Book . N^W4 3 V^ ^ V^i?^ ^^^ ^ j?^ ^^^«^ :> ~-) \ \ // /^ f \ ■■ i'' ij-«'^*v»«* . »^ i^-' /i i r?jj,*- HISTORY, TOPOGRAPHY, AND DIRECTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. COMPEISING A GENERAL SURVEY OF THE COUNTY, AND A '§hkq d tlje CofoK anir C»«iitg of |tefetastlMtpit-|2iie, WITH SEPAEATE HISTOEICAL, STATISTICAL, AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OE THE BOROUGHS OF GATESHEAD AND BEEWICK-UPON-TWEED, AND ALL THE TOWNS, BOEOUGHS, PORTS, PARISHES, CHAPELRIES, TOWNSHIPS, VILLAGES, WARDS, AND MANORS. TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED A LIST OF THE SEATS OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTBY. BY WILLIAM WHELLAN & CO. LONDON : WHITTAKEH AND CO., AVE MARIA LANE. MANCHESTER : GALT AND CO., DUCIE STREET, EXCHANGE. Pri«eto Subscribers, handsomely bound in half calf, and including a large Map of the County, £1 ; or, with the Map neatly mounted on rollers, 4s. 6d. extra. MANCHESTEE: PRINTED BY GALT, KERRUISH, AND GENT, NEW CANNON STREET. PREFACE. In presenting the present volume to their numerous patrons and the public, the proprietors deem it their first duty to tender an expression of their gratitude to the various literary, scientific, and ofiicial gentlemen of the county, who have so readily furnished their agents with valuable contri- butions and corrections, as well as to those who have honoured the publishers Avith immediate communications for additions and improvements in the work. To George Tate, Esq., F.G.S., of Alnwick, they are, in a special manner, indebted for his admirable and interesting articles on the Origin of Coal, the Geology of the Parish of Alnwick, and of the Howick Coast, articles which will, it is presumed, be found to possess no common interest, and haply may be perused, with some measure of curiosity. To their friend John Rooke, Esq., of Akehead, Wigton, Cumberland, they are under a lasting obligation for his excellent Essay on the Geology of the Lake District, an essay which they doubt not, will be found to contain much valuable information, — and, to nearly 3,500 subscribers, who have so munificently supported them in their arduous undertaking, they beg to ofier their warmest acknowledgments. The great experience which the proprietors have had during the last eighteen years, in similar undertakings for other counties — the success and approbation which have attended them — and their ready and remunerative sale, furnish a convincing proof that they have been well estimated, and a guarantee for the future value of their works. As the utility of such publi- cations entirely depends on their correctness, simplified arrangement, and copiousness of information, the proprietors' attention, in the compilation of the present work, has been unremittingly directed to the attainment of these objects — every town, parish, township, village, and almost every house in the county, has been visited, and neither labour nor expense spared, in order to secure accurate and authentic information. And though it would be presumptuous to expect that a volume containing such a great body of matter, and such a diversity of subjects, could be entirely free from errors, yet it is hoped that any which may appear in the present one, will be of no material deterioration to its general utility — the pro- prietors, therefore feel confident, that for general accuracy, comprehensiveness, IV. PEEFACE. and typographical executiou, this work, which they now, with much deference, submit to the ordeal of public criticism, will be found to give general satis- faction. The plan of the Work embraces an I^'troductory Review of the Early- History of Great Britain, derived from the best accessible authorities, with especial reference to the Roman, Saxon, and Danish invasions, and exhibit- ing the manners and customs of the various dominant races of the British Islands, together with iDteresting details respecting the Ancient Kingdoms and Provinces in England, Wales, and Scotland, the division of the Country into Shires, the ecclesiastical divisions, and the various changes which have taken place in the ancient sub-divisions of the country, the extent, popula- tion and importance of the British Colonies and Maritime possessions, as also statistical details regardii^g the Railways of the United Kingdom — with a resume of the rise and progress of trade, commerce, and manu- factures. This is followed by a General History and Description of Northumberland, its agricultural and mineral productions, roads, rivers, railways, castles, abbeys, and Monastic Institutions, before and after the time of their dissolution, together with separate Historical Sketches, and statistical descriptions of the town and county of Kewcastle-upon-Tyne, and Gateshead, Berwick-upon-Tweed, and all the boroughs, towns, ports, parishes, townships, and hamlets in the county, their locahty, territorial extent, population returns from 1801 to 1851, charitable, educational, and other Public Institutions, Churches and Chapels with their ministers, public buildings, corporate bodies, magistrates, and public officers, courts of law, and the names of their officials, together with historical events, eminent men, picturesque scenery, curiosities, and a variety of other statistical and commercial matter, extracted from the Parliamentary Reports of the Census and Charities, and other authentic sources, — the whole constituting for this important county a faithful epitome of historical and local information. To the historical and descriptive sketch of each place succeeds a Directory of the inhabitants, presenting in a classification for easy reference the names, designations, and addresses of the principal residents, alphabetically arranged, in copious miscellanies, or classified under the heads of their respective trades and professions, with the post-office and railway regu- lations, and every medium of public conveyance — and the Work is accom- panied with a large new Map of Xorthumberland, on which the various divisions of the county are neatly coloured, and the different lines of railway accurately delineated. W. WHELLAN & CO. Pontefract, February, 1855. INDEX OF PLACES. Page A bberwick 642 Abbeylands 609 Acklington 711 Acklington Park 712 Acomb East 766 Acomb West . . . 848 Acton 791 Acton &O.Felton 613 Adderstone .... 580 Akeld 702 Ale 890 Allensford 792 I Allendale 816 Allenheads 820 Allen's Green . . 887 Allerwash 874 All Saints' Parish 429 Alnham 640 Alnmouth 582 Almvick Parish... 588 Alnwick 591 Alnwick S. Side.. 609 Alwinton 620 Amble 712 Ancroft 900 Angerton 882 ^Angerton High. . 729 "Angerton Low. . . 730 Annet'sford 465 Anick 849 Anick Grange... 849 Apperley .'. 767 Asholme 893 Ashington and Sheepwasb 707 Aydon 775 Aydon Castle 775 Backward Letch .792 Back worth 442 Bambrough Ward 559 Bambrough Par- ish 560 Bambrough Cas.. 561 Page Bank Top 456 Bardon Mill.... 885 Barelees ,697 Barmoor 683 Barrasford 796 Barrington Place 386 Barrow 624 Bassington... ... 645 Bates Island 444 Bavington Great 804 Bavington Little 815 Baybridge 791 Beadnell 563 Beal 765 Beanley 645 Bear's Bridge ... 895 Beaufront 651 Bebside 457 Bedlington- SHIRE 895 Bedlington 896 Belford 569 Bellasis with Bog- hall 554 Bellingham — 853 Bellister 882 Bell's Close .... 537 Belsay 726 Belsay Guide Post 727 Beltingham 887 Benridge 742 Benridge 547 Bensham 386 Benton Long .. . 459 Benton Little ... 464 Benton Square.. 462 Benwell 551 Benwell High Cross 552 Berrington 926 Berryhill 698 Berwick Hill ... 545 Berwick - upon - Tweed 938 Page Berwick New . . . 645 Berwick Old ... . 645 Bickerton 627 Biddleston 621 Bigge's Quarter 738 Bill Quay 386 Billy Mill 522 Bilton 583 Bingfield 849 Birdhope Craig.. 673 Bird's Nest 697 Birkenside 792 Birling 713 Birtley 794 Bitchfield 808 Black Carts and Kyehill 859 Black Chester . . 641 Blagdon with Milkhope .... 554 Blakelaw 456 Blanchland 790 Blaydon 386 Blenkinsopp .... 882 Blinkbonny 700 Blue Quarries . . 386 Blyth North .... 898 Bltth South . . 433 Bockenfield 613 Boghall 554 Bolam 725 Bolam Vicarage.. 728 Bolton 642 Boulmer and Sea- ton House. . .. 585 Bothal 707 Bowsdon 684 Bradford 564 Bradford 728 Brainshaugh 618 Brandon 646 Brandling 466 Branton 646 Branxton 690 Page Brenkley 531 Brick Sheds 700 Brinkburn 611 Brinkburn High W^ard 611 Brinkburn Low Ward 612 Brinkburn South Side 612 Broadside 819 Broken h eugh .. . 870 Broomhaugh ... . 765 Broombope with Buteland 795 Broomley 767 Broom Park 643 Broomridge .... 701 Brotherwick 713 Broxfield 574 Bruce's Castle... 697 Brunton East... 451 Brunton West . . 451 Brunton, High and Low 574 Budle .564 Buller's Green . . 758 Burnstones .... 891 Bullock's Hall.. 713 Burradon 443 Burrowden .... 622 Burton 564 Bush 874 Buston High . . 714 Buston Low .... 714 Busy Cottage . . 431 Busy Gap 31 Buteland 795 Butterlaw 535 Byker 429 Byker Hill .... 430 Byrness 673 Bywell St. An- drew 765 Bywell, St. Peter 7 66 I VI. INDEX OF PLACES. Page Caistron ...... 6ii7 Callaley and Yet- lington 654 Callerton Black 535 Callerton High . . 545 Callerton Ltttle. . 545 Cambo 730 Camboise 898 Camphill 798 Canjpville 6-26 Canongate .... 610 Capheaton .... 805 Carry Coats 815 Carhani 691 Carr's Hill .... 387 Carr Shields 881 Carter Moor 547 Cartington .... 627 Carville 528 CaSTIE W4ED . . 428 Catchburn 758 Catcherside 806 Cattou 819 Causeway End . . 452 Causeway Park. . 736 Charlton East . . 856 CharltonNorth ..573 Charlton South . . 573, Charlton West . . 856 ; Chathill 573 I Chatton 676 Cheesebn. Grange 808 Chesterhope 800 Chesterwood. . . . 870 Cheswick 901 Chibburn High and Low 721 Chillingham 679 Chipchase 798 Chirdon 861 Chirton 522 Chevington East 714 Chevington West 714 Chollerford .... 863 Chollerton 795 Choppington 899 Clarewood 775 ClenneU 622 Clifton with Cold- weU 554 Close House 780 Coalcleugh 821 Coal Houses ... 678 Coat Yards 760 Coanwood 883 Cockle Park 736 Page Cocklaw 850 Coldcoats 545 Coldmartin 678 Coldsmouth and Thompson's W-alls 702 Coldwell 806 Coltpark .. 761 Colwell and S win- burn 797 Combhill 760 C O QUETD ALE Ward 587 Corbridge , 771 Corchester 772 Cornhill 931 Corridge 730 Corsenside .... 799 Coupland 702 Cowgate 466 Cowpen 457 Coxlodge 452 Cramlington. . . . 431 Craster 575 Crawley 646 Cresswell 722 Crofton 434 Crogdean 806 Crookham 696 Crookbouse .... 702 Crookhouses. . . . 678 Cullercoats 522 Dalton 535 Dalton 846 DaiTas Hall 546 Deanham 731 Deanraw 870 Debden 628 Denton East. . . . 536 Denton West ...537 Dent's Hole 430 Denwick 610 Detchant ....... 571 Dilston 776 Dinnington .... 531 Dissington North 538 Dissington South 538 DitchburnE.&W^ 647 Doddington .... 681 Donkley Wood... 867 Dotland 845 Dowuham 692 Doxford 573 Dunridge 721 Duddoes with WTiinney Hill. 555 Duddo 932 Dueshill 624 Duke's Field 793 Dukeshagg 788 Dunston 575 Dunston 387 Dunstanbrough Castle 575 Eachwick 778 Eals 891 Earle 682 Earsdon 433 Earsdou 736 Earsdon Forest 737 Easington, ...... 571 Easington Grange 572 Edington 743 Edlingham 642 Eglingham .... 644 Eland Green.... 550 Elford 564 EHshaw 674 Ellerington .... 870 Ellin gham .... 572 Ellington 723 I Elsdon .... 669 Elswick 552 EUringham .... 781 Elwick 572 Elyhaugh 613 Embleton 574 Encampment . . 700 Errington 850 Errol Hut 698 Eshott 613 Eslington 668 Espershields . . . . 769 Etal 697 Etal New 698 Ewart 682 E Wesley 760 Fairhaugh 622 Fairuley 731 Fallowden... .... 577 Fallowfield 850 Fallowlees 628 Falstone 859 Farnham 622 Fame Islands ... 929 Fawdon, Clinch, andHartside.. 652 Fawdon 452 Fawns 806 Featherstone . . 883 Felkington 933 FeUiugHigh.... 387 Page Felling Low ... 3a 7 Felling Shore . . 387 Felton 612 Fenham 466 Fenham 003 Fenrother 737 Fenton 690 Fen wick 700 Fenwick 809 Fleetham 564 Flodden 7G0 Flotterton . . 628 Ford 696 Forest High 820 Forest Low 820 Fotherley High- and Low 769 Foultown 888 Fourstones 868 Fowberry 678 Framlin gtonLou g 6 1 6 Framlingtou Low 617 Freeholder's Quarter 738 Gallow Hill 728 Garretsheels .... 674 Gateshead 378 Gateshead High Fell 387 Gateshead Low Fell 387 Gatehouse 858 Glanton 655 Glendale Ward 075 Glenwhelt 883 Glororum 564 Gloster Hill 715 Gorbet Hill .... 8S3 Gorfin Latch 737 Gosforth Parish. 451 I Gosforth North . 453 I Gosforth South.. 454 j Gosvdck 064 I Groenhead 702 Greenhead 882 Greenley SB5 Green Leighton,. 731 Greens & Glant- lees 615 Greense^ 901 GreenshawHm.. 652 Greenhaugh 858 Greenshaw Plain 847 Grey's Forest . . . 702 Greystead 861 Grindon 933 INDEX OF PLACES. Yll. Page Gunnerton and Chipchase.... 798 Guvzance 618 Hagg 692 Haddrick's Mill. 453 Hadstone 715 Ha^rgerston .... 902 Hah Barnes 864 Plall Yard 783 Ilallington 850 Halton Chesters. 29 Halton Shields... 777 Halton 776 Haltwhistle ..878 Hanwood Shield 815 Harbottle 624 Harehope 648 Harelaw 705 Harle Little 802 Harle West 803 Harlow Hill.... 781 Harnham 728 Harpertown .... 893 Hartbura 729 Hartburn Grange 732 Hartford East... 458 Hartford West... 458 Harangton 732 JIartington Hall 732 Hartley 444 Hartleybum 881 Hartside 652 Harwood 732 Haughton 863 Kauxley 715 Hawick 806 HaAvkhill 584 Hawkwell 810 Haydon Bridge.. 869 Hay Farm 698 Hazlerig 678 Hazon 618 Healy 770 Healy & Comb- hill 760 Heathpool 702 Heaton 430 Hebburn 681 Hebburn 387 Hebburn Quay... 387 Hebron 736 Heddon Black... 808 Heddon East .... 779 Heddon - on-tbe - Wall 778 Heddon West.... 779 Page Hedgeley 648 Hedley Black .... 792 Hedley - on - the- HiU 781 Hedley Woodside 782 Henlaw '^00 Henshaw 885 Hepple 628 Hepple Demense 629 Hepscot 758 Hesleyhm-st 633 Hesleyside 857 Hetchester Law.. 727 Hethershaw 700 Hetton 678 Hough 810 Heworth High... 3b8 Heworth Nether. 387 Heworth Shore... 387 Hexhamhsire 816 Hexham 822 High Town 886 High Quarter ... 845 High Church.... 759 High am Dykes... 546 Highlaws 732 Highlaws High & Low 743 Holborn 684 Honinghill 633 Holy Island 903 Holystone 624 Holywell 446 Hoppen 564 Hornclifife.. 933 Horseclose 767 Horseclose 884 Horsley.... 782 Horton 458 Horton 678 Horton Grange... 532 Hott 862 Houghton 780 Houghton Little 585 Housesteads 31 Howden Pans.... 525 Howick 579 Howtell 702 Hulne Park 610 Humbleton 682 Humshaugh 863 Huntlaw 557 Hurst 723 Ilderton 649 Ingoe 812 Ingram G52 Page Ingram Linop & Greenshaw hill 652 ISLANDSHIEE 900 Jesmond 466 Keilder 860 Keenly 821 Kearsley 812 Keekout 697 Kellah 884 Kennel Park .. 860 Kenton Bar .... 456 Kenton East and 456 West 456 Kidland 626 Kilham 702 Killingworth 459 KilnpitHill 792 Kimmerston 701 Kirkharle 802 Kirkhaugh .... 889 Kirk Heaton . . 803 Kirkley 546 Kirk Newton . . 701 Kirkwhelpington 804 Knaresdale 890 Kyloe 926 Lady's Land. . . . 545 Lady's Well 626 Lambley 892 Langley 871 Lanton 703 Latterford 877 Learchild 644 Learmouth East. 692 Learmouth West 692 Lee 846 Lee Ward 633 Leemailing 857 Lemington 542 Leramington ... 644 Lesbury 582 LethamHill 698 Lilburn East ... 648 Lilburn West ... 648 Lillswood 845 Linbriggs 622 Lindisfarne 905 Linnels 848 Linop 652 Linsheeles 626 Linthaughs 700 Linton 721 Linkhouses 434 Linraouth 723 Lintley 890 Linton 721 Page Lipwood 871 Longridge 934 Little Mill 586 Loan End 933 Long Horsley ... 738 Look Out 7Q0 Longhurst 709 Longhoughton... 585 Longshaws 738 LongWitton 732 Lorbottle 666 Lowick 683 Low Quarter ... 791 Low Quarter ... 845 Lucker 564 Lyham 679 Marden 697 Mason 532 MatfenEast 812 MatfenWest 8.13 Meldon 534 Meldon Park Corner 535 Melkridge 886 Mickley 783 Middle Quarter . 846 Middleton Hall . 650 Middleton North 650 Middleton North 733 Middleton South 650 Middleton South 733 Middleton 572 Milburn ....... 547 Milburn Grange. 548 Milkhope 554 MiMeld 704 Mill House .... 889 MiUshields .... 769 Mindrum 692 Minster Acres ... 7G9 Mitford 742 Moat Hill 670 Molesdon 744 Mollersteads ., 846 Money Laws . . 692 Monkridge Ward 671 Monkseaton .... 523 Monkton 388 Moor Houses . . 522 MoEPETH Wakd 706 Morpeth 740 Morpeth Castle . 758 Liorsvick 715 Mote Law 850 Mounces 801 Mousen., 565 Yin. INDEX OF PLACES Page] Moant Healv ... 633 j Mount Pleasant . 700 | Mount Pleasant . 783 ; Murton 524' Nafferton 784 1 Nesbit 683 j Nesbit 814 I Netherton 899 Netherton North 623 i Netherton South 623 I Nether Witton... 760 Newbiggin 538 Newbiggiu 723 Newbiggin 791 Newbrough 874 Newburn 534 Newburn Hall... 541 Newcastle 153 Antiquarian Society, 200, 366; Assembly Rooms, 197, 368; Banks, 198, 316; Bar- racks, 368 ; Benevo- lent Institutions, 191, 365 ; Blind Asylum, 194, 366; Borough Magistrates, 2 11; Car- riers, 372; Cemeteries 199; Central Eailway Station, 198 : Central Exchange,369; Cham- ber of Commerce 201; Churches of the Es- tablishment, 171; Churches and Cha- pels not connected Avith the EsiabHsb- ment, ] 75 ; Classified Directory, 312; Coal Trade, 207; Com- merce and Manufac- tures, 201 : Convey- ances, 370 ; Corpo- ration, 209; Custom House, 197, 369 ; Deaf and Dumb In- stitution, 194, 366; Dep.Lieutenants,211; Directory, 225; Dis- pensaries, 193, 365 ; Extinct Monastic Edi- fices, 168; Eve Infir- mary, 194, 365 ; For- tifications, 170 ; Gas Works, 198, 369 ; GeneralCharities 2 1 2; Page Harbour, 208; Hiyh Level Bridge, 195; Hospitals and Alms- houses, 189 ; House of Correction, 197, 369; House of Re- covery, 193, 365 ; In- corporatedCompanies 308; Infirmary, 191, Literary and Philoso- phical Society, 199, 366 ; Literary and Scientific Societies, 3!;6 ; Literary, Scien- tific, and Mechanical Institution, 200, 366 ; Lunatic Asylums 193, 369 ; Lying-in Hos- pital, 194, 366; Ma- nors Station, 198 ; Mansion House, 196; Markets and Fairs, 203 ; Members of Parh anient, 211; Miscellaneous Socie- ties, 368 ; Music Hall, 198 ; Natural Historv Society, 299, 366"; Newcastle-upon Tyne College of Medicine, 299, 367 ; Newspa- pers, 200, 354 ; News Rooms, 201 ; North of England Society of Arts, 200, 367 ; Pan- don Dean Bridge, 197; Parochial Charities, 218; Penitentiary 194, 366 ; Post Ofiice, 224; Public Baths, &C.197: 368; Public Build- ings, Omces, &c. 368, PubHc Schools, 186, 312 ; Religious and Moral Soceties, 201, 367; TemperanceHall 198; Theatre Roval, 160; Town Hall, 196; T^-ne Bridge, 195 , Water Works, 198 ; I Worthies, 220 Newham 565 I Newham 557 ' Newham East ... 557 j New^ham Edge... 557 Newham Middle 557 Page Newham West ... 557 Newlands 771 Newminster Abbey 758 Newsham 433 New Stead 565 Newton 770 Newton Hall 770 Newton by the Sea 577 >>ewton on the Moor 618 Newton West ... 705 Newton Park ... 744 Newton Under- wood 744 Newtown 634 Newtown 681 New Winning... 541 New York 524 Nine Banks 822 Nook 858 NORHAMSHIRE ... 931 Norham 934 Norham Mains... 937 NoETH Shields 467 N or th S un d erl an d Sea Houses ... 567 Nubbock 843 Nunnykirk 761 Nunriding 745 Oak Hall 700 Oldmoor 710 Ogle 557 OrdEast 927 Ordley 846 Ord Middle .... 927 Ord West 927 I Otterburn 672 I Ousebm-n 430 lOuston .... 814 ' Outchester .... 567 I Ovingham 780 [ Ovington 786 i Pallinsburn .... 697 i Pawston 705 j Paradise 552 'Park 821 Park House 752 iPark 882 I Park End 864 i Paperhaugh 634 Peals 623 Pegsworth 710 Pelaw Main 388 Philadelphia 524 Page Pigdon 745 Plawshets 859 Plendor Heath... 871 Plainmellor 887 Plessy with Shotton 555 Pouteland 544 Portgate 851 Powburn 655 Presson 692 Prendwick 041 Preston 524 Preston 574 Prestwick 532 Prudhoe 786 Prudhoe Castle.. 787 Ramshaw High., 883 Ramshaw Low... 883 Ramshope 675 Ratchwood 567 Rattenraw 674 Raw 634 Raw Green 846 Reavaley 653 Red Path 883 Pennington 578 Rhodes 698 Riddell's Quarter 738 Riding 765 Ridley 887 Ridley Old and New (767 RiggEnd 861 Riplington 558 Risingham 800 ' Ritton and Colt j Park 761 I River Green 550 I Ritton White I House 761 Rochester 673 !Rock 578 Roddam 651 I Ross 572 • Rosedon 651 Rose's Bower ... 877 Rothbury Parish 627 ' Rothbury Town 634 Rothburv Old ... 636 iRcthlev.". 733 'Raw Foot 884 Rouchester 758 Ryall 814 Ryehill 859 Ryle Great 666 Rvle Little 666 INDEX OF PLACES. IX. Page Sandhoe 851 Sandyford 700 Sandyford 729 Sandylands 628 Saltwick 555 Scotswood 536 Scremerston 902 Screenwood 641 Seaton Burn ... 465 Seaton Delaval... 447 Seaton North ... 724 Seaton Sluice ... 444 Selby's Forest ... 705 Sewing Shields .. 31 Shaf toe East ... 734 Shaftoe West ... 734 Sharperton 023 Shawdon 667 Sheepwash 899 Sheriff Hill 38rt Shidlaw 693 Shield Hill 737 Shields North. 467 Shilbottle 618 Shilvington 769 Shipley 649 Shitlingtou High 875 Shitlington Low. 875 Shoreston 567 Shortflatt 729 Shothaugh 616 Shotley 790 Shotley Field ... 792 Shotton 555 Shotton Edge ... 555 Sighill 450 Sillsburn Foot... 674 Sinionburn 862 Six Mile Bridge . 465 Slaggyford 891 Slainsfield 69':^ Slaley 793 Sleekburn East.. 900 Sleekburn West.. 900 Sraalesmouth ... 861 Snitter 638 Spiudlestone . ... 567 Spittal 928 Spittle 788 Spittle Hill 745 St. Andrew's Parish 465 St. Anthony's ... 430 St. John's Parish 551 St. John Lee ... 847 Page St. Ninian's 686 St. Peter's 430 St. Peter's Quay. 430 Stagshaw Bank. . 851 Stamford 579 Stamfordham ... 808 Stanuer's Burn. . 861 Stannington 553 Stan nington Vale 556 Stanton 739 Steel 846 Stella 388 Stelling 770 StobbHill 758 Stocksfield tiall. 766 Street House . . 780 Street Houses ... 533 Sturton Grange .715 Styford 766 Sugley 542, Summerods .... 847 SunderlandNorth 565 Swalwell 388 Swarland 615 Sweethope .... 815 Swinburn 797 Swinhoe 568 Tarretburn 858 Tarset West 866 Teams 388 Tecket 865 Thirlwall 888 Thockrington .. 815 Thompson's Walls 702 Thornborough... 777 Thorneyburn ... 866 Thorngrafton .... 888 Thornton East .. 734 Thornton W^est.. 734 Three Mile Brdg. 454 Thirston East & West with Shot- . haugh 616 Throckley 542 Throphill 745 Thropton 638 Thrunton 668 Tillmouth 932 TiND ALE Ward... 762 Tithehill 693 Titlington 649 Todburn 740 Todridge 734 Togstone 716 Tosson Great.... 639 Page Tosson Little .... 639 Town Green 891 Tow House 885 Tranwell & High Church 769 Trewick 729 Trewitts High & Low 639 Tritlington 737 Troughend 674 Tuggall 568 Tweedmouth 927 Twizell 759 Twizell 938 Tynely 574 Tynemouth 466 Ulgham 710 Ulgham Grange. 710 Unthank 642 Unthank 792 Wallbottle 543 Walker 462 Walker Low 403 Walk Mill 716 Walker Quay 463 Wall 852 Wallington 734 Walridge 815 Wallsend 525 Wall Houses 812 Wall Town 889 Walwick ..... 871 Walwick Chesters 871 Walwick Grange. 871 Wapping 462 Warden 807 Warden High.... 868 Warden Low .... 807 Wark 693 Wark 875 Warksburn 877 Warkworth 711 Warrenford 568 Warnmouth 567 Warrenton.., . . . . 508 Warton 040 Watchlaw 098 Waterloo 434 Wellhaugh 800 Weetslade 465 Weetwood 679 Welton 788 West Allen Low 822 West Boat 847 West Allen High 821 Page Westgate 553 Westmoor 460 West Quarter . . 8*7 Whalton 557 Whelpington W. 807 Whickham 388 Whinney Hill ... 555 Windy Nook 389 Winlaton 389 Whitch ester 780 Whitfield 894 Whitley 524 Whitlow 890 Whitridge 449 Whitridge 735 Whittingham ... 653 Whittington Great 777 Whittington Little 778 Whittle 620 Whittle 789 Whitton 640 Whittonstall 770 Whorlton East and West 544 W^iddrington 721 Wide Open 465 W^illiamston .... 891 Willimoteswick. . 887 Wilhngton 529 Wincolmlee .... 463 Win gates 740 Witton Shields... 742 Wolf Hill 883 W^oodburn East 799 Woodburn West 800 Wooden 584 Woodhead 851 Woodhorn 722 Woodhorn Demesne .... 725 Wood house .... 620 Woodshields 874 Wood side 675 WOOLER 686 Woolsington 533 Wooperton 049 Wrekenton 389 VVreighill 040 Wydon 883 Wylam 789 Yarrow 861 Yetlington 654 Yeavering ,.,,,, 705 INDEX OF SUBJECTS, FAMILIES, AND PERSONS. Page Abbeys, see Monastic Institutions Aborigines of Great Britain 18 Acca,Bishp.ofHexham 828 Accession of the House of Hanover 61 Agatho (Pope) 826 Agricola 1 44 Aidan, first Bishop of Lindisfai-ne 48 Akenside, residence of 155 Alcmund, Bishop of Hexham 828 Alfred the Great 51 Alia 145 Ancient Bishopric of Lindisfame 906 Alnmck Parish, Geo- logy of 589 Ancient Bishopric of Hexham 827 Ancient Britons 18 Ancient Breed of Cattle 680 Ancient Kingdoms and Provinces in En- gland, Wales, and Scotland . 66 Annexation of Ireland 58 Antiquities, 430, 443, 449, 453, 461, 527, 530, 534, 555, 567, 583, 585, 614, 617, 624, 626, 627, 631, 634, 639, 643, 645, 647, 650, 652, 654, 655, 667, 670, 672, 673, 677, 688, 684, 686, 706, 727, 772, 775, 779, 795, 798, 800, 805, 809, 814, 850, 864, 868, 869, 876, 896, 905. Archdeaconries ....... 76 Page Area of Great Britain 81 Arthur (King) 49 Assembly of Godmun- dingham 147 Asylums in Gt. Britain 83 Athelstan 701 Augustine 48,50 Babington Mrs/ denied Christian Sepulture 728 Bahol 168 B am brough Yv^ ard 560 Baptists 181 Barracks in Gt.Britain 83 Basiere Dr. Isaac 582 Battle s,B annockburn 946 ; Brunanburgh, 701; Carham, 691; Flodden Field, 700 ; Fulford, 54 ; Gates- head Fell, 16] ; Get- eringe, 706 ; Halidon Hill, 948; Hastings, 54; Hedgeley, 648; HexhamLevels,830 ; Homildon Hill, 704; MaserJ48; Newburn 539 ; Otterburn,672 ; Eetford, 146 ; Stam- fordBridge,54 ; Stan- dard, 693. Beaumont Family. . . , 823 Benedictine Order . , 912 Bells of Woolsingtoa 533 Bennett Family 679 Bennet Biscop 913 Bertrams of Mitford . . 743 Be^A^cksof CloseHouse 780 Bewick Thomas 220 Bigge Family 464, 738, 784. Births and Deaths in England and Wales, from 1840 to 1850 82 Blackett Sir Walter. . 220 Page BlackettsofWallington, 735 ; of Matfen,813 ; of W^lam, 789. Blakes of Twizell . . 938 Boadicea, Queen of the Icenians 21 Boniface (Pope) .... 145 Borderers 63 Border Laws & Service 64 Bourne Kev. Henry . . 221 Bowes Andrew R. S.. . 551 Brand Eev. John .... 220 Brandlings of Gosforth 453 Brislee Tower 599 Britons, their manners, customs, &c 18 Bruce, King David . . 949 Buchan, Countess of. . 945 Cadvan, King 145 Coenred, King .. 149 Caedwalla 148 Caledonians 144 Canons, Secular and Piegular 915 Canute, (King) 53 Canon first used in Britain 950 Carlisle, House of . . . . 747 Carr Wilham 437 Carthusians 914 Castles — Alnwick. 594 ; Aydon, 775 ; Bambrough, 561 ; Barmoor, 683 ; Berwick, 941; Bel- say, 726; Blenkin- sopp, 882; Bothal, 709; By well, 768; Callaley, 654; Cart- ington, 628; Chill- ingham, 680; Chip- chase, 789 ; Cocklaw, 850; Coupland,70a; Dun3tanbroughj575 ; INDEX OF SUBJECTS, FAMILIES, AND PERSONS. XI. Page Castles — ■ Edlmgham, 643 ; Elsdon, 670; Etal, 698 ; Featherstone, 884:;Fcrd,699; Hag- gerstone, 902 ; Hal- ton, 776 ; Harbottle, 6--24; Haughtoii,863; Hepple,630; Hetton, 931; Horton, 678; Horton, 458 ; Keil- der, 860 ; Lambley, 892 ; Langley, 871; Lindisfarne,904;Mit- ford, 743 ; Morpeth, 750 ; Newcastle,170; Norham, 134 ; Ogle, 557 ; Otterburn,672 ; Prudhoe, 787 ; Roth- ley, 733 ; Seaton Delaval, 449 ; Sew- ing Shields, 31 ; Siraonburn, 864 ; S taward ,870; S win - burn, 797; Tarsefc, 857; Thirlwall, 34; Twizell, 938 ; Tyne- mouth, 468 ; Wark, 693 ; Warkworth,716; Widdrington, 721. Cassibelan, Prince of Cassii 21 Castle Ward 428 Catholics 175 Ceolwulf 149 Cerdic 40 Changes in the ancient sub-divisions of the County 76 Charities — Bambrough Ward, 559 ; Castle Ward, 429;CoquetdaleWard 588 ; MorpethWard, 707; TindaleWard, 763- See also the Histories of the various par- ishes and townships Charlemagne 150 Character of the Saxon Nations 39 Charltons of Hesley- side 857 Christianity introduced into Britain ...... 23 Page Chevy Chase 672 Circuits of the Judges 73 Cistercians 915 Clavering Family .... 654 Caxtons of Dilston . . 776 ClennellLuke 753 CluniacOrder ,. 9l4 Coal, distribution of . . 115 Coal, statistics of 116 Coiffi 147 Collieries, &c 126 Collingwood Admiral 221 Collingwoods of Bran- don 646 Collingwoods of Es- lington 668 CollingwoodsofLilburn 649 Collingwoods of Ryle 666 Conference at New- castle 168 Conflagration, &c. at Newcastle 166 Conflict at TyneBridge 162 Constantine the Great 22 Conversion of Edwin 147 Conversion of the Saxons 48 Copsi and Osulph 539 Coquetdale Ward 587 Cotton Manufacture 100 Coughron George 632 Count of the Saxon Shore 22 County Magistrates. &c 151 Cra'iters of Craster . . 575 Cress well Family 722 CreweLord, charities of 562 Cuthbert St 827 Cyneheard and Cyne- wulf ..... 42 Danish Invasion .... 50 Danes, Manners and Customs of 51 David of Scotland 162 Dawes Eev. Eichard . . 222 Deaneries 76 Death's Dance 833 Delaval Admiral .... 538 Delaval Family 447 Derwentwater, Earl of 776 Discovery of Britain. . 16 Distinction of Classes amongst the Nor- mans 58 Distribution of the soil of Gfeati JPritain .... 81 Page Doctrines of theDruids 19 Druidism 19 Dunbar ,Earls of .... 645 Duns Scotus 575 Eadbert, Bp.of Hexham, 829 Eanred 148 Eardulf 150 Early Manufactures . . 94 Eata 827 Ecclesiastical Divisions 75 Edbert 49 Edgar the Etheling . . 161 Edilthryda 825 Edinwold 149 Edred 52 Edward the Confessor. 52 Edward the Elder 53 Edward 1 168 Edward II 430 Edward III 948 Edward IV 951 Edward VI 60 Edwin 145,146, 147 Egfred 149 Eldon, Earl of 221 Elizabeth, Queen .... 60 Elliott Thomas 796 Elsdon Forest 669 English Sovereigns . . 65 Ermenberga 826 Erringion Family .... 850 ErringtonM. andL. . 904 Ethelberga 145 Ethelfrid ]45 Ethelred 53, 150 Eures of Kirldey .... 546 Exeter, Duke of ... . 831 Extent, Population, Classification and Im- portance of the Brit- ish Colonies and Ma- ritime Possessicms . . 86 Fairy Stone 868 Felton Family 813 Fentons of Stanton and Bywell 739, 767 Fenwicks of Fen wick Tower 809 Fenwicks of Lemingtou 644 Fenwicks of Wallington 735 Fenwick Sir John 809 Festivals of the Druids 20 Feudal System 56 Forsters of Blanchland 790 Fo wherry. Lord of . . . . 691 Fridbert, Bp.of Hexham 823 xu. INDEX OF SUBJECTS, FAMILIES, AND PERSONS. Friars, different Orders of 917 Friends, Society of . . 182 Geology of the Lake District 979 Gibson Thomas 753 Geology of Alnwick Parish 589 Glass, Manufacture of, 203 Geology of the Howick Coast •. 579 Glendale Ward G75 Grace Darling 930 Grainger Eichai-d .... 157 Grand Ball in a Coal Pit 455 Gregory the Great, (Pope) 48, 147 Greys of Howick .... 581 Greys of Wark Castle. 079 Greystocks of Morpeth 747 Hadrian (Emperor).. 144 Haggerstone Family. . 902 Hanno and Himilco. . 16 Hardicannte 53 Harles of Kirkharle . . 803 Harold 53 Harold II 53 Harold Hadrada .... 53 Heaton Colliery, explo- sion at 430 Hengist and Horsa .. 39 Hereford, Earl of ... . 454 Heron Giles 876 Herons of Ford and Chipchase 698, 864 Hepple Family 630 Horsley John 753 Horsleys of Longhors- ley 738 Hotspur 593 Howick Coast, Geology of 579 Hospitals in Great Britain 83 Hundreds 71 Hutton Chas. L.L.D . . 222 Ida the Flame Bearer. 144 Independents 180 Inhabited Houses and Families in Great Britain, from 1800 to 1851 83 Introductory Eeview. . 16 James IV. of Scotland kiUed 700 Page John (King) 162,430 John of Hexham .... 838 JuUus Caesar 21 Kale Cross 554 Keelmen, Character of, 138 King's Chair, Flodden Hill 701 Knights Hospitallers, 917 Knights Templars 920 Lake District, Geology of 979 Lakes at Haltwhistle, 885 ; Prestwick, 533; Gosforth, 453 ; Kim- mer Lough 645 Lamberts of Belsay Castle 720 Lamhert's Leap .... 466 Lancaster, Earl of . . 575 Languages spoken throughout the Brit- ish Empire 89 Law of Population .... 84 Lead, Iron, ifcc 137 Lieutenancy of North- umberland 131 Life Boat, Accidents with 436 Lilla, the Thane 148 Lisle Family 454 Lough John, Sculptor 729 Lunatic Asylums in Great Britain 83 Mad Maddison 769 Magna Charta 58 Malcolm of Scotland 161, 592 Manners and Customs of the Celtic Races 18 Manners and Customs of the Danes 50 Manners and Customs of the Saxons .... 40 Martin John, Esq. . . 872 Manners Family .... 697 Manors and their Dis- tribution 74 Margaret of Anjou, Es- cape of 831 Mary, Queen 60 Mary, Queen of Scots . 952 Massacre of St. Brice. 53 Mausoleum at Seaton Delaval 449 Methodists 184 Middletons of Belsay . . 726 Mitford Family 743 Page Mineral Springs, 446, 628, 645, 732, 877 Monastic Life, its ori- gin, progress, &c. . . 909 Monastic Ikstitutions Alnwick 595 Amble 712 Bambrough 560 Blanchland 790 Berwick 957 Brinkburn 611 Corbridge 772 Fame Island 930 Hexham 829 Hulne 610 Holvstone 626 Lambley 893 Lindisfarne 905 Newcastle 168 Newminster 758 Ovingham 784 Tynemouth 468 Monck Family 726 Monkchester destroyed 161 Morpeth Waud .... 706 Morrison Eobert, D.D. 741 Mountains and Hills of Great Britain . . 108 Mowbray, Earl of Nor- thumberland 162 Municipal Cities and Boroughs 73 Newcastle, foundation of 162 New Jerusalem Church 185 Norman Conquest .... 53 Northumberland, His- tory & Description of 111 Northumberland Dock 526 NorthumbrianKingsl48,l49, 151. Number of Farms in the United Kingdom 82 Number and Destina- of the Emigrants from the • United Kingdom from 1840 to 1852 86 Nuns, various orders of 916 Ogle Sir Challoner . . 546 Ogles of Bothal 708 Ogles of Harbottle . . 624 Ogles of Causey Park 736 Ogles of Eglingham. . 647 Ogles of Ogle 644 Old & New Poor Laws 78 INDEX OF SUBJECTS, FAMILIES, AND PERSOKS. xm. Page Ordeals 47 Origin of Coal 110 Origin of Tithes .... 77 Ords of Whitfield . . 894 Osred 149 Order of Grandmout 914 Oswald 148 Oswio 148 Osric 140 Oswulf 149 Osbald 150 Parishes 76 ParliaraentaryBoroughs 74 PaiiUnus 50, 145, 147, 148 Parts of England In- habited by the Danes 51 Penda, King of Mercia 148 Percy's Cross 048 Percy, House of .... 593 PercyTenan try Column 599 Pettigrew William 543 Pickering George .... 805 Pilgrimage of Grace 60, 831 Pitmen, their Dwell- ings, Habits, and Peculiarities 133 Prior Richard 838 Poor I-aw Unions — Alnwick 598 Belford 570 BeUingham 855 Berwick 961 Castle Ward 549 Glendale 687 Haltwhistle 880 Hexham 838 Morpeth 750 Newcastle- on- Tyne 553 Eothbury 630 Tynemouth 474 Population of Great Britain, &c. from 1801 to 1851 82 Presbyterians 179 Prisons in Gt. Britain 83 Pytheas 18 Queen Anne's Bounty 77 Eadcliffe family 776 Eailway Traffic in 1854 1010 Eebellions of 1715 and 1745 62 Eedwald 140 Eeeds of Chipchase . . 798 Eeligion of the Celtic Eaces 19 Page Eeformation The 59 Eeligion of the Danes and Saxons 37 Eiddell Family, 014, 797, 808 Eidleys of Blagdon,and Heaton 554 Eitschell Eev. George 838 Elvers, railways, roads, &c 137 Eobert, Sou of the Con- queror 162 Eoddam Family 051 Eobin of Eisingham . . 800 Eoman government of Britain 22 Eoman Invasion .... 21 EoMAN Stations. 03], 041, 040, 073, 772, 777, 788, 800, 818, 871, 879, 889, 890 Eoman Wall 23 Eoman Eoads 38 Eotherham Eev. John 871 Sanctuary 47 Sanctuaries abolished 00 Saxon Invasion .... 39 Saxons, their manners and customs 40 Saxon Kingdoms , . . . 39 Saxon Slaves 43 Scots, or Irish 145 Scott Sir Walter 37 Selby Family 621 Sessional Divisions . . 72 Severus (Emperor) . . 144 Shaftoes of Benwell, 551, of Barrington, 815, Shires 68 Sidonius, Bishop of Clermont 39 Silk Trade 107 Silvertop Family 769 Snowdon Eobert 032 Spearman Family .... 778 St. Cuthbert's Coffin 930 St. John of Beverley. . 827 St. Paul Family 682 Stephenson George, Esq. 204 459 Stockdale Eev. Percival 584 Stowel Lord 223 Strathmore Countess of 551 Suppression of theMon- asteries 59 Sweyne, King of Denmark 53 Swinburne Sir John . . 805 TailboisFamily 629 Tanistry and Gavelkind 89 Tankerville House of 071 The False Alarm 956 Theodore, Archbiohop of Canterbury 285 Tilbert, Bishop of Hex- ham 828 Tin Islands 17 Tindale Family 871, 893 Tindale Ward 702 Tithes origin of .... 77 Tomlinson Eev. John, Charities of 636 Tostig 53 Trevelyans of Nether- witton 768, of Wall- ington 735 Trollope Eobert 155 Trything or Eiding . . 71 Tumbert 827 Turner WiUiam, M.D. 753 Turnpikes,Eailways,&c. 92 Tweddell John, M.A. 838 Union of England and Scotland 64 Union of Great Britain and Ireland 64 Unitarians 183 Umfraville Family 024, 787 Walbottle,Inundationat 543 Walcher Bishop, mur- der of 379 Wallace 163,830 Wallis, Eev. John.. .. 865 Waltheof, Earl of Nor- thumberland 629 Warkworth Hermitage 718 Warlike Weapons of the Britons 23 Watson Cuthbert 896 Wars of the Eoses . . 59 Widdrington Family. . 721 Wilfred, Bishop of York 825 William the Conqueror 54 William the Lion 592 William Eufus 162 Willie of the Wood .. 543 Willington Colliery, Ex- plosion at 529 Workhouses in Great Britain 83 Working and Manage- ment, Discipline and Duties of a Coal Mine 129 SEATS AND RESIDENCES OF TH: AND GENTRY NOBILITY Acomb House, 2 miles N. of Hexham, Simon Mewbura, Esq. V' Acton Hall, 11 miles N. of Morpeth, Eobt. Adams, Esq. '- ' Acton House, 11 miles N. of Morpeth, John H. Hincle, Esq. Adderstone Hall, 4 miles S. of Belford, unoccupied Alnbam Tower, 9 miles N.N.W, of Eoth- bury, Eev. George S. Thompson, Yicar of Alnbam Alnwick Castle, His Grace the Duke of Northumberland Angerton Hall, 7 miles W, of Morpeth, J. H< H. Atkinson, Esq. Arcot Hall, 7 miles N. by E. of Newcastle, Henry Shum Storey, Esq. Backworth House, 7 miles N.E. of New- castle, llev. H. Bunbury Bank House, 7 miles S. by E. of Alnwick, Thomas Tate, Esq. Barm cor Castle, 8 miles N. of Wooler, Henry Heathcoate, Esq. Barndale House, Alnwick, Hugh Moises, Esq., J.P. BaAington Hall, 11 miles N.E. of Hexham, James Delaval Sbaftoe, Esq. Beacon Grange, 1 mile S. of Hexham, Eev, W. J. 1). ^Yaddilove BeaufroDt, 2 miles N.W. of Corbridge, WiUiam Cuthbert, Esq., J.P. Belford Hall, 14 miles N. of Alnwick, Eev. John D. Clarke, IM.A. Belle Yue, Alnwick, George Selby, Esq. J.P. Belsay Hall, 9 miles S.W. of Morpeth, Sir C. M. L. ]\Ionck, Bart. Benridge House, 10 miles N.N.W. of New- castle, William E. Blackett, Esq. Benton (Long) House, 3 miles N.E. by N. of Nevi^castle, Mrs. Ann Atkinson t Benton House, 3 miles N.E. of Newcastle, Captain Potts and Edward Potts, Esq. Benton Lodge, 3 miles N.E. of Newcastle,i. ■\Yilliam Smith, Esq. Benwell Grove, 2 miles W. of Newcastle, Charles H. Cooke, Esq. Benwell House, 2 miles W. of Newcastle, W. Isaac Cookson, Esq. Benwell Lodge, 2 miles W. of Newcastle, John S. Challoner, Esq. Benwell Park, 2 miles W. of Newcastle, John P. Mulcaster, Esq. Benwell Tower, 2 miles YV". of Newcastle, George Anderson, Esq. Berrington House, 8 miles S. of Berwick, Mrs. Eleanor Grey Biddleston Hall, 8 miles W. of Wlntting- ham, Walter Selby, Esq. Bilton House, 3 milos S.E. by E. of Wark- worth, Thomas Tate, Esq. Birtley Hall, 11 miles N. by VY. of Hexham, Mrs. Erances Crowther Black Heddon House, 3 miles N. of Stam- forham, James Hepple, Esq. Blagdon Hall, 9 miles N. of Newcastle, Sir Matthew White Eidley, Bart. Blenkinsopp Hall, 2 miles W. of Halt- whistle, Colonel John B. Coulson Bolam Hall, 9 miles W\S.W^ of Morpeth, Lord Decies Bolam Yicarage, 9 miles W.S.W. of Mor- peth, Eev. Septimus Meggison, B.A. Bolton House, 6 miles W. of Alnwick Hunter Allgood, Esq; ' Brandon White House, 8 miles S. by E. of Wooler, John Davidson, Esq. Erinkburn Priory, 10 m.iles N.N.Yv'. of Morpeth, Major W. H. Cadogan Broom Park, G miles W. of Alnwick, Bryan Burrell, Esq. Erunton House, 5 miles N. by E. of Hex- ham, Eev. Charles Lee, M.A. Buclle House, 4 miles E. of Belford, Miss Anna Maria Grev Burroden Hall, 6 miles ^Y.N.W. of Roth- bury, Y/illiam Eorster, Esq. Buston Hall, 2 miles N. of Warkv/orth, Eoger Buston, Esq. SEATS AND EESIDENCES OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY. XV. V By well Hall, 4 miles S.E. of Corbridge, W. B. Beaumont, Esq. ^. Callaley Castle, 2 miles YV^.S.W. of Whit- tingham, Edward John Clavering, Esq Camp Yille, G miles W. by N. of Rotlibury, Augustus C. Forster, Esq. \^ Capheatoa Hall, 15 miles N.N.E. of Hex- ham, Sir John E. Swinburne, Bart. Carham Hall, 3 miles W.S.W. of Cold- stream, Mrs. Catherine Compton Carrycoats Hall, 12 miles N. by E. of Hexham, — G-eorge, Esq. Carville House, 3^ miles E. of Newcastle, Charles Eayne, Esq. v' Castle Yale Cottage, near Berwick-upon- Tweed, Alexander E. Lowrey, Esq. Causeway Park Hall, 6^ miles N. by W. of Morpeth Charlton Hall, 6 miles N. of Alnwick, William Spours, Esq. ^ Cheeseburn Grange, 12 miles W.N.Yv'. of Newcastle, Edward Eiddell, Esq. J. P. *- "Chesters, 5 miles N. by W. of Hexham, Nathaniel Clayton, Esq. Chillingham Castle, 4 miles E. by S. of Wooler, The Earl of Tankerville >^'" Chipchase Castle, 11 miles N. by Y^. of Hexham, E. W. Gray, Esq. -^ Chirton West House, 5| miles E. by N. of Newcastle, John Eebsou, Esq. V Christen Bank, 7 miles N. of Alnv/ick, George Dunn, Esq. Cliff House, -1 mile \Y. of North Shields, George John Fenwick, Esq. '- Close House, 8-| miles W. by N. of New- castle, Mrs. Margaret Bewick Coupland Castle, 5 miles N.W. of Wooler, The Earl of Durham Cowdon House, 8 miles N. by E. of Hex- ham, William Jobling, Esq. Cowpen House, 7 miles S.S.E. of Morpeth, W. H. M. Sidney, Esq. j^'~ Cowpen Hall, 7 miles S.S.E. of Morpeth, ^ Marlow John F. Sidney, Esq. J.P. Coxlodge Hall, 2^ miles N. of Newcastle, v John Anderson, Esq. a/ Cramlington Hall, miles N.N.E. of New- castle,. Hugh Taylor, Esq. i.>^ Craster Tower, 6 miles N. by E. of Alnwick, T. W. Craster, Esq. \/ Cresswell Hall, 9 miles N. E. by E. of Morpeth, A. J. Baker Cresswell, Esq. Croft House, near Alnwick, Eev. Charles Charlton, M.A. y- Denton Hall, 3 miles W. of Newcastle,. Eichard Hoyle, Esq, , Denton (West) House, 3^ miles W. by N. of Newcastle, George Angus, Esq. -Dissington (North) Hall, 9 miles N.W. of Newcastle, E. Collingwood, Esq. J.P. *Ditchburn West, G miles N.N.W. of Aln- wick, John F. Carr, Esq. Dilston House, 1 mile S.W. of Corbridge, John Grey, Esq. ' Eachwick Hall, 9 miles N.W. of Newcastle, Eobert Eeay Spearman, Esq. Eglinghara Hall, 7 miles N.W. of Alnwick, Major Eobert Ogle Ellerington Hall, 4§ miles W. of Hexham, William Lambert, Esq. Elliugham Hall, 7 miles S. by E. of Bel- ford, Sir Edward Haggerstone, Bart, Elsdon Tower, 20 miles W.N.W, of Mor- peth, Eey. John Baillie, rector of Elsdon IClswick House, ^ mile \V, of Newcastle, (See Newcastle) * Eshott Hall, J mile S. by E. of Felton, Thomas Brewis, Esq. Esiington House, 1^ mile W, of Whitting- ham, Hon. Henry T. Liddell, M.P. Etal House, 11 miles S.S.W. of Berwick, Lord F. Fitzclarence - Ewart Park House, 5 miles N. by W. of Wooler, Sir Horace St. Paul, Bart. Esiington Vicarage, 2 miles W. of Whit- tingham, Eev. Eobert Goodenough, M.A. Fallowden Hall, 7^ miles N. by E. of Aln- wick, Sir George Gray Featherstone Castle, 4 miles S.W. of Halt- whistle, John Clark, Esq. Felton Park, 10 miles N. of Morpeth, Thomas Eiddle, Esq. J.P. Fenham Hall, i mile W.N.W. of New- castle, Matthew Eobert Bigge, Esq. Flotterton House, 6^ miles W. fey N. of Euthbury, Mrs, Weallans Ford Castle, 13 miles S. by W. of Berwick, The Marquis of Waterford Forest Hall, 4 miles N.E, by N, of New- castle, F. W. Wilson, Esq. and John Hodgson, Esq. '- Fowberry Tower, 3§ miles E, of Wooler, George CuUey, Esq. Glanton House, 2 miles N. of Whittiug- hani. Captain Alexander Brown Glanton Pyke, 2 miles N. of Yv^hittingham, J. W, F. Collingwood, Esq. Gloucester House, ^ mile W. of Newcastle, Thomas Bell, Esq. Goldspink Hall, I mile N.E. of Newcastle, Peter Hansen, Esq. Gosforth House, 4 miles N. of Newcastle, Thomas Smith, Esq. Gosforth Low House, 3^ miles N. of New- castle, George Fenwick, Esq. XVI. SEATS AND RESIDENCES OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY. Greeiises House, 4 miles S. of Benvick, Edward Sibbit, Esq. Haggerston Castle, 7 miles S. by E. of Berwick, Lady Massey Stanley Halliwell Dean, f ™i^e E. of Hexham, George Marshall, Esq. Harbottle Castle, 22 miles S.E. of Morpeth, Percival Clennell, Esq. ^ Harehope House, 1 mile N,W. of Egling- ham, 0. A. Baker Cresswell, Esq. i Hauxley Cottage, 3 miles S.E. of Wark- worth, Henry M. Dand, Esq. \- Hazon House, 6 miles S. of Alnwick, John Hogg, Esq. Healey House, 4 miles S.W. of Bywell, Robert Orm^ton, Esq. - Heaton Hall, 1^ miles N.E. of Newcastle, A. L. Potter, Esq. Heckley House, near Alnwick, Mrs. A. Eenwick Heddon House, 8^- miles W.N.W. of New- castle, George Burden, Esq. Hedgley House, 4 miles N. by E. of Whit- tin gh am, Ealph Carr, Esq. V Hesleyside, 2 miles W. of Bellingham,, William Henry Charlton, Esq. High Warden, 2^ miles N. by W. of Hex- ham, John Ei-rington, Esq. Higham House, 10 miles N.W. of New- castle, Miss Mary Cook Bell High Seat House, 9 miles W.N.W. of New- castle, John Dobson, Esq. Hollin Hall, 2 miles E. by N. of Ovingham, Edward James, Esq. Hornchflfe Hall, 5 miles S.W. of Berwick. Houghton Castle, 0^ miles N. of Hexham, Wilham Smith, Esq. . Houghton Little, 3^ miles N.E. by E. of Alnwick, Henry P. Burrell, Esq. . Howick Hall, C miles E.N.E. of Alnwick, Earl Grey Humshaugh House, 5^ miles N. of Hex-; ham, George Carr, Esq. Ingram Pvectory, 9 miles S. by E. of Wooler, Eev. James Allgood, M.A. Jesmond, 1 mile N.N.E. of Newcastle,' Carl Lange, Esq. Jesmond Cottage, 1 mile N.N.E. of New- castle, Matthew Anderson. Esq. Jesmond Dean House, 1 mile N.N.E. of Newcastle, W. G. Armstrong, Esq. Jesmond, West, House, I mile N.N.E. of Newcastle, Eichard B. Sanderson Kenton Hall, 2 miles N. of Newcastle, Captain Samuel Barrett. Kenton Lodge, I§ miles N. of Newcastle, William Brown, Esq. Kielder Castle, 14 miles W.N.W. of Bel- lingham, The Duke of Northumberland. Killingworth House, 5f miles N.N.E. of Newcastle, Nathaniel G. Lambert, Esq. Kirkley Hall, 11 miles N.N.W. of New- castle, Eev. Edward C. Ogle Knaresdale Rectory, 7 miles S.W. of Halt • whistle, Eev. Henry Bewsher Lemington Hall, 4^ miles N. of Newcastle, John Spencer, Esq. Lemmington Hall, 4^ miles W. of Aln- wick, The Misses Davidson Lilburn Tower, 3 miles S.E. of Wooler, Edward J. Collingwood, Esq. Lindon House, 8 miles N. by W. of Mor- peth, unoccupied Little Harle Tower, 15 miles W. of Mor- peth, Thomas Anderson, Esq. Locker Hall, 3 miles N. by W. of Oving- ham, George Johnson, Esq. Long Hirst House, 3 miles N.E. by E. of Morpeth, Wilham Lawson, Esq. J. P. Longridge House, 3^ miles S.W. of Ber- wick, William Mather, Esq. Long Witton Hall, 9 miles W.N.W. of Morpeth, Edward S. Trevelyan, Esq. Lorbottle House, 4-| miles N. Idy W. of Eothbury, Adam Atkinson, Esq. Lowlin House, 7 miles S. of Berwick, Henry Knight Gregson, Esq. Matfen Hall, 15 miles W.N.W. of New- castle, Sir Edward Black ett, Bart. Meldon Park, 5 miles W. by S. of Morpeth, John Cookson, Esq. Middleton Hall, near Belford, John Hims- worth, Esq. Middleton Hall, 2i miles S. by W. of Wooler, George H. Hughes, Esq. Middleton Hall, 9 miles W. of Morpeth, Eobert Coull, Esq. Milburn Hall, 11 miles N.W. of Newcastle, Nathaniel Bates, Esq. Milfield Hall, 6 miles N.W. of Wooler, George A. Grey, Esq. Minster Acres Hall, 10 miles S.S.E. of Hexham, Henry C. Silvertop, Esq. Mitford Castle, 2^ miles W. of Morpeth, Mrs. Fanny Mitford Morpeth High House, 1 mile W. of Mor- peth, John Moor, Esq. Mor|3eth Rectory, ^ mile S.-of Morpeth, The Hon. and Eev. Francis R. Grey Morrick Hall, 2 miles W.S.W. of Wark- worth, Lieutenant-General Sir John Grey, K.C.B. Morris Hall, 1 mile N. by E. of Norham, Thomas Hodgson, Esq. SEATS AND KESIDENCES OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY, xvu. Monnces, 12 miles W.S.W. of Bellingliam, - Sir J. E. Swinburne Murton House, 3 miles N.W. of North Shields, Eobert Hansell, Esq. Netherton Hall, 4 miles S. by E. of Mor- peth, E. A. Fenwick, Esq., J.P. ^ Netber "Wittnn Hall, 8 miles N.W. of Mor- peth, Ealeigh Trevelyan, Esq. Newbum Hall, 5 miles W. by N. of New- castle, 3Irs. Elizabeth Hall Newton-by-the-Sea, 9 miles N.E. of Aln- wick, Joseph G. Forster, Esq. Newton Hall, 6 miles S. of Alnwick, Cap- tain Edward Widdriugton V Newton Hall, 13 miles W. of Newcastle, W. F. Blackett, Esq. Ninebanks, 4 miles W. by S. of Allendale, Matthew Lee and Parker Lee, Esqs. North Seatnn Hall, 7 miles E. by N. of Morpeth, William Watson, Esq. Nunnykirk Hall, 10 miles N.W. of Mor- . peth, Cbarles W. Ord, Esq. U- Nunwick Hall, 9^ miles N. by W. of Hex- ham, E. H. Allgood, Esq. Ord Middle, House, 1^ mile S.W. of Ber- wick, Mrs. Isabella Grey Ord House, 1^ mile S.W. of Berwick, James Grieve, Esq. V- Otterburn Dean, 3 miles W. of Elsdon. E. S. Coward, Esq. ■-.' Otterburn Tower, 3 miles W. of Elsdon, • Thomas James, Esq. Ovington Cottage, 1 mileW.N.W. ofOving- ham, Henry Hird, Esq. Pallinsburn HaU, 4-^- miles E.by S. of Cold- stream, unoccupied Parkend, 10 miles N. by W. of Hexham, John Eidley, Esq. ^ Pigdon Cottage, 3 miles N.W. by W. of IMorpeth, Aubone Surtees, Esq. Preston Tower, 8 miles N. of Alnwick, Miss Frances J, Craster ..- Prestwick Lodge, 6^ miles N.AV. of New- ; castle, Captain Chailes Shum Prudhoe Castle, f mile S.S.E. of Oving- ham, Mrs. Sarah Laws '- Prudhoe House, 1 mile S.S.E. of Oving- ham, John Joseph Humble, Esq. i^ Kedesdale Cottage, 7^ miles W.N.W. of Elsdon, Edward Lawson, Esq. ^. Eiding, 5J miles E.N.E. of Hexham, Thomas Dodds, Esq. Eiding House, 1^ mile S. by W. of Oving- ham, William Lyon, Esq. Eidley Hall, 6 miles E.hy S. of Haltwhistle, Mrs. Susan E. H.Davison Eochester Low, 7^ miles W.N.W. of Elsdon, William John Gray, Esq. Eock Hall, 5 miles N. of Alnwick, Eev. E. Bosanquet, J.P. .- Eoddara Hall, 6 miles S. by E. of Wooler, William Roddam, Esq. "Sandhoe House, 2^ miles E.N.E. of Hex- ham, Eowland Errington, Esq., J.P. Sanson Seal House, near Berwick, Mrs. Sarah Mary Forster Sandyford Lodge, Newcastle, Ealph Naters, Esq. Scotswood House, 3 miles W. of Newcastle, Mrs. Elizabeth Lister Seaton Burn House, 6 miles N. by E. of Newcastle, John Walker, Esq. Seaton Delaval Hall, in ruins, 11 miles N.E. of Newcastle - Shawdon House, 7 miles W. of Almvick, Mrs. Pawson Sheepwash, 5 miles E. of Morpeth, Eev. H. Hop wood, M.A., Eector of Bothal Shoston Hall, 6 miles E.S.E. of Belford, Eev. L. S. Ord, M.A. Shoston, New, 6 miles E.S.E. of Belford, E. G. Huggup, Esq. Sighill House, 7 miles N.N.E. of New- castle, Charles Carr, Esq. Shotley Hall, 11 miles S.E. of Hexham, Thomas Wilson, Esq. South Side, 2 miles W.N.W. of Warkworth, William Fenwick, Esq. - Spittle Hill House, 2 miles W. of Morpeth, Benjamin Bullock, Esq., J.P. Stagshaw House, 1 mile N.W. of Corbiidge, Mrs. Mary Crawhall Styford Hall, 2 miles S.E. of Corbridge, Charles B. Gre}', Esq. Swarland Hall, 12 miles N. of Morpeth, Joshua Blackburn, Esq. Swinburn Castle, 8 miles N. of Hexham, Captain J. B. Coulson Tillmouth House, 10 miles S.W. of Ber- wick, Sir Francis Blake. Bart. Titlington Hall, 6 miles W. by N. of Aln- wick, William J. Pawson, Esq. Togstone Hall, 2 miles S. of Warkworth, Thomas G. Smith, Esq. Trewitt House, 5 miles N.W. of Eothbury, unoccupied Tuggall Hall, 8 miles S.E. by S. of Belford, Mrs. Forster Twizell Castle, 10 miles S. W. of Berwick, Sir Francis Blake, Bart. Twizell House, 3^ miles S. of Belford, P. Selby, Esq., J.P. Ulgham Grange, 7 miles N.E. of Morpeth, Thomas L. Tindale, Esq. Unthank Hall, 2 miles E. by S. of Halt- whistle, Dixon Dixon, Esq. SEATS AND RESIDENCES OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTEY. Wallbottle Dean House, 4 miles W. of New- castle, William Glover, Esq. , ^ Wallbottle House, 4 miles W. of Newcastle, '^ Archibald Potter, Esq. ,>. Wallington Hall, J 1^ miles W. of Morpeth, Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, Bart. Walwick Hall, 5 miles N. of Hexham, John Ridlej^ Esq» , - Warkworth, 15 miles N.N.E. of Morpeth, John Clutterbuck, Esq. ./ Weetwood Hall, ^ mile E. of Wooler, Major John B. Ord V Westor Hall, 6^ miles N. of Hexham, George Smith, Esq. WhitleylHall, 2^ miles N/of North Shields, Mrs. Lydia Green Whitfield Hall, 12 miles W.S.W. of Hex- ham, WilUam Ord Esq. Whitley House, 2J miles N. of North Shields, John H. Fryer, Esq. Whitley Park, 3 miles N. of North Shields, unoccupied Whitton Tower, 15 miles N.W. of Morpeth, Eev. Charles G. V. N. Harcourt, Canon of Carhsle, and Eector of Eothbury Whorlton Hall, 5 miles N.W. of Newcastle, Mrs. Mary Colbeck Willington Lodge, 4 miles E. by N. of Newcastle, John Coutts, Esq. 'Woolsington Hall, 5^ miles N.N.W. of Newcastle, Matthew Bell, Esq. Wylam Hall, 10 mil^s W. of Newcastle, G. C. Atkinson, Esq. THE FOLLOWING CHANGES HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE NEWCASTLE DIBECTOEY SINCE THAT POETION OF THE WOEK WAS PEINTED. Bowman WilHam E. stationer, Nun's-gate, late Dean- yard. High Bridge Cumrains James, corn agent, 43, Sandhill ; ho. 15, Shield-street, Shield-field Leideraan & Co. general merchants, Sandhill, late Quay-side Harbottle Joha, draper, 17, Dean-street Eoach John, eating-house, Graiuger-street Smith James & Co. drapers, 25 & 27, Dean street, late Quay-side Scheele Wilham, com merchant, Sandliill, late Quay-side; ho. Framlington-place Thiedmann E. & Co. corn factors and corn merchants, 29, Sandhill, late Quay-side ; ho. Eavensworth-terrace, Gateshead Young Edward, notary pubhc, Grey-street, late Sandhill INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. It is a true and oft-repeated remark, that the Hag of England waves upon everv sea, and is known and respected in every land ; yet it is equally true that Britain, whose voice can command obedience alike on the hills of Syria and the plains of China, and, in couj unction with her gallant ally — France, on the banks of the Alma and the heights of Inkermann, wa,3 once as insignifi- cant and as little known as the aborigines of the South Sea Islands at the commencement of the last century. Britain was accidentally discovered by one of the ci^ilised nations, and -when the news became noised abroad, it was then sought by the natives of other countries, as the islands and continent of America were b}^ the companions and followers of Columbus. In this sketch of the general history of our country, we shall endeavour to set before the reader an outline of the manners and customs of our ancestors, convinced as we are that it is in these, and not in the battles and contests of our kings, that we must seek for the origin of the liberties and privileges which we now enjoy. Six centuries prior to the Christian era, at a period when the tin-mines of Spain began to be exhausted, the Phoenicians of Cadiz discovered certain islands where the metal was found in great abundance. To monopolise so valuable a branch of commerce, they carefully concealed the place from the knowledge of their neighbours ; and about five centuries before the birth of Christ, Herodotus candidly acknowdedged his inability to discover the real position of the " Tin Islands." Carthage, then in the pride of youth and power, had made repeated efforts to discover them, and, determined to be no longer baffled, fitted out two powerfid fleets, and placed them under the command of the celebrated brothers, Hanno and Himilco. Having passed through the Straits of Gibraltar, Hanno turned to the left, and explored the coast of Africa. Himilco, shaping his course to the north, crept along the Spanish coast, stretched, by accident-or design, across the ocean, and in the fourth month discovered the object of his search. In the fragments of his journal, preserved by Avienus, he caUs them the " ^Estrymnides ;" describes them as close to Albion, and two days sale from "the sacred isle of the Hibernians." He adds, that the inhabitants were accustomed to put to sea, 18 INTRODUCTOEY REVIEW. and trade from isle to isle, in boats built of dicker-work, and coveredVith hides. From this description, there can be little doubt that he alludes to the Scilly Islands. The success of the Carthaginians awakened the hopes of the Grecian colonists of Massilla (the present Marseilles), and Pytheas, their most cele- brated navigator, during bis voyage in the north seas, bad also the good fortune to discover the " Tin Islands." When tbe inbabitants of Marseilles and the Roman colonists of Narboune found means to share in the traffic, tbey conveyed the tin to the opposite shores of Gaul, and then overland to the Mediterranean. Wben Greek and Phoenician alike had sunk beneath the energies of Ptome, an active trade was still maintained with Gaul ; and wben the natives had acquired the knowledge of a more scientific process of mining from Crassus, the Roman, their peculiar metal became famous throughout the world, being conveyed, it would appear, across the Syrian deserts to the remote confines of Hindostan. From the scanty notices found in the Greek and Roman writers, from resemblance of language and manners, and from the traditions of the Irish and Welsh, it is agreed that the mass of tbe population of England, at the time preceding tbe Roman invasion, belonged to the great Celtic family, wbich had once overspread the greater part of Europe, and which still peopled Gaul, Britain, Ireland, and part of Spain. Of the form of government among the Britons, we know but little. All that we know with any degree of certainty is, that females were not excluded from political power ; that the succession in some cases depended on the will of a dying chief ; that sometimes a tribe was ruled by one, sometimes by several warriors, and that occasionally several tribes confederated under the guidance of a single leader. How far the people had any share in the government, or what were their various classes and privileges, are questions which have never been satisfactorily answered. Tacitus tells us that the Celts of Britain resembled those of Ireland, no less in theh manners and dispositions, than in their soil and climate ; and as we know that the Irish have always clung with the greatest tenacity to the manners and customs of their ancestors, we may reasonably suppose that the Irish institutions of the fifth and follow^ing centuries were similar to those of the Britons at a somewhat earlier period. The most prominent of the Irish institutions were those of the tanistry and gavelJdnd, the former of w-hich regulated tho different degrees of rank and dignity, while the latter regulated the laws of inheritance. The whole of the Irish population was divided into septs or clans, each under its own chief, who was called the Canjinny or Dynast. These chiefs did not always enjoy independence, but, in many instances, were subject to others who bore the title of kings. Of these kings, the most powerful bore the title of Ardriagh, and claimed sovereignty over the whole countiy. All these dignities, from the highest to the lowest, were regulated by the law of tanistry above mentioned. TJie heir-apparent or tanist, was elected by the votes of the sept, and, generally during the lifetime of the chief. The eldest of the name and family, if neither deformed nor degraded by cowardice or INTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW, 19 crime, had the best title. If the reigning family could not supply a proper person, the tanist was selected from the next branch or family. Quarrels and bloodshed were often engendered by this system. Every kingdom, every sept was divided by conflicting interests, and the place of election was often the scene of blood. The laws of inheritance and primogeniture were as little known in the distribution of lands as in that of titles and dignities. On the death of any proprietor, all the lands of the sept, to which he belonged, were surrendered to the canfinny, and were by him again shared out amongst all the men of the sept, without distinction of birth. Females were never allowed to become proprietors ; this species of gavelkind existed in remote pges among the Germans, and as late as the fourteenth century among the AVelsh. In Kent, and other parts of England, some traces of its existence, though in a modified form, may still be discovered. Of the rehgion of the Celtic races, our knowledge is principally derived from Greek and Roman descriptions of Gaul; of its actual condition in Britain, we seldom obtain even a passmg glimpse. The religion of the "natives appears to have been that of the Druids, whether it had been brought to them from Gaul, as is the more natural supposition, or, as Ceesar asserts, invented in the island. The Druids adored, under different names, the same gods as the Greeks and Romans. To these they added a multitude of local deities, the genii of the woods, rivers, and mountains. They regarded the oak and its productions as sacred ; to its trunk they bound the victim intended for sacri- fice, and its leaves they wore in chaplets on every solemnity. When it bore ^he mistletoe, two white heifers were immolated beneath its branches, a DruicT" then mounted the tree, and lopped the plant with a golden knife, while a second Druid, standing beneath, caught it in the folds of his robe, and a religious feast terminated the ceremonies of the day. The dwelling of the Druids was a hut or cavern in the most secluded part of the forest. There, in the middle of the day or night, the trembling votary of superstition w^as ad- mitted to offer his prayer, and listen to the oracles of the god. In peace they offered the fruits of the earth, and in v/ar they devoted to the god of battles the spoils of the energy. The cattle were slaughtered in his honour, and a pile, fonned of the rest of the booty, was consecrated as a monument of his powerful assistance. But, in the hour of danger or distress, human sacrifices were deemed the most efficacious. Impelled by a superstition, wdiich steeled all the feelings of humanity, tbe officiating priest plunged his dagger into the breast of the victim, and from the rapidity with which the blood issued from the wound, and the convulsions in which the sufterer expired, announced tlie future happiness or calamity of his country. To the veneration enjoyed by the British Druids from their priestly character, must be added the respect which the reputation of knowdedge never fails to extort from the ignorant. They professed to be the depositories of a myste- rious science, far above the comprehension of the vulgar, and their schools were open to none but the sons of illustrious families. Such was their fame, that the Druids of Gaul, to attain the perfection of the institute, did not disdain to study under their brethren of Britain. The Druids, we are informed, were 20 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. acquainted "v\'itli the Greek alphabet, which they probably learned from the Greeks of Marseilles. But to what use this knowledge was applied can only be a matter of conjecture, for it is certain, that to secure their doctrines from the uninitiated, they not only required profound secrecy, but, in a great measure, if not entirely, forbade the use of letters, communicating all their learning through the medium of verse. Of tenets thus anxiously concealed, it is not to be expected that much should be distinctly known. The follow- ing particulars have been collected from the few notices contained in the ancient historians, compared with the doctrines peculiar to the bards. The Druids discussed the nature and the providence of God ; the motions and influence of the stars, and the figure, size, formation, and final desti-iiction of the world. They practised divination, and professed to have some acquaintance with medi- cine and botany. They declared that the object of their order was "to reform morals, to secure peace, and to encourage goodness ;" to effect this they incul- cated obedience to the laws of God, kindness to man, and fortitude in all the vicissitudes of life. Man, according to them, is in a circle of courses ; good and evil are placed before him, if he choose the former, death places him in the circle of felicity, if the latter, his soul is doomed to animate the body of a beast or reptile, and again, that of a man, until it be sufficiently purified for its predes- tined happiness. The Druids observed four principal festivals, namely, — the first day of the year, which was then on the 1 0th of March, May-day, Midsummer-eve, and the last day in October. The bonfires which, in some places, are still lighted on those days, and the use of the mistletoe, are lingering traces of Druidism. Stonehenge is supposed by some to have been a temple of the Druids, while others, judging from the religious edifices of India, have ventured to call it a temple of Buddha. The principal abodes of the Druids were the two Monas,theislesof Anglesea and Man. Their name is sup- posed to have been derived from " Drui," a Celtic term for the oak. They were exempted from taxes, and from military service. In national assemblies their opinion was always asked and generally obeyed, and in trials, both civil and crimi- nal, they were the only arbiters. Those that refused to render them obedience were driven from the sacrifices, and put out of the protection of the law. The Druids are considered by some writers to have consisted of three classes ; Druids proper, vates, and bards. If such a division be not imaginary, the' offices peculiar to the two former are forgotten. The bards poured forth their hispirations to the sound of the harp — in the field their wild strains kindled the fury of battle in the souls of warriors — returning home, they sung, at the festal board, the praises of the living and the exploits of the- dead, and every bosom glowed with admiration of the heroes whom they celebrated, and of the sentiments which they aimed to inspire. Count Stolberg has drawn a singular comparison between the Brah- mins of India and the Druids of Britain. "I see between them but a single difterence ; it is that the order of Druids was not hereditary. Both adored the sun, the earth, the moon, the stars, and other gods that correspond to the Olympus of the Greeks. But above all these idols, they adored one single, Eternal Being, unknown to the Grecian mythology. Both taught the INTEODUCTORY EEVIEW. 21 immortality of the soul, both taught the destruction of the world by fire, aud its periodical renovations — both boasted of a peculiar intercourse with the gods, and both practised divination and magic — both had a language and writing, differing from the language and writing of the profane — both taught their disciples a great number of verses — both had the exclusive superintend- ence of worship, and offered to their idols a multitude of human victims — ■ both practised the art of medicine — -both were guardians and avengers of the law — both were known by their mystic wands, by their white garments, by their predilection for white — both erected vast temples, the circular outline of which like the temples of Mithra, in Persia, betokened the sun, and the oval sanctuary of which betokened the earth." Sach was Britain in its youngest days, savage, but free, idolatrous, but as yet untainted with the vices of Rome. The moment, however, was at hand when its savage freedom, and savage rites, were alike to terminate. Rome had heard of Britain and resolved to make it its prey. Julius Caesar, in the short space of three years, had conducted his victorious legions from the foot of the Alps to the mouth of the Rhine. From the coast of the Morini he could perceive the chalky cliffs of the neighbouring island, and the conqueror of Gaul aspired to the glory of adding Britain to the imperial dominions. The Britons, by aiding his enemies the Veneti, supplied him with a decent pretext for hostilities, and on the 26th of August, in the fifty- fifth year before the Christian era, Caesar sailed from Calais, with the infantry of two legions. To cross the strait was only the work of a few hours, but, when he saw the opposite heights crowned with multitudes of armed men, he altered his course, and steering along the shore, cast anchor before the spot now occupied by the town of Deal. The natives carefully followed the motions of the fleet, and by their gestures and shouts, bade defiance to the invaders. The appearance of the naked barbarians, and a superstitious fear of offending the gods of this unknovv^n world, spread a temporary alarm among the Romans, but after a short pause, the standard bearer of the tenth legion, calling upon his comrades to follow him, leaped with his eagle into the sea, detachments instantly poured forth from the nearest boats, the beach, after a short struggle was gained, and the untaught valour of the natives yielded to the arms and the discipline of their enemies. Caesar was able to effect little more than a landing, and after a stay of three weeks he went back to Gaul. In the following spring he returned, with 800 ships and an army of no less than five legions and 2,000 cavalry. He was opposed by Cassibelan, prince of the Cassii, who, avoiding a general engagement, lost no opportunity of annoying the invading army. After a desultory campaign, Caesar, wear_^ of a profitless war and uneasy at the hostile appearance of the Gauls, received hostages, and a promise of tribute from Cassibelan, and abandoned the island for ever. Although alarmed by the Roman attack upon their sea-girt isle, the Britons remained secure and undisturbed for nearly si century, until the reign of Claudius, when the island was again invaded, and after many vicissitudes of fortune and a resistance of long duration, in which were most conspicuous the cherished and well remembered names of Boadicea, queen of the Icenians, 23 IXTEODUCTOEY BE VIEW. Caractacus, king of the Silmians, and Galgagus, king of the Caledonians, the principal portion of Britain was subjected to the Romans who immediately introduced their own laws and language. During the time that the Eomans and Britons were contending, with varying success, — the former for universal dominion, the latter for " their altars and their homes," — it must necessarily have happened that excesses should be perpetrated, with violent confiscations of the lauds of different British chiefs. These spoliations were not, however, by any means general. It is probable that they entirely ceased after the reign of the Emperor Claudius, and, when Caracalla granted to all provincials the privileges of Roman citizens, the Britons enjoyed their estates unmolested. Indeed we find some of their chiefs not only confirmed in their possessions, but that these possessions were increased by the Romans, who, as the old writers inform us, gloried in the vassalage of ancient sovereigns. Thus the British chiefs who remained faithful to their conquerors were made sovereigns of principalities, ruling them according to their ancient customs, and only rendering homage to the Roman governor, who took the place of the former monarch. In these times of ease, the island of Britain grew up to great civilisation, refinement, and splendour. Monu- ments of Roman magnificence filled the country, the arts were cultivated, eloquence expanded its powers in the polite language of Rome, and the ruins of the temples, the theatres, and the baths of that era, excite at the present time our wonder and admiration. The peaceful and prosperous days of Britain continued until the departure of Constantine, who is supposed to have been of British blood, about the year 408. Antecedent to this period, the Saxons from the Elbe, the Weser, and the shores of the Baltic, had made frequent descents upon the coasts of Bri- tain, so that a Roman ofiicer was appointed, who bore the title of Comes Lit oris Saxon joer BritcuDdam, and whose duty it was to guard what was called the Saxon shore, or that lying most exposed to their depredations. ^ The first large party of Saxons which landed in England, was that led by Hengist and Horsa, who made their appearance about the year 455. It seems that Aurelian, or Aurelius Ambrosius, a descendant of one of the Roman emperors who had ruled in Britain, was a claimant for the government of the island, and that, in order to resist his pretensions, as also to oppose the hordes of Scots and Picts which were now pouring into Britain, carrying devastation and terror wherever they appeared, Vortigeru, a British king, invited over the Saxon Jutes in 449. These auxiliaries, at first, did good service to the Britons, but jealousies very soon arose, and the two nations engaged in open war. The Saxons were at times driven to their ships, but being reinforced by numbers of their countrymen from the continent, they slowly but surely penetrated to the heart of the country, and in 586 had established the Heptarchy, or rather the Octarchy, for there were eight, not seven, kingdoms founded during the Anglo-Saxon period. After this time we find the Britons occasionally siding ^vith one or other of the three invading tribes, who were con- tinually at war vith each other for the supremacy. The Druidical faith endured long and lastingly among the Britons, who INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. S3 reluctantly submitted to the doctrines of Christianity, v/hicli were only at first received by the higher class of Eomauised Britons, although it would appear that the inhabitants of London and Yerulam profitted by the zeal of Pope Eleutherius and the piety of Lucius, the British king. The warlike weapons of the ancient Britons were the bow, arrows headed with flint, an oaken club, and a spear or javelin. The Britons of the interior, who seem to have been more civilised than the others, carried the tarian, a circular flat shield, rather more than two feet in diameter, having a large boss in the centre. It was m.ade of a mixture of copper and tin. Their other weapons were a rude spear, and a battle-axe, very simiJar to the tomahawk of Ihe American Indians. In addition to the infantry, the Britons possessed cavalfy, and war chariots armed with scythes affixed to the wheels ; the latter carried, at first, great terror amongst the veteran soldiers of Rome. When alarmed by the approach of an enemy, the Britons placed their wives, chil- dren, and cattle iu the entrenchment or citadel thrown up by each tribe. Besides these strongholds, the British armies threvv up hastily -formed circular entrenchments on the advance or retreat of an enemy, and which, like the Roman castra, consisted of a single vallum and ditch, The term given to these was Caer, from the word Cae, which means, both in the British and Irish languages, "an enclosure," and is the origin of the Saxon Ceaster, Cester, Clstcr, and Chester, for, as the British and Roman entrenchments were alike in form, the British term was also applied to the Roman castra by the inhabitants. ROMAN REMAINS. Many striking evidences of the stupendous public works accomplished by the Romans during then- residence in this country still remain. In no part of the world are there such evident traces of the march of the imperial legions as in Britain. In its northern parts especiahy, the footprints of the conquerors of the world are very distinct, and Wallis justly observes that " Northumberland is Roman ground."- No monument in England can be compared to the " Great Wall," the becoming offspring of the race whose name filled the earth. The Roman emperors bestowed extraordinary attention on their public roads and walls, and at a distance of 1400 years, we can trace, in legible characters, the labours of the " mistress of the world." The Great Roman Wall. — About A.D. 81, JuHus Agricola, in order to protect the northern limits of the Roman territories in Britain, against the incursions of the Caledonians, extended an artificial rampart or valhnn, consisting of a chain of forts, across the island, from Tyuemouth to Bowness, a distance of about 74 miles, in a parallel line with the northern shores of the Tyne and Irthing; and, in the year 121, Hadrian commanded a more formid- able rampart or military fence to be raised, which was carried on from the Sol- way Frith to Wallsend, on the Tyne, nearly four miles below Newcastle. This great fortification consisted of three parts, viz :— A stone wall, strengthened 24 INTEODUCTORY REVIEW. by a ditch on its northern side, a turf wall, or vallum, to the south of the stone wall, and stations, castles, watch-towers, and roads, for the accommoda- tion of the military who manned the barrier, and for the safe and quick transit of military stores. The latter were situated, for the most part, between the stone wall and the earthen rampart. These works proceeded from one side of the island to the other in a nearly direct line, and in comparative close com- panionship. The stone wall and earthen rampart were generally within sixty or seventy yards of each other, but the nature of the country through which they passed caused the distance to vaiy considerably. In some places they were very close, whilst in others they were more than half a mile apart. Midway between the seas, the country attains a considerable elevation ; here the stone wall was built upon the highest ridges, while the vallum ran along the valley. Both works were, however, so arranged as to afford each other the greatest amount of support which the nature of the country allowed. Throughout the whole of its length, the wall was accompanied on its northern margin by a broad and deep fosse, which, by increasing the comparative height of the wall, would add greatly to its strength. This portion of the barrier may still be traced, with trifling interruptions, from sea to sea. The size of the fosse in several places is still considerable. To the east of Heddon-on-the-Wall, it measures thirty-four feet across the top, and nearly nine feet deep, and as it descends the hill from Carvoran to Thirlwall, it measures forty feet across the top, four- teen across the bottom, and is ten feet deep. Westward of Tepper Moor is a portion which, reckoning from the top of the mound on its northern margin, has a depth of twenty feet. Many historians ascribe the building of this stone wall to Severus. The vallum, or turf wall, was uniformly to the south of the stone wall. It consisted of three ramparts and a fosse. One of these ramparts was placed upon the southern edge of the ditch, the two others, of larger dimensions, stood, one to the north, and the other to the south of it, at the distance of about twenty-four feet. The ramparts, in some parts of the line, stand, even at present, six or seven feet above the level of the surrounding ground. They are composed of earth, mingled, not unfrequently, with masses of stone. The fosse of the vallum is of a character similar to the fosse of the stone wall, but judging from present appearances, its dimensions have been rather less. The stations on the line of the wall were military cities, adapted for the residence of the chief who commanded the district, and providing secure lodgment for the powerful body of soldiers under his command. The stations were not placed at regular distances from each other, but stood, generally, thickest near both ends and the middle of the wall, probably on account of those places being considered more exposed to danger. They were uniformly quadrangular in shape, though somewhat rounded at the comers, and contained an area of from three to five acres. They were enclosed by a stone wall five feet in thickness, and were, probably, in every instance strengthened by a fosse, and one or more earthen ramparts. In addition to the stations, castella were provided for the use of the troops who garrisoned the wall. They have been called, in modern times, "mile INTRODtlCTOny EEVIEW, 25 castles," from tlie circumstance of their being usually placed at the distance of a Roman mile from each other. They were quadrangular buildings, differ- ing somewhat in size, but usually measuring from sixty to seventy feet in each direction. With two exceptions, they have been placed against the southern face of the wall. These castella have generally had but one entrance gate, which was of very substantial masonry, and was uniformly placed in the centre of the south wall. Between the castella, four subsidiary buildings, generally denominafe^d turrets or luatch-towers, were placed. They w^ere little more than stone sentry boxes, containing an interior space of eight or ten feet square. Though small buildings, they were, like all the works of the Romans, built for perpetuity. Hodgson found the walls of one near Bird Oswald to be nearly three feet thick. But these arrangements were not enough ; without roads, one important element in the strength of this great barrier would have been wanting. It had its military way, which is usually about seventeen feet wide, and is composed of rubble so arranged as to present a rounded surface, elevated in its centre twelve or eighteen inches abore the adjoining ground. When carried along the slope of a hill, the hanging side is made up by large kerb stones. In most places where it still remains, it is completely grass grown, but may, notwithstanding, be easily distinguished from the neighbouring ground by the colour of its herbage, the dryness of the substratum allowing the growth of a finer description of plant. For the same reason a sheep-track generally runs along it. For the accommodation of the soldiery, the road went from castle to castle, and so, from station to station. In doing this it did not always keep close to the wall, but took the easiest path between the required points. In traversing the precipitous grounds between Sewing-shields and Thirlwall, the ingenuity of the engineer has been severely tried, but most successfully has he performed his task. Whilst, as previously observed, the wall shoots over the highest and steepest summits, the road pursues its tortuous course from one platform of the rock to another, so as to bring the traveller from mile-castle to mile-castle by the easiest possible gradients. Although the road, now described, has probably been the only carriage way between the two great lines of fortification, another situated to the south of them, has afforded direct communication between some of the inland stations. From Ctlurnum to Magna, the wall form& a curved line, in order to gain the highest hills of the district. For the accommodation of those whose business did not require them to call at any intermediate points, a road went like the string of a bow, direct from the one station to the other. This road went near the modern village of Newburgh, where Roman remains are occasionally found, and passed by the north gate of Vindolana, Chesterholme, near to which a Roman mile-stone still stands. It is probable that this Roman military way was further continued, south of the wall, direct to Stanwix. These numerous stations, castella, and towers, required a considerable body of troops to garrison them, and the following figures show the usual iiumber of men engaged in this service, viz.; — B 2 26 INTEODUCTORY REVIEW. Twelve cohorts of Foot, consisting of 600 men each 7,200 One cohort of Mariners, in the sta.tion of Bowness 600 One detachment of Moors, probably about 600 Four alee, or wings of Horse, of 400 each 1,600 Total number of men _.. 10,000 Segedunum, now Wallsend, occupies the first place in the list of stations given in the Notitia, and was garrisoned bj the iirst cohort of the Lingones. This station covered an area of three acres and a-half. In Dr. Horsley's time, the ramparts were distinctly visible, and there were evident remains of three turrets at its western, eastern, and southern corners. At present, the north fosse of the wail may be traced in the vicinity of Carville Hall, the " Cousin's House" of Horsley, and a gravelled path for some distance occupies the site of the wall. Vestiges of the ditch are still perceptible behind the Methodist Chapel, but beyond that it is quite obliterated. The ramparts of the northern section of the station have entirely disappeared, but a grassy mound, risiug above the general level of the soil, plainly shows the situation of the southern portion. Yfe may still recognise the continuation of the eastern wall of the station down the bank to the edge of the river, not only by the gentle elevation which it forms, but by the fragments of Roman mortar, Eoman tiles, and coarse-grained sandstone not proper to the district, which may be found on it. The ruins of the suburban buildings may be traced by the undulations which mark the surface of the ground to the north and east of the site formerly occupied by the station. The fosse which defended the. eastern rampart may still be distinguished, and generally contains a little vrater. The western side of the camp vras protected by an extensive natural valley, which some years ago was partly filled np in order to form the waggon .way, which, proceeding from Wallsend Colliery, seems to enter the station by its western portal, and to leave it by its eastern, exactly following the via princijjaUs of the camp. Of the north division of the station, the only trace now remaining consists of the road leading from Segedunum to the outposts at Blake Chesters and Tyuemouth. This causevvay extends from the station to the north of the Shields Railway, and is formed of a mass of rubble, about tv;o feet deep by eleven yards wide. It cannot be ploughed, and nothing that requires any depth of earth will grov/ upon it. Four centurial stones, and an altar dedicated to Jupiter, have been found here, together with large quantities of horns and bones of various animals, fragments of pottery, Roman tegula, coins, rings, and other remain s. By means of its northern fosse, the course of the wall may be distinctly traced from this station to Bjd^er, and the road, which is seen stretching in a straight line up the hill to the latter place, indicates the direction of the wall, which stood on the south side of the present road. Between Byker and New- castle, all traces of the wall are nov7 nearly destroyed. One of the castella formerly occupied the bank overlooking the Ousebura, which was crossed by the wall, about one hundred and fifty yards south of the present railway TNTEOBUCTORY EEVIE^Y. S7 viaduct ; but liere we lose sight of it, not being able to trace its course through Xewcastle with much accuracy. A recent writer gives the following descrip- tion of its route, as the most probable: — " Kising from the western bank of the Ouseburn, it traversed the north side of Stepney-bank, passed through the gardens at the Red Barns, along the site of the present Melbourne-street, and, proceeding behind the Keelmen's Hospital, came to the sallyport. Thence the wall went over the crest of the hill still called Wall-Knowle, where its foundations were turned up about the middle of the last century. It crossed Pandon Dean on the north side of the locality called the Stock Bridge, and, in its western course, ascended the steep hill, on whose summit All Saints' Church now stands. Crossing Pilgrim-street a little above Silver-street, the course of the wall is indicated by the present narrow street called the Low Bridge. Lelaud tehs us that the church of St. Nicholas stood on the Picts' wall, which, after leaving the church, crossed Collingwood- street in an oblique direction, and, passing by St. John's Church, the Vicarage House, and the Assembly Rooms, reached the town wall somewhat to the north of the site occupied by the ancient West-gate. Pons ^lii, the second station on the wall was garrisoned by the Coliors Cornoviorum. The Rev. J. C. Bruce thus defines the limits of this station: — • " The v/all passing through the site of St. Nicholas's Church w^ould of course be its northern boundary. A line coming from the church, and adapting itself to the crest of the hill that overhangs Dean-street, crossing the Head-of-the-Side and stretching as far as the elevated angle on which the County Courts now stand, will probably mark its eastern boundary. The southern rampart would run from this angle along the edge of the cliff overhanging the Close as far as the site of the White Friar Tov^-er, which stood at the head of the present Hanover-street, the western wall may have run in the line of the Town Wail, as far as Neville Tower, and then have struck up in a straight line to meet the great wail. Westward of this boundary, the ground slopes down to the Skinner Burn. If these lines are correctly drawn Roman Newcastle would contain sixteen acres." Several discoveries have determined the ground which the Romans occupied here. In February, 1810, while digging the foundations of the Moot Hall, several antiquities were discovered. At the depth of about five feet from the surface, a well of Roman masonry was found near the edge of the bank, and about the centre of the present building. In order to raise it to the requii-ed level, a very strong wall in the form of a trapezium, and enclosing about ten square yards, had been constructed on frame vfork of oaken beams, fixed perpendicularly and horizontally in the river's bank, and filled uj) within and without with clear blue clay. These beams were in good preservation, and near the bottom of two of them, that were placed perpendicularly, stags' horns of great size and thickness were found. Two Roman altars were found near the north-east corner of the Court House, and large quantities of Roman pottery, two copper coins of Antoninus Pius, and a part of a richly fluted Corinthian column, were also discovered. Near the altars were found a small axe, a concave stone, bearing marks of fire, split and with thin flakes of 28 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. lead in the fissures, also fragments of millstones, and foundations of walls, firm and impenatrable as the hardest rock. In cutting the crest of the hill in front of the castle for one of the piers of the railway viaduct, a small stone figure of Mercury was found, and is now pre- served in the museum of the castle. Between the years 1840 and 1844, the White Friar Tower, and the contiguous portions of the Town Wall of New- castle were removed, when two Koman altars were discovered, which are now in the possession of the Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle. Several coins were also found. The station of Pons ^lii was connected by a bridge across the Tyne with a Roman road which proceeded from the south bank of the river to Chester-le- street, and thence to the south of England. In 1771 a flood having carried away several of the arches of the bridge which then existed, and materially damaged the rest of the structure, it was found necessary to erect a new one. In clearing away the rubbish of the bridge, the stones were so firmly cemented together, that they were obliged to be separated by mall and hammer, and on disjoining two stones, they discovered a parchment, with old characters which were very legible but on being e:tposed to the air they disappeared and the parchment crumbled away. This bridge had been built on the old Roman foundations, as appeared by several coins and medals of Trajan, Had- rian, and other emperors, being discovered in the ruins of the old piers. Newcastle is said to have derived its name of Pons ^lii from the Emperor Hadrian, who was of the ^lian family. Between Newcastle and Benwell-hill, the traces of the works are faint, but interesting. The turnpike road runs upon the bed of the prostrate wall, so that, except occasionally in a neighbouring building, not one stone of it is to be seen. A kind of depression, which runs nearly all the way parallel with the road, on the traveller's right hand, shows pretty clearly the situation of the north fosse. The course of the vallum may be recognised with tolerable certainty, on the left of the road. A small, but well defined, portion of it is met with immediately after leaving the town, behind a row of houses, which bears the appropriate name of Adrianople. CoNDEEcuM. — x\bout two milos from Newcastle and near the modern village of Benwell stood the third station of the line, Condercum. The present turn- pike road runs through it, occupying, in all probability, veiy nearly the site of its ancient via principalis. The traces of this station have almost disappeared, and it is only by a careful scrutiny that its site can, with any degree of certainty, be ascertained. A general elevation, caused probably by the ruins of the ancient fort, shows the position of the ramparts, to wliich, on the eastern and western sides, the wall came up, but did not pass through, the northern wall of the station itself being a sufficient defence in that direction. About a third of the station was to the north of the line of the wall, the remaining two- thirds were within it. The vallum, Horsley tell us, fell in with the southern rampart. The quantity of Ptoman pottery, which has been discovered in the northern portion of the camp, is very remarkable, fragments may be seen at every step. The southern part of the station is enclosed within the waUs of INTEODrCTORY REVIEW. 29 Benwell Park, the inequalities of whose grassy surface unmistakeably point out the lines of the streets, and the position of the principal buildings which once adorned this camp. Near its centre is a grassy mound which would probably repay examination, and the remains of the southern rampart, and its fosse are still very distinct. Two hypocausts have been discovered in connexion with this station — one within its walls, to the south side of the road, and between forty and fifty feet from the eastern rampart — tbe other without them, and about tlrree hundred yards to the south-west. Several inscribed slabs and small altars have been found here, the most important one of which is preserved in the Rectory of Ryton. Among the altars was one very fine one dedicated to Jupiter Dolichenus, a deity worshipped by miners. Coins of Trajan, and several other emperors, have been found here, and also a great conduit made of hewn stones. This station was garrisoned by the Ala Prima Astnrum. Leaving Condercum we resume our progress westward. The road for some miles running upon the base of the wall, and the north fosse maybe distinctly traced on the right of the road. At Denton Burn there is a piece of the stone wall, and a little east of Hedden-on-tbe-wall another piece with the facing stones on the north side. Passing the eighth milestone, where the vallum is in good condition, we arrive at the fourth station of the wall, a road, crossing the turnpike at right angles, is close to its western rampart. YiNDOBALA, the present Piutchester, is situated upon flat ground, but com- mands a considerable prospect. It w^as garrisoned by the first cohort of the Frixagi, a people about whom we possess no knowledge. The vallum seems to have joined this station in a line with its southern rampart, and the ditch on the south side is still tolerably distinct. Vindobala covered an area of about five acres, the wall started each way from the north side of its east and west gates, so that a greater portion of the station lay on the north than on the south side of it. At present, the turnpike road runs between these portions, that on the north has been ploughed and three of its sides sloped into the ditch, its general outline may, however, be distinguished The surface of the southern part is very irregular, with heaps of ruins covered with sward. On the brow of the hill, west of the station, is a large cistern hewn out of the solid rock. "When found, it was divided into two compartments by a partition of masonry, and contained some decayed bones, teeth, and vertebrae, and an iron implement very similar to a three-footed candlestick. Several centurial stones, a broken statue of Hercules, silver fibulae, coins of the lower empire, and bricks inscribed L.E.G-. VI. V. have been found here. In 1766, two poor labourers found, at Castlestead, near this station, an urn full of gold and silver coins. In the immediate vicinity of this spot, three fine Roman altars were discovered in 1844. A portion of the great wall is still to be seen at the village of Harlow-hill, and to tbe west of it, a centurial stone was found, inscribed L.E.G. II, A.V.G.F. The north fosse is here very distinct, form- ing a deep groove on the south side of the road leading to this village. HuNNUM, or Halton Chesters, as it is called by Horsley, is nearly one unbroken sweep of luxuriant vegetation. It was garrisoned by the Ala 30 TNTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW. Saviniana. The turnpike road, keeping the line of the wall, crosses this station from the site of the eastern to that of the western gateway. The section, nortli of the highway, was brought into caltivation about twenty years ago, when large quantities of beautiful!}^ squared and chiselled stones were removed. The portion south of the road has a gentle slope, and a fair exposure to the sun. Not having been recently ploughed, the lines of the outer entrench- ments and ditches may be observed with considerable distinctness. During some excavations which were made here a few years ago, the remains of a building, oiie hundred and thirty-two feet in length, were discovered. Yarious inscribed and sculptured stones have been found here, as also several busts of emperors and empresses, showing very clearly the attention w^hicli the ancient inhabitants of Hunnum paid to the decoration of the camp A little to the west of this station, the ancient Watling-street intersects the wall at the point v.iiere there was formerly a castellum, no trace of which now remains. A little further to the south is Portgate, a border tower. Opposite the seventh milestone both ramparts may be clearly traced, especially the ditch of the wall, which is broad, deep, and sharp. In descending the hill towards Chollerford Bridge, several yards of the xmW remain. A stone, inscribed to the second legion, v/as found here, and a little belovv^ Chollerford Mill, the Tyne has been crossed by a stone bridge, whose remains may yet be seen when the water is low and the surface smooth. There seems to have been three piers, of considerable size and solidity, set diagonally to the stream. The stones composing them are large, regularly squared, and fastened with metallic cramps. Lirisholes, indicating the mode in which they have been lowered into their bed, appear in several of them. CiLURNUM, or Walwick Chestees, stands on the sloping ground on the western bank of the North Tyne. This station has, as usual, the form of a parallelogram, the corners being slightly rounded off, and contains an area of six acres, which, at the latter part of the last century, was covered with the ruins of buildings, which had apparently stood in straight, narrow streets ; and, although the surface of the station has since been levelled and made smooth, in order to fit it for its use as a part of the park, yet its ramparts and fosse, the wall and vallum as they approach and lea^ e it, may all be distinctly discerned. Remains of great interest were found in this station. One of these is an underground vault of rough masonry, situated near the middle of the camp. The following extract from Hodgson's description of it will give a tolerably correct idea of this curious structure: — " This vault, when it was first found, was supposed to have been the jSrarium of the station. Between the joinings of the floor, which were of thin freestone flags, were found several counterfeit denarii, both of copper and iron plated with silver. The approach to it was by four descending steps, the lowest of which was a large centurial stone, which had borne an inscription, but nearly all of it had been purposely erased. On the outside of the threshold was found, in a sadly decayed state, its original door of wood, strongly sheathed with plates of iron, and the whole firmly rivetted together with large square nails. Within the door, which had opened inw^ards, the end wall was two feet thick, plastered and painted. Its TXTEODUCTORY EEVIEW. 31. internal area is six feet by inre, and its height to the crown of the arch six feet four inches." In a grove behind this station there is a good specimen of the wall and its ditch, and near it was discovered a broken statute of fine grained freestone, which is generally supposed to have been meant for Cybele, the mother of the gods. A remarkable tablet may also be seen here, which, from what remains of its mutilated inscription, appears to have been erected by the second wing of the Astures, the garrison of the station, to commemorate the rebailding of a temple ruined by age. The sepulchral stones, now at Walwick Grange, were found between that place and Chesters. Again we bend our steps westward. Ascending the hill which leads to Walwick, we distinctly perceive the earth works on our left, and as we mount the next hill, called Tower Tay, they are still very conspicuous. At the summit, the ditches of both wall and vallum are cut through the native rock of which the hill consists, and are in excellent order. Peocolitia, now called Caeeawbuegh, is the seventh stationary camp on the line of the wall, and^wasjgarrisoned by the Cohors Prima Batavorum There is little to engage our attention in this station. The course of its ramparts and moats can be easily traced, and the rich green sward of its area is seen to cover numerous irregular heaps of ruins ; every building, however, is pros- trate, scarcely one stone is left upon another. Two beautiful altars, now in the Durham Library, were found amongst the ruins at this station. One of them confirms the Notitia, in placing the first Bataviau cohort here, and the other is a dedication " to the welfare of the Koman people, by Caius Julius Rcfiticus, a centurion in the sixth legion." There was also a fractured slab found here in 1838. On this mutilated stone, the words coh i batavoevm are quite distinct. About half a mile south-west of Carraw, upon an eminence, is a large square fort, called Broom Dykes. Sewing Shields Castle was mis- taken by Camden for the station of Hunnum, but all subsequent antiquarians are of opinion that it is no older than the times of the Moss-troopers. The^next point of interest is Busy Gap, a broad basin-like recess in the mountain ridge, about a mile from Sewing Shields. It is traditionally said to derive its name from the many contests that have taken place at it between the Romans and the Caledonians. The wall here being- more than usually exposed, is ^not only strengthened with the fosse common in the low grounds, but has the additional protection of a rampart of triangular form, to the north of this. The place of the wall is at present occupied by a common stone dyke. BoEcovTcus, OE HousESTEADs, the station of the Cohors Prima Tungorum^ contains an area of nearly five acres. " This " says Gordon, " is unquestionably the most remarkable and magnificent station in the whole island." Dr. Stukely emj)hatically calls it the " Tadmor of Britain." The altars and sculptured figures which lay in profusion on the ground when Gordon and Stukely visited this place, have been removed, but the ruins of the place remain as complete and vast as ever. It stands on the brink of a rocky eminence, whose western declivity is formed into flights of broad terraces. The wall forms its northeni- boundary, and the vallum, it is probable, came to the support of its southern 1 o2 I>;TE0DUCT01tY REVIEW. rampart. It is naturally defended on all sides except the west, and in order to protect this side the gateway seems to have been walled up at an early period, and a triple line of ramparts dravrn along it. The city is, in a great measure, covered with its own debris, but the excavations which have recently been made, show us that vdien they are continued throughout the entire station, the ancient Borcovicus will be the Pompeii of Britain. lis suburbs have been very extensive, their ruins are quite visible on the east, south, and west sides of the station, and traces of buildings are discernible on the south- west, to the distance of two miles and a half. In a valley to the south is a small sandstone ridge, called Chapel Hill, from the idea that a temple stood upon it. Two fine altars were found here. In June, 1823, some workmen were employed by Mr. Gibson, the proprietor of this station, to build a dry stone fence, and had permission from him to dig up for that purpose any loose stones or old walls, on condition that they neither used nor desToyed any thatv/ere inscribed or curiously carved. After removing a few loose stones near the surface, they struck upon the top of an altar. The perfect state of its finely-carved horns and incense basin, induced them to remove the soil and rubbish from around it vdth the greatest caution, and in the progress of this curious and careful investigation, they found the spot in which they were working bounded by four walls of common masonry, v/hich enclosed a rectangular area of 1 20 square feet. Three large inscribed altars, a stone, bearing the signs of the zodiac, and the remains of several sculptured figures, were found in this place, which appears to have been an artificial cave dedicated to the worship of the god Mithras. The greater portion of the remains found here are preserved by the Antiquarian Society of Newcastle. As we continue our journey westward, we find the wall in a good state of preservation, not unfrequently exhibiting five, six, and even seven courses of facing stones. The vallum is generall}^ very boldly developed, and runs for several miles in the valley, completely commanded by the hill upon which the wall stands. ViNDOLANA, now LiTTLE Chestees, the station of the Cohors Quarto Gallorum, lies considerably to the south of the lines of the barrier. It stands upon a partially detached eminence, surrounded, at some distance, by more elevated hills, and is naturally defended on all sides except the west, whilst the summits of the surrounding heights afford it a degree of shelter which would be peculiarly grateful to the natives of southern Europe, by whom it was garrisoned. The walls, ditches, and gateways of the station are all discern-B ible. The ruins of a bath were discovered about fifty yards from the west side* of the ramparts. Several inscriptions and figures have been found here, and on the line of the ancient road which skirts the northern rampart of the camp stands a mile-stone, at the spot where it was placed by the soldiers of Agricola or Hadrian. It is upwards of six feet high, and is nearly two feet in diameter. There are traces of an inscription on its western face, but it is now quite illegible, and in its neighbourhood is a tumulus of considerable size. Several fine altars were discovered here. On a neighbouring hill, near the modern ( INTEODUCTOKY REVIEW. 83 militaiy road stand two large stones, called " the mare and foal." Tradi- tion says there were formerly three, and some have thought them to be the remains of a Drudical circle. On the line between this station and the next, in the vicinity of Cawfield's Fami, we find the most perfect castel- lum remaining on the wall. It was formerly nearly covered with its own ruins, but recently the accumulated rubbish has been removed. The building is a parallelogram, with the corners at its lower side rounded oif ; it measures inside sixty-three feet from east to west, by forty-nine feet from north to south, and the great wall forms its northern side. The stones used in the construction of this building are of the same size and charac- ter as those employed in the wall itself. The mortar has disappeared from between the courses of the facing stones, but portions of lime are seen in the grout of the interior, and in the v^'estern wall, nine courses of stone are still standing. The side walls of the castellum have not been tied to the great wall, but haye been brought close up to it, and the junction cemented with mortar. The gateways, both on the northern and southern sides, are of large dimensions, and are formed of large slabs of rustic masonry, which, as well as that of the entire structure, is peculiarly fresh. Two large frag- ments of funereal slabs were found in the castellum, and also a stone bearing the names of the Emperor Hadrian, and Aulus Platorius Nepos, his legate. Two small silver coins were found here, one of Vespasian, the other of Marcus Aurelius. J^sicA, or Geeat Chestees, is the tenth stationary camp on the line of the wall, and was the quarters of the Coliors Prima Astorum. It comprises an area of three acres and thirty-five poles. The ramparts and fosse are clearly defined, and the southern gateway may yet be distinctly traced. The western side, which, from its situation, was the weakest, was defended by a double rampart of earth. A large inscribed mural tablet has been recently dug up in the vicinity of the eastern gateway, and a water-course, the windings of which are about six miles in length, brought water from the Greenlee Lough to the camp. Several curious pieces of sculpture have been found here, one of which represents two victors, each on the wings of an eagle, and holding a vexillum, and below them are two wild boars rushing furiously past a tree towards each other. Between this station and the next, on Walltown Crags, we find the most perfect specimens of the wall now remaining. Magna, the modern Caevoean, is situated to the south both of the vallum and wall. It v^as the station of the Coliors Prima Dalmatorum, and encloses an area of about four acres and a half. Having been brought under tillage a few years ago it is very difficult to trace even its outlines. Some fragments of the north rampart, however, remain, and the north fosse is still visible. The Roman road, called Maiden-way, passes through this station, and proceeds to Bewcastle. Jn the garden of the neighbouring farm house, are some interestiiig memorials of the Roman occupation of this country. Amongst them are broken capitals and fragments of columns, moulded coping-stones, and gutter- stones, of various shapes and rude construction. There is also a fine inscribed altar, and in the inn at Glenwhelt are preserved a magnificent pair of stag c 34 INTEODrCTOEY EEVIE^Y. liorus, nearl}^ perfect, which were found iu the well of this station. A fine tablet, bearing an interesting inscription to the goddess Ceres, was discovered here, and was afterwai'ds presented to the Antiquarian Society of Newcastle. . As we pursue our journey westward, we come to Thirlwall Castle, the remains of a stronoj old border tower, situated in the parish of Haltwhistle, and, for a long period, the residence of a family of its own name. The walls of the castle are nine feet thick, and are faced both inside and out with stones taken from the Roman wall. In the neighbourhood of the small village of Wallend, a peculiarity in the relative position of the wall and vallum forces itself upon our attention. The wall, which, for the larger portion of its course, stands considerably above the vallum, now takes a lower level, and for nearly the whole space between this' point and the river Irthiug, is completly com- manded by the earthen rampart. Proceeding onwards we pass Chapel-house, FoNvl Town, Gap, and Rose-hill. In the immediate neighboiu'hood of the latter is Mump's-hall, formerly the residence of the Meg Merilies of Sir Walter Scott's Guy Mannering. To the west of this the works of the barrier are crossed by the railway, and a little beyond this point, the lines, still very dis- tinct, cross the Poltross-burn, which di\ides the coimties of Northumberland and Cumberland. Amboglanna, or Bubdoswald, the twelfth station on the wall, and the first in the county of Cumberland, is very interesting. It stands upon a large plain, at the head of the steep descent towards the river Irthing, having its outbuildings to the south-east. Numerous inscriptions have been found within its walls, mentioning the first cohort of the Dacians, surnamed the JElian, which, according to the Notitia, was quartered at Amboglanna. It contained an area of upwards of five acres, and the walls are in an unusually good state of preservation, the southern rampart showing eight courses effacing stones. The whole extent of the camp is marked with the lines of streets and the ruins of buildings, and near the eastern gateway are the remains of an edifice from the ruins of which a sculptured figure has recently been taken. Several altars and inscribed stones have been discovered here from time to time. One of the stones bears the following inscription ; Legio Sexta Yictees Fidelis — " The sixth legion the victorious and faithful." Westward of this station, the wall is in an unusually good state of preserva- tion, and a fragment ten feet high and five yards long, is still standing a little west of the Banks-burn rivulet. This is the highest piece of the wall that is anywhere to be met with. Peteiaxa, now Castle-steads, lies to the south of the wall and vallum, about three miles N.N.W. of Brampton. The site of the station may be recog- nised, but its ramparts have been long overthrown, and the ruined buildings of the interior entirely obliterated. Many altars and sculptured stones have been found here, and coins of various emperors are often discovered. This station was garrisoned by the Ala Petriana. Aballaba, the modern Watchceoss, is situated south of the wall, and was garrisoned by the Numerus Mausorum. This is the smallest station on the wall and has produced but few antiquities, indeed many antiquarians have I INTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW, 35 doubtecl the propriety of admittiDg it as one of the stations, and consider it to have been only a summer encampment. At Bleatarn, half a mile west of this place, the wall has been extended upon piles over a marshy piece of gromid, which is encompassed by the valhun. I'rom Bleatarn the barrier may, with some difficulty, be traced by Wall-head, Walby, and Wall-foot, to Tarraby, and from this village to Stanwix, a rural road runs upon its foundations, but the ditch upon its north side is yet quite distinct. CoxGAYATA uow Stanwix, was the station of the Cohors Seciinda Lergormn, and st^od upon the site now occupied by the church and church-yard of the village. Recent explorations have brought to light distinct remaius of ancient edifices, and in pulling down the old church to make way for the present struc- ture, a^^ery fine figure of Victory, somewhat mutilated, was discovered, which is now in the museum of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. AxELODUxuM, or Burgh-upon-Sands, the next station, was the quarters of the Cohors Prima Hispanoriun. In Horsley's time the remains of its ramparts were to be seen at a place called Old Castle, a httle to the east of the church. At present little meets the eye of the antiquary to inform him of the spot where the station stood, but when the surface of the ground is broken, the remains of the Roman city are still plainly visible Several altars, " lachry- matory "' vessels, and fragments of unglazed jars and urns have been discovered here. In the parish of Kirk Andrews, between Burgh and Stanwix, in 1803, an altar was found fifty inches high, tv/o feet broad, and fourteen inches thick, and bearing an inscription which has been read thus : — Lucius Junius Yictorinus et Cains JElianus Legati Augustales Legionis sextcB victricis pii felicis oh res trans vallum iDrospere Gestas.'' " Lucius Junius Victorinus, and jCaius ^lianus, Augustal Legates of the sixth Legion, victorius, pious, and faithful, on account of acbievements beyond the wall prosperously performed." A few inscribed stones have been lately found, but none of them are of any consequence. Between this station and Drumburgh, the vallum, that wonder- ful work, which has outlived the changes and accidents of sixteen hundred years, totally disappears, and there is nothing to induce us to believe that it ever proceeded further in a westerly direction. Gabrosentum, now Drumburgh, was the station of the Cohors Secunda Thracum. The camp is situated on the grounds of Richard Lawson, Esq., and its ramparts are well defined as well as the ditch by which they were surrounded. South of the station is a well enclosed by a circular wall of Roman masonry. A mile east of Bowness is a large tumulus, on the summit of which is a fluted column, called Fisher's-cross, and about half a mile west- ward of it is another which has been somewhat encroached upon by the road that runs along the margin of the Solway. Between port Carlisle and Bowness, the site of the wall may be traced the whole way, and not uufrequently its foundations and its fosse may be distinctly recognised. TuNNOCELUM, is the extreme western station on the wall, and was garrisoned by the Cohors Prima ^lia Classica. It is with the greatest difficulty that the antiquary detects some slight traces of the walls of this station, its southern lines in the vicinity of the church being those which are most appai'ent. No 36 INTRODUCTORY EEYIEW. quarry being within several miles of the spot, the wall and station have furnished the materials of which the church and most of the habitations of the town are composed. Several Koman coins and inscriptions, and a small bronze figure of Mercury or Victory have been found here. An altar which was discovered in this station and is now built up in front of a barn in the principal street, bears an inscription importing that it was dedicated to Jupiter, the best and greatest, by Sulpicius Secundiauus, the tribune of the cohort for the safety of our lords, the Emperors Galbus and Volusianus, The ancient and modern names of the places through which this celebrated wall passed, and where its castles and towers were situated, stand in the follow^- ing order in the Notitia Im,;peni : — Castella coinciding with the Stations. Castella, whose remains are visible. s 11 O So A SYNOPSIS of the Stations of the Wall, with the number of Castella, and the Distances between each. 1 § w 1 1 1 1 3 1 G 9 5 3 5 2 4 3 3 7 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 5 5 2 4 2 8 9 6 4 5 2 5 3 3 7 4 5 5 5 4 From Segedunum. . Pons ^lii . . Condercum . . Vindobala . . Hunnum .... Cilurnum Procolitia Borcovicus. . . Vindolana . . . ^Esica Magna Amboglana . . Petriana Aballaba Congavata.. . Axelodunum . Gabrosentum. To Pons^lii {Newcastle) Condercum {Benwell) Vindobala (Rutchester) Hunnum ( HaltonChesters) . . Cilurnum ( Walivick Chesters ) Procohtia {Carrawbriigh) . . Borcovicus (House-Steads)... Vindolana (Little Chesters)... Maica ( Great Chesters) Magna {Car Voran) Amboglana ( Burdosivald) . . . Petriana /Castle Steads) Aballaba {Watchcross) Congavata {Stanwix) Axelodunum {Burgh) Gabrosentum {Drumburgh) Tunnocelum (Boioness) . . . . 3 2 6 7 5 3 4 1 3 2 2 6 2 5 3 4 3 3 6 1 1 5 3 6 1 6 2 6 1 3 4 9 5 7 8 8 4 6i 6 6 9 4 9 1 4 57 20 1 81 Total length 68 3 3 Having now traversed the Hue of the mural barrier from one extremity to the other, and examined all the camps which lie upon its track, it may not be uninteresting to offer a few conclusive remarks respecting its utility, on which subject. Sir John Clarke, writing to K. Gale, Esq., says, "After all, I cannot but take notice of two things with regard to this wall that have given me great matter of speculation. The first is, why it was ever made at all, for it could never be a proper defence, and perhaps at Bowness less than any other place, since our barbarian forefathers on the north side could pass over the Frith at low water, or if the sea was then higher or deeper than it is now, could make their attacks from the north-east side by land. The second is, K INTRODUCTORY REViEW. 3T why tlie Scots historians, vain enough by nature, have not taken more pains to describe this wall, a performance which did their ancestors more honour than all the trifling stories put together, which they have transmitted to us. 'Tis true the Romans walled out humanity from them, but 'tis as certain they thought the Caledonians a very formidable people, when they, at so much labour and cost, built this wall — as before, they had made a vallum between Forth and Clyde." While the stations on the wall were well garrisoned it was impossible for the Picts and Scots to pass them, soldiers being ready to oppose them in every direction. Constantino was the first emperor who neglected this barrier and its stations, and he is said to have suppressed their garrisons and removed most of the troops into the interior of his territories, where they soon became enervated by a soft and inactive life of pleasure and amusement. After the removal of the garrisons, the northern tribes, freed from these powerful restraints, made innumerable incursions into the Roman provinces to the great detriment and annoyance of the inhabitants, as has been already seen. " It is much to be regretted that of this wonderful effort, whose fame has employed the pen of historians from the times of Eutropius and Tacitus, so few remains are now left to gratify our curiosity. This wall has been a kind of quarry of ready -hewn stone, where the adjoining parishes have obtained materials for erecting their churches, fences, and houses, with- out feeling one ' compunctious visiting ' for so flagrant an act of violence to antiquarian taste. Sir Walter Scott, when a young man, gathered some flowers on this wall, which he presented, with the following verses, to a young lady, with whose beauty he was charmed : — "Take these flowers, which, purple wavingj On the ruined rampart grew, Where the sons of freedom hraving Rome's imxierial standard flew. Warriors from the breach of danger, Pkick no longer lam-els there; They but yield the passing stranger Wild-flower wreaths for Beauty's hair." The Roman veterans were no less famed for their valour in the field, than for their knowledge and assiduity in architecture and sculpture, for they fought and laboured with equal skill and vigour, and it is much to be regretted that this wise policy of keeping the soldiery usefully employed in time of peace should have been abandoned by the modern European nations. Two out of the four Roman legions brought over into Britain in the reign of Cladius, remained till the last. The ninth legion was surprised and destroyed by Queen Boadicea, and the fourteenth and the vexillarii of the twentieth were in the battle which decided the fate of that heroine. The twentieth, called also valens victrix, though it stayed a long time, seems to have been recalled before the Romans finally abandoned the island, for it is not noticed in the Notitia. The legio secunda Aiignsta is mentioned in that y* 38 INTBODUCTOEY BEVIEW. record, and seems to have been the last ; for, though the legio sexta victrix also continued till the last, it did not come over to Britain till the reign of Hadrian. The Roman soldiers employed much of their leisure hours in perpetuating their names or comiplimenting their victorious leaders by monumental inscrip- tions, and also by inscriptions commemorative of the completion of buildings and public works, and in erecting and inscribing statues in honour of their principal deities, but, after the introduction of the Christian religion, the statues were destroyed. Many Roman coins have been found in the neigh- bourhood of the great stations, where they had been secreted either by the Roman soldiers, or by the affrighted Britons, w^hen the northern tribes, or Saxon invaders, burst in upon their country and razed their towns to the ground. Camden says, that a fixed tradition remains in the neighbourhood of the great wall, " that the Roman garrisons on the borders planted here, up and down, for their own use, many plants good for curing wounds. Hence some pretenders to surgery in Scotland resort here every summer to collect plants whose virtues they have learned, by some practice, and extol them as of sovereign efficacy." Roman Roads. — The Romans bestowed very great attention, labour, and expense on their public roads, which generally consisted of a regular pave- ment, formed by large boulder stones, or fragments of rock, embedded in gravel, and varied in width from four to fourteen yards, and were carried over rivers, not by bridges but by fords. .The four principal roads which traversed Britain were the Watling -street, Ermine or Hermine-street, the Fosseivay, and the Icknild-street. Watling- street, is sua. ancient and very celebrated Roman road, which, commencing at Dover, traces its course to London, St. Albans, Weedon, over Beresford Bridge, High Cross, Atherstone, Wall, Wroxeter, and Chester, from which last place a branch appears to point in nearly a straight direction through St. Asaph to Segonitum, or Caer Seiont, Carnarvonshire. Another branch directs its course from Wroxeter to Manchester and York, and, proceeding northerly, enters this county at Whittonstall, and proceeds thence to the wall, shortly after leaving v^hicli it separates into two branches, the eastern one, commonly called the Devil's Causeway, passes on the east side of Kirk Beaton, thence over the Wansbeck, it proceeds by the east of Hartburn Church, in a straight course between Nether Witton and Witton Shields, to Brinkburn Priory. Its tract may be distinctly traced along Rimside Moor, whence it proceeds by Glanton, Horton Castle, Lowick, and Ancroft, to Cornmills, where it crosses the Tweed. The other Hue branches off tow'ards Swinburn Castle, and, passing by Corsen- side, Elishaw, and Rochester, proceeds between Chewgreen and Thirlmoor, over the head of the river Coquet, to Black Halls, where it enters Scotland. The Ermine-street, Roman road, extended from London to Lincoln and Warrington ; the Fosseimy led from Bath to Lincoln and Newark ; and the Icknild-street extended from the south coast of Dorsetshire to Norwich. — We have been much indebted in the preparation of this article to the Rev. J. C. Bruce 's admirable work on the " Roman Wall." IKTKOIiUCTOKy KEVIEW. S9 SAXONS. Having once turned their swords against the Britons, the Saxons dreamed only of conquest. They kept forcible possession of the Isle of Thanet, whence they issued forth in great strength, and joined by numbers of their country- men, they revelled for years in all the unbridled license of barbarian war. Such was the commencement of a contest that was carried on without intermission f ora hundred and fifty years, and which never entirely ceased until the conquering Saxon yielded in his turn to the Dane and Norman. Strong as were the Romans yet the Germans were looked upon by them as the most terrible of enemies, and among all the German nations the Saxons stood pre- eminent for their courage and ferocity. This race, destined to give laws to half the globe, possessed, in the second century of the Christian era, no larger territory than the scanty tracts of woods and marshes that lay between the Ems and the Elbe. Two hundred years later, however, the term Saxou was the common apellation of all the tribes from the Rhine to the Baltic, and the north of Jutland. Of these tribes the three principal were the Saxons Proper, the Angles, and the Jutes. It has been already mentioned that the eastern shores of Britain had been infested by the Saxons before the departure of the Romans, and that, their first invasion of any strength and permanence, was in 4.49, under the leadership of Hengist and Horsa, who after a prolonged contest founded the kingdom of Kent. Shortly afterwards another band luider ^lla and his sons landed on the island of Selsey, and, after an arduous struggle, established the kingdom of Sussex, and in 495 a third division, under the command of Cerdic, landed further to the west, and, after many sanguinary battles, succeeded in establish- ing the kingdom of Wessex. The next kingdom erected by the Saxons proper was that of Essex or the East Saxons, which was founded by Erconwald, and consisted of the present counties of Essex, Middlesex, and the south of Hert- fordshire. Except this kingdom and the British territory on the west, the whole country from the Thames to the Frith of Forth, was colonised by the Angles. This people had entirely abandoned their native bogs, and had swarmed in masses upon the bewildered Britons. In this overwelming invasion. Uffa led the first division, and founded the kingdom of East Anglia, containing the present counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. In forty chiules, Ida led the second division to the mouth of the Tees, and established the kingdom of Bernicia, extending from the Tees to the Forth. Seomel soon afterwards founded the kingdom of Deira between the Humber and the Tees, and a party of the Angles of Deira, under Creoda, crossed the Humber, and penetrating to the very centre of the island established tlie kingdom of ]\Iercia. Sidonius, the eloquent bishop of Clermont, gives us an animated description of these invaders. — "We have not," he says, " a more cruel and more dangerous enemy than the Saxons. They overcome all who have the courage to oppose 40 INTEODUCTORY EEVIEW, tliem. They surprise all -who are so imprudent as not to be prepai'ed for their attack. When they pursue they infallibly overtake — when they are pursued, their escape is certain. They despise danger — they are inured to shipwreck — they are eager to purchase booty at the peril of their lives. Tempests, which to others are so dreadful, to them are subjects of joy. The storm is their protection when they are pressed by the enemy, and a cover for their operations when they meditate an attack. Before they quit their own shores they devote to the altars of their gods the tenth part of the principal captives, and when they are on the point of returning the lots are cast with an affectation of equity, and the impious vow is fulfilled." The character thus given of them, by Sidonius, is confirmed by every ancient authority. Such were the masters to whom the Britons were compelled to submit, but long and arduous were their struggles for independence. Foremost among their defenders was the renowned King Arthur. He was born in the year of Hengist's first arrival, and crowned king of the Britons at the early age of fifteen. In his person was united a love of country and a love of militaiy fame. He was soon in arms against the common foe, over whom he gained twelve pitched battles. His chief opponent was the great Saxon captain Cerdic, whose invading forces he had nearly succeeded in expelling, when his death, which took place in 542, after a glorious reign of thirty-four years, gave new hopes to the Saxons, who renewed their efforts, and at length succeeded in firmly consolidating their power. As the religion of the Saxons, previous to their conversion to Christianity, differed very little from that of the Danes, it will be found fully described in that part of our work which treats of the latter people. Before proceeding further, let us take a brief sui*vey of the various gradations of rank, the usual tenure and burdens of the landed property, the administration of justice, and the supreme council of the Anglo-Saxon nations. All freemen were divided into one of two classes, that of eorl, or that of ceorl, the men of noble or of ignoble descent. The former were said to be ethel-born, and among them the first place was held by the cyning or king, who was the lord of the principal chieftains, and through them of their respec • tive vassals. As his estates were nearly equal to theirs altogether, so was his annual revenue and the number of his thanes ; forming in the aggregate a power sufficient to humble the proudest, or to reduce to obedience the most factious of his subjects. Three times every year the great tenants of the crown were reminded of their dependence. At the festivals of Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide they were summoned to pay him homage. During eight days they were feasted at his expense, and on their dismissal received presents from his bounty. He was the chief commander by land and sea, and the supreme judge on all questions of appeal from every court of judicature. His '-peace" or protection secured the man to whom it was granted from the pursuit of his enemies. Breaches of this peace subjected the offender to heavy fines, while if the infraction was of a grievous nature, his life and pro- perty wtre at the king's disposal. The consort of the king was originally known ly the name of " queen," and shared, in common with her husband, INTKODUCTOEt EEVIEW. 41 tile splendour of royalty. But she lost this distinction by the crime of Ead- burga, who had poisoned her husband Brithric, King of Wessex. In conse- quence of this crime, it was decreed by the witan that the title of queen, with all the appendages of female royalty, should be abolished, and ever afterwards the king's wife was known by the title of the lady. Next in dignity to the royal family were the ealdormen or earls, who governed in the king's name districts which were denominated shires, and which were originally of small extent, but afterwards enlarged to the size of our present counties. It was the duty of the ealdorman, as the representa- tive of the monarch, to lead the men of his shire to battle, to preside with the bishop in the courts of the county, and to enforce the execution of justice. The thanes were a numerous and distinguished order of men, divided into several classes of different rank, and with different privileges. There were greater and lesser thanes, and we read of the thanes of the king, and of those of ealdormen and prelates. The heriot of the greater was four times that of the lesser thane, and while the former acknowledged no other superior than the king, the latter owed suit and service to the court of his immediate lord. The possessor of five " family lands" or hides, and, from the time of Athel- stan, any merchant that had made three voyages with his own ship and cargo, were alike entitled to rank among the thanes. It seems, however, that the latter kind of thaneship was of inferior dignity, and that a family that had acquired this distinction was not reckoned among the ethel-born until the third generation. The sithcundmen were men of the sith or military profession, and, on account probably of holding land, many, if not all, of these became known as lesser thanes. The person of whom such lands were held was known as the lord. If a sithcundman held lands of no one else, and therefore had no such lord, he was still obliged to choose one, and to render him some acknowledg- ment for his protection. This obligation resulted from the maxim, that every person who had no territorial jurisdiction, was bound to have some acknow- ledged superior, and that every superior was, in return, to be responsible for his " man." The form required to make this connection legal was brief but significant ; the man placed his hands between those of his lord, and ex- claimed, " By the Lord, I promise to be faithful and true, to love all that thou lovest, and to shun all that thou shunnest, conformably to the laws of God and man, and never in will or weald, in word or work, to do that which thou loathest, provided thou hold me as I mean to serve, and fulfil the conditions to which we agreed." As the duties of the vassal to his lord were of the most sacred nature, the violation of them was attended by forfeiture and death, particularly if he failed his lord in war. But if, like a true man, he fell in battle by the side of his lord, the heriot usually paj^able on his death was remitted, and his heirs took among them his lands and chattels. The devotion of the vassals to their lord is described by Lingard in a story so interesting and explanatory of those times, that we may be pardoned for presenting it to our readers. The death of Cynewulf, one of the kings of Wessex, who died A.D. 784, deserves, says c 3 '4:2 JNTROBUOTORY BEVIEW, our autlioritj, to be preserved, as illustrative of two great featui'es iii the Anglo-Saxon character, — devotedness of attachment, and ferocity of revenge. Sigebyrcht (the predecessor of Cynewulf ) had left a brother named Cyneheard, who, to escape the jealousy of the new king, had abandoned his native country, and consoled the hours of exile with the hope of revenge. Thirty-one years had elapsed from the death of Sigebyrcht, when Cyneheard returned with eighty-four adherents, and secreted himself in the woods. Tt chanced one evening that the Idng left Winchester with a slender retinue to visit a female at Merton, to whom he was warmly attached. Cyneheard stole silently from his retreat, followed with caution the footsteps of the monarch, and in the dead of the night surrounded the residence of his mistress. Cynewulf was asleep, and his attendants were dispersed in the neighbouring houses. At the first alarm he arose, seized his sword, and descended to the door, where he descried his enemy, and, springing forward, aimed a desperate blow at the head of Cyneheard. The wound, which was but slight, was quickly revenged by the swords of the conspirators. Roused by the noise of the combatants and the shrieks of the woman, the king's attendants hastened to his assist- ance, but they found him breathless, and weltering in blood. It was in vain that Cyneheard offered them their lives and possessions. They scorned his proposals, and after a long conflict were all slain, with the exception of a Briton, who, in quality of hostage, had been detained in the court of Cyne- wulf — even he was severely wounded. Early in the morning the news arrived at AViuchester. The ealdorman Osric, and Wiverth the thane, imme- diately mounted their horses, and rode to Merton, followed by their retainers. C^^neheard met them at the gate to justify his conduct, and to solicit their friendship. He pleaded the obligation of revenging the wrongs of his family, asserted his claim to the throne, offered them valuable possessions, and bade them recollect that many of his friends were their kinsmen. " Our kinsmen," they replied, " are not dearer to us than was our lord. To his murderers we will never submit. If those who are related to us wish to save their lives, they are at liberty to depart." " The same offer," returned the followers of Cyneheard, " was made to the king's attendants. They refused it. We will prove to-day that our generosity is not inferior to theirs." Impatient of delay, Osric forced the barrier ; he was opposed by the most desperate intrepidity, and the battle was terminated only by the failure of combatants. Of Cyne- heard's eighty-four companions, one alone was saved. He was found among the slain, covered with wounds but still alive, and owed his preservation to this fortunate circumstance, that he was the godson of Osric. Resuming the subject from which we have somewhat digressed, the fore- going w^ere the ethel-born : the unethel, the tradesmen, mechanics, husband- men, and labourers, were comprehended under the general designation of ceorls. These were divided into two clas,ses — the socmen or free ceorls, who held lands by conventional services, or choose their own lords, or possessed the right of disposing of their real estates by sale, or will, or donation. The others were attached to the soil, as part and parcel of the manor, transferable with it fiom one proprietor to another, bound to give their personal labour in JNTRODUCTOBY REVIEW. 4'8 return for the land which they cuUivated for their own use, and Hable to be punished as runaways if they withdrew out of the manorial jurisdiction under which they were born. They had indeed certain rights recognised by the law, and could not, in many places, be dispossessed as long as they performed their customary services, nor could higher rents, or a greater proportion of labour, be exacted from them than what was accustomably due. All the above classes were in the ranks of freemen. There was, however, amongst the Saxons a class of absobite slaves who were called Theowes, con- sisting of persons who had forfeited their freedom according to the law. If any one could not discharge the penalty or " wite" imposed on an offence of which he had been convicted, he became what was called a " wite theow," and liable to the utter loss of his rights as a member of the free community. His relations might redeem him within twelve months, but if they refused this office of kindness he then became a slave, and his degradation was inherited by his children. The enslavement of a freeman was performed before a competent number of witnesses. The unhappy man laid on the ground his sword and his lance, the symbols of the free, took up the bill and the goad, the implements of slavery, and falling on his knees, placed his head, in token of submission, under the hands of his master. Traffic in slaves prevailed during the whole of the Anglo-Saxon period. These unhappy persons were sold like cattle in the market, and the price of a slave was usually estimated at four times the price of an ox. No impediments were offered to the importation of foreign slaves, but the export of native slaves was forbidden under severe penalties, yet habit and the pursuit of gain had taught the natives to bid defiance to all the efforts of the legislature. Like the savages of Africa, they are said to have carried off, not only their own countrymen, but even their friends and relatives, and to have sold them as slaves in the ports of the continent. The men of Bristol were the last to abandon this nefarious traffic. Their agents travelled into every part of the country ; they were instructed to give the highest price for females in a state of pregnancy, and the slave-ships regularly sailed irom that port to Ireland, where they were sure of a ready and profitable market. Their obstinacy yielded, however, to the persevering zeal of Wulstan, bishop of Worcester, and in their guild, they solemnly bound themselves to renounce the odious trade. One of the mem- bers was soon afterwards tempted to violate his engagement, but his perfidy was punished with the loss of his eyes. In what way the land that had been wrested from the Britons w^as appro- priated by the conquerors, what portion was reserved for the state, and what for individuals, are questions that can be answered only by conjecture — even the nature of the most common tenures, those of "Bocland," and "Folcland," and "Laenland,"has long tortured the ingenuity of the learned. According to Allen, when any district was conquered by the Saxons, each warrior in the victorious army received a share proportioned to his merits. The land that remained after this allotment was called " Folcland," or land of the folk or people. Dr. Lingard's interpretation is different, but appears well founded. He supposes that folcland was not the land which remained after the assign- 44 TNTRODUCTORY REVIEW. ment of shares, but was the aggregate of the shares themselves. He had observed that the " terra famiUarum " of Venerable Bede, is invariably trans- lated by Alfred as " folcs," and he therefore concludes, that the shares of family land of the original settlers, were no other than folcland. He adds, that the common stock of lands from which the folcs, or family shares were taken, was governed by folcright, or the custom of the country, and that the common stock, under the name of Laens (loans), or benefices, could be bestowed by the joint authority of the king and witena, in return for military or other services. Bocland, was land of inheritance, that was probably severed from folcland, and was certainly granted by hoc (book) or charter. If a por- tion of either bocland or folcland was granted in any way, except by writing, it seems to have been called Isenland. When this kind of land was forfeited it reverted to the donor, whether king or subject — when bocland was forfeited it reverted to the king. For the sake of national security all lands were sub- jected to a triple burden, viz.; — The construction of bridges, the reparation of fortresses, and military service, in default of which fines, or sometimes forfeitm'e seems to have been inflicted. Both the grant and sale of land were unen- cumbered with the modern forms of parchments, taxes, and lawyer's fees. It was accomplished by the simple delivery of a turf or spear, or some emblem, in the presence of one of the customary public meetings. The following charter will give some idea of the almost Lacedoemonian brevity of the Anglo- Saxon deeds of gift. — "I king Athelstan giffys here to Paulan, Oddham and Eoddam, all gude and all fair as ever thei myn war, and thairto witnes, Mauld my wyf." Among a people but lately emerged from barbarism, the administration of justice is always rude and simple. The proceedings before the Anglo-Saxon tribunals would not have suited a more advanced state of civilization. They were ill calculated to elicit truth, or to produce conviction, and in many instances, which have been handed down to us, our more correct or more artificial notions will be shocked at the credulity or precipitancy of the judges. The subject, however, is curious and interesting. These ancient courts still exist under diff'erent names, and the intelligent observer may discover in their proceedings the origin of several institutions, which now mark the adminis- tration of justice in the English tribunals. The lowest and most limited jurisdiction known among the Anglo-Saxons was that of " Sac" and "Soc." It conferred the right of holding trials, and im- posing fines within a certain district, and, with a few variations, was per- petuated in the manorial courts of the Norman dynasty. It seems to have been claimed and exercised by all the greater and several of the lesser thanes. The power and right of these courts greatly varied — some took cognizance of all, some of a few offences — some of all persons, and others of none but their oym tenants. From the custom of holding these comts in the hall of the lord, they were usually termed the hall-motes. Superior to these was the mote of the hundred, a large division of the county. It assembled every month, and was composed of the ealdonnan or his reeve, and of the clergy- men and freeholders of each township within the hundred. Once in the year INTRODUCTORY RETIEW. 45 an extraordinaiy meeting was convened, when every male above the age of twelve years was obHged to attend. The state of the guilds or tythings (or associations of ten families) was ascertained, and no man was permitted to remain at large who could not find bail for his peaceable demeanour. In these courts offenders were tried, and civil causes decided. When important pay- ments, contracts, or exchanges, were to be made, it was done in presence of the hundred, in order that the whole neighbourhood might bear witness to the fact. For, as reading and writing were but little known, men were obliged to depend upon the honesty of numerous witnesses. In the walled towns burgh-motes were held, which corresponded with the motes of the hundred. Sometimes, when interests of greater importance were at stake, or the parties belonged to different districts, the authority of a single hundred was thought insufficient. On such occasions, the ealdorman summoned the neighbouring hundreds, or a third of the county, the former being termed the court of the "Lathe," and the latter of the "Trything." The Lathes still exist in some of the southern counties, where the hundreds are small, and from the trything is supposed to be derived the local denomination of " Eiding," the third part of a county. Of still higher dignity and more extensive jurisdiction was the shire-mote, or court of the county, which assembled twice in the year, in the beginning of May and October. The ealdorman and the bishop presided with equal authority, and their assessors were the sheriff and the most noble of the royal thanes. Ecclesiastical causes were first attended to, the rights of the crown were next enforced, then the laws and decisions of the witenagemote were announced, and private grievances were examined and redressed. Kemble gives a remarkable instance of the simplicity with which even the most important affairs were transacted in these courts. A young man made his appearance before a shire-mote, and claimed some lands, which were possessed by his mother. A deputation was at once despatched from the court to receive her answer — her reply was, " There sitteth Leoflad, my kins- woman, unto whom I grant both my land and my gold, both my gown and my dress, and all that I have after my own day." This act, by which she disinherited her son, was communicated to the court, and judgment was ultimately pronounced in favour of Leoflad, and a record was made to testify the fact. Thus at once was the suit decided, the son disinherited, and the will in favour of Leoflad recognised. Superior to the shire-mote, and forming the supreme national council, was the " mickle synoth or witenagemote." This council was composed at first of all the landed proprietors. Such it probably continued during the greater part of the Octarchy. In course of time, when Wessex became supreme, and its witenagemote became the great council of England, the number of its members was graduall}^ reduced, owing to distance, expense of travelling, and the troubles of the times, they were seldom as many as thirty, never sixty. The "folc," whose presence is often mentioned, are supposed by Palgrave to have been the representatives of the towns and the bors-holders of the tythings — but this supposition is deemed gratuitous both by Lingard and Haflam. The witenagemote assembled at Christmas, Easter, and Whitsimtide, when the state of the nation was 46 INTEODUCTOEY KEVIEW, . examined, laws were enacted, appeals heard, and, on the vacancy of the crown, a new sovereign was elected. The Saxons, bringing with them their native customs, punished injuries of every kind by certain settled fines or penalties, which differed in amount according to the circumstances attending the wrong, but were not left to be imposed at the discretion of the judge. So far did the notion of compensation run through the whole criminal law of the Saxons, that every man's life had its value according to his rank, called a ''ivere.'' This, by a law of king Athelstan, was two hundred shillings for a ceorl, for a sithcundman six hundred, and for a royal thane twelve hundred. The " were" of an ealdorman was twice, that of an etheling three times, and that of a king six times that of a thane. Although pecuniary compensation was thus extensively used, other punish- ments were occasionally imposed. Thus the frequent conviction of theft was punished by the loss of a hand or foot, while banishment or slavery were also sometimes inflicted. It was also enacted that house-breaking, arson, open robbeiy, manifest homicide, and treason against one's lord, should be inexpi- able crimes, that is, not redeemable by pecuniary compensation, or by suffering mutilation, or the like. With respect to the different sorts of crimes recognized by the Saxon laws, it seems that a person present at the death of any one was considered a participator in the crime. Also the slayer of a thief, unless he forthwith purged himself by oath before the relations of the deceased, stating all the circum- stances, was deemed guilty, and had to pay the fine. It does not appear that there was any distinction made in respect of degrees of homicide, except in one instance, which deserves particular notice, viz., where the fine called murdrum was to be paid. It is said that Canute when about to leave the kingdom, being afraid that the English might take advantage of his absence to destroy his Danish subjects, passed a law, — that when any person happened to be killed, and the slayer escaped, the person killed should, unless his friends or relations proved him to be an Englishman, be considered as a Dane, and that the vill in which the crime was committed should pay a fine of forty marks for his death, and if such fine could not be raised in the vill, then the hundred should be compelled to pay it. This provision was made in order to engage every one by the bond of interest in the prevention of secret homicides, and upon this sort of policy it was that presentments of Engiishrey, as they were afterwards called, were founded. False swearing was at first only punished by a fine amounting to one hundred and twenty shillings, but afterwards perjurers were considered as no longer worthy of credit, and therefore were obliged to purge themselves, not as they would otherwise have done, on oath, but by the ordeal, and sometimes they were excommunicated Breaches of the peace were severely punished as lead- ing generally to bloodshed and death, and the people being also much addicted to quarrelling and broils. If any one fought in the king's palace, his life was forfeited to the king, unless he redeemed it with a fine, and particular penal- ties were inflicted on those who fought in the presence of the bishop or ealdor- man, or in the city or town where these happened to be holding their court. INTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW. 47 After the conversion of the Saxons to Christianity every consecrated church had the privilege of sanctuary, or of afPording legal shelter to fugitives. At a time when ser timents of paganism still clung to the souls of men, when revenge was estf emed a sacred duty, and every man was armed and ready for battle, this regalation was not the less salutary from its being sometimes abused, it gave time for reason and religion to exert their influence, and often pevented the e'fusion of blood. For the traitor and blasphemer there was no sanctuary, he might at once be snatched from the altar. Resort was com- monly had to this protection in order to avoid the instant resentment of an aggrieved party, and until the legal compensation was paid. Thus the law of lua declares, that the fugitive shall be protected as to his life, and make compensation as justice demands. Having thus considered crimes and punishments, we proceed to speak of the modes of trial, and the sorts of proof, which formed very remarkable parts of the SaxoD system of jurisprudence, and w^ere as follows : — The prosecutor made his charge, which, it seems, was of itself sufficient to put the person accused on his defence. The answer or defence to such charge varied accord- ing to the circumstances of the case. If it was a matter not of great notoriety, and admitting of doubt, the party purged himself, as it w^as termed, by the oaths of himself and of certain persons vouching for his credit, and declaring their belief of his speaking the truth, who were thence called compurgators. If these compurgators all agreed in a declaration in favour of the accused, this was held to be a complete acquittal. But if the party had been before accused of larceny or peijury, or had been rendered infamous in any other way, and was not thought himself worthy of credit, he was then obliged to prove his innocence by the ordeal. Among the German nations, the ordeal was the common means of solving a difficulty. It was used in various forms, but particularly in those of fire and water, and of judicial combat. When, therefore, recourse was had to the ordeal, the accused, after a delay of three days, went to mass, and having received the holy communion, was immediately required to swear to his inno- cence. If he took the oath, he was led to the ordeal. In that of water, a fire was kindled beneath a caldron, at the west end of the church. In a line on one side of the fire stood twelve friends of the accused, and on the oppo- site side twelve friends of the accuser, all strangers being excluded. When it was agreed by all that the water boiled, the accused plunged in his arm, and brought up a stone which had been placed at a certain depth The limb was then bound up, and the bandage sealed. On the third day the arm was examined, if it had healed the prisoner was pronounced innocent, otherwise he was found guilty, and sufi'ered the punishment of the offence with which he had been charged. In the ordeal by fire, he grasped a piece of red-hot iron, and, having taken three strides on certain lines marked on the ground, threw down the bar. His guilt or innocence was decided as in the former case The judicial combat was not usual among the Anglo-Saxons, but was the favourite method of decision among the Lombard and Norman races. In the ordeal by the cross, the accused had several pieces of wood laid before him, 48^ IKTEODUCTORY REVIEW. and partially covered ; from these he drew out one, and if it had upon it the mark of a cross, he was deemed innocent. Among the Anglo-Saxons, the ordeals both of the cross and the lot were almost as unusual at that of judicial combat. Amidst the wars of the Britons and Saxons, the Christian religion dis- appeared for a time in the greater part of Britain, but, happily, idolatry was soon to be expelled and Christianity to resume its sway, and the glory of the reconversion of Britain was reserved for Pope Gregory the Great, who, before his elevation to the pontifical chair had anxiously desired to preach Christ to the Saxons, and had obtained the requisite permission from Pope Benedict I., but the people of Rome were unwilling to be deprived of a man whose virtues they estimated so highly. Their clamours retarded his departure, and his subsequent elevation to the papal throne compelled him to abandon his design. The following incident is said to have given rise to Gregory's desire of con- verting the Saxon nations of Britain. It happened that he had observed, in the Market-place of Rome, some Saxon slaves exposed for sale. Struck with their fine features and fair complexions, he asked them to what country they belonged, and was answered that they came from the island of Britain. And finding that they were still heathens, he drew a deep sigh and said, " It was a lamentable consideration that the prince of darkness should be master of so much beauty, and have so many comely persons in his possession, and that so fine an outside should have nothing of God's grace to furnish it within." Bede adds, that he again asked what was the name of that nation ? and was answered, that they were called Angles. " Right," said he, " for they have an angelic face, and it becomes such to be co-heirs with the angels in heaven. What is the name," proceeded he, "of the province from which they are brought ?" It was replied, that the natives of that province w^ere called Deiri. " Truly are they Be ira,'' said he, " withdrawn from wrath, and called to the mercy of Christ. How is the king of that province called ?" They told him his name was ^lla; and he, alluding to the name, said, ''Hallelujah, the praise of God the Creator must be sung in those parts." Gregory, however, still kept his eyes fixed upon Britain. The absence of his personal exertions he could easily supply by those of other missionaries, and from his high position in the church, he might direct their operations, and second their endeavours. His original intention w^as to purchase a number of Saxon slaves, and have them educated under his own eye, and at his own expense, and at a convenient time raise them to the priesthood, and employ them in the conversion of their countrymen. But their progress was slow, and his zeal was ardent. After a short time he resolved to try the courage of his monks, ignorant as they were of the language and manners of the barba- rians. Having selected the most learned and virtuous of the community, he explained to them his views, elevated their hopes with the prospect of eternal rewards, and confirmed their consent with his apostolic benediction. The monks, in obedience to his commands, went forth on the all-important mission, under the guidance of Augustine, prior of St. Andrew's monastery. Their courage faltered on their long and toilsome journey, but Gregory's letters and INTRODUCTOEY HEVIEW, 49 exhortations urged tliem onwards, until at length they arrived at the Island of Thanet, whence they sent messengers to Ethelbert, who at that time ruled the kingdom of Kent, and requested an audience. They spoke none of the German dialects, but they had brought some of the Frankish clergy as their interpreters, and at once disclosed their mission. They had come, they said, from Rome, vdth good tidings to those who would obey them, nothing less than joy and dominion that would never pass away. The king having heard this, ordered them to stay in that island where they had landed, and that they should be furnished with all necessaries, till he should consider what to do with them. Some days after the king came into the island, and sitting in the open air, ordered Augustine and his companions to be brought into his presence. The following is Venerable Bede's account of the interview. — •' When he had sat down, pursuant to the king's commands, and preached to him and his attendants there present, the word of life, the king answered thus : — ' Your words and promises are very fair, but as they are new to us, and of uncertain import, I cannot approve of them so far as to forsake that which I have so long followed with the whole English nation. But because you are come from a^r into my kingdom, and, as I conceive, are desirous to impart to us those things which you believe to be true, and most beneficial, we will not molest you, but give you favourable entertainment, and take care to supply you with necessary sustenance, nor do we forbid you to preach and gain as many as you can to your religion.' " Accordingly he permitted them to reside in the city of Canterbury, which was the metropolis of all his dominions, and pursuant to his promise, besides allowing them sustenance, did not refuse them liberty to preach. And the same venerable author goes on to say, — " It is reported that, as they drew near to the city, after their manner, with the holy cross, and the image of our Sovereign Lord and King, Jesus Christ, they, in concert, sung the litany : * We beseech thee, Lord, in all thy mercy, that thy anger and wrath be turned away from this city, and from thy holy house, because we have sinned. Hallelujah.' " We cannot refrain from giving ¥/"ords worth's fine sonnet on this inspiring theme, though the touching simplicity of the monk of Jarrow can scarcely be heightened in its effect upon the mind : — " For ever hallowed be this morning fair ; Blest be the unconscious shore on which ye tread ; And blest the silver Cross, which ye, instead Of martial banner, in procession bear ; The Cross preceding Him who floats in air, The pictured Saviour ! — By Augustine led, They come — and onward travel without dread, Chanting in barbarous ears a tuneful prayer, Sung for themselves, and those whom they would free Eich conquest waits them : the tempestuous sea Of Ignorance, that ran so rough and high. And heeded not the voice of clashing swords, Those good men humble by a few bare words, And calm with fear of God's divinity." D 50 INTEODUCTOEY REVIEW. Bj the preaching of Augustine and Paulinus, with their fellow-labourers in the south and north of England, the Christian religion made such progress that it soon became the prevailing faith of the country. Augustine was created xlrchbishop of Canterbury in the year 600, and Paulinus, Archbishop of York in 628. Concerning this conversion Pope Gregory the Great writes thus :—" Behold, it has pierced the hearts of all nations! How the utmost bounds of east and west are joined in one common faith ! Even the British ■ tongue, wliich used to mutter nothing but barbarity, has a good while since I begun to echo forth the Hebrew Hallelujah in divine anthems." And in a letter to Augustine himself: — "Who can express the general joy and satisfaction among all faithful people, since the English nation, by the grace of Almighty God, and the endeavours of you, oui* brother, hath quitted the errors of dark- ness, and is enlightened with the beams of our holy faith ; since, with most pious zeal, they now tread under foot those idols, before which they formerly kneeled with blind veneration." So great was the crowd of converts to Christianity, that Paulinus is said to have baptised ten thousand persons in one day in the river Swale, in Yorkshire. The English no sooner received the truths of Christianity, than, with a most fervent zeal, they gave themselves up to it, and employed their best endeavours to promote it, by discharging all the duties of Christian piety, and by erecting and endowing churches and monasteries, so that no part of the Christian world could show either more or richer religious houses. So many holy men did it produce, who for their firm profession of the Christian faith, their resolute perseverance in it, and their unfeigned piety, that England was justly styled the Island of Saints. The Saxons lived for a long time in a flourishing condition, under their Octarchy, till at length all the other kingdoms, shattered with civil w^ars, were subdued by that of the West-Saxons, whose ambitious king, Egbert, deter- mined to unite them in name as he had already done in government, and to keep up the memory of his own nation, published an edict, ordering the whole Octarchy to be called Englelond, i. e. the land of the Angles, and thereby uniting them in one great state under his governm_ent, about 390 years after the first anival of the Saxons in this country. THE DANES, "Who had, for several ages, kept the Anglo-Saxons in a state of perpetual alarm, fitted up a mighty fleet, and invaded the kingdom in 867. They pro- ceeded all through the country, burning cities, destroying churches, wasting the lands, ransacking and overturning everything in their way, and, with the most barbarous cruelty, they murdered the kings of the East Angles and Mercians, and took possession of then kingdoms, with the gi'eater part of that of Northumbria. Their success in this latter kingdom compelled the Anglo- Saxon kings and princes to confederate for mutual defence, and, by the skill INTEODUCTOKY EEVIEW. 51 aud wisdom of Alfred tlie Great, the invaders were subdued in 880, after tbat renowned mouarcli bad emerged from his retreat in a swineherd's cottage. Alfred then divided the country into shires and hundreds, or wards, established trial by jury, and composed a body of laws on which the glorious superstruc- ture of English liberty was finally erected. He was not less generous than brave, and, by acts of kindness, strove to convert the Danes from deadly enemies to faithful subjects. The greater part of the islands, and of points on the coast, terminating in ey, ay, a (island), ness (promontory), holm, as well as others, bear names which the Northmen gave them, and were seized, partly for the purposes of com- merce, but more commonly as naval stations, from which they could harass and tax the coasts and inland country. An island was a market, a warehouse, and a castle to these northmen ; who, bred round the sinuosities of the Danish peninsula, the recesses of the Baltic, and the Fiords of Norway, practised their arts as udal farmers, fishermen, amd merchants — forged anchors — built ships that lived in the Atlantic — fought incessantly along their own coast, from the Elbe to the Naze, to Drontheim, the Lofoden Islands, Cape North — ■ and, in the eighth and following centuries sailed in fleets, at one time down the east and west coasts of Great Britain, at another either round France, Portugal, and Spain, into the Mediterranean, or to Iceland and the coasts of North America. Men of the Atlantic, in their ships — their sea- horses, their ocean skates, as they called their craft — they braved the dangers of the rocks and the waves at sea — where their foes never met them — the arms of Celts, Gauls, and Saxons on land, — and succeeded in effecting perma- nent settlements in France and England. As the Jutes and Saxons settled on the south coast, so the Danes held, and have left the most permanent traces in, Suffolk, Norfolk, Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, and the lowlands of Scotland. The Scandinavian race still survives in its descendants round the coasts of the British Isles, and the soul of the old viking still burns in the seamen of the British fleet, in the Deal boatmen, in the fishermen of the Orkneys, and in that bold, adventurous, skilful, mercantile class, that has encircled the w'orld by its peaceful conquests. The arms and language of these wild sons of Scandinavia differed but little from those of the Anglo-Saxons, and there is every reason to believe that their religion was the same kind of idolatry as that of which the latter had once been the slaves. We are indebted to the bards or scalds for all the informa- tion we possess of their mythology. Woden was their principal idol. He was the " father of slaughter," the " namer of those who were to be slain." The valkyrs, his messengers, determined the success and selected the victims of battle. Thor his son, was the god of summer-heat, of thunder, and of war. He was invariably represented wdth his head encircled with stars, and with the hammer, or mace, in his hand, with which he used to crush the jokuns, or giants. These giants were Fire and Frost, they dwelt in a distant chaotic land, and maintained perpetual war with the gods. The earth was a conquered giant, and, in the extravagant fables of the north, the land was his flesh, the sea his blood, the firmament his skull, and the clouds his brains ! The whole 53 INTOODITCTORY EEVIEW. creation was represented hj a tree, at the roots of whicb, deep sunk in the kingdom of death, sat the Fates, weaving the destinies of men. Valhalla, the palace of AYoden, the walls of which were formed of spears, the roof of shining bucklers, and was lighted with flashing swords, was said to be destined for the warriors who fell in battle. Their occupation in this abode was to mingle all day in ceaseless conflict, at night their wounds healed, and they banquetted on the flesh of the boar, and quaffed mead from the skulls of the conquered. Cowards were doomed to the melancholy dominions of Hela, there to dwell with Famine, in the palace of Anguish. No one that died a natural death could share the joys of the Valhalla — hence it was that the slaves were immolated without scruple, while some, and even princes, did not hesitate to sacrifice then own children. Incantations and ^^dtchcraft increased the horrid gloom of this belief. Nothing could be done without a spell. When the armourer was forging a coat of mail, he chanted a song that was to render it impenetrable, a similar charm over the sword was to render its edge resistless. But of all this there was to be an end, the gods and giants were to expire by mutual wounds, the Valhalla and the don_iiuions of Hela were to sink in one vast conflagration. The earth was to be renewed, and another paradise, more happy, and another hell, more terrible, than those of Woden, were to be the everlasting places of punishment or reward. A God, the Ancient, the Infinite, the Creator of all, was to decide the fate of all, and justice was to reign amongst men. Some traces of the Scandinavian creed still linger amongst us, charms and incantations are still practised among our peasantry, the very tales of our nursery seem derived from Thor the giant killer, while the days of the week are distinctly named from the gods of the Danes and Saxons. Sunday and Monday are the days on which the Sun and Moon were worshipped, Tuesday is Tuesca's day, Wednesday Woden's day, Thursday Thor's day, Friday the day of Friga, the wife of Thor, and Saturday the day of Satur. Fierce, hardy, and depending on the sword for their bread, the Scandina- vians had formed a creed which seemed the natural growth of their dispositions. No matter how violent their career, if they succeeded, they won broad lands by their daring, if they perished, Valhalla awaited them. Few could stand before such a race, urged on by such a belief. Strange it is that these very men, with their valour purified by Christianity, yet glowing in all its ardour, should be the warriors that were destined to oppose, on the shores of Italy and the plains of Syria, a race the very opposite in character, yet professing the same broad principles, the votaries of Mahomet, that, like themselves, fought- for fruitful lands or a sensual paradise. The restless spirit of the Danes not brooking restraint, they once more commenced hostilities, but, after plundering Mercia in 910, they were again defeated, with great slaughter, by Edward the Elder, son and successor of the great Alfred. In 946, Edred having mounted the throne of his brother Edmund, the Northumbrians took the oath of fealty, but soon after broke out into open rebellion, in consequence of which, Edred assembled a numerous army and desolated then* country. In 957 he again traversed the country INTRODUOTORY REVIEW. 53 without opposition, and, after carrying away the factious nobles in bonds, he reduced the ancient kingdom of Northumbria to an earldom, under the com- mand of Earl Osulf. In the year 1002, Ethelred, Iling of England, planned and executed a measure which has rendered his name infamous. In the beginning of Novem- ber, he gave orders to his officers in the various towns and counties, to prepare themselves against a certain day for a general massacre of the Danes within their respective jurisdictions. On the thirteenth of that month, the festival of St. Brice, the unsuspecting victims, with their wives and families, were seized by the populace, and the horror of the murder was in many places aggravated by every insult that national hatred could suggest. At London, where they had fled for protection to the churches, they were massacred in crowds round the altars. To avenge the wrongs of his countrymen, and of his sister, who had perished in the general slaughter, Sweyne, King of Denmark, undertook the conquest of England, and, after several times invading the kingdom, and harassing the inhabitants during a period of ten years, he suc- ceeded in establishing himself on the English throne. Ethelred, with a few of his followers, seizing a boat, fled into Normandy, leaving his crown and kingdom to the conqueror. Sweyne died at Gainsbro', in 1014, and his son Canute was proclaimed king, but, being obliged to return to Denmark, the English, in his absence, recalled their exiled monarch, who ruled by force of arms over the southern parts of the island till his death, in 1016. Canute died here. King of England, Denmark, and Norway, in 1036. Harold and Hardicanute were the last of the Danish, and Edward the Confessor and Harold II. the last of the Saxon monarchs of England. In Edward's reign, the most approved Danish laws of Northumbria were incor- porated with the customs, maxims, and rules of the Britons, the West Saxons, and the Mercians. This code became common throughout England, and were the laws so fondly cherished by our ancestors in succeeding ages, and so often promised to be adhered to by princes, as the surest means of securing their popularity. William of Malmesbury, speaking of the English at this remarkable period, says — " They wore clothes that did not reach beyond the middle of the knee, their heads were shorn and their beards shaven, only that upon the upper lip was always let grow to its full length." NORMAN CONQUEST. On the death of Edward the Confessor, in 1041, Harold II. son of Earl Godwin, minister of state, ascended the throne of England, but was opposed by his brother Tostig, the exiled Earl of Northumberland, who prevailed upon Harold Hadrada, King of Norway, to assist and accompany him in his invasion of England. In 1066, this monarch accordingly entered tbe Tyne with a fleet of 500 ships, where he was joined by Tostig, and, after having plundered those 54 INTEODUCTORT EEVIEW. parts, they weighed auchor, and, sailing along the coast of Yorkshire, pro- ceeded up the Humber, as far as Riccal, within ten miles of York. Here the Norwegians landed, and, marching against the city, took it by storm, after haying defeated Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, and Edwin, Earl of Chester, his brother, in a severe conflict at the village of Fulford. Harold, the King of England, immediately marched to York with a powerful army, to oppose the invaders. At the king's approach they withdrew, leaving one hundred and fifty of their men to prevent the English from taking peaceable possession of York, and to retard them in their progress. And, as a frnther means of securing the fidelity of the city, the invaders also selected five hundred of the principal inhabitants as hostages, whom they sent on board their ships. The Norwegians having moved a few miles from York to Stamford Bridge, where they secured a very strong position, were pursued by Harold, and on the 23rd of September a sanguinaiy battle ensued. The only passage across the Derwent was over a narrow w^ooden bridge, on which it is said a single Norwegian had placed himself, and by his extraordinary valour and strength, opposed the whole English army for three hours, and slew with his own hand forty of Harold s men. This champion was at length slain and Harold became the master of the bridge. The English then rushed on with resistless impetuosity. The conflict was dreadful, each army cod sisting of 60,000 men, who fought without intermission from seven in the morning till three in the afternoon. No quarter was given on either side. At length the Norwegian ranks were broken, Tostig, and the King of Norway, with the greater part of their army were slain, and Harold proclaimed the victor. Considerable booty fell into the hands of the conqueror, and the miserable remnant of the Norwegian army, after having delivered up their hostages, the citizens of York, and bound themselves by oath never to disturb the English dominions again, departed in twenty small vessels, though more than five hundred ships were employed in conveying them to this country. Harold's triumph was, however, of short duration, for, on his return to York, he received intehigence that Wiiham, Duke of Normandy, had landed with an immense army at Pevensey, in Sussex, Harold, immediately repaired towards the south, and marched at the head of his forces to expel the invader. The two armies met at Hastings, and, on the 14th of October, just three weeks after Harold's triumph at Stamford, he lost both his life and kingdom in this, his last and most desperate battle. William, we are told, '^ out of a pious care for the interest of Christendom, and to prevent the effusion of Christian blood, sent out, as mediator between both, a monk, who proposed these terms to Harold, either to resign the government, or to own it a tenure in fee from the Norman, or to decide the matter in single combat with William." To this last proposition, the thanes, who surrounded Harold, replied, — " No strife between a man and a man shall decide the liberties of thousands." On the messenger's retm-n both armies prepared for the great struggle in which they were about to engage. Harold selected for his post, an eminence looking towards the sea, which was protected on the rear by an extensive wood. He formed his men on the brow of the hill, the men of Kent occupying INTBODUCTOEY EEVIEW. 55 the vau, protected in front by palisades. The royal banner, richly orna- mented with gold and precious stones, bearing as its device the figure of a fighting man, floated over the centre of the army, around it stood Harold, his two brothers, Gurth and Leofvviu, and the body-guard of Londoners. The Normans were arrayed in three lines upon an opposite declivity, the archers, the heavy armed infantiy, and, lastly, in five bodies, the knights and men at arms. At nine in the morning Toustain the Fair, advanced with the banner of William, chanting at the same time the song of Rollo. The Normans immediately raised the war-cry "God is our help." "Christ's Rood, the Holy Rood," was the reply of the Saxons. The archers drew their bows, and the Norman infantry charged, but quickly yielded to the rage of the English. Scarcely had they retreated when the whole body of their cavalry swept onwards, dahiug all the weight of horse, and rider against the Saxon ranks, which moved not a step, but stood with feet that seemed rooted to the earth, swaying their heavy battle-axes with rapid and unerring aim. Helm, hauberk, buckler, everything yielded to that formidable weapon. The left tving of the Normaus broke and fled, pursued by their opponents. A cry arose that the duke was slain, and his whole army began to waver. William took off his helmet to re-assure his men, and the battle was again commenced. The English pursuers were surrounded and at last destroyed, and once more all subsided into close and deadly strife. Still rose the fierce war-cry of the struggling combatants, still rung loud amid the clash and turmoil, the strokes of the ponderous battle-axe. Twice did William cause his men to flee, and twice were the pursuers trampled underfoot, and yet the rage of battle was undiminished, and the main body of the English as unyielding as ever. William's ranks were fearfully weakened, one-fourth of its bravest soldiers were among the slain, and yet, although the autumnal sun was now fast sinking in the western sky, he seemed as far from victory as when the fight com.- menced. AVhen, all at once, confusion appeared in the English lines. Harold was no where to be seen, an arrow had entered his brain, he had fallen on the corses of his gallant brothers. His troops began to relax their efforts, the Normans seized the opportunity, and rushed forward, some to complete the rout, some to seize the royal standard. But not yet was victory theirs, all that approached the banner fell beneath the fatal battle-axe. At last twenty of the bravest Normans undertook to secure the prize, ten fell in the attempt but the task was achieved. " The sun had set, the first star was in heaven, the ' Fighting Man ' was laid low, and on the spot where now, all forlorn and shattered, amidst stagnant water, stands the altar-stone of Battle Abbey, rose the glittering dragon that surmounted the consecrated banner of the Norman victor." Speaking of this conquest, Alison, the historian, observes,—" As this was the last of the great settlements which have taken place in Europe, so it is by far the most violent and oppressive. The first settlers in the provinces of the Roman empire, being ignorant of the use of wealth, and totally unacquainted with the luxuries of life, deemed themselves fortunately established when they obtained a part of the conquered lands. But the needy adventiu'ers who 5^ INTBGDUCTGRY EEVIEW. followed the standard of William, had already acquired expensive habits, their desires were insatiable, and to gratify their demands, almost the whole landed property of England was, in a few years, confiscated. Hardly any conquest since the fall of Rome has been so violent, or attended with such spoliation, contumely, and insult. The ancient Saxon proprietor was frequently reduced to the rank of a serf on his paternal estate, where he nourished, in the meanest employments, an inextinguishable hatred of his oppressor. Maidens of the highest rank were compelled to take the veil, in order to pre- serve their persons from Norman violence, or were gkd to secure a ]egal title to protection by marrying the Norman nobles, and conveying to them the estates they had inherited from their fathers, whilst tortures of the most cruel kind were invented to extort from the miserable people their hidden treasures. In the suppression of the great rebellion in the north of England, the most savage measures were put in force. A tract eighty miles broad, to the north of the Humber, was laid waste, and above a hundred thousand persons in consequence perished of famine — while in Hampshire, a district of country thirty miles in extent was depopulated, and the inhabitants expelled without any compensation, to form a forest for the royal pleasure. Nor were these grievances merely the temporary outbursts of hostile revenge, they formed, on the contrary, the settled maxims by which the government for several reigns, was regulated, and from which the successors of the Conqueror were driven by necessity alone. It was long an invariable rule to admit no native of the island to any office of importance, ecclesiastical, civil, or military. In the reign of Henry I. all places of trust were still in the hands of the Normans, and so late as the beginning of the twelfth century, the same arbitrary system of exclusion seems to have been rigidly enforced. The dis- possessed proprietors sought in vain to regain their estates. An array of sixty thousand Norman horsemen was always ready to support the pretensions of the intruding bai'ons. The throne is still filled by the descendants of the Conqueror, and the greatest families in the realm date their origin from the Battle of Hastings." The Feudal System. — In fulfilment of the promise made by William before the Battle of Hastings, he, as we have seen, rewarded his followers with the lands of the vanquished. Taking care, however, to attach to these grants, those peculiar restrictions and burdens which are so well known as the charac- teristics of the feudal system, and which still form the basis of many of our institutions. The principal feature of this remarkable system was, that the lands were held, not as an ownership, but as an hereditary tenancy, which continued as an absolute right, so long as the conditions upon which it was granted were complied with. Feuds were properly divided into proper and improper, the former kind being such as were given without price, in consider- ation of military service merely, the latter, such as were not mere military feuds, but granted for an equivalent in money or the like, or in consideration of some certain service, or else granted free from all services. Feuds were created by investiture, which was of two kinds — the proper investiture, which was an actual delivery of the land by the lord to the vassal I IKTRODtJCTORt flEVlEW, 57 in presence of his convassalli, equals, or pares — and the improper investiture, or symbolical delivery of the land by a wand or turf. In the case of a proper investiture, the lord declared the services which his tenant had to perform, at the time of the investiture, in the presence of the convassalli, and it became usual for him to give to the tenant a writing, containing a statement of such services, witnessed by the convassalli, in order that they might not be for- gotten, and this was, called a breve testatum. In the case of an improper investiture, the lord delivei'ed to the tenant such writing, with directions to some person to give him actual possession. The tenant was obliged to acknowledge his obligation to his lord by an oath of fidelity. Unarmed and bareheaded, on his knees, with his hands placed between those of his lord, he repeated these w^ords ; — " Hear, my lord, I become your liege man of life, and limb, and earthly worship, and faith and truth I will bear to you to live and die. So help me God." The ceremony was conch^ded with a kiss, and the man was thenceforth bo-jnd to respect and obey his lord — the lord to pro- tect his man, and to warrant to him the possession of his feud. After the lord had thus granted out lands as feuds, the proprietas thereof remained in him, and he had also the seigmorj, or right to fealty, and the other services reserved in the grant. And as the lord and vassal were mutt" ally boucd to defend each other, the former could not alien the feud without the consent of the latter, who might originally ha\e become his tenant from reliance on his power and courage, which (Qualities another lord might not happen to possess. And if the vassal were evicted of the feud, his lord was bound to recompense him by another feud of equal valne, or to pay him for what he had lost. On the same principle, if the lord failed in hjs duty to his vassal, as in not protecting and defending him, he forfeited his seigniory. As the lord had granted the feud on condition of some service rendered by his tenant, it followed that if such condition could no longer be performed, as where the vassal d^.ed without heirs, the feud returned to him again. If the heir of the feui was a minor, he became the ward of the lord, and when the fetid descerded to a daughter, the lord claimed the right to dispose of her in marriage, and a^so the homage and service of her husband. These grievances continued until the 12th of Charles II., when " all tenures of honours, manors, lands, &c., were turned into free and common soccage." As feuds ware not originally hereditary, although aPodial lands voluntarily converted into feuds always were, it became usual for the lords to require from the heir of a deceased vassal a present, called a relief, on granting him inves- titure, and also, in process of time, the vassals were obliged, besides the military assistance only required originally, to afford to their lords aids of dif- ferent kinds, the principal of which were to make the lord's eldest son a knight, to marry his eldest daughter, and to ransom him if captured. The military tenants of the crown were required to attend the court at the three great festivals of Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide, and hence were called the king's barons, and their lands baronies. By degrees, two classes arose, viz., " the greater and the lesser barons," and as the former only attended the king, they alone retained the title. The barons were bound to keep their 58 INTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW. courts, " every year at least, or oftener if need be, at which court all the freeholders of the manors that stood united to the honours, were required to make their appearance as suitors, and not to sit, but to stand bareheaded." The Normans preserved most of the Anglo-Saxon laws and customs, but pre- ferred their own trial by battle, as more worthy of warriors and freemen, to the ordeals of the English. They separated the spiritual from the temporal courts, and the old distinction of classes, viz., ealdermen, thanes, ceorls, and theows, was preserved under the names of comit or earl, haron, knight, esquirCy free-tenant, villein or villain, and neif. The Conqueror, having profusely distributed the landed property amongst his rapacious followers, erected numerous castles to overawe the insulted and oppressed people, and, conscious of the detestation in which he was held, he entertained a perpetual jealousy of the English, and in the reckless apprehen- sions of his guilty mind, he compelled them to extinguish their fires and lights at the hour of eight o'clock every night, reminding them of this duty by the toll of the curfew. Having bj'- these tyrannical measures silenced the disaffected, and constrained the country to a state of sullen quietude, he caused a survey to be taken of all the lands in England, except Cumberland, Durham, Northumberland, and Westmoreland, on the model of the book of Winchester, compiled by order of Alfred the Great. The survey, after a labour of six years, was finished in 1081, and was registered in that invaluable record, the Doomsday Book, in which the extent of each district, and whether it was meadow, pasture, wood, or arable, the name of the proprietor, the tenure by which it was held, and the value at which it was estimated, were all duly entered. The four northern counties above mentioned were probably omitted in this survey on the same grounds as Wales and Scotland, because they belonged to a prince who did the King of England homage, but was not required to admit the commis- sioners of a fiscal inquiry within his dominions. The Normans were remarkable for their courage and valour — though seated in the midst of warlike nations, they never made submission without an appeal to arms. " By these," says Camden, " they possessed themselves of the noble kingdoms of England and Sicily, so that a Sicilian historian confesses that it is entirely owing to the Normans that the Sicilians enjoy their native soil, their freedom, and their Christianity." Their valiant behaviour in the wars of the Crusades exceedingly increased their honour. This gave Roger Hove- don occasion to say — " That bold France, after she had experienced the Norman valour, drew back, fierce England submitted, rich Apulia was restored to her flourishing condition, famous Jerusalem and renowned Antioch were both subdued." The next remarkable events subsequent to the Conquest were the invasion and annexation of Ireland bj Henry II., in 1173, and the signing of Magna Chai'ta by King John at Runnemede, or Runningmede, as the charter has it. Speaking of Runnemede, Denham says— INTEOBUCTORY EEVIEW, 59 "Here was that charter seal'd, wherein the crown All marks of arbitrary power lays down ; Tyrant and slave, those names of hate and fear, The happier style of king and subject bear ; Happy when both to the same centre move, "When kings give liberty and subjects love." But the liberty of England was not so obtained. Kings were forced to yield what they would not grant, and the love which we now bestow upon those who are the central point of our liberty is the homage of reason to security. Our prosperity is the ojffspriug of free institutions, and it has gone forward, giving strength and support to the sources whence it has been derived. Yet the iron men who won this charter of liberties dreamt not of the day when a power greater than their own, the power of the merchants and villeins, would rise up to keep what they had sworn to win upon the altar of St. Edmunds- bury. The mail-clad Fitz- Walter, and De Roos, and De Clare, and De Percy, and De Mandeville, and De Vescy, and De Mowbray, and De Montacute, and De Beauchamp, — the great progenitors of England's nobility, — compelled the despot John to put his seal to the charter of Runnemede. But another order of men, whom they of the pointed shield and mascled armour would have despised as slax'^s, have kept and will keep, God willing, what they won on the J 5th of June, in the year of grace 1215. The successful invasions of France by Edward III. and Henry V., are the next important events in our country's history — they were followed by the calamitous wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, or as they are commonly called, the " Wars of the Roses," which distracted the kingdom in the fifteenth century. In 1509, Henry VIII., then only sixteen years of age, succeeded to the throne of his father, and in 1534 threw off the Pope's supre- macy. The next step v/as the suppression of the religious houses, a measure for which the Rev. Mr. Newcome, Rector of Shenley, gives the following reason, — " As they, the religious houses, had ever been the main pillar and su]3port of the Papal povver, it was natural and consistent to abolish the members after the head was rejected. They were bodies so nearly allied to the Popedom, that they must fall with it, and though a gradual reformation might have been effected in them, yet, in the new plan of church government, they were deemed unnecessary, for the new head of the church and his counsellors wished to have as few subjects in the church to be governed as might be — accordingly by dissolving the regular clergy, and limiting the church to the episcopal order of seculars, they rejected about 100,000 of the former, and retained about 8,000 of the latter. Whatever was the pretext, the real truth appears to have been this — that their temporal power and wealth tempted their downfall, and in spite of all the good and real merit that was to be found in them, they fell a prey and spoil to an extravagant monarch and his ' needy and profligate ' courtiers. In the legislature of those times, there were many great and able men — but whatever cause there may be to charge them with their want of jpiety, there is no room to accuse them of any want 60 INTEODUCTORY REVIEW. of worldly wisdom, or of their embraciug that self-denial and contempt of the world, which they were so ready to condemn in the monks. They made laws and ordinances to support a new religion, when they could enrich themselves by suppressing the old/' " In truth," adds this able writer, " the monks did more to civilise mankind and to bring them within the comforts of society, than any set of men of any denomination have ever done. And yet the ungrateful world, that was enjoying the fruits of their labours and their riches, now that it beheld the edifice completed, cast dov/n the builders and the scaf- foldings as if no longer useful ! In spite of all the calumny thrown out against monastic institutions, nothing so well proclaims their utility as this — that they maintained themselves in credit and repute, some of them a thousand years — and many of them during the bpace of three hundred, four hundred, and five hundred years, and, that when they were dissolved, Edward VI. and his counsellors found it necessary to endow new hospitals, to build new schools, and to provide new relief for the poor and helpless." — History of St. Alhan's Abbey. This suppression of the monasteries, the chantries, hospitals, and other religious institutions, — for the benefit of the poor as well as the religious — exasperated the people, especially those of the northern counties, to such a degree, that a large multitude, amounting to upwards of thirty thousand men, rose in open rebellion under Robert Aske, a gentleman of considerable fortune and influence in Yorkshire. This rising was called the " Pilgrimage of Grace,'' and had for its object the re-establishment of the ancient religion and institu- tions. The king promised that their grievanees should be discussed, and that the next parliament should be held at York. But Henry, freed from his apprehensions, neglected to fulfil his promise, and in less than two months the "pilgrims" were again inarms, but were overpowered by the troops under the Duke of Norfolk, and seventy-four of their number were hung on the walls of Carlisle. Sanctuaries were totally abolished in ] 54.8, and at the same time Edward the Sixth's council made great alterations in the church-ofiices — carrying candles on Candlemas -day, making the sign of the cross on the forehead with ashes on Ash- Wednesday, and bearing palms on Palm Sunday, were forbidden, as also were the rites used on Good Friday and Easter Sunday. Confession was left optional — and in 1552 the marriage of priests was declared good and valid — and altars were ordered to be removed from churches, and tables sub- stituted. All these innovations w^ere made in the reign of Edward VI. When Mary ascended the throne in 1553, things were in great confusion, as might be expected, in consequence of the sacrilegious robberies and spolia- tions committed by the licentious Henry and his courtiers — and in the endeavour to restore the plundered property, many cruelties were perpetrated. She certainly had great difficulties te encounter, for although her ministers professed deep sorrow for what had been done, and implored forgiveness, yet, such as were in possession of the spoils of the monasteries held them with an iron grasp — they " liked not that paying back again — it was double trouble." Is the religion which Mary professed to be charged with the excesses INTRODTTCTORY EEVIEW. 61 committed in her reign ? Ej no means — far from it. This would be^calumny of the blackest dye. To what then are they to be attvibuted ? To the im- piety of the age, the cruelty of individuals, the unchristian laws of the land, and not to the religion of our forefathers. If we attribute the persecutions in Maiy's reign to tire spirit of Catholicism, must we not, by the same rule, attribute the rigorous and protracted persecutions in the reign of Elizabeth, and (horresco referens) all the diabolical penal laws to the spirit of Protestantism? Assuredly we must. But both the Catholic and Protestant Churches equally deplore those direful persecutions, and most emphatically and unequivocally condemn, the laws that countenanced them. In 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne, the Protestant religion was re-established, and the Catholics became the objects of persecution. In 1559, they made a fruitless attempt in the north to restore their religion, by assem- bling in open rebellion, to the number of sixteen hundred horse and four thousand foot, under the command of the Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland, but, being defeated, many of them were taken, and hung, drawn, and quartered. Their two leaders fled into Scotland, whence the Earl of Westmoreland escaped to Flanders, but the Earl of Northumberland was betrayed by the Viceroy of Scotland, and was conducted to York, where he was beheaded, and his head afterwards exposed upon Micklegate Bar in that city. He died avowing the Pope's supremacy, denying that of the queen, and affirming that the land was in a state of schism, and Elizabeth's adherents no better than heretics. In this last attempt to restore the Catholic religion, some of the leaders are supposed to have entertained the design of placing on the throne the beautiful and unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, whose son, James VI, of Scotland, became on the death of Elizabeth, James I. of England. The next events of importance were the wars of the Parliament, the execu- tion of the king, and the period of the Commonwealth — the restoration of mon- archy under Charles TL, and the subsequent revolution in which James 11. lost his crown — and the succession of his daughter Mary, with her husband William, Prince of Orange, to the throne of these realms, — the change of dynasty in 1714, when George I., Elector of Hanover, became King of Eng- land. The accession of the family of Hanover, was, as is well known, a deeply debated question, there being various persons whose claims in point of con- sanguinity were stronger than those of George. Setting aside James II., and his unfortunate son "the Pretender," who were assumed to have forfeited their rights, there were descendants of Henrietta, daughter of Charles I., and first wife of Philip Duke of Orleans ; also descendants of Edward, son, and of Charlotte EHzabeth, granddaughter, of Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I. Charlotte Elizabeth was in existence at the death of Queen Anne, and died at St. Cloud so lately as 1722. Lastly, there was George, son of Sophia, Electress of Hanover, and daughter of Elizabeth Stuart. It is a remarkable fact, that all these descendants of James I., were Roman Catholics, except Sophia and her family, and on that account they were set aside by the nation, in accordance with the law which restricted the succes- sion to the Protestant heirs. 62 INTEOBUGTOBY REVIEW. We eome now to that memorable rebellion of 1745, when the Chevalier Charles Edward Stuart, " the yomig pretender" attempted to possess him- self of the English crown. Prince Charles Edward Stuart, eldest son of the pretender, crossed the channel in a frigate of 16 guns, under the convoy of a I'rench ship of the line of 60 guns, and on the 25th of July, landed at Boradale, in Scotland. The first account of his landing was scarcely credited, and, when the news had been fully confirmed, all Europe was astonished at the darmg enterprise. Early in November, he marched southward, and entered Cumberland with the Duke of Perth, and an army, amounting to about eight or nine thousand men — on the 9th, he laid siege to Carlisle, which was but feebly defended by a garrison of militia, a few volunteers, and two small companies of invalids, under the command of Colonel Durand and Captain Gilpin. The population of the city at that period is said to have been only about 4,000. The army of the prince approached in three divisions, and invested the place, which very soon surrendered. The pretender was now proclaimed King of England, at the Cross in the Market-place, and aftervv'ards marched by way of Lancaster and Preston to Manchester, whence he pro- ceeded southward as far as Warwickshire. The prince now retraced his steps, and arrived at Carlisle on the 19th, closely pursued by the Duke of Cumberland's dragoons. Next day, the prince moved northward, leaving 400 men in Carlisle, under the command of Sir John Hamilton, The Dake reached Newcastle on the 21st at the head of his army, and immediately commenced the siege. The garrison made a gallant but unavailing defence, being forced to smTender unconditionally to the superior numbers of the besiegers. Many of the officers, including Townley, the governor of the city, and Hamilton, the governor of the castle, were executed in London, with all the revolting and disgusting details observed in cases of high treason. The heads of Francis Townley and Captain Fletcher, were exhibited on Temple Bar, and the heads of the others were sent into the country to be publicly exposed at Carlisle and Manchester. Fifty were executed as deserters in different parts of Scotland, and eighty-one suffered as traitors, after the decisive battle of Culloden, which sealed the fate of Prince Charles Edward, who now became a fugitive, and at length escaped to France, after the failure of the second attempt of the expelled house of Stuart to restore themselves to the throne of their ancestors. Ever after his retreat from Derby his fortunes ebbed, as the re- tiring tide after it has reached its limits :— " There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune, Omitted, all the voyage of their life Is bound in shallows and in miseries." The history of his enterprise is a commentary on the text of the immortal bard? There was a tide so strongly in his favour as to excite the astonishment of all observers. He missed it, and achieved not fortune, but irretrievable ruin. INTROBUCTORY EEYIEW. 63 For centuries after the Norman conquest, the restless and vindictive Scots continued to make frequent, and devastating incursions, and to lay waste and plunder the territories of their neighbours in the northern counties of England, for though truces were several times patched up, hostilities soon recommenced with increased fury, and the border counties, being the first scenes of action, suffered more during these semi- barbarous ages than any other part of the kingdom. The union of the two countries had often been suggested by the EngUsh court, for centuries before its accomplishment, but the Scots always contemptuously rejected the terms held out to them. Queen Anne at length, by her unwearied perseverance, and the assistance of a number of the leading men of both nations effected, after serious and protracted debates, this im- portant desideratum. The Bosdeeees, both English and Scotch, were, from an early period till the union, accustomed to the most nefarious practices of freebooting, aiid con- sidered their theft and plunder only as a fair reprisal. They entertained but little affection for the nations to which they respectively belonged, for it was a matter of the utmost indifference to them whether they preyed upon their own or the opposing party. They retained in their mountains and forests the laws and manners of the ancient Britons, forming themselves into septs or chins, according to the Celtic system. These border clans were very nume- rous, and each was commanded by a border chief, who, when any of his clans- 7116)1 sustained injury, was bound to seek revenge, and defend "all his name, kindred, mountaineers, and upholders," and, on the other hand, to retaliate whatever the injured party might, in their thirst for vengeance, commit. By this barbarous system, a ferocious animosity, or as it has been very appro- priately designated, a deadly feud, was cherished on the borders. These martial clans were always eager and prepared for war, and at the sound of their slugan were speedily gathered together. The slugan or slughorn was also used as a watchword, by which, either in the night or in the confusion of battle, persons of the same clan recognised each other, and, in order to elude observation in their nocturnal prowls, ihey wore a sort of brown or heath- coloured dress. They were excellent archers, and it is said their bows were as sure as a rifle gun. Some rode small horses, which, on account of their fleetness, were celled prickers. Though they, it is said, "would not care to steal, yet they would not betray any man that trusted in them, for all the gold in England and France." They were very nice and particular in the choice of their wives — a stout man would not marry a small woman, were she ever so rich — and an Englishman was prohibited by the March Laws from marrying a Scotchwoman, were she ever so honest. The females, like their husbands, possessed a bold and warlike spirit, and, in 1570, many desperate women are said to have " fought right stoutly" in a battle near Naworth. Being strangers to religion, the few religious houses which the piety of a former age had founded on the borders, were destroyed by them after Edward I. had usurped the Scottish throne. In 1603, the last hostile inroad, before the union of the two kingdoms, happened immediately after the accession of James II., when between two 64 I25TROBTTCTORY REVIEW. and three hundred Scots entered Camberland, and committed various depre- dations as far as Penrith. James, who was at Berwick, oi his way to London, sent Sir WiUiam Selby, governor of that p^ace, with a detachment of the garrison, who soon dispersed the invaders, and sent those who fell into their hands to the castle of Carlisle. The two countries being now united under one monarch, and frontier towns no longer necessary, King James reduced the garrisons of Carlisle and Berwick, and ordered the term " Borders" to be changed to " Middle Shires," they being now nearly in the centre of his ex- tended dominion. The extinction of the border feuds, however, was not com- pletely effected till after the final union in 1706, for long-cherished distinc- tions and prejudices are not easily eradicated. Prior to the union, the Bor- derers were in a wretched condition, as may be inferred from the many hundreds who were employed during the night to watch and guard all the fords, passes, and inlets to toe valleys. Boeder Laws a^b Service. — As the borders were so repeatedly the scenes of rapine and bloodshed, it became necessary to govern them by distinct laws — consequent'j, in the reign of Edward I., a code of laws was enacted, and placed under the admioiBtration of officers of high rank, entitled ivardens of the inarches. Though the wardens held courts, executions often took place without the formality of a trial, and matters difficult of proof were generally decided by single combat. The EngHsh and Scotch wardens sometimes held days of truce for consultations, but these often ended in bloodshed, for they occasionally assumed the power of waging war and making peace, and the border laws empowered either them or their deputies to pursue the moss- troopers (freebooters) into the neighbouring kingdom, by the hot-trod — a pursuit maintained with a lighted piece of turf carried on a spear, with hue and cry, bugle horn and bloodhound, and all who heard the alarm were expected to join in the chase. These laws, however, did not eradicate the evil, for many of the clans of moss-troopers continued their depredations long after the union of the two kingdoms, though a very great check was given to them by an edict, prohibiting borderers, " except gentlemen of high rank and respect," from carrying weapons, and by other statutes passed in the reign of Charles IL, against " a great number of lewd, d:^sorderly, and lawless persons, being thieves and robbers, who are called moss-troopers." In 1701, there were officers on the borders, called country-'keepers, who, for a certain sum of money, insured their respective districts against theft and devastation. In 1715, many of the borderers were in arms under General Forster and the unfortunate Earl of Dervventwater, and some of them were amongst the adherents of the* exiled house of Stuart in 174'o, for the Scots long cherished with chivalrous affection the recollection of their Scottish origin and name, and many of the nobility and gentry of the north, at this period, generously sacrificed both their lives and fortunes in the last attempt to restore the Stuarts to their ancestral throne. The last important event is the union between Great Britain and Ireland, in the year 1800, from which time Ireland has ceased to have a separate legislature, and the British islands have been denominated the United King- dom of Great Britain and Ireland, or the British Empire. INTEOBUCTORY REVIEW. 65 The extension of our foreign commerce in the sixteenth century introduced into England a great variety of exotics, among which are pale gooseberries, introduced in 1520 — artichokes and parsley, in 1551 — currants, in 1555 — lettuces, garden cresses, and apricots, 1562 — spinach, ] 568 — tobacco, 1 583-6 — beet, thyme, and mulberries, 1596 — radishes, cucumbers, potatoes, and tea, at)out 1597 — besides several others, TABLE OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS. KINGS ANTEEIOE TO THE CONQUEST. Saxon Line. Banish Line. Saxon Line. Egbert Ethelwolf Ethelbald Ethelbert Ethelred I r— t7Ufred the Great. Edward I Athelstan Edmund I Edred Edwy or Edwin... Edgar Edward II Ethekedll Edmund II Canute Harold I. . . . Hardicanute. Edward III. Harold II. . GENEALOGY. Son of Cerdic, a Saxon General Son of Egbert Son of Ethelwolf Son of Ethelwolf Son of Ethelwolf Son of Ethelwolf Son of Alfred Son of Edward I Brother of Athelstan Brother of Edmund I Nephew of Edred Brother of Edwy Son of Edgar Son of Edgar Son of Ethelred King of Denmark Son of Canute . . . Son of Canute . . . Brother of Hardicanute Son of Earl Godwin. . . . EEIGNED EEIGND EEOM TO YEARS. 827 836 858 800 866 871 901 925 940 916 955 959 975 978 1016 1017 1030 1039 1041 1066 836 858 860 806 871 901 925 940 946 955 959 975 978 1016 1017 1036 1039 1041 1066 ]066 9 22 2 6 5 30^ 24 15 6 9 4 16 3 38 1 19 3 2 25 nrly. 1 KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND SINCE THE CONQUEST. Norman Line. House of Blois. Plantagenet Line. William I. . William II Henry I . . . Stephen. Henry II . . . Eichardl. . . John Henry III.. Edward I. . . Edward II.. Edward III. Richard II . Duke of Normandy - Son of Wilham I . . , Son of William I . . , Nephew of Henry I . Grandson of Henry I , . . Son of Henry II Son of Henry II Son of John Son of Henry III Son of Edward I Son of Edward II Grandson of Edward III. 1066 1087 1087 1100 1100 1135 1135 1145 1154 1189 1189 1199 1199 1216 1216 1272 1272 1307 1307 1327 1327 1377 1377 1399 21 13 35 19 35 10 17 56 35 20 50 INTRODUCTOEY EEVIEW. KINGS AND QUEENS SINCE THE CONQUEST.— Continued. House of Lancaster House of York. House of Tudor. Stuart Line. The Com- monwealth Stuart Line. House of Orange. Stuart Line. House of Honover. Henry B^ Henry Y . Henry YI. Edward IN . Edward Y... Eichardlll. Henry YII . Hem-v YIII. Edward YI . Maiy Elizabeth. ., James I . Chaiies I . Oliver Cromwell.. Richard Cromwell. Charles 11. James II . , William and Mary Anne George I . . George II . , George III George lY. , William lY YlCTOKIA . . GENEAIOGY. Son of John of Gaunt Duke of Lane. Son of Henry lY Son of Henry Y Great Grandson of Edward III. . Son of Edward lY Brother of Edward lY A des. of John of Gaunt. Son of Henry YII Son of Henry YIII . . . . Daughter of Henry YIII. Daughter of Henry YIII. Son of Mary Queen of Scots Son of James I Son of a Brewer of Huntingdon Son of Oliver Cromwell Son of Charles I Son of Chaiies I Son-in-law and daughter of James II. Daughter of James II. Great Grandson of James I Son of George I . . . . , Grandson of George II . . . , Son of George III ........ Son of George III Neice of William lY REIGNED FEOM j TO 1399 1413 1422 1461 1483 1483 1485 1509 1547 1553 1558 1603 1625 1649 1658 1660 1685 1688 1702 1714 1727 1760 1820 1830 1837 1413 1422 1461 1483 1483 1485 1509 1547 1553 1558 1603 1625 1649 1658 1659 1685 1688 1702 1714 1727 1760 1820 1830 1837 KEIGXD TEARS. 14 9 39 22 lOwks. 2 years 24 38 6 3 45 22 24 25 yrs. 14 12 13 33 60 10 ANCIENT KINGDOMS AND PROVINCES IN ENGLAND, WALES, AND SCOTLAND. We subjoin the following sections from the elaborate report of tlie Census Commissioners, as being the most complete ^Yith which we are acquainted. The existence of Towns, Hundreds, and Counties in England, at an early period, is well established, but their origin and nature have not yet been satisfactorily explained. Britain in the time of the Romans was occupied by numerous tribes, of which eighteen in England and Wales have left names in histoiy, while the names of as many as eighteen tribes are scattered over the map of Scotland. Under the Romans, when the Notitia Imjjerii was compiled, it appears that the province of Britian was in five natural divisions : INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. 67 Britannia Prima comprised the country south of tlie Thames and of the Bristol Channel; Britannia Secunda, the present Wales and border counties, separated by the Severn from Flavia Casariensis, \Yhich extended over the central portion of the island to the Humber and Mersey. Maxima Ccesariensis, from this boundary, stretched to the Tyne and Hadrian's Wall ; while Valentia covered ^Northumberland north of the Tyne, and the south of Scotland, as far as the wall of Antonine. For Kichard of Cirencester asserts that the country to the north of the Frith of Forth constituted a sixth division, under the name of Tespasiana ; leaving Caledonia imsubdued beyond the Murray Frith. The to^^iis had an independent jurisdiction in the midst of the British popu- lation, and, according to the treatise which is a-scribed to Richard of Ciren- cester, two of them were municipal towns {Verulamium, St. Albans, and Ehuracmn, York); nine including (Londiniwn, London) were colonicB; ten were cities (like Lugiivalliam, Carlisle, and Corinium, Cirencester) under the Latian law ; and twelve of less importance, wer^fslipen diary towns. After the Britons were subdued, the military force in the province consisted at firsr of three legions, and afterwards of two legions, the sixth stationed at York, and the second at Isca (Caerleon). The twentieth legion was posted at Deva (Chester). Auxilliary troops were scattered around the main stations. At the time the Notitia was composed, the military force was, according to the best estimate, 21,000 infantry and cavalry. This affords some idea of the populousness of the country, which as is shown by the Itineraries, and the list of the writer of Ravenna, was occupied by numerous towns, and traversed by roads. The immemorial sites of the chief towns and roads of the kingdom were fixed during the Roman occupation, and where large Roman cities, like Sorhiodunum (Old Sarum), UHoconium (Wroxeter), and Calleva, (Silchester), fell into decay, it will generally be found that other cities arose in their neigh- bourhood, so that there was not so much an abandonment, as a removal of the city to meet the altered circumstances of the population. The Saxons found Britain in the hands of many kings ; but when ^lla was Bretwalda (a.d. 491), the Island was divided north and south, apparently by the Humber, into Albania and Loegria ; the east side of the Island ii ■^Albania, was occupied by the Picts ; Bryneich and Deifyr lay between the Frith of Forth and the Humber ; the south-eastern angle was held by the Jutes and Saxons ; on the west side of the Island, Cambria lay beyond the Severn; the Regnum Cumbrense extended from the Mersey to the Clyde, and the Scots had possession of the coast of Albania, next Ireland. In the period of the Octarchy the west side of the Island was still in the possession of the Celtic tribes, who held West Wales and North Wales, on both sides of the estuary of the Severn, extending from sea to sea ; as well as Strathclyde and Cum.bria, stretching from Alcluid (Dumbarton), over KarJeol (Carlisle, which, however, was at an early period occupied by the Northum- brians), and round the Cumbrian Skiddaw and Helvellyn to the Mersey. From the eastern side of the forests, moors, and mountains of the north, the kingdom of Northumbria descended to the sea, stretching from Edwinsburgh, over the Tweed and Hadrian's Wall, the Tyne, and, sometimes, the Humber. U 68, INTEODUCTOEY EEYIEW. Bernicia was separated from Deira by the woody franchise of St. Cuthberfc (afterwards Durham), between the Tyne and the Tees. The East Angles and the East Saxons settled in the country between the Wash and the Thames. The kingdoms of Kent, of the South Saxons, and of Wessex, extended from the North Foreland and the Thames, to the western shore. The Danes swept round the east coasts with their fleets, and settled in large numbers, increased by continual immigration from the continent, on the whole of the east side of the Island ; and the country east of the river Lea, the Ouse, and Watling-street, or the ancient Roman Road, as well as Northum- bria, was thenceforth designated generally, Danelagh, or "Dane-Law." Wes- sex occupied the south side — the Celtic states the icest side of the triangular island ; and Mercia filled the centre of the island. Scotland passed into the hands of the Scots. The Saxon kings of Wessex — Egbert, Alfred, Edward the Elder, Athelstan, and Edgar — for a time reigned paramount over the kingdom; but the warlike genius of the Northmen finally gained the ascen- dancy, and Canute ruled the nations on the whole natural area of the Scandi- navian race — occupied by the English, the Scots, and the Britons, as well as the Swedes, the Danes, and the Norwegians. Canute divided England into four distinct governments ; Northumbria, East Anglia, Mercia, and Wessex, which he held in his own hands as an Earldom. In the time of Edward the Con- fessor, Siward held Northumbria ; Harold, East Anglia ; Godwin, Wessex ; Sweyne, the country between the Severn and the Thames to Staines ; Leofric, Mercia ; the king of the Scots, Lothian ; and a Scottish prince the kingdom of Cumbria. • SHIRES. The Saxons in England formed successively, under kings, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, small states, which were gradually reduced by conquest to three (Wessex, Mercia, Northumbria), that remained, to a certain extent, distinct and important, after they were finally incorporated in one. The lar- ger states must necessarily have been subdivided, for military as well as civil purposes, from the earliest periods. Tacitus notices subdivisions of the tribes in Germany — and Mr. Kemble, who has devoted so much time so successfully to the elucidation of Saxon records and history, has endeavoured to show that the Mark and Ga of Germany may be still traced in English names, charters, and territorial divisions. Ingulphus affirms that Alfred divided the kingdom into counties, hundreds, and ty things, when he had an Inquisition taken, which served as the model of the Doomsday Survey, and was digested and registered in the roll of Winchester. About and after the year 800, divisions of parts of Wessex, under the names of existing counties, are also referred to in the Saxon Chronicle — and the early laws mention ealdormen of shires. Bern, the ealdorman of the Northumbrians was burnt by the high reeves, at Stilton in 780. That many subdivisions of the Saxon " kingdoms" existed before INTEODUCTOKY EEVIEW. 6^9^ tlie davg of Alfred is incontestable. Bede mentions Lindisse (Lincoln), the North Mercians, the South Mercians, the Midland Angles (Angli Medi- terranei), Regie Sudergeona (Surrey), and other small regions. The statement of Ingulphus is supported by Malmesbury. He says that the natives misled by the example of the barbarous Northmen, indulged in rapine, and that Alfred, inconsequence, "appointedcenturies, which they call 'hundreds,' and decen- naries, that is to say ' tythings,' so that every Englishman, living according to law, must be a member of both." The laws ascribed to the Confessor, embody this statement, and Malmesbury s description of the institution. x\fter the time of Alfred, the counties are distinctly specified in the Saxon Chi'onicle, and the "different manuscripts usually adopt the word sah' where we use shire, and with the same meaning." Florence of Worcester and William of Malmesbury name 32 counties south of the Humber — the Saxon Chronicle mentions 26, of which 21 are distinguished as shires. The division of England into counties, each having an ealdorman discharg- ing civil and military functions under the king and his council, was evidently based upon the old divisions of the country. Two small kingdoms became the counties of Kent and Sussex — the kingdom of the East Saxons became Essex and Middlesex — of the East Angles, Norfolk and Suffolk. The lands of the Wilssstan, Dornsaetan, Sumersaetan (from Ssetan settlers), became Wilts, Dorset, Somerset — to which shire was .perhaps unnecessarily added. Damnonia and Ce'rnaw, v^Tung succesively from the Welsh, as they retreated first beyond the Exe and then over the Tamar, were named Devonshire and Cornwall. The district of Berkshire, whose men, under their ealdonnen, fought and put the "army" of Northmen to flight in A.D. 860 and 871, was, it is said, so named from the character of the country. Sutherige, Surrey, (southern island), was named from the town on the Thames. Another class of counties was evidently constructed on different principles : thus the county containing Winchester, the capital of Wessex, was called Hamtunscir, from Hamtun now Southampton. All the counties into which Mercia was divided were named from their large central towns, which became the county towns — thus it was with Hert/orcZshire, Bnckinghamshive, Oxfordshire, &c. Lincolnshire Yorkshire, Durham, are also named from the county towns — Rutland, North- thumberland, Cumberland, and Westmoreland are not named from towns, but, like the counties in the south, from the people and the locality — after the analogy of Fiiigland, Scotland, Ireland. All the English counties, south of the Humber and Mersey, are nominally enumerated by Malmesbury, except Rutland and Middlesex, but he designates the northern parts as " all the region beyond the Humber as far as Scotland." After A.D. 952, the province of Northumbria was administered by earls, and while Lothian was, about a.d. 972, granted to Kenneth, King of Scotland, to be held by homage, Northumbria shrunk as an earldom within the limits of the present county, between the Tees and the Tweed, and the kingdom — the earldom of Deira — became the county of York. The bishop, by the grace of St. Cuthbert, obtained an almost regal jurisdiction in Durham, which, lying between the Tees and Tyne, separates the two great northern counties. When 70 KTKODUCTORY REVIEW* Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire were detached from Cumbna, of which Malcom lY. was appointed king by Duncan, a.d, 1033, does not clearly appear. " Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Durham are not described in the survey of which Doomsday is the record, nor does Lancashire appear under its proper name — but Furness and the northern part of the county, as well as the south of V/estmor eland, with part of Cum- berland, Bie included in the West Riding of Yorkshire — that part of Lanca- shire which lies between the Pdbble and Mersey, and which at the time of the survey comprehended six hundreds, and one hundred and eighty-eight manors, is subjoined to Cheshire — and part of Rutlandshire is described in the adjacent counties of Northampton and Lincoln. To which may be added, that in later times, the two ancient hundreds of Atiscross and Exestan, deemed a part of Cheshire in the survey, have been transferred to the counties of Flint and Denbigh, in the principality of Wales. Herefordshire, which, in the time of the Conqueror, appears to have been esteemed almost a Welsh county, is included in the return. In the account of Gloucestershire, we find a consi- derable portion of Monmouthshire included, probably all between the Wye and the Usk." Henry II., at the Council of Northampton, by the common consent of the archbishops, bishops, earls, and barons of his realm, clivided his kingdom into six parts, to each of which he appointed three justices itinerant. The counties in each circuit are enumerated in the annals of the time, and all the names of the existing counties occur, except Middlesex, Rutland, Durham, Cheshire, and Monmouthshire. The small county of Rutland was probably attached to Lincoln and Northampton — Durham aud Cheshire were counties palatine, without the jurisdition — and Monmouthshire had not been detached from Wales — Richmondshire and Coupland are mentioned among the northern counties, and, like Hallamshire, Howdenshire, Bedliugtonshire, Islandshire, and Norhamshire, seem to intimate that a politic but unsuccessful attempt had been once made to cut up Northumbria, like Mercia, into small counties. The 40 counties of England, 12 of Wales, 32 of Scotland, making 84 counties in Great Britain, vary much in size and population. The English counties consist of a variable number of hundreds, and, until latterly, had detached parts \\ithin each other's limits. All the estuaries, and the lai'ge, as well as some of the small rivers on the east coast, serve to mark the bounds of extensive counties. The Tweed, Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, Thames, separate Northumberland, Durham, Yorkshire, Lincoln- shii'e, Norfolk, Sufi'olk, Essex, and Kent, which were, at one time or other of the Saxon period, separately or conjointly, small kingdoms. On the south coast, the smaller rivers appear to have been disregarded in fixing the bounds of Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Dorset, and Devon, but the Tamar divides Devon from Cornwall. The Bristol Channel and the estuary of the Severn, separate Somerset and Devon from Glamorganshhe and Monmouthshire — the indentations of the coast by estuaries mark, on the west coast, the divisions of the Welsh counties — the Dee divides Flint from Cheshire — the Mersey, Cheshire from Lancashire, which now extends over the Ribble and Morecambe INTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW. 71 Bay, to the Dudden and Windermere, ^Yhere it touches Cumberland and Westmoreland. The Thames is a boundary from its mouth almost to its som'ce. It separates Essex, Middlesex, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire, on its north bank — from Berkshire, Surrey, and Kent, on the south bank. The arrangement on the Severn is different — the county towns of Gloucester, Worcester and Shrewsbury are on its banks, and the counties extend to the hills on both sides. Herefordshire, in like manner, extends over the middle portion of the basin of the Wye. All the midland counties on the site of Mercia are small, and as the county towns are on the rivers, extend on both sides of the basins. This difference in the boundary, implying the existence of bridges, and in size, implying that the country had become more populous, also strengthens the inference that Mercia was divided into counties about the age of Alfred and the time of the Danish invasions. The shire is an important subdivision of the kingdom, and each shire has numerous officers :(1) a lord lieutenant, who is also (2) custos-rotulurum or keeper of the archives, except in counties of cities :(3) a sheriff", who appoints(4) an under-sheriff (5) justices of the peace, all appointed by the crown :((5)a county treasurer, and (7) a clerk of the peace, generally an attorney, who is appointed by the custos-rotulorum :(8) the county coroners are elected by the free-holders, as(9) the knights of the ^shire were formerly. The revenue of the shires is chiefly derived from rates which are struck by the justices of the peace in counties at quarter sessions. The rates, which were formerly collected by the high constables — or constables of hundreds — are directed under 7 and 8 Vic, c. 38, to be collected by the Board of Guardians, and to be paid by them to the county treasurer. The county expenditure is chiefly incurred in main- taining bridges, gaols, police, prisoners, lunatic asylums, and the various county officers ; some of whom are paid, although the majority of the offices are honorary, and are discharged gratuitously. The Shiregemote was a court of great importance in Anglo-Saxon times; and held two annual general meetings, one in spring, and another in autumn for the transaction of business, civil, military, and ecclesiastical. But as it was found impossible to despatch all the business at these two meetings, county courts, called folcmotes, were appointed to be held by the Shire-reeve every four weeks. Teything or Riding. — ^Next to the Shire came the Trything or Riding, a term which implies a third part; a mode of division in England now peculiar to Yorkshire, but common to Lincolnshire and some other counties in the Anglo-Saxon era. The chief magistrate was called the trything-man or lathgrieve, presiding over three, four, or more hundreds, formed into what was called a trything, hi some places a lathe, and in other places a rape. Hence the lathes of Kent, the rapes of Sussex, the parts of Lincoln, and the trythings or ridings of Yorkshire. Hundreds. — Subdivisions of the shires have existed since the age of Alfred, and hundreds, tythings, and hides, are named in the early Saxon laws, charters, and other records. The notices are, however, by no means precise, nor are they all consistent, either with themselves, or with what is found to exist of the ancient divisions in later times. The simplest view may be thus 7*2 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. stated ; — England was divided into hides — about 274,950 in number, and a hide of land, containing 100 or 130 acres, supported a free family— ten such free families constituted a tything — ten or twelve tythings a hundred — an in- definite number of hundreds a shire. The hundred is used in the Doomsday Eeturn (1086), as a well defined territorial division of the county. The hundred in East Anglia consisted of twelve leets, peoples, grouped by threes in four head leets — and the hypothesis, that the hundred generally should contain twelve tithings, each of which had a head man, tithingman, and the twelve tithingmen of the hundred a foreman, or hundred-man at its head, meet- ing in court twelve times a year, represents the Teutonic and northern theory of this institution, as accurately, perhaps, as any other that has been proposed. In this hypothesis, England should have been divided into 2,263 hundreds, and 27,156 tithings — districts undoubtedly of a convenient size for many administrative purposes, and agreeing closely with the number of sub-districts (2007), and enumeration districts (27,884), into which the country has been divided for the purpose of registration and of taking the census. In naming the districts corresponding to hundreds in Yorkshire, Lincoln- shire, and Nottinghamshire, the term "hundred" was abandoned and wapentake was used, and in the four northern counties of Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and Westmoreland we find " ward" used for the same purpose. This naming is supposed to have arisen from the warding or guarding neces- sary in that part of the country against the frequent incursions of the Scots. There is another peculiarity in the northern counties — the parishes hke those of Scotland, are seven or eight times as large as the parishes of the southern counties of England. The hundred-man, above mentioned, was the captain of his hundred in the time of war, was well as theu' civil magistrate in time of peace — and, for the performance of his duties, he received one third of all the fines imposed in his court. The court commonly met once every month, and all the members, in imitation of their German ancestors, came to it in armSj — a custom from which it obtained the name of the wapentac, or wapentake. At the beginning of each meeting, aU the members touched wdth their spears, that of the hundred-man, in token of their acknowledging his authority, and being ready to fight under his command. In these courts, the archdeacon, and sometimes the bishop, presided with the hundred-man, and both civil and ecclesiastical affairs were taken cognizance of in them. The hundred comts did not possess the power of inflicting capital punishments, an appeal lay from them to the trything the next superior court. Sessional Divisions. — The divisions existing in all the counties of England and Wales for the purposes of special and petty sessions, are in general based on the hundreds and other ancient county subdivisions. By the authority of various Acts of Parliament the justices at Quarter Sessions may alter and re-arrange these sessional divisions, and they are empowered to adopt the same limits as those of poor-law unions. In the exercise of these powers the justices have occasionally transferred parishes and places from one division to another, and, for the convenience of the constables or of the .public, annexed such parishes to others in a particular hundred of the division to which they have been iNTEODtrCTOEY EEtlEW. 73 assigned. By this transference, the parishes thus dealt with for a special pur- pose, have come to be considered for all purposes \Yliatever, parts of the hundred to which they have been added, and have thenceforward been deemed as much part of the hundred as any of the other parishes which may have been named as belonging to it in the Doomsday Survey. It seems clear, however, that while the justices have full power to divide the counties in any manner which they may think expedient for the convenience of holding sessions, they possess no authority to alter the ancient hundreds. That in practice a different view is taken in some counties is sufficiently obvious from the returns of the Clerks of the Peace. For the purposes of xissize and Gaol delivery, there are in England and Wales eight circuits of the judges, besides the jurisidiction of the Central Criminal Court at London. The circuits are known as the Home, Midland, Norfolk, Oxford, Northern, Western, North Whales, and South Wales circuits, and in- clude the counties situated in the parts of the country implied by their names. Municipal Cities and Boeoughs. — WTlen the Anglo-Saxons first invaded England " the woods" were no longer the " towns" of the natives. The Britons had been collected in cities, polished, but subjugated by the Eoman legionaries, who lived in villas and towns, on taxes which their publicans collected. As the Eoman towns still existed, some of their forms and institu- tions may have remained, and have impressed on the populations of London, York, and other cities, some modifications of the national institutions of the Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians. Those modifications can, hov/ever, rarely be traced. The condition and circumstances were no longer the same in the fertile cultivated soil of England as they had been on the western shores of the con- tinent, and the new races adapted themselves to the change, but their relations to each other, to their families, and to their princes, required free institutions of a character very different from the provincial organization of the declining Eoman empire. The Saxon borough was a modification of the hundred — the burgesses w^ere freemen bound to each other as neighbours, responsible for each other to surrounding communities, sharing common burdens, classified further in Guilds of Trades, or Companies, which sprang up with the divisions of labour, and banded fii*mly together for the defence of their walls and dwellings. " It must be clearly understood," observes one of the ablest of our constitutional historians, " that a Saxon Burgh was nothing more than a hundred or an assemblage of hundreds, surrounded by a moat, a stockade, or a wall, and the name of the hundred was actually given to some of the most considerable cities, burghs, and towns of England. No right was con- ferred or destroyed by the feeble fortifications which protected the burgesses, and the jurisdiction of the burgh-moot, or port-moot, differred from that possessed by the analogous districts in the open country, only iu consequence of the police required by a more condensed population, and the institu- tions, perhaps of a Eoman origin, which incorporated the trading portions of the community, all of which were extraneous to the primitive territorial jurisdiction of the burgh, and in no respect aftecting its constitutional exist- ence or nature. 74 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. The eleven cities of London, Bristol, Canterbuiy, Chester, Exeter, Glouces- ter, Lichfield, Lincoln, Norwich, Worcester, York — and the five towns of ICingston-upon-Hull, Newcastle-on-Tjne, Nottingham, Poole, Southampton, in England — and two, Gaermartheu and Haverfordwest, in Wales, are " Counties of themselves" — as was also the city of Coventry till lately. The cities on the old Roman sites maintained their independence of the country around them, as well as of the early Saxon kingdoms, to a larger extent than other towns, as is indicated by their independent county jurisdiction. Some of the ancient boroughs fell into decay, new boroughs sprang up in other parts of the country, many towns were created boroughs for purposes not now very intelligible, and with the rapid increase of population which com- menced after 1750, and has gone on for nearly a century — through three successive generations — the houses have spread beyond the limits of the old boroughs and cities. In 1835, a great change was made in their constitution, and the limits of many were enlarged by the adoption of the new^ boundaries, settled for the purposes of parliamentary elections, after an inquiry by com- missioners into the circumstances of each place. The affairs of municipal boroughs are administered by councils, elected in the several wards — by a mayor and aldermen, elected out of the council — auditors and assessors, elected by the burgesses — a treasurer and a town-clerk, appointed by the council. Such functionaries exist in every reformed borough — others may be appointed. Justices of the peace may be appointed by the Queen, so may salaried police magistrates, and a recorder, after petition by the council to the crown. There are coroners of the borough. The control of the police, the administration of justice, the lighting and paving of the streets, and other local functions, are in the hands of the corporations. The bur- gesses and householders, in many municipal boroughs, elect burgesses by majorities to serve in Parliament. Parliamentary Boroughs. — There were, in March, 1851, 200 cities, boroughs, and districts of boroughs in England and Wales, sending members to Pariiament, and 21 burghs, or district of burghs in Scotland. St. Alban's, disfranchised since 1851, is included in the English boroughs. Manors and their Distributon. — After his accession, in 1066, the Con- queror seized, besides the crown lands, the lands of the Anglo-Saxon, or Danish proprietors, who fell in the battle of Hastings, and, in the course of his reign, acquired the estates of many rebellious thanes. He distributed a large portions of these lands, as the pay of past and future services, among the chieftains in his army, who retained large domains for themselves, and distri- buted the rest, on similar terms, among the officers and men under their command. The estates of the church, and of the chief monasteries also, passed into the hands of the Norman clergy. The tenants who held imme- diately of the king, including ecclesiastical corporations, amounted to 1,400, the under tenants to 7,871, at the time of the great survey (a.d. 1086), which exhibits an apparently new division of the country into manors. In the Doomsday record, the kingdom is divided into the lands (terms) of the king, bishops, and tenants in chief [tenentes terras), and these again into manors, under the respective hundreds, which generally included the whole or parts INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. 76 of several manors. The ancient demesne of the crown consisted of 1,432 manors. Earl Moretaiue, the Conqueror's half-brother, held 973 manors — ■ Alan, Earl of Bretagne, 442 — Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, 439 — the Bishop of Coutance, 280 — Koger de Busli, 174 — six other tenants, 174, 164, 162, 150, 116, 100 manors. Thus 4,416 manors were held, 1,422 by the king, and 2,994 by eleven of his followers. Villa was another term for manor (mane- rium) or lordship, and in the Exeter Doomsday mansio is almost constantly used for manerium. The manor was what Bede had called the "place'' (locus), in the midst of which the churches were erected, or the old temples had stood, the village and surrounding neighbourhood, where the people lived for the sake of society and of defence, with their headman or thane, dwelling in his capacious hall, built of wood by the bondmen from his demesne, covered with reeds and straw, or a roof of wooden shingles, through which the smoke from the hearth ascended. This hall often became a strong man- sion, and the home of the chief tenant a castle, subsequent to the Norman conquest. The kingdom was held securely, — there was a military chief and a strong post in every parish of the country, surrounded by 60,215 knights, in the possession of as many feuds, fees, or portions of territory. ECCLESIASTICAL DIVISIONS. The division of the country into Dioceses, Archdeaconries, Deaneries, and Parishes, took place in very early times. Most of the present bishoprics were founded in the Anglo-Saxon period — originally there were three Archbishoprics, of Canterbury, York, and Carleon in Wales — these were subsequently reduced to the two former, the territory of the latter being annexed to the See of Canter- bury. Most of the Dioceses, on their first formation, had their limits co-exten- sive with the boundaries of the different kingdoms ; sub-divisions soon,hov/ever, were discovered to be requisite; and the council of Hertford, convened by Arch- bishop Theodore, decreed that as the faithful grew 4;o be more numerous the number of the sees should also be increased. The first sub-division was made by this prelate in the diocese of York, and afterwards repeated alterations were made from time to time, until at length the whole arrangement settled into its existing shape, excepting the addition made by Henry VIII., and by the recent acts of parliament. Henry founded seven new^ Bishoprics, viz., — Gloucester, Bristol, Peterborough, Oxford, Westminster, Chester and Man. The Bishopric of Westminster, however, only lasted till 1550, when it was again incorporated with the see of London, and the act of 6 and 7 Wm., IV., cap. 77, united into one the sees of Gloucester and Bristol, and created two additional — Manchester and Ripon. By this statute, the Ecclessiastical Commissioners were authorized to alter the limits of nearly all the rest, by effecting a tranference of parishes from one to another, with a view to the more convenient distribution of territoiy and population. Archdeaconries — were established soon after the conquest. The act of 6 & 7 Wm., IV., cap. 77, gives power to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to re-arrange the boundaries of the ancient, and to form certain new Archdoa- 76 iNTEODtJCTOSY BEVIEW. conries. The new ones formed in exercise of this authority, are Bristol, Maidstone, Monmouth, Westmoreland, Manchester, Lancaster, and Craven. Deaneries — were recognised Ecclessiastical divisions of a Diocese in Saxon times. They seem to have been designed to correspond with Hundreds in the poHtical division of the counti7, as Archdeaconries were possibly intended to correspond with Counties. The etymology of the word (Decanus) favours this idea, and it is not improbable that all such Deaneries originally embraced Districts with ten churches, and no more, their boundaries, once settled, have never been disturbed, although increase of population caused an increase in the number of religious edifices. Parishes. — The ancient primary division of the land, for spiritual purposes, was exclusively into ijarishes — but, in the course of time, as population in- creased, and additional churches were erected, Qextdaw portions of the particular parishes came to be assigned by custom to the newly established places of worship, and these at length, under the name of Chapelries, acquired bound- aries as definite and generally recognised as those of the parent parish. This is especially the case in the more northern counties, where, the parishes being of very large extent, while the population has increased ^vith great rapidity, the need for such a further subdivision soon became apparent. In more modern times many other districts have been originated by the force of similar circumstances, without however having obtained by custom or other- wise, any legally recognised boundaries. These conventional districts are generally created, upon the erection of a new church in any populous parish, by private arrangement between the rector or vicar of the mother parish, and the incumbent of the new benefice, and are formed solely for the purpose or ensuring a more effective spiritual oversight of the entire population. Changes in the Ancient Subdivisions of the County. — The counties of England have undergone considerable changes. The observance in Wales of peculiar laws and customs, combined '^uth the use of another language by the people, naturally tended to maintain in a marked manner the distinction, which still exists in a less degree, between the inhabitants of the principality, and those of England. In the reign of Henry VIII. considerable changes were effected in the Welsh counties, as well as in those bordering upon Wales. Under the Reform Act, the number of knights of the shire has been increased : an additional member has been given to each of seven counties — and each of twenty -five other counties has been divided into two parts, each of which is entitled to return two members instead of the two previously retmiied for the entire county. The following counties have been thus divided for the pur- p)0se of returning members to parliament:— Cheshire Cornwall Cumberland Derbyshire Devonshire Durham Essex Gloucestershire Hampshire Kent Lancashire Leicestershire Norfolk Northamptonshire Northumberland N ottin gh am shire Shropshire Somersetshire Staffordshire Suffolk Surrey Sussex Warwickshire Wiltshire Worcestershire IXTRODUCTOEY REVIEW. 7T Yorkshire and Lincolnshire also return additional members — the three Pddings having been adopted as tlie subdivisions of the former county, and the parts of Lindsey and those of Kesteven and Holland for the latter. A bill was introduced into paiiiament and received the Royal assent, 6th August, ] 844, under which every detached part of a county in England and Wales has become, since the 20th October, lSi4:, for all purposes part of the county in which it is situated. Under this Act Northumberland has gained an additional area of 64,389 acres, containing 19,035 inhabitants, by the annexation of the districts of Islandshire and Norhamshire, and other parts of Durham which were locally situated either north of Northumberland or in the body of that county. Origin of Tithes. — About the year 690, Ina, King of the West Saxons, made a code of laws, the fourth section of which is to the following purport, — > " The first-fruits of seeds, or church dues, arising from the product of corn, &c., are to be paid at the feast of St. Martin, and let him that fails in the payment forfeit 40s.," as Lambert reads it — or according to Sir Henry Spel- man, 60s. — and besides pay the dues twelve times over. In section 62nd, " Church dues are to be paid where the person owing them dwells in the midst of winter." These laws appear to be the fii'ston record respecting such maintenance for the church, and, on this account, are mentioned here. The gifts and oblations which the primitive christians, in their devotedness and zeal for religion, made, as acts of piety, were transformed by usage and custom, into a right, and are nov/ advanced into the firmer title of ordinance. Hence modern lawyers say, that tithes are due of common right, as having existed since the first establishment of churches, and made regular from the division of parochial limits. Queen Anne's Bounty. — Fiest-Fruits and Tenths. — From a very early period, every bishop and clergyman has been required to pay the amount of his first year's incumbency into a fund, called from thence " First Fruits,'' and every succeeding year as long as he is in possession of his living, he has been required to pay one-tenth part of his income into a fund, hence called " The Tenths y Ln 1 290, a valuation for this purpose was made of all the ecclesiastical livings in England, and the book containing that record is preserved in the Eemembrancer's office, under the title of " Valor of Pope Nicholas IV." At the time of the Reformation there was a law passed, that the first-fruits and tenths should be applied to the use of the state, and that any bishop or clergy- man neglecting to pay these imposts into the public treasury, should be declared an intruder into his living, and should forfeit double the amount — and in order 'to ascertain the full amount, an accurate and full valuation was made of all the ecclesiastical livings in England and Wales. Except during a short period in the reign of Philip and Mary, the first-fruits and tenths continued to be paid into the public exchequer, till the reign of Queen Anne, who, deploring the wretched condition of many of the poor clergy, owing to the insufficiency of their livings, determined that the first-fruits and tenths of the livings of all the bishops and clergy should be paid into a fund, called '• Queen Anne's Bounty," and that the amount should be appropriated to the 78 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. augmeutation of the livings of the poor clergy. As there was no fresh valua- tion instituted in the time of Queen Anne, the first-fruits and tenths continued to be paid according to that made by Henry VIII., in 1535, and which was registered in what is called the King's Book, Liber Regis, to which we shall frequently have to refer in the accounts of church livings, at subsequent pages. That this payment might not operate oppressively, the first year's income was to be paid by four annual instalments, and all livings of small value were entirely exempt, and hence called "discharged livings^ The increase which has taken place in the value of church livings since ] 535 is enormous, and were the first-fruits and tenths collected on the present valuation, they would yield, instead of £15,000, as at present, more than £350,000 — the net income of the Established Church of England and Vv^ales now amounting to £3,055,654 per annum, as appears from the report of the commissioners appointed by liis late majesty William IV., made on an average of the three years ending December 31st, 1831, and presented to parliament, 1835. The valuation of all the benefices, within the limits of this work, and in the Commissioners' Report of 1835, will be shown in the histories of the parishes and chapelries in the county. Old and New Poor Laws. — Judge Blackstone says, the Poor Laws are founded on the principles of civil society, and when the lands became property, they carried with them the charge of providing for the destitute. The pro- prietors of land, under the feudal system, provided for the poor, and when Christianity was introduced, each proprietor gave a tenth part of his produce to the church, one-fourth of which tithe was appropriated to the support of the indigent. This was the state of things when Henry VIIL, suppressed the monasteries and confiscated their property, part of which, as has been seen, was the real bona fide property of the poor, who deprived of their ancient rights, were left in a state of the utmost destitution. By the suppres- sion of the religious houses many thousands of artisans and labourers were thrown out of employment, and at the same time there was, in other quarters, less than the usual demand for labour. For such was the rage for turning everything into sheep-walks, tbat, on the one hand, the royal proclamations inform us tbat many villages were by this means entirely destroyed, and that one shepherd occupied ground that had before employed many families — while on the other, Hales, the royal commissioner, makes the same complaint, and states that, in consequence of the infraction of those laws, which forbade proprietors to keep more than two thousand sheep, and which ordered the ocQiipiers of Church lands to keep household upon their estates, and to plough as much laud as had been kept in tillage during the pre^dous twenty years, the number of tbe king's subjects had been wonderfidly diminished, as was ■ proved, he added, from the chronicles, and from the present and former books of musters. The result was anything but favourable to the employed labourer, and there were great numbers who could not procure work even at this disadvantage. In times of scarcity the clergy and monks were the support of the poor — now, the former were impoverished, the latter scattered or executed. On each monastic estate a portion of land had been gratuitously INTBODUCTOEY BEYIEW, 79 set apart as a common,' for the sole benefit of the poor, but this had vanished in the wreck of the monasteries, and even those commons, which had from time immemorial been occupied by none but the peasantry, were now frequently appropriated by the neighbouring gentry. Pining under afflictions which the new proprietors treated with indifference or scorn, they crowded along the roads, and begged with the strength of num- bers and with the eagerness of famine. They were exasperated, though they could not be repressed, because their sufferings were not alleviated, by statutes such as the most barbarous states have never issued. Whoever "lived idly or loiteringly for the space of three days" was to be branded as a vagabond, with the letter V upon his breast, and was to be doomed for two years to be the slave of his informer, bread and water was to be his food, an iron collar his badge, and "labour at any work however vile," or unlimited infliction " by beating, chaining, or other icise,'" his only alternative. Did he escape and elude pursuit for a fortnight, his cheek or forehead was to be branded with the letter S, as the mark of one that was now a slave for life. Did the wretched outcast escape a second time, he was treated as a convicted felon, and to add to this, they were not allowed to express their dissent — their fore- fathers might at least have petitioned against a new statute or any form of grievance, but they were to be mute and expect no mercy. Maddened by their sufferings and the severe restrictions imposed upon them, they broke out into open revolt, and tore down the enclosures which had been raised around the commons. This insurrection was, however, easily suppressed by means of foreign mercenaries, and the death of four thousand of the insurgents on the field and the gibbet, taught the remainder to bear their sufferings in silence. The poor continued in the same distressed circumstances till Queen Elizabeth imposed poor rates on all occupiers of land, houses, and other property. The New Poor Law was passed in 1834, and in speaking of these laws, an impar- tial writer, who has paid much attention to the subject, says, "it had for many years been admitted by successive administrations to be an evil of the greatest magnitude, which was eating like a canker into the heart of the nation, pauperising the labourers of whole counties, reducing them to deep degradation, taking away the motive and the reward of industry, and oppress- ing that capital which is to employ and remunerate labour. It had become the common practice in agricultural parishes, for the farmers to pay their workmen only half -wages, and to send them to the overseer for the rest of what was necessary for subsistence. The general rate of wages had fallen, and the parish eked out the support of the labourer. The farmers kept few or no hands regularly at work, but sent to the overseer for hands when they wanted them, and turned them adrift when the job was done. The overseer, in fact, was the general paymaster of the labourers — the able-bodied as well as the feeble and aged — and let them out like gangs of slaves, making as much of them as he could, but regarding himself as bound to make up to the work- man a certain weekly amount, which was paid to all indiscriminately, whether industrious or idle, whether frugal or improvident, whether drunken or sober, whether civil or insolent, whether good workmen or bad — with regai'd to uothhig 80 INTEODTJCTORY EEVIEW. but the number of their families. This system cut the very sinews of industry, took away its reward, and levelled all distinctions of skill and awkwardness, vice and virtue. It made every labourer a paiq^er, and all his family j^aupers. He had no encouragement for good conduct, he had no motive for caring to continue in the employment of his master, and his master had no interest in keeping him. The natural bond of connection between the employer and the employed was severed. The labourer, too, had a positive interest in marrying early, however imprudently, and in keeping all his children idle at home, be- cause his allowance from the parish w^as so much per head, and it w^as so calculated, that the labourer was richer and more comfortable as his family increased, though none of them worked at all. In like manner, a woman having illegitimate children, was actually a gainer by her shame, in con- sequence of the parish allowance. The New Poor Law has amended both the law and the 2^ractice. It has w'orked wonders in the agricultural districts. It has benefitted the employer, but it has benefitted the labourer infinitely more. Whole counties have been raised from the condition of pauper bondage, to the condition of well-paid workmen. It has diverted two millions of money from the degrading channel of parish j^ay into the honourable channel of wages of lahour. By that amount has it reduced the poor-rates, and every farthing thus saved is, no doubt, laid out in the better payment and more regular employment of labour. The benefit is mutual. The increased wages is com- pensated for by the reduced poor-rate. Master and man have now resumed their natural connection, and with it they have resumed their natural feelings of sympathy and interest. The workman, perhaps, has more care than before, just as a freeman has more care than a slave, but he has also more dignity, more comfort, and more virtue. He now puts his children out as soon as they are able or fit for work or service, instead of ruining them by keeping them idle at home. The rate of wages is generally raised, and the number of paupers is reduced in an astonishing manner. In West Sussex alone, the number is reduced from 4,72-9 (before the union) down to 327 — that is, 4,402 men are converted from slaves into freemen. Improvident marriages are much fewer than they were, and illegitimate children are greatly reduced in number. Now, what advantages can be compared with these — the inde- pendence of men, the chastity of women, the right training of children, the com- fort of faynilies, the fair and regular remuneration of industry? They are blessings which money cannot value, and figures cannot calculate." The average poor-rate for the kingdom in 1748, 1749, and 1750, was £730,135— for the year 1776, it was £1,720,316— and the average for the years 1783, 1784, and 1785, amounted to £2,167,748— and in 1803, it swelled to £5,348,204— and in 1817, to £9,320,440. The time had certainly arrived for a full investigation, and an endeavour to ascertain the cause, as the only way to order a remedy. A parliamentary commission was accordingly appointed, and an investigation made through all the kingdom, when a mass of the most appalling evidence was produced. The average annual amount of poor-rate paid for three years previous to the New Poor Law, was £5,332,904. In the year 1841, the amount was £4,028,287— in 1842, £4,172,018— in INTRODUCTOBY EEYIEW. ai 1843, £-1,406,088. If we add to these sums the expenses paid out of the general taxes, and the cost of building workhouses, the ratepayer cannot have benefitted very much yet by the change. Tlie salary paid to the three com- missioners is £2,000 a year each, and the eighteen assistant commissioners receive together £12,600 a year, which, with the salaries to their secretaries, clerks, &c., &c., amount to £50,173 per annum. Guardians of parishes are appointed under these, according to the population, to carry out the measure. The poor-rate during the year 1851-52 was £6,552,289, and was assessed in the following manner : — On land, including farm-houses, £2,707,527 — on houses, including warehouses and factories, £3, 124, 526 — on tithes, £295, 056 — coal mines, £61,191 — saleable underwoods, £28,524 — canals, £28,471 — rail- ways, £204,871 — other property, £102,032. The whole amount raised by local rates in England and AVales during, the same period, was as follows : — Poor-rate, £6,552,298 — highway-rate, £1,662,575 — county-rate and county police-rate, £820,134— borough-rate, £509,028— land-tax, £1,130,917— total, £10,674,962 — to which must be added church-rates, an item which would probably not do much more than raise the amount to £11,000,000, but, by some strange negligence, the return from which these figures are taken omits to include church-rates, though it is stated that the returns relating to church-rates were presented to parliament last August. The Poor Law Unions into which Northumberland is divided will be described in the histories of the Towns or Parishes in which the workhouses are situated. Population and other Statistics from the most Authentic Sources. — The area of England is 50,922 square miles, Scotland 31,324, and Wales 7,398, the Islands in the British Seas 394, making a total of 90,038 square miles. The following table shovvS the distribution of the soil of Great Britain in statute acres :- — Arable and Gardens. Meadows, Pastures, & Marshes. Wastes capable of Improve- ment. Incapable of Im- provement. Total in Statute Acres. England ...... Wales Scotland .... British Islands . 10,252,800 8yO,570 2,483,050 109,630 15,379,200 2,220,430 2,771,050 274,060 3,454,000 530,000 5,950,000 160,000 3,250,400 1,105,000 8,523.930 509,409 32,342,400 4,752,000 19,738,930 1,119,159 Totals .... 13,740,950 20,650,740 10,500,000 13,454,799 57,952,489 M INTEODUCTOEY EEYIEW. The number of farms in the United Kingdom is estimated at 2,000,000, and the property derived from agriculture in Great Britain and Ireland, £216,817,624. The value of land m England is estimated at £128,000,000. The following table exhibits the population of Great Britain and of the Islands in the British Seas, including the army, navy, and merchant sea- men, abroad as well as at home, at the six undermentioned periods : — Great Britain and Islands in England Islands in Date of the the British and the British Enumeration. Seas. Wales. Scotland. Seas. March 10th, 1801 10,917,433 9,156,171 1,678,452 82,810 May 27th, 1811.. 12,424,120 10.454,529 1,884,044 85,547 May 28th, ] 821.. 14,402,643 12,172,664 2,137,325 92,654 May 29th, 1831.. 16,564,138 14,051,986 2,405,610 106,542 June 7th, 1841.. 18,813,786 16,035,198 2,652,339 126,249 March 31st, 1851 21,121,967 18,054,170 2,922,362 145,435 lu 185], there were in Great Britain and the Islands in the British Seas 3,670,192 inhabited houses, 166,735 uninhabited, and 29,194 in process of erection, making a total of 3,866,121 houses. The number of the male population of Great Britain at the same period was 10,386,048 — of the female population, 10,735,919 — the females exceeded the males by 349,871, and the males at home were 10,223,558, consequently the females exceeded by 5 1 2,36 1 the males in Great Britain. To every 100,000 females the males were 96,741, including 1,538 males abroad, the exclusion of whom leaves 95,203 males at home. In 1851, there were to eveiy 20 males at home 21 females. The following table gives the Bu'ths, Deaths, and the excess of Births over Deaths, in England and Wales, 1841 — 1850. PEESONS. MALES. EEMAT.ES. Years. Births. Deaths. Excess. Births. Deaths. Excess. 1 Bkths. Deaths. Excess. 1841 512,158 343,847 168,311 262,714 174,198' 88,.516 249,444 169,649 79,795 1842 517,739 349,519 168,220 265,204 176,594 88,610 252,535 172,925 79,610 1843 527,325 346,445 180,880 270,577 175,721 94,856 256,748 170,724 86,024 1844 540,763 i 356,933 183,830 277,436 181,126 96,310 263,327 175,807 87,520 1845 543,521 349,366 194,155 278,418 177,529 100,889 265,103 171,837 93,266 1846 572,625 390,315 182,310 293,146 198,325 94,821 279,479 191,990 87,489 1847 539,965 423,304 116,661 275,658 214,375 61,283 1 264,307 208,929 55,378 1848 563,059 399,833 163,226 288,346 202,949 85,397 274,713 196,851 77,862 1849 578,159 440,853 137,306 295,158 221,801 73,357 283,001 219,052 63,949 1850 593,422 368,986 224,436 302,834 186,459 116,375 i 290,588 182,527 108,061 TNTEODUCTOBY EEVIEW. 83 The following table gives the number of inhabited houses and the number of families in Great Britain, at each Census, from 1801 to 1851 inclusive, also the number of persons to a house, and the number of persons to a family : — Inhabited Persons to a Persons to a Years. Houses. Families. House. Family. 1801 1,870,476 2,260,802 5-614 4-645 1811 2,101,597 2,544,215 5-090 4-705 1821 2,429,630 2,941,383 5-800 4-791 1831 2,850,937 3,414,175 5-704 4-763 1841 3,446,797 no returns. 5-377 no returns. 1851 3,648,347 4,312,388 5-706 4-825 Note. — This table does not include the Islands in the British Seas. It ^Yill be seen by the foregoing table that the number of inhabited houses in Great Britain has nearly doubled in the last half century, and that upwards of two millions of new families have been founded. The number of persons to a house has increased from 6-6 to 5*7, consequently the increase in the number of houses has not quite kept pace with the increase in the population. The increase in the number of persons to a family, in the same period, has been from 6-4 to 6-8. A certain portion of the people, for various reasons, are lodged in detached large buildings, such as barracks, prisons, workhouses, &c., the subjoined table gives the number and class of such public institutions in Great Britain, in 1851, and the number of persons inhabiting them : — Class of Institution. Number. Persons inhabiting them. Males. Females. Total. Barracks Workhouses .... Prisons Lunatic Asylums.. Hospitals Asylums, &c 174 746 257 149 118 573 44,833 65,786 24,593 9,753 5,893 27,183 9,100 65,790 6,300 11,251 5,754 19,548 53,933 131,582 30,959 21,004 11,647 46,731 Total .... 2,017 178,041 117,815 295,856 84 TNTKODUCTOEY REVIEW. Of the 295,856 persons in the aggregate, occupying these 2,017 iustitu- tious, 260,340 were inmates, and 35,516 officers and servants, consequently there were about seven inmates to one officer or servant. The excess of males over females in these institutions, about 60,000, is chiefly exhibited in the barracks and in the prisons — in the latter, from the fact that crime is four times as prevalent among men as among women. The equality of sexes in workhouses is remarkable. In the lunatic asylums there is a preponderance of females. The population sleeping in barns, in tents, and in the open air, is comprised chiefly of gipsies, beggars, criminals, &c., together with some honest but unfortunate people out of employment, or only temporarily employed. The number of these houseless classes, in 1851, was 18,249, in 1841, they amounted to 22,203. The annexed table gives the number of persons enumerated in barns, tents, and barges, and in vessels in ports, either engaged in inland navigation or sea-going vessels, on the night of the Census of 1851 : — ' Males. Females. Total. Tn T^avCTpq .................. 10,395 7,251 4,614 7,730 41,165 2,529 12,924 2,721 9,972 3,663 8,277 845 ; 8,575 2,008 i 43,173 In Open Air in Tents In Vessels in the Ports, engaged in Inland Navigation In Sea-going Vessels in the Ports Total 71,155 11,766 82,921 Law of Population. — We do not intend to discuss here what has been sometimes called the Law of Population, further than briefly to state how the increase of population depends on many elements, which vary, and produce various results — sometimes identical in the mere numbers which they present at the Census, but difi'erent under all other aspects. The numbers, and consequently the increase or decrease, of people in a civilised country, depend upon the age of marriage and the age of the parents when their children are born — the numbers who marr}', and the fertility of the marriages — the duration of life — the activity of the migi'ation flowing into or out of the country. These acts more or less influence each other, and, in the present condition of statistical mformation, the precise efi"ect of such a change . in any one of them involving others cannot be determined. It will be suffi-; cient to point out the effect of change in each element, while the others re- main constant. Introductory review. 85 1. The numbers of the population bear a definite relation to the duration of life, or to the mean lifetime. Thus, if the mean lifetime of a population be 30 years, then if the births are 100,000 a year, and remain uniform, the population will be 30 times 100,000, or 3,000,000. Now, the births remain- ing the same, let the lifetime be gradually extended to 40 or 50 years, then the population becomes 4,000,000 or 5,000,000. The deaths, upon this hj^po- thesis, will be equal to the births, and the same in number when the population is five as when it is four or three millions. 2. The interval from the birth of one generation to the birth of their descendants of the generation following, bears also a definite relation to the numbers, which increase as the interval is shortened. Thus, if the popula- tion increases at the rate of 1"329 annually, and if the intervening time from generation to generation is 33^ years, it follows that the increase from gene- ration to generation is 55 per cent — or that every 1,000 women are succeeded, at the interval of 33-^ years, by 1,553 women — every tivo couples, male and female, by three. If the interval is contracted, and the increase from 1,000 to 1,553 takes place in 30 years, the annual rate of population increases, simply on this ground, from 1*329 to 1*477 per cent — and, as we assume by hypothesis that the births and the lifetime remain the same, the population would be ultimately one-ninth part more numxorous than it was under the former conditions. Early marriages have the effect of shortening the interval between generations, and tend in this way to increase the population. 3. An increase in the fertility of marriages wiU evidently cause an increase in the population. 4. In ordinary times, a large proportion of the marriageable women of every country are unmarried, and the most direct action on the population is produced by their entering the married state. Thus, in Surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hants, and Berks, the number of w^omen of the age of 20 and under the age of 45 amounted, at the last Census, to 290,209 — of whom 169,806 were wives, and 120,403 were spinsters or widows. 49,997 births were registered in the same counties during the year 1850, or ten children were born in 1850 to every 58 women living in 1851. Of the children, 46,705 were born in wed- lock, 3,292 were born out of w^edlock — consequently, 36 wives bore in the year ten children, and of 366 unmarried women of the same age (20-45) ten also gave birth to children. A change in the matrimonial condition of a large proportion of the 120,403 unmarried women, out of 290,209 women at the child-bearing age, would have an immediate effect on the numbers of the population — and, if continued, by increasing the rate of birth to the living through successive generations, would operate on population like an increase in the rate of interest on the increase of capital. 5. The eff'ect of migration on the numbers of the population is evident. It is probable, that the immigration of Irish has contributed to the increase of the population in England — and it is certain that the emigration from the United Kingdom contributes largely to the increase of the popuhition of the United States. The emigrants are a self-perpetuatiug bod}' in healthy climates, and they increase faster abroad than the general population at home, as they contain an excess of the population at the re-productive age — so that, S6 INTEODUCTOEY EEVTEW. if their numbers are added together, it is certain that we get, in the aggregate, a number much below the number of the survivors. The population of the United Kingdom, including the army, navy, and merchant seamen, was 31,272,187 in 1821, and about 27,724,849 m 1851— but, in the inteiwal, 2,685,747 persons emigrated, who. if simply added to the population of the United Kingdom, make the survivors and descendants of the races within the British Isles in 1821, now 30,410,595. The following table exhibits the number and destination of the emigrants from the United Kingdom from 1840 to 1852. TO NOETH TO TJNiTED TO AESTEATTAN TO ALL YEAES. AilEEICAN COLONIES. STATES COLONIES AND NEW ZEALAND. OTHERPLACES. TOTAL. 1840 32,293 40,642 15,850 1,958 90,743 1841 38,164 45,017 32,625 2,786 118,592 1842 54,123 63,852 8,534 1,835 128,344 1843 23,518 28,335 3,478 1,881 57,212 1844 22,924 43,660 2,229 1,873 70,686 1845 31,803 58,538 830 2,330 93.501 1846 43,439 82,239 2,347 1,826 129,851 1847 109,680 142,154 4,949 1,487 258,270 1848 31,065 188,233 23,904 4,887 248,089 1849 41,367 219,450 32,191 6,490 299,498 1850 32,961 223,078 16,037 8,773 280,849 1851 42,605 267,357 21,532 4,472 335,966 1852 32,876 244,261 87,881 3,749 368,764 It would appear from the foregoing table that the number of emigrants in 1852 amounted, on an average, to upwards of a tlwusancl a day. 6. Finally, the numbers of population are increased by an abundance of the necessaries of life, and reduced by famines, epidemics, and public calami- ties, affecting the food, industry, and life of the nation. The pestilences of the middle ages — the famine, the influenza, and the cholera of modern times — are examples of one class of these agences — ^the security, and freedom which England has latterly enjoyed, are examples of the beneficient effect of another class of influences, not only on the happiness of the people, but also on the numbers which the country can sustain at home, and can send abroad to cultivate, possess, and inherit other lands. EXTENT, POPULATION, CLASSIFICATION, AND IM- IMPORTANCE OF THE BRITISH COLONIES AND MARITIME POSSESSIONS. The Colonies and Transmarine possessions of England, of which we intend here to give an outline, are so vast in then extent, so varied in their position, so diversified in their population, forms of government, products, and capabili- ties, that it is difficult to convey in a few words a just idea, of their relative importance — if aiTanged according to their positions in the temperate or torrid zones, a veiy imperfect estimate would be formed of their capabihties, INTRODUCTORY REVIEW," 87 as tlie degree, of elevation above the level of the sea materially influences the products of the soil — moreover, some territories principally situated in the temperate zone, may be extended to the tropic, as Australia — some settle- ments reach from the torrid to the temperate regions, as Hindoostan, and British America stretches to the Arctic Circle. The following is a classification of them according to their territorial Impor- tance, Commercial Value, and Maritime Position : — Possessions Combining Terettoeial Impoetance, Commercial Value, and M.^JiiTTME Position. — Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Scinde, the Punjaub, Assam, AiTacan, Tavoy, Tennasserim, Wellesley Province, Ceylon, Malacca, New South Wales, Port Pbihp, South Australia, Western AustraUa, Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand, Cape of Good Hope, Canada (Lower), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Jamaica, Honduras. Trinadad, and British Guiana. Teeeitoeial Iimpoetance. — Canada (Upper), Rupert's Land, Vancouver's Island, Hudson's Bay Territories, Prince Edward's Island, Natal, Northern Australia, aud other parts of New Holland, the Central Provinces of India, and the Punjaub. Commeecial Value. — Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island, Barbadoes, St. Vincents, Grenada, Tobago, Antigua, Dominica, St, Christophers, Lucia, Nevis, Montserrat, the Bahamas, Sierra Leone, the Gambia, Mauritius, Ionian Islands, Penang, and Siugapore. Maeitime Position. — Gibraltar, Malta, Gozo, Bermuda, Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Cape Coast Castle, Accra, Annamboe, the Falkland Islands, Seychelles, St. Helena, Ascension, Heligoland, Aden, Hong Kong, Labuan, Auckland Islands, and the Andaman, and other Islands in the Eastern Seas. This classification, though perhaps the least objectionable, is still imperfect, for it is evident that several of the West India Islands, and other settlements, are of political as well as commercial value, by affording secure havens for our shipping — thus, mere fortresses such as Gibraltar, are useful commercial depots, as well as political posidons, and, with few exceptions, are all of some territorial importance from their rich and productive soil. The following is the geographical position of our maritime possessions and dependencies. In Eueope. — Gibraltar, Malta, Gozo, Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Santa Maura, Ithaca, and Cerigo, in the Mediterranean, — and Heligoland in the German Ocean. Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark, have been held as fiefs of the crown since the reign of William the Conqueror. The area of these territories and dependencies is about fifteen hundred square miles — population nearly half a million. In Asia. — Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Scinde, the N.W. provinces of Hin- doostan, the Punjaub, Assam, Arraean, Tavoy, Tennasserim, Wellesley Province, and Malacca ; the Islands of Ceylon, Penang, Singapore, Labuan, Hong Kong. Area (in round numbers) seven hundred thousand square miles. Population about one hundred and twelve millions. In addition to this terri- tory actually belonging to the British crown in Asia, there are tributary states extending over half a million of square miles, and containing more than fifty millions of people. 88 ' lI?T3iODUCTOEY REVIEW. In Africa. — The Cape of Good Hope, and Natal, the Mauritius and Seychelles Islands, Aden in Arabia, Sierra Leone, the Gambia, Cape Coast Castle, Accra, and Annamboe, the Islands of St. Helena, and Ascension, — area, four hundred thousand square miles — population eight hundred thousand. In Noeth America. — The Canadas (Upper and Lower), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Cape Breton, and the Islands of Prince Edward, Newfound- land, Vancouver, and Queen Charlotte ; with an area of more than half a million square miles, and two millions of inhabitants. We have also on the continent of North America, the territories belonging to, and under, the con- trol of the Hudson Bay Company, extending from the northern frontiers of Canada to the Arctic Ocean, and from- the iVtlantic to the Pacific, which comprises upwards of three million square miles, and a popualtion of about one hundred and twenty thousand. In South America. — Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice, Honduras and the Falkland Islands. Area about two hundred thousand square miles, — population one hundred and fifty thousand. In Australasia. — The great Island of New Holland, which contains the settlements of New South Wales, Port Philip, South Australia, Western Australia, Northern Australia, Van Diemen's Land, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, and the Auckland Islands. Area more than three millions of square miles — population rather more than half a million, of whom about 830,000 are Europeans and their descendants. In the West Indies. — The islands of Jamaica, the Caymans, Trinidad, Tobago, Barbadoes, St. Vincents, Grenada, Antigua, St. Lucia, Dominica, St. Christophers, Ne^ds, Montserrat, Anguilla, Tortola, and the Virgin Islands, Providence, the Bahamas, and the Bermudas. Area about twenty thousand square miles — population nearly one million. Total area, eight millions of square miles — population, about one hundred and twenty millions. The numerous, intelligent, and industrious population inhabiting the British trans-marine territories are as varied in their appearance, character, language, and religion, as the diversified regions in which they dwell. British India possesses a greater variety of races than the continent of Europe. Some of the subjects of the crown in the East are bold and warlike, others timid and peaceful — some of olive hue, with Roman noses and flowing hair, others have the Negro characteristics — some use a polished language, others a barbarous jargon — some are Monotheists, others sunk in the grossest idolatry — some generous and confiding, others treacherous and distrustful. Even in the island of Ceylon there are three races — the coast Cingalese, the Kandians, and the aborigines or Vedhas. In some of our Eastern possessions, Malays predominate — in others, as at Singapore and Hong Kong, Chinese constitute the mass of the popidation. A fine race, termed the Parsees or Guebers, have settled in Bombay from Persia, and many Armenians reside in Calcutta, while Jews dwell in several of our Indian settlements. In the West Indies there are nearly a million Negroes of African descent, and in Guiana and Honduras several aboriginal tribes still remain. There are also in our western colonies many Mulattoes, the offspring of the white and dark-coloured races. The INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. 80 jMirely wliite race are few in number, and are descended from the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese in the West Indies. In British North America there are about two miUions of white inhabitants, of whom six hundred thousand are of French descent, and the remainder of Enghsh, Scotch, and Irish. There are also about one hundred thousand Indians in the territories confided to the management of the Hudson's Bay Company. .In South Africa, the British subjects are Dutch, English, Hottentots, Caffres, &c. At the Isle of France and Seychelles, principally French — at Aden, Arabs — on the west coast of Africa, Negroes. In Australasia, there are about three hundred and twenty-five thousand of the Anglo-Saxon and Celtic races, there are probably one hundred thousand New Zealanders, a fine race — and scattered savage hordes, in Australia. At Gibraltar, there is a medley of many Mediterranean and African races. At Malta, a peculiar population, partaking of the characteristics of the various nations under whose dominion the island has passed. In the Ionian Islands, the inhabitants are principally Greek, with some Venetian blood — in Heligoland, German — and in the Nor- man or Channel Islands, French. The languages spoken throughout the British empire are English, French, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Persian, Arabic, Maltese, Chi- nese, Armenian, Hindoostanee, Bengallee, Mahratti, Tamul, Teloogoo, Carna- tica, Ooria, Cingalese, Malay, Burmese or Assamese, Hottentot, Caffre, Negro, New Zealand, and various unwritten tongues. There are about 5,000,000 Christians in our foreign possessions, including the Latin, Greek, Syriac, and Lutheran churches. There are about 50,000,000 Hindoos, professing the religion of Brahma, about 20,000,000 Mahommedans, about 10,000,000 Buddhists, a small number of the Zoroaster creed, and the remainder are idolaters of various descriptions. Climate, food, and drink, as well as religion, laws, and language, produce differences in thought, feeling and action. The Indo-British subject, living on the verge of the Himalaya mountains, is a totally different being from his fellow-citizen dwelling in the flat regions of Bengal. The Mussulman of Calcutta, who eats animal food, possesses far more energy and intelligence than the Hindoo dwelling in the same city, who lives on rice and water. The ponderous brandy drinking-boor of South Africa, is a totally different man from the vivacious French Canadian, on the banks of the St. Laurence. A wide difference is invariably found to exist between the denizens of a low, hot, and damp region, and those of an elevated, cool, and dry atmosphere — varieties of food and drink produce equally distinctive effects. Estimating the whole population of the British Empire at 130,000,000, not more than"2G,000,000 consume flesh abundantly, about 10,000,000 eat of it sparingly, 24,000,000 occassionally partake of it, and 70,000,000 live principally on vegetables and fish. Wheat, oats, and barley, constitute the principal graminivorus food of 34,000,000, potatoes, pulse, and other vegetables of about 10,000,000, and rice, maize, millet, and several minor grains, of about 80,000,000 people. With regard to fermented or distilled drink, about 10,000,000 use wine frequently, 95,000,000 malt liqours, 35,000,000 distilled Uquors, and, about 60,000,000 F 2 90 .TNTilODtTCTOEY EETIEW. confine themselves chiefly to aqueous beverages. About one-half the popula- tion of the British Empire reside within the temperate, and the other half within the torrid zone. These facts show that the British is far from being a homogeneous empire, they indicate the great care required even in the application of ordinaiy rules, much more in the adaptation of abstract principles to vast and varied masses of men under different desrrees of civilisation. o The existing colonies and possessions of England have been settled or' acquired chronologically, as follows : — Barbadoes (our oldest colony) in 1605 — Bermuda, 1609 — Surat Factoiy, 1611 — Nova Scotia, 1621 — Newfoundland, 1623 — Nevis, 1628 — Bahamas, 1629— the Gambia and Gold Coast Forts, 1618 to 1631 — Antigua, Montserrat, and St. Christopher's, 1632 — Fort St. George, or Madras, 1654 — St. Helena, 1654-5 — Jamaica, 1655 — -Fort William, or Calcutta,, 1656 — Bombay Island, 1661 — the Virgin Islands, 1666 — Hon- duras, ]670 — Hudson's Bay territories, 1670 — Gibraltar, 1704 — Canada, 1759 — St Vincent's, Grenada, Tobago, and Dominica, 1763 — Bengal Pro- ■sinces, 1768 — Prince Edward Island, 1771 — Benares Province, 1775 — Guntoorand the Circars in Southern India, 1778 — New Brunswick, 1784 — Penang, 1786 — Sierra Leone, 1787 — New South Wales, Australia, 1787 — Andaman Islands, 1793 — Ceylon, 1795 — Trinidad, 1797 — the Provinces of Tanjore, Cauara, Malabar, Wynaad, and Coimbatoor, in Southern, and of Alla- habad, Moradabad, Bareilly, Ptohilcmid, and the Doab, in Northern India, 1799-1800— Malta and Gozo, 1800— Perim Island, ] 800— Van Dieman's Island, J 803— British Guiaua, 1803— St. Lucia, ] 803— Delhi, Agra, Meerut, Hurriana, and Etawah, in Northern, and Cuttack, Balasore, and Juggernaut, in Southern India, and several Mahratta districts in 1803-5 — Cape of Good Hope, 1806 — Mauritius and Seychelles, 1810 — Ionian Islands, 1810-11 — the Dec can and Nerbudda Provinces, 1818-19 — Singapore, 1819 — Arracan and the Teuasserim Provinces, 1824 — Malacca, 1826 — AVestern Australia, 1829— Aden, 1838— South Austraha, 1834-5— Port Philip, ] 835— New-Zea- land, 1839— Falkland Islands, 1841— Hong Kong, 1842-43— Sciude Pro- vince, 1844 — Natal, 1844 — Labuau, 1847 — Vancouver's Island, 1848— and the Punjaub Province, in 1849. But a small portion of our possessions have been, in the strict sense of the word, colonised from England. Barbadoes, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Upper Canada, Bermudas, Antigua, Mont- serrat, Nevis, Virgin Islands, Australasia, and New Zealand, were planted by settlers from Great Britain — most of our other possessions have been acquired by conquest and cession. Ceylon, the Cape of Good Hope, and Demerara, were taken from the Dutch — Jamaica, Gibraltar, and Trinidad, from the Spaniards — Canada, St. Vincents, Grenada, Tobago, Dominica, St. Lucia, Mauritius, j\Ialta, and the Ionian Islands, were captured from the French — Aden from the Arabs, Hong Kong from the Chinese, and the Punjaub from the Sikhs. Our colonies offer a noble field for industry. They could sustain with ease an addition of one hundred millions to then' present population. In the Canadas there are not six individuals to each square mile of area, in Australasia INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. 01 not three, in Soutliem Africa not two. From seven to elglit millions sterling are now annually expended in the United Kingdom in the support of two millions of paupers — if a portion of that sum were appropriated towards the conveyance of a part of the able-hodied ^5oor to the less populated parts of the empire, a grievous burden, w^hich is now weighing down the energies of the country, would be converted into a source of wealth and strength to the nation — unprofitable consumers would become producers of food and other exchangeable articles, demanding in return our manufactures, and the waste lands of the crown would become sources of national and individual prosperity. Considerably more than two hundred millions sterling have been levied by law, and expended for the relief of the poor in England and Wales, since the year 1815, The sum which it costs to maintain a pauper in England would convey him to another part of the empire, where he might, in the same space of time, be a useful consumer instead of a waster of capital. Every tree felled, every acre cultivated in our colonies, furnishes additional employment for the looms, shipping, and commerce of England, and our rich possessions in tbe East and West Indies are capable of furnishing an inex- haustible supply of tropical and other products, so much in demand through- out Europe and America. By judiciously directing the stream of emigration where it may fertilise our own waste lands, we not only provide for the imme- diate exigencies of a superabundant population, but we preserve to ourselves the main element of national strength, and thus render it conducive to the permanent welfare of the empire. China, Japan, Corea, Cochin China, and Siam — containing nearly one-half the population of the globe — are scarcely yet known to us, and our possessions in the Pacific and Indian Oceans may be the means of opening the door for extensive intercourse with these vast regions. Again, the colonies afford a vast sphere of action for enterprising or restless spirits, who, with good education but limited means, are desirous of improving their condition. How many young men, of good family and of industrious habits, have found honourable and lucrative employment in the East and West Indies, North America, Australia, &c. The East Indian and Colonial Civil Services contain many able and distinguished servants of the crown, whose minds, expanded by their position, fit them for the government of an empire, and the Anglo-Indian army of two hundred thousand men is commanded by mihtary officers whose science, skill, and prowess is unsurpassed by that of any other army in the world. There are few counties in the United Kingdom in whose soil wealth acquired in the colonies has not been invested. British India alone, in payment of military, civil, and other charges, pensions, S:q., has remitted to England in bullion and produce at least three millions sterling annually for the last fifty j^ears, making the enormous sum of £150,000,000. Sir Charles Forbes, whose name is revered at home, and almost worshipped in India, declared in parliament, that " the wealth which England has obtained from the natives of India would, at compound interest, pay oft' the National Debt !" By means of her colonies, England is enabled to assume a high national position, and, in the event of a general European war arising, she is inde- pendent of every foreign country for the supply of the necessaries or luxuries of life, or for the raw materials required for her manufactures. In estimating 92 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. tlie political value of our colonies, it must not be forgotten tliat their posses- sion gives an enlarged tone even to the minds of those who have never quitted the shores of Britain. Mere islanders, whose views and thoughts are limited to the narrow territory in which they dwell, acquire contracted ideas, unsuited to the policy of a great nation, but England exists in each quarter of the globe, her people become familiarised with the distant regions of the earth, and a national spirit is fostered, eminently conducive to the creation and preservation of a vast empire. — R. Montgomery Martins British Colonies. TURNPIKES, RAILWAYS, &c. At an early period, contrivances to facilitate and accelerate the intercourse between the various districts of a nation, forced themselves intuitively on the human mind, and in proportion as civilisation and commerce advanced, artificial canals and pubHc roads were constructed. To the facilities thus effected, are the commercial nations of Europe indebted for much of their superiority of power and opulence over other parts of the world. The first law for making turnpike roads in England, was enacted in 1662, and the first toll- gate was erected in 1679, on the London and Harwich road. The roads in every part of the kingdom have been greatly improved within the last thirty years, and the conveyance and speed of stage coaches have been also greatly improved since the close of the eighteenth century, but all are novv^ superseded by Railroads. To extend and expedite the stream of communication, is to accelerate the current of commerce, to give an impulse to the flood of prosperity, and a fructifying and beneficial circulation to a floating capital. Railways call into action a vast quantity of manual labour and unappropriated wealth, and by finding employment for the surplus population, greatly increase the prosperity of the nation. They have a beneficial effect on manufactures, mines, and agriculture. The fictitious value of land sur- rounding large towns will be greatly moderated, and a portion of their advantages transferred to more remote districts. The railroads have a certain influence in bringing into cultivation the waste lands through which they pass, and of rendering available the immense stores of coal, iron, stone, and other minerals, locked up in the bowels of the earth. The comfort and expedition afforded by them to passengers, cause thousands, who would otherwise seldom leave their own localities, to take frequent journeys on business and pleasure. The great chain of railways, and the numerous branches with which the king- dom is novr nearly traversed, will realise all the advantages of centralisation, and thus prevent the necessity of crowding together large masses of people within small places, and they have given to the entire countiy a share of those opportunities of improvement, previously mxonopolised by large towns and their vicinities. Within the last forty years, the giant power of steam may be said, to have revolutionised the world. In the language of J3ouglas Jerrold, we have in the rail a nevf distributive instrument of the produce of labour, a new vehicle of personal communication, as rapid as it is certain, the discovery of wdiich is peculiar to this century. Engineers have realised INTEODUCTOEY EEV.TEW. 93 the poet's dream, the locomotive and the electric telegraph surpass the marvels of Ai'abiau fiction, making matter and the elements subservient to man's will. The progress of railways was, at first, very slow. In every twelve months from 1801 to 1821, only one railway on an average, was formed. From 1825 to 1835, acts of parliament were obtained for 54 new lines, and in 1836, no less than 29 new projects were sanctioned, and in 1837, fifteen were added to the list. In ] 840, the railway legislation consisted in amendments to lines already in existence, though about 500 additional miles of railways were how- ever, brought into operation. The year 1841, was equally inactive, no passenger line of any note being sanctioned, but, in 1842 there appeared signs of renovated vigour in the railway world, three bills having been obtained for new lines. In J 844, the number of raihvays sanctioned, was 26; the total length of which being 797|- miles, with a share capital of £11,121,000 and a power to borrow £3,072,994. In this year, the length of railways was increased to 1,900 miles, and the number of passengers exceeded 30,000,000. " Nearly sixty millions of capital," says the Edinburgh Heview, " had been expended in little more than ten years, on these enterprises, — but all the principal lines paid large profits. Dividends of ten per cent., were declared, and shares rose to cent, per cent, premium. The demand for railway shares was enormous, and a supply of corresponding magnitude soon met it. In 1845, 300 miles of new railway were opened for traffic, and acts were passed by the legislature, sanctioning projects in which the construction of a further extent of 1800 miles of railway was undertaken." The Gross Traffic Receipts of Railways in the United Kingdom for the year 1853, amounted to £17,900,000 on 6944 miles of railway, showing an increase over the preceding year of £2,040,220. The following table exhibits interesting details to the latest date, of the weekly traffic, receipts per mile, cost per mile, and the capital expended, on the various railways in the United Kingdom from 1842 to 1853, inclusive — Average traffic Average cost Capital ex- Traffic receipts per of railways pended on Years. receipts. mile per week. per mile. railways. 1842 £4,341,781 £3,113 £34,690 £52,380,100 1843 4,842,050 3,083 36,360 67,635,000 1844 1,610,080 3,278 35,670 63,489,100 1845 6,669,230 3,469 35,070 71,647,000 1846 7,689,870 3,305 31,860 83,165,100 ]847 8,975,071 2,870 31,709 109,528,000 1848 10,085,206 2,556 34,234 148,200,300 1849 11,065,824 2,302 35,214 181,000,000 1850 12,809,085 2,:>27 35,229 219,762,730 1851 14,997,459 2,283 35,058 229,175,235 1852 15,710,554 2,238 34,630 230,467,453 1853 17,900,000 2,471 35,101 252,802,320 94, INTEODUCTORY EEYIEW. ^ The returns for 1853 include the weekly traffic published for that year, amounting to £16,845,531, and an estimated amount of £1,100,000 for 28 lines of raihvay ^Yhose traffic returns are not published weekly. The aggregate mileage of railways in the United Kingdom is, according to Hackett's valuable tables, 7,774 miles, which gives the average receipts per mile at £2,305, the cost of construction of 7,774 miles amounts to £263,636,320, equal to an average cost of £33,912 per mile. To January, 1853, the mileage open for traffic has increased nearly five per cent., the passengers four per cent, only, the income derived has decreased four per cent, having regard to mileage — the receipts from goods and passengers are about equal on the total length. Mileage travelled, 1852, first class, 12 per cent. — second class, 36 per cent. — thii'd class, 52 per cent, of 753,745,539 passengers. The railway " rolling stock" of the United Kingdom, at the commencement of 1853, consisted of 3,942, locomotives, 2,413 first-class carriages, capable of holding 49,226 passengers — 3,413 second class, possessing accommodation for 124,703 persons — 2,954 third class, capable of containing 121,807 persons — 1,114 composites, which would accommodate 35,239 persons — and 1,470 other carriages, capable of holding 385,206 persons. In the year ending 5th January, 1853, the payments to the revenue by railways amounted to £280,144 for passenger-tax. EAKLY MANUFACTUEES. The woollen manufacture was first introduced into Britain by the Eomans, who, as Camden informs us, had their imperial weaving houses in the City of Worcester, where they made both woollen and linen cloth for the emperor and his army. The Flemings were the first to distinguish themselves in the art of weaving, and Flanders and the Netherlands began to obtain some degree of celebrity in the manufacture of woollen goods about the beginning of the tenth century, previous to which time there were scarcely any mercantile men in Europe, except a few in the wealthy repubhcs of Italy, and these traded with the Indian caravan of the Levant. Baldwin III., Earl of Flanders, perceiving the great advantages likely to result to his subjects from this manufacture, encouraged it by establishing weekly markets and annual fairs. Lord Chief Justice Hale says, that the woollen manufacture flourished in England in the reigns of Henry II., and of PdchardL, and that these monarchs enacted laws requiring woollen cloths to be made of uniform breadths. There was also a charter by Henry II. to the citizens of London, which required " that if any cloth were to be found made of Spanish wool, mixed with English wool, the mayor should see it burnt." Ancient guilds were erected in many of the principal cities and towns in England, and a tax of a mark was laid on every sack of wool exported, but notwithstanding these prohib- itory measures, the greater portion of the wool produced in England con- tinued to be exported to the Netherlands, and was such a source of wealth, as to occasion the Duke of Burgundy to estabhsh the Order of the Golden Fleece. INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. 9 a Edward ITT. with the view of encouraging the establishment in his kingdom of an extensive woollen manufacture, which, in consequence of the trouble- some wars of the reigns of King John, Henry III., and the two first Edwards, had declined, raised the export duty to forty shillings per sack on wool, and forty shillings on every three hundred wool fells. He next encouraged vv^eavers, dyers, and cloth makers, from Flanders and the Netherlands, and from any foreign parts, to come over to England, and that fit places should be assigned to them with divers privileges. Seventy families accepted the invitation in the year 1337, and numbers followed soon after. About 1352, an additional impulse was given to this manufacture by the arrival in England of numerous Flemish artizans, who, from the encouragement still held out to them by the politic Edward, accompanied Lord de la Warre on his return from the wars in Flanders. Fuller in his Church History says of this period that many of the manufacturers of the Netherlands, bemoaning their own slavish condition and their indifferent wages, determined to bring over their mystery to England. " At home their fare was coarse and their accommodation wretched, but here they expected to feed on fat beef and mutton, till nothing but their fulness should stint their stomachs. — that they should enjoy a pro- portionable share of profit to themselves, and that their beds should be good and their bed-fellows better, seeing the richest yeomen in England would not disdain to marry their daughters to them." These glowing expectations were in a great manner realised, and under the fostering hand of Edward, the workers in woollen, were encouraged and spread over the country. In the north of England they choose the counties of York, Westmoreland, and Lancaster. Their fabrics were known by the names " Halifax cloth," " Kendal cloth," and " Manchester cottons," but the cottons of this period were made from the fleece of the sheep, and three centuries had to elapse before the vegetable fibre, cotton, which has wrought such commercial revolutions, was used as the raw material for the draperies of Lancashire. The Kendal cloths are mentioned in 1390 as not being subject to the statute of assize of lengths and breadths. Kendal seems to have given name to the buckram or green druggets in which the poor of London were clothed in the days of Shakspere, who, makes the humorous Falstaff say, " But as the devil would have it, three misbegotten knaves, in Kendal green, came at my back and let drive at me.'* The celebrated de Watt in his description of the state of England prior to the reign of Edward III., says, " Before the tumults had removed the weaving trade to England, the Netherlands could deal well enough with that kingdom, the English being only shepherds and wool merchants, and then* king re- ceived few other imposts but from wool exported." ^ At the close of the sixteenth century, Wheeler says, " the Company of Merchant Adventurers in England annuallj^ exported 00,000 white cloths, besides coloured ones of all sorts, short and long kerseys, bays, cottons, northern-dozens and divers other kinds of coarse woollens — the white cloths alone being worth £60,000." In 1699, an act was passed prohibiting the exportation of woollen manufactures from Ireland, except to a few paits of England and Wales, where the duties imposed amounted to a total prohibition, 96 II^TRODUCTOEY REVIEW. and several addresses were presented to the king and parliament, " beseeching his majesty to take effectual measures to prevent the growth of the woollen manufactures in Ireland." Eea of Invention. — The Cotton Epoch. — We come now to the period of the " cotton revolution," which, as Mr. Baines truly observes, "presents a spectacle unparalleled in the annals of industry, whether we regard the suddenness of its growth, the magnitude which it has attained, or the W'Onderful inventions to which its progress is to be ascribed. Within the memory of many now living, those machines have been brought into use, which have made as great a revolution as the art of printing effected in literature. Within the same period, the cotton manufacture of this country has obtained a greater extent than the manufactures of woollen and linen combined, though these have existed for centuries." From the commence- ment to the middle of the eighteenth century, an unprecedented activity in the domestic manufacture of both sheep and cotton wool presented itself. The age of mechanical improvemement now dawned upon the country, and the spirit of invention was quickened by an intelligent perception of prospec- tive advantages, but the great obstacle in the way of advancement w^as the want of a requisite supply of yarns to meet the increasing demand for manufac- tured goods. To overcome this difficulty many clever and ingenious men directed their attention to the construction of machinery, mtended to increase manufactured productions by mechanical skill. Wj-att, of Birmingham, in 1730, was the inventor of the method of elongating cotton by rollers in the operation of spinning, but never had the means of bringing his invention into public notice and estimation. In 1738, John Kay, of Bury, gave to the weaver's shuttle a mechanical impulse, which superseded the necessity of throwing it by hand — and 1760 his son, Robert Kay, invented the drop box, by means of w^hich a weaver may use several coloured threads at one time in his shuttle. In 1767, Hagreaves completed a very important invention, wliich he called a Jenny, after the name of his daughter. This machine w^as admii^ably adapted to the spinning of weft yarn, requisite for the short warps spun by the water frame, invented by Thomas Highs. Highs was deprived of the benefit of his invention by Richard, afterwards Sir Richard Arkright, whose name will ever be associated with the annals of Lancashire, and who, from an humble barber, became the most distinguished of all the early manufacturers by the aid of machinery. Arkright was a resident of Bolton, where profiting by the ingenuity of Highs and Plargreaves, he laid the foundation of his futm-e cele- brity and princely fortune. Having developed the principle of Wyatt's in- vention, he constructed a machine called the w^ater frame for spinning with rollers, and applied it most satisfactorily to the production of w^ater twist, which was used for warps, instead of linen yarn. In 1769 Arkright took out his first patent for spinning with rollers, and in the same year, Watt, the great improver of the steam engine and the " master magi- cian of the age," — took out his patent, and " called forth in perfect control the giant force of steam, which, in defiant and unbounded strength, had baffled the skill of those who had hitherto endeavoured to subdue it without TKTRODUCTOEY EEVIEW. 9T effect." Proceeding' still in the career of invention and improvement, the talented and ingenious Crompton, of Bolton, produced in 1787 the now well- known spinning machine called the Mule, the distinguishing peculiarity of which is, that he united the rollers of the water frame with the advancing and receding carriage of the Jenny, whereby he effected the attenuation and spin- ning of cotton to a degree of fineness that neither of the two machines could approach, and, by his invention and application, the production of fine cotton, yarn, suitable for the manufacture of the finest muslin and lace, was secured. ]Mr. Crompton was rewarded for his invention by two private subscriptions to the amount of about £500, and afterwards, when the merits of his machhie were fully established, by a grant of £5,000 from government. When the spinning mule was invented by Mr. Crompton, only 20 spindles w^ere intro- duced into it, which required all the skill and talent of its inventor to manage, but, with the mechanical improvement and final perfection of it, the number of spindles appropriated to the care of one man, with a few children to assist liim, extended to 200, and even to 2,000, and in some instances, when pecu- liar yarns are required, to nearly 4,000 spindles. The spirit of improvement was next directed to the weaving department, and did not rest till that opera- tion, too, was performed by machinery. In 1785, a power-loom, which may be considered the parent of that now in use, was shadowed forth by Dr. Cart- wright, of Doncaster, and others were subsequently invented ; but that now in use, and which is constructed chiefly of iron, was invented by Mr. Hor- rocks, of Stockport, in 1833. It is a compact and simple machine, moving with great rapidity, and occupying so small a space that several hundreds may be worked in a single room of a large factory. These looms came so slowly into favour, that in 1813 there were no more than 2,400 of them in use ; but, in 1820, the number of power-looms in England and Scotland had in- creased to 14,150, in 1830 to 60,000, in 1836 to about 100,000, and at pre- sent probably to more than double that number. There probably never existed a period more fertile in useful inventions than the latter half of the last century. It was " one of the most brilliant eras in the annals of British genius — when Black and Priestley were making their discoveries in science — when Hargreaves, Arkwright, Watt, and Crompton revolutionised the processes of manufactures — when Smeaton and Brindley executed prodigies of engineering art — when the senate was illumined by Burke and Fox, Chatham and Mansfield — when Johnson and Goldsmith, Head and Beattie, Hume, Gibbon, and Adam Smith adorned the walks of philosophy and letters" — and when machinery for aiding the progress of in- dustry were called into matured existence, with a rapidity and precision aiot less astonishing than beneficial. These splendid inventions, chiefly conceived and perfected in Lancashire, together with more recent discoveries in chemical and mechanical sciences, have, during the last sixty or seventy years, asto- nishingly facilitated the growth of the cotton manufacture in all its varied arrangements, and opened a new field to enterprise and industry. The following statistics connected with the cotton trade, and compiled from various sources, may be found to possess some interest. For the first live G 98 INTBODUCTOEY EEVIEW, years of the 18th century, the average consumption of cotton wool was little more than l,000,000fbs per annum, and the workpeople of all ages and classes employed in the manufacture of that article numbered about 25,000. The official value of the manufactured goods exported annually during the same period did not exceed £20,000. In 1751, the importations had increased to 2,976,6 lOfbs, and the value of the exports to £45,000. In 1764, the amount of cotton imported into Great Britain was 3,870,392tt)S, and the value of cotton goods exported only £200,354 sterling. In 1760, cotton goods, which until then had been made only for home consumption, found a market on the continents of Europe and America, and, in 1774, fabrics made entirely of cotton were declared by act of parliament to be "a lawful and laudable manu- facture." In 1781, about two years before the introduction of Arkwright's machinery for carding and spinning cotton by steam power, the quantity im- ported was 5,198,778fbs. In the year 1800, the consumption had increased to 5fi,000,0001bs, and the workers in every department of the trade to upwards of 125,000 persons of both sexes. In 1810, the cotton imports amounted to 132,488,935ft)S,inl832 to283,000,000ft>s,in 1845 to 650,000th3, anddming the year 1851 the consumption of cotton wool in the United Kingdom was close on 800,000,0001bs, or nearly 800 times the quantity consumed by the domestic trade of a century and a half previously. The number of hands actually employed in all departments of this manufacture, is now upwards of 1,125,000, but, including their families, there are not fewer than 3,500,000 souls, or nearly one-eighth of the population of the United Kingdom, de- pendent upon the cotton trade alone for subsistence. The total number of bags of cotton imported into Great Britain in 1851 was 1,906,000, of which 1,748,900 were imported into Liverpool, 65,800 into London, 21,800 into Bristol and Hull, and 67,000 into the Clyde. The consumption of the manu- factm'ers in the same year was the largest ever known, amounting to 32,000 bags per week, or 1,664,000 bags in the year, being an increase over 1850 of 2,863 bags per week, or 70,500, OOOlbs in the year. The total importation of cotton into Great Britain in the year ending the 31st of December, 1852, amounted to 2,330,000 bags, or 925,285,000ft)S, of which 18,93,875 bags were from the United States of America, the remainder, 436,3 25 bags, from Brazil, South America, Egypt, the East and West Indies, &c. The average weekly consumption of Great Britain in 1852 exceeded that of the previous yeai' by 3,929 bags, or, for the whole year, 80,500, OOOfts. The total quantity of manufactured goods and yarn exported in 1841, was Q58,871,7451hs, the value of which amounted to £17,250,000. In 1846, the value of British manufactures exported to all parts of the world was £51,227,066, for the year 1851 it amounted to the sum of £68,492,659, and for 1852 the amount was £71,375,066. The declared value of our produce and manufactures exported in 1853 was no less than £98,933,781 — an in- crease of above £20,000,000 over the exports of the previous year. The export of cotton manufactm'es increased from £23,223,432 to £25,817,249; of woollen manufactures, from £8,730,934 to £10,172,132 ; of iron and steel, wrought and unwrought, from £6,684,276 to £10,345,482; of apparel, from I INTRODUCTOEY EEVJEW. 99 £1,246,677 to £2,766,696 ; of beer, from £754,627 to £1,291,357 ; of butter' and cheese, froni £393,319 to £520,656 ; of haberdashery and millinery, from £2,074,180 to £4,156,494; of hardware and cutlery, from £2,691,697 to £3,665,051 ; of leather, from £666,304 to £1,278,491. The total declared value of the exports of the British and Irish produce and manufactures (including only " enumerated articles") during the month and eight months ending the 5th of September, 1854, is as follows : — 1 For the month. For the eight months. 1854 1853 1852 £7,847,956 8,297,086 6,870,586 £59,553,150 58,158,729 47,009,146 Including the "enumerated articles" (which since the beginning of th^ present year have been embraced in the official return), the month's export^ for 1854 ai'e raised to £8,783,714, and those of the eight months to £68,396,359. On the eight months there is an increase of £1,494,421 over the corresponding period of last year, as compared with the eight months of 1852, the increase is no less than £12,644,004. The leading items of exports are stated as follow : — ■ Month ending 5th September. 1852. 1853. 1854. Cotton manufactures Cotton yarn Linen manufactures and yarn . . . . Woollen manufactures and yarn. . Silks of all kinds , Metals of all kinds Leather, unwrought and manufac tured Haberdashery and millinery Hardwares and cutlery Coals and culm Beer and ale Machinery and mill work Stationery Wool Oils £1,940,734 686,186 493,539 1,145,273 152,340 1,014,319 86,315 265,613 232,023 155,884 47,975 128,396 53,270 64,042 22,^23 £2,191,259 595,268 560,074 1,100,304 192,079 1,564,465 135,332 494,400 325,464 179.723 91,586 207,863 57,930 47,653 62,043 £2,298,131 550,071 401,640 1,035,334 147,108 1,386,486 124,079 385,403 338,540 196,303 85,797 202,215 73,415 104,542 51,418 ..ore. 3 00 INTKODUCTOEY EEVIEW. Most of these items present a decrease, compared with the same month of last year, but the decline is in most cases clearly traceable to the heavy Australian shipments at that period. In the items of coal, and haberdashery and millinery, the difference is still on the favourable side. Linens present the chief diminution, which, however, is mainly observed in linen yarns. THE COTTON MANUFACTURE. To illustrate the cotton manufacture descriptively, we cannot do better than detail the history of a bale of cotton wool from its importation to its manufac- ture into various beautiful fabrics. Cotton, as all our readers are aware, is a downy substance gathered from the seed pod of a plant. These plants are cultivated until the pod bursts, and at that time multitudes of women and cliildren are employed to gather the wool and seeds, leaving the husks behind. As the retention of the seeds would interfere with the fabrics in course of manufacture, the cotton is spread out to dry in the sun, and afterwards passed through machinery constructed for the purpose of clearing the fibres from the seeds, and in other respects preparing it for exportation. The cotton is then packed by hydraulic pressure in compact bales, and is afterwards shipped to Liverpool. Mr. Baines in his work gives the following account of the mode of conduct- ing the cotton sales at Liverpool : — " Cotton is sold at Liverpool by brokers, who are employed by the importers, and are allowed lOs. per £100 for their trouble in valuing and selling it. The buyers, who are the Manchester cotton dealers, and the spinners all over the country, also employ brokers, at the same rate of commission, to make then' purchases. The cotton is principally bought and sold b}-' sample — the purchasers very rarely considering it neces- sary to examine the bulk. By the strict probity and honour invariably observed by the brokers in their dealings with each other, this immense business is conducted with a facility and a despatch which have probably no parallel in any other market of the world, and which could not exist to the same extent in the sale of any other description of merchandise. The bags of cotton having been thus purchased, the next object of the manufacturer is their conveyance to his mill, and such is the extraordinary quickness and facility of transit between Liverpool and Manchester, that an enormous quantity of cotton in Liverpool, can be delivered at the factories in Man- chester within two or three hours after its purchase." Two or three examples may be interesting here, to exemplify the manner in which things can be effected in Manchester : — '* A merchant in Manchester wanted 1,500 pieces of printed calico of a particular description in three colours, to be sent off next day to America ; not finding them at any of the warehouses, he went to Harpurhey, to Mr. Lockett s, who had nothing of the kind wanted, — this was at five in the evening, and it was necessary to have the goods in Manchester the next day before one o'clock, to go by the railway INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. lOl, to Liverpool. Mr. Alsop, who is at the head of Mr. Lockett's establishment, said he was ^^'illing to undertake the order at his own risk. He did so — the pieces were printed in three colours, dyed, glazed, packed, and sent off to Manchester bj twelve o'clock; they reached Liverpool at three, were put on board, and the vessel sailed at five, just twenty-four hours after the order was given." In another instance, " A gentleman left Manchester in the morning, went to Liverpool, thirty miles off, purchased and took back with him to Manchester on the railway, 150 tons of cotton. This he immediately disposed of, and the article being liked, an offer was made to take another such quan- tity. Off he starts again, and actually, that evening, delivered the second 150 tons, having travelled 120 miles in four separate journeys, and bought, sold, and delivered, thirty miles off, at two distinct consecutive deliveries, 300 tons of goods in about twelve hours." In a third instance, " A manufacturer had some cotton despatched from Liverpool, on a Friday morning at three o'clock, and before eleven it had passed through the several operations of mix- ing, scutching, carding, drawing, slubbing, roving, and spinning. It was after- wards woven, and at half-past four a considerable quantity of good shirting cloth was forwarded to Liverpool, which it reached at seven the same evening. Thus the same cotton went through all the processes of manufacture, froDi the raw fabric to the woven cloth, and travelled above eighty miles between three in the morning and seven in the evening. The manufacturer wore the same evening, a garment made from this cloth,— thus exemplifying the incal- culable advantages of the railway system, and other facilities for the despatch of business." The cotton, having now arrived by railway, is transferred to the factory ; but before entering into description, it is necessary to premise some of the forms and purposes of cotton. There are factories wdiere cotton is spun into sewing thread — this forms one class. Another class produces that kind of yarn which is caUed by high numbers, denoting the number of yards to a pound, and is generally extremely fine. A third class manufactures only " twist," or a strong yam. This latter class greatly predominates both in Manchester and the district. Some do not weave into cloth, but still a large proportion -have immense numbers of power-looms for the purpose. On the other hand, there are many factories wdiere nothing but weaving is carried on, the warp and the weft being originally bonght by the weaver from the spinner. Then again there are further modifications, such as those establishments which produce fustians, moleskins, velveteens, muslins, cotton velvets, and a host of other fabrics. And again, there are various processes carried on, such as bleaching, dying, calico-printing, in various establishments, of which our space will only permit us to give a cursory notice, but we will now proceed to give a spirited description of a spinning and weaving factory, which appeared a few years ago in the " Penny Magazine." — The one described is known as " Orrell's factory," now carried on by Messrs. E. Maclure and Co., — "When we come within sight of the factor}'-, its arrangement cannot appear otherwise than striking to a stranger ; for the lofty chimney is separated from the factory itself by a public road, and stands isolated on a kind of rocky mount. Being a well ^. 102 INTKODUCTOEY EEVIEW. formed structure, this chimney, which, but for the smoke, looks more like a honorary column than anything else, presents a fine appearance. The fur- naces that supply heat to the boilers for four large steam engines, are situated in a building at one end of the factory — and the smoke from the furnaces passes through a flue under the public road, into the chimney, which thus conveys it up into the atmosphere at a distance from the factory. When we come in front of the factory itself, we find it speckled over with windows to an enormous amount. The building extends, from end to end, nearly three hundred feet, having a centre and two projecting wings. Ther^ are six ranges of windows in height, each range giving light to one floor or storey of workshops. There are nearly a hundred windows in each of these ranges on the four sides of the building, so that the whole amount to not much fewer than six hundred. The perfect regularity with which the windows of modern factories are arranged, constitutes one of their most conspicuous features. The ground-floor is two hundred feet in depth, from front to back, but the upper-floors are much less than this. Withinside the building, the extraordinary scene and deafening noise presented by the operations, are well calculated to bewilder a stranger — but of these, more anon ; we will at present confine our attention to the upper-floors. There are staircases conveniently situated for gaining access to the various floors, but besides this, there is a very ingenious contrivance for mounting to any floor without the least exertion on the part of the person ascending. There is a kind of square well, open from top to bottom of the factory, and mea- suring a few feet square. We place ourselves on a platform within this space, and, by pulling a rope, place the platform in connection with certain moving machinery, by which it is earned up, supporting its load, animate or inanimate, safely. When we desire it to stop on the level of any of the floors, we have only to let go the rope, and the platform will stop. When we wish to descend, we pull another rope, which enables the machinery to give a reverse movement to the platform. When, having ascended either by this piece of mechanism or by the staircase, we reach any of the upper floors, we find them to consist of very long rooms, lighted on all sides by windows, and filled with machinery so complicated and extensive, that we may well wonder how all can receive their movement from steam engines in a remote part of the building. Yet such is the case. There are two engines for the spinning machinery, of eighty-horse power each, and two for the weaving machines (this being both a spinning and a weaving factory), of forty-horse power each. These splendid engines are supplied from six boilers, the fires of which con- sume more than twenty tons of coal per day, and the main shaft from each engine is so connected with other shafts, both vertical and horizontal, as to convey motive power to every floor and to every machine in every floor." On the arrival of the cotton at the factory, it is generally conveyed to the topmost floor, where the bags are emptied. The cotton is in matted lumps, with the fibres clotted and tangled together — it is then subjected to the action of the "willow," a hollow box, stuck full of spikes, whereby it is torn fibre from fibre, and the dirt and impurities detached. The workmen, with technical INTRODUCTOEY REVIEW. 103 expressiveness, apply the term " devil " to this boisterous, racketty machine, which seems to acknowledge no obstacles to its operations. A further process of clearing is now undergone, viz. that of " scutching," or " blowing," by which the cotton is beaten with fine flat bars, and, by an admirable blowing apparatus, the remaining dust is carried out of the building without coming in contact with either people or machinery. The next mechanical process consists of beautiful contrivances for placing the fibres alongside each other, after which it is subjected to the action of the " carding engine," consisting of cylinders covered with innumerable wire teeth, which, revolving in opposite directions, comb the cotton, and divest it of all irregularities. It then becomes spread into narrow, flattish, band-like portions, called " slivers," the fibres being ranged nearly parallel. The " slivers" are then brought into the " drawing " machine, in which there are several pairs of rollers, which com- press and elongate the "slivers," they are then doubled, and passed through the rollers again, and this process is repeated till the fibres are ranged more parallel and more equally distributed than before. It is then placed in the " roving " machine, where it is slightly twisted into the form of a cord, but so slightly as only just to hold together. It is then finally put in the various spinning machines — the machines on which Arkwright, Hargreaves, and Crompton expended so much time and thought. It then becomes by these machines converted into "twist," "warp," and "weft," according to the required purpose. If for "twist," it is then subjected to the minor operations of measuring, winding, sampling, and packing. If for ex- portation, to be woven abroad, it is packed in a very rapid and compact manner, as foreigners are better able to equal us in weaving than in spinning. The warp and the weft are then forwarded to the weaving factories, and the following description of the weaving room at Orrell's factory, from the " Penny Magazine, "^^ will illustrate this process : — " Thirteen hundred looms, each one a distinct and complete piece of mechanism, are here arranged in parallel rows, over a space of ground measuring probably two hundred and fifty feet by one hundred and fifty, having passages between the rows. Each loom is between three and four feet high, and perhaps five or six wide, and they are all so placed that one female can attend to two looms. Every loom receives its moving power from mecha- nism near the ceiling, where shafts and wheels present almost as complex an assemblage as the looms beneath them. These shafts are connected with the main shafts of the two smaller steam engines, so as to receive their moving power from thence. Six hundred and fifty females are here engaged in attending these looms, two to each, and these comprise almost the only occu- pants of the weaving rooms. The noise created by thirteen hundred machines, each consisting of a great number of distinct moving parts, and each pro- ducing what would, in an ordinary-sized shop, be considered a pretty vigorous din, is so stunning and confounding, that a stranger finds it almost utterly impossible to hear a person speak to him, even close at his elbow, or even to hear himself speak ; he walks along the avenues which separate the rows of looms, and ai'rives one after another at looms all exactly alike : he sees theso 104 TNTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW/ clattering, hard-working machines on all sides of him, with the heads of the six hundred and fifty females just visible above them ; and he may not unrea- sonably marvel that the persons exposed to this incessant uproar for ten or twelve hours a day can appear indifferent to it. Yet such is the case, habit smooths away the inconvenience, and the workpeople seem to think light of it. In these power-looms, steam power may be said to do everything. It unwinds the warp from the warp beam, it lifts and depresses the treddles, by which the warp-threads are placed in the proper position for receiving the weft threads ; it throws the shuttle from side to side, cari7ing the weft thread with it ; it moves the batten, or lay, by which the weft thread is driven up close ; and finally, it winds the woven cloth on the cloth-beam which is to receive it. The female who has to manage a pair of looms has merely to attend to a few minor adjustments, which altogether about occupy her time : such as mending any of the threads which may have been broken, removing an empty shuttle and replacing it with a full one, removing an empty warp- heam or a filled cloth-beam, and replacing them with others fitted for conti- nuing the process." The capabilities of a cotton mill are thus described by Mr. Farey, in his " Treatise on the Steam Engine." He says — ''• An extensive cotton mill is a striking instance of the application of the greatest powers to perform a prodi- gious quantity of light and easy work. A steam engine of 100 horse power, which has the strength of 880 men, gives a rapid motion to 50,000 spindles for spinning fine cotton threads ; each spindle forms a separate thi^ead, and the whole number work together, in an immense building erected on purpose, and adapted to receive the machines, so that no room is lost. Seven hundred and fifty people are enough to attend to all the operations of such a cotton mill, and by the assistance of the steam engine they will be enabled to spin as much thread as 200^000 persons could do without machinery, or one person can do as much as 266. The engine itself only requires two men to attend to it, and supply it with fuel. Each spindle in a mill will produce between two and a half and three hanks, of 840 yards each, per day, which is upwards of a mile and a quarter of thread in twelve hours, so that the 50,000 spindles will produce 62,500 miles of thread every day of twelve hours, which is more than a sufficient length to go two and a half times round the globe." After leaving the loom, the cloth then goes through the minor operations of clean- ing, stiffening, finishing, and folding. It is now ready for sale, and after- wards goes into the hands of the bleacher, the dyer, or the cahco printer. BLEACH, PRINT, AND DYE WORKS. After leaving the factory, the next process is bleaching which may be thus des- cribed: — The pieces of grey cloth, as the cotton cloth is termed when it comes direct from the factories, are 'slightly fastened together by a machine, which performs the operation of stitching or tacking, until a connected length of many ISTEODUCTOUt HEVTEW. 105 nundred yards is produced, which is then passed over a heated surface of copper, whereby the loose filaments are singed oflf. This being done, these large pieces are then further tacked together till tliey become seven or eight miles in length. This enormous length is then made, by means of cylinders, and drums, to go through the following different processes by machinery for the purpose, work- ing in the various vessels : — First, to divest it of all starch-flour size, used at the factories, it undergoes a thorough washing, then it is boiled in limew^ater, then it undergoes a second washing, then it is steeped in a dilution of sulphuric acid, then it undergoes a third washing, then it is boiled in a solution of soda, then it undergoes a fourth washing, then it is steeped in a solution of chloride of lime, and then again in dilute sulphuric acid, then it undergoes a fifth washing, then it is boiled again in a solution of soda, then it undergoes a sixth washing, then it is steeped again in the chloride of lime, and afterwards in the dilute sulphuric acid, and then finally, washed for the seventh time. The rapidity, precision, and efiiciency of these processes are truly astonishing, and the cloth which w^as originally of a nankeen grey colour, is now of a fine white. After being unpacked into its original pieces, the next process is calendering, or finishing, but this is not alv^ays required. This is done by passing the cloth between cylinders, heated with steam, and at the same time an enormous pressure is exerted on the cloth. This imparts to it a glossy finish and brilliancy of surface. It is then ready for either the dyeing or finishing pro- cess. In the former it has to be steeped in certain solutions of colours derived from organic and inorganic substances, and afterwards it is placed in what are termed "mordants," or other solutions of acids which have the effect of fastening, heightening, and brightening the colours. Further, steeping in different mordants will effect further changes of colour, till the desired effect is produced, it is then calendered and packed for conveyance to the pur- chasers. The process of calico printing is, however, far more complicated, and ex- hibits a more mingled display of machinery and chemistr}-. The colours required for this process have to be mixed to a certain consistency, and difterent establishments have different methods of producing the same effect. Printing machines capable of printing three, four, five, six and even more colours at a tim.e, have superseded the old method of block printing. For ma- chine printing the patterns are engraved on copper rollers, and the part intended to show in the pattern is etched out. The rollers are then put into the machine in connexion with a trough of colouring matter, the under edge of which being furnished with a knife-like apparatus called a " doctor," presses tightly against the roller, allowing only the engraved portions of its suiface to pass with the colour in them, and afterwards, the cloth is pressed against the engraved roller, by a cylinder, which causes the cloth to absorb the colour from the engraved interstices of the copper roller, and thus acquires the intended pattern. The colours, however, are dull, and in some instances in- distinct, but by means of steeping in various solutions and mordants, the colours become fast, if required, or acquire greater depth of colour and brilliancy. The pieces are then hung up in rooms, for the purpose of being a2 106 INTRODUCTOEY REVIEW. " oxidized" or exposed to the action of the atmosphere, which still further adds to their effect. They then have to go through the final process of calendering, and are afterwards sent to the purchasers. " A printing establishment, like a cotton mill," says Mr. Baines, " is a wonderful triumph of modern science — and when the mechanical and chemical improvements of both are viewed together, they form a matchless exhibition of science applied to the arts, and easily account for a rapidity of growth and a vastness of extension in the manufacture which has no parallel in the records of industry." We have thus traced the progress of the cotton through the processes of spinning, weaving, bleaching, dyeing, and printing, and we must now speak of its various destinations. Almost every nation possessing any degree of civilisation and commerce, has its individual representative in Manchester. The Americans, of course, possess several large houses, but of all classes of foreign residents, the Germans and Greeks are the most numerous. The Germans make their shipments principally to Germany, France, and other parts of the European continent — some of them, however, export largely to other parts of the workl, but the Greeks principally confine their shipments to Turkey, South Russia, the whole of Asia Minor, Persia, Egypt, Arabia, and the East. Other houses export largely to India, China, Australia, the Eastern Archipelago, and the islands of the Pacific* Another class of warehouses are those which confine themselves to the " home trade," and from whom the country and metropolitan houses buy their goods. Accordingly, we find that in the warehouses of Manchester the nicest and most systematic order pre- vails. Every floor or storey is divided into " departments," over which there is a foreman placed, with a number of assistants or salesmen. The buyers walk from department to department and from floor to floor, and, as they purchase, the goods are sent down, usually by a hoist, into the packing room, where they are invoiced, re-examined for correctness, packed up, and despatched to their destination with a celerity truly astonishing. Mr. Knight remarks that — " No politician marks with more attention than a Manchester merchant the aspect of foreign afiairs. Does the Scindian, or the Affghan, or the Sikh war endanger the commercial na^dgatiou of the Indus — he guesses at a glance how it will affect his exports to the East : does China turn restive, 'and threaten the ' barbarian ' English — he regulates his shipments accordingly: does the reduction of the tariff, or the repeal of the corn-laws, or the suspension of the navigation -laws, seem likely to open the portals of international communication ■ yet more widely — he has his cargo of goods ready almost as soon as the news I reaches him : does the navigator discover some new inland region — presently does the Manchester man set about inducing the natives to wear some of his cottons, and if they cannot give money, he will contrive to get something else in exchange. The mariner, the missionary, and the merchant, are all working to the same end — all open to us new scenes of enterprise ; their professed objects differ widely, and their modes of proceeding differ as widely, — but the result is to bring all the ends of the earth nearer together, and to make known to us the riches and the wants of other lands." INTKODUOTOEt REVIEW. 107 THE SILK TRADE. The silk manufacture remained for a long time one of the most important branches of national industry, after its introduction into England in the 15th centmy. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1665, about 50,000 refugees fled to England, a large portion of whom settled in Spitalfields, and engaged in the silk manufactures, but it was not till the beginning of the 18th centuiy that the manufacture of silk, in its various beautiful textures, upon any extensive scale, was undertaken in this country. The art of throwing silk by means of machinery was previously possessed by the Italians, and the French excelled in the manufacture of piece goods. All attempts to rival these productions in this country were unavailing, until the year 1715, when John Lombe, an enterprising mechanic, proceeded to Italy, clandestinely in- vestigated the whole process, and returned to England in 1717 with plans and models, bringing with him two Italian workmen. Immediately after his arrival he went to Derby, where he built a silk mill, the first ever erected in this country. In the year 1718 he obtained a patent for 14 years, but dying soon afterwards, his brother succeeded to the business, and subsequently transferred it to his cousin, Thomas Lombe, who continued it till the year 1732, when it is said that 300 persons were employed in the manufacture of silk. At the expiration of the patent, he made application for its renewal, but was knighted in lieu of it, and a sum of £14,000 was voted to him as a remuneration. In plain silk weaving the process is much the same as in weaving linen or woollen, but the weaver is assisted by a machine for the even distribution of the warp, which frequently consists of eight thousand separate threads in a breadth of twenty inches. Satin derives its lustre from the greater portion of the threads of the warp being left visible, and the piece being afterwards passed over heated cylinders. The Jacquard loom, the invention of a person of that name in Lyons, for figuring or working patterns upon various fabrics, is one of the most useful of modern inventions. When M. Jacquard attempted to introduce the machine into Lyons, the w^orkmen broke out into open revolt. He was everywhere denounced as the enemy of the people, as the man who had been scheming the destruction of their trade, and the starvation of them- selves and their families. Plots were made to assassinate him, and it was with great difficulty that he escaped with his life. So strong was the tide of popular opinion, that his machine was ordered to be destroyed by the public authorities. Subsequently, thousands of machines, similar to that doomed to destruction, were introduced into France, and the production of silks, of the most exquisite beauty, at a low cost, was the dawn of unprecedented prospe- rity in that country. Such was the success of the Jacquard machine in France. Some years elapsed before it was introduced into this country, wnere it was first used in the manufactories of Spitalfields, then in the carpet manu- factories of Scotland, and, lastly, in various manufactories of England. About the year 1685, foreign silks were freely admitted, and silks to the value 108 INTRODUCTORY REVIEW. of from £00,000 to £70,000 were aDnuallj imported. The present value of the silk manufacture in Great Britain is estimated at considerably more than £10,000,000 sterling. We are far behind our continental neighbours in the art of design. The superiority of our texture is of little avail, when placed in juxta-position with the figured productions of France, the superior beauty of which commands a decided preference. But while the British manufacturer acknowledges the superiority of the French in this particular he contends for the possibility of bringing our manufactures to the same standard of elegance. The artists of France possess no natural advantages above our native artists — their ad- vantages and the success derived from them, are owing, chiefly, to the pains their wise and fostering government has taken to encourage the fine arts and promote their stud}^ Gratuitous schools of design are established at Paris, Lyons, and many of their principal towns. The town of Lyons contributes twenty thousand francs per annum to the government establishment of the School of Arts, which takes charge of every youth, who shows an aptitude for drawing or any kind of imitative design applicable to manufacture. All the eminent painters, sculptors, and even botanists and florists of Lyons, become eventually associated with the staple trade and devote to it their happiest con- ceptions. In St. Peter's School, there are about one hundred and eighty students, all receiving from the town a gratuitous education in art for five years — the course of instruction embracing anatomy, botany, architecture, and loom pattern drawing. There is a botanical garden attached to the school. The government allows three thousand one hundred francs a year to this establishment, in which the students are supplied with every thing but the materials, and are allowed to receive the benefit of their works. There is one peculiar advantage in this school, worthy of especial remai^k — in it collections of silk fabrics may be studied, extending over a period of a thousand years, with explanations of the modes in which every pattern was produced, from the rude silks of the Egyptian mummies to the last figured webs. Here are also weaving schools, containing sixty or eighty scholai's. In these, a pattern being exhibited, they are required to exercise their in- vention immediately, as to the best means of producing the design on a piece of silk goods. Such difficulties as are occasionally encountered, being removed by the master, he leads them on to a successful accomplishment of the task. We may look in vain for establishments affording such advantages as these, throughout the length and breadth of the British empire. It is to be hoped ^. our government will direct its attention to this branch of art, and apply a ■ portion of the vast revenues of the empire, to an object so legitimate, and so ■ intimately affecting its welfare. MOUNTAINS AND HILLS OF GREAT BRITAIN, A descriptive writer on the general and dehghtful aspect of England, says—* " In some parts verdant plains extend as far as the eye can reach, watered by copious streams, and covered ]jy innumerable cattle ; in others, the pleasing INTEODUCTOEY EEVIEW. 109 vicissitudes of gently risiug hills and bending vales, fertile in corn, waving with wood, and interspersed with meadows, offer the mrst delightful land- scapes of rural opulence and beauty. Some tracts abound with prospects of the more romantic kind, — lofty mountains, craggy rocks, deep narrow dells, and tumbling torrents ; nor are there wanting, as a contrast to these scenes, the gloomy features of bleak moors, and wide uncultivated heaths. Wales, says another writer, the general aspect of which is bold, romantic, and moun- tainous, presents continued ranges of lofty mountains and impending crags, intersected by deep ravines and extensive valleys, and affording endless views of wild mountain scenery. These ranges generally extend in a direction from south-east to north-west, having their most abrupt declivity facing the latter quarter. Numerous projecting ridges laterally expand, on various points of the compass, in countless ramifications ; many of these present the appear- ance of mountains piled upon mountains ; in other instances, they shoot up rugged and abrupt from the bosom of deep valleys, in solitary and sublime grandeur." The following table shows the perpendicular height of the principal moun- tains and hills in Great Britain, above the level of the sea at low water, according to Colonel Mudge's survey : — Feet. Ben Muc Dhn, N.B., tlie highest hill in Great Britain 4,570 Ben Nevis, N.B 4,370 Ben Lavers, N.B 4,01 5 Cairn Go^rn, N.B 4,000 Bonas Hill, Shetland 4,000 Snowden, the highest hill in North Wales 3,571 Tchehallion, N.B 3,500 Ben Mow, N.B 3,500 Carnedd Lewellyn, N.W 3,469 Carnedd David, N.W. , 3,427 CriidchenBen, N.W 3,400 Ben Lomond, N.B 3,262 Scaw Fell, Cumberland 3, 162 Skiddaw, Cumberland 3,082 Plelvellyn, Cumberland 3,053 Arran Fowddy, N.W 2,955 Cader Idris, N.W 2,914 Bow Fell, Cumberland 2,911 Cross Fell, Cumberland 2,90 L The Pillar, Cumberland 2,893 Beacons, S.W 2,862 Arrenig, N.W 2,809 Saddleback, Cumberland 2,787 Grasmere Fell, Cumberland 2,756 Cheviot, N.B 2,658 Coniston Fell, Lancaster 2,577 Trecastle, S.W 2,590 Cadir Terwyn, N.B 2,503 Cradle, S.W 2,045 Feet. Nine Standards 2,136 High Peak, Cumberland 2,101 Dwygau, S.W 2,071 Snea Fell, Isle of Man 2,004 Black Coombe, Cumberland 1,919 Holm Moss, Derby 1,859 Pendal Hill, Lancaster 1,803 Cousand Beacon, Devon 1,792 Gerivyn Groch, N.W 1,724 Dunkerry Beacon, the highest hill in the West of England 1,770 Axedge, Derby 1,751 Long Mount Forest, Salop 1,074 Llangunor, S.W 1,059 M^mydd Mane, Monmouth 1 ,568 Eippin Torr, Devon 1,549 Penmaen Mawr, N.W 1,5-10 Malvern Hills, Worcester 1,444 Stow Hill, Hereford 1,41 7 Hathersedge, Derby 1,377 Eildon Hills, N.B 1,364 Wrekin, Salop 1,320 Mamtor, Derby 1,300 Black Hambleton, York 1,240 Butterton Plill, Devon 1,203 AYeaver Plill, Stafford 1,1 54 Broadway Beacon 1,086 Moeltra Ifse, Derby 1,037 Leith's Plill, Surrey 993 Bradley Knoll 973 Plind iiill, Surrey 923 IXO INTBODUCTOEY REVIEW. Feet. Plynlimmon, S.W. 2,463 Dunrigs, N.B 2,409 CapiUant, S.W 2,394 Whernside, Ingleton Fells 2,384 Whernside, Kettlewell Dale, Yorks.. 2,263 Ingleborough, Yorkshire 2,361 Pennigent, Yorkshire 2,270 Hedgehope, Northumberland 2,347 Shumer Fell, Yorkshire 2,329 Queensbmy, N.B 2,259 Carn Fell, Y^'orkshire 2,245 Kilhopelaw, Durham 2, 1 96 Water Crag, Yorkshire 2,186 Eadnor Forest, S.W 2,163 Feet. Wendover Down . . . . . .7 905 White Horse Hill, Berkshire 893 Botley Hill, Surrey 880 Epwell Hill, Oxford 836 Nettle-bed Windmill, Oxford 820 Eoopshill, Surrey 702 Stockbridge, Hants 620 Hollingborn, Kent 616 Shotover, Oxford 599 Branstead Downs, Surrey 576 ]ieachey Head ,. , « . . 546 Dover Chff 469 Shorters Hill, Kent 446 Norwood HiUs 380 It hence appears that there are in England, Scotland, and Wales, five mountains at and above 4,000 feet in height, ten above 3,000 feet, thirty-two above 2,000 feet, and twenty-three exeeeding 1,000 feet in height. 1 GENEEAL HISTOEY AND DESCEIPTION COUNTY OF NOETHUMBERLAND. NoRTiiuarBEELAND, tliG most Hortliern of the English counties, is bounded on the north by Scotland, on the west by Cumberland and the Cheviot Hills, on the south by the rivers Tyne and Derwent, and on the east by the German Ocean. Its greatest length from north to south is 70 miles, its breadth from east to west 47 miles, and it comprises an area of 1,952 square miles, or 1,249,299 statute acres. The amount of property assessed to the relief of the poor for the year ending 25th March, 1850, was £1,256,799 ; and the amount of real property assessed to the property and income tax for the year ending 5th April, 1851, was £1,560,876. The number of inhabitants in 1801 was 168,078; in 1811, 183,269; in 1821, 212,589 ; in 1831, 236,959; in 1841, 266,020 ; and in 1851, it had attained to 303,568 souls, showing an increase at the rate of 79 per cent in the population during the last 50 years. At the period of the census in 1851, this county contained 47,737 inhabited houses, 2,064 uninhabited, and 386 in process of erection. There were also at the same time 488 places of worship, of which 154 belonged to the Esta- blished Church, 20 to the Roman Catholics, 68 to the Scottish Presbyterians, 14 to the Independents, 17 to the Baptists, 198 to the Wesleyan Methodists, and 17 to other denominations. Northumberland forms two political divisions, north and south, and ie divided into six wards, similar to the wapentakes of Yorkshire, or the hun- dreds of other counties, viz. — Bambrough, Castle, Coquetdale, Glendale, Morpeth, and Tindale wards ; besides Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire, and Norhamshire, which, though locally situated in this county, formed detached portions of Durham, from which they were separated, in J 844, by the Act of 7 and 8 Vict., c. 64, and annexed to Northumberland. These divisions are subdivided into 97 parishes, containing, exclusive of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Berwick-on-Tweed, two municipal boroughs, IMorpeth and Tyuemouth, and eight other market towns, viz. — Allendale, Alnwick, Belford, Belhngliam, 112 HISTORY OF NOBTHUMBEELAND. Haltwliistle, Hexham, Eotlibury, and Wooler, besides the towns of Ahimoiith, Bambrough, Blyth, Hartley, Seaton, and Wark^Yortb, as also numerous vil- lages and hamlets. This county is comprehended in the province of York and diocese of Dur- ham, of which it forms two archdeaconries, viz., those of Northumberland and Lindisfarne, which are subdivided into the deaneries of Alnwick, Bambrough, Bellingham, Corbridge, Hexham, Morpeth, Nevrcastle, Norham, and Eoth- burj^ It retm'ns ten members to parliament — two for Newcastle, two for Berwick-on-Tweed, one for Morpeth, one also for Tynemouth, and two for each of the political divisions. The climate of Northumberland is considered to be superior to most other maritime counties in salubrity, but the temperature is subject to considerable variations. For months together the mountain tops are covered with snow, while the lower districts are entirely free from it. The winds during the spring months are chiefly from the east, and dmiug summer and autumn rapid alternations of heat and cold are experienced. The surface of this county is very diversified — some parts are fertile and well cultivated, while others are almost barren. On the sea coast, and in the vales of Beamish, Till, and Beaumont, a sandy loam or turnip soil is found, while around the Cheviots, in the north-west, there is a dry and gravelly loam, with fine green hills thrown into a great variety of forms, enclosing and sheltering many deep, narrow, and sequestered glens. Towards the centre, and south-east of the county, moist loams on a wet clayey bottom prevail, while a black peat earth occupies most of the mountainous districts, and some of the lower parts of the country. In the neighbourhood of the sea coast the surface is generally level, but more diversified towards the middle, rising into gently swelling ridges separated by the principal rivers. These districts are enclosed, and in a few places adorned with woods and plantations. The western side, in general, is open and mountainous, growing little else but heath, and affording only scanty subsistence to the flocks which browse there, but the sheep pastures of the Cheviots have long been celebrated. This county possesses no very extensive old woods, though there are numerous plantations Vr^hose small timber is in constant demand for the coal mines. Ageicultuee. — This county consists, in a great measure, of mountain and other pasture, with bleak and unprofitable moors, the beautiful and sequestered vales by which the mountains are intersected, and the level country on the coast being the only exceptions to this general rule. About 1 50,000 acres of land are in tillage, 650,000 in pasture, and the remainder, besides the barren moors, consists of uncultivated hills and mountains, on which some thousands of sheep are constantly grazing. In the southern parts of the country, the valleys of the North and South Tyne, with others in their vici- nity, and also that of the Wansbeck, containing land of excellent quality, afford many specimens of superior husbandr}^, but, as a general rule, the farms are on too small a scale to entitle them to a place in the list of those distin- guished agriculturists who occupy the highly cultivated districts of Bambrough and Glendale Wards, where the farms vary in size from 300 to 3,000 acres. AGEICULTUEE. 113 The Tale of Coquet is fertile and well cultivated, and the line along the base of the Cheviots, exteading from Whittingham by Wooler to the banks of the Tweed, is a district universall}" adapted to, and engaged in, the turnip course of husbandry. That along the coast, from Warkworth to Berwick, is of a stronger and heavier quality of soil, and better adapted for the growth of ^Yheat and beans, intermixed, however, with many portions of fine turnip loam, and of rich grazing pasture. In other parts of the county, which are not included in the limits specified, good farms and good culture are to be found, and the same system, though somewhat modified, prevails throughout. The agricultural improvements made in this county of late years are scarcely to be equalled in any other part of England. Wheat is grown in large quantities and great varieties. Rye was formerly the chief grain sown in all the sandy light soils, but since the introduction of turnips and artificial grasses, it is cultivated only in the most sandy soils. Turnips, for rearing and fattening cattle, are extensively cultivated on what has acquired the name of the Northumberland system, viz., the method of culture in rows on elevated ridges. In no part of England, perhaps, has the introduction and cultivation of turnips added in an equal degree to the produce of the land as in this, and in few, probably, are the alternate systems of grazing and tillage made to work together with greater advantage. The rotation of crops now almost universally practised on the turnip soils in this county is, in the first year Jifter grass, oats — in the second, turnips and a small quantity of potatoes — in the third, spring wheat and barley — in the fourth, clover and other grasses — and in the fifth, pasture. In some cases, where land is of an inferior quality, or occupies an elevated situation, and where the rearing and feeding of stock are considered more profitable than the frequent repetition of corn, the land is kept in grass for three years before being ploughed out. The soil, as well as the climate, of this district, is peculiarly favourable for pasture, and while the land is " resting," as it is called, in grass, during an interval of two or three years between the repetition of corn crops, it is not only acquiring a fitness for their production by the fresh state in which it comes out again, but it is in the meantime paying its w^ay as sheep pasture. At the commencement of the present century Polish and Dutch oats were much grown on the best soils, but they are now almost entirely superseded by other varieties. The corn crop succeeding the turnip fallow, and with which grass seeds are sown, consists of spring wheat and barley, in such pro- portions as the season and quality of the land render advisable. If one part of the turnip quarter be superior to another, it is generally sown at first with turnips, so that it may be cleared at the earliest period for the wheat sowing, but if the land is equal, then it is desirable to alternate the crops, growing wheat this time where barley grew last, and vice versa. February is -the month preferred for sowing wheat, though it is often continued through the whole of March, and, when long protracted snow storms have prevented it, much has been sown as late as the first week in April. The barley crops axe generally very abundant, and beans have always flourished, especially along the sea coast. Peas are not as much grown as formerly, but numerous kinds II 114 HISTOEY OF NOKTHUMBEELAND. of potatoes are cultivated. The cora harvest in the vale of Till and upon Tyneside fi-equentlj commences iu the first week of August, in the bleak, sterile districts, oats will often be uncut in the beginning of November, the general harvest, however, is in September. The farmers of this county have long been celebrated for their superior knowledge of breeding young cattle. Oxen are mostly grazed in the eastern part of the county, and the vicinity of Whittingham. For dairy purposes the Darham cattle are in great reci[uest, while for fattening, the Scotch cattle are preferred, but the short-horned kinds are most prevalent. The long-woolled sheep have been much improved by the introduction of the Leicester and Southdown varieties, but the native Cheviot breed, a hardy, useful species, with a small fleece of ordinary wool, is still the most general. The horses are strong and active, and generally of a middle size, vrith clean legs and muscular frames. Mountains and Hills. — The celebrated Cheviot Hills extend from the source of the river Coquet to Allerton, and thence northward to Prendwick, Branton, Ildertou, Yv^ooler, Kirknewton, and Mindrum, occupying an area of at least 90,000 acres. The v/estern angle of the county of Darham, and the parish of Allendale, in Northumberland, form a mountainous, naked, and barren region, being crossed by that ridge of hills which has not been inaptly termed the Apennines of England, though none of them rise to any consider- able height. LIiNERAL Speings. — This county eJoounds in mineral springs, many of which occur in the neighbourhood of the Newcastle coal-fields, and in the lead district. Some of them, depositing large quantities of yellow^ ochre, are common in the vicinity of Newcastle, while sulphureted springs are found at Dukesfield and elsewhere. The Spinner's Weil, near Bedliugtoushire, and others, are remarkable for their petrifying qualities. MINERALS. This district is eminently rich in subterraneous treasures, coal, lead, and iron, are its principal minerals. With regard to the former it can scarcely be necessary for us to point out to the reader its vast importance. Deprive us of our coal, and, wdiere w^ould be our manufactures, no longer should we by our commerce, convey the conjoined benefits of knowledge and civilisation to the remote regions of the globe. No longer should we triumph over time and space, no longer traverse the laud with a rapidity vAich has exceeded all anticipation — nor the ocean with a swiftness and certainty ^^■hich brings the far East within the vo^^age of a few days. Marvellous indeed arc the results obtained on considering the uses of those materials Avhich form together the great Carboniferous series of deposits as developed in the north of England. In a small strip of country, in an area of less than sLx or eight thousand spuare miles, which in some parts of Europe would be passed over almost MINEKALS, 115 without remark by the practical man, the pohtician, and the statistician — we find grouped together a multitude of large towns, a population of some millions of people, having, perlaaps, more influence on the comforts of civilised man, throughout the world, than could elsewhere be found in a space of five, or even ten times that amount. Nor is this all. The other great manufacturing and commercial towns of England, with the exception of London, are similarly placed with reference to geological position. The coal and iron of the Carbon- iferous rocks form still the magnet towards which the other desirable thinos of this world are attracted, and they determine the growth and well-being of towns, not only in England, but elsewhere on the continent of Europe, and lately in America also. In France, Belgium, and Germany, we everywhere see towns rising up into manufacturing importance, where fuel and iron exist beneath the soil, and rarely, indeed, has it been found possible to produce any great improvement in these respects, except where nature has pre-ordained it by furnishing these sources of true riches. It is now well known that, hovv^- ever valuable in themselves other rarer natural products may be, there is no doubt of the enormously greater benefit to a people in the case of these materials which either enter into every manufacture, and are sources of power, or which are greatly increased in value by being subject to many processes to render them more generally useful, without, at tlie same time, causing them to be taken out of consumption. Although coal is very widely spread over the earth, and exists in some districts in enormous quantities, these are still so limited, and their value depends so mudi on geographical position, that the actual use of the mineral, as a fuel, is greatly limited. The several well-known coal-bearing districts in our own islands need only be referred to generally, as among the most valuable in the world for position, available quantity, and excellence. On the east side of England we have the great Northumberland and Durham coal-field, with half-a-million acres of workable coal, approachable in various places along an extensive coast line with several good ports, admitting of the best and cheapest transport. In South Wales there exists a yet larger area, in which thicker and equally valuable beds can be worked ; and there, also, the coast presents a number of convenient ports from which the coal can be shipped. In the interior of the country a vast tract in Yorkshire, Lancashire, Derby- shire, Staffordshire, and Shropshire, larger in extent than the other two districts together, is not only adapted to supply the interior of England, but, by means of railways, competes successfully in London even with the better coal conveyed by sea from the north. In Scotland the Valley of the Clyde is equally rich, and scarcely less important — while in Ireland each province possesses coal areas, which are, indeed, now but little worked, but which may hereafter prove of very great value. On the continent Belgium is especially rich, France and Germany possess stores of mineral fuel, the former especially, of considerable extent, though placed far in the interior. Spain has large and excellent beds, those in the Asturias not unfavourably placed for present use, while Eussia is provided with this in addition to her many other sources of wealth. In various parts of Asia the existence of coal is well known, but the details are 116 HISTOEY OF NOETHUMBEKLAKD. not yet sufficiently reported to enable us to judge as to the extent of resources of this kind actually to be depended upon. Several remarkable and important coal-fields are kno\vn in India, and within a very short period the stores of this mineral on the shores of the Black Sea, are likely to come into great request. Rich and favoured as the Old World is in mineral fuel, North America is far richer, and its future promises yet grander results, the available coal area being no less than twenty-five millions of acres in the United States, and upw^ards of ten millions elsew4iere. If, therefore, we assume that there are in all fifty millions of acres of coal-producing beds on the earth's" surface, and that their average thickness is ten yards, and if we take the present con- sumption throughout the world at fifty millions of tons per annum, it is ap- parent, from a very simple calculation, that there exists a supply at least equivalent to the consumption of fifty thousand years at the present rate. The coal product of the world for 1853 w'as estimated by able statisticians at 75,000,000 tons ; of which about 40,000,000 tons were produced by Great Britain, at least 9,000,000 by the United States, France, 4,500,000, Prussia, 3,500,000, Austria 700,000 tons, and Belgium, 5,000,000. According to Mr. M'Culloch, the total number of persons employed in the work of the collieries in Great Britain, is, from 160,000 to 180,000, and the total capital employed in the British Coal Trade no less than £10,000,000 of money. The following account of the origin of coal is extracted from the " History of the Fossil Flora of the Mountain Limestone of the Eastern Border," by George Tate, Esq., F.G.S., Alnwick, to whom we are indebted for much valuable information. THE ORIGIN OF COAL. That coal has been derived from plants which once grew on the surface of the earth can now be conclusively established. This, indeed, might be inferred from the vast number of fossil plants in beds both above and below a coal seam. An examination of the clifts on the sea coast near to Berwick, at North Sunder- land and Howick, and of inland quarries, will discover trunks and branches of trees with the vegetable matter of the interior replaced by sand or mud, but with the original bark converted into coal. The inference is strengthened by a comparison of the composition of living vegetables wdth that of coal, for, leaving out accidental and unessential ingredients, both are formed of the same elements, existing in each only in different proportions, both are composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, but the carbon is propor- tionally much larger, and the gases much smaller, in coal than in wood. Direct evidence of the vegetable origin of coal has been furnished by Mr. Hutton. He cut thin slices of the different kinds of coal found near Newcastle, and on examining them with the microscope, found that they exhibited the reti- culations or network of the original vegetable texture, along with other cells, filled with a beautiful wine-coloured resinous matter, which was exceedingly volatile, and which was first driven off by heat. THE OEiaiN OF COAL. 117 Vegetable structure cau be seen in some coals even by the naked eye. Soft pieces, called by miners " mother coal," not unfrequently show fibrous woody texture. Goppert not only perceived vegetable impressions in the coal of Silesia, but could also distinguish the families of the plants and trees of which it had been formed. In the coal of the mountain limestone of this district; we have found distinct vegetable remains, — in the Lemington coal we have seen lepidodendrons, and in that of Alnwick Moor and at Shilbottle, stigmariajicoides, with rootlets attached, and spreading through the coal. A simple experiment will give additional ocular pioaf, for, if any of our coals be well burnt, and the residue, or ashes, examined under a microscope, tubes and tissue belonmncf to vegetables will be observed. Nor is it difficult to Do D account for the presence of these organised fragments, because silica, or some other incombustible mineral, when in a state of solution, has replaced portions of the original vegetable substance, assumed in its structure, and while the carbonaceous elements have been dissipated, these indestructible portions have passed unchanged through the fire. The evidence is conclusive, coal is a transformed vegetable. The mineral fuel which is placed in the depths of the earth, which has a thickness of several hundred feet, which extends over an area of many thousand miles, and which ministers largely to domestic comfort, and, by its application to manufactures and locomotion, has vastly increased the productive power of our country, and even given new impulses to the progress of civilisation, was, ages ago, an immense assemblage of living plants, flourishing on the surface of the earth. Marvellous as is the change, it is equalled, and even surpassed, by others of a kindred nature, since the diamond, which lends a lustre to female beauty, and is the most valuable and brilliant of gems, is also a trans- formed vegetable, having the same origin, and being formed of the same elements as coal. The Plants, or the Oeiginal Materials of which Coal w^as formed. — The question now comes for consideration, w^hat were the plants of which coal was formed, and what affinity or analogy do they bear to existing vege- tation ? The inquiry is not without interest, since it may lead to new facts in the history of vegetation, and throw light over the conditions of the era when the Carboniferous series was deposited. As fossil plants are generally frag- mentary and imperfect, and but rarely present the essential organs of fructi- fication, the inquiry is difficult — it has nevertheless been prosecuted with ability and zeal by eminent naturalists on the continent and in our own country, and though several problems in Fossil Botany yet remain unsolved, the structure and characters of many Carboniferous plants have been success- fully determined. Fossil plants occur chiefly in the shales and sandstones associated with coal, not uufrequently they are found in nodules of ironstone, and occasionally in limestone, as at Howick, North Sunderland, and Scremerston. They con- sist of the stems and branches of trees, of roots, fronds and leaves, and rarety of fruit. Most commonly they are impressions or casts, the original vegetable matter being replaced by sand or mud. In shales the stems are ilattencd, 1]8 HISTORY OP NORTHUMBERLAND. but ill sauclstoue tliej are frequently round, and retain tlieir natural shape, usually they are broken and prostrate, but in some cases they stand perpen- dicular to the line of stratification, apparently rooted on the spot where they grew. Coarse mud or sand has not, however, in all instances replaced the TOgetable matter, for minerals, such as silica and carbonate of lime, have, in a state of solution, penetrated the tissues of th^ plant and preserved its structure, and, when in this condition, the fossil admits of as exact an exam- ination as a modern vegetable, and contains within itself the evidence by which its nature and relationship can be determined. But in order to undei'^ stand the nature of this evidence, and also the references which may be made to vegetable types, it will be of use briefly to explain in what manner the existing Flora can be arranged in great divisions or classes, according to their distinctive internal structures. To one or other of the four following classes all existing plants may be referred : — 1. ThallQgens (from iJiallos, a leaf, and geiuiaein, to produce), which are com- posed entirely of cellular tissue, and include Lichens, Fungi or Mushrooms, and AlgcE or Sea-weeds. 3. Acrogens [acros, swmnlt), which have centres either hollow, or composed of cellular tissue ; vascular or woody bundles are produced simultaneously near the circumference, and the stems increase upward, and not in breadth — they include Mosses, Lycopodiums or Club-Mosses, and Ferns. 3. Endogens (endon, within), which have definite bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout cellular tissue ; the additions in the first instance are towards the centre — they possess no true bark, and no medullary sheath or rays. Palm trees and Grasses are included in this class. 4. Exogens [exo, outward), which possess a distinct pitli and bark, with medullary rays connecting the two. They increase, year after year, by regular additions of "vascular circles between the external bark and the woody zone previously formed. Oaks, beeches, all our forest trees, and most British plants belong to this class. ■ Let us show the application of these scructural peculiarities to a fossil plant. Mr. Witliam, to whom Fossil Botany has been greatly indebted, found in the coal measures at Ushaw, in Durham, a fragment of a fossil, which had no pretensions to beauty, and would have been cast aside by an incompetent observer, yet this unpromising looking fragment could, by the interrogations of science, tell its own history, and give us a glimpse of the state of the world at a far distant era, — for, when a tranverse section was placed under a micro- scope, its exogenous structure was evinced ; no concentric circles were disco- vered, but medullary rays crossed elongated cellules, which were similar to those in Coniferas or Cone-bearing trees ; a longitudinal section more distinctly revealed the affinity of the fossil, for the walls of the cells were covered with roundish or oval areolae or glands. Now these are found on the cells of no other plants excepting the Coniferae and Zamias ; but the combined evidence of both sections proved that the fossil was a fragm.ent of a cone-bearing tree similar to the Finns Strobns, or Weymouth Pine, a native of Canada and the more northern districts of North America. These relics of a former vegetation THE ORIGIN OF COAL. 119 were noble forest trees. At Granton, near Edinburgli, and in the Newcastle coal-field they have been found 70 feet long, but while some of them have their type in the northern hemisphere, their analogue is to be seen in the Araucarias — in the Antingia excelsa, or Norfolk Pine, which, growing to the height of 200 feet, and clothed with an abundant foliage, gives magnificence, beauty, and picturesqueness to the scenery of southern lands. About 300 species of plants from the Carboniferous formation of Great Britain have been described, but with the exception of Coniferse and Ferns, few of them have a close affinity to existing families of plants, indeed, on going down a coal-pit a few hundred feet deep, we i£eet with, an entombed Flora, as different from that growing on the surface, as that is which is seen in another hemisphere. Not only are the floral forms strange, they are even frequently beautiful in their rocky sepulchres. One of the finest passages in Dr. Buckland's Bridgewater Treatise is a description of what he saw in the coal mines of Bohemia: — " The most delicate imitations of living foliage upon the painted ceihngs of Italian palaces," he says, " bear no comparison with the beauteous profusion of extinct vegetable forms, with which the galleries of these instructive coal-mines are overhung. The roof is covered as with a canopy, of gorgeous tapestry enriched with festoons of the most graceful foliage, flung in wild irregular profusion, over every portion of its surface. The 'effect is heightened by the contrast of the coal-black colour of these vegetables with the light ground-work of the rock to which they are attached. The specta- tor feels himself transported, as if by enchantment, into forests of another world ; he beholds trees, of forms and characters unknown upon the surface of the earth, presented to his senses, almost in the beauty and vigour of primaeval life — their scaly stems and bending branches, with their delicate apparatus of foliage, are all spread out before him, little impaired by the lapse of countless ages, and bearing faithful records of extinct systems of vege- tation, which began and terminated in times of which these relics are the infallible historians." The Changes which Coal has Undergone, and the Conditions of the Era during which it was Deposited. — So great is the difference between a plant and coal, that it may naturally be inquired, what causes have operated to transform the green living vegetable into a black stone ? We must endeavour to connect the two extremes. And, first, the question occurs, was coal derived from plants, transported from a distance, and deposited in lakes and estuaries, as drift-timber is at present carried by the American rivers into the Mexican Gulf and the estuary of the Amazon, or from plants which grew on the places where coal-beds now exist? To the drift hypothesis there are strong objections. Humboldt calcu- lates that the carbon produced by the trees of the temperate zone, growing over a certain area, would not, in one hundred years, form a stratum of more than 7-1 2ths of an inch in thickness, and yet some coal-beds are 30 feet thick. But reasoning from the action of causes at present operating, we can- not infer that the drifting process could accumulate the vast quantities of carbonaceous matter required, without intermingling with it more sand and 120 HISTORY OF NORTHUMBERXAXD. mud than are found in any coal-seam. The extended area of many coal-beds offers a still more serious objection. The Newcastle coal-field itself has an area of 200 square miles ; but, even though it were imagined that all this extent had been formed of masses of drifted vegetables, it is, however, in the highest degree improbable, that this process could have distributed vegetable matter evenly over an area of 14,000 square miles — the area of the Pittsburgh coal-seam in North America. Some few coal-beds of limited extent, may have been formed of drifted vege- tables. There are, however, sufficient grounds for affirming that, wherever a coal-bed is persistent over a considerable area, it has been formed of plants which grew on the spot, and which, in consequence of change of level, were subsequently covered over with detrital depositions out of water. The condi- tion of many delicate fossil plants shows that they have not been brought from any great distance ; but more conclusive evidence of our position is afforded by the numerous cases which have been observed of fossil trees with their roots, standing perpendicular, to the slope of the strata, and on the spot where they originally grew. In the Newcastle coal field SigillaricE have been found resting on a small seam of coal, passing through sandstone, and at length truncated, and lost in the High Main seam. Railway cuttings have exposed remains in situ of ancient Carboniferous forests. At Dixonfold, in Lancashire, five large SigillaricB were laid bare, all standing vertical to the plain, of stratification, and with their roots extending into a soft shale — oue of them was J 1 feet high and 15^ feet in circumference at the base. Near to Chesterfield, above forty fossil trees were discovered in the same position, standing about 3 feet apart upon a coal-bed, but with no traces of roots, the stems disappearing at the point of contact with the coal, to form which, the root and lower portion of the stems had contributed. The most interesting example in England is that at Parkfield, at Wolverhampton, where, in connection with a deposit not exceeding 12 feet in thickness, there are three distinct beds of coal, each exhibiting, on its surface, forests of large upright trees — on the upper surface seventj'-three trees were standing within an area of one quarter of an acre. The New World furnishes additional facts. Sir Charles Lyell found in the coal measures of Nova Scotia, at the South Joggings, erect trees at ten different levels, extend- ing over a space of about fourteen square miles. The trunks, w^hich were abruptly broken at the top, passed through different mineral beds, but were never seen to penetrate a coal-seam, however thin — they terminated down- wards either in coal or shale, having grown, either out of decomposed vegeta- tion, or out of a swamj^y mud soil. Mr. Brown describes similar instances in the Sydney coal field of Cape Breton, where the npright trees generally are rooted in the shale or mud beds, the marshy soil of the Carboniferous era. The conclusion which these facts prove, is remarkably confirmed by the peculiar relation which the under clay has to a coal-bed. - It was first observed by Mr. Logan, that below every one of the hundred coal-seams in South Wales, there is a bed more or less argillaceous and mixed with sand, usually of a fine texture, and making a good fire clay. Now, every one of these beds is penetrated in all directions by a tangled collection of fossil roots (stlgmaricB THE OEIGTN OF COAL. 3 21 Jjcoides), from wliicli numerous rootlets proceed, interlacing with each other. In Britain generally, and in North America, the same relation has been observed. Some few exceptions occur in our own district, but even here interesting instances can readily be found. Beneath a coal-bed at Shilbottle there is a bed of carbonaceous sliale, 6 feet thick, almost entirely composed of stigmaricB with long rootlets attached, and so highly charged is this bed with carbon, that it can be advantageously used to burn lime. Indeed, there seems no doubt that the under clay was the soft, damp, muddy soil on which the Carbon- iferous Flora grew, the form, and sometimes the structure of the roots remain to reveal to us their nature and history, but the gigantic stems and enormous vegetation which they supported have been transformed into coal. We must find analogies in existing nature to give force to our exposition, for modern geology, discarding the fanciful conjectures which gave poetic interest but no philosophical value to the cosmogonies of a former generation, appeals to the laws now operating to furnish an explanation of the past. Accumulations of peat, so abundant in this district, gives us an illustration. This is formed when vegetables moulder in moist situations. In the lower part of a deposit, it consists chiefly of trunks and branches of trees, of reeds and sedges, and in the upper part of the remains of various species of sphag- num or moss, which throw out new shoots as the older deca}^ so that an in- crease in the' height of the deposit is constantly going on, as long as the proper condition of moisture continues. It is found at all levels in this countrj^ from the sea coast up to the summit of Cheviot, and not unfrequently of considerable depth, as near to Ford, where it is about 20 feet deep. Peat accumulations extend over great areas in Ireland, where they occupy one-tenth of the surface, with a depth in some cases of 40 feet. Peat deposits pass under the sea at North Sunderland, Newton, and Howick. At Hartlepool, we found one six feet thick, containing many oak trees, covered over with abed of silt or mud, in which are entombed great numbers of marine shells identical with those now living along the shores of the German Ocean. Within, therefore, a comparatively recent period, there has been a change of level along the eastern coast, a forest of trees waved their branches where the billows of the ocean now roll, presenting a type, indeed, of the changes which occurred during the Carboniferous era. The peat deposit at the Black Lough, a few miles west of Alnwick, offers another not uninteresting illustration. It occupies a basin, of which the Lough forms a part, and is, in some places, twelve feet thick — at the bottom are stumps of trees, their tops broken off, but still standing rooted in the sandy soil beneath the peat. If this basin were depressed, and detrital matter, brought by water, deposited, that peat, ages hereafter, would be converted into coal, and would present, on a small scale, analogies to a coal field. In countries where vegetation is more rank than in Britain, we have climatal and other conditions more resembling those of the carboniferous era. An instructive example is furnished by the low grounds bordering the Gulf of Mexico. The delta and alluvial plain of the Mississippi have an area of about 30,000 square miles, being somewhat greater than that of Ireland — ■ H 1S2 HISTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. the elevation of the delta does not in any part exceed ten feet. According to Sir Charles Lyell, the larger portion of this area consists of swamps, supporting a luxuriant growth of timber, especially cypress tress, interspersed with lakes in deserted river bends. The mass of vegetable matter is increas- ing, for as one generation of cypress trees moulders down, another rises above its remains, each generation, in its course, adding to the vegetable accumula- tion. At the bottom is an unctuous clay, which is penetrated by the cypress roots, in a manner similar to the stigmarim in the under clays of a coal seam. Portions of these swamps are occasionally covered over by sediment brought down by the river, which, when swollen, breaks through its ba.nks, and a muddy or sandy roof is formed to the carbonaceous mass, like that which is found in the coal measures. Sections, indeed, show that within a period comparatively recent, beds of vegetable matter, consisting chiefly of moulder- ing cypress trees, identical with those nov/ growing in the swamps, are over- laid by strata of clay and sand, eighty feet in thickness. A depression of the delta, to the extent of only a little above ten feet, would bring an area of 14,000 square miles below the level of the sea, the materials of an extensive coal bed would be covered over, mud, sand, and lime-strata would be formed, and marine exuviae entombed, and the series, after the lapse of ages, would present a counterpart to the mountain limestone of Northumberland and Berwickshire. Nor is such a depression unlikely to occur, for changes of level are going on at present — some gradual, as in Scandinavia — and others sudden, as on the coast of Chili. The complicated phenomena of our district evidence frequent oscillations of level and repeated changes of land, fresh water, and nmriue conditions. During the Carboniferous era, this district had its hills and valleys, its rivers and lakes, but there were also extensive low-lying plains, rank with vegeta- tion, bordering on the sea. These swamps were converted into lakes, and the submerged vegetation was covered with sand and mud, in which were stems and branches of trees — other changes succeeded — the waters gradually became shallower, and, at length, a new marshy surface appeared, supporting a vegetation as luxuriant as before — after the lapse of ages, the scene is again cha,nged, the vegetable accumulations have again sunk, the waters of the ocean have rolled over it, and eventually it is covered with lime and mud beds, which are crowded with marine animals, that had lived and died on the spot Vvhere they are now entombed. The Carboniferous deposits have a wide range in both hemispheres, from the arctic regions down to the 33° of north latitude. Over the whole, the same general conditions prevailed, for the same peculiar Flora is found in every portion of it. That Flora was not varied, though extraordinarily luxu- riant and enormous in the aggregate. At pTesent there are in Great Britain 1428 species of flowering plants and ferns, but only 300 species have been found belonging to the Carboniferous era. The different proportion of ferns is also remarkable, for while nearly one-half of the Carboniferous Flora are ferns, they constitute only about 1-3 5th part of the entire existing Flora. Conditions such as are indicated by the Carboniferous Flora are to be met THE OBIGIN OP COAL. 123 with only in countries, especially in islands, bordering on the tropics, and it may therefore be inferred that the climate of the era was humid and equable, and, if not warm, at least temperate. This conclusion is strengthened by some peculiar characters of the Coniferous fossils found in the valley of the Tweed, for they have few and very slight appearances of concentric rings, which arise from interruptions of growth consequent on changes of temperature. The scenery of these primceval lands, though not glowing with beauty, nor radiant with light, has its charms, and arrests attention by the strangeness and vast propoitions of its vegetation. The summits of the hills and slopes of the mountains were adorned by the picturesque forms of the lofty Arau- carias and the other cone-bearing trees — on the extended swampy plains, dense forests of gigantic club-mosses flourished, their huge arms flung widely out, and covered with scaly leaves and terminated with cones ; fluted trees stood erect on widely spreading roots, their long narrow leaves forming a series of drooping curves, rising from the summit and sides of the stem, and giving to the scene a sepulchral solemnity — tall reeds sprung upward, straight as the mast of a vessel, with slender leaves or branches in whorls around the stem. The foliage of the whole was sombre, but somewhat relieved by the brighter green herbaceous ferns which grew in the shade, and by the graceful tree ferns crowned with over-arching fronds. No warm-blooded creature then " vralked the earth" — no beast roamed through the forest — no bird was there, with its gay plumage and sportive song ; only a few reptiles crawled in the swamps, and an insect here and there fluttered on the wing : — yet the thoughtful mind connecting this scene with the distant Future, feels deeply interested with its aspect and bearings — for here the all-wise Creator, who adjusts the working of physical laws to the attainment of moral purposes, caused the vegetative powers of nature to put forth their strength, to make provision for the future wants of the intellectual and moral beings who were to people the world. It nov,' remains for us to explain the chemical changes which the entombed vegetable mass has undergone in its conversion into coal. Coal is formed of the same elements as wood, but in different proportions. Leaving out unessential elements, wood is composed of oxygen and hydrogen gases united with about an equal quantity of carbon. Oak, for example, contains 49-432 parts of carbon, 44-499 of oxj^gen, and 6*069 of hydrogen. Now, v.'hen wood is immersed in water, a change commences which Liebeg calls mouldering, and which is different from the decay that results when air is freely admitted ; oxygen and hydrogen are given off in combination with smaller quantities of carbon, the hydrogen and carbon forming carburetted hydrogen, the fire-damp of miners, and the oxygen and carbon forming car- bonic acid, the choke-damp of miners. Trees submerged in bogs are under- going this change — and, hence, the swamps bordering the Mississippi are constantly emitting carburetted hydrogen, especially wherever the ground is dug into. Bog-wood, therefore, contains a larger proportion of carbon than wood does, its composition being 57*0 of carbon, oT*5 of oxygen, and 5 9 of 124 mSTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. - hydrogen. AVlien the mouldermg process has gone on for a longer period, lignite, such as is found in the tertiary beds, is formed, in which the carbon is further increased, the composition being 58-56 of carbon, 26'85 of oxygen, and 5-95 of hydrogen. As we go backward in time, the disproportion becomes greater, for the rich bituminous Bensham coal belonging to the Newcastle coal-measures, consists of 86-44 of carbon, and only 5*67 of oxygen, and 5'74 of hydrogen. And in anthracite, where the series of changes is nearly com- pleted, the oxygen and hych^ogen have all but cUsappeared, and the result is nearly pure carbon. Here a practical hint may be given. Some persons, especially those living ill the country, expose coals to rain, in the belief that their quality will be thereby improved — but exposure to moisture hastens on the decay of coal — it cannot, indeed, be stored in too dry a situation. For steam vessels, dry storeage is of great importance, because access of moisture, besides wasting coal, may cause spontaneous combustion, when sulphuret of iron is in com- bination with the coal. The mouldering process is still going on in coal-fields, for to this is owing the evolution of carburetted hydrogen, the dreadful enemy to miners — and yet this destructive element, when rightly treated, ministers to our wants, cooking our food and lighting our villages and towns. Bearing in mind what has already been achieved in controlling and directing the power of steam and of the electric fluid, it may be hoped that science, impelled onward by humanity, will ultimately be able to bring the carburetted hydrogen from the mine where it spreads misery and death, and, conducting it into proper receivers, aj^ply it to economical purposes. Already something has been accomplished. The floor of the Bensham seam, in Hebburn colliery was observed to rise, and gas to escape from another seam 24 feet below — ^the lower seam was tapped, and the gas is conducted by a pipe to the subterraneous stables and used to light them. At WaUsend a large quantity of gas — 11,000 hogsheads per minute — is now wasted — it is brought up by a pipe from a depth of 900 feet, is ignited above ground, and may be seen for a distance of several miles, burning like a huge bonfire. The Americans, ever ready to make practical applications, *' are wiser in their generation." There is an abundant discharge of the same gas, from carbonaceous shales connected with the coal formation, atFranconia, but its escape into the atmosphere is arrested, and it now illuminates the streets and houses of the viflage. Pressure, heat, and time have been additional means of completing the con- version of wood into coal. The vegetable deposits of our district have been compressed by an enormous weight of superincumbent rocks, consisting of the broken up masses of more ancient mountains, of sand, mud, and lime beds of great thickness, and of lava streams poured out from the depths of the earth. Experiments made by Professor Goppert, a,nd also by Mr. Oakes, have well shown the influence of heat. The former placed recent plants, represen- tatives of the Fossil Flora, for a long time in water, whose temperature was I THE OETGIN OF COAL, 125 maintained during the day at 212° Fahr. and at from ]35° to 167° Fahr. during the night — in t>YO years a product was obtained which could not be distinguished from brown coal. It was not, however, black and shining like ordinary mineral coal, but by the addition of a small quantity of sulphate of iron, the product obtained had this aspect. Anthracite can be formed by artificial means, for Mr. Oakes exposed the bituminous coal of Alfreton to a very gradual heat, and the result was not coke, but an anthracite, similar to that which is natural. Probably the lower beds of the Welsh coal basin are anthracitic, because they are nearer to the sources of central heat than the U23per beds, which are bituminous. Basaltic and other igneous dikes and ovei-flows produce a like effect — many instances occur in the Scotch coal fields; and at Calton Hill, fragments of coal which have been enclosed in the trap rock are changed into anthracite. Our own district also presents facts of the same nature. A large basaltic dilie cuts through the Carboniferous beds at Beadnel, and the coal at the point of contact is charred, forming a kind of coke, but, at a short distance, it is anthracitic, the hydrogen and oxygen of the coal having been driven off along with a smaller amount of carbon, by the heat of the molten rock. Time is demanded to account for the accumulation of vegetable matter, and the various changes which have succeeded. Supposing that the vegetable ener- gies of the Carboniferous era were fourfold those of the present, sixty thousand years would be required for the growth of the plants which are now mineral- ised in the 100 feet of coal in South Wales — and yet this is but a fraction of the time which passed away while the 12,000 feet of accompanying sedi- mentary strata were deposited, since all of them were of slow and gradual formation. Even this vast period includes only a short section of the records of nature. Taking our era as a stand-point, and looking backward through the Devonian, Silurian, and the Cambrian systems, with their rocky beds many miles in thickness, and containing myriads of extinct races, and then forward through the secondary, tertiary, and recent formations, and marking how frequently entire assemblages of organised creatures disappear and are succeeded by others widely different, the mind labours in vain to sum up the long series of ages which pass before it in succession. But this surve3% while teaching us to cultivate a reverential spirit, gives elevation to our ideas of that Infinite Being, to whom "a thousand years are as one day," and who, throughout all past time, has maintained order and harmony in the universe. Viewing, moreover, the history of coal, not only in connexion with physical laws, but also with moral beings, we may perceive a relation of means to an important end. The rank vegetation of a far distant era, the changes it has undergone, and its position in the bowels of the earth where it can be reached by human skill, have a direct bearing on the comfort of man and social pro- gress. From the dark mine, therefore, indubitable evidence comes forth of the existence and power of G od, and from thence ma}" be heard a testimony to His benevolence and forethought, in storing up for the use of man a vast magazine of fossil fuel. 126 HISTOEY OF NOETHUMBERLAND. " My heart is awed within me, when I think Of the great roiracle that still goes on In silence round me — the perpetual work Of THY creation, finished, yet renewed Per ever.''-— Beyant. THE COLLIERIES. Of all the coal-fields in England, that of Northumberland and Durham is the most important. It is bounded on the north by the river Coquet, and extends nearly to the river Tees on the south. Thus, its extreme length is about forty-eight miles, and its extreme breadth twenty-four miles, but its area cannot be less than eight hundred square miles. It is intersected by tv^^o navigable rivers, the Ty^e and the Yv^ear, on the former of which is situated the town of Newcastle, and on the latter the city of Durham. Throughout this district, the coal strata " dip," or descend, towards the east, and " crop out," or ascend, towards the west. At one point, a particular seam, called the Pligh Main, lies at a depth of nearly a thousand feet, w-hile at other spots, the same seam rises nearly to the surface. Throughout thei greater part of this coal-field, the various beds, or strata, of the coal-measures, amount to upwards of eighty, consisting of alternating beds of coal, sa.ndstone, and slate clay, the aggregate thickness of the whole being about sixteen hun- dred feet. This coal-field possesses as many as forty distinct beds of coal, but only eighteen of them are of sufficient importance to be considered work- able amd remunerative. The miost valuable bed, or seam,, is called the High Idain, and is about tvvo yards thick. The next in value is the Bensham seam, which is remarkable for its excellent quality as a domestic coal, and for the enormous quantity of gas evolved from it m the mine. The Hutton seam is of every good quality, and is extensively worked, while the other seams are also very valuable. Collieries are, therefore, established chiefly with reference to one or more of these three seams. What is meant by tlie " Tyne Collieries " is the whole group of collieries, whether lying north or south of the Tyne, which ship their coals in that river. There are about thirty of these collieries in Northumberland, on the northern side of the river, and about tv^-enty in the northern part of Durham, on the south side of the river — those in South Durham belong to the Y/ear or to the Tees systems. It is curious to look a,t a map in vvhich these collieries are laid down. The pits are dotted here and there on both sides of the river, being more and more thickly congregated as they approach nearer to its banks. These pits are about a hundred in number, two or more in some cases belonging to the same colliery. Not less curious is it to trace the dotted lines which mark the " ways," one of the most characteristic feature in the coal districts. As the river Tyne is the great outlet for nearly all th coal derived from the Tyne collieries, notwithstanding the spread of the rail way system, some means must be adopted for reaching the river, but how is 4< THE COLLIEEIES. 127 this to be effected ? The colliery may be six or eight miles distant, and the sm'face-gTound may belong to other parties. Long before passenger raihvays were heard of, raihyays, or tramways, w^ere laid clown to facilitate the carriage of coals in trucks from the pits to the river, and we find these tramways fol- lowing the best route which lies open to them. Now, it is obvious that some arrangement must be made with the landed proprietors in these matters, and, in truth, these arrangements are often a grave question to the coal owners. Although the expense of the mining operations is so great — although the establishment of a first-rate colliery, with its machinery, horses, waggons, etc. amounts to a sum varying from £40,000 to £150,000 — although the capital employed by the Tyne coal owners is so large^ yet the "way leaves," or " way rents," are an additional feature beyond all these, without which not a ton of coal can be brought to market. The character of the pitmen, the nature of their labour, the relations between them and their employers — all are dependant, more or less, on the mode in which the coal is distributed under the surface of the ground. To these deep-lying coals, therefore, we must ask the reader to pay an imaginary visit. First, then, how to descend? We see a vertical hole, or pit, pitcliy dark, and surmounted by wheels to facilitate the raising of coal from the bottom of the shaft. Into one of the "tubs," or " buckets," used for this purpose, we must now contrive to get, a matter which requires no small amount of nerve to effect. If the bottom of the bucket should give vs&j, or the rope break, or — but it is fearful to speculate on such ifs, when you are swinging over a depth of several hundred feet. Now we are descending. It is said by those wdio ascend in balloons, that no feeling of motion is perceptible but that the earth seems to be flying away from them, while they are perfectly still and motionless. T'.Iuch the same may be said, in reverse, in descending a coal shaft. You have no idea of descent, but the little round hole of light seems to be flj'ing faster and faster over your head upwards, as if it were going to the skies, and at length — in a couple of minutes, perhaps — the orifice of the shaft has apparently turned itself into a day star, which shines far, far above you in the firmament. Arrived at tlie bottom of the pit, what do v/e see ? Nothing, or nothing but " darkness made visible." Every vestige of daylight is effectually shut out, and it requires some time to accustom one s eyes to the light of the candles, which appear as mere sparks or points of light in the midst of intense darkness. By degrees, however, our eyes become accustomed to the strange scene, and men are discerned moving about in galleries, or long pas- sages, working in positions which would break the back of any ordinary workman, while boys and horses are seen to be engaged in bringing the coal to the mouth of the pit. Some of these horses go through the whole of their career without seeing the light of day — tliey are born in the pit, reared in the pit, and die in the pit. A coal mine, as you now perceive, is not simply a pit with coals at the bottom of it. The shaft is merely an entrance, from the bottom of which 138 HISTORY OF NORTHUMBEELAXD. passages radiate to a great distance. These passages are cut in the coal "seam " and are a natural result of the manner in which the coal is worked. If the whole of a coal-seam were to be excavated at once, the cavity left would be so large that the earthen roof would fall for want of support, hence it is requisite to leave portions called " pillars," to support the superincumbent weight, and the self-interest of the coal-owner leads him to limit the size of these pillars as much as consistent with safety. Passages lead between and around these pillars, and iron tramv/ays are laid along the passages, to facilitate the removal of the buckets of coal from the workings to the upright shaft. Speaking of the timidity which often prevents persons from visiting these striking scenes where the pitman pursues, " Howe'er the dayliglit smiles or night storms rave, His dangerous labour, deeper than the grave ; Alike to him whose taper's flickering ray Creates a dubious subterranean day, Or whether climbs the sun his noontide track, Or starless midnight reigns in coif of black; Intrepid still, though buried at his Avork, Where ambush'd death and hidden dangers lurk !" JMr. Holland, in his " History of Fossil Fuel," remarks, " But if courage be required to enter a coal-mine at ordinary depths, it is in descending the frightfully deep pits in the neighbourhood of Newcastle, that sensations border- ing on the awful are inevitably experienced, and in traversing, at such pro- found depths, the endless galleries into which shafts ramify, the visitor is struck by the perfection of plans adapted to lessen, as much as pos*sible, the risk which the pitmen run." " Much is thought," say the author of " Our Coal Folds and our Coal Pits," of visiting the ruinous sites of renowned cities, where men can walk over wild wastes of solitary sand, and where, some centuries before, other men walked over smiling fields, or through long and populous streets, and by ship-beaiing rivers, with all the marks of thriving commerce. The mind grows melancholy in conjuring up, upon the plain of now unprofitable sands, the once living multitude, the thronging idlers of the market-place, the vivid and impassioned orators of the forum and senate — the meditative philosophers of the grove, the academy, and the schools — the long lines of vanished villas, and of gilded palaces, and all the triumphs of successful war — of thriving places, and of monarchical splendour. Where are now^ all these things — all these men ? Nothing but* tumbled stone and marble images, ruined and mutilated, now remaining — not a relic of profit — not a fruit of their lives — not a single heir- loom of all their arts, and wars, and trades and schools, come down to posterity ! They are as though they had never lived upon this changeful earth. We can- not even till the fields, and fertilise the ground, with aught they have left — not even their bones to make manure. And their images and statues ? Well, a few half-broken ones may find their way to the halls of London and Paris. But the men, the women, the children? Not one useful result of theii* lives — their name, their deeds, their loves, their animosities— all gone out like the little flame of a taper ! The bones of the mighty dead, indeed ! THE C0LLIEKIE3. 129 " But here -^e are in the homes of the mighty dead, in the catacombs of Vegetable Giants. We are treading the streets of more than a buried city of men and monuments. No storied arches are these — no marble busts are breathing stony life here — no mouldering bones, no shrivelled mummies of Egyptian cats, no dried ibis — are here — no illegible inscriptions are standing or lying here. No spoils of rapine, no relics of royalty, no fragments of luxurious appliances are here, but all around us are the relics of innumerable forms of vegetation, which flourished and waved largely and luxuriantly in the warm breezes, long before Egypt was dreamt of, or Nineveh knew Nimrod, or Athens knew Theseus or Athene, or Kome knew Romulus, or — to begin aright — Adam knew Eden. Every tree and plant whose ruins are here com- pressed into these beds of coal, was ante-paradisaical — was green and was wood centuries upon centuries before Eden had her first rose, and Eve her first walk amidst admired and admiring flowers !" Coal mines can be used for other purposes besides the ostensible one for which they were sunk, for we find that Professor Airey, the astronomer royal, and his assistants, have lately made a series of experiments, in Harton Coal- pit, the deepest mine on the Tyne, with a view to ascertain some facts with regard to the density of the earth and the action of the pendulum. Experi- ments were conducted in the bowels of the earth and on the surface simul- taneously, and are reported to have been of a most interesting character. The WoEKiNa and Management, Discipline and Duties of a Coal- MiNE. — The persons engaged in a colliery are subdivided into a greater number of classes than might perhaps be supposed, and, generally speaking, the technical designations of these classes are more significant than is usually observable in other industrial occupations, but some of them sound strangely enough to the ears of the uninitiated. They are distinguished into the two great groups of "under-ground" and "upper-ground" establishments, the for- mer engaged in the pit, and the latter in conducting the open air arrangements. The chief of them are occupied in a way which may be illustrated in the following connected ^iew. The actual coal digger is called the hewer. "Whether the seam be so narrow that he can hardly creep into it on hands and knees, or whether it be lofty enough for him to stand upright in, he is the responsible workman who loosens the coal from its bed, all the arrangements below ground are made to suit him, he is indeed the key of the pit, the centre of the minhig system. The hewers are like the cabinet council of the country, governing and directing and work- ing for the whole pit population besides. Next to them come the imtters, who are divided into trams, headsmen, foals, and haJf-marroivs. These are all youths or children, and their employment consists in dragging or pushing the coal from the workings to the passages where horses are capable of being employed in the work. The distance that a corve, or basket of coal, is dragged in this manner, averages about a hundred and fifty yards. When a boy drags or " puts" a load by himself he is designated a tram., when two boys of unequal age and strength assist each other, the elder is called a headsman and the younger a foal, and when two boys of equal age and strength help each I 130 HISTORY OP KORTHtlMBERLAXD. otlier, both are styled half -marrows. "^Ylieu the corves are '-put" to a particular place, where a crane is fixed, the crane-man manages the crane by which the corves are transferred from the tramway to the rolleys, and keeps an account of the number so transferred. The corf is a wicker-work basket, containing from four to seven hundred weights, the roUeif is a waggon for transporting the corves from the crane to the shaft, and the rolleyicay is a road, or path, sufficiently high for a horse to walk along it with the rolley, and is kept in repair by the rolleyii: ay-men. The driver takes charge of the horse, which draws the rolley, and the on-setter is stationed at the bottom of the shaft, to hook and unhook the corves and tubs which have descended or are about to ascend the shaft. Without troubling the reader with any extended or scientific details, the following observations will give him some notions of ventilating and lighting a coal-mine. The seams of coal, and the apertures where such seams have been, often give out carburetted hydrogen and other gases, which,- when mixed with common air, become very explosive. Hence it is important to drive these gases out of the mine as quickly as possible, and this can only be effected by causing a current of air to pass constantly through the workings. A complete system, as now adopted at the best collieiies, comprises the downcast-shaft for the descent of fresh air, the upcast-shaft for the ascent of vitiated air, well-planned galleries, doors, and valves, throughout the whole of the mine, and a iurnae©"-^t the bottom of the upcast-shaft to heat the air, and cause it to ascend more rapidly. In some collieries the an' is made to traverse an extent of thirty miles of galleries and passages. In former times the dangerous contaminated passages were lighted only by sparks struck from a small instrument called a " steel-mill," but the beautiful safety lamp or " Davy," as the miners famiharly call it, has superseded this. In this lamp the flame is sm'rounded by a wire gauze, having very fine meshes, through Vv^hich the air must pass to feed it, and, if the air be inflammable, the flams is confined within the gauze envelope, for the iron wire cools the gas too much to permit the flame to exist on the outside of the gauze. If the lamp be properly tended, it is one of the most precious boons that science ever gave to industry, if it be neglected, as it often is by the miners, those explosions take place which so frequently give rise to such fearful results, A good plan of the works, vvith adequate ventilating power, will not ensure safety in a colliery unless there be a vigilant administration of all tbe mining - affairs, united with due subordination, constant inspection, and effective discipline. It is not too much to say, that the daily work of a colliery should be conducted on the supposition that danger is always to be looked for, and always to be provided against. The great Newcastle mines may be said to be established upon a system of effective and excellent disciphne, which has been arrived at by degrees, and has been much improved within a comparatively recent period. Few collieries are now found without regular maps, which are on a large scale, and show the extent as well as the progress of the workings, the courses of the air, and the lines of dislocation in the strata, sections of which are generally formed, and sometimes adorn the office walls, while large THE COLLIERIES, 131 drawings of furnaces, shafts, engineering arrangements, &c., are now fre- quently under keeping of the managers at the collieries. The actual condition of the mine may at any minute be known to the resi- dent viewer or the consulting vieiver, — the former of whom_ is supposed to be, and very generally is, familiar, by daily visits, with every part of the works, and is personally acquainted with all the workmen. A practice is now becoming general of making the most eminent vievv^ers in the district con- sulting viewers, and, therefore, the highest authorities of two or three prin- cipal or lesser mines, which they visit periodically. The general charge of the mining operations is delegated to the under vieiver, who is expected to examine the mine daily, and, in addition to his ovvii personal inspection of the workings — the waste, the state of the air courses, and the quantity of air passing in the different currents, the ventilation, and the state of the mine generally, — he is to receive a daily report from the overmen and master waste- men on the workings and operations under their charge. As the result of his own observations, and of the reports made to him, he is to take measures for correcting irregularities and for obviating all discoverable sources of danger. The viewer is his superior officer, to whom he must, from time to time, and instantly, in all cases of emergency, make reports. The overmen have the charge of the working of the pit, and more especially of the safety of the men, whence their name. Their duty is to attend to the lighting of the pit, inspect the lamps, direct whatever candles or lamps-shall be used in exploring drifts or while working, and see that lamps are always used in pillar working. They are assisted by deputies, whose duty it is to go into the pit every morn- ing, one hour before the hewers, to examine every v/orking place in the pit, and especially to ascertain that it is in a safe working condition. They also examine all safety lamps, and lock them so that the men cannot tamper with them. No hewer is allowed to enter his w^orking place until it has been examined by the deputy of his district. To the deputies also belong the laying of the tramways, the securing of the workings by timber, &c. Besides these ofS.cers, there are the master masteman and his assistants, who travel daily in the waste, or old workings of the pit, see that the air courses are everywhere in good order, remedy falls of the roof, build or prop up where requisite, remove impediments to the movements of the air, and generally attend to the precautions of good ventilation. Two wastemen, travelling together, go over the whole of the v/aste at least once a week. At the close of each day's labour, the deputies see all the men and boys out of their respective work-places, and examine that no lights are left in the pit, that the doors are closed, and that the ventilation is in good order. In addition to the varieties of pitmen which we have mentioned, there are numerous others, such as furnace-nien, Jwrse-keejJers, lamp-keepers, shifters, su-itch-]:eepcrs, trajJ- pers, ivay- cleaners, and wood and water leaders. Many of these strange designations find a place in the popular songs and stories of the colliery district — songs and stories which are like an unknown tongue to the stranger, until he acquires some knowledge of the vocabulary in which they are composed. We subjoin a specimen of a pitman's song : — 13^ HISTORY OF ^'OETHOIBE ELAND. " As me and my maiToiiv -was ganging to vrsivk, We met with the de'il, it was in the dark; I np vrith my pick, it being in the neit, I knocked off his horns, likewise his club feet I Follow the horses, Johnny my lad oh ! Follow them through, my canny lad oh! FoUow the horses, Johnny my lad oh ! Oh laddy away, canny lad oh ! As me and my marrow was putting the tram, The low it went out, and my marrow went wrang ; You would have laugh'd had you seen the gam, — The de'il gat my marrow, but I gat the tram. Follow the horses," &o. From the enuraeratiou of tlie officers and men given above, the reader ^Yill plainly perceive, that coUiers are not merely black-faced diggers and shovellers, who attack the coal wherever they meet with it, and roam about in a dark pit, to seek their coaly fortunes. All is pre-arranged and systematic, every one knows exactly whither he is to go, and what he has to do. But the above list, formidable as it appears, does by no means include all those engaged at a colhery — they are nearly all of them the " underground " hands, who could not transmit the coal to market without the aid of the " upperground " estabHshmcnt, which comprises hanksmen, brakesmen, icaiters, trimmers, staithmen, screen-trappers, and many others. Hard as a pitman's life seems to be, yet it is agi'eed by those who knew the Northumbrian collieries half a century ago, that it was then much more laborious. The following is the description given of it by a Newcastle merchant, who had himself experienced the severity of boyish labour some forty or fifty years since. His description of that period was sad indeed, and it was very detailed. Then, according to his account, the boy would go into the pit to work at two o'clock on IMonday morning, and arrive at his home between eight and ten at night, entirely exhausted. He would again repair to work the next morning at the same hour, half asleep, and sometimes half naked. This continued through the week, and he would not see much day- light from Sunday till the next Saturday afternoon. Although this state of things might not be permanent as regarded the long hom's, yet the labour was always extreme, and two boys were often bound to "put" together, without the adequate strength, this led to quarrels between unequally matched boys, and though these were sometimes brothers, fights and foul language were frequent among them. One great cause of improvement was the employment of metal or iron plates for the trains to run upon, and another was the blasting of coal with powder. Before this, the boys had often to drag their coal over a fir plank, or even the bare floor, but now the whole way is laid with metal plates, even up to the face of the workings, and by this improvement one boy can perform the previous work of two. The lessees of coal, as well as the proprietors who work their own royalties, are very wealthy. The capital employed in winning and working the three lai'gest coal concerns are not less than £-500,000 each. These establishments I WIE COLLIEEIES. 133 may each comprise from six to t\Yelve separate mines, and all the respective engines, waggons, horses, &c. The winning of a single colliery, all things included, will cost from £50,000 to £80,000, and even as high as £200,000 in extreme cases. These observations apply chiefly to the great partnerships and to the grandees of the trade, such as Lord Londonderry's trustees, the Countess of Durham's executors, the Great Hetton Coal Company, Lord Eavensworth and partners, in all of which there can be little doubt that the capital sunk, with machinerj^ and plant, must approach to £500,000 each. The second rank collieries may perhaps equal £200,000. The third class concerns may be reckoned as single pits, with capitals of from £40,000 to £60,000 each, while the fourth and most numerous class of collieries may require from £8,000 to £25,000 each. These are generally engaged in the coasting trade, and for the supply of the steam-coal to London, and local manufactories of various kinds. There are still smaller collieries, but they are chiefly for land sale, and do not supply the general markets. The Pitmen, their Dwellings, Habits, and Peculiaeities. — The pitmen are in every sense a peculiar race, and strange indeed is their manner of life; passed, as it is, in the bowels of the earth, shut out from the light of day. From early boyhood to old age their thoughts and occupations are wdth coal, — consequently, their knowledge of the world, beyond the colliery district, is very limited, and an occasional journey to any place beyond Newcastle, is quite an event in their monotonous lives. The working classes, in many parts of England, possess houses better than their furniture, but among the pitmen of the north the case is reversed, the furniture is generally better than the dwellings. A colliery village usually consists of houses built in pairs, which are placed in rows. The space between the fronts of the houses, forming the street, is unpaved and undrained, but that between the backs of the houses not unfrequently exhibits a joint- stock dust-heap and dung-hill running along the avenue, flanked here and there by pig-sties and heaps of coal. The pitmen's houses are erected either by the coal-owners, or by certain petty companies, who speculate in the build- ing and letting of them to the proprietors of the colliery, at rates varying from three to four pounds per annum. As these houses are erected for tbe con- venience of the men employed in the pits, in the neighbourhood of which tbey are situated, it follows as a necessary consequence, that when the pits are abandoned, the villages are abandoned also, and in such cases they present a most desolate appearance. The houses may be divided into three classes, the first, or best class, possess two rooms on the ground floor, with u kind of loft above, the next class have only one room on the ground floor, with a loft above, while the third possess only a single room. Some of the villages, are of a superior character, but the average seem to be about on a level with those here described. Yet these dwellings contain, for the most part, better furni- ture than is to be found in similar houses elsewhere. Eight-day clocks, mahogany chests of drawers, and four-post bedsteads, are said to have become quite a common object of ambition among the pitmen, and as forming items for consideration at the time of marrying. 134 HISTOEY OF NOETHUMBEELAXD. It might naturally be expected that the very unnatural position in which the children employed in the pits are placed, and their exclusion from daylight and the open air, would materially influence their physical health, not only at the time, but would so affect their constitutions as to render them liable to particular forms of disease in after life. Nevertheless, experience will not warrant the inference that any very pernicious effects result from these cir- cumstances, in such numerous instances as to justify anything like a general conclusion. Consumption is rare amongst pitmen ; scrofula certainly not more frequent than among other classes of workmen, though doubtless cases of this description sometimes occur, and the gi'eat joints are occasionally affected. That the health of the boys is for the most part good, their favour- able recovery from severe wounds and other accidents sufficiently proves, and though their persons are thin and their complexions pale, their general appearance is muscular and athletic. The " outward man" distinguishes the pitman from every other operative. His stature is diminutive, his figure disproportionate and misshapen, his legs being much bowed, and his chest protruding, while liis arms are long, and oddly suspended. His countenance is not less striking than his figure, his cheeks being generally hollow, his brow overhanging, his cheek-bones high, and his forehead low and retreating. " I have seen," says Mr. Morrison, " agricultural labourers, blacksmiths, carpenters,- and even those among the wan and distressed stockiucr- weavers of Nottinohamshire, to whom the term 'jolly' might not be inaptly applied, but I never saw a jolly-looking pitman." The same gentleman partly traces this to the fact, that the whole of the pitmen have been pit-boys at an early age, during which the form is injured by the cramped positions occupied by the boys in the mine, but he also adduces other reasons: — "Pitmen have always lived in communities, they have associated only among themselves, even their amusements are hereditary and peculiar. They almost invariably intermarrj-, and it is not uncommon, in their marriages, to commingle the blood of the same family. They have thus transmitted natural and accidental defects through a long series of gene- rations, and may now be regarded in the light of a distinct race of beings." Everybody seems- to award credit to the wives of the pitmen as being inde- fatigable in their exertions to keep everything right and tidy at home, so far as the arrangements of the houses and the employment of the people will permit. The household duties of a pitman's wife are veiy numerous. The male portion of her family may be divided into " putters " and " hewers," the former going to the mines when the latter leave, and the hours of labour and rest are consequent!}^ not the same, thus there is entailed the necessity of preparing numerous meals, and at irregular and various hours of the day. Every man and boy, immediately on coming from his work, changes his dress or goes to bed, after taking a meal and washing himself from head to foot. The flannel dress, too, in which the pit work is done, has to be sub- jected prett}'- frequently to the action of soap and water. Mr. Morrison, the gentleman above quoted, gives the following picture of the manner of li\ing among the pitmen :-— " The children of colliers are comfortably and decently f THE COLLIERIES. 135 clotlied. Cleanliness, both in their persons and houses is a predominant feature in the domestic economy of the better females of this community. The children, although necessarily left much to themselves, and playing much in the dirt, are never sent to bed without am.ple ablution. Pitmen, of all labouring classes I am acquainted with, enjoy most the pleasure of good living. Their larders abound in potatoes, bacon, fresh meat, sugar, tea, and coffee, of which good things the children partake as abundantly as the parents — even the sucking infant, to its prejudice, is loaded with as much of the greasy and well-seasoned viands of the table as it will swallow. In this respect the women are foolishly indulgent, and I know of no class of persons among whom infantile diseases so much prevail. Durham and Northumber- land are not dairy counties, consequently the large population, excepting the hinds in the northern part of Northumberland, are very inadequately supplied with milk. Did this wholesome and nutritious beverage more abound, probably the infant population would be more judiciously fed." If we follow the pitmen to Newcastle — their great metropolis — we find them still a characteristic race. Their velveteen dresses, with large and shining metal buttons, distinguish them from the rest of the population. Mr. Holland states that the pitmen used formerly, perhaps more so than at present, to delight in gaudy colours. Their holiday waistcoats, called by them 2^osey jackets, were frequently of very curious patterns, displaying flowers of various hues, and their stockings were blue, purple, or even pink or mixed colours. Many of them used to have their hair very long, which, on week-days, was either tied in a queue, or rolled up in curls, but when dressed in their best attire, it was commonly spread over their shoulders. Some of them wore two or three narrow ribbons round their hats, placed at equal distances, in v/hich it was customary to insert one or more bunches of primroses or other flowers. Such were the pitmen of past days, and many of their holiday peculiarities still remain. In concluding this somewhat lengthy article, we cannot do better than insert the folio vfing remarks of Professor Ansted, on the " Dangers of Coal Mining :" — " Coal in this country is obtained at a serious expense and risk of human life. It often happens that, on taking up a newspaper, we see that another explosion from fire-damp has taken place in some coal-mine, and that ten, twenty, fifty, or a hundred of the workmen have been hurried, unprepared, into eternity. Some we read — and these are not the greatest sufferers — have been destroyed at once, burnt to death by the explosion itself, so that no human power, no system could, perhaps, have saved them. But a larger proportion have been found at a distance. They were performing their task some hundreds of yards off, they heard the shock, they felt that they were doomed men, they rushed aj; once to the pit bottom, but, cut off by the want of a direct communication, their only chance was to reach the main gallery, and try if, by any happy accident, they might escape. But the moment they arrived at this point, they found the effects of the explosion, the fearful after- damp already on its way before them. They are stopped by this invisible, 136 HISTORY OP KORTHUMBERLANB . intangible, but fatal and impassable barrier. Some throw themselves upon the ground, and creep on for a few yards in the vain hope of escape. Some, in hopeless despair, await the advance of destruction. Such is the simple history of the whole event. One single inspiration of the after-damp produces con- vulsions in the throat, and is the almost certain precursor of instant death. So that it rarely happens that any person escapes to tell the sad tale. Is it not a question, then, worthy of consideration whether, by any method that could be adopted, these lives might be preserved? For whom do these men suffer? Their widows and orphans, their mothers, their sisters, and their friends have a right to call upon every one of us who benefit by their labours, but take no thought of their dangers and sufferings. They labour for our benefit. We induce them to run these risks, and are bound to weigh carefully the great social relatixDns which impose it as a duty upon us to improve their condition. Each event of this kind concerns us all, and we are all, without exception, responsible in our degree, for if a sufficient interest was felt and expressed in this matter, it would not be allowed to go on as it does from accident to ac- cident. That the subject is obscure and difficult, is not a sufiicient reason that it should be neglected, and because the sufferers are patient, the place of the accident far removed, and the objects of it beyond the sphere of our immediate exertions — because few amongst us have visited a coal-mine, and know nothing of the danger personally, we are not therefore at liberty to let the matter take its course without an attempt to do good. Some pity should be felt, and some sympathy also expressed for those whose lives are spent, and whose deaths may be caused in providing us with the means of comfort and enjoyment. Let us think seriously how much we owe to them — the comfort of the fireside, that essential requisite to home enjoyment — the luxuries that surround us — the facilities of travelling — the use of and interest in all machinery and manufactures — all these we owe to the coal miner, and then think how little we do for him in return. He must daily descend some hundred yards into the bowels of the earth, traversing many miles of low subterranean passages, performing his task in the most inconvenient posture, in an atmosphere always impure and choked with dust, if not actually dangerous — lighted by a small candle, or by the yet fainter glimmer penetrating the meshes of a wire gauze — and then from time to time, exposed to the chance of these accidents. He troubles not our repose — the tale of his distress hardly reaches our ears — he is poor — he is far away — he dies^ — ^^but he is our fellow-creature and our fellow-countryman. Each one among us is related to him by many bonds, and it is our duty to see that every practicable method is adopted to improve his condition. And if the dangers that surround him must still remain, in spite of all our exertions — if the terrible accidents from explosions must sometimes occur, still we have a duty to perform, for we are bound to use every means to diminsh their frequency and extent, and to take away, if possible, from their frightful results. This duty is one, not only affecting the legislature, but every individual amongst us, for all may in someway, either directly or indirectly, have influence upon those upon whom ultimately the responsibility of so great an act of public justice must fall." HIYEBS, RAILWAYS, ETC. 137 Lead, Irox, &c. — The lead district is a bleak and rugged region of moun- tains, extending from Northumberland and Durham into Cumberland and Westmoreland, and thence to the extremity of Derbyshire, being about 160 miles in extent. The veins, however, partly lie so low that they are unprofit- able. The richest mining-fields in Northumberland are at AUenhead and Coalcleugh, where the mine-measures dip to the north-east, about one yard in twenty-seven. These, with the other lead-mines in the parish of Allendale, produce on an average about 2,500 tons of lead per annum. The richest mineral depository is the " rake vein," or perpendicular mineral fissure. The principal veins in this county extend nearly east and west, whilst the cross veins run north and south, and are very irregular in their depth and breadth. Iron ore is found both in the coal and lead districts. Immense quantities of iron pyrites lie embedded in the strata of indurated clay through all the coal- field, and are profitably supplied from the collieries to the iron-works in the coal districts. Ironstone is also abundant in the shale of the lead-mines, and zinc ores abound in most of the plumbiferous veins. Copper is also found in these and the coal-measures, but it will not repay working. A narrow strip of millstone-grit runs north-eastward, dividing the coal-fields in this county, and is followed by a still narrower belt of limestone strata, running from the north-eastern border of the lead-district north of Hexham to the German ocean at Alnmouth. The millstone-grit also runs southward into Durham, and is the source whence the celebrated Newcastle grind-stones are derived. Trap-rocks occur in the coal-formations and a small district along the Tweed is occupied by the new red sandstone. EIVERS, RAILWAYS, &c. Few counties can boast of finer rivers than Northumberland. The Tyne, Tweed, Blyth, Wansbeck, Coquet, and Aln are all capable of receiving large vessels. The Tyne is formed by the united streams of tlie North and South Tyne, the former of which, rising in the disputed border territories of Scotland, passes the town of Bellingham, and a little to the north of Hexham is joined by the South Tyne, which, rising in Knaresdale, in the county of Cumberland, flows past the town of Haltwhistle, and joins the North Tjne at the place just mentioned. This river is not indeed so broad and majestic as the Thames or the Mersey, but is, nevertheless, a noble stream. Before it reaches Newcastle it passes through a wild and somewhat picturesque country, between high and pleasant banks, and amidst localities marked by historic events of the highest interest. On bold heights overlook- ing it, stand the dismantled and shattered castles of the once mighty Baliols, the Umfravilles, the Herons, the Riddells, the Blenkiusopps, the 131acketts, the unfortunate Derwentwater, and other warrior races, whose descendents are now in comparative obscurity. In its neighbourhood, Komans, Britons, and Scots, have left their memories, and traces of their abodes and battles may still I 2 138 HISTOEY OF NOETHUMBEELAND. be observed, while Corbridge, and Hexbam, and Stella Haugh are names not to be forgotten on its banks. This is enough for war, doubtless its waters were often stained with blood — now, however, they are more innocently, and with far greater profit, dyed with coal. With this river we may also associate the name of the great teacher of religion, literature, and science, the truly Venerable Bede. But religious contemplation and feudal grandeur, as well as war having given way to coal, and in connection with the prosperity which the vast developement of coally wealth has occasioned all along its banks, downward from Newcastle, all kinds of manufactories may be observed located upon it or in its immediate neighbourhood. Sailing or steaming down the Tyne to Shields, we see bottle houses, flint-glass works, crown-glass houses, plate-glass works, lead works, iron works, steam-engine manufactories, chemical works, and all indeed that can reflect, cleanse, or convey, and perhaps cure, the body of man, as well as very much that will interest his mind. The coal, however, is its principal burden, and along its banks more of coal than of nature is observable. The staiths and their vast extent of woodv/ork, of which we shall speak more minutely hereafter, are observable, and close to those staiths are innumerable vessels and boats, loading or laden with coal. On the Tyne, the coals used to be carried from the staiths to the ships almost entirely in a kind of oval vessels called keels, of which considerable numbers are still employed in bringing down the produce of the collieries, situated above Newcastle bridge, to the ships lying about Shields, and which do not load at any of the staiths between those places. A keel is considered to contain, by admeasurement, eight Newcastle chaldrons. The coals, when large, are generally piled iu the vessel according to convenience, and then sm^all, deep side-boards are added, within which the coal is heaped np, but in some cases, w^here the coal is tender, tubs are employed. Eight of these tubs being placed in a keel, go to the vessel, into which the tub is lifted by means of a crane, and when immediately over the hatchway, the trap-door is loosened, and the contents let down into the ship without injury. The keels themselves are built after an ancient model, and in connection with the men who man them, aud their arrangements, present striking features in the naviga- tion of the river. They are steered by a large kind of oar at the stern, called a swape, while a kind of pole, called a jmy is employed to push them on in shallow^ water. The captain of the keel is called the skip2Jer, and his cabin is the Jmddock. When the water is so shallow as to render the use of sails or oars inconvenient, the keels are propelled in the following manner. One man on each side of the vessel going towards the prow thrusts his pole or puy in the muddy bed of the river, rests the upper end against his shoulder, and walks along the vessel from stem to stern — thus making the puy serve as a lever to propel the boat. When the wind is favourable the keel is navi- gated with a square sail, but more nsually there are employed two long oars, one worked at the side in the usual way, by two or three men, and the other, the swape, at the stern. The wives and daughters of the keelmen have the office of sweeping the keels, from which they derive the title of k^eUleeters, and Un^EES, EAILWAYS, ETC. 139 receire the sweepings for their pains. The fund which the keelmen have estabhshed for mutual relief during sickness and old age, and also for the relief of their widows and children, is highly honourable to them. They live about Sandgate and Quay-side, and many of them reside at Dunston, two or three miles from Newcastle. In their blue jackets, flannel breeches, and blue stockings, they form an unmistakeable body, and, like the pitmen, they have their songs, their odd stories, and their oddities of many other kinds. In the following song the allusion to Sandgate fixes the locality to Newcastle : — " As I went up Sandgate, np Sandgate, up Sandgate, As I Avent np Sandgate, I heard a lassie sing : Weel may the keel row, the keel row, the keel row, Weel raay the keel row, that my laddie's in. " He wears a blue bonnet, blue bonnet, blue bonnet, He wears a blue bonnet, a dimple in his chin ; And weel may the keel row, the keel row, the keel row, And weel may the keel row that my laddie's in." And here is another, in which the lady celebrates her lover's blackness in a way that speaks very much of coals : — My bonnie keel-laddie, for me, oh i He sits in his keel, as black as the de'il, And he brings the v/hito money to me, oh !" Some other keelmen's songs that we have heard are neither poetical nor polite, but we may add another stanza of another edition of the " Keel row :" " He's na mair of learning Than tells his weekly earning ; Yet reet from wrang discerning, The' brave, no bruiser he. Tho' he not worth a plack is, His own coat on his back is. And none can say that black is The white o' Johnny's ee !" The custom was, a few years ago, for the keelmen to meet annually, to celebrate the establishment of their hospital, perambulating the town with bands of music, playing " Weel may the kefel row." There has always been an intimate connection on the Tyne between the keelmeji and the hostmen. This latter body was established in the reign of Henry IV., and afterwards incorporated by Queen Elizabeth, wdio, having tried in vain to get her due of two shillings per chaldron for all coals shipped in the Tyne, gave the hostmen a charter, on condition that they would ensure to the crov>'n one shilling for every chaldron so shipped. The hostmen were a kind of coal-brokers, midway between buyers and sellers, and their brokerage appears to have included the whole responsibility of shipping the coal 140 HISTOEY OF NORTHUMBERLAKD . purchased, so that the keelmen were the servants of the hostmen. Down to the commencement of the seventeenth century, if not later, the coals were brought from the pit's mouth to the staith in waggons along the common roads, but this method of conveyance was much improved by the laying down of tramroads, or railways, along which the coals are now brought to the Tyne. At the ends of these railways, and overhanging the river, a large platform of wood is erected, which is called a staith. Upon this the waggons laden with coal are brought to a stand, previous to the discharge of their contents into the holds of the ships which lie at anchor underneath. Each waggon contains about two and a half tons of coals, and when the number of waggons has been entered by a clerk appointed for that purpose, they are placed, one at a time, on a square open frame, which, on the withdrawal of a bolt, is immediately moved from the staith by machinery, until it is suspended over the main -hatchway of the vessel, A man also descends with it, then unfastens a latch at the bottom of the waggon, Avhich, being made to turn upon hinges like a door, immediately opens, and the whole of the coal in the waggon is cleanly poured into the hold. To facilitate this operation, the sides of the waggon converge towards the bottom, and are lined with smooth iron plates. Attached to the suspending machinery are two counterpoising weights, which, being less heavy than the waggon laden with coal, do not impede, but add steadiness to its descent, and the moment the coal is discharged their gravity draws up the waggon to the staith again. This mode of loading the vessel is both complete and ingenious. The Tweed. — Which, directly or by tributaiies, drains Berwickshire, Norhamshire, the north corner of Northumberland, and nearly the whole area of the centre and eastern border counties of Scotland, to which country it more particularly belongs. In two great head-waters, one of which bears the name of Tweed, from its source, while the other is throughout called the Lyne, it rises respectively in the south-west and the north-west extremities of Peebles- shire, and winding through a course of 30 miles, skirts the northern border of Northumberland and falls into the sea at Berwick. Of the 1,500 feet of the Tweed's total aggregate fall, from its source to its embouchure, 1,000 are achieved when it reaches the town of Peebles. In the very long run between that town and the sea, therefore, the river might be expected to become sluggish in current, and, over a considerable distance, navigable. But it accomplishes its remaining fall of 500 feet in so many and so far-apart and so comparatively gentle descents, as to be altogether a stream of beauty, and a stranger to matters of commerce. It abounds in deep pools and in long stretches of scarcely perceptible current, yet, in almost every sweep of it which can come under the eye in the course of its beautiful bends and sinuosities, it joresents one or more soft rapids, sometimes of considerable length, where the surface of the water is carried along with just sufficient speed to feature it all over with dimples, and ripples, and glassy slides, and whirls. The banks of gravel or pebbles which form these rapids, render it both naturally unfit, and artificially unimprovable for navigation. The tide flows up to Norham Castle, tenmiles above Berwick, and to New Waterford a EIVEilS, EAILWAYS, ETC. 141 six miles above Ber\\ick there is sufficient depth of water to float at 'any time, a vessel of thirty tons burthen. The real navigation of the Tweed, however, is confined to^ Berwick. The salmon fisheries on the river were formerly of great value, but of late years, they have suffered a depreciation to a veiy great amount. The Bltth is formed by a number of small streams, which, uniting their waters and flowing through Stannington Vale, faU into the sea at Blyth. The Waxsbeck is formed by a number of rivulets uniting before they reach Moi'peth, and continuing an easterly course to the sea at Camboise. Dr. Akenside thus apostrophises this river : — " 0, ye Northumbrian shades, which overlook The rocky pavement and the mossy falls, Of sohtary Wansbeck, hmpid stream ; How gladly I recall your well-known seats, Beloved of old, and that dehghtful time "When all alone, for many a summer's day, I wandered through your calm recesses, led In silence, by some powerful hand unseen," The Coquet rises m the Cheviot hills, in the north-western part of the county near the borders of Roxburghshire, and flows gently over a pebbly bed to the eastward, through a fine pastoral and picturesque district. After many beautiful v^indings it flovfs past the town of Rothbury, and crossing the great road between Morpeth and Alnwick, falls into the sea opposite Coquet Isle, at a short distance from the castle of A¥arkworth. This river is navigable for vessels of from 50 to 100 tons burden, to within a quarter of a mile from Warkworth. The xIln rises to the west of Alnham, flows through the vale of Whitting- ham, passes Huln Abbey, Alnwick, and falls into the sea at Alnmouth. In addition to these there are several lakes and cataracts, which add much to the beauty of the country. The most remarkable of these waterfalls are Linhope-linn near the hill of Little Cheviot, the Chetlup-spout, at the high mountain of Reeds-wire, the Hareshaw-linn, near Bellingham, and the Tecket, near Simonburn. Roads. — Northumberland is intersected by the following principal roads — that from London to Edinburgh, enters the county from Gateshead, by Tyne- bridge to Newcastle, and runs northward through Morpeth, Alnwick, and Belford to Berwick-on-Tweed. A branch road goes off beyond Morpeth and proceeds to Edinburgh, by Wooler and Coldstream. Another northern road runs from Newcastle, and following almost the line of the old Roman road, by the vaUey of the Reed, to Jedburgh, and thence also to Edinburgh. The Newcastle and Carhsle road, runs by Hexham and Haltwhistle. These are the principal roads throughout the couiit}^, but others traverse it in various directions. Railroads. — The "iron roads" which traverse Northumberland are the York, Newcastle, and Berwick, the Newcastle and Carlisle, and the Blyth and Tyne Railvvays. The first mentioned line is an amalgamation of the 14S HISTOBt 0? NOETHUMBEELAND. Newcastle and Daiiiugton, the York and Newcastle, and the Newcastle and Berwick Railways, under the powers of Act 10 and 11 Vic, cap. 133. There have been also incorporated at various times, by purchase or amalgamation, the Durham Junction, the Brandling Junction, the Pontop and South Shields, the Durham and Sunderland, Wearmouth Docks, Newcastle and North Shields, and Tynemouth Extension, and, by lease the Hartlepool Dock and Railway, including'the " Great North of England, Clarence, and Hartlepool Junction." It has branches in Northumberland to Tynemouth, Wai-kworth, Alnwick, and Kelso, and was opened throughout in 184T. The Northumberland portion of this railway, with the High Level bridge and adjacent viaducts, were constructed and completed under the directions of Mr. T. E. Harrison, the resident engineer, assisted by R. Stephenson, Esq., M.P., consulting engineer. Tee Newcastle a?^d Caslisle Railway, which runs across the island, pursues the course of the river Tyne to the west of Haltwhistle, and passes south of Brampton. It was incorporated in May, 1839, and opened through- out in 1839, the length being 77| miles. This line has a branch of 12 miles to Alston, and one to Swalweil. The construction and execution of this railway was directed by Mr. Francis Giles, of London. The Blyth and Tyne Railway was formed at different periods. Its first section extended from Sighill Colliery to shipping places on the river Tyne, at the Hay Hole. This portion was commenced in 1839, and finished in ] 840, by the owners of Sighill Colliery. The second section was constructed by private parties in 1847, and extends from Blyth to the Dairy House, near Seaton Delaval. About this time another portion vras formed from Hartley New Winning, connecting the first and second sections of the line, thus form- ing the Blyth and Tyne Railway which was incorporated by act of parliament in 1852. The main line is about 13 miles in length, and has several branches, one of which forms a junction with the Tynemouth branch of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, at Percy Main, the others communicate with shipping places on the rivers Blyth and Tyne. The shipping places on the latter river are within the area of the Northumberland Dock, now in course of construction. — See Hoivden toivnsJiip, Wallsend pai'ish. In 1853 the com- pany obtained an act authorising the formation of a branch extending from Newsham station to the town of Morpeth, and the present year (1854) they are applying for power to extend the hue from the Dairy House to Tynemouth, • on the one hand, and from Bedlington station, to Longhirst station, on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway. The Blyth and Tyne Railway is for the conveyance of passengers, merchandise, and coals. In 1850, a railway was formed by the Bedlington Coal Company (T. Davison, Esq. and partners), extending from the Newsham station, on the Blyth and Tyne Railway to Bedlington Colliery, a distance of about three miles. It is used for the conveyance of coals from Netherton, Barrington, and Bedlington Collieries, to shipping places on rivers Tyne and Blyth. Commerce, Manufactures, &g — Newcastle being the great centre of Northumbrian commerce and trade, a full account of the exports and imports of the county will be found under the head Commerce and HISTOKY. 143 JMaxijfactuees of Newcastle (which see). The coal trade is of course the principal source of wealth in this county. Lead, white lead, glass, cast and wrought iron, colours, shot, pottery, coal tar, — as also flour, corn, oat- meal, potatoes, butter, eggs, pickled salmon, fat cattle, &c. are the principal exports — while flax, hemp, masts, timber, pitch, tar, skins, bark, brandy, rum, wines, oils, rags, ko.. are the chief imports. Great numbers of the population are employed in ropemaking and shipbuilding. Charitable Institutions, &c. — These will be found fully noticed in the histories of the parishes and towns, where we have given brief but explicit accounts and descriptions of the Piihlic Institutions, Almshouses, and benefac- tions of each place, in which task we have availed ourselves of the Reports of the Commissioners deputed by Parliament to inquire into the State and ApjJro- priation of Public Charities in England. This commission ov/ed its existence to that indefatigable lawyer and senator Henry Brougham, now Lord Brougham and Vaux, who, doubtless, intended it to have been conducted in a more effective and less expensive manner, similar to those which had been insti- tuted, for the sam^ purpose, in several previous reigns. It commenced operations in 1817, but had not finished till 1835 — though in 1827 no less than £138,850 had been expended by the nation in salaries to the Com- missioners, and other extravagant charges. The reports comprise upvrards of thirty large folio volumes, published for the use of Parliament and the Public Libraries. It is to be hoped the commission has, in some measure, effected the object for which it was instituted, viz., the correction of the numerous abuses of public trust. The spirit of all that relates to Northum- berland has been transferred to this work. This county is comprised in the northern circuit. The assizes and the Epiphany quarter sessions are held at Newcastle, the Easter sessions at Morpeth, the Midsummer at Hexham, and the Michaelmas at Ahiwick and Berwick. The county jail and house of correction is at Morpeth, and there are also houses of correction at Alnwick, Hexham, and Tynemouth — all these are for debtors as well as criminals. There is a common jail at Newcastle-upon-Tjme, for the county of the tov\Ti, for v/iiich see NeY>"castle. mSTORY. The historical notices concerning the aborigines of Northumberland, in the Roman writers, are so unsatisfactory, and the events said by them to have occurred in this part of Britain, are so imperfectly narrated, that it is almost impossible to describe them continuously. Ptolemy informs us that the people inhabiting the eastern side of the county and the adjoining parts of Scotland, were called the Otadeni, and those to the west the Oadeni. Both these tribes are supposed to have been dependent upon, or confederated with, the " azure armed Brigantes," the most powerful and numerous of the 144 HISTOEY OF KOKTHtJMBEELAND. British nations. It was not till the year 80 that Northumberland submitted to the Roman yoke, at which period, according to Tacitus, Agricola led his invincible legions into the north, and partly by the terror of his arms, and partly by the fame of his clemency, induced the natives to yield obedience. The conquered territory was secured by garrisons, which were estabhshed on every commanding position, and by a chain of forts extending from the Firth of Forth to that of Clyde. In the last year of his government, Agricola signaUy defeated the Caledonians — but though defeated they were not sub- dued, for after his departure they continued to insult the Roman power, frequently breaking through the line of forts, and by the success which they achieved, rekindled the flame of independence in the breasts of many among their countrymen. In less than thirty years the state of Britain had become so precarious as to require the presence of the Emperor Hadrian, who becoming convinced by experience, that the barrier thrown up by Agricola could not confine the northern tribes, resolved to oppose a second barrier to theh incursions, by drawing a ditch and rampart across the island, from the Solway Frith on the western, to the mouth of the Tjiie on the eastern coast. Subsequent to this period, the sway of the Romans was subject to consider- able resistance from the indignant Britons, till at length irritated by the restless spirit of the northern tribes, the Emperor Severus took the field, determined to tame the fierceness of the unconquered Caledonians. He con- trived to reach the Frith of Cromarty, after losing an immense number of his best soldiers, and there received the submission which he had before rejected. Unable to conquer the north, he repaired Hadrian's wall and vallum, and returned to York, where he died in February, 211, previous to which he addressed his sons, Caracalla and Geta, thus : — " I leave you a steady and firm government, if you follow my steps, and prove what you ought to be, but weak and tottering if you reject my council. Let every part of your conduct tend to each other's good, cherish the soldiers, and then you can despise the rest of mankind. I found the Republic disturbed, and every- where distracted, but to you I leave it firm and tranquil." Then calling for the urn in w^hich his ashes were to be deposited, he said, " Thou shalt hold what the whole world could not contain." After the Avithdrawal of the Roman troops, a variety of petty governments rose and fell — famine, pestilence, and the Picts and Scots desolated the country. The British chiefs lost all spirit, and, instead of relying on their resources to repel the barbarians, they called in the very Saxons and Angles who were ravaging their coasts. A formidable body of this latter people arrived at Flamborough, in 547, under the command of Ida, " the Ilame bearer," who is said to have been the first of the adventurers that assumed the kingly title. His dominions consisted chiefly of the province of Bernicia, a name given by the Saxons to that portion of the country lying north of the river Tyne, and which, during some periods of the Anglo-Saxon government, extended as far north as the Frith of Edinburgh. This monarch fixed his residence at Bebbauburgh, now Bambrough, a castle which he had built upon DEFEAT OF THE SCOTS, . 145 a lofty promontory, and to whicli he had given that name in honour of his consort, Bebba. He obtained the regal title in 547, and reigned twelve years. His successor, Alia, made considerable additions to the Bernician territo- ries, and in his time, ^Ua, one of the chiefs who came over with Ida, acquhed the sovereignty of the province of Deira, from which he expelled the Britons. Malmesbury tells us that, " in the reign of this monarch, youths from Xorthumbria were exposed for sale, after the common and almost native custom of this people, so that they w^ould make no scruple of separating the nearest ties of relationship through the temptation of the slightest advantage. Some of these youths, then, carried from England for sale to Kome, became the means of salvation to all their countrymen." Malmesbury here alludes to the meeting of Pope Gregory the Great and the Saxon slaves in the Eoman market, an account of which will be found at page 48. Alia reigned thirty years, and was succeeded by Ethelric, the son of Ida, w^ho enjoyed the regal dignity for the short space of five years, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Ethelfrid, in whose person the two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were united. His valour and ferocity were dreaded by all his neigh- bours — no less by the Angles of Deira on the south than by the Britons on the west, and the Picts on the north. He had for several years ravaged wdth fire and sword the British kingdoms of Strath-Clyde and Cumbria, wdien he was encountered by the Scots or Irish, an enemy almost as barbarous as himself. These people had formed colonies on the promontories of Gallow^xy and Argyle, as early as the third centur}^ Many years afterw^ards, on the arrival of great numbers of their countrymeu, they were consolidated into a kingdom under Fergus, and vanquishiug both the Picts and Britons, Were soon complete masters of all the more mountainous districts. Whether they still thirsted for conquest, or sought to aid the Britons, or dreading the increasing power of the Angles, certain it is, that on the new^s of Ethelfrid 's desolating war, ^'dan, the Scottish king, assembled his warriors, traversed the land of the Picts, reduced the most northern parts of Bernicia, and pushing his inroad as far as he was able, arrayed his forces against those of Ethelfrid, at Dalston, near Carlisle. A stubborn and sanguinary contest ensued, in whicli Theobald, the brother of Ethelfrid, and a great number of the Angles were slain, while the Scottish army Avas almost entirely destroyed. For more than a century after this terrible blow, the Scots dreaded the very name of the Angles. Having in this manner secured his northern frontier, he turned to the south, and learning that ^Ua was now dead, took unceremonious jiossession of the kingdom of Deira. Edwin, the infant son of the deceased prince, was conveyed in safety to* the court of Cadvan, King of North Wales, but neither himself nor his host was secure. After some years, his retreat was discovered, and his generous protector attacked by the revengeful Ethelfrid. Chester was taken, and Baugor on the Dee, celebrated for its monastery of two thousand four hundred monks, was reduced to ashes. K 146 : HISTOBY OF NORTHUMBERLAND, After Caclyan's defeat, the fugitive prince of Deira wandered for a long time without any settled habitation. At last he came to Eedwald, King of the East Angles, who, pitting his misfortunes, received him into his protec- tion. Shortly after, there came messengers from Ethelfrid, demanding either the surrender of Edwin or denouncing hostihties. Determined, by the advice of his wife, not to violate through intimidation the laws of friend- ship, Redwald raised an army, and resolved to assail the Northumbrian before he could collect his forces. Ethelfrid himself was hastening ^dth a small but select army to surprise the East Anghan, and was already in the neighbourhood of Retford, in Nottinghamshire, when the banners and innu- merable spears that rose in endless succession upon the distant horizon, warned him to prepare for a very different combat. The Northumbrian, disdaining to retreat, rushed forward and destro3"ed the first division of Eedwald's army, but, overpowered by numbers, sank at length upon a heap of slaughtered enemies. The conquerors hastened to improve their advan- tage. By the men of Deira, Edwin was received with acclamations of joy, the children of Ethelfrid fled into the north of the island, and the Beniicians cheerfully submitted to the good fortune of the son of ^lla. RedAvald, having placed liis friend upon the throne of the two kingdoms, returned in triumph to his dominions. Edwin, in the ninth year of his reign, married Ethelberga, the daughter of Ethelbert, lOng of Kent. This princess, ha^dng been promised the free exercise of her rehgion, and having at heart the conversion of her husband, brought mth her, as her chaplain Paulinus, a Roman missionaiy, who had just received the episcopal consecration. Her pious desires were not yet to be accomplished. Edwin made no objection to the practice of Christianity by Ethelberga, but he himself showed no inchnation to embrace it. It was in vain that PauHnus preached — that the queen entreated — that Pope Boni- face Y. sent letters and presents — the king seemed immovably attached to the religion of his ancestors. That attachment was weakened by unforeseen occurrences, which prepared the way for Edwin's conversion. The kmgdom of Wessex was, at tha-t time, governed by two princes, who bore with impa- tience the yoke of the Northumbrian, and unable to cope with him in the field, attempted to remove him by means of an assassin, whom they sent to EdT\in in the character of an envoy. Introduced into the royal presence, the messenger drew a two-edged poisoned dagger, and aimed a desperate blow at the heart of the king. Lilla, one of the thanes, perceiving his design, threw himself between Ech\-in and the dagger, which reached the body of the king through the heart of the noble thane. Eveiy sword was instantly drawn, but the assassm defended himself with such desperate courage, that he made another Aictim before he was overpov^ered by numbers. While Edwin lay ill of his wound the words of Paulinus began to take effect, and when he had recovered, and was ready to march against the per- fidious kmgs of Wessex, he declared that if he returned victorious, he would become a Christian. He triumphed, and from that moment abstained from the worship of his gods, though he stiU hesitated to embrace Christianity. He CONVEESION OF EDWIN. 147 consulted alternately his priests and tlie missionar}^ and revolving in his mind during his hours of solitude their opposite arguments, formed at length, the resolution of embracing Christianity. Having made this resolve, he called an assembly of his mtan or counsellors, and required each to state his sentiments on the subject. The first who ventured to speak was Coiffi, the high-priest, who instead of opposing, advised the adoption of the religion of the missionary. His motive, as recorded by Bede, w^as certainly a strange one. "None," he said, "have served the gods more diligently than I have, and yet there are many wdio receive greater favours from you, are more pre- ferred than I am, and are more prosperous in all their undertakings. Now, if the gods were good for an}i:hing, they w^ould rather forward me, from wdiom they have received the most attentive service. It remains, therefore, that if upon examination you find these new doctrines, which are now preached to us, better and more efficacious, we immediately receive them without delay." When Coiffi had finished speaking, another chieftain arose, w^hose dis- course, while it proves the good sense of the speaker, is valuable as exhibiting a striking picture of national manners. He sought for information respecting the origin and destiny of man. " Often," said he, " King, in the depth of winter, while you are feasting with your thanes, and the fire is blazing on the hearth in the midst of the hall, you have seen a bird pelted by the mntry storm, enter at one door, and escape at the other. During its passage it was visible, but whence it came, or wdiither it went, j^ou know not. Such to me appears the life of man. He w^alks the earth for a few short j^ears, but wdiat precedes his birth, or wdiat is to foUov/ after his death, w^e cannot tell. Undoubtedly, if the new religion can unfold these important secrets, it must be w^orthy our attention." At the common request Paulinus was now intro- duced, and explained the principal doctrines of Christianity. Wlien he had finished, Coiffi declared himself a convert, and to prove his sincerity, ofiered to set fire to the neighbouring temple of Godmundingham. With the per- mission of Edwin, he called for a horse and arms, both of w^hich w^ere forbid- den to the priests of the Angles. As he rode along, he was followed by crowds, who attributed his conduct to temporary insanity. To their astonish- ment, bidding defiance to the gods of his fathers, he struck his spear into the wall of the temple. They had expected that the fires of heaven w'ould have avenged the sacrilege. The impunity of the apostate dissipated their alarms, and urged by his example and exhortations, they united in kindling the flames, wdiich, with the temple, consumed the deities, that had been so long the objects of their terror and veneration. Gregory the Great had directed, that upon the conversion of the northern Angles, . their metropolitan should fix his see at York. Edwin accordingly bestow^ed upon Paulinus a house and possessions in that city, and was baptised in a church hastily erected for that ceremony. The happiest eftects followed the conversion of the hitherto ferocious Northumbrians. The petty British tribes that still held out in Yorkshire w^ere subdued, the internal security of his dominions was well preserved, and open robbery was so eftectually sup- pressed, that it was a common saying among the Northumbrians for centuries, 148 HISTORY OF NORTHUMBERLAKD tliat, in tlie days of Edwin, a woman with a liabe at her breast, could pass from one end of his dominions to another without harm. Edwin's poAver, however, was doomed to sink more rapidly than it had risen. Penda, an expert and savage warrior, now occupied the Mercian throne, and scorning to acknowledge a superior, determined to win by the sword the dignity of Bretwalda, which Edwin had for many years enjoyed. Uniting his aiTQy with that of Cead walla, Idng of North Wales, he burst into Xorthumbria, and on Hatfield Chase, in Yorkshire, encountered the mighty Bretwalda. Edwin, his eldest son, and a great part of his followers were slain. Edwin was succeeded by Eanred, the son of Edilfrid, who derived his origin from the royal family of Bernicia. This monarch fell in battle "^vith the Britons near Hexliam. His brother Oswald perceiving that the spirit of the Northumbrians was still unbroken, led them once more to the field, where finding the enemy carelessly encamped, he and his little band burst with resistless energy upon the spoilers of their homes, few of whom escaped the sword. Ceadwalla himself was amongst the slain, and the ^dctor was hailed as king by the whole of Northumbria. Oswald devoted the few years of his reign to the propagation of Christianity. During the previous wars Paulinus had been obliged to take refuge in Kent, his converts had been scattered or destroyed, and the work of conversion was to be recommenced. In this emergency Oswald was not forgetful of his own instructors, the monks of lona, w^hom he implored to save his benighted subjects. They responded to the call, and the Idng's desires were fully blest by the labours of Aidan and his companions, who, ^vith unwearied perseverance, traversed everj^ part of the kingdom, converting great numbers to the Christian rehgion. As a recompense for the services of Aidan and his companions, the Idng gave them the Isle of Lindisfarne, where they erected a monasteiy, the remote but legitimate parent of the splendid and opulent see of Durham. Oswald's power was acknowledged by almost the whole of the Anglo-Saxon states, and the princes of the Picts and Scots were also numbered among his vassals. But the fate of Edwin awaited Oswald, and the same prince was destined to be the minister of his death. Penda again appeared in aiTiis, and was met by Oswald on the field of Maser, in Shropsliire, where the Northumbrian monarch died as became a king, his last words being, " Lord have mercy on the souls of my people." After this battle Penda laid siege to Bamborough, but the Northumbrians raUied round the family of the beloved Edwin, and on the retreat of the Pagans from the well-defended rock, they enabled Oswio, the brother of Oswald to ascend the throne. Again and again did the Mercian monarch sally forth and slay and ravage without mercy. Nothing would soften his ferocity, he scorned the offers of tribute, and at length boasted that he would extirpate the Northumbrian nation. His o\ni resources were great, but these were increased by the combined array of thirty vassal chieftans. Despair at last nerved the courage of Oswio, who, with his son Alchfrid, and a small but resolute force, advanced to meet the invaders. The valour or despair of the Northumbrians prevailed, Penda was killed, and of the thirty vassal chiefs who served under his banner, two only escaped. KINGS OF KORTHUMBRTA. 149 On tlie death of Oswio, Egfrid his son ascended the throne. The Picts, despising the youth of the new monarch, assembled under their prince Bern- herth, and asserted their independence. But Egfrid, with a vigour which surprised and dismayed them, took the command of a body of horse, entered their territory, defeated tbem in a sanguinary battle, and compelled them to submit again to the superior power of the Northumbrians. Egfrid, animated with a spirit of ambition, then turned his arms against the Mercians, and the hostile armies met on the banks of the Trent, where a battle was fought, and ^hwin, the brother of the Northumbrian monarch, was slain. In 685, Egfrid led an army into the territory of the Picts, who retired before a superior enemy till their pursuers had entangled themselves in the defiles of the mountains, when they fell upon the Northumbrians, few of wdiom escaped from the slaughter, the king himself being found amongst the slain. Egfrid having left no issue, the thanes offered the crown to Aldfrid, the illegitimate son of Oswio, under whose mild and judicious sway, the Northumbrians enjoyed peace, happiness, and prosperit}^ At the death of Aldfrid, in 705, his son Osred was seven years old. The ealdorman Eadulf usurped the Idngly dignity, and besieged the royal infant in Bambrough, but the people espoused the cause of Osred, and the usurper, after a reign of two months, paid the forfeit of his treason. Berctfrid assumed the guardianship of the young monarch, and repelled several incursions of the Picts, but Osred soon emancipated himself from the restraint of his tutor, and was slain in his nineteenth year, on the banks of Winandermere, in an attempt to suppress a dangerous msurrection headed by his Idnsmen, the two brothers Ca3nred and Osric. Csenred possessed the throne two years, Osric eleven, at Avhose demise it descended to Ceolwulf, the brother of his predecessor The learning and piety of this latter monarch are attested by Bede, but it appears that he possessed neither the vigour nor authority requisite for his ex- alted position, for in the second year of his reign, he was seized, shorn, and shut up in a monastery. He afterwards escaped from this confinement, re- ascended the throne, but sighing for the tranquillity which he had reluctantly enjoyed in the cloister, he voluntarily resigned his crown, after a reign of eight years, and made his profession as a monk in the monastery of Lindis- farne. Edbert, his cousin, succeeded him, and during his reign of one-and- twenty years, revived for a while the ancient glory of the Northumbrian nation. In his old age he followed the example of his predecessor, and retired from the cares and troubles of royalty, receiving the tonsure amongst the clergy of the church of York. He was succeeded by his son Oswulf, who was slain, soon after his accession, by his thanes, and Edinwold, a noble Northumbrian ascended the vacant throne. Scarcely had he obtained the sceptre, when formidable opponents arose in the persons of the descendants of Ida, who claimed it as the right of their family, and considered Edinwold as a usurper. His principal opponent, Oswin, being slain in battle, near Melrose, his possession of the crown seemed secure, but after a troublesome reign of six years, he resigned in favour of Alchred, a prince of the race of Ida, who was soon afterwards abandoned by those who raised him to the regal dignity, and was obliged to fly to the court of Kennet, King of the Picts, 150 HISTOEY OF NORTHUMBERLAND. for protection from Ms rebellious subjects. He was succeeded by Etlielred, the son of Edinwold, who, in his tum, had also to fly, and leave the soeptre to x\lfwold, the son of Oswulf. AlffS'old's reign was as tumultuous as those of his predecessor's. His principal officers were slain by his rebeUious thanes, and he himself was killed by the ealdorman Sigan, and Osred, the son of Alchred, attempted to seize the crown, but the thanes recalled the exiled Etheked, who returned \\'ith the resolution of having revenge for his fonner expulsion. By his orders Eardulf, one of his most powerful opponents, was slain at the door of Ripon Minster, whence his body was carried into the church, and during the funeral service was obseiwed to breathe, proper remedies were immediately apphed, and the future Kmg of Xorthumbria was carefully concealed in the monasteiy. Ethebed subsequently fell by the swords of his subjects, and the sceptre was next grasped by Osbald, who, after a short reign of twenty-seven days, retired to the cloister, and Eardulf, whose life had been preserved by the monks of Pdpon, ascended the vacant throne. This monarch, after a few years, was driven into exile, — he went to Rome, and, it would seem, was restored to his Idngdom by the mfluence of Charlemagne, who pronounced the Northumbrians perfidious and perverse, the murderers of their sovereigns, and worse than pagans. It can scarcely be necessary to pursue farther the history of these princes. Eor a long period Xorthumbria had exhibited successive instances of treachery and mm'der, which justified the opinion expressed by Charlemagne, and to which no other country perhaps could furnish a parallel. Within the lapse of one hundred yeai's, fourteen kiugs had assumed the regal dignity, and yet of this number one only, if one, died in the peaceable possession of his crown. Seven had been slain, and six had been driven from the throne by their rebellious subjects. After Eardulf, no one durst assume the sovereign power, anarchy and perfidy prevailed, till the Danes totally extinguished the Xor- thumbrian dynasty, by the slaughter of ^lla and Osbriht in the year 867. This county was afterwards governed as a separate kingdom, eras an earldom, till the Conquest, from which period till the accession of James YI. of Scot- land to the throne of Eugland, it was the scene of many conflicts, &c., which will be found fully noticed in the histories and descriptions of the vaiious localities, in which they have occurred. LIEUTENANIB, MAGISTRATES, ETC. 151 THE LIEUTENANCY, MAGISTRACY, AND MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT OF NORTHUMBERLAND. Lord Lieutenant and Cqstos Eotulorum. — The Eight Hod. Earl Grey, Howick. High Sheritf. — Samuel Edward "Widdrington, Es^, Newton Hall, Felton. MEMBEKS OF PAELIAMENT. County Members. — Northern Division. — Lord Lovaine and Lord Ossulston. „ „ Southern Division. — Henry George Liddell, Esq., and W. B. Beaumont, Esq. Borough Members. — Newcastle-upon-Tyne. — J. F. Blackett, Esq., and T. E. Headlam, Esq. „ „ Morpeth. — Eight Hon. Sir G. Grey, Bart. ^ „ Tynemouth. — William Shaw Lindsay, Esq. „ „ Berwick-upon-Tweed. — D. C. Majoribanks, Esq. and John Forster, Esq. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Marked thus * are Deputy Lieutenants. His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Alnwick Castle. Eight Hon. Earl Grey, Howick. Eight Hon. the Earl of Tankerville, Chil- lingham Castle. *Eight Hon. Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, Etal. Peter Annandale, Esq., Shotley Grove. *James H. H. Atkinson, Esq., Angerton. Adam Atkinson, Esq., Lorbottle, Whitting- ham. *Thomas Anderson, Esq., Little Harle Tower. Thomas Barker, Esq., North Shields. Eev. Joseph Barnes, Berwick. *W. B. Beaumont, Esq., M.P. Bywell. Eev. Thomas Bewsher, Knaresdale, Alston. John ChalfontBlackden, Esq., Ford Castle, Wooler. *Sir Edward Blackett, Bai-t., Matfen. ♦George T. L. Blenkinsopp, Esq., Hum- bleton. Eev. Eobt. W. Bosanquet, Eock. Charles John Brandling, Esq., Newcastle. Benjamin Bullock, Esq., St. Leonard's Hill, Morpeth. ♦William W. Burdon, Esq., Hartford House and Newcastle. *George Burdon, Esq., Heddon House. ♦William H. Cadogan, Esq., Brinkburn Priory. ♦Ealph Carr, Esq., Hedgeley, Alnwick. ♦William H. Charlton, Esq., Hesleyside. ♦Edward J. Clavering, Esq., Callaley Castle. ♦Eev. J. D. Clark, Belford Hall. John Clutterbuck, Esq., Warkworth. ♦Edward CoUingwood, Esq., Dissington. ♦Frederick J. W. CoUingwood, Esq., Glan- ton Pike. John Coppin, Esq., North Shields. ♦John B. Coulson, Esq., Blenkinsopp Castle. ♦John B. Coulson, jun. Esq., Swinburne Caslle, Hexham. Go H. Coulson, Esq., Newbrough. ♦Addison John Baker Cresswell, Esq., Cress- well House. ♦0. A. Baker Cresswell, Esq., Harehope, Whittingham. William Cuthbert, Esq., Beaufrout. Edward Dale, Esq., Whitburn, Sunderland. Eev. William Darnell, Bambrough. ♦Dixon Dixon, Esq., Unthank Hall, and Newcastle. ♦Eowland Errington, Esq., Sandhoe. ♦John Errington, Esq., High Warden. Andrew E. Fenwick, Esq., Netherton. Joseph H. Fryer, Esq., Whitley. ♦S. F. Gillum, Esq., Middleton Hall, Bel^ ford. Eev. Percy Gilpin, Elsdon. Eev. E. W. Goodenough, Whittingham. *Heury Gregson, Esq., Lowlyn, Berwick. 132 HISTOBT OF XOKTHUMBEELAND. ♦Eight Hon. Sir George Grey, Bart., M.P. ralloden, Alnwick. John Grey, Esq., Dilston. Hon. F. W. Grey, Howick Grange. Sir John Grev, K.C.B., Morwick. *G. A. Grey, Esq. MiUfield Hill, Wooler. Eev. C. G. Yernon Harcourt, Whitton Tower. *J. Hodgson Hinde, Esq., Acton House. Eichard Hodgson, Esq., Carham Hall. Thomas Hodgson, Esq., Morris Hall. George H. Hughes, Esq., Middleton Hall, Wooler. Sanderson Ilderton, Esq., Ilderton. *Thomas James, Esq., Otterburn Tower. James Kirsop, Esq., Spital, Hexham. Eev. Thomas Knight, Ford, Wooler. W^. J. Lawson, Esq., Longhirst. *William Lawson, Esq., Longhirst. Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., Eshngton House. * William Linskill, Esq., Tynemouth Lodge. Michael Longridge, Esq., Bedlington. *Lord Lovaine, M.P. Eev. John Marshall, Bellingham. *Sir Charles M. L. Monck, Bart., Belsay Castle. *Charles A. Monck, Esq., Wylam Oak- wood. Hugh Moises, Esq., Alnwick. George Kerr iSTicholson, Esq., Berwick. Eev. Edward C. Ogle, Kirkley and Bed- hngton. *Eobert Ogle, Esq., Eglingham. ♦Charles W. Orde, Esq., Nunnykirk. Eev. Leonard S. Orde, Shorstone. ♦LordOssulston, M.P., Chillingham Castle. John Potts, Esq., Benton Park, Newcastle. ♦Sir M. W. Eidley, Bart., Blagdon. ♦Edward Eiddell, Esq., Cheeshurn Grange, ♦Thomas Eiddell, Esq., Felton Park. Sir W. B. Eiddell, Bart., Hepple, Eothbury. George Eippon, Esq., Waterville, North Shields. Eev. Christopher Eobinson, Kirknewton. Charles Selbv, Esq., Earle, Wooler. ♦P. J. Selby,'Esq., Twizell House. ♦Prideaux Selby, Esq., Swanslield. ♦Waker Selby, Esq., Biddleston. George Selby, Esq., Belle Yue, Alnwick. " ♦J. S. D. Selby, Esq., Cheswick. M. J. F. Sidney, Esq., Cowpen Hall. Frank Sitwell, Esq., Barmoor Castle. Y^illiam L. Smart, Esq., Trewhitt House. John Straker, Esq., North Shields. Joseph Straker, Esq., North Shields. Aubone Surtees, Esq., Pidgon and New- castle. Eobert S, Surtees, Esq., Hamsterley Hall. ♦Sir John E. Swinburne, Bart., Capheaton. ♦Sir Walter C. Trevelyan, Bart., Walhng- ton. Yen. Archdeacon Thorpe, D.D., Eyton. Hon, J. Hope Wallace, Featherstone Castle. ♦Samuel E. Widdington, Esq., Ne'wton Hall, Felton. DEPUTY LIEUTENANTS, In addition to those mar Eobert L. AUgood, Esq., Nunwick. John Aynsley Murray, Esq. Matthew Bell, Esq., Woolsington. William M. Bigge, JEsq., Linden. Bryan BuiTell, Esq., Broom Park. E. J. CoUingwood, Esq , Lilburn Tower. John Cookson, Esq., IMeldon Park. Thomas Y'"ood Craster, Esq., Craster. Eobert De Lisle, Esq. William Gray, Esq., East Boldon. ked ♦ in the preceding list. Charles Bacon Grey, Esq., Styford. Hon. H. C. Grey, Homck. E, W. Grey, Esq., Chipchase Castle. SirE. Haggerstone, Bart.,Ellingham. Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., Eslington. Yv^illiam Ord, Esq., Whitfield. Lord Eavensworth, Eavensworth Castle. Henry Silvertop, Esq., ]Minster Acres. Sir Horace St. Paul, Bart., EwartPai'k. C. M. St. Paul Esq., Ewart. HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION 01? NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. This ancient and interesting town — the last great centre of enterprise towards the northern margin of England, the last place in which industry, population, shipping, commerce, and wealth, present themselves on that scale of magnitude, which gives rank and importance to a town — is situated on the left bank of the Tyne opposite to Gateshead, 15 miles N.W. of. Durham, 56 miles E. of Carlisle, 76 miles N.W. by W. of York, 117 miles S.E. of Edinburgh, and 273 miles N.W. of London. If population be the criterion of prosperity, Newcastle can boast of its full share, for it has more than doubled the number of its inhabitants since the commencement of the present century. Its popu- lation in 1801 was 33,048; in 1811,32,537; in 1821, 4J,794 ; in 1831, 53,613; in 1841, 70,337; and in 1851, it had increased to 87,748 souls. At the latter period it contained 10,441 inhabited houses, 311 uninhabited, and 163 in process of erection. The situation of Newcastle possesses many remarkable features. The busy Tyne separates it from Gateshead, which bears a similar relation to Newcastle as Southwark does to London, or Salford to Manchester. The town occupies the steep slopes which, rising from the banks of the river, stretch away into suburbs that have little need of distance to lend them charms. The lower portion of Newcastle, next to the river, has crept along, east and west, year after year, until it now extends almost three miles in length, while on the edge of the dmgy stream are closely crowded warehouses and workshops, with thronged approaches to the ships and barges that make another town upon the river. But, conspicuous above the sombre dwellings, and distinguished from the reeking stores and smithies, are civic halls and churches, claiming reverence for antiquity even in the presence of hugest modern marvels. There is, perhaps, no town in England whose present state and appearance are more in contrast with its earlier condition and character, than Newcastle. It owes its origin to war, its establishment to the spirit of religion, and its increase to the spirit of commerce. It has been the resting place of many an army, and, in later days, of many a traveller, on the line of route to and from k2 154 HlSTOBT OF KEWCASTLE-tPON-TYKE. Scotland. It marks the eastern extremity of a wall whicli shielded the Roman legions from the harbarians of the north, and it speckles the shores of the Tyne, and gives to that river the appearance of one continuous harbour. It is the outlet whence vast cargoes of manufactured produce find their way to the south of England and to foreign climes ; it is the very centre of the coal district, and the birth-place of railways and locomotives. Its old castle and churches indicate its connexion with antiquity, w4iile its ranges of houses and shops, such as no other town in England can excel, and few can equal, prove the spirit of modern activity which animates its people. It has, within and around it, a population singularly varied, by the impress which particular em- ployments give to those engaged therein. The Tyne, too, works unceasingly, bearing upon its bosom to the ocean, vessels of eveiy size and shape, laden with the treasures — rough, and coarse, and dirty, but yet treasures, — which the town and its neigbourhood produce. Newcastle may be divided into three divisions, the " Old" the "Upper" and the "Central" towns, tln'ough which we now invite the reader to proceed. We will commence with :-=- THE OLD TOWN.— THE QUAYS, CHARES, AND STAIRS* Among the odd tmstings and contortions of Newcastle, one of the oddest is the absence of any main hue of thoroughfare, in continuation of the bridge which connects Gateshead and Newcastle. The stranger sees before him a steej), absolutely insurmountable by streets or vehicles of any kind. This w^as the portion first built upon, and it subsequently became a dense mass of courts and alleys, — " A vast hanging field," as it has been described by one topographer, " of sombre and cheerless houses, huddled mobbishly into a confused and pent up mass, packed and squeezed by mutual pressure into panic retreat from the approach of w^heeled carriages." In the absence of streets the only manner in which the upper part of the town can be reached, is by means of interminable flights of steps, w^iich seem to chmb the face of the hiU. One of these flights, in the neighbourhood of the bridge, is a veri- table Monmouth-street — boots, shoes, boots, meet us at every yard, the wonder is where can all these boots and shoes come from ? Little houses or shops, or stalls, or, we know not what to call them, line the sides of the stair- case, and how the occupants of these tenements manage to emerge from their dweUings without tumbHng dowm stairs, is to us a complete puzzle. In order, therefore, to surmount this ascent, a detour to the east is necessary. Passing on a little in this du^ection we arrive at an irregular open space of ground called the SandhiU, wdiere the Exchange is situated. In the centre of this area there formerly stood an equestrian statue of James II., which, falling a victim to popular fuiy, w^as metamorphosed into beUs for the Churches of St. Andrew^ and All Saints. The Exchange was erected about tw^o centuries ago, its architect, Robert TroUope, lies buried in Gates- head churchyard under this epitaph :— THE OLB TOWN. 155 " Here lies Kobert TroUope, Who made yon stones roll up; When death took his soul up, His body filled this hole up." The lioiises iu this neiglibourlioocl are many of tliem highly picturesque, ha^dug sui-^ived the many changes which have run through their course of fashion since the days of the half-timbered and carved-gabled houses. Turn- ing out of the Sandhill, at its northern extremity, we come to the Side, a street nmning in a north-westerly direction. The house architecture here is remarkable, and the street is so steep that its ascent is rather a serious affair both to man and horse. On reaching the head of the Side we soon emerge into the open space which contains St. Nicholas's Church. On our way we pass Dean-street, which branches out on our right towands the north. Where this street now" nms, there was formerly a dean, or glen, through which a brook, crossed by a Roman bridge, once flow^ed. But it is in going along the riyer's bank to the east that we become immersed among the oldest, densest, and dirtiest parts of the town. Ships and coals, coals and ships, leave their commercial impress on the houses of the Quay-side. The long roadway upon vfhich we walk, from the bridge almost to the eastern extremity of Newcastle, presents us ^ith the river and its shipping on our right hand, and the Custom House, warehouses, and offices on our left. We may look in vain for any good streets to lead us up from this quay to the higher part of the town, but we will find a great number of steep alleys called chares, by means of which we can arrive at Butcher Bank, and Dog Bank, in the former of which Akenside, the author of the " Pleasures of Imagination " resided. Passing beyond the Quay-side, we come to another densely-built parallelogram of chares and houses, having for its boundaries the New Road to Shields, and the New Quay. Parallel, and between these two, is Sandgate, a narrow lane, surrounded by still narrower courts. This Sandgate was one of the oldest entrances into Newcastle from the east. The Keelmen's Hospital is situated in the New Road, and is supported by the body whose name it bears. In the same hne of road we have the Royal Jubilee School, St. Ann's Chapel, and one or two other places of w^orship, and a continuation of this route w^ould bring us to the multitude of coUieries and manufactories which he between Newcastle and North Shields. Thus far, then, for the *' along-shore" quays, and streets, and chares, and stairs. Let us now visit THE UPPER TOWN,— NORTH, EAST, AND WEST. ^ Previous to the construction of Grey-street, Pilgrim-street was the main highway through the town. Its name is said to be derived from the number of pilgrims who, in ancient times, passed along it on their way to the shrine at Jesus' Mount, now Jesmond, in the north-east vicinity of the town. Our northern margin brings us up to the open country, where Jesmond, with its beautiful cemetery, the extensive Town Moor, the Castle Leazes, the Nun's Moor, the Westgate Cemetery, and the numerous streets of well-built private 158 MlSTOEY OF NEWCASTLE^UPOX-TYXE. houses, and the cliurclies aud cliapels all erected within the last few years, all tend to show that it is in this direction we must principally look for the private residences of the principal inhabitants of Newcastle. To the west and south-west of the centre of the town, we find more build- ings connected with the early histoiy of Newcastle than in any other quarter. As in the eastern division, we ynR begin at the river, and ascend to the higher parts of the tovra. First then for the Close which runs from Sandhill to the Forth Bank. It is a narrow street crowded with all kinds of manu- factories, warehouses, and wharfs. Yet this street was formerly the dwelhng place of the leading inhabitants of the town, among whom were the Earl of Northumberland and Sir William Blackett. One of the large buildings on the south side, now occupied as a warehouse, was for many generations the Mansion House, in which civic festivities ran their career of glory. Immedi- ately north of the Close, and forming the most conspicuous objects from the two bridges, are the Castle and the County Courts, crowning the summit of the ascent. The two buildings are very near each other, and the open sjoace of ground between and around them is called the Castle G-arth. The County Court comprises the Moot Hall for Northumberland, where the assizes are held. It is a fine commodious building erected about forty years ago, on the site of a Roman station. Not far from the castle is St. Nicholas' Church, by far the most remarkable in Newcastle. If there were nothing else about it to attract attention, its dehcately supported spire, would be an object of interest, but in addition to this it has the claims of antiquit}^ in its favour. This church lies at the southern extremity of a wide hue of street, which probably formed, at one period, the main thoroughfare of the to^^Ti, and the names of Groat Market, Cloth Market, and Bigg Market, apphed to different portions of its length, seem to indicate that the markets of Newcastle were once held here. To the west of the castle Kes an irregular mass of streets, occupied partly by factories, and partly hj poor dwellings. Nothing picturesque need be looked for, until we pass the Forth Field and Forth Bank, which, in the middle of the last century, were the principal promenades of Newcastle. But brick and stone, population and industry, have b}' httle and httle, crept up and over the Forth, until scarcely a vestige of it now remains. One portion has been converted into a Cattle Market, the Infirmary is situated upon another, while a thu'd portion has been swallowed up by the Central Railway Station. THE CENTRAL TOWN.— MR. GRAINOER'S STRUCTURES. *' Newcastle, "says a writer in " The Land We Live in" " owes no small share of the beauty which marks some of its streets, to one single individual, possessing a bold original mind, which could think, and plan for itself, and conquer, one by one, the difficulties which would have crushed a less vigorous man. If we were to regard this as a matter simply of pounds, shillings, THE CENTILIL TOWN. 157 and pence, we would have to place it on a lower level than many a building enterprise : it is not every one that, in enriching his native toAvn, can also enrich himself, — the town retains the adornment for ages, whether the author of it dies a rich or a poor man. Let us see what has been done by Mr. Grainger, and how it has been done, at Newcastle. It is necessary to know what the towa was at the early part of the present century, before we can foiTU an estimate of the amount of boldness, courage, and perseverance necessary to work out the subsequent changes. In bygone ages the Francis- can convent and the nunnery, were surrounded by twelve acres of ground, in the heart of the towTi — but these w^ere, in later days, replaced by an old mansion, the temporary prison of Charles I., with its gardens and plantations. Down to Grainger's time this garden and plantation remained, — unproduc- tive, on account of the smoke which for so many ages has enveloped the tov^Ti, and useless to the town in many other ways. He watched the ill- ordered empty space with a longing eye, he thought of the excellent building- stone in the quarries near at hand, he built up in his mind imaginary terraces, and squares, and sumptuous streets, and resolved to bide his time. " Mr. Grainger entered upon various works, as a builder, for other parties, and in the course of a few years built many portions of new streets, such as CarHol, Blackett, and New Bridge streets. Then came the rather ambitious project of Eldon Square, with its handsome rows of stone fronted houses, Every enterprise successfully brought to completion, acted as a stepping-stone to something higher. Grainger had advanced greatly and rapidly, and he next conceived the plan of building about a hundred and thirty stone-fronted houses, of a more ornamental character than any yet seen in the town, in the northern part of Newcastle, near the Town Moor : the plan was fully carried out, and the town has unquestionably gained a great ornament by it. His next enterprise was the erection of a building which, under the name of the Arcade, and opening into Pilgrim-street, presents to view a fine stone front, extending nearly a hundred feet in length, and an interior extending two hundred feet in depth. The whole building affords offices for two Banking- houses, Post-office, Stamp-office, Excise and Permit-office, and other establish- ments. "Up to this date, say about the year 1832, Mr. Grainger's operations within the town had given new buildings to the value of £200,000, nearly all of them stone-fronted, and far above the standard of street-architecture in other towns. But his great work, the development of his vast schemes, was yet to come. The twelve acres of unemployed, or ill-employed, vacant ground in the heart of the town, on which his thoughts had been centred for many a year, at length came into possession of Mr. Grainger, at a purchase price of £50,000, and about the same time he appropriated another sum, of nearly equal amount, to the purchase of some old property in the immediate vicinitv. What was to come out of this, nobody knew but himself, the plans were wholly developed in his own mind before his fellow-townsmen knew aught concerning them. Something notable was expected, but this something was vague and conjectural. The first feature was the construction of a fine central lo8 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE -UPOX-TYXE. street ia continuation of Dean-street. No ram's born, however proverbially crooked, can be more tortuous than the entrance into Newcastle from the old bridge, and it was to lessen this crookedness, on approaching the heart of the town, that the new street was planned. A butcher-market and a theatre stood in the way of the improvement, but the improver was not to be deterred by such obstacles. The Corporation gave up the old market, and agreed on the plan for a new one, and on the price to be paid for effecting the change.' Works were commenced immediately, and in October, 1835, was opened the finest market in the kingdom, nay, it is even said to be the finest in Europe. The theatre was the next point — a few difficulties arose in this matter, for the theatre was a neat and convenient one, but Mr. Grainger cut the matter short by offering to build a new and handsomer one, and to present a good round sum of money into the bargain, this was accepted, and the theatre was built. In all these matters, and others of a similar kind, Mr. Grainger's promptness became conspicuous, and the townsmen began to look for some- thing bold and decisive whenever he took a matter in hand. When the whole of the property for the new central street was purchased, then arose Grainger's greatest mechanical difficulties — the levelling of the ground. Such was the alternation of hill and hollow, that the formation of a fine and regular street in the planned direction struck many with amazement and many more with doubt. In some parts the ground had to be excavated to a depth of '27 feet, to form the basement of houses — in other parts valleys had to be filled to a height of 3S feet, and houses to be built thereupon, in order to form a street of uniform level. There were instances in which more masonry was buried under-ground than appeared in the whole elevation of the house above. The lowering of hillocks and ridges was so much more considerable than the filling up of hollovrs and trenches, that nearly five million cubic feet of earth were carried away from time to time, during the progress of the various improvements, after filling up the valleys, making mortar with some of the sand, and making bricks with some of the clay. " This arduous but most necessary operation of levellmg being completed, there arose, one by one, those splendid streets, which have no parallel in England. Instances may be met vath, in some of our larger towns, of isolated portions of street equal to these in beauty, but it may be doubted whether, as a group, these creations of Grainger's are equalled. Edinburgh could do more than either London or Liverpool in producing a parallel. The builder was, for the most part, his own architect, and as his new streets are mainly streets of shops, he was not bound down by precedent to such a degree as to cramp his invention. Grey-street, Grainger- street, Market- street, Clayton-street West, Nun-street, Nelson-street, Wood-street, and Shakspjere-street, rose in succession — all situated in the veiy heaii; of the towm, aU occupied by houses presenting fronts of dressed and pohshed stone, altogether presenting a length of a mile and a quarter of street, from fifty to eighty feet wide, and aU erected in about five years. It is not merely a list of new^ streets thus presented by the improvements, new pubhc buildings of a notable character have been reared as parts of the THE CEKTEAL TOWN, 159 general design. Tliiis, tliere are the neAv Market, the new Central Exchange, the new Theatre, the new Dispensary, the n"few Music Hall, the new Lecture Eoom, two new Chapels, the Incorporated Companies' Hall, two auction- marts, ten inns, and twelve puhlic-houses, — besides about forty private-houses, and the three or four hundred shops which form the leading idea of the design. It has been estimated that the total value of the buildings thus planned and constructed by one man, in five years, at a fair rental, is about a milhon sterling, and that about two thousand persons were regularly engaged on them for many years. Let us now, shortly, see what are the appearances which this new world of buildings present. First for the Market. This sumptuous building occupies an oblong parallelogram, bounded by Grainger, Clayton, Nelson, and Nun streets, and having twelve openings to these streets from its interior area. It hes in the very heart of Mr. Grainger's scene of improvements, and is worthy of them. The market is about three hundred and fort}" feet long by two hundred and fifty ^vide, covering an area of more than nine thousand square yards, or nearly two acres. Neither London, Birkenhead, Birmingham, nor Liverpool, can present such an area of covered market as this. The area is divided into a number of avenues, or bazaars, appropriated as meat, vegetable, poultry, and butter markets. The Meat Market consists of four long avenues, crossed by four shorter ones, mostly with arched ceilings, and well ventilated. The Vegetable Market is one noble apartment, larger than Westminster Hall, having a carved oaken roof, supported by two rows of iron pillars, and a lantern-hght running along the centre. The length is 318 feet, the width 57, and the height 40 — and the whole appearance is so far be3^ond the general characteristics of such buildings, that a local guide-book claims for ifc the designation of " a gorgeous hall, of vast extent, rather resembling the nave of some mighty cathedral than a market for the sale of the fruits of the earth." Without soaring to so lofty a height as this, we can well imagine how Newcastle may well be proud of such a market — and of the mind that planned it. " But Grey-street is the great work. This street is, by the crossing of other smaller streets, divided into sections, each of which is made to comprise a distinct architectural design, worthy of study, independent of the rest. All, however, agree in this — that the front and entire decorations of the houses are of solid stone ; that the stone is of a warm, rich colour — that the ranges excel those of Edinburgh, in being more ornate — and that they excel those of Regent-street, in London, as truly as good stone excels shabby stucco. Taking the west side of Grey-street, we find it divided into three compart- ments by the crossing of High Bridge and Market streets. The south com- partment comprises a Corinthian design in the centre, with two wiugs, derived, in many of its details, from the interior of tlie Pantheon, at Borne. The entablature of the centre front rests on eleven lofty Corinthian columns, and the whole is surmounted by a double range of balustrades. This central portion is occupied by the offices of two banking companies. The next group, or compartment, about half the length of the southern, presents an Ionic design, after the temple on the Ilyssus at Athens — the middle portion is 160. HISTOKY OF NEWCASTLE-UPOK-TYNE. occupied by a large inn. The northern compartment, the shortest of the three, comprises one side of a trianglo of houses, the area of which triangle is occupied by the Central Exchange. This spot is perhaps the most central and the most magnificent in the whole gi'oup of new buildings. The Exchange is a rich and beautiful semicircular building, imbedded in a triangle of noble houses, whose fronts are in Grey-street, Grainger-street, and Market-street. Seven entrances lead from these streets to the Exchange. It is a semicircle, about a hundred and fifty feet long by a hundred in width, wholly lighted from above, as the building is encased in a triangle of houses. The roof is Bupported by fourteen Ionic columns, twelve of which form a semicircle, and within the columned area of this semicircle is the News-room — on the out- side of the semicircle are the corridors, entrances, and staircases leading to the Coffee-room and other apartments. Above the entablature, round the top of the semicircle, spring a series of curved ribs, one over each column, and these ribs form the skeleton for a magnificent glass dome, through which descends ample light into the area of the room. In an upper part of the building are apartments for the School of Design. The triangle of houses, within which the Exchange is thus singularly placed, are of uniform design — the front presented towards the three streets are each an adaptation of the design of the Corinthian Temple of Vesta, at Tivoli — and the three points of the triangle are each finished by a dome springing from a nearly circular range of Corinthian columns. Next taking a glance at the east side of Grey-street, we find the entire length distributed into five architectural compartments, separated by the crossing of other streets. The first or southern compartment, from Mosley- street to Shakspere-street, has in the centre a colonnade of lofty Corinthian columns, with wings having pilasters and balustrades. The second compart- ment, from Shakspere-street to Market-street, is almost wholly occupied by the front of the new theatre. This theatre is one of the largest and most beautiful out of London ; as the portico projects completely over the foot pavement, and is formed wholly of highly enriched stone-work, it constitutes one of the greatest ornaments of Grey-street. Continuing our route up this street, we come to the third architectural compartment, lying between Mar- ket-street and Hood-street. Here, according to Mr. Grainger's original plan, would have been a splendid range of buildings, occupied by the Town and County Courts, Council Chamber, Town Clerk's, and other corporate offices and chambers, and a residence for the mayor; but difficulties interfered with the canying out of the plan, and Mr. Grainger has made a portion of liis architectural design available for other purposes. The centre of this com- partment, as now completed, is occupied by a banking company ; it presents a highly enriched facade in the upper storeys, supported by more sober Doric pilasters beneath. The fourth compartment, occupying the space between Hood-street and High Friar Lane, is of the Ionic order, with recessed columns in the centre, and pilastered wings. The fifth and last compartment, ending at Blackett-street, is more simple than all the others. Such then is Grey- street ; and this detailed view of its architectural features will serve as a EARLY HISTOEY. 161 general representative of all Mr. Grainger's beautiful streets. A somewhat less ornate version of this magnificent street will serve to describe each of the others. At the point where three of them meet, at the top of Grey-street, is Bailey's statue of Earl Grey, on a lofty column. Mr. Grainger is still active, and still builds houses as fast as they are desired. He has purchased the great Elswick estate, for wdiich he has paid £200,000. It contains a plentiful spring of water, which will supply the whole town. He has a plan comprehendiug the junction of several railroads, the formation of extensive quays, the erection of ranges of manufactories, and on the high ground behind, of Yillas and terraces. So there is some reason for the following lines : — • "Where canny Newcastle will gan to at last, Is far aj'ont maw understanding; But if it gan on as it 's duiug for jeaxs past, It '11 suin about Hexham be Ian din. " For toon within toon, and street after street, Grainger pops up — without iver heedin' How they 're to be fill'd, unless some new leet Shows us how to be filled without feedin." Such was, and such is, the town of Newcastle. Let us now take a brief review of its history, and of the transactions which have taken place within and around its walls. In doing so, brevity must, of course, be observed, our limits precluding us from giving more than an outline of some of the prin- cipal events wdiich have here transpired. EARLY HISTORY. It is now agreed by antiquarians, that Nevv'castle occupies the site of the Roman station Pons ^lii, but of its history during the tim.e this country was under the imperial dominion, nothing is known with any degree of certainty. Subsequent to the withdrawal of the Homan legions, and during the Saxon period, the town was known by the name of Monkchester, which originated in the number of religious establishments that were situated in the town and neighbourhood. Previous to the Danish invasions, religious institutions of various kinds flourished here, but, from the tnne of Alfred to the Conquest, the Northmen carried fire and sword whithersoever they went, and at the com- Dieu cement of the Norman period, religious establishments of every kind had almost totally disappeared from Northumbria. The Conqueror had scarcely established himself in his newly acquired dominions, before Monkchester experienced his severity. Malcolm, King of Scotland, and Edgar the Etheling, having invaded England, were met and totally defeated by William on Gateshead Fell, and in order that they might not find an asylum in the town, he caused Monkchester to be almost entirely L 16S HISTORY OF KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. demolislied. It was not long before Malcolm was again in arms and renew- ing his ravages in Northumberland. The Conqueror sent Eobert, his eldest son, to chastise the perfidy of the Scot, but the two princes did not meet, and the only result of the expedition was the erection of a fortress at Monkchester, which henceforth bore the name of Newcastle. As this stronghold protected the passage of the Tyne at this point, it has always been a place of great importance, and on the completion of the castle and fortifications the town rapidly increased in size and population, receiving many immunities from William and his successors. So early as the reign of Rufus, it was completely enclosed with a wall and fosse, and endowed with all the privileges of a free borough. As the castle was erected by one son of the Conqueror, it is a singular circumstance, that another son was the first to employ force against it. In 1095, it was seized by the adherents of Robert Mowbray, Earl of Northum- berland, and did not surrender to Rufus until after a short siege, when several of the Earls followers fell into the hands of the monarch. The Earl being driven from Tynemoutli by the King, took refuge in his castle of Bambrough, from whose walls lie continued to defy the arms of his sovereign. An insidi- ous offer to betray Newcastle into his hands induced him to quit Bambrough, in the dead of the night with no more than thirty horsemen. In advancing towards the town he was discovered and pursued to Tynemouth, where he was captured in the Church of St. Oswin. Bambrough afterwards surrendered, and the Earl was removed to Windsor Castle, where he died after thirty years' imprisonment. Nothing of any importance transpired in Newcastle till the reign of Stephen, when we find it occupied by David, the Scottish King, who had hurried across the borders, reduced Carlisle, Norham, Alnwick, and Newcastle, and, made war upon Stephen in support of the Empress Matilda, his niece, by whose ■ desire a treaty of peace was concluded in 1139. By the terms of this treaty ■ it was agreed that the town should remain in the hands of the Scots, v,-ho held it for sixteen years, after which period it was restored to the English crown. William the Lion, King of Scotland, having joined the league against Henry II., burst into England in 1174, bringing ruin and desolation wherever he appeared, but while tilting in careless security in the neighbourhood of Alnwick, he was surprised and made prisoner, with many of his principal barons. He was afterwards ransomed, and on his return to Scotland, a serious conflict took place on Tyne Bridge between the inhabitants of New- castle and the royal attendants. Enraged at seeing their old enemy once more at liberty, the people attacked the royal cortege, and William was obliged to cut his way through the exasperated masses by which he was sur- rounded. Sir John Perth and others of the royal escort were slain in the affray. Newcastle was several times visited by King John, who seems to have had a great predilection for the old town. He repaired and strengthened the fortifications of the castle, and instituted a Society of Free JMerchants, the members of which were exempted by him from pleading anywhere beyond the EAVAGES OF THE PLAGUE. 163 walls of the town, to any plea save that of foreign tenures — he also released them from the duties of toll, lastage, pontage, and passage, in all the sea-ports of his dominions both at home and abroad, empowering the Mayor of New- castle, or Sheriff of Northumberland, to give them reparation for any injury they might sustain. The succeeding sovereigns, Henry III., Edward II., and Edward III., confirmed this charter and added to it new privileges. In 1235, Henry III. granted a special charter to the men of this town, by which all Jews were prohibited from residing in it, and in 1238, he gave the townsmen the lands called "the Forth and the Castle Field," with permission to dig coals there. About this period, Newcastle suffered severely from pestilence and famine, to which great numbers of the inhabitants fell victims. In consequence of a dispute about the possession of the northern counties, Alexander of Scotland, and Henry HI. of England, met in Newcastle, where a conference was held in 1236. The dispute not having been settled, the English army assembled here in 1244, but hostilities were prevented by the mediation of the Archbishop of York. Shortly afterwards the town suffered severely from fire, the greater portion of the buildings, and the bridge over the Tyne, being destroyed by the conflagration. We find Edward I. here in 1396, when, in consequence of the manner in which Englishmen had been treated at the Scottish court, Edwe.rd summoned Baliol to meet him at Newcastle, on the 1st of March, on which day the English King arrived, accompanied by an army of 30,000 foot and 4,000 horse. Having waited some time for Baliol's appearance, Edward advanced with his army to Bam- brough, where he also delayed and repeated his summons. The destruction of a Scottish detachment, in an attempt to surprise the Castle of Wark, was the signal for war. V/hile the town of Berwick was stormed by the English, Corbridge and Hexham were destroyed by the Scots. Edward, however, was not to be deterred from his plan, but pushing forward the war with vigour, in the short period of two months, captured all the principal strongholds in Scotland. This was followed by the submission of Baliol, who did homage to the King of England at Berwick. The following year, Wallace, the Scottish leader, entered Northumberland, ravaging and laying waste the countiy to the very walls of Newcastle, but when he came near the town, finding that the inhabitants had made all necessary preparations for its defence, he changed his route and shortly afterwards returned to Scotland. After the death of Wallace, the cause of Scottish independence was espoused by Bruce, who defeated the English in several encounters. Edward, being- determined to reduce the Scots to obedience, collected a large army at New- castle, and advanced into Scotland, where he was totally defeated at the Battle of Bannockburn. Subsequent to the events above narrated, the inhabitants of Newcastle suffered severe^ from famine and pestilence, and their misery was so great that they were compelled to eat horses and dogs. The old historians inform us that " for very hunger the thieves in the prisons devoured the new comers, nay, even that parents did eat their own children." These horrors were increased b}^ an invasion of the Scots, who were so numerous in Newcastle that, it is said, " they wist not where to lodge." 164 HISTORY OF KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. IiTLmedia^tely after tlie accession of Eclwarcl III., tlie dissatisfaction of some English barons, who had been deprived of their lands in Scotland, kindled a new war between the two countries. After various successes the Scots were completely overthro^vn at the battle of HalidonHill, and the Scottish monarch performed homage for his crown and kingdom, in the Dominican Church, at Newcastle, binding himself by oath to hold his kingdom of the King of England, for himself and successors for ever, transferring at the same time to the English monarch the five Scottish counties bordering upon England, to be annexed to that crown for ever. This state of things did not long con- tinue, for, the French king being defeated at Cress}'-, lost no time in urging David of Scotland to invade England. The Scottish monarch assembled thirty-three thousand horse, and, intending to create a diversion in favour of the King of France, entered England. Passing by Hexham, he vigorously, but vainly, attempted to take Newcastle by storm, and marching into Durham laid the whole county waste. Thinldng that the country was utterly defence- less, he talked of nothing less than marching to London, but the bishops and lay barons of the north had collected a small but resolute band, and went in quest of the invader. The skill of the English archers prevailed over iron panoply, the men at arms charged the Scottish host, and the infantry com.- pleted the rout. Fifteen thousand Scots lay dead, and David himself, with the flower of his nobility, remained in the hands of the conquerors. The broken shaft of Nevill's Cross still marks the scene of carnage. After the battle of Poictiers the Scots ransomed their king, and concluded a peace for five and twenty years. Henry IV., ha-\dng ascended the throne, upon the depo- sition and murder of the unfortunate Richard II., granted to Newcastle a charter, by which the to^vn and its suburbs were separated from the county of Northumberland and made into a count}^ of itself, under the title of the county of Newcastle. Among the great days of this ancient town was that on which, in 1503, the Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry VIL, passed through Newcastle, on her way to Scotland, where she was to become the bride of James IV. Leland, who gives a detailed description of the journey of the princess, tells us, that Margaret and her splendid retinue were m^et about three miles from Newcastle, by the Prior of Tynemouth and Sir Ralph Harbottle, the former attended by thirty, and the latter by forty, richly attired horsemen. Upon entering the bridge the procession was joined by the Earl of Northumberland and his retinue, the coUegiates, the carmelite friars, the mayor, the sheriff, and the aldermen, clad in their several modes. Then, as old Leland teUs us, " at the bryge end, upon the gatt, was many children, revested of surpeliz, synggyng mellodiously hympnes, and playing on instruments of many sortes." Within the town, all the houses of the burgesses were decorated, and the streets, house-tops, and rigging of the shipping, were filled with spectators, including "gentylmen and gentylwomen in so grett number that it was a playsur for to see," The annals of Newcastle in past ages are chiefly filled up with accounts of wranglings and fightings between the English and Scotch in times of enmity, processions and f eastings in times of peace, and terrible visitations of I ' Kixa CRAELES a PRISONEIt. ^ 165 the plague, 'wliicli seem to hare been more frequent liere than in almost any- other town in the kingdom. In 1603, King James spent four days here, on his way to London, to become crowned King of England. He was received at the gates of the to^ai by the mayor, aldermen, and councillors, who pre- sented the burghal keys and sword, together mth a purse of gold, to his majesty, who graciously returned the former, and as graciously, retained the latter. On the Sunday, the king attended divine service at the church, where the Bishop of Durham preached before him, and on the Monday he visited the whole of the town, releasing all prisoners, " except for treason, murther, and papistrie." The towuismen of Newcastle were so elated at the royal visit, that "they thankfully bare all the charges of the king's household during the time of his abode with them," and, if we are to believe history, James must have been anything but displeased to let his new subjects take this honour to themselves. On the occasion of a temporary visit to Scotland, fourteen years after, James again visited Newcastle, and again was he pre- sented with a purse of gold by the municipality. We find Newcastle much involved in the turmoils of the civil v/ar, and there seems to have been a strange mixture of loj^alty and republicanism afloat at that period in the town and neighbourhood, for Charles I., in 1646, ha^^ng fled from his enemies in the midland and southern counties, took refuge at Newcastle,- and placed himself under the protection of the Scottish army, by whom he was kept in a sort of honourable confinement. Bourne tells us, " that upon his majesty's entrance into Newcastle, he wa.s caressed with bonfires and ringing of bells, drums and trum-pets, and peals of ordn?.nce, but guarded by 300 of the Scottish horse, those near him bareheaded." V/e are also fui-ther informed, " that the king and his train had liberty every day to go and play goff, in the Shield-field, without the w^alls." The people, on one occasion, took a singular mode of showing their sympathy for him. "A httle while after the king's coming to Newcastle," says Whitelock, "a Scotch minister preached boldly before him, and, when his sermon was done, called for the fifty-second Psalm, which begins — ' Why dost tlaou, tyrant, boast thyself. Thy wicked works to praise ?' Whereupon liis Majesty stood up, and called for the fifty-sixth Psalm, \Yhicli bes;ins — ■ o ' Have mei'cy, Lord, on me, I pl'sy^ For men -would me devour!' The people waived the minister's Psalm, and sang that Vvhicli the king had called for." Charles, however, was imprudent enough to attempt an escape from New- castle under circumstances which presented very little prospect of success, and a consequence of bis failure was, that the remainder of his residence in that town was rendered more irksome. The troops, Bourne tells us, discomfitted the fallen monarch :-^" The king, having an antipathy against tobacco, was much 166 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-rPON-TYNE, disturbed hj their bold and continual smoking in his presence." At length, in the next following year, the Scots gave Charles up to the Euglish, and the unfortunate monarch was marched off to London. The historical pro- ceedings of Newcastle, after the termination of the civil war, settled down into mere annals, disturbed only in two instances — the rebellions of 1715 and 1745 — on both which occasions Newcastle appeared among the defenders of the Hanoverian line. In December, 1831, the cholera commenced its ravages in Newcastle and Gateshead, from which time, up to March, 1832, it had carried away 544 persons. The two towns were again visited by this dreadful scourge in 1849, and in 1853 they experienced a third visitation, when 1,920 persons became its victims. Since the above pages were written, a new and melancholy interest, a deep tragic interest, has been given to the sister towns of Newcastle and Gateshead, by events which have recently occurred. A little after midnight, on the morning of the 6th of October of the present year (1854), a fire broke out on the premises of a worsted factory, on the Gateshead side of the river. Like most buildings in which extensive machinery is planted upon wooden floors, this factory might be said to be steeped in oil, and it was therefore presently one body of fire. The flames spread to a contiguous building at the foot of Hillgate, in which great quantities of sulphur had been stored. It came out in torrents, like streams of lava, and, as it met the external air, began to burn, and its combustion illuminated the river and its shipping, the Tyne Bridge, the High Level Bridge, and the church steeples of Newcastle, spreading over every object its lurid and purple light. The neighbouring ware- houses were now enveloped in flames, and from their various floors huge masses of melted tallow and lead flowed in copious streams. Large numbers of persons were everywhere engaged in endeavouring to arrest the progress of the destruc- tive element, and as the flames reached the bonded warehouse their activity and anxiety were redoubled. A detachment of military, fifty strong, hastened down, with their barrack engine to assist those already at work, and other aid was telegraphed for. A slight concussion warned the gathering crowd that there was something more perilous than sulphur in the burning pile, but it was naturally supposed that with the shock the danger had ceased. A few minutes later, and the misinterpreted warning received a terrible fulfilment. The air was rent as with the voice of many thunders, and filled as if with the spume of a volcano. The rocky bases of Tyneside trembled, the High Level Bridge shook like a piece of thin wire, and the surface of the river was agitated as if by a violent storm. At towns twelve miles off, and even twenty miles at sea, the vibration was felt. Massive walls were crumpled into heaps, blocks of houses tumbled into ruin, windows shattered from their frames far and near, and a shower of burning timbers and crashing stones rained terror, death, and fresh destruction on every side. Of the fifty soldiers advancing with their engine, thirty were struck down — two of them dead, and one with an iron rail driven into his body. Firemen and helping citizens were crushed where they stood. Some, looking on in helpless CONFLAGRATION, ETC. 167 excitement, were in a moment striken beyond consciousness. Some perished under their own roofs, while others fell beneath the descending fragments. A battle field could not have yielded a more horrible tragedy. Limbs were torn away, bones fractured, lumps of w^ood forced into the human body, hot stones buried in the flesh, burning sulphur wrapped round unconscious victims, and every conceivable injury inflicted upon man, woman, and child. It a curious fact that, in a great many instances, those who were on Newcastle Quay, witnessing the fire at the time of the explosion, did not hear the tremendous report which awoke the country for miles around. They describe themselves to have been lifted from their feet as by some unseen power, and thrown down, the violence of the prostration stunning their faculties, and when they awoke from their stupor, they had only a dim idea of a great rolling sound having been in their ears. For some minutes the matter remained incomprehensible to those who found themselves in the act of arising from the ground at the same time with scores of others, and some who reco- vered sooner than their neighbours fied in terror of they knew not wdiat, over the bodies of those who were lying thickly in the street, oiT their faces or their backs. Soon as the tremendous shock had ceased, were seen the workings of those faculties in the use of which man looks god-like. No moment of precious time was lost in timid flight or useless wailing. Sorrow w^as put off in the agony of present strife. The explosion was over, but some of its victims might be saved even from the burning ruins. The fire was spreading north and south, and the whole town might be consumed. Other engines were brought up by rail and river, while fresh soldiers replaced their disabled comrades. The ships that were in danger were moved out of the way, and the fire was extinguished in those that had been ignited by the lighted brands. Happily there was plenty of water, and no wind. Thus encouraged, as many as could get near enough to help worked as one man, while tens of thousands watched from wherever watchers could get foot-hold, with aw^e, with eagerness, and hope. No danger, not the hot embers nor the shaking walls, deterred the firemen from carrying his hose, or the excavator from moving on w-ith his. pick, if hope or duty pointed the way, while every leaping jet and courageous venture was cheered by the impatient lookers-on. The fallen and w^ouaded were conveyed to the infirmary and dispensary, where they received succour and shelter, and the houseless were taken under the neighbouring roofs. The wreck, &c., in Gateshead may be described in the following manner : — ■ First, at the east end of Hillgate, and forming the limit of the eruption, was the well know^n vinegar manufactory of Messrs Singers, which was totally demolished, while proceeding from this point up the quay, a range of houses, followed by the exploded bond warehouses, Messrs. Carr's timber yard, Messrs. Wilson's worsted manufactory, and lastly the engine manufactory of Mr. Bulcraig, this latter place forming the w-estern limit. Running parallel with these premises, but on the opposite side of Hillgate, commencing with the shop of Mr. Lumsden, grocer, was a large cluster of houses, while the laige flour-mill of Mr. Davison was closely contiguous. These from their proximity 168 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYKE. to the worsted mill and bonded warehouse, received the fall force of the con- cussion, and were totally destroyed. The houses in Church Walk were also entirely demolished. A short way beyond Bulcraig s engine-works another disastrous scene presented itself. The property at this place formed the left side of Bridge-street, from Tyne Bridge up to Hillgate, and, as the back of these premises consisted of numerous factories, nothing could describe their bulged and tottering condition more forcibly than comparing them to having been subjected to some heavy cannonade, while the valuable commodities within them were laid waste by the same ruinous process. The whole of Cannon-street, situated on the south side of St. Mary's Churchyard, was from end to end a mass of ruins. The ruins on Newcastle Quay extended from the Sandhill to the Custom House, and reached almost as far back as Butcher Bank. In the foreground, there was, as at Gateshead, little to meet the eye but a mass of blackened rubbish, but, further back, portions of houses were left standing in all manner of attitudes. Here a gable stood alone — there a house was cut into a section, and presented to the spectator all the domestic arrange- ments which the unfortunate inmates had made befoi'e the catastrophe over- took them. In some parts one end of a house had fallen, leaving the roof half supported by that which still stood, while others were all but utterly demolished. The number of killed and wounded amounted to upwards of -270 persons, of w^hom 25 were killed, in Gateshead, on the spot, and five in Newcastle — three died subsequently in Gateshead, and 10 in the Newcastle Infirmarj^ — the remainder were all more or less injured. The value of the property destroyed was more than £1,000,000. In conclusion we may quote the words of Prince Albert, who, on being informed of this dreadful conflagration, observed, that "there was commonly some good came out of every evil," and Gateshead, the severest sufferer will soon rise, phoenix-like, from its ashes. Already, the precedent of the Great Fire in London, following within twelve months upon the Great Plague, and purging it out for ever is upon every tongue. Gates- head and Newcastle had last year the cholera raging, week after week, in those very quarters which the shock of the explosion has overthrown, or the red hand of conflagration has expunged. That calamity cost nearly two thousand lives — this about fifty, and though to the latter must be added a money loss of even a million sterling, great will be the gain — the ruined " chares " being so rebuilt that never more shall death hold carnival within their strait acclivities. If the men of Tjmeside think not so, now the first smart of suffering is over, they are not the sturdy vanguard of English pro- gress we have been wont to deem them. EXTINCT MONASTIC EDIFICES. The early monasteries and religious houses of Monkchester, having been destroyed during the Danish invasions, were restored shortly after the Nor- man Conquest. The first of the revived monastic establishments was St. Bartholomew's Convent of Benedictine nuns, which was founded by Baron Hylton, of Hylton Castle^ in the county of Durham. It was munificently EXTINCT MONASTIC EDIFICES. ~ ] 69 endowed, and among its numerous benefactors we find the names of the kings of England and Scotland, two bishops of Durham, and many other eminent and distinguished persons. At the dissolution of religious houses this convent was given to William Barantyne Kenclure Throckmorton, and Henry Annet- son, from whom it passed to Lady Gaveere, and afterwards to Robert Anderson. It was removed diuring the excavations for the new streets, in 1835, but its site is still commemorated in the name of Nun-street. The Dominican Convent was situated near the head of Westgate-street, and was founded in 1350, by Sir Peter Scot, the first magistrate of Newcastle, who bore the title of mayor. The church of this convent is memorable as being the place in which Baliol did homage for the Scottish crown. At the Dissolution the convent was granted to the mayor and burgesses of the town, with a reservation to the crown, of the bells, iron, lead, stones, and timber of the church and other buildings. The church or chapel still remains, and is now converted into the ground floor of the Smiths' Hall. The Carmelites had their first convent in Newcastle, on the Y/all Knoll, but subsequently they removed the convent of the Order of Sac, in Hanover Square, where they remained till the suppression of the monastic establishments, when their house was granted to Richard Gresham and Richard Billingford, passing afterwards into possession of Dr. Askev/, who erected a handsome mansion upon its site, in 1740, The Fkanciscan Convent was situated on the west side of Pilgrim-street, near the nunnery of St.- Bartholomew, and was established in the reign of Henry III., by the Carliol family. At the Dissolution it became the property of the Earl of Essex, James Rokesby, and others. This convent produced many eminent scholars, among whom we may mention Duns Scotus, Dr. Hugh, and Friar Martin. The Augustinian Convent. — This establishment, noted as being the burial place of many of the Northumbrian princes, was founded by William Ross, Baron of Wark-upon-Tweed, about the year 1390. According to Grey, " it possessed a fair church, and stately and beautiful cloisters." It was suppressed in 1539. We may form some idea of its extent, by the many buildings, which, until recently, occupied its area. The Hall of the Barber Surgeons, the Hospital of Jesus, Biackett's Hospital, Davison's Hospital, All Saints' Charity School, a workhouse, and a penitentiary. Several of these buildings were removed in 1847, to form the railway, St. Michael's Peiory. — This establishment situated on the Wall Knoll, was instituted in 1360, for the use of the order of " Trinitarians" or *' Maturines." It was suppressed in 1539 and the property granted to Richard Gresham and PJchard Billingford. Its site is now occupied by very mean tenements, some of which have been raised on the old walls of the priory. An Hospital dedicated to the Blessed Virgin stood on the north bank of the Ouseburn at Jesmond. It was granted to the Corporation by Edward VI., and was by that body sold to Sir John Brandling. The chapel, a pic- turesque ruin on the north bank of the Ouseburn, still exists, and contributes an attractive feature to a rich and interesting landscape. l 3 XTO HISTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. A Maison De Dieu, built in 1012, by Roger Thornton, a wealthy mer- chant of the town, stood formerly on the south side of the Sandhill, it was granted to the Corporation of Newcastle in 1624. Five chapels dedicated respectively to the Blessed Virgin, St. John, St. James, St. Lawrence, and St. Thomas the Martyr, and all apparently connected more or less with mon- astic institutions, besides several other ancient chapels, were formerly situated in the town and suburbs of Newcastle, but their sites cannot now be satisfac- torily traced. A sketch of the various religious orders which flourished in this country anterior to the Reformation, will be found in the History and Description of Holy Island. — (u-hich see. J FORTIFICATIONS, &c. Among the fortifications of Newcastle, the Castle from which the tov\-n derives its name, claim's pre-eminence. This edifice, as has been previously remarked, stands in an irregular open area, called the Castle Garth, north west of the Sandhill, south of the Side, and is accessible by many crooked allej-s. It was erected by Robert Curthose the eldest son of the Conqueror, and was formerly surrounded by two strong and high walls, which enclosed an area of more than three acres. The keep covers an area of 76 feet, by 66 feet, is from 14 to 17 feet thick in its walls, and its height from the surface of the ground to the top of the lowest battlement of the tower, is upw^ards of 97 feet. A flight of nineteen steps within the inner w^all which enclosed the keep, conducts to an exceedingly strong portal, the entrance to the outer tower; another flight of twenty-four steps conducts to a guard-room of 13 feet by 12, the interior of which appears to have been highly embellished, and a third and short flight of eight steps leads thence, by a lofty and imposing portal, to the state apartments, which are marked by much antique grandeur. A winding staircase from the ground floor to the summit of the castle, and galleries communicating with each other exist in the thickness of the walls. Near the grand entrance is the chapel, an apartment about 46 feet wide by 20, now shorn of its beauty, but evidently once a highly-adorned Norman edifice. This castle maintained its place among the fortifications of the north till the latter part of the fifteenth century, when its days of degradation com- menced. It was farmed by the Company of Tailors from 1605 to 1 615. For what purpose the Tailors required it does not appear to be known ; but they paid for it an annual rent of one pound sterling. It was granted by James I., in 1618, to Alexander Stevenson, one of the pages of the bedchamber, for fifty years, at a rental of forty shillings per annum. The subsequent history of the castle is anything but a feudal one, the bright days of the old struc- ture were long departed. In 1808 it became the property of John Turner, Esq., of London, v?ho sold it to the corporation for 900 guineas. Upon its coming into the possession of the municipality, they instantly set about its restoration, and in 1848, they let it at a nominal rent to the Newcastle Antiquarian Society, and the two bodies have agreed to expend a certain sum on the restoration of the interior. An Antiquarian Society could hardly possess a more fitting locale. :fobtifications, etc. 171 The \Talls, gates, and militarv toT\-ers of Newcastle, aided by the Tyne on the south, and the deep glens of Ouseburn and Pandon Dean on the west, caused this town, in Leland's time, to be regarded as one of the most strongly fortified places in Eui'ope. But since 174 5, advancing population and com- merce have ground most of these fortifications to dust, yet enough still remains to show what they have been. The town wall was upwards of two miles in circuit, from twelve to twenty feet high, and eight feet thick. It was perforated by six or seven strongly embattled gates, and defended by numerous towers. All the gates were in existence about sixty or seventy years ago, and of the numerous towers, about a dozen still survive. They are repaired and kept in order, and applied to various useful purposes — very burghal and commercial, but very anti-feudal. One is the Shipwrights' Hall, one the Masons' Hall, while the w^eavers, the colliers, the glaziers, the plumbers, the armourers, the felt-makers, the curriers, and other trades, have all succeeded in obtaining halls for their meetings, in some or other of these old towers. The Gates. — Sandgate is said to have received its name from its being built on the sands thrown up by the tide, w^hich, previous to the building of the quay, flowed considerably above the place where this gate stood. It was removed in 1798. Pandon Gate, supposed to have been embodied in the Roman Wall, and possessing curious marks of antiquity and strength, was demolished in 1795. Pilgrim Gate, a low, arched, and thick structure, stood at the head of Pilgrim-street, and was taken down in 1802. Newgate crossed the street to which it gave name, at the west end of Blackett-street. It was defended by massive outworks, and its towers, in former times, served for a jail. It w"as removed in 1822, at which time a portcullis and several large cannon-balls were discovered in its walls. The Westgate, contaming four wards, "with huge oak and iron doors," and described as a " mightie strong thing," stood on the street to which it gave name, at the end of Cross-street, and was taken down in 1811= The Closegate, a heavy and repulsive structure, stood on the Close, on a line with the Sandhill, in the immediate neighbour- hood of the Tyne, upon whose margin stood a tower which communicated with Closegate. Daring the period that walls and towers were needed, the inhabitants of Newcastle were divided into twenty-four wards, or divisions, for the better defence of the town. To each of these wards a portion of the walls, and a certain number of towers w^ere assigned, so that in the event of any attack there might be no confusion, but that each ward might march to its proper place, and there defend the town against its assailants. CHURCHES. All the tow-n and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne is included in the parish of St. Nicholas, W'itli the parochial chapelries of All Saints, St. Andrew, St. John, and St. Ann, whose churches we shall now proceed to describe. St.. ^.Nicholas's Church occupies a fine position on the top of a bold eminence, which rises abruptly from the river neaily to tho centre of the 173" HISTOEY OF XEYTCASTLE-UPOlN^-TTXE. towu. It was erected by Osmund, Bishop of Salisburj, in tlie year ]09l, subsequent to wMcb it was destroyed by fire, and rebuilt in 1359. Since this latter period it has undergone many extensive alterations and repairs, and as it stands is at once the the most conspicuous, as well as the most antiquely beautiful and imposing of all the town's rich assemblage of edifices. It is a cruciform structure, in the decorated style of English architecture, consisting of nave and aisles, transepts, choir and aisles, and a steeple which has been described by almost every writer who has spoken of Newcastle. This steeple is believed to have been erected in the reign of Henry YI., previous to which period, the tower was surmounted only by a battlement of open stone-work and embrasures, and it is also probable that the body of the chm'ch was newly roofed at the same period. This steeple is upwards of two hundred feet in height. From the ground to the battlements it is divided into three stages, or architectural designs, the lower one being pierced by the principal entrance a,nd a noble window. At the corners of the tower are bold buttresses, sm^mounted by octagonal turrets, with crocketted pinnacles. From the bases of these turrets spring four flying buttresses, of very graceful form, with crocketted edges, and from their points of intersection, near the centre, rises a very light and elegant square lantern, with a crocketted pyra- midal sphe at its summit and crocketted pinnacles for its angles. The whole appearance of this crowning termination is singularly graceful. It has been universally admired, and has furnished a model for the steeples of St. Giles's at Edinburgh, St. Dunstan's in the East, at London, and many other churches. The tower contains a peal of eight very musical bells, the largest of which was placed in the tower in December, 1833. The clock and chimes were put up in 1761, and its dials, facing north and south, iUuminated vdth gas in December, 1829. The extreme dimensions of this church are, from east to west, 245 feet, and from north to south, in the transepts, 128 feet. The grand entrance is in the west front, under a deep pointed arch over which is a fine large window of five lights, ornamented with tracery. The north side of the nave was, some time ago, newly faced, and, with the exception of its windows, the style of the original has been strictly preserved. The north transept is enclosed with an iron railing, and is remarkable for the beauty of its windows, especially the northern one, v/hich is an exquisite piece of workmanship, consisting of five lights, separated by lofty mullions, and ornamented with elegant tracery. The east end contains a splendid seven-light window with flowing tracery, which lights the chancel. It is said to have been built by the beneficent Eoger Thornton, the elder, and tradition tells us that it formerly contained representations of the twelve apostles, and the seven corporal works of mercy, with this inscription : — OeATE PEO AXIilA EOGEEI ThOEXTON ET PRO AKIMABUS FjLIOStJ:*! ET FiLElEUM. On the south side of the nave there are three narrow plain windows, each consisting of three long pointed lights and three small ones at the top, formed CHUEOHES. 173 by the intersection of the mullions, which seem of a piece with the original structure. Specimens of the plain, square, upright, buttress are also still attached to this portion of the building. The south transept, usually called St. Mary's porch, contains a very fine window of five lights, similar in style to that at the eastern end of the church. Having now taken a hasty survey of the exterior, let us examine the interior of this venerable edifice. On entering the great west door of this ancient structure, the stranger will immediately notice its cathedral-like appearance. The boldness of the elevated groined roof, and the massive pillars by which the lofty fabric of the tower is supported — the solemn effect of the light and shade presented through the arches by wdiich the aisles are divided — all combine to produce mingled sensations of awe and gratification. It is in very truth ; — " A dim and mighty minster of old time ! . A temple sliadowy with remembrances Of the majestic past ! The very hght Streams with a colouring of heroic days In every ray which leads through arch and aisle A path of dreamy lustre, wandering back To other years." The font is situated near the western entramce. It is a plain octagonal m.arble vase, supported by a fluted octahedral stone column rising from a similarly formed base, elevated on a broad stone pedestal two steps high, and its eight faces are each sculptured with a shield of arms. Suspended over the font by four light pillars resting on its rim is a rich and lofty canopy, which, as a specimen of carved work, is a masterpiece of its kind. The design consists of two stories, or rather tower upon tower, surmounted by a lofty pinnacle. These towers are both octahedral, and, though diversified throughout their corresponding parts by fanciful embellishments, yet so skilfully has the elaborate design been disposed in its minutest detail that every distinct feature seems expressly in place, and appears indispensable to the beauty and elegance of the v/hole. This beautiful work of art formerly stood in the north transept. The south transept is handsomely stalled with a portion of the old oak furnishings which adorned the choir previous to the innovations of 1783. The chancel exhibits much of the character of the nave, except in its windows, which are considerably larger. The organ, a magni- ficent instrument, is placed over the principal entrance to the choir. It con- tains twenty-two stops, and was erected about the year 1676. The principal feature in this part of the church is the great east window, already mentioned. The centre compartment is occupied by a fine figure of the Redeemer bearing the cross, with the sponge and other adjuncts of the passion annexed. The figure of the suffering Saviour, which is 5 feet 2 inches in height, was executed by Mr. John Gibson, of this town, in a style which reflects the highest credit on his artistic skill and talent. Beneath this window there is a valuable altar-piece, by Tintoretto, presented by Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart., in 1818. The subject of this painting is, Jesus washing the feet of 174 HISTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. his disciples. This church contains several fine specimens of sculpture, and a great variety of sepulchral monuments, which will amply repay a careful inspection. It would be impossible in the compass of this volume to do justice to them, being of themselves sufficient to occupy the whole of our pages were adequate descrii^tions of them to be given, they can only be mentioned generally, therefore, as a fine collection in this department of art. Of all the northern churches this is stated to have been the richest in the number and beauty of its chantries, w^hich, at the time of the Dissolution, amounted to nine or ten. These chantries were endowed with lands and other revenues for the support of the chaplains. The living is now a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of New"castle, rated at ;£50, gross income, £833. Patron, the Bishop of Carlisle. — Vicar, the Rev. C, Moody — Curate, the Rev. C.C. Snow^den, M.A. — Afternoon Lecturer, the Rev. John Reed, B.A. The parish register commences in 1558. Adjoining the church on the south side is St. Nicholas's and Dr. Tomlin- son's Library, containing many valuable and curious w^orks. It is open to the public gratuitously every day (Sundays and holidays excepted) from ten to twelve. St. Andeew's Chuech is situated on the west side of Newgate-street, and is traditionally asserted to be the oldest church in Newcastle ; its erection being ascribed to David, the church and abbey building monarch of Scotland. Its style of architecture seems to have been originally Norman, but, as a whole, the building has been much modified by frequent alterations and repairs. We find this church mentioned as early as 1218, and in 1280 the judges held their courts in this edifice. It subsequently underwent extensive repairs, but it suffered so much during the siege of Newcastle, in 1644, that there was a cessation of service within its walls for more than a year. The tower of this church is low in proportion to its height, but is thought to have been different before the siege just alluded to, when it, in common wdth the chancel, sustained great injury. Since the period just mentioned it has been extensively repaired several times. There is a fine painting of the " Last Supper," by Giardino, in this church, w-hich also possesses a splendid service of plate, and a fine organ containing twenty -nine stops. St. Andrew's formerly possessed three chantries, but they were dissolved at the suppression of the religious houses. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Newcastle, and the incumbency of the Rev. Richard Buckeridge, M.A. The register commences in 1597. All Saints' Chuech is situated on the brow of a steep bank, on the south side of Silver-street, at the foot of Pilgrim-street. It was erected in 1796, at a cost of ^97,000, on the site of the former church of All Saints, which was erected previous to the year 1284, but the precise date is not knowm. It is an elliptical structure of 86 feet by 79, and in the Grecian style of architecture, the spire having an elevation of 902 feet. This elegant edifice is constructed of freestone, and the pews are all formed of mahogany. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Vicar of Newcastle, gross income £330. Incumbent, the Rev. Walter Irvine. The register commences in 1600. CHUECHES. . 175 St. John's Church, situated on the west side of Westgate-street, is a large cruciform structure, probably of the age of Edward I., and chiefly of the early English character, but greatly affected by comparatively modern alterations and enlargements. It is surmounted by a quadrangular embattled tower, and contains a font venerable for its antiquity, several ancient monuments, an altar piece, and a painted window, by Mr. Gibson, of New'Castle. This church, anterior to the Reformation, possessed three chantries, Avhich under- went the fate of the other religious establishments at that period. The register commences in 1587. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the Yicar of Newcastle, gross income ^259. Incumbent, the Eev. H. W. Wright, M.A. St. Anne's Chapel is situated on the north side of the New Road. It was erected by the corporation, on the site of an old chapel dedicated to the same saint, and is a neat and commodious structure, erected with materials taken from that part of the town's wall which extended along the quay. This chapel was licensed as a district church, for baptisms, marriages, and deaths, in 1842. It will accommodate about 490 persons. The living is a curacy, gross income £110. Incumbent, the Rev. George Heriot, M.A. St. Peter's Church, Oxford-street, was erected in 1843, as a chapel of ease to St. Andrew's. It is in the Gothic style, from a design by Mr. Dobson, and is capable of accommodating 1,134 persons. The chancel is ornamented with beautiful stained glass window^s, and a painting of the " Crucifixion," by Reed. It was formed into a separate ecclesiastical district in 1844. The patronage of this church is vested in the Crow^n and Bishop of Durham alter- nately. Incumbent, the Rev. C. A. Raines, M.A. St. Thomas's Chapel and St. Mary Magdalen's Hospital is situated at Barras Bridge. This beautiful structure was erected in 1830, from a design by Mr. Dobson, at a cost of £6,000. Since its opening its accommodation has been increased by the erection of galleries — a new organ has also been added. This church will accommodate 1,500 persons. Patrons, the Cor- poration of New'castle. Rev. R. Clayton, M.iV., chaplain. CHURCHES AND CHAPELS NOT CONNECTED WITH THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH. The places of worship unconnected with the Established Church are numerous in Newcastle, and some of them are large, commodious, and hand- some edifices. Catholics. — Catholicism has rapidly increased in this town, and indeed all through the kingdom, of late years, and its churches and chapels, some of them truly magnificent, are now to be found in almost every town of consequence. After the death of Dr. Thomas Watson, of Lincoln, the last Catholic bishop consecrated previous to the reign of Elizabeth, the Catholic church in this country became a foreign mission under the Holy See, which placed the secular clergy under an arch-priest, the Rev. G. Black well, with episcopal jurisdiction, which continued till 1623, when Gregory XV., deputed to the 176 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. government of the English and Scottish Catholics, Dr. William Bishop, con- secrated Bishop of Chalcedon, with the power and jurisdiction of an ordinary. After his death he was succeeded by Dr. Eichard Smith, who received the same title and jurisdiction. It appeared afterwards, at the commencement- of the reign of James II., that more favourable days were about to arise for the Catholic religion, and Innocent XL, immediately profitting by this circumstance, in 1685, deputed John Le3^burn, Bishop of Adrumetum, as Vicar-xlpostolic of all the kingdom of England, and, in three years afterwards, joined with him three other Vicars-Apostolic, Bishops in jjcirtihus ] dividing at the same time England into four districts, and assigning one to each Vicar- Apostolic. This arrangement continued till the pontificate of Gregory XVL, w^ho, in 1840, increased the number of Vicariates and Vicars to eight; but in 1850, the present pope, as it is w-ell known, abrogated and annulled all previous arrangements, and for Vicars- Apostolic appointed by himself and removable at his pleasure, substituted an ordinary hierarchy of bishops who take their titles from sees in this country, and are elected by the chapters of the respective dioceses. By the same rescript the pope increased the number of bishops from eight to twelve, besides an archbishop, so that at present the Catholics of England have one ecclesiastical province, composed of an archbishop, or metropolitan, and of twelve bishops his suffragans, who take their titles from the following cities or towns in England, viz : — Westminster, Beverley, Birmingham, Clifton, Hexham, Liverpool, Newport, Northampton, Nottingham, Plymouth, Salford, Shrewsbur}', and Southwark. The Catholics of the north are included in the diocese of Hexham, which comprises the counties of Northumberland, Dur- ham, Cumberland, and Westmoreland. The Catholic Cathedral of St. Mary is situated on a very eligible site in West Clayton-street, close to the Central Bailway Station, and is a most successful revival of the old ecclesiastical structures of our country. It w^as erected from designs furnished by the celebrated architect, A. W. Pugin, Esq., and is a good specimen of the style of architecture w^hich flourished during the fourteenth century. It is in the form of a parallelogram, and consists of a nave and aisles, with deep chancel and lateral chapels. Its extreme dimensions are — from east to west, 135 feet — from north to south, 60 feet 6 inches, and the tower and spire, when completed, will be 200 feet in height. The grand entrance is in the west front, which is splendidly deco- rated. The entrance doorway is deeply recessed and richly moulded, over which is the great west window, consisting of five lights, and tracery above. At the sides of this fine w^indow are two canopied niches — the left hand one containing a statue of Venerable Bede, and the right hand one a figure of St. Cuthbert, both carved iii Caen stone. The windows of this fine edifice are all of varied designs, some being headed with the geometrical tracery that was most common in the early part of the decorated period, and others with the flowing tracery of the latter periods of this stjde. The buttresses are plain, with offsets and triangular heads a little below the roof. The tower is at the south end, its lower part is made to serve CHUECHES AXD CHAPELS. 177 as a soutli porch. At present, for want of funds to complete it, a tem- porary roof has been put on it at the height of its first stage. The door leading into the church from the porch is ornamented with rich mouldings, and in a niche over the doorway is a beautifully carved figure of the Blessed Virgin, with the infant Saviour, and angels bearing torches. Richly carved stoups, for holy water, are on both sides of the porch, which has stone benches running along its length. Tbe interior of the church is characterised by an elegance of arrangement which bespeaks the master-hand by which it was designed, and reminds you on entering, of some of the best efforts of the ancient church-builders in this country. Standing at the west end of the structure, the visitor sees before him the long drawn nave, with its open roof — the fine chancel, with its ever-burning light — the altar, with its richly crocketted canopies — and, over all, the " Storied windows, richly dight, Casting a dim, religions light." The nave is di^'ided into four bays, the piers are clustered, with plain capitals, and are ten feet in height, supporting equilateral arches, with mouldings belonging to the decorated style. The roof of the nave is open, and is supported by beautifully carved corbels. The pulpit, which is constructed of Caen stone, is of very elegant design, and is placed on the north side of the nave, against the first pillar. The font is situated at the west end of the south aisle. It is of octagonal form, in Caen stone, and is finely carved, with the figure of a lamb, and the symbols of the four Evangehsts. The chancel is 37 feet long, and consists of two parts ; the choir, raised one step above the nave, where the stalls for the chapter, choristers, &c., are placed ; and the sanctuary, which is one step higher than the choir. The chancel and side chapels are laid with encaustic tiles of various patterns. The rood-screen is not yet erected, but if the design of the architect be carried out, it will consist of open tracery work in stone, surmounted by a large crucifix and figures of the Blessed Virgin and the Beloved Disciple. The High Altar is of Caen stone, and its front is handsomely carved, with repre- sentations of the principal events in the life of the Blessed Virgin. Over the altar is a magnificent window of seven lights, occui^ying the whole eastern extremity of the chancel. It is what is commonly called a " Jesse mndow," and represents the genealogy of Christ, according to St. Matthew. At the bottom of the centre light, is Jesse seated on a throne, and from his loins springs a vine whose branches and leaves spread over the whole window, till the royal fruit from the root of Jesse appears at the top in the Infant Saviour in the arms of his Virgin Mother. This splendid window was the donation of the Dunn family. On the north side of the chancel is the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, the area of which is 17 feet by IG feet. It contains a beautifully carved altar and reredos, together with a fine stained-glass window, whose centre light is filled with a full-length figure of the " Good Shepherd," the side lights representing Seraphim, This window was presented to the church by the Riddell family, of Feltou Park, whose arms are represented 178 HISTOHY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. at the bottom of tlie centre light. The north side of this chapel has two windows filled with stained-glass, bearing inscriptions having reference to the Blessed Sacrament. On the sonth side of the chancel is the chapel of our Lady — it is 18 feet in length bj 16 in breadth, and contains a beautiful altar and reredos of Caen stone, which are ornamented with some exquisite carvings. The east window of this chapel has, in its centre light, a figure of the Blessed Virgin, and in the side lights figures of St. George and St. John the Evangelist. This fine window was the gift of George Joseph Calej, Esq. Over the door in this chapel which leads into the cloister, is a small single light window, with a figure of St. Helena. Besides the windows above described the church contains a mortuary window to the memory of the Rev. James Worsmck, who was for m.any years the senior priest of Newcastle. The centre light contains a figure of St. James, and the side lights are filled with representations of the reverend gentleman administering the sacraments of the Catholic Church. There is also a mortuary window to the memory of the Rev. J. L. Eyre. The centre light is filled with a representation of the crucifixion, whilo the side lights exhibit the various emblems of the priest- hood, the chalice, paten, &c. In addition to these there is the " Bede Window," which was presented to the church by Mr. William Wailes, who executed the whole of the stained glass in the church, from designs by A. W. Pugin, Esq. In the centre light of this window is a full length figure of Venerable Bede, in his monastic habit, holding his various works in his right hand, and in the side lights the chief incidents of his life are repre- sented. Such is a slight description of this splendid edifice, vrhich occupied two years in building. It was opened on the 21st of August, 1844, on which occasion nine bishops and above seventy priests assisted at the solemn dedi- cation. Take the structure altogether, with its massive columns, lofty arches, vaulted roof, and cloistered aisles, and it must be acknowledged that it is a credit to the body to whom it belongs, and an ornament to the towm. The Very Rev. Canon Joseph Humble is the present pastor. The following are the dignitaries of the Catholic diocese of Hexham : — BISHOP. Right Reverend William Hogarth, D.D., Darhngton. PEOVOST. Very Reverend Willloi Fletcher, D.D., Durham, CANONS. Very Rev. T. A. Slater. „ „ Joseph Brown. ,, .,j Phihp Kearney. ,, ,, WiUiam Knight. „ „ Richard GiUow. Very Rev. Ralph Piatt. ,,' „ Robei*t Smith. ,, ,, Michael Gibson. „ ,, Wilham Thompson. ,, ;, Joseph Humble. St. Andrew's Church, Pilgrim-street, was opened in 1798. It is a brick edifice, 90 feet in length by 36 in width, and having undergone extensive alterations ill 1830, ynH now accommodate upvrards of 1,500 persons. It CHUriCHES AND CHAPELS. 179 contains two side gtilleries, and a very fine-toned organ. The altar is placed in an alcove which is surmounted by a beautiful painting of the Crucifixion, bj Maria Cosway. The Revs. J. A. Brown, T. Foran, and T. Hannigan, are the officiating priests. St, Pateick's Chuech, Wall Knoll, was erected in 1765 by a Presby- terian congregation, who gave it up in 1841. It was afterwards used as a Sunday School, and having been recently purchased by the Catholics, was opened according to the rites of their religion in June, 1853. The Ptev. J. Crawley is the present priest. Peesbyteeians. — The origin of Presbyterianism is referable to the period just succeeding the Reformation. When Calvin was invited to assume the government of the church at Geneva, he framed a code of church government which is recognised as the basis of the Presbyterian system, whose funda- mental principles are, — the existence in the church of but one order of minis- ters, all equal, and the power of these ministers, — assembled, with a certain proportion of the laity, in local and general synods — to decide all questions of church government and discipline arising in particular congregations. The Scottish Kirk adopts the Confession, Catechism, and Directory, pre- pared by the Westminster Assembly, as its standards of belief and worship. Its discipline is administered by a series of four courts or assemblies. (1) The Kirk Session is the lowest court, and is composed of the minister of a parish and a variable number of lay elders, appointed from time to time by the session itself. (2) The Presbytery consists of representatives from a cer- tain number of contiguous parishes, associated together in one district. The representatives are the ministers of all such parishes and one lay elder from each. This assembly has the power of ordaining ministers and licensing probationers to preach before their ordination — it also investigates charges respecting the conduct of members, approves of new communicants, and pronounces excommunication against offenders. An appeal, however, lies to the next superior court, viz : — (3) The Provincial Synod which comprises several presbyteries, and is constituted by the ministers and elders by whom these presbyteries themselves were last composed. (4) The General Assemhly is the highest court, and is composed of representatives, ministers, and elders, from the presbyteries, royal burghs, and universities of Scotland, to the num- ber, at present, of 363, of which number rather more than two-fifths are laymen. The National Church of Scotland has three presbyteries in England, that of London, containing five congregations, — that of Liverpool and Manchester, containing three congregations, — and that of the North of England, containing eight congregations. Various considerable secessions have from time to time occurred in the Presbyterian church. The principal of the seceding bodies hi these kingdoms are, — the " United Presbyterian Church,''' and the " Free Church of Scothntd,'' the former being an amalgamation effected in 1847, of the "Secession Church" (which separated in 1732), with the " Relief Synod" (which seceded in 175'-2.) and the latter having been constituted in 1843. Tlie " United Presbyterian 180 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Church'" has five presbyteries in England, containing seventy-six congrega- tions, of which, however, fourteen are locally in Scotland, leaving the num- ber locally in England, Q'2. The " Free Church of Scotland" has no ramifi- cations, under that name, in England, but various Presbyterian congregations which accord in all respects with that community, and which, before the disruption of 184:3, were in union with the Established Kirk, compose a separate Presbyterian body, under the appellation of the " Presbyterian Church in England,'' having in this portion of Great Britain, seven presbyteries and eighty-three congregations. Newcastle possesses eight places of worship belonging to the various sec- tions of the Presbyterian body. The largest of these is Trinity Church, which is situated in New Bridge-street. It was erected in 1847, from a design furnished by Mr. Dobson, and is in the early English style of archi- tecture. This edifice is 74 feet long by 39 broad, and possesses ample accommodation for 850 persons. Minister, the Ptev. T. Duncan. The Caledonian Chapel, Argyle-street, is a fine brick edifice, erected in 1841 ; it will accommodate 800 hearers. Rev. A. Broom, minister. The United Secession Chapel, Clavering Place, is a fine commodious structure. The congregation of this chapel was formed in 1801, and in 1808 they purchased premises in Clavering Place, which they used as a meeting house till 1822, when they were removed, and the present edifice constructed at a cost of £1,020. Two School-rooms and a dwelling house are attached to the chapel, which is capable of accommodating 655 persons. Rev. J. Pringle, minister. High - Bridge Chapel, belonging to the Scotch Presbyterians, was erected in 1766, and will accommodate 585 persons. Carliol-street Chapel, belong to the United Secession body, by whom it was erected in 1823, at a cost of £1,430. It is a neat edifice, with a front of ashlar stone, but its deficiency of altitude detracts from its general appearance. The interior is neatly arranged and contains sittings for 568 persons. Rev. G. Bell, minister. Blackett-street Chapel, belongs to the same body as the chapel last mentioned. It was erected in 1821, at a cost of £1,350 by some members of the Original Presbyterian congregation, which assembled in the Castle Garth chapel. This chapel was embellished by a new Gothic front, from a design by Mr. John Green, in 1828. It contains seats for 576 persons. Groat-Market Chapel is situated between Groat-Market and Pudding- Chare, from each of which it has an entrance. It is a brick struc- ture, erected in 1715, and is capable of accommodating 506 persons. The John Knox Church, situated in Bewick-street and Clayton-street, is a handsome and substantial stone edifice, in the Gothic style of arcliitec- ture. It was erected by subscription, in 1854, at a cost of £2,043, exclusive of the amount paid for^ the site, which was purchased of Richard Grainger, Esq., for about £900. The church will accommodate 500 persons. Rev. Patrick Leslie Miller, minister. Independents, or CongregationAlists. — The great distinctive principle on which is based the separate existence of tbat large body called, indif- ferently, sometimes "Independents," sometimes " Congregationahsts," has CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. 181 reference to the constitution of the congregations. Eejecting equally the episcopal and presbyterian model, congregational dissenters hold a " church" to be synonymous vdih a "select congregation," — and a Christian Church to be, therefore, a congregation of true believers. To express the total freedom of the body from exterior control, the term " Independency" is used, — to convey the idea that every member of the church participates in its adminis- tration, " Congregationalism," a more modern appellation, is adopted. Two descriptions of church of&cers are made use of in this body, pastors arrd deacons, the former instituted to promote the spiritual, and the latter to advance the temproal, welfare of the church. The only valid call to the pastorate is held to be an invitation to that office by an individual church, and where a person is invited thus, no license, as in Presbyterian, nor ordina- tion, as in Episcopal Churches, is considered to be requisite in order to confer authority to preach, or administer sacraments. Strll, after this elec- tion by an individual church, an ordination of the chosen minister, by minis- ters of the neighbourirrg churches, is esteemed a fitting introduction to office, and this custom has always beerr followed by the Iirdependent body. The doctrines of the Congregational Churches are almost identical with those embodied in the Articles of the Estabhshed Church, interpreted according to their Calvinistic meaning. The origin of Independency is referable to the latter portion of the sixteenth century. It is probable that some conventicles were secretly established soon after the accession of Elizabeth, but the first prominent advocate of Congregational principles appeared in 1580, in the person of Kobert Brown, who diff'used his sentiments by preaching from place to place. His followers, who were then called Brownists, w^ere treated with great rigour, down to the time of the Commonwealth, when they gained great strengtli, and their leaders were among the foremost men of the day. From the Restoration to the Revolution the Independents sufi^ered much, in common with other bodies of Dissenters, but since the latter period they have increased considerably. The Independent body possess two places of worship iir Newcastle, ^iz. — West Clayton-street and St. James's Chapels, the former of which is a fine commodious structure in the Roman style, and is capable of accommodating 850 persons. The latter is a plain but well-built stone edifice, with a fine massive portico, of the Doric order, situate in Blackett-street. It was erected in 1826, from a design by John Dobson, Esq., at a cost of £2,218. The interior is well arranged, and contains sittings for upwards of 600 persons. Baptists. — The distinguishing tenets of the Baptists relate to two points, upon which they diff'er from nearly every other Christian denomination, viz., the proper subjects, and the proper mode, of baptism. They hold that adults are the only proper subjects of the ordinance, — and that immersion in water is the only proper mode in which that ordinance should be administered. These views are common to all Baptists. Upon other points, however, differences prevail, and separate Baptist bodies have in consequence been formed. In England, we have the following sections of this denomination : — Geneml (Unitarian) Baptists, General (New Connexion) Baptists, Particular Baptists, 183 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-rPON-TIXE. Seventli Day Baptists, and Scotch Baptists. The " Seventh Day Baptists " differ from the other Baptists simpl}'- ou the ground that the seventh, not the first day of the week should be the one still held as the Sabbath, They have only two congregations in England and Wales. The " Scotch Baptists " derive their origin from the Rev. Mr. M'Lean, who, in 1765, established the first Baptist congregation in Scotland, Their sentiments are more Calvin- istic than those of the other Baptists. They possess fifteen congregations in England and Wales. The Baptists in this country date their origin from 1608, at which time the first Baptist congregation was formed in London. They have at present, (1 854), six places of worship in Newcastle. New Couet Chapel, the pro- perty of the Particular Baptists, is situated on the south side of Westgate- street. It was erected in ] 819, and is capable of accommodating 600 persons. TuTHiLL- Stairs Chapel was erected in 1797, at a cost of £1,300, and in 1820 the accommodation w^as much increased by the erection of a new gallery at the west end. It now contains sittings for about 500 hearers. Providence Chapel, situated in Marlborough Crescent, was erected in 1835, for a congregation, of Particular Baptists, at a cost of £800, and it is capable of affording accommodation to 312 persons. Brandling Place Chapel is a small edifice erected in 1828. These two last named chapels are attended by the Revs. R. B. Sanderson, and R. B, Sanderson, jun. New Bridge-street Chapel was erected in 1839, for a Baptist congregation, which had seceded from the New Court Congregation, in 1824. It vail accommodate 227 hearers. There is also a chapel in Forth-place, Bewick-street. It is a hand- some stone structure, erected in 1853 — Rev, Mr. Pottinger, minister. Friends. — The " Society of Friends" was founded by George Fox, the son of a Leicestershire weaver, who, in 1646, at the age of 22, commenced the public proclamation of his sentiments. The first assemblies of the Friends for separate religious worship were held in Leicestershire, in 1644. In eight yeaTs afterwards the society had extended itself throughout most of the north- ern counties, and before the Restoration meetings were established in nearly all the English and Welsh counties, as w^ell as in Ireland, Scotland, the West Indies and the British provinces of North America. The society in the United Kingdom is not now increasing its numbers. Small communities are to be found in parts of France, Germany, Norway, and Australia. The whole community of Friends is modelled somewhat on the Presbyterian system. They possess monthly, quarterly, and yearly meetings, for the management of their secular polity and spiritual discipline. The Monthly jMeetings, composed of all the congregations within a definite circuit, judge of the fitness of new candidates for membership, supply certificates to such as move to other districts, choose fit persons to be eJd.ers to watch over the ministry, attempt the reformation or pronounce the expulsion of all such as walk disorderly, and generally seek to stimulate the members to religious duty. They also make provision for the. poor of the society, and secure the education of their childi-en. At these meetings also, marriages are sanctioned previous to their solemnisation at a meeting for vrorship. Several monthly CHURCHES AKD CHAPELS. 183 meetings compose a Quaeteely Meeting, to which they forward general reports of their condition, and at which appeals are heard from their decisions^ The Yeaely Meeting holds the same relatiYO position w^ith regard to the quarterly meetings as the latter do to the montiily meetings, and has the general superintendence of the society in a particular country. As the customary names of the days and months derive their origin from Pagan superstition, the Friends object to use them, substituting " first day," "second day," "first month," "second month," for "Sunday," "Monday," " Januaiy," and " February," respectively, and so on of the rest. From the jDeriod of the Revolution in 1688, the Friends have received the benefits of the Toleration Act, and are now eligible for public offices. The Friends possess one Meeting House in Newcastle, which is situated in Pilgrim-street. It was erected in 1805, upon a site which had been pur- chased in 1698. In 1812 it was enlarged, and since that time has under- gone several alterations, possessing at present ample accommodation for 500 persons. Adjoining the building, on the side next the Manors, is a burial ground, a school room, and also a large room used occasionally for meetings. • Unitaeians. — The form of government among the Unitarians is essentially " congregational," each individual congregation ruling itself \\ithout regard to any courts or synods. The modern Unitarians differ from the ancient Anti-Trinitarians, chiefly by attributing to the Saviour less of divine and more of human nature. Indeed, He is described by several of their leading writers as a man " constituted in all respects like other men." His mission was, they say, to introduce, by God's appointment, a new moral dispensation, and His death they look upon, not as a sacrifice or an atonement for sm, but as a martyrdom in defence of truth. The Scriptures they believe to contain authentic statements, but do not allow the universal inspiration of the writers. Many of the modern Unitarians believe that all mankind wdU ultimately be restored to happiness. Until 1813, Unitarians were debarred of civil rights, but shice that period they have held the same position as all other Protestant Dissenters. The Unitarians have two places of worship in Newcastle, Hanovee Squaee Chapel, which was opened for service in ITS 6, but in 1810 it was consider- ably enlarged, and will now accommodate nearly 1,000 hearers. Minister, the Ptev. G. Harris. The Unitaeian Chuecpi dedicated to the worship of One God, the Father, was built, in 1854, upon a piece of ground, purchased of the corporation, in New Bridge-street, and is situated between the Triuity Presbyterian Church and the old tower which formerly defended the walls of the town. It is in the decorated style, and has two entrances, the southern one in New Bridge-street is very handsome. The church is in the form of a parallelogram, 7-1 feet long by 48 feet wide, the whole area beiug covered b}^ an open-timbered, high-pitched roof. The body of the church contains 300 sittings, and there are galleries cJl round the sides of the building. Under the east gallery, and upoQ the ground floor, is the boys' school, which will accommodate 250 pupils. It is separated from the church by sliding doors, so that the school can be added to the church when requisite, 184 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPO^T-TYNE. Communicating with the boys' school is another for girls, on the exterior of the north side of the church. It possesses sufficient accommodation for 100 scholars. Methodists. — Under this general term are comprehended two principal and several subordinate sections, possessing totally distinct ecclesiastical organisations. The two grand sections differ from each other upon points of doctrine — one professing Arminian, and the other Cahinistic sentiments. The former are " Wesleyan Methodists," the latter the " Cahinistic Method- ists." Each of the two grand sections is divided into several smaller sections, differing from each other upon points of church government and discipline. The Wesleyan Methodists comprise the " Original Connexion," the " New Connexion," the " Primitive Methodists," and the " Wesleyan Association." The Cahinistic Methodists comprise the body bearing that specific name, and also the congregations belonging to what is kno^ii as " The Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion." The Osigixal Connexion. — ^As at present settled, the form of church government somewhat resembles that of the Scottish Presbyterian churches in the order of their courts, in the relation they bear to each other, and in their respective constitutions and functions. The difference is in the greater degree of authority in spiritual matters exercised by the Wesleyan ministers, who preside in their courts not as mere chairmen or moderators, but as pastors. The method of organisation in the Methodist body is so well known that there is no necessity for our enlarging upon it here. The Original Connexion possesses six places of worship in Newcastle. Brunswick Place Chapel. — This fine edifice, the largest possessed by any Dissenting body in Newcastle, was erected in 1820, at a cost of £6,726. The building is of brick, with stone finishings. The interior is handsome, and the chapel altogether is allowed to be one of the most commodious in the north of England. It possesses ample accommodation for 1,389 persons, and in connection with it are schools, class rooms, chapel-keeper's house, and a good circulating library. Blenhei:m-street Chapel is a fine, commodious, brick structm'e, with stone finishings, erected in 1838, and contains sittings for 767 persons. New Road Chapel. — A handsome stone edifice, was erected in 1813, from a design by J. Dobson, Esq., at a cost of £4,700, and contains sittings for 743 hearers. The Centenary Chapel is situated at St. Lawrence. It was erected, as its name implies, to commemorate the centenary of the existence of the Wesleyan body, in 1839. It affords accommodation to 390 persons. Besides the above, there are chapels at Byker's Hill and Arthur's Hill belonging to this connexion. The New Connexion differs from the parent body only with respect to ecclesiastical arrangements. In the New Connexion the laity have a par- ticipation in church government, candidates for membership must be admitted by the voice of the existing members, not by the minister alone ; offending members cannot be expelled but with the concurrence of a Leader's Meetmg, — officers of the body, whether leaders, ministers, or stewards, are elected by the church and ministers conjointly, — and in District Meetings, CHURCHES AND CHAPELS. 185 and the Annual Conference, lay delegates (as many in number as the minis- ters) are present, freely chosen by the members of the churches. This body has t^'o places of worship in Newcastle. Salem Chapel situated in Hood- street, was erected in 1833, at a cost of £3,700. It is in the Grecian style, with a recessed portico of four fluted Doric columns; the pilasters and entablature are encii'cled with wreaths, &c. The upper part consists of two projecting wings, with pilasters and a centre crowned with a bold entablature, with a perforated battlement over the centre, and turrets and vases over the two wings. The .interior is commodiously fitted up, and contains sittings for 900 persons. There is also a small chapel at St. Peter's Quay, erected in 18:27. It will accommodate 292 persons. The Primitive Methodists. — This section of Methodism commenced in the year 1810, when its first class was formed at Standley, in Staffordshire. Their doctrines are the same as those of the Original Connexion, and the outline of their ecclesiastical polity is also similar, the chief distinction, being the admission, by the former body, of lay representatives to the conference, and the greater influence allowed, in all the various courts, to laymen. This body possess six places of worship in Newcastle. Nelson-street Chapel is a fine commodious structure, with a polished stone front, in the Roman style, and contains sittings for nearly 1,000 hearers. There is a school beneath the chapel. use-Burn Chapel is a plain brick building, erected in 1811, and contains 271 sittings. There are also chapels belonging to this body, at Arthur's Hill, Ballast Hill, Byker Hill, and Dent's Hole. Wesletan Methodist Reformers. — In 1849, another of the constantly recurring agitations with respect to ministerial authority in matters of church discipline arose, and still continues. As the history of this agitation is w^ell known w^e will not enter upon it, but just observe that the loss to the Old Connexion, by expulsions and withdrawals on account of these questions, is stated to amount to 100,000 members. The Reformers have set in motion a distinct machinery of Methodism, framed according to the plan which they consider ought to be adopted by the parent body. They now possess three places of worship in Newcastle. New Bridge-street Chapel was erected in 1839, and has a fine front of ashlar stone. It will accommodate 227 persons. Zion Chapel is situated at the foot of Westgate-street, and was formerly possessed by the Cathohcs, from w^hom it passed to the Wesleyans, Presbyterians, and subsequently to the present possessors. It is seated to accommodate 500 persons. Zion Chapel, Gibson-street, is used as a Ragged School during the w^eek. It was erected in 1837. The New Jerusalem Church. — This body claims to possess an entirely new^ dispensation of doctrinal truth derived from the theological writings of Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish nobleman, who maintained that the sacred writings had two senses, one the natural, the other, their spiritual sense. The principle tenets he deduced from tbis interior meaning of the Holy Word, and which his followers still maintain, are these : — That the Last Judgment has already been accomplished (viz : in 1757) : — that the former "Heaven and Earth" are passed aw^ay ; that the " Ne\Y Jerusalem" men- M 2 186 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPOX'TYXE. tioned in the Apocalypse, has ah-eady descended, iu the form of the " New Church" — and that, consequently, the second Advent of the Lord has even now been realised, in a spiritual sense, by the exhibition of His power and glory in the New Church thus established. The usual doctrine of the Trinity is not received ; the belief of the New Church being, " that the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, are one in the person of our Lord Jesus Christ, comparatively as soul, body, and proceeding operation are one in every individual man." This body possesses one place of worship in Newcastle. It is a stone build- ing, situated in Percy-street, erected in 1822, and is seated for 403 persons. Besides the above there is a Jewish Synagogue in Temple-street, a Bailors' Chapel, Bethel Quay, and the Latter-Day Saints have a meet- ing room in Nelson-street. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The Royal Free Grammar School situated in Charlotte Square, was founded by Thomas Horsley, mayor of Newcastle, in 1525. Queen Elizabeth incorporated it in 1599, from which period until the year 1844 the business of the school was transacted in the old chapel of St. Mary's Hospital, West- gate-street. By the above-mentioned charter of incorporation, it is enacted that the masters and scholars shall be a body corporate in law, with perpetual succession, common seal, and power to purchase lands to themselves, and successors in fee-simple, or for a term of years, provided they exceed not the yearly value of £40. It is also enacted that the Latin and Greek languages are to be taught gratuitously. This school has attained considerable celebrity from the respectability and attainments of its teachers, and the many dis- tinguished persons who have been educated mthin its walls. Among its eminent scholars, we find the names of Bishop Ridley, Mark Akenside, Lord Collingwood, Lord Eldon, and Lord Stowell. The following anecdotes of Lord Eldon may not be considered out of place here. They were related by his lordship himself to his niece, Mrs. Forster : — " I believe no boy was ever as much thrashed as I was. Yfhen we went to school we seldom had any time to spare, so Bill, the future Lord Stowell, and Harry used to run as hard as they could, but poor Jacky's legs not being so long or so strong, he was left behind. Now, you must know, there was eternal war w^aged between the Head School lads and all the boys of the other schools, so the Stockbriggers seized the opportunity of poor Jacky being alone, to give him a good drubbing. Then, on our way home, Bill and Harry always thrashed them in return, and that was my revenge, but then it was a revenge that did not cure my sore hones." The following is quite delectable in its way: — "Between school- hours, " (Eldon is still the narrator) " we used to amuse ourselves at playing at what we called 'cock-nibs,' — that was, riding on grave-stones in St. John's Church-yard, which, you know, was close to the school. Well, one day, one of the lads came shouting ' Here comes Moises !' (the schoolmaster) — that was what we always called him, Moises — so away we all ran as hard as we could, and I lost my hat. Now, if you remember, there were four or five PUBLTC SCHOOLS. 187 steps going do^A*n to the scliool, a sort of passage. Unfortunately a servant was coming along Avith a pudding for the bakehouse, and, in my hurry, when Moises was coming, I jumped down these steps, and into the pudding. What was to he done ? I borrowed another boy's great coat, and buttoned it over my own coat, waistcoat, pudding and all, and so w^e went into school. Now when I came out, I was in an unforeseen dilemma — for this great coat had stuck to my own — another boy's coat sticking to me and my own hat lost 1 — here was a situation ! With great difficulty the coat was pulled off, but my father was very angry at my losing my hat, and he made me go with- out one till the usual time of taking my best into every-day wear." In the school are now taught Latin, Greek, French, Mathematics, Geography, English Grammar, &c. Principal, — Rev. J. Suape, M.A. The Eotal Jueilee School is stuated in the New Road, east of the Keelmen's Hospital. It was erected at an expense of £2,194, in 1810, to commemorate the fiftieth year of the reign of George III> It is a commodious stone-fronted edifice, and depends for its support on voluntary contributions and donations. C. F. Springman, teacher. The Girls' Jubilee School is situated in Croft-street. It was erected in 1814, at a cost of £1,000, having been instituted by the Duchess of North- umberland and a committee of ladies. This school is supported by subscrip- tions and donations. The Clergy Jubilee School was erected in 1826 at an expense of £2,300. It is situated on the east side of Carliol Square, and was founded in commemoration of Shute Barrington, Bishop of Durham, entering upon the fiftieth year of his prelacy. In the same building the scholars of St. Nicholas's Charity School are educated. This charity was established in 1705, and now extends to forty boys, and the same number of girls, who are gratuitously clothed and educated. The boys on their leaving school to become apprentices, receive twenty shillings, with a bible, a prayer-book, and a copy of " The Whole Duty of Man." The girls on going to service receive the same presents. John Brocklaud and Elizabeth J. Reed, teachers. All Saints' Charity School is similar to that of St. Nicholas's, just described, in the nmnber of its pupils, and the presents received by them on their leaving school. It was founded by public subscription in 1700, and is situated in close proximity to Jesus' Hospital in the Manor Chare. John Brewis and Ann Pescod, teachers. St. Andrew's Schools comprise a Charity, a National, and an Infant school. The former was founded by Sir W. Blackett, who bequeathed two thirds of the interest of £1,000 for the education and apprenticing of thirty poor boys of the parish, and the son of the founder added an annual sum sufficient for the clothing of the children. The revenue of this charity has been since augmented by numerous legacies, and the trustees, in consequence, have increased the number of boys from thirty to thirty-four. A similar establishment w^as founded in 1792, for the education and clothing of forty poor girls of this parish. The St. Andrew's National Schools are situated in Percy Street and Eldon Lane, and were erected in 1839. The boys' J 88 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYKE. school occupies the ground floor, and the girls' school the first floor, while the infants occupy that portion of the edifice adjacent to Percy-street. The boys and girls of St. Andrew's Charity Schools are educated in this establishment. George Gibb, Mary Ann Bulloch, and Mary Veitch, teachers. St. Ann's National School is situated on the New Road, at the corner of Elswick Lane. It was erected at the expense of the municipality in 1682, and is chiefly supported from the revenues of the corporation. The mayor and governor of the Hostmen's Company are presidents, and the curate and lecturer of All Saints' Church, with four other gentlemen, are trustees. J. Staff"ord, teacher. St. John's Charity, National, and Infant Schools. — The Charity School was established in 1710, by Mr. John Ord, who bequeathed the rent of the Great Magdalen, or Mill Close, for its endowment. Its revenues have been since increased by other legacies, and twenty scholars are now clothed and educated gratuitously. These, on leaving school, are presented with the sum of forty shillings and three religious books. The school for this charity was formerly situated in Cross-street, but on the erection of the National School, in Sunderland-street, in 1840, the pupils were removed thither. The Infant School is in Bath Lane, and is a neat building in the Gothic style, erected in 1838. Teachers, J. Forster and Jane Wilson, — Infant School, Annie Ellis. St. Nicholas's National School is situated in Queen-street. G. Grey Wilson and Elizabeth Brookbank, teachers. St. Paul's District School is in Els wick-street, John Jamieson, teacher. St. Thoimas' School, Vine Lane, w^as erected in 1 838, and contains two fine school-rooms, besides class-rooms, &c. Henry Page and Dorothy Ann Cole, teachers. St. Andrew's (Catholic) Schools are situated in Carliol Squai'e. They were erected principally by the untiring exertions of the Rev. J. Worswick and the Rev. W. Riddell, and were opened in the year 1833. These schools are in connection mth the Committee of Council on Education, under whose authority thirteen pupil teachers, eight girls, and five boys, have been appren- ticed. The average attendance is about 700 children. John Riordan and Mary Ann Hodgson, teachers. The Cholera Schools, situated in Rosemary Lane, were founded on the 9th of January, 1854. This institution has for its object the clothing, education, and part maintenance of the orphan children, whose parents fell victims to the cholera in 1853. It is supported by a fund, called the " Cholera Fund," amounting to about £6,000, which was raised by voluntary subscriptions. The average attendance is 132 children. Thomas Smith, and Octavia Outhett, teachers. The Infant School (Orphan House), Northumberland Street, was origin- ally erected for a Methodist Chapel by the Rev. John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, and, at the time of its erection, was the second chapel which the Methodist body had built in this country. A portion of it was subsequently converted into an infant school, for children between the ages of two and six HOSPITALS AND ALMSHOUSES, 189 years. Ami Robertson, teacher. There is another infant school at the Sally- port, Causey Bank. J. Lavi'son, teacher. The Ragged School was formerly Gibson Street Chapel, but is now used, during the week-days, as a place of industrial education for children, who otherwise would be roaming the streets, and acquiring pernicious habits and practices. The Wesleyan Reformers meet here for worship on Sundays. Jolm Morgan and Sarah Coulson, teachers. Trinity House School for the education of the children of the poor, is attached to the Trinity House, Trinity Chare. The course of instruction in this establishment is very extensive, embracing writing, arithmetic, mathema- tics, &c. Thomas Grey, teacher. The Union Girls' School is situated in Bath Lane, and is a fine stone edifice in the Gothic style, possessing sufficient accommodation for upwards of 100 children. It was foimdecl in 1822, under the patronage of the congregations of New Court, Zion, Postern, Clavering Place, and Tuthill- Stairs, Chapels. Isabella H, Mackay, teacher. In addition to the above there are several other schools, both public and private, which our limited space will not allow us to describe more minutely. They will be found particularised, with the names of their respective teachers, under the head. Academies and Schools in the Directory. HOSPITALS AND ALMSHOUSES. The Hospital of the Holt Jesus, Manor Chare. This institution, commonly called the Town's Hospital, was erected in the year 1682, upon a por- tion of the site of the suppressed Augustinian monastery. It was incorporated and endowed by the municipality under the 39th Elizabeth, c. 5, for the relief of freemen and freemen's widows, or the sons and daughters of freemen, and, by the deed of incorporation, it was declared that the mayor, aldermen, and common council of Newcastle for the time being, should be the visitors of this hospital. By this appointment of visitors, the Charity Commissioners were precluded from inquiring into the condition of this institution. The number of inmates, as regulated by act of parliament in 1847, consists of one master, twelve brethren, and thirty-seven sisters, each of whom receives £1 per lunar month, and is furnished with clothing and coals. The master receives £2 per annum extra. In addition to this, they receive yearly 13s. 4d. each from charities which have been left to the hospital. George Mather, master. Blackett's and Davison's Hospital was situated in the Manor Chare, south of Jesus Hospital, but it was removed in 1847, in consequence of rail- way operations. It was erected by the corporation, in 1754, for the pensioners of Sir Walter Blackett, and Mr. and Mrs. Davison's Charities, consisting of six poor widows of clergymen and merchants, six poor old bachelors, and six poor unmarried women, daughters or widows of burgesses. 190 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, The Keelmen's Hospital is situated on the north side of the New Road. It is a brick structure, rather gloomy in appearance, containing fiftj-four chambers, besides a large one in the south front for general meetings, and w^as erected in 1701, at a cost of upwards of £2,000, by the keelmen of the Tyne, for the benefit of those of their body who are disabled by sickness or lameness, and so prevented from pursuing their usual employment. This institution reflects the highest credit upon the keelmen, and is, perhaps, the only hospital in the kingdom built and supported by the working classes for the benefit of their own members. The Peace and Unity Hospital, Westgate-street, is a neat building, in the Gothic style, erected by the corporation in 1814, for the support of forty indigent old freem^en, or freemen's widows, and unmarried daughters. The inmates receive £1 each per lunar month, and are provided with coals, the governor receiving £2 per annum extra. The " Municipal Corporations Act," passed in 1835, secured these silowances to those who were inmates at that tirae, for their lives, but the vacancies caused by death since that period have not been filled up. St. Mary Magdalen's Hospital. — We have no authentic account of the original foundation of this hospital, but tradition tells us that it owes its* origin to Henry I. , who, " when the leprosy was raging with great violence in the kingdom, "and almost every town was provided with a lazar house, built this hospital for a master, brethren, and three sisters, who were to receive persons afflicted with the pestilence." It came to the sovereign by the statutes of Henry VHI. and Edward VI., and remained vested in the crown till the time of James I., v\'ho incorporated it with the chapel of St. Thomas a Becket, at the end of Tyne bridge. By the charter of incorporation it was decreed that the united institutions shotild consist of a master, who was at least to be a master of arts, and three old, poor, and unmarried burgesses of the town, Vvho should be a body corporate in law, wdth the usual rights and privileges. The mayor and common council of Newcastle-upon-Tyne to be patrons, with the right of presentation, and power to review and alter the statues. In 1827 an act of parliament was obtained, by which the master and brethren were empowered to grant building leases of the property belonging to this hospital, which is of considerable extent in Newcastle, and the act has since been extensively acted upon, At the time of the Charity Commissioners' Report the income of this hospital aniounted to £983. lis. 6d. per annum. Hospital or St ]\Iaey the Virgin. — We have met with no authentic account of the original foundation of this hospital, but it probably came to the crown by the statutes of Henry VIII. and Edward VI., in the same manner as the hospital of St. Mary Magdalen. In 1611 King James I. granted a new charter to this hospital, " Constituting the foundation, to consist of a master and six unmarried poor old men, incorporated and having a common seal, with power to let leases, &c. The mayor and burgesses of Newcastle to be the patrons." The annual income of this institution amounted to £4I.|19s. 8d. at the time of the Charity Commissioners' Report, but it has since been increased by a change in the manner of granting leases of the BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES, ETC. 191 property belonging to this hospital. The almshouse is an incommodious and contiued building in Pudding-Chare, containing separate apartments for six poor men, who receive £Q each per annum, besides an allowance for coals. BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES AND INSTITUTIONS. Among the many institutions which Newcastle possesses for the alleviation of suffering humanity, the Infirmary justly occupies the first place. This noble institution was established in 1751, b}'- a small society of benevolent individuals, at the suggestion of Mr. Richard Lambert, an eminent surgeon of the tovai. On the 9th of February of the above-mentioned year, a public subscription was commenced, v^hich, by the following .June, amounted to a sum sufficient to produce the annual revenue of £1,500. The first stone of the edifice was laid on the 5th day of September following, and in October, 1752, the building was finished, at cost of about £3,000. In the year 1802, a further sum of £5,329 was subscribed for its enlargement. Considerable additions have recently been made to this excellent institution by the erection of a new wing, 116 feet in length by 56 in breadth. This wing contains four storeys, the lowest of which is divided into several rooms constituting the out- patient department. The three upper storeys are each separated by a central partition-wall into two large wards for the reception of in-door patients. By this arrangement the out-patients are provided with ample accommodation, and the in-patient department has received an accession of six large wards, capable of containing 144 patients. The cost of this enlargement, exclusive of interior fittings, was £5,821. 10s. It was a fortunate circumstance that the enlargement of the Infirmary was completed previous to the late m.elan- choly catastrophe, for, on the day of the explovsion, the number of patients was increased to 234, all of whom were relieved with comparative ease, and no similar occurrence could so perfectly have demonstrated the great capabi- lities of the institution. The Bishop of Durham is grand visitor, besides whom there are six presi- dents, six vice-presidents, and six stew^ards — these officers, together with the governors, regulate the affairs of the institution, and their reports are annu- ally submitted to all the contributors. The establishment is supported by the interest arising from numerous legacies and annual subscriptions, payable in advance ; and it must afford much gratification to the benevolent and humane mind to contemplate the extensive benefit that has been afforded by this infirmary. The following extracts from the rules will give a sufficiently clear idea of the conditions of governorship, and the privileges which the governors and subscribers enjoy: — " Subscribers of two guineas, or more, per annum, are governors during their subscription ; and benefactors of twenty 'pounds, or more, at any one time, are governors for life ; and such governors have the direction of the affans of the Infirmary. 19S HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, "Any subscriber, being absent from the three counties, may, by a note under his or her hand, delivered to the house committee, appoint a person, residing in one of the said counties, to recommend proper objects in the name of such subscriber. " General courts of the governors are held four times in every year, viz., on the first Thursday in April, July, October, and January, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, to receive the reports of the house committee, to inspect the accounts, and to transact such other business as shall be laid before them, viz., ordering payment of the quarterly accounts, and for the dispatch of any extraordinary matter which may occur. The anniversary meeting of all the contributors is held on the day on which the High Sheriff of Northumberland meets her Majesty's Justices of Assize for the Northern Summer Circuit. " Special courts may be summoned, when judged necessary by the grand visitor, or any one of the presidents, or any two of the vice-presidents, or by the house committee, or by any six governors, on delivering to the secretary a requisition for the purpose. " The house committee consists of twelve ordinary and thirty-six extra- ordinary members. The twelve ordinary members are chosen from the governors resident in Newcastle or Gateshead. At the general court in April, six of the ordinary members, who shall have been two years in office, go out, and six others are elected in their stead. Thirty-six extraordinary members (twelve for each county) are appointed in alphabetical rotation, from three dis- tinct lists of the governors, and, in addition, the attending physician and surgeon are officially members of this committee, and all governors who choose to attend the same have votes as members thereof. " This committee, of which three are a quorum, meet at the Infirmary every Thursday, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, to admit and discharge patients, and to direct all matters which concern the ordinary expenses and government of the Infirmary, such as to examine the weekly accounts, to superintend the conduct of the officers and servants, and to control the expenditure of the house. The duties of this committee (which in its consti- tution is an open committee) are, in their nature, important and various, the presence, therefore, of any governor, not named on the committee, is parti- cularly solicited. " The house committee, weekly, appoint two governors, resident in New- castle or Gateshead, in rotation, from the alphabetical list, to act as house visitors for the ensuing week. Their supposed duties are — to visit the house, and to inquire into the conduct of the different departments, and as to the behaviour of the matron, patients, and servants, and to report their observa- tions to the house committee, in ' The House Visitors' Book,' -in the governors' hall. Governors residing in the country are requested to visit the house as often as they have an opportunity. " The economical management of the Infirmary being intimately connected with the regularity of its payments, subscribers will perceive how desirable it is that their subscriptions be paid immediately after the 1st of April, being the commencement of the Infirmary year. BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES, ETC. 193 *' Subscribers may recommend, for one guinea yearl}^, one out-patient ; for two guineas, two out-patients, or one in-patient, and so on in proportion for larger sums. Benefactors of ten pounds have the same right of recommenda- tion as subscribers of one guinea yearly, and benefactors to a larger amount, after same the ratio. " Persons meeting with sudden accidents, or labouring under diseases requiring the immediate help of surgerj^ are admitted without any recommen- dation, at any hour of the day or night, but all other patients (not syphihtic) must make application at the Infirmary, by a letter of recommendation (signed according to tbe fourteenth of the Infirmary rules, by a subscriber whose subscription is paid), on Thursday only, between the hours of nine and eleven in the forenoon. Printed forms can be had on application at the Infirmary to Mr. Gibb, the house surgeon and secretary." This institution is gratuitously attended by four physicians and the same number of surgeons. Charles John Gibb, house surgeon and secretary — Rev. G. Heriot, M.A., chaplain — Elizabeth Dowson, matron. The Lunatic A-sylum is situated on the east side of Bath Lane, and was built by subscription in J 767. It is a well designed and skilfully constructed edifice, possessing accommodation for 88 patients, who are divided into six classes, each of which has a separate airing ground adjoining their apartments. In consequence of the death of the other subscribers it came into the possession of the corporation, in 1824, at which time the old building was improved and altered, under the superintendence of J. Dobson, Esq.; a lease of the building was granted at the same time, to T. N. Smith, M.D., and subsequently to Dr. Macintosh. BELLCrRovE PbETREAT is a private lunatic asylum retiredly situated between the "Leazes" and the Town Moor, and since 1766 has been devoted to its present use, for persons of respectability — none others being admissible. The establishment is conducted on the most approved and humane principles, and the apartments are fitted up with every convenience, and have garden ground attached. The Dispensaey erected in 1838, is situated in Nelson-street. It is a fine commodious building, the front being in the Italian style, in unison with the other buildings in the same street. It contains every requisite accommoda- tion for an institution of the kind, besides a dwelling-house for the resident medical officer, Mr. J, S. Pearse. There is also the Eastern Free Dispensary situated in Howard -street. It is under the patronage of the Lord Bishop of Durham. E. Y. Green, Secretary. House of Recovery, or Fever Hospital. — This institution is a commodious and well ventilated Fever Hospital, situated in an airy and retired spot iu Bath Lane. It was erected in 1804, at an expense of about £1,800, and contains seventeen rooms, outbuildings, &c. An annual subscription of one, or a donation of two guineas, is the qualification for governorship ; but the medical officers alone decide on the admission of patients. — House Surgeon, John J. Pierce. '194 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYKE, The Lying-ix-Hospital is situated in New Bridge-street. It is a fine stone building erected in 1826, at a cost of £1,550. The institution was founded in 1760, and a temporary hospital was opened in Rosemary Lane, but it was removed to the new hospital on its completion. It possesses accommodation for seventy poor married women. In addition to this there is an Out-cbarity, chiefly supported by ladies, it was founded the same year as the above. Mr. R. C. Frost, Secretary. The Eye Infirmary is situated in Saville Bow. This institution founded in 1822, owes its origin to the exertions of Messrs. T. M. Greenhow and John Fife, Surgeons, and depends upon annual subscriptious and donations for its support. Patients are admitted every Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday. Mr. John Brown, Secretary.. Royal Victoria Asvlum for the Industrious Blind. — This institution is situated in Northumberland-street, and was founded in 1838 to commemo- rate the Coronation of Queen Victoria, The object of this establishment is to " afford to the Indigent Blind, a religious, moral, and elementary education founded on Scriptural principles, and to teach such trades as are suited to their capacities." The institution is supported by donations and subscriptions, assisted by the profits from the sale of the various articles manufactured by the inmates. The Deaf and Dumb Institution is situated in Charlotte Square. It was founded in 1838 for the education of the deaf and dumb in the counties of Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland, and Westmoreland, and depends for its support on subscriptions, donations, and the payments which are made for the board of its ininates. Since the estabhshment of this institution at the period above-mentioued, 98 pupils have been admitted. Of these 44 are tinder tuition, and the remaining 54 have gone into the world, and are now occupying various situations in society, which the education received at this establishment has qualified them to fill to advantage, each becoming a missionary testifyiug to the benefits of education, and prompting parents, hitherto incredulous or careless, to apply for the same blessings for then' children similarly afnicted. The number of pupils at present in the institu- tion is 46, and there are upwards of 20 applicants for admission to its benefits, whose parents are unable to pay the yearly sum required by the regulations of the establishment. Children are received as pupils from any of the four northern counties, at the rate of £10 per annum, payable half-yearly in advance. The regular time for admission is August, when the classes are resumed after the holidays. Children should he sent not later than eight years of age, so that their education may be completed at the proper time for theu' being apprenticed to some useful trade. William Neill, head master and secretary. The Penitentiary. — This useful and praiseworthy institution is situated in Diana-street. It was founded in 1831, but the present edifice was not erected till 1837. It is constructed of brick and contains nine apartments on the ground floor, and forty-two rooms on the fi^rst floor. It is under the patronage of the Mayor of Newcastle. Mrs. Robsou, matron. : PUBLIC CIVIL BUILDINGS, ETC. 195 Among other benevolent funds, societies, and institutions, are the Mendicity Society, a Fund for the EeHef and Support of Disabled Seamen ; an Associa- tion for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck — a Society for the Rehef of the Widows and Orphans of Shipwrecked Seamen — a Society for the Sick and Indigent — a Society for Infirm and Aged Females-^— a Eepositoiy, in Granger-street, for the eleemosynary sale of needle and fancy work — a Domestic Guardian Institution, and a large number of benefit societies. PUBLIC CIVIL BUILDINGS, &c. The Tyne Bridge, which consists of nine elliptical arches, w-as built in 1776-84, at a cost of upwards of £30,000. In 1801, it was widened by arch- ing from the buttresses, making the total width 33 feet 6 inches. The High Level Bridge. — To understand the position and object of this famous bridge, it is requisite to know what are the outlets which railways have afforded to Newcastle. In the first place, then, there is the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, which foUowing the route of the great northern wall, stretches across the island almost from one sea to the other, and has been instrumental in supplying the west with coals from the east. Then there is the North Shields Line, which, starting from Pilgrim Street, near the eastern edge of Newcastle, spans over several hollow^s by lofty viaducts, and passes through North Shields to Tynemouth. Next, we have the Newcastle and Berwick Railway, w-hicli makes use of a portion of the last mentioned line, and. then darts off northward towards Scotland. Lastly, we have the net-work of Durham railways, wdiich, taking thek departure from Gateshead, open up a communication with South Shields, Sunderland, Durham, York, and the south generally. Then" came the great work — a work fit for the age and place. All these railways stopped short, at the several margins of the town ; but in this age of engineering tri- umphs such accommodation w^ould not suffice, commerce could not permit such a state of things to remain — she must and u'ill have a central station, and this station req[uires enormous viaducts, stretching over the deeply-lying portions of the town. We consequently find the following gigantic plan has been carried out to effect this object. A spot of ground was selected near Neville-street, rather to the west of the centre of Newcastle, as the site of the central station, and thither the various lines were brought. The Carlisle line shoots past its former terminus, and arrives at Neville-street by a bold curve which passes close by the Infirmary. The Shields line, taking with it the Berwick line, spans Pilgrim-street, then, still more loftily, extends over the junction of the "Side." with Dean-street, and joins its Carlisle neighbour at Neville-street. But the great enterprise is still to be described — the crossing of the Tyne. The existing Newcastle Bridge accommodated the lower parts of Newcastle and Gateshead, but the railways occupied the heights of the two towns, and any railway over the Tyne must necessarily soar at a vast height above the river. The inhabitants had, for many years, under 196 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. consideration the construction of a " Higli Level Bridge," for tlie service of the higher parts of the two towns, and after much negotiation, a plan was agreed upon between the railway companies and the corporation, by virtue of which, the former undertook the construction of one of the most astonishing structures, perhaps, in England, being actually a double bridge, consisting of a common foot and carriage bridge at a great height above the river, and a railway over that ! This railway was to pass almost close by the castle^ and to join the others' at the grand central station. Such was the comprehensive plan proposed and executed. The great rail- way station is finished. The viaduct crosses the streets from Pilgrim Street to the vicinity of the castle, the railway bridge over the liver exhibits two piers at the margin of the river, and four others in the stream itself, besides minor piers to support the land arches. These piers are of masonry and of immense strength. The distance from pier to pier is about 124 feet, and this determines the span of the arches. At a height of about 86 feet above high-water mark runs a level bridge for carriages, horses, and foot-passengers, and at a further height of 23 feet runs the railway itself. The astonishing magnitude of this grand work will be better conceived by bearing in mind, that the entire height of masonry and iron-work, from the bed of the river to the parapet of the railway, exceeds 132 feet! The entire length of the struc- ture, from the high ground of Gateshead, to the high ground of Newcastle, is nearly 1,400 feet. The iron-work in this structure is estimated at 5,000 tons. The cost of the mason-work, in and over the liver amounted to more than £100,000, that of the mason and brick-work of the land arches to about an equal sum, and the iron-work to a still larger sum. "Railway affairs," observes a popular writer, " may fluctuate, directors and shareholders may wrangle, 'calls' may be amazingly rapid, and dividends amazingly small, golden dreams may be dissipated, estimates may be greatly exceeded — all this may occur, and Newcastle may have its share of troubles, but the High Level Bridge will stand for ages, a monument of enterprise, sldll, and beauty. The Exchange oe Town Hall, Sandhill, was erected in 1655, at an expense of £'10,000, from a design by Robert Trollope. It subsequently suffered from a fire and from the outrages of a mob, and is now but a reno- vated wreck of a structure of great and varied architectural grandeur. The lower story is distributed into the fish-market, a news-room, and piazzas. Some pail of its ancient grandeur is still visible in the interior. The Court Room of the Merchant Adventurers, which occupies the eastern portion of the building, is not merely beautiful, but elaborately ornamented with a series of subjects of Scripture History, executed, in relief upon wood, with great sldll. The apartments adjoining this room, and the grand staircase, are the Town Clerk's offices, and others occupied by the corporation. The Guild HaU is a lofty and magnificent court, with a fine oaken ceiling and rich antique embellishments. The Mansion House, a commodious brick building on the south side of the "Close," was re-edified in 1691, at an expense of £6,000. It was sumptuously furnished during its civic fife — but, after the passing of the - JtBLTC CIVIL BUILDINGS, ETC. 19T Municipal Reform Act it was denuded of its honours, and some ancient oak carvings of superior workmanship, are all now remaining of its curiosities. The County Couet House, or Moot Hall, is situated on the south side of the Castle Garth. It is a large and noble stone building, with archi- tectural details from the Athenian temple of Theseus, and. is conspicuously situated on a lofty eminence 100 feet above the level of the river. It was erected in 1810-12, and covers an area of ]44 feet by 72. On the north and south sides are grand porticos, supported by Doric piUars 28 feet high, and five feet in diameter. The internal arrangements are very complete for all the purposes required in a public edifice of the kind, and it occupies a spacious area, enclosed on the western side by a handsome range of iron palisades. The Assizes, for the County of Northumberland, are held here, by the judges, twice a year, and the January Quarter Sessions are held in the same court. The Custom House is situated on the Quay Side. It became the property of the government in 1829, since w^hich time it has been newly fronted with ashlar stone, and considerably altered and enlarged. The New Jail and House of Correction is situated on the west side of Carliol Square. It was erected in 1823, at a cost of about £35,000, from a design by John Dobson, Esq., and is a strong and massive erection, with a bold and formidable central tower, and all the appliances of approved prison, discipline. The different wards are arranged on the radiating principle, so that every avenue and court is visible from the lofty central tower, in which the apartments of the jailer and turnkeys are situate. Pandon Dean Bridge, which connects New Bridge-street with the numerous groups of elegant houses to the east, is a neat and handsome stone structure, erected in 1812, at a cost of £7,448. This bridge spans the deep and narrow glen whence it derives it name. The Public Baths are situated at the head of Ridley Place, on the east side of Northumberland-street. These buildings, which occupy an area of 172 feet by 132, were erected in 1838, at an expense of £9,500, from the designs of J. Dobson, Esq. The establishment contains warm, shower, vapour, tepid, medicated, and plunge baths, the latter being 107 feet by 51. Public Baths and Wash-houses, New Road. — These useful establish- ments were erected by the corporation, in 1848. They contain warm and plunge baths, with washing and drying houses for the use of the humbler classes. The Assembly Rooms, are situated in a recess off the north side of West- gate-street, and south end of Fenkle-street. They were erected by sub- scription, from a design by Mr. Newton, and opened June 24tb, 1770 — the cost, including the fittings, amounted to nearly £7,000. They possess sufficient architectural finish to be a practical enconium on the taste of a bygone generation. The grand ball-room is 92|- feet long by 30 feet wide, and 32 feet in height, and is extremely chaste and elegant in its style of decorations. In this room there are seven splendid chandeliers, the central one alone of which cost £030. 198 HISTORY OF NEWOASTLE-UPON-TYNE. The Music Hall occupies the upper portion of tlie Lecture Eoom, on tlie north side of Nelson-street. It was erected by Mr. Grainger in 1838, and is a veiy handsome structure — the hall is 80 feet long, 40 broad, and 25 high. The Bsanch Bank of Exglaxd. — This establishment is situated on the west side of Grey-street, forming one of the centres to the first facade, which is composed of nine Coiinthian columns and two pilasters upon a rusticated basement. The columns support an entablature, which is finished with a double row of balustrades. The Noethumbeelaind and Dueham Disteict Bank is situated on the east side of Grey-street, and occupies the space between Market-street and Hood-street. This is a very chaste and elegant building, and is much admired. The basement storey is in the Doric style of architecture, the next storey in the Corinthian, with pilasters, capitals, and entablature, surmounted by a battlement and balustrades, ornamented ^\iih Yases. This building is pro- nounced, by competent judges, to be the most chaste and neatly decorated edifice in the town. Besides these banks there are Messrs. W. H. Lambton and Co.'s Bank, and the Newcastle Commercial Bank, in Dean-street, the Newcastle; Sunder- land, and Durham Union Bank, in Moseley-street, and the Savings Bank in the Eoyal Arcade. The Tempeeance Hall is the basement floor of Nelson-street Chapel. It is a fine commodious room 46 feet long by 43 wide. Gas Woeks. — The original gas works of Newcastle were erected in Forth- street, in 1817 — these works being shortly after abandoned, other works were erected in the Manors, and at the west end of Pipewellgate, in Gateshead. These were purchased by the " Nev\-castle-upon-Tyne and Gateshead Sub- scription Gas Company," in 1831, and vfere further increased in 1833 and 1837 by the erection of other works in Sandgate, North Shore. The Centeal Kailway Station is situate in NoYille-street. It is a fine structure erected in the Eoman Doric style, from a design by Mr. Dobson. The principal front is 593 feet in length, having a portico in tlae centre, 200 feet long and 70 wide. The exterior front of the portico is composed of seven arches, supported by insulated columns, elevated on a basement 7^ feet high. The portico is entered by an arch at each end. The passengers' shed is 537 feet long and 184 wide, the covered area being 10,995 square yards, or rather better than 2 acres. The roof is composed of circular iron princi- pals, divided into three compartments, and supported by metal pillars, whose respective distances vary from 33 to 40 feet. Her Majesty Queen Victoria, opened this station on the 29th of August, 1850. The Manoes Station. — This station is for the North Shields and Tyne- rnouth Railway. The Yv^'atee AYoeks. — The inhabitants of Newcastle are indebted to Richard Grainger for the present water works, which, through his exertions, were established in the year 1 842, under a board of directors called " The Whittle Dean Water Company," Soon after its establishment this company purchased . PUBLIC CIVIL BUILDINGS, ETC. 199 the former ^Yater works belonging to the "Joint Stock Company," which had been in existence since 1833 — and . now supply the town copiously with the limpid element. In addition to the water supplied by the water works, the Corporation has provided sixteen fountains in different parts of the town. The Newcastuii-upon-Tyne General Cemetery is situated at a short distance beyond Carlton Terrace, between the New Road and BentonLane. It is of a triangular form and enclosed by a lofty wall, the contained area being about 10^ acres. It was established by a company of shareholders in 1831 at an expense of £6,900, and is tastefully planted and arranged. The entrance is by a splendid archway betwec-n two chapels, which are surmounted by handsome and uniform, though low, towers. These chapels and towers, being constructed of beantifully veined freestone, form a very ornamental structure at this approach to the town. The Westgate Hill General Cemetery is situated at the angle formed by the meeting of Elswick Lane and the Carlisle Road. It was formed by a company of shareholders in 1825, and consists of three acres of ground, which are laid out and planted in an ornamental style, in a similar manner as the cemetery of Pere la Chaise at Paris. A small chapel and sexton's house stand near the entrance gate. In this place of interment there are no restric- tions as to rites and ceremonies, the mode of burial being wholly left to the surviving friends. LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, &c. The Literary and Philosophical Society occupies a fine edifice, in the Grecian style of architecture, which was erected, at a cost of about .-£12,000, in the year 1825, from a design by Mr. John Green. This struc- ture is situated in Westgate-street, opposite the end of CoUingwood-street. The society was founded in 1793, " for the discussion of the several branches of polite literature, inquiry into the situation and property of the mineral productions of this neighbourhood, and elucidation of the sciences applicable to commerce, antiquities, local history, biography, literary intelligence, nautical inquiries," &c. In the tenth year of the society's existence, a per- manent lectureship was established, and the members have now an oppor- tunity of attending courses of lectures delivered by the most eminent professors in the several departments of science and literature. The Natural History Society is situated in buildings on the south side of the above institution, of which it is an offshoot. This society gives great attention to geognostic topics, and issues publications under the name of its transactions. It possesses a fine museum, which contains a valuable collec- tion of birds and animals of various kinds, minerals, corals, and numerous curiosities, with drawings and sections of the coal district and that of the mountain limestone in the adjoining counties. The museum is open to the public from eleven to four every day, Sundays excepted, at a nominal charge for admission. ^00 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYKE. The Antiquarian Society, founded in 1813 by the exertions of Mr. John BeU, under the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland, is situated in the Castle. This society was formed for the purpose of " inquiry into general subjects of antiquity, but more especially into those of the north of England, and particularly such as appertain to the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, and Durham." The society is composed of ordinary, cor- responding, and honorary members. Three valuable museums, belonging respectively to these three societies, are united under the name of the New- castle Museum. The North of England Society of Arts. — This institution, situated on the ground floor of the building in w^hich the Literary and Philosophical Society holds its meetings, was established in 1837, and has for its object not only the improvement of the public taste in matters appertaining to the fine arts, but also the bringing forward of such talent as might, without its aid, continue in obscurity. The Literary, Scientific, and Mechanical Institution occupies the centre of a range of buildings in Blackett-street, between the Grey Column and Pilgrim-street, and possesses classes for chemistry, mathematics, geo- graph}^, drawing, modern languages, and various departments of practical science. Newcastle-upon-Tyne College op Medicine, Neville Hall, Neville- street. This institution was founded in June, 1851, and in July of the same year received the recognition of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London. In October, 1851, it was recognised by the Royal CoUege of Surgeons of England, and in January, 1852, the Home Secretary empowered the tJniversity of London to receive the certificates of students at this insti- tution for the purpose of graduation in medicine. The institution assumed a collegiate form in December, 1851, and was admitted into connection with the University of Durham in January, 1852. Resident medical tutor, demonstrator of anatomy, and curator of the Museums of Anatomy, Path- ology, and Materia Medica, J. C. Penny, M.R.C.S. In addition to the above, there are Medical, Medico-chirurgical, and Medical and Surgical Societies, instituted in 1800, 1823, and 1834, which simply collect books and hold private conferences — a Botanical and Horticultural Society, established in 1824, and a Phrenological Society, founded in 1835. And besides the libraries of the various institutions, there is one at Trinity House, another called St. Nicholas's, located near the church of that name,- and containing a large, rare, and valuable collection, and a third called the Medical — the two latter are accessible to the pubhc. Newcastle publishes four newspapers weekly, viz. : — ^The Newcastle CouRANT (neutral), published in Pilgrim-street, on Friday — The Newcastle Chronicle (liberal), Grey-street, Friday — The Newcastle Guardian (liberal), Grainger-street, Saturday — The Newcastle Journal (conservative), Grey-street, Saturday. These papers are given in the order of their establish- ment — they enjoy an extensive circulation. ■ "PVhlAG CIVIL BUILDINGS, ETC. $^01 Newcastle possesses four newsrooms, in which the various metropoHtan and provincial journals, reviews, and magazines may be perused, viz. : — The Exchange Subscription Rooms in the south side of the Exchange — the Assembly Subscription News and Reading Rooms, in Westgate- street — the Central Exchange Subscription New^sroom, in Grej-street — and the newsroom of the Mechanics' Institute, situate in Blackett-street. The Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Shields, and Gateshead C^ambee of Commerce has been established for the following purposes, viz. : — " The redressing of all grievances in any way affecting the trade or couimerce of the countiT or of the district, the suggesting or facilitating of any measures cal- culated to promote the commercial interests of the community, and, gene- rally, the attainment of such objects connected therewith, as the exertions of individuals may be less adequate to accomplish." It now comprises upwards of one hundred members. Religious and Moral Societes. — Newcastle possesses numerous asso- ciations, which exist as auxiliaries to the Bible, Missionary, and moral societies, general and denominational, of the metropoHs. The associations, wholly or chiefly local, are the Bethel Union, established in 1823 — the Town Mission, begun in 1829 — a Church Pastoral Aid Society, partly akin to a town mission, and instituted in 1836 — a Society for Promoting the Employment of Additional Curates, formed in 1838 — a Young Men's Society for Religious and Intellectual Improvement — a Total Abstinence Society — a Lord's Day Society — and a Society for Clergymen's Sons. A list of these various asso- ciations, with the names of the officers, &c., will be found in the Directory, under the above head. COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES, &c. In viewing the vast industrial features of Newcastle, the absence of unity of object in its various manufactures never fails to attract the observation of the stranger. " It is not," says a popular writer, " as at Manchester, where cotton reigns supreme; or in the West Riding towns, where wool is the staple of industry; or at Sheffield, where steel is the be-all and do-all; or at Birming- ham, where everything imaginable is made from every imaginable metal ; or at the Staffordshire Potteries, w^here every one looks, and works, and thinks, and lives upon clay; or at Leicester, where stockings are regarded as the j^Twiumnioh He of society. It is not thus on the Tyne ; for though the collieries are beyond all others the characteristic features of the spot, yet their works are mainly subterranean : they seem to belong to a nether world, wliose fruits appear at the surface only to be shipped and railed away to other regions. But we may probably find that this rich supply of coal has been the main agent in inducing the settlement of manufacturers on the Tyne, for most of the large establishments are of a character which render a great consumption of coal indispensable." In treating of the various manufactories w^e will place the engineering establishments in the first rank. Establishments of wliich Newcastle mavbe SO^ HISTOEY OF KEWCASTLE-UPON-TTNE. justly proud, not from their antiquity, but from their connexion with the name of Stephenson. This town is in every respect the birth place of locomotives, and some of the largest and finest steam-engines in the world are erected here. No where could a more fitting place be found for this wonderful manufacture, than the home of the extraordinary men who, beyond all others, have been mainly instrumental in developing the railway system. Near the*spot where the viaduct crosses the Close to reach the Castle Hill, the works of Stephenson are situated. There are the open yards, surrounded by buildings, the forging and casting shops, where the rougher portions of metal are prepared; the filing and planing shops, in which the surfaces are smoothed and polished; and the fitting shops, where all these elements are brought together in proper relations. The materials are iron, copper, brass, steel, and a little wood — forging, casting, rolhng, drawing, boring, turniug, planing, drilling, cutting, filing, polishing, rivetting, — these are the processes, from and by the aid of which the mighty engine is constructed, which, according to the opinion of some, Southey foresaw w^hen he described " The Car of Miracle" which " I\roved along Instinct with motion ; by ^vliat wondrous skill Compact, no human tongue could tell, Nor human wit devise. Steady and swift the self-moved chariot went.'' Locomotives in every stage of progress meet the eyes on eveiy side. Here is one of these iron monsters without its chimney, another without its fire- box — another has a man inside it hammering aw^ay wdth all his might, another is having the pistons put in, to another side plates are being screwed on, another is being set on its legs — ^wheels w^e should say, — another is being painted, and there, a crane has taken up another in its strong embrace, drawing it bodily upw^ards on to a strong carriage, and it is ready to start off to perform its civilising, space annihilating work in the busy world out- side. A locomotive of the present time is both a njanufacturing and a com- mercial study. When we reflect that such a machine, contains more than 5,000 separate pieces of metal, and that its general price is about 2,000 guineas, and that one single railway company possesses more than 500 such machines, can we fail to observe the vast amount of manufacturing and commercial energy developed in this direction ? The following epitome of the life of the late George Stephenson, may not be deemed out of place in this part of our w^ork. He tells us that he vras a colliery boy in early life, and how as time rolled on, he became the breaksmau of Killingworth Colliery, at which time he commenced his educa- tion, and during the " night shifts " often employed his time in repairing the pitmen's clocks and watches for small charges. Speaking of this period of his hfe, he says, " I have v;orked my way — but I have worked as hard as any man in the world, and I have overcome obstacles which it falls to the lot of few men to encounter. I have known the day, when my son was a child, that after my daily labour was at an end; I have gone home to my COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES, ETC, S03 single room and cicaued clocks and watches, in order that I might be able to put my child to school. I had felt myself too acutely the loss of education, not to be sensible of how much advantage one would be to him," By degrees he contrived to make improvements in some of the engines, and this be- coming noised abroad, he soon had work enough to do. What with putting up steam-engines under-ground and mending those above-ground — what with laying down tramways, and mending horse-gins, and doctoring boilers for steam-engines — Geordie, (as he was called at that time) was on the tramway to fortane, and gave up mending watches, making shoes, cutting clothes, and all his old practices, except that of brightening up little Bobby, who was now become a thriving " cute lad." lie subsequently applied his mind to rail- ways, and his engine, the "Kocket," gained the prize of ^500 on the opening of the Livei'pool and Manchester Railway. In proportion as raihvays and locomotives increased so did his gains and fame — and, finally, the poor pit- man of KiUingworth, who thought his fortune was made w^hen his wages were advanced to twelve shillings per vfeek, became possessed of a handsome fortune and estate, and saw his son Robert becoming a great and wealthy man before he died, in August, 1848. Speaking of himself, he said, " I may say, without being deemed egotistical, that I have mixed with a greater variety of society than perhaps any other man living. I have dined in mines, for I was once a miner, and I have dined with kings and queens, and wdth all grades of the nobility, and have seen enough to inspire me with the hope, that my exertions have not been without their beneficial results — that my exertions have not been in vain." Such was George Stephenson, the trapper, breaksman, engineer, pump-doctor, locomotive engine manufacturer, and rail- way engineer of the first railways, and the father of that son w^hose name is, and will be, famous wherever railways are known. The next great feature of the Tyne industry is the manufacture of glass, which is made in immense quantities in and round Newcastle — not merely in one of its forms, but in every variety of plate -glass, sheet-glass, window- glass, flint-glass, and bottle-glass. We are informed by Bourne, that this branch of industry was established on the banks of the Tyne in the reign of Elizabeth — but, certain it is, that it was in full operation at the commence- ment of the 17th century, and Grey, waiting in 1649, makes mention of " the glass-houses at the Ewes Burne, where plaine glasse for windows is made, which serveth most parts of the kingdom." We must look for the settlement of this important branch of trade in this neighbourhood to the cheapness and abundance of coal, alkali, and sand, and to the fact of the vicinity of shipping ready to carry the manufactured produce to every part of the globe. Let us, therefore pay a visit to one of the establishments where glass is made, that we may acquire some knowledge of its manufacture. Speaking of the manu- facture oi plate glass, Mr. George Dodd sa3^s, "We seethe ingredients melt- ing in the clay vessels in the fiercely heated furnace — the transference of this melted material to the cuvette, or iron bucket, the wlieehng of the cuvette out of the fiery furnace on a minature railway — the tilting of the cuvette, so that it shall pour out its golden stream of molten glass on the level surface of the 204 HlSTORt OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TtNlJ. cdst-iron casting-table — and the cooling of this stratum into a sheet of solid glass, half-an-inch in thickness. We see this plate annealed in a carefully but not highly heated oven ; and then we follow it through the processes whereby, by the aid of wet sand, ground flint, and emery powder, it is ground and polished to the form of that most beautiful of all manufactured substances — a speckless, spotless, colourless, perfectly transparent sheet of plate glass. Or take the sheet'glsLSs department. Here we see the workman, when the ingredients are commingled and melted, dip a tube into the melted glass ; roll the glowing ductile mass on a smooth surface ; blow through the tube, to make the mass hollow within ; swing the tube and the glass to and fro like a pendulum, until the hollow mass asumes the shape of a cjdinder, and open the cyHnder into a large flat sheet of glass, by a most extraordinary train of manipulations. Or let common crown or icindow-gldiss be the object of our attention. Here we see the ingredients — chiefly sand alkali, and lime — melted in the furnace ; and the striking mode in which the workmen, after gathering eight or ten pounds of viscid glass on the end of a tube, blows and whirls and whirls and blows again, until the hollowed mass of glass suddenly flashes out into the form of a flat circular sheet. Or let it be flint-glsiss, where after a mass of the semi-liquid material has been blown hollow on the end of a tube, it is brought, by a few simple tools, to the form of a goblet, decanter, wine-glass, or other vessel, in a way that almost baffles the eye and the comprehension of the most attentive observer. Or, lastly, if bottle-glass be the form in which the material is produced, we see the mode in which the employment of cast- iron moulds is made to bear its share in the general routine of operations." Previous to the repeal of the glass duty in 1845, 14 companies were engaged in this branch of industiy, during the years 1846 and 1847 the number of companies was increased to 24, at present there are only 10. During the last year of the dut}^ (1844), the 14 companies then in existence, made 670 tons of crown and sheet glass, for which they paid £500,000 duty. The 10 companies now working, produce 35,500,000 feet annually, equal to 15,000 tons, value £225,000, being an increase of considerably more than cent per cent, and at a charge to the public of less than one-half the former duty. In pohshed plate there are six companies, being the same as existed in 1837, — their number has remained stationary but their production is estimated to have doubled. They now^ make 3,000,000 feet of pohshed plate glass annually, equal to 5,500 tons, valued at £450,000. The produce of the little Idngdom of Belgium, the greatest glass producing country in the world, is 50,000,000 feet of sheet glass annually, equal to 22,300 tons, or 25 per cent, more than is made in England, of both crown and sheet glass. They export of this quantity 85 per cent, of w^hich 6 per cent comes to England, and they retain 15 per cent, for home consumption. England retains 85 per cent, of its produce for home consumption, and exports 15 per cent, being about double Avhat she imports. The Chemical Works of the Tyne, though of comparatively modern intro- duction, hold a distinguished position among the manufactories of the north. We find them on both sides of the river stretching from Newcastle to COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES, ETC. 5205 Tyiiemouthj and we may form some notion of the extent and variet}^ of the marvelloiis transmutations which are taking place within them, from the numher of lofty chimneys whose summits are observahle in every direction. These establishments produce soda, potash, suphuric, muriatic, and nitric acids; chlorine, chloride of lime, alum, red-lead, &c., in great quantities. Some of these establishments are beautiful examples of scientific system, and present many striking features. In the preparation of sulphuric acid, for instance, there are in one establishment, leaden chambers employed, each two hundred feet in length, twenty in breadth, and twenty in height, — these are to contain the sulphur-yapour, from which the acid is afterwards formed. The same establishment possesses a platinum crucible, or still, in Avhicli acids are boiled, which cost as many guineas as it weighs ounces — one thousand ! The lead-works, again, are notable features. The lead produced by the rich mines of Alston Moor, and the dales of the Allen and the Wear, is smelted in ''pigs," or oblong blocks, in which condition it is brought to Newcastle, and here it is exposed to the operations of refining, shot-making, red-lead making, and white-lead making, or it is transformed into various forms of pipes, sheets, (fee. Nearly all lead contains a little silver; if the pro- portion be even so small as five ounces of silver to a ton of lead, it will repay the process of refining, and this refining is a delicate and beautiful process, in which the silver by its different mechanical and chemical properties, is separated httle by little from the lead. We find lead refining in this district mentioned so early as 1699. One of the principal sources of the celebrated Roger Thornton's wealth was the lead mines which he possessed in Weardale. This surmise is corroborated by the vast quantities of lead which he bequeathed to the various churches, monasteries, and other religious estab- lishments in Durham and Northumberland. Shot-making was carried on in the Manor-Chare in 1749, and the shot tower and lead works at Low Elswick were established in 1796. This curious process is well worth observing. We see how the melted lead is dropped through the holes of a kind of colander — how it falls into water at the bottom of a pit, perhaps a deserted coal-pit, one or two hundred feet in depth — how it here solidifies into small roundish drops— how these drops are first dried, and then sifted into different sizes — how the well formed shot are separated from the badly formed — and how they are finely churned in a barrel, with a little black-lead, to give them a polish. Potteries are also numerous in this busy place. Earthenware was pro- duced here as early as 1623, and in 1791 we find seven potteries in full operation. The potteries of the Tyne do not aim at the dainty and tasteful, they are content with the useful — their pots have to bear rough usage, and they are made roughly. There is abundance of cla}^ in the vicinity of the Tyne and the Wear, fitted to make the coarser description of pottery, and this circumstance, coupled with the abundance of coal and of shipping, enables the northern district to drive Staffordshire out of the market in supply- ing coarse goods to Germany, Denmark, and other northern countries. ^0'6 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE -UPON-TYNE; To enter into a description of all the branches of industry pursued in the viciuitj would indeed be a Herculean task, we will only add that, besides the manufactories just mentioned, there are oil mills, where oil is obtained, by pressui'e, from hnseed, hempseed, and rapeseed, — turpentine w^orks, where the rough substances, black and yellow resin, and the transparent oil of turpentine, are obtained by the distillation of the viscid turpentine which exudes from fir-trees, — starch works, where starch is obtained from flour, — also soap ^Yorks, — sail-cloth factories, — linen-yam factories, — and paper-mills. All require furnaces for carrjang on operations, and the abundant supply of coal in this district furnishes, as we have before remarked, a strong inducement to this localisation. Thus far have we sketched the trade of Newcastle, and although, no doubt, it is indebted to its position for much of its celebrity, yet we must principally attribute the proud station which it now occupies as a seat of commerce and manufac- tures, to the energetic exertions and enterprising spirit of its popula- tion, the products of whose industry are bartered for palm oil and ivoiy on the coast of Africa, are exchanged for tea in the ports of Hong Kong, for tallow and timber in the ports of the Baltic, for grain on the shores of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, and for hides and dye-wood, and cofiee and sugar, and the other products of the tropical regions, on the east and west coasts of America. By day is heard the piping whistle of the steam engine and the whirring of machinery — by night thousands of fires spread their red and lurid glare, through the coal-field district, lengthening, so to say, the day, which passes too quicldy for the restless energies of the modern Northumbrian s . Co^iMERCE. — The principal exports of Newcastle are coals ; lead, in its various forms and preparations ; glass, in its different varieties ; iron, in its various forms and conditions ; earthenware, bricks, fire-bricks, painters' colours, chemical preparations, soap, linen and linen-yarn, sailcloth, woollen goods, leather, ropes, machinery, coal-tar, and grindstones. The trade in most of these articles, particularly in chemicals and the various preparations of lead, has been rapidly increasing for some time. The foreign import trade, in consequence of the most valuable articles of foreign produce being received coastwise and by rail from Hull, London, and other places, deals almost entirely in bulky articles for consumption in the town, and a hmited circum- jacent district. Its chief articles are grain, timber, hides, hemp, flax, tallov^^ sulphur, bones, oak-bark, Dutch cheese, vrines, spirits, seeds, and fruits. The trade is much inferior to that of foreign exports, but it is rapidly increasing. In addition to the foreign and import, Nevrcastle possesses an extensive coasting trade, which consists chiefly in coals, and, next to them, in the same articles as those of foreign export. The principal additional articles are plate-glass, paper, bacon and butter, anchors and chain cables, and locomotive engines. The quantity and value of these goods are very large, and regular vessels are employed for their conveyance to London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Bristol, Hull, Dundee, Stockton, Yarmouth, and various Irish ports. CCrMMERCE AND MANUFACTUEES, ETC. S07 The Coal Trade.— The period at whicli the Newcastle coal was first worked is not kuovai with auy degree of certainty, but we find it first noticed in record by the charter of Hemy III. in 1245, which granted permission to mine it. It seems to have been known in the fourteenth century, not only in London, but also in France, though it did not become an article of com- merce till the latter part of the sixteenth century. About the commence- ment of the following century, the French are represented as trading to Newcastle for coal, in fleets of fifty sail at a time, serving the ports of Picardy, Normandy, Bretagne, &c., even so far south as Eochelle and Bourdeaux, vrhile other fleets, sailing to the ports of Bremen, Hol- land, and Zealand, supplied the inhabitants of the Low Countries. In the reigQ of Charles L, there was a great demand for coal in the metropolis, and we find from the ofiicial report of the Trinity House, Newcastle, that the exports for 1703 amounted to 48,000 Nev.xastle chaldrons. Vessels do not enter or clear at North and South Shields for the Tyne trade, but at Newcastle, of which those are the out-stations. The number of ships registered at Newcastle was, some years ago, 1,100, and their tonnage amounted to 221,276 tons. A coUier makes, on an average, nine or ten (and sometimes more) voyages to London in a year, and the arrivals in the Tyne annually are not less than 13,000 or 14,000 ; 10,000 of which are on account of the coal trade. A very fine marine picture may sometimes be witnessed from a bold promontory on the coast. If you take your station on Tynemouth Priory, a well-known ruin, placed upon a rock jutting into the sea, when the wind has changed after long-continned easterly gales, you may see many hundred vessels, mostly colliers, put to sea together, rejoicing at their freedom after having been long wind-bound. On one occasion, some three hundred vessels, all laden with copd, were observed making sail together in a single tide, and distributing themselves over the ocean, vvith their prows turned in almost every direction. Some were sailing southward and coastwise for Eng- lish ports, for the Channel, and for the southern countries of Europe ; others were pointing northward, for Scotland and the Norwegian coast; others steered due east, for Denmark and the Baltic ; and all were sinking deep in the water, weighed down by that mineral fuel which does more for our national advantage than auriferous sands and Peruvian or Mexican silver mines. These clingy and crawhng craft are, or were, the "nursery of the British sea- men," for being constantly at sea, winter and summer, they necessarily train up a race of hardy and practised mariners. But the naval nursery stands, or floats in danger of abolition. A new line of clipper screw steamers have been started, and have at once reduced the time and cost of transit. These, again, have to contend with serious rivals — the railways, which convey coal at one farthing a ton per mile, free from vexatious dues and duties, pri^dleges and monopolies, all of which hang over the vessels like birds of evil omen. At least, let one collier brig be preserved as a specimen of things that were, it may soon be a mere curiosity. The first steam collier entered the Thames in September, 1852, having run the distance from Newcastle in forty-eight hours. She consumed eight tons of coal on the voyage, and bfought 000 tons 208 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. as cargo, tlie wHole of which was discharged in the day, and the vessel went back for a further supply. The English coal is now sent to Vienna, and can he sold there cheaper than the Austrian coal, besides being far superior. Haeeoue. — We find that soon after the conquest records and charters were agreed upon, by which the width of the Tyne, near and below Newcastle, was divided into three parts, one of Avhich was assigned to the county of Northumberland, one to the bishopric of Durham, and the middle of the channel was to be free to all. This division of the river led to many contests for the ownership and government of this important stream, but the general course of modern legislation has been to give increased power to the Corpora- tion of Newcastle, whose jurisdiction formerly extended to high water mark on both sides of the river, from the sea to some distance above Newcastle, includ- ing the creeks of Seaton Sluice and Blyth, and consequently the trade and shipping of Gateshead, North and South Shields, Blyth, and Hartley. This jurisdiction was somewhat curtailed about five years ago, when Shields was created a distinct port. The Tyne, at Newcastle, has a mean breadth of about 420 feet — it so ebbs at low water as to leave belts of dry beach, yet affords even then a large extent of floating berth; it experiences a rise in spring tides of 1 2^ feet, and can bring up to the town at all times vessels of from 200 to 300 tons, and occasionally those of 400 tons. The dues exacted at the port are from 2s. 4d. to 3s. 4d. a voyage of harbour dues; from Is. to 4s. a voyage of ballast dues; 2d. per Newcastle chaldron on British ships, and Is. 4d. on foreign ships of export duty on coals ; certain dues called plankage and groundage on vessels loading and unloading, and export duties on grindstones, cinders, and salt. JMaekets and Faies. — The meat, vegetable, poultry, and butter markets, are held every lawful day in the splendid market buildings formerly noticed. The fish-market is held on the ground-floor of the Exchange on the Sandhill, Avhich place was fitted up for it in 1823, and is well supplied with every variety of fish. The wheat market is held every Tuesday and Saturday, in the large area near St. Nicholas's Church. The cattle and hay markets are held on Tuesday. The former is situated at the south end of West Clayton- street, in front of Marlborough Crescent, and Derwent Place, and the latter in an open area at the head of Percy-street. Fairs for horned cattle, sheep, and hogs ; and for cloth, and woollen and other goods, are held on August 12th and the following nine days, and October 29th and the foUowing nine days, and a town fair is held on November 22nd. A fair is held on the last Tues- day in May, and the first Tuesday in every month for the sale of lean cattle. Hirings for farm servants are held in Percy-street, on the first Tuesday in May and November. The Newcastle races are held annually in June, on the Town Moor, about a mile north of the tov»T.i. Companies, &c. — There are in Newcastle twelve companies called mysteries, viz., drapers, mercers, skinners, tailors, merchants of com or boothmen, bakers, tanners, cordwainers, saddlers, butchers, smiths, and fullers and dyers. There are also, by charter, fifteen companies, called by trades — masters COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES', ETC. 309 and mariners, weavers, "barber surgeons, shipwrights, coopers, house-carpenters, masons, glovers, joiners, millers, curriers, colliers, slaters, glaziers, and cutlers — the last is now extinct. There are likewise nine other companies — ■ merchant adventurers, hostmen, bricklayers, ropemakers, upholsterers, sail- makers, goldsmiths, scriveners, and grocers. The masters and mariners are better known under their denomination of the Masters and Brethren of the Trinity House. They are a corporate body and are said to have been originally a religious society. They had charters from Henry VIIL, Edward YI., Mary, Elizabeth, James I., Charles II., and James 11. ; and have the sanction, in the matter of hcensing pilots, of an act of parliament passed in the 41st year of the reign of George III. Their style and title under their last charter is " The Masters, Pilots, and Seamen of the Trinity House of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the county of Newxastle- upon-Tyne." They are authorised hj[ charter to receive prescribed dues for keeping two lights "the one at the entrance of the haven of the Tyne, and the other on the hill adjoining," and " to appoint pilots, collect primage, and support a number of poor brethren or their wives." Besides the two lights just mentioned, they also have beacons at Holy Island, Blyth, &c. They stiU exercise all these powers, and appoint and control pilots within the rivers and seas from Holy Island to Whitby. In the year 1505 they erected a residence for their poor brethren, buildings known as the Trinity House, which at present contains a hall, board room, library, school, chapel, and lodgings for the poor brethren. In the school, which is under the superin- tendence of Mr. Thomas Grey, the children of the poor receive a good education, the course of instruction embracing reading, mathematics, &c, The chapel is capable of accommodating 100 persons. CORPORATION, &c. In 1835, a bill received the sanction of the legislature for the " Regulation of Municipal Corporations in England and Wales," and by the provisions of this act, the old corporation of this borough was dissolved, and a new body established, which consists of a mayor, fourteen aldermen, and forty-two councillors, with the customary assistant officers. Under the authority of this Municipal Act, the borough is divided into eight wards, called the St. Nicholas's, St. John's, All Saints' West, All Saints' East, St. Andrew's South, St, Andrew's North, Westgate, and Jesmond. Six of these wards elect six councillors each, the two wards of Westgate and Jesmond only elect three each. The councillors retain the office for three years, but are eligible for re-election. A third of the number retire from office annually, and their vacancies are supplied by annual elections. The aldermen are now appointed by the councillors, and during their term of office, which is six years, they are members of the council, possessing no power or authority above the councillors. The mayor is elected aninially by the council, alder- men and councillors alone being ehgible. Previous to the passing of the §16 mSTORY OF 2vEWCASTLE-UPa^'-Tyi,'£.. above act, tlie mayor, recorder, aldermen, sheriff, and common council were chosen from among the freemen of the town, also', all the officers of the cor- poration, and none but freemen could seiwe on juries, but these pri^sileges are now enjoyed by the whole body of burgesses. The following is a sum- maiy of the various rights and privileges now enjoyed by the freemen of Newcastle. Freemen residing in the borough, or T^ithin seven miles of -the same, possess the right of voting at the election of members of parhament, and are exempt from the payment of tolls, and town and port dues. Free- men are also ehgible for uiembership in the various incoi-porated companies, several of which possess property to a very large amount. Each freeman, or widow of a deceased freeman, resident within the limits of the ancient borough, has the right of pasture for two milch cows upon the free commons. If a freeman's widow continues to carry on her husbands business, she enfranchises the apprentices left at his decease, she is also free from tolls, dues, (tc, the same as her husband was when li\ing. The rights of freemen are acquired by birth, apprenticeship, or by grant or gift fi-om the coi-poration. The Justices of the Peace now act under a commission from the crown, and are a distinct body from the aldeiTaen, who were formerly ex-officio justices of the peace. The burgesses are inhabitant householders ^vithin the borough, or vsithin seven miles of it, who have occupied premises rated to the rehef of the poor during the year preceding the last day of August, and the whole of each of the two preceding years. The quahfication of the councillors consists in the clear possession of property to the amount of £500, or being rated to the rehef of the poor upon the annual value of £15, and the quahfi- cation of the aldermen is the same as that of the councillors. The following is a list of the present coi-poration, borough magistrates, &c. BOROUGH OF NEWCASTLE. COEPOPiATION IX 185i-5. Isaac L. Bell, Mayor. G-eorctE Hutton "WrLKiNsoN, '-Recorder. Edwaed N. Geace, Sheriff. I Eobeet Y. Geeen, Under Sheiiff. Jow^ ClaytoXj Town Clerk. j "^'illl\i[ Ar^isiroxg, Treasurer. James Sillick. Thomas Emerson Headlam. Thos. Wm. Keenlyside. Ealph Dodds, James Dent Weatherley. ALDEEMEN. Sh John Eife. Joseph Hawks. James Hodgson. Henry Ingledew. Joseph Lamb. Nathaniel Grace Lambert. John Carr. William Armsti'ong, John Blackwell. eOEPORATION, ETC, Sit ST. NICHOLAS'S AV.IED. John Andei'son. John Bennet Alexander. John Featherstone Ayton. George Hunter. John Eajne. Joseph Laycock. SAIXT JOHX'S WARD. James Atkinson Locgridge. Thos. Lesslie Gregson. Isaac Burrell. WilHam Brown. John CaiT. Heniy Angus. ALL Saints' west waed. George Lamhert. T^'ilham Berkley. GOUNCILLORS. James Dale. Anthony Nichol. Anthony Parker. John Ormston. all saints' east waed. Thomas Hedley. Isaac Lowthian Bell. William Turner. David Bum. Charles Smith. ■\ Villi am Newton. t. Andrew's south w^\ed. I>Iark Lambert Jobling. Thomas Gray, Thomas Wilson. George Noble Clark. George Robinson. John Spoor. ST. ANDREW'S NORTH W^AED, Ralph Park Philipson. Benjamin Plummer. Joseph Armstrong. Charles Fred. Hamond. Edward Hall. John Gibson. w'estgatb ward. Henry Milvain. Robert Pattinson, jun. George Forster. jesmond ward. Matthew Thompson. EdAv. Nathaniel Grace. Thomas Ridley. ALDERMEN OF WARDS. St. Nicholas's Ward. — Henry Ingledew. St. John's Ward. — James Hodgson. All Saints' West Ward. All Saints' East Waed.- — John Carr. -John Blackwell. St. Andrew's South Ward. — Jas. Sillick. St. Andrew's North Y/ard. — T.E.Headlam Westgate Ward. — Jas. D. Yfeatherley. Jesmond Yvaed. — William Armstrong. Coroner — John George Stoker. Keeper of the House of Correction — Samuel Thompson Keeper of the Imperial Standard OF Weights and Measures. — Edward Redhead. Inspector of Coen Returns — T. Forsyth. Harbour Master — Simon Danson. Tow^N Surveyor — Thomas Bryson. Clerk IN the Ballast Offich — R.Pinkey. Clerk of the Committee of Revenue AND Expenditure — John J. Harrison. T. E. Headlam. Sir John Fife. ■^Yilliam Armstrong. Robert Plummer. Joseph Lamb. BOROUGH MAGISTRATES. James Sillick. Ralph P. Phihpson. Edward James. George 0. Atkinson. Robert Airey. John Bulman. John Carr. Henry Y'"est. James Hodgson. DEPUTY LIE^ENANTS FOR NEWCASTLE. W. Armstrong. Sir John Fife. George Fenwick. James Hodgson. Joseph Hawks. T. E. Headlam. Josej)h Lamb. Robert Plummer. Aubone Surtees. George Shadforth. Henry Y'est. Members of Parliament. — The present borough, as fixed by the Reform Act, includes tlie town and county of the town of Newcastle-upon-TAiie, and tlie townships of Elsmck, Westgate, Jesmond, Heaton, and Byker. The area of the borough is 5,336 statute acres — its population 87,784. Newcastle has sent two members to parliament since the year 198'2, when two of its " more wise and experienced citizens " were summoned to the parliament held at 21^ HISTOEt OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Shrewsbury. There have been many contests from time to time at parlia- mentaiy elections in Newcastle, and a good deal of party spirit has been manifested, but, happily, the feehng is not so virulent at present, nor does it appear at all when anything of a national, patriotic, or charitable object is brought forward : all petty quarrels are then forgotten, and the only emulation manifested is, who shall most powerfully contribute to the general weal, or be foremost in complying with the demands which benevolence makes upon them. The present representatives of the borough in parliament are, J. F, Blackett, Esq., and T. E, Headlam, Esq. GENERAL CHARITIES OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. The following account of the charities of Newcastle is extracted from the report of the commissioners appointed, in pursuance of acts of parliament, to inquire concerning charities in England and Wales, presented to parlia- ment in 1837. See also the particulars of the almshouses, schools, and other charitable institutions, at preceding pages. SixMPSONS Chaeity,— Alderman John Simpson, by his wdll, left the sum of £J00 at five per cent, to be paid to the ten oldest men in the Keelmen's Hospital on Christmas eve. The sum of £100 still remains in the hands of the donor's family, and the yearly sum of £5 is paid in respect thereof, and divided equally among the ten oldest keelmen, according to the mtentions of the donor. Newcastle is one of the twenty-four cities and towns to which Sir Thomas White gave, in rotation, the sum of £104, to be lent, in sums of £25, to four young freemen, without interest, for ten years, preference being given to clothiers, the odd £4 to be employed by the respective mayors, &c. "for their care and pains." This charity was established in 1566. Frankeleyn's Charity. — John Frankeleyn, by his wiH bearing date 19th November, 1572, directed that £100 should be delivered to the mayor and aldermen of Newcastle, and the four and twenty of the council of the said town for the time being, to be lent to one or two honest young men, upon good security, at £10 interest ; and he directed that of the said £10, £3. 6s. 8d. should be yearly given to the poor of the said town of Newcastle, by the appointment of the mayor and his brethren, and the twenty-four. That £3. 6s. 8d. should be yearly given to the alderman of Durham and his brethren, whereof 12d. every Sunday should be given to the prisoners in meat and drink, such as should be most meet and convenient for them, and 14s. 8d. yearly should be delivered by even portions to the curates and churchwardens of St. Nicholas's Church and St. Giles's Church, who should distribute the same to the most needy, aged, or impotent persons, men and women, in both the said parishes, against Christmas or Easter, and that the said mayor, aldermen, and four and twenty of the council of Newcastle should, yearly, deliver to the parson and churchwardens of Houghton-le-Spring, GENEEAL CHAEITIES* 213 four nobles, other part of the said £10, to be given fto the most poor and needy through the whole parish, at such day and times as the sum of four nobles was appointed to be given by his wife Jane, out of Cocken, and the rest of the said £10, being 40s., he directed should be given into the town chamber of Newcastle, and that the clerk of the said chamber should therewith pro^dde as much white or russet cloth as would make six large gowns for six aged men, to be given to such as should be most needy and least able to help themselves. Nothing is now given to the poor of the almshouses in Newcastle in respect of this charity, but the voluntary payments made to the different almspeople by the corporation far exceed the sum which the donor intended should be so applied. Maech's Chaeity. — By indenture, bearing date 5th June, 1595, between Kobert Atkinson and George Farnaby of the one part, and the mayor and burgesses of Newcastle-upon-Tyne of the other part, reciting that John March, by his will, gave £100 to be placed in the town chamber of New- castle, by Robert Atkinson and George Farnaby, his executors, to remain there for ever, the mayor and burgesses of the said town giving sufficient security to the said executors for employing the same in the manner therein- after mentioned, viz., that the said £100 should yearly, or every second year at furthest, be lent out by the mayor and burgesses unto the honestest and least wealthy of the young men of the fellowship or company of merchants, or any other free burgess inhabiting the town and county of Newcastle-upon- T}Tie, upon good security for repayment of the same, with £10 interest for the use thereof, and for the duly employing of the said £10, according to the will of the said John March, and further reciting that the said mayor and burgesses ha\ing received the said £100, they covenanted that they would let out the said £100 to one, two, three, or more persons, as mentioned in the said will, and that they would take £10 a year for the use thereof, and pay the same according to the will of the said John March, viz., £5 thereof yearly to the poorest and neediest of the inhabitants of Newcastle, at the discretion of the mayor and burgesses, and their successors ; and the other £5 to be paid and distributed amongst the poor people inhabiting and dwelling in the parish of Heighington, in the county of Durham, on a certain day yearly, by the said mayor and burgesses, to be appointed for the same. The sum of £100 is not now lent out by the corporation of Newcastle to a poor freeman of the Merchants' Company, at ten per cent, according to the intentions of the donor, and nothing is paid in respect of this money, except the yearly sum of £4 to the parish of Heighington. Chaeities op Millbank and othees. — The following is the substance of certain entries in the cash books of the corporation of Newcastle, relating to the gifts of Mark Millbank, Esq., William Carr, Esq., and John Rulnne3^ April, 1679. — Received of the executors of Alderman Mark Millbank, which he left to the town by his will, £200, and £18, the interest since his decease, was distributed to several poor people, for which £200 the town pays interest at gix per cent to the four churches of this to\vn half-yeaily. ^14 HISTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Majj 1679.— Received of Mrs. Jane Carr, the relict of William Carr, Esq. and Alderman, deceased, the sum of £100 to be disposed half yearly to the four churches, at Easter and Michaelmas. £3 half yearly interest, is paid by the corporation, at the rate of six per cent. October, 1695. — Mr. John Rumney having by his will, dated 34th March, 1693, bequeathed £"^50 to the mayor and burgesses of the town and county of Newcastle, upon trust to put out the same, and distribute the interest as follows, viz., one fifth part thereof to the master, brethren, and sisters of the hospital of the Holy JesuSj in Newcastle, another fifth part to the poor and necessitous inhabitants within the parochial chapehy of St. John, another to the poor and necessitous inhabitants T\ithin the parochial chapeliy of All Saints, another to the poor and necessitous inhabitants of the parochial cliapelry of St. Andrew, and the residue to the poor and necessitous inhabi- tants within the parish of St. Nicholas. The sum of £250 is received into the hutch, and £12. 10s. Od. per annum is paid on account thereof. In respect of these donations there vrere paid by the chamber clerk to the churchwarden of St. Nicholas, at the period of the Charity Commissioners' inquiry, the following sums, viz., in respect of Mark Millbauk's gift for the poor of the four parishes in Newcastle, £12; in respect of William Carr s for the same places, £6 ; in respect of Rumney's for the same places, and the Hospital of the Holy Jesus, £12. lOs. Od. There Vv-as also paid to the church- warden of St. Nicholas by the chamber clerk the following sums as the charities of the persons hereafter named ; but there is no account of the origin thereof, viz.. Sir Alexander Davison's gift for the four parishes in Newcastle, £8 ; Sir Thomas Davison's for the same parishes, £4 ; and Sir Mark Millbank's to the parishes of St. Nicholas and All Saints, £12. Total £54. 10s. Od. This sum is divided as follows :— To the poor of the parish of St. Nicholas, £16; to the poor of All Saints' parish, £16 ; to the poor of St. Andrew's, £10; to the poor of St. John's parish, £10; and to the Hospital of the Holy Jesus, £2 10s. Od. Fenwick's Chaetty.— We possess no information relating to the origin of this charity, but the sum Of £1 is paid annually, at Christmas, by the chamber clerk, as the gift of John Femvick, Esq., to the governor of the jail, who divides it equally amongst all the prisoners. Carr's Charity.— Wilham Carr, by his will, bearing date 11th April, 1660, bequeathed to the governor and wardens of the Company of Merchant Adven- turers of the town of Newcastle, £200, upon condition that they should give security to his executrix that the same should be lent from time to time for ever to merchants only, who should give good security for the repayment thereof at the end of five years after they should receive the same, and that no merchant should have a greater portion thereof than £50 ; and he de- clared his mind to be, that his heir should from time to time have power to nominate one of the said merchants. This sum, £200, the Charity Commissioners stated to be in the hands of ' the Company of Merchants, ready to be applied according to the directions of the donor, but the advant^e attending the lom, is not sufficient to induce GENERAL CHARITIES. '" 215 persons to P^Dplv for it. Notice is occasionally given at the meetings of the compahj that this money is ready for the above mentioned purpose. Chaeitt of Thomas Davison, tpie Elder. — Thomas Davison, the elder, by his will, bearing date 25th November, 1675, devised to the governor, as- sistants, vrardens, and fellowship, of Merchant Adventurers of the town of Newcastle, and their successors, all his leazes and ridges of land lying in a place called Castle Fields or Castle Leazes, without the walls and within the liberties of the said town, upon condition that they should yearly, before the 16th day of December, pay to the churchvrardens of All Saints' in the said town, 13s. 4d., to the churchwardens of St. John's, £1 6s. 8d., and to the churchwardens of St. Andrew's, £1, and should distribute the surplus of the yearly revenue in the month of December, at the discretion of the said governor, assistants, and wardens, amongst the poor brethren and sisters of the said company. In a report of all the charities in which the Company of j^Ierchants are interested, entered in their journal book, under the date of 1780, after giving an extract of the above-mentioned will, it is stated that the lands therein mentioned were sold to the corporation in consideration of the yearly rent of £14. This sum is paid by the treasurer of the corporation to the Merchants' Compan}^ who pay yearly to the churchwardens of the parish of All Saints 13s. 4d., to the churchwardens of the parish of St. John, £2. 6s. 8d., and to the churchwardens of the parish of St Andrew, £1. The remaining £10 is disposed of with the produce of Timothy Davison's Charity, amongst the poor of the company. Of late years there has been only one or tv;d persons belonging to the company and falling within this description. Timothy Davison's Charity. — Timothy Davison, by his will, bearing date 7th February, 1694, bequeathed to the governor, assistants, and wardens of the Merchant Adventurers of Newcastle, £300, to be secured to his executors thereinafter named, on trust, that they and their successors should yearly, in the month of December, distribute to the poor brethren and sisters of the said company, £12, such as should have been traders and fallen into decay to have the preference before others, and should also distribute in the said month to the four parishes of St. Nicholas, All Saints, St. John, and St. Andrew, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, £6, to each parish 30s. to be distributed to credible freemen or freemen's widows (not of the Merchants' Company) fallen into de- cay, of such persons as should be returned to be needy by the minister and churchwardens of the several parishes respectively, such distribution to be made at the discretion of the governor, assistants, and wardens for the time being, and to be recorded yearly in the company's journal book in what manner and to whom the same should be distributed. The sum of £300 is placed in the hands of the corporation of the town of Newcastle, at four per cent interest, and the produce being £12 per annum, is paid to the Company of Merchants, and divided by them in the same proportions as the interest at six per cent was directed by the testator to be disposed of, viz. : — To the four parishes named in the will, £1 each ...... £4 To the poor of the company ..,...,,,., ,,..i,..,. 8 916 HISTORY OP NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. The sum of £8 is disposed of to the poor of the company, with that por- tion of the charity of Thomas Davison above mentioned, which was directed to be applied in the same manner. The sums appropriated to the four parishes are paid to the respective parish officers, to be distributed by them. Charities of William and Henry Warmouth. — William Warmouth, Esq., who died 22nd July, 1642, by his will, bequeathed to the town of Newcastle, £100, for the use and benefit of the society of Merchant Ad- venturers, to be disposed of by the common council of the town, in the following manner. ""Imprimis. That the council should make choice of a man free of the Company of Merchant Adventurers, being the son of a freeman of that town, of good and sober behaviour and godly conversation — and for default of such an one, that they should, in the next place, make choice of one that had acquired his freedom by service, but if such could not be found amongst the company, then in the third place, that they should choose some merchant through casualty decayed in his estate — but that before all others they should prefer a young freeman by patrimony. " Secondly. That the merchant so made choice of, being in the sound judgment of the common council not worth in lands or goods £100 in all the world, should have the benefit and use of this £100 for three years complete, and no longer, " Thirdly. That before he should receive the £100 he should enter bond to the town, with three sufficient sureties besides himself, to repay the said sum into the town chamber at the expiration of three years. " Fourthly. That the common council having received the said sum should put it out again in like manner. " Fifthly. That the csmmon council should not put out the said sum twice to the same person, but that it should pass from merchant to merchant as before expressed, it being the intent of the said William Warmouth to have it so disposed of, hoping that by so doing it might be a means to raise many a good merchant, he himself having no more than £100 to begin with when he first adventured beyond the seas. " Sixthly. It was the desire of the donor, that the common council should give the town's seal for an acknowledgment of the receipt, as also for the assurance to perform the said articles — and likewise ihat from time to time there should be a record kept in the town chamber wherein all the names might be entered of those who should receive benefit by that or any other gift of that nature." Heniy Warmouth, by his will, as appears by an entiy, without date, in the journal of the Company of Merchant Adventurers, gave to the mayor, aldermen, and common council of Newcastle, the sum of £100, to be disposed of by them to ancient decayed merchants of that town, in like manner as the £100 was disposed of, which his father, WilHam Warmouth, deceased, j)ut into the chamber of the town. The sum of £100, left by William Warmouth, is in the hands of the corporation of the town of Newcastle, It very rarely happens that any : Urn dil . General charities. Mf person qualified according to the directions of the will makes application for a loan. Some years ago it was lent to a poor brother of the Merchants' Company, and when it was paid in there was no person qualified to take it out again. The corporation have therefore paid four per cent for the money to the Company of Merchants, for w^hose benefit this charity was intended, and the amount is carried to the general account of the company. It appears from the corporation books, that the £100 left by Henry War- mouth, was lent 21st April, 1742, to Henry Eden, and there is no trace of its ha\dng ever been repaid. Rumney's Charity. — John Rumney, by his will, as appears by an extract thereof in the journals of the Merchants' Company, without date, bequeathed to the Company of Merchants, £100, to the intent that the same might, from time to time, upon reasonable security for the repayment thereof, be lent to some younger trading member or brother of the said company, for any time not exceeding the term of three years, without paying any interest for the same. The above-named John Rumney was probably the same person whose will, bearing date 14th March, 1693, has been already noticed under the head of Charities of Mfilbanks and others. The sum of £100 is now lent out according to the directions of the donor. Atkinson's Charity. — Joseph Atkinson, Esq., by his will, bearing date 13th March, 1712, gave to the Company of Merchant Adventurers, £100, to be lent to a brother upon reasonable security, without interest. The directions of the donor with regard to this charity are strictly carried out. Charity of Thomas Davison, tbe Younger. — By deed poll, bearing date 19th August, 1755, reciting that the mayor and burgesses of the town of Newcastle had given a bond, bearing date 29th July, 1755, to Thomas Davison, with condition thereunder written, for securing the sum of £500 with interest at the rate of four per cent, the said Thomas Davison declared that the said bond w^as taken in his name, upon trust, to pay the interest of the said £500 from time to time as and whenever the same should amount to' £50, to any son of a merchant, or young man, who should have served his apprenticeship to a merchant in NewTastle, being a freeman of the Company of Merchants in the said town, to enable him to set up the trade of a merchant there ; such person to be from time to time nominated, after the death of the persons therein named, by the mayor, aldermen, sheriff, and common council of Newcastle, in common council assembled : and that, in case the said £500 should at any time be paid in, the same should be placed out at interest, upon security, in the name of the said Thomas Davison, his executors or administrators, and the interest thereof applied in like manner. The sum of £500 still remains in the hands of the corporation. The Governor of the Company of Merchant Adventurers keeps an account of the interest arising thereon, and whenever it amounts to £50 he announces the same to the company, and an application is thereupon made to the mayor, aldermen, and common council, who select such person, being a freeman of the said company, and otherwise qualified according to the directions of the donor, as they think fit, and the sum of £50 is paid to him to enable him to set up his trade. o 2 318 HISTORY Oi* ySWcASTLE-CPON-TYHE. PAROCHIAL CHARITIES. Besides the Charity Schools, and their portion of the general charities, each parish possesses several bequests for charitable purposes, which we subjoin in a tabular form, for the convenience of reference : — ST. NICHOLAS'S PARISH. Date; Donors and nature of gifts. To Avliat purposes applied. Annual value. 1648. Andrew Aldworth (rent charge) most needy householders... £ 10 1660. William Carr (rent charge) ... poor generally 2 1675. T. Davidson, the elder (rent ch.) poor 1 12 6 1679. Sir W.Blackett (rent charge)., poor. 200 1694. Timothy Davison (interest) ... decayed fieemeu, or free- men's widows 1 1710. Nicholas Pddley (rent charge)... aged and decrepid poor 1 10 1716. Matthew White (rent charge) . ten poor housekeepers...... 1 10 q 1717. Wrightington and others (£ 5 9 0) poor generally 23 10 1782. — Douglas (rent charge) poor 20 1786. — Yernol (rent charge) poor housekeepers 2 . — Johnson (£4) ..^ poor generally 4 Total......... ...£56 ALL SAINTS' PAKISH. 1585. Thomas Smith (rent charge)... poor 2 9 6 1658. L. Carr (rent charge) poor 10 1660. W. Carr (rent charge) poor 10 1661. John Cosyn (rent charge) poor frequenting church, in bread,weeldy, after morn- ing service, £5 4s. Od. residue to repairs of church 10 4 1673. David Sheavill (rent charge)... poor 3 10 1675. T. Davison, the elder (interest) poor 13 4 . Johnson (interest) poor 4 1679. Sir W. Blacket (rent charge)... poor 2 1692. John Collier (rent charge) poor 3 1693. Richard Hutchinson (rent ch.) poor 5 1694. Timothy Davison (interest) ... freemen or freemen's widows 10 1694. Geo. CoUingwood (rent charge) two poor widows 2 1710. Nicholas Ridley (rent charge)., most aged and decrepidpoor 10 1711. Robert Fenwick (rent charge), poor 4 1712. John Bee twelve poor widows 6 Carried forward .£42 10 10 I^AROCHIAL CHARITIES. ' ^19^ ALL SAINTS' PARISH (Gontiuued). Date. Donors and nature of gifts. To what purposes applied. Annual value. Brouglit forward £42 10 10 1716. Mattliew White ten housekeepers on Christ- mas-day 10 1736. Woodman (rent charge)... poor ;. 12 1780. Thomas Lemon (£100) poor.. 3 '™_'|Holmesafid others (£600) ... poor 26 8 Total ....j£73 10 10 ST. ANDRETf 'S PARISH. 1648, Andrew Aldwor th (ren t charge) most needy housekeep ers . . . 1675. T. Davison, the elder (interest) poor generally 1679. Sir W. Blackett (rent charge) . poor generally 1694. Timothy Davison (interest) ... freemen or freemen's widows 1710. Nicholas Pddley (rent charge)., most aged decrepid poor . . . 1716. Matthew White (rent charge). . two poor housekeepers on Christmas-day Johnson (interest) poor generally ; . . . . Allgood and others (£420) poor generally 16 Church tenements (rent and rent charge) churchwarden's account ... 33 1 2 Total ..^..£56 1 2 ST. JOHN'S PARISH. 1648. Andrew Aldworth (rent charge) most needy housekeepers . . » 1675. T.Davison, the elder (interest) poor generally 1679. Sir W. Blackett (rent charge). . poor Johnson (interest) poor 1694. Timothy Davison (interest) ... freemen or freemen's widows 1710. Nicholas Ridley (rent charge)., most aged decrepid poor ... 1716. Matthevf White (i*ent charge). . ten poor housekeepers on Christmas-day 1717. Percival (rent) poor 1717. Rev. G. Ritschell (rent charge) forty poor widows, Is. each on St. Thomas's da}" ... 1 4 6 16 various ^'^Jg^^[Wrightson and others (£290) poor generally 1 1 6 8 2 4 1 1 1 6 2 1 12 Total ...£2: Total of the fouv Paiishes. ....... ...£213 I 2 220 HISTOEY Of kewcastle-upok-tyne. WoETHTES. — Amongst the eminent men wlio occn-py niclies in tlie New- castle Temple of Fame, or were distinguished for their piety, literary attain- ments, or proficiency in the arts or sciences, and who were born or flourished here, we find the following : — Thomas Bewick, the celebrated wood engraver, was born in the year 1753, at Cherryburn, near Ovingham, in this county, and manifesting at an early age a great proficiency in drawing, he was bound apprentice to Kalph Beilby, a distinguished engraver of Newcastle. He cut in wood the mathematical diagrams for Hutton's Mensuration, which was published in Newcastle in 1770 ; but the work which first brought him into notice was his wood-cut of *' The Old Hound," which gained the prize of seven guineas from the Society of Arts in 1775. Shortly after the termination of his apprenticeship he was taken into partnership by his master, and in the year 1790 appeared his "History of Quadrupeds." This was followed by "The British Birds," and the "Fables of^sop," the last of his published works. Mr. Bewick pos- sessed a rare union of talent, being a naturalist, a draughtsman, and an engraver. He died at his house in Gateshead, on the 8th November, 1828, in the 76th year of his age. SiE Waltee Blackett was born December the 29th, 1708. On the 13th of October, 1733, he was admitted to the freedom of Newcastle, and was mayor of that town in 1735, 1748, 1756, 1764, and 1771; high-sheriff of Northumberland in 1732, and M.P. for Newcastle in 1734, 1741, 1747, 1754, 1768, and for the seventh time in 1774. He was a munificent con- tributor to public works and private charities, and was one of the most earnest supporters of the Newcastle Infirmary at its establishment in 1751, when he subscribed £200 towards its erection, and £50 per annum in support of the institution. Five years afterwards he made another donation of £1,000. His works and charities are still the theme of common conversation. He died in Loudon on the 14th February, 1777, in the 69th year of his age. The Rev. Heney Bouene, author of " Antiquitates Vulgares," was a native of this town. In early life he was bound apprentice to a glazier, in the Side, in Newcastle, but evincing a disposition for letters, his master cancelled the indentures, and he was again sent to school, and \Yas admitted a sizar in Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1720. Having taken his degree, he returned to Newcastle, and was appointed cm^ate of All Saints', where he officiated till his decease in 1733. Besides the work above mentioned he was the author of " A Treatise upon the Collects, Epistles, and G-ospels of the Book of Common Prayer," in 1727 ; and " The History of Newcastle," in 1736. This last was not published till three years after the author's death. The Rev. John Beand was a resident of Newcastle. He was born on August 19th, 1744, at Washington, in the county of Durham, where his father Alexander Brand was parish clerk. On his mother's death he came to reside with his maternal uncle, Anthony Wheatley, cordwainer, residing in the Back Row, Newcastle, to whom he was bound apprentice in September, 1758. He was educated at the Grammar School, then under the able direction of the Rev. Hugh Moises, by whose interest he was sent to the University of Oxford, where he obtained the degi^ee of B.A, Having been EMINENT MEN. 23 t ordained, he became cid'ate of Bolam iu this county, and was subsequently- transferred to the curacy of St. Andrew's, in Newcastle. He was afterwards presented with the curacy of Cramlington, and at the time of his demise in September, 1806, he was rector of the united parishes of St. Mary at the Hill, and St. Andrew Hubbard in the city of London, and resident secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. Mr. Brand was the author of the following works, ^iz : — " Obseiwations on Popular Antiquities, including the whole of Mr. Bourne's Antiquitates Vulgares, with Addenda to every chapter of that work : as also, an Appendix, containing such articles on the subject as have been omitted by that author," 8vo. ; A "History of Newcastle," and several minor publications. Yice-Admieal Loed Collingwood, was born at Newcastle, in ] 750. He was the friend and confidant of the gallant Nelson, after whose fall at the battle of Trafalgar, Admiral Collingwood completed the victory in the most gallant style, for which conduct, November 24th, 1805, the freedom of the City of London and a sword valued at two hundred guineas, were voted to him. The same year, the common council of Newcastle voted him a piece of plate valued at one hundred and fifty guineas, and the master and brethren of Trinity House, presented him with the freedom of that corporation in a gold box. He also received a splended present from the Newcastle Armed Associated Voluntary Infantry, for his meritorious conduct on the same occasion. He died off Minorca, on board the Yille de Paris, on the 7th May, 1810. His remains were interred in St. Paul's Cathedral. John Scott, Eael of Eldon, High Steward of the University of Oxford, a Governor of the Charterhouse, and a member of the Privy Council, D.C.L., F.K.S., and F.S.A., was born at his father's house in Love Lane, Newcastle, on the 4th June, 1751. John, who was the youngest of the family, like his brother William, was educated at the Grammar School of Newcastle, but at an early age he quitted it for the University of Oxford, where he matriculated, at University College, on May 1 5th, 1766, being then in his fifteenth year. While there he received the assistance of his brother's private and public tuition, and to such good account was it turned that in July, 1767, he was elected a fellow of his college. He took the degree of B.A. in 1770, and in the following year gained the Chancellor's prize of twenty guineas, for an English essay " On the Advantages and the Disadvantages of Foreign Travel." In 1773, Scott was admitted a student of the Middle Temple, but as yet he resided principally at Oxford, and in order to add to his income at that time, he took part in the tuition of University College, with his brother and Mr. Fisher, afterwards the master of the Charterhouse. He also read lectures as deputy of the Vinerian Professor of Common Law, in the years 1774-1776. He then applied himself exclusively to the study of the law — he was called to the bar in 1776, and within seven years after, received a silk gown. In 1783 he obtained a seat in parliament for Weobly, through the Lord Chancellor Thurlow's interest with Lord Weymouth. In 1788 he was made Solicitor- general and knighted, and on the promotion of Sir Archibald Macdonald to the office of Chief Baron of the Exchequer, in February 1793, Sir John Scott was made Attorney-general. Six years afterwards he\Yas raised to the peerage by S23 HISTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, the title of Baron Eldon, and appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and in 1801, he became Lord Chancellor of England. This important office he held till 1806, when Erskine succeeded him under the administration of "All the Talents." On the 1st. of April, 1807, he was re-appointed, and from this period he continued in office until i^-pril 30th, 1 827, altogether nearly twenty-five years. On his resignation in 1827, he received from George IV. a present of a superb silver vase as a token of respect, and in 1821, on the coronation of that king, he was promoted to the dignity of Viscount Encombe and Earlof Eldon. For a few years after his resignation Lord Eldon continued to attend the House of Lords, and on important occasions he took part in the debates, occasionally with the vigour of his early days, but as old age increased, his attendance became less frequent, and domestic bereavements were added to infirmities. The loss of his favourite son in 1832, was a severe blow, and the state of his brother. Lord. Stowell, was a farther most bitter affliction. At length in January, 1838, he expired from the effects of age, calmly and without pain, at his house, Hamilton Place, London, in the 87th year of his age. The Rev. Richard Dawes. — This distinguished scholar and critic, was born at Stapleton, in Leicestershire, and entered Emanuel College, in the Univer- sity of Cambridge, in 1725. He obtained the degree of M.A. in 1733, and in 1738 was appointed head master of the Royal Grammar School, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He w^as appointed master of the Hospital of St. Mary the Virgin, in the sam^e year. While occupying these offices, he was indefatigable in prosecuting his inquiries into the nature, peculiarities, and structure of the Greek tongue, and accordingly he published his "Miscellanea Critica." By this work he obtained a very high position among those who have contributed to the promotion of Greek learning in England. He died at Heworth Shore, on the 2lst of March, 1766, aged 57 years. |^~ Charles Hutton, L.L.D., F.R.S. was bom in Percy-street, Newcastle- upoii-Tyne. Like many others he was entu'ely a self-taught ma,thematician. In the early part of his hfe he worked as a hewer in Old Long Benton Collieiy, but not being able to continue at such laborious employment, he opened a school in Jesmond village, and afterwards removed to Xew'castle, where he taught \nth. great success till 1773, when he was appointed by the Board of Ordnance to the professorship of mathematics in the Royal Militaiy Academy, Woolwich. The following year he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. His publications were very numerous, and for a long period have occupied a very high position as mathematical treatises. He died at his house in Bedford Row, London, on the 27th Januar}', 1823, in the 86th year of his age. The Rev. Hugh Moises, A.M. was for manj^ year^ head master of the Ptoyal Grammar School in this towm, and justly celebrated for his laborious and successful discharge of the important duties attached to his position. Among his pupils we find the names of the Earl of Eldon, Lord Stowell, Lord Collingwood, and several other eminent persons. He resigned the mastership of the Grammar School on June 14th, 1787, when his pupils presented him with an eslegant and yaluable diamond ring, on which was engraved the EMINENT MEN. '23^ following motto:— Optime Moeenti. He died in Northumberland-street, Newcastle, on the 5th July, 1806, in his 85th year. William Scott, Loed Stowell, was born on the ITtli of October, 1745, old style, at Hevrorth, in the county of Durham. His mother was Jane, daughter of Mr. Henry Atldnson, hostman, and his father William Scott, a substantial coal-fitter and merchant, residing in Loye Lane, Newcastle. Owing to the rebellion that broke out in 1745, and the alarm then prevalent in Newcastle, which had been fortified against the pretender, his mother, when in an advanced state of pregnancy, was lowered in a basket from the town wall, into a boat wlrich lay in waiting to convey her to Heworth, on the southern shore of the Tyne, where William, the future Lord Stow- ell, was born shortly afterwards. Mr, Tvriss, however, gives tw-o stories, which have been current on this subject; and though the above is the more romantic and more popularly-believed version, he accepts one, in which the contents of the basket are said to have been — not the lady, but the medical practitioner who was to attend her at Heworth. In consequence of this, New^castle w^as deprived of the honour of being his birth-place, yet otherwise the circumstance was pro- ductive of good ; it rendered him eligible when at Oxford for a Durham scholarship, and that was the stepping-stone to his further honours. He received his early education at the Grammar School of Newcastle, then under the able tuition of the Kev. Hugh Moises, a gentleman of high classical attainments, as well as possessed of the happy art of gaining the affections of his scholars. To the advice of this excellent man both Lord StoweU and Lord Eldon were indebted for being sent to Oxford. Li 1761, William Scott was matriculated at that University, having gained a Durham scholarship at Corpus Christi College, and in November 1764, he took the degree of B.A. In the following month he was elected Probationary Fellow of University College, and at the age of twenty was appointed college tutor. In 1767 he took his Masters degree, and in 1772, he became B.C.L., having determmed to follow the Civil Law as a profession. In the year 1774 he was elected Camden Eeader of Ancient History, vacant by the death of Mr. Warneford, and " never," says a writer in the Law Magazine, " were the duties of the pro- fessorship so ably filled since its first institution in 1662. His lectures are said to have been attended by the largest concourse of academics ever known, who were equally delighted ' with the classical eloquence of his style, the admirable arrangement of his subject, and the luminous information conveyed by him. In these particulars they successfully competed with the course of lectures dehvered by the Vinerian Professor, Blackstone, which they equalled in popularity." In 1776, Scott withdrew from the arduous duties of tutor and devoted himself more particularly to those studies wdiich were happily blended with the enquiries of the professor. Until 1779 he remained at Oxford, but in that year he took the degree of D.C.L., and enrolled himself a member of the College of Doctors at Law practising in the Ecclesiastical and Adi^iiralty Courts. Shortly after his first settling in the metropolis he became enrolled amongst the wits, in an age that could boast of Dr. Johnson, Sir William Jones, and Sir Joshua Pie3'nolds. In 1783, he was appointed Registrar of the Court of Faculties, and in 178S he was selected by the ^M HISTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Bishop of London, to be judge of the Consistory Court. In the same year he was advanced to the office of Advocate General, and received the honour of knighthood, he was chosen Master of the Faculties in 1790, and in 1798 was created Judge of the High Court of Admiralty. On the coronation of George IV., Sir W. Scott was raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Stowell, and in 1828 he retired into the calm seclusion of private life. He died at Early Court, in Berkshire, on Thursday the 96th of January, 1836, in the 91st year of liis age. POST OFFICE, NEWCASTLE. Charles Headlam, Esq., Postmaster. AERIVALS. From Benton and Earsdon 4 London, and places South, Ireland, North & South Shields & Sunderland 7 ■ Sunderland, and North and South Shields 5 Edinburgh and places north 5 Carlisle, and places west 5 Seaton Burn, Benwell, and BuUman VUlage 4 Kyton and Winlaton 4 North Shields, (Howden, WiUington, and Wallsend) 4 35 & 9 Kenton, Ponteland, Belsay, Kirkwhelpington, &c 9 Edinburgh, and places north 10 London, and places south 5 On Sundays — Erom Carlisle, and places west LI No Arrivals from the South on Sunday Night. DEPARTURES. 45 p.m. 2 a.m. 5 p.m. 40 p.m. 15 p.m. 45 p.m. 45 p.m. 30 p.m. 30 p.m. 20 p.m. 5 p.m, 40 a.m. To Edinburgh, and places north, and North and South Shields „ Hexham, and places east of Carlisle „ Benton, Earsdon, Howden, Willington, Wallsend, Byton, Ponteland, Walbottle, Seaton Burn, Hed- don, and Kirkwhelpington „ North Shields „ London and the south, Hull, Scarborough, Whitby, and Harrogate, Cumberland and West of Scot- land, Sunderland, and South Shields „ London and the south, Ireland, Sunderland and South Shields 5, Carlisle, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and West of Scotland „ Edinburgh, and places north „ Hexham On Sundays — To Carlisle Letter Box Closes at 6 30 a.m 9 45 a.m, 7 30 a.m, 5 5 p.m, 5 5 p.m. 10 p.m. 1 p.m. 4 20 p.m, 10 Op.m, 4 20 p.m. Fee on each letter Id. until 6 45 a.m 5 30 p.m. 5 30 p.m. after which hour no Letters are received. 4 35 p.m. 4 40 p.m. Departures. 7 a.m. 10 a.m. 5 45 p.m, 5 45 p.m. 10 35 p.m. 1 45 p.m. 4 45 p.m. 6 30 a.m. 4 45 p.m. No despatch to the North on Sunday nights. There is a General Delivery, by the Letter Carriers, at 8 50 a.m. and 6 30 p.m. On Sundays. — The Town Deliveries are at the Letter Carriers' Window from 8 30 till 10 a.m. The Town Eeceiving Houses, at Ban-as Bridge, Westgate, St. Ann's and Quay- side, are cleared twice each day (except Sunday), at 4 5 p.m. and 9 p.m. Money Order Office open every day (except Sunday) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.; fee on sums -not exceed- ing £2, 3d.; exceeding £2 and not exceeding ^5, 6d. DIRECTORY OP NEWOASTLE-UPON-TYNE. AARONSON Lewis, picture dealer, 24, Carliol-street Abbot John, iron merchant, ho. 2 Ellison-pl Abbs Cooper, solicitor, 51, Westgate-street AeasterStephen,vict.P/oM^/il7in,Spicer-lane Adams Ann, yict. Royal Oak, St. Lawrence Adams James, draper, 17, Stowell-street Adams Eobert Kenjaniin, baker. Cut bank AdamsonChas. Murray, sol. (J.Adamson& Sons); ho. Crag Hall, Jesmond Adamson John, solicitor (J. Adamson and Sons); ho. Yictoria-terrace Adamson John, and Sons, solicitors, 17, Clayton-street West Adamson William, sohcitor (J. Adamson & Sons); ho. Tynemouth Addison John, prov. dealer, 11, Marlbro'-st Addy Eobert, marine store dealer, Percy-st Affleck James draper, 85, Blandford-street Affleck Mrs. Mary, 15, Prudhoe-street Ainsley & Aydon, grocers, 7, Grainger-st Ainsley John, grocer (Ainsley & Aydon); ho. 24, East Parade Ainsley Wm. flour dealer, 52, Groat Market Ainsworth Mary Ann, lodgs. 33, Grainger-st Airey Mrs. Jane, 18, High Claremont-place Airey Eobert, pilot master, 20, Broad-chare Aisbitt John, prov. dealer, 32, Percy-street Aisbitt Joseph, tailor, Shield-street Aisbitt Matthew, vict. Old Beehive Inn, 34, Sandgate Aitchison John, and Co. Edinburgh Ale House, 19, East Clayton-street Aitkin D. tailor. Seam-street Aitken Jas. prov. dealer, Westmoreland-st Aitken Wm. vict. Glove Inn, West Clayton- street Akenhead Algernon, victualler, Old Nag's Head, 26, Cloth Market Akenhead Mr. David, 1, St. Thomas's-pl Alchisio Lewis, looking glass and picture- frame manufacturer, 4, Market-street Alder Mr. Joshua, 1, Ravens worth-terrace Alder Ealph, grocer, Willington-quay Alder Thomas & John C. whitesmiths. High Bridge ; ho. Spital Tongues Alderson John, watch glass maker, 32, Pud- ding-chare ; ho. 12, Wellington-street Alderson Thomas, painter, Trafalgar-st Alderson Thomas, paper hanger, 20, St. John's-lane Alexander Anthony, beerhouse, Willington- quay Alexander & Wood, commission agents, Grinding-chare, Quayside Alexander Jas. M.D. surgeon, 16, SaviUe- row; surgery, 11-|-, Northumberland-st Alexander Jane, prov. dealer, Manor-st Alexander John, commission agent (Alex- ander & Wood), Grinding-chare; ho. Spital, Berwick upon-Tweed Alexander John B, merchent, (Boldemann, Berries & Co.); ho. 7, North-terrace Alexander Thomas, builder and contractor, 10, Copeland-terrace, Shieldfield Alhusen Christian, Elswick Hall Allan Andrew, flour and provision dealer, 36, Low Friar-street Allan Jas. confectioner, (Snowball ct Allan); ho. Lovaiue-terrace 226 DIRECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Allan Mary, hosier, 31, Sandhill; ho. 106, Blenheim-street Allan Michael, tallow chandler, Sand-hill; ho. 106, Blenheim-street Allan Michael sohcitor,(R. M, & M. Allan); ho. 106, Blenheim-street Allan Ealph T. Low Crane House, 43, Quay Allan Eichard, builder, etc. Leazes lane; ho. 2, Blackett street Allan Eobert Munro, solicitor, (E. M. & M. Allan); ho. 4, Eldon-street Allan E. M. and M. solicitors, 51:, Dean-st Allan Wm. brush manufacturer, 11:, Cloth Market; ho. Queen-street Allen Christoph, butcher. 111, New Market, and T\^estgate ; ho. Westgate-hill-terrace Allen John, bootmaker, 58, Xewgate-st Allen John & William, Wallsend Chemical works, Wallsend Allen John, manufacturing chemist (J. and W. Allen); ho. 4, Victoria-terrace Allen Mary, professor of music, 12, Sun- derland-street Allen Wm. manufacturing chemist (J. and W. Allen); ho. 4, A^ictoria-place Allport Martha, miUiner, 13, Coliiagwood-st Allinson George, painter, 74, Pilgrim-st. ; ho. 72, Buckingham-street Allinson Eichard, accountant & arbitrator, Arcade ; ho. 8, West Parade Allison Geo. sub-inspec. police, Back-lane Allison Henry P. surgeon, l,Eegent- terrace Allison Js. grocer. &c. 28, Butcher-bank Allison John, Hope & Anchor Inn, saddler and shopkeeper, Catteiick's-bdgs. Byker Allison Ealph, vict. and provision dealer, Wheatsheaf Inn, Lime-street Allon Catherine Ann, tal. chand. Sand gate Allon Eichard, builder, &c. Leazes-lane ; ho. 42, Blackett-street Amos Frances, prov. dlr. 6, Butcher-bank Amry Geo. cabinet maker, Buckingham-st Anderson Alice, milliner, 1, Albion-street .Anderson Ann. staymaker, 32, Blackett-st Anderson Archibald, cattle salesman, 13, Marlborough-crescent Anderson Mrs. Catherine, 6, St. jMartin's-ct Anderson Chas. Geo. coach manufacturer, 8, Northumberland-place Anderson EUen and Ann, Jesmond-gTove Anderson Elizabeth, eating house, 25, West Clayton street Anderson Jacob, vict. Wheatsheaf Inn, 2, Waterloo-street Anderson James merchant, (Bradshaw & Anderson); ho. 3, Lovaine-place Anderson James, cordial mfactr, 2, Hill-st Anderson James, %dct. Hal/moon Inn, Mosley-st. and St. Nicholas's-churchyard Anderson James, cabinet mkr. and uphol- sterer, Crick-st. ; ho. Percy-street Anderson James, painter, 15, Low Priar-st Anderson John, gentleman, 1, Leazes-crsnt Anderson John, agent, 4, Elswick-lane Anderson John & Sons, mrchts. 58, Close Anderson John & Thomas, grocers and tea dealers, 39, Dean street Anderson John, wholesale grocer, (J. & T. Anderson), Carliol-sq ; bo. Higham-pl Anderson John, banker (W. H. Lambton & Co.) ho. Cox lodge Anderson Joseph, agnt. Low Swinburne-pl Anderson Joseph, solicitor, Westmoreland house, Westgate-st; ho. Benwell Tower Anderson Joseph, cbnt. mkr. 56, Percy-st Anderson & Mack, auctioneers, 42, Grey-st Anderson Matthew, merchant, (J. Anderson & Sons); ho. Jesmond Cottage Anderson Mrs. 68, Westgate-street Anderson Peter, auctioneer, commission agent, and agent to the Deposit and Ge- neral Life Assurance Company, 19, Clayton-street West Anderson Eobert, agent, B. Bank of Eng- land, 13 Gray-street Anderson Eob. coal fit. 29, Quay; ho. Westoe Anderson Sarah & Mary, dressmakers, 32, Blackett-street Anderson Thomas, tobacconist (Anderson & Young); ho. West-parade Anderson Thomas^ grocer, (J. & T. Ander- son); ho. 3, West Parade Anderson Thomas, tobacconist, 17, Side Anderson Thos. prov. dh-. 40, Gallowgate Anderson William, colliery agent, Byker Anderson Wm. auctioneer, &c. (Anderson & Mack), 42, Westmoreland-terrace Anderson Wm. Losh, wine and spirit mer- chant (Monkhouse, ALuderson, and Fair- bairn); ho, 6, Saville place Anderson Wm. cabinet mkr. 102, Percy-st Anderson & Young, tobacco mfrs. 17, Side Andrews Ann, lodgings, 2, Leazes-crescent Angas Mr. John Lindsay, 3, Eavensworth- terrace Angas Mr. Joseph, Arthur's Hill Angas, Silas, & Co. stock & share brokers, 24, Dean-street Angus, Abraham Cooper, provision dealer, 36, Gibson-street Angus Geo. currier, andgutta percha mer- chant, 36, Grey-street, and 9, Close ; ho. 1, Barrington place, Gateshead Angus John, billiard rm. kpr. 9, Market-st DIRECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TTNE. mi Angus Henry, coacli and harness mfr. 44, Westgate-street, opposite the Assembly Eooms ; ho. Eye-hill Angus Henry, tanner, 63, Newgate -St.; ho. 2, St. James-street Angus Hy, cabinet mkr, 42, West Clayton-st Angus James, china and glass merchant, 8, Grainger-st. 2, Market-st. and 8, Shak- spere-st. ; ho. Carr's-hill Angus John, brewer, spirit merchant, and malster. Stag Brewery, 39, Percy-st Angus Jonathan, draper (Angus & Wilson); ho. 3, Elswick- villas Angus Margaret, prov. dlr. 71, Northum- berland-street Angus IMrs. Mary, 15, Cottenham-street Angus Silas stock and share borker, (Silas Angus & Co.); ho. 64, Westmoreland-ter Angus T. C. & Co. merchants, 9, Close Angus Thos. Crosthwaite, merchant (T. C. Angus & Co.); ho. Union Cottage, Gates- head Angus & Wilson, drapers, 74, Grey-street Annandale Andrew, paper stainer (Good- lad & Co.); ho. 30, Eye-hill Annandale James, paper mfr. (G.Annan- dale & Sons); ho. 37, Yfestgate-st, and Lintzford Annandale Thos. surgeon, 62, Northum- berland-street Apenes Andrew, ship broker, Indian King's- court; ho. Eidley-villas Appleby & Davidson, quarrymen, West Grove Quarry Appleby James, prov. dealer, Pandon-bank Appleby John, grocer and provision dealer. West Parade Appleby Mr. Joseph, 14, Elswick East-ter Appleby William, grease and oil merchant, Thompson's-court, 14, Cloth Market Appleby Win. butcher, 130, New Market, and 25, East Clayton-street Appleby Wm. quarryman (Appleby & Da- vison); ho. Elswick-street Appleby Wm. prov. dealer, 14, Elswick-st Appleton Wm. fire engine kpr. 6, Bell's-ct Archbold Miss Elnr. Boyal Exchange Hotel, Hood-street Archbold Eobt. prov. dealer, 22, Bayley-st Archbold Thomas, stencillor, Gallowgate Archbold W. stencillor, 92, Newgate-street Archer James, boot and shoe maker, 51, Westgate-hill Archer Eichard Henry, com. agent, Close; ho. Eavensworth-terrace, Gateshead Archer Eobert, chicory, &c. mfr. (John Eichardson & Co.); ho. Percy-street Archer Thomas, printer, 39, Prudhoe-st Arkley Anna, milliner, 03, Grainger-st Arkley John, butcher, 12, Quayside ; ho. 14, Stepney-terrace Armfield Alice, marine store dealer, 12, Eidding-chare Armitage Edward, vict. Smiths' Arms, 6, Prudhoe-street Armitage Yfm. basket maker and willow merchant, Manor-cliare ; ho. Union-st Armour John, earthenware mfr. (James Yfallace & Co.) ho. Blenheim-street Armstrong Ann, preparatory and infant, and boarding and day school, and fur- nished lodgings, 10, Clayton-st. west Armstrong Crawford Henry, butcher, 174, New Market ; ho. 2, St. James's-terrace Armstrong Dorothy, grocer and prov. dlr. Arthur's-hili Armstrong Elizab. milliner, 58, Newgate-st Armstrong Francis, builder, Summer-hnl Armstrong Geo. grocer, 95, East Clayton-st Armstrong Geo. cashier at Savings Bank; ho. Higham-place Armstrong Geo. secretary to the Blyth and Tyne Eailway, office, 35, Grey-st Armstrong Hugh, timber merchant, &c. 32, Northumberland-street Armstrong James, baker & flour dealer, 10, Lower Buxton-street Armstrong James, baker, Buxton-street Armstrong Joseph, newspaper proprietor, (Blackwell & Co.); ho. Higham-place Armstrong Joseph ironmonger, (Jameson & Co.); ho. Higham-place Armstrong Pearson, solicitor, 9, Mosley-st.; ho. Lovaine-street Armstrong Thos. prov. dlr. Elswick-lane Armstrong Thomas, goldbeater, 38, Bigg Market; ho. 10, Northumberland-street Armstrong VAn. borough treasurer, office, Town's Hutch ; ho. Percy-street Armstrong Wm. butcher, Waterloo-st Armstrong YIm. butcher, 4, New Market Armstrong Wm. prov. dealer, 2, Erick-st Armstrong Wm. prov. dealer, 1, Tindal-st Armstrong Wm. agent, 65, Percy-st Armstrong William, clerk, Shield-st Armstrong W. & Co. grocers, 27, Moslej'-st Armstrong Wm. grocer (W. Armsti'ong & Co.); ho. York-etreet Armstrong W. G. & Co. engineers, Els^vick Armstrong Wm. Geo. enginer ( W. G. Arms- strong & Co.); ho. Jesmond-deau Arnett Jane, dressmaker, 68, Y^estgate-st Arnot & Smith, joiners, cabinet makers, &c. 92, Percy-st, and Leazes-road 228 DIEECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Amot, James, joiner, &c. (Amot & Smitli); ho. 12, Wellington-terrace Arnott, Cannock, and Co. linen drapers, Grain ger-street Arnott, Jas, deputy town-clerk, Guildhall Arnott, John, superintendent of the New- castle & Gateshead Gasworks, Minden-st Arrowsmith, John, butcher. Cut-bank Arthur John, cooper, 18, Close ; ho. Friars-st Arthur, Robt. draper (M'Intyre & Ai'thur); ho. Marlborough-crescent Arundel Mrs. Isabella, 47, Leazes-terrace Ashton G. J. & Co. T^me Manure and Che- mical Works, Glasshouse-quay Aspdin, Ord & Co. Portland cement mfrs. Neville-street, and at Gateshead Aspchn Wm, cement mfr. (Aspdin, Ord & Co.); ho. StrawbeiTy-house-place Astrop C. J. butcher, Vs, New Market ; ho. Villa-place Astrop Js. paper stain. 25, Westmoreland-st Astrop W. G. pattern maker, Prospect-pl Atchison Andrew, bread and biscuit baker, 9, Bridge-st. Gateshead, & 27, Quayside Atkin David, bootmaker, 7 & 14, Castle- garth-stairs ; ho. Eye-hill-street Atkin Elizabeth, dressmaker, 17, Spring- garden-terrace Atkin Mary, dressmaker, Gallow-gate Atkin Piichard, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Atkin Piobert, prov. dealer, 60, Blackett-st. ; ho. Vine-lane Atkin R. T. vict. Eoyal Oak Inn, BailifiPgate Atldn Thos. bootmaker, 50, West Clayton st. and Castle Garth-stairs ; hc^. 6, Villa-pl Atkin Wm. builder, joiner, and house car- penter, Oystershell Hall Atkin Wm. printer and bookseller, 62, Quayside; ho. East Parade Atkins Wm. Henry, vict. Ducroio Inn, 9, Shakspere-street Atkinson, Ann, grocer, 17, High Friar-st Atkinson Catherine, butcher, 41, Els wick East-terrace Atkinson Edward Buchan, vict. Buhe of Wellington Inn, Carliol-square Atkinson Edward Buchan, oyster dealer, Shakspere-street Atkinson Ehzabeth, lodgings, Carliol-st Atkinson George Clayton, iron merchant (Bulmer & Co.); ho. West Denton Atkinson Henry, dyer, 26, Newgate-st Atkinson James, merchant, 20, Sandhill; ho. 12, Claremont-place Atkinson John, beerhouse, 47, Blandford-st Atkinson John, house agent, 1, Tindal-st. Arthur' s-hill Atkinson John, coachmaker (Atkinson & Philipson); ho. New-biggin Atkinson John B. butcher, 148, New Mkt. ; ho. 24, Nelson-street Atkinson Joseph, plumber, 3 & 4, High Friar- street Atkinson & Philipson, coachmakers, 93, Pilgrim-street Atkinson Margaret, vict. Queen's Head Inn, Byker-bar Atkinson Martha, milliner, Albert-place, ShieldSeld Atkinson Mary, vict. Joiners' Arms Inn, 28, Percy-street Atkinson Richard grocer, ( Marshall & Atkin- son.); ho. Shield-street Atkinson Robt. grindstone mfr. 16^, Quay- side ; ho. High Felling Atkinson Robt. hosier, 72, West Clayton-st ; ho. 1, Mary-street Atkinson Sarah, shopkeeper, Monk-st Atkinson Mrs. Sarah, Albert-pl. Shieldfield Atkinson Thomas, cheesemonger, 7, Bigg Market, and Angus-ct. ; ho. Blackett-st Atkinson Thomas, bootmaker, 6, Villa-pl Atkinson Thomas, coalfitter, 24, Quay; ho. 15, Molendine-teirace, Gateshead Atkinson Thomas, grocer, 5, Pitt-street Atkinson Wm. comm. traveller, Albert-pl. Shieldfield Atkinson Wm. Hy. tailor, 12, Pandon-bank Atkinson William, bootmaker. Duke-street Atkinson Wm. hairdresser, 6, Nun-st. ; ho. Shakspere-street Auckland George Wellesley, hairdresser, 3, Bridge end ; ho. 20, Pitt-street Auld Wm. Henderson, hatter, 34, Mosley-st; ho. 39, Carliol-street Austin Joseph, herbalist, Low Bridge Austin Thomas, architect, Mosley-st.; ho. 9, St. Mary's-place Averey John, provision dealer, Canada-st Aydon Ehzabeth, gro. (Aydon. & Ferguson) ho. 26, Shieldfield-green Aydon Jane and Deborah, lodgings, 41, Blackett-street Aydon & Ferguson, grocers, 114, Side Aydon John, grocer (Ainsley & Aydon); ho. 3, York- street Aynsley Ann, prov. dealer. West Pitt-st Aynsley Joseph, \'ict. Battery Inn, Forth-st Ayre Jon. vict. Golden Lion Inn 7, Broad-ch Ayre Robert, hairdresser, Sandgate Ayton I. & Sons, corn factors, &-c. 36, Sandhill Ayton John Featherstone, com factor (I. Ayton & Sons); ho. 4, Saville-place DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Q29 BAAS Elizabeth, register office for servants, 42, Northumberland-st Bachus Eichard, stationer, 108, Percy-st Bagley Cath. dressmaker, Mansfield-st Bagnall Joshua, oyster dealer, 6, Nun-st Bagnall Kobert, Sandgate Bagshaw John, china figure manufacturer, Ouseburn Pottery, Cut-bank Bailes & Galloway, curriers, 151, Pilgrim-st Bailes Elizabeth, prov. dealer, New-road Bailes John, currier (Baihes & Galloway), ho. 152, Pilgrim-street Bailes John & Co. curriers, 1, Bigg Market Bailes Jos. leather cutter, &c. 2, Union-st; ho. Cox Lodge Bailes Michael, vict. Sun Inn, Gibson-st Bailes Wm. com. traveller, 53, Blackett-st Bailey George, plumber, 21, Westgate ; ho. 30, Cumberland-row Bailey Joseph, bookseller, 49, West Clay- ton-street ; ho. 2, Spring Garden-lane Bailey Mary, dressmaker. West Hinde-st Bailey Mary Ann, milliner, 49, West Clay- ton-st. ; ho. 2, Spring Garden-lane Bailey Samuel, watchmaker, 52, Quay; ho. Oxford-street Bain Andrew Foggin, baker, 8, Spring- garden-lane Bain Thos. basket maker, Painter-heugh ; ho. 170, Pilgrim -street Bainbridge Bartholomew, tailor. Cut-bank Bainbridge & Co. drapers, &c. 11 and 12, Market- street Bainbridge Emerson Muschamp, draper (Bainbridge & Co.); ho. 12, North-terrace Bainbridge John, smith, Head of Love-lane, Quay Bainbridge Wm. engineer, Spital Tongues Bainbridge Wm. barrister, Westgate-st; ho. Wallsend Bainbridge, Mrs. Elizabeth, 13, Westmore- land-street Bains Alex, oyster dealer. High Bridge Bains Eobert, butcher, Tyne-st Baird T. vict. Neio Hawk Inn, Byker Bank Baird Thos. D.Cooper, 88, Pilgrim-st; ho. 3, Chatham-place, and 37, Bigg Market Baker Ann, green grocer, 224, New Market ; ho. Marshall's-court Baker Benjamin, accountant, 8, Yorke-st. Baker Geo. archi. and surveyor, Diana-st. Baker George Wm. foreman at tannery. Low Friar-street Baker Henry, eating ho. 44, Bigg Market Baker Jas. chimney swp. B. Trafalgar-st Baker John S. pork butcher, 5, Deau-st and 167, New Market Baker James, builder, 51, Howard- street Baker Thos., official assignee in Bankrptcy. court ; ho. 7, Carlton-place Baker Wm. Gair, brewer, 8. LowFriar-st Ball Ann, dressmaker, 44, Blakett-street Balls Thomas Patterson, flour dealer, 31, Bigg Market ; ho. 24, Newgate-street Balmbra John, vict. Wheat Sheaf Inn, Cloth Market Balmer Adam, cabinet mkr., 15, Princess-st Balmer Alex, boot and shoemaker, West Blandford-street Balmer Geo. tailor, 38, High-bridge Bambrough Matthew, file nianfr., 37, Bigg Market ; & provision dlr. 105, Clayton-st Bamling George, vict. Hodgson's Arms InUy Oak's-place, Seam-street Banks Jno. vict. Burnt House Inn, 29, Side Banks Martha, tailor, 76, Northumblnd-st Banks Eev. Eobt. (Baptist) 8, Leazes-cr Banks Eobert, tailor, Trafalgar-street Banks Eobert, tailor, Waterloo-street Baptist Cath. funerl. furnishr. 4, Darn-crook Barber Daniel, shopkeeper. High Pitt-st Barber Wm. Eichard, vict. Gardener's Arms Inn, Nelson-street Bargate Geo. tanner, (G. Bargate & Co.); ho. 3, St. James' -street Bargate George & Co. tanners, Darn-crook Barkas Matthew, bootmaker, Byker Barkas Eichd. news agent, 108, Percy-st Barkas Eobert, H.M.C , 69, Newgate-street Barkas Thomas Pallister, bookseller, 26, Grainger-street ; ho. 3, Lovaine-place Barkas T. P. & W. printers, 16, High Friar- street Barkas Wm. printer, (T. P. & W. Barkas); ho. Lancaster-street Barkas Wm. carver & gilder 40, Grainger-st; ho. 7, Northumberland-court Barker Charles Fiott, historical and porfrait painter, Brandhng-place Barker George, butcher, 5, New Market ; ho. Hood-street, Sandyford-lane Barker George Carr, ironmonger (Barker & Thompson) ; ho. Shieldfield Barker Jas. builder, 1, Camden-street and at Barker- street Barker James, builder, 51, Howard-street Barker John, joiner, cabinet maker, and upholsterer, 20, Yine-lane ; ho. Pawton Dean terrace, Shieldfield Barker John, merchant. Three Indian Kings'-ct. ; ho. 5, Airey-terrace, Bensham Barker Mr. Joseph, 4, Wellington-terrace Barker Thomas, general merchant, 13, Leazes-crescent 230 DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Barker & Thompson, ironmongers, 24, Cloth Market Barkus John, coal fitter, 19, Quay Barlow John, manager of Corporation Baths, New-road Barlow Jos, bookseller, &c. 28, Grainger-st and 1, Nelson-street Barlow Wm. greengrocer, 192, NewMarket; ho. Prudhoe-street Barnasconi F. barometer maker, 20, High Bridge Barnes Eobt. colliery agnt. Shieldfield-green Barnes William, inland revenue ofiicer, York-street Barnett Henry, builder, and stone merchant Seam-street Barras Samuel & Co., brick manufacturers, office, 113, Side Barras Saml. brick manufacturer, (Barras &Co.); ho. Gateshead Barrett George, riding master, Bath-road Barron Anthony Forster, cabinet maker, Thornton-street, & 26, West Clayton-st Barron David, stone mason and builder, 61, Elswick-street Barron F. lodging house, 11, St. John's-lane Barron Jane, vict. Cattle Market Inn, Forth- place Barron Joseph, draper (M. & J. Barron) ; ho. 68, Northumberland-street Barron Matthew & Jos. drapers, 24, Dean-st Barron Matthew, draper (M. & J. Barron); ho. 68, Northumberland-street Barron Sobt. butcher, 21, Westmoreland-st Barron Sarah, lodgings, 9, Blenheim-st Barron Thomas, butcher, 100, New Market; ho. Eldon-street Barrow Roger, gentleman, 1, Claremont-pl Barrox David, beerhouse, 15, High Bridge Bartlett C. & Co. scale-beam & weighing machine manufacturers, 16, Westgate-st Bartlett Chas. scale-beam, &c. manu-. (C, Bartlett & Co.) ; ho. Villa-place Bartlett William, provision dealer, Peel-st Barton Samuel, tailor, 37, Market street Barty Vv^iUiam, boot maker, 3, Elswick East-terrace Bateman Mary, mattress-maker, 190, Pil- grim-street Bates Ann, provision dlr. 47, Crescent place Bates George, herd.'-Ponteland-road Bates James, provision dealer, 50, Percy-st Bates N. hat maker, Forth-banks Bates Newman, hatter, St. Nicholas's Church-yard Bates Thos. hat manufacturer, St. Andrews' court, Pilgrim-street Bates J. Moore, surgeon, 17, Westgate-st Batey James, cabinet maker. Close ; ho. 40. Charles'-st, Gateshead Batey John, turner, 162, Pilgrim-street Batey Eobert, grocer, Dent's-hole Baty Robert, china, glass, and earthenware dealer, 60, West Clayton-street Baty John, flourdealer. 24, West Clayton-st; ho. 11, Temperance-row Baty Wm. vact. Golden Anchor Inn, Quay Bayes Watson, beer retailer. High Bridge-st Beardsmore Joseph, Eaihvay Arcade Hotel, Neville-st, (opposite the Central Station) Bearup Wm. vict. Sadlers' Well, IjOW Frjar-st Beat Elizabeth, grocer. Silver-street Boatman Mary, mattress-maker, Pilgrim-st Beaugo James, wine and spirit merchant, 88, Blandford-street Beaumont Wm. gentleman 4, High Swin- burne-place Beck Edward, slate merchant, Gallow-gate; ho. 23, Villa-place Beckington Charles, solicitor, Lax's-court, Percy-street Beckington Mr. John, Ridley-villas Beckington Mr. J, Prospect-pl. Shield-field Beckington Mr. John, jun. gentleman, 3, Prospect-place, Shieldfield Beckwith Geo. W. merchant & ship-owner. Bridge-end; ho. Elswick-dean Beckwith Mrs. Mary 29, Eldon-street Beckwith Mrs. Ralph 4, Lovaine-row Beda Alwn Vv ilhelm, professor of languages 2, Saville-row Bedlington CoAi Company's Office, 37, Quay-side — John Sliddleton, Agent Bedlington Ikon Company's Office, 26, Westgate-street Beldon George, jun. ship broker, 29, Quay; ho. 23, Ridley-place Bell Ann, lodgings, 40, Blackett-street Bell Anthony, provision and game dealer, 3, Blackett-street Bell A. F. ship broker, 16, Quayside; ho. Ridley-viUas Bell Catharine, earthenware manufr. (T. Fell & Co.) ; ho. Picton-pla^e Bell Davison, miller, Pandon-dean; ho. LoTaine-terrace Bell Dinah, (Selkirk & Bell); ho. 2, Stowell st Bell & Dixon, coal-owers, 28, Quay Bell Edward, provision dealer, 38, Bigg- market; ho. Wreckenton Bell Geo. school master (Bell & Malcom); ho. Trafalgar-street Bell Geo. agent. 111, Blenheim-street Bell Geo. gentleman, 115, Blenheim-street DIEECTOKY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 231 Bell Geo. builder, Fenkle-st ; ho. 22, Shield- field green Bell Geo. butcher, 175, New Market ; ho. Low Friar-street Bell Geo. lead & mine surv. ill,Blenheim-st Bell Rev. Geo. (Presbyter), 3, Brandling-pl Bell G. spirit merchant, 2, Cumberland-row Bell Geo. cheesemonger, 6, Bridge-end Bell Henry, merchant, (Losh, Wilson, & Bell); ho. 1, Picton place Bell Heuiy, tailor, 2, Bell's-court Bell Henry, wine & spirit mrcht. St. John's lane; ho. 1, Angus s-court. Bigg Market Bell Isaac, agent, 8, St. Ann's- row Bell Isaac Lowthian, (V\'ashington Chemical Co.); ho. Washington Bell J. & M. confectioners, 72, Pilgrim-st Bell Jacob, vict. Farmers' Best In7i, 51, Percy-street Bell J. smith (BeU & Turnbull) ; ho. Wind- mill-hills, Gateshead Bell Miss Jane, Elswick West-terrace Bell Mrs. Jane, 15, Brandling-place Bell Jonathan, draper, 4, Cottenham-st Bell John, butcher, 7, Buckingham-street Bell John, hair dresser, Fenkle-street Bell J. butcher, 104, New Market; ho. Friar-st Bell John, butcher, 2, William-street Bell John, draper, &c. 3C, Gibson-street Bell John, gentleman, 2, Nixon street Bell John, provision dealer, 30, Groat Mkt Bell John, smith, Nelson-st. North-shore Bell John, shoe maker, Westgate-hill Bell John Wm. confectioner; ho. 40, North- umberland-street Bell John Thomas. W., C.E. and surveyor, 1, Higham-place Bell Joseph, chemist, &c. (Joseph Bell & Co.) ; ho. 133, Pilgrim-street. Bell Joseph & Co. chemists and druggists, 23, Nun's-gate, Bigg Market Bell Joseph, dairyman, Nixon's-pl. Percy-st. Bell Joseph H. m. mar. 89, Blandford-st. Bell and Malcolm, academy, Trafalgar-st. Bell Bliss Margaret, 8, Summerhill-terrace Bell Martha, grocer, Tyne-street Bell Martin, brewer, 24, Pilgrim-street ; ho. Northumberland-street Bell Mary, confectioner, (J. &M. Bell) ; ho. 72, Pilgrim-street Bell Mary, furniture broker, 191, Pilgrim-st Bell Octavius, solicitor, 57, Westgate-street; ho. East-parade Bell Mrs. Mary, 16, John-street Bell Mary Ann, confectioner, 51, Grey-st Bell Maria J. lodgings, IG, St. Jaraes'- street Bell Eobert. vict. Black Bull Inn, 4 & C, Waterloo street Bell Robert, shoemaker, 17, Cloth Market Bell R. grocer, 51, Dean-st; ho. 34,Eldon-st Bell Robert & Co. grocers 64, Grainger-st. ; ho. 5, Ridley -villas Bell Robert, seedsman, &c. 22, Sandhill ; ho. 5, Ridley-villas Bell Robert Paxtou, Crown Temperance Hotel, 7, Grey-st Bell Septimus, land surveyor, (T. Bell & Sons); ho. 16, Cumberland-row Bell Thomas, beerhouse. Railway-street Bell Thomas, merch. (Losh, Wilson &Bell); ho. Gloucester House, North Elswick Bell Thomas & Sons, land surveyors, 26, Groat Market Bell Thomas, land surveyor, (T. Bell & Sons); ho. 16, Cumberland-row Bell Thomas, provision dealer, 1, Marl- borough-crescent Bell Thomas, com. traveller, 7, Darn-crook BellThomas, vict. Black Bull Inn, Westgate BeU T. G. land surveyor, (T.Bell& Sons); ho. Bellevue House, Gateshead Fell Bell & Turnbull, smiths. Postern Bell William, boot maker, 9, Gallow-gate Bell William, currier, 28, High Bridge ; ho. 22, Mansfield-street Bell William, provision dealer, Seam-st Bell William, chemist and grocer, 150, Pilgrim-st.; ho. 28, Cumberland-road Bell William, gentleman, Steavenson-place Bell William M. provision dealer, Jesmond Vale Bell William, scale-beam, &c. manufr. (C. Bartlett & Co.); ho. 8, Villa-place Bell William, master mariner, 8, Villa-place Bell Wilham John, agent, 2, Westgate-hill Bells, Robson & Co. brewers. New-quay Bellerby John, cabinet mkr. Back George-st Bellerby Thomas, vict. William IV. Inn, 3, BelPs-court Bellwood John, beerhouse. Spring-street Belt Robert, merchant. Wall-knoll ; ho. Winlaton Bennet John, beerhouse & provision dealer, Wellington-street Bennett & Co. furriers, 21, Grey-street; ho. 27, Westmoreland-terrace Bennett John, confectioner, 103, Percy-st Bennett William, beer retailer, St. Anthony's Bennett John, grocer, Hill-street Benson J. & Co. grocers, 16, Mai"ket-st Benson Jno. sharebroker f J. Benson & Co.) ; ho. 1, Lovaine-terrace Benson HenryW.com. agt. Copland-teiTaee Q33 DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TrKE, Benson Mary, bonnet maker, 186,Pilgrim-st Benson Michael, printer, 8, Dean-st; ho. 18, St. Nicholas's Church-yard Berkley Wm. maltster, Hornsby's-chare Berry John, poulterer, 19, Nun-st. Bertham Alex, cheesemonger, 12, Union-st Bertham Charles, commission agent, 71, Quay ; ho. 10 West-street, Gateshead Best John, druggist, Ponteland-terrace Best Andrew, tailor, George-street Best John, tailor, 13, Terrace-place Best Edwd. yict. Butehefs Arms Inn, Water- loo-street Best Jane Elizabeth, milliner, H. Villa-pl Beveridge John, academy, West-walls Beveridge T. \\cl. Highlander Inn, Pandon Berwick Alexander & Co. ale and porter merchants, 6 Market-street Bewick Calverley, gentleman, 33, Market-st Bewick Kobert, grocer, 116, Blenheim-st Bews Thomas, tailor, 90, West Clayton-st Bezelly Thomas, grocer, 57, Gibson-st Bianchi Ambrose, looking-glass andpictm'e frame maker, 24, High-bridge Bianchi Chas. umbrella mkr. 114,Pilgrim-st Bianchi Chas. boot maker, 25, High-bridge Bianchi Mrs. Isabella, register office for servants, 114, Pilgrim-street Bianchi John,delr.in old clothes Denton-ch Bigge Matthew Kobert, director of the Dis- trict Bank ; ho. Fenham Hall Bigger Benjamin, provision merchant, 23, Close ; ho. Deckham Hall, Gateshead Bilton Edward and Co. mrchts. 42, Sandhill Bilton Ed. merchant (E. Bilton & Co.); ho. Westate-hill Bilton Francis, livery stable keeper ( KabeiTy & Bilton) ; ho. 7, Northumberland-place Binks Annie, dressmaker, Argyle-street Binks & Black, hosiers, (fee. Head of the Side BinnsStpn.blackg maker; ho. 16, Nun-st Binns Thos. musicseller, 20, Nelson -sti^eet Binns Thos. fishmonger, 2, Hinde street Binney Wm. vict. Weavers' Arms Inn, New Pandon Bird Wm. and Co. iron and tinplate mrchts. 43, Quay Bird Wm. iron and tin plate merchant (W. Bii^d & Co.); ho. Chirton-hill Birkett Jno. bookbinder, 5, Oyster-shell-lne Birkett Mrs. Susan, 9, Lovaine-crescent Birkinshaw G. P. coalfitter, 62, Quay; ho. St, Thomas's place Birkinshaw Wm. commis. agent, 38, Broad- chare; ho. Windmill -hills, Gateshead Birley George, surgeon, 3, Kichmond-st Black Margt. dressmaker, 12, Terrace-place Black Jas. & Co. tea and coffee merchants, 94, Side Black Jos. E. L. tea mercht. (J, Black & Co.); ho. 10. Yilla-place Black Mary, oysterseUer, 33, Blackett-st. ; ho. 5, Leazes-lane Black Wm. hairdresser, Carliol-square Blackbird & Hunters, shipbrokers, 29, Quay Blackett Mrs. Alice, 18, Simpson-street Blackett Frances, cowkeeper. Back lane Blackett Mrs. Jane, 31, Eye-hill Blackett Jno. leadmanufr. (Locke, Blackett & Co.) ; ho. Benridge Blackett John, agent, Chimney-mills Blackett Ralph, agent, 34, Mansfield-street Blackett Wm. agent, 5, St. Thomas's-crecnt Blackett Wm. Fenwick (Locke, Blackett & Co.) ; ho. Newton Hall Blacklock & Hall, fire-brick manufacturers, Bell's-close Blacklock John, beer retailer and smith, Elswick East-terrace, Blacklock John, provsn. dealer, Gosforth-st Blacklock Jo-sepk, solicitor, 62, Grey- street; ho. 64, Percy-street Blacklock Wm. beerhouse, Gallow-gate Blackwell B. Brunton, baristr. 1, Spital-pl Blackwell John & Co. proprietors of the " Courant," 54, Pilgiim-street Blackwell John (J. Blackwell & Co. & Fletcher, Falconar& Co.); ho. 14, Ellison- place Blagburn Robert, butcher, 17, Quay ; ho. 6, Regent-terrace Blagburn Robert, auctioneer. Three Indian Kings' Inn, Three Indian Kings'-court, Quay. Blagburn Thomas, engraver and printer, 22, Mosley-st; ho. Swinburn-place Blagburn Wm. butcher, 160, New Market, and 1, Westgate-hill terrace Blaicklock Wm. beerhouse, 4, Gallow-gate Blaiklock Thomas, proAision dealer, Back Els wick-street Blair George, tailor, 4, Hedley-place Blakey Cath. dlr. in sunds. Painter-heugh Blakey Mary, lodgings, 7, Prudhoe-street Blakey James, butcher, Trafalgar-street; ho. Wesley-street Blakey John, bootmaker. Side Blakey Louisa, laundress. 36, Carlton st Blakey Michael, vict. Adelaide Hotel, 16, Nev/gate- street Blakey Robert, gentleman, Yine-lane Blakey William, pro\ision dealer, Manor-st Bland Wm. eating house, 14, Butcher-bank Blaydon Chemical Co. 20, Sandhill DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 233 Blanev Arthur, grocer, 53, Grainger-st ; ho. 25, Eve-hill Bleazly Kobert W., M.D. and surgeon, 63, Northumberland-st Blenkinsop Michael, 47, Westmoreland- ter. and 13, Market ; ho. 22, Newgate-st Blenkinsop Michael, junr. butcher, 153, Market; ho. Howai'd-st Blenkinsop Thomas, cooper, 24, Union-st ; ho. 12, Westmoreland-street Blenkinsop Wm. butcher, 138, Market; ho. Strawbeny-place Blower J. Graig Watson, chimney sweeper, 4, G-allow-gate Blower Wm. chimney sweeper, Gallow-gate Blythand Tyne Railway Office, Market • street; E. Nicholson, C.E. Manager Blyth Joseph, whip manfr. 7, Newgate-st Boag Ambrose, agent, Saville-row Boag Mrs. Jane, select register ofl&ce for servants, Saville row Boag Thomas, secretary to the Trade Pro- tection Society, 11, Union-street Boag Wm. bill distributor. Manors Boag G. marine storekeeper, Fenkle-street Boden Samuel, butcher, 6, New Market ; ho. 7, Bayley-street Body Mr. B. T. 5, Adelaide-terrace Boe Geo. C. haberdasher, Eavens worth- ter Boe Wm. bootmaker, 59, Westgate-st; ho. Ravensworth Cottage, Westgate Bolam George, baker, 27, High Friar-st Bolam Geo. land agnt. 2, Low Swinburne-pl Bolam Mary Ann, furniture broker, 1 & 2, Pilgrim-street Bolam Wihiam, land agent, Fenkle-st; ho. Benwell Boldemann, Bonies & Co. mrchts, 5, Quay Boldemann F. mercht. (Bolderman Borries & Co. ) ; ho. 9, St. Mary's-terrace Boldon Elizabeth, vict. Queen Victoria Inn, Sunderland-street, Blenheim-street Bolton Ehzabeth, shopkeeper, Stockbridge Bolton George, solicitor, 45, Westgate-st Bolton G. F. grocer, 13, Quay ; ho. Scragg House, Walker Bolton Margaret, shopkeeper, Byker-bank Bone Jamieson, hbrdshr. 94, W. Clayton-st Bones Francis, bailiflf, 40, Villa-place Boorn Don Eenato, Spanish consul, 43, Sandhill Booth Mrs. Leazes-lane Booth Thomas, dealer in marine stores, Sandgate Bootiman John, prov. dealer, 20, Close Bordon Cuthbert, cbnt. mfr. 13, High Bridge Bordon Wm. W. esq. 47, Westgate-st Borries, Chr. jun. vice-consl. for Denmark, &c. 77, Quayside Borries Theo. mercht. (Boldemann, Borries & Co.) ; ho. 5, Huntingdon-pl. Tynemouth Bostle George, printer. Lime -street Bostle William, provision dealer, Lime-st Bostle Wm & Son, printers, 61, Grey-st ; ho. Lime- street Boston & Co. watch glass manufacturers, 40, Groat Market Boston Elijah, watch glass mfr. (Boston & Co.) ; ho. 8, Lisle-street Boston Ed. bootmkr. 15, Northumberland-st Boston Ebt. hardwareman, 69, Percy-st Bourn & Co. iron merchants, Stockbridge Bourn Geo. & Co. nail and chain mfs. &c. Stockbridge, and at Winlaton Bourn Thos. W. iron merchant (Bourn & Co.) ; ho. 17, Elswick-villas Bourne Hy. milliner and bonnet manufac- turer and warehouseman, 21, Grainger-st Bourne Thomas, coal fitter, 39, Quay ; ho. 5, Eegent-terrace Boustield J. vict. Cricket Club Inn, Bath-rd Bowes John & Partners, coalowners, 12, Quay Bowes Wm. prov. dealer, 28, Newgate-st Bowmaker Jas. vict. Admiral Duncan Inn, 8, Cowgate Bowmaker James, tailor, 53, Wt. Clayton-st Bowmaker Nich. F. tailor, 82, Blenheim -st Bowman Edmund, C.E. 48, Westgate-st.; ho. 11, Saville-court Bowman Hen. pawnbroker, 17, Low Friar-st Bowman Jane, milliner, 133, Pilgrim-st Bowman John, prov. dealer. Shield street Bowman Eobt. S. (Washington Chemical Co.) ; ho. 11, Victoria-terrace Bowman William, agent, Wesley-st Bowman Wm. printer, ho. 3, Stowell st Bownas George solicitor, 8, Sandhill; ho. Summer-hill Bowness John, prov. dealer, 42, Newgate-st Bowring Wm. vict. Old Queen's Head Inn, 158, Pilgrim- street Boyd Mrs. Ehzabeth, 31, John-street Boyd Geo. leather merchant, ifc currier. Side; ho. 12, West-street, Gateshead Boyd John, dlr in old sunds. Denton-chare ; ho. York-street, Shieldfield Boyd Eobert, butcher, 18, Hinde-st West Boyd William, gentleman, 3, George-street Boyd Wm. surgeon, 5, Marlborougli-cresnt Boyle William, \\ci.Anclior Inn, Sandgate Boys Anu, prov. dealer, 130, Pilgrim-st Bracken David, bootmaker; ho. York-st Bracken John, bootmaker, 6, William-st 2 S34 DIRECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Bradburn John, dyer, 16, Clayton-st. West; ho. 12, George st Bradley Francis, bank cleric, 9, Lovaine-ter Bradley George, printer, &c. (jMacliver & Bradley), ho. 68, Westmoreland-terrace Bradley Mrs. Jane, 9, Lovaine-terrace Sradshaw & Anderson, merchant's, Fen- wick's-entry. Quay BradshawBenj. Calhoun mcrcht. (Bradshaw & Anderson); ho. Ravens\yorth -terrace Brady Mrs. Ehzabeth, 23, Oxford-st Bragg Charles & Co. drapers, &q. 55, Pilgrim-sti'eet Bragg Chaiies, draper (C. Bragg & Co.) ; ho. Lintz-green Bragg H. smith, 15, Wellington-ten-ace Braid Robert, yict. Northumberland Anns Inn, Heron-street Bramwell W^m. pwnbroker. Folly, New-quay Brand & Howatson, drapers, 8, Brunswick-pl Brand Jas. marine store dlr. 4, Gallow-gate Brandling Miss Mary, 15, Eidley-place Brandling W. & Co. merchants. Three In- dian Kings'- court. Quayside Brandling W^ ship-broker (W. Brandhng & Co.) ; ho. 7, Eidley-place Brandling Wm. & Go. siiipbrokers. Three Indian Kings'-court, Quayside Brankston Mr. Archibald, Regent-teiTace Brankston Geo. butcher, 73, New Market ; ho. Sherwood's-court, Bigg Market Brankston Ed. gentleman, 16, Eegent-terr Br-ankston Thos. merchant, 16, Eegent-terr Bratt Eobt. & Co. shipbkrs, 35, Broad -cbare Breach Benjamin, hotel keeper, (Breach & Jetfrey), ho. County Hotel, Carlisle Breach and Jefirey, Central Station Hotel Brearcliffe Jas. draper, 11, Westmoreland-st Breen John, master mariner, Argyll-place Brennan Cbarles, bookseller, Trafalgar-st BrennanHugh, bookseller, -40, Grainger-st.; ho. 2, St. Martin's-court Brennan Thos. tailor, Pilgrim-street Erewis Edwd. cart proprietor, Gallow-gate Brewis Geo. sohcitor, 21, Grey-sti-eet; ho. Bensham Brewis John, grocer, Airey terrace, Bensham Brems John, pork butcher, 21, Sandhill; ho. Prudhoe-street Bre^vis John, cart proprietor, 5, Stowell-st Brewis John, grocer, 41, Groat Market ; ho. 16, Stepney-terrace Brewis John, teacher. All Saints' School, Manor-square Brewis John, smith, New-road; ho. Brand- ling-place Brewis Peter, baker, Stockbridge Brewis Joseph, beerhouse, 4, Edward-street, Arthur's Hill Brewis Eobt. dealer in sundries, New-road Brewis E. vict. Wheat Sheaf Inn, Gallowgate Brewis Sa.Tah,\ict. Shieldfield Inn, Shield-st Brewis Thomas, baker, Sandgate Brewis Wm. cart proprietor, 16, Stepney-ter Bridon Mai^g. fruiterer, 5, Northumberld-st Briggs Mrs. Eleanor, F. 4, Lovaine-terrace Briggs Eebecca, school, 18, Marlbro'-street Briggs W. J. ship broker, Fenwick-entry ; ho. Lovaine-terrace Bright Thomas grocer, St. Peter's Brightwen Charles, grocer. Grey-street; ho. 14, West parade British Telegraph Co^ipaky, 10, Sandhill Brignal J. Anthony, auctioneer, 1, Sandhill Brittain Samuel, plumber, brass founder, & gas-fitter, Bird & Bush Yard, Pilgrim-st ; ho. 15, Villa-place Brockbank Elizabeth, schoolmistress, St. Nicholas's National School, Castle-garth Brockbank John, master teacher of the Clergy School ; ho. Carliol-square Britton Fanny, lodgings, 96, Blenheim-st Broadhead Ehzabeth, baby-linen warehouse, 135, Pilgrim-street Brockett Mrs. Isabella 14, Albion-place Brockett Mrs. Jane, 6, St. Mary's-place Brockett William Edward, sohcitor, 50, Dean-street ; ho. Whickham Brockett Wm. Henry, arbitrator, average- stater, &c, 29, Sandhill; ho. 5, Catharine st, Gateshead Brodie John, vict. Turk's Head Inn, 25, Grey-street Brodie Nathaniel McNeil, master manner 3, Copeland-place Brooks Edwin, hat manufacturer, 2, Nun-st Brooks William Alexander, river engineer, Guildhall ; ho. 5, Elswick villas Broom Eev. Andrew, Wesley-street Broomfield John, marble mason, 12, Fleece- court, Gallow-gate Brough Charles, auctioneer, &c. 52, Blackett street ; ho. 65, Eldon-street Browell Edmund J. professor of chemistry, (Eichardson & Browell) ; ho.EastBoldon Brown Eev. Andrew, Wesley-st. Shieldtield Brown Ann, vict. Woolpack Inn, Marlbro'- cresent Brown Mrs. Ann, 31, Prudhoe-street Brown Ann, umbrella makr. 4, Mosley-st Brown Archibald, butcher, 20, Upper Bux- ton-st., and 69, New Market Brown Edward, prov. dealer. 23, Edward-st Brown E. & G. school, 14, Clayton-st. West DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Q35 Brt)wn Catheiine, milliner, Park-place Brown Cnth. vict. and brewer, Robin Hood Inn, 74, Close Brown Elienor, confectioner, 66, Blackett-st. Brown Mrs. Elizabeth, 11, Picton-place Brown Elizabeth, lodg. 23, Sunderland-st Brown Enph. \ict. Bee Hive Inn, 'i'o,Yi\la--£l Brown George, brewer, 74, Close Brown George, ironfounder, (Wright and Brown) ; ho. Forth-street Brown George, fishmonger, Manor-street ; ho. Pilgrim-street Brown George, photographic artist, 35, Grainger-street Brown George, butcher 56, Quay ; ho. 2, Union-terrace Brown George, hosier, 45, Pilgrim-st ; ho. 5, Elswick-court Brown George, prov, dlr. 24, Blenheim-st Brown Hannah, cowkeeper, Oak's-place Brown I. Hale, butcher, 127, New Market; ho. Westgate Brown Isabella, milliner, 33, Newgate-st Brown Jacob, chemist, 102, Pilgrim-st; ho. II, Picton-place Brown Jas. cab proprietor, 78, Blandford-st Brown James, agent, 4, Westgate-hill-ter Brown James, cooper, Broad-chare ; ho. 19, Simpson-street Brown Jas. livery stables, 34, Lower Friar st Brown James, vict. Croicn and Thistle Inn, Buxton-street Brown John, marine-store dealer, Monk-st Brown John & Co. fruiterers, 22, Nun-st Brown John, soHcitor (Bell and Son); ho. 8, Ellison-place Brown John, cabnt. mkr. 18, Lower Friar-st Brovm John, Vict. Half Moon Inn, Swirle, North shore Brown John, provision dlr. E. Ballast-hills and Stepney-bank Brown John (Eichardson and Co.); ho. Hanover-street Brown John, blacksmith, 91, Percy-street ; ho. Prudhoe-x)lace Bro^Yn J. George, solicitor (Brown & Son) ; ho. 8, Ellison-place Brown John W. gentleman, 4, Summerhill place Brown John & Son, solicitors, 22, Side Brown Jolm, solicitor, secretary to the Free Burgesses, 22, Side Brown John George, solicitor, (J. Brown and Son); ho. 9, West parade Brown John Henr}', boot & shoemaker, 112, Blaudford-street Brown John, master mariner, York-street Brown John H. junr. ship-broker, Rewcas- tle-chare ; ho. 8, Blandford- street Brown Eev. Joseph A. (Cathohc) 73, Pilgrim-street Brown Joseph, agent, 8, Blenheim-street Brown Joseph, butcher, Westgate Brown Joseph, draper, 16, Grey-street Brown Jos. flour dler. 47, West Clayton-st ; ho. 4, St. Cuthbert's terrace, Gateshead Brown Luke, miller, shop — Westgate ; mill at Heaton Brown Margaret, prov. delr. 5, Prudhoe st Brown Martha, lodgings, Carliol-street Brown Matthew, prov. dlr. St. Nicliolas'ssq Bi"own Michael, provision delr. Shield-street Brown Misses, ladies' seminary, 14, West Clayton-street Brown Ralph, banker (W. H. Lambton & Co.) ; ho. 8, Eldon-square Brown Rebecca, eating house, 234, New- Market ; ho. 10, Duke-street Brown Robert, lace mart, 9, Moslev-street Brown R. miller, 64, Close ; ho. 24", Ryehill Brovrn Robert, provision dealer, Lawson-st Brown Robt. Bolton, hatter, 50, Grainger-st ; ho. 22, AYestmoreland-terrace Brov/n & Son, solicitors, 22, Side Brown & Son, hair seating manufacturers, Clavering-place Brown Thomas, agent, 46, Blackett-st Brown Thomas, butcher, 28, Market; ho. 46, Blackett-street Brown Thos. cart proptr. 3, Wellington-st Brown Thos. fishmonger, 64, Blackett-st Brown Thos. flour dealer, 47, W. Clayton st; ho. 3, St. Cuthbert's-terrace, Gateshead Brown Thos, gentleman, 2, Nelson-st. East Brown Thos. joiner, &c. head of Love-lane ; ho. 34, Stowell-street Brown Thos. tanner and currier, Crown yd Westgate ; ho. 3, Bath-row Brown Thos. & Son, wire workers, 35, Percy-street Brown Wm. architect, 70, Grey-street ; ho. Nixon-street Brown Wm. chemist, Ouseburn Bridge Brown Wm. flour dealer, 43 Newgate-street, and at Heaton-mill ; ho. Heaton-mill Brown William, vict* Royal Turf Hotel, 36, Collingwood-street ; ho. Kenton Lodge BroAvn Wm. clerk, 33, Newgate-street Brown Wm. marine store dealer, St. Peter's Brown Wm. tailor, 17, Nun-street Brown Wm, trunk maker, 47, Grainger-st ; ho. 7, Camden-street Brown William David, vict. Greyhound Jnw, Dixon's Buildings 236 DTRECTOEt OV NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Brown Wm. baker, 69, Northumberland-st Browne Wm. J. solicitor, 48, Pilgrim-street ; ho. Brunswick-street, Gatesliead Brownhill John, bootmaker, Bnxton-street Browning Eev. Dav. C, A.M. 54, Leazes-tr Bruce David, m. mariner, Hewgill-terrace Bruce Rev. John Collingwood, academy, 80. Percy-street Bruce Mrs. 10, Kidley-place Brugger M. pork butcher, 26, Nun-street, and 112, New Market; ho. 92, Clayton-st Brumel Hawdon, gentleman, 42, Leazes-tr Brumel Geo. A. bank agent, 30, Eldon-st Brumwell John, joiner, 15, Side Brunting Amelia, glovr. &c. 34, Bigg Makt. Brunting Elizabeth Mrs. 52, Leazes-terrace Brusby Thomas, fishmonger, 85, Percy-st Brutnell Thomas, superintendent of Central Exchange Newsroom ; ho. Pontelaud-ter. Brydon James dairyman, Arthurs Hill Brydon Nicholas, cart prop rietr. Gallow-gate Bryson Thomas, town surveyor. Guild Hall and the Manors Buckeridge Piev. Richd. M.A. incumbent of St. Andrew's, 32, Northumberland-st Buchanan Jane, provision dealer, Monk-st Buckham Edward, butcbr. 14, New Market and Westgate; ho. 13, Blenheim-street Buckham Mrs. Elizabeth, Summer Hill Buckham & Grey, hosiers and shirt makers, 51, Pilgrim-street and 49, Grey-street Buckham George, hosier, &c. (Buckham and Grey) ; ho. 14, York-street Buckham Jas. sailmaker (W. & J. Buck- ham) ; ho. New-road Buckham W. & J. sailmakers, 50, Quay Buckham Wm. sailmaker (W. & J. Buck- ham.) ; ho. Shieldfield Buckingham J, sail maker, 50, Quay Side Buckley Dennis, teacher, Pilgrim-street Buckley John, tailor, 3, Gallowgate Buckton Joseph, contractor, 24, Bayley-st Buddie George, shipowner, 16, Albion-place Buglass John, bootmaker, 38, Trafalgar-st Bulcraig Sarah, dressmaker, 22, Hedley-st Bulloch Mary, teacher, 14, Percy-street Bulloch Walter, cork cutter, 14, Percy-st Bulman Charlotte, clothes dealer, Dog-bk Bulman Darnell, physician, 10, Market-st Bulman F. W. cement and plaster mnfr. 16, Sandhill Bulman Mrs. 25, Leazes terrace Bulman George, corn merchant. 29, Sand- hill ; ho. West-parade Bulman Mrs. Maxy, 5, Albion-place Bulman Mrs. Ann 9, Ellison-place Bulman James, smith. Back-lane Bulman John, magistrates' clerk. Police office, Manors ; ho. 16, Leazes terrace Bulman John, gentleman, 28, Eldon-street Bulman Thomas, mineral clerk. Mineral Audit Office, Central Station, Newcastle and Carhsle Railway; ho. Westmoreland- terrace Bulman William, coal fitter, 2, Nixon-street and at Quay Bulmer & Co. iron manfrs. 9, Bridge-end Buhner Charles, iron-manuf, (Bulmer & Co.) ; ho. SaltweU HaU, Gateshead Bulmer Thos. & Wm. \ict. Ordnance Arm's Inn, Gallow-gate. Buluraux Lewis, basket importer, 83, Side Bunn Robt. Thos. watch glass mnfr. 75, Grey-street ; ho. 5, Ravens worth-terrace Bunney Thomas, tailor, Castle-garth stairs Burdis Clement, vict. Lord Nelson Inn, Ballast-hills Burdis George, gentleman, 22, Eldon-place Burdis William, teacher, 16, Blandford-st Burden Cuthbert, cabinet maker, &c. 13, High-bridge Burden Henry, ironmonger, 108, Pilgrim- street ; ho. 9, Sandyford-place Burdon Robert & Co. earthenware man ufrs. Lime-street Burdon William, colliery owner, 4=7, West- gate-street Burgess Miss Isabella, Shield-street Burgoin Alfred, saw maker. Fighting Cock's yard. Bigg Market; ho, Yietoria-place, Westgate-street Burkitt George, grocer, &c. Ballast-hills, East Burn and Mary, dealer in sundries, Croft-st Burnaud Richard, gun maker. 111, Pilgrim- street Burnand Robert, tailor, 101, Pilgrim-street; ho. 2, Blackett-street Burn Bryan, vict. White Horse Inn, Groat jNIarket Burn David, vict. (Rayne and Burn) ; ho. 4, Adelaide-terrace Burn Henry, General Audit Office, No. 9, Newcastle and Carlisle Railway station Burn James, agent, 8, Cottenham-street Burn James, corn dealer, Saville-court Burn Jane, lodgings, 4, Albion-street Bm^n John, cattle salesman, 8, Derwent- place Burn John, chemist, 53, Northumberland- street; bo. 7, Brunswick-place Bum Margaret, vict. Green Tree Inn, Balst- hills Bum Thomas, farmer, Low Elswick DIRECTORY OF KEWCASTLE-UPOK-TYNE, 237 Bum Joseph and Co. earthenware manu- facturers, Stepney-bank Burn Joseph, earthenware manufacturer (J. Burn & Co.); ho. Stepney-bank BurnEobt. T. watch glass &c. manufacturer, 75, Grey-st; ho. 5, Eavensworth-terrace Burn WiUiam, grocer, &c. Gallow-gate Burns Alexander, provision dealer, 35,AVest- gate- street Burns Mark, hairdresser. Causey bank Burnell Ann, beerhouse, New-mills Burnet Thomas gentleman, 3 Summerhill- terrace Burnett Brothers, Spring Gardens Engine "Works Burnett Jacob, manufacturing chem, (Thos. Burnett & Sons); ho. Dunston Burnett James, civil engineer, 43, Prudhoe- street Burnett Jas. engine manufacturer (Burnett, Brothers); ho. Spring Garden House Bui'nettJno. manufacturing chemist (Thos. Burnett & Sons) ; ho. Dunston • Burnett Jonathan, manufacturing chemist (T. Burnett &Sons); ho. Eye Hill Burnett Peter, fruiterer, 6(J, West Clayton-st Burnett Eobert, ship broker & commission merchant, 26, Quayside; ho. 43, Prudhoe- street Burnett Eobert, (Locke, Blackett, and Co.) ho. 31, Eye Hill Burnett Thos. & Sons, chem. manufacturers Bill-quay & Dunston ; office, 8, Side Burnip Mrs. Ann, 6, Jesmond-terrace Burnip Anthony, vict. Duke of Buckingham Inn, 3nBuckingham-street Bumip John, draper, 7, Dean-street Burnup Cuthbert, timber merchant, &c. (W. & C. Burnup); ho. 6, Jesmond ter. Bumup John & Henry, coach makers, 63, Northumberland-street, & Elswick-court Burnup Jno. coachmaker(J.& H. Burnup); ho. Barras-bridge Burnup J. builder, 39, West Clayton-street; ho. 20, Elswick-villas Burnup Martin, M.D. and surgeon, 9, Der- went-place Burnup Thos. (Swan & Burnup); ho. 6, Jesmond-terrace Burnup W. & C. timber merchants, saw mill owners and builders, Barras-bridge Burnup Wilham, timber merchant, &c. ( W. & C. Burnup); ho. 12, St. Mary's-terrace Burrell Ann, beer retailer. New-mills Burrell Isaac, ironfounder ( J. &I. Burrell); ho. South-street BurreJl John & Isaac,ironfounders, South-st Burrell John, ironfounder (J & I. Burrell); ho. South-street Burrell John, chemist, (Taylor, Gibson&Co.); ho. High Swinburne-place Burtchby Geo. Pepper, fruit merchant, 17, Nun-street Burton Enoch, confectioner, 144, Pilgrim- st Burton John, boot maker, Byker-bank Burton Joseph, confectioner, 7, Hinde-st Burton William Chas, grocer & provision dealer, 12, Blenheim-street Bushfield John, vict. Cricket Ground Inn, Bath-road Byers Eleanor, dress maker, 6, Lisle-st Byker Bottle Company, St. Peter's Byrne And. furniture broker. Pink-lane Byrne William, M.D. , 1, Stepney terrace Bush John A. solicitor, 15 West parade Butler Mrs. Mary, 18, George-street Butterley John, cooper, 20, Newgate-st CAIL J. & S. A. opticians &c. 45, Quay Call John, optician, (J. & S. A. Cail); ho. 44, Northumberland-street Cail John, optician and mathematical in- strument maker, 8, Grey street; ho. 44, Northumberland-street Cail Mrs. Mary, 44, Northumberland-st Cail Eichard, builder, 42, Northumberland- st. «& 53, Percy st ; ho. Durham Cail Septimus Anthony, optician (J. & S. A. Cail); ho. 5, Claremont-pl. Gateshead Cairns Alexander, assistant overseer for Byker, Howard street, Byker-bank Cairns Geo. joiner and furniture broker, 24, Pilgrim -street Cairns Jas. vict. Railway Inn, Carliol-place Cairns John, cabinet maker. Croft-street; ho. Carlton-sti-eet, Shieldfield Cairncross John, 113, Pilgrim-street Calder James, builder. High Friar-lane; ho. 4, Clayton-street, East Caldwell & Co. outtitters, 25, Sandhill and 2, Cloth Market Caldwell John, merchant, 55, Quay ; ho. 11, Eidley-villas Caldwell Kobt. timber merchant, 19, Broad- chare; ho. 11, Eidley-villas Caldwell Thomas, outfitter (Caldwell & Co.) ho. Oxford-street Callcot Chas. vict. Fleece Inn, 1, Dem^ent- place, Cattle Market Cameron William confectioner and vict. Commercial Hotel, 35, and 30, Grainger-st Campbell Mrs. Isabella, 7, Wesley-street Campbell John, artist, 114, Blenheim-street Campbell Wm. boot maker, 52, Dean-sti-eet 238 DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Campbell, Wm. vict. Earl of Durham Inn, Pilgrim-street Campbell Wm. provision dealer, Sandgate Candlish James, vict. Boar's Head Inn, Westgate Cant Mrs. Mary, 7, Claremont-place Cantley G-eo. carpenter, 43, Jessamine-place Capon Joseph, wire drawer, Pilgrim-street,- ho. 34, Bayley-street Capper Wm. Jasper, commission agent, 28, Leazes-ten-ace Carey Mrs. Elizb. lodgings, 33, Market-st Cargey Mrs. Elizb. 6, Elswick row Cargill Mrs. Ann, 3, Eramlington-place Cargill & Co. merchants, 29, Quay Cargill Miss Eliza, 15, Lovaine-place Carins George, farmer, Keaton Carins Henry, agent. Manor Brewery, Manor-chare; ho. 3, Pawton-dean-teri-ace Carlisle Mr. John, Hewgill-terrace Carlton Eliza, provision dealer, 54, Percy-st Carmichael Robert, watch maker, Marl- borough-street Carmon Henry Jean Baptiste, vict. George Hotel, 139, Pilgrim-street Carnaby jMargt. cow keeper, GaUowgate Carnaby Robt. mar. store dk\ 16, William-st Carnaby Wm. mar. store dlr. Churchhiil-st Carr Anthony, grocer. Spring-street Carr i'-Donnison, milliners and dressmakers, Clavering-place Cai-r Andrew, agent, Elswick East-ten-ace Carr Ann & Jane, dressmakers, 66, West Clayton-street Can- & Co. wine and timber merchants. Broad-chare Carr David, provision dealer. Close; ho. Low Elswick Carr Geo. saw-maker, cutler, &c. 25, Nun- street Carr Hannah, teacher, 4, Portland-place Carr Mrs. Isabella, Croft -street Carr Jas. Nixon, cabt. mkr. 128, Pilgrim-st Carr John, agent, 115, Blenheim-street Carr John, vict. and brewer. Brown Jug Inn, Stepney-bank Carr John, coal-fitter, Trinity-chare, Quay ; ho. Roseworth Carr John, crucible mnfr. Railway-terrace, Scotswood-road ; ho. 48, Villa-place Carr John, draper, 4, Charlotte -square Carr John, gardener, Byker-hill Carr John, merchant tailor and clothier, 17, Westgate-street Carr Joseph, Jewish rabbi. Temple-street Carr Joseph, furniture broker, 13, North- umberland-street Carr John, provision dealer, St. Peter's Carr John, wine & spirit merchant (J. Carr & Co.) ho. Crook-hill, Ryton Carr John Thomas, wine and spirit mrcht. (Carr & Co.) ho. Stella House, Durham CaiT Joseph, agent, 12, Lisle-street Carr Joseph, vict. Ship Inn, St. Peter's Carr Lancelot Stob art, wharfinger and ship brkr. 34, B]'oad-chare; ho. 4, Portland-pl Carr Mrs. Margaret, 112, Blenheim-street Carr JJargery, vict. Ship Inn, St. Peter's CaiT Mary Ann, cow keeper, Gallow-gate Carr M. butcher. Register sti-eet, Stepney-bk Carr Matt. vict. Ship Inn, Spicer-lane, Quay CaiT Nich. vict. Phcenix Tavern, Brewery Bank, Ouseburn Carr Peter, law stationer (Carter & Co.) ; ho. 16, Villa-place CaiT Ralph, baker, St. Peter's Can- Richard, cliemist, 30, Market-street ; ho, 45, Percy-street Carr Robert, cashier, 3, Ord-street Carr Mrs. Sarah, 4S, Leazes-terrace Carr Thomas, chemist, 42, Bigg Market; ho. 59, Blandford-street Carr Thos. (J. Carr & Co.) ; ho, Scotsw^ood Carr Thomas, clerk, Lambton's-bank ; ho. 39, Cumberland-row Carr T. vict. Joiners' ^y?ns J/zn, Arthur's-hill Carr T. hosier, 59, Groat Islai'ket Carr Wm. bacon factor, 2, Nelson-street Carr Wm. cart proprietor, 20, St. John's-lane Carr Wm. china and glass dlr. 107, Percy-st Carr Wm. joiner, &c. 16, High Friar-st; ho. Walker Carr Wm. surgeon, 9, Newgate-street Carruthers Edward and Jane, poulterers, 9, Nun-street Carruthers Ewd. beerhouse, 2, Blenheim-st. Carruthers Edwd. and Jane, poulterers, &c. Nelson-st ; ho. 2, Blenheim-street Carse Adam, hat and cap manufacturer, (Cochrane &Co.); ho. 22, Lancaster-st Carse Thomas, grocer, 87, Percy-street Carson Alexander, draper. Shield-street Carson David, draper, 3, Plummer street Carson James, draper, Carliol-street Carson Mrs. Ehzabeth, 2, George-street Carson Robt. vict. WilUngton Hotel, Colling- wood-street Carson W. vict. Chancellors Head Inn, 38, Newgate-street Carson'Wm. draper, 62, Blandford-street Carston John, prov. dlr. 33, Buckingham-st Carston Robt. cart proprietor, 8, Gallow-gate Carter & Co. law stationers. Arcade Caller John, agt. to T.&W. Smith, St. Peter's DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. S39 Carter jMary, i^rovision dealer, York-street Carter Michael, victualler, William the Fourth, Bell's-court Carter Wm. vict. Rose and Grown Inn, Bigg Market Gartner George, colonrer and stenciller, 108, Blenh eim-street Cartner Eobert, agent, 11, Blenheim-street Carver & Co. agent to tiie Y. N. & B. Rail- ■svay Co. Trafalgar-street Goods Station, and cart propi-ietors. Quay Casril Morris, hatter (Casril & Yickerey); ho. 8, Clayton-street Casril & Yickerey, hatters, 109, Side Catcheside Broths, grocers, 61, Grainger-st Catcheside Robt. grocer (Catcheside Bros ); ho. East Parade Catcheside Thos. grocer (Catcheside Bros.); ho. 10, Elswick-row Catherall John, grocer, 25, Buxton-street Catherall Thos. N. accountant, &c. 4, East Parade Catton Thomas, grocer, 21, Mosley-street ; ho. 11, St. Mary's-terrace Challoner Edw. Wilson, oil mrcht. & com. agent, 17, Mosley-st. ; ho. Graingerville Challoner John Saddler, stock and share broker, 27, Dean-st. ; ho. Benwell Lodge Chambers Ann, pro\'ision dealer, Back-row Chambers James, gentleman, 38, Elswick East-terrace Chambers Mrs. Jane, 27, Leazes-terrace Chambers Luke, painter, 24, Edward-street Chambers Pearson Thomas, surgeon, 76, Newgate-street Chambers Wm. grocer, St. Peter's Chantler Wm. tailor, St. Nicholas's-church- yard ; and butcher, Westgate Chapman Mrs. Ann, 9, St. James-street Chapman, Edward, hairdresser, 5, Close ; ho. 44, George-street Chappel Charles, rag rachant.EIwick's lane Charante Anthony, shipbroker, 14, Broad- chare ; ho. 7, West Parade Charleton John, auctioneer, 13, Northum- berland-court Charlton & Angas, merchants, 69, Quay Charlton Cath. lodgings, Elswick East- terr Charlton Edward, bookseller, &c. 46, Pil- grim-street; ho. 13, Cumberland-row Charlton Edward, M.D. 7, Eldon-square Charlton Edw. prov. dlr. 58, Northumber- land-st. ; and butcher, 128, New Market Charlton Mrs. Elizabeth, 13, Elswick-villas Charlton F. merchant (Charlton & Angas), ho. Hinde-st Charlton J. vict. Angel Inn, 4, Butcher-bank Charlton George, butcher, 67, Blackett-st. ; ho. 4, Northumberland -place Charlton Jas. plasterer, Brunswick-place Chariton John, victualler, Duke of Welling- ton, Drury-lane Charlton John, chief sanitary inspector and assistant town surveyor. Railway-street, Scotswood-road Charlton John, flint manufacturer, Ouse- burn ; ho Lawson-street Charlton John, prov. dlr. Sandyford-lane Charlton Jno.prov. dlr. ll,Stamfordham-pl Charlton J. vict. Talbot Inn, 74, Westgate-st Charlton Lancelot, butcher, 152, New Market; ho. Green-court Charlton Mary A. school, 22,Westmorland-st Charlton Ralph, prov. dealer. Causey-bank Chai'lton Robert, gentleman, 8, Victoria-ter Charlton Thomas, ironfounder, Ouseburn; ho. 41, Howard-street Charlton Wm. corn factor, 32, Sandhill; ho. 11, Lovaine-place Charnley Emerson, bookseller, 45, Bigg Market ; ho. 5, Wesley-terrace Chartres Wm. solicitoi", 74, Grey-street; ho. Summer-hill-terrace Chater Thos. & Wm. sohcitors, 21, Mosley-st Chater Thomas, solicitor (T. & W. Chater) ho. 3, St. Thomas's-place Chater YAn. solicitor (T. & W. Chater) ho. 38, Bye-hill Chatto Edward, tailor, 39, Yilla-place Cheesemond Ehzabeth, Joiners' Arms Inn, Gibson-street Cheetham T. mattress mkr, 57,Westgate-hill Chicken Thos. block and mast maker, 29, Quay ; ho. Grosvenor-street, Gateshead Chisholm Thos. S. tailor, 5, George-street Christiansen, Schier & Co. mrchts. 39, Quay Christiansen George C. E. merchnt. (Chris- tiansen, Schier & Co.) ho. 1, Carlton- place Christie Grieve, comm. traveller, 3, John st Christie J. &Co. plumbers, &c. 2, LowFriar-st Christie James, plumber, &c. (J. Christie & Co.) ; ho. 2, Low Eriar-street Christie John, engraver, &c. 9, and 3, Nel- son-street ; ho. 36, Cumberland-row Christison Ales, superintendent of passeng. dept. Y. N. & B. R. : ho. Pandon House Chubb John, vict. Joiners' Arms Inn, 35, Gibson street Clapham Mrs. Ehzb. 5, Summerhill-ter Clapham Henry (jMonnsey &: Co.); ho 5, Summerhill-terraee Clark Ann, hosier &c. 16, Bigg market; ho 68, Grainger sti-eet 240 DIKECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Clark Benjamin, marine store and general dealer, near the Glass House Bridge, Tyne-street, North shore Clark Daniel, superintendent, TVestgate Cemetery Clark George, plasterer. Dispensary-lane Clark George, cabinet maker, High Friar- lane ; ho 41, Percy-street Clark Geo. fruiterer, IG, Cloth mkt; ho 9, Grey-street Clark Geo. Noble, surgeon, 10, Newgate-st Clark George, leather merchant (T. & G. Clarke); ho 2, John's- place, Gateshead Clark George, tailor, St. Martin's-court Clark Jas. proAdsion dealer, 9, William-st Clark John, baker, Willington-quay Clark John, boot maker, 86 Side, and 16, St. Nicholas's-square Clark Jane, shoe dealer, 67, Side Clark John, corn merchant, 3, Side ; ho 47, Eldon street Clark Joseph, floor cloth manufacturer, 126, Pilgrim-street ; works, PiOgent-terrace Clark Joseph, spirit mercht. l,Painter-heugh Clark Mrs. Margaret, 12, Ellison-place Clark Mary, spirit mercht. 4, St. Nicholas's church yard Clark Eobt. bank agent, 9, Albion-street Clark Kobt. butcher, 55, Percy-st. and 179, New- market Clark E. cashr. Lambton'sbank;hoAlbion-st Clark Robert, cutler, 33, Mosley-st; ho. 78, Blenheim-street Clark Thomas, Low Elswick Foundry ; ho. Tyneside-terrace Clark Thos. & Geo. leather mrchts. 94, Side Clark Thomas leather merchant (T. & G. Clark) ; ho. 25, Framwell- gate, Durham Clark Thomas, tailor, 5, Thornton-street Clark William, auctioneer. Arcade ; ho. 47, Eldon- street Clark Wm. vict. Bacchus Inn, Newgate-st Clark Wm. cabinet maker, 78, Pilgrim st Clark William, shoe maker, 9, Darncrook ; ho. 50, Stowell-street Clark Wm. vict. Sir William Wallace Inn, 42, Stowell-street Clarke Abraham, jun. com factor, 69, Quay ; ho. Garden-terrace, Westgate Clarke Ann, hosier, 68, Graiuger-st. and 16, Bigg Market Clarke & Dunn, wharfingers, 76, Quay Clarke Mrs. Ehzbth. 35, Cumberland-row Clarke Geo. book keeper. Quay dues office; ho. 42, Villa place Clarke John, wharfinger (Clarke & Dunn) ; ho. 76, Quay- Clarke John, chimney sweeper, Long stairs, Queen-street Clarke Jno. printer, 27, St. Nicholas's church yard ; ho. Picton-terrace Clarke, Plummer & Co. Northumberland flax mills. Lime-street Clarke Joseph, floor cloth manufacturer, 126, Pilgrim-street Clarke Robert, provision dealer and builder, Argyle-street Clarkson Elias, shoe maker, 9, John-street, Arthur's hill Clasper Henry, boat builder, Benwell Boat House, Low Benwell Clay Ann, seminary, 12, Ridley-place Clay John, (Clay, Mitchell & Co.); ho. South Shields Clay Mr. Robt. Jesmond dean-terrace Clay William, ship broker, 32, Quay Clayton & Armstrong, timber merchants, Skinner's burn Clayton Miss Deborah, 46, Westgate-st Clayton J. & M., solicitors. Sandhill Clayton John, solicitor and town clerk, (J. & M. Clayton); ho. Fenkle-street Clayton Mat. solicitor, (J. & M. Clayton) ; ho. Fenkle-st Clayton Rev. Richard, M.A. minister of St. Thomas's Chapel, 16, Northumbrlnd.-st. Clavering John, solicitor and steward of the manor of Iveston, &c. Collingwood-st ; ho. Wickham Claxton, Susannah, seminary, 2, George-st Clegg Solomon, wholesale woollen manu- facturer and importer of foreign rags and wool, Westgate woollen mill and New- road; ho. New road Cleghorn Jos. cab proprietor, Adelaide pi Clelland Mary, innkeeper, 4, Close Clelland Susan, victualler, Lion and Lamb, 44, Newgate-street Clement Louis, commission agent. Three Indian Kings' court; ho. 67, Westmore- land-terrace Clementson Charles & Co. lead merchants, 23, Sandhill Clementson Chas.mrch ; ho. Jesmond-^dllas Clementson Margt. vict. Gate Tavern, New quay Clementson Mary, beer house, 21, East Clayton-street Clementson Thos. shop-keeper, Byker-hill Clemmy Thos. vict. tailor, &c. Yarmouth Arms Inn, St. Peters Clennell Jno. Morton, chem. 34, Westgate Clephan Jos. insurance agent, 14, Sandhill Cleugh Francis, dressmaker, Canada-terrace DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Ul Clifford George, agent, 28, Brandling-place Clifford Tkllliara, agent, Byker Mill Clinton Arthur, professor of music, 107, Pilgrim-street Clinton Peter, clothes dealer, Dog-bank Close Edward, hosier, 21, Groat Market ; ho. Scotswood-road Close Geo. Silvertop, draper, 82, W. Clayton- street ; ho. Bayley-street Close Jas. agent, 3, Elswick-row, Eye-hill Clough Miss Jane, Jesmond-place Clyde Andrew, provision deah% Manor-chare Coates Taylor, turner, 24, Pilgrim-street ; ho. Carliol-street Coatsworth Peter, \ict. Eose and Croivninn, East Ballast-hills Cockburn Alex, grocer, 10, Collingwood-st Cockburn Joseph, veterinary surgeon, 20, St. Johii's-lane Cockburn Thomas, innkeeper. Lord Hill Inn, Spring Garden-terrace, Pitt-street Cockcroft, Lonsdale M. sol. 17, Grainger-st; ho. 10, St. Mary's-place Cockerton George, tailor, 96, Side ; ho. 33, Melbourne-street Cochrance & Carse, hatters and capmanfrs. 18, Mosley-street and 11, Grainger-street Cochrane Hannah, hatter, &c. (Cochrane and Carse) ; ho. 22, Lancaster-street Cochrane Mrs. Hannah, York-street Cochrane Isabella, milliner, 66, Grainger-st; ho. Lancaster-street Codling Joseph, butcher, 131, New Market ; ho. 1, High Eriar-street Codling William, joiner. Back Hill-street Cohen David, optician, 9, Mosley-street Cohen Freeman, cap manufacturer, 62, Grainger-street ; ho. 6, Blenheim-street Cohn Naphtah, bootmaker, 43, Grainger-st Coffey Edward, grocer, 27, S to well-street Colbeck Mr. Thomas, Adelaide-terrace Colbeck Thomas Jj. & Co. bone cutters, and manure manufacturers, Scotswood Bone Mill Cole John, Elephant and Castle Inn, Low Friar-street Cole William, bi-ewer, 8, Low Friar-street Coll Eobert, butcher, Canada office, 60, Quayside Collen Jane, dressmaker, E. Clayton-street Collier Henry, Alfred, editor of " Courant," 5, Nixon-street Collins and J. & N. printers, 20, Nelson-st CoUins Frederick, chemist, Sandgate; ho. Elliston- street, Gateshead Collins John, beer retailer. Broad-chare Collins Mrs. Mary 24, Elswick East terrace Q Collins John White & Nathaniel, printers, Nelson-street Collinson John, hair dresser. New-road Collinson Henry, hair dresser, 75, Quay; ho. Eichmond-street Collinson Thomas, bootmakr, 10, Dean-st.; ho. 11, Dean's-court Colpltts James, vict. Durhain House Jwn, Cloth Market Colquhoun William, grocer, 8, Bridge-end; ho. 12, Eavensworth-terrace, Gateshead Coltart James, manager of Newcastle Coal Go's depot, Bell's-street, Arthur's-hill Colthard Harper, day-school, Hanover-st Coltman John Eerens, grocer, &c. Tyne-st Colville John B. com. agent Trafalgar-st Colvin Mr. David 14, Marlborough-crescent Common John, Marlborough Inn, 22, Marlborough -street Common Margaret, jB^acZ; Bull's Head Inn, 72, Westgate- street Common Thomas, butcher. Manors ; ho. Temperance-row, Shieldfield Conseil, T. shipbroker, 8, Sandhill; ho. 1, North -terrace Cook Edward, undertaker, &c. 5, Cloth Market Cook George, bootmaker. Shield-street Cook Mrs. Isabella, West-ho. St. Anthony's Cook John, cooper, &c. (William Cook & Co.) Leith Wharf; ho. New-road Cook John, soda and alkali manufacturer, St. Anthony's Chemical Works Cook James, plumber. Cross-street Cook Joseph, grocer. East Ballast Hills Cook Margaret, funeral furnisher, 5, Cloth Market Cook Pliny, milliner, 96, Side Cook Mr. Eobert, Howard St. Byker Bar Cook Eobert, prov. dealer, St. Lawrence Cook Ealph, butcher. East Ballast Hills Cook Eichard, provision dealer, New Pan- don-street Cook William, & Co. paint and colour manufacturers ; & coopers, Leith Wharf, Quay ; ho. New-road Cook William, manager for John Cook, soda and alkali manufacturer; ho. West- house, St. Anthony's Cook Wm. auctioneer and cooper. New-road Cooke Chas. Henry, gentl. Benwell-grove Cooke Edwai'd corn and flour factor, 77, Quay Side ; ho. 14, Elswick-west-ten'ace Cooke George, innkeeper, Dog Leap Stairs Cooke and Hewitt, corn factoi's, 77, Quay Cook Margaret, vict. Bay Horse Inn, Arthur's-hill S43 DIEECTORY OF NEWGASTLE-UPGN-TYnE. Cooke Jocelyiij merchant; ho. 16, St. Thoraas'-crescent Cooke Mary Ann, fruiterer, &c. 44, West Clayton-street Cooke M. J. manager, 16, St.^Thomas's- square Cooke Eobert, grocer and fruiterer, 70, Newgate-street Cooke and Sutton, chemists, 46, West Clay- ton-st. ; ho. 39, Westmoreland-ten-ace Cooke Thomas, chemist (Cooke & Sutton) ; ho. 50, Westmoreland terrace Cooke Captain, Koyal Engineers, Ordnance Survey Cookson Charles C. gentl. 6, Charlotte-sq Cookson C. E. & Co. steel spring and file manufacturers, South-street Cookson John, bonded warehouse proprietor, 40, & 50, Close; ho. White Hill, Chester- le-sireet Cookson Chas. E. hotttlemanufactr. (C. E. Cookson & Co.); ho. Charlotte-square Cookson Cuthbert, and Co. bottle manufrs. Close Cookson, William Isaac & Co. lead merchts. &c. Close Cooper Ann, milliner, 4,Westgate-hill ter Cooper Barbara, stay maker, 1 Lord-street Cooper Caleb, shoemaker, 21, Pit-street Cooper George, master mariner, 11, Carl- ton-street Cooper George (late Daniels & Cooper) house decorator, paper hanger & painter. Northumberland paper hanging manu- factory and decorative works, 87, Clayton- street- west ; ho. 5, Elswick-west-teiTace Cooper James, Victoria Royal Hotel, Mel- bourne-street Cooper J. & Co. merchants, 33. Quay. Cooper John, bootmaker, 1, Market-street; ho. Stowell-street Cooper John, ship broker; ho. 13, Clare- mont-place Cooper Eobert, brush manufr. 84, West Clayton-street Cooper Thomas, tailor, 27, Northumber- land-street Cooper Thomas, upholsterer, 25, Shield-st Cooper William, flour dealer, 115, Pilgrim- street; ho. 39, Grosvenor- street, Gates- head Copeland George, school, 87, Blandford-st Copland William, grocer and tea dealer, Copland terrace Coppock Ann, 32, Westmoreland-terrace Coppock Henry, merchant, 33, Quay : ho. 18, Spring -terrace, North Shields Coppock Thomas, provision dealer,36, New- gate-street Corbett Ann, lodgings, 4, Lisle-street Corbett Joseph & Co. hosiers, &c, 2, Grey- street Corbett Joseph, hosier (J. Corbett & Co.): ho. J, Mosley-street Corbett William, cowkeeper Gallow-gate Corby Elizabeth Ann, straw hat maker. Nelson-street, North-shore Costello James, clothes dealer, Sandgate Cotton Edward John, agent, 12, Camden-st Coulson George, cooper, 58, Groat Market, New-road Coulson Mrs. Margaret, 3, Tindal-st Coulson Mary, provision dealer, Gosforth.st Coulson Robert Plaswell, shoemaker, 6, Marlborough-street Coulson, Eobert, cheese monger, 40, Dean- street ; ho. Gateshead Eell Coulson Sarah, schoolmistress ; ho. 21, Shield-street, Shieldfield Coulthard Thomas, manager for the Byker Bottle Company ; ho. Byker House Coultart James, agent. West- street Coulthard Mary, hosier, 23, Union-street Coulthard Thomas, provision dealer,Postern Courteuay James CJibborn, com. agent, 97, Side ; warehouse, 1 9, Close; ho. 56, West- moreland-terrace Cout Benjamin, painter, 2, Summerhill Cowan David & Sou, timber merchts. New- road Cowan David, timber merchant (D. Cowan & Son) ; ho. New-road Cowan George, bacon factor, 72,New Market; ho. 10,Wesley-st. Shieldfield Cowan George, cheesemonger, 15, Newgate- street ; ho. 64, Percy st. Cowan Geo. & Wm. cheesmongers,91,Side Cowan Geo. cheesemonger, (G. & W. Cowan); ho. 91,Blandford-street Cowan James, cheesemonger, Ouseburn- bridge and Adelaide-place; ho. Eidley- villas Cowan John, editor of "Newcastle Journal," 10, York-street Cowan Nicholas, clothier, 42, CoUingwood- street & St. Nicholas-sq. ; ho. Wharnchfife- street Cowan Eachel, dress maker, 45, Yilla-place Cowan Eobert, bookbinder, 1, Library -pi.; ho. Hutt-street, Gateshead Cowan, Eobert, timber mercht. (D. Cowan & Son); ho. New-road Cowan William, cheese monger, (G. & W. Cowan); ho, 8, Cumberland-row DIBECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 243 Cowan William W. ship broker, 29, Quay ; ho. Egypt, New-road Cowans John, boot maker, 76, Northumber- land-street; ho. 17, Brunswick- place Coward Mrs. Jane, 20, Leazes-terrace Coward Thomas, cart proprietor, Smith's - court, Prudhoe-street Coward Thos. coffee roaster, Pandon-dean Cowell Mr. John, Arthur's •hill Cowell John, \ict. Croft Tavern, Croft-street Cowen Jane & Co., innkeepers,. Buxton-st, CoT.'en Joseph & Co. coal ov.'ners, & fire bnck manufrs. 59, Quay Cowland Charles, plane maker, 47, Groat Market ; ho. II, Els wick-terrace West Coxon Daniel C. provision dealer, 77, Percy-street Coxon Francis, vict. Durham Ox Inn, Cattle Market Coxon Jan-ies, butcher, 98, New Market ; ho. Gribson-street Coxon James, draper, etc. (Eichardsou & Coxon); ho. 1, Burdon place Coxon Mr. Thomas, Shield-street Coxon William, house agent, 35, West Buckin gham-street Coxwell George Samuel, commission agent, 104, Side ; ho. Eye-hill Craggs Eobert, marble mason, 72, Percy-st Craig Ann, dlr. insunds. Westgate; ho, J 7, Blenheim-street Craig Charles John, bootmaker. Forth- st Craig Frans. cabinet maker, 58, Groat Market; &Aact. Highlander Inn, Pandon Craig George, bootmaker, Castle Garth Craig Thomas, foreman to Locke, Blackett & Co. St. Anthony's Craig Waiter, bacon factor, 135, New Mrkt ; ho. Sbieldfield Craigie Nicholas, beerhouse, Drury lane Crake John, sub-inspector of police, Police Station, Prudhoe-street Crake Wm. painter, 13, Tindal-street Cram George Wm. solicitor, 21, Dean-st. : ho. 5, Yictoria-lerrace Cram ]^,Irs. Mary, 8, Carlton-place Cranston Eobt. cbnt mkr. 104, Pilgrim-st Craster Thos. & Mrs. inspector and matron of the Eye Infirmary, 3, Saville-row Craven Thos. clothes dealer, Blackgate Craven Jane, pawnbrkr. 10, Pudding-chare Crawford Alfred Eamney, stationer, 12, Dean-street ; ho. St. John's-place Crawford Geo. prov. dealer. Temple-street Crawford Mary, vict. Steam Engine Inn, St. Peter's Crawford Mrs. lodgings, 26, Nun-street Crawford Matt, iron founder, &c. Elswick Iron Works; ho. 13, Elswick East terrace Crawford Thos. vict. Loraine Arms Inn, Ouseburn Crawford William, vict. and joiner and cabinet maker, Pine Apple Inn, 47, West- gate Crawhall Isaac, gentleman, 2, Eldon-square Crawhall Joseph & Sons, patent rope rafrs. St. Ann's Eopery, New-road Crawhall Joseph, sen. patent rope manuftr. (J. Crawhall & Sons) ; ho. Stagshaw, near Corbridge Crawhall Mrs. Margt. Stagshaw, Corbridge Crawhall Thomas Emerson, merchant (J. Crawhall & Sons), ho. St. Ann's House, New road Cra\yhall Wm. vict. North Terrace Hotel, North-terrace Crawley Eev. J. (Catholic) 73, Pilgrim-st Crayton Eev. Eichd. 23, Northumberland-st Creighton Margaret, fruitr. 23, Cloth Maket Cresswell Edward, agent, Canada-street Cresswell John Haliden, bookseller, 6, Carlton-street Cresswell Joseph, prov. dlr. Eailway-terrace Crewther T. boot & shoemkr. GS, Eiswick-sfc Crier John, agent, 84, Blandford-street Crighton William, solicitor (Griffiths and Crighton); ho. 1, Adelaide-terrace Crocker Mary, milliner, GO, Pilgrim -street Crofton Zach. grocer, &c. 68, Blackett-st Crook Mrs. Susannah, 8, Elswick-row Crooks Mrs. Elizabeth, 39, Villa-place Cropton Mrs. Dorothy. 21, Eidley-place Crosier Edward, tailor, 44, Prudhoe-street Crosier Jobn, grocer, Fenkle-street Croiser Jonas, livery stables and posting liouse, Eldon-lane Cross Charraan, clockmaker, 99, Pilgrim-st Crossland Mrs. Emily, Argyle-place Crothers Eobert, bookseller, stationer, and news agent ; ho. Graingei'-street Croudace William, coalfitter, Three Indian Kings'-court ; ho. 1, Brandling-place Crow Francis Jas. manufac. chemist (Gray and Crow) ; ho. Park Bouse, Gateshead Crow George, agent to Stephenson & Co. South-street Crow John, bootmaker, 80, Terrace-place Crow Mary, lodgings, 4, Leazes- crescent Crow IMary, provision dealer, 3, Elswick East-terrace Crow W. S. printer, &c. 96, Side ; ho. G Garden-court, Gateshead Crowther David, joiner, White Hait-yard; ho. Leazes-crescent 244 DIRECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Growth er Henderson, dealer in periodicals, 16, Nelson-street Crozier John, grocer, &c. FenMe-street Crozier Ralph, grocer, I, Wellington-terrace Cruddace Geo. engineer (W. G. Armstrong and Co.) ; ho. Elswick Culley Edw. corn factor (S. & E. Culley) ; ho. 14, RyehiU Culley Sml. corn factor (S. & E. Culley); ho. 19, Ryehill Culley S. & E. c'estgate-st. and 6, Market-st. ; ho. North-terrace, L^pper Claremont Hedley Susan, dressmaker. Jessamine-place ELedley T. & Brothers, coal owners, Three Indian Kings' Court Hedley Thos. coal owner (T. Hedley and Brothers); ho. \Valker-terrace, Gateshead Hedley Thos. soap manufacturer (J.Greene & Co.); ho. New-road Hedley Thos. cabinet maker, Eldonlane, East; ho. 15, Blackett-street Hedley Thos. provision dealer, Nelson-st, North-shore Hedley Wm. coal owner (T. Hedley and Brothers); ho. Shafto House tiedley Yv^m. bootmaker, 10, Blenheim-st tiedley Ymi. cow keeper, Gallow-gate Hedley Y^m. provision dlr. Stepney-bank Hedley Y7m. butcher, 130, Pilgrim street Hedworth Yv^m. innkeeper. Close Heine Yv^endlin, clock mkr, 35, Blenheim-st Hemsley Thomas, innkeeper and brewer, Gi^een Tree Inn, ScotSAvood-road Helme Isabella, staymaker, 83, Side Hemy Henry Frederick, professor of music, 30, Nothumberland-street Henderson Ann, clothes dealer, Dog-bank Henderson Ann, vict. ^larcjuis of Granhy Inn, Dog-bank Henderson Daniel, butcher, 1, Hill-street Henderson Mrs. Elizb, 4, Lovaine-crescent DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 363 Hendersou Edwin, teacher, Carpenters' Tower, Sally port; ho. 25, Howard-street Henderson and Growther, booksellers, IG, Nelson-street Henderson Elizb. dressmkr, Sandyford-lane Henderson Jas. plumber, &c. (Ellis & Henderson); ho. 49, Garhol-street Henderson Gilbert, shipowr, 13, Howard-st Henderson Geo. S. clerk, 7, Leazes-crescent Henderson Geo. Win. agent, 4,Lovaine-crst Henderson Jas. vict. Mile Stone Inn, North Els wick Henderson Jas. butcher, 150, New Market; ho. ()4-, Westmoreland-street Henderson Jas. joiner, Castle-garth-stairs; ho. Mount pleasant, Gateshead Henderson James, plumber, etc. (Ellis and Henderson); ho. Carliol-street Henderson Jas. vict. Prince of Wales Inn, Wellington-street Henderson John, dealer in bricks, &c. 23, Yv'est Hinde-street Henderson John, gardener, 20, Shield-st Henderson John, grocer, Abinger-street Henderson John, beer-retailer,rorth-terrace Henderson John, agent, 28, Scotswood-road Henderson Jobn, fruiterer, &c. 84:,Pilgrim-st Henderson John, beerhouse, Forth-terrace Henderson John, tailor, Y\"esley-street Henderson Joseph, vict. Bircl4n-Busli Inn, 25, Pilgrim-street Henderson Jos. pawnbrkr. 12, Marlbro'.-st Henderson Miss Barbara,2,SLamfordham-pl Elenderson Miss Margt. 1, St. James's-ter Henderson Mary, eating-house, 48, High Bridge Henderson Nicholas, school-master, Wesley street; ho. Wellington street Henderson Nicholas, tailor. 18, Stowell-sq Henderson Robt. beer retailer, Eailway-st Henderson Eobt. cabinetmaker, 07, West- gate-street; ho. 88, Blenheim -street Henderson S. & R. grocei-s, 15, Grainger-st; ho. Shieldfield-green Plenderson Thos. builder, Back George-st; ho. 29, Elswick-east-terrace Henderson Thos, draper, 03, W. Ciayton-st Henderson Thos. H. timber merchant (A. Hood & Co.); ho. 12, Lovaine-place Henderson Wm. agent, 2, Hanover-place Henderson Wm. jun. hat manufacturer, 48, West Ciayton-st.; ho. 5, Argyie-street Henderson Wm. clothier, 09, Quay; ho. 48, Clayton -street Henderson Wm, shoemaker, 3, Spring-st Henderson Wm. hatter (Feench Hat Com- pany) ; ho. Argyie-street Henderson Wm. mroht. tailor, Sandyford-rd Hengham Mrs. Grace, 8, St. Thorn as's-st Henry Richard Gratton, agent, 22, EyehiU Henry Mary, staymaker, 2, Welhngton-st Henzell Charles, agent, Copland-terrace, Sandyford-lane Henzell Gabriel, cabinet mkr. Morrisons-ct Henzell Wm. Milburn, grocer, &c. 91, West Clayton-street; ho. 29, Bayley-street Hepburn Henry, -working silversmith, 14, Bayley-street Heppell & Co. corn merchants, Watergate, Sandhill Heppell Ann, milliner, 05, Grainger-street; ho. Railwaj^-slreet Heppell John Todd, corn merchant (Hep- pell & Co.); ho. Jesmond Vale House Heppell Margt. prov. dealer. Railway-street Heppell Thos. vict. Gardeners' Arms Inn, 7, High Bridge Heppell Wm. Henry, corn merchant (Hep- pell & Co.); ho. St. Mary's-terrace Hepper Mrs. Priscilla, 8, Canada-street Hepper Wm. upholsterer, 27, Nelson-street Elepple Margery E. dressmaker, 02, Grain- ger-street Hepple Thos. bootmaker, 24, Blackett-st Hepvvorth Matthw, cloth mrcht. 18, Grey-st Hepworth Thos. agent, 5, Richmond-street Herdman Thos. cabinet mkr, 33, Westgate Heriot Rev. Geo. incumbent of St. Ann's ; ho. 4, Prospect-place, Shieldfield Hernaman John, proprietor of ''Journal," 47, Grey-street Heron Alice Ann, shopkeeper, St. Peter's Heron Miss Charlotte, 22, Eldon-square Heron Richard, innkeeper, Three Bulls' Heads Inn, Milk Market, Sandgate Pleron Roger, vict. Fighting Cocks Inn, Bigg Market Heron William, grocer, 36, Bigg Market Herring Edward, goods department, Y.N. and B.R., 8, Melbourne-street Herring John, merchant, Close ; ho. 13, Lovaine terrace Herron G. & Son, smiths, South-street Herron Geo. cabinet maker, Fleece-court, Gallow gate Hesket John, felhuonger & leather dresser, Ouseburn Heslop Christopher, commission agent, Drury-lane ; ho. 2, Strawberry-place Heslop Henry Penn, wine & spirit mrclmt. (John Nixon & Co.); ho. G, W. Parade Heslop Jos. relieving officer, Ciavering-pl Heslop Mark, vict. Golden Tiger Inn, 143, Pilgrim street 204 ClEECTOBt OF KEWCASTL^-rPOK-TYKE. Heslop Sarab, school, Clavering-place Heslop Thomas, heerhouse, Sunderland-st Hetheringtou Christopher, hat mnfr. 24, Groat Market Hetherington Hem-ietta, cheesemonger, 52, St. Nicholas's-square Hetherington Jane, shopkeeper, Ouseburn Hetherington John, brazier& hardwareman, 67, Grainger-street Hetherington J. hat mnfr. 126, Pilgrim-st; ho. Percy-court Hetherington Tlios. prov. dealer, Carr-st Hewett Jas. commission-agent, 27, Y\"est- moreland-street Hewetson Pvichard, painter and glazier, Eighting Cock yard, Bigg Market; ho. Wesley-street Hewison Chrlt. Julia, tchr, 11, Lovaine-ter He^\ison D. Sc E. school, 20, Elswick-row | Hewison Ions, solicitor, 48, Westgate-st ; j ho. 2, East George-street He\^ison Jonathan W. cattle salesman ; ho. 10, Elswick-row Hewison Lawrence, corn fctr. 38, Sandhill ; ho. Wingrove house, Benwell Hewitson John, gent. II, Cumberland-row Hewitson John, optician, mathematical in- strument maker, &c. 76, Grey-st ; ho. 4, Isixon's-street, Ban-as biidge Hewson M, W. butcher, 36, New Market; ho. Hill's-place Higgius John, town crier, Manor-chare Higgins William H. straw i)lait manfr. 18, Grainger-street Highmoor Geo. dogger, 15, George-street Hildreth Jas. tailor, 1, Princess-street Hill Dennis, draper, etc. (Hill, Nicholson, & Hodgson, and Hill & Drury) ho. North Shields Hill & Drury, hosiers, 18, Dean-street Hill Jacob, provision dealer, marine store dealer, and watch glass manufacturer, East Ballast hills Hill John, provision dealer, Sandgate Hill John, tin plate worker, Pilgrini-street Hill Mary & Isabella, provision dealers, Yictoria cottage, Westmoreland-tei-race Hill Nicholson & Hodge, drapers and clothiers, 16, Grainger-street Hill Sarah, dressmaker, Lambton-place Hill Wm. furniture broker, 175, Pilgrim-st Hills S: Davidson, prov.dlrs. 79, Westgate-st Hills E. S. com. traveller, 44, Grey-street; ho. 5, Summerhill grove Hills Edward S. commission agent, Victoria Hall, Grey street Hills John, brazier, 11, Pilgrim-street Hills Jane, prov. dealer (Hills ctDavidson) ; ho. Windmill-ter. Gateshead Hills Thomas, shipbuilder, Tyne-street Hills Wm. shopkeeper, 170, Pilgiim-street Hilly ard Benjamin, junr. ship & insurance broker, commission agent, and agent for the National Guardian Assurance Society, 36, Quayside ; ho. Bloomfield terrace, Gateshead Hind George, vict. Brown Jug Inn, Forth banks Hind Henry, gentleman, 15, Albion-street Hind John, grocer, 16, Wellington-street Hinde John H. gentl. 9, Saville-row Hindhaugh James, grocer (J. Hindhaugh & Co.); ho. 9, Simpson-street Hindhaugh John Sz Co. grocers, 22, Cloth :\[arket Hindhaugh John grocer (J. Hindhaugh & Co.); ho. 22, Cloth Market Hindhaugh Nathaniel (representatives of), timber merchant, Ouseburn Hindhaugh Nathaniel, timber merchant, 6, Eldon place Hindmarch John, chimney sweeper, Close Hindmarsh Ann, confectr. 29, Newgate-st Hindmarsh Thos. cart proprietor, Seam-st Hindmarsh Wm. tailor, 30, Crescent-place Hirst Thomas, vict., Barras Bridge Hotel, Sandy ford-lane Hines Henry B. accountant, 6, Eidley-pl Hinton, Thos. C. draper, 14, Mansfield-st Hobkirk Wm. agent, 22, Eichmond-st Hobkirk William, greengrocer, 221, New Market; ho. Grainger-street Hobson Joseph, shoemaker. Back-lane Hodge Sz Harle, sohcitors, (tc. 70, Grey-st Hodse Geo. W. sohcitor (Hodge & Harle); ho^ 21, Eyehill Hodge John, gentleman, 5, St. James's-st Hodge Eowland, gentl. 5, St. James's-st Hodge William, draper, &c. (Hill, Nichol- son & Hodge); ho. 7, Lovaine crescent Hodgshon George, draper and tailor, 71, Grej'-st.; ho. 5, Cumberland-row Hodgson Anthony, rabbit down manufac- turer, 82, Pilgrim-street Hodgson Chas. watchmaker, 11, Newgate st Hodgson Charles, innkeeper, commission and general agent, Adrian's Head Inn, Els wick-lane Hodgson G. broker, 21, Quay-side Hodgson James, gentleman, 32, Eldon-st Hodgson James, painter, 14, Westgate-st Hodgson John, vict. Eagle Tavern, Diana-st Hodgson John Joseph, com, ti-aveller ; ho. 2, Framlington-place DIBEOTORY 05* KEWCASTLE-tlPON-TYKE* S65 Hodgson Joseph John, com. agent, 27, Dean-street; ho. 2, Framhngton-place Hodgson Leonard, vict. Coach and Horses, Bigg Market Hodgson Mary Ann, teacher, 50, Carliol-st Hodgson Rachael, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Hodgson Ealph, coffee roaster, Side ; ho. Back Oxford-street Hodgson R. W. shipbroker, 33, Quay; ho. North Dean Hodgson Eobert, prov, dealer, 7, King-st Hodgson T. & J. corn mrchnts. 1 Butcher-bk Hodgson Wm. fruit merchant, 214, New Market; ho. Friar-street Hogarth Isaac, artist, 6, Grainj^er-street Hogarth Thomas, hairdresser, Ouseburn Hogarth Thamas Campbell, picture dealer, 41, Grey-street; ho. Heaton Cottage Hogarth Wm. greengrocer, 235, NewMkt.; ho. Prudhoe-street Hogg Adam, nurseryman and seedsman, Scotswood-road Hogg Mrs. Ann, 2, Summer-hill-ten-ace Hogg & Co. joiners, Gallow-gate; ho. Denton-burn Hogg George, vict. Bridge Inn, 10, Quay Hogg George, butcher, 187, New Market; ho. Brandling-place Hogg Geo. commercial trareller, 3, Hare-st Hogg John, clerk, York-street Hogg Jobn, furniture brkr. 166, Pilgrim-st Hngg John, master mariner, 37, Howard-st Hogg John, smith. Stepney-bank Hogg John Owen, accountant, 64, Grey-st., ho. Summer-hill-place Hogg Mary, tin-plate worker, 69, Side Hogg Michael, tin-plate worker, 68, Side ; ho. West Parade Hogg Nathaniel, joiner, 8, William-street Hogg Ralph, joiner, Gallow-gate Hogg Thomas, draper, 11, Grey-street; ho. Widdrington, near Morpeth Hogg Thos. gentleman. Low Swinburne-pl Hogg Wm. butcher, 182, New Market; ho. Brandling place Hogg William, builder and innkeeper, Smiths' Arms Inn, Edward-street, Ar- thur's-hill Hogg Mr. Wilham, Argyle-terrace Hogg WilUam, beerhouse, Edward-street Hoggins James, auctioneer, &c. Arcade; ho. West Jesmond Hollenius Lauritz, merchant (Hollenius & Sheardown) ; ho. 37, Westmoreland-ter Hollenius & Sheardown, merchls. 33, Quay Hollinshead James, earthenware manufac- turer, Ouseburn; ho. Stepney Yilla Holloway Edward, draper, &c. (Hall & Hol- loway) ; ho. 6, St. Thomas's -terrace Holme Joseph Johnson, agent, Russell-terr Holme Thomas, gentleman, Albion-place Holmes Andrew, shomaker, Wellington-st Holmes J. bootmaker, Bath- terrace Holmes John, shipbroker, &c. (Forster & Holmes); ho. Wilkinson's-buildings Holmes John, earthenware mnfr. Ouseburn Holmes John, ironfounder, 37, Bigg Mkt. ; ho. 10, Westgate-street Holmes John, shoemaker, Forth-banks Holmes John, vict. Thornton- street Hotel, Thornton-street Holmes Stephen, pork butcher, 45, St. Nicholas's-square, and 23, New Market Holmes Thomas, bootmaker, 6, Gibson-st Holmes Wm. land agent. Grey-street ; ho. 28, West Parade Holmes Wm. Henr}^ glass merchant, 45, Grey-street; ho. 2, East Parade Holstead Rev. T. Dnl. 4, St. Thomas's-terr Holt WiUiam Thompson, grocer and pro- vision dealer, Diana-street Honeyman and Co. sharebrokers, &c. Painter-heugh Honeyman Joseph, prov. dlr. 25, Nelson-st Hood Anthony & Co. timber merchants, 21, Broad-chare Hood George Young, surgeon, 31, West- gate-street Hood Thomas, tailor, 16, Percy-street Hope Thomas M. draper, 3, Charlotte-sq Hopkin Wm. jeweller and goldsmith, 48, Pilgrim-street Hopkinson Robert, hlanket manufacturer, Works, Birstal, near Leeds ; ho. St. Ann's-street, Sandgate HopkirkChas. com. traveller, 14, Edward-st Hopper A. & R. shipbldrs. & patent slipway. Coney-close, and Nelson-st. North-shore Hopper Ambrose, shipbuilder, &c. (A. & R. Hopper) ; ho. 29, Richmond-street Hopper John, shipbroker (In go & Hopper) ; ho. Orchard- street Hopper John, tobacconist, &c. 47, Pilgrim-st; ho. 12, Carliol-street Hopper Joseph, corn miller, Swirle ; ho. Orchard House Hopper Joseph, jun. flour dealer, 103, Pil- grim-street Hopper Margaret, cooper, 10, Side ; ho. 37, Butcher-bank Hopper Richard, shipbuilder, &c. (A. & R. Hopper) ; ho. 4, Gibson-street Horn Thomas, book and music seller, 32 and 33, Groy-st; ho. 42,Cumberl;\nd-row Q66 DIRECTORY OF KEWGASTLE-UPON-TTNE, Horn Thomas, beer retailer, Gallow-gate Horn Ann e IMaria ,vict. Percy Arms, Percy-st Hornsby Tlios. vict. New Dolphin Tavern, 41, Close Hornsby Wm. butcher, 40, Pudcling-chare ; and 67, High-street, Gateshead Horsfall Thos. currier, leather mrchnt. &c. (Jobson & Horsfall) ; ho. York-st, Elsvvk Horsfield Alex. prov. dlr. Jesmond-vale Horsley John, hasketmaker, 20, Newgate-st Horsley John, draper, (Mackey, Smith, & Co.) ; ho. Piavensworth-ter. Gateshead Horsley James, shopkeeper. Churchill st Hothani Henry, commission traveller, 13, Elswick-ro^y Hotham William, grocer, 3, Quay; ho. 21, Eavenshead-terrace, Gateshead Hotham Wilham Sutton, agent, 4, Kyehill Hounslow Geo. store dealer. High Pitt-st Plouseman John, M.D., and surgeon, CO, Eldon-row, Percy-street How George, builder, Blenheim-street; ho. Yilla Cottage Howard Ann, prov. dealer, 11, Churchill-st Howard John, currier, 2, Pudding-chare Howard Thomas, builder and contractor (Yvaite and Howard); ho. Hinde-street Howarth John, prison keeper. Moot Hall Howatson Robt. drpr. ( Brand & Howatson); ho. B, Brunswick-place Howe John, tailor, 8, Bath-row Howe and Anderson, provision dealers, C, B uckin gham-street Howey Mrs. Ann, 14, Eldon-place Howey Mrs. Mary, 3, Carlton-place Howey Michael, vict.I??ac/v^u/ZIn7i,Tocld's- nook Howey IMichael, butcher, 122, Market Howie William, joiner and cabinet maker, 39, Bigg Market ; ho. 34, Stowell-street Hownam John, smith, Byker-hill Howse Richard, inland revenue officer, 23, Hewgill-terrace Hoyle John Theodore, solicitor and deputy coroner, 72, Grey-st. ; ho. 40, Leazes-ter Hoyle Richard, metal brkr. &c. 14, Sandhill ; ho. Denton Hall Hoyle Eobson, & Co. seed crushers, &c. 58, Close Hudson Chas. painter, foot of Westgate-st Hudson G. vict. Lowtlier Inn, 24, Bigg Mkt Hudson Geo. prov. dlr. 18, Cloth Market Hudson Heury, glass manufacturer ; ho. 3, Princess-street Hudson Henry, vict. Wheat Sheaf, Bigg Market Hudson Heuiy, rag merchant, New-road Hudson James, marine store dealer, and paper manufacturer, New-road ; works, Orpeth Paper Mills Hudson James, marine store dealer, 21, Waterloo street, and 56, Newgate-street Hudson Mrs. 10, Lovaine-cresceut Hudson Matthew, tailor & drpr. Byker-hill Hudson Thos. glass cutter, 45, Blackett-st Hudson W^m. Cotton, drpr. 33,Brandling-pl Hudspeth Cuthbert, beer retailer and prov. dealer, Carlton-street Hudspeth Dinah, vict. Gosforth Inn, Gos- forth-street Hudspeth Eleanor, prov. dealer, St. Peter's Hudspeth Hannah, lodgings, Shield-street Hudspeth Jane, furn. broker, 17, Pilgrim-st Hudspeth Rachael, cabinetmaker, Dogbank Hugill Jane, provision dealer, Ingham-pl Humble Ann, hasketmaker, 13, Union-st. & Pudding-chare Htimble C. basket manfr. 13, Union street Humble Christina, milliner, 65, West Ciayton-street Humble Christopher, butcher, 141, New Market ; ho. "West Clayton-street Plumble Charles, billiard rooms, 9. Shak- spear-street Humble Charlton, agent, Wesley-street Humble Very Rev. Jos. Canon of Hexham, St. Mary'"s Catholic Cathedral, West Claylon-street ; ho. Derwent-place Humble Mrs. Isabella, 7, Strawberry-place Humble Mrs. iNlary, 35, Blackett-street Humble Thomas, manufacturer of water closet pans, and other articles for sanitary purposes; works, at St. Lawrence; ho. Scotswood Htnnble W. J. gentl. 13, Sr. Thomas's-cres Humble Jos. Wright, avooI stapler, Manors ; ho. 12, Brandling-place Humble Mary Ann, milliner, 92, West Clayton-street Humble Stephen, artist, 39, Blackett-street Humble Thomas, M.D.4, Eldon-square Humble Thomas, vinegar manufacturer, Orchard-street Humble Thomas, tallow chandler, Bell's- close ; ho. Scotswood Hum© Ellen, provision dealer, head of George street Hume Robt. prov. dlr. 3, Northumberland-st Hum|)hrey William R. timber measurer and scriever, boat builder, and commission agent, Bop efs Arms Inn, Nelson-stieet Hunam Fenwick, cheesemonger, 101, Side ; ho. 10, Oxford-street Hunt Mr. Benjamin, 0, Eldou-square DIEECTOEY OF KEWCASTLE-UPOK-TYNE» m Plunt Henry, provision dlr. 155, Pilgrim-st Hunt John H. managing partner, Birtley Ironworks, 71, Quay; ho. Birtley Hall Hunter Abra. sol. New-court, West Gate-st Hunter Andrew, veterinary surgeon, 83, Xewgate-street Hunter Edward, cart proprietor, Ocbard-st Hunter & Erichsen, merchants, 4, Sandhill Hunter Greorge, cheesemonger, 5, Grain ger- street and 117, Side; ho. Leazes-terrace Hunter George, furniture broker, 90, New Market ; ho. Westgate-hill Hunter Jacob, prov, dealer, 7, Northum- berland-street Hunter Jacob, baker and fiour dealer, 09, Groat Market Hunter James, veterinary surgeon, 37, Bigg Market; ho. Eacket-court Hunter John, provision dealer, Pandon Hunter John, marine store dealer, 174, Pilgrim-street Hunter John Joseph, merchant, (Hunter and Erichsen); ho. 20 Eldon-place Plunter Ralph, ironmonger, 41, Mosley-st Hunter Robert, cabinet maker. Dog bank Hunter Robert, dyer, 46, High-bridge ; ho. St. Nicholas's church-yard Hunter Thos. eating house, 87, Newgate-st Hunter William, coalntter. Three Indian King's-court; ho. Walker-ter. Gateshead Hunter WilHam, commercial traveller, 3, Summerhill-place Hunter WiUiam, colliery viewer, Moor House Hunter William, Ouseburn brewery; ho. 5 an dyford-lane Hunter William R. ship broker (Blackbird 6 Hunter); ho. Lovaice-cresent Huntley John, dairyman, Nixon's-place, Percy street Huntley John, stationer, 17, Side; ho. Leazes-lane Hurst Mary, eating house. Manor-street Hurst Thomas, vict. Barras Bridge Hotel, 1, Jesmond-terrace Hutchinson Abram, agent, 5, Spring-garden- terrace Hutchinson Ann, greengrocer, 220, New Market; ho. 12, Waterloo-street Hutchinson Conyers, commercial traveller, Adelphi-place Hutchinson Edward, shipowner, 1, Union- terrace Hutchinson Elizabeth, vict. Marquis of Blandford Inn, 1, Blandfordstreet Hutchinson George, provision dealer, ] 20, Pilgrim- street Hutchinson Isabella, butcher. Market ; ho. 38, Blackett-street Hutchinson James, chemist (Currie and Hutchinson); ho. 5, North- terrace Hutchinson John, tailor. Byker-hill Hutchinson Mary and Isabella, butchers, 79, Nev/ Market: ho. Carliol-street Hutchinson ilatthew, tallow chandler, 7, St. Nicholas's Church-yard Hutchinson jMiss Jane, 54, Leazes-terrace Hutchinson Thomas, butcher, 137, New Market; ho. Spring-street Hutchinson Thomas, miller, New-mills; ho. and shop, Wellington street Hutchinson William, bone setter, 1, Marl- borough-sti'eet Hutchinson William, butcher, 171, New Market, and vict, 3IiU House, Spital Tongues E[utchinson Wm. J. coalfitter. Three Indian Kings-court, Quay; ho. 24, Oxford- st Hutton Andrew, hairdresser, 40, Newgate- street; ho. Grosvenor-street, Gateshead Hutton George, veterinary surgeon (Hutton and Wilkinson); ho. 79, Pilgrim-street Hutton John, draper, Szg, (Hutton and Rhind); ho. Tynemouth Hutton and Rhind, drapers and tailors, 36, Mosley- street Hutton and Wilkinson, veterinary surgeons, 79, Pilgrim-street Plutton William, block and mast manufr. 3, St. Ann's-row and Quay Hyslop Charles, wholesale china, glass and earthenware dealer, Staffordshire Ware- house, 65, Quay-side I' ANSON Wilham, surgeon, Arthur's- hill Ilderton Sanderson, gentleman, 4, ElHson- place Imrie David, shoemaker, Hanover-street Ingham Charles, beer retailei', 41, Pudding- chare Ingham Charles, hatter, King-street Ingledew & Daggett, solicitors, 55, Dean-st Ingledev/ Henry, solicitor (Ingledew and Daggett) ; ho. 21, Lovaine -place Ingow and Hopper, ship brokers. Three Indian King's-court Ingo John, ship broker (Ingo & Hoper) ; ho. 25, Richmond-street Ingo William, gentleman, 2. Nortli-terrace Ingram John, agent, New Bridge- street Innes Jane and Mary, dress makers, 20, S t am f ordh a m -pi ace Inness George, market keeper, 104, East Clnyton-street ms DIRECTORT OP NEWCASTLE-UPON-TTNE, Intelmann, Eose & Co. commission agents, 32, Quay- Ions James, agent to glass works. Forth- banks Ions John, grocer, 71, Westgate-street Ions John, brass founder. Neville-street; ho. 5, Els\A'ick-row Ions Thomas, organist, 32, Eye-hill Ireland Mary, organist, 37, Blaclcett-street Ireland Eobert, marine store dealer, 20, Buckingham-street Ireland Eobert Hill, sec. to Northern Trades Protection Society, 3, Bath-lane Irons Geo. Eobt. surgeon (Paget & Irons); ho. 21, Northumberland-street Irvine Eev. Walter, incumb. of All Saints', 4, Carlton-terrace Irving James, gentleman, 6, Forth-lane Irving John, joiner, 21, Vine-lane Irving John, draper, 6, Blenheim-street Irving Jos. cart propi'ietor, I'andon-dean Irwin Chas. grocer, &c. 17, St. John's-lane; ho. .51, Cumberland-row Irwin John, gentleman, 9, Lisle-street Irwin John Phibbs, agent, and sec. to Com mercial Association, 1, Mansfield-st Isaacs Alex, jeweller. Quayside; ho. 1, Ellison-terrace Ismay John, chemist (Daglish & Ismay); ho. 18, Albion-place lung Adolphus, tailor, East Clayton-st Iveson James, butcher, 1, Carr-street Ivison Joseph, tailor, 7, George street Ivison Thomas, builder, 3, Lan caster- st JACK Eichd. agent, 2, Summer-hill-place Jackson Ann, eating-house, 12, East Clay- ton street Jackson Collingwood F. mercht. 37, Quay; ho. 12, Eldon-square Jackson Edwd. gentleman, 18, Eldon-sq Jackson Francis, agent, 11, West Clayton- st.; ho. 12, St. James's-street Jackson Henry, tailor, 7, "Wellington-ter Jackson Mrs. Isab. 22, Leazes-crescent Jackson ]\Irs. Jane, Wesley-terrace Jackson John, chemist, 87, Pilgrim-st Jackson John E. painter, &c. 19, Percy-st Jackson JohnWray, mechanist & engineer, 21, Westgate; ho. 98, Blenheim-st Jackson Mrs. Mary, 15, Leazes-crescent Jackson Eobert, joiner, &:c. Byker-hill Jackson Eobert, whitesmith, 70, Westgate- street; ho. 26, YiUa-place Jackson Thos. cartmau, 2, Prudhoe-place Jackson William, clothes dealer, 9, Castle- garth-stairs Jackson Wm. agent, 4, Mansfield-st Jackson Thos. flour dealer, 98, East Clay-- ton-street; ho. 1, Prudhoe-pla^e Jackson Wm. cabinetmaker and funeral fur- nisher, 105, Percy-st; ho. 14, Prudhoe-st Jackson W^. hamesmaker, 37, Bigg Market; ho. Nuns-lane, Gateshead Jackson William, joiner & house cai-penter, 17, William-street, Arthur's-hill Jackson Wm. painter, 4, Newgate-street ; ho. 2, St. Mary's-place James C.& Co. asphalte mnufrs. 8, Grey-st James C. & Co. grocers, 68, Blackett-st James and Co. lead manufactrs. Ouseburn James Edward, lead manufacturer, (James and Co.); ho. Holeyn Hall James Edward, joiner, Adelaide-place James Elizabeth, Temperance Hotel, 136, Pilgrim-street James Frances, milliner, 20, Eichmond-st James John, joiner, 48, Groat Market ; ho. 92, Newgate-street James John, cabinetmaker, 80, Piigrira-st James John Walker, accountant, Minden-pl James T. vict. Burton Arms Inn, Croft-st James Thomas, bookkeeper for Plues & King, 28, Westgate street Jameson Ann, pawnbroker. Broad c hae; ho. New Bridge-street Jameson and Co. ironmongers, &c. 35, Dean-street Jameson James Young, gent. Els wick-villas Jameson John, accountant, 100, Percy-st Jameson John, butcher, 37, New Market ; ho. ] 1, Eldon-place Jameson John, teacher, Elswick-street Jameson Matilda, lodgings, 55, Leazes-ter Jameson Ealpb, shipbroker, Plummer's-ch , Quay ; ho. 9, Eegent-street Jameson Thos. butcher, 144, New Market, and B arras-bridge Jameson Thomas, butcher, 58, Percy-st Jameson Thomas, ironmonger (Jameson & Co.) ; ho. Barras-bridge Jamieson Alexander, draper. Shield-street Janson Charles, iron merchant (Mounsey, Jauson & Co.); ho. Shotley-bridge Jappie George, m. mariner, 2, Carlton-st Jardine Mr, Edward A. 6, Blenheim-street Jardine Wm. draper, 17, Sunderland-st Jay Peter, professor of music, 3, Lower Swinburne-place Jay Wm. F. professor of music, 3, Lower Swinburne-place Jefferson Henrj', agent, 60, Eldon-street Jetferson Eobt. builder and farmer, Todd's Nook > J^\ .'19/1^0 ,9B''"'-'^-' -*03C'j ;. II DIEECTOBY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, 269 Jefferson & Douglas, brickmakers, Todd's Nook Jeflfery Alexander, grocer, 20, Newgate-st Jeffrey Alexander, prov. dealer, Cliurchill-st Jeffrey Alex. prov. dlr. 16, Blenheheim-st Jeffrey Eliz. boarding house, 92, Pilgrim- st Jeffrey George, stone merchant and builder, Grave quarry ; ho. 14, Elswick-street Jeffrey John, provision dealer, Kent-street Jeffrey Joshua, prov. dlr. 19, Churchill-st Jeffi^ey Thomas B. hotel keeper (Breach and Jeffrey); ho. Central Station Hotel Jenkins H. confectioner, 19 & 20, Dean-st ; ho. 38, Cumberland-row Jenkins Thomas, dyer, 9, Gallow-gate Jenkins Thomas, relieving officer for All Saints' Argyle-place Jenkins Wm. picture dlr. 22, St. Martin's-ct Jenkinson Isabella, canvas manufacturer, Byker chare, Quay Jennings Joseph G. agent. East Parade Jennings Patrick, prov. dealer, Sandgate Jess Charles, grocer, Pitt-street Jewett John, grocer, &c. 6, East Clayton-st; ho. 101, Clayton -street Jewitt & Taylor, ragwool manufacturers, New Mills Jewitt Jno. ragwool manufacturer, (Jewitt & Taylor) ; ho. Tynemouth Jobey Benjamin, cowkeeper, 2, Bath-lane Jobey Hannah, dyer, 55, Gibson-street Jobling Caleb, plumber, 1, Lisle-st ; ho. 2, Lisle-street Jobling Elizabeth, vict. Glassmalcers' Arms Inn, St. Peter's Jobling John, shipbroker and coalfitter, 19, Quay; ho. 10, Carlton-place Jobling John, commercl. travlr. 8, Nixon-st Jobling Margaret, hosier, 4, Side Jobling Mark Lambert, solicitor, 53, West- gate-street; ho. 61, Eldon-row Jobling Robert, shipping master. Broad- chare ; ho. 24, Picton-place Jobling Eobert, butcher, 32, Westgatest; ho. Spicer-lane Jobling T. W. mining engineer, 12, Quay; ho. Jarrow Jobson, Brothers & Co. cornfactors, coal- exporters, shipbrokers, and commission merchants, 77, Quayside Jobson & Horsfall, curriers, leather mer- chants and commission agents, Stowell- street, Darn Crook Jobson Edw. currier and leather merchant, &c. (Jobson & Horsfall) ; ho. 22, E/Evensworth-terrace, Gateshead Jobson George, carver, 74, Grey-st Jobson Ebenezer Septimus, cornfactor, &C' (Jobson, Brothers & Co.); ho. Hartlepool Jobson Henry Charles, cornfactor, &e ; (Jobson, Brothers & Co.) ; ho. 19, Elswick-row Jobson John, vict. Croxon Inn, 30, Westgate Jobson John, vict. Waterloo Inn, Bath-lane, Westgate Jobson Thomas, cornfactor, &c. (Jobson, Brothers & Co.); 77, Quayside Jobson Robert, butcher, 107, New Market; ho. Gallowgate Jobson Wm. butcher, 106, New Market ; ho. 59, Newgate-street Joel Alexr. vict. White Hart Inn, Cloth Market Joel Jos. Geo. solicitor, 60, Grey st ; ho. 7, Ryehill-street Joel S. & M. watch glass makers, Shaks- peare-street Joel Simeon, watch glass maker (S. & M. Joel); ho. 7, Eyehill Johnson Ann, hearse, cab, and mourning coach proprietor. Orchard-street Johnson Ann, butcher, 85, Percy-street Johnson Anthony, milliner, 24, Newgate-st Johnson & Co. wine merchants, 23, Market- street Johnson Ebenezer K. prov. dlr. 6, Hinde-st Johnson Edward, wine merchant, (Johnson & Co.) ; 23, Marlvet-street, and the Dean- ery, Chester-le-street Johnson Elzb. haberdshr. 1, Cottenham-st Johnson & Fleming, grocers, 135, Pilgrim- st Johnson Francis, joiner, &c. 39, Bigg Mkt Johnson Francis, wine merchant, (Johnson & Co.); ho. Charlotte-square and Low NeAvton Johnson Geo. vict. Sun Inn, Bj^ker-bank Johnson J. haircutter, &c. Hanover-st Johnson James, butcher, 85, Percy-st. and 108, New Market Johnson Jas. beerhouse, 46, Blandford-st Johnson Jas. haircutter, 39, Low Friar-st Johnson John, agent, 17, Shield-st Johnson John, mustard manufacturer and innkeeper, Brandling village Johnson John, rope manufacturer. Dent's hole Johnson John, spirit mrcht. Manor- chare ; ho. 2, Picton-place Johnson John, jun. commercial traveller, 2, Picton-place Johnson, John, sen. winemerchan 1: ho. 2, Picton-place Johnson Joseph, merchant, Szc. (Sveusdeu & Johnson), ho. Leazes terrace 270 DIEECTOEY OP NEWCASTLE-UPO^'-TYNE. Jolinson Mai'garet & Ellen, milliners, 23, Grey-street Johnson Mary, shopkeeper, Byker-bank Johnson E. gentleman, Yilla de St. George, Percy-street Johnson Eobt. grocer (Johnson cfeFleming); ho. 3, East Parade Johnson Mr. T. B. Orchard-street Johnson Thos. architect, 41, Groat Market Johnson V\'ra. tailor and draper (Stai'k & Johnson); ho. 7, St. ]Mary's-place Johnson Y\'ilham,Llacks!iiiLh,Forth-terrace Johnson Wm. vict. Stag Inn, 43, Percy-st Johnson Wm, drape?', 86, Blandford-street Jolnison Wm. gentl. 7, St. Mary's-place Jolinson cfc White, eating house, 45, Sand- hill Johnston Thos. tailor, 18, George-street Johnston Wm. solicitor, 36, Mosley-st; ho. 112, Blenheim-street Johnstone John, architect, 17, Clayton-si. West Johnstone Jar/jes, prov. dealer, Bucking- ham-street Joicey Geo. engineer (J. & G. Joicy) ; ho. Charlotte-place, West St. Gateshead i Joicey J. &G. & Co. engineers, Forth Banks Joicey James, engineer (J. & G-. Joicy) and coalcwner, 31, Quayside; ho. Bensham Lodge Jolly David, tailor, 11, Croft street Jonassohn David, coalov>mer. Three Indian King's-court ; ho. Usworth Jones Jam.es, com. traveller, 7, Villa-place Jones Jane, provision dlr. 38, Westgate-st Jones Eev. John, curate, All Saints Jones Eobt. cabinet-maker, 14, Albion -st Jones Thos. gentleman, Hanover-street Jones Thomas, professor of music, 10, Wellington -terrace Jopling Francis T. butcher, 2, Eing-st. and 161, New Market Jopling Thomas, prov. dlr. 80, \N'estgate-st Jordon C. E. shopkeeper, 1G8, Pilgrim-st Jordon John, auctioneer, Northum.berlaud-ct Joseph B. & Co. outlitters, 78, Grey street Joseph Barnet, outfitter (B. Joseph & Go.) ; ho. Bensham, Gateshead Joy Thomas, agent, Mansfield-street Joyce Isabella, publican, West Clayton-st Joyce Eichard, tailor, 2, Blandford-street KABEEEY & Bilton, livery stable keepers. Princess -street Kaberry Leonard, livery stable keeper flva- berry & Bilton) ; ho. 15, Brunswick -pi Kay Mrs. Margery, 44, Jessamine-place KayeYfilliam, bookseller, artist's colourman, music seller, &c. 5, Blackett-street ; ho. 23, Lovaine-place Keen Eobert, cart proprietor, Oak's-place Keenleyside Eobert, tea merchant, 35, Bigg Market; ho. 6, Stamfordham-place Keenly side Thomas Wm. attorney, 16, Westgate -street; ho. Carlton House, B arras Bridge Keil David, provision dealer, 7, Marl- borough- street Keith John, house carpenter. Seam-street Kell Eichard &: Co. grindstone manufac- turers, 33. Quay Kelley Patrick, furniture broker. New-road Kelly James, bookbinder (Kelly & Waters); 5, Summer-hill-place Kelly James, sea captain, 25, Gibson street Kelly J. bootmaker, BLandford-street Kelly James, provision dealer, Waterloo-st Kelly Mrs. Janet, 4, St. James-street Kelly & Waters, bookbinders, 20, Nelson-st Kendle Elizabeth, china dealer, &c. 4, Northumberland-street Kenmir Alex. prov. deaJer, 48, Newgate-st Kennady David, tailor and draper, 133, Pil- grim-street Kennady Martin & .John, drapers, S6, West Clayton-st. ; ho. Blenheim-street Kennady Thomas, vict. Cookson's Arms Inn, Hanover-street Kennady Thos. dyer, 5, Spring Garden-ter Kennady Wm. painter, 133, Pilgrim-street Kennady Wm. jun. painter, 1, Adelaide-pl Kenneday Wm. furniture broker. Dog- bank Kennedy Wm. joiner and cabinet maker, Wall-knoll ; ho. 10, Dog-bank Kennon James, bootmaker, Leazes-lane Kenny "Wm. H.M. Customs, Copland-teiT Kent Z>Ir. Benjamin, 57, "Westgate-street Kent Ethelbert, beerretailer, Spital Tongues Kent John Hall, hatter, 2S, Mosley-st.; ho. Greenfield House KeiitJos. grocer, 32, Dean-street; ho. 21, Leazes-teiTace Kent Mary & Jane, dressmakers, Croft-st Kent Eobt. hatter, 40, Collingwood-st. ; ho. 57, Westgate-streei Kerr John, hairdresser, 163, Pilgrim-street Kerr Thomas, bootmaker, 17, Butcher-bank Ketelle Samuel Walker, professor of music, 14, Saville-row Kettle James, draper, 20, Quay; ho. 3, Argyle-terrace Kidd'john, cattle salesman, 6, Marlbro'-st Kidd John, gardener, Arthurs-hill Kidd John, inland revenue officer, Shield st I DIRECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. sn Kidman Peter, teacher, Centenary Chapel, St. Lawrence Kilburn John, brushfinisher, 5, East Els- wick-terrace Kilgour Sarah, prov. dealer, Blandford-st Kilvington Joha, 5, Nixon-street Kimpster John, grocer, &c. (J. & J. Kimp- ster) ; 1, Walker -terrace, Gateshead Kimpster J. Sz J. grocers & share brokers, 35, Sandhill Kioipster Joseph, grocer, See. (J. &. J. Kimp- ster) ; ho. Claremont-place, Gateshead Kimpster Wm. coaltitter, o'S, Quay; ho. Walker-terrace, Galesliead King James, carver, 92, Newgate-street King Thos. beerhouse. Oyster-shell-lane King Thos. vet. siu'geon (Plues Sc Kii3g); ho. 28, Westgate street Kinghorn Jane, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Kinnear A. & Co. cabinet makers, Bigg Market Kinnear Andrew, cabinet maker (A. Kin- near cz Co.); ho. 12, Buckingham-street Kinnear Mich, clockmaker, 7, High Friar-st Kirk James, agent, 81, .Pilgrim-street Kirkley Edward, innkeeper. Castle-garth Kirkley James, ale and porter merchant, 4 and 5, Manor-st. ; ho. 9, St. James's- st Kirkley Thomas 0. beer retailer, Erick-st Knkpatrick Wm. D. & Co. wine and spirit merchants. Manor-street Kirkpatrick Wm. D. wine and spirit mer- chant ( W. D. Kirkpatrick & Co.) ; ho. Picton-place Kirkup Lancelot, agent. Orchard-street Kirkup Sarah, prov. dealer. Duke-street Kirkup Thos. draper, 8, Buxton-street Kirsop E. F. & Co. grocers, Nun-street and 6, Bean-street Kirsop Thomas, mason, 2, Cottenham-st Kirton George, coal, lime, and lire brick merchant. Old Carlisle Station Depot, No. 4, and general cartman. Lead-stairs,. Quayside ; ho. Benwell Farm Kirton John, builder, 8, Eldou-place Kirton William, blacksmith, cartwright and farmer, Denton Hill-head, near Newcastle Kirton Wra. watchmaker, 14, CoUingwood-st Kitchen John, prov. dealer, 122, Pilgrira-st Kitchen Eobert, vict. Travellers' Rest, Jes- mond Vale Kitchen V/ra. dlr. in sundrs, Plindhaugh-st Knight Piobt. chimney-sweeper, 90, Percy-st Kniveton John, furniture broker, Colgate Knott John, btitcher, Willington-quay Knowles James, Knowles's Academy, 1-1, William-street, Arthur's hill Knowles W. A. architect, &c. 35, Northura- berlaud street Knowles Wm. A. artist, 35, Northuraberld st Knox Mrs. Agnes, 4, Elswick-villas Knox Eleanor, milhner. Dog-bank Kuss German & Co. clockmakers, 98, Pil- grim-street Kruse Staats, pork butcher, 46, Bigg Mkt Kyle John, builder, Blandford-street Kyle John Dobson, builder, Westgate-street; ho. 10, Westgate-hill-terrace LAIDLAW Eobert & Co. hair seating man- ufacturers, Clavering place Laidlaw Piobt. brush manufacturer, 48, Pil- grim-street; ho. 9, Oxford-street Ladzrie John, agent for patent fuel, Seam-st Laidler Geo. clerk at Lambton's Bank, 37, Cumberland-row Laidler Geo. Thos. grocer, 51, St. Nicho- las's-square Laidler John, hutcher, 101, Nevr Market; ho. Albion-terrace Laidler W. C. butcher, 5; Hinde street; ho. West Hinde-street Laidler Yv'm. lodgings, 12, St. John's -lane Laidlar Wm. painter, 7, High Friar-street; ho. 14, Carhol-street Laidman Margaret, confectioner. 9, Shake- speare-street Laing Alex, ale and porter merchant, 5, Market- street ; ho. 19, St. James's-street Laing Marj^, straw bonnet maker. Nelson- street, Northshore Laing Wra. jun. wharlinger, 1, New Quay ; ho. 2, Wesley-terrace Laird David, tailor, 5, Castle Garth-stairs Laland Andreas, timber agent, 5, Quay Laland Michael Christian,butcher,New-road Lamb Charles John, Esq. Jesm^ond Dean Lamb Fred. Holmes & Co. wine & spirit merchants, 15, Side Lamb Fred. Holmes, wine and spirit mer- chant (F. H. Lamb & Co.); ho. Bath- terrace, Tynemouth Lamb Henry, butcher, 74, New Market and Sandyford-lane Lamb Joseph & Co. colliery owners, &c. .25, Quay and Walbottle Lamb Jos. colliery owner (J. Lamb & Co.) & coal-fitter, 25, Quay ; ho. Axwell Park Lamb James, beerhouse, Leazes-road I,amb Nnthaniel, upholsterer, 8, Nun street Lamb Eobert, soda water manufacturer, Orchard-street Lamb Sarah & Isabella, dressmakers, 34, West Clayton-sti-eet 272 DIEECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Lamb William, accountant &c. (Proder& Lamb); bo. Swinburn -place, Westgate Lamb Wm. paper banger, 24, Bigg Market Lambert & Co. wine merchants, 30, Dean-st LambertA. & T. S. butchers, 25, Groat Mkt Lambert George, grocer, Mosley-street; ho. Adelaide-terrace Lambert Mark, engraver, (M. & M. W. Lambert); ho. Lovaine-row Lambert M. & M. W. engrvs &c. 69, Grey-st Lambert Mark Wm. engraver (M. & M. W.Lambert); ho. Lovaine-row Lambert Nathaniel Grace, wine merchant, (Lambert & Co.) ; ho. Killingworth House Lambert Echd. wine merchant (Lambert & Co.), and solictr. and perpetual comsn. 32, I\Iarket-st; ho. St. Mary's-terrace Lambert Rebard, engineer (W. G. Arm- strong & Co.); ho. 5, Ellison-place Lambert Robert, agent, 9, Clayton-st. West Lambei-t Wm. dairyman, 79, Percy-street Lambert Wm. Howdon, butcher, 22, Groat Market ; ho. Elswick West Farm Lambton George, agent, Trafalgar-street Lambton William Henry & Co. bankers, 52, Dean-street Lambton William Henry, banker, (^Y. H. Lambton & Co.) ; ho. Chesham-place, Belgrave-square, London Lancaster Sarah, lodgings, Carliol -street Landers Hugh, eating house, 25, Union-st Landers John, coach proprietor (Parker & Landers); ho. 4, Sunderland-street Lang John, surgeon, 21, Eldon-square Langdale & Co. manure mnfrs. St. Lawrence Langdale & Eyton, corn merchants, 2, Butcher-bank Langdale Sampson, corn rarcht. (Langdale & Eyton); ho. 10, St. Mary's-place Lange, Bros, mrchts. 3, Indian Kings' -ct Lange Carl, merchant (Harrison, Carr, & Co.); ho. Jesmond Lange Daniel A. merchtant (Lange Bros.); ho. London Lange William Jas. Montague, merchant (Lange, Brothers j; ho. Elswick Cottage Langlands George, artist, 4, Camden-street L an gstaff William, cowkeeper, Diana-st Larbalestier Isab. Stirling, teacher of music and languages, 20, Blackett-street Larkin Charles, surgeon, 11, Fenkle-street Larment B'lark, engine builder, &c. 174, Pilgrim-street Lascelles EUzab. Harker, greengrocer, 232, New Market ; ho. Percy-street Lascelles Jos. toyman & seedsman, 229-30, New Market; ho. 17, Clayton-st Latimer Edmund, coal owner, Jesmoud- dean terrace Latimer John, editor of "Chronicle," 11, Albion-street Latimer John, grocer, Harle-street Latiraore Mary, shopkeeper, 7, Gallowgate Latty James, vict. Rose and Crown Inn, New-road Latty Margaret, grocer. Stepney -bank Lawrence John, jun. agent for the Montrose trader, 6^, Quayside Laws Cuthbert Umfreville, solicitor (Laws and Glynn); ho. Tynemouth Laws Edward, gardener, Heaton Laws John, shopkeeper, Saudyford lane Laws and Glynn, solicitors, 14, Grey-st Laws John, agent, 16, Marlborongh-cresnt Laws Peter, land surveyor, Market-st. : ho. 14, W^esley-slreet, Shieldfield Laws Wm. millwright. Back-lane Lawson Benjn. provision dealer, Sandgate Lawson Thomas, vict. Turk's Headlnn,14:, Quayside Lawson Frances, pi'ov. dlr. 7,Sunderland-st I^awson Geo. farmer, Minories, Jesmond Lawson James, vict. Cleveland Arms Inn, Manor-street Lawson John, wine and spirit merchant, 67, West Clayton-street Lawson R. and Son, painters, 42 and 55, Northumberland-street Lawson Eobt. painter, (R. Lawson & Son) ; ho. Northumberland-street Lawson Robert, jun. painter, (R. Lawson and Son) ; ho. Northumberland -st Lawson R. & Son, joiners. Brewery -bank Lawson Robert, joiner, (R. Lawson & Sou, joiners) ; ho. Ouseburn Lawson Thomas, joiner, (R. Lawson and Son, joiners) ; ho. Ouseburn Lawson Thos. joiner & cartwright, Ousebn Lawton Benjamin Carr, contractor and builder, Elswick-villas LaxEsther Elizb. seminary, 4, Ridley-villas Lax Mary Ann, teacher, 24, Shieldfield-grn Laybourn A. and Co. spirit merchants, 20, Cloth Market Laycock Jos. & Co. iron merchants. 55, Close Laycock Joseph, iron merchant, (J. Lay- cock and Co.) ; ho. Winlaton Laycock Richard, iron merchant, (J. Lay- cock and Co.) ; ho. Winlaton Laycock Robert, iron merchant, (J. Lay- cock and Co.); ho. Winlaton Leach John, bootmaker. Brandling- village Leadbetter Edward, dentist, &c. 15, St. Nicholas's-churchyard DIRECTOKY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. ^73 Leadbitter Robt. solicitor, 50, T^'estgate-st ; ho. Eyton-grove Learkman Geo. shoemkr.l2, St. John's-lane Leathart James, lead manufaclnrer (Locke, Blackett & Co.) ; ho. Gallow-gate Lee Mrs. Jane, Jesraond-place Lee John, bookbinder, 5, St. John's-lane ; ho. 23, yrilliam-street Lee Lewis, general broker, 6, Pilgrim-street Lee Louisa, pawnbroker, 28, Blackett-st Lee Mary, lodgings, 14, Terrace-place Lee Mrs. Mary, 6, Leazes-crescent Lee IMatthew, gentl. 20, High CJaremont-pl Lee Robt. academy, 19, Northnmberland-st Lee Robt. butcher, 184, New Market ; ho. Gall ow-g ate Lee Robtert, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Lee Thomas, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Leech Thos. furniture broker, 16, Percy st L>eidemann A. & Co. merchants, 64, Quay Leidemann Augustus, merchant (A. Leide- mann & Co.) ; ho. 6, Higham-ptace Leidman Margaret, confectioner, 9, Shaks- peare street Leighton George, shopkeeper, Ballast-hills Leighton Henry, builder, 7, Cottenhara-st Leighton Joseph, grocer, East Ballast-hills Leighton Mrs. Mary, Cam den-street Leigbton Wm. cooper, Gallow-gate Leighton W. Brogg, printer, 7, Grain gei'-st Lei th head John, vict. King's Head Inn, St. Anthony's Lenders Hugh B. surgeon, 1, Union-street Lewis Cbarles, hairdrsr. 23, Pudding chare Le win Brothers, cap manufac. 61, Grey-st Leyboum D. mihinei^, 81, Pilgrim-street Liddell Christopher, cabinet-maker, 15, Prudhoe street Liddell Cuth. & John, tanners, Darncrook Liddell Edward & Co. cornfactors, 50, Quay Liddell Edward, corn factor (E. Liddell & Co.) ; ho. Jesmond-park Liddell IMr. Henry, Wesley-terrace Liddell Henry & Son, cork manufacturers, 12, Sandhill ; ho. 2, New Bridge Liddell John, tanner (C. & J. Liddell) ; ho. 6, Leazes-terrace Liddell John, surgeon, 100, Pilgrim- street Liddell John, innkeeper, Buxton-street Liddell Matt. prof, music, 109, Pilgrim-st Liddell Ptobt. wine merchant. 79, Grey-st; ho. 1, Prospect-place, Shieldfield Liddell Robert, brewer. Groat IMarket Liddell Thomas, laud surveyor & C. E. 50, Pilgrim-street Liddle David, beerhouse, and marine-store dealer, 105, Percey-street s Liddle Elizab. register office for servants. 9 7, Westgate-street Liddle James, shipowner, 34, Richmond-st Liddle John S.prof. of music, 18, Oxford-st Liddle Thomas, match and blacking manu- facturer. Stepney Lightfoot Eliza and Mary Ann, strawbonnet dealers, Byker-bank Lightfoot Robert Twentyman, surgeon, 65, Northumberland-street Lightfoot Thomas, draper, Byker-bank Lilley Thomas, boot maker, East Ballast- hills Lilly white Ann, school, 15, Terrace-place Lindsay John, flour dealer. Friars Lindsay WiUiam, travelling draper, 8, West- moreland-street Linsley Jane, provision dealer, 171, Pilgrim- street Lishman Wm. S. comm. merchant (J. Hall & Co.); ho. Saltwell Lisle Robert, grocer, Tyne-street Lister Clement, silversmith (W. Lister & Sons); ho. 4, St. Thomas's-place Lister John, grocer, West Pitt-street Lister Ralph, firebricks, crucibles, gas re- torts, chemical aparatus, socket pipes, &c. manufacturer, Scotswood Lister Wm. & Sons, silversmiths, Mosley-st Lister William, silversmith, (W. Lister & Sons); ho. St. Thomas's-place Lister Wm. jun. silversmith (W. Lister & Sons) ; ho. 4, St. Thom.as^s-place Lithco Robert, tailor Ballast-hills Little Ann, sand mill, near Dixon's bdgs Little Ann J. register office for servants, 101, Percy-street Little James, provision dealer, Gallow-gate Little John Henderson and Jas. LI enderson, tinplate workers, 81, Newgate-street Little Matthew, builder, Hedley-place Little Ralph, police inspector, Westgate- station Little Robert Henderson, plumber, 83, Newgate street Little William, grocer, 32, High Friar-st Littlewood John, gentleman, Endfield Lodge Els wick Livingston Archibald, hairdresser Stock- bridge Livingstone Robert, hairdresser, Sandgate Lock Mrs. Ann, 38, Jessamine place Locke, Blackett and Co. Leadworks, Close, GalloAvgate and St. Anthony's Locke John Arthur, lead manufacturer, (Locke, Blackett & Co.); ho. Combe, near Dulverton, Somersetshire 274= DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Loades William, hop, porter, and com- mission merchant, and agent to J. M. Thome and Son, Nine Elms Brewery, London ; and to John & William Harvey & Co. distillers, Yoker ; and also to John and Eobert Harvey & Co. distillers, Dua- dass Hill, &c. ; office. Butcher-hank ; ho. YiUa-place, Gateshead Lockey Harle William, attorney, &c. 2, Butcher-hank; ho. Crow Hall Lockey James, provision dealer and cart- man, 26 and 27, Blackett-street Lockey John, cartpropr. 20, High Friar-st Lockey John, wholesale walking- stick manu- facturer, Seam street Lockey Robert, baker, 8, East Clayton-st Lodge John, provision dealer, Canada-st Lodge William, shoemaker, Harle-street Logan David, hardwareman, 23, Side Logan Eobert, provision dealer, George-st Longhurst George, grocer &: seed merchant, 35, Mosley-street ; ho. Shieldfield Longridge J. A. & Co. coalowners, 59, Quay Loraine Miss Ann Eliza, 17, Pddley-place Loraine Catherine, bookseller, 23,Mosley-st Loraine Miss Jemima, 3, Ellison-place Losh James, Esq. B.L. judge of the County Court of Northumberland, 11, Clayton- street West Losh Wm. iron manufacturer (Losh, Wilson & Bell); ho. Point Pleasant, Wallsend Losh, Wilson & Bell, iron mnfrs. mrchts. &c. 37, Quay ; iron works at Walker Loten John, school, Croft-st. ; ho. Union-st Lotinga Calmer, ship broker (S. M. & C. Lotinga) ; ho. 14, Toll-square, North Shields Lotinga Samuel M. ship broker (S. ]\r. & C. Lotinga); ho. 6,Toll-sq.North Shields Lotinga S, I\L & Co. ship brokers, 62, Quay Loughran Henry, clothes dlr. 5,Gallow-gate Lowe Henry boot maker, 13, Grainger- st Lowenberg Joseph D. professor of lan- guages, 35, Blackett-street Lowes Edward, vict. Lord Nelson Inn Colvin's-chare Lowes John, cheesemonger, 107, East Clay- ton-street Lowes John, hairdresser. Queen-street Lowes Jno. pro\dsion dealer, Sandyford-lane Lowes Phillis, grocer, Byker-bar Lowes Thomas, vict. Thornton Arms Inn, Thornton-street Lowes and Usher, grocers, 36, West Clay- ton-street Lowis Wm. provision dealer, 98, Percy-st Lowrey Mrs. Barbara^ Shieldfield House Lowis Wills, vict. Ship Tavern, York street, Ouseburn Lowrey George, picture frame maker, 10, Bigg Market ; ho. Wesley-street Lowrey Miss Isabella, 4, Sandyford-place Lowrey Thomas, gentleman, 5, Lovaine-pl Lowry John, builder, joiner, house cai-penter, cartwright, and spring carriage maker, Ord-street; ho. 5, Scotswood-i'oad Lowry Pilchard, manager of Newcastle and Carlisle goods station; ho, 4, Scots- wood-road Lowry Lowthin Jane, register office for servants, Denton-chare Lowry Thomas, furniture broker, Pilgrim-st Lowthian Wm. shoemaker, 45, Prudhoe-st Lcwthin T. artist, 63, West Clayton-street Lucas John, tailor, 4, Charlotte-square Luckley George, butcher, 173, New Market; ho. 11, St. James's street Ludwig H. G. merchant, &c. (Saniter, Lud- wig Sz Co.); ho. 39, Carhol-street Lugton Alex, spirit mrcht. 41, Groat Market Lumley Isabella, stay maker, &c. 16, Cohing- wood-street Lumsdon Burn, vict. Newcastle Arms Inn, Lime street Lumsdon Ehzabeth, grocer, Gallow-gate Lumsdon Jas. flour dealer, 17, Union-st. ; ho. 31, Westmoreland-terrace Lumsdon John Belough, grocer, 28, Bigg Market; ho. 31, Westmoreland-street Lundi Frederico, figure and mould maker. Park-place and Percy-place Lunn James, commission agent, 6, Broad- chare ; ho. Wilkinson's-buildings Lunn James Eobson, shipbroker. Broad- chare ; ho. Wilkinson's-buildings Lund John E. provision dealer, 73, Percy-st Lunn Eobert, whipmaker, 37, Bigg Market; ho. 34, West Clayton- street Lunn Wm. Eobson, grocer, 19, Mosley st. ; ho. 12, Eldon-street Lupton Henry Bannister, pawnbroker, 7 and 8, Pilgrim-st.; ho. 22, Oxford-street Lynn John, vict. Ttvo Bidls' Heads Inn, 6, Blackgate Lynn Thomas, agent, 39, Jessamine-place Lyon Miss Christiana E. 5, St. Thomas's-st MACDONALD Chas. & Co. confectioners, 22, Dean-street Macdonald John, tailor, 8, Collin gwood-st Macdonald Mrs. Maria, 21, Richmond-st Macdonald Mary, confectioner, 20, Nelson-st Maclnnis Duncan, coffee roaster, foot of Westgate-street DIKECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPOK-TYNE. S75 Macgregor D. vict. Phoenix, 23, Newgate-st Mack Kobt, auctioneer (Anderson & Mack) ; ho. East Parade Mack William, reporter for " Guardian," 2, York-street Mackeand Alex, draper, 3, Derwent-place Mackeand Andrew, draper, 34, Blackett-st Mackeand J. diaper, 13, Percy-street Mackeand James, draper, 18, Albion-street Mackeand "Wm, Burnie, draper, 3, Albion-st Mackenzie Daniel, vict. Masons' Arms Inn, 51, Newgate-street Mackey George, vict. and butcher, Bay Horse Inn, Byker-bar Mackey liawrence, common brewer and beer retailer, 20,EastClayton-st; brewery, Arthur's-hill Mackey, Smith & Co. drapers, 67, Quay Mackey Thos. Gordon, com. traveller, 9, Albion-place Mackey Wm. draper (Mackey, Smith & Co.) ; ho. 9, Elswick--villas Mackinnon Thos. accountant, Prospect-pl Mackintosh Donald, lunatic asylum pro- prietor, Bath-lane Macliver & Bradley, proprietors of the Guardian newspaper, 37, Grainger-street Macliver Peter S. printer, &c. (Macliver & Bradley) ; ho. 15, St. Thomas's-crescent Macnicol Jane, prov. dealer, 36, Percy-st Macran Edw. oyster depot, 9, High Bridge Macready George, bookseller, New Market ; ho. 4, Sunderland- street Maddison George, grocer, Scotswood-road Maddison John, upholsterer, 2, Spital-place Maddison Joseph, grocer, &c. 22, New- gate-street ; ho. Low Friar-street Mafham Francis, tailor, Leazes-lane Magall Wm. superintendent of Lunatic Asylum, Bath-lane Maillard Alice, vict. Queen Victoria Inn, Sundeiiand-street Main David D. secretary to Water Com- pany, 8, Grey-street ; ho. 18, Eldon-place Main Edward & Co. clothiers, 7, Grey-st. 74, West Clayton-st. and 23, Grainger-st Main John, agent, Napier-street Major Martha, vict. Punch Bowl Inn, Mino- ries, Jesmond Major Kobert, provision dealer, Inghara-pl Makepeace Gabriel,stone mcht.Elswick-lane Makepeace Ridley, bookkeeper, Cental Sta- tion, Newcastle and Carlisle Eailway; ho. East Parade Makepeace Robert, chief accountant, Cen- tral Station, Newcastle and Carlisle Rail- way ; ho. East Parade Malcolm Robert, schoolmaster (Bell S^ Malcolm) ; ho. Trafalgar-street Maling Christopher T. earthenware mnfr Ouseburn Bridge Pottery; ho. Shield- field-green Mahng John, Ouseburn Old Pottery; ho, Shieldiield-green Maling Robert, Ouseburn Bridge Pottery ; ho. 17, Ridley-villas Maling Mr. Robert, Shieldfield- green Maling Wm. chemist, 42, Grey-street : ho. 8, Nixon-street Mallabar Elizabeth, milliner and dress- maker, Adelaide-place Makings Fred. Wait, draper, Buckingham-st Manchester Ratcliffe Thos. gentleman, 1, Ellison-place Manford F. W. surgeon, Portland-place, New Bridge-st Manly Peter, vict. Three Tuns Inn, Sandgate Mann Elizabeth, milliner, 16, Hew^ill-terr Mann John, agent, 16, Hewgill-terrace Mann Robt. agent, 12, Blenheim-street Manners Miss, 56, Eldon-street Manners Wm. 'Bvo-wn,\ict. Old Plough Inn, Bigg Market Manuel Lewis, tailor & draper, 11, Dean-st March Joseph, joiner, 32, Pudding-chare Margison William, grocer. High Wesley-st Marks David, jeweller. Seam-street Marley Hill Coking Company, 12, Quay Marley John, cbemist, 12, Grainger-street; ho. 10, Villa-place Marley John, gentleman, 19, High Clare- mont-place Marley John, vict. Royal Oak Inn, Back: Eldon-street Marley Samuel, cutler, &c. 70, Westgate-st Marr Elizabeth, greengrocer, 205, New Market ; ho. Blagdon-street Marr Wm. vict. and violin maker, Three Jolly Sailors Inn, Sandgate Marshall and Atkinson, grocers, 10 and 11, Bridge-end Marshall Charles, grocer, 68, Northumber- land-street ; ho. 10, Saville court Marsh all F. druggist, &c. 52, W. Clayton-st; ho. 25, Westmoreland-terrace Marshall Geo. agent, 41, Westmoreland-ter Marshall Geo. piano forte tuner, 13, Bruns- wick-place Marshall Jos. agnt. 30, Westmoreland ter Marshall Mrs. Mary, 34, Westmoreland-ter Marsball Richd. ancf Geo. corn merchants, 42, Sandhill; ho. 10, Blackett- street Marshall Richard Anthony, malster, itc. Pandon; ho. Blackett- street 976 DIEECTOPtY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TTNE. Marshall Eobert, vict. Britannia Inn, Chnrchill-street Marshall Sarah, dressmaker, Camden-st Marshall Thomas, flour dealer, 71, West Clayton-street ; ho. 15, Blandford-street Marshall W. C. & Co. grocers, G2, Pilgrim-st Marshall William Christie, grocer, (W. C. Marshall & Co. and IMarshall & Atkin- son) ; ho. 42, Eldon-street Marshall Wm. tobacnst. 17, Marlborongh-st Marston Joseph, bookseller, and circulating librar}', 7, Moslej -street Martin Elizabeth, lodgings, 90, Blenheim-st Martin James, plasterer, He-wgill-teiTace Martin Mr. John, 8, Blenheim-street Martin William, cabinet maker, IG, High Friar-street; ho. 5, Lisle-street Martin Robert, clerk, 3, St. Thomas's-ter Martin Walter, clerk, 17, St. James's-street MartinsonEbt. bank agnt. 8,St.Thomas's-ter Martinson William, merchant, Broad-chare Mason J.- H. vict. Nag's Head-Inn, 20, Cloth Market Mason John B. gentleman, 10, Ehison-pl Mason Margaret, lodgings, 10, Terrace-pl Mastaglio Yittoria, toy merchant, 24, Grain- ger-street Masterman Thomas, vict. Fighting Cock Inn, Cutbank Matfin WiUiam, fruit merchant, 188-90, New Market; ho. New-road Masterton Geo. Mitchell, actuary of Savings Bank, Arcade ; ho. West-st. Gateshead Mather Edward, solicitor, 76, Grey-street; ho. 9, Lovaine-place Mather Ehzabeth, lodgings, Carliol-street IMather John, ironm.onger, etc. 13 and 14 Dean-street ; ho. 10, St. Mary's-teiTace Mather Joseph, banker, 29, West-parade [Mather Miss Sarah, 58, Percy-street Mather Mrs. Sarah, 11, Terrace place Mather Thomas, upholsterer, 102, Percj'-st Mather Wilham, cowkeeper, 9, Welling- ton-street Mather AVilliam, gentleman, 5, Eldon-sq Mather Ywlliam, prov. dlr. and merchant tailor, 18, Churchill-street MaihewsonW. J. butcher, Gibson-st. and Gosforth-street Mathison Antbony, agent, 7, St. Ann's-row Mathison, Elizab. prov. dealer, Gosforth-st I\Iathison Mary Ann, confectioner, 6, New- gate-st. ; ho. 3, St. John's-lane Mathison Thos. draper, 56, Northumber- land-street Mathwin Thomas, commission agent, 1, St. Thomas's -square Mathison Thomas, draper, Carliol-street Math^yin Wm. shipbroker (Joseph Heald & Co.) ; ho. 18, Oxford-street Matthewson Wm. btchr, Victoria Market, and Gosforth-street ; ho. York-street Mattinson Thomas, draper (Wilson and Mattinson); 6, York-street Maughan James, beerhouse, 9, George-st Maughan Jane, lodgings, Canada-ten-ace Maughan Eleanor, furnitm'e broker, 156, Pilgrim-street Maughan Joseph, agent, PaUister's-chare; ho. 15, Richmond-street Maughan Matthew, vict. Hay marhet Hotel, 74, Percy-street Maughan Mary, furniture broker, 189, Pilgrim-street Maughan William, merchant tailor, 12, Plnmraer-street, Scotswoodroad Maule John, hairdresser, 10, Darncrook; ho. 8, Spring Garden-terrace Mawson John, chemist, 13, Moslej'-street ; homoeopathic chemist, and importer, of yeast, &c. 13. Northumberland-street, and at Sunderland ; ho. Elysium, Bens- ham, Gatesbead Mawson Mrs. Mary 5, Carlton-place Maxwell John, cheesemonger, 2, East Clayton-street Maxwell Jno. gentleman, 9, Tindal-street Maxwell Robt. T. pawnbrkr. 63, Pilgrim-st May Edward, provision dealer, Gosforth-st Mayer K. clockmaker, 91, Newgate-street McAleenan Bernd. vict. Cumberland House Inn, Y^'estgate-street McAlhster Jas. bootmaker, East Ballast-hill McAllister Samuel, builder, Carliol- square McAllum, R. B. shav/1 warehouseman (Hall & Co.); ho. 62, Eldon-street McBean, Mrs. eating house, 5, Manor-st McBride James, draper, 85, Blandford-st IMcBryde Peter, draper, 5, Eorth-lane McCall Matthew, prov. dealer. Stock Bridge McCall ^Yi^iam, vict. Duke of Cumberland Tavern, 11, Close McCaw, Archibald, bootmaker, 6, Low Friar-street McCormick Jas. clothes dealer, Denton-ch McCormick James, dealer in sundries, 21, Pudding-chare McCormick Jno. mattress maker, Dogbank McCree Andrew, cart proprietor (T. & A. McCree); ho. 37, Low Friar-street McCree Margaret, tripe preparer, &c. 37, Low Friar-street McCree Thos. & Andrew, cart proprietors, 75, Quay DIEECTORY OF NEWCASTLE>-UPON-TYNE. ^11 MeCree Thomas, cart proprietor, (T. & A. McCrae); ho. Douglas-terrace McCree Weq. T. cart proprietor Quay ; ho. 7, Xun-sti'eet I\IcDonald James, tailor, 8, Collin gwood-st McDonald Neil, hairdres. 3, Painter-heugh McDonald Nicholas, bootm aker, Low Bridge McDonald Thomas Ogilvie, upholsterer, 12, Fleece-court, Gallow-gate McEwen Wm. tailor. Dog-bank I\IcGee Wm. bootmaker, 4, Marlborough-st McGregor Alex, watch glass manufacturer, 5, Union-street McGregor Duncan, vict. Phanix Inn, 23, Newgate-street McGregor Duncan, maiine store dealer. Folly, New-quay McGregor Wm. vict. Crystal Fountain Inn, Fenkle-street McHarg Anthony, draper, 5, Derwent-pl Mclnnes Duncan, cofFee roaster, 3, West- gate-st, ; ho. Hanover-square IMcIntosh David, prov. dealer, Bailiff-gate Mclntyre and Arthur, drapers, 19 and 20, Grainger-street Mclver Mary, boot dealer, 75, Side McKay Isabella H. schoolmistress. Union School for girls, Bath-lane McKay, John, tinplate worker, Elswick-lane McKay John, jun. hosier (T.C.& J. McKay); 5, Stepney-terrace McKay Thos. hosier (T. G. & J. McKay) ; ho. 19, Eavensworth-terrace, Gateshead McKay T. C. & J. jun. hosiers, 24, Sandhill McKay Eobert, bookseller & stationer. Pink-lane McKenna Michael, plasterer, 26, Upper Buxton-street McKelvin Gavin, brewer. Bailey-street McKenzie Charles, agent, 33, Carliol-street McKenzie James, engraver, 40, Grainger-st; ho. 24, Edward-street McKenzie Margt. prov. de&ler, St. Peter's McKenzie E. J. brazier, &c. 69, Northum- berland-street McKie Wm. soda water manufacturer, Dis- pensary-lane McLane Bernd. beerhouse, 24, Pudding-ch McLaughlin Samuel, clothes dlr. Dog-bank McLen Wm. commercial traveller, 25, Els- wick East-terrace McLeod Andrew, shipbuilder, S. Shields; ho. New Bridge-street McLeod Isabella, ale and porter retailer, 3, Prudhoe-street McLean John, beerhouse, Milk Market McLeary James & Sam, gardeners, Heaton McLoughlin Sam. clothes dealer, Dog-bank McKie John, boot and shoemaker, Pink- lane, or Westwalls, Westgate-street McLeownan Mrs. Margt. 57, Leazes-terrace McMinnies Wm. news agent, 24, Nelson-st McNab Mrs. Ann, 7, Elswick-row McNay T. F. surgeon, 9, Gibson-street McNeil Wm. public baker, St. Mary's-street, Sandgate McNally John, tailor, 29, Pligh Friar-street McNulty Bernard, linen and woolen draper, Castle-garth McPherson Ann, dressmaker, 10, Bruns- wick-place McQueen Eobert, cutler, 45, Grainger-st. ; ho. 3, St. Cuthbert's-terrace, Gateshead McQuillan Wm. clothes dlr. 29, Butcher bk INIcEaith Mary Ann, vict. Sir Eobert Peel Inn, Tyne-street McWilham Archibald, draper, 21, Y\^est- moreland-terrace McWilliams Bernard, vict. Fox Hounds, Byker-hill Mc"\Vil]iams Fraser, vict. Hibernian Tavern, 11, King-street McWilliams John, vict. Steam Boat Inn, East Ballast-hills Meek Thos. cabinet miaker, 60, Newgate-st Meek Thomas, miller. Chimney -mills Meier Eudolphe, shipbroker, 5, Broad- chare; ho. 14, Carhol street Mein Jas. glass painter, 8, i\J ansfield-street Mein Eobt. grocer, lo, Buckingham-street Meldrum Ehzb. lodgings, Leazes-road Melhuish Thos. agent, 11, Sandyford-place Mellar Ann, leather cutter, Foot of the Quay Mellar John, gentleman, 2, Queen-square Melrose Jas. engine builder and machine maker, Erick-street Melville Wm. mustard manfr. 2, Carlton-st Mennell Geo. coalowner, 9, Eldon-place Merraco Mrs. 3, St. Thomas's-square Messenger John, butter dlr. 21, H. Friar-st Messenger Jos. painter, 22, High Bridge Metcalf John, butcher, 1, Galiow-gate ; ho. 5, AVesley-street, Sliieldfield Metcalf Eichard, tailor, Lime-street Metcalf Thos. grocer, 34, High Friar st Mew Elizabeth, saddler, 13(j, Pilgrim-st ; ho. Bensham Mewburn Simon, builder, Pandon-deau Mewers Thomas, vict. Cooksows Arms Inn, Arthur's Hill Mewers Thos. grocer, 45, Howard-street Michael J. com. travlr. 28, Cun\berland-rw Mickle Wm. agent, St. Lawrence Mickle William, manager, St- Lawrence ^n DIEECTOKY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TtNE. MicKLEY Coal Co.'s Office, 39, Quayside Midcllemass Andw, accountant & insurance agent, Arcade ; ho. 19, Blackett-street Middlemiss John, inspector of Corx^oration works, 27, Eailway-street Middlemiss Mark, watchmkr. 8, Bigg Mkt Middleton John, colhery agent, 37, Quay ; ho. 30, West Parade Middleton John, vict. Jesmond Field House Inn, Jesmond-neld Middleton John, shipbroker, 44, Quayside Middleton Margaret, hosier, Westgate Middleton Eoger, gentleman, 7, Tindal st Milbum Ann, vict.TFa(75ronInw, Manor-chare Milburn Elizabeth, milliner, Pilgrim street Milburn Geo. cowkeeper. Oak's place Milburn Geo. Tem]jerance Hotel, 13, West Clayton-street Milburn Henry, agent, Trafalgar-street Milburn Henry, cowkeeper, 7, Shield street Milburn James, draper, 101, Blenheim-st Milburn John, shoedealer, 69, Side Milburn Joseph, ironmonger, 10, Union-st; ho. 15, Cumberland-row Milburn Joseph, draper, 110 Side ; ho. 11, Eyehill Milburn Joseph, shoemaker, 55, St. Nicho- las's-square; ho. 7, Westgate Milburn Joseph, joiner and cabinet maker, Eldondane ; ho. Shield-street Milburn Thomas, agent, Carl ton-street Milburn Thos. provision dlr. 1, Waterloo-st Milbourn John, provision dealer, Carliol-st Milbourn W. plumber, 77, Pilgrim-street; ho. 40, Carliol-street Miles, White, & Co. law stationers, 23, Quay Millar Archibald, hat manufacturer (Millar Brothers) ; ho. Eyehill Millar Brothers, hat manufaetrs. 1, Grey-st Miller Edward, draper, Adelaide-terrace Miller Edward, pro^dsion dealer, Sandgate Miller Isabella, greengrocer, 238, NewMrkt Miller James, baker, Glover's-court, New- gate-street; ho. 10, Brunswick place Miller James, shipowner, 40, Eldon-st Miller James, surgeon, 45, Westgate-st Miller Jno. clerk of St. Andrew's, 10, Stam- fordham place Miller John, gentleman, Gosforth-st Miller J. ironmonger, &c. 37, W. Clayton-st Miller John, fruiterer, 67, Percy-st Miller John, cartman, &c. Green-court Miller Joseph, accountant, 21, Dean-st ; ho. 4, Summerhill-ter Miller Joseph, agent. East Elswick-teiTace Miller Jos. provisn. dlr. 23, MarJborough-st Miller Sarah, provision dealer, Lawson-st IMiller Eev. Patrick L. (Presbyterian) 18, West-parade Miller William, ale and porter merchant, 54, Pilgrim-street, and wine merchant, 32, Bigg Market; ho. 37, Cariiol-st Miller Wm. vict. Queen's Head and Posting House Inn, 137, Pilgrim-st. &7], Grey-st Millican Wm. provision dlr. 24, George-st MiUigan AVm. bookseller, 11, Edward-st Mills Esther, milliner, 45, Newgate-street Mills Geo. wood turner, 27, Bigg Mai'ket; ho, 1, Summerhill IMills Jane, Yict. Flying Horse Inn,SQ, Groat Market Mills John, brassfounder, plumber, gas- fitter, and safety-lamp manufacturer, 5, Eorth- street Mills John, butcher, High Bridge ; ho. White Swan-yard Mills Joseph, saddler, 29, Market-street; ho. 6, Bruns^vick-place Mills Eobert, butcher, 29, High Bridge ; ho. White Swan-yard Mills William, agent, 7, Picton-terrace Milmore Patrick, treacle manufacturer, Victoria Market Milmore Jas. treacle manufacturer, Market- place, Gibson-st Milne James, civil engineer, Westgate House Milne Mary Ann, seminary, Westgate Milner Edward, cm-rier, 11, Cloth Market; ho. 9, Charlotte-square Milner George, butcher, 119, New Market, and Gateshead Milner Joseph, hardwareman, 40, Grey-st ; ho. 3. Claremont-place Milvain Henry, shipowner North Elswick Hall Milvain James, draper, 8, Albion-street Minikin John, grocer, Carlton-street Minto Eobertj vict. Blue Bell Inn, Byker Mitchell Alexander, prov. dlr. Trafalgar-st Mitchell Jno. cattle salesman, 2, W. Parade Mitchell Margt. prov. dlr. 33, Butcher bank Mitchell Wm. builder, 27, Villa- place Mitchell Wilham, corn factor, 46, Sandhill; ho. Lancaster-st Mitcheson Pearson, flushing dlr. New-road Mitchison Ebenezer, butcher, St. Peter's Mitchison Eobt. butcher, 133, New Market; ho. St. Peter's-quay Mitchison Thos. joiner, St. Peter's-quay Mitchison Wm. whitesmith, 27, Bigg Mrkt Mitcheson Joseph, vict. Mechanics' Arms, Temple-street Mitcheson Ann, shopkeeper, Ponteland-ter DIRECTORY OP NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. S79 Mitford Thomas, stationer, 8, Union-street; ho. Stowell-square Moat Ann, fruiterer, 5, Percy-street; ho. Leazes-crescent Moat George T. vict. Oak Leaf Inn, 67, Northumberland-street Moat Mrs. Jane, 21, Leazes-crescent Moat John, confectioner, 16, Nelson-street, Grainger street Moat Thomas, plasterer and builder, 103, Blandford street Moffat Alexander, tailor, 5, Westgate- street Moffat David & ^yilham, drapers, 4, Char- lotte-square Moffat ^Ym. boot maker, 17, Waterloo-st Moffdtt Robert, draper, 56, Westgate-street Moffatt Thos. draper, 40, AVestgate- street Moffet E. tailor, 112, Side Moffett John, provision dealer and cheese- monger, 10, Westgate-street Moffett John, jun. bacon factor, 142, New Market Moffet & Sou, bacon factors, &c.'^ 45 & 46, New Market Moffett William, butcher, 3, New Market ; ho. Westgate-street Moffit Wm. boot & shoemaker, Waterloo-st Moises Miss Eliza Frances, East-parade Mole Anthony, tailor, Scotswood-road Mole Matthew, grocer, Thompson street Mole Thomas, carver and gilder, C, High Bridge Molteni Alexander, furniture broker, 185, Pilgrim-street Molteni Angelo, flocks dlr, 28, High Bridge Molteni Christmas, toymercht. Grainger-st IMonkhouse, Andersons & Fairbairn, wine and spirit merchants, 6, Side Monkhouse Jos. provision dealer, Maiden- walk street Monkhouse Maria, fruiterer, 9, Quay Monro. Wm. whip manufacturer. Stepney; ho. Little Heaton Montgomery Anthony, marble and orna- mental mas^n, New Bridge-street; ho. Prudhoe-street Montgomery John, painter and glazier, Infant-schoolyard, Castle-garth Montgomery John, plasterer and modeller, 92, Percy-street; ho. 15, Prudhoe-street Montgomery Thomas draper, 105, Blen- heim-street Moody Piev. Clement, vicar of Newcastle, Vicarage, Westgate-street Moody Daniel G. fruit merchant, 77, Quay; ho. 8, Picton-place Moon James, dlr. in old clothes, 34, Side Moor Geo. cabinet maker, 31, Mo.sley-st ho. 1, Mint-street, Rye-hill Moor Thomas, butcher, 19, New Market Moore Ann, dealer in sundries, Buxton-st Moore John, vict. Goat Inn, Arthur's Hill Moore John, marine store dealer. East Ballast-hills Moore Merrington John, vict. Grey Bull Inn, 31, Westmoreland-street, and 80, Blandford- street Moore R. C. vict. Steam Boat Inn, Sandgate Moran Thos. marine store dealer, 4 Low Friar-street; ho. 2, Back-lane Mordue Charles pawnbroker, Ouse-street Morgan John, teacher of the Ragged School, Gibson-street Mork H. P. broker, 62, Quay; ho. Ryehill Morland T. G. & Co. music- sellers, 29, Collingwood-street Morland, Thos. Gile«5, music-seller, (T. G. Morland & Co.) ho. Picton-place Morland Thomas, cheesemonger, 98, Side; ho. 3, Walker-terrace, Gateshead Morpeth Wm. joiner & carpenter, Bath-lane; ho. Westgate Morris Henry, clothes dlr. 65, Newgate-st. Morrison & Co. paper-stainers, decorators, hangers and importers of French paper- hangings, and dealers in floor-cloths, 11, East Clayton-street Morrison Eleanor, vict. Globe Tavern, Rosemary-lane Morrison H. F. sailmaker, Colvin's-chare ; ho. Argyle-terrace Morison Jas. coal merchant, 1, Gresham-pl Morrison Jno. \ict. Electric Telegraph Inn, Orchard-street Morrison John, sole inventor of the trans- parent adhesive court and corn plaster; manufactory, 50, Leazes Crescent Morrison J. L. paper-stainer (Morrison & Co.); 11, East Clajton-street Morrison Robert, civil engineer; ho. 11, Ryehill Morrison Robert, draughtsman, 11, Els- wick-villas Morrison R. & Co. engine & boiler builders, Ouseburn Engine Works Morrison Robert, engine and boiler builder (R. Morrison &Co.); ho. Elswick-vilhis Morrison Walter, hosier, 1, Grainger-street and 2, Blackett-street Morris Solu. furniture broker, 29, Blackett- street, and 33, Westgate-street Morrow Margaret, vict. Fannefs Inn, Marl- horough-street Morrow jMark, agent, Lawson-street S80 DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Morrow Eotert John, grocer, 14, Side; ho. 15, Eidley-yillas Morrow Thos. manufacturing chemist (St. Lawrence Chem. Co.); ho. 48, Blackett-st Mort Isabella, confectioner, 108, Side Mort Jas. hat manufacturer, 15, Vine-lane Morton Elizb. grocer, High Clareraont-pl Morton Edwd. prov. dealer. East Elswick-tr Morton Michael, grocer, Stowell-street Morton Sarah, 11, Albion-street Morton Wm. draper, 9, Grey-street; ho. 2, Picton-teiTace Mosely Ephraim and Son, dentists, 34, Grainger-street, & CI, Grosvenor-street, London Moses Sirs. Ann, 5, Leazes-crescent Mosey Eichd. fishmonger, 30, "Westgate-st Mosley Thos. butcher, 93, New Market ; ho. 5, Butcher-bank Mosley J. shipbroker, 32, Broad-chare ; ho. Bath-lane Mossman William, vict. Old Pack Horse, 150, Pilgrim-street MouatPeter,tobacconist,&c. (Mouat&Co.); ho. 19, Cumberland-row Mouat and Co. tobacconists, 10, Grainger- street, and tea dealers, 21, Market-st Mould Elizab. Ann, 86, Blenheim street Mounsey & Clapham, merchants, 29, Quay Mounsey Edward, merchant (Mounsey & Clapham) ; ho. 55, John-st. Sunderland Mounsey, Janson & Co. iron merchants; oflBce, 9, Grey-st; warehouse, Southshore Mounsey Jasper Capper, iron merchant (Mounsey, Janson & Co.) ; ho. 27, John- street, Sunderland Mountain Mrs. Margaret, 3, St. Mary's-ter Mountain Wm. gentleman, 1, Summer-hill- grove Mountain William & Sons, wireworkers, importers of French burr stones, 81, Pilgrim-sti-eet Mowbray C. M. konmonger, 49, Quay ; ho. Summerhill. Muers Jane, vict. Blenlieim House Inn, Marlborough-street Muir James, marine-store dlr. Byker-bar Muir Walter, draper, 103, Blenheim-street Mulcaster J. P. barrister, 51, Westgate-st ; ho. Benwell-park. Mullm Andrew, vict. Hole-i7i-the-Wall, Inn, Stockbridge. Mullin Peter, New Flax Mill Inn, Onsehnra Mundill John, agent, 35, Shield street Munro Geo. draper, 80, W. Clajton-street Munro Isabella, lodgings, 10, Blackett-st Munro John, chairman, St. Andrew's-court Munro Mary, dressmaker, 10, Westgate-st Muras George registrar for lodgings, 17, Northumberland-street Murdock Geo. ropemaker, 20, Percy-street Murdock Eobt. hemp merchant, 69, Quay ; ho. 20, Percy- street Mures Wm. Lawson, agent for Tyne and Humber Stm. Nav. Co. 12, Melbom^ne-st. MuiTay Adam, silk mercer & laceman 14, Northumbei'land-street Murray Hamilton, chem. & druggist, 1 &2, Elswick-lane ; ho. 18. West-st. Gateshead Murray Francis, vict. Queen's Head Inn, Gallow-gate Murray Henrietta, French milhner, 14, Northumberland-street Murray James, keeper of museum, Library- place, Y>"estgate-street Murray John, brassfndr. &c.,Painter-heugh Murray John, provision dlr. Byker-baiik Murray Peter, bookseller, 119, New Market; ho. 29, Stowell-street Murray Eobt. \ict. Half 3Ioon Inn, Bykev-hr Murray Wm. dairyman, head of Gallov/-gate Murray Wm. shoemaker, St. Martin's-court Murthwaite Wm. poulterer, Westgate ; ho. 3, Blenheim-street Mm-ton Edward, butcher, 55, Newgate-st Murton Edward, provision dealer, 40, Elswick East-terrace Murton Geo. grocer, 2, Bigg Market; ho. (3, Georges-street, East Murton Isab. provision dealer, Trafalgar-st Murton Michael, grocer, 35, Stowell-street Muse Joshua, miller, Pandon-dean Muse Michael, timber merchant, Skinners'- burn. Close; ho.. 24, Blandford-street Musgrove John, coal owner (Wheatley & Musgrove); ho. High Pitt-street IMusgrove Thos. grocer, Dixon's-buildings Muston Edward, agent, 22, West-parade Myers Backhouse, manufacturing chemist (Myers Brothers) ; 3, Albion-street Myers Brothers, manufacturing chemists, 68, Pilgrim street Myers Christopher, manufacturing chemist (Myers Brothers); ho. Dunston Myers Thomas, cowkeeper, Back-lane Myers Wm. H. mauufac. chem. (Myers Brothers) ; ho. West Elswick-ten-ace. NAIEN John, tailor, 75, Northumberlud-st Nairn Philip, corn miller and merchant, 24, Cloth Market ; ho. Waren miUs, near Belford Nanson Jos. coalfitter, 12,Westgate-hill-ter Naters Ealph, brewer & malstr. Sandyford. SlRECTOilY OF NEWCASfLE-tfr'ON-TTNl!. S81 National Guaedi^n Insueance Company, 1, Dean-street; local manager, B. Dill- yard ; ho. 16, Bloomfield -terrace, Gates- head. Nayler Wm. chemist, 97, Pilgrim -street Naylor Andrew, hairdresser, 6], Quay Naylor Nathaniel, fruit merchant 18, Nelson-street Neale George, collector for Whittle Dean Water Company, Forth banks Nell Anne Elizb. dressmaker, 19, Duke-st Nelles Christopher, provision dealer, 34, Westgate -sti-eet Nelles Wm. builder, Leazes road, Percy-st; ho. 12, Pitt street Nelson Henry, ship broker, 32, Quay ; ho. Frederick-street, South Shields Nelson John, provision dealer, Chapel-lane Nelson Mary, register office for servants, Westgate Neill William, head master and secretary of the Northern Counties Deaf & Dumb Institution, Charlotte square Nesham Wm. candle manftr. 4, Bigg Mkt. Nesham Wm. commis. mrchnt. 2, Sandhill; ho. 1, Northumberland-street Nesham Yim. surgeon, 1, North umblnd-st Nesbit G. tailor, Westgate-street Nesbit Matthew, coalfitter, Spicer-lane, Quay; ho. 3, Kidley -villas Ness James, provision dealer, Wall Knoll Nevison Ann, vict. Star Hotel, Northum- berland-street Nevison Thomas, brewer, 26, Pilgrim st; ho. Northumberland-street Newbiggin Edwd. gentleman, Arthur's-hill Newby John, house agent, 8, Lisle-street Newcombe Frederick, manager to Carver & Co. 4, Heaton-terrace Newcastle Coal Company, Depot Manors Newcombe Wm. Lister, manager of goods department Y. N. & B, Railway, Manor's Station ; ho. 6, Summer-hill grove Newlands James, butcher, 2, Gosforth-st. and 60 Close Newlands Thomas, bookbinder, 61, Head- of-the-Side ; ho. 23, Cottenh am -street Newmarch Rob. Geo. clerk, 45, Leazes-ter Newmarsh Nathaniel, shoe & leather seller, 70, Side ; ho. Swinburne-pl. Gateshead Newton Charles Jas. tailor, 2, Castle-garth Newton George, chemist, 57, Percy-street Newton James Charles, tailor, Postern Newton John, gentleman, 2, George-street Newton John, saddler, 14, Grainger street Newton Robt. vict. jkidley Arms Inn, 16, Pilgrim-street S 2 Newton Richard, provision dealer. Sand gate Newton Thomas, agent, Forth banks Newton W. hairdresser, 32, Colling wood-st Newton Wm. hairdresser, 58, Gibson-street Newton Wm. surgeon, 5, Hood-street Nichol Andrew, vict. Eidley Arms Inn, Ridley-street Nichol Andrew, ship broker, 29, Elswick-row Nichol Anthony & Son, chemists, 22, Quay Nichol Anthon}', chemist (A. Nichol and Son) ; ho. Shieldfield-green Nichol Anthony, collector of corporation revenue, Guild-hall ; ho. 22, East-parade Nichol John, butcher, 49, New Market ; ho. Shieldfield. Nichol John, confectioner, 59, Grainger-st. and 100, Side ; ho. 33, Leazes-terrace iSichol Jno. Water Co's tui'ncock, Manor -pi Nichol, Ludlow & Co. wharfingers, Water- gate, Sandhill Nichol Peter, beerhouse, and bird dealer, 27, Nelson-street Nichol Thomas Dale, chemist (A. Nichol and Son); ho. 6, Lovaine crescent Nichol Wm. tailor, 27, Pilgrim street, Nicholson Baxter and James, drapers, 2, Forth-lane Nicholson Ed\iard,draper,&c.(Hi]l, Nichol- son and Hodge); ho. 8, Northumberland terrace. Nicholson Edward, twine and rope maker, Moor-edge; ho. Percy-street Nicholson Elijah, fish curer, Orchard-st Nicholson Geo. plumber & brass founder, Man or- street Nicholson James, organ builder, Postern ; ho. 7, Westmoreland-street Nicholson James, prov. dealer, 51, Percy-st Nicholson James, flour dealer, 62, West Clayton-street Nicholson Joseph, painter, 17, Buxton-st. Nicholson Marshall, vict. Dodd^s Arms Inn, West-parade Nicholson Robert, brush manufacturer (W. & R. Nicholson); ho. 7, Argyle-ter Nicholson Robt, manager to the Blytii and Tyne Railway ; office, 35, Market-st ; ho. Jes ui on d- villas Nicholson Sarah, prov. dlr. 73, Westgate-st Nicholson William, brush manufacturer (W. & R. Nicholson); ho. 6, Carhol-st Nicholson William, bootmaker. Boar's Head yard, Westgate Nicholson Wm . draper, 1 0, Westmorel and-st Nicholson Wm. tailor, 36, George-st Nicholson W. & R. brush and mop manu- facturers, 22, Pilgrim-street S82 DTEECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Nightingale Dan. sur. dentist, New Bridge-st Nisbet Henry Alex, agent, 9, St. Mary's- pi Nixon David, provision dlr. 29, Prudhoe-st Nixon Isaac, cooper, Clarence street, North Shore ; ho. 6, JPdchmond-street Nixon John & Co. wine & spirit merchants, 24, Mosley- street Nixon John, wine & spirit merchant (J. Nixon & Co.); ho. 6, West Parade and and Chester WoodGrange, Haydon bridge Nixon John, cooper, Folly Cooperage, New Quay ; ho. 41, Kichmond-street Nixon John, haircutter, 15, Union-st Nixon Thos. bootmaker, High Villa-place Nixon Thos. tailor, G, Bath-row Nixon Wm. farmer. Union House Farm Nixon Wm. T. builder, Percy-place ; ho. 4, St. Thomas's-square Noad John, last-maker, 6, St. Nicholas's- church-yard ; ho. Churchill-street Noble Arthur, dlr. in sundries, Carlton-st Noble Christopher, agent, 28, Elswick-row Noble George, butcher, 33, New Market; ho. Grainger-street Noble ]\Iiss Isabella, Shielfield- green Noble John, Suieldneld-green Academy Noble Joseph, poulterer, 27, High Bridge Norris Henry, porkbutcher, 73, Newgate -st; ho. High Friar street Norris, Mary Ann, vict. William the Fourth Inn, St. Peter's Norns Miss Sarah E. Manor-chare North British fire engine house, Bell's- Court, Pilgrim-st. I. Henderson, keeper Northumberland Crown Glass Works, Thomas Harrison & Co. Lemington Northumberland rope, twine, & Net Co. Spital Tongues Notman Mrs. Jeannette, 53, Jessamine pi Notman John, cabinet-maker, 23 j St. John's-lane Nugent P. bootmaker, 8, Castle-garth-strs OAKWELLGATE Collieey Office, 24, Quayside Gates Isaac, com. agent, 12, Sandhill; ho. 2, Barrington place, Gateshead O'Brien Wm. secretary to Y. N. & B. Bail- way ; ho. 8, Elswick-villas Ogden Wm. Bernard, director in the District Bank, Hood-street Ogilvie & Co. wine and spirit merchants, 150, Pilgrim-street Ogilvie E. vict. Scotch Arms Jnw, Bigg-mkt Oyilvie R. W. wine, &c. merchant (Ogilvie & Co.) 6, Victoria-place Ogle Thos. shipowner, 2, Union-street Oldfield John, saddler, 32, High-bridge; ho. Bigg Market Oldham John, agent. Forth banks Oldham Wm. agent, 2, Westmoreland-st Oliver Adam, architect, Bank buildings, Mosley-street ; ho. 17, Howard-street Oliver Andrew, architect, 39, W. Clayton-st; ho. 15, Sunderland-street Oliver & Co. grease manufacturers, 62, Close Oliver Daniel, grocer, 11, Union street; ho. 3, South Parade Oliver George A. gentleman, 3, Eyehill Oliver Jas. civi] engineer, Prospect-place Oliver J. & Co. manufacturing chemists, Howard-street OHver Eobert Lee, gentleman, 33, Eyehill Ohver Thos. dep. superintendent registrar, High Bridge Oliver Thos. sen. architect, 3, Picton-place Oliver Thos. junr. architect, 21, Grey-street Ohver Tim. grocer, 7, Union-street ; ho. 83, Blandford-street Oliver William, butcher, Thornton-street Olley Thos. hat manufacturer, 3, King-st; ho. Forth Banks O'Neil Bernd. clothes dlr. 14, Castle-garth Onions Benjamin, ironfounder, (W. Wylie & Co.); ho. Close Ord James, grocer, 1, Cloth Market; ho. Woodbank-terrace, Gateshead Ord John, provision dealer, 36, Bayley-st Ord Mr. Thomas, Shield-street Ord Wm. wine merchant, Shakspeare-st; ho. 37, Westmoreland-terrace Origoni John & Co. toy dealers, 34, Dean-st Origoni John, toy dealer, (Origoni & Co.) ; ho. 34, Dean-street Ormston J. tailor, 51, Elswick-street Ormston Jane, vict. Duke of York Inn, Stockbridge Ormston Jno. shipping &c. agt. 58, Quay; ho. 2, Adelaide-terrace Ormston Paul, shipbroker, 58, Quay; ho. Northumberland- street Ormston & Sinith, stationers, &c. 69, Quaysd. Ormston John, shipping agent, &c. 58, Quayside ; ho. Adelaide-terrace Ormston Eobert, gentleman, 5, Saville-pl Ormston Walter, prov. dlr. 33, Blandford-st Orpeth Eliz. vict. George IV. Tavern, Close Osborne James, agent, 18, Grainger st. ; ho. 5, Framlington-place Osten Ealph Alder, vict. Lambert's Leap Inn, Sandyford-lane Oswald Jno. %'ict. Ferry Boat Inn, Dent's hole Oubridge Matthew, cheesemonger (P.otts & Oubridge) ; ho. Westgate Hill- terrace DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. S83 Outhett Jolin, agent, Trafalgar-street Ontbett Margaret, school, 7, Trafalgar -st Outhett Octavia, schoolmistress, Cholera school, Eosemary-lane Ovenden Benjamin, wool and marine store dlr. 86, West Cla^'ton-street, and Croft-st Owen Joseph, currier (Owen, and Sons); ho. 5, Westgate-hill-terrace Owen & Sons, curriers, 8, Lo\y Friar-st Owen William chemist, 20, CoUingwood-st and Adelaide place ; ho. Yictoiia-villa, Eyehill Oxnard Edward, provision dealer, Sunder- land-street Oxnard Thos. hairdresser, i, Marlboro' -st PACE Robert, gentleman, 0, Eyehill Page Henry, master of St. Thomas's school, Vine-place Paget & Irons, surgeons, 1, Saville-row Paget John Steavenson, surgeon (Paget & Irons) ; ho. 1, Saville-row Paisley Thomas, vict. Elsiolck House Inn, 10, Hinde-st. Scotswood-road Palmer Brothers, & Co. ironship builders, Jarrow ; office, 12, Quay Talmer Charles Mark, ship broker {G. & C. M, Palmer) ; ho. 1, Jesmond High-ter Palmer George, ship broker (G. & C. M. Palmer); ho. 6, Ellision-place Palmer George, builder, Byker-bar Palmer George & C. M. ship brokers, and timber merchants, 29, Quay Palmer John, fruiterer, 97, East Clayton st Pannett Mary, dressmaker, Wesley-sireet Pape James, dealer in game, 27, Colling- wood-street ; ho. Spital Paradise Wm. bookseller, 99, Percy -st Park Mrs. Isabella 6, Greenfield place Park John, boot and shoe manufacturer, 06, Pilgrim-st. and 35, West Clayton-st Park Joseph, gentleman, New-roacl Parker Ann, vict. Castle Lm, 13, Castle-gth Parker Anthony & Go. coal exporters, &c. 50, Quay, and wharfingers, New-quay Parker Anthony,coal exporter, &c. (A.Parker & Co.) ; ho. 15, West-street, Gateshead Parker George, eating house, 37, Sandhill Parker Jessie, eating house, 17, East Clayton-street Parker John, & Co. paper merchants, 40, Sandhill Parker John, paper merchant (J. Parker & Co.) ; ho. Stella Parker John, vict. Pine Apple Hotel, 14, Nun-street Parker & Lander, coach proprtors.Green-ct Parker Joseph, manager's corresponding clerk, Newcastle and Carlisle Railway Station; ho. Ord-street Parker Richard, butcher, 151, New Market ; ho. Hedley-street Parker Thos. butcher, 18, Buckingham-st ; and Arthur's-hill Parker Wm. agent, 2, Byron-street Parker William, hatter (French hat Co.) ; ho. 2, Forth-place Parkinson Barbara, druggist, 51, Sandhill Parkinson Joshua, cabinet maker, New-rd Parkinson Richd. prov. dlr. Elswick-lane Parks Hugh, bootmaker, Blandford-st Parr Elizabeth, straw bonnet maker (Parr & Watson); ho. Melbourne- st. Gateshead Parr Mrs. Elizabeth, 4, St. James's-terrace Parr & Watson, straw bonnet makers, Market-entrance, 18, Grainger-street Parratt Mary Ann, vict. Rose Inn, Pud- ding-chare Parry Danl. beerhouse, 21, West Clayton-st Parry Wm. Softley, glass merchant, 41, Grainger-street ; ho. 2, Mansfield-street Parsons Elias, perfumer, 10, Mosley-st Patriarca John, toy dealer (Origoni& Co.); ho. 57, Blandford- street Patrick Richard, agent, 92, Blenheim-st PatrickWm. bootmkr. 18, Castle-garth Stairs Patrick Wm. butcher, 147, New Market ; ho. Tyne-street Patter,son Cath. lodgings, 21, Blackett-st Patterson Jas. cartproprt. 8, Spring Gard-tr Patterson Jas. eating house, 38, Highbridge Patterson John D. butcher, 15, Buxion-st Patterson John, butcher, 183, New Market ; ho. 89, Percy-street Patterson Jno. dairyman, 3, Buckingham-st Patterson John, painter, Westgate; ho. 18, ])uke-street Patterson John, linen manufacturer, 80, Pilgrim-street Patterson John, prov. dealer, Gallow-gate Patterson John, tinplate worker, High Friar-st. and clothes dealer, Denton- cliare Patterson John D. butcher, Victoria Market; ho. 14, Melbourne-street Patterson Luke, prov. dealer, ] 5, William-i|; Patterson Margaret, lodging house, 21, Blackett-street Patterson Mary, prov. dlr. East Ballast-hills Patterson Robt. butcher, 146, New Market; ho. Percy-street Patterson Robert and Son, millwrights, 89, Percy-street Patterson Thomas, grocer, Stepney-bank Patterson Wm. clerk, C. Railway, Bayley-st S84 DlRECtORT? OF NEWCASTLE-Uf ON-*YKE. Pattinson &Dunii, auctioneers, appraisers, p: commission agents, and sheriff's officers, "21 Groat Market Pattinson Hugh Lee & Co. chemical manu- facturers ; office, 10, Grey-street ; works, FelMng Chemical Works Pattinson Hugh Lee, chemical manufacurer (H. L. Pattison & Co.) ; ho. Scot's House Pattinson Isaac, auctioneer, &c. (Pattinson & Dunn); ho. 32, Pudding-chare Pattinson J. hoot maker, Blandford-street Pattinson Jessie T. leather dresser, Gallow- gate ; ho. 44, Blandford-street Pattinson John, cooper,Fleece-court,Gallow- gate ; ho. 22, Blackett-street Pattinson Joseph, tanner; Ijo. 4 Prospect-pl Pattinson R. & Son, tanners, Gallow-gate Pattinson Rbt. jun. tanner (R. Pattison & Son) ; ho. 46, Cumberland-row Pattinson Robt. sen. tanner (R. Pattinson and Son); ho. 41, Westmoreland-ten'ace Pattinson Thomas & Co. ship & insurance brokers, and Australian Emigration agents, &c. Three Indian King's- court, Quay. Pattinson Thomas, ship and insurance broker, &c. (Thomas Pattinson & Co.); ho. 41, Westmoreland-terrace Pattison Edward, messenger to Savings' Bank, Argyle-street Pattison Geo. provision dealer, G, Lisle-st Pattison Geo. joiner and cartwright, Scotch Arms-yard; ho, 10 Railway-terrace Pattison John, painter, Westgate Pattison John, provision dealer, New-road Pattison Mary, shopkeeper. Lisle-street Pattison Matthew, prov. dlr. 48, Percy-st Pattison Robert, vict. Steam Boat Inn, 3, Quayside Pattison Sarah, cart prop. 8, Forth-terrace Pattison Susannah, provision dealer, 3, Low Friar-street Pattison Thomas, grocer, Angus's-court, Bigg Market ; ho. 6, Low Swinburne-pl Pattison Wm. butcher, 128, New Market; ho. B arras -court Pattison Wm. cart proprietor, 66, Percy-st Patton Isabella, clothes dealer, Low Bridge Patton Jane, boot dealer, 78, Side Patton John, Phoenix Pottery, Ousebiu-n Patton Ralph, vict. Shepherd Inn, 10, Marl- borough-cresent Paxton Miss Isabella, Westgate- hill Paxton William, painter, 58, Groat Market; ho. Lime-street, Ouseburn Payne Wm. Mark T. builder, Leazes-road ; ho. 78, Percy-street Peacock Alex, provsn dlr. St. Nicholas-sqr Peacock Ann, lodgings, 9, Shakspeare-st Peacofek George, tailor. East Clayton-street Peacock John, agent, Wesley-street Peacock Robert, vict. Barley Mow Inn, and Sailors' Boarding House, Sandgate Peacock Thos. vict. Glole tavern, Buxton-st Peacock Thomas, builder, Argyle-terrace Pears William, bookseller, New Market, and 4, William-street Pears William, gentleman, 2, Eldon- square, and Fenham Pearse John Saml. resident medical officer, Dispensary, Nelson-street Pearson Ann, vict. Ship Inn, Sandgate Pearson Miss Ann, 36, Leazes'-terrace Pearson Charles, grocer. Stepney Pearson Christopher, lastmaker, 26, High Bridge ; ho. 25, Close Pearson Christopher, prov. dlr. 25, Close Pearson Elizabeth, vict. Newcastle and Ber- loich Goods Station Hotel, Trafalgar- st Pearson Gorge, railway stat. master, Heaton Pearson Geo. agent, 31, Blandford-street Pearson Henry, vict. White Swan Inn, Brewery-bank Pearson Frances and Jane, seminary, Car- liol-s'quare Pearson Mrs. Isabella, 5, Jesmond-terrace PearsonJohn, vict. Grey Horse Inn, 65, Quay Pearson John, wool stapler. Fleece-court, Gallow-gate ; ho. 7, Gibson street Pearson Mrs. Hinds, 8, St. James's- street Pearson John B. coal fitter, 32, Quay; ho. 10, Albion-place Pearson Lazenby, currier, &c. Side ; ho. 19, Cottenham-street Pearson Joseph C. deputy clerk of St. Nicholas's, Albert-place Pearson Mrs. Mary, West Jesmond Pearson Michael, provision dealer, Forth-st Pearson Ann, (widow of the late William Pearson) marble and ornamental stone works, Gibson street. Red-barns ; ho. 18, Hewgill-terrace Pearson Robt. coal agent, 46,Leazes-terrace Pearson Wm. agent, 21, Cumberland-row Pearson "Wm. agent, Hewgill-terrace Pearson Wm. cashier, 21, Cumberland-row PearsonWm. \dct. Cross Keys Inn, Sandgate Pearson Wm. iron plate worker. South- street ; ho. Ord-street PearsonWm. Benson, shipbrkr. 5, George-st Peck John Fred, bank agent, 17, Albion-pl Peck 'J hos. cheesemonger, 58, Blackett-st Peel AYm. & Son, hat manufacturers, 8, Dean-street; ho. Queen-street DIRECTORY OF KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, 285 Peel Bobt.DistiictBk.; ho. Plues-pl.Elswick Peele Anthony Wm. ironmonger, 77, West Clayton-st ; ho. Hills-place, Pilgrim-st Pendrick Eobt. cooper, 69, Percy-street; ho. Back Simpson-street Pemberton Stephen John, solicitor (Welford & Pemberton ) ; ho. 28, Brandling-place Penman John, prov. dlr. 1, Buckingham-st Penman IMargt. fruiterer, 3, East Clayton-st; ho. 4"2, Priidhoe-street Penman Thos. printer, 13, Albion-street Penman Thos. surgeon. New Bridge-street Penman Wm. sen. joiner and dairyman, 42, Prudboe-street Penney Geo. vict. Plough Inn, Byker-bar Pennington & Curley, engravers, TBECTOEY OF KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Keed Charles (J. Barras & Co.); ho. 12, Carlton-terrace Eeed Edward Taylor, corn merchant, 20, Newgate-st ; ho. Five-wand mill, Gateshd Eeed Elizabeth J. teacher at the Clergy School; ho. Carliol- square Eeed Edw. Blakey, builder, W. Blandford-st Eeed George Barras, solicitor, and deputy coroner for Castle and Tindale Wards, Bank Buildings, Mosley -street; ho. 10, St. Thomas's- crescent Eeed Henry, stamp distributer. Arcade; ho. Charlton House Eeed James, vict. Grapes Inn, Jesmond Gardens Eeed John, cabinet maker, 21, Stamford- ham -pi ace Eeed John, pawnbroker, 50, Westgate-st Eeed Johnson, chemist, Head of Bucking- ham-street Eeed Lancelot, chemist, 55, Quay, Eegent terrace Eeed Mary, clothes dealer, 50, New Market; house, -4, Low Friar-street Eeed Mary, glass merchant, -i, Market-st Eeed Matthew, builder, Bath-road Eeed Eobert, currier, 63, Newgate-street ; ho. Gallow-gate Eeed Ealph, joiner. Nelson-street; ho. 34, Trafalgar-sti'eet Eeed Eobert, mason, 5, Summer -hill-place" Eeed Stephen, attorney and coroner for Castle and Tindale Wards, Grey-street ; ho. 1, Saville-place Eeed Thomas, shopkeeper, 9, Cloth Market Eeed William Leech, cart proprietor, 20, Newgate-street Eeed William, innkeeper, 9, Stowell-square Eeid Eev. Alexr. (Independent) 5, West- gate-hill-terrace Eeid Andrew, engraver, 117, Pilgrim street; ho. 2, Eyehill Eeid Christian Bruce. Belgian consul, Upper Claremont-place Eeid Christian John, goldsmith &c. (Eeid and Sons) ; ho. 2, West-Parade Eeid C. & I. seminary, 17, St. Thomas's-st. Eeid David, goldsmitla, &c. (Eeid andSons); ho. 2, Eyehill Eeid Isabella, boarding school, 17, St. Thomas's-sti'eet Eeid and Sons, goldsmiths and jewllers, 14, Grey-street Eeid Thomas, commission agent, 33, Quay- side; ho. Clayton-street Eeid William Bruce, brewer, Leazes ; ho. High Claremont-place Eeid Elizabeth prov. dealer, 38, Prudhoe-st. Eeid William James, stay maker, 40, Dean. street; ho. Bulman's-village Eelton John, traffic manager of N. and C. Railway, 6, Wharncliffe-street Eennie Henry, grocer, 10, W. Buckingham-st Eelph John, boot maker, 77, Side; ho. Hanover-teiTace Eenfrew James T. agent for Virtue and Co. publishers, 30, Colhugwood-street Eennie Mary, dressmaker, Canada-street Eennison Henry, butcher, 165, New Market, and Peel-street Eennison James, agent, 13, Hewgill-terrace Eennoldson and Farley, timber merchants, 33, Quay Eennoldson Jas. P. timber merchant (Een- noldson (felarley); ho. Carlton-terrace. Eennoldson John, malster, Queen street Eennoldson Eichd. flour dlr. 62, Newgate-st Eennoldson Thomas, master mariner, 9 Picton-place Eenshaw William, vict. High Level Inn, Queen-street Eenwick Matthew, registrar of births and deaths for All Saints', 15, Stepney-terrace Eenwick Eobt. cabinet maker, 79, Pilgrim-st Eenvdcks John, prov. dealer, 6, Low Friar-st Eevely Wm. &Co. grocers, 60, Groat Market Eevely William, grocer ( W. Eevely and Co.) ho. 4, Eegent terrace Eewcastle J. col. of taxes, 48, Hedley-place Ehagg John A. printer, 48, Pilgrim-street; ho. Brandhng-village Ehind x41exander, draper & tailor (Hutton and Ehind), 1, Cumberland row Ehodes Samuel, fishmonger, 21, Union-st Eichardson Miss Ann, Beech-grove Eichardson and Browell, profsnl. chemists, Westgate-street Eichardson Chas. boot maker, 69, Percy-st Eichardson & Co. agricultural imi)lement makers, Stowell-street Eichardson & Co. merchants, 20, SandhiU Eichai'dson & Coxon, di-apers and furriers, 28, Grey-st. and 11, 12, and 13, Market-st Eichardson & Son,mach. makers, Stowell-st Eichardson Ehz. colourer, 94, Newgate-st Eichardson George, genleman, 9, Albion-st Eichardson George, junior, insurance agent, 4, Union-street; ho. 9, Albion-street Eichardson George Bouchier, bookseller and printer, 38, West Clayton-street ; ho. 7, Blenheim-street Eichardson George, bricklar. Byker-buildgs Eichardson Henry grocer, 4, Union-st; ho. 45, Westmoreland-terrace PIKECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. S89 Eichardson Henry B. artist, 50, Blackett-st Eichardsoa James, farmer and grazier, 104, Percy-street Eicliardson Jasper, wine merchant, 48, Xewgate-street ; ho. 14, Els wick-villas Eichardson Jno. shopkeeiDer, Sandyford-ln Eichardson John, machine maker (Eichard- son & Son); ho. Els\vick-lane Eichardson Jno. & Co. coffee roasters, spice grinders, and chicory manufactm^ers, Hanover-square and Manors Eichardson John, coffee roaster, &g. (John Eichardson & Co.); ho. Gallow-gate Eichardson John, provision dealer, 4, Liverpool-street Eichardson John, & Co. painters, 14, St. Nicholas's-church-yd ; office, 50, Dean st Eichardson John, & Edward, tanners, 80, Newgate-st. (fegliie manfrs. Back-lane ; ho. Elswick-lane Eichardson J. H. & Co. firebrick, &c. manu- facturers, 28, Quay Eichardson John, agent, 16, Plummer-st. Eichardson John, smith, 79, Percy-street Eichardson John, tobacconist, 13, Dean st; ho. Painter-heugh Eichardson John, j un. blacksmith, Percy-st ; ho. Liverpool-street Eichardson Jno.H. firebrick &c. manufactr. (J. H. Eichardson & Co.); ho. Willington Eichardson John, vict. Grapes Inn, Elswick Eichardson John, tanner. (J. & E. Eichard- son); ho. Elswick-lane Eichardson Jno. W. cornfactor, 1, Sandhill; ho. 107, Blenheim-street Eichardson Jonathan, director in the Dis ■ trict Bank, Hood-st; ho. Shotley Park, Shotley Bridge Eichardson Joseph, vict. Croio's Nest Inn, 66, Percy-st Eichardson Joseph, painter, 14, Albion-st; ho. Hood-street, Sandyford-lane Eichardson Mansfield, coach-proprietor, 16, St. John's-lane Eichardson Mansfield, tailor, 19,St.John's-ln Eichardson Mary, confectr. 6, St. John's-ln Eichardson Mary, milliner, 3, Eldon-square Eichardson Eobert, joiner & cabinetmaker, and furniture broker, Causey Bank Eichardson Thos. cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Eichardson T. hairdresser, 24, Pilgrim-st Eichardson Thomas, perfumer, Szc. 77, North umberland-st. ; ho. 1, Blackett-pl Eichardson Thos. professor of music, 60, Grainger-street Eichardson Thomas, sharebroker (Drewry & Eichardson); ho. 7, St. Jamcs's-sti'cet T Eichardson Thos. profes. chemist (Eich- ardson & Browell); ho. 5, Portland-pl Eichardson Thos. draper &c. (Eichardson & Coxon); ho. 35, Eyehill Eichardson WilHam, bootmaker, 6, Castle- garth-stairs Eichardson William, commission agent, 20, Sandhill ; ho. 15, Claremont-place Eichardson Wm. dealer in paper hangings, 108, Pilgrim-st Eichardson Wm. (Eichardson & Co.); ho. 15, Claremont-place Eichardson Wm. stenciller, 7, Liverpool-st Eichie Nichol, jeweller, 28, Mosley-street Eickelton Hannah, butcher, 168, New Mkt. and 9, Westgate- street Eickelton William, timber merchant, Forth Banks ; ho. 8, Elswick East-terrace Eiddell George, marine store dealer, Ouse- burn Bridge Eiddell Thos. agent, 5, Brandling-place Eiddell Thomas, grocer, 33, Mosley-st ; ho.ar 25, Cumberland-row ^t Eiddle Nicholas, cattle dlr. High Villa-pI Eidgway Jos. teacher, Hanover-square rig^ Eidley Errington, provision merchantjClose ho. 36, Vfestmoreland-terrace 95^ Eidley E. E. alkali manufacturer, St. Peter's ,is ho. New Eoad h Eidley F. W. copperas manufacturer (J. & F. W. Eidley) ; ho. 16, Lovaine-place Eidley George, tailor, Wesley-street Eidley George, agent, Elswick East-terrace Eidley Henry, chemist, 54, Newgate-st ; ho, 14, St. Thomas's-street Eidley I. & F. W. copperas manufacturers ; ofiice, 34, Quay- side Eidley John & Son, shipbrokers, 34, Quay Eidley John, provision dealer, Close Eidley John, sohcitor, 45, Westgate-st ; ho. 13, Saville-row Eidley John, manufacturing engineer, 98, Buckingham-street Eidley John, shipbroker (J. Eidley & Son); ho. 16, Lovaine-place Eidley Joseph, vict. Earl of Westmoreland Inn, Westmoreland-street Eidley Mrs. Margt. Low Swinburne-place Eidley Mary Ann, cooper, 88, Pilgrim-st. and 39, Bigg Market ; ho. 4, Eidley-pl Eidley Matthew, vict. Duke of Wellington Inn, Drury-lane Eidley Philhs, confectioner (Wylhe and Eidlev) ; ho. 23, Cloth Market Eidley Samuel, currier, 23, Blackett-street. Eidley Samuel, wine and spirit merchant, (Eidley & Thompson); ho. Eegent-ter 290 DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE* Eidley Thomas, bottle manufacturer, Albion Glass Works, St. Peter's ; ho. Shieldfield Bidley & Thompson, wine & spirit merchts Love-lane, Quay Ridley Thos. Dawson, builder, Erick-st; ho. Els^vick East -terrace Ridley Thos. tallow chandler. Castle-street; ho. Ravensworth-terrace, Gateshead Ridley Thos. sohcitor (Hall & Ridley) ; ho. 2, Jesmond-terrace Ridley Wilham, cheesemonger, 76, Close ; ho. 9, Forth-terrace Ridley Wm, tailor, grocer & beer retailer, 26, Waterloo-street Ridsdale Thos. wine & spirit merchant, 7, Market-street Riley Dorothy & Ann, dressmkrs. 19, Hill-st Riley John, shoemaker, 19, Hill-street Ripley Mrgt. vict. Crown Inn, Manor-chare Ritchie John, vict. Talbot Inn, 74, West- gate-street Ritchie Robert, bond warehouse agent, 40 and 50, Close Ritchie Robert, Water Co.'s turncock. Manor-place ""itchie Wm. agent, Bell's-court, Pilgrim-st titson Jno. engine wright, Old Soap House, Ballast-hills Ritzema Henry R. brewer, Shieldfield ; ho. 15, St, Thomas's-st Roberts .fc Co. commission agents, New-quay Roberts John, beerhouse, 8, Pudding-phare Roberts J. H. commission agents (Roberts & Co.); ho. Red Bams ViUa Roberts William, superintendent of Vagrant Ward, Queen-street Robertson Ann, teacher, 62, Northumber- land-street Robertson Geo. prov. dealer, 1 Elswick-st Robertson Jas. B. commercial traveller, 7, West-parade Robertson Jane, provision dealer, 27, St. Mary's-place-west ; ho. Nixon's-place, Percy-street Robertson John, saddler, 8, Newgate -street Robertson John J. sailmaker & provision merchant, Broad-chare Robertson John Henry, vict. Union Inn, Stockbridge Robins Mrs. seminary, Carliol- street Robins Wm. relieving officer, Carliol-street Robinson Edw. shipbroker, 15, Wesley-st Robinson George, cabinet maker, 74, Northumberland-street, and 23, Percy- st Robinson Geo. gentleman, 6, West-parade Robinson George, M.D. 26, Eldon-square Robinson GecFinley, engraver, 17, John-st Robinson Hugh, pro%'ision dealer, 36, New- gate-street Robinson James, temp, hotel, I, Colling- wood-street Robinson James, com. traveller, 17, Ryehill Robinson Jane Maria, seminary, 17, Ryehill Robinson Jane, provision dealer, Northum- berland-street Robinson Mrs. Jane 6, Albion street Robinson John, boot and shoemaker, 100, East Elswick-terrace Robinson John, currier, 58, St. Nicholas-sq Robinson John P. & Co. mlnrs. 60, Grain- ger-street Robinson John, academy, Cai-penters' Hall, Westgate; ho. 3, Cumberland-row Robinson John, bootmaker, 132, Pilgrim st; ho. 13, Stamfordh am -place Robinson John, butcher, 28, Westgate-hill, andl57, Nev^ Mkt; ho. 28, Westgate-hill Robinson John, cheesemonger, 47 and 48, Dean-st; ho. Roseworth Cottage,Gosforth Robinson John, grocer, 8, Butcher-bank Robinson John, tide waiter, 9, Hewgill-ter Robinson Joseph, livery stable keeper, 7, Cloth Market; ho. Union-street Robinson Joseph, oyster merchant, 9, East Clayton street Robinson Joseph W. linen manufacturer (Robinson & Wilson) ; ho. 59, Eldon-st Robinson and Son, grocers, Collingwoodst, and spirit merchants, 18, Union-street Robinson Margaret, milliner, Buxton-st Robinson Robert, bookseller, 116, Pilgrim- street; ho. Blackett-street Robinson Robt. stationer, 31 and 32, Side ; ho. Priory, Summer-hill-grove Robinson Robt. beer retailer, St. Anthony's Robinson Sarah, dressmkr, 11, Waterloo-st Robinson Thomas, grocer (Robinson and Son) ; ho. 26, AVestmoreland-terrace Robinson Wm. vict. Blue Bell Inn, Cut-bank Robinson Wm. agent, 17, Princess-street Robinson & Wilson, linen mnfs. 79, Pil- grim-street Robison Mary, hosier, (fee. 4, Northumber- land-street ; ho. 40, Prudhoe-street Robson Ann, academy. Glasshouse-street, St. Peters Robson Ann, Uvery stables. High Friar-st; ho. Blackett-street Robson Alexander, tailor, Byker-bar Robson Ann, cowkeeper, Percy-street Robson Arthur, agent, 38, Richmond- st Robson Clement, shipor, 7, Siimmer-hUl-ter Robson E. & Co. drapers, 29, Mosley-st; ho. 26, Eldon-street DIBECTOKY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, 291 Eobson Ebenezer, draper (E. Eobson and Co.); lio. 26, Eldon-street Eobson Edward, cowkeeper. Back-lane Eobson Edward, fruit merchant, Grinding- chare, Quay ; ho. 10, Clareniont-jDlace Eobson Elizabeth, flour dlr, 74, Pilgriui st Eobson Elizabeth, milliner, 6, Mosley st Eobson Deborah, cowkeeper, 10, Prudhoe-st Eobson Frances, floor cloth manufacturer, Elswick East-terrace ; ho. 2, Westmore- land-terrace Eobson Geo.proY. dealer, 5, Buckingham-st Eobson George, butcher, 39, New Market ; ho. 12, Eichmond-street Eobson Geo. provision dealer, Sandgate Eobson Geo. sharebroker, 34, Mosley-st ; ho. 8, Charlton-terrace Eobson & Hall, ironmongers, 3, Mosley-st Eobson Hannah, cab prptr. 2, Picton-ter Eobson Jas. lace mart, 15, Mosley-street ; ho. Coxlodge Cottage Eobson BIrs. James, French milliner, 15, Mosley-street Eobson Jas. mattress maker, 13, Pilgrim-st Eobson James, wine and spirit merchant. Manor-street; ho. 19, Eidley-place Eobson Jane, provision dealer, William - street, Arthur's-hill Eobson John, butcher, 8, Marlborough-st Eobson John, cabinet maker, 48, Groat Market ; ho. 66, Grainger-street Eobson John, com.trav.l9, Elswick East-ter Eobson John, hatter, 63, Grainger-street ; ho. Hillgate, Gateshead Eobson John, vict. Star and Garter, 13, East Clayton-street Eobson Jno. marine store dealer, 48, Forth- street ; ho. 63, Westmoreland-terrace Kobson John, brazier, 105, Percy-street Eobson John, tinplate-worker, 1, Back Els wick-street Eobson Joseph, vict. Hare and Hounds Inn, St. Peter's Eobson Josph.Phlp.agent, Station-house-sq Eobson Mary, matron, Female Penitenti- ary, Diana-street Eobson Margaret, prov. dealer. Union Mill Eobson Matthew, eating house, 10, East Clayton-street Eobson Eobt. builder and stone merchant, Carliol-square, Kenton, and Wideopen Eobson Eobert, cabinetmaker,64,Northum- berland-street Eobson Eobt. grocer, 9, Bridge-end ; ho. Simpson-street Eobson Eobert, hosier, (J. Corbett «8c Co.); ho. 2, Grey-street Eobson Eobt. agent, Elswick East- terrace Eobson Thos. boot and shoemkr, Wesley-st Eobson Thos. bootmaker, 107, Side Eobson Thos. timber merchant,8,Albert-ter Eobson Thos. ironmonger (Eobson & Hall); ho. 5, Westgate-hill Eobson Wm. builder, Leazes-road ; ho. 1, Percy-place Eobson Wm. builder, 16, West Pitt-street Eobson Wm. butcher, 12, New Market Eobson Wm. cart proprietor, Gallow-gate Eobson Wm. coach proprietor, High Friar- street ; ho. 39, Blackett-street Eobson Wm. gentleman, 11, Claremont-pl Eobson Wm. painter, Drury-laue ; ho. 31, Trafalgar-street Eobson Wm, seed crusher (Hoyle, Eobson, &Co.); ho. Paradise Eobson Wm. B. provision dealer, Sandgate Eobson Wm. Edwd. clock maker, 8, Cloth Market ; ho. 25, Marlborough-street Eobson Wm. E. builder, Westgate Hill-ter Eobson Wm. Young, flour dealer, 34, Groat Market ; ho. Byron-street Eochester Edwd. vict. Bricklayers' Arms, Stepney-bank Eochester Thos. & Son, provision dlrs. 95, Newgate- st ; ho. Skinners'-burn Saw Mills Eodger Jane M. milliner, 5, Grainger-street Eodger John, vict. Albion, 181, Pilgrim-st Eodgers John, beerhouse, Sxjring-street Eod.ie John, vict. Turk's Head Hotel, 25 Grey street Eoe James, vict. Union Tavern 43, Head of Side Eodham Thomas, grocer & ale merchant, 21, High-bridge Eogerson Edwd. vict. Crown and Thistle Inn, Groat Market Eogerson and Hardy, Central Hotel, 35, Grey-street Eogerson John, cart proprietor. Back Oxford-street Eogerson John, grindstone manufacturer, 59, Quay; ho. Groat Market Eogers John, clothes dealer. Groat Market Eomer Wm. agent, 1, Brandling-place Eose C. W, commission agent (Intlemann, Eose, & Co.): ho. Bloomfield-terrace, Gateshead Eoss C. M. flour dealer, 78, Pilgrim-street Eoss John, academy. Nelson-street; ho. 18, Terrace-place Eoss John, com. traveller, 15, Albion-place Eoss John, merchant tailor, Scotsv.-ood Eoss Carohne Mary, flour dealer, 78, Pil- grim-street S93 DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Eoss Leonard, fislimonger, 2, Low Friar- street; lio. 33, Terrace-place Eoss Metcalf, printer, Tilla-plaee Eoss Eobert, agent, 20, Terrace-i-)lace Eoss V{m. Malcolm, engineer andmachinst, Hanover-street Eoss Mr. William, 47, Cumberland-row Eongier Joseph, comb and brush manufac- turer, 10, Grey-street Eoutledge Eiizb. dressmkr. 5, Darncrook Eoutledge Jane, straw bonnet maker, 67, Newgate-street Eoutledge Jno. bootmkr, 18, Marlborougli-st Eoutledge John, registrar of marriages, Carliol-street Eoutledge Eobt. builder, Picton-place Eow Eobt. teacher, 4, Buckiugham-street ho. St. Mary-street Eow Eobt. Tict. TVMte Swan Inn, Cloth jSIarket, and bootmaker, at 84, Side Eowell Mrs. Ann, 3, Stamfordham-place Eowell Edwd. confectioner, 24, Kewgate-st; ho. Forth-terrace Eowell ilrs. Elizb. 4, Strawbeny-place Eowell George, marine store dealer, and grease manufacturer. Head of the Swirle; ho. Hewgill -terrace Eowell John, Tict. Charles XII. Inn, 4, Bridge-end Eowell John H. agent, 11, Bichmond-st Eowell Joseph, provision dlr, 95, Pilgrim- street ; ho? 16, Cottenham-street Eowell Samuel, pawnbkr. 74, Northunfber- land-st, ; ho. 1, Northumberland-court Eowell Samuel, smith, Clarence-street : ho. Fugel-street Eoyal Olympic Music Saloon, Eacquet-court. Eobert Howard, proprietor Eowley Francis, tm-ner, 20, Newgate-street; ho. 1, Prudhoe-street Eowley Frank, butcher, 102, New Llarket ; ho. Prudhoe-street Eowley John, academy, 23, Buckingham- street; ho. 7, William-street Eowley Eobt. butcher, 176, Pilgrim-street Eoyston John, draper, 18, Grey-street ; ho. High Bridge Eumford Cuthbt. upholsterer, 7, Green-ct Eush Jolm, contractor, 12, Oxford-street Eussell George, corn factor, 12|, Sandhill; ho. 5, Queen-square Eussell Eobt. ship and insurance broker, 1, Sandhill ; ho. Creig HaU Eussell Thos. vict. Ship Inn, St. Peter's Eussell Wm. potatoe merchant, Nuns'-gate Eussell Henry & Edward, surgeons, 12, St. John's-lane, and 20, Carliol-street Eutheiford Captain James, barrack master, 32, Leazes-terrace Eutherford Chas. & Thomias, tanners and curriers, West Blandford-street Eutherford Chas. tanner, &c. (Chas. & Thos. Eutherford) ; ho. Brandling-place Eutherford Thomas, tanner, &c. (Chas. & Thos. Eutherford); ho. Eidley- villas Eutherford Mr. Jas. Byker-buildiugs, Byker Eutherford Jane, hosier, 3, Adelaide-place Eutherford John, bootmaker, 5, Hill street Eutherford Joseph, bootmaker, 72, Side Eutherford Eobert Stewart, 13, Elddon-sq Eutherford Thos. H. academy, Byker-bar Eutherford Wm. cabinet maker, Westgate Eutherford Y\^m. butcher, Prudhoe-place Eutherford Wm. greengrocer, 206, New Market Eutherford Wm. ChCo House, Eldon-square, and livery stable keeper. North Eldon-la Eutherford Wm. x^rovision dealer, Chapel-la Eutland George, bookseller. New Market; ho. 21, Spring Garden-teiTace Eutland James, grocer, 13, Buckingham-st Eutter Lydia, dressmaker and milliner, High ■\Vesley-street Eutter Martha, glassdealer, 7, Blackett-st Eutter Eichard Ball, agent. Garden-terrace Eycroft Edward Martio, joiner, West- street Eyder, George, butcher, 65, New Market Eycler, John, butcher, 126, New Market ; ho. 55, Clayton-street Eyle Margaret, lodgings, 48, Blaekett-street Eyles Aaron, vict. Old Hawk Inn, Ouseburn Bridge Eymer Eichard, agent, 7, Hedley-place SABOEN Henry, gentleman, 48, Jessa- mine-place Sadler Cornehus, grocer, Ousehum Bridge Sadler Frederick, agent, Argyle-street Sadler Ursula Jane, glove cleaner, Argyle-st Salmon Elizabeth, rict. Norfolk Hero Inn, Colvin's-chai^e Salmon Eobert Stephen, painter, 59, New-- gate-street ; ho. 19,Westmorelaud-terrace Salmon Eobt. master of Union Workhouse, Westgate-hill Sambridge James & Son, grocers, & flour dealers, St. Anthony's Sambridge Thomas, agent, Byker-bar Sambridge William, butcher, St. Anthony's Sampson John, earthenware manufacturer, Ouseburn Sanderson John, brewer, Barras Bridge Sanderson Geo. prov. dlr. 28, Shield-street Sanderson Jolm, brewer, Sandyford-lane ciRECToSY OF newcastle-upon-tyn:^. ^9S Sanderson John, fruiterer, 101, East Clayton-street Sanderson Joseph, dairyman, 9, Pitt-street Sanderson Euth & Mary, 13, St. James's-st Sanderson Eichard Burdon, gentleman, West Jesmond Sanderson Eey.E.B.(Baptist)Brandling-pl Sanderson Eev. E. B. junior, (Baptist) Brandling-place Sanderson Eohert, vict. Ivy House Inn, Stepney field Sanderson Thos. gentleman, 1, Picton-ter Sanderson Yv'ilUam, builder, joiner, &:c. Lambton- place; ho. 41, Prudhoe-street Sang John, surgeon, 1, Charlotte-square Sang William, bookseller, 61, Grey-sti'eet ; ho. 14, Summer-hill-terrace Saniter, Ludwig, & Co. merchants, and shipbrokers, 39, Broad-chare Saniter H. merchant, &c. (Saniter, Ludwig, and Co.); ho. 39, Carliol-street Savage Edward, broker, 17, Cloth Market Saverey James, millstone manufacturer, Eorth-banks Sayer James, ^dct. Blue Bell Inn, St. Nicholas's-square Sayers Wm. floorcloth manufacturer, &c. (Spence & Sayers) ; ho. 19,Terrrace-place Sayers Christopher, basket manufacturer, Percy -street ; ho. 58, Newgate-street Scaife Mrs. Jane, 80, Leazes-terrace Scaife John, marine store dealer, Carliol-pl Scaife John, solicitor, 35, Pilgrim-street; ho. Elswick West-terrace Scaife J. W. chemist and druggist, 56, Grey-street; ho. Leazes-terrace Scai'th John, butcher, St. Peter's-quay Scarlet George, tailor, 31, Collingwood-st Scarlet Geo. Barkas, agent, 1 5, Elswick -villas Scarlett Wm. General Wolfe Inn, Canada-st Scheele Wm. merchant, 71, Quay; ho. 3, Jesmond-place Schier H. J. m>erchant (Christiansen, Schier & Co.); ho. 13, Lovaine -place Schmalz G. & Go. merchants, 71, Quay Schmalz Gustave, merchant (G. Schmalz, and Co.); ho. 7, St. Mary's-terrace ScoTswooD Beick and Tile Company, manufrs. of lampblack, coke, varnish and coal oil, Scotswood Scott Alex. D. Smith, Victoria Market; ho. 17, Melbourne-street Scott Andrew, cattle salesman, 4,Derwent-pl Scott Andrew, butcher. Maidens-walk-st, and 117, New Market Scott Ann, register office for servants, 6-4, Grain ger-street Scott Edward butcher, I, Bayley-street, and New Market Scott Edward, butcher, 77, New Market, and Arthur's-hill ^ ScottEdwd. veterinary surgeon, M.E.V.C.L. Manor chare Scott Elizabeth, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Scott & Forster, drprs. 70, West Clayton- st Scott Henry, tailor, 9, East Clayton-street Scott James, painter, 2, Darncrook ; ho. 9, Sandyford-place Scott James, provision dealer, Adelaide-pl Scott James, vict. Scotch Arms Inn, 7, Quay Scott James J. merchant, 69, Quay; ho. 27, Eldon-street Scott James W. saddler, 83, Pilgrim-street; ■ 6, Blackett-place Scott Jane, teacher, 4, Shield-street Scott John, butcher, 67, New Market; Temple-street Scott John and Andrew, cattle and sheep salesmen, 3, Derwent-place, Cattle Mar- ket and Darnick, Melrose, Eoxburgshire, Scotland Scott John, contractor, 64, Grainger-street Scott John, vict. Earl of Durham Inn, 11, Marlborough-crescent Scott John, tailor, 48, Grainger-street Scott John, umbrella manufacturer and general dealer, 140, Pilgrim-street Scott John D. wine & spirit merchant (Geldard & Scott); ho. 27, Eldon-street Scott John, tailor. Temple-street Scott John, inspector of police, Percy-place Scott John 0. coal fitter, 28, Quay; ho. Willin gton- qu ay Scott Joseph, agent, 2, Claremont-place Scott Miss Margaret, 5, St. Thomas's-ter Scott Mary, dressmakei', 6, Percy -place Scott Nicholas, cabinet makr. Saville-court Scott Eobert, carver & gilder, Hedley-place, Westgate Scott Eobert,butcher,WaUier, St. Anthony's •and Bill-point- quay Scott Eobert, agent, Forth-banks Scott Eobert, butcher, St. Peter's Scott Eobert, vict. Duke of Northuniheriandf 102, East Clayton-street Scott Eobert, bootmaker, 2, Oak's-place Scott Eobt. draper (Scott & Forster); ho. 1, Hedley-street Scott Stephen, wine merchant (Fiula}^ & Scott); ho. 47, Bigg Llarket Scott Thomas, cai'twright. Orchard-street Scott Thomas, seedsman, 27, Bigg Mai'ket Scott Thos. vict. Meters' Arms In«,Sandgate Scott Tliomas, prov. dealer, 4, Edward-st S94 DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Scott Thomas, tailor & draper, 51, West Clayton-street Scott Walter, grocer, Cutbank Scott Walter, joiner, Pandon-bank Scott Wm. baker, 3, St.Nicliolas's churcb-yd Scott Wm.btcbr.7, New Mkt;ho.Waterloo-st Scott WiUiam, smitb, Manor-chare; ho. High-street, Gateshead Scott Wm. B. artist, and master of Govern- ment School of Design, 3, St.Thomas's-st Scott Wm. Henry, mrchnt, &c. (Stevenbon, Vermehern, & Scott); ho. Eldon-street Seager Wm. master mariner, 1, Kichmond-st Selby Leopold, commission agent, 14, St. Thorn as's-crescent Selby E. shoemaker. Temple-street Selkirk & Bell, hosiers, 23, Blackett-street Selkirk James, printer, &c. 27, Market-st. ; ho. 27, Prudhoe-street Selkirk Jane, hosier (Selkirk &Bell);ho. 2, S to well- street Senior Elizabeth, dealer in sund. New Mills Sessford John, prof, of music, Percy-court Sewell and Co. earthenware manufacturers, St. Anthony's Pottery Sewell Henry, earthenware manufacturer (Sewell & Co.) ; ho. St. Anthony's Se^Yell Joseph, earthenware manufacturer (Sewell & Co.); ho. Low Heaton Sewell Kobert, tin-plate worker, Cloth Market; ho. St. Nicholas's-church-yard Sewell Thomas, silversmith, 106, Side;-^ ho. 33, C arliol-street Sewell William J. bootmaker,5,High Bridge Sewell A. & Son, funeral furnishers, 12, Percy-street Shand Wlliam, accountant, Bank -buildings, Mosley-street ; ho. 12, Nixon-street Shanks Thos. & Eobert, coach makers, &c. 24, High Bridge ShanksWm. vict. FightingCocJcs' Inn, East Ballast-hills Sharland Williams & Co. bazaar proprietors, 25, Clayton-street, West Sharp Jas. surgical instrument maker, 26, Market-st. ; ho. 6, Nelson- st., Gateshead Sharp Jane, bookseller, 33, Westgate-street Sharp Thomas, agent, 100, Blenheim-st Sbaw Elias, agent, 12, Saville-court Shaw Hannah, grocer, 12, Friar-street Shaw James Davidson, banker, 10, St. Thomas's -street Shaw Joseph, pawnbroker,! 9, St.Nicholas's- church-yard Shaw Margt. provision dealer, 21, Percy-st Shaw Thomas, seed crusher (Hoyle, Eob- son, & Co.); ho.Whickham ShawWilliam,commercial traveller, 19, High Bridge Sheardown Bernard J. merchant (Hollenius (feSheardown); ho. Elswick-lane Shephard Ann, agent for Morrison's medi- cines, 20, Carliol-street Shephard Joseph, agent, 20, Carhol-street Shepherd Jno. Henderson, vict. Newcastle Arms Inn, Darncrook Shepherd Eev. Eobt. incumb. of St. Paul's, 5, Elswick lane Sherwood Wilham, combmaker, 37, Bigg Market; ho. 5, Northumberland-court SherwoodWm.combmkr.Eighting Cocks'-yd Shevill Thos. slater, &:c. Liverpool-street Shield Frederick & Co. ship brokers and coal fitters, 67, Quay Shield Frederick, ship broker (F. Shield & Co.) ; ho. Dalton Shield Geo. com. trav. 6, St. Thomas's-cres Shield Geo. E. & Co. woollen merchants, 39, Mosley-street Shield Geo. Eobertson, woollen merchant, (G. E. Shield & Co.); ho. 9, Claremont-pl Shield Mrs. Helen 14, Leazes-terrace Shield Henry, bootmaker, 9, John-street Shield James & Co. wine merchants, 34, Market-street Shield James, wine merchant (J. Shield & Co.); ho. 17, High Claremont-place Shield John & Co. merchants, 62, Grey-st and Old Market-lane Shield John, junr. wine merchant (J.Shield, & Co.) ; ho. 62, Grey-street Shield Joseph, Son, & Co. ship and insur- ance brokers. Trinity Chambers, Quay Shield Joseph, ship, &c. broker (J. Shield Son, & Co.) ; ho. Westgate Cottage Shield Margaret, grocer, &c. 59, Stowell-st Shiell John, prov. dealer, 13, Pudding chare Shields Thos. & Son, piano-forte, manu- facturers, 54, Northumberland-street Shields Wm. chain and anchor manufac- turer and iron founder, St. Peter's Quay; ho. 14, Eidley Villas Shipley Anthony, dairyman, Gallow-gate Shipley Joseph, managing clerk, 72, Grey-st Shipley Wm. corn & flour dlr. 43, BiggMkt Short Thos. draper, 78, West Clayton-st Short Thos. com. traveller, 13, York-st Short Matthew, vict. Eopers' Arms Inn, 2, Nelson-street, North-shore Shorter Maiia, register office for servants. 90, Pilgrim-street Shorthose John, agent for Bass&Co. Goods Station Y. N. & B. Ey ; ho. Sheffield-gu Shotton John, tailor, Byker-bar DIRECTOBY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. ^96 Shotton Robert, cheesemonger, 17, St. Nicliolas's-chnrch-yard Shotton Eoger, draper, 40, Jessamine-place Sibbet Henry, tax collector. Orchard-street Siddle R. butcher, Hindhangh-street Sidney & Ray, tea dealers, 27, Grey-street Signey Michael, wire worker (Foggin and Signey) ; ho. Argyle-terrace Sillick James, tanner, 27, Bigg Market ; ho. 6, Claremont-place Simmons Henry John, marine store dealer, Dog Bank Simmons Simon, cabinet maker, 16, North- umberland-street Simm James, boot and shoe maker, 14, Chm-chhill-street SimpsonAlex.YictiorcZA"^eZsojiJnK,Sandgate Simpson C. cabinet maker, 109, Pilgrim-st Simpson Geo. confectnr. 15, Cloth Market Simpson Anthony, bookseller, &c. (T. Simp- son & Sons) ; ho. 35, Howard-street Simpson George, plumber, &c. Blandford- street and Westgate Simpson Henry, Commercial Hotel, 26, Grainger-street Simpson Henry, bookseller, &c. (T. Simp- son & Sons) ; ho. Red Bams Simpson John, contractor, 26, Melboume-st Simpson Jos. butcher, 26, New Market; ho. Bigg Market Simpson Mrs. teacher, 61, Westmoreland-ter Simpson Thomas, dealer in sundries, 26, Pudding-chare Simpson Thos. bookseller, &c. (T. Simpson and Sons) ; ho. 2, Side Simpson Thos. and Sons, booksellers and printers, 2 Side, and 15, Dean-street Simpson William, Newbegin, shopkeeper, 12, Lower Buxton-street Simpson Wm. grocer and provision dealer, Westgate ; ho. Garden-terrace Sinclair Adam, tailor, 12, Castle-garth Sinclair Archibald, vict. JDuke of York Inn, and grocer. East Ballast-hills Sinclair Duncan, vict. Gardeners' Arms Inn, 3, Nelson-street, Grainger-street Sinclair Henry, agent, Hare-street Sinclair Henry, hosier, 2, Hiu de-street Sinclair James, professor of dancing, 2, Nelson-street, Grainger-street Sinclair William, livery stable and posting house, 65, Northumberland-street Singleton Joseph, grease manufacturer, &c. Royal Oak Inn, Buckingham-street Sinton John, miller and flour dealer, 38, Groat Market Sinton George, GIoIq Inn^ High Wesley-st Sinton Margaret, dress mkr. Terrace place Sisson George, com. agent (Currie, Brothers and Co.); ho. 7, Bloomfield-ter. Gateshead Skelton Ann, straw hat mkr. 16, Prudhoe-st Skelton John, timber merchant (Doeg and Skelton); ho. 7, Mulgrave-ter. Gateshead Slater Benjamin, miller, Sussex-street Slater Henry, butcher, Gibson-street Slater John, miller, Forth-street Slater Thomas, miller, Forth-street; ho. 20, West Elswick-terrace Slater William, dairyman, Oak's-place Slee Mthw. prov. dlr. Nelson-st, Grainger-st Sloan David, provision dealer. Back-row Slow Philip, grocer, Blagdon-street Smaile Robert, agent, Vine-lane Smaile Robert & Benjamin, crucible manu- facturers. Regent-street Smales Thos. C. agent, 1, East-parade Small Hannah, hosier, Sandhill ; ho. 19, Ridley-villas Small Mrs. Mary Eliza, 17, Wellington-ter Small Thos. Oswald, hosier, 8, Blackett-st; ho. 19, Ridley-villas Smart Mary Ann, lodgings, 113, Blenheim-st Smarthwaite W. B. agent, 9, St, James's-st Smellie John, gardener, Goldspink-lane, Jesraond Smiles Edward, chemist, 54, Newgate-st Smiles Hy. manager Newcastle and Carlisle Railway station ; ho. Y/estoe, South Shds Smith Adam, draper, Ouseburn Bridge; ho. Byker-buildings Smith Ann, greengrocer, 227, New Market Smith Ann, lodgings, Carliol-street Smith Ann, lodgings, 8, Eldon-square Smith Anthony, prov. dlr. Back Trafalgar-st Smith Barbara, eating house, 25, Nelson-st Smith Batholomew, tea dealder, 9^ Oxford-st Smith Catherine, milliner, 105, E, Claytou-st Smith Chas. agent, 25, Eldon-place Smith Chas. & Son, shipbrks. 1, Broad-chare Smith Chas. shipbroker, (C. Smith & Son); ho. ]2, Saville-row Smith Mrs. Esther, 4, Leazes-terrace Smith Fred, superintendent for T. & Wm. Smith, shipbuilders, St. Peters; ho. 11, Regent-terrace Smith Geo. agent, 93, Blandford-street Smith Geo. butcher, 42, New Mai'ket and Gibson-street; ho. New-road Smith G. F. A. secty. to the North British Insurance Company; 14, Sandhill; ho. 44, Leazes-terrace Smith iSc Griffin, carpenters it joiners, Car- liol-square Smith H. photographic Mtist, 70, Grey-st S96 DIRECTORS OF newcastl-e-u?ok-ty:\^:^. Smitli Jacob, millwright, 14, Spring Gar- den-terrace Smith James, vict. Blue Bell Inn, Grind- ing-chare Smith Jas. draper (Mackey, Smith & Co,); ho. Henderson's-place, Gateshd. Low Fell Smith John, joiaer, &c. (Arnot & Smith); ho. 12, Terrace-place Smith John, dairyman, G, Marlhorough-st Smith John, provision dealer, Temple-street Smith John, enginewright, 29, Newgate-st Smith John, vict. Shipwright's Arms, St. Peter's Smith John Coulson, clothes dealer, 9, St. Nicholas's-churchyard Smith J. & W. J. engineers, iron founders, & boiler makers, St. Lavn'ence Iron Works Smith John Young, agent, 9, St. Thomas's-st Smith Maria, teacher (Bowness & Smith); ho. 53, Northumberland-street Smith Mary, butcher, 1 64, New jMarket ; ho. 43, West Clayton-street Smith Mrs. Mary, Shield-street Smith Miss Elizab. 3, St. James's terrace Smith Neil, commission agent, 1, Green- lield-place Smith Nicholas, agent, Forth-banks, West Smith Ealph, pawnbrkr. 6, Upper Buston-st Smith Ealph, tobacconist, 41, Grey-st; ho. 5, Villa-place Smith Eobt. draper, 64, West Clayton-st Smith Eobt. Anthony, tea & coSee mrchnt. 15, Bigg Market; ho. 4, Lovaine-crescent Smith Thos. schoolmaster. Cholera School, Eosemary-lane Smith Thos. commercial trav. 33, Blackett-st Smith Thos. greengrocer, 225, New Mrkt; ho. Leazes-crescent Smith Thos. provision dealer, Manor-chare and Quay-side Smith Thos. provi. dlr. 39, Newgate-street Smith Thos. vict. Black Boy, Spital tongues Smith Thos. flour dealer, 2, Quay ; ho. 3, Picton-terrace Smith Thos. & Wm. rope manufacturers, St. Lawrence, & wood & iron shipbuilders, St. Peter's and North Shields Smith Thos. rope manufactr. &c. (T. & W. Smith); ho. High Gosforth House Smith William, vict. Golden Lion Inn, Bigg Market Smith Wm. rope manufacturer, (T. & W. Smith) ; ho. Benton Smitlison Geo. cornfactr (Eedhead & Smith- ^'- son); ho. St. Mary's-mount, Jesraond Smithson Wm. provision dlr. 14, George-st Smurthwaite Wm. B. agent, 9, St. James's-st Snaith Eobt. prov. dealer, & retailer of beer, Back Trafalgar-street Snaith W. D. cooper. Stock Bridge; ho. 191, Pilgrim-street Snape Eev. Jas. head master Eoyal Gram- mar School, Charlotte-square; ho. 14, West Elswick-terrace Snow Joseph, butcher, 174, New Market, & Scotswood-road Snowball & Allan, confectioners, 72, Nor- thumberland-street Snowball Thomas, baker &c. (Snowball & Allan); ho. 17, St. Mary's-place Snowden Eev. Charles, M.A. curate of St. Nicholas's chm^ch ; ho. Eldon- square Snowdon Henry, tailor, 4, Blackett-st ; ho. Shield-street Snowdon John, grocer &c. 60, Quay Snowdon T. bookbinder, 10, Bigg Market ; ho. 22, Stowell-street Snowdon William & Son, bookbinders, 10, Bigg JMarket Snowdon Wm. bookbinder, (William Snow- don & Sou); ho. Stowell-street Snowdon Wm. draper, 4, Blackett-st Snowdon Wm. J. grocer, 2 and 3, Percy-st Solomon John, tailor, Castle-garth Somerville Eliz. teacher. High Wesley-st Sommerville Wm. corkcutter, 4,Drury-lane; ho. Willde-street, Shieldfield Soj)with John, cabinet maker, upholsterer, &c. (Thomas & John Sopwith); ho. 3, Lovaine-row SopAvith Thos. cabinet maker, upholsterer, &c. (Thomas & John Sopwith); ho. 28, Eidley-place Sopwith Thomas & John, cabinet makers, upholsterers, and mahogany yard; work- shops and yard, Sandyford-lane; show- rooms in Northumberland-street Soulsby Ealph, gentleman, 5, Hinde-street Soulsby W. tailor, Spring-street Soulsby W. foreman of fire engines, Manors Souter Jas. jun. agent, 11, Villa-place Souter Thos. cheesemonger &c. Bridge-end ; ho. 11, Villa-place Souter William B. commercial traveller, Hood-street, Sandyford-lane Southern Geo. brewer, 95, Percy-st Southern George William, fire brick manu- facturer, ( South ern&Watson); ho. Spring- Yvell, Durham Southern John IL fire brick manufactu- rer (Southern & Watson); ho. Springwell, Durham Southern Wm. butcher, 159, New Market; ho. 2, Northumberland-place SiilteCTORY OF neWcastle-upon-tyne!. 297 Southern & Watson, Fire Brick manufac- turers, 26, Quay, and at Tyne Fire Brick Works, Dunston Southern Wm. merchant, Eewcastle-chare, Quay ; ho. Shieldtield Southerland WilHngton, hairdresser, 34, Grey- street Sowerby T. coalfitter. Trinity-chare, Quay ; ho. Gateshead Low Fell Spark John, joiner, 162, Pilgrim street Sparke William, wholesale and retail china, glass, and earthenware dealer, 38 and 39, Quayside ; ho. Eewcastle-chare Speedy Kobt. \ict. Ropery Banks Hotel, St. Ann's-street, Sandgate Spence David W. wine and spirit merchant, 17, Shakespeare-street, and plasterer, 96, Pilgrim-street Spence Edward, plumber &c. 1, Sandhill ; shop, 2, Close, & innkeeper, Black Swan Inn, 69, Westgate-street Spence Geo. provisn. dealer, Sunderland-st Spence James, floor cloth manufacturer (Spence & Sayers); ho. Friars Spence John, vict. Ship Inn, Milk Market Spence Jeremiah, hosier, 80, Pilgrim-street Spence & Sayers, floor cloth manufacturers, painters, and glaziers, 24, Bigg Market ; manufactory, top of Westmoreland-terrace Spence T. Henry, outfitter, 1, Sandhill; ho. 17, Bloomfield-terrace, Gateshead Spence William, farmer.& gardener, Heaton Spencer James & Son, drapers, 15, Grey- street, and 74, Quay Spencer James, jun. (Tyne Asphalte Co. 15, Grey-st.); ho. 7, Leazes-terrace Spencer Jane, milliner, 47, Blackett-street Spencer John, pawnbroker, 38, Newgate-st Spencer John & Sons, manufacturers of steel and files, springs for locomotive engines & railway carriages, &c. Newburn Steel Works ; office, 78, Westgate-street, Newcastle, and 124, Finchurch-street, London Spencer John, scnr. steel &c. manufacturer (J. Spencer & Sons); ho. Lemington FLall Spencer John, jun. steel &c. manufacturer (J. Spencer & Sons); ho. Newburn Spencer Michael, steel &c. manufacturer (John Spencer & Sons) ; ho. Leming- ton Hall Spencer M, H. tobacconist, 2, Sandhill ; ho. Eosella-place, North Shields Spencer Philips, druggist. Low Friar st ; ho. South parade Spencer Eobert, turner, 48, Groat Market; ho. 47, Blackett-street T 9 Spencer Eobert, soHcitor, 29, Sandhill Spencer Thos. steel &c. manufactr. (John Spencer & Sons); ho. Lemington Hall Spencer Eev. William, B.A. boarding and day school, 7 and 8, Clayton-street-west Spencer Wm. gentleman, 19, Leazes-ter Spens Thomas, engraver, 8, Grainger-st ; ho. Bensham Spoor Ambrose, jun. agent, Hanover-street Spoor Ambrose, file manufacturer, Hanover- square ; ho. Hanover-street Spoor Edward, architect & builder, cabinet- maker and upholsterer, and manufacturer of bricks and draining tiles, and dealer in plaster &c. Hanover-square ; ho. Elswick Villas Spoor Jno. coffee merchant, 149, Pilgrim-st Spours Edward, provision dealer & miller, Wesley-street and Cowgate Spraggon Catherine, vict. Hope and Anchor Tavern, Forth-street Spraggon Miss Elizabeth, 3, Leazes-crescent Spraggon John, cooper, 49, High-bridge; ho. Albert-place, Shieldfield Spraggon Ealph, butcher, 121, New Market; ho. 2, Northumberland-place Spring Miss EUzabeth, 3, Leazes-crescent Springmann Charles, ship and insurance broker, &c. (Temperly & Springmann) ; ho. Union-row, Gateshead Springmann Charles Frederick, teacher of the Eoyal Jubilee School, New-road Stabbart John, cart proprietor, 86, West Clayton -street Stable & Dees, solicitors, 58, Pilgrim-street Stable Geo. Waugh, solicitor (Stable and Dees) ; ho. Heaton-dean Stafl'ord Hannah, fancy repository, 65, Grey- street Stafford John, teacher, St. Ann's National school. New-road Staftbrd John, grocer, Hedley-st. Oyster- shell-lane Stainthorpe Geo. Fairbridge, chemist, 2, Marlborough-st ; ho. Morrison -terrace Stamp Elizb. Georgiaua, school, 39, West- moreland-terrace Stamp George, chicory, &c, manufacturer, (John Eichardson & Co.) ; ho. GalloM-gt Stanhope Eobt. S. gentleman, 9, Brand- ling-place Staniford & Eliott, sliipbrokers, Broad-ch Staniford Fi'ancis, shipbroker (Staiuford & Eliott) ; ho. High Clarcmont-place Stanley Ebt. S. gentleman, 3, St. Thomas's- crescent Stanton John, gentleman, 22, Cumbrld-row 398 DtRlCTOBY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TtNE. Stanton Pliilip Holmes, solicitor, 23, Sand- hill ; ho. 7, Summerhill-grove Stappard Joseph, vict. Old George, Union-st Stark Jas. tobacconist 24, East Clayton-st; ho. Byron-street, Shieldfield Stark Margaret, lodgings, 28, Oxford-street Stark and Johnson, tailors and drapers, 80, Grey-street Stark Wm. tailor and draper (Stark and Johnson) ; ho. 28, Oxford-street Stearmen G-eorge, iron founder (K. Wylie & Co.) ; ho. 15, Blenheim-street Steel Ghas. H. oyster dealer, 7, Shakspeare- street; ho. 123, Pilgrim- street Stenhouse & Co. merchants, 20, Sandhill Stephens John, sup. of police, 95, Pilgrim-st Stephens Wm. D. agent, 10, Grey-street ; ho. Fawdon-vale Stephenson Chas. butcher, 176, New Market ; ho. 8, Lawson-street Stephenson Chas. gardener, 69, Percy-st Stephenson Clement, veterinary surgeon, 27, Bigg Market Stephenson David, plasterer, and grocer and flour dealer, 65, Elswick-street Stephenson Edward, cabinet maker, Dog-bk Stephenson Edwd. hairdresser, Stock-bdg Stephenson Ralph, cart proprietor, Sandhill Stephenson Elizb. milliner, 19, Prudhoe-st Stephenson John, butcher, 169, New Market and 71, Percy-street Stephenson Michael, shopkpr. St. Lawrence Stephenson Robt. prov. dlr. 1, Quay Side; ho. Windmill-hill Stephenson Eobt. & Co. engineers, South-st and Forth-banks Stephenson Eobt. engineer (R. Stephenson & Co.) ; ho. 35, Gloucester-sq. London Stephenson Rbt. ale agent, 107, Pilgrim-st Stephenson Tabitha, milliner, 48, West Clayton-street Stephenson Thos. cabinet maker, 83, Pud- ding-chare ; ho. 13, Blenheim-street Stephenson Wm. butcher, 177, New Mrkt ; ho. Sheriff-hill Stephenson Wm. chmst. 29,Buckingham-st Stephenson Wm. grocer, 90, Newgate-st ; ho. 8, Simpson-street Sterling James, butter and egg dealer, 110, New Market and 51, Stowell-street Sterling Jas. grocer. &c. 51, Stowell-street Sterling John, confectioner, Westgate-hill Sterling Robt. beerhouse, Darncrook Sterhng Thos. cheesemonger, &c. 95, Side ; ho. 3, Back George-street Steven James, hat manufacturer, 67, Grey- street I ho. 40, Northumberland-street Stevens Cath. clothes dealer, 24, Side Stevenson, Vermehem, & Scott, merchants, and agents for the Jarrow Chemical Com- pany, and for the Liverpool Royal Insur- ance Company, 1, Sandhill Stephenson Alex. S.mrchnt. &c. ( Stevenson Vermehern & Scott); ho. South Shields Stevenson Geo. glass mnfr. Byker-chare, Quay-side ; ho. Ponteland-terrace Stevenson Isab. register office for servants, CoUingwood-street Stevenson Robt. S. brewer ; ho. 25, West- moreland-street StevensonThos. T. clerk. 7, St. Thomas's-st Stewart Charles, fireman. Manors Stewart Colvin, gentleman, 39, Blackett-st Stewart &YouDg, plumbers, &:c. 3,Market-st Stewart Geo. draper, 21, Dean-street ; ho. 83, Blenheim -street Stewart Joseph, plumber, &c. (Stewart and Young) ; ho. Darncrook Stewart James, builder (Gibson&Stewart) ; ho. Camden-street Stewart John, grocer, 28, East Clayton-st Stewai't James, grocer, 12, Buxton-st ; ho. York-street, Shieldfield Stewart John, painter, 31, Pudding-chare; ho. 14, Marlborough-crescent Stewart Robert, butcher and cattle dealer, 24. Marlborough-street Stewart Thos. butcher, 170, New Market ; ho. Shieldfield Stewart Thos. clerk. Sanitary-place Stewart Thos. grocer, 61, Newgate-street Stewart Thos. eating house, Manor-chare Stewart Wm. butcher. Shield-street Stewart Wm.grocer,33, Grainger- street; ho. Napier-street Stewart Wm.hairdresser,41,Head of the Side Sticks Jas. agent, 4, Summerhill-place Stobart j\Iary, vict. Hexham House Inn^ Forth-place Stobbart Joseph, grocer, 8, Grainger street; ho. East Clayton-street Stobbs John, dairyman, 37, Bayley-street Stoddart Isabella R. dress maker, 10, Wel- lington-street Stoddart James, manager of BUnd Asylum, 50, Northumberland-street Stoddart John, whitesmith, 31, Low Friai^-st Stoddart Mrs. matron of Bhnd Asylum, 50, Northumberland-street Stoker John George, solicitor and coroner, 50, Pilgrim-street; ho. 39, Leazes-terrace Stoker Joseph, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Stoker Wilham, cart proprietor, Gallow-gate Stokes Henry C, surg. dentist, 51, Blackett-st DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE* S99 Stokoe George & Co. wine merchants, 45, Grey-street and Close Stokoe Frances Ann, wine merchant (George Stokoe & Co.) ; ho. St. James's Stokoe George, wine merchant (Geo, Stokoe and Co.); ho. 18, Northumberland-street Stokoe Mary, vict. Red Lion, St. Lawrence Stokoe Thomas S. sail cloth manufacturer (J. Eggleston & Co.) ; ho. 8, Eidley-villas Stokoe William, builder and architect, Argyle-street Stonebank Kobert, vict. Blue Bell Inn, Byker-hill Storey Anthy. shopkeeper, &c. Hedley-place Storey Edward, butcher, 161, Pilgrim-street Storey Geo. dlr. in sundries, 6, W aterloo-st Storey HeDry,dairyman, Nixon's-pl.Percy-st Storey James, academy, Byker-hill Storey John, academy, 1, St. Mary's-place Storey John, commission agent, 14, Sandhill Storey John, artist. South-parade Storey John Watson, vict. Ouseburn Viaduct Inn, Byker-bar Storey Joseph, bootmaker, 48, Blandford-st Storey Robert, butcher, Spicer-lane, Quay Storey Robert, wharfinger, Fenwick's-entry, Quay ; ho. Molendine-terrace, Gateshead Storey S. provision dealer, Sunderland-st Storey William, beer retailer, Byker-bank Storey Wm. vict. London Tavern, New-road Story Edwd. & Son, brewers, Westmoreland- lane, and joiners, 8, Low Friar-street Story Edward, builder (E. Story & Son); ho. Elswick East-terrace Story George, vict. Princess Royal Inn, Jesmond-vale Story Henry, sohcitor, secretary for the pro- tection of trade, and attorney for the pro- secution of felons, 32, Market-st; ho. 13, St. Thomas's-street Story Jonathan, provision dealer, Shield-st Story Robert, butcher, 87, New Market; ho. 18, Elswick-villas Story Robert, builder (E, Story & Son) ; ho. 36, Westmoreland-terrace Story Mrs. Sarah 18, Elswick-villas Story WiUiam S. pilot, Carlton-street Storley George, clerk, Bank of England; ho. Grainger-ville, Elswick Stott John, cattle and sheep salesman, 85, Blenheim-street Stott — , ladies boarding and day school, South-parade Stout E. boarding house, 17, Westgate-st Strachan John, ship broker, 33, Broad-chare; ho. Union row, Gateshead Strachan Thos, Royal Hotel ^ Melbourne-st Strafford Mary, hosier, 179, Pilgrim-street Straker George, boot maJser, 1, Darncrook Strakers & Love, coal owners, 93, Side. Straughan James, tailor, 49, Crescent-place Stringer Thos. hair dresser. Folly, New-quay Strong WilUam, agent, Blandford street Strong Wilham, tailor, Carhol-street Strother Joseph, confectr. 99, East Clayton- street; ho. 2, Diana-street Strother Robert, prov. dlr. Spital-tongues Stuart Geo. clock maker, 41, Groat Market Stuart Mary, grocer, &c. 33, Hill-street Stuart Wm. flour dlr. 62, Grainger street j ho. 11, Westgate-hill-terrace Sturgeon James, confectioner, ISjVfestgate- hill-terrace Sturley George, bank cashier, Grainger-ville Sturrock Geo. bookbinder, &c. 46, Grainger- street ; ho. Allinson-place Summerbell Jas. shopkeeper, 8, Erick-st Summerson William, gentleman, Tyne-st Summervill Wm, butcher, 145, New Market ; ho. Gateshead Surtees V. C. V. wine merchant (Surtees & Co.); ho. 7, Saville-place, and Pigdon Surtees & Co. wine merchants, 14, Sandhill Surtees John, artist, 8, Saville-court Surtees John, builder ; ho. 6, Plummer-st Sutherland Angus, prov. dlr. St. Anthony's Sutherland Arthur Wellington, hair dresser, 34, Grey- street: ho. 25, Nun-street Sutherland Benjamin & Son, bootmakers, 8, Northumberland-street Sutherland Benjm. bootmaker (B. Suther- land & Son) ; ho. 8, Northumberland-st Sutherland Daniel, bootmaker (B. Suther- land & Son); ho. 8, Northumberland-st Sutherland Daniel, vict. High Barley Mow Inn, New-road Sutherland John, butcher, 8, New Market ; ho. Copland-terrace Sutherland Joseph, butcher, SummerhiU Sutherland Joseph, provision dealer, Wel- lington-terrace Sutherland Robert, butcher, Churchill-st Sutter John & Co. plumbers, brassfouuders, gasfitters, and coppersmiths, Low Friar-st SutterJohn, brass founder. Sec. (John Sutter & Co.); ho. 18, Blenheim-street Sutton Francis, chemist (Cooke & Sutton) ho. 50, Westmoreland-terrace Sutton George, vict. Cricketer's Arms Inn^ Pandon-deau Sutton W. D. bookseller, 22,CoUingwood-st.; ho. 96, Blandford-street Svendson k Johnson, merchants, and ship- brokers, Three Indian King's-com't, Quay 300 i)iKiEC'roE-sr of newcistie-l^pok-tyn:^.' Svendson S. merchant, &:c. (Svendsou & Johnson); ho. Hartlepool Swallow Margt. vict. Rising Sun Inn, 55, Qy Swan & Burnup, solicitors, 50, Pilgrim-st Swan Isab. dealer in Berlin wool(I&JM. J. Swan); ho. 6, Northumberland-street Swan I. & M. J. Berlin wool repository, 6, Northumberland-street Swan J. Cameron, insurance agent, 13, Northumberland-street Swan Mary Jane, dealerin Berlin wool (I. & M. J. S.); ho. 6, Northumberland-street Swan Kichard, butcher,6 & 38, New Market; ho. 44, Eldon-street Swan Richd. shipowner. Trinity Chambers, Quay ; ho. North Shields Swan Riehard, jun, corn factor, 16, Sandhill; ho. 64, Eldon-street Swan Robert ^Y. coalfitter, 30, Quay ; ho. 38, Eldon-street Swan Walker & Co. chemists, 49, Pilgrim-st Swan Wm. butcher, 56, New Market; ho. 13, Blackett-street SwfiU William Robert, sohcitor (Swan & Burnup); ho. Wallsend Swan Walker, chemist, &c. (Swan, Walker, & Co.); 18, Eldon-street Swan Wm. agent, 73, Grey-st. ; ho. Walker Swanson Berwick, prov. dlr. 52, Newgate-st Swauston John, ship brkr. 45, Cumbrld-row Swanston William, shipbroker,47,Quay ; ho. 11, Summerhill-terrace Sweet Ehzabeth, cofFe roaster, &c; Croft Stairs ; ho. 4, Albion-place Swinbank Thos. agent, 3, Westmoreland-st S-winburne R. W. & Co. plate-glass manu- facturers, Eorth-banks Sword James, draper, 11, Bayley- street Sword Maiy, shopkeeper, Buxton-street TAIT J. E. school, 16, Sunderland-street Tait R. T. clerk, 16, Sunderland-street Tallantire Geo. tailor, 21, Oystershell-lane Talmadge Arthur H. surg. 63, Northbrlnd-st Tarelh A. & Son, opticians, 23, Grey-st TareUi Anthy. optician (A. Tarelli & Son); ho. Dean-street Tarelli Anthy. Matthew, optician (A. TarelU & Son); ho. Dean- street Taroni Peter, bone-manure manufacturer, Stepney ; ho. 7, Cobden-street Tate Adam, firestone merchant, Burradon ho. 6, Picton-place Tate Christopher, builder, 8, Northumbld-ct Tate Christopher, hairdresser, Westgate-hl Tate Clement, mnkeeTpev,Gloiicester Inn, 12, Westgate-st. ; and builder, Villa-place Tate Elizab. greengrocer, 226, New Market Tate Ehzabeth, provision dealer, Hanover-st Tate Harriett, tobacconist, 7, Sandhill Tate James, joiner, 9, Albert-terrace Tate John, yict. Spital Inn, Neville-street Tate i>Iary, school, 95, Blandford-street Tate Peter, C.E. (Y. N. &B. Ry); ho. Ord-st Taylor Andrew, sailmaker, Byker-chare Qy Taylor Ann, provision dealer, 22, George-st Taylor Ehzabeth, boarding school, 6, Queen's-square Taylor Emanuel, shipowner, 53, Leazes-ter Taylor Francis, gentleman, 3, Adelaide-ter Taylor George, butcher, Yv'est Pitt-street Taylor Geo. furniture broker, Adelaide-place Taylor George, gentleman, 49, Blackett-st Taylor George Gibson, gutta percha depot, 13, Dean-street ; ho. Shieldfield Taylor James, furniture broker, Buxton-st Taylor James, gentleman, 9, Ridlej'-place Taylor Jas. joiner and -vict. Egypt Cottage Inn, New-road Taylor John & Co. grocers, 4, Grainger-st Taylor John, iron merchant (Bourn &Co.) ; ho. 2, Lovaine-place Taylor John, brewer. High Eriar-street ; ho. St. Thomas's-crescent Taylor John, flour dealer, Pandon, 47, Sandhill, and 89, Newgate-street ; ho. 6, Summerhill-terrace Taylor John, gutta percha dlr. 48, Sandhill Taylor John, malster, 54, Groat Market Taylor John, grocer, 27, Sandhill, and 3, Nun-street Taj'lor John, grocer (J. Taylor and Co.) ; ho. Summerhill-terrace Taylor Jos. ragwool manufacturer (Jewitt and Taylor) ; ho. Hindaugh-street Taylor Joseph, agent, 3, Oxford-street Taylor Mark, %-ict. Ship Inn, Stepney-bank Taylor Martin, vict. & upholsterer, Aquatic House Inn, Gosforth-street Taylor Mrs. MaryElzbth.ll,St.Thomas'-st Taylor Mary, pro. dealer, 30, Prudhoe-st Taylor R. R. butcher, 15, New Mai'ket, and 21, Westmoreland-street Taylor Thomas, bootmaker, Judson-place Taylor Thomas, vict. Eldon Arms Inn, 54, Blackett-street Taylor Thomas, tailor, 53, Blandford-street Taylor Thomas (W. C. Marshall and Co.) ; ho. Westgate-hiU-terrace Taylor Thomas R. butcher, Harle-street Taylor William, butcher, Yictoria Market ; ho. Canada-street Taylor WilUam, butcher, Manors Taylor WilHam, fireman, Manors DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, 301 Taylor Wm. furniture broker, 15, Pilgrini- street ; ho. Trafalgar-street Taylor Wm. vict. Leazes Tavern, Leazes-rd Taylor William, prov. dealer, Hiiide-street Taylor Vim. sLipbrkr. Love-lane, Quay side Taylor ^N'illiam, v.-ine merchant, 36, High . Priar-street, and vict. Lord ColHngwood, East Clayton-st; ho. 8, Strawberry-place Tajdorson Eobert, coal fitter, &c. Three Indian Kings Court Tearse Thos. painter & glazier, 8G,Percy-st Tearse William, tailor, Fenkle-street Teasdale Anthony, gentleman, Lovaine-ter Teasdale Cuthbert, gent. 33, Blackett-st Teasdale John E. hairdrsr. 43, Grainger- st Teasdale T. L. draper, 8, Percy-street Teasdale Mary Ann, sem. 106, E. Clayton-st Teasdale Nicholas, draper, 39, Westgate-st Teasdale John, cooper, 37, Bigg Market Teasdale Eobert, draper, 41, Westgate-st Teasdale Thomas, shoemaker, 1, Hedley-st Teasdale Thomas, tailor and draper, 106, East Clayton street Teasdale Wm. vict. Bun Cow Inn, Grin ding- chare Teasdale William, fishmonger, 37, CoUing- v7ood-street, and 38, Grainger-street Tebbutt Thomas, bootmaker, 79, West Clayton-st and 75, Grey-st; ho. Kings- well-street, Northampton Telfer Adam, grocer, general provision dealer and poulterer, Westgate Telfer Adam fsuccessortoBrown&Booker), fruit and potatoe salesman, and commis- sion agent, 19, Nun-street Telfer Ellen C. dressmaker, Camden-street Telfer John, tobacconist, 5, Nun-street Telford Mary Isabella, dressmaker, 39, Villa-place Telford Thomas, brush manufacturer (J. Telford and Son) ; ho. John-street Telford John & Son, brush manufacturers, 48, Groat. Market Telford John, brush manufacturer (J.. Tel- ford & Son) ; ho. 41, Villa-place Temperley and Springmann (successors to Pteid & Co.), ship and insurance brokers, coal fitters, and general commission agents, 21, Quay-side Temperley J. C. ship and insurance broker, &c. (Temperley and Springmann) ; ho. Wallsend Temperley Mrs. Elizabeth, ElswickEast-ter Temperley John, provision merchant, 13, Broad-chare, and 40, Groat Market Temperley Joseph, corn merchant, 3, Side; ho. Ijroomhaugh, Eiding-mill Temperley Thomas, innkeeper. Bridge-end Temple Henry, prov. dealer, Denton- chare Temple Isacc, furniture broker, Dog-bank Temple Isaac, stationer, 11, Butcher-bank Temple John, grocer, &c. Westgate-hill Temple Matthew, Dean-lodge, Elswick Tennent Joseph, prov. dealer, Wesley-street Terry James, watchmaker, 58, Grey-street Thackray Mary Ann, prov. dealer, Marl- borough-street The Byker Bottle Company, Byker Bottle Works, St. Peter's Quay ; Thomas Cault- hard, manager Theakers Dorothy, register office for ser- vants, 40, Eichmond-street Theakston Eobert, railv/ay ticket printer; ho. 31, Mansfield-street Thew Edward, butcher, 118, New Market; ho. 5, Albion-street- Thew Edwd. miller. 7, St. Nicholas's-church- yard and Lesbury-mills Thaw George, leather merchant, 79, Percy- street; ho. 5, St. Thomas'-crescenf Thew G. P. butcher, 186, New Market; ho. Albion-street Thev/ Jane, milliner, 3, Market-street Thew John, butcher, 125, New Market; ho. 10, Brunswick-place Thew Mary, lodgings, 20, Leazes-crescent Thiedemenn C. E. F. agent, 29, Leazes-ter Thirlwell Edwd. butcher, 136, New Market ; ho. Pligh Friar-lane Thirlway Eobert, agent, Hewgill -terrace Thirlwall Peter, furniture broker, Pilgrim-st Thirlwell William, grocer, Buckingham-st Thirlwell John, vict. Bell's Arms Inn, 5, High Friar-street Thorn Isabella, milliner, 30, Grainger-st Thomas Josiah,agentforDr.Coffin,Hinde-st Thomas Eichard, vict. Fox and Lamb Inn, 162, Pilgrim-street Thomas Wm. billiard rooms, 2, Market-st Thompson Mrs. Alice, 19, Eldon-place Thompson Andrew, furniture broker, 4, Pilgrim -street Thompson Mrs. Ann, 17, Eldon-place Thompson Ann, staymaker, 12, Northum- berland-street Thompson & Co. merchants, 14, Broad-chare Thompson E. P. shipbrkr, 8, Lovaine-crsut Thompson Ehzabeth, innkeeper, 61, West Clayton-street Thompson Mrs. Ellen, dressmaker, Port- land-place, New Bridge-street Thompson Miss Ellen, St. James's-street Thompson Eliza Biu'ton, provision dealer, 81, Shield-street 303 DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, Thompson George, grocer, 25, Gibson-st Thompson Geo. merchant, 2, Bridge- end; ho. 10, Brandhng-place Thompson Geo. shipowner, 4, Carlton-place Thompson Miss Hannah, 33, Northumber- land-street Thompson Henry, professor of music, 6, Heaton-terrace Thompson Jas. butcher, 24, High Bridge Thompson James, clerk, Napier-street Thompson Jas. agent, 28, Mosley-street Thompson Jas. bill distributor, Low Bridge Thompson Jas. brush manufacturer, 61, Head of the Side Thompson Jas. inland revenue officer, 4, Jesmond-teiTace Thompson Jas. tailor, 29, Blackett-street ; ho. (j. Temperance-row Thompson Jas. tailor, 20, Blackett-street ; ho. 30, John-street Thompson James, ironmonger (Barker & Thompson); ho. Wilkie-street Thompson Jas. & Wm. butchers, Plummer's Eow, St. Lawrence, & 16, Hinde-street Thompson Mr. John, 84, Blandford-street Thompson John, vict. Plough Inn, 6, Pitt-st Thompson John, vict. Cookson'sArms, Han- over-street Thomson Jno.furnitirrebrkr. 167, Pilgrim-st Thompson John, bootmaker, 10, Sunderld.-st Thompson John, boot & shoe dealer, 12, Mosley-st ; ho. 22, East Elswick-terrace Thompson John, prov. dealer, 54, Gibson-st Thompson John, hairdresser, Arcade ; ho. 22, Upper Buxton-street Thompson John, m, mariner, 29, Howard-st Thompson John, pawnbrkr. 18, Prudhoe-st Thompson John Jas. provis. dlr. Byker-bar Thompson John, upholsterer, Portland pi. New Bridge-street Thompson Joseph, draper, 4, Plummer-st Thompson Margt. hosier, Elswick-laue Thompson Mark & Co. shipchdlrs. 57, Quay Tliompson Mark, shipchandler, (M. Thom- son & Co.); ho. 32, Cumberland-row Thompson Mary, hosier, Elswick-lane Thompson Mrs. Mary, 20, John-street Thompson Matthew, brewer, (T. & M. Thompson); ho. Byker-bar Thompson Matthew, architect. Arcade ; ho. John's-place, Gateshead Thompson Matthew, flint grinder, Ouseburn Thompson Ealph, 9, Percy-street Thompson Ralph, watchmaker, Arcade; ho North-terrace Thompson Richard, cabinet mkr. 123, Pil- grim-street Thompson Richd. flour dh\ 39, Butcher-bk Thompson Richard, gentleman, 2, Shield-st Thompson Richard, wharfiinger, Plummer's Green Thompson Robt. bootmaker, 6, Sandhill; ho. 10, Claremont-place, Gateshead Thompson Robt. butcher, 10, New Market; ho. 36, Blackett-street Thompson Robt. prov. dealer, Carliol-placa Thompson Susannah, hosier. Pink-lane Thompson Stephen, butcher, 7, Spring P' Garden-terrace Thompson Thos. brewer, (T. & M. Thomp- son); ho. High-street, Gateshead Thompson Thos. basket dealer, 92, New Market ; ho. Friar-street Thompson Thos. & Matthew, brewers and maltsters. Manor Brewery, Manor-chare Thompson Thos. butcher and farmer, 7, Spring Garden-terrace Thompson Thos. blacksmith, Gallow-gate Thompson Thos. stajTnaker, 16, Northum- berland-street Thompson T. tailor, Pitt street Thompson Thomas, cowkeeper, 7, Spring Garden-terrace Thompson Thomas, vict. Royal Hotel, 32, Grainger-street Thompson Thos. F. smith, 12, Tindal-st Thompson Thomas Y. surgeon, 13, New Bridge-street Thompson Wm. com. agent. Broad-chare Thompson William, gardener, 16, Elswick East-terrace Thompson Wm. tailor, 13, Prudhoe-street Thomson William, agent, 35, Broad-chare; ho. Low Friar-street Thorburn Andrew, draper (Thorbum and EHot) ; ho. 6, Forth-lane Thorburn David, draper, 5, Bath-row Thorburn & EHot, 6, Forth-lane Thorburn John, draper, 10, Albion-street Thorraan Joseph, sen. agent, EUison-ter Thorman Joseph, iron merchant, 14, Broad- chare ; ho. 7, Argyle-place Thornton A. dressmaker, Hinde-street West Thornton Chaiies John, agent, 1. Elswick East-terrace Thornton Joseph L. chemist, Gibson -street, and 1, Shield-street Thornton Richard, butcher, 5, King-street Thornton Thomas, provision dealer, 57, St. Nicholas's-square; ho. Blenheim-street Thornton Wm. Sykes, importer of German yeast : John Wright, agent, 2, High-brdg Thwaites Eliza, hosier, Shield-street Tickle Ann, blouse maker, 110, Pilgrim-st DIEECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 303 Tidy Catherine, seminary, 5, Saville-row Tiffin Eoliert, whipmaker, 2, Grainger-st; ho. 11, Simpson-street Tilly John Mills, fur n.anufacturer, 2, Tem- perance-row, Shieldfield Tindell Joseph, provision dealer, Gibson-st Tinkler Nicholas W. \ict. Colonel Tarlton Inn, and watchmaker, Clarence-street Tinn Geo. T. surg. dentist, New Bridge-st Tinn John & Son, engine builders, &c. 52, Close Tireman Eev. Luke (Wesley an), Shield- field-green Todd & Co. bottle manufacturers. Close Todd Frederick Swan, bottle manufacturers (Todd & Co.); ho. Newbiggin House .Todd T. H. hairdresser, 40, Bigg Market Todd John, foreman, 10, Percy-street Todd Henry, cooper, 51, New Market; ho. 8, St. John's-lane Todd Henry, cooper, Westgate Todd John, distiller, Custom House-lane, Quay ; ho. Gateshead, Low Fell Todd .Jobn, hat manufacturer and furrier, 51, Groat Market; ho. 3, Burdon-place Todd Thomas, butcher, 48, New Market ; ho. St. James's-lane Todd Thos. James, butcher, St. Anthony's and St. Peter's Quay Todd Wilham, grocer, St. Anthony's Todd William, prov. dealer, 5, Hill-street Todd Wm. Robt. bottle manuftr. (Todd & Co.); ho. Victoria-terrace Todd Geo. clockmaker, 19, Low Friar- st Tomhnson Matthew, fruiterer, East Clayton- street ; ho. Shakspeare-strect Tone John F. land surveyor, 9, Elswick-row Toole John, clothes dealer, 12, King-street Topham Mrs. Isabella,ll, Westgate-hill-ter Topping Thos. ginger beer manufacturer, 16, Nelson- st. Grainger-st; ho. Leazes-la Towers Dickinson, auctioneer, &c. Black Bull-yard, High-bridge ; ho. Carliol-st Toward Henry, painter, &c. 3, Gibson-st Toward John, engineer (W. Toward & Son) ; ho. PJchmond-street Toward Thos. iron ship builder, St. Peter's Toward Wm. & Son, engineers, Ouseburn Toward WilHam, engineer (W. Toward and Son) ; ho. 5, St.Ann's-row Towns Geo. vict. New Bridge Inn, Castle- square ; ho. Westgate-hill-terrace Towns John, butcher. Manor- chare Towns Matthew, butcher, Sandgate Towns Robert, eatinghouse, 12, Nun-street Towns Thos. vict. Duke of Cambridge Inn, Churchill-street and Duke-street Townsend Mary, china dealer, 67, Pilgrim-st Trewick Joshua & Esther, drapers, 6, Low Buxton-street Trotter Mrs. Isabella, 54, Eldon-street Tucker John, agent, 1, Simpson-street Tucker Mr. Robt. 5, Warwick-place Tucart John R. animal preserver, 5, Pan- don-bank Tucart Stephen, slater, tyler, and builder in general, 5, Pandon-bank Tulip Lancelot, vict. Tiger Inn, Close Tulloch Mrs. Ann, New Bridge -street Tulloch Benjamin, surgeon, New Bridge-st Tulloch Thos. shoemaker, Leazes-road Tully Andrew, grocer, Pitt-street Tully & Co. merchants and brokers, 33, Quayside Tully Collingwood, merchant and broker (Tully & Co.) ; ho. St. Thomas's-terrace Turnbull Edwd. butcher, 31, New Market; ho. 10, Carliol-street Turnbull Edwd. bootmaker, 4, CoUingwood- street ; ho. 48, Pilgrim-street Turnbull Geo. agent to Locke, Blackett, & Co. St. Anthony's Turnbull Gilbert, hairdresser, 31, Westgate Turnbull James, whitesmith (Bell & Tm-n- bull) ; ho. York-street Turnbull Jno. bookseller, 38, Butcher-bank Turnbull John, butcher, 75, New Market ; ho. Percy-street Turnbull Jonathan, tailor, 8, Low Friar-st TurnbtiU Mrs. Mary, ], George-street Turnbull Richard, saddler, 69, Newgate-st Turnbull Robert, baker, 33, Howard-street Turnbull Robert, confectioner, 15, Colling- wood-street Turnbull Robert, painter, 26, Gibson-st Turnbull Thos. Wm. law stationer, (Carter & Co.); ho. 83, Blandford-street Turnbull Wm. law stationer (Carter & Co.); ho. 83, Blandford-street Turnbull Wm. vict. Black House Inn, 72, Pilgrim-street Turnbull Wm. 11, Blenheim-street Turnbull Wm. butcher, 1 03, New Market ; ho. Buckingham-street Turnbull William, painter & glazier,Manors; ho. 17, Croft-street Turnbull William, hatter, 24, Grey-street ; ho. 9, Princess-street Turnbull & Wood, grocers & wine merchts. 17, Grainger- street Tiu-ner Henry, brick and tile manufacturer, and land agent. Low Heaton-haugh Turner James, shiphrol^er, Three Indian Kings'-court; ho. Gateshead Low Fell 304 DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, Turner John, agent, 5, Hinde-street Turner John, vict. Central Exchange Hotel, 35, Grey-street Turner Margt. vict. BlacTcett Arms Inn, 24, Nelson-street Turner Reuben, draughtsman, 7, Sumraer- bill-place Turner Eoht. bookseller, 72, Grey-street; ho. High Jesmond-terrace Turner Wilham, brewer (Bells, Eobson, & Co.); ho. 8, Regent terrace Turner Wm. chemist, 2, Westgate, and 1, Hinde-street ; ho. 2, Westgate Turner William, chemist, 23, Pilgrim-street and Westgate Turner William, prov. dealer, 21, Blaud- ford-street Turner Wm. provision dealer, 7, Harle-st Turpin Jos. beerhouse, New Pandon-street Turton M. A. & E. milliners, 84, Percy-st Tweddell James, butcher, 14, New Market; ho. Pudding-chare Tweddell Joseph, grocer, Szc. 14, Tindal-st Tweddell Robert, shopkeeper, Byker Hill Tweddell Thomas, brewer, Saville-court ; ho. Walker Tweddle Mrs. Mary, 31, Leazes-terrace Tweddle Mrs. Sarah, 1, Summerhill-ter Tweedie Geo. drapers, 7, Albion-street Tweedy John, innkeeper, Willia-m IV. Inn, Westgate-hill, & builder &c. Swinburn-pl Tweedy Joseph, provision dealer, Duke-st Tweedy Mary Ann, dealer in sundries, 12, Pilgrim-street Tweedy T. H. carver &c. 49, Grainger-st Tweedy Wm. watch-maker. King-street TvNE Maine Collieky OFEicE,39,Quayside Tyson John, butcher, 27, Close Tyzack John, gentleman, 10, Claremont-pl ULLIOTT John, bootmaker, 2, Canada-st Unsworth Robert, 'draper, 15, Bayley-street Urwin John, earthenware dealer, 52, New Market; ho. Wellington-terrace Urwin John, vict. Old Duke of Cumberland Inn, Queen-street Urwin Robert, butcher, 9, Broad-chare and 63, New Market; ho. 13, Regent-terrace Usher George, provision dlr. Hedley-place Usher John, butcher, 40, New Market ; ho. Gallow-gate Usher Lawrence, shoemaker, 9, East Clay- ton-street Usher Mat. cattle salesman, 7, Edward-st Usher Robert, merchant, i:)Oor law auditor and colonial broker, Manor-chare ; ho. Low Swinburne-place Usher John, grocer (Lowes & Usher) ; ho. Union-row, Gateshead VARDY Wm. hair dresser, 9, Butcher-bank Vasey William, grocer and farmer, Byker- bar and Coxlodge Vazey James, vict. Grapes Inn, 25, Side Veitch Joseph, cart proprietor,'jOak's-place, Veitch Mary, teacher, St. Andrew's Infant School, 14, Percy-street; ho. Park-place Vickers Geo. prov. dlr. 45, Crescent-place Vickers, Jacob, cart proptr. 13, Albion -place Vickers & Son, grocers. 111, Side Vickers John, grocer (Vickers & Sou) ; ho. 27, West-street Vickers John, register office for servants, 18, Collingwood-street Vickers Jonathan, grocer (Vickers & Son) ; ho. 15, West-parade Vickers Matthew, smith, Cottenhara-street Vickers WiUiam, joiner and cabinet maker, Hedley-street Vickers Jonathan, gentleman, 5, Straw- berry-place Vincent Robt. master mar. 19, Stepney-ter Vinycomb Andrew, fm^niture broker, 19 and 20, Pilgrim-street Vipond John, pawnbroker. Queen-street Virtue George, publishers, 30, Collinwood- street ; James T. Renfrew, agent WADDELL Isabella, confect. 22, Westgate Wad die Alexander teacher, 14, Elswick-row Waddom Thos. ni. mariner, 25, William st Wager Peter, 18, Market-street Waggott Edwd. bootmaker. Orchard-street Wailes George, sohcitoi". Arcade ; ho. 2, Ridley-place Wailes John, agent. Lower Swinburne-place, Westgate-hill Wailes Mrs. Margaret, 4, St. Thomas's-streat Wailes Thos. prov. dlr. 71, Elswick-place V/ailesWm. stained glassworks, Bath-lane Waite Sz- Howard, builders and contractors. Low Elswick-terrace Waite T. M. builder and contractor (Waite and Howard) ; ho. 13, Rye-hill Wake Isab. stay maker, 40, Butcher-bank Wake Mrs. Mary, 4, Stamfordham-place Wake Ralph, gentleman, 2, Carlton-terrace Wake Thos. prov. dealer, 6, Wellington-st Wake William, watch-glass manufacturer, 24, Groat Market AVakinshaw Brothers, iron merchants, 14, Broad-chare Wakinshaw John, commission agent. Sand- hill ; ho. Mary-street DIRECTORY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.- 305 TVakinsTiaw Wm, iron merchant, (Wakin- shaw, Brothers) ; ho. Poplar Cottage, Bvker-hill "Wakley James, official assignee, Arcade : ho. Eklon-square Wales Thomas, provision dealer, 50, New- gate-street and Gallow-gate Walker Edwd. chemist, &c. 70, Grey-street ; ho. West-parade Walker Elizaheth, pro v. dlr. East-parade Walker Geo. architect, 15, West Clayton-st Walker George, gentleman, 1, Picton-place Walker Henry, manager of Percy Iron Works, 82, Percy street Walker Mr. James, Kidley-villas Walker James, tailor. High Eriar-lane Walker John, builder (J. & W. Walker) ; ho. 10, Wesley-sU^eet Walker John, jun. hoot maker (Walker & Son) ; ho. 46, Brandling-place Walker John, sen. hoot maker (Walker & Son) ; ho. 142, Pilgrim-street Walker John, carver & gilder, 46, Grainger- street ; ho. Hedley-street Walker John, commission agent, New-road Walker John, prov- dlr. 170, Pilgrim-street; ho. Queen street Walker John C. agent, 6, Higham-place Walker J. & W. builders. Stepney-lane Walker Joseph, currier, 6, Hewgill- terrace Walker Michael, wood turner, Orchard-st Walker & Sou, boot makers, 142, Pilgrim-st Walker Thomas, ship broker, Bm-n Bank Quay ; 96, Blenheim-street Walker Thos. painter, 31, St. John's lane Walker William, builder (J. & W. Walker) ; ho. 10, Wesley-street Walker William, draper, 4, Blenheim-street Walker Wm. H. iron founder andstove grate manufacttirer, 88 & 84, Percy-street; ho. Jesmond-terrace Walkers, Parker, Walker & Co. lead man- ufacturers. Low Elswick Wallace Jas. bricklayer, 71, W. Clayton-st Wallace }la.nna.h,Neiv3Ia7-]{et ifoie/,Nelson- street, Grainger-street Wallace Jas. & Co. earthenware manufac- turers. Forth -banks Wallace Jas. earthenware manufacturer, (J. Wallace & Co.) ; ho. 44, Cum bid-row Wallace & Co. ironmongers, 22, Mosley-st Wallace Jas, jun. ironmonger, (Wallace & Co.) ; ho. Nelson-street Wallace Robt. corporation property sur- veyor, Guildhall; ho. 2, St. Thomas's- ter Wallace Thos. earthenware manfr. (J. Wal- lace & Co.) ; ho. 7, Plummer-street U Wallace John and Ptobert, millers and com merchants, Gallow-gate Steam Mills, Gallow-gate Wallace Thos. machinist, Westgate Wallace Thos. marine store cllr.l 12,Percy-st Wallace Wm. greengrocer, 240, New Mrkt Wallace Wm. painter, 87, Pilgrim-street Wallace James, miller (J. & R. Wallace) ; ho. Cramlington Wallace John, draper & furrier, 4-5,Grey-st Wallace Robert, miller (J. & R. Wallace) ; ho. steam mills, Gallow-gate Wallace Thos. mangle maker, &c. Westgate Wallace Wm. agent, EastHeaton Wallis Miss Augusta, 1, Carlton-terrace Wallis Robert, bootmaker, 26, East Clay- ton-street; ho. l,Ryehill-street WalHs Robert, brass founder, 33, Pudding- chare ; ho. 6, Elswick terrace Wallis Robt. gentleman, 6, Elswick East-ter. Walmsley Jas. Johnson, Temperance Hotel, 33, Mosley-street. Walsh John, auctioneer, 44, Grey-street Walsh John, Bond Warehouses, 21, Close Walters Ralph, agent for the Sun Fire and Life office, 8, Pilgrim-street; ho. Salt- well, Gateshead Walters Robt. land agent, 15, Eldon-square Walton Agnes, milliner, 26, Westgate Walton Ahce & Maria, confectioners, 27, Westgate Walton Mrs. EHzabeth, 19, Albion-street Walton Mrs. Elizabeth, 49, Northumbld- st Walton John, silversmith, Painter-heugh ; ho. 8, High Villa-place Walton John, butcher, 9, New Market; ho. 27, Stowell-street Walton Lydia, dressmaker, 8, William-street Walton Mrs. Margaret. 47, Northumbld-st Walton Ralph, paviour, 23, George-street Walton Ralph, paviour, 43, George-street Walton Robert, bookseller, 1I_, Edward-st Walton Thomas, butcher, 2, Diana-street Walton Thomas, cork cutter, Drury-lane ; ho. Mount-pleasant, Gateshead Walton Thomas, tailor, Todd's Nook Walton Thos. Laws, agent, 3, Edwardst Walworth Chas. provision dlr. Sandyford-ln Walworth Job. grocer, 1, Copland-place Wanless John, architect, 3, IMansfield st Wanless Wm. solicitor, 41, Collingwood-st ; ho. 28, AYestmoreland-terrace Ward Benjamin, chemist, 45, Newgate-st ; ho. East-parade Ward Edward, grocer, Fenkle-st; ho. 14, Albion -street Ward Jane, grocer, etc. 10, Sto well-square 306 DIEECTOEY OF KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Ward John, arocer, 6, Grain ger-street ; lio. ho. 20, Eidley Villas Ward John, marine-store dealer, C6, Side Ward Robert,engraver,lithographer, printer, and publisher, 1, Dean-street Ward Thos. inland revenue officer, York-st Ward Thos. Elliott & Co. tobacco mnfrs. 6, Union-street Wardlaw James, grocer and pro^'ision dlr. 32, Gibson-street Wardlaw James, vict. Bailway Inn, Ridley YiUas Wardle Ann, lodgings, 59, Leazes'-teiTace Wardle John, architect, Chimney Mills Y\''ardle John, sen. architect, 42, Market-st; ho. Chimney Mills Wardle John, tailor, Yine-lane Wardle Richard, vict. Blue Bell Inn, Jes- mond Yale Wardle Robert, bootmaker, 4, Hinde street Wardle Tho-^. furniture broker, 4, Hinde-st Wardle Wm. carver and gilder, 17, Mosley- street; ho. 25, Railway-street Wardrobe Jane,earthen ware dlr. Westgate-hl Warhara Richard, shipbroker, 32, Quay; ho, 26, Ridley-place Warwick Christr. bootmaker, 17, Nun-st Warwick John, agent,43, Westmoreland-ter WaSHII^GTON CHEMICAIi Co's. OFFICES, 73, Grey- street Waterfall Wm. merchant, Javel Group Close ; ho. East-parade Waters Benj. coalfitter, &c. Three Indian Kings-court ; ho. 39, Carliol-street Waters Chas. L. bank agt. Hood-st. Grey-st Waters Cuthbert, rope manufacturer,Forth- banks and 2, Close Waters George, merchant (Dinning & Co.); ho. 20, Eldon square Waters Sophia, cowkeeper, Gallow-gate Waters Thomas W. bookbinder (Kelly and Waters); ho. Clavering-place Waters Henry, cheesemonger, 92, Side Waterson William, draper, 15, E. Clayton-st Waterson William, planemaker (T. Hall & Co.); ho. 10, Pitt-street Waterston, Brothers, smiths, Elswick-forge Waterston Jas. smith (Waterston Brothers); ho. Railway-street Waterston Joseph, smith (Waterston Brothers) ; ho. 17, Railway-street Watkins John, gentleman, 25, Stepney-ter Watson Ann, lodging-house, 6, Grainger-st Watson Ai'chibald, draper, 18, Market-st Watson A. W. boarding & day school, 53, Blackett-street Watson Geo. prov. dlr. 3, Els wick East-ter Watson Elizabeth, eating & lodging-house, 1, Elswick East-teiTace, Scotswood-road Y^atson Harriet, dressmaker, Shield-street Y'atson Miss Helen, 59, Eldon-rw Percy -st Y^atson Henry, plumber,(tc. 19,High-bii'dge Y'ats(3n Henry, broker, 188, Pilgrim-street Y'atson James, grocer (Jas. Y''atson &Co.); ho. 2, St, Mary's -terrace Watson Jacob, livery stables, Westgate-st Y'atson Jas. bookseller, New Market; ho. Blenheim-street Y'atson Jas. & Co. grocers, 18, Market-st Y'atson James, shoemaker, EastElswick-ter Y''atson Mrs. Jane, 1, St. Thorn as's-crescent Y^atson John, agent, 21, William-street Y^atson John, greengrocer, 191,NewMarket; ho. Carliol-street Watson John, vict. Fitters' Cottage Tavern, 2, Forth-terrace Y'atson Jno. Edw. architect, 74, Grey-st ; ho. 13, Y'est parade Y'atson Jos. solicitor. Arcade, 2, Gresham-pl Y'atson Joshua, jun. painter, 63,]Srewgate-st; ho. Elysium-lane, Gateshead Y'atson Joshua, bootmaker, 26, Edward-st Y^atson Mary, vict. Cross Keys Inn, Bur- rill's- entry Y'atson Michael, sexton, Jesmond Cemetery Y'atson JMary Ann, register office for ser- vants. Hill-street Y'atson Nthnl. R. B. hairdresser, 2, Bland- ford- street Y^atson Peter,provision dealer, Blandford-st Y'atson Robert, vict. Cross Keys Inn, Head of the Side Watson Robert, shipowner, 10, Nixon-st Y^atson Robert, watchmaker, 19, Cloth Mar- ket; ho. 13, Cottenham-street Watson Ridley, shoemaker, Drury-lane Y''atson Robert, grocer, &c. 43, Grey-street; ho. 40, Blackett-street Y'atson Roger, custom-house officer, 37, Blackett-street Y'atson Robert, L. coalfitter, commission agent, and ship insurance broker, 26, Quay side ; ho. 41, Leazes-terrace Y'atson Stephen, prov. dlr. 1, Y'ellington-st Y'atson Thomas, butcher, Diana-street Y^atson Thos. provision deale3% Sandgate Watson Thos. P. gunmaker, 26, Prudhoe-st Y'atson Thomas S. professor of music, 10, Grainger-street Y''atson Y'ilh am, grocer (Jas.Y'atson &Co.); ho. 2, St. Mary's-terraee Y^atson Y'iUiam, agent, 19, High-bridge Y^atson Y^m. eating house, 217, New Mar- ket : ho. 6, Grainger street I>1RE0T0BY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE* 307 Watson Wm. lime manufacturer, Cleadon; ho. Eveiiill-street Watson Wm. grocer, 18, Grain ger-street Watson Wm. provision dealer,Carliol-square Watson William, bookseller and stationer, 2, Marlborough crescent, near the Cattle Market Watt Henry, vict. Duhe of Argyle Inn, Argyle-street Watt James, greengrocer, 213, New Market ; ho. Howard-street Watt John, iiourdealer, 115, Pilgrim-street Watt John, provision dealer, and Branch Post-offlce, Argyle-street Watt Martha, brushmaker, Bird-in-Bush- yard. Pilgrim-street Yv'att Wm. provision dealer, Gosforth-street Watters Henry, cheesemonger, 92, Side ; ho. 3, East George-street Watts Dav.vrhitingmnfr. St. Peter's-quay ; office, 97, Side; ho. 56, Westmoreland-ter Watts James, gilder, &c. 18, Percy-street Waugh Thos.prov. dealer, 6, Pudding-chare Weallens Christopher James, fruiterer, bottom of Elswick East-terrace Weallens Wm. agent, 11, Els^vick-villas Weatherhead George, builder, contractor, joiner, cabinet maker, &c. 1 and 2, St. Thomas's-street Weatherhead Geo. gentleman, 20, John-st Weatherley Capt. Jas. Dent, New Bridge- st Weaiherly Nicholas, land surveyor ; ho. 16, Wellington-terrace Weatherson Hnh. dlr. in sunds. 65, Close Weatherson John, agent to Messrs. Wyhe and Co. Close Weatherson Thos.baker,63,Head of theSide Weatherson Wm, shokeeper. Stock-bridge Webster Edwin, chemist, 17, Newgate-st Weddell Dorothy, register office for servants, 10, Percy-street Weddell Geo. H. professor of music, 102, Percy-street Weddell J. H. sheriff's bailiff, 102, Percy-st Weddell Thos. dairyman, 12, Stowell square Weddell Thos. poulterer, 18, Nun-street Weddle Kobt. butcher, 21, Pilgrim-street; ho. Picton -terrace Weidner John Frederick, clerk, Central , Station ; ho. 6, Tindal-street Weir James Anthony, surgeon dentist and chemist, 56 and 58, Percy-street Weir Jacob, cabinet maker, 89, Nev/gate-st Weir Stephen, fishing tackle maker and tobacconist, 30, Mosley-sreet Weir Wm. portrait painter, 26, E. Clayton-st '\Veir Wm. boot & shoemaker, 3, Grey-st Weir Wm. bootmaker, 21, Bigg Market Weir William, leather seller, &c. 21 & 22, New-buildings, Nun's-gate Welch Mrs. AHce, 19, Elswick, East-terrace Welch • — vict. Sun Inn, 79, Side Welch Henry, C.E. and county-bridge sur- veyor, 2, Summerhill-grove AVelford & Peraberton, solicitors, 16, West Clayton-street AVelford Edw. Da\'ison, solicitor, 27, Market- street ; ho. 3, Mulgrave-ter. Gateshead Welford Fred, shipowner, 37, Quayside ; ho. 63, High-street, Gateshead Welford Thos. Wm. solicitor (Welford & Pemberton); ho. 28, Brandling-place Welford Wm. brewer. Burn-bank, Quay ; ho. 1, Pudley-villas Welford William Henry, ironmonger, 37, Mosley-st ; ho. 13, Elswick West-terrace Wells Miss Jane, 7, St. Thomas's-terrace Wells Oliver, eating house, 26, St.Nicholas's- church-yard Y/ells Thomas, builder, St. Peter's Quay Welton John, builder, 4, Lancaster-street West Charles, shipbroker. Quay ; ho. 39, Howard- street West George, vict. Fox and Laml) Inn, 161, Pilgrim-street West Captain Henty, E.N. Hall Cross Cottage, Jesmond V/est Joseph, boot & shoemakei", Vfesley-st Y/'est Mary Ann, dealer in sundries, 14, Y/ellington-street West Eobt. John, grocer, 19, Grain ger-st ; ho. 7, Lovaine-place Westgarth Mrs. Susannah, 6, Percy-street Westwick Mary, straw - bonnet maker, Bu ckin gham -street Wharrier Edv/ard, provision dealer, 52, High Bridge Wheatley & Slusgrove, coal owners, Benwell Wheatley A. B[. brazier &c. Clarence-street Park colliery, Benwell, near Newcastle Wheatley Matthev^ & Co. iron merchants, Stock-bridge Wheatley Matthew, iron merchants (M. Wheatley & Co.); ho. Shi eldfi eld-green Wheatley Parmella, butcher, 44, Quay, and at 30, Bridge-street, Gateshead Wheatley Eobert, coal owner (Wheatley Sc Musgrove); ho. Benwell Wheatley W.cart proprietor, 75, Blandford-st Wheldon Ellen, butcher, Chiuvhill -street Wheldou John, smith, Clarence-street ; ho. Eichmoud- street Wheldon John, jun. parish clerk of St, Ann's, 21, Howgill-terrace 308 DIEECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, Whellens Mrs. Ann, 10, Edward-st Whicbello Eicliard, grocer, 25, Clayton-st ; ho. Maiden-walk-street, Scotswood road Whinfield Geo. Henry, wholesale grocer (E. C. Whinfield & Co.); ho. 1 Shield-st Whinfield K. C. & Co. wholesale grocers, 85-6 Pilgrim-street Whinfield John W, wholesale grocer, 22, Grainger-street and 2, Westgate; ho. 8, Higham-place Whinfield Kichard, wholesale grocer, (E. C. Whinfield & Co.); 39, Northumber- land-street Whinfield Wm. Anthony, wholesale grocer (E. C. Whinfield & Co.); ho. 3, Albion-pl Whinham Elizb. lodgings, Xew Bridge- st Whinnem Frances, milliner, Orchard-street White Mrs. Catherine, 17, Albion -place White Daniel, academy, Green-court White David B. M.D. Portland-place, and j)atentee of water ballasting ; works, Byker White George, livery-stable keeper, New Bridge-st ; ho. 26, Northumberland-st White Eev. James, York-street White John, agent, 4, Hewgill ten-ace Wliite Nicholas, clerk, York-street White Mrs. M. hosier, haberdasher, fringe manufacturer, and sraallware dealer, 11, Grey-street ; ho. Hanover-square White Eobert, agent, 8, Ciaremont-place White Thomas, bootmaker, Yine lane White Thomas, excise clerk, Shield-street Whitehead Bridget, straw-bonnet maker, Wesley-street Whitehead John, brankruptcy court mes- senger, 13, Hedley-street Y\niitehead Thos. butcher, 9, Loav Friar-st Whitfield Jane, clothes dlr. 68, Newgate-st Whitfield John, beer retailer, George -st Whttfield John, clothes dealer, Queen-st Whitfield Ann, butcher, 11, New Market ; ho. 2, Carliol-street Whitlock Margaret, dyer, 77, Side Whitnell Thos. watchmaker, Gallow-gate Whitworth Adam, earthenware dealer, Clarence-street Wigham John T. baker, 56, Northumber- land-street Wicks Fred, marine-store dealer, Peel-st Wigham Eichard, joiner, 17, Wesley-street Wightman Charles, M.D. 13, Princes-st Wightman James, vict. Eailway Hotel, Carliol-squai'e Wilcke Thos. vict. Commercial Temperance Hotel, 55, Grey-street Wilde George, hairdresser, 56, Close Wilde Thos. confectioner, 1 High-bridge Wilkie John, hosier, 26, Dean-street; ho. 1, Wilkie-street Wilkin Bartholomew, tailor, 14, WeUing- ton-ten-ace Wilkin Charlotte, lodgs. 4, Princess-street Wilkin Jas. & Co. iron merchants, 32, Quay Wilkin James, iron merchant (J. Wilkin & Co.); ho. East-parade Wilkin James, shipbroker, 56, Quay; ho, Jesmond-place Wilkin Thomas, corn-merchant, 1, Close; ho. pleasant-row, Gateshead Wilkms Mary, lodgings, Wesley-street Wilkinson Ann, milliner, 97, Percy-street Wilkinson Anthony, bootmaker, Yine-lane Wilkinson Christopher, agent, Eyehill-st Wilkinson Edward, bootmaker", 1, King st Wilkinson EHzab. confctnr, 42, Grainger-st Wilkinson George, innkeeper, Locomotive Inn, 17, Westmoreland-street, and 57, Blenheim-street Wilkinson Geo. grocer, 115, Side ; ho. 5, Hare-street Wilkinson Geo. jun. brewery agent. West- gate-hill Wilkinson Henry E. ; ho. 78, Eyehill Wilkinson Jno. provision dealer, Clarence-st Wilkinson John, wholesale linen & woollen merchant, 15, Shakspeare-street ; ho. J, Albion-place Wilkinson Joseph, currier &c. 8, Dog-bank Wilkinson Mr. Joseph, Wesley-street Wilkinson Jos.W. shipbuilder,St. Anthony's Wilkinson Mrs. Mary, 41, Leazes-terrace Wilkinson Mr. jMatthew, Spring Garden-In Wilkinson Captain Malton, Northmbrlnd-st Wilkinson Eobert, baker & flour dealer, 39, Groat Market Wilkinson Mr. Eobert, John-street Wilkinson Eobert, grocer & teadealer, 21|, Grainger street ; ho. 2, Hewgill-ten-ace Wilkinson Sarah, provision dlr. St. Peter's Wilkinson Thomas, temperance missioner, 14, West Pitt-street Wilkinson Thomas, marine store dlr. Foot of Westgate-street Wilkinson Thos. miller, 2, Westgate-hill-ter Wilkinson Thos Etridge,sec. totheSubscrip- tion Newsrooms, 48, Sandhill Wilkinson Wilham, Victoria Hotel, 79, Newgate- street Wilkinson Wilham, butcher, Byker-bank Wilkinson Wilham B. plasterer & modeller, & manfctr. of plaster of Paris cement & chimney pieces, &c. 48, Prudhoe -street; ho. St. Peter's Wilks Christopher, grocer, 34, Gibson-st DIRECTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-TJPON'TYNE*- 309 Williams John Wm. collector, H. M. C. 5, St. jSIaiy's-terrace WimamsTho.( Perez &Williams); lio.Eye-hl Williams Wm ^Badger, engraver. New-road Williamson Da\-id Spencer, pawnbroker, 7, Rosemary-lane Williamson Henry, baker and provision dealer, 3, Prudhoe-place Williamson P. A.bootmkr, 18,St.John's-lane WillJns George, tailor, 3, Mansfield-street Willins Rev. William, academy, Carliol-st Willis George, register of births and deaths for the townships of Westgate, Elswick, Benwell, and Fenham, 1, John-street Willoughby Michael, town missionary, New Bridge-street Willoughby Robert, professor of music, 13, Northumberland-street Willoughby Wm. shoemaker,75,Westgate-st Wilson Abraham, pro V, dh\ 59,Nrthuibrld-st Wilson Alexander, shipowner, Victoria-ter Wilson Andrew, painter, 16, High Friar-st ; ho. 12, Wellington-street Wilson Ann, vict. Aberdeen Arms Inn, Broad-chare Wilson Ann, funeral fumshr, 18,Pudding-ch Wilson Ann, teacher, 10, Cumberland-row Wilson Benjamin, hairdresser, 6, Cloth Market ; ho. Steward-place, Gateshead Wilson Diana, schoolmistress, Weavers'- tower ; ho. 24, Trafalgar-street Wilson Edward, beer retailer, Pudding-ch Wilson Edward, fruiterer, 16, Side Wilson Mrs. Ehzabeth, 45, Northumbrld-st Wilson George, agent, 24, Upper Buxton-st Wilson George, butcher, 27, New Market ; ho. Green-court Wilson George, eating house, 48, Quay Wilson George A. shipbroker. Three Indian Kings-court, Quay ; ho. 1 2, Princess-st Wilson Geo. Peat, bookbinder, 92, Side; ho. 47, Carliol-street Wilson & Gibson, contractors & builders, New Bridge-street Wnson Geo. hnen warehouse, 79, Pilgrim-st Wilson Geo. Gray, teacher of St. Nicholas's National School, Castle-garth Wilson Heory Vipond, merchant; 29, Sand- hill ; ho. Summerhill Wilson Isabella, earthenware dealer. New Market and Clayton-street Wilson James, cashier, at Lambton's Bank, 52, Dean-street Wilson Jas. shipor, Prospect-pl. Shieldfield Wilson Jas. & Son, hosiers, 36, Dean-street Wilson Jas. hosier (J. Wilson & Son)j ho. Hood's-buildings Wilson Jane, teacher of St. John's National School, Sunderland-street ; ho. 10, Blen- heim-street Wilson Jeremiah, watch, &o. maker, 19, Side Wilson John, dairyman. Back-lane Wilson John, hairdresser, 1, Westgate-st Wilson Jno. vict. Locomotive Inn, 28, Rail- way-street Wilson Jno. Charles, vict. Mason's Arms Inn, 21, East Clayton-street Wilson John Heron, agent, 31, Els wick-row Wilson Jno. hosier (J. Wilson & Son); ho, Cramer's-dyke Wilson John, cartwright and joiner, Wilkin- son's-buildings. Stepney; ho. 4, Camden- street, Shieldfield Wilson John, innkeeper. Locomotive Inn^ Railway-street Wilson Mrs. Martha, Minden-place Wilson Mrs. Mary, 3, Regent-terrace WOson Mary, pawnbroker, Wall-kuoU Wilson Mary, register-oflS.ce for servants, Summerhill Wilson & Mattinson, drapers, 20, Market- st Wilson Michael, clerk, 11, St. James's-st Rachael teacher, Weavers' Tower, New Bridge-street Wilson Ralph & Co. drapers and tailors, 66, Grey- street Wilson Ralph, draper (R. Wilson & Co. and G. Bargate & Co.) ; ho. 2, Victoria-ter Wilson Richard, butcher, 21, and eating house 35, Groat Market Wilson Robert, commission agent, 9, Plum- mer-street Wilson Robt. corn dealer, 51, Groat Market Wilson Robert, draper and tailor, 55, Grey- street ; ho.25,Ravensworth-ter.Gatesbead Wilson Robert, vict. Eoyal Standard Inn, Byker hill Wilson Robert, cheesemonger (Robert Wilson & Co.) ; ho.8, Ravensworthter Wilson Robt. & Co. cheesemongers. Forth House, Berwick-street Wilson Robt. Andw. tea ct coffee merchant, 55, Westgate-st; ho. 12, Summerhill-ter Wilson Robt. C. agent, Byker-bar Wilson Robt. S. agent, 8, Plummer-sti-eet Wilson Swinburne, draper (Wilson & Mat- tinson) ; ho. 20, Market-street Wilson Thos. draper (Angus & Wilson) ; ho. Summerhill Wilson Thos. contractor & builder (Wilson & Gibson) : ho. New Bridge-street Wilson Thos. iron manufacturer, l'cc, (Losh, Wilson, & Bell) ; ho. Fell House Wilson Thos. agent, 15, Shield-sti-eet 310 DIKECTTOEY OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. Wilson Thos. draper, Greenside Wilson Thos. tailor, High- bridge Wilson Wm. ii'on manufacturer, ore. (Losh, Wilson, &BelI) ; ho. King James's-sti'eet, Gateshead Wilson Wm. butcher, 118, New Market, and Northumberland-street Wilson Wm. clerk of All Saints', Traflgr-st Wilson Wm. cooper, Homsby's-chare ; ho. Butcher-bank Wilson Wm. agent, Argyle-place Wilson Wm. pawnbroker, 105, Pilgrim-st ; ho. 39, Eyehill Wilson Wm. plumber, &c. 8, Low Friar-st ; ho. 6, Westmoreland-street Wilson Wm. shopkeeper, St. Peter's Wilson Wm.relieving officer,?, Charlotte-sq Wilthew Thos. cart proprietor, 3, Stowell-st Winiield John, gentleman,] 2, Wesley.street Wingaard Hans & Co. commission mer- chants, Three Indian Kings- court Win gate E. E. animal preserver, 9. Spring Gai'den-teiTace Winks Jeremiah, insurance agt. 22, Mrkt-st Vv'inn Jas. M. & Co. merchants, Trinity-ch Winn Jas. M. merchant (J. M. Winn and Co.) ; ho, St. Mary's-place IViun Wm. straw plait and bonnet dealer, QO, ^^larket-street ; ho. 2, St. Martia's-ct Winship Mark, agent, Argjde-sti'eet Winship Mrs. Isab. 6, St. Thomas's-street Winship Mary pro \nsion dlr. 2, Hedlej'-st Winship Eobt, smith and farrier, Byker-bar Winship Thos. builder, Gallow-gate Winship Thomas, farmer. West Jesmond Wir:ship T. vict. George and Dragon Inn, Skinner's-burn Winship W'm. surgeon, 7, Percy-street Winstanley Edwd. prorision dlr. 36, Close Winter John, vict. George I. Inn, 10, George-street Yfinter Walter, rict. Newcastle Tavern, 35, Butcher-bank Winter John, beerhouse, Greenwell-terrace Winter Eobt. cooper, 27, Stowell-street Winter Thos. K. reporter to the " Courant," 31, Howard- street Wise An di^ew, painter, 51, Northumberland- street ; ho. 22, West Pitt-street Wise Jas. m. mariner. 15, Howard-street Wodson Vv'm. F. agent, 17, St Thonias's-cr Wood Alex, grocer (Tm-nbuU & Wood) ; ho. 17, West -parade Wood Jas. cabinet maker and herbahst, Trafalgar-street Wood John, commission agent (Alexander & Wood) J ho. 19, YUla-place Wood John, bill distributor, 64, Newgate-st Wood Ealph, clerk, Union-street Wood Stephen, boat builder, Tyne-street ; ho. Mill- hill Wood Wm. agent, Argyle-terrace Woodger Edwd. fish curer (T. &E, Wood- ger) ; ho. Dunn's Cottage, Elswick-lane Woodger John, fish curer, 3, Westgate-st ; ho. 6, Spring Garden-terrace Woodger Thomas & Edwd. fish curers, 29, Westgate-street, and Eegent street Woodger Thos. fish curer (T. &E. Woodger); ho. 29, Westgate-street Woodman Jas. piano-forte tuner, Pradhoe-pl Woods John Anthony, timber merchant (A. Hood Sz Co.); ho. Lovaine-place Woods Wm. iron merchant (M. Wheatley & Co.); ho. 19, Eldon-square Wooll" ?\Iichael, dentist, 8, Brunswick-place Wooller Joseph, com. traveller, 6, Oxford-st Woollett Henry, agent, 4, North-terrace Worden Thos. bookseller, 16, Nun-street Worley Matthew, vict. & builder, Balmoral Inn, 25, Arthur's-hill Worley William, joiner and cart^Tight, 25, Arthur's-hill WoHKiNG Taxloes' ASSOCIATION, 4, GraiQ- ger-street WorreU A. B. Van, artist, 2, St. James's-ter Wraith George, ship broker. 36, Tilla-place Wrangham Thos. bootmaker, 35, Bayley-st Wren William, straw-bonnet warehouse, 20, Market-street ; ho. 2, St. Martin's-court Wright, Brothers, flint-glass manufactm-ers, Newcastle Flint Glass Works, Forth-st. and Begent-street Wright Elizabeth, furaitm^e, cfce. broker, 19, Uni^n-street, and 20, Groat Market; ho. 21, Leazes-crescent Wright Elizab. furniture brkr. 17, Union-st Wright Gilbert, flint - glass manufactui'er (Wright. Brothers); ho. Yilla-real Wright Gilbert, flint-glass manufacturer (Wright, Brothers); ho. Villa-real Wright & Brown, iroufounders, Eegent-st Wright George, ironfounder (Wright & Brown); ho. Villa Eeal Wright Geo. hairdresser, 53, Newgate-st j ho. Eobin son-street, Shieldfield Wright Geo. hairdresser, 53, Newgate-st; ho. Eobinson-street, Shieldfield Wright Eev. Heniw Wildey, incumbent of St. John's, 24, Westgate-street Wright James, grocer, 22, Vvelhngton-st Wi-ight James, tailor, Oak's-place Wright John & Co. spirit merchants, 4G, High-bridge DIEECTOBY OP KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. 311 Wright Jolin, agent, 2, High-bridge ■\Yright Jos. prov. dealer, Marlborough-pl Wright Margt. poulterer, 45, Pudding-ch Wright Miles, turner, 39. and ho. 41, Bigg Market Wright Peter, wine merchant, 88, Side; ho. 17, Albion-street Wright Eich. MaiT, btchr. 17, New Market; ho. 17, St. James's-street Wright Ebt. boot and shoemaker, Minories Wright Wm. builder, 26, Westmoreland-st Wright Willianij shopkeeper, Byker-bank Wrightson Thomas, gentleman, 8, St. Mary's-terrace Wrightson William, innkeeper, Bath Hotelj 37, Scotswood-road Wroe Jas. beerhouse, 35, Head of the Side Wyatt John, bank cashier, Claremont-place, Gateshead Wylam Colliery Office, 7, Quay-side Wylam Mrs. Elizabeth, 12, Yictoria-terrace Wylam Ralph & Co. wine and spirit mer- chants, 77, Quay, and 5, Sandhill Wylam Ralph, wine and spirit merchant (R. Wylam & Co.); ho. 21, West-street, Gateshead Wylam .-Robert, vict. Foresters' Arms Inn, 1, Wellington-street Wylam Wilham, wine and spirit merchant (E.Wylam & Co.); ho. 1, Claremont-place, Gateshead Wylie R. & Co. iron founders, Close-gate Foundry, Close Wyhe Robt. ironfounder (R. Wylie & Co.); ho. 1, Providence-place Wyhe & Ridley, confectnrs, 23, Cloth Mkt Wynands W. J. merchant, Three Indian Kings-court YARDLEY Wm. boot maker, Crescent-pl Yellowley Ehzabeth, fruiterer, &c. 29, Grainger-street Yellowley William, wholesale grocer, 57, Pilgrim-street; ho. Corbridge YouU John, smith, 74, Northumberland-st ; ho. 6, Stowell-street YouU William & Robt. slaters, Gallow-gate YouU Robert, slater and dairyman, 3, Leazes-lane, Gallow-gate YouU William, dairyman, 41, Gallow-gate Young Alex, grocer, 80, West Clayton-st ; ho. 23, Leazes-street Young Andrew, draper, 106, Pilgrim-street Young Andrew, grocer, 80, West Clayton-st. Young C. H. com. merchant, 61, Close; ho. 7, Ravensworth-terrace Young Edward, prov. dlr. 27, Butcher-bank Young Edward, M. solicitor, 29, Sandhill ho. 7, Eldon-place Young Elizabeth, fruiterer, 33, Northumber- land-street Young George, Neville , Hotel, opposite Central Station, Neville-street 1 Young George, bootmaker, Seam-street Young George, vict. Union Vaults Inn, Dog-leap-stairs Young Jacob, cart proprietor, 26, Sunder- land-street Young James, baker, Westgate Young James Brown, draper, 23,'^East Clayton-street Young John, proV. dealerj'lOl, Percy-st Young John, hatter, 94j Side; ho.^12, Hinde-street Young John, supervisor inland revenue, 28, Melbourne-street Young John, provision dealer, 23, Nun-st Young John, tobacco and snuff dealer, 134, Pilgrim-street Young John, provision dealer, St. Peters Young Joseph, plumber, &c. (Stewart & Young); ho. St. John's-lane Young Margaret, miUiner, &e. 5, Blackett-pl Young Mrs. Mary, 35, Elswick-row Young Mary, clockmaker, &c. 13, Bigg Market; ho. Hinde-street Young Mary Ann, confectioner, 28, Dean-st and 40, Grey-street Young Mary, watchmkr. (fee. 13, Bigg Mkt Young Matthew, grocer, 23, Westgate Young Michael, vict. Lio7i and Lamb Inn, 4,4^, Newgate-street Young Richard, gentleman. Chimney MiUs young Richard, merchant ; ho. 4, Elswick East- terrace Young Robert K. plumber, (fee. (Stewart and Young); ho. St. John's-lane Young Thomas, draper^ Arcade; ho. 49, Leazes-terrace Young Thos. prov. dealer, 33, Prudboe-st Young William, glass manufacturer (J. G. Dodd & Co.); ho. 40, Cumbei'land-row Young Wilham, French polisher, 29, Bigg Market ; 2, Ridley-court YoimgerAdam A. agent, Picton-terrnce Younghusbaud Baitholomew, flour dealer, 112, Pilgrim-street ; ho. 12, Albion-place Younghusbaud John, provision dealer, 31, Northumberland-street Younghusband John, provision dealer, 101, Percy-sti'eet ZENNER David, analytical chemist, 13, Bayley-sti-eet CLASSIFICATION TRADES, PROFESSIONS, &c. Academies and Scliools All Saints' Ch arit yS cho ol, Station Honss-sqr; Jolin Brewis, teacher All Saints'Charity School, HolyJesusHospital.Manor chare; Ann Pescod, teachr Armstrong Ann Chalmers (preparatory and infant), 10, West Clayton-st Bell & Malcolm, Trafalgar- st Beveridge J. Plumber's Hall, West-walls Briggs Eebecca, 18, Marl- "borough-street Brown E. & G. 14, West Clayton-street Bruce Eev.J. C. 80,Percy-st Burdis W. 16, Blandford-st Byker District School, Byker; JohnYoung, master CATHOLicScHooLS,Carliol-sq; John Kiordan, master, and Mary Ann Hodgson, mis- tress Charlton Mary A. 22, West- moreland-street Cholera Schools, Eose- mary-lane; ThomasSraith, master, & Octavia Outhett, mistress Clarke E. E. 35, Cumber- land-row Claxton Susannah (boai'd- ing), 2j George-sti-eet Clergy Jubilee Schools, Carhol-sq. ; John Brock- bank, master, & Elizabeth J. Eeed, mistress Colthard Harper, Hanover-st Copeland G. 87, Blandford-st Corporation School, Friars; George Meikle. teacher D'Acosta Maria Antoinette, 49, Howard street Deaf & Dujjb Institution, Charlotte-square , William Neill, head master and secretary Dixon Elizabeth, 9, Hinde-st Ellis Agnes (boarding) Higham-place Emslie ]Misses, 25, Leazes- ten^ace FairweatherT. 42, Westgate- street Garven J. 1 , William-street Girls' Jubilee School, Croft-street Green Mrs. 179. Pilgrim-st Greenwell T. 7, Thornton-st Grey T. (navigation and nau- tical astronomy). Trinity- chare Grubb Ann, 15, Westmore- land-street ' Hall Catherine Jane (board- ing), 4, Howard-sti^eet Hall Grace, 7, Bath-row Henderson E. Sallyport-gate Henderson Nicholas,Wesley- street Heslop Sarah, Clavering-pl Hewison Dorothy & Esther, 20, Elswick-row Infant School (Orphan House), 60, Nrthmbrld st; Ann Eobertson, teacher Infant School (Sallyport), Causey-bank ; J. Lawson, mistress Infant School (Saint Andrew's), 14, Percy-st; Mary Yeitch, teacher Infant School (St. John's), Bath-lane ; Annie EUis, mistress Jameson J, Elswick-street Knowles James, Knowles's Academy, 14, William-st. Arthur's Hill Lax Esther Ehzb. & Margt. (boarding), 4, Eidley-villas Lax Mary Ann (ladies), 24, Shieldfield-green Lee E. 19, Northumberlnd-st Lilly white Anne, 15,Terrace- place Loten J. Croft- street jNIilne Mary Ann, Wcstgate- street Noble John (dayc^ boarding), Shieldfield-green Outhett Margt. (boarding), 7, Trafalgar-street CLASSIFIED DIRECTOET. 313 Academies &c.— Continued, Peai'son F. & Q. 5, Carliol- square Peovidence Chapel Schools, Westmoreland- lane ; E. & Ellen Ander- son, teachers Pyburn J. 4, Trafalgar-street Eagged Schools, 38, Gib- son-street; John Morgan, master ; Sarah Coulson, mistress Eeid Isabella, 17, Thomas's- sti-eet Eobins Mrs. Margaret, Car- liol-street Eobinson Jane Maria, 17, Eyehill Eobinson J. House Carpen- ters' Tower, Westgate-st Eobson Ann, Glasshouse- st. St. Peter's Eoss Jno. 20, Nelson- street Eowley J. 23, Buckingham-st EoYAL Grammar School, Charlotte-square ; Eev. J. Snape, M.A. master EoTAL Jubilee School, New- road; C. F. Spring- man, teacher Eutherford Thomas H. Law- son-street, Byker-bar Scott Jane, 4, Shield-street Simpson Mrs. 61, West- moreland-terrace Smith & Bowness, 52, North- umberland-street Smith Mary, 7,Wellington-ter Spencer Eevd. Wilham, B.A. (boarding & day) 7 & 8, Clayton-street, West Stamp EHzabeth G. 39,West- moreland-ten-ace St. Andrew's National Schools, 14, Percy-st. & Eldon-lane; George Gibb and Mary Ann Bulloch, teachers St. Ann's National School, New-rd, ; J Stafford, tchr St.John'sNationalSchools, Sunderland-street; J.Fors- ter, master; Jane Wilson, mistress St. Paul's District School, Elswick st; John Jameson, teacher St. Nicholas's National School, Queen-st; G.Grey Wilson & Ehzabeth Brock- bank, teachers St. Thomas's School, Vine- lane ; Henry Page, master; DorothyAnnCole, mistress Storey James, Byker-hill Storey J. 1, St. Mary's -place Tait J. and E. 16, Simder- land-street Taylor Elizabeth (boarding). 6, Queen's.square Tate Mary, 95, Blandford- street Teasdale Mary Ann, 106, E. Clayton-street Tidy Catherine, 5,Saville-row Trinity Church Schools, New Bridge-street; J. & Mary Noble, teachers Trinity House School, Trinity -chare; Thos. Grey (teacher of navigation, & nautical astronomy) Union School eor Girls, Bath-lane ; Isabella H. McKay, mistress Unitarian Chapel Schools, Hanover sq.; J. Eidgeway & Hannah Carr, teachers Waddie A. 14, Elswick-row Watson E. W. (boarding), 53, Blackett-street White D. 7, Green-court WilHns Eev. W. (boarding), 35, Carliol street Wilson Ann, 10, Cumber- land-row Wilson Diana, Weaver's Tower, New Bridge-strest Wilson Eachel, New Bridge- street Accountants Allison E. (and arbitrator) Eoyal Arcade Baker B. 4, Yorke-street Guthrie J. 27, Dean-street Hogg J. 0. 64, Grey-street Hoggins J. Arcade Jameson J. 100, Percy-street James Jno. W. IVlinden-ter Middlemas A. Arcade Miller J. 21, Dean-street Proctor & Lamb, 17, Arcade Shand W. Bank-buildings u 2 Account Book Makers Crawford A. E. 12, Dean-st Forster & Hara, 26, Side Eobinson E. 31 & 32, Side, & Postern Agents— Commission See also Brokers — Shi;p and Insurance. Alexander & Wood, Grinding- chare. Quay-side Anderson Peter, 19, Clayton- street West AndersonWm. colliery, Byker Angus T. C. & Co. 9, Close Archer E. H. Close Ayton I. & Sons, 36, Sandhill Benson H. W. Copland-ter. Shieldfield Bertram C. 71, Quay Birkinshaw W. commission, 38, Broad-chare Black J. & Co. 94, Side Bradshaw B. C. insurance, Fenwick's-entry Briggs W. J. Fenwick's-entry Brough C. 32, Blackett-street Brown Jas. St. Nicholas's-sq Brown Jno. H. junr. Eewcas- tle- chare Burnett Eobert, 26, Quay-side Capper W.J. 28, Leazes-ter Challoner Ewd. 17, Mosley-st Clark W. Arcade Clement L. Three Indian Kings-court Colville J. B. 11, Trafalgar-st Cook William, New-road Courtenay J. C. 97, Side Coxon William, house, 35, West Buckingham-st Coxwell G. S. 106, Side Curiie, Broths.&Co. 117, Side Dickinson Wm. 38, Quay-side Dodd Thomas, 14, Sandhill Drury and Eichardson, 50, Dean street Dryden J. & Co. 9, Trinity Chambers Fairbridge William, house, 80, Newgate-street Eraser Alex. 35, Broad-chare Fothergill E.T. l.Butcher-bk Gilpin H. it Co. 33, Market-st Greenwell & Son, Eewcastle- chare 814 l^lSWCASTLE-tiPON-TYNM'' Agents, &0.—Co7iti7itied. Grey J. B. & Co. 38, Broad ch Hail J. & Co. 11, Quay Hall T. 113, Side Hansen P. Fenwick's-entry Hardcastle & Allason, Arcade Han-is Anthony &Co.32,Quay Hai-rison A. 13, Arcade Haswell S. W. 32, Quay-side Heath Thomas &Francis, 42, - Sandhill Hedley S. 48, Westgate-st Heslop C. Drury-lane Hewett J. -iTjWestmorelnd-st Hills, Edward, 44, Grey-st Hillyaid Benjamin, jun. and ship broker, 36, Quay-side Hodgson J. J. 26, Dean-st Hodgson Charles, & general, Adrain Head Inn, Elswick- lane Hogg J. 0. 64, Grey-street Hoggins J. Arcade HoUenius & Sheardown, 33, Quay Konevman &Co.Painter-bgh Hoyle E. 14, Sandhill Humphrey Wilham, Ropers' Arms Inn, Nelson-street North-shore Intlemann, Eose & Co. 32, Quay. Jobson, Brothers, & Co. 77, Quayside Jobson and HorsfaU, and curriers and leather mer- chants, Stowell-street Johnstone J. house, Mel- bourne-street Lambert Eobt. 9, Clayton-st ^'est Lange, Bros. Three Indian Kings-court Lawrence J. jun. 55, Quay Leighton William Brogg, 7, Grainger-street Loades Wm. Butcher-bank JLosh WUson & Bell, 37, Quay-side Lunn J. 6, Broad-chare ■Mathwin Thomas, 1, St. St. Thomas-square McCree T. & A. 75, Quay Moss J. 32, Broad-chare Middlemass A. Arcade Kesham W. 2, Sandhill NewbyJ.house,8, Lisle-street Gates L 12, Sandhill Palmer G. & C. M. 29, Quay Parker A. & Co. and steam packet, 50, Quay Parker J. & Co. 40, Sandhill Pattinson & Dunn, 21, Groat Market Pattinson Thomas, & Co. and Australian emigra- tion, &c., Three Indian Kiugs-couit Pearson J. Gallow-gate Pentland J. 17, St. John's-ln Perez & Williams, shipping, 43, Sandhill Pickersgill & Co. 2, SandhiU Plues W. M. 51, Quay Potts J. 1, Broad-chai-e Bring A. Pallister's-chare Proctor Lamb, 17, Ai-cade Eeid Thos. 33, Quay-side Eennoldson & Farley, 33, Quay Eichardson Wra. 20, Sandhl Scheele W. 71, Quay Scott James J. 59, Quay-side Selby L. 17, Mosley-street Southern Wm. Eewcastlech Storey John, 14, Sandhill Stuart W. 62, Grainger-st Telfer Adam, 19, Nun-st Temperley and Springman ( successors to Eeid & Co. ), 21, Quay-side Thompson &Co.l4,Broad-ch ThohipsonYv'. G. 35,Broad-ch Towns Thomas, Duke-street Turner James, Three Indian Kings- court Wakinshaw Brothers, 14, Broad-chare Walker J. New-road Walsh J. 17, Mosley-st Watson Ebt.L. 26,Quay-side; ho. 41, Leazes-terrace Young C. H. Close Agents— Special Anderson^ Mack, mahogany, 42, Grey-street Atkinson E. tea, 4, Saville-rw Brockett W. H. & secretary to Chamber of Commerce, 29, Sandhill Brown Thos. (to Thos. Flet- cher & Co.), 3, Camden - street, ShieldHeld Bum James, 8, Cottenham-st Carins Henry (to Thomas and Matthew Thompson, brewers. Manor Brewery); ho. Pawton Dean-terrace Challoner J. S. (British Tele- graph Co.), 27, Dean-street Cooper J. (Chartered Gas Light and Coke Co. Lon- don), 33, Quay Dickinson William (for St. Petersburg Nadejda In- surance Company), 38, Quay-side Donnison Fred. Clavering-pl DoubledayT.sec. to coal trade, Mosley-street Gell George (to theYarmonth Steam Co.), New Quay Hall John, coal agent. South ElswickColliery, near New- castle Harborn Thos. fto William Galloway and Co.), 13, Blandfcrd-street Harrison A. (Hull Grease and Oil Co. and Wintle & Co.), 13, Arcade Hyslop Charles, for the sale of Pipe and Potters' Clay, Blue Anchor-chare, and 65, Quay-side Lawrence J. jun. (Montrose and Newcastle Shipping Co.), 55, Quay Loades William (to J. M. Thorne & Son, Nine Elms Brewery, London ; and to John and William Hai-vey and Co. distillers, York ; and also to John & Eobert Harvey and Co. distillers, Dundas-hill), office. But- cher-bank ; ho. YiUa-place, Gateshead McCulloch D. (Blackie and Sons, pubs.), 2, Elswick-ct Mures W. L. (Hull and Newcastle Steam Naviga- tion Co.), 2, Broad-chare and Clai'ence-street Pattinson Thomas and Co. (Australian emigration,itc) Three Indian Kings-court Pickersgill Geo.(toFullerton and Co. publishers), 3i, Westgate-street GLASSIE'IED DIEECTORt. 315 Agents, iio.— Continued. Pliimmer B. (the VieiileMon- tagueCo'szinc)St. Peter's ; office, 7, Quay Potts J. emigratn. l,Broad-ch Piedshaw Andu". self-generat- ing gas lamp, 1, Blenheim- street Eeufrew James T. (for G. Virtue & Co. publishers, London and N ew York) ; 30, Collingwood-street Shepherd Ann,for Morrison's pills, 20, Carliol-street Shorthose J. (Bass Eatdiffe and Gretton), Goods Sta- tion, Y. N. & B. Eailway Sisson G. Hillgate ware- houses, 117, Side Stevenson, Vermehern, and Scott (to the Jarrow Chemical Co.), 1, Sahd-hl Thomson W. G. Dundee traders, 35, Broad-chare Weatherson John (to Messrs. Wylie & Co.), Close Wright John fto V/illiam SykesThornton), 28,High- bridge Agricultural Implement Makers Gibson & Son, Gallow-gate Eichardson & Co. Stowell-st Ale and Porter Mereliants Berwick A. & Co. 6, Market-st Fialay & Scott, 47, Bigg Mkt (Gilpin J. & Co. 52, Pilgrim-st Hedley Mary, 60 and 61, Plead of the Side Kirkley J. 4 and 5, Manor- st Laing Alex. 5, Market-street Miller W. 54, Pilgrim- street Eodham T. 21, High Bridge Shorthose , John, Trafalgar Goods Station Stephenson E. 107,Pilgrim-st Walker E. 70, Grey-street Anchor Manufacturers See also Chain and Chain- Gahle Manufacturers Longridge & Co. Bedhngton Iron Works; office, 24, Westgate-street Shields W. St. Peter's, and Eewcastle-chare, Quay Animal & Bird Preservers Duncan E. St. Andrew's-ct Wingate E. E. 9, Spring Garden-terrace Architects and Surveyors See also Land Agents and Surveyors Austin T. 36, Mosley-street Brown W. 76, Grey-street Dobson J. New Bridge-street Gibson Thos.58, Westgate-st Grainger E. 9, W. Clayton -st Green J. 64, Grey-street Green B. 3, Arcade Knowles Wm. 35, Northum- berland-street Johnson & Knowles, 17,Clay- ton-street. West Oliver A, Bank Buildings, and 17, Hov>^ard-street Oliver A. 39, West Clayton-st -Oliver T. jun. 80, Grey-st Oliver T. sen. 3, Picton-place Pi-osser T. 4, Low Swin- burne-place Spoor Edward (and builder, &c.) Hanover-square Stokoe W. 3, Argyle-street Thompson M. 15,EoyalArcd Walker G. 15, W. Clayton-st Y/anless J. 3, Mansfieid-st Wardle J. 32, Market-street Watson J. 74, Grey-street Artists Marked. * are Portrait Painterg. Barker Chas Fiott (& histo- rical & portrait painter). Brandling-place Campbell J. 114, Blenheim-st Elliott E. 42, Grey- street Harper T. (landscape) 12, Brunswick-place Hogarth 1. 6, Grainger-street * Humble S. 39, Blackett-st Knowles W. A. 35, Nor- thumberland-street LowthinT.63,WestClavton-st * M' Donald C. & Co. 2f,Deau- street Mofisman D. (miuatui'e) 19, Blackett-street Eamsay J. 40, Blackett-st Eichardson H. B. (landscape & marine) 50, Blackett-st Scott W.B. School of Design, Westgate-street * Weir W. 26, E. Clayton st Asphalte Manufacturers James & Co. 8, Grey-street Newcastle & Gateshead Asphalte Company; office, Carliol- square Tyne Asphalte Co. 15, Grey-street Assistant Overseers Carins Alexander, for Byker Carins Geo. for Heaton Dickinson Thos. 42, Els wick- street, for Elswick Prater Mark, for Jesmond Gamsbv George, for West- gate ; office,22,WestBland- ford- street Gibson J. T. 16,St Nicholas's chrch-yd. for St. Nicholas's Gray Geo. Trafalgar street, for All Saints' Proctor Michael, Nixon-st. for St. Andrew's Sibbet Henry,Orchard-street, for St. John's Sterling Wm. for Benwell Auctioneers and Appraisers Anderson & Mack, 42, Grey- street Anderson Peter, 19, Clayton- street, West Biagburn E. Three Indian Kings- court Brignall J. A. 1, Sandgate Brough C. Blackett-street Charleton J. 13, Nrthmbrld-ct Clark W. Arcade Cook Wilhara, New-road Gilpin H. & Co. 33, Mai-ket-st Hard castle & Allason,Arcade Hoggins J. Arcade Jordan J. Nortliumberland-ct Pattinson & Dunn, 21, Groat Market Pentland J. 17, St. John's-ln Towers Dickinson, Black Bull - yard, High-bridge ; ho. 15, Carliol-street Walsh J. 44, Grey-sti-eet 3ie l^EWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Bakers Marked * are also Flour Dealers Adams B, K. Cut-bank Allan Andrew, and flour dealer, 36, Low Friar-st ^Armstrong J. 10, Buxton-st Atchison Andrew, bread and biscuit, 9, Bridge-street, Gateshead, & 27, Quay-side BainA.F.3, Spring Garden-In Bolam G. biscuit, 27, High Friar-street Brewis Peter, Stockbridge Brewis T. Stockbridge Blown W. 69, Northumber- land-street Cameron W. (biscuit) 35,and 36, Grainger-street Carr Ealph, St. Peter's Davison John, St, Ann's-st Dixon S. 16, High Friar-st Dry B. White Swan-yard Dry W. 39, Broad-chare Fleming W. Leazes-lane Forbes K. 8, Nun -street Fryer John, bread & biscuit, 6, Sunderland-street, and 1, Temple-street Green G. 60-61, Blackett-st Grieves W. Spring-street * Guthrie W. Waterloo-street Hay W. D. 18 & 53, Quay Hay William, and grocer, ] 9, Arthur's Hill Hunter Jacob, 39, Groat Market Lockie K. 8, East Clayton-st McNeil Wm. (public) St. Mary-street, Sandgate Millers James, Newgate-st PigdonT. W.WestClayton-st Eea G. 27, Nun-street Robinson J. Milk Market Boss Sarah, 33, Terrace-pl Scott W. 3, St. Nicholas's- church-yard Snowball & Allan, 72, Nor- thumberland-street Turnbull R. 33, Howard-st Weatherson T. 63, Head of the Side Wightman J.T. 59,Pilgrim st Wilkinson B. 39, Groat Mkt W^ilhamson Henry, Prud- hoe-placc Young J. Westgate Bankers Newcastle Branch Bank OF England, Grey-street ; — Bobt. Anderson, agent D. W. Goddard, sub-agent NOETHUMBEELANDAND DUR- HAM District Company, Grey-street, — Jonathan Bichardson & W.B.Ogden, directors Union Banking Company, Mosley-st. — Wm. Woods, Saml. Parker, and Geo. Bargate,directors for New- castle Commercial Bank, Dean-st. — Wm.Walker,J .D.Weatli- erly, G. W. Cram, Geo. E. Sawyer, and Allan B. Bowers, directors W.H.Lambton & Co.Dean-st SAviNGs'EANKjBoyal Arcade; — Open on Saturdays from 12 to 1, and from 7 to 8 ; Geo. Masterton, actuary Barometer Makers See also Opticians. Alcbisio Lewis, 4, Market-st Barnasconi F.20,High-bridge Mastaglio V. 24, Grainger-st Molteni A. 185, Pilgrim-st Molteni C. 25, Grainger-st. and Collingwood-street Tarelli A. & Son, Dean-st Barristers Bainbridge W.Westmoreland House, Westgate-street Blackvvell B. B. 1, Spital-pl Dunn M. Boyal Arcade Ellison C. E. stipendiary magistrate, Westgate-st Gibson W. S. 5, E. George-st Losh James (& judge of the County Court of Nrthbrld.), 11, West Clayton-street Mulcaster J. P. 51, West- gate-street Basket Makers Armitage W. (and willow merch ant ) M an or-ch are Bain T. Painter-heugh Burluraux S. (& importer) 29, Side Denton R. 38, Bigg Market Gray John B. JBack-lane Grey J. 89, New Market Harrison J, & H. {& willow merchants), 31, Dean-st Hanison T. 22, Side Harrison W. 20, Nelson-st Horsley J. Taylor's-court Humble C. 13, Union-street BoYAL Victoria Asylum for THE Blind, 50, Northum- berland-street Sayers Christopher, Percy-st Thompson T. D. 92, New Market Todd H. Westgate ToddH. 51,NewMai'ket Berlin Wool and Fancy Repositories Corbett J. & Co. 2, Grey-st Dixon Kitty, 1, Hood-street Engledow L. 39, Grainger-st Foss J. H. 93, W. Clayton- street Stafford Hannah, 65, Grey-st Swan Isabella & Mary Jane, 9, Northumberland-street White M. 11, Grey street Bill Distributors Boag W. Manors Goulden J. 42, Groat Market Thompson J. Low Bridge Wood W. Chambers'-court Billiard Boom Keepers Angus J. 9, Market-st Grant J. 27, Market-street Humble C. 9, Shakspeare-st Thomas W. 2, Market-st Bird Dealers Nichol P. 27, Nelson-st Bichardson J. Neville-street, Spital Watson E. Friars Blacking Manufacturers Forrest Joseph (and ink), Orchard-street Liddle, T. Stepney Blanket Manufacturer Hopkinson Bobert, St. Ann's- street ; works at BirstaU, near Leeds (CLASSIFIED DIKECTOEY. 811 Block and Mast Makers Chicken T. 29, Quay, and at Gateshead Hutton W. Quay Proud J. Close & Ouseburn Saw Mills Boarding & Lodging Houses See also Temperance Hotels. Ains worth Mary Ann, 33, Grainger-street Anderson Hannah, Prospect- placo, Arthur's Hill Andrews Ann, 2, Leazes-crea Angus Margt. 36, Sliield-st Atkinson Elizb. -18, Carhol-st Aydon Jane & Deborah, 41, Blackett-st Bainbridge Elizb. 13, West- moreland-street Barron F. 10, St. John's-ln Bell Ann, 40, Blackett-street Bell Ann, 9, Cottenham-st Bell Maria Jane, 16, St. James's-street Blakey Mary, 7, Prudhoe-st Brown Elizabeth, 23, Sunder- land-street Brown Martha, Carliol st Brown Margt. 38, Blackett-st Brown Susannah, 3, Percy-pl Burn Jane, 4, Albion-st Burn Sarah, 8, Saville-court Callender Ann, 8, Bell-street Cai-ey EHzb. 33, Market-st Charlton Catherine, Elswick East-terrace Charlton Elizabeth, 8, Sun- derland-street Corbett Ann, 4, Lisle-street Crawford Mrs.—, 26, Nun-st Crombie J. 91, W. Clayton-st Crow Mary, 4, Leazes-cres Curry Elizb. 6, Newgate-st Dagg Ehzb. l3,New Bridge-st Darhng Mary, 16, Oxford-st Davidson Elnr. 7, Forth-ln Davison Margt. Camden-st Dawson B. 11, George-st Dormond R. 3, Angus'-court Douglass Elizabeth, Elswick East-terrace Easton Jane, 6, St. John's-ln Elder Mary, East Parade Elliott J. 44, Blackett-street Ellison G. 3, Lisle-street Elliott Sarah, 28, Northum- berland-street Emmerson J. Morrison-ter Eydon J. D. 41, Blackett-st Farrish Mary Ann, 31, West- gate-street Fenwick Isab. 11, Saville-crt Gilmore Mary, 18, Leazes-ter Gray Kuth, 98, Blandford-st Grey Dorothy, 1 1 , Blackett-st Grey Hannah, Carliol-street Grey Hannah, 1, Duke-st Guthrie G. 48, Cumberland- row Hall C. Northumberland-crt Harrison G. 80, Blandford-st Harrison Isab. 33, Blackett st narrower Ellen, 2, Northum- berland-place Hay Elizabeth, 44, Carliol-st Hedley Jane & Fanny, 11, Oxford-street Hildreth M. 5, Cottenham-st Hindmarsh E. 1, William-st Heaviside Mrs. 22, Sunder- land-street Henderson E. ll,Saville-row Hewison Isab. 2, Angas-crt Flewitsou H. 13, St. John's-ln Hodge Cath. 17, Albion-pl Hudspeth Hannah, Shield-st Jameson Matilda, 55, Leazes- terrace Johnson M. P. 19, Villa-pl Johnston Mary A. 22, Ed- ward-street Kirsop Jane, 64, Blandford- st Laidler W. 12, St. John's-ln Lancaster Sarah, Carliol-st Lee Mary, 14, Terrace-place Leighton Mary Ann, 56, Cumberland-row Limpricht Isabella, 81,Bland- ford-street Mason Margt. 10, Terrace -pi Mather Eliz. 39, Carliol-st Mather M. 83, Blandford-st Maughan Jane, Canada-ter Meldrum Elizb. Leazes-road Middlemas Jane, 7, Bell-st Morallee J. 14, jBrunswick- place Munro Isab. 10, Blackett-st Neale Margt. 16, Percy-st Nichols n Mary, 82, Blaud- ford-street Patterson C. 31, Blackett-st Peacock Ann, 9, Shakspere-st Eae Isab. 6, St. Mary's-ter Richardson Elizabeth, 14, Oxford-street Richardson Mary, 90, Bland- ford-street Ridley Ann, 42, Grey-street RowellW. 60, Blandford-st Ryle Margt. 48, Blackett-st Ryott Mary, 2, Brunswick-pl Simpson H. 26, Grainger-st Slater Misses, 14,Saville-row Smith Ann, 14, Carhol street Smith Ann, 8, Eldon-square Smith Ann, I, Hedley-street Smith Elizabeth, 14, St. John's-lane Smith Elizb. 3, Villa-place Snowdon D. 12, Stamford- ham-place Spark Mrs. 36, Carliol-street Stark Margt. 28, Oxford-st Stout E. 17, Westgate-street Sutherland Misses, 8, Prin- cess-street TaylorCharlotte, 3, George-st Taylor J. 6, Angas-coiu:t Taylor Margaret, 2, St. Thomas's-crescent Taylor Sarah, 24, Oxford-st Thew Mary, 20, Leazes-cres Thornton Eleanor, 9, North- umberland-street Thursfield Margaret, St. James's-street TinweU Margt. 12, Bland- ford-street Tomlinson H. 3, Elswick-crt Tweddle Mary,29, Leazes-ter Waitt J. 2, Ravensworth-ter Wall Martha, 27, St. John's-ln Wardle Ann, 59, Leazes-ter Watson Ann, 6, Grainger-st Watson EUzabeth, 1 , Elswick East-ter. Scotswood-road Wilkin Charlotte, 4, Prin- cess-street Wilkin jMary, Wesley-street Winn Ehzb. 9, St. Mai-y's-pl Boat Builders Clasper H. Beuwell Boat House, Low Benwell Humphrey William, Rojper's Arms Inn, Nelson-street; North-shore Wood S. Tjne-sU'eet n% . KE WCASTLE-trFOTT-TYNE: Bone Ctittsrs and Manure Manufacturers ColbeckThos. L. & Co. Scots- wood Bone Mill ; office, 60, Quayside Bookbinders Marked * are also Paper Rulers. Charlton Edw. 46, Pilgrim-st Cowan E. 1, Library-place Dawson W. H. 16, St. Niclio- las's-churcb-yard France & Co. 106, Side Kaye Wm. 5, Blackett-street * Kelly & Waters, 20, Nelson- Lambert M. & M. W. 69, Grey-street *Lee J. 5, St. John's lane Loraine Gath. Pilgrim-street Moran Wm. 5, Low Friar-st *NewlandsT.6], Head of Side ♦Paradise W. 99, Percy-street *Ptobinson E. 31, & 32, Side Sanderson F. 11, West Buck- ingham-street Sang W. 61, Grey-street ♦Simpson T. & Sons, 15, Dean-sti'eet & 2, Side *Snowdon Thomas, 10, Bigg Market *Sturrock G. 46, Grainger-st *Wilson G. P. 92, Side ■ Booksellers and Stationers See also Stationers. Atkin W. (nautical & chart), 62, Quay Bachus Eichd. 108, Percy-st Bagnell Joshua, 5, Nun-st Bailey J. 49, W. Clayton- st Barkas T. P. 26, Grainger-st Barlow J. 28, Grainger-st Bell G. 2, Harle street Bell W. J. 26, Great Market Blackie and Sou ; D. McCul- loch, agent, 2, Elswick-crt Brennan C. Trafalgar-street Brennan H. 40, Grainger-st Call J. & S. A. (nautical and chart sellers), 45, Quay CharltonEdwd.46, Pilgrira-st Charnley E. 45, Bigg Market Crowther Henderson, 16, Nelson-street rothers Bob grim-street CrowtherIsaac,Deuton-chare Dent E. 112, Pilgrim-street Dodds M. S. (and nautical and chart seller), 34, Quay Dodsworth F. and W, 33, Collingwood-street Donkin Eobert, Elswick-lane Everatt A. 82, Newgate-st Farren J. 8, Mosley -street France P. & Co. 8, Side Fordyce Wm. 59, Pilgrim-st Franklin William Edward (and news agent). Central Eailway Station, and at the other stations of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Eailway, and 14, Eoyal Arcade Fullerton & Co.; G. Pickers- gill, agent, ¥/estgate-st Gilbert J. Arcade Harrison H. New Market Horn T 32 and 33, Grey-st Johnson W. 16, Stowell-st Kaye W. 5, Blackett-street Loraine Cath. Pilgrim-street Macready G. New Market Marston J. 7, Mosley-street McKay Eobert, Pink-lane Mitford T. 8, Union -street Moran Yfm. {& bookbinder) 5, Low Friar-street Murray P. New Market Paradise W. 99, Percy-street Philipson & Hare, 26, Mos- ley-street Prinsle A. 17, Wellington-st Pringle W.S. 3, Collingwood- street Eichardson G. B. 38, West Clayton-street Eobertson J. New Market Eobinson Eobert, 116, Pil- grim-street Eutland G. New Market Sang W. 61, Grey -street Sharp Jane, 33, Westgate-st Sutton W.D. 22,Collingwd.-st Tui-nbull J. 38, Butcher-bank Turner E. 72, Grey-street Virtue G. ; W. James T. Een- frew, 30, C oiling wood-st Watson J. New Market Watson Wm.2,Marlborough- crescent, near the Cattle Market Worden T.je, Nua-stxeet Boot and Shoe Dealers Clark J. 67, Side Dixon S. 63, Grey-street Hall W. 9, Blackett-street Mclver Mary. 75, Side " Milburn J. Side Fatten Jane, 78, Side Thompson J. 12, Mosley-st Boot and Slioe Makers Marked thus^ are also Cloggera Allen J. 35, Newgate-street Armstrong J. 22, West Clay- ton-street Armstrong T. W^orley-street Atkin D. 7 and 14, Castle- garth -stairs Atkin T. 18 and 19, Castle- garth -stairs Atkin T. 50, W. Clayton-st Atkinson T. 6, Yilla-place Atkinson W. Duke-street Ai'cher James, YVestgate-hill Badger T. 20, Castle-grth-sts BalmerAlex. W. Blandford-st Barty W. Elswick East-ter Bell J. Westgate-hill Bell Eobert, White Swan-yd Bell W. 9, G allow-gate Bianchi C. 25, High-bridge Blackett J. New-road Blakey J. 87, Side Boe W. 59, Y/estgate-street Bolam J. 1, Carl ton-street Boston E. 22, Northumber- land-street Bracken D.92, V7. Clayton-st Bracken J. 6, YllHam-street Brown John Henry, 112, Blan dford-street Brown Wm. Di Sprin< Garden-lane, High Pitt-st Burgess T. 18,0yster-shell-ln Burnip A. 3, Buckinghara-st Brownhill J. Buxton-street Bruce J. 6, Castle-garth Bnglass J. 38, Trafalgar-st Barton J. Byker-bank Byers Mary, 17, Castle-garth- stairs CampbellW.52 &58,Dean-st Clark J. 86 Side, and 46, St. Nicholas's-square Clark Jane, 67, Side Clark Vi\ 9, Darncrook Clarkson Elias, 9, John-st Clyde W. Blandford-street CLASSIFIED BIEECTORY. 319 Boot & Shoe Makers— Oon^/nd!. Cohn N. 43, East Clayton-st Collinson T. JO, Dean -street Cook G. Shield-street Cooper C. 21, Pitt-street Cooper H. 14, Low Eriar-st Cooper J. 1, Market-st Coulson E. 5,Marlborough-st Cowans J.76,Nortliumbld.-st Creig C. J. Forth-st Creig G. Castle Garth Crewther T. 06, Elswick-st Crow J. 30, Terrace-place Cuthbertson J. Seam-street Darling J. 28, Groat Market Darling John, Mansfield-st Dixon G. Ousebiirn Bridge^ Dixon Saml. 60, Grey-street DouglassE. 100,E. Clayton-st Dowey J. 52, Grain ger-street Duncan E. St. Andrew's-crt. Pilgrim -street Faire Eobert, 28, Sandhill Farsey John (peg), 5, East Clayton-street Fallow E. 4, Bath-lane Fawdon H. & Son,49,Dean-st Forster W. 1, Castie-^arth Gallon J. Westgate Gardner M. 41, ColHngwd.-st Gibson G. 3, Castle- garth-strs Gibson J. 30, Blackett-st Gibson & Son, 103, Side Gibson Wm, St. Martin's -crt Gilroy I. B. 9, Edward-st Glendinning T. New-road Goolden Charles, 7, Nun-st Graham — , Diana -street Graham T. 5, Gallow-gate Grey M. 75, W. Clayton-st Guthrie M. 76, Westgate-st Handysidc G. 11, Dean-st Harland Echd.iPandon-bank Harle G. 48, Westmland-ter Harrison J. 4, Cstle-grth-strs Hedley W. 10, Blenheim-st Henderson W. 3, Spring-st Heppell T. 24, Blackett-st Hobson J. Back-lane Holmes Andw. Wellington-st Holmes J. Bath-terrace Holmes T. 6, Gibson-street Hopps W. 16, Pandon-bank Imrie D. Hanover-st Johnson E. Dixon's bldngs Johnson T. 5, Newgate-st Kelly J. Blandford-st Kerr T. 17, Butcher-bank Kidd J. Causey-bank Knox T. 3, Buckingham-st Lambert G. Denton- chare Leach J. Brandling Village Leach J. 1 6, Percy-street Learkman G. St. John's-lane Lilley T. East Ballast-hills Lodge W. Harle-street Low J. M. 22, Grainger- st Lowe H. 13, Grainger-st Lowthian William, 45, Prud- hoe-street McAlhster J.EastBallast-hils McCaw A. 6, Low Friar-st McDonald N. Low-bridge McGaw, J. 6, Sunderland-st McGee W. 4, Marlborough -st McKennaThos. Castle-garth McKie John, 3, Pink-iane,or ^Vest Walls *Milburn J. 69, Side, and 55, St. Nicholas's-square Moffat W. 17, Waterloo-st Murray Wm. St. Martin's-ct Myers Wm. Liverpool-street Naylor T. Spring Garden-ter Newmarsh N. 70, Side Nicholson W. Boar's Head Lm-yard, Westgate Nixon T. High Villa-place Nugent P. Castle-garth-stairs Pape J. Barrack-square Park J. 66, Pilgrim-street, & West Clayton-street Parks H. Blandford-street Patrick W. Castle Gaath-sts Pearson Lazen by, and tanner and currier, 73 & 74, Side Pattinson J. Bl andford-street Patton Jane, 78, Side Potter Wm. Pandon-bank *Potts G. 76, Side Eaper J. Byker-bar Eatcliffe J. Castle Garth-strs Eathbone G. 18,LowFriar-st *Eelph J. 77, Side Eidge J. E. 23, George-street Eichardson C. 69, Percy-st Eichai'dsonW.Castle-grth-sts Eiley J. 10, Hill-street Eobinson John 100, Elswick East-terrace Eobinson J. Mortimer's-crt. Newgate-st Eobinson J. 10, Upper Bux- ton-street Eobinson J. 132, Pilgrim st Eobson Thos. Wesley-street Eobson T. 107, Side Eoutledge J. 18, Marlbro'-st Eowe E. 84, Side Eutherford J. 13, Bucking- ham-street Eutherford J. 5, Hill-st Eutherford J. 72, Side Scorfield J. Castle-garth-strs Scott James, Tyne-st Scott E. 2, Oak's-place Selby E Temple-st Shield C. Westgate-st Shield H. 9, John-st Simm Jas. 14, Church-st Storey J. 48, Blandford st Straker G. 1, Darn crook Sutherland B. & Son, 8, Northumberland st Taylor George Gibson, 79, W^est Clayton-st Taylor George G. Adelaide-pl Taylor J. 1, Castle-garth-strs Taylor T. Judson-pl. Eyehill Teasdale T. Harie-st Tebbutt T. Grey- street and Clayton-street Thompson J. 10, Sunderld.-st Thompson E. 6, Sandhill Todd J. 34, High W^esley-st TuUoch Thos. Leazes-road Turnbull E. 4, Collingwood-st Turnbull E. Nixon's-place, Percy-street Ulliott J. 2, Canada-street Usher Laurence, 9, Claytoii- street-East Waggott E. Orchard-st Walker & Son, 142,Pil^rim-st Walhs E. 26, Clavton-st Vv^ardle E. 4, Hinde-st Warwick C. 17, Nun-st Watson J. 26, Edward-st Watson Eidley, Drury-lane W^atson J. Elswick- East-ter West Joseph, Wesley-st Weir W. 3, Grey-st Welton W. 4, Westgate-st Welford W'. Stepney-terrace White T. Vme-lane Wilkinson A. Vine lane Wilkinson Edward, King-st Willoughby Wra. 75, West- gate-street Wright Eobert, jNlinories Yardley W. 46, Crescent-pl 3^0 NEWCASTLE-tJPON-TYNE Box, Trunk, & Portmanteau Makers Brown W. 47, Grainger-st Ellenger P. & Co. 38, Grainger-street Brass Founders & Finishers AtkinsonJ.3&4,High Friar-st Brittain S. Bird and Bush- yard, Pilgrim street Christie Jas. & Co. 2, Low Friar-street Dove G. 2, Northumbld.-st EUiott E. and coppersmith, Pudding-chare ElUs & Henderson, and cop- persmiths, Erick-street Eraser J Scotch Arms-yard, Bigg Market Glaholm J. & Son, Manor- ch Hawthorn E. & W.Forth-bks Ions John, Neville-street Jobling C. Lisle -street Milbourn W. Hill's-place Mills John, and plumber and gas fitter, and manufac- turer of safety lamps, 5, Forth-street Murray J. Painter-heugh Nicholson G. 13, Manor st Plumber B. St.Peter's; office, 7, Quay Sutter John & Co. and plum- bers and gas filters, Low Friar-street Simpson G.76,W.Blandfd.-st Stephenson K.& Co. South-st Walhs R. 31, Pudding-chare Watson H, 19, High-bridge Wilson W. Dispensary-lane, Low Friar-street Brewers, Marked * are also Malsters. *Angus John, Stag Brewery, 41, Percy-street Aitchison and Co. 19, East Clayton-street Baker W. G. Dispensary -lane Banks J. 29, Side Bell M. Bird-in-Bush-yard Bells, Eobson, & Co. North- shore Brown C. Close Brown G. 74, Close Carr John, Brown Jug Inn, Stepney-bank Clark J. 1, Painter-heugh Cole W. 8, Low Friar-street Cooper James Melbourne-st Dunn H. Old Market-laoe Eltrin.i;ham Wm. Castle-st. *Fletcher R. Hanover-square Ford C. Milk Market Hemsley Thomas, and inn- keeper, Green Tree Inn, Scotswood-road *Hackworth Prud. Cowgate Haslam L, 1, Albert-place *HornsbyT. 41, Close Hunter W. Brewery-bank Johnson G. Bjker-bank Mackey Lawrence, Arthur's- hill; ho.EastClayton-street Miher W. Stag Brewery, Croft-strest McKelvinGavin,Douglas-ter. Arthur's-hill Moat George T. 67, North- umberland- street * Naters R. Sandy ford Nevison Thos. 26, Pilgrim-st Patton R. 10, Marlbro'-cres Pearson H. Brewery-bank Ritzema R. Shieldfield Rowell J. 4, Tyne Bridge-end Sanderson J. Sandy ford- lane Southern Geo. 95, Percy-st Stevenson R. S. 25, West- moreland-lane Storey E. and Son, West- moreland-lane Taylor J. High Friar-street Teasdale W. Grinding-chare Thompson T. & M. Manor Brewery, Blanor-chare Tweddell T. Saville-court & at Walker * Welford W. Burn-bank Wilkinson G. Westgate-hill Bricklayers Peacock T. Buxton-street Richardson G. Byker-buildgs WallaceJ.71,West Clayton-st Brick Manufacturers Marked * are also Tile Manfrs, BarrasS. & Co. 113, Side Call R. 42, Northumberld.-st Day T. Sandyford-lane Finley J. St. Ann's Red Barns, and Low Elswick Hall John & William, & tile, Ballast-hills * Harriman W. Carlisle Old Station Holmes W. H. Scotswood-rd Hutchinson I. H. & Co. fire, Dent's-hole ; office, 28, Quay-side Jefferson & Douglas, Todd's» nook Lister Ralph, and firebrick, &c. Scotswood Scott W. St. Lawrence Spoor Edward, and draining tiles, & dealer in cement, plasterj&c.Hanover-square • Turner H. Low Heaton Brokers -Stock and Share Angus Silas& Co.24, Dean-st Benson J. 16, Market-street ChallonerJ. S. 27, Deau-st Dickinson T. F. & Co. 24, Dean-street Drewry & Richardson, 50, Dean -street Fordyce W. Pilgrim-street Honeyman&Co. Painter-hgh Kii-npster J. & J. 35, Sandhill Robson G. 34, Mosley-street Brokers.— Ship & Insurance Apenes Andw. Three Indian Kings -court Barker J. Three Indian Kings- court Beckwith GeorgeW. and mer- chant and ship OAvner, Tyne Bridge-end Beldon G. jun. 29, Quay Bell A. F. 16, Quay Blackbird & Hunter, 29, Qy Boldemann, Borries, and Co. 5, Quay Brandling W. & Co. 33, Quay Bratt R. & Co. 35, Broad-ch Briggs W. J. Fenwick-entry Brown John H. jun. Rew- castle-chare Burnett Robert, 26, Quayside Caldwell R. 55, Quay Carr L. S. 34, Broad-chare Charante A. 14, Broad-char Clay W. 32, Quay Clenientson C. and Co. 23, Sandhill Cooper John, 33, Quajt CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 321 Brokers, &,o.~ Continued. Coppock H. 33, Quay Cowan W. W. 29, Quay Day T. and Co. 62, Quay Dickinson William, & general commission merchant, 88, Quay-side ; house, 20jCum- berland-row Doeg & Skelton, 12, Broad-ch Dunn C. W. 76, Quay Ewbank M. Three Indian Kings-court Tell E. & Co. 35, Broad-chare Forster and Holmes, Three ■ Indian Kings'-conrt Forster J. Three Indian Kings court Gray Gr. 51, Quay Greenwell & Son, Eewcastle- chare Grey J. B. & Co. 38, Broad-ch Grey W, J. 75, Quay Hair J. & Co. 21, Quay Hall J. and Co. 11, Quay Hamond C. F. 113, Side Hansen P. Fenwick's-entry Harding Yf. I. Three Indian Kings-court Harle John and Son, 8, Quay-side Harrison CaiT and Co. 32, Broad-chare HasweU S. Yf. 32, Quay Heald J. and Co. 37, Quay Herring J. 58, Quay Hilly ard Benjamin, junr. and commission agent, &c. 36, Quay-side Flodgson G. 21, Quay- side Hodgson R. W. 33, Quay Hollenius & Sheardown, 33, Quay-side Hutchinson W. J. Three Indian Kings-court Hulsenbos, Harrison & Co. 3-, Broad-chare Ingo and Hopper, Three Indian Kings-court Jackson C. F. 37, Quay Jameson E. Plummer's-ch Jobling J. 19, Quay Jobson Brothers and Co. 77, Quay Kimpster J. & J. 35, Sandhill Lange Brothers, Three In- dian Kings-court La>Yrence J.- jun. 55, Quay Losh, Wilson, & Bell, 37, Qy Lotinga S. M. & Co. 62, Quay Meier E. 5, Broad-chare Middleton J. 14, Quay Mork H. P. 62, Quay Morrison Wm. 113, Side Moss J. 32, Broad-chare Nelson H. 32, Quay Oley C. Rewcastle-chare Ormston J. 58, Quay Ormston P. 58, Quay Palmer G. & C. M. 29, Quay Parker A. & Co. 50, Quay Pattinson Thomas & Co. and Australian emigration agents, &c. Three Indian Kings-court PickersgiU & Co. 2, Sandhill Plues W. M. 51, Quay Plummer Matthew & Co. 39, Quay-side Potts J. 1, Broad-chare Eedshaw & Eidley, 15, Quay Eeid Thomas, 33, Quay EeDoldson & Farley, 33, Quay Eidley J. & Son, 34, Quay Eussell Eobt. C. 1, Sandhill ; ho. Craig Hall Saniter Ludwig & Co. 89, Broad-chare Scott James J. 69, Quayside; ho. 27, Eldon-st Shield F. & Co. 67, Quay Shield J. Son, & Co. Trinity- chare Smith C. & Son, 1, Broad-ch Southern Yf. Eewcastle-ch Staniford & ElUott, Broad-ch Stevenson A. S. & Co. 1, Sandhill Strachan J. 33, Broad-chare Svensden & Johnson, Three Indian Kings-court Swanston W. 47, Quay Taylorson Ebt. Three Indian Kings-court Temperley & Springmann (successors to Eeid & Co.), 21, Quayside Thomson W, G. 35, Broad-ch TuUy & Co. 33, Quayside Turner J.Three Indian Kings court Usher Eobert (colonial), Manor-chare Waters B. Three Indian Kings-com't Y^alker T. Burn-bank Watson Eobert L. 26, Quay- side West C. 59, Quay-side Wilkin J. 50, Quay Yv'ilson G. A. Three Indian Kings-court Winn J. M. & Co. Trinity-cli Wmgard H. & Co. Three Indian Kings-court Wynands W. J. Three Indian Kings-court Brusli & Mop Mamifacturers and Dealers Allan W. 14, Cloth Market Cooper E. 84, W. Clayton st Foote Wm. 46, Percy-street Gregg J. Dean court Harrison J. & H. 31, Dean-st and High-st. Gateshead Harrison T. 22, Side Laidlow Eobert & Co. (and hair seating'), 48, Pilgrim- street, and Clavering-place Nicholson W. & E. 22, Pil- grim-street Eougier J. (hair brush only) , 10, Grey-street Telford J. & Sou, Morrison's court. Groat Market Thomson J. 61, Head of the Side Builders Alexander Thomas (and con- tractor), 10, Copeland-ter Shieldfield Allon E. Leazes-lane Armstrong F. Summerhill Armstrong T. 13, Edward-st Atkin ^Ym. Oyster-shell Hall Atkinson J. C. 1, Neville-pl Baker J. 51, Howard-street Barker J. Barker-street Barnett Heury (and stone merchant), 5, Seaham-st Bell G. Fenkle-street Beattie A. 34, George-street Burnup J. 30, Y'. Clayton st Burnup Y^ & C. (and timber merchants, &c.), Barras- bridge Call E. 42, Northumberland- street, ando3, Percy-street Calder J. High Friai'-lane Clarke Eobert, Argyle-street Grozier F. West Hi'ude-st 322 NBWOAlfLJI-UfOJT'TyNip Builders— QoiitinuM., Curry Robert (and joiner and house carpenter, &c.) ; Churchill-st ; ho. 1 Ord-st Curry Thomas (and joiner, &c.); Fleece-ct.Gallow-gate Dob son W. Manors Dodds J. Bath-terrace Dunlop J. Simpson-st Dunlop James (and mason), 25, Simpson-street Dunn W. 1, Bath-terrace Donkin H. New Bridge-st Downs Joshua (and brick- layer), 6, Strawberry-place, & Leazes-lane, Gallowgate Elhott J. 2, Wharncliflf-street Elliott T. Elwick's-lane Fairbairn R. Sandyford-lane Ferguson D. 5, Plummer-st Gibson Robert, Churchill Cottages, Blenheim-street Gibson & Stewart, Green-ct GibsonWalter, 17, Cloth Mkt Graham Joseph (and joiner, &c.); 16, Albion-street Grainger Richard, 9, Clayton- st. West; ho. No. 5 Green John, Byker Hill Grey J. (representatives of), 10, Percy-street Hall & Son, Hindhaugh-st Halliday John (and cabinet- maker and joiner), Mul- herry Inn, Thornton-street Hardy W. Stepney-lane Haslam iMkejCrystal Palace Hotel, Albert-ter. George- ^ treat Henderson T.Back George- st Hogg William, Smiths' Arms Inn, Edward=§t. Arthur's Hill How G. Temple-court, Blen- heim-street Ivison T. 3, Lancaster-strBet Johnson F. Denton's-yard, 39, Bigg Market Kirton J. Sandyford-lane Kyle J. D. Blandfor<3-st Leighton H. 6, Cottenham-st Little M. Hedley-plaee Lowry John, Ord-street Margison W. High Wesley-st Mewburn S. Pandon-dean Minnikin T. D. Wesley.st Moat Thos, 103,Blaudford.st Mitchell W. 27, Villa^place Nelles William, Leazes-lane, Peroy-sti-eet Nixon W. T. Percy-place Payne Wm. Mark Thompson, Leazes-lane Palmer G. Byker-bar Peacock Thomas, Argyle-ter Place John, St. Anthony's Potts T. Middle-st Purvis J. Canada-st Reed E.B. West Blandford-st Reed M. Bath road Ridley T. Erjck-st Robson R. Carliol-square Robson R. Waterloo-st Robson AV. Leazes-road Robson W. 16, West Pitt-st Routledge R. Picton-place Sandeison W. 4 1 , Prudhoe-st Scott Walter, Cut-bank Spoor Edward (& architect, &c.); Hanover-square Stokoe W. 3, Argyle-street Tate Clement, Gloucesterinn, 12, Westgate-st; workshop, Villa-place Tweedy J. Swinbm'ne-place, Westgate-hill Waite & Howard (and con- tractors), Low Elswick-ter Walker J. & W. Stepney-lane Weatherhead Geo. 1 & 2, St. Thomas's-st Wells Thomas, Glasshouse- street, St. Peters Wei ton J. 4, J^ancaster-st Wilson & Gibson (and con- tractors). New Bridge-st Wilson R. New road Wilson T. Minden.place Worley Matthew, Balmoral Inn, 25, Arthur's-hill Worley William (and joiner), 25, Arthur's-hill Worthy R. Park-place Wright W. Westmoreland-st Butchers. Marked ^ are Pork Butchers. Allen 0, Low Swinbume-pl. and 111, New Market *Almond J. 6, Buckingham- street *Apentschein H. 101, Percy- street Appleby W. 130^ Hew M^ket Arkley John, 12, Quay-side ; ho. 14, Stepney-terrace Armstrong Drthy.Ai'thur's-hl Armstrong W. "Waterloo-st. & 4, New Market AiTowsmith J. Cut-bank Astrop C. J. 78. New Market Atkinson Cath. 41, Els-wick East-terrace Atkinson J. R. 148, New Mkt Baines R. Tyne-street *Baker J. S. 2, Dean-stre^t, and 167, New Market Barker G. 5, New Market Barron T. 100, New Market Bell G. 175, New Market Bell John, 7, Buckingham-st Blagburn R. 17, Quay Blagburn W. 160, New Mkt. and Westgate-hill Blakley J. Trafalgar-street Boyd Robt,18, Hinde-st.West Blenkinsop M. 47, Westmore- land ter. and 13, New Mkt Blenkinsop M. jun. 153, New Market Blenkinsop W. 138, New Mkt Boden S. 27, Bayley-street Brankston G. 73, New Mkt *Brewis John, 21, Sandhill Brown A. 69, New Market Brown G. 56, Quay Brown I. 127, New Market Brown T. 28, New Market *Brugger M- 26, Nun-street, and 112, New Market BuckhamE.14, NewM^feet, and Westgate Cairns J. Carliol-placq Carr M. Red-barns Carrick W. use burn -bridge Chantler W. Westgate Charlton E. 128, New Mkt Charlton G. 67, Blackett-st. and Byker-bank Charlton L. 152, New Market Clark R. 179, New Market, and 55, Percy-street Codling J. 131, New Market Cole Robert, Canada-street Common T. Manors Cook R. East Ballast-hills *Cook T. Buxton-street Ooxon J. 98, New Market Cummings J. 134, New Mkt Cummings William, Quse-st ; ho, Elwick's-lane OMSSIPIEP |>rREGTOBT. 693 Butchers-- Con^if^f?. Curry G. 29, New Market Ciirry W. Spring G-arden-lane Curry W. E. 35, New Market, and Spring Garden-laye Cutter J. 41, New Market Dauby B. 8, Biitcber-bank Danby J. 62, New Mai^ket Dauby M. 30, New ]\Iarket Dawson R. 99, New Market Dawson W. 132, New Market Dickinson J. 80, New Market Dickinson J, 155, New Mkt Dickinson T. Elswick-street Dixon T. Gibson-street and Copland-place Dixon W. 139, New Market Dobson L. 177-8, Pilgrim-st Dobson T. A. 16, New Market Dobson W. 180, New Market Dodds Edward, Byker-bill Dodds T. 114, New Market Dover C. Ouseburn-bridge Dowse G. 114, Percy-street Dowse J. Pitt-street Dunn W. C. 86, New Market, and 10, Westmoreland-st Dunn W. C. 19 and 21, Westmoreland-street, and 57, Blenbeim-street Emmett W. Elswick Fearney E. 1, Albion-street Eeltoe J. Abinger-street Eeltoe J. F. 43, New Market Fenwick G. 162, New Market Foggin George, Sandgate Foggin Thomas, Sandgate Foggin J. 2, Sandgate Foggin T. Carlton-street Forster G. 27, Percy-street, and 172, New Market Forster W. T. 22, New Mkt Friar Jane, Sandgate Glaister G. 70, Northumb-st Green ^Vm. Westgate-hill Gibbeson J. 6, Postern Gibson J. C. Marlborougb-st and 44, New Market Gibson Thomas, Byker hill GoodbumJas.46,Prudhoe-st Green W. Westgate-hill Green well J. 8, Bucknghm-st Gordon John, Hare-street - Hall J. 154, New Market Hall J. C. 76, New Market Harrison Dorothy & G. 150, New Mai-ket Hastie A, Duke-street Hastie A. 6, King-street Hawdon G. Hare-street Hawksby F. 10, Welhngton- street, and 124, New Mkt Hawksby G. Abinger-street Ha^vksby W. 24, New Market Hedley Wilham, 130, Pil- grim-street Heather J. 68, New Market Henderson D. 1, Hill-street Hewson W. W. 36, New Mkt Hogg G. 187, New Market Hogg W. 182, New Market *Holmes S. 23, New Market, and 45, St. Nioholas's-sq Hornsby W. 40, Pudding-ch Hutchinson Mary & Isabella, 79, New Market Hutchinson T. 137, New Mkt HutchinsonW. 171, New Mkt Iveson J. 1, Carr-street Jameson J. 10, John-street Jameson J. 37, New Market Jameson T.144, New Market, and B arras-bridge Jameson Thos. 53, Percy-st Jobling Eobert, 32, West- gate-street Jobson Eobert, 107, New Market Jobson E. 106, New Market Johnson Ann, 108, New Mkt. and 85, Percy-street Jopling F. T. 2, King- street, and 161, New Market Kruse Staats, 46, Bigg Mkt Laidler J. 101, New Market Lai and Michael Christian, New-road Lamb H. Sandyford-lane Lamb H. 74, New Market Lambert A. & J. S. 22, Groat Market Lawson W. 24, Newgate-st Lee J. 34, New Market LeeE. 184, New Market Lee J.Rewcastle-chare, Quay, and 34, New Market Luckley G. 173, New Market Mackey George, Byker-bar Makepeace G. Elswick-lane Matthewson W. J. Gosforth- street, and Victoria INIarket Mills R. 29, High-bridge Mitchison E. St. Peter's Mitchison Robt. Tyue-street Mitchison R. 133, New Mkt *Moffett & Son, 45-6, New Mkt. and 10, Westgate-st Moffett W. 3, New IMarket Moore J. 181, New Market Mosley T, Butcher-bank Murtan E. 54, Newgate-street Musgrove T. Dixon's-bldnga Newlands J, 2, Gosforth-st. and 60, Close Nichol J. 49, New Market Noble G. 33, New Market *Norris H. 73, Newgate-st Oliver W. Thornton-street Parker E. 151. Nevv Market Parker T. 20, Buckingham-st Patrick William, Tyne-street Patrick W. 147, New Market Patterson J. 183, New Mkt Patterson J. D. Victoria Mkt Patterson E. 146, New Mkt Pattison W. 129, New Market Pitloh G. Milk Mkt. Sandgate Eamage A. 1, New Market, and 17, Spring Garden-ter Eamsay J. Stock-bridge Eamsay Thomas, Groohed Billet, Elswick Eatcliff T. 120, New Market Eatcliff W. 70, New Market Eatcliffe G. 166, New Market Rennison H. 165, New Mkt. and Temple-street Eickelton Hanh, 9,Westgate- street, and 168, New Mkt Robinson J, Sandgate Robinson J. 28, Westgate-st. and 157, New Market Robson G. 39, New Market Robson J. Marlborough-st Robson J. 163, New Market Robson T. Back-row Rowley F. 102, New Market Rowley E. 1 7 6, Pilgrim street Eutherford W. Prudhoe-pl Evder G. 20, New Market Eyder J. 126, New Market Sambidge Wilham, St. An- thony's Soarth John, St.Peter's, Quay Scott Andrew,Mftiden's-walk- street, and 117, New Mkt Scott E. 77, New Market, and Artliur's liill Scott J. 67, Now Market Scott R. St. Peter's Scott W. 7, New Market 324 KEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE 'BvLtchevs— Continued. Scott Eobert, St. Anthony's, AYalker and Bill Quay Simpson J. 26, New Market Slater Henry, Gribson-street Smith G-. 42, New Market, and Gibson-street Smith Marv, 164, New Makt Southern W. 159, New Makt Spraggon E. 121, Nev/ Makt Stephenson C. 176, New Mkt Stephenson J. 169, New Mkt and 71, Percy- street Stephenson W.177,New Mkt Stewart Eobert (and cattle dealer) 24,Marlborough-st Stewart T. 170, New Market Stewart W. Shield-street Storey E. lGl,Pilgrim-st Storey E. Spicer-lane, Quay, and 87-88, New Market Sutherland J. 8, New Mrkt Sutherland E. Churchill-st Summer^dllY\^ 145, NewMkt Swan E. 6 & 38, New Mkt Swan W. 56, New Market Taylor G. Y\^est Pitt-street Taylor E. E. 15, New Mrkt. & 21, Westmoreland-st Taylor Thomas E, Harle st Taylor W. Manors Taylor W. Victoria Market Thew E. 186, New Markef Thew J. 125, New Market Thirl well E. 136, New Mrkt Thompson James & William Plummer's-row, St. Law- rence, & 16, Hinde-street, Scotswood-road Thompson E. 10, New Mrkt ThompsonStephen,7, Spring Garden-terrace Thompson Thos. (cfcfarmer) 7, Spring Garden-terrace Thornton E. 5, Iving-st Todd T. 48, New Market Todd T. J. St. Peter's and St. Anthony's Towns J. Manor -chare Towns M.MHkMkt.Sandgate Turnbtdl E. 31, New Market Turnbull J. 75, New Market Tyson John, 27, Close Urwin E. 63, New Market, and Broad-chare Usher J. New-road Walton J. 9, New Market Watson Thos. 2, Diana-st Watson Jane, 21, New Mkt Weddle E. 21, Pilgrim-st Wheatley Pamella, 44, Quay- side, & 30, Bridge-street, Gateshead Wheldon Ellen, Churchill st Whitehead T. 9, LowFriar-st Whitfield Ann, New Mrkt Wilkinson Wm. Byker-bank Wilson G. 27, New IMarket Wilson E. 21, Groat Market Wilson Vi. 118, New Mrkt Wright E. M. 17, New Mkt Butter and Egg Dealers See also Gheeseviongers and Bacon Factors. Black Mrs. 1, Plummer-st Grieves Ann, New Market LeightonW.B. 7,Grainger-st McSlderry B. 20, Pudding-ch Messenger J. 21, H. Friar-st Sterling J. 110, New Mrkt. & Stowell-street Thompson E. Carliol-place, and New Mai'ket Cabinet Makers and Joiners See also Joiners d: Carpenters Amry G.Clayton's-ct. Pilg.-st Anderson J. 56,Percy-st. and Erick-street Anderson Wra. 102, Percy- st Angus H. 42, W. Clayton st Angus J.C.22,Buckingham-st Arnot & Smith, 92, Percy-st. and Leazes-lane Balmer A. 15, Princess-st Barker John (and uphols- terer) 20, Vine-lane Barron A, F. Thornton-street and 26, Clayton-street Batey J. Close Bellerby J. Back George-st Bordon Cuth. 13, High Bdg Brown J. 18, Low Friar-st Cairns J. Croft-street Cairns G. 24, Pilgrim-street Calder Jas. Fligh Friar-lane Carr J. 128, Pilgrim-street Carr W. 16, High Friar-st Clark G. High Friar-lane Clark G. 42, Percy-street Clark ^Y. 78, Pilgrim-street Codling Wm. Back Hill-st Craig F. 58, Groat Market Cranston E. 104, Pilgrim-st Crawford Vl. Pine Apple Inn, 47, Westgate Crowther David,White Hart- yard, Cloth Market Davison T. 18, Westmorld. st Dobson W. Manors Dotchin T. 77, Pilgrim-st Doudass G. 14, Cloth Mrkt Dryden J. 45, W. Clayton-st Douglas Thomas (and fur- niture broker) 18, Lower Buxton-street Dunlop W. 30, PilgT-im-st Dunning W.Crownlnn-yard, Westgate Easton J. Dog-bank Edgar J. 180, Piigrim-sfreet Farthing J. 31, Blackett-st Forster W. 107, Pilgrim-st Garbutt W. Bk. St. Janies's-st Gibson Jas. High Friar-lane Graham J. 16, Albion street Graham J. 186, Pilgrim-st Hall John, 108, Percy-street Hall T. 32, Pilgrim-street Halliday John (and builder) Mulberry Inn, Thornton-st Hardy Andrew, Manors Hedley T. 15, Blackett-st Henderson E.67,Westgate-st Henzell Gabrl. Morrison's ct Herron G. Fleece-ct. Galwg How Geo. Temple-ct. Blen- heim-street ; ho. Villa-pl How W. Denton-court, Bigg Market Hudspeth Jane, 17, Pilg.-st Hudspeth Eachel, Dog-bank Hunter E. Butcher -bank Hunter E.Pilgrim-streetand Dog-bank Jackson W. 105, Percy-street James J. 80, Pilgrim-street Jelferson E. Todd's-nook Jones E. 14, Albion-street Kennedy Wm. Dog bank; shop. Wall-knoll Kennedy W. Wall Knoll Kinnear A. Buckingham-st Kinnear A.&Co. 58,BiggMkt Langley G. Stock-bridge Liddell C. 15,Prudhoe-street Martin W. 16, High Friar-st ISleek T, 60, Newgate-street Milbum J. Eldon-lane CLASSIFIED DIKECTOBY. 395 Cabinet Makers, ka.^Contlnd. Milbum J. 6, Hedley-place Molteni A. 185, Pilgrim-st Moor G-. 31, Mosley-street Notman J. 23, St. John's-ln Parkinson J. New-road Pescott Geo. High Friar-lane Piper C. 16, Butcher-bank Eeed J. Stamfordham-place EeawickE. 25 & r9,Pilgm.-st Eichardson Eobt. (furniture broker) Causey-bank Eobinson Gr. 74, Northum- berland St. & 23, Percy-st Eobson J. 48, Groat Market Eobson E.64,Northumbld-st Scott N. Saville-court Scott W. Pandon-bank Simpson Catherine, 110, Pil- grim-street Smith J. 28, W. Clayton-st Sop With Thomas and John ( & upholsterers & maho- gany yard), Sandyfordln; showroom in Northumber- land-street SpoorEdward( & upholsterer, &c.), Hanover-square Stephenson E. Dog-bank Stephenson T.31,Pudding-ch Taylor J. Egypt Cottage, New-road Taylor W. 15, Pilgrim-st Thompson A. 4, Pilgrim-st Thompson E. 6, Minden-st Thompson E. 126, Piigrim-st Vass J. 91, Newgate street Tickers W. Harle-street Vinycomb A. 19-20, Pilg.-st Yvalton E. Diana-street Watson I. 20, Newgate-st Weir J. 90, Newgate-street Wigham E. 17, Wesley-st Wood J. Trafalgar-street Canvass Manufacturers Bell E. 22, Sandhill Eggleston J. & Co. Lime-st Proctor W. B. & Co. Pandon- bank; office, 17, Sandhill Gilchrist, J. G. 39, Quay Cap Makers See also Hatters. Cohen F, 62, Graiuger-st Cochrane & Carse,18,Mosley- street Deutschman S. 22, Mosley-st Grant B. Low-bridge Carpet "Warehousemen Bragg C. & Co. 55, Pilgrim- street Fenton J. 22, Mosley-street Cart Proprietors Brewis E. Gallow-gate Brewis J. 5, Stowell-street Brewis W. 16, Stepney-ter Brown T. 3, Wellington-st Brydon N. Gallow-gate Carr W. 20, St. John's-lane Carver & Co. Quay-side Coward T. Prudhoe-street ClarkeWm. SlrlVm. Wallace's Arms, 48, Stowell-street Dickinson J. & E. Sallyport-gt Forster J.Old CarhsleGoods Station Frost & Co (general cartmen & porters), 60, Quay-side Gallon J. Fenwick's-entry Gibson Wm. Minden-street Greener J. East Ballast-hills Hall M. Gallow-gate Harris E. Oak's-place Hindmarsh T. Seam-street Hunter E. Orchard street Irving J. Pandon-dean Keen E. Oak's-plaee ' " Lockey J. 20, High Friar-st Lockey Jas. 27, Blackett-st Mc. Cree T. & A. 75, Quay, & 26, Hill-street Mc. Cree W. T. 7, Nun-st Miller John, Green-court Patterson J.Spring Garden-tr Pattison Sarah, 7, Forth-ter Pattison W. 66, Percy-street Eedhead J. Stowell-square, and Friars Eeed W. L. Taylor's court Eobson W. Gallow-gate Eogerson J. Back Oxford-st Simpson J. 26, Melbourne-st Stephenson E. 1, Quay-side Stabbart J. 86, ^V. Clayton-st Stoker, J. Gallow-gate Stoker W. Gallow-gate Veitch J. Oak's-place Vickcrs J. 13, Albion-sti'eet Wheatley W. 75, Blandford-st Wilthew T. 3, Stowell-street YouDg J, 26, Sunderlaud-st Cartwrights Burnup W. & C. (& timber merchants, &c. Barras- bridge Codhng W. Back Hill-street Curry Eobert,Byker-bar ; ho. Lawson-street Forster C. West Blandford-st Hogg Ealph, Gallow-gate Kirton William (& black- smith), Denton Hill-head, near Newcastle Lawson Thos. Ballast-hills Lawson Thomas, Ouseburn Lowry John (and joiner and builder, &c), Ord street; ho. 5, Scotswoed-road Pattison Geo. (and joiner) Scotch Arms'-yard Scott T. Orchard-street Wilson John (& joiner), Wil- kinson's-buildings, Step- ney ; ho. 4, Canada-street, Shieldfield Worley William, 25, Arthur's- hill Carvers and Gilders Barkas W. 40, Grainger-st Doig W. (ship) Clarence-st Hall B. 75, Pilgrim-street Hardy J. 3ij Grainger-street Hay J. 54, (jraingef^stre'et ' Ism ay E. 47, High-bridge Jobson G. 74, Grey-street King J. 1, Newgate-court Eoseltine — , Carliol-square Scott E.S. Fighting Cocks-yd Tweedy T. H. 49, Grainger-st Walker J. 46, Grainger-st Wardle W. 17, Mosley-street Watts J. 18, Percy street Cattle Salesmen Alder M. Spital-tongues AndersonA.13,Marlbro'-crsct Burn J. 7, Brunswick-place Crozier W. Bulman's-village Geekie A . 1 5, Marlborough-er HewisonJ-WJOjElswiok-row, Mitchell J. 2, ^^'est-parade Eiddle N. High Villa-place Scolt J. & Andrew (it sheep), 3, Derwent-place, Cattle Market i.Hutton & EMiid, 36, Mos- ley-street Hodgshon G. 71, Grey-street Eoyston J. 18, Grev-street Shield G. E. and Co. 39, Mosley-street *Stewart G. 21, Dean-street Wilson E. 55, Grey street *Vrilson E. & Co. 66, Grey-st Dress Makers See also Milliners. Anderson Ann,32,Blackett-st Arnett Jane, 63, Westgate-st ;iAf!cin Elizabeth, 17, Sirring Garden-terrace Aikin Mary, G alio w-g ate Atkinson Jaue, 13,Marlbro'-st ^Eagley Cath. 40, Bayley-st "Bailey Mary, West Hinde-st Bell Emma, Yilla-place .Binks Anne, Argyle-street Sinks M. Argyle-street Byers Eleanor, 6, Lisle- st Carr Ann and Jane, 6o, West Clayton-street Carr & Donnison, Clavering- place Cleugh Frances, Canada-ter CoUen Jane, 108, East Clay- ton-street Cowan Each el, 45, YUla-place Davison Jane, 90, West Clay- ton-sti-eet Dickinson Margt. Harle-st Dodds Ann, Canada-street DoddHannab, 25, Tilla- place FaulknerEleanor,61, Grey-st Eorster Frances, 7, Blen- heim-street Forster Dorothy, 42, Mans- field-street Gills ]Mrs. Wesley -street GlendiuningLydia,20,Bland- ford-street Green Margt. 13, Stowell-st Grieve Ann, 34, W. Clayton- st Grubb H. Gibson-street Gutlirie Hannah, Erick-st Hamson E. .t D. Xew-road Hall Grace, 5, Thornton-st Hedley Ann, 9, E. Clayton-st Heppell Margery, E. 62, Grainger-street Hill Sarah, Lambton-place James F. Eichmond-street James Jane, 20, Stamford- ham-place Kent Mary Sc Jane, Croft-st Lamb 3Iary Jane, Xew-road Larab Sarah & Isabella, 34, AVest Clayton-street Lynn Ann, 41, ^Y. Clayton st I\Iallabar Ehzb, Adelaide-pl Marshall Sarah, Camden-st Mather Hannah and Jane, 109, Blenheim-street McPherson Ann, 10, Bruns- "wick-place Midgley Hannah, Friars Miller Matilda, 6, Hedley-st Moody Hester, 34, Elswick East-terrace Moore 3Ian-,81,W. Clayton-st MunroMary, 10, Westgate-st Nell Anne Elizb. 19, Duke-st 2n ewtonJane,20,E. Clayton-st Pannett Mary, Wesley-street Pringle Isab. 9,Brunswick-pl Proctor Ellen, Canada-st Eennie Mary, Canada-street Eiley Dorothy and Ann, 19, Hill-street Eobinson Sarah, 11, Water- loo-street EoutledgeEliz. 5, Damcrook Eutter Lydia, 90, West Clay- ton-street Eutter Lydia, Wesley-street Scott Mary, 6, P^rcy-street Sinton Margaret, Terrace pi Smith Catherine, 105, East Clayton-street Smith Jane, New-road Stoddart Isa. E. 10, Welling- ton-street Storm Isabella, 8, Pitt-street Thompson Ellen,NewBridge street Telfor Ellen C. Camden-st Telford M-ary IsabeUa, 39, Yilla-place Walton Ahee and Maria, 27, Westgate Walton Lydia, 8, William-st Watson Harriet, 27,Shield-st Wright Mary Ann, 8, Pitt-st Drysalters Daglish & Ismaj, 34, Sandhl Downie H. & Co. 44, Sandhl Myers, Bros. Wellington-pl Usher E. Manor-chare Dyers Atkinson H. 26, Newgate-St Bradbum J. 16,W. Clayton-st Dean J. 24, Nim-street Femvick John and Son, 82, Pilgrim-st. and 58, West- gate-street Foggin &: Co. 79, Pilgrim-st Hunter E. 46, High-bridge Jenkins T. 9, Gailow-gate Jobey Hannah, 55, Gibson-st Pringle J. 12, Side Whitlock Margaret, 77, Side Earthenvfare ManttfactTirers Bagshaw Jno. & china figure manufacturer, Ouseburn Potter}-, Cutbank Burn J. & Co. Stepney-bank Charlton J. Ouseburn Fell T. & Co. St. Peter's Hollinshead J. figure, Ouse- burn Holmes John, Ouseburn Holmes J. Stepney-square Humble John, manufacturer of water closet pans, and other articles for sanitary purposes; works at St. Lawrence ; ho. Scotswood MaUng C. T. Ouseburn-bdg Maling J. Ousebm^n Maling E. East Ballast-hiUs McGregor D. FoUy Patton J. Ouseburn Sampson John, Ouseburn Sewell &: Co. St. Anthony's Wallace J. & Co. Forth-banks Eating Houses Amers J. Clarence-street Anderson Elizab. 25, West Clayton-street Baker Hen. 44, Bigg Mai'ket Bayers Watson, 7, High-brdg Belt G. 53, Groat Market Bland W. 14, Butcher -bank Falcus Agnes, Sandgate Fisher S. High-bridge French E. 37, Groat Market Henderson Maiy, 48, High- bridge Humble Ehzabeth, 24, Pud- din g-chai'e Hunter T. 87, Newgate-st Hurst Maiy, Manor-street CLASSIFIED DIRECTOEY. 333 Eating Koviies— Continued. Jackson Ann, 12, East Clay- ton-street Johnson & White,45, Sandhl Landers H. B. 25, Union-st McBean Mrs. 5,Manor-street Parker George, 37, Sandhill Patterson J. B8, High-bridge Porter Janet, 86, Newgate st Smith Barbara, 25, Nelson-st Stewart Thomas, Manor-ch Towns E. 11, Nun-street Watson Elizabeth 1, Elswick East-ter. Scotswood-road Wells 0. St, Nicholas's ch-yd Wilson G. 48, Quay Wilson E. 35, Groat Mai-ket Engineers Marked * are also Boiler Bldrs. Do. t are Locom.EngineBldrs *Armstrong W. G. and Co. Elsv/ick; office, 32, Market- street Burnett, Brothers, Spring- gardens Crawford M. Low Elswick *+Hawthorn E. and W. Forth-banks Joicey J. & G. & Co. Forth- banks Larment M. 174, Pilgrim-st * Morrison E. & Co. Ouseburn Engine Works Eayne cSrBurn,Bus}''-cottage, Ouseburn; office. Broad- chare Eoss W. M. Hanover-street Smith J. Hall's-court, New- gate-street Smith J. & W. J. Enginers, Boiler Makers, and Iron Founders, St. Lawrence Iron Works Stephenson, Eobert, and Co. Locomotive and Mariue Engine Works, South-st *TowardW.&Son, Ouseburn Waterson, Brothers, Low Elswick Wheldon J. Clarence-street Engineers— Civil Bell J. T.W. 1, Higham-pl Bowman E. 48, Westgate-st Burnett Jas, 43, Prudhoe-st Brooks W. A. river engineer, 5, Elswick-villas Gibson Thos. 48, Westgate- street Jobling T. W. mining, 12, Quay Morrison E. 11, Eyehill Thompson B. 2, Lancaster-st Welch H. 2, Summerhill-gr Engravers Copperplate, and Lithographic Printers Blagburn T. 22, Mosley-st Christie J. 2 & 3, Nelson-st Crow W. S. 96, Side Gibson M, H. 1 5,Bigg Market Glenton J. M. 21, Grey-st Joel A. 7, Cloth Market Lambert M. and M. W. 69, Grey- street McKenzie J. 40, Grainger-st Pennington & Curley, 46, Grainger street Eeid A. 117, Pilgrim-street Spens T. 8, Grainger-street Ward E. 1, Dean-street Farriers Heads J. 81, Pudding-chare Hunter A. 83, Newgate Hutton Geo. 79, Pilgrim-st Plues & King, 28,Westgate-s t & 54, W. Clayton-street Eichardson J, 79, Percy-st Stephenson C. Scotch Arms- yard, Bigg Market Winship E. Byker-bar Feather Merchants Finnigan J. 37, Side QuinP. St. Nicholas's-square File Manufacturers Bambrough M. Fighting Cocks-yard Carr G. 25, Nim-street Cookson C. E. & Co. South- street Spencer J. &Sons, Newburn; office, 78, West-street Spoor A. Hanover-square Fire Brick Manufacturers Barrass S. & Co. 113, Side Carr J. & Co. Scotswood; office, 58, Quay Cowea J. & Co. 59, Quay Hall William, & innkeeper, The Waggon Inn, Close Brick Works, Bell's- close Lister Ealph, and crucibles & chemical aparatus, &g. Scotswood Potter A. Willington-quay; office, 7, Quay EamsayG.PI.Derwenthaugh ; office, Broad-chare Eichardson J. H. & Co. 28, Quay Southerns & Watson, Tyne Firebrick works, Dunston ; office, 26, Quay-side Wood J. Benwell-staith Fish Curers Cullenford H.24, Newgate-st Miller Jn, 3,Clayton-st. East Nicholson E. Orchard-street Woodger J. 3, Westgate-st. Woodger T. & E. 29, WesL- gate-st, and Eegent-st Fishing Tackle Manufac- turers Farrage W. & Son, 6, Col- ling wood- street Pape J. 27, Collingwood-st Weir W. 30, Mosley-street Fishriiongers Atkinson E.B.7,Shakespcar- street Brown T. 64, Blackett -street Brown George, Manor-street Brunsby Thos. 85, Percy- st Carswell E. Manor-street Mosey E. 30,Westgate-street Eobinson Joseph, 9, East Clayton-street Teasdale Geo. 22,W. Clayton- street Teasdale W. 37, Grainger-st. and 37, Collingwood-street Flas Dresser Preston J. 38, Side Flint Manufacturers Charlton J. Ouseburn ElliottHenry, Ouseburn, and Heaton Flint mills Floor Cloth Dealers Fenton J. Mosley-street Morrison & Co. 11, East Clayton-street 334 K^WOAaTUE-TTPOK-TTNIl Floor Cloth Manufacturers Clark Joseph, 126, Pilgrim- street ; works, Eegent-ter Hardcastle ^ Co. 33, Bigg Market Spence & Sayers, 22, Bigg Market Flour Dealers See also Bakers, and also Millers, and also Grocery and Provision Dealers Ainsley W. 52, Groat Mkt Atldu Pv. 60, Blackett-street Baty J. 24, West Clayton-st Brown J. 47, W. Clayton-st Brown Luke, 14, Westgate Brown "Wm. 43, Newgate st Cooper Wm. 115, Pilgrim-st Fallan Wm. 34, Pilgrim-st Featherstone Eoh. 40i Groat Market Ferguson Jas. 15, Percy-st Gallon E. 33, Bigg Market Galloway T. 73, W. Clayton-st Hails W. 25, Newgate -street Hopper J. jun. 103, Pilg.-st Kitchen.John, 122, Pilgrim-st Lindsay J. 4, Friai'S, and 6, Pilgrim street Lumsdon J. 28, Bigg Mkt Marshall T. 71,W.Clayton-st Palmer J.97, East Clayton-st Patterson John, GaUow-gate Porter J. 6, Blackett-street Eennoldson E. 62, Newgate- street Eohson Elizb. 74, Pilgrim-st Eobson W. Y. 34, Groat Mkt Shipley W. 43, Bigg Market Sinton John, 38, Groat Mkt Smith T. 2, Quay-side Soss C. M. 78, Pilgrim street Stuart W. 62, Grainger st Younghusband B. 112, Pil- grim-street Flour Merchants Culley S. 29, Sandhill - Dickinson W. 0. 62, Head of the Side Temperley J. 3, Side Willdn T. 1, Close Forgemen Eayne & Burne, Ousebm^n ; office. Broad-chare "Waterson Brothers, Elswick Free Porters Frost & Co, & general cart- men, 60, Quay-side French Polisher Grieveson W. Dog-bank Fringe, Bell-Eope, and Lace Manufacturers Hails W, 31, Grainger street White M. 11, Grey-street Fruiterers and Confectioners Blake Mary Ann, 7, Colling- wood-street BridonMrgt.5,Northmbrld-st Brown Elnr. 66, Blackett-st Burnett P. 66, W. Clavton-st Burton E. 144, Pilgrim-st Clark G. 16, Cloth Market Cooke IMary Ann, 44, West Clayton-street Day T. 24, Percy-street Dewhar H. 37, Grey-street Downs Joshua, 6,StrawbeiTy- place and Leazes-lane, Gallowgate Elliott John, 6, Westgate-hl Eltringham J. 23, West Clay- ton-street Falcus A. 90, Pilgrim-street Fisher E. 68, Quay Foggin W. 28, W. Clayton-st Gardner J. Lime-street Gihb Elizabeth, 4, Sandhill Gibson J. Westgate Gibson J. J. 22, Newgate-st Gibson Thomas, Lower Bux- ton-street HarrisonWm.54,Newgate-st Haw J. Cut-bank Hay D. 1, Adelaide-place Henderson J. 84, Pilgrim-st Jackson Thomas, 98, East Clayton-street Miller Jolm, 68, Percy-street Moat A. 5, Percy-street Monkhouse Maria, 9, Quay Muras G. 68, Blackett-street Eichardson J. Neville-street Sanderson J. 101, East Clay- ton-street Slee Matthew, Nelson-street Teal George, 20, Percy-st TurnbuU E. and pastrj^cook, 15, Collingwood-street Wilson E. 16, Side Grain ger-street Yellowley Ehzabeth, 29, Grainger-street Fruit Merchants Brown John & Co. 22, Nun-st Burtchby G. P. 17, Nun-st Hodgson W. 214, New Mkt Matfin W. 188-190, NewMk Moody D. G. 77, Quay Naylor N. 18, Nelson-street Eobson E. Grinding-chare Telfer Adam, 19, Nun-street Funeral Furnishers Baptist Cath. 4, Damcrook Cook E. 5, Cloth Market Davison E. St. Lawrence Fisher Isabella, 44, Stowell-st Foreman G. 17, Grey-street Howe John, Bath-row Litchco Mai'garet, East Bal- last-hills Eamage Thos. 25, St. John's- lane Sewell & Son, 12, Percy-st Wilson Ann, 18, Pudding-ch Furniture Brokers Amry Geo. Bucldngham-st Bell Mary, 191-2, Pilgrim-st Bolam Mary Ann, 1 and 2, Pilgrim-street Bulman Chai-lotte, Dog-bank Byrne Andrew, Pink lane Cairns G. 24, Pilgrim- street Carr J. 12, Lisle-street Dalziel W. 32, Westgate-st Dancyger L. 36, Pilgrim-st Davison J. Buxton-street Douglas Thomas, & cabinet maker & joiner, 18, Lower Buxton street Dunlop Wm, 30, Pilgrim-st Edgai' Jas. 180, Pilgrim-st Elhott J. Forth-banks Forster E. 24, Westgate Forster William, Dog-bank Gibson J. 56, Westgate-hill Gilpin H. & Co. 33, Market Faulkner Francis, 97, Percy- street Graham Alice and G. 22, Blackett-street Hall Thomas, 32, Pilgrim st Herdman T. Westgate-hill Hill Wm. 176j Pilgrim-st CU^SIFIEJD DIBECTOIlt, 335 Furniture Brokevs— Continued Hobson E. Dentou-chare Hogg J. 166, Pilgrim-street Hudspeth Jane,17,Pilgrim-st Hunt H. 155, Pilgrim-street Hunter G. 90, New Market Kelly P. New-road Kenneday W. Pog-bank Kniveton J. Cowgate Lee L. 3, 5,& 186, Pilgrim-st Leech Thomas, 16, Percy-st Liddell D. 105, Percy-street Lowthin T. Pilgrim-street Maughin iM. 189, Pilgrim-st McCormick J. 11, Dog bank jNEcKie W. 187-8, Pilgrim-st Meek Thos. 6, Newgate-st Morris Solomon, 33, West- gate-st. & 29, Blackett-st MolteniAngelo, 23,High-bdg Pvichardson K. Milk Market Eobson Jas. 15, Pilgrim-st Savage Edw. White Swan-yd Scott Jno. 140, Pilgrim st Smettem Jno. Lwr. Buxton -st Stephenson E. 14, Dog-bank Taylor Gr. Adelaide-place Taylor J. Buxton-street Taylor Wm. 15, Pilgrim-st Temple i. Dog-bank Toon Margaret, Stepney Yinycomb A. 19 & 20, Pil- grim-street Wardle T. 4, Hin de-street Watson Henry, 188, Pilgrim- street Wright Elizb. 17, Union-st Furriers Bainbridge & Co. 11 & 12, Market-street Bennett & Co. 21, Grey-st Brown E. B. 50, Grainger-st Dunn W. A & Co. 13 and 14, Market-street Eox Alfred, 21, Grey street Hall W. 9, Blackett-street Harris W. 77, W. Clayton-st Hodgson A, 82, Pilgrim-st Eichardson&Coxon,28,Grey- st. &U, 12, & 13, Maiket- street Tilly J. Temperance-row, Shieldfield Waller J. 4 & 5, Grey-st Game Dealers & Poulterers Bell A, 3, Blackett-st Berry J". 19, Nun-st Burnett P. 66, W. Clayton-st Carruthers Edward & Jane, 9, Nun-st Henderson J. 84, Pilgrim-st Laws Edward, Heaton Leighton W.B. 7, Grainger-st Murthwaite W. poulterer, Westgate Noble J. 27, High-bridge Pape J. 27, Collingwood-st Peverell E. 14, Bigg Market Telfer Adam, 1, Blenhoim-st Westgate-st Telfer Adam, and general provision dlr. 73, Westgate Weddell T. 18, Nunst Wright Mrgt. Pudding-chare Yellowley E, 29, Grainger-st Gardeners— Market Anderson G. Minories Carr John, Byker-hill Charlton J. Minories Ferguson J. Jesmond Hart J. Cragg hall, Jesmond Hart J. M. Coxlodge Henderson J. 20, Shield-st Mc.Leary James & Samuel, Heaton Moon E. Wallsend Pringle W. Minories Eeid J. Jesmond Smellie J. Goldspink-lane Smellie John, Jesmond Spence William, Heaton Stephenson C. 69, Percy-st Summers J. Minories Thompson U. East Elswick- terrace German Yeast Importers Burrell J. & G. Groat Mkt Mawson J. 13, Mosley-st Thornton WiUiam Sykes, 2, High Bridge; Jno. Wright agent Ward B. 45, Newgate-st Glass Cutters and Dealers See also China, Glass, ancl Earthenware Dealers. Fenwick L. 77, Pilgrim st Hyslop Charles, wholesale dealer, Staffordshire ware- house, 65, Quayside Parry Wm, S.41, Grainger-st Rutter M. 7, Blackett-sti'eet Glass Manufacturers Byker Bottle Company, Byker Bottle Works, St, Peter's Quay, Thomas Coulthard, manager Cookson C. & Co. bottle, Close Dodd J. G. & Co. Skinner-bn Harrison T. & Co. North- umberland Crown Glass Works, Lemington Eidley Thos. bottle, Albion Glass Works, St. Peter's Swinburne E. W. & Co. plate. Forth Banks Todd & Co. bottle, Close, & St. Lawrence Wright, Brothers, flint, New- castle Flint Glass Works, Forth-street & Eegent-st Glass Merchants Douglas J. 21, Westgate-st Holmes W. H. 44, Grey-st Parry W. S. 41, Grainger-st Eeed Mary, 4, Market-street Glass Stainers Gibson J. & J.89,West Clay- ton-street Wailes W. Bath-lane Glovers Brunting A. 34, Bigg Markt Buckbam & Grey, 50 & 51, Pilgrim-st Gorbett J. & Co. 2, Grey-st Corbett J. 1, Mosley-st Dand J. Golden Lion yard Davison P. White Swan yard Douglas M. 21, Westgate-st Gibson J. 28, East Clayton- street, and 30, Grey-st Goodbairn J. 4, High Bridge Glue Manufacturers Priestman J. Elswiek; office, Dispensary-lane Eichardson J. & E. 66, Now- gate-st. and Back-lane Gold Beater ArmstrongT.Fighti^gCGeks- yard Grease Manufacturers Appleby Wm. grease and oil mcrchaut,Thompson's-crt. 14, Cloth Mai-ket 336 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Oliver & Co. Javel Group, 62, Close Eowell George, Head of the Swirle Singleton Joseph, Royal Oak Inn, Bucldngham-st Green Grocers See also Fruiterers and Confectioners Armstrong Susannah, 239, . New Market Baker Ann, 234, New Mrkt Barlow W. 192, New Market Dridon M. 7, Northumbld-st Dunham Thomas Ouseburn Bridge Elliott J. 193, New Market Fisher E. 222, New Market Fryer Jane, 231, New Mrkt Hohkirk W. 221, New Mkt Hogarth W. 235, New Mrkt HutchinsonAnn,220,NewMk Lascelles E. H. 232, New Market Marr EHzb. 205, New Mkt Matfin W. 188-90, New Mkt Miller Isab. 238, New Mrkt Murray A. Butcher-bank Murray P. 219, New Market Eutherford W.206, New Mkt Slee M. Nelson-street Smith Ann, 227, New Mkt Smith T. 225, New Market Tate Ehzb.226, New Market Wallace W. 240,New Market Watson J. 191, New Market Watt J. 213, New Market Grindery Dealers See also Curriers and Leather Cutters. Bailes & Co. 1, Bigg Market Bailes Joseph, 2, Union-st Gaul J. Queen-street Gray W. 37, Newgate-street Grindstone Manufacturers Atkinson E. 16:|, Quayside Kell E. & Co. Felling-shore; office, 33, Quay Pickering Ann, Burn -bank Pickering W. Kenton Eamsay C. Kenton Eogerson John,59,Quay-side Savery James, Forth-banks Grocers and Tea Dealers. See also Tea Dealers, and also Grocery, Flour, & General Dealers. Marked * are Wholesale only. Ainsley&Aydon,7, Grainger- street *Anderson J. Carliol-square Anderson J. & T. 39, Dean st Armstrong W. and Co. 27, Mosley-street Appleby John, West-parade Atkinson Thomas, Pitt-street Aydon k Ferguson, 114, Side Bell E. 51, Dean-street Bell E. & Co. 04, Grainger-st Bell W. 150, Pilgrim-street Benson J. & Co. 16, Market- street Black J. and Co. 94, Side Blayney A. 53, Grainger-st. Bolton G. F. 13, Quay Brewis J. 41, Groat Market Brightwen C.Grey-street,and Market-street Catcheside, Bros. 61, Grain- ger-street Catton T. 21, Mosley-street Cockburn A. 10, Collingwood- street Colquhoun W. 8, Tyne br. end Copland Wilham, Copland- terrace, Shieldfield Davidson W. 50, Groat Mkt Downing B. 78, Close, and 1, Bridge-end ElHott Peter, 21, Marlbo- rough- street Fittes J. 55, Groat Market Flocker Elizab. 11, Bucking- ham-street Gent Francis, 32, Market-st Greaves John, 9, Grainger-st Harbottle A. 10, Bigg Market HarkusWilliam, 12, Bucking- ham-street Hastwell E. 1, Nun-street Hedley Mary, 60, and 61, Head of the Side Henderson S. and E, 15, Grainger-street Herdman W. 19, Nelson-st Heron W. 36, Bigg Market Henzell William M. 91, West Clayton-street Hindbaugh J. & Co. 21, and 22, Cloth Market Howe & Anderson, Bucking- ham-street Hopper J. 47, Pilgrim-street Hotham W. 3, Quay Ions J. 71, Westgate-street Irwin C. 17, St. John's-lane Johnson & Fleming, 135, Pilgrim-street Keenleyside E. 35, Bigg Mkt Kent J. 32, Dean-street Kimpster J. & J. 35, Sandhill Kirsop E . F. & Co. 3, Nun-st and 6, Dean -street Laidler Geo. Thos. 51, St. Nicholas's-square Lam.bert G. 35, Mosley-st Longhurst Geo. 35,Mosley-st Lowes & Usher, 38, V/est Clayton -street Lumsdon J. B. 28. Bigg Mkt, Lunn W. E. 19, Mosley-st Marshall & Akinson 10 & 1 1 Tyne Bridge-end Marshall F.& Co. 52, West Claj'ton- street Marshall C. 68, Northumber- land-street Marshall W. C. & Co. 62, Pilgrim-street Miller Wm. 54, Pilgrim-st Morrow E. J. 14, Side Murton G. 2, Bigg Market Oliver D. 11, Union-street Oliver T. 7, Union-street Ord J. 1, Cloth Market Pattison T. Angas'-court Peverell E. 14, Bigg Market Potts W. M. 41, Sandhill Probert Jos. 32, bandhill Purvis A. 10, Nun -street PumprayG. B. 62,Blackelt-st Eevely Wo & Co. 60, Groat Market Eichardson H. 4 Union-st Eiddell T. 32, Mosley street Eobinson & Sons, 2, ColUng- wood-street Eobson E. 9, Bridge-end Eobson Wm. Edward, 25, Marlborough-street ♦Shield J. & Co. 62, Grey st and Old Market-lane *SmithE.A. 15, Bigg Market Snowdon J. 60, Quay *Spoor J. 149, Pilgrim -street Stephenson E. 1, Quay Sidney & Eay, 27, Grey-st CLASSIFIED DIEECTORY. 337 Stephenson W. 90, Newgate- street Stewart W. 33, Grain ger-st Stobart Joseph, 3, Grainger- street Taylor J. 4, Grainger- street Taylor J. 27, Sandhill, and 3, Nun-street Turnbull & Wood, 17, Grain- ger-street Tickers & Son, 111, Side Ward J. 6, Grainger-street Watson J. & Co. 18, Market- street. Watson E. & Son, and Italian warehousemen, 43, Grey- street Watson William, 18, Grain- ger-street West R. J. 19, Grainger-st WhichelloE.25,E. Clayton-st Whinlield J. W. 22, Grainger- street, and 2, Westgate Whintield E. C. & Go. 85, & 86, Pilgrim-street Wilkinson Eoht. 21§, Grain- ger-street Wilkinson G. 115, Side Wilson E. A. 55, Westgate-st *Yellowley W. 57, Pilgrim -st Young Alexander, 80, West Clayton-street Grocery & Provision Dealers Addison J. 11, Marlborough- street Aisbitt J. 32, Percy-street Aitken J. Westmoreland-st Alexander Jane, Manor-st Allison John, Byker-hill Allison Ealph, Lime street Allison James, Butcher-bank Allan A. 36, Low Friar-street Allen Elizb. Stepney-bank Amos Frances, 6,Butcher-bk Anderson A. 1, Sandgate Anderson T. 40, Gallow-gate Angus A. C. 36, Gibson-st. Appleby Jas. Pandon-bank Appleby W. 14, Elswick-st Appleby John, Elswick-lane Archbold E. 22, Bayley-st Armstrong Dthy. Arthur's-hl Armstrong G. 26, Bucking- ham-street Armstrong George, 95, East Clayton- street Armstrong H. Sandgate Armstrong T. Elswick-lane Armstrong W. 2, Erick-st Armstrong W. 1, Tindal-st Atkin E. 60, Blackett-street Atkinson Ann, 7, H. Friar-st Atkinson Sarah, Monk-street Averey J. Canada-street Aynsley Ann, AVest Pitt-st Bailes Elizab. New-road Bambrough M. 105, East Clayton-street Barber Daniel, High Pitt-st Bartlett W. Peel-street Bates Ann, 47, Crescentpl Bates J. 50, Percy-street Batey E. Dent's-hole Beat Ehzab. Silver-street Bell A. 3, Blackett-street BellE. 38, Bigg Market Bell E. 2, Spring-street Bell F, Dixon's-buildings Bell H. Lawson-st Byker-bar Bell J. 30, Groat Market Bell J. Pudding-chare Bell y\^m. M. Jesmond-vale Bell Martha, Tyne- street Bell T. 1, Marlborough-cres Bell W. Seam-street Bennett J. 20, Hill-street Beveridge Thomas, Sandgate Bewick E. 116, Blenheim- st Bezelly T. 57, Gibson-street Blacklock J. Gosforth-street Blaiklock Thomas, Back Elswick-terrace Blakey G. Painter-heugh Blakey W. Manor-street Bolam Geo. 27, High Friar-st Bowman John, Shield- st Bowness Jno. 42, Newgate-st Bolton E. Stock-bridge Bolton Margt. Thompson-st Bootiman J. 20, Close Bostle W. Lime-street Bowes W. 28, Newgate-street Boyd E. 14, Wellington-st Boys Ann, 130, Pilgrim-st Brewis E. New-road Bridge W. Sunderland-street Bright T. St. Peter's Brown Edwd. 23, Edward-st Brown G. 24, Blenheim-st Brown J. 35, Percy-street Brown J. Stepney-bank, and York-street, Ballast-hills Brown Margt. 5, Prudhoe-st X Brown Mat.St. Nicholas's-sq Brown E. Lawson street Brutnell T. Ponteland-ter Buchanan Jane, Monk-st and Friars Burdis E. Forth-banks Burkitt George, East Ballast- hills Burn W. Gallow-gate Burns A. 35, Westgate-street Burns Peter, Back-row Burton W. C. 12, Blenheim- street Carlton Eliza, 54, Percy-st Carse Thos. 87, Percy-street Carr A. Spring-street Carr J. St. Peter's Carston J. Buckingham-st Carter Llary, York-street Catherall J. 3, Buxton-street Chambers Ann, Back-i'ow ChambersCatherine,Nelson- street. North-shore Chambers W. St. Peters Charlton E . 58, Northumber- land-street Charlton J. Sandyford-laue Charlton J. 11, Stamford- ham-place Clark J. 9, Wilham-street Clarke E. Argyle-street Cleghorn J. Adelaide place Clementson Thos. Byker-hill Clyde Andrew, Manor-chare Coats worth Sarah, East Bal- last-hills Coffey Edward, 27, Stowell-st Coltman J. F. Tyne-street CookEobt. East Ballast-hills Cook E. New Pandon-street Cooke E. 70, Newgate-st Coppock T. 36, Newgate-st Coulson Mary, Gosforth-st Coulthard T. Postern - Coxon D. C. 77, Percj'-strect Craig Ann, Westgate Craigie J. Stock-bridge Crawford George, Templs-st Crosier J. Fenkle sti-eet Crozier E. 1, Wcllington-tcr Curie J. Nevr-road Curry Eobert and builder, Hinde-street Cuthbertson Archibald, Si, Percv-street Dady Susan, 15, Tindal-st Dague J. Cottenham-sti-eet 338 KEWCASTLE-UPQN-TYNE Grocery & Provision Dealers Continued. Da%ddson J. 15, West Buck- ingham-street Davie George, Churchill-st Davis Elizabeth, Canada-st Davison J. 18, Churchill-st Davison J. 2, Forth-place" Dawson Sarah, 26, Bucking- ham-street Deighton Ann, Peel-street Denton W. Queen- street Dick E. 7, Friars Dickson Isab. N. Pandon-st Dickson Isab. Gibson-street Ditch burn E. Lawson-street, Byker-bar Dixon Elizb. 4, E. Clayton-st Dixon Elizab. Forth -terrace Dixon W. Tyne-street Dobie Ellen, New-road Dobson Wm. Shield street Dobson L. 177-8, Pilgiim-st Dodds C. Queen-street Dodds Wm. 80, Gibson-st Dodds W, Stepney-bank Dover Matthew, St. Peter's Douglas Peter, Pandon Douglass J. Queen-street Dow J. 24, Gibson-street Downs J. 1, Leazes-lane Drew J. Leazes-road Drysdale Eobert, and flour, 4:4 &46, Waterloo-st. and 67, George-street Dunn W. Brandling-village Duffin John, Manor-chare Eclmondson E, Byker-bar Elliott Elizabeth, New-road Elhott J. Carr-street Elliott Wm.Douglas-ten-ace, Mansfield-street ElUott Peter, 21, Marlbro'-st Ellis E. 12, Butcher-bank Ellison J. 28, Butcher-bank Ellison Margaret, 3, Marlbo- rough-crescent Elphinstone J. 2,Gallow-gate Eltringham W. 2, Elswick-ln Eltringham W. Summerhill Eno Elizb. Ban-ack-square E\itt John, 91, Blenheim-st FaMey E. 10, Erick-street Fawcett Joseph, Trafalgar-st Fen-ndck Jas.Mansfield-sc Finnie A. Oyster-shell-lane Fleming E, 8, Churchill-st Fogg Ann, Spring-street Foggin T. 92, Newgate-st Forrest Ann, Cowgate Forrest Eleanor, Eailway-st Forster Anthony, St. Peter's Forster H. 22, Pudding-chare Forster Stepn. Judson-place Forster Wm. E. Causey-bank Freeman Ann, Brandling-vill Freeman I. Lime-street Furness Wm. Blagdon-street Galley Isabella, Gosforth-st Gardner G. Scotswood-road Gee Andrew, 7, Gallow-gate Gee J. Manors Gibson G. 32, Low Friar-st Gibson G. A. 26, Northbld-st Gibson J. Elswick- street Gibson Jane, Heron-street, Darn crook Gibson N. Trafalgar-street Gilchrist J. 34, Blenheim-st Glaholm Edward, 4, Pud- ding-chare Glover i^dary. North-terrace Gordon C. E. 168, Pilgrim st Gordon E. Greenhow-terrace, Elswick Gornal Ellen, Westmoreld-ln Gow Jane, Cut-bank Gowland J. 2, Bath-terrace Graham A. 71, Side Grabam Elizbth, 88, Percy-st Grab am M ary.Painter-heugh Gray Catherine, 44, Head of the Side Gray W. 46, Gibson-street Green J. Leazes-road Green W. Low Swinburne-pl Greener J. Milk Market Greener J. 73, Westgate-st Grieves Ehzabeth, ]71, Pil- grim-street Gustard E. Byker-bar Guthrie A. Carlton-street Hails H. 1, Bath-lane Hails W. jun. 1G9, Pilgrim- street, 25, Newgate-street, and Westgate-street Hall Ehzabeth (and hosier), 13, George-street Hall G. Elswick East-ter Hall Grace, 6, Thornton-st Flail J. Temple- street Hall J. Ousehurn Hall William, Shield-street Hall W. 15, Marlborough-st Halllday G. West Hlnde-st Hammel P. Stock-bridge Harcus Mary, Cut-bank Harding E. 38, Trafalgar-st Harkus William, 12, Buck- ingham-street Harper Benj. Spital-tongues Harris G. 184, Pilgrim-st Harris Eobert, Silver-street Harrison H. 26, Butcher-bk Harrison Isabella, New-road Harrison J. Sandgate Harrison John, Manors HaiTison Matthew Erick-st Harrison Thomas, 17, High- bridge Harttree A. 2, Monk-street Hawksby Yf. Fligh-bridge Hay David, Adelaide-place Hay^ William, and baker, 19, Arthurs-hill Hedley J. 2i, Hill-street Hedlev' J. Sandgate Hedley M. 14, Prudhoe-st Hedley T. Nelson-st. North- shore Hedley W. Stepney-bank Henderson G. 16, Gibson-st Henderson J. Abinger-street Heppell jMargt. Eailway-st Herdman W. 19, Nelson-st Heron Alice A. St. Peter's Hetherington Henrietta, 52, St. Nicholas' s-square Hetherington Jane, Brewery- bank, Ouseburn Hetherington Thos. Cavr-st Hill J. East Ballast-hills Hill J. Sandgate Hill Mary &, Isab. Morrison Cottages,Westmoreland-st Hills & Davidson, 79, West- gate-street Hill W. 170, Pilgrim-street Hind J. 16, Wellington-st Holt W. Thompson, Diana-st Honeyman J. 25, Nelson-st Hopper Jane, East Tyne-st HorsfieldAlex,Jesraond-vale Howard Ann, 11, Churchill-st Hudson G. 18, Cloth Market Hudspeth Cuthbert, Carlton- street Hudspeth Eleanor,St.Peter's Hagill Jane, Ingham-place Hume Elizb. 26, St. Mary's place, West, Northmbld.-st CLASSIFIED BIEECTORY. 339 Grocery & Provision Dealers Contmued, HumeEllen, Hd. ofGeorge-st "HumeE. B, NortliumberlcL-st Hunt H. 155, Pilgrim-street Hunter J. 39, Groat Market Hunter W. B^'ker-bar Huntley E. 1, Trafalgar-st Hutchinson G.120,Pilgrim-st Hutchinson J. 2, St.John's-ln Hutchinson T. 13, Welling- ton-terrace Innes W. 33, John-street Ii'eland S. 2, ElswickEast-ter Jameson J. 15, Percy-street Jeffery A. 20, Newgate-street Jefirey A. 17, Blenheim-st Jeffrey A. Churchbill-street Jeffrey J. 19, Churchbill-st Jeffrey J. Kent-street Jennings P. Sandgate Jess Charles, Pitt-street Jewett J. 6, East Clayton-st Jobson J. 23, Percy-street Johnson E. K. 6, Hinde-st Johnson Maiy, Byker-bank Johnstone Geo. Sandgate Johnstone J. Buckingham st Jopling T. 80, VVestgate-st Jones Jane, 38, Westgate-st Jordan Sarah, 168, Pilgrim- street Keil D. 7, Marlborough-st Kelly J. Waterloo-street Kenmir A. 48, Newgate-st Kilgour Sarah, Blandford-st Kirkup Sarah, Duke-street Lamb E. New-road Latimer John, Harle-street Latimore Mary, 7, Gallow-gt Laws J. Sandyford -lane Lawson B. Sandgate Lawson Frances, 7, Sunder- land-street Lawson J. H. Sandgate Leighton G. EastBallast-hls Leighton J, East Ballast-hls Lindsay J. Friars Lindsey E. Sandgate Linsley W. 171, Pilgrim-st Lisle E. Tyne-street Lister J. West Pitt-street Little James, Gallow-gate Little W. 32, High Friar-st Lockey J. 26 & 27, Blackett- street Lodge J. Canada-street Logan E, George- street Lowes J. Sandyford-lane Lowes Phillis, Byker-bar Lowes T. 14, Thornton-st Lowis W. 98, Percy-street Lumsdon Elizabeth, Head of Gallow-gate Luun, J. 73, Percy-street Maddison J. 22, Newgate-st Major Eobert, Ingham-place Makepeace G. Elswick-lane Mather Wm. Churchill-st Blathison Elizb. Gosforth-st Macuicol Jane, 36, Percy-st McGall M. Stock-bridge McCormick J. 21, Pudding-ch Mcintosh D. Baihff-gate McKenzie Margt. St. Peter's ]May Edward, Gosforth-st Mein E. 16, Buckinghara-st Meldrum Elizb. Leazes-lane Mewers T. 45, Howard-street Mickle Ann, St. Peter's Milburn J. Carhol-street Milburn T. 1, Y/aterloo-st Miller E. Sandgate Miller J. Erick-street Miller J. 23, Marlborough-st Miller Sarah Lawson-street Mitchell Alez. Trafalgar-st Mitchell Mgt. 33,Butcher-bk Mitchell Thos. High-bridge IMitchison W. 30, Prudhoe-st Moffett J. 10, Westgate-st Mole M. Cut-bank MonkhouseJ. Maidenwalk -st Moore Ann, Buxton-street Murray H. Pandon Murray J. Byker-bank Murton E.40, ElswickE.ter I\iurton Isabella,Trafalgar-st Murton M. 35, Stowell-st Musgrove T. Dixon's-build- ings. High Pitt -street Nelles C. 34, Westgate-st Nelson J. (Chapel-lane Ness J. Wall-knoll Newton E. Sandgate Newton W. 6,Buckingham-st Nichol Isabella, Manor-chr Nicholson J. 51, Percy-street NicholsonMary,Sandyfrd.-pl Nicholson Sarah, 73, West- gate-street Nixon 1). 29, Prudlioe-street Ord John, 30, Bayley-street Ormstou Jane S. Wall-knoll OrmstonW. 33, Blandford- street, Westmoreland-st Oxnard E. Sunderland-st Paisley John, St. Anthony's Parker M. Sandgate Parkinson E. Elswick-lane Patterson L. 15, William-st Patterson T. Stepney-bank Pattison G. 6, Lisle-street Pattison J. New-road PattisonMthw. 48, Percy-st Pattison Snh. 3, Low Friar-st Peacock A. St. Nicholas's- sq Pearson G. Stepney Pearson M. Forth-st Peel George, Queen-st Pentland SusannahjSjHill-st Potter G. Westgate & Blen- heim-st Pigg John, 10, Bath-terrace Pringle J. 14, Plummer-st Pye George, Queen-st Pye E, Westgate-hill Eailson Jane, 20, George-st Eeay Jane, 29, Eailway-st Eeed Cath, 19, Low Friar-st Eeed J. Low Swinburne-pl Eeed Thos. 9, Cloth Market Eeid Ehzb. 38, Prudhoe-st EennieH. 10, West Bucking- ham-street Een wicks J. 6, Low Friar-st Eichardson J. Sandyford-ln Eidley J. Close Eidley T. Queen-st Eidley Wm. 26, Waterloo-st Eobertson Geo. Elswick-st EobertsonJane,27, North um- berland-st Eobinson Hugh, 36, New- gate-st Eobinson J, P. Pandon-bank Eobinson J. Butcher-bank Eobinson J. Sandgate Eobson G. 5, Buckiugham-st Eobson J. William-st Eobson Margt. Union Mill Eobson W. B. Sandgate Eobson W. E. 25, Mailbro'-st Eochester T. & Son, 95, Newgate-st Eoe J. 24, Head-of-tbe-Side Eow J. B. St. Mary-st. Sandgt Eoutledge E. Pioton-place Eowell J. 05, Pilgrim-st Eutherford W. Chapel-lane Eutland J. 1 3, Buckingham- st 340 NEWCASTLE-TJPON-TYNE Grocery & Provision Dealers Continued. Sadler C. Ousebum -bridge Sambridge Jas. & Sod, St. Anthony's Sanderson J. 164, Pilgrim-st Scott E. 14, Pudding-chare Scott T. 4, Edward-street Scott W. Cut-bank Senior Elizb. New-mills ShawHnh. 12,HighFriar-st ShawMargt. 21, Percy-street Shell Ann, 18G, Pilgrim-st Shield Margt. 52, StoweU-st Shippen S. Stock-bridge ShrellJohn, 13, Pudding-di Simpson J. Lawson-street, Byker-bar Simpson T. 26. Pudding-ch Simpson W. Westgate Simpson Wm. Newbigin, Buxton-street Sinclair A. East Ballast-hills Sloan David, Back-row Slow P. Blagdon-street Smart W, New-road Smirk T. Tyne-street Smith A, Back Trafalgar-st Smith J. Temple-street Smith T. Manor-chare and Quay-side Smith T. 39, Newgate-street Snaith Eobert, Back Tra- falgar-street Snowdon W. J. 2&3, Percy-st Spence G.Sunderland-street Spence J. Sandgate Spours E. Wesley -street Stafford John, OystersheH-ln Stephenson David, and plas- terer, 65, Elswick-street Stephenson M. J. St. Law- rence Sterling J. 51, Stowell-street Stewart Mary, Sandgate Stewart T. 61, Newgate-st Stobbs W. New-road Story Gr. 6, Waterloo -street Story J. Shield-street Storey S. Sutherland-street Strother Ebt. Spital-tongues Stuart Mary, 32, Hill-street Summerbell J. Sandgate Sutherland Angus, St. An- thony's Sutherland Joseph, WeHing- ton-terracQ Swanson D. 52, Newgate-st Swan Wm. 13, Blackett-st Tate Ann, 27, George-street Tate Elizabeth, Hanover-st Tate M. 61, Elswick-street Taylor Ann, 32, George-st Taylor Mary, 30, Prudhoe-st Taylor G. 6 & 7, Butcher-bk Telfer Adam, and poulterer, 73, Westgate Tem]ole H. Denton-chare Temple J. Westgate -hill Thackray Mary Ann, Marl- borough-street Thirlwell Wm. Buckingham- street Thompson x\nn, Carlton-st Thompson Ehzabeth, B. 31, Shield-street Thompson G, 25, Gibson-st Thompson J. Eorth-banks Thompson J. J. Byker-bar Thompson E. Carliol-place Thompson E. Dog-bank Thornton T. St. Nicholas's-sq Tindell Joseph, 2, Gibson-st Todd W. 5, Hill-street Todd Eobert St. Anthony's Todd W. 21, Blandford-street Todd W. 7, Harle-street Toward Ann, North- shore TuUv Andrew, 8, Pitt-street Tweddell J. 14, Tindall st TweddeU Eobert, Byker-hill Tweedy J. Duke-street Usher & Elhot, Edward-st Usher G. Hedley-place Vasey W. Byker-bar Wailes Thos. 71, Els^\dck-st Wake T. 6, Wellington-st Wales T. 43, Gallow-gate Wales T. 50, Newgate-street Walker Elizb. East-parade Walker J. 170, Pilgrim-street WallaceCathrn. Manor-chare Walworth C. Sandyford-place Walworth J. 1, Copland-place Warburton W, Stepney-bank Ward E. Fenlde -street Ward Jane, 16, Stowell-sq Yv^ardlaw James, Yarmouth Flour Warehouse,32, Gib- son-street Watson Ehzb. Painter-heugh Watson G. 3, Elswick East- terrace Watson P. Blandford-street Watson Stephen, 1, Welling ton street Watson Wm. Carliol-square Watson T. Sandgate Watt John ( and Branch Post- Office), Argyle-street Watt W. Gosforth-street Waugh T. 6, Pudding-ch ai-e West Mary Ann, 14, Wel- lington-street Wharrier E. 52, High-bridge Whitehead Frances, Manors Whitfield M.Elswick East-ter Wilde Thos. High-bridge Wilkie T. Sandgate Wilkinson J. Clarence-street Wilkinson Sarah, St. Peter's Wilks C. 34, Gibson-street Williamson J. Pandon-bank Wilson A. 61, Northumber- land-street Wilson W. St. Peter's Woodger H. 35, Newgate-st Wright James, 22, Welling- ton-street Wright J. Marlborough-pl Wright W. Byker-bank Wroe James, 45, Side Young E. Butcher-bank Young J. & Co. 22, Nun-st Younghusband J. 101,Percy- street Young John, St. Peter's Young Matthew, 23,Westgate Gun Makers Bumand E. Ill, Pilgrim- street Davison W. 113, Pilgrim-st Watson T. P. 26, Prudhoe-st Gutta Perclia Merchants Angus G. & vulcanised India rubber. 36, Grey-street Taylor G. G. 13, Dean-street, and 6, Gosforth-street Taylor J. 48, Sandhill Hair Dressers Atkinson Wilham, 6, New-st Ayre James, Causey-bank Ayre E. Sandgate Bell J. Fenkle-street Binns T. 20, Nelson-street Black W. Carliol-square Bramley G. 1, Waterloo-st Chapman E. 5, Close CLASSIFIED DIRECTOEY. 841 Hair Tite&seT&— Continued, Collinson H. 75, Quay CoUinson J. New-road Dale L. Side Dewar J. 131, Pilgrim-street Duncan William, Westgate Finlay Thomas, Nun's-gate Gledson W. 73, Northumber- land-street Graham J. 63^ Close Groves E. St. Peter's Hall G. 66, Northbld-street Hogarth Thomas, Ousebm-n bridge Hutton A. 40, Newgate-street Johnson J. Hanover -street Kerr J. 163, Pilgrim-street Livingston A. Stock-bridge Livingstone E. Milk Market Lowes Charles, Sandgate Lowes Chas. 23, Pudding-ch Lowes J, Queen-street Maule J, 10, Darncrook Nay lor A. 61, Quay Newton W. 37, Collingwd-st Nixon J. 15, Union-street Oxnard T. 4, Marlborough-st Parsons E. 10, Mosley-street Petrie W. 28, Market-street Pdchardson T. 24, Pilgrim-st ichardson T. 7' berland-street Rougier J. 10, Grey-street, and 17, Market-street Stephenson Edwd. Stock-brg Stewart W. 41, Head of Side Stringer T. Folly Sutherland A. W. 34, Grey-st Tate C. Westgate-hill Thompson J, Arcade Thompson E. 9, Percv-street Todd I. H. 33, Groat Market and Bigg Market Tonar J. Forth-place TurnbuU G. 31, Westgate Vardy W. 9, Butcher-bank Vost T. Cut-bank Watson N. E. P. Blandford-st Wilde G. 56, Close Wilson B. 6, Cloth Market Wilson J. 1, Westgate Hatters Auld W. H. 34, Mosley-st Bates N. St. Nicholas's ch-yd Brooks E. 2, Nun-street Brown E. B. 50, Grainger-st Buckham and Grey, and hosiers, 49, Grey-street Casril and Vickrey, 109, Side Cochrane & Carse, and cap, . 18, Mosley-street, and 11, Grainger-street Dennis & Gillet, 81, Grey-st Feench Hat Company, corner of Nev/gate-st and West Clayton-street Henderson W. 48, West Clay- ton-street Hetherington C. 24, Groat Market Hetherington J. 126, Pil- grim-street Kent J. H. 28, Mosley-street Kent E. 40, Collingwood-st Millar J. Brothers, 1, Grey-st Peel W. & Son, 6, Dean-st Eobson, J. 63, Grainger-st Steven J. 67, Grey-Street Todd J. 50, Groat Market Turnbull W. 24, Grey-street Wilson E. &Son,ll,Market-st and Orchard-street Young J. 94, Side Hemp Merchants Murdock E. 69, Quay Preston J. 38, Side Proctor W. B. & Co. 17, Sandhill Herbalists Austin J. Low-bridge Imrie D. Hanover- street Sewell W. J. 5, High-bridge Thomas J. Hinde-street Wood J. 16, Trafalgar-street Hosiers and Haberdashers See also Drapers. Allan Mary, 31, Sandhill Atkinson E. 72, West Clay- ton-stre(t;t Binks and Black, Head of the Side Boe G. C. Eavensworth-ter Bone J. 94,W. Clayton-street Brown G. 45, Pilgrim-street Buckham & Grey, and shirt- makers, 50 & 51, Pilgrim- st, &49, Grey-street Carr T. 59, Groat Market Clark Ann, 16, Bigg Market Corbett J. 2, Grey-street Corbett J. 1, Mosley-street Coulthard Mary ,23,Union-st DeanW. M. &Co. 45, Dean-st Fawcus W. Elswick-lane Gibson J. 30, Grey-street, & 28, East Clayton-street Grey MaryAnnj59,Pilgrim-st Hall Elizb. 13, George-street Haver W. 93,West Clayton-st Hill & Drury, 18, Dean-st Jobling Margaret, 4, Side Johnson Elizabeth, 1, Cot- tenham-street McKayT.C.&J.jun.24,Sandhl Middleton Margt. Westgate Millburn J. 110 & 111, Side Morrison W. 1, Grainger-st. and 2, Blackett-street Pigdon T. W. 32, Newgate-st Potts T.A.90,West Clayton-st Pringle John, Gallow-gate Eobison Mary, 4, North- umberland-street Selkirk & Bell, 23,Blackett-st Sinclair H. 2, Hinde-street Small Hannah, 30, Sandhill Smith F. 39, Gallow-gate Spence J. 80, Pilgrim-street Stratford Mary,179,Pilgrm-st Thompson M. Elswick-lane Thompson Susannah, Pink-' lane Thwaites Elizab. Shield-st White Margt. 11, Grey-street Wilkie J. 26, Dean-street Wilson & Sons, 36, Dean-st Ink Manufacturer Forrest Joseph, and blacking, Orchard street 343 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE HOTELS, INNS, AND TAVERNS. See also Beerhouses. Aberdeen Arms, Ann Wilson, 27, Broacl-cli Adelaide Hotel, Michael Blakey, 16, New- gate-street Admiral Duncan, J. Bowmaker, 8, Cowgate Adrian Head, Charles Hodgson, Elswick-ln Albert House, E. M. Rycroft,181, Pilgrim-st Albion, Joseph. Grantham, and bnilder. New Eoad Albion, Mary Tate, Nelsou-st. Northshore Albion, E. Greenwell, 93, Newgate-street Albion, R. Slater, Leazes-lane Almvick House, Yf . Dixon, Cloth Marliet American Coffee House & Tavern, G. Luke, 22, Gibson-street Anchor, W. Boyle, Sandgate Angel, J. Charlton, 2, Butcher-hank Aquatic House, M. Taylor, Gosforth-street Assembly Rooms, T. Haigh, Westgate-street Bacchus, W. Clark, 49, Nev/gate-street Balmoral Inn, Matthew Worley, 25,Arthur's- hill Bakers' & Breivers' Arms, W. Eeed, Stoweli- square Barley Mow <£; Sailors' Boarding House, Robert Pescock, Milk Market, Sandgate Barras Bridge Hotel, T. Hirst, 1, Jesmond- terrace Bath Hotel d) Public Baths, W. Wrightson, 37, Scotswood-road Battery Inn, J. Aynsley, Forth-street Bay Horse, G. Mackey, Byker bar Bay Horse, J. Cunningham, Head of Gal- low-gate Bay Horse, Margaret Cook, Arthur's-hill Beehive, Euphins Brown, 43, Yilla-place Beehive, T. Grearson, 14, Union-street Beehive, Cuthbert Brown, 74, Close BelVs Arms, J. Thirlwell, 5, High Friar-st Bird-in-Bush, J, Henderson, 25, Pilgrim-st Blach Boy, H. Hart, Byker-bar Black Boy, J. Dunn, 54, Groat Market Black Boy, Thomas Starth, Spital-tongues Black Bull, C. Graham, Forth-banks Black Bull, M. Hoy/ey, Todd's-nook Black Bull Inn, Robert Beil, 4 & 6, YioXev- loo-street Black Bull, W. Dryden, 9, Union-street & High- bridge Black Bull, T. Bell, Westgate Black Bull's Head, Margaret Common, 72, Westgate- street Black House, W. TurnbuU, 72, Pilgrim-st Black Sxvan, Edw. Spence, 69, Westgate-st Black Swan, T. Dickson, East Clayton-st Blackett Arms, Margt Turner, 24, NTelson-st Blenheim House, Jane Muers, Marlbro'-st Blue Bell, Willliam Robinson, Cut-bank Blue Bell, Robert Minto, Byker Blue Bell, Robert Stonebank, Byker-hill Blue Bell, Richd Wardle, Jesmond-vale Blue Bell, J. Sayer, St. Nicholas's-square Blue Bell, G. Dixon, St. Mary's-street Blue Bell, James Smith, Grin ding- chare, Quay-side Blue Jug, J. Reed, Close Blue Posts, Elnr. Harrison, 153, Pilgrim-st Boafs Head, James Candlish, Westgate Boat, T. Graham, Ouse-street Brandling Arms, Ehzab. Robinson, Brand- ling-village Brandy Butt, F. Gribbin, 13, Side Bricklayers' Arms, J. Greenwell, 7, Buck- in gham-sti-eet Bricklayers' Arms, Edward Rochester, Step- ney-bank Bridge, G. Hogg, 10, Quay Britannia, E. Marshall, Churchill-street Brown Jug, G. Hind, Forth-banks Brown Jug, John Carr, and brewer, Step- ney-bank Burns Tauej'n, H. Devlin,40,Head of the Side Burns Tavern, W. Dixon, Spicer-lane Bidl and Mouth, Ralph Daiiing, Newgate-st Burnt House, J. Banks, 29, Side Burton Arms, T. James, 1, Croft-street Butchers' Arms, G. Redshaw, Butcher-bank Butchers' Arms, J. Dickson, 4, Nun-street Butchers' Amis, J. Fen wick, New-road Butchers' Arms, E. Best, Waterloo-street Cannon, Joshua Proud, Close Carlisle House, J. E. Nelson, Leazes-lane Carpenters^ Toioer, T. Stuart, Causey-bank Castle, Edward Kirkley, Castle-garth Cattle Market Inn, Jane Barron, Forth -pi Central Exchange and Neios Room, Roger- son & Hardy, 35, Grey-street Central Station Hotel, Breach & Jeffrey, and refreshment rooms, Central Station, Neville-street Chancellors' Head, W. Caisson, 38, New- gate-street Charles XII, J. Rowell, 2, Tyne-bridge-end Clark Mary, St, Nicholas's-church-yard Cleveland Arms, J. Lawson, Manor-street Club House, W. Rutherford, Eldon-square Coach and Horses, A. Hart, 23, Blenheira-st Coach and Horses, Leonard Hodgson, 12, J CLASSIFIED DIEECTORt. 343 Coch, T. Greener, Denton- chare Cock and Anchor, W. Bearup, 79, Percy-st CoUingicood Arms, J. Johnson, Brandling Village ColUngwood, I. Eeay, 35, Pndding-chare Colonel Tarlton, N. W. Tinkler, Clarence-st Commercial Hotel, George Milburn, 13, Clayton-street VS^est Commercial Hotel, W. Cameron, 35-6 Grainger-street Cookson's Arms, J. Thompson, Hanover-st Cookson's Arms, T. Mewers, Arthur's-hill Corn Exchange, J. Colpitis, 10, Cloth Mkt Corn Market Tavern, P.Quin, St.Nicholas's- sqnare Cradle Well, William Pringle, Minories Cricketers' Arms, Thomas Hewson Horn, Gallowgate Crooked Billet, W. Ptamsay, Elswick Croft Tavern, J. Co well, 2, Croft street Cross Keys, ^Y. Pearson, Sandgate Cross Keys, M. A. Watson, Head of the Side Croion, Margaret Eipley, Manor-chare Croion, John Johson, 30, Westgate Crown, G. Elhott, 8, Westgate-street Croion and Thistle, E. Piogerson, 56, Groat Market Crown and Thistle, J. BroT;vn, Bnxton-street Croiv's Nest, J. Richardson, 66, Percy-street Crystal Fountain, Y\\ McGregor, Fenkle-st Crystal Palace Hotel, Lnke Haslam, Albert- terrace, George street Cumherland House, John Fairlamb, Peel-st Cumberland House, B. Mc.Aleenan, West- gate-street Dodd's Arms, M. Nicholson, West Parade Dog, C. Dugan, St. Peter's Dog and Pheasant, Lawrence Mackey, and common brewer, 20, East Clayton-street; brewery, Arthm^'s-hill Ducroio, W. H. Atkins, Shakspeare street, and High-bridge Duke of Ar gyle, H, Watt, Argyle-street Duke of Buckingham, A. Bmnip, Bucking- ham-street Duke of Cambridge, T. Towns, Duke-street Duke of Cumherland, W. Mc.Call, 11, Close Duke of Northumberland, Frances Elliott, Carliol-square Diike of Northumberland, E. Scott, 103, East Clayton-street Duke of Wellington, E. B. Atkinson, Carliol- square Duke of Wellington, J. Charlton, 4, Drury In Duke of York, jane Ormston, Stock-bridge Duke of York, A. Sinclair, East Ballast-hls Dun Co%v, J. B. Ward, Back Eldon-st Dun Cow, W. Teasdale, Grinding-ch. Quay Durham House, J. Colpitts, Cloth Market Durham Ox, F. Coxon, Cattle Market Eagle Tavern, J. Hodgson, Diana-street Earl of Durham, J. Scott, 11, MarlboroTigh- crescent Eai'l of Durham, W. Campbell, 9, Pilgrim-st Earl Grey, W, Hood, Pallister's chr. Quay Earl of Westmoreland, J. Eidley, West- moreland-street Edinburgh House, J. Aitchison & Co. 19, East Clayton-street Egypt Cottage, J. Taylor, Egypt, New-road Eldon Arms, T. Taylor, 54, Blackett-street Elephant (& Castle, J. Cole, 8, Low Friar- fit Elephant and Fish, M. Gardner, 3, Sandhill Elsicick House Inn, Thomas Paisley, 10, Hinde-street, Scotswood-road Engine Inn, Mary Crawford, St. Peter's Farmers' Inn, Margaret Morrow, George-st Farmers' Rest, J, Bell, 51, Percy-street Ferry Boat, J. Oswald, Dent's-hole Fighting Cocks, E. Heron, Bigg Market Fighting Cocks, W. Shanks, E. Ballast hills Fleece Inn, Charles Callcott, 1, Derwent- place. Cattle Market Flying Horse, Jane Mills, 36, Groat Market Foresters' Arms, E. Wyh m, 1, WeUington-st Fox and Lamb, Geo. West, 161, Pilgrim-st Fox Hounds, Brnrd. Mc.WiUiams, Byker-h^ Gardeners' Arms, Wm. Barber, Nelson-st Gardeners' Arms,T. Pleppell, 7, High-bridge Garrick's Head, C. Curry, 24, Cloth Market Gate Tavern, Margt.Ciementson, New Quay George I. John Winter, 10, George-street George and Dra^on,E. Moore, St. Anthony's George and Dragon, T. Winship, Forih-bnks General Moore, Eebecca Hardy, 12, Spring Garden-terrace General Wolfe, W. Scarlett, Canada-street George Inn, commercial, family, & posting ; H. J. B. Carmon, 139, Pilgrim-st George IV, Elizabeth Orpeth, 34, Close Glassmakers' Arms, Elzb. Joblinn, 17, E. Ballast-hills Grey Bull Inn, Merrington John Moore, 31, Westmoreland-street, and SO, Bland- ford-street Grey Bull, Prudence BCackworth, CoTrgate Grey Horse, J. Pearson, Go, Quay Greyhound, W. D. Brown, Spring Garden- lane, High Pitt-street HaIf2Ioon, JohnH.Hedley, 3, Bigg Market Half Moon, E. jIuiTay, Byker-bank Half Moon, John Brown, Swirle, North- shore Half Moon, Jas. Anderson, Moslem-street, and St. Nicholas's-church-yard Hare and Hounds, Jos. Eohson, St. Peter's Hay Blarket, M. Maughan, 74, Percy-street Harp, Erancis McWilliams, Iving-street Hedley Arms, J. Harding, Oyster-shell-lane and Hedley-street Hexham House, Geo. C. Geldard, Forth-pl Hz&enzf a Tare?-??, E. McWilliams, ll,Kiug-st High Barlej Mow, D. Sutherland, Xew-rd Highlander, Erancis Craig, Pandon High Level Bridge, "W. Eenshaw, Queen-st Hodgson's Arms, J. Turpin, Liverpool-street Hodgson's Arms, George Bamhng, Seam-st Hole-in-Wall, An(\xe\\ MulHn, Stock-bridge Hope and Anchor, John AUison, Byker-hill Hope and Anchor, Cath. Spraggon, Eorth-st Hope and Anchor, T. Grundon, Clarence-st Howard Arms, Elizb. Pearson, Howard-st Ivy House, Yf alter Dodd, Stepney-field Jacli Tar, T. Gamsby, Kew-quay Jesmond Field House, J. Middleton, Jes- mond-field Joiners' Arms, Maiy Atkinson, 28, Percy-st Joiners' Arms, John Chubb, Gibson-street Joiners'' Arms, T. Carr, Arthur's-hill King's Head, A. W. Dinning, Blackett-street and Percy- street King's Head, J. Leithead, St. Anthony's King's Head, Michael Ford, T>rarlborough-st Lamb, E. Grundon, Tyne-sti^eet Lambert's Leap, E. A. Osten, Sandyford-ln Leazes Tavern, J.Taylor, 29,Crescent-place Lion and Lamb, Susan Cleland, 44, New- gate-sti-eet Locomotive Inn, George Wilkinson, 17 and 20, Westmoreland-street, and 57, Blen- heim-street Locomotive Inn, John Wilson, Eailway-st Locomotive, Ealph Denton, Postern London Tavern, W. Storey, Gibson-street and New-road Loraine Arms, T. Crawford, Ouseburn Lord Collingwood, T. Wilson, 18, High-brdg Lord Collingwood, Yulliam Taylor, East Clayton-street Lord Hill, Thomas Cockburn, Pitt-street and Spring Garden-terrace Lord Nelson, A. Simpson, Sandgate Lord A'eZson, Edward Lowes, Colvin's-chare Lord ive /so ?2,YulliamDrydenEast Ballast- hi Lord Nelson, G. Hall, Trafalgar-street Lo7-d Stowell, John Foreman, 3, Nelson-st Low Crane, E. T. Allan, -43, Quay Lowther Inn, G. Hudson, 24, Bigg Market Mansion House J. Bell, Close Marlborough Inn, John Common, 22, Marl- borough-street Marquis of Blandford, Elizabeth Hutchin- son, 1, Blandford-street, Westgate Marquis of Granbj, Ann Henderson, 10, Dog-bank Masons^ Arms,!). Mackenzie, 51, Newgate-st Masons' Arms, J. Dodds, 16, Y^est Bucking- ham-street Masons' Arms, J. Slater, Cut bank 3Ia sons' Arms, Y^m . F orth er gill , Ar thm-' s -hill Meters' Arms, J. Archer, Love-lane, Quay Meters' Arms, E. Fulton, 5, Butcher-bank Meters' Arms, Jolm Scott, St. Ann's-street Mill House, Y''illiam Hutchinson, Spital Tongues Mile Stone, Jas. Henderson, North Elswick Nag^s Head, Eobt. Spence, 20, Cloth Market Nag's Head, Thomas Scott, St. Ann's street Nag's Head, G. Halliday, 20, Nun-street Nag's Head,'Frances Perry, 37, Butcher-bk NapoleonJe-Grand, Y''. Potts, 32, Butcher- bank Neville Hotel, George Young, oiDposite the Central Station, Neville-street New Bridge, D. Hay, Argyle-street Newcastle Arms, B. Lumsdon, Lime-street Neiccastle Arms, J. Gilroy, Carliol- square ' 2\"ezfcflsi/(3^rws,J.H. Shepherd, Darncrook Newcastle Tavern, "W. Ylnter, 35, Butcher- bank Neio Dolphin, T. Hornsby, 41, Close New Flax Mill, P. Mulhn, Ousebm-n New Hawh, T. Baird, Ouseburn-bridge New Market Hotel, Hannah Wallace, Nel- son-street CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 845 Neio Quay Hotel, T. Wood, New-quay New Raihcay Inn, J. Cairns, Carliol-place Norfolk Hero, Elizabeth Salmon, Colvin's- chare, Quay North Terrace Hotel, W. Crawhall, North- terrace Northumberland Arms, T. Davison, 11, "William-street Northumberland Arms, J. Harding, Pru- dhoe-street Northumberland Arms, E. Braid, Heron-st. Darn crook Northumherland Cricket Club, J. Bousefield, Bath-road OakLeaf, G. T. Moat, 67, Northumherhid-st Old Beehive, M. Aisbitt, 34, Sandhill Old Custom House, E. Wylam & Co. 77, Quay Old Dolphin, John Hall, and carpenter, 37, Close Old Duke of Cumberland, John Urwin, Queen-street Old George, J. Stappard, B, Union-street Old Hawk, A. Evles, Ouseburn-bridge Old Market Hotel, G-. Hazen, Old Market-In Old Nag's Head, Algernon Akenhead, 20, Cloth Market Old Pack Horse, W. Mossman, 150, Til- grim-street Old Plough, W. B. Manners, 10, Bigg Mkt. Old Queen's Head, William Bowling, 158, Pilgrim-street Old RobinHood, A. Edmond, 27, Pilgrim-st OrcZnawce^nnSjT. &W.Bulmer,Gallovv-gate, Ouseburn Viaduct, J. W. Storey, Lawson-st Painters' Arms, Wm. Hackworth, Lisle-st Percy Arins, Anne Maria Horn, Percy-st Phoenix Inn, D. McGregor, 23, Newgate-st Phoenix, Nicholas Carr, Brewery-bank Pz'c Mcrai;ern,Thos.Davison,Cottenham-st Pine Apple, J. Parker, 14, Nun-street Pine Apple, William Crawford, and joiner and cabinet maker, 47, Westgate Plough Inn, John Thompson, Pitt-street Plough, A. Deas, Manor-chare Plough, J. Donkin, 72, Percy-street Plough, S. Acaster, Spicer-lane Plough, Gr. Penny, Byker-bar Plummer's Arms, G. Hall, Ouse-street Portland Arms, C. Eord, Milk Market Prince of Orange, Mary Gray, 9, Side Princess Royal, George Story, Jesmond-vale Prince of Wales, J. Henderson, 17. Wel- lington-street Prussian Arms, T.Dixon, 62, Quay Prudhoe CasiZe, John Doughty, Carliol-st Punch Bowl, Martha Major, Minories Queen^s Head, Wm. Hedworth, Close Queen's Head, F. Murray, Gallow-gate Queen's Head, commercial and posting, W. Miller, 71, Grey-street and 137 and 138, Pilgrim -street Queen's Head, Margaret Atkinson, Lawson- street, Byker-bar Queen's Hotel, Isabella Joyce, 20, West Clayton-street Queen Victoria, Elizabeth Boldon, Blen- heim-street, Sunderland-street Railway Arcade HoteZ, Joseph Beardsmore, opposite the Central Station, Neville-st and Westgate-street Raihvay Inn, JamesWardlaw, Eidley-villas Raihvay Tavern, E. Thompson, 7, Pan- dou-bank RailwayHotel, J. Wightman, Carliol-square Ravensioorth Arms, J. Eeay, Sandgate Red Lion, Mary Stokoe, St. Lawrence Red Bull, Eobert Dixon, Byker-hill Ridley Arms, E. Newton, Pilgrim-street Ridley Arms, A. Nichol, Eidley street Rising Sun, Margaret Swallow, 55, Quay Ropers' Arms, William E. Humphrey, and timber measurer and scriever. Nelson- street, North-shore Rose and Croiun, W. Carter, 30, Bigg Mrkt Rose and Croton, J. Latty, New-road Rose and Crown, P. Coatsworth, East Ballast-hills Rose, Mary Ann Parratt, 31, Pudding-chare Ropery Banks Hotel, Eobert Speedy, St. Ann's-street, Sandgate Royal ExchangeHotel,covcvmexQ\dl, Eleanor Archbold, 2 and 3, Hood-street Royal Hotel,T. Thompson, 32, Grainger-st Royal Hotel, James Cooper, Melbourne-st Royal Oak, J. Marley, Back Eldon-street Royal Oak, E. T. Atkin, Back Eow and Bailiff-gate Royal Oak, Ann Adams, St, Lawrence Royal Oak, W. Bennet, St, Anthony's Royal Sovereign, Margaret Nicholson, Cut-bank Royal Standard, Eobert Wilson, Byker-hill Royal Turf Hotel, W. Brown, 26, CoUing- wood-street Sadler's WeUs, Geo, Pringle, Low Friar-st Sailors' Home, John Livingston, Tyne-st Salutation Inn, J. Gray, 14, Westgate-st Scotch Arms, J, Scott, 7, Quay. Scotch Arms, E. Ogilvie, Bigg Market Seven Stars, Elizabeth Outhwaite, Pandon Shakspeare, T. Gorringe, 53, Grey-street, and Shakspeare-street She2)Jierd, E. Paltou, 10, ]MiH-lboroiigh-cres SlUeldfcld House, Sai'ah Brewis, Shield-st 346 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Ship, M. Carr, Spicer-lane, Quay-side Shi}), Mai'gerT Can-, St. Peter's Ship, Margaret Oats, Spicer-lane, Quay Ship, M.Yrilliam, York-st. Eastl^aUast-hills Ship, MaryTate,Nelson-street, North-shore Ship. J. Spence, Milk Market Ship, Ann Pearson, Sandgate Ship, M. Taylor, Stepnev-bank Ship, Thomas Paissell, St. Peter's Ship, T. Gri£Bths, St. Anthony's Ship Tavern,Yi. Lowes, York-street, Ballast- hills Shipivrights'' Arms, J. Smith, St. Peter's Shipwrights' Arms, Ouse-street, unoccupied Sir Bohert Peel, Mary Ann McGraith, Tyne-street Sir Wm. Wallace, W. Clark, 4?, Stowell-st Smiths' Arms, E. Armitage, 6, Prudhoe-st Stag, Yfm. Johnson, 43, Percy-street Star, Ann iNevison, 5, Northumberland-st Spital l7in,J. Tate, Ne^ille-sti'eet Star, W. Cres^ell, Byker-bank Star arid Garter, John Eobson, East Clay- ton-street Steam 5onf,J,Mc Williams, East Ballast-hls Steam Boat, E. Bagnall,Eolly Steam Boat, E. C. Moor, St. Mary's-street Steam Boat, E. Pattison, 3, Quay Steam Engine, Mary Crawford, St. Peters Stone Cellars, Eobert Palmer, St.Lawi'ence Sun, G. Johnson, Byker-bank Sun, E. Ernmerson, 94, Kewgate-street Sun, J. Gray, Clarence-street Siai, M. Bailes, 37, Gibson-street Sun, T. F. Davidson, 59. Quay Sun, Mary Welch, 79, Side Sun, William Mason, Sandgate SunderlandHouse, Eobt. Curry,27,Qua3'-sid8 Talbot Inn, John Eitchie, 74, Westgate-st Tankervillle Arms, Isab, Dixon, 1, Diana-st Tanners' Arms, Y". Stobbs. Stepney-bank Telegraph, J. Morrison, Orchard street Thornton Arms, T, Lowes. Thornton-street j Thornton-street Hotel, J, Holmes, Thorn- ton-street Three Bulls' Beads, Elizabeth Hedley, 96, Percy -street Three Bulls' Heads, Eichard Heron, Milk Market, Sandgate Three Bulls' Heads, E. Japp, Castle- garth, Thi'ee Indian Kings, E. Blagburn, Three Indian Kings-coui't, Quay Three Jolly Sailors, Y\ Marr, and ^•iolin maker, Sandgate Three Tuns, Mary Ann Gillis, 71,Newcrate-st Three Tuns, P. ^^ilanly, St. Mary's-street The Times, James Gardiner, Westgate-hill Three Crowns, Jane Cowan and Co, 16, Buxton-street Tiger, L. Tulip, Close T7-ai;e/Zers'J?esf,Eobt. Kitchen, Jesmond-vale Turk's Head, commercial and posting, J. Brodie, Grey-street Turk's Head, Thos. Lawson, 14, Qua3''-side Two Bulls' Heads, J. Lynn, 6, Black-gate, Castle-garth Tyne Bridge Inn. T. Temperley, Bridge-end Unicorn, Eacliael Dixon, 40, Bigg Market Union, J. H. Eobeitson, Stock- bridge Union Tavern, J. Eoe, 42, Head of the Side Union Vaults, Geo. Cook, Dog-leap-stairs Victoria Hotel, Y^'m. Wilkinson, 79, New- gate-street Waggon, Y'illiam Hall, and fire brick manu- facturer, 42, Close Tr^aterloo, John Jobson, Bath-lane Weavers' Arms, W. Binney^ New Pandon-st Wellington Hotel, Eobert Carson, CoUing- "wood-street Westgate Tavern, Elizabeth Thompson, 01, Y/est Clayton-street Wheat Sheaf, J. Anderson, 2, Y"aterloo-st Wheat Sheaf, G. Hudson, 6, Bigg Market Wheat Sheaf, G. Pescod, St. Peter's Wheat Sheaf, J. Balmbra, 3 and 4, Cloth Market Wheat Sheaf Ealph Allison and provision dealer. Lime-street Wheat Sheaf, B. Brewis, Gallow-gate Whitby Anns, J. Halland, 28, Broad-chare White Hart A. Joel. 7, Cloth IMarket White Horse, B. Burn, Groat Market White House, Thomas Murray, 86, Pilgrim- street White House, M. Collinson, St. Mary's-st White Swan, E. Eowe, 17, Cloth Market White Swan, M. Cany, St. Mary's-street William IV. John Tweedy, Y'es'tgate-hill William IV. Maiy Ann"^ Nonis, YlUiam- street, St. Peter's William IV. Michael Carter, 3, Bell's-court Woolpack, Ann Brown, Marlborough-cres. Yarmouth Arms, Thomas Clemmy, St. Peter's Beerhouses AUcroft E. Smiths' Arms, Edward-street Atkinson Ann, HighEriar-st Atkinson John, 57, Bland- ford-street Aitchison John & Co. East Clayton-street 19, Barron D. 15, High-bridge Bagnall Eobert, Eolly BaiTox David, 16,High-brdg Bayes Yratson, 7, High-brdg CLASSIFIiSB DlEECtOiiY. 347 Beerhouses— Co?ifo'wwe(?. Bell Maiy, Spring-street Bell T. Railway-street Bell W. Seam-street Bellwood John, Spring-street Bennett J. Wellingtou-st Bennett Wm. St. Anthony's Blacklock John, Elswick East-terrace BlacklockWm. 4,Gallow-gate Brewis Joseph, Edwarcl-st Burrell Ann, New-mills CaiTuthers Edw. 2, Blen- heim-street Clementson Mary, 21, East Clayton-street Collins J. Broad-chare, Quay Cowell John, Croft-street Craigie Nicholas, Drury-lane , Davison P. 50, H. Wesley-st Dison James, Seam-street Downs J. 6, Strawberry-pl. and 1, Leazes-lane Douglas Wm. Forth-terrace Dryclen Wm. Tyne-street Elliot Hannah, Byker-hank ElliottG-.Hedley-st&Harle-st EltringhamWm.Leazes-road Forsyth J. Churchill-street Eraser J. V Spring-street Fuller Mary, 75, Elswick-st Ferguson James, Jesmond GibsonWalter,2 1, Nun-street Graham Thos. Ouse street Hails Eosina, 104, East Clay- ton-street Hall W. 117, Blenheim-st Harle G. 48, Westmore- land-terrace Harwood Robt. St. Anthony's Hays Mary A. Argyle -street Hedley J. 4, Bell-street Halliday John, Thornton-st Haliiday John, and builder &c. 3Iulberry Inn, Thorn- ton-street Henderson John, Forth-terr Henderson Robt. Railway-st Heslop Thos. Sunderland-st Hill Mary, Tyne-street Hopper Thos. H. 18, East Clayton-street •Hudspeth Cuthbt. Carlton-st Hughs J. Pudding-chare Hunter T. 87, Newgate-st InghamC. 41,Pndding-chare Innes W. 33, John-street Johnson Jas. 46, Blandford-st James Thos. 1, Croft-street King Thos. Oyster- shell-lane Kirkley Tho. 0. Erick street Kent Ethelbt. Spital-tongues Lamb James, Leazes-road, Percy-street Liddel D. 105, Percy-street Mackay Lawrence, and com- mon brev\'er, 20, Clayton-st E ast; brewery, Arthur's-hill McLane Bernard, 34, Pud- ding-chare McLean John, Milk Market McLean J. Fenkle-street McLeod Isab. 3, Prudhoe-st Maughan J. 9, George-street Murray John, Westgate-hill Murton E. 40, Elswick E. ter Nichol P. 27, Nelson-street Parker Jessie, 17, E. Clay- ton-street Parry Daniel, 21, W. Clay- ton-street Pescod W. Causey-bank Percy Emily, Brewery-bank Prescod Wm. Causey-bank Place T. Railway-street Porter Janet, 86, Newgate-st Proud J. 1, West Pitt-street Richardson J. 3, Pudding-ch Ridley Wm. 26, Waterloo-st Roberts John, 8, Pudding-ch Robinson Robt St.Anthony's RobsonM. 10,EastClayton-st Rodgers John, Spring-street Simpson W. Manor-chare Smith A. Back Trafalgar-st Smith Barbara, 25, Nelson-st Snaith R. Back Trafalgar-st Singleton Joseph, and grease manufacturer. Royal Oak Inn, Buckingham-street Sterling Robt. Darncrook Stimson D. New-road Storey W. Byker-bar Tate T. Villa Place-taveru, High Villa place Taylor Martin, Gosforth-st Turpin Joseph, Pandon-dean Wallace W. W. Thoruton-st Whitfield J. 26, George-st Wilson E. Pudding-chare Winter J. Blagdon-street Wroe James, 45, Side Young George, New-quay Young John, 23, Nun-street Insuranee Companies, with their Agents Aberdeen, Fiee & Life ; J. T. Edgcome, 17, Eldon-sq Age, Life, Thos. Worden, 16, Nun-street Albion, Life, H. Story, 32, Market-st. and A. Middle- mass, 15, Royal Arcade Alliance, Fire, Saml. Hed- ley, 48, Westgate-st. and T. Dixon, 80, Grey- street AlLiance,Marine5 J.B. Alex- ander, Quay Anchor, Fire, A. Harrison, 13, Arcade Architects', Engineers' & Builders', Fire and Life ; E. Mather, 76, Grey-street Argus, Life, E. Griffiths, Bank Buildings, and J. Ridley & Son, 34, Quay Atlas, Fire & Life, Pearson Armstrong, 9, Mosley-st. and T. W. Keenlyside, 16, Westgate-street British Commercial, Life, M. Forster, 80, Grey-st British Empire Mutual, Life and Fire, J. Potts, 1, Broad-chare British, Guarantee, J. Winks, 22, Market-street Caledonian Insurance ; I. Hewison, 48, Westgate st Catholic Law & General, Life, R. Leadbitter, 50, Westgate-street Church of England, Fire AND Life, W. Sang, 61, Grey-st. & J. L. Forster, 80, Grey-street City of Glasgow, Life, E. Mather, 76, Grey-street City of London, Life, J. Scaife, 32, Pilgrim-street Clerical, Medical, and General Life, W.J.Bell, Westgate-hill Colonial, Life, G. A.Wilson, Three Indian Kings-court Commercial Credit Mutual Assurance, W. Shand, Bank-buildings County, Fire, Tngledew and Daggett, 55, Deau-st. and G. Sisson, 117, Side 348 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Insurance Co.'s, icc—Coniind. Crown, Fiee, H. W.Fenwick, Barrington's-ct. Bigg Mkt Defendee, Fire and Life, J. Eogerson, 59, Quay Deposit and General Life, Peter Anderson, 19, Clay- ton-street West Dissenters', Fire and Life, T. C. Angus & Co. 9, Close DisTRicT,FiRE, J". G. Joel, 6i, Grey-street Eagle, C. H. Young & Co. 17, Close East of England, Life, Carter & Co. Arcade Economic, Life, TVakinshaw Brothers, 15, Broad- chare Edinburgh,Life, G. Wailes, 18, Arcade English AVidows' Fund, Life, "W. Fordyce, Pil- grim-street Equity Law, Life, J.G. Sto- ker, 50, Pilgrim-street Essex Economic, G. Eich- ardson, juu. 4, Union-st E quitable ,Fire,E. Y. Green, 34, Mosley-street European, Life, J. S. Chal- loner, 27, Dean-street Farmers'and General, Fire and Life, E. E. Dees, 58, Pilgrim-street General, Life and Firb,T, C. Angus, Close Globe, Fire and Life, H. V. Wilson, 69, Quay; J. War- hurton, 15, Grey-st; and J. Gibson, W. Clayton-st GreatBritainMutual,Life J. Winks, 22, Market-st Guarantee Society, S.Hed- ley, 48, Westgate-street Guardian, Fire and Life, G. Bo^vnas, 8, Sandhill Guernsey Mutual,Marine, F. Shield & Co. 67, Quay Hope Mutual, Life, E. T. Fothergill, Butcher-bank Householders' and Gen- eral, Life, L. Selby, 17, Mosley-street Imperial,Life and Fire, J. Blacklock, 62, Grey-street Law Property Assurance, J. Eadford, 80, Grey-street Law, Fire, E. D. Welford, 27, Market-st ; G. Brewis, 21, Grey-st; & E. Mather, 76, Grey-street Law, Property and Trust, J. Eadford, 80, Grey-street J. T. Hoyle, 72, Grey-street, & G. Brewis, 21, Grey-st Leeds and Yorkshire,Fire & Life, J. Drewry, 78, Grey-street LegalandCommerciaLjLife AND Fire, W. E. Brockett, 50, Dean-street Life Association of Scot- land, W. Morrison, 113, Side; and D. Graham, Commercial Bank,Dean st Lime Kilns and Inverness, Sea Insurance, J. Law- rence, jun. 55, Quay LlYERPOOLAND LoNDON,FlRE AND Life, Wm. Harle Lockey, solicitor, 2, But- cher-bank LiVERPo OL EoyalInsurance, StevensonjVermehern, and Scott, Sandhill London Indisputable (T.Pattison& Co.), Three Indian Kings-court, Quay London Mutual, Life and Guarantee, W. Wanless, 41, Collingwood-street London Union, Fire and Life, H. Story, 32, Market- street, E. M. & M. Allan, 54, Dean-street, and J. C. Swan,1.3,Northumberland- street Manchester, Fire, Griffith and Crighton, Arcade,Ben- son J. & Co. 16, Market-st. and D. Graham, Commer- cial Bank, Dean-street Marine & Tyne (on goods), B. C. Bradshaw, secretary, Fenwick's-entry, Quay , Maratime Passengers Assurance, J. B. Grey. 38, Broad-chare MedicalInvalid&General, Life, T. Horn, 32, and 33, Grey-st. and W. M. Hen- zell, 91, West Clayton-st Mentor, Life, AV. Nesham, 2, Sandhill Metropolitan, Counties, & General Life, William Loades, Butcher-bank Metropolitan, Life, T. and W. Chater, 21, Mosley-st Minerva, Life, J. T. Hoyle, 72, Grey-street Mitre, Life, J. Guthrie, 27, Dean-street Monarch, Fire and Life, E. Allinson, Arcade Nadejda St. Petersburgh Commercial and Marine, W.Dickinson,38, Quay-side National, Guardian, Benja- min Hilly ard, jun. 3 6. Quay- side National, Life, J. Watson, 11, Eoyal Arcade, and C. Heslop, 1, Drury-lane National Loan Fund, Life, Stable & Dees, 58, Pilgrim- street, and E. Y-. Green, 34, Mosley-street National Mercantile,Life and Fire, T. Taylor, 62, Pilgrim-street National Provincial, Life AND Fire, G. B. Grey, Close Newcastle General A. I. Marine, J . Ormston, sec. 58, Quay Newcastle Commercial, Joseph Heald, managing director, 39, Quay-side Newcastle Freight and Demurrage Marine, J. Fleming, sec. 52,Westgate- street Newcastle-upon-Tyne Fire, Life, and Annuity, W. Woods, sec. 6, Side New Protector, Life, E. D. Welford, 27, Market-st North British, G. F. A. Smith, sec. 14, Sandhill North OF England, Fire & Life, J. T. Hoyle, 72, Grey-street, and J. Millar, 21, Dean-street Norwich Union,Fire, Life, andANNUiTY,Laws& Glyn, 14, Grey-street Northern, Fire and Life, Thos. Eeid, 33, Quay-side, and Wm, Johnston, 36, Mosley-street CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY, 349 Insurance Co-'s, &c—Contind. Oak, J. M. Wynne, Arcade Pelican, LirE,Thos. Pattin- son & Co. Three Indian Kings-conrt, Quay Phcgxix, Fiee, T. Pattinson and Co. Three Indian Eangs-conrt,Quay,and Oc- tavius Bell, solicitor, 57, Westgate-street Peofessional, Liee, p. Hansen, Femvick's-entry Peomotee Assueance, G. B. Eeed, Bank-buildings Peoyident, Liee, Ingledew and Daggett, & G. Sisson, 117, Side Pegytdent, H. TV, Benson, Copland-ter. Shieldfield Eaieway Passengers' Liee, J. Potts, 1, Broad-chare Eailway (single payment), T. Horn 32 and 33,Grey-st KocK, Life, J. Anderson, Westmland House,Westgt EoYAX Exchange, Fiee and LifEjE. Hoyle,14,Sandhill EoYAL Faemees & Geneeal, FiEE&LiFEjJ.Eadford, 80, Grey-street Scottish Amicable, Life, J. J. Hunter, Sandhill Scottish Peoyldent In- stitution, J. H, Eichard- son, 28, Quay, and John T. Edgcomb, Ai'cade ScottishUnioNjFiee &Life , W. Chartres,74,Grey-st, & E.T.rothergill,Butcher-hk Scottish Widows' Fund, Hodge & Harle, 70, Grey- street, and Chas Bertram, Quay-side Stae Fiee&Life, J. Benson, 16, Market-street Sun, Fire & Life, Ealph Walter, 8, Mosley-st, and Carr & Co. 25, Broad-ch Tempeeance and Geneeal Peoyident, Life and An- nuity, J. Guthrie, 25,Dean- street Teaf ALGAE, Life, Thos. and Andrew McCree, 25, Quay- side Tyne Maeine, J. Anderson, jun, sec. 1, Broad-chare Union, Fiee. HenryLory, 32, Market-street United Kingdom, Cattle, G. F. Stainthorpe, 2, Marl- bro'-street United Kingdom, Life, S. Hedley, 48, Westgate-st. United Kingdom, J. C. Swan,13, Northumberland- street United Mutual, Mining & Geneeal Life, T. andW. Chater, 21, Mosley-street Unity, Fire, Thomas and Andrew M'Cree, 75, Quay- side Victoria Marine, J. Potts, sec. ], Broad -chare Waterloo, Life, W. Dickin- son, 39, Quay West of England, Fire & Life, Swan and Burnup, 50, Pilgrim-st W^E stern, Life, Silas Angas and Co. 24, Dean-street YoEKSHiEE, Fire and Life, Samuel Hedley, 48, West- gate-street ; James Ead- ford, 80, Grey street; G. Eobson, 34, Mosley-st.; & J. Clephan, 14, Sandhill Iron Founders Birtley Iron Company ; office, 71, Quay; J. H. Hunt, managing partner Burrell J. and T. South-st Clark T. Low Elswick Charlton T. Ouseburn Cookson T. & Son, South-st Crawford M. Elswick Donkin David, High Friar- street Hawthorn E. and W. Forth- banks Holmes J. Fighting Cocks-yd Joicey J. & G. & Co. Forth- banks Longridge and Co. Bedling- ton Iron Works, office, 25, Westgate-street Losh,Wilson, & Bell, Walker; office, 37, Quay Eayne & Burne, Spicer-lane Shields W. St. Peter's ; office, Eewcastle-chare, Quay Toward W. & Sou, Ouseburn Walker W. H. 88 and 84, Percy street Waterston, Brothers, Els- wick- forge Wright &: Brown, Eegent-st Wylie E. & Co. Closegate Foundry Iron Manufacturers Bulmer & Co. Tyne Iron Co. Lemington ; office, 9, Bridge-end Losh,Wilson, & Bell,Walker ; office, 37, Quay Iron Merchants Bird W. & Co. 15, Quay Bietley Ieon Company ; office, 7], Quay Bourn & Co. Stock-bridge Bulmer & Co. Bridge-end Laycock J. & Co. 55, Close Losh,Wilson, &Bell,37, Quay Mounsey, Janson, & Co. 9, Grey-st. warehouse, South Shore Eayne & Burn, Ouseburn Eobson & Hall, 3, Mosley-st Thornman J. 14, Broad-chare Wakinshaw, Brothers, 14, Broad-chare WheaileyM. &Co. Stock-bdg Wilkin J. & Co. 32, Quay Ironmongers and Hardware- men Barker and Thompson, 24, Cloth Market Boston E. 69, Percy-street Carr G. 25, Nun- street Cumming W. tlinde-street Dunn Thomas, Saville-comt Fearney N. 63, Blackett-st Hair J. New Market Hancock T. & J. 50, Sandhill Hetherington J. 67, Grain- ger-street Hills John, 11, Pilgrim-st Hunter E. 41, Mosley-street Jameson & Co. 35, Dean-st Logan D. 28, Side JMather J. & cooking appai'a- tus-mkr. 13 ct 14^ Deau-st Milburn J. 10, Union-street Miller J. 37, AY. Claytou-st Milner J. 40, Grev-street Mowbray C. M. 49, Quay 8o0 newcastle-upon-tyne; Ironmongers, &c— Continued. Peele A. W. 77, West Clay- ton-street Proctor T. 105, Side Kobson & Hall, 3, Mosley-st Wallace J. & Co. 23, Mosley- Welford Yv^. H. 37, Mosley-st Japanners Chiistie, J. & Co. 2, Low Friar-street Kobson W. Drury-lane Jewellers See also Watch & Clock Ma- kers and also Sih'>er smiths. Marked * are Working Jewellers only. * Hepburn J. 16, Saint Nicholas's church- yard * Hopton W. 48, Pilgrim-st Joel S. & N. Shakspeare-st Marks D. 8], Blandford-st * Ritchie N, 28, Mosley-st Joiners & House Carpenters See also Cabinet Makers and Joiners, cf; also Builders Allon Eiehard, Leazes-road Arnot & Smith, and cabinet makers, 92, Percy-street Atkin William, and builder. Oyster-shell Hall Bailes A. 12, Bigg Market B arker J oh n , & c ab i d e t m ak er &upholsterer,20,Vine-lane Brown Thos. Head of Love- lane, Quay Brumwell J. 15, Side Burnup W. & C. Barras-br Calder J. High Friar-lane Cantley G. Brandling-village Carr W. 18, High Friar-st Chubb John, 35, Gibson-st Curry Piobert, and builder, Churchill -street; house, 1, Ord-street Curry Robert, Byker-bar; house, Lawson-street Curry Thomas, and builder, Fleece-court, Gallow-gate Davidson J. Y/hite Swan-yd Davison T. 18, Y\' estmrlnd-st Dickson James, and builder, Albert-place, Shieldfield Dixon Thomas, Bykerrl^ill Dobson W. Manor-chare Douglas Thomas, & furniture broker, 18, Lower Buxton- street Farrier, Lawrence, New-road Ferrer J. 4, Tin d all-street Foggin Y'illiam, Green-court Forster Edw. 24, AVestgate Fothergill Y'illiam, Masons' Arms Inn, Arthur's-hill Gibson Y'alter, Y^iite Swan- yard, Cloth Market Gibson Robert, Churchill Cottages, Blenheim-street Graham Joseph, & builder, 16, Albion-street Hall John, and Innkeeper, Old Dolphin Inn, 37, Close Hardy Y\^ Stepney-lane ; ho. Ridley-street Hare Yrilliam, Scotswood-rd Henderson J. Castle-stairs Henderson T. Bk. George-st HenzellW.OldPloughLm-yd Hopper A. & R. joiners and shipmiths. Coney-close, & Nelson-street.North-shore Irving John, Yine-lane Jackson AYilliam, 17, William- street, Arthur's-hill James J. i\Iorrison's-court Jefferson Thos. Todd's-nook Johnston F. Denton's-court Kennedy Y'ilUam, & cabinet maker, Yrall-knoll; house, 10, Dog-bank LawsonThomas,Ballast-hills Lawson Thomas, Ouseburn Lowry John, Ord-street Lowry John, & builder, cart- wright, and springcaniage maker, Ord-street; ho. 3, Scots wood-road March J. Pudding-chare Mattison Chas. Cross Keys- entry Meldrum. T. 92, Percy-st Mitch in son Thos. St. Peter's Morpeth ^Y. Bath-lane Nelles Yrilliam, Leazes-road Pattison George, and cart- wright. Green-court Penman W. sen. 42, Prud- hoe-street Potts Thomas, and builder, Scotswood-road Pringle T. 15, BeU's-court Proud John, Ingham place Reed M. Bath-road Reed R. East IS elson sti'eet Richardson Robert, & furni- ture broker, Causey -bank Sanderson W. 41, Prudhoe-st Scott Yf . Pan don Sharper T. Fighting Cocks'- yard Spark J. 162, Pilgrim- street Smith & Griffin, Carliol-sq StoreyS .&Son,Dispensary-ln Tate Clement, Yilla -place Y'^aite and Howard, Elswick Low-terrace Y^eatherhead George, 1 & 2, St. Thomas's-street Y-'ilson John, joiner and cartwright, Y^ilkinson's- buildings, Stepney Y^orley YlUiam ,&cartwright, 41, Bayley-street Lacemen See also Drajpers, die. Duncan S. 145, Pilgrim-st Murray Adam, 14, Northum- berland-street Robson J. 15, Mosley-street Lamp Black Manufacturers Carr J. & Co. Gateshead; office, 58, Quay Hoyle R. 14, Sandhill Lynn R. 7, High Yilla-place Reed L. 55, Quay, and at Scotswood Land Agents and Surveyors Marked * are Agents only „ t are Surveyors only Bell C. B. 12, Richmond-st Bell J. T. W. 1, Highara-pl Bell T. & Sons, 26, Groat Market *Bolam. Y^. & G. Cross House, Feukle-street ■i-Bowman E. 48, Y/estgate-st Dinning S. 15, W. Clayton-st * Grace E. Drury-lane Holmes W. Grey-street Nicholson E. 35, Market-st * Oliver A. 39, W. Clayton-st Thompson M. Mosley-st Turner H. Heaton-haugh Wallace Robt. corporation property surveyor, Guildhl CLASSIFIED DIEECTOEY. 351 Land Agents, &c— Continued. ♦Walters R. 15,Eldon-sqnare Weatherley N. 16, Welling- ton-terrace Last and Boot Tree ETakers Noad J. 6, St. Nicholas's- cbr.rch-yard Pearson C. 26, High-bridge Eutherford C. 27, Newgate st Law Stationers Carter & Co. Arcade Guthrie J. 27, Dean-street MUes, White Sz Co. 33, Quay Lead Manufacturers and Refiners Cookson W. I. & Co. Close HOWDEN SSIELTIXG Co. Wil- lington-quay James & Co. Ouseburn Locke, Blackett, and Co. St. Anthony's, Gallow-gate, & 6Q, Close W. B. Lead Office, lM,North. umberland-street Vfalker, Parker, Walkers, & Co. Low Elswick Leather Japanners Hanison R, jun. Stepney-bk Priestman J. Disi^ensary-ln Leather Merchants See also Tanners, and also Curriers and Leather Cutters. Angus T.C. & Co. Close Boyd G. Foot of Dean-st. & Byker-chare, Quay Jobson Edwd, jun.Neville-st. opposite the Central Statn Leather Pipe & Belt Makers Gilroy J. Carliol-square Gilroy James (successor to the late Timothy Gilroy) Queen - street, near the High Level Bridge Lemonade, Soda "Water, and Ginger Beer.Manufacturers Dinsdale T. Cloth Market EUiott J. 11, Dean-street Gilpin J.(fcSon,52,Pilgrim-st Harrison W\ 23, St. John's-ln Lamb R. Orchard street McKieW.Dispensaiy-square, Low Friar- street Wbinfield J.W.22, Grainger- street, and 2, Westgate Libraries Marked * are Circulating Libra- ries only, See also Public Institutions, &c. *Bagnall J. 6, Nun-street Clerical Book Club,W.Kaye, Ubrarian, 5, Blackett-st Dodsworth F. and W. sub- scription, 33, Collingwd.-st Franklin William Edward, and news - agent, Royal Arcade *Everatt A. 82, Newgate-st *Kaye Y/. 5, Blackett-street *Loraine Cath.Pilgiim-street *Marston J. 7, Mosley-street *Paradise Vf. musical, 99, Percy-street Sharp Jane, 33, Westgate-st Lime, Brick, Hair, Lath, and Cement Dealers Makepeace G. dep6t,Carlisle Old Station Reed E. B. Carlisle Old Station, J. Blake^v, mangr Wilkinson W. B. 43, Prud- hoe-street Linen Manufacturers Bell R. 22, Sandhill Patterson J. 80, Pilgrim-st Wilson Geo. 79, Pilgrim-st Linen Waste Dealer Hartley Thomas, New-road ; ho. 40, Howard-street Livery Stable Keepers Brown J. 34, Low Friar-st Gibson H. 4, Pudding-chare Kaberry & Bilton,Princess-st Plues & King, 28, Westgate- st. & 54, West Clayton-st Ray J. JMarshall's-court, Newgate-street Robinson J. White Hart-yd. Cloth Market Robson Ann, High Friar-st Shanks T. &R 25,High-bdge Sinclair W. 65, Nrthmbrld-st Watson J. R. Westgate-st White G. New Bridge-street Looking Glass Manufacturers Bianchi Ambrose, 24, High- bridge Mastaglio, V. 23 and 24, Grainger-street Molteni A. 185, Pilgrim-st Molteni Christmas,25, Grain- ger-street Lunatic Asylums Belle Geove, T. W.Keenly- side, proprietor; sup. W. Mag all Bath Lane, Donald Macin- tosh, M.D. proprietor Maltsters See also Brewers. Angus John, 41 , Percy-street Berkeley W. Hornsby's-ch Gibson John, Benwell Hall J. Manor-street Marshall R. A. Pandon Potter Charles, Forth-banks Power William, Sandyford-la Ramsay G.H.Derwenthaugh; office. Broad-chare RennoldsonJohn,BIack-gate, Castle-garth Taylor J. Groat Market Manure Manufacturers Blaydon Chemical Com- pany; office, 20, Sandhill Colbeck Thomas L. & Co. and bone grinders, Scots- wood Bone Mill; office, 60, Quay- side Langdale & Co. St. Lawrence Ramsay G.H.Derwenthaugh; office. Broad-chare Tyne Manuee and Chem- ical Company, St. Law- rence,M. J. Cook, manager Marble Masons Broorafield J. 12, Fleece-ct Craggs R. 72, Percy-street Davies R. Erick-street, and 98, Pilgrim-street Mather J. 13 & 14, Dean st MontgomeryA.5,N.Bridge-st Pearson (Ann, widow of the late William Pearso n) marble and ornamental stone works,Gibson street. Rod Barns 353 K E WCASTLE-UPOX-TTKE Marine Store Dealers Addy Eobert, Percy-street Ai'mfield Alice, 12, Pudding- chare Bell Mary, 191, Pilgrim-st Boag J. Fenkle-street Booth Thomas, St Ann's-st. Sandgate Brand J". 15, Gallow-gate Brown G. Dixon's -buildings Brown John, Monk-street Brown William, St. Peter's Carnahy Pi. 16, "SVilliam-st Carnaby W. ChurchiU-street Chapel C. Elwick's-lane Clark Benjamin, and general dealer, Tyne-street, near the Glasshouse - bridge North-shore Carrick Thomas, Argyle-st. Donaldson D. Pandon-bank Donnison W. Cowgate Eastwood Sarah, Byker-bank Echte Mary, Tyne-street Fairless J. East Ballast-hills Fletcher Thomas & Co. New Quay, Thos. Brown, agent Forsyth William, New-road Graham F. Tyne-street Green A. Carlton-street Greener Eobert, 31, Butcher- bank; house,William-street Ai'thur's-lnll Guthria G. 24, Quay HandysideAnUjEast Ballast- hills Handyside John, New Quay Hill Jacob, East Ballast-hills Hodgson J. 17, Duke-street Hounslow G. Dixon's-bldgs Hudsonlsab. Westmoreland- lane Hudson James, and paper manufacturer, New-road Hudson James, 21, Waterloo- street, and 56, Newgate-st Hudson J. 21, Waterloo-st. and Newgate-street Hunter J. P an don, & Pilgrim- street Ireland E. Back-lane Liddle David, Percy-street McGregor D. Folly McKie W. ] 87, PUgrim-st McNelly Thomas, King-st Meynell Joseph, New road Moore J, East Ballast-hills Moran T. 4, Low Friar-street Muir James, Byker-bar Ovenden Benjamin, & waste, Croft-street Parker T. Head of Gallow- gate Pearson C. Stepney Powtoh TV. 28, Low Friar-st Eedfearn J. Elwick's-lane Eeed J. Javel ^Group-stairs, Close Eichai'dson J. 67, Percy-st Eiddell George, Ouseburn- bridge Eobson John, 38, Forth-st Eowell George, and grease manufacturer, Head of the Swirle Scaife J. Carliol-place Simmons Henry John, 3, Dog-bank Wallace T. 112, Percy-street Ward J. B. 66, Head of Side Waugh T. 6, PudcUng-chare Willdnson T. Westgate-st Wilson T. 54, Close Masons Also Builders. BaiTon David, 01, Elswick-st Dunlop Jas. 25, Simpson-st Graham Wilham, Byker-hill Kirsop T. 2, Cottenham-st Eeed E. 5, Summerhill-place Eeed Wm. St. Martin's-com't Master Mariners Bell Jos. H. 89, Blandford-st Bell W. 8, Yilla-place Breem John, Argyle-place Brodie N. M. 3, Copland-pl Brown John, Yoik st Brown Michael, Shield-street Bruce D. Hewgill-terrace CockburnE.FootofCanada-st Cooper G. 11, Carlton-street Cree P. 19, Y>"esley- street Custance T. W. 42, Eich- mond-street Dobson J. 1, Russell-terrace Dotchin S. Shield-street Finley J. Mansfield-street Gillies J. 7, Ellison-terrace Goldsmith Wm. Argyle-ter Hanzell G. Hood -street Harrison W. Shield-street Hart J. 2, Trafalgar-street Harvey N. F. 8, Howard-st Hays J. 10, AVilHam-street Hogg J. 37, Howard-street Jappie G. 2, Carlton-street Macdonald J. 12, Bayley-st Napier — , 5, Cop elan d-jolace Ogle T, 2, Union-terrace Punshon L. 6, Hood-sti-eet Eennoldson T. 9, Picton-pl Seager W. 1, Eichmond-st Taylor J. G. 39, Eichmond st Tinn J. 6, Howard-street Yincent E. 19, Stepney-ter Waddom T. 25, WilHam-st Yfise J. 15, Howard-street Mattress Makers Bateman Maiy, 190, Pilgrim- street Bolam I\Iary A. 1 and 2, Pil- grim-street Cheatham. Thomas, 57, West- gate-hill Faithing J. 31, Blackett-st McCormack J. 11, Dog-bank EoYAL YicTOEiA Asylum, roR THE Blind, 50, North- umberland-street Eobson J. 13, Pilgrim-street Eobson J. 172, Pilgrim-street Merchants Anderson J. & Sons, Eussia, 58, Close Angus T. C. and Co. 9, Close Armstrong & Co. 47, Cowgate Atkinson J. 20, Sandhill Barker Thomas, general, 13, Leazes-crescent Beatman M. 182, Pilgrim-st Beckwith George W. & ship- owner, Tyne Bridge-end ; house, Elswick-dean Bell E. guano, 22, Sandhill Bennett Eobert, commission, 26, Quay-side Bilton E. & Co. 22, Sandhill Black J. & Co. 94, Side Bolderaann, Bomes, and Co. 4 and 5, Quay Bradshaw & Anderson, Fen- wick'-entiy, Quay Brandling W. and Co. Three Indian Kings-court Caldwell J. 55, Quay Cargill and Co. 29, Quay Carr and Co. 25, Broad- chare CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 353 M.erdha.nts— Continued. Charlton & Angas, commis- sion, 69, Quay Christiansen, Schier, & Co. 39, Quay Clementson C & Co. lead, 22, Sandhill Conseil T. 8, Sandhill Cooper J. and Co. 38, Quaj', Currie, Brothers, and Co. Watergate, Sandhill Dickinson William, general commission, 38, Quay-side Dinning & Co. 38, ]3road-ch Dodd & Co. 10, Broad-chare Eskuche C. F. 19, Quay Ewhack Mich. Three Indian Kings-court Floor E. T. 41, Quay-side Gray A. & Co. Butcher-bank Gray A. G. Close Gripel & Co.Rewcastle-chare Haansbergen W. J. Van, 58, Quay Hambro E. I. & Co. 41 , Quay Hansen P. Fenwick's-entry Harle J. &: Son, 9, Quay Harris A. & Co. 32, Quay, & at Middlesbro', Stockton, Hartlepool, and Seaham Harrison A. P. & Co. 3, Broad-chare Hari-ison, Carr, & Co. 32, Broad-chare Hedley J. 32, Broad-chare Henderson W. jun. 69, Quay Hunter & Erichsen, Sandhill Jobson, Brothers, & Co. com- mission, 77, Quayside Leidemann A. & Co. 64, Quay Loades Wm. hop, porter, & commission. Butcher-bank Losh, Wilson, & Bell, 37, Quay-side Martinson W. 35, Broad-chr Mounsey &: Clapham, ^9, Qy Perez & Williams, 43, Saudhl Eamsay Thomas, Broad-chr Ptayne C. & J. & Co. 17, Close Eedford Burdus, 37, Quay- side; ho. Eomulus -terrace, Gateshead Richardson & Co. 20, Sandhl Russell Robt. C. commission, 1, Sandhill; ho. Craig Hall Saniter, Ludwig, & Co. 39, Broad-chare Scheele W. commission, 71, Quay Schraalz G. & Co. 71, Quay Shield J. & Co. 62, Grey-st. and Old Market-lane Shields Joseph, Son, & Co. Trinity Chambers, Quay Southern W. Rewcastle-ch are Stenhouse & Co. 20, Sandhill Stevenson, Verraehern, & Scott, 1, Sandhill Svensden & Johnson, Three Indian Kings-court Thompson G. 2, Tyne Bridge - end Tully & Co. 33, Quay-side Usher R. Manor-chare Wilson H. V. 69, Quay Millers Marked * are also Flour Dealers. Bell D. Pandon-dean *Brown Luke, Heaton-mill Brown E. 64, Close Charlton T. Haddrick's-mill Davidson Jon. Busy Cottage Mill, Heaton ♦Davidson E. Stepney-mill, Stepney, and 31, Groat Market Freeman P. High Heaton, and Ouseburn-bridge Glaholm J.^Tyne Bridge-end *Hails Yi. Ouse-street Heron E. Byker-hill Heron Richard (and inn- keeper), Three Bulls' Head Inn, Milk Market, Sandgte *Hopper Joseph, Swirle; ho. Orchard House ♦Hutchinson T. New-mills Meek T. Chimney-mills Muse J. Pandon-dean Procter J. Willington Reed E. T. 21, Newgate-st and at Gateshead Sinton J. Elswick-mill & 38, Groat Market Slater B. oatmeal, Sussex-st Slater J, Forth-street ♦Taylor J. Pandon Steam- mills, 47, Sandhill, and 89, Newgate-street *Thew E. Lesbury -mills, and St. Nicholas's Church-yard Wallace J. & R. Gallow-gate Steam-mills Milliners See also JDressmaTiers. Marked * are also Dressmakers. ♦Alport Martha, 13, Colling- wood-street ♦Anderson Alice, 1, Albion-st Arkley Anna, 63, Grainger-st Armstrong Ehzabeth, 58, Newgate-street ♦Atkin EHzb. Hindaugh-st Atkinson Martha, Albert-pl Bailey Mary Ann, 49, West Clayton-street Bailey M. & t). W. Hinde-st ♦Best Jane E. High Villa-pl ♦Black Margaret, 12, Terrace- place Bourne H. and straw plait and warehouseman, 21, Grainger-street ♦Bowman Jane, 133, Pilgrim- street Breuan Elizabeth, 4, New- gate-street Brinsley Mary, Forth-street ♦Brown Catherine, Park-pl Brown Isabella, 33, New- gate-street Carr and Donnison, Claver- ing-place Clark Dorothy, Elizabeth, & Isabella, 68, W. Clayton-st ♦Cleugh Frances, 30, Mel- bourne-street Cochrane Isabella, 66, Grain- ger-street Cook Pliny, 96, Side ♦Cooper Ann, 4, Westgate- h ill-terrace Dobson Cath. 60, Newgate-st Dunn Mary, 37, Groat INIkt. Ellison Matilda, 110,Pilgnm- street Embleton and Ellison, 12, Duke-street ♦Fawcett Isabella & Margt. 34, Blandford-street Forster Hannah, 69, West Clayton-street Glendinning Lydia,20,Bland- ford-street Grundy Ann, 1, Lancaster-st ♦Gray Mary, Cut-bank Hardy Elizb. 21, IMarket-st ♦Hay Elizabeth ct Henrietta Ann, Arthur's-hill Hay Elizabetli, Cailiol-street 354 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE. I^illiner s— Continued. Hardey Eebecca Mary, (suc- cessor to Mrs Eogerson, teacher of millinery and dressmaking by lessons, and modeller of flowers in wax and leather on an im- improved principle) wax flower repository, 40, Col- ling wood- street *Hedley Cath. 15, Wilham-st ♦Hedley Susan, 37, Jessa- mine-place ♦Henderson Jlizabeth, 3, Blackett-place Heppell Ann, 65, Grainger-st Humble Christina, 65, West Clayton-street *Humble Mary Ann, 92, West Clayton-street *Innes J. &M. Stamfordham- place * James Frances, 20, Pdch- m on d- street Johnson Anthony, 24, New- gate-street Johnson Hannah, 55, Pil- grim-street ♦Johnson Isabella W. Step- ney-terrace ♦Johnson Margaret & Ellen, 23, G-rey-street Knox Eleanor, Dog-bank Leach Barbara, 53, Nor- thumberland-street Leybourn D. 81, Pilgrim-st Lumley Isabella, 16, Colling- wood-street *McPherson Misses, Bruns- wick-place Mallabar Ehzb. Adelaide-pl ♦Mann Ehzabeth, 16, Hew- gill-terrace Matthew Catherine, 173, Pilgrim-street ♦IMather Isabella, 33, New- gate-street Milburn Elizb. Pilgrim -street ♦Milburn M. A. 6, Hedley-pl Mills Barbara and Esther, 45, Newgate-street ♦Moore A. 14, Waterloo-pl Morrison W. 2, Blackett-st. and 1, Grainger-street ♦Murray Henrietta,(French) P 14,Northumberlaud-street ♦Perry Margt. 10, Bath-row Pringle Isab. & Eleanor, 16, Brunswick-place *Pyburn Misses, 4, Elswick- court ♦Eathbone Margt, 3, Thorn- ton-street ♦EichardsonMry. 3,Eldon-sq Eobinson John P. and Co. 60, Grainger-street Eobson Elizb. 6, Mosley-st Eobinson Margt. Buxton-st Eobson Mrs. Jas. (French) 15, Mosley-street ♦Eodger Jane, M. 5, Grain- ger-street ♦Simpson Ann, 10, Percy-pl Spencer Jane, 47, Blackett-st Stephenson Elizb. 19, Prud- hoe-street Stephenson Tabitha,48,West Clayton-street ♦Thew Jane, 3, Market-st Thirkill Isabella, 76, Pilg.-st Thom Isabella, 30, Grainger- street Thornton A. West Hinde-st Turner Ann, Sandyford-place *TurtonM.A.&E. 84,Percy-st ♦Yinton Jane, 26, Eich- mond-st Walton A. 26, Westgate AMiinnemFrances,Orchard st Wilkinson Ann, 97, Percy-st Wren W. 20, Market-street ♦Wright Ann, 22, WelUng- ton-street Young Margt. 5, Blackett-st Millwrights BurnettBrothers,SpringGar- den-terrace Burnett J. 43, Prudhoe-st Hawthorn E. & W. Forth-bks Joicey J. G. & Co. Forth-bks Laws W. Back-lane Patterson E. & Son, 89,Percy- street SmithJ. 14,SpringGarden-ter Stephenson E.& Co. South-st Music & Musical Instrument Sellers Binns T. 20, Nelson-street Horn T. 32 and 33, Grey-st Kaye William, music, 5, Blackett-street Liddell M. 109, Pilgrim-st Morland T. G. and Co. 29, Collingwood-street Paradise W. 99, Percy-street Porter B. P, 65, Pilgrim-st Potts M. 2, Northumberld-st Mustard Manufacturers Dewar T. 7, Pudding-chare Dodds G. St. Andrew's-court Flintoff" T. 5, Westgate-st Lamb E. Orchard-street Melville W. 2, Carlton-street Myers, Brothers, Bell's-court Sweet Elizab. Crofts-stairs, ]\I an or- chare Nail Manufacturers Bourn G. & Co. Stock-bridge Dunn Thos. Saville-court Gallon John, jun. & chain, Blue Anchor-chare Galloway J. 3, Y^estgate-st Galloway W.& Co.37,Forth-st Pearson W. South-street News Agents Barkas E. 107, Percy-street Barlow J. 28, Grainger-street Crother E. 121, Pilgrim-st Crowther I. Denton-chare Duncan W. Westgate Everatt A, 82, Newgate-st France P. & Co. 8, Side Franklin Y^illiam Edward, andbookseller & stationer, Central Eailway Station, and at the other stations of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Eailway, and 14, Eoyal Arcade Gibson Nicholas,N.Bridge-st Horn T. 32 & 33, Grey-street McMinnies,24,Nelson street Mitford T. 8, Union-street Stewart W. 41, Head of Side Turnbull J. 48, Butcher-bk Newspapers Their Publishers, Offices, and Days of Publication Chronicle, Friday, M. & M. W. Lambert, 69, Grey-st CouRANT, Friday, J. Black- well, & Co. 54, Pilgrim-st Guardian, Saturday, Mac- liver & Bradley, 37, Grain- ger-street CLASSIFIED DIRECTOEY.^ Sb^ Newspapers— Co?ziinue: street -i Wilson A. 16, High Friar-st I Wise A. High Friar-lane XJrwin & Vardy, Old Robin •' Hood- court Paper Hangers ;; Also the Paper Stainers. See *i also UpJiolsterers. '' Cooper George, and painter, x 87, West Clayton-street '. Jackson J. R. 19, Percy-st '. Messenger J. 22, High-bridge . Morrison & Co. and decor- ators, 11, East Clayton-st /■ RicharclsonW.108, Pilgrim-st f Salmon R. S. 59, Newgate-st f Thompson J. New-road Toward H. 23, Gibson-street f ^'urnbull Robt. 26, Gibson-st f Watson Josh. 63, Newgate-st Paper Manufacturers \ Annandale and & Sons, 37, i : Westgate-st ; works, Shot- • ley-bridge and Lintzford i Fletcher, Falcouai', and Co. > ? Scotswood (^race N. & Co. Scctswood ' i 8^(^ NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Paper Manufacturers— Cori^t?. Hudson James, and marine- store dealer, Orpeth Paper Mill; ho. New-road Paper Stainers Astrop J. 25, Westraoreld.-st Cooper G. & painter & paper hanger, 8 7, West Clayton-st Girvin J. 25, Mai'ket-street Goodlad & Co, Tliornton-st. and 15, West Clayton-st Momson& Co. and importers of French paper hangings, 11, East Clayton-street Pawnbrokers Bowman H. 17, Low Friar-st Bramwell W. Folly Craven Jas. 16, Pudding-chr Davidson G. Lime-street Davison Thos. Manor-chare ElHott E. 17, Side FothergiU K. S. 5 & 6, New- road Garret J. 1, St. John's-lane Grail am Sarah, New-road Henderson J. 12, Marlbro'-st Jameson Ann, 29, Broad- chare ; ho. New Bridge-st Lupton H. B. 7 & 8, Pilgrim-st Maxwell R. T, 03, Pilgrim-st Mordue C. Ouse-street Purves Eleanor, Blagdon-st Eeed J. Neville-com't, 50, Westgate-street Eowell S. 1, Northbld.-com't Shaw J. St. Nicholas's-ch.-yd Smith R. 6, Upper Buxton-st Spencer J. 38, Newgate-st Thompson John, 18, Prud- hoe-sti-eet Vipond J. Queen-slreet Walker W. Eosemary-place Williamson David Spence, Eosem ary-lan e Wilson Mary, Wall-knoll Wilson W. 105, Pilgrim-st Physicians Marked * are also Surgeons. Alexander Jas. 15, Northum- berland-st. & 16, Saville-rw Bates J. M. 17, Westgate-st Bleazty E. W. 63, Northum- berland-street Bulman D. 10, Market-street *Burnup M. 9, Derwent-pl Charlton E. 7, Eldon-square Dawson W. 1, Eldon-square DeMey W. F. 16, Eldonsq Embleton D. 64, Northum- berland-street * Gibson Charles, 6, West Clayton-street Hayle T. homeopathic, 3, Jesmond-terrace Head] am T.E. 19, Northum- berland-street ^Houseman J. 60, Eldon-row Humble T. 4, Eldon-square Mackintosh D. Bath-lane Eobinson G. 26, Eldon-sqr White D. B. New Bridge-st Wightman C. 13, Princess-st Piano-Forte Manufacturers • Shields Thomas & Son, 54, Northumberland-street Piano-Forte Tuners See also Organ Builders. Graham W. New Bridge-st Hemy H. F. 30, Northumber- land-street Marshall G. 13, Brunswick - place Woodman J. 1, Prudhoe-st Picture Dealers and Cleaners and Print Sellers Aaronson L. Carliol-street Fox T. 6, Westgate-street Hardy J. 34, Grainger-street Hogarth T. C. 41, Grey-st Tweedy T. H.49, Grainger-st Weddall Wm. 108,Pilgrim-st Picture and Picture Frame Manufacturers Howey W. Denton's-court Lo^vrey G. Old Plough Inn-yd Molteni A. 185, Pilgrim-st Shepherd J. H. StoweU-st Piano Makers Gowland C. 50, Groat-Market Hall T. & Co. 33, Bigg Market Miller J. 37, Clayton-street Plasterers Charlton J. 6, Brunswick-pl Clark Charles, Dispensary- lane, Low Friar-street Dodds E. Park-place Good James, jjlain and orna- mental plasterer, cementer and stucco worker, 42, Churchill-street Lundi F. and figure & mould maker. Park-place and 13, Percy-street Martin J. Hewgill-terrace McKenna M. Up. Buxton-st Moat Thomas, and builder, 103, Blandford-street Montgomery J. & modeller, 92, Percy-street Spence D. W. and modeller, 96, Pilgrim-sti-eet Stephenson David, 65, Els- wick-street Stewart T. New-road Wilkinson W. B. and manu- facturer of plaster of Paris, cements, chimney-pieces, &c. and architectural mo- deller, 43, Prudhoe-street Plumbers and Gasiitters Marked * are also Coppersmiths. Atkinson J. 3 and 4, High Friar-street Bailey G. 21, AVestgate Brittain S. Bird Sz Bush-yard, Pilgrim-street Christie J. & Co. 2, Low Friar-street Cook J. Cross-street Deas A. Manor-chare Deas C. Fighting Cocks-yd and 50, Grainger-street *Dove G. 2, Northumbrld.-st EUiott Edward, and brass- founder and copper-smith, 7, Pudding-chare *ElIis & Henderson, Erick-st Eraser J. Scotch Arms-yard *Glaholm J. & Son, Manor- chare Humble G. Low Friar-street *Ions J. Neville-street Jobling C. 1, Lisle-street LittleJ.H.&LH.Eankin's-ct Milboum W. 91, Pilgrim-st Mills John, & brassfounder, 5, Forth -street Murray J. Painter-heugh Nicholson G. 13, Manor-st *Plummer B. St. Peter's; office, 7, Quay CLASSIFIED DIRECTOKY. 357 Plttmbers, ^q— Continued. Eaine J. D. 3, Market-street *SiEQpson Gr. W. Blandford-st Spence Edward, 2, Close Stewart & Young, 3, Mrkt-st Sutter John & Co. and brass- founders & coppersmiths, Low Friar-street *Watson H. 19, High-bridge Wilson W. Dispensary-lane Potatoe Merchants Gibson Thos. & fruiterer, Lower Buxton-street Hogg E. Oak'splace Lowes John, 107, Clayton- street Maxwell John, 2, Clayton-st Naylor N, Nelson-street Eussell Wm. Nun's-gate Slee Matthew, Nelson-street Telfer Adam, 19, Nun-street Printers Atkin W. 62, Quay Barkas T. P. & W. IG, High Friar-street Barlow J. 28, Grainger-st Benson M. St. Nicholas's- church-yard Blaclcwell J. and Co. 54, Pilgrim-street Bostle G. Lime-street Bowman W. E. Dean-court, High-bridge Christie J. 2 & 3, Nelson-st Clark J J. 27, St. Nicholas's- church-yard Collins J.W. &N. 20, Nelson- Crow W. S. 96, Side Dent E, 112, Pilgrim-street Dodds M. S. 34, Quay Dodds T. 61, Grey-street Fordyce W. 59, Pilgrim-st Green G. 99, Side Gilbert J. Arcade Hernaman J. 47, Grey-street Lambert M. and M. W. 69, Grey-street Leighton B.W. 7,Grainger-st Macliver and Bradley, 37, Grain ger-street Nicholson Joseph, 17, Lower Buxton-street Ormston & Smith, 09, Quay- side Phillipson & Hare, 26, Mos- ley-street Pollock & Co. 11, Nun-street Eeid A. 117, Pilgrim-street Eichardson G. B. 38, West Clayton-street Selkirk J. 27, Market-street Simpson T. & Sons, 15,Dean- street and 2, Side Spens T. 8, Grainger-street Ward E. & lithographer & publisher, 1, Dean-street Professors Marked thus * are Professors of Music * Allen Mary, 12, Sunderld.-st Beda A. W. languages, 2, Saville-row D'Acosta F. languages. 49, Howard-street *Davidson Mary, 9, Cumber- land-row DeFivas A. languages, 21, Eldon place Gombert J. A. languages, 5, Princess-street * Grant Emily, 53, Leazes-ter *PIarrison J. T. M. North- umberland-lane *Hemy H. F. 6, Picton-place *Ions T. M.B. Oxon, 32, Eye-hill *L'elandlVIary,37,Blackett-st *Jay P. 3, Low Swinburne-pl *Jay W. F. 3, Low Swin- burne-place *Ketelle S. W. 14,Saville-row *Larbalestier, Isab. Stirling, and languages, 20, Blac- kett-street *Liddle J. S.18,Oxford-street *Liddell M. 109, Pilgrim-st LowenbergJ. D. languages, 35, Black ett- street *Potts E. 11, Nun-street *Potts M. & dealer in piano- fortes, 24, Eldon-street *Pyburn J. 4, Trafalgar-st *Eedshaw Middleton, and organist, 30, Westmore- land-terrace *Sessford John, Pei'cy- court Sinclair J. dancing, 2, Nelson- street *ThompsonH. 6, Heaton-ter *Watsou E. lo,Cottenham-st *Watson T. S.10,Grainger-st ' *Weddell G. H. 102,Percy-st ' *Willoughby E. 21, North- \ umberland- street ; Provision Merchants j Marked * are Importers. * Bigger B. 61, Close Courtenay J. C. 97, Side & \ 19, Close : * Featherson & Elder, 51, ■ Quay Temperley J. Broad-chare Railway Carriage & Waggon ; Builders ; Atkinson and Philipson, 93, ' Pilgrim-street i Burnup J. & H. Elswick-ci-t Burnup W. & C. & timber ' merchants, &c. Barras-br \ Eayne & Bm-n, Ouse-street, - Ouseburn ! Eag Merchant i Clegg Solomon, & woollen ; manufacturer, Westgate \ Woollen-MilI,& New-road ! Register Offices— Servants \ Baas E. 42, Northmbrld-st i Bass Ehz. 110, Pilgrim-st Bianchi Isab. 114,PilgrinT=str Boag Jane, Pilgrim-street ^ Cruikshanks Mary, 14, Den- j ton-chare i Curry Eliz. 6, Newgate-st j Davison Mary Ann, Hill's-pl ! Davison Mary, 11, Prud- ; hoe-street \ Davison Mary, 66, West- moreland-terrace 1 Dishman Mat. 15, Stamford- i ham-place | Elliott Ann, 5, Tliornton-st i Foggin W. 28, West Clay-, ton -street , Fothergill Isab. 70, Percy-st| GrahamxVmelia, 65,Blackett- j street Liddlo Eliz. 77, West.gate-st Little Ann Jane, 101, Percy-st ; Lowthin Jane, 4, Deuton-ch ] Nelson Mai-y, 2, Westgate | Scott Ann, 64, '"".rainger-st > Shorter Maria, 90, Pilgrim-st Stevenson Isabella, CoUing-j AYOod-street 8oS KEVrCA STLt-UPON-TYXE' Register OfS.ces— Continued. Tickers 3Irs. 18, Colling- wood.street Watson Mary Ann, Hill-st WeddeUDortliy-109, Percy-st Registrars of Births & Deaths Aix-Saixts', Matthew Een- wiek, Stepney-terrace BrKEE, J. rindley, Hardy's Buildings, Stepney-field St. AxDEEw'5,Thos. Double- day, 16, Pddley-place St. XiCHOLAs's,Benj. Baker, 5, St. Xicholas's-churchyd We STGAiEjGr. Willis, IjJolm- street, Ai'thur's-hill Eope&Twine Manufaetiirers Crawhall J. & Sons, patent, St.Ann's-roperv.New-road Dodds J. 2, Mansfield-street Douglas J. Xew-mills Dunn L. 4, Broad-chare ErringtonEd. 47, Groat Mkt Haggle E. H. & Co. Wil- lington, office, 14,Broad-ch Jackson A. Xew-mills Johnson J. Dent's-hole Murdock G. 20, Percy-street Nicholson E. Moor-edge 'I\OETHU:iEBEELAND PATENT EoPE, Twine, Sc Xet Co. Spital-tongues EoyalTictoeia AsYLrsr eoe THE Blind, twine only, and manufacturers of all descriptions of fine knitted work, 50, Xorthumbrld.-st Smith T. & W. St.Lawrence ; office, 2, Broad-chare, and Eorth-banks Waters C.22,Castle-garth-sts Saddlers & Harness Makers See also Coach d Harness Manufactures. AUiscn John, Bvker hill Dewar P. 24 & 40, Groat Mkt TSaUiday G. 12, Collingwood- street Hancock T. & J. 50, Sandhill Mew Elizb. 136. Pilgrim-st Mills .J. 29, Market-street Newton J. 14, Grainger-st Piobertson J. 8, Newgate-st Turnbull E, 69, Newgate-st Sailmakers Buckham. J. 50, Quay Cm*son E. Bum-bank, Quay , Delaval G. 29, Quay ' Gilchrist J. G. 39, Quay I Gutbrie T. Colvin's-chare I Mon-ison H. E. Colvin's-ch j Eobertson J. J. Broad-chare I Scott J. 7. Quay Taylor A. Byker-chare I Salt Merchants I Gibson D. 39, Sandhill I Hunter G. 26, Sandhill Sand Millers Donaldson H. Stepney I Little Ann, Grove Cottage, near Drson's-bmldings Saw Makers Bnrgoin Alfred, Eighting Cocks-yard, Bigg Market Carr G. 25, Nun -street j Saw MiU Owners Burnup W. & C. and timber merchants, &c. Ban-as-bdg Carr and Co. Old Mansion House, Close; office, 25, Broad-chare Clayton & Armstrong, Skin- ners' -bm'n Grey (Jos. Eepresentatires of) iDlaning & dessicating works, 59, Newgate-street Han: J. & Co. St. Peters Hardy G. H. Stepney-field Harland J. Eorth-banks Harle W. &Co. St.Lawrence; office. Trinity-chambers Palmer G. & G.M. Dunston; office, 29, Quay Seed Crusliers Hovle, Eobson, and Co. 58, Close Eayne C. and J. 17, Close Seedsmen— Field See also Xurserymen and Seedsmen. Anderson J. Carhol-square Belt G. 53, Groat Market Bell E. 22, Sandhill Cooke Mrs. 44, W, Clayton-st Dewer Henry, 37, Grey-st EiTington Edward, 47, Groat Market Hall Wm. 117, Blenheim-st Hindhausrh J. & Co. 21 and 22, Cloth Market Hodgson W. 214, New Mkt Lascelles J. 229-30, New Mid; Longhurst Geo. 35, Mosley-st Ohver D. 11, Union-street Pattison T. Angas's-court Peverell E. 14, Bigg Market Proctor W. B. and Co. 17, Sandhill Scott T. 27, Bigg Market Ship Builders Adamson T. and Sons, Wil- liugton-quay Coutts and Parkinson, iron, WiUington-quay Cunningham AV, St.La-vsTence Eulton E. Xelson-street Hair J. and Co. St. Peter's HiUs Thomas, Tyne-street Hopper A. & E. and patent shpway, &c. Coney Close, and iS elson street, North- shore Miller, Eavenhill, & Salkeld, ii'on, Low Walker Mitchell C. and Co. iron, Low Walker Palmer, Brothers, &: Co. iron, 12, Quay, Works, Jarrow PottsThos.u'on,St.Anthony's Smith T. ct W. iron and wood, St. Peters, and New Dock, North Shields Toward T. iron, St. Peter's Wilkinson J.W. St. Anthony's Ship Chandlers Bolton G. E. 13, Quay Eeatherston &Elder,51,Quay Potts T. Clarence-street Snowdon J. 60, Quay Thompson M. & Co. 57, Quay Shipowners Beckwith George W. and merchnt.TyneBridge-end ; ho. Elswick-dean Caldwell E. 11, Eidley-^illas Carr L. S. 34, Broad-chare Clarke nUnmd. Cowan David, New-road Doeg W. 10, Eldon-place Dukes M. 1, Hood-street, Sandyford-lane Farrage J. 20, Simpson-st Glaholni J. 77, Close Graham E. Watergate, Quay Gray G. 2, St. James 's-st Henderson, G. 13, Howard- street Hodgson K. W. 33, Quay Hutchinson E. 1, Union -ter Jameson K. 9, Eegent-street Liddle J. 31, Kichmond-st Miller J. 40, Eldon-street Milvain H. N. Elswick Hall Nichol, Ludlow, & Company, Watergate, Quay Ogle T. 2, Union-street Ormston J. 58, Quay Eobertson J. J. 1, Byron-st Eussell G. G. 5, Queen-sq Robson C. 7, Suramerhill-ter Scott J. 0. 28, Quay Smith C. & Son, ], Broad- chare Smith T. & W. Broad-chare Storey R. Fenwick's entry Strachan John, Broad-chare Swan R. W. 38, Eldon-street Swan R. Trinity-chambers Swan W. 13, Blackett-street Taylor E, 53, Leazes-ter Thompson Mark, Quay-side Watson R. 10, Nixon-street Wilkin J. Jesmond-place Wilson Alexander, Victoria- terrace, Shieldtield Wilson J. Prospect-place, Shieldfield Shot Mamifacturers Locke, Blackett, & Co. Gal- low-gato Lead Works Walker, Parker, Walkers, & Co. Elswick Lead Works Silver and Goldsmiths See also Jeioellers. Lister W. & Son, 16 and 17, Mosley-street Mather J. 13 and 14, Dean J. Reid and Sons, 14, Grey-st Seweli T. 106, Side Teri7 J. 58, Grey-street Walton J, Painter-heugh Slaters and Slate Merchant Beck E. Gallow-gate Burnup J. and W. 38, West Clayton-street Forsyth L. 82, Pilgrim-street Middleton J. 44, Quay Potts James, Broad-chare Shevill T. Liverpool-street Tueart Stephen, slater, tyler, and builder in general., 5, Pandon-bank Youll Wilham and Robert, Leazes-lane Smiths See also Engineers, Mill- wrights, and Farriers. Marked * are also Bell Hangers. , , t are also Ship Smiths. *Alder T. High-bridge Bainbridge J. Love-lane *Bell & Turnbull, 6, Postern +Bell J. Nelson-st North-sh Blacklock John, West Bland- ford -street Bragg H. 15, Wellington-st Brewis J. New-road Brown J. 91, Percy-street Bulman J. Back-lane *Cumming W. Hinde-street *Donkin D. 28, High Friar-st +Easten T. Tyne-street *Elliott J. and Son white- smiths, Low Friar-street Ferguson R. St. Nicholas's- square + Gallon J. sen. Clarence-st Gallon John, jun. ship, &c. Blue Anchor-chare Gallon W. Brewery-bank * Graham J. Forth-banks Hall J. 2, Oak's-place *Hall R. Scotch Arms-yard Hall G. Taylor's-court Hall Wm. Wallace, & smith in general, 6, Thornton- street; ho. Hare-sn-eet *Howdon J. St. Lciwrence Howdon William, ct smith in general, and kitchen range manufacturer, &:c. Church- hill-cottages, I31enheim-st; ho. Duke-street Hownam John, Byker-hill Heron G. and Son, South-st Hogg J. Stepney-bank Hopper A. & R. ship smiths and joiners, Coney-close and Nelson-st, North-shore \ Hunter J. Fighting Cocks-yd * Hutton G. 79, Pilgrim-street ■ Jackson J. W. and machinist, j 21, Westgate j *Jackson R, 70, Westgate-st Jackson Robert, and bell- \ hanger, 70, Westgate-st i Johnson William, Forth-ter i Kirton William, blacksmith, cartwright, and farrier, Denton Hill -head, near Newcastle Larment M. 174, Pilgrim-st Latty J. New-road i * Melrose J. Erick-street ] +Rowell S. Clarence-street ■ Scott A. D. Victoria Market : Scott J. New-road ; *ScottW. Manor-chare j Smith J. Hall's-ct Newgt-st ' *Stoddart John, Low Friar-st Thompson T. F. Gallow-gate ; Tinn John and Son, Close j Waterston Brothers, Elswick | Forge +Wheldon J. Clarence-street Winship R. Byker-bar i *Youll J. 74, Northumber- ' land-street Solicitors Abbs C. 51, Westgate-street ' Adamson John & Sons, 16, Clayton-street West Allan R. M. & M. 54,Dean-st ] Anderson J. Westmoreland i House, Westgate-street j Armstrong P. 9, Mosley-st : Beckington C. Lax's-court Bell Octavius,57,Westgate-st Bolton G. Westgate-street ; Bownas G. 8, Sandhill | Blacklock J. 62, Grey-street Brewis G. 21, Grej^-street ; Brockett W. E. 50, Dean-st ! Brown and Son, 23, Side Browne W. J. Pilgrim-street .^ Chartres W. 74, Grev-street \ Chater T. & W. 21, Mosley-st , Clavering J. 37, Colliugwd.-st Clayton J. & AL Guildball Cockcroft L. M. 17, Grain^ ger-sti'eet J Cram G. W. 31, Dean-street \ \ 860 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE Solioitora^ Gontmmd. Dixon T. 80, Grey street Dove T. 2, Northumberland- street Dunn W. 54, Pilgrim-street Edgcombe J. T. 17, Eldon-sq Ellison P. G. Arcade Eenwick H. W. Fanington-ct Eenwicks and Falconar, 38, West Clayton-street Fleming John, and agent to the Life Association, Scot- land, and also solicitor to theFreight and Demurrage Association, Newcastle, 52, Westgate-street Forster G. & clerk to Guar- dians and super, registrar. Pilgrim-street Forster M. & J. L. 80, Grey-st Eraser H. 24, Dean-street Gee E. H. 18, Percy-street Gibson G. T. Bank-buildings Green R. Y. 34, Mosley st Griffith & Crighton, Arcade Griffiths E. Bank-buildings Hall Edward, 45, Pilgrim-st Hewison I. 48, Westgate-st Hodge & Harle, 70, Grey-st Hoyle J. T. 72, Grey-street Ingledew & Daggett, 55, Dean street Jobhng M.L. 53, Westgate-st Joel J. G. 60, Grey-street Johnston W. 36, Mosley-st Keenlyside Thos. 16, West- gate- street Harle William Lockey, 2, Butcher-bank Lambert E. 32, Market-street Laws and Glynn, 14, Grey-st Leadbitter E. 50, Westgate-st Mather E. 70, Grey-street Philipson E. P. 18, Sandhill Punshon N. K. 24, Dean-st Eadford J. 80, Grey-street Eeed G. B. Bank-buildings Eeed S. 44, Grey-street Eidley J. 45, Westgate-street Scaife J. 35, Pilgrim-street Spencer E. 29, Sandhill Stable & Dees, 58, Pilgrim-st Stanton P. H. 23, Sandhill Stoker J. G. 50, Pilgrim-st Story H. 32, Market-street Swan and Burnup, 50, Pil- grim-street Wailes G. Arcade Watson J. 11, Eoyal Arcade Wanless W.41, Coliingwood- Welford E. D. 27, Market-st Welford and Pemberton, 16, West Clayton-street Wynne Wm. 40, Mosley-st Stationers See also Booksellers and Stationers. Marked * are wholesale. * Crawford A. R. 12, Dean-st Christie Juo. 2 & 3, Nelson-st Crothers E. 121, Pilgrim-st *Forster & Hara, 26, Side Fordyce Wm, 59, Pilgrim-st Franklin William Edward, and bookseller and news- agent. Central Eailway Station, and at the other stations of the York, New- castle, and Berwick Eail- way, and 14, Eoyal Arcade ♦Gallon & Parker, 8 and 71, Close ♦Huntley J. 17, Side Kaye WilHam, 5, Blackett-st Mitford Thomas 8, Union-st Ormston & Smith, 69, Quay- side Parker John and Co. 40, Sandhill *Pigg J. 68, Pilgrim -street *Eobinson E. 31 & 32, Side ♦Simpson T. and Son, 15, Dean-street, and 2, Side ♦Temple 1. 11, Butcher-bank Turner R. 72, Grey-street Stay & Corset Makers Anderson Ann,32,Blackett-st Dawson E. 19, Newgate-st Hay Emma P. 44, Grainger- street Helme Isabella, 33, Side Lumley Deborah,16,Colling- wood-street Potts Eleanor, 35, Northum- berland-street Eeid W. J. 40, Dean-street Shields Jane S. 15, Percy-st Thompson Ann, 16, North- umberland-street Wake Isabella, J, Side Steel Spring Manufacturers Cookson C. E. & Co.South-st Spencer J. & Son, Newburn; office, 78, Westgate-street Stencillers and Colourers Archbold T, (xallow-gate Archbold W. Newgate-court Currie W. 38, LowFriar-st Messenger J. 22, High-bridge Proud W. F. Bath-lane Eichardson Elizb.Newgate-st Eichardson J. sen. 7, Liver- pool-street Wallace Wm. 87, Pilgrim-st Stone Merchants Appleby & Davison, West Grove Quarry Barnett Henry, and builder, 5, Seaham-slreet Jeffrey George, and builder, Grove Quarry Makepeace G. Elswick-lane Peudham Stone Co. G. Walker, agent, 15, West Clayton-street Eobson E. Carliol-sc^uare Stove, Grate, and Fender Manufacturers Gumming C. 3, Hiude-street Donkin D. High Friar-street Holmes J. Fighting Cocks-yd Mather J. 13 & 14, Dean-st Walker W. H. 83 and 84, Percy-street Straw Bonnet Makers Auckland Ann, Pitt-street Benson Mary, 186, Pilgiim-st Bourne H. & warehouseman, 21, Grainger-street Dobinson Ann, 4, W. Pittsfc Ellison Mtlda. lll,Pilgrim-st Fawcett Isabella & Margaret, 34, Blandford-street Gibson Ann, 113, Percy-st Gordon E. Temple-street Guthrie H. Erick-street Hall W. 9, Blackett street Hardy Elizb. 21, Market-st Harrison Elizab. Manor-chr Harrison Mrgt. Manor-chare Heppell Margaret Ann, 20, Grainger-street CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 861 Straw Bonnet Makers— Conf^Z. Innes J. & M. Stamford- ham-place Lightfoot Elizabeth & Maiy Arm, Byker-bank Eiley Dthy.& Ann, 19,Hill-st Eobiuson J. P. & Co. 60, Grainger-street Eobinson Margt. Buxton st Eoutleclge Jane, 67, New- gate-street Skelton Ann, 16, Prudhoe-st Turnbull Hannah, Dispen- sary-lane Whitehead Bridgetj'Wesley-st "Wren W, and straw plait, 20, Market-street Young Margt. 5, Blackett-pl Straw Hat & Plait Dealers Boume Henry, and Avare- houseman,2L, Grainger-st Wren W. 20, Market-street Surgeons See also Physicians Alexander J. 15, Northum- berland -st.&16,Saville-row Allison H. P. 1, Ptegent-ter Annandale T. 62, Northum- berland-street Bates Jno. M. 17,Westgate-st Birley Geo. 3, Pdchmond-st Bleazby K. W. 63, Northum- berland-street Boyd W. 5, Marlboro'-cres Burnup Martin, M.D. Edin, andM.E.C.S.Eng.9, Der- went-place Carr W, 9, Newgate-street Chambers P. T. 76, New- gate-street Clark G. N. 10, Newgate-st Edgcome J, 94, Pilgrim-st Elliot H. Homeopathic Dis- pensary, 13, Northumber- land-street Elhot W. 31, Newgate-st Featherstonhaugh H. 3, New Bridge-street Fife Sir J., W. 11. & J. B. Plood-street Fife W. H. Summerhill Hse Forster J. E. 19, Union-st Frost S. M. 29, Oxford-st Furness T. A. 11, Percy-st Gibb J. Tyne-street Gibson Chas. M.D. 6, Clay- ton-street West Gilchrist J. L. Welhngton-pl Greenhow H. H. 28, Eldon-sq Greenhow Thomas M. 28, Blackett-street Gregson T.L. 13, Westgate-st Harvey H. 30, Newgate-st Hawthorn J. New Bridge-st Heath G. Y. 33, Market-st Heath H. 11, Bigg Market Hood G. Y. 31, Westgate-st PAnson W. Arthur's- hill Lang J. 21, Eldon-square Larkin C. 11, Fenkle-street Lenders Hugh B. 1, Union-st Liddell J. 100, Pilgrim-street Lightfoot E. T. 65, Northum- berland-street Mc.Nay T. F. 9, Gibson-st Manford F. W. New Bridge-st Miller J. 45, Westgate-street Nesham W.l,Northumbld.-st Newton W. 5, Hood-street Potter H. G. 3, Jesmond High-terrace Preston W. C. 5, New Bridge-street Preston W. C. 5, New Brdg.-st Preston W. 4, Bath-row Eayne S. W. 46, Westgate-st Sang J. 1, Charlotte- square Stokes H. C. 51, Blackett-st Talmadge J. H. 63, North- umberland-street ThompsonT.Y.NewBridge-st Winship W. 7, Percy-street Surgical Instrument, Truss, and Bandage Makers Clark E. 33, Mosley-street Donaldson H. 68, Grey-street Marley S. 70, Westgate-st McQueen E. 45, Grainger-st Sharp J. 26, Market-street Tailors See also Drapers — Woollen, and also Outfitters. Marked * are also Drapers, Aisbitt Joseph, Shield-street Aitkin D. Seam-street ♦Armstrong J. 38, Mosley-st Atkinson W. H. 12, Pandou- bauk Bainbridge B. Cut-bank Banks E. 2, Waterloo-sti-eet y3 * Banks Martha, 76, North- umberland-street * Barton S. and Son, 37, Market-street Beach J. 7, Princess-street Bell H. 2, Bell's-court Best A. 13, George-street Best John, 13, Terrace-place Bews T. 90, West Claylon-st Blair G. 89, West Clayton-st Blair G. 4, Hedley-place * Bowmaker J. 53, West Clayton-street Bowmaker N. F. 82, Blen- heim-street Brannon Thomas, 182, Pil- grim-street Brown W. 17, Nun-street Brown T. Sandgate Buckley J. Gallow-gate * Burnand E. 101, Pllgrim-st Bulmer Geo. 38, High-brdg Byers W. Sandgate Cairn cross Jno. 113, Pil- grim street Carr John, Ouseburn Carr John, 17, Westgate-st Chantler AV. 28, Mosley-st Chatto E. 39, Villa-place Chisholm T. S. 5, George-st Clark G. 2, St. Martin's-ct Clark T. 5, Thornton-street Cockerton G. 96, Side Curry M. 17, Blenheim-st * Currie E. 90, East Clayton - street Cooper S. 15, Edward-street Crosier E. 44, Prudhoe-st Davis J. Castle-garth Dawson W. Lax's-court Dixon Henry, 57, Grey-street Dixon J. 8, West Blandford- street Dixon J. Brandling-village, shop, ].7, Gallow-gate Dodds C. Queen-street * Dransfield J. 54, Grey-st Easton J. Scaife's-court; Easton M. 24, Market-st Elder Thomas, Grinding-ch Elliot N. 34, W. Clavton-st Elliott J. 51, Groat . -ket Elliott W. 70, W. Clayion-st Emanuel Lewis, 16, Dean-st Emmerson Stephen, 6, ^U- bion-place Ferguson F. 27, Suudrld.-st m SEWCASTLt-lTPON-TTNiT Tailors -Continued. Fisher J. 16, George-street Forster J. 17, G-rainger-street Forster J. 82, Pilgrim-street Forster T. 47, High-bridge Forster T. 82, Pilgrim-street Gibb G. East Ballast-hills Gibson T. 60, Pilgrim-street Gilly J. 73, Blandford-street Glendinning John, 1 and 2, * Blackgate Grahamsley J. 25, Castle-gth Grant S. 11, Blandford-street Green S. Grown Inn-yard, Westgate * Hall & Holloway, 64, Grey- street Hall E. 8, King-street Harper J. 13, W, Bckngm-st * Harrison C. AV. 62, Grey-st Haves G. 22, Bigg Market Haves Thos. 10,St. John's-ln Henderson J. Wesley-street Henderson Matthew, Byker- hill Henderson N. 18, Stowell-sq Henderson Wm. merchant, Sandyford-lane Hildreth J. 1, Princess-street Hindmarsh W. 30, Crescent- place * Hodgshon G. 71, Grey-st Hood T. 16, Percy-street Howe J. 8, Bath-row Hume W. Zion-court, "West- gate-street Hunt H. 155, Pilgrim-street * Hutton and Khind, 36, Mosley-street Hutchinson John, Byker-hill Hymers E. 10, Blackgate Ingles A. L. Oak's-place Ireland J. Carliol-square lung A. East Clayton-street Jackson H. 7,Wellington-ter Johnston T. Churchill-street * Joseph B. &Co. 78, Grey-st Joyce E. 2, Blandford-street Kennedy David, 133, Pilgrim- street * Kettle J. 20, Quay Laird D. 5, Castle-garth-strs Lithco Eobert, Ballast-hills Lucas J. 4, Charlotte-square Mafham F. Leazes-lane Main Edw. & Co. 8, Grey- - street Manuel Lewis, 15, Dean-st Mather Wm. 18, Churchill- street Maughan William, merchant tailor, 12, Plummer-street, Scotswood-road McDonald, J. 8, Collingwd-st McEwan W. Dog-bank I\rcGew J. 184, Pilgrim-st McNally J. 29, High Friar-st Metcalf E. Lime-street Milhgan W. 23, Castle-garth Mills J. 15, Percy-street Moffatt A, Zion-court, West- gate-street Mofifet E. 112, Side Mole Anthony, Scotswood-rd Nairn J. 75, Northumber- land-street Newton J. C. 2, Castle-garth Newton J. C. Postern Nicholl Thomas, S.merchant tailor & clothier, 1, West- gate-street Nichol W. 27, Pilgrim-street Nixon T. 6, Bath-row Norrie A. 38, Bigg Market Ormston J. 51, Elswick-st Peacock G. 24, E. Clayton-st Petch E. Buxton-street Petre W. 11, Westgate-street Pigg A. 65, Grainger-street * Pigg E. & J. 92, Pilgrira-st Portous Jos. 1, Spital-place * Pringle T. 43, Grey-street * Eedshaw J. Collingwood-st Eeed T. 5. WilHam-street Eemfry W. No, 1 Court, Stowell-street Eichardson M. 19, St. John's- lane Eidley George, Wesley-st Eidley Wm. 10, Waterloo-st Eobson A. Byker-bar Eobson H. 21, Hedley-street Eoss John, merchant tailor, Scotswood Scarlet G. 31, Collingwood-st Scott Henry, 9, E. Clayton-st Scott J. 48, Grainger-street Scott L. Temple-street Scott T. 51, W. Clayton-st Shotton J. Byker-bar Sinclair A. 1 2, Castle-garth Souls.by W. Spring-street * Snowdon H. 4, Blackett-st; house, Shield-street Snowdon A, Tyne-street Spence T. H. 1, Sandhill * Stark W. 9, Dean-street Stark and Johnson, 80, Grey- street * Stewart G. 21, Dean-street Straughan J. 49, Crescent-pl Strong W. Carhol-street Stuart P. Hill's-place 77, Pilgrim-street TaUantire G. 21,0yster-shell- lane Tearse W. Fenkle-street * Teasdale T. 106, East Clay- ton-street * Thompson J.20,Blackett-st Thompson J.T.Temperance- row Thompson W. 13, Prudhoe- street Thomson T. Pitt-street Turnbull J. 4, Dispensary-ln Walker J. High Friar-lane Walton T. Todd's -nook Wardle J. Vine-lane Weallens C. J. 30, Bayley-st. Whinnem W. 3, Castle-garth Wilkin B. 14, Wellington-ter Wile J. 41, Gibson-street Willins G. 3, Mansfield st * Wilson E. 55, Grey-street Wilson E. & Co. 66, Grey-st WoRKiNft Tailors' Associa- tion, 4, Grainger-street Tallow Chandlers Allan M. 31, Sandhill Allon Cath. Ann, Sandgate Dryden H. 83, W. Clayton-st Fawcett J. & J. Scotch Arms- yard, Bigg Market Fittes J. 6, Low Friar-street Glaholm, E. 4, Pudding-ch. HumbleThomas,Bells-close; house, Scotswood Hutchinson M. 7, St. Nicho- las's-church -yard Ions J. 7.1 , Westgate-street Maddison J. 22, Newgate-st Nesham W. 4, Bigg Market Nesham W. 1, New Bridge- street Eidley Thomas, Black-gate, Castle-garth Watson E. 5, Cloth Market Whinfield E. C. and Co. 85 and 86, Pilgrim-street eiiASSIFIED DIRECTORY. ^6S Tanners Angus H. G4, Newgate-street Bargate G. & Co. Darncrook Brown T. Westgate Harrison E. Stepney-bank .Liddell C. and J. Darncrook Mason and Co. Kiclimond-pl Pattison R. & Son, Gallow-gt Park John, Temple-court Pearson L. Blagdon-street PriestmanJ.Dispensary-lane Eichardson J, & E. 66, New- gate-street Eutlierford Chas. and Thos. West Blandford-street Sillick J. Scotch Arms-yard Tea Dealers See also Gh'ocers and Tea Dealers. ' James C. 8, Grey-street Mouat P. & Co. 21, Market-st Sidney & Eay, 27, Grey-street Smith Barthlw. 9, Oxford-st Wilson Eobert, A. wholesale, 55, Westgate-street Wood J. 34, John-street Temperance Hotels and Boarding Houses Bell E. P. 7, Grey-street Gibson E. 5, Nun-street Grey T. 12, West Claytou-st •James EHzabeth, 136, Pil- grim-street MilburnG.13,WestClayton-st Potts J. commercial, 15,New- gate-street Eobinson J.l, Collingwood-st Simpson H. 26, Grainger-st Walmsley J. J. 33, Mosley-st Wilcke Thos. 55, Grey-street Timber Measurer and Scriever Humphrey Wm. E. Borers'' Arms Inn, Nelson-street, North-shore Timber Mercliants Armstrong H. 32, Northum- berland-street Burnup W. & C. and saw mill- owners, &c. Barras-bridge Caldwell Eobert, 19, Broad- chare Carr and Co. 25, Broad-chare Clayton & Armstrong, Skin- ners '-burn Cowan D. & Son, New-road Dobson W. Manors Doeg and Skelton, 12, Broad- chare Graham J. Albion-street Hair J. and Co. St. Peter's- quay ; office, 21, Quay Hardy G. H. Stepney-field Hardy P. and D. Manors HarleW.cfe Co. St. Lawrence; office. Trinity-chambers Harland John, Thornton-st Hindhangh N. (Eepresen- tatives of) Ouseburn Hood A. & Co. 21, Broad-ch Lawrence J. jun. 55, Quay Middleton J. 14, Quay Muse M. Skinners'-burn, Close Palmer G. & C. M. 29, Quay Eennoldson and Farley, 33, Quay, and Ouseburn Eickelton W. Forth-banks Eobson T. 8, Albert-terrace SouthernW. Eewcastle-chare Tin and Iron Plate Workers and Braziers Boston E. 27, W. Clayton-st. and 69, Percy-street Christie J. and Co. 2, Low Friar-street Cox W. St. Mary's-street Ellison J. & W. 157, Pilgrim- street Fearney N. 63, Blackett-st Gill E. Clarence -street GoldieThomas, and gas fitter, St. Ann's-street, Sandgate Hetherington J. 6 7, Grainger- Hills J. 11, & 175,Pilgrim-st. and New Market Hogg M. 68, Side Little J. H. 81, Newgate-st McKay John, Elswick-lane Patterson J. High Friar-st Pearson AV. 7, Ordstreet Proctor T. 105, Side Eobson John, 1, Back Els- wick street Eobson J. 105, Percy-st Eobson E. 124, Pilgrim-st SeweU E. Cloth Market Wheatley A, H. Clarence-st Tobacco and Snuff Dealers Marked * are Manufacturers *Anderson & Young, 17, Side *Dickinson W. O. 62, Head of the Side ElHot J. 11, Dean-street FinlayJ.H. 2 1, Collingwood-st Fleming W. 5, Nun-street Graham J. 18, Bigg Market *Gray T. 59, Grey-street * Harvey J. & J. S. 39, Head of the Side Hopper J. 47, Pilgrim-street Mouat P. & Co. 10, Grain- ger-st, and 21, Market-st Parker W. 134, Pilgrim-st Prendergast J. B. Arcade Eichardson J. 13, Dean-st Smith E. 41, Grey-street * Spencer M. H. 2, Sandhill Stark J. 24, East Clayton-st Tate G. 7, Sandhill Telfer John, 5, Nun-street *WardT. E.'&Co. 6,Union-st Weir S. 30, Mosley-street Young John, 134, Pilgrim-st Toy Dealers Barnasconi C. New Market Elliott Ann, New Market Lascelles J. New Market Mastaglio V. 23 & 24, Grain- ger-street Molteni C. 25, Grainger-st. and 26, Grey -street Origoni J, & Co. 34, Dean-st Quinlan M. New Market Tarelli A. & Son, 41 & 42, Dean-street Turners BateyJ. 162, Pilgrim-street Coates T. Bird-in-bush-yard Hall W. Newgate-street Mills G. Scotch Arms-yard Pickersgill John, Trafalgar-st Eowley F. Newgate-street Spencer E. Groat Market Taylor C. 48, Pilgrim-street Walker Michael, Orchard-st Wright J. 58, Groat Mai'ket Wright M. 38, BiggMai-ket TTmbrella & Parasol Makers Bianchi C. 14, Pilgrim-street Brown Ann, 4, Mosley-sti'eet , Scott J. 140, Pilgrim-sti-eet 364 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TY^^E TJpliolsterers See also Cahimt Makers, and Cabinet Makers and Joiners. Alderson T. 20, St. John's-ln Barker John, &; upholsterer, 20, Yine-lane Cui-rie Mrgt, 21, Blenheim-st Cuthbeitson J. W. 11, Lisle-st Davisou Jane, 2S, Xun-street Ferguson Mrs.2G,Terrace-pl Hepper W. 27, Nelson-street Lamb Nathaniel, Xuu-street Lamb Wm. 22, Bigg Market :\Iather T. 102, Percy-street Pvumford C. 7, Green-court Sopwith Thomas &: John, & cabinet-makers, Sandyford- lane ; showrooms in North- umberland-sireet Taylor M. Gosforth-street Thompson J. Xev/ Bridge-st Veterinary Surgeons Coekburn J. St. John's-lane Heads J. 31, Pudding-chare Hunter A. Eankin's-court Hunter J. Fighting Cocks-yd Hutton (t Wilkinson, 79, Pil- grim-sti'eet PluesLtKine, 28, TVestgate-st Scott E. M.E.A'.C.L.Mnor-ch Stephenson C. Scotch Arms- yai-d, Bigg ]vlarket ■WalMng Stick Manufacturer Lockey John, wholesale, 13, Seam street Warehousemen Shield G. R. and Co. iTau- chester. Grey-street "Wilkinson J. 15, Shakspr.-st j Watch and Clock Makers | See also Clock Makers Marked * are Chronometer Makei-s. t are Jewellers i Eaiiey S. 52, Quay I Brugger M. 26, Nun-street ! Burn Robt. T. 75. Grey-st j Carmichael R. i.Maiiboro'-st Donald A. E. 54, Grey-street *Douald &: Son. SO, Grev-st Fairweather T. G6, Quay Foi-ster J. 39, Broad-chare tFrench T, Y.141, Pilgrim-st ' Gregson T. 4, CoUingwood-st j Hodgson Chas. jun. 11, New- gate-street ; Kinnear ]\lichl. clock, High j Friar-street ! Kirton '\^. 14, CoUingwood-st | +Lister "\V. & Sons, 16 and 17, Mosley -street iMayerK. clock, 91,Newgate-st Middleraiss :\I. 8, Bigg Mkt Potts E. 11, Nun-street *+Reid & Sons, 14, Grev-st Robson W. E. 8, Cloth Mkt Sewell T. 106, Side Stuart G. Ridley-court +Terry J. 58, Grey-street +Thomp3on R. Arcade Tinkler N. W. Clai'ence-st. North-shore Tweedy "W. 10, King-sti-eet Watson R. 19, Cloth Market Wilson W: 105, Pilgrim-st Whitnell T. Gallowgate Watch Glass Manufacturers Boston & Co. 40, Groat Mkt Bunn R. T. 75, Grey-street Foggin "Wm. & Co. Manor-st Gallon E. 39, Newgate-st Gallon Ellis '& Margaret, 20, "Westgate-street Gallon J. R. 20, Cloth Mkt Gallon W. 58, Newgate-st Hill Jacob, East Ballast-hills Joel S. & M. Shakspeai-e-st McGregor A. 5, Union-st Terrv J. 58, Grev-street Wake W. 24, Groat Market Weighing Machine and Scale Makers Bai-tlett C. and Co. 16, West- gate-street Donkin David, High Friar-st Elliott J. & Son, Low Friar-st Stoddart J. Low Friar-street Wallace T. Westgate-street Wharfingers Can- L. S. 34, Broad-chare Clarke and Dunn, 76, Quay Gell Geo. Yarmouth Steam- wharf, New-quay Laing W. jun. New-quay Nichol, Ludlow, & Company, Watergate, Quay Ormston P. 58, Quay Oi-mston J. Clarence-street and 58, Quay Parker A. and Co. New-quay and 50, Quay Siorey R. Fenwick's-entry Whip & Thong Manufacturers Blyth J. 7, Newgate-street Lunn R. Bigg Market TilSn R. 2, Grain ger-street Wine and Spirit Merchants ZVIarked * are Spirit only. Angus John, 41, Percy-street Bell H. 21-22, St. John's-lane Bells, Robson, & Co. North- shore Beugo J. 88,Blandford-sti'eet Carr and Co. 25, Broad -chare Clark J. Paiater-heugh Clark Mary, 4, St. Nicholas's- church-yard *Don D. 58, Quay *Duulop James U. Quay- side *Emott H. 39, High-bridge Fenwick E. E. Clayton ArmSf 43, West Clavton-street Fiulay & Scott, 47, Bigg Mkt. Geldard and Scott, Mauor-st Glenton F. 10, Close Johnson & Co. 23, Market-st Johnson J. Manor-chare Kirkpatrick W. D. and Co. Man or- street Lamb F. H. X- Co. 15, Side Lambert and Co. 30, Dean-st Lawson John, 67, West Clay- ton-sti-eet Laybourn A. S: Co. 47, Groat Market Liddell R. 79, Grey-sti'eet Luston A. Ridley-court Miller W. 32, Bigg Market Monkhouse, Anderson, and Fahbairn, 6, Side Naters R. Sandyford Nixon J. & Co. 24, Mosley-st Ogih-ie & Co. 167, Pilgrim-st Richai-dson J. 46, Newgate-st Ridley Ss Thompson, Lovc-lu Ridsdill Thos. 7, Market-st Robinson J. and Son, 18, Union-street Robson J. Manor-street Shield J. & Co. 34, Mai'ket-st Spence D.W.o, Shakspeare-st CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. B6d Wine and Spirit Merchants Continued . Stokoe & Co. 45, Grey-street Surtees & Co. 14, Sandhill Taylor W. 36, High Friar-st Temperley T. 5, Bridge-end Turnbiill & Wood, 17, Grain - ger-street *Welford W. Bum-bank Wright J. & Co, 40, Tligh-by Wright P. 88, Side Wylani K. & Co. 77, Quay Wire Workers Brown T. & Sons, 35,Percy-st Poggin&Signey, High-bridge Mountain W. and Sons, and importers, dealers, and builders of French burr millstones, 81, Pilgrim-st Woollen Manufacturer Clegg Solomon, and whole- sale rag merchant, and importer of foreign rags, and woo], Westgate wool- len-mill and New-road Woolstapler & Fellmonger Pearson J. Fleece-court, Gal- low-gatQ PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETIES, ETC. Benevolent Institutions and Societies Newcastle Infirmaky, Forth Banks. — • The Lord Bishop of Durham, grand visitor; the Duke of Northumberland, the Duke of Portland, Earl Grey, the Marquis of Bute, the Earl of Taukerville, and the Mayor of Newcastle, presidents ; Lord Ravensworth, Sir el. E. Swinburne, Bart. C. ElHson, Earl of Durham, Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart, and W. E. Beaumont, vice-presidents ; Thomas E. Headlara, consulting physician; Darnell Pullman, Da\ad B White, John Cargill, and John M. Bates, physicians ; G. Yeoman Heath, Thomas Annandale, Sir John Fife, and Henry G. Potter, surgeons ; Charles John Gibb, house surgeon ; M. R. Bigge, treasurer- Charles John Gibb, secretary; Rev George Herriot, M.A. chaplain ; Ehz. Dowson, matron. Newcastle Dispensary, Nelson-street. — The Duke of Northumberland, patron ; Jjord Ravensworth, Sir M. AV. Ridley, Bart. C. Elhson, John Hodgson Hinde, Matthew Bell, William Ord, the Mayor of Newcastle, and the Master of the Trinity House, presi- dents; J. Clayton, Joseph Lamb, Robert Ormston, and J.Priestman, vice-presidents ; George John Fen wick, treasurer ; Thomas Humble, M. D. secretary; Thos. E. Hec.l- lara, Darnell Bulman, Charles WightPian, David B.White, E. Charlton, and T. Humble, physicians ; John Hawthorn and T. A. Fur- ness, surgeons ; J. S, Pearse, resident medical officer. Annual meeting of gover- nors, the last Thursday in September. Newcastle Eastern Free Dispensary, 50, Howard-street. — TheBishop of Durham, patron ; the Mayor of Newcastle, W. Ord, the Vicar of Newcastle, T. E. Headlam, and the Master of the Trinity Plouse, presidents ; R. M. Glover and George Robinson, physi- cians ; T. A. Furness and G. Y. Heath, surgeons ; C. T. Maling, treasurer ; R. Y. Green, secretary. Eye Infirmary, 3, Saville Row. — The Mayor ^of Newcastle, president; T. E. Pleadlam, consulting physician ; Sir John Fife, consulting surgeon ; T. M. Green- how and Joseph B. Fife surgeons ; Jos. Fairs, treasurer; Jno. Brown, sec. Thomas Craster, inspector ; and Mi's.Craster,matron . Anniversary Meeting in Mai-ch. All poor persons affected with diseases of the eye, applying at the institution, are admitted as patients without recommendation. Fever Hospital, Bath-lane. — l^^arl Grey, patron ; the Lord Bishop of Durham, presi- dent; John Anderson, treasurer; Thomas Humble, M. D. secretary ; John Cargill, physician ; John S. Pierce, house surgeon ; William Routledge, inspector, Mrs. Mary Routledge, matron. Northumberland and Newcastije Ho- MoeoPATHic Dispensary, 13, Northumber- land-street. — Charles A. Monck, John Thos. Carr, Rev. John F.Bigge,W. SydneyGibson, George Fenwick, and Thomas Hoyle, com- mittee of management ; Thomas Hayle, physician ; Henry Elliot, surgeon ; John Mawson, secretary. Anniversary Meeting in February. 866 KEWCASTLE-UPON-TTNE. Lying in-Hospital foe the Reception OE PooE Maeeied Women, New Bridge- street. — Sir Matthew White Eidley, Bart, president ; Rev.Thos.EohinsonGreen,M.A. chaplain ; Darnell Bulman, physician ; S. M.Frost, W.Nesham, and J. Sang, surgeons; Revds. J. CoUinson & R. Green, treasurers; R. C. Frost, secretary ; Mrs. Ann Waddring- ton, matron. Anniversary Meeting 1st of October. Ch.ajuty foe Pooe Maeeied Women Lying-in at theie own Houses. — Rev. Richard Clayton, treasurer ; Charles Wight- man and John Cargill, physicians ; J. S. Paget and William Xesham, surgeons. Royal Yictoeia Asylum eoe the In- DUSTEious Blind, Isortliumberland-street. Her ]Most Gracious Majesty, patron ; the Lord Bishop of Dm-ham, president; W. B. Ogden,treasurer ; Rev.RichardClayton,A.M. chaplain ; John Morrison and Joseph Wat- son, secretaries ; Mrs. Stoddart, matron ; jMiss Stoddart, assistant; J. Stoddart, manager ; Robert Spence, treasurer for North Shields and Tynemouth ; Thomas Scott, for South Shields; William Back- house, for Darlington ; G. H. Head, for Carlisle. Anniversary Meeting on the last Friday in June, and Quarterly Meetings on the last Fridays in September, Decem-ber, and March. NoETHEEN Counties Institution foe THE Deaf and Dumb, No. 8, Chartotte-sq The Duke of Northumberland, patron; the Lord Bishop of Durham, president; Rev. H. W. Wright, M.A. chaplain; A.H. Talmadge, medical attendant ; John Anderson, treasurer ; MajorYounghusband, Alnwick, Rev. J.Thwaytes, Carlisle, Samuel Rowlandson, Durham, Rev. C. Reed, North Shields, Rev. James Carr, South Shields, George Reed, Sunderland, local secretaries; William Neil, head master and secretary ; Mrs. Neil, matron. — This institution is open for visitors on Tuesdays and Thurs- days, from ten o'clock a.m. till one p.m. and from three to four o'clock p.m. Subscribers and strangers from the country may be ad- mitted on other days. Aged Female Society. — John Blackwell, treasurer ; J. Armstrong & G. A. Brumell, secretaries ; J. P. Irwin, collector. Female Penitentiaey, Diana-street. — The Mayor of Newcastle, patron ; R.Clayton, A.M. treasurer ; John Benson and Ralph Walters, secretaries ; Sarah Forster, female secretary ; Mrs. Robson, matron. Society pok the Protection of Fe- males, AND FOR THE PREVENTION OF PROS- TITUTION.^ — Daniel Oliver, treasurer; Thos. Boag, secretary ; J. P. Irwin, collector. Newcastle Repository, for the Sale OP THE Work of Indigent Females, 23, Grain ger-street. — The Duchess of Nor- thumberland, patroness ; Mrs. Bell, Mrs. Parker, Miss Clayton, Mrs. John Cookson, and Miss Barras, committee ; Mrs. E. N. C. HaU, matron; Walter S. Pringle, treasurer. Association for the Preservation op Life feom Shipwreck. — The Mayor of Newcastle, president; Robert Plummer, secretary. Keelmen's Hospital, New -road. — A. Hoggins, beadle. Literary and Scientific Societies, &c. ANTIQUAEL4.N SociETY, Castle, Castle- garth. — The Duke of Northumberland, patron ; Sir J. E. Swinburne, Bart, presi- dent; Sir C. M. L. Monck,Bart. J. Hodgson Hinde, and the Hon. H. T. Liddell, vice- presidents ; J. Adamson and E. Charlton, M.D. secretaries; John Adamson, treasurer. _ CentPvAl Exchange and Subsceiption News Room, Grey-street. — Francis Jackson, treasm-er; Thos. Brutnell, superintendent. College of Peactical Science, Barber Surgeons' Hall, Rye-hiU. — Wm. Dawson, M.D. medical registrar; R. B. Sanderson, jun. treasurer; George Robinson, M.D. secretary. LiTEEAEY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SoCIETY, Westgate-street. — T. E. Headlam, M.D. president; John Clayton, Rev. Robert C. Coxe, Rev. John Besly, and Robt. Stephen- son, M.P. vice-presidents ; R. R. Dees, treasurer; John Adamson and Jos. Wat- son, secretaries ; John Thornhill, libarian; Geo. Muras, sub -librarian. Anniversary meeting first Tuesday in February. LiTEEAEY, Scientific, and JMechanical Institution, Blackett-street. — Geo. Craw- shay, president; Earl Grey, William Ord, Thomas E. Headlam, M.P. Sir John Fife, William L. Harie, David B. White, M.D. Joseph Crawhall, John Dobson, Sir George Grey, ]M.P. and M. W. Lambert, -sice-presi- dents ; Robert Wallace, treasm-er ; J. L. Thornton and Jos. Shephard, secretaries, Arthm- Robson, librarian. Anniversary meeting on the first Monday in March. Museum of the Natural History Society, and the Liteeaey and Pheloso- PHicAL Society, Westgate-st. — TheDuke of , CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 36Y Northnm'berland, patron jtlie Lord Bishop of Durham, president; Matthew Kobert Bigge, treasurer ; Dr. Charlton and J. Blacklock, secretaries; The Museum is open daily from eleven till four o'clock. Newcastle - upon - Tyne College of Medicine in Connection with the Uni- VEESiTY OF Durham, Neville-hall, Neville- street.— Coimcil : T. E. Headlam, M.D. president ; Eev. W. GreenAvell, M.A. prin- cipal of NeviUe-hall ; D. Embleton, M.D. Edward Charlton, M.D. D. Mackintosh, M.D. T. Humble, M.D. C. Gibson, M.D. G. Y. Heath, M.D. J. S. Pearse, M.E.C.S. secretary; Arthur LTmphelby, M.E.C.S. resident demonstrator and medical tutor; Christopher Holme, B.A. resident classical tutor. Newcastle-on-Tyne Farmers' Club. — Sir Matthew "White Eidley,Bart. president; Matthew BeU, G. H. Ramsay, J.P. W. Anderson, J.P. John Cookson, Edwin Cres- well, and H. G. Liddell, M,P. vice-presi- dents ; William Glover, secretary and treasurer. — Club room in Literary and Philosopliical Institution, Westgate-street ; open on,Tuesdays and Saturdays, from ten until six o'clock. Monthly meetings for discussions at half-past two p.m. on the first Saturday of each month. North of England Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts. — The Lord Bishop of Durham, president ; John Anderson, treasurer ; T. Burnett and G. Crawshay, secretaries. St. Nicholas's Reading Room, Brick- layers' Hall, Castle-garth. — Adam Sin- clair, treasurer; Eobt. Moffat and. John White, secretaries ; John Bell, librarian. Tyneside, Naturalists' Field Club. — John Storey, secretary; Thomas Burnet, treasurer. BeligioTis and Moral Societies. Auxiliary to the London Missionary Society. — Joseph Mather, treasurer ; Rev. Alexander Reid & Jas. Wilson, secretaries. Bible Society. — G. Richardson, treasu- rer; Rev. J. C. Bruce, and Robert Dees, secretaries ; G. Richardson, sen. accountant and depositary ; John P. Irwin, Mansfield- street, Arthur's-hill, collector. Church Missionary Society. — WilUam Clayton Clayton, treasurer ; Rev. Richai'd Clayton, Rev. Henry W. Wright, and T. P. Balls, secretaries. Depot of Societyfor Promoting Chris- tian Knowledge, Blackett-street. — Wm- Kaye, libarian; Rev. W. H. Egan, B.A. secretary. Female Branch Association. — Mrs. John Fenwick, treasurer and secretary. Gospel Diffusion Society (late Gospel Tract Society). — Depot for Tracts, Weavers' Tower. — Wm. Nesham, treasurer; D. G. Moody, secretary; J, H. Rutherford, mis- sionary. Ladies' Branch Bible Association. — • Mrs. Priestman, treasurer ; Mrs. H. Rich- ardson, secretary. Newcastle Auxiliary to the British AND Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. — Matthew Forster and John L. Forster, secretaries. Newcastle Auxiliary to the Naval AND Military Bible Society. — Rev. E. S. Meggison and J. C. Lamb, vice-presidents ; Rev. H. W. Wright, secretary. Newcastle and Gateshead Local Com- mittee OF THE British Anti-state Church Association. — Thomas Emley, secretary ; William Anderson, treasurer. Newcastle and Gateshead Religious Freedom Society. — Walter S. Pringle, treasurer; James Potts, secretary. Newcastle and Gateshead Young Men's Christian Asssociation. — J. G. Fenwick, treasurer; J. B. Falconer, secre- tary ; A. Stringer, collector. Newcastle-on-Tyne and North of England Protestant Alliance. — Mr. Bennett, treasurer ; Robert Gillespie and Robert Walters, secretaries. Newcastle Religious Book Society. Rev. J. Davies, D.D. president ; John Anderson, treasurer ; Rev. F. Gouldstone and T. Humble, M.D. secretaries. Newcastle Sailors' Society. — Joseph Cowell, missionary; J. B. Alexander and James Potts, secretaries ; Charles W. Bennett, treasurer ; Mrs. John Robinson and Miss Forster, female secretaries. Nevt Court Auxiliary Baptist Missionary Society. — Thomas Shai'p, treasurer ; John Feu wick, secretary. Northern Association op Baptist Churches. — Rev. J.Pottingor, James Potts, Newcastle, Rev.R. B. Lancaster, and Thos. Bell, South Shields, Rev. J. D. Carrick, and J. Rennison, North Shields, executive committee, Henry Angus Wilkinson, Gates- head, secretary. — ^Annual session held in Whitsun week. 368 NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE North of England Sabbath Alli- ance. — T. H. Graham, president and trea- surer; Eev Eobert Henderson, secretary. NORTHUIVIBERLAND AND DdRHAM AUX- ILIARY Baptist Missionary Society. — Henry Angus, treasurer ; Thos. Pottenger, and J. W. Bell, secretaries. Peace Sooiety. — Edward Eichardson, treasurer ; Thomas P. Barkas and E. Ploskin, secretaries ; H. Eichardson, de- positarj\ Religious Tract Soceity. — John Fen- wdclv, treasurer; Eobert Walters and Thos. Leslie, secretaries ; AValter S. Pringle, depositary. Town Missionary and Scripture Readers' Society, 63, Grainger-street. — Robert AY alters, treasurer; Eev. Eichard Clayton & Eev. J.C. Bruce,x\.M. secretaries; J. P. Irwin, Collector. Miscellaneous Societies. Botanical and Horticultural Soci- ety of Durham, Northumberland. AND Newcastle-on-Tyne, Sliow Ground, Barras Bridge. — John Adamson, treasurer, George Belt, and Eobert Clay, secretaries. Girls' Eagged School, Gibson -street. — IMiss Ann Eichardson, treasurer; Mrs. Edward Eichardson, secretary. Keelmen's Society. — The Members of parliament for the Town, the Mayor and sheriff of Newcastle, four senior Aldermen, and the Governor and Nine Members of the Hostmen's Company, guardians ; T. Fairweather, secretary and treasurer. Law Society. — Edward Hall, president; Edward Glynn, vice-president; Eobert Eichardson I) ees,treasiu^er; Wm. Crighton, and James Eadford, secretaries. Ladies' Association for the Suppres- sion OF Intemperance. — Mrs. Benson, treasurer; Mrs Eobson, and Mrs. Priest- man, secretaries. Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Northern Counties Freehold Land Society. — Sir J. Fife, W. H. Brocbett, James Potts, John Benson, and John Mawson, trustees; Charles Burney, jun. secretary. Newcastle xVkd Gateshead Commer- cial Association, Merchants'-court, Guild- liall. — I. S, Challoner, treasurer; Jas. Dewar and J. P. Irwin, secretaries Newcastle and Gateshead Trade Protection Society: Offices, 11, Union- street. — Union Banking Co. bankers ; Daniel Oliver, president; Joseph Watson, and G. W. Hodge, solicitors; Thosnas Boag, secretary. Newcastle Teetotal Society. — Jona- than Priestman, president; George Charl- ton, treasurer ; D. OHver and T. P. Barkas, secretaries ; T. P. Barkas, and Ealph Stephenson, registrars. Newcastle-upon-Tyne Eagged School Society, Gibson-street. — John Anderson, treasurer; Daniel 01iver,assistant treasurer; I. S. Challoner, and W.J. Sloan, secretaries ; John Morgan, master. Northern Counties Association for the Protection of Trade and Prose- cution OF Felons, 32, Market-street. — Henry Story, secretary and solicitor; Mat- thew Eeed, treasurer Eoyal Jubilee School, New-road. — Earl Grey, patron; Eobert Ormston, the Mayor of Newcastle, Sir J, E. Swinburne, Bart. W. Ord, J. H. Hinde, S. C. H. Ogle, Sir M. W. Eidley, Bart. M. Bell, Saml. W. Parker, and C. W. Bigge, presidents ; M. Plummer and Thomas Wilson, vice-presi- dents ; G. L. Fenwick, treasurer; Eev. J. C. Bruce and D. H. Wilson, secretaries ; C. F. Springmaun, superintendent Scottish Trade Protection Society. — J. Eidley, secretary, 24, Grey- street School of Design, Westgate-street. — W. E. Scott, master. Schoolmasters' Association. — Duke of Northumberland, patron ; Cuthbert Ellison, president ; T. E. Headlam, consulting phy- sician; Thomas Fairweather, treasurer; Michael Watson, secretary Sunday School Union. — ^James Wilson, treasurer; D. H. Wilson, T. P. Barkas, and E. Eidley, secretaries. Westgate Union School for Girls. — Miss Wright, treasurer ; Miss Bruce, sec. ; Miss McKay, mistress AYestgate Temperance Society. — Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan, president; William Daglish, treasurer; Henry Dickin- son, secretaiy. Public Buildings, Offices, &c. Assay Office, Goldsmiths' Hall, Dean- court. — Days of attendance, Tuesdays and Fridays, at 10 o'clock in the forenoon. — F. Somerville, assay master. Assembly Eooms, Westgate-street. — Thomas Haigh, superintendent. Barracks, Newcastle, Ponteland-road Baths, Northumberland-st. — F. Dodds, lessee. CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 309 Baths and Wash-houses, New-road. — J. Barlow, superintendent Baths, cold, shower, and warm, Bath Hotel, 37, Scotswood-road, W. Wrightson, proprieter. Bowling Green, West Walls, and Bath-lane. British Telegraph Office, 10, Sand- hill. — H. T. Duxberrj, clerk in change. Castle, or Norman Keep, Castle-garth. — J. Gibson, keeper Coal Trade Office. — Thos. Doubleday, secretary. Court or Bankruptcy, Koyal Arcade. — Nathaniel Ellison, commissioner; W. S. Gibson, F.S.A. registrar; James Wakley, and T. Baker, official assignees. Open daily from ten o'clock a.m. to fom' p.m. Custom House, 40, Quay. — J. W. Wil- liatns, collector ; J. Black, comptroller ; T. Brown & W. Whitney, clerks. Electric Telegraph Company's Of- fice, 14, Sandhill. — WiUiam Maslin, manager. Exchange and News Rooms, Sandhill. — Lambton and Co. bankers; Thos. Etridge Wilkinson, secretary. Fire Engines. — Newcastle Fire Office Engines, near the Police station. Manors ; North British Fire Office Engine, 4, Bell's- court, 04, Pilgrim-street. Fish Market, Sandhill. — Fenwick Carr, keeper. Freemasons' Hall, Bell's- court, New- gate-street Gas Company's Office, Royal Arcade ; works. Manors ; John Arnott, manager ; T. Hebron, secretary. General Soup Kitchen, Manor-place Guildhall, Sandhill. Harbour and Quay Masters' Office, Folly, Quay. — Simon Danson, harbour and quay master ; J. Foster, deputy Inland Revenue Office, Royal Arcade. James Thompson, collecor. Lecture Room, Nelson- st. — J. Barlow, lessee. Lunatic Asylum, Bath-lane. — Donald Macintosh, M.D. proprietor Lunatic Asylum, Belle-grove, Leazes. — T. W. Keenlyside, proprietor. Market Keepers' Office, New Mrkt. — George Inness, keeper. Money Order Office, Arcade. — Open from Nine a.m. till Six p.m. in connexion with the Post Office, Charles Headlam, Post-master Moot Hall and County Courts, Castle- garth. — Mrs.JaneProctor,keeper of theHall. Music Hall, Nelson-street. — J. Barlow, lessee. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Shields, and Gateshead Chamber of Commerce ; Offices, 29, Sandhill.— WilHam Henry Brockett, secretary Newcastle Borough Jail, Carliol-sq. — Samuel Thompson, governor ; James Had- field, turnkey ; Rev. W. Featherstonhaugh, chaplain. New County Court Office, Guildhall. — James Losh, Esq., judge. New Market. — Entrances from Grain- ger-street. Nelson-street, Clayton street, and Nun-street Northern Counties Club House. — Eldon-square Northumberland County Court Cir- cuit. — Judge, James Losh, Esq. ; Chief- clerks ; John Clayton and Henry Ingledew, Esqrs. ; High bailiff, Mr. Robert Pybns. Court, Towns, and Assistant Clerks. — Alnwick. G. Selby; Belford, Joseph Hind- marsh; Bellingham, Robt. Allan; Berwick, G. W. Dalton ; Gateshead, T. Proctor ; Haltwhistle, R. Bell ; Hexhan, J. Stokoe ; Morpeth, Messrs. Brumell ; Newcastle, J. Arnott ; North Shields, Mr. Ingledew ; Rothbury, J. Hopper ; Wooler, Wm. Weightman. Pilot Ofice, 20, Broad-chare. Police Station and Court, Manors. — John Dunne, chief of police. Poor Law Union Office, Pilgrim-street. Henry Ingledew, Esq., chairman ; George Forster, solicitor, clerk. PosTOFFicE,Arcade. — ReceivingHouses; Byker-bank, J. Fenwick, receiver; Percy- street, J. Dawson, receiver; Quay, A. Naylor, receiver; Westgate, W. Simpson, receiver. River Ttne Commission.— Chairman, Joseph Cowen: clerk, John Clayton. Life Commissioners, W. R. Hunter, Newcastle ; JoseiDh Cowen, Blaydon; Captain Purdo, Sunderland ; James C. Stevenson, South Shields. Elected Coinmissioiiers. By New- castle Council : Ralph Dodds, Thos. Ridley, R. T. Philipson, William Armstrong, John Ormston, and John Rayne, By Gateshead Council : Christian Allhusen,and A. G. Grey. By Tynemouth Council : M, Poppelwell, William Linskill, and Joseph Straker. By South Shields Council: John Robinson, John Clay, and James Mather. 370 MEWCASTLE-UPOK-TYNE Savings' Bank, Eoyal Arcade. — Open on Saturdays, from twelve to one and from seven to eight. Charles Henrj- Coolie, treasurer ; Jno. Bulman, secretary; Joseph Armstrong, cashier; George IM. Masterton, actuary SniPPiNG Office, 20, Broad-chare. — Captain Johling, master. Stamp Office, Eoyal Arcade. — Open from ten a.m. till five p.m. Henry Eeed, distributor. Theatre Eotal, Grey-street. — Edward 3Dean Davis, lessee. Trinitt H<"'hite House Forster Jas. dealer in sundries, Jackson-st Forster John, agent, Yrinlaton Forster John, provision dealer. Bill Quay Forster John, provision dh\ 1, Mulgrave-ter Forster John, provision dealer, Low Fell Forster John, provision dlr. Felling Shore Forster Joseph, provision dealer, Winlaton Forster 3Iatthew, miller, Blaydon-biUTi Forster Ealph, baker, Swalwell Forster Stej)hen, anchor and chain maker, Eedheugh ; ho. WindmiU-hiUs Forster Thos. vict. Three Tuns, Swalwell Forsyth Barbai'a, rict. Black Bull Inn, Heworth-lane Freeman Jas. toll collector. Windmill-hills Freeman Ealph, flour dealer, Windmill-hls Freeman T. ironmonger, 17, Woodbine-ter French John, agent, the Crescent French John, beerhouse. High-street French Margaret, vict. BucJi Inn, Low Fell French Mary, lodgings, 29, Melbomne-st French Wm. grocer and draper, Biaydon Ftilthorp George, manager. Teams Fulthorp John, vict. Blacksmiths' Arms Inn, Dunston GADDES Jno. bootmaker, 5, Bottle-bank; ho. 11, Yictoria -street Gaddy David, shipblder. (Gaddy & Lamb); ho. Claremont-place Gaddy & Lamb, shipbuilders, Tyne Main Gallon Thomas & Co. paper manufacturers, Felhng Shore Gallon Thomas (T. Gallon & Co.); ho. HoUyhill House, High Felling Garbutt C. & Son, chemists, and wine and spirit merchants, and proprietor of the Lunatic Asylum, Dunston, 22 and 23, Bridge-sti-eet Gai'butt Comehu3,senr. chemist (C. Garbutt & Son); ho. Cramer- dykes GATESHEAD AND DISTEICT DIEECTORY. 399 Garbutt Cornelius Durham, chemist (C. G-arbutt & Son); ho. Cramer-dykes Gardener Edwd. Aict. Sun Inn, Low Fell Gardener Michael, blacksmith, Winlaton Gardener Thomas prov. dealer. Low Fell Gai'dner Joseph, Yict. Queen's Head Inn, Swalwell Garlick Eichard, cheesemonger, 3, Bridge- street; ho. Catheiine-terrace Gai'vey Felix, beerhouse, Pipewell-gate Gatis Wm. vict. Hawk Inn, 31, Bottie-bank Gaudes James, provision dir. Windy Nook Gelderd George Carlton, vict. New Cannon Inn, Low Fell Gelley Joseph &: Co. anchor manfrs. and forgemen. Felling Shore Gelley Mary, anchor, &c. manufacturer (J. Gelley and Co.) ; ho. Hewortli Shore Gelly Rowland, agent. Felling Shore Gibbon Mrs. Maria, Windmill-hills Gibbon Wm. miller, St. Cuthbert's-place Gibbons Wm. clerk ; ho. 22, Grosvenor-st Gibbs John, bootmaker, Lov/ Fell Gibson Eleanor, vict. Ship Inn, Bill Quay Gibson Emerson, agent, 27, Melbourne- street Gibson Geo. surgeon to Birtley Iron Yv^orks; ho. Birtley-villa, near Gateshead Gibson John, farmer, Swalwell Gibson Joseph, prov. dealer, 171, High-st Gibson Matthew, agent, Winlaton Gibson Thos. butcher, 33, High-street Giihespie Henry, vict. Eising Sun Inn, Hillgate Gilhespy Ealph, oyster dlr. Pipewell-gate Gilhespy Eobert, tailor, Winlaton Gill George, surgeon, Winlaton Gill Eobert, brazier, 1 6, High-street, and North'Shore, Newcastle Gillender Eobt. prov. dealer, Oakwell-gate Gillender Thomas, beerhouse, Hillgate Gillender William, forge works, Swalwell ; ho. Wickham Givens Joseph, nailmaker, Winlaton Glaholm Edward, prov. dealer, 13, Church- street and Pudding-chare, Newcastle Glaholm Mrs. Eliza, 14, Mulgrave-terrace Glenton Frederick, proprietor of Lunatic Asylum, Bensham ; ho. 13, Mulgrave-ter Glenton Mrs. ftlary, Bensham Glenton Paul, surgeon, Bensham Lunatic Asylum ; ho. 13, Mulgrave-terrace Golightly John, 3, Grosvenor-street Goodall Alfred, cashier. Branch Bank of England ; ho. Woodbine-cottage Goodfellow John, vict, Albion Imi, 177, High-street Goodfellow Josepli P. grocer & provision dealer, Winlaton Gordon James, manager, 13, Summerhill- terrace Gordon. M ary, butcher, Low Fell Gordon William, pawnbroker and provision dealer, Oakwell-gate Goulstone Eev. Fabian Corry, curate of Gateshead; ho, 2, Union-row Gowland Harriet, vict. Ship I;i?i,Wrekenton Gowland Jno, proprietor of Lunatic Asylum, Wrekenton Gov.'laud Mary, prov. dealer, Oakwell-gate Gowns Geo. beer retailer, Pleworth Shore Grace William, gentleman, Heworth Graham John, lampblack manufacturer, Heworth Shore Graham Thomas, 21, High-street Graham John, boot & shoemaker, Winlaton Graham Thomas, provision dlr. Blackwall Graha,m Eobert, bootmaker, High Felling Grant Alex, toll collector. Low Fell-road Gray Alexander George, alkali manufactu- rer (Gray & Crow); ho. High Jesmond- terrace, Newcastle Gray Eobert, shoemaker. Low Fell Gray Alexander George, junior, manager (Gray & Crow); ho. Teams Gray Benjamin, shipbroker. High Teams Gray & Crow, alkali mnfrs. Friars Goose; offices, Close, Newcastle Gray George, cabinet maker, Dunston Gray George, tailor. Sheriff Hill Gray John, vict. Frame Inn, Teams Gray Jno. vict. Union Tavern, Pipewell-gate Gray Joseph, agent, Y. N. and B. Ey.; ho. 2, St. Cuthbert's-terrace Gray Eobert, gentleman, Whickham Gray Eobert, bottle manfr. Pipewell-gate ; ho. 21, Vine-row, Jackson street Gray Thomas, beerhouse. Sheriff Hill Gray Wm. vict. Anchor Inn, Dunston Gray Wm. vict. Beehi\ie Inn, Biaydon Greaves John, beer retailer, 21, High-st Greaves Walter, tailor, Bill Quay Greene Geo. tannei^. Half Moon-lane ; ho. Prospect Cottage, Windmill-hills Greene John and Sous, grocers, &c. 4, 5, and G, High-street Greene John, grocer (J. Greene and Sons); ho. Eodsley-house Greene Joshua, sen. grocer (J. Greene and Sons); ho. 4. High-street Greene Joshua, jun. grocer (J. Greene and Sons); ho. 7, Woodbine-place Greene Michael, grocer (J. Greene & Sons); ho. 23, West-street 400 GATESHEAD AND DISTRICT DIEECTORY. Greener Edward, farmer, Hedley Green well William Crozier, chemist, 185, High-street ; ho. Ellison-street Grey James, tailor, Elhson-square Grey James, tailor, Brunswick-street Grey John, cartwright. High-street Grieves John, beerhouse, 21, High street Grieves Walter, vict. Bottle House Inn, Bill Quay Grigg James, provision dealer, 12, Park-st Grundy John, joiner, Winlaton Guthrie Alexander, gentleman, 6, Fife-st Guthrie Ralph, bootmaker, 5, Cannon-st HAGGIE, Brothers, rope and chain manu- facturers, & timber merchants, South-sh Haggle David, rope manufacturer, &c. (Haggle, Brothers); ho. Claremont-house Haggle Peter, rope manufacturer, &c. (Haggle, Brothers); ho. West-street Haikney Margt. dressmaker, Blue Quarries Halbert John, cork cutter, Back-lane Hall Alice, dealer in sundries, Felling Shore Hall Ann, Windy Nook Hall Charles, marine store dealer, Low Fell Hall Edwd. chain manufacturer, and smith, B lay don Hall Edwd. and Anthony, farmers, Monkton Hall George, pawnbroker, 18, High-street Hall Isaac, nail maker, 30, Bottle-bank; ho. Old Turnpike-gate Hall John, ship owner, Low FeUing Hall John, provision dealer, South-shore Hall Jonathan, chain. &c. manufacturer (Pt. Hall and Co.); ho. Wolsingham Hall Robert and Co. chain and nail manu- facturers, Blaydon Hall Stephen, prov. dealer, Grahamsley-st Hall Mrs. provision dealer, Sun-street Hall Susannah, register office for male and female servants, 25, Melbourne-street Hall Miss Theodosia, 15, Clarem.ont-place Hall Thomas, butcher, 34, High-street Hall Thomas-, gentleman, Collingwood-ter Hall Thomas, gentleman, Whickham Hall Thomas, relieving officer, Winlaton Hall Thos. Jonas, chain, &c. manufacturer (R. Hall & Co.) ; ho. Blaydon Hall William, colliery under viewer, High Heworth Hall Wm. fishmonger, 188, High-street; ho. 37, Collingwood-street, Newcastle Hall Wm. schoolmaster. Windy Nook HallidayThos. commission agent,Nelson-st Hamilton Chas. hairdresser, 15, Church-st Hannington George & Co. firebrick manu- facturers, Swalwell Hannington George, firebrick manufacturer (G. Hannington & Co.) ; ho. Swalwell Bank Hannington Henry, firebrick manufacturer (G. Hannington & Co.) ; ho. Swalwell Hannington Joseph, firebrick manufacturer (G. Hannington & Co.) ; ho. Swalwell Hannington Wm. prov. dealer, Oakwell-gt Hanson Wm. wheelwright, Powell's-court ; ho. 191, High-street Harbottle John, tailor, Swalwell Hardy David, hairdresser, Half Moon-lane; ho. Mulgrave-terrace Hardy Margaret, grocer, &c. West-street ; ho. Young's- buildings Hardy Robert, tailor, Low Fell Hardy Thos. pipemaker, 28, Bottle-bank Harford George, sailcloth manufacturer (Milvaiu & Harford) ; ho. 10, Regent-ter Harle Wm. L. attorney. Crow Hall, Felling Harper I-iUke, joiner, Cramer-dykes Harper Wm. joiner, Cramer-dykes ; ho. Cross-house Harries John, draper, ] 8, Blelboume-street Harriman Wm. firebrick and sanitary pipe manufacturer, Blaydon, and grocer, Bell's close; depot, 1, Carlisle Old Station, Newcastle Harris Rev.Geo.( Unitarian) 2,Woodbine-pI HarrisThos.vict. VidcanTavern, Quarry-fild Harrison George, tailor, IMulgrave-terrace Harrison Henry, gentleman, l,KingWm.-st Harrison Henry,basketmaker(J.& H. Har- rison) ; ho. Ridley- villas Harrison Jane, farmer, Swalwell Harrison J.& H. basketmakers, 15, High-st and Dean-street, Newcastle Harrison John, builder, 28, Charles-street Harrison John, basketmaker, (J. &H. Har- rison) ; ho. 7, Melbourne-street Harrison John, prov. dealer, 71, High-st Harrison John, prov. and whiting dealer, Pipewell-gate Harrison Martha, draper (Osborne & Har- rison) ; ho. Windmill-hill Harrison Robert, inland revenue office, William-street Harrison Robert, tailor, 4, Church-street Han-ison Wm. butcher, 72, High-street Harvey WilHam, grocer and stationer, 178, High-street ; ho. l,Westgate Hill-terrace Newcastle Haswell John, clerk. High-street Haswell John, draftsman. Ocean-terrace Hawdon John Emmerson, engine builder & iron founder (W. G. Hawdon & Sons); ho. Blaydon GATESHEAD AKD DISTRICT DIEECTORY. 401 Hawdon Marv, heev retailer and dealer in sundries, lU, Victoria-street Hawdon "William George & Sons, engine builders and iron founders, Blaydon Hawdon W. G. jun. engine builder & iron founder (W. G. Hawdon & Sons) ; bo. Blaydon Hawks, Crawsbay, & Sons, iron manufac- turers, Soutb-sbore HaAvks Elizabeth, lodgings, Wbickbam Hawks George, iron manufacturer (Hawks, Crawsbay & Sons); bo. Piedbeugli HaMSta William, smitb, Wbickbam Hay Micbael, provision dlr. Higb Felling Hedley and Burn, cabinet mkrs, 10, Higb-st Hedley Edward H. agent, 26, Blelbourne-st Hedley George, butcber, 210, Higb-street Hedley George, gentleman, 6, Walker-ter Hedley Mrs. Jane, 18, Woodbine terrace Hedley Jobn, cabinet maker (Hedley and Burn); bo. 16, Higb-street Hedley Jobn, teacber, Windy Nook Hedley Josepb, printer, 23, and provision dealer, 62, Higb-street Hedley Micbael, draper's assistant, St. Cuthbert's-place Eledley Pvalpb, brazier, 10, Higb-street Hedley Eobert, bootmaker, 199, Higb-st Hedley Thos. vict. The Plough Inn, East-st Hedley WiUiam, saddler, 2-1, Bottle-bank; bo. 23, Churcb-street Hedley WiUiara, plumber, 4, Rottle-bank Hedley William S. butcber. Windy Nook Hedwortb Anthony, spade bandle manu- facturer, Dunston Henderson J. \ict.Oak Tree Inn, Wrekenton Henderson Bartholomew, engineer; bo. Salt-meadows, Soutb-sbore Henderson Thomas, butcber, 30, Bottle- bank; bo. Grosvcnor-street Henderson Charles Douglas, surgeon, 31, Melbourne street Henderson George, clerk at Abbot's, Higb- street Heppell G.ironfounder; ho.Mount-pleasant Heppell Josepb, tailor, Winlaton HeppellJosepbE.gentleman,LowBensbam Heppell Robert, ironfounder,Pipewell-gate ; bo. Mount-pleasant Heppell Wm. ironfounder; bo. Taylor-ter Herbert Piev. Samuel Asber, curate of Gateshead; bo. 6, Woodbine-place Heron George, foreman. Teams Heslop Margaret, milliner, 2, Easton -court High-street Hetherington Ebzabetb, lodgings, 38, Mel- bourne-street 3b Hetherington Isaac, cheese factor, Higb-st Hetherington John, provision dealer, 4.9, High- street Hetherington Eobert, parish clerk, teacber of National School, and bookbinder, Sheriff Hill Hewison MaryAnn, prov, dlr. Pipewell-gate Hewitt James, furniture broker, 45, High-st ho. 189, High-street Hills & Davidson, prov. dealers, 1, Mul- grave -terrace B[ildretb John, flour dealer, Wrekenton Hildyard George, bootmaker, Heworth-lane Hillyard Benj. clerk, 16, Bloomiield-terrace Hillyard John, clerk, Nelson-street Hills Jane, lodgings, top of Walker-terrace, Windmill-bills Hind Mrs. Ann, Hewortb Hind Blakestone, spade manufacturer (J. and B. Hind) ; Holly-bill Hind Jas. & B. spade manufrs. Hewortb Hind James, spade manufacturer (J. & B. Hind) ; ho. Hewortb Hindmarch Jane, vict. Windmill Inn, 4, Charles-street Hindmarch Josepb, teacher, Wrekenton Hindmarch AVm. innkeeper, Pelaw Main Hird Henry, gentleman, Wbickbam Hobson Micbael, gentleman, Eussell-ter Hockin Bartholomew, foreman, 133, Pleasant-row Hodgson Joseph, provision dealer, and beer retailer, 11, Brunswick-terrace Hodgson Eicbard, Wellington grindstone manufacturer, Felling Shore and at Quay; bo. Low Fell Hodgson Thos. butcber & farmer, Swalwell. Hodgson William, butcher, 6, Bot'.le-bank ' ho. High West-street Hogarth Thos. clerk, 5, Waterloo-terrace Hogg John, provision dealer, High Felling Hogg Eobert, beer retailer, Blackwall Hogg Thos. vict. Edinhurgh Castle Inn, 41, Bottle-bank Hogg Wm. teacber. High Felling Hoggett Elizabeth, furniture, broker, 169, Higb-street Flolmes Henry, vict. Beptford House Inn, Blackwall Holmes Wm. E. grocer's assistant, Cross-st PToneyman J. insm-ance agent. The Crescent Hood Anthony & Co. timber merchants, Blackwall; office, Broad-chare, Quay,. Newcastle Hood James, ropemaker. High-street Hood Simon, beer retailer, Blaydon Hope John, pohce inspector, Bridge-street 403 GATESHEAD AXP DISTHICT DIEECTOEY. Hope Joseph, joiner, Fife-street Hopper John, miller, Trinity-street; lio. 102 & 103, High-street Hopper Joseph, vict. and brewer, OaTncell- gate Inn, OakweU-gate Hopper Thos. provision dealer, Blaydon Hopper ^\m. shipscrew inaniifactm'er, Foot of Hillgate ; ho. 3, Melbourne-street Hop wood Eobert, hat manufacturer, II, Bottle-bank Hornsby, Wm. butcher, 66, High-street Horsley John, draper's assistant, 9, Ravens- worth-terrace HoiTocks Jas. prov. dealer, Easton-court Howdon Thos. prov. dealer, Winlaton Howdon Thos. tailor, & farmer, "Winlaton Howe Hannah, prov. dealer, Blue Quanies Howe John AUgood, pawnbroker, 84, High-street ; ho. 1, Barriagton-place Howie Captain, Saltwell Cottage Howie WiUiam, brazier, 97, High-street Ho-nie Wm. furniture broker, 18'2, High-gt Hoyle Richard, oil and lampblack manufac- turer, (Hoyle,Robson, & Co.), Swalwell; ho. Denton Hall Hoyle, Piobson, & Co.oilmills, Felling Shore and colour manufacturers. Bill Quay Huart John, quarryman, Blue Quarries Hudson Jas. gentleman, Ban-in gton-villa H idson John. prov. dlr. Blaydon-burn Hudspeth John, cabinet maker, 10, High-st Hudspeth Thomas, cabinet maker, High- street ; ho. Oakwell-gate Hull Ehzb. provision dealer, Pipewell-gate Hull Luke, foreman with Abbott ; ho. S, King TN'illiam- street Humble Chas. brewer (Smith & Co.) ; ho. 3, Trafalgar-street Humble EiLvard, innkeeper, Blaydon Humble John, painter, 31, Bridge-street ; ho. 10, Pilgrim-street, Newcastle Hume Jos, post office clerk, 8, Easton-court Hume Peter, tailor, 20, Grosvenor-street Humphrey Wm. butcher, Oakwell-gate, and at South-shore Hunt John, taHor, Holly-hill, Felling Huntley George, overman of Hoyle's works, Swalwell Hunter Andrew, quanyman, "Wrekenton Hunter Collingwood, vict. Joiners' Arms Inn, Wrekenton Hunter^Esther, dressmaker, Lambton-st Hunter George, coal merchant, Elmpark and Charlaw ; coal depots, Half Moon- lane; ho. Milfield-teiTace Hunter John, sohcitor, 8, Bridge-street ; ho. 21, Bloomfield-ten-ace Hunter John, agent, 4, Cotfield-teiTace Hunter Saml. agent, 13, Eavensworth-ter Hunter Samnel, foreman at Abbott's, Cramer-dykes Hunter Wm. provision dealer, Wrekenton Hunter V\'m. vict. The Swan Inn, Park-st Hurst ^lar}-, lodgings, 3, Lambton-terrace Hurst IMary, provision dealer, Winlaton Hurst Mary, lodgings, 3, Lambton-terrace Hurst Vrilliam, smith, &c. Winlaton Hurst William, provision dealer, Winlaton Husband Anna, 36, Melbourne-street Hutchinson Conyers, commercial traveller, 2, Eavensworth-terrace Hutchinson James, cooper, Blaydon Hutchinson Mary, teacher, Peareth-place Hutchinson Wm. grocer, 9, High-street; ho. Peareth-place Hutchinson WiUiam, joiner and cartwright. Low Felling ; ho. Crow Hall Cottage Hutchinson C. commercial travlr.2,Ravens- worth terrace Hutton Ann, dressmaker. Low Fell Hutton Thomas, beer retailei', Low Fell Hymers Jane, innkeeper, Blaydon Hymers Joseph, gentleman. Borough-field Hymers Jos. Abbot, iron founder and lime burner, Hymer's-court ; ho. E} ton Hymers Wm. gentleman, 2, Walker-terrace IDLE Benjamin, cheesemonger,27,High-st Dderton John, vict. Goat Inn, 19, Bottle-bk Imeary Eobert, alkali cris. soda, &:c. manu- facturetjHeworth Shore ; ho.JaiTowLodge Ingham Joseph provision dealer, 85, High- street ; ho. Jackson's-chare Inglis Mary, toll collector. Low Team-gate Inglis John, -sict. Glass Makers' Arms Inn, Chatham In graham Jas. medicine vendor, Wrekenton Ingram Eev. Wm. ('Wesleyan),15, Ellison- street Inness Charles, butcher, 178, High-street lonn Frdk. Peter, draper, 213, High-street, and 1, Hill-street Iredale Lancelot, forgeman, 46, Mel- bourne-street Ismay John, provision dealer, Wickham Irvine & Co. mustard mnfrs. Oakwell-gate Irving Mary, lodgings, 11, Elhson-street Irving Wmiam, bookbinder, Grosvenor-st Irwin Surtees, manager, Xewc. & Car. Ky. Station, Eedheugh ; ho. Melbourae-st , Iveson Thomas, butcher, Heworth Shore Ivison Phihp, provision dlr. Windmni-hills I^-ison Pruddah, provision dealer, Gros- venor-street ood-terrace Phillips John, coal owner, Seym our- terrace Pickering Mrs. Jane, 2, Union-place Pigg Thomas, tailor & draper. High Felling Piper Henry, agent, 9, Bloomfield-terrace Plummer Rev. Matthew, M.A. incumbent, Heworth Plummer Matthew, merchant (M. Plummer and Co. 39, Quay, Newcastle); ho. Sheriff Hill House Plumpton Jas, paper hanger, painter, &-c. 13, Cannon-street Pollock James Esq. J.P. Bensham Cottage Poole Henry, manager of bottle works, Blaydon Porter Ralph, cabinet maker, High Felling Porter Robert, com. traveller, 6, Airey-ter Porteus James, tailor, Oakwell-gate-chare ; ho. Carr's Hill Potter Addison L. coke manufacturer, Blay- don-heugh ; ho. Heaton Hall Potts John Cuthbert, wine and spirit mer- chant, 14, High-street; ho. Windmill-hills Potts Edward, shopkeeper, Oakwell-gate Potts Robert, tailor and draper. Low Felling Powell Jas. earthenware dlr. 120, High-st Preston David, tailor, 199, High-street Price Joseph, (Executors of,) Durham Glass Works, Pipewell-gate Pringle Francis, beer retailer. Low Felhng Pringle Geo, gentleman, 3, Woodbine-ter Prior Thomas, beerhouse, Pipewell-gate Probert Henry, provision dealer, 198, High- street ; ho. 2, Fenwick terrace Prockter Bryan John, glue mnfr. Pipewell- gate; ho. 15, Regent-ter, Newcastle Proctor Thomas, assistant clerk of County Court, Town-hall; ho. Northumberland- court, Newcastle Proctor John, hardware dlr; ho. Ellison-st Proudlock John vict. Black Horse Inn, Low Fell Proud Mrs. Ann, Whicklam Proud Eleanor, grocer & draper, Swalwell Proud George, butcher, Richardson's place Proud Joseph, prov. dlr. and drap. Carrs Hill Proud Sarah, provision dlr. Windy Nook Prudhoe An thy . y'lci.Long Boat Inn, Blay don Punshon George, fruiterer and confectioner, 24, Bottle-bank ; ho. Oakwell-gate Punshon Wm. professor of music, Low Fell Purvis Francis, prov, dealer. Sheriff Hill Purvis John, tripe preparer, Pipewell-gate Pyle Geo. provision dealer, 31, Charles-st RAILTON John, butcher, 208, High-street; ho. Church -walk Ramsay George Heppel, colliery owner, Blaydon Main, coke manufacturer, Der- wenthaugh, and lire brick manufacturer, Swalwell; office, Newcastle; ho. Derwent- villa Ramsay John Taylor, engineer & manager, Blaydon Main Colliery; ho. Whagg's House, Whickham RamsayThomas, general manager, Derwent- haugh Ramsay Thomas, agent, Blaydon Ramsay William, viewer, Blaydon -burn Ramsey Ann, mai'ine store and provision dealer. High Felling Rand William, bootmaker, Lambton-street Rankin Elizb. Cath. milliner, Lambton-st Rankin James, house agent, Lambton-st Rankin Robert, printer, 38, Bottle-bank ; ho. 1, Lambton-terrace Ranson Ann, dressmaker, 2, Ellison-street Rawling Robert, tinsmith. Felling Shore Rawling Thomas, farmer, Borough Wliite House, Bensham Rayne John, vict. Black Boy I;jn, Winlaton 408 OATESHEAD AND DISTHICT DIRECTOEY. Eeadhead Jolin, farmer, Hebburn Quay Eeadhead Rbt. cabinet mkr. Heworth Shore Eea Elizabeth, provision dealer, 174, High street ; ho. 22, Ellison-street Eeay John, butcher and provision dealer, Hewortb-lane Eeay John, hairdresser, 27, Church-street Eedhead John, provision dlr. Low Felling Eedhead Eobert,shipbuilder,Hebburn Quay EedshawEmanuel, tailor (Eedshaw&Son) ; ho. 79, High-street Eedshaw J ohn,victO Id Engine Inn, 'Loyv'F ell Eedshaw John, tailor (Eedshaw & Son) ; ho. 79, High- street Eedshav? Middleton, organist, 79, High-st Eedshaw & Son, tailors, 79, High-street Eeed — Miss, teacher, Heworth Grove Eeed Charles John, brewer (John Barras and Co. ;) ho. 12, Carlton-tei\ Newcastle Eeed Edward T. miller, Windmill-hills and Newcastle Eeed Henry E. ironmonger(Mather&Eeed); ho. 14, Woodbine-terrace Eeed John, hinges & ringmaker, Winlaton Eeed John, prov. dlr. and drpr. Winlaton Eeilly Edward, beerhouse, Hillgate Eeilly John, provision dealer, Oakwell-gate Eenwick James, shoe and clog-plate maker, Winlaton Eenwick John, ironfounder and smith, 2, Graham sley-street Eenwick John & Son, chainmkrs. Winlaton Eenwick Mary, vict. Red Lion Inn, Winlaton Eenwick Eichard, provision dealer, Winlaton EenwickWatson,shoe and clog-plate maker, Winlaton Eenwick William, 21, Charles-street Eevell Eichard, provision dealer,Wrekenton Eevely Catherine, vict. Commercial Hotel, Half Moon-lane Eewcastle John, copperas manufacturer; ho. JBruuswick- street and at Hylton, near Sunderland Eeynolds Joseph, marine store dealer, 90, High-street Eichards James, &: Co. glass bottle manuftr. Bill Quay _ Eichards Elizabeth, bottle manufacturer (James Eichards & Co.) ; ho. The Hall Eichardson Amelia, milliner, 183, High-st Eichardson John, butcher, Mulgrave-ter j ho. Victoria- street Eichardson J. H. & T. firebrick manufac- turers,Eabbit-bnks. office, Quay,Newcastle Eichardson Mary, ^ict. Brunswick Hotel, Brunswick-street Eichardson Eobert, vict. Blaydon-burn Eichardson Steph. bootmaker. Sheriff Hill Eichardson Thos, joiner and cabinet maker, Winlaton Eichardson Peter, vict. Jug Inn, Carr's Hill Eichardson Thomas, market gardener, Low Benshara Eichai'dson Thomas, vict. Grey Horse Inn, 42, High-street Eichardson Thos. vict. New Inn, Whickhara Eichardson Wm. bootmaker, 185, High-st Eichardson William, prov. and toy dlr. 183, High-st Eichardson Wm. E. teacher, Hume Cottage, Cobdeu-terrace Eickaby William, manager. Sheriff Hill Eidley Aaron, grocer, 34, Bridge-street Eidley Thos. vict. Railway Hotel, Hill-st Eippon Chas. Procter, butcher, 28, Bridge-st Eobertson John, miller and manufacturer of patent malt, 13, Jackson-street, and at Low Felling ; ho. 13, Jackson-street Eobinson Dinah, teacher, Carr's Hill Eobinson Francis, vict. Black Bull Inn, Hill Felling Eobinson George, vict. Deptford House Inn, Black wall Eobinson Jacob, hair dresser, 70, High-st Eobinson James, provision dealer, and beer retailer, Trinity-street Eobinson John, butcher, 12, Bridge-street; ho. Cannon-street Eobinson John, com. traveller, 3, Cotfield-ter Robinson J. J. teacher, Whickham Eobinson John Johnstone, postmaster, Whickham Eobinson John Herring, clerk, 3, Eavens- Avorth-terrace Eobinson John Walton, cheesemonger, Sec. 16, Bottle-bank; ho. Freeman's-terrace Eobinson Joseph, miller and farmer, Blay- don-burn Eobinson Martin, mason, Taylor-terrace Eobinson Eobert, provision dealer, Blaydon Eobinson William, surgeon, 9, West-street Eobson Adam, clerk. Friar's Goose Eobson Barron, vict. Three Tuns Inn, Sheriff Hill Eobson Edwd. fruit mercht. Claremont-place Eobson Geo. joiner and cartwright, Low Fell Eobson Bartholomew, butcher. Bill Quay Eobson Daniel, farmer & horse dlr. Shipcote Eobson Easton, gentleman, Easton-court Eobson Edward and Co. chain and anchor manufacturers, Swalwell Eobson George, chain, &c. manufacturer (Edward Eobson and Co.); ho. Swalwell Eobson George, provision dealer, Low Fell GATESKEAC ANt) DISTRICT DIRECTOBY. 409 Eobson George, painter, 2, Ellison-street; ho. Jackson-street Robson Henry, mason. Low Fell Eobson Henry, vict. Seven Stars Inn, Wrekenton Eobson Isab. schoolmisti'ess, Melbourne-st Eobson James Watson, provision dealer, Sheriff Hill Eobson Jane, teacher, Wrekenton Eobson John, chain, &c. mannfactm^er (Edward Eobson and Co.); ho. Swalwell Eobson Joseph, farmer, Back Field Eobson J. engine builder, Blackwall ; ho. Ellison-street Eobson James, dairyman, Sheriff Hill Eobson John, clerk, Winlaton Eobson John, beerhouse, GO, High-street Eobson John, hat manufacturer, Pipe well- gate ; ho. High -street Eobson John, provision dealer, Swalwell Eobson John, draper (J. and W. Eobson); ho. Windmill-hills Eobson John, farmer, Heworth Eobson John S. vict. Half Moon Inn, Wre- kenton Eobson Jonathan, engine builder. Black- wall ; ho. 1, Ellison-street Eobson Jonathan, tallow-chandler,19,High- street; ho. Windmill-hills Eobson Josepli, clerk, 1, Eavensworth-ter Eobson Joseph, farmer, Backfield House Eobson J. and W. drapers, 13, High-street Eobson Mrs. Margaret, 56, High-street Eobson Mary, vict. Sun Inn, High-street Eobson Ealph, manager, Bill Quay Eobson Eobert, dyer, 16, Mulgrave-terrace; ho. Manor Cottage Eobson Samuel, clerk, 8, Melbourne-street Eobson Thomas, bootmaker, Windmill-hills Eobson Thomas, saddler. Court-place; ho. 23, Melbourne-street Eobson Thomas, tailor, High Felling Eobson Thomas Shafto, coal merchant, Half Moon-lane, and provision dealer, Wrekenton Eobson Wm. clerk, 1, Eavensworth-terrace Eobson Wilham, draper (J. & W. Eobson) ; ho. Sheriff Hill Eockett Wilson, fishmonger, 38, Bottle-bank Eoddam Ann, straw bonnet maker, Low Felling Eogerson George, vict. Gray Mare Inn, Wrekenton Eogerson Philip, builder, Wrekenton Eosenbohan Cath. pawnbroker, Church-st Eoutledge Eobert, prov. dealer, and butcher, 3j Mulgrave-terrace 2bS Eowe Jeremiah, hosier, 212, High-street Eowe Thomas, cheesemonger, &c. 219, High-street ; ho. Victoria-street Eowland William, provision dealer, Eabbit- banks Eudd Eev. Eichard, B.A. curate, Winlaton Eutherford John, bootmaker, Blaydon Rutherford Eobert, prov. dealer, Quarry Field Eutherford Thomas John, academy, Mul- grave-terrace; ho. 22, Ellison-street Eutter Mark, vict. Brandy Vaults Inn, 11, Church-street SADLEE Matthew, prov. dlr. Pipewell-gate Sanderson Edward, landing waiter; ho. 8, Union-row Sanderson Henry, farmer, Swalwell Sanderson Ealph, cabinetmaker, 28, Bottle- bank; ho. 3, Nelson-street Sanderson Thomas, dealer in sundries, Sheriff Hill Sandwith Sarah, prov. dealer, 95, High- street Schorey William Henry, superintendent of borougn police, Town Hall Scott Mrs. David, 8, Claremout-terrace Scott Miss Hannah, High-street Scott the Misses, Hood's-buildings, Wind- mill-hills Scott Henry, Com. Bank, 4,Claremont-place Scott James, vict. Half Moon Inn, 13, Bridge-street Scott James & Son, brewers, 13, Bridge- st Scott Jno. agent for the sale of the Governor and London lead Go's, lead and litharage, Blaydon Scott John, agent to the Hemitune Iron Co. Blaydon Scott John, butcher, Sheriff Hill Scott Joseph, butcher. Felling Shore Scott Eobert, railway-engine driver and grocer, Musgrave-terrace Scott Eobert, butcher, Bill Quay Scott Eobert, brewer (J. Scott & Son); ho. 13, Bridge-street Scott Thos. H.M. customs, 16,Claremont-i3l Selkirk Dorothy, Wrekenton Selkirk Mrs. Martha, Windmill-hills Shafto Thos. H. flour dlr. 223, Higli-street Shannon Michael, beer retailer, Cannon-st Sharp Mary, milliner, 223, High-street; ho. 21, Bottle-bank Shaw Joshua, provision dlr. Felling Shore Shaw Thomas, gentleman, Wickham Shepherd Wilham, smith, Brandling-street; ho. Garden -court 410 GATESHEAD AND DISTRICT DIRECTOET. Shield Robert, proTision dealer and post- master, Svralwell Shield Thomas, spade and shovel manu- factm-er, Swalwell Shivers George, bookseller, 64, High-st ; ho. 4, Scott's-yard Shotton Ann, confectr. 172, High-street Shotton Mary, dealer in sund. Low Felling Sill George, assistant overseer, surveyor of highvrays, rates collector, and registrar of births, deaths, and marriages, for the Heworth district, High Felling Sill Mrs. Jane, Low FelUng Sin Thos. flour dealer, 194, High-street Simm John, bone crasher & chareoal dust manufactm-er, Nuu's-lane Simm Jon. dlr. in earthenware, Pelaw Main Simm John, ^ict. George (& Dragon Inn 28, Bridge-street Simm iNlaiy, provision dealer, HeworthShore Simm Thomas, butcher, 141. High-street; ho. 28, Bridge sti-eet Simon Miss, teacher, Wickham Simpson John, ^ict. Half-way House Inn, High Felling Simpson John, beerhouse, High Felling Simpson Stephen, grocer and flour dealer, TVrekenton Simpson "^Mlliam, clerk in District Bank, 3, Hall-teiTace Simpson Wm. provision dlr. Felling Shore Singers Archibald, ^inegar, &c. mnfr. (H. Singers & Co.); ho. 8, Leazes-terrace, Newcastle Singers Hew & Co. vinegar manufacturers and spirit merchants, Hillgate Singers Hew, vinegar, Szc. manufactm-er ( H. Singers it Co.) ; ho. 8, Leazes-terrace, Newcastle Slater John, miller, Swalwell Small David, cabinet maker, Dun Cow-yard, High-street Smart Mrs. Elizabeth, High Hewortli Smith Anthony, beer retailer and brewer, Winlaton Smith Charles, butcher, 2, Bottle Bank ; ho. Ocean-terrace Smith Eleanor, dressmaker, 5, Lambton-ter Smith Ellen, dealer in sundries, Bensham Smith ISIr. Henry, 22, West-street Smith Henry, tailor and draper, Low Fell Smith Jane, dlr in sundries. Felling Shore Smith Jane, lodging-house, Elhson-street Smith John, brewer, farmer, and malster, Winlaton Smith John, vict. JDu?i Cow Inn, 31, High-st Smith John & Co. brewers, Ellison-street Smith John, brewer (J. Smith and Co.) ; ho. 5, Trafalgar-street, Newcastle Smith John Ford, academy, Melboume-st ; ho. 1, Jackson-street Smith MaiWjvict. T''u/ca?i^r7nsJn7i,Winlaton Smith Maiy Ann, prov. dlr. Pipewell-gate Smith Philip, butcher and spade manu- facturer, 22, Bottle Bank Smith Thomas, builder, High-street, and provision dealer. High Felling Smith Thomas, vict. Coach and Horses Lui, Wrekenton Smith Thomas;, agent. St. Cuthbert's-place Smith Thomas, bootmaker, Ellison-square Smith Thomas, lemonade manufacturer, &c. 16, High-sti'eet ; ho. 7, Swinburne-place Smith Yv'illiam, vict. Five Wand Mill Inn^ Benshara-bank Smith WilHam, saddler, 26, High-street Smith "William, painter, etc. Blaydon Snaith Joseph, boot maker, and vict. Plough Inn, Sberifi" Hill Snowball James, butcher and proA'ision dlr. Hill-street Snowball John, joiner, Swalwell Snowball Mai-y, prov. dealer, Melboume-st Snowball WiUiam, draper, Bottle-bank; ho. 11, MulgraveteiTace Snowdon John, tailor, 33. High-street Snowdon John, grocer, Hood's-villa, Wind- mill-hiUs Snowdon Thomas, miUer and farmer. Blue Quarries Sobers William, joiner, See. High-street Sofiley John, vict. Staith Inn, Stella Softley Samuel, marble mason, 1, Oakwell- gate Soulsby Thomas, manager of Hoyle, Robsoa ct Co.'s oil mills, Felhng Shore Soursbie Piev. Eobert, curate, Wickham . Southern Geo. firebrick mnfr. (Southern^& I Y>'atson); ho. Eibblesworth T South ernGeo.Wm.firebrick mnfr. (Southern & Watson ) ; ho. Eibblesworth Southern John Michael, fire brick man fir. (Southern it Watson); ho. Springwell Southern itWatson,firebrick manufacturers, Dunston Sowerby John, fiintglass mnfr. New Stour- bridge, Piabbit-banks ; ho. Shipcote Sowerby Thomas, farmer, Low Fell Spai'k Joseph, dh-. in sundiies, Sherin'Hill Speck Eev. Thomas, curate of Gateshead, 1, Catherine-teiTace Spedding David, innkeeper, Brunswick-st Spence Henry, draper, 17, Bloomfield-ter Spence Thomas, bootmaker, Yictoria-street GATESHEAD AND DISTKICT DIRECTORY. 411 Spencer John &Son, forge worlds, Blay don- burn ; ho. Newburn Spencer Michael, manfr. of forgework, &c. (J. & M. Spencer); ho. Swahyell Spencer Joseph & Michael, manufacturers of forgework, &c. ; SNvahvell Spencer Philip, iron founder, Swalwell Spencer Tbomas, tailor, Sheriif Hill Spencer Wm. ropemaker (Dixon, Corbitt& Co.); ho. 15, Eavenswoith- terrace Spooner Joseph, provision dealer, 1, Bloom- field-t^rrace Spreggon Eobert, baker. High Felhng Springman Charles F. schoolmaster Springmann Frederic, agent, 4, Union-row Stark Ann, provision dealer, Felling Shore Stark John, tailor and sexton, Wickham Steel Mary Ann, grocer, Low Fell Steel '^YiLLiam, provision dealer, 10, Hillgate Stephenson Clement, vict. & butcher, 101-2, High-st. & the Waggon Inn, High-street Stephenson Ehzabeth, lodgings, Nelson-st Stephenson Foster, vict. Bay Horse Inn, Windy Nook Stephenson G-eo. provision dealer. Low Fell Stephenson Geo. quarryman. Sheriff Hill Stephenson George, butcher, Low Fell Stephenson James, builder & contractor. Sheriff Hill Stephenson John, butcher. High Felling Stephenson Mrs. Mary, 53, High-street Stephenson Eobt. engineer, 4,Hardwicke-ter Stephenson Y/m. butcher, Sheriff Hill Stephinson James, toll collector, Low ■ Felling-gate Sterhrg Jane, fruiterer, 211, High-street ; ho. Young's-buildings Steven John, painter, &c. Colliugwood-ter Stevenson Henry Eichmond, surgeon, Whickham Hall Stevenson John Heniy, surgeon, Whick- ham Hall Stewart Andrew, agent, Cromwell-terrace, Bensham Stewart Josph. hairdresser, 187, High-st Stewart Eobert provision dlr. Sheriff Hill Stewart Tbos. W. Stevi art--nlace Stewart Thomas, vict. Ellison Arms Inn, Hebburn Stobbs & Co. grocers, &c. 224, High -street Stobbs John, grocer and brewer (Stobbs & Co.) ; ho. 2-^4, High-street Stobbs Margaret, butcher, 100, High-street Stobbs Jsph. boot and shoemkr. "W^inlaton Stokes John B. plumber and painter, Low Fell Stokoe Bartholomew, skinner, Blaydou Storey Joseph, master mariner, Liddell- terrace Story Jane lodgings, Brunswick-street Story Mich, provision dealer, Wrekenton Stothard Edwd.Hewison,overseer, Hebburn Stott, Frederick Geo. saddler, V/rekenton Straker Geo. shipowner, Catherine-place Stratmore Ealph, tailor, Low Fell Struthers — , master of Union School Workhouse, Union-lane Strong Jonathan, sand mill. Sheriff Hill Stubbs Josph. provision dealer, Blaydon Summerbeil Parmella, butcher, High-street Surtees Robert, smith. Teams Surtees Eobert, beer retail er&smith, Teams Sutherland Eobt. E.N. Collingwood-terrace Swaby Eichd. general merchant, and paint manufacturer; paint and colour works, New Chatham; ho. 1, Cotfield-terrace, Bensham Swalwell Benjamin, bootmaker, Sheriff Hill Swan Elizb. post mistress. High Felling Swan Geo. eating house keeper,Bottle-bank Swan James, farmer, Lamesley Swan Eichd. vict. Sivan Inn, Winlaton Swinburne Joseph Willis, sohcitor, clerk to Commissioners of Taxes for Chester, Ward, clerk to Trustees of Durham ancl Tyne Bridge Eoad, High Level- s treet ; ho. West-street TALBOT Wm.cabinet maker, Windmill-hla Tate & Brown, stone mrchts. Heworth-lane Tate Geo. vict. Ship Inn, South Shore Tate James, road contractor, Cobden-ter Tate Eobert, stone merchant, (Tate and Brown) ; ho. Heworth-lane Tate Thos. road contractor, Cobden-terrace Taylor Al^xr. provision dealer, Teams Taylor Daniel, vict. Masons' Arms Inn, Bill Quay Taylor Josph.vict.i?Za^(io?iA^6wl7i?z,Blaydon Taylor Joseph, cart proprietor, Nuns'-lane Taylor Joseph, millwright. Windmill-hills; ho. 1, Prospect-terrace Taylor Joseph, qnarryman, 22, Jackson-st Taylor Matthew, brewer and malster, Swal- well and Dunstou ; ho. Whickham Taylor Thomas, farmer, Dockendale Hall, Whickham Taylor Willam, miller, Hood's Mill, Wind- mill-hills Teasdale John, cooper, 11, Bridge sti'eet ho. Church-street Teasley Margaret, dressmaker, Ocean-terr Tempest Elizabeth, provision dealer, St. Edmund's-place 41^ GATESiiEAD AND DISTRICT DIRECTORY. Temple Josepi, teacher, Dun Cow-yard, High-street; ho. Walker-terrace Ttnch John, provision dealer and draper, Winlaton Tench Wm. grocer and draper, Blaydon Thatcher Anthony, glass manuftr. Blaydon Thew Roger, colliery viewer. Friar's Goose Thirlaway John, farmer and vict. Lamesley Thirlaway Robert, agent to Leith Steam Packet Co. 4, King William-street Thompson Andrew, butcher and farmer. High Felling Thompson Andrew, farmer, Can-'s Hill Thompson Andrew, engine &c. manuftr. (G. C. & A. Thompson); ho. Winlaton Thompson Ben. J. agent, Mount Greenwich ThompsonBrothers, iron manufacturers, &c. Dunston and Winlaton Thompson Christopher, provision dealer and beer retailer, Nun's-lane Thompson Cuthbert, engine &c. manuftr. (G. C. & A. Thompson) ; ho. Winlaton Thompson G. C. & A. engine, nail, chain, patent ring, hinge, &c. manufacturers, Winlaton & Dunston Thompson Geo. jun. manager, ho. Winlaton Thompson Geo. beer retailer, LowBensham Thompson Geo. jun. agent, Dunston Thompson John, engineer, Marley-hill Thompson John, agent, Melbourne-street Thompson John, vict. Dun Cow Inn, Cow-hill Thompson John, provision dealer, Blaydon Thompson John,hootmaker, Windmill-hills Thompson John, butcher. Sheriff-hill Thompson John, gentleman, 13, Bloom- field-terrace Thompson John, provision dlr. Bottle-bank Thompson John, superintendent of Chester division Durliam County Police, and inspector of weights & measures, County Police Station, Gateshead Thompson Joseph, prov. dlr. High Felling Thompson Mark, mas. mar. Freeman's- ter Thompson Mary, provision dlr. Hebburn Thompson Matthew, architect, West-street Thompson Mrs. provision dealer, Sun-st Thompson Thos. spirit merchant, Mount- pleasant Thompson Thomas, bootmaker, and beer retailer. Ravensworth-ten-ace Thompson Wm. pipe manufr. 22, Bottle-bk Thompson Wm. watchmaker, 74, High-st; ho. 12, Nun's-lane Thompson Wm. L. currier, 16, Bottle-bank; ho. 17, Charles-street Thompson William, commercial traveller Mount-pleasant Thompson Wm. boatbuilder (Dobson and Thompson); ho. South Shore Thornhill John, librarian to Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society, 5, Mulgrave-terrace Thynn Ann, provision dealer, Oakwell-gate Timney Charles, beer retailer, High Felling Tindale John, agent, 12, Jackson-street Tinkler Geo. beer retailer, 40, Melbourne-st Tinn Mr. John, Bensham Tire Ann, dealer in sundries. Low Fell Todd Joseph, lemonade and soda water manufacturer, Smith's-yard, Bottle -bank Train EHas, provision dealer, Low Felling Trotter Edward, vict. Cock and Anchor Inn, 11, Canuon-sti'eet TuckerIsaac,vict.FoM?ifat7il7in,Pipewellgate Tucker Thomas and Son, brass founders, Pipewell-gate Tucker Thos. brassfounder and pipe maker (T. Tucker and Son) ; ho. Pipewell-gate Tully Henry, \\iUam IV. Low Fell Turnbnll Adam, Low Felling Turnbull Dennis, surgeon-dentist and med- ical-botanist, 92, High-street Turnbull Isaac, butcher, Low Felling Turnbull John, tailor, 17, High-street Turnbull Mary, milliner, 17, High -street Turnbull Wm. cheese factor, 3, High-street Turnbull Wm. cowkeeper. High-street Tyson James,provision dealer,20,Yictoria-st UNSWORTH J. N. clerk, 32, High-street Urwin Robt. butcher, 226, High-street, and Collin gwood-ter; ho. Colliugwood-terrace Urwin Thomas, provision dealer, Blaydon Usher John, agent, 13, Woodbine-terrace Usher John, registrar of marriages for the Gateshead district, assistant overseer, and rate collector; office, West-street; ho. 7, Woodbine-terrace Usher Miles, coal merchant. Half Moon- lane ; ho. Whickham VALENTINE Benjamin, master mariner, 9, Ellison-street Yeitch Anthony M. vict. Three Tuns Inn, Pipewell-gate Vickers John, grocer, Newcastle ; ho. 26, West-street Vint James (Tyne Paper Mill) ; ho. London WADE Edward, brick and tile manufac- turer, He worth Shore ; ho. Low Felling Wade Thomas, marine store dealer, Heworth Shore Wailes Anthony, butcher, Winlaton GATESHEAD AND DISTRICT DIRECTORY. 413 Wakefield Edwin, watchmaker, 78, Higli- street ; ho. Park-street Wakefield Eleanor, vict. Nags' Head Inn, 93, High-sti-eet Waldie Robt. beerhouse, Eabbit Banks Wales George, agent ; ho. Norwood Walker Forster, builder. West-street; ho. Walker-Tilla, Lony Fell Walker George, builder & timber merchant, Blaydon Walker Henry, gentleman, 13, Claremont-pl Walker James, gentleman, Low Fell Walker R. tailor, Winlaton Walker Piobert, manager to T. Burnett & Sons, Bill Quay Walker Eobert, tailor, Winlaton AValker & Snowball, brick and tile man- ufacturers, Pipewell-gate Walker Thos. agent, Blaydon-burn Walker Wm. manager to Commercial Bank, 5, Walker-terrace Wallace William, clerk, St. Edmund's place Walmsley Eliza, school, Melbourne-street Walmsley Emanuel, gentleman, 45, Mel- bourne-street Walters Miss Catherine, Whickham Walters Ptalph, Esq. Saltwell-villa Walton Thos. draper, 1, St. Cutbbert's-ter Wann Wm. hairdresser, Low Felling Ward Thos. importer of German goods, 170, High-st ; ho. Jackson-street Ward Wm.^dct. GreenTreeInn,Yel\mg^hoYe Wardell Piev. Henry, M.A.. r- 443 CASTLE WARD—- EAST DIYISION. Solicitor Sidney Marlow William John Blagdon-street Stationers and Bookbinders Alder Wm. Eidley-terrace Kobinson John, and chart seller, &c. Susses-steeet Steam Boat Owners Burn John, Bridge-street Morrison Edward, steamboat master ; ho. near the Harbour Bedhead Geo. Cowpen Quay Sidney M. W. J. Blagdon-st Surgeons Cocliburn Thos. Waterloo Mann Joseph, Bridge-street Murray Thos. Market-place Smith John. Waggon Hill House Ward Gilbert, and public vaccinator, &c. Bridge-st Tallow Chandler Parsons John, & ship owner, Ballast Hill Tailors Anderson Nathl. High Quay Clarkson J. Cowpen Quay Newsome Saml. Sussex-st Eichardson John, and inn- keeper, Northumberland-st Snowdon John, CowpenQuay Taylor Nicholas, Waterloo Temple Nathl. Northumber- land-street Turner Edward, Sussex-st Wilhs Thomas, CowpenQuay "Watch and Clock Makers Alder C. G. Northumbld.-st Heron John, Cowpen Quay Pape John, Market-place Conveyances by Eailway Blyth and Tyne Eailway Station, Cowpen Quay, Geo.Turner,8tation master Carriers To Elsdon^OUerburriyRoches- ter, and MorjJeth, Walter Best, from the Market- place, on Mondays To Rothhury, William Bell, from Blagdon-street, on Mondays To Shields, David Davidson, from Cowpen Quay, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays To Shields, William Bell, from Blagdon-street, on Thursdays WiUiam Smart, and John Southern, are also carriers Backwoeth is a township and tillage, tlie propert}'- of tlie Duke of Nortli- timbeiiand, The township contains 1,360 acres, and its rateable value is £4,961 7b. 7d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 163 ; in 1811, 157; in 1821, 243; in 1831, 412; in 1841, 413; and in 1851, 404 souls. There is a colherj in this township, worked by Humble, Lamb, & Co., which employs upwards of 300 persons. In ancient times Backworth was the property of the priors of Tynemouth, with whom it remained till the Disso- lution, when it was granted to the Grey family, from whom it was purchased by the Duke of Northumberland, for the sum of £95,000. The Village of Backworth is situated seven miles north-east of Newcastle. Here is a school towards the erection of which the Duke of Northumberland was a large con- tributor. Backworth House, in this township, the temporary residence of the Rev. H. Bunbury, incumbent of Sighill Church, is pleasantly situated in the midst of a fine plantation. Backworth Academy is conducted by Mr. Thomas Ramsay. Barron, John & William, farmers Brown John, innkeeper. Wheat Sheaf Inn Bunhury Eev. T. H. incumhsnt of Sighill Church Darling Heni-y, hutcher Dawson Joseph, joiner and cartwright Emhleton, John & Eohert, farmers, Back- worth Lane Farm Emhleton Robert, overseer, Backworth Lane Farm Hunter James, hanking agent^ Backworth Colliery Hunter William, Under viewer, Backworth Colliery Hurst Mr. Thomas G. head colliery viewer, Backworth Colliery Morpeth Anthony, shopkeeper Patterson John, foreman engineer, Back- worth Colliery Eamsay Mr. Thomas, Backworth Academy, Backworth, Newcastle Eohson Henry, farmer Thompson James, blacksmith Turner, Jas. & Thos. farmers, Holystone Urwin James, farmer Urwin John, farmer Urwin Ealph, farmer Younger, John & Wm. farmetSj Burradon EARSDON PAEIBH. 443 BcREADON, OE Brieede AN township is situated six and a half miles N.N-E. of Newcastle, and comprises an area of 536 acres. Its rateable value is £600, and the tithes amount to about £115 per annum. The population in 1801 was 29; in 1811, 48 ; in 1821, 52 ; in 1831, 67 ; in 1841, 97 ; and in 1851, 87 souls. Here are excellent freestone quarries and a colliery, the former is worked bj Mr. Tate, and the latter by the proprietors of Sighill Colliery. This estate was formerly the property of the late W. W. Ogle, Esq. of Causey Park, but it is at present in chancery. Here is a fine old tower, which, in 1552, was the residence of a member of the Anderson family. It is a large square edifice, built upon a rocky eminence, commanding an extensive view of the surrounding country, and originally consisted of three storeys, with an entrance on the eastern side. An arched vault, of twenty-one feet by eighteen, constitutes the ground floor, from v/hich a circular stone staircase leads to the upper apartments. The original covering of the building is gone, and the battlements, with the whole of the upper portion of the building, are in a state of great dilapidation. By means of a tile roof a part of this ancient pile has been rendered habitable, forming a portion of the adjoining farmstead, which is attached to two sides of the tower. Directory,— -John and William Younger, farmers, Earsdon is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Hugh Taylor, Esq. and others. The township embraces an area of 1,769 acres, and its rateable value is £2,279. 10s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 206; in 1811, 215 ; in 1821, 261; in 1831, 628; in 1841, 683: and in 1851, 551 souls. The manor of Earsdon was formerly the property of the priors of Tynemouth, as was also the parish tithes, with the exception of six shillings paid to the Abbey of St. Alban. The Duke of Northumberland is the present possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The Village of Eardon is pleasantly situated on a rocky eminence, two and a half miles W. from the sea, and four miles N.W. by N. from North Shields. The Church, dedicated to St. Alban, the proto-martyr of Britain, is a neat structure in the early English style of architecture, erected in 1836, at a cost of £2,200. It is situated at the east end of the site of the former church which was pulled down after the erection of the present structure. It contains 600 sittings, 200 of which are free, and being situated on an eminence, its tower can be discerned at a considerable distance by both sea and land. It was consecrated by the Lord Bishop of Durham on the 12th of October, 1837. The parish register commences in 1589. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Newcastle, is valued in the Liber Regis at £11^; gross income, £119. Rev. Henry Warkman, incumbent. The patronage is vested in the proprietors of the various estates throughout the parish. • The Primitive Methodists have a chapel here. Post Office, Earsdon, Michael Coleman, postmaster. Letters flrriye liere from Newcastle at 10 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 5-30 p,m. Ul CASTLE WARD — EAST DITISIOK. Aynsley Stephen, relieving officer Ban-as Alexander, butcher, EarsdonCollierj Bertram Thomas, joiner Bell Robert, colliery agent Blackburn John, shoemaker Blackburn Eobert, vict. Phoenix Inn Blackett "William, parish clerk Bolton Thomas, farmer Bowman Ralph, saddler Brown WDliam blacksmith Cooper Thomas, shopkeeper Curry Mary, dressmaker Davison Alexander, tailor Davison Francis, superintendent of police for the East Division of Castle Ward Dunn Edward, boot and shoemaker Edwards Mai-y and Son, grocers and pro\-i- sion dealers, and dealers in garden seeds Edwards John Richard, seedsman, &c Elliott Edward, stonemason and engraver Hislop George, schoolmaster Horsley George, grocer and fiour dealer, Bertram-place Lowes John, blacksmith Patterson John, master mariner Pyle Thos. H. surgeon & pubhc vaccinator Redhead Ann, dressmaker Robinson George, vict. Cannon Inn Short Maria, grocer and fioiu- dealer Storey Peter and George, farmers, Earsdon Grange Stewait John, fanner Taylor Hugh, commissioner to the Duke of Northumberland Taylor John stonemason Taylor Thomas John, colliery viewer TurnbuU John, vict. Red Lion Inn Warkman Rev. Henrj-, incumbent of Saint Alban's-church Watson Gawin, farmer, poor law guardian, overseer of highways, and overseer of the poor, Earsdon North West Farm Weatherbiu'n Jas. mole catcher & seedsman Hartley is a township and village in this parish, comprising, along with Seaton Delaval, 4/219 acres. Population in 1801, 1,639 ; in 1811, 1,87-2 ; in 1821, 1,795 ; in 1831, 1,850; in 1841, 1,911 ; and in 1851, 1,627 souls. The manor of Hartley was held of the barony of Gaugy, by knight's senice in the reign of King John, by Adam de Jesmont, and a mediety of it by Henry Delaval, in the reign of Richard II. The Delaval family afterwards acquired possessien of the entire mauor, and it is now the property of Lord Hastings. On Bate's Island, nearly opposite Hartley, there was formerly a chapel and hermitage dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The Tillage of Hartley is situated five miles and a half north of North Shields, and is principally inhabited by colhers, sailors, and fishermen. There is a Primitive Methodist Chapel here, and one belonging to the Wesley ans at Seaton Grove, a hamlet in this township, four and a half miles south of Blyth, Seaton Sluice, or Hartley Pans, is a village in the above township, containing in 1851, a population of 802 souls. It is situated about hah" a mile north of Hartley village, and four miles south of Blyth. It was formerly the property of the priors of Tynemouth, and afterwards of the Delaval family, from whom it passed to Lord Hastings, and subsequently to the Marquis of Waterford. Here are extensive bottle- works, in which many persons are employed. A Beading Boom was estabHshed in this village by the operatives of the place, in Apiil, 1853. The proprietors of the bottle-works gave them a suitable building, rent free, and encouraged, by eveiw means in their power, the >;\orkmen in their praiseworthy efforts at self-improvement. jMr. W. Marshall, secretary, and Mr. John Taylor, treasurer. The harbour here is one of great ciuiosity, having been cut through a solid rock. Its entrance is nine hundred feet long, tbh'ty feet broad, and fifty-two feet deep, and it is well worthy the attention of the stranger. The haven was EARSDON PARISH. 445 formed by Sir Ralpli Delaval, and was originally a short distance to the north, of small extent, dry at low water, and difficult of access. The river also made its course due east, until it was within a little way of the sea, and then by a sudden turn discharged itself due north. At the point of this angle the haven was made, and in its construction Sir Ralph found plenty to exercise his skill and patience. The stone pier which protected it from the north-east wind, was several times carried away by the sea, and when this difficulty was overcome, a new inconvenience arose, by the port becoming filled with mud and sand, though a pretty sharp rill ran through it. In order that this mischief might be removed, he placed a strong sluice, with flood-gates upon the brook, and these being closed by the coming in of the tide, the back water collected into a body and forcing a passage at the ebb, carried all before it, which, twice in twenty-four hours, scoured the bed of the haven. The cut through the solid freestone rock above-mentioned, and forming the present entrance to the harbour, was effected by the late Lord Delaval, from the plans of Thomas Delaval, Esq. The word Sluice was added to the name of this place, from the sluice and flood-gates at the entrance of the port. The harbour here was in great danger of being destroyed by the dreadful hurricane which took place on the 2nd of February, 1825. The wind blew a heavy gale from the northward, and the sea was tremendously high, which, with the tide, threatened the entire demolition of the harbour. A breach was made by the sea through one of the piers, but, by veiy great exertions, it was repaired before the next tide. The whole of the east side of the stone pier was destroyed, and the entrance to the old harbour blocked up. The vessels in the port, did not, however, sus- tain any damage. The Seaton Burn rivulet which falls into the sea at Seaton Sluice, rises near the Six Mile Bridge, on the Newcastle and Morpeth road, and flows in an eastern direction to the sea at this place Post Office, Seaton Sluice, James Chrisp, Postmaster. Letters arrive from North Shields at 10-20 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 3 p.m. Danson Jesse, teacher, Seaton Sluice Dryden Thomas, shipowner, Seaton Sluice Hartley Bottle Works, Timothy Linds- ley, chief clerk, John Barnsley and David Marshall, operative managers Jobr.ng George, shipowner Marine Insurance Association. — Wm. Marshall, secretary Patterson Mark, painter, Seaton Sluice Reading Eoom, Seaton Sluice — William Marsh alljsecretary; Jno.Taylor, treasurer Eeavely George, schoolmaster, Hartley Wandless Anthony, downwright or coalpit sinker, Hartley Colliery Watson Jno. corn miller, Hartley Water Mill Boot and Shoe Makers Cuthhertson George, Hartley Davison W'm. Seaton Sluic^ Fraser William, Seaton Sluice Hasson Patrick, Hartley Johnson WiUiam, Hartley Strangham William, Hartley Butchers Dixon Taylor, Seaton Sluice Gillespie John, and farmer, Seaton Sluice Maddison William, Hartley Farmers Bowers James, HartleyWater Mill Gillespie John, and butcher, Seaton Sluice Patterson Robert, Hartley Pattison Joseph, Hartley Potts Henry and Richard, Brierdon Taylor Robert, Crow Hall Grocery & Provision Dealers Carins Robert, Seaton Sluice Douglas Isabella, Seaton Sluice Fleck Maria Eleanor, Hartley 445 CASTLE WARD-^MST DIVISION. Gibson Cliarlotte, & draper, Seaton Sluice Grant Ann, Seaton Sluice Grieves John, Seaton Slnice Murray Alice, Hartley Pattinson Jno. Seaton Sluice Smith John, Seaton Sluice Thompson Margaret, Seaton Sluice Inns and Taverns Bee Hive, Thomas Finley; Clark's Houses Black Bull, Matthew Lynn, Hartley Delaval Arms, M. Chapman, Hartley Kings Arms, W. Watson, Seaton Sluice Melton Constable, William Mordue Shij:), James Chrisp, Seaton Sluice Three Horse Shoes Inn, Mrs. Eliz. Harrison, Hartley Waterford Arms, Isabella Patterson, Seaton Sluice Joiner k Cabinet Maker Gibson Eobert, Landing House, Seaton Sluice Smiths Brown William, Hartley Winter George, Hartley, Bottle Works Tailors Marked thus* are Merchant Tailors. * Carins Eobt. Seaton Sluice Cowens Eobt. Seaton Sluice Harrison Peter, Hartley Harper John. Hartley Ledman William, Hartley * Smith Neil, Seaton Sluice Carriers Edward Bradley, to North Shields, on Thursdays & Saturdays Thomas Bradley, to New- castle, on Thursdays and Saturdays John Smith, to Shields Holywell is a townsMp and village, the property of the Duke of Northum- berlaucl, and the executors of the late Pt. Bates, Esq. ofMilburn Hall. The township comprises an area of 1,180 acres, and its rateable value is £3,701. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 107 ; in 1811, 124 ; in 1831, 100 ; in 1831,478; in 1841, 1,164; and in 1861,1,134 souls. The rapid increase of the population observable in this township is attributed to the opening of collieries. The manor was formerly held in soccage of the Baliols by the Delavals wiio had property here in 1435. At present the manorial rights and privileges are possessed by the Duke of Northumberland. The Village of Holywell is situated five and a half miles N,N.W. of North Shields, and derives its name from Our Lady 'sWell, which is in the immediate vicinity; the medicinal properties of the water of this well were formerly much esteemed. It possesses the singular property of becommg of a puce colour when galls are mfused into it. The village consists of two inns, two shops, and several farm houses and cottages. East Holywell Colliery is, as its name implies, a colliery hamlet, con- sisting of four or five rows of cottages inhabited by the pitmen in the em- ployment 01 Hugh Taylor, & Co., the owners of tbe colliery here, of which Mr.. Robert Bell is cashier, and Mr. Robert Hann, under viewer. West Holywell Colliery is another hamlet in this township, and is inhabited by about 160 persons, who are employed in and about the collieiy which gives name to the hamlet. This colliery is now worked by the execu- tors of William Clarke, Thomas Taylor, John Buddie, and others, Here is a small Methodist Chapel, erected in 1829. The Blyth and Tyne Railway Company have a station here, George Horsley, station master. Seaton Terrace is also a hamlet in this township, situated on the Shields and Morpeth Turnpike Road, one mile north of Holywell. It consists of a row of neat and substantial stone cottages two stories high, and possesses two inns, besides two or three grocers' shops. It is chiefly inhabited by the working classes. _ KARSDON PABISH. 44r Post Office, West Holtvtell, James Thompson, postmaster.- Neweastle at 9.45 a.m, and are despatched thereto at G.25 p.m. -Letters arrive from Brown Ealph, imder-viewer, West Holywell Dixon Thomas, gardener, Holywell Hedley John, cashier, West Holywell Hann Kobert, under-viewer, East Holywell, Colliery ; ho. Blue House Farm Stevenson Jas. schoolmaster, West Holywell Boot and Shoe Makers Charlton AVilham, Holywell Clark Henry, Seaton TeiTace Butchers Barras Cuthbert, vict. Vic toria New Inn, Seaton Terrace Carr J. Seaton Terrace Dixon Thos. Hunter, Holy- well Marshall E, Holywell Fanners Meek E. Holywell Sankey Stephen, Holywell Grange Smith Hannah, Fenwick's Close Smith John, Fenwick's Close Smith William, Bank Top Grocers and Elour Dealers Enghsh Edward, Seaton Ter Jeffrey W= Holywell Smith Geo. Seaton Terrace Tait William, Seaton Terrace Temperley John, Holywell Thompson Jas. West Holy- well Inns and Taverns Fat Ox Inn, John Ell erington» Holywell Half Moon, E. Marshall, Holyv/ell Pmice Albert Inn, Sarah Elliott, Seaton Terrace Victoria Neio Inn, Cuthbert Barras, Seaton Terrace Joiner and Cartwright Pringle Eleanor, Holywell Smith & Agricultural Imple- ment Maker Eogers James, Holywell Tailors Bodger Matthew, Seaton Ter Bryce John, "Seaton Terrace Dawson James, merchant tailor, Holywell Harrison James, Seaton Ter Seaton Delaval is a toY/nsliip and village in tlie above parish, the property of Lord Hastings. The area of the township is included with that of Hartley, and its rateable value is £6,084. 12s. The population in 1801, inclusive of the hamlet of Whitridge, was 240 ; in 1811, 322; in 1821, 240; in 1831, 271 ; in 1841, it had increased to 1,568; and in 185], in consequence of the opening of a colliery it had attained to 2,726 souls. The ancient family of Delaval existed in this township from the time of the Norman Conquest, until the year 1818. This family was related to the Conqueror, by the maniage of Guy Delaval to Dionesia, neice of William. Sir Hendrick Delaval, second son of the above-mentioned Guy, was one of the principal standard bearers at Hastings. It appears that this family soon afterwards acquired extensive possessions in the north, for we find, that in 1121, Hubert Delaval, gave the tithes of Seaton, Callerton, and Dissington, to the priors of Tynemouth, and other members of the family were equally generous to the abbey of Hexham. According to Dugdale, some of this family held estates also in Yorkshire, and we discover the name of Gilbert Delaval among the twenty-four barons, sworn to see the Magna Charta, and the Charta de Foresta confirmed by the Pope. Eustace Delaval held Black Callerton, Seaton, Newsham, and Dissington in capite of Henry III. for two knights' fees. Subsequently a great portion of the family estates was vested in William Delaval, of Benwell, but in 1450 one of the Whitchester family appears as the proprietor of a third part of the Manor of Seaton Delaval. Sir John Delaval married Elizabeth, daughter of WiUiam de Whitchester, by whom he had an only daughter and heiress, Elizabeth, who was espoused by as CASTLE WARD— EAST DI\T:SI0X. Jolin Horsley de Ulchester, -^-lio thereupon assumed the name and arms of Delaval, and his son James succeeded to the Delaval estate. One of his descendants, Robert Delaval, represented Northumberland in parliament duiing the reign of Charles II., and was created abai'onet in 1660, but after three successions, the title became extinct by the failure of the male line, and the estate passed to George Delaval, of South Dissingtoii. He was succeeded by his son Edward, who married I\Iary, the daughter of Sir Francis Blake, of Ford Castle, by whom he had one son, Francis Blake Delaval, Esq., who died in ]75'2, and was succeeded by his son Sir Francis Blake Delaval, one of the gayest and most accomplished men of the age in which he lived. D}ing with- out legitimate issue, in 1771, he was succeeded by his brother Sir John Husssey Delaval, who was created a baronet in 1761, and raised to the peer- age, as Baron Delaval, in 1783. His lordship died without male issue, in 1808, at the advanced age of eighty years, when his entailed estates were in- herited by his brother, Edward Hussey Delaval, of Doddington. Edward Hussey Delaval was an excellent scholar, well versed in the classics, and conversant in most languages, both ancient and modem, but chemistry and experimental philosophy were his favourite pursuits. He was a member of several royal and learued societies, aud many of his discoveries and observa- tions were translated into the French and German languages, and received the approbation of scientific men both at home and abroad. He died with- out issue, in August, 1818, aged eighty-five years, and was interred in West- minster Abbey. On his demise the valuable estate of Seaton Delaval became the property of Sir Jacob Astley, Bart, of Melton Constable, Norfolk, who was raised to the peerage in J 841, by the style and title of Baron Hastings. The Village of Seaton Delaval is situated about six and half miles north by west of North Shields. It consists of eight rows of cottages connected ^vith the Seaton Dela^-al Collieiy, which is vrorked by Joseph Lamb and Co. These cottages have all been erected since the commencement of the mining operations in 1837. Here is a Presbyterian Church erected in 1845. It is a handsome building of freestone, and will accommodate about 580 persons. Rev. Robert Henderson, minister. There is a day school attached to this church, iMpxander Anderson, teacher. The Primitive and Wesleyan Metho- dists have also neat chapels here, both of which were erected in 1845. The Catholics have a temporary place of worship in this neighbourhood, but it is in contemplation to erect a suitable church as soon as possible. Rev. John Bradley, O.S.B., priest The noble mansion of Seaton Delaval Hall was destroyed by fu'e on the 3rd of January, 18"2'2 ; the two \rings only were saved by destro}ing the cor- ridor which united them to the main body of the edifice. Previous to its destruction it was considered to be one of the most elegant mansions in the north of England It was built by Admiral Delaval, from a design by the celebrated architect Sir John Van'burgh. The north front consisted of five stories of excellent masonry, ornamented with six Doric columns, surmounted by richly embellished entablatures, above which were elegant vases placed on pedestals, whence the attic stoiy rose, having a grand pediment with' a EAHSDON TABISH. 449 triangular tympanum, in which were carved the arms of the family and various trophies. The apartments were all ornamented and finished in the most superb manner. The hall was paved with black and white marble, and the vralls were decorated with arches, niches, recesses, and statues, the productions of the best Italian artists. Adjacent to this hall was a splendid saloon, which contained eight beautifully fluted Corinthian columns, besides numerous pilasters. This apartment opened into a beautiful Ionic portico. Indeed the whole pile appeared more like a royal palace than the country seat of a subject. The pleasure grounds are extensive, and great attention appears to have been bestowed upon them. Although so near the sea, the trees in the lawn are healthy, and have attained a considerable size, but in the sea- walk and where the plantations are narrow, they are stunted and poor. A fine obelisk, about half a mile south of the house, has been happily placed in the dead flat towards Tynemouth. These grounds are now used as a pleasure garden, and are much frequented by parties from Newcastle during the summer months. Mr. George Bell, lessee. The old castle of Seaton Belaval occupied a site a little to the south-west of the modern mansion. Of this ancient structure the only vestige now remaining is the chapel, one of the purest and most perfect specimens of Norman archi- tecture in the kingdom, the roof being the only part that has undergone any alteration. The western door is surmounted by six shields, charged with the arms of the Delavals. The arches at the entrance of the chancel are supported liy " ponderous columns short and lov/," with plain heavy capitals, and wrought with double tiers of zig-zag ornaments. Here are tu'o ancient tombs sur- mounted by recumbent figures of a crusader and his lady. The walls are decorated with pieces of old armour, tattered banners, and escutcheons. Service is performed here every Sunday afternoon, by the Rev. Henry Warkman. Adjacent to this chapel is a fine Mausoleum, erected by Lord Delaval in memory of his son, who died in his twentieth year. This monument is much admired for the simplicity and elegance displayed in its construction. New Hartley, a hamlet in this township, is situated about one mile east of Seaton Delaval. Here is a small chapel, erected in 1852, the property of the Methodist New^ Connexion. Whitridge is another hamlet in this township, six and a half miles W.N.W. of North Shields, and two and a half miles west of Seaton Sluice. Post Office, Double Eow, George Patterson, Postmaster. Letters arrive from New- castle at 10 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 5-25 p.m. Anderson Alexander, schoolmaster, Presby- terian Church School, Seaton Delaval Banks John, grocer. New Hartley Barrass Kobert, butcher, New Hartley Bell George, market gardener, Seaton Delaval Hall Bell Joseph, shoemkr. & saddler, Whitridge Bell J. gardener, Seaton Delaval Colliery Blenkinsop Thos. foreman smith, Quality- row, Seaton Delaval Colhery 2 E Brown James, coal inspector, Quality-row, Seaton Delaval Colliery Brown John, Esq. Seaton Delaval Hall Crawford Mr. George, Seaton Bed House Davison Anthony, surgeon, "Whitridge Dawson Jesse, teacher at Seaton Sluice; ho. Seaton Lodge Fenwick Barnabas, agent & cashier, Seaton Delaval Colliery j ho. Whitridge Fai-m I 450 CASTLE WARD — tEAST DIVISION. Henderson Eev. Robert, Delaval Manse Jobling, the Misses — , Seaton Lodge Lamb Eobert, resident colliery viewer, South-row, Seaton Delaval Colliery Lamb T. G. agent, Seaton Delaval Colliery Pringle James, di'ain tile makei', Whitridge Tile Works Pybom-n John (late Thos. Straker), grocer and draper, Seaton Delaval Colliery poor, Quarrie Andrew, overseer of the Gloucester Lodge Quarrie Walter, schoolmaster, New Hartley; ho. Seaton Sluice Smith Charles, plate layer on the Blyth and Tyne Railway ; ho. Stable-row Stephenson Robert, station master, Hartley Railway Station Storey James, butcher, Whitridg© Farmers Bower William, Avenue Head Crav/ford John, Look Out Crawford Ralph, Seaton Red House Rigg John, Lisdon Farm Thompson John, Seaton Lodge Inns Ashley Arms, Ann ISTaisbit Hastings^ Arms Inn, Thomas Bell, near the Railway Station SiGHiLLL, Seghill, or Sedgehill, is a township and village in the parish of Earsdon, the property of Sir Francis Blake. The area of the township is 1,403 acres, and its rateable value £'5,886. 10s. Population in 1801, 97 ; in 1811, 1-28; in 1821, 138; in 1831, 985; in 1841, 1,672; and in 1851, 1,809 souls. Sighill was created a district parish for ecclesiastical purposes in 1846, hut for other purposes, not ecclesiastical, it still forms part of Earsdon parish. Sighill Colliery, in this township, is the property of Messrs. Carr and Co. It was opened in the year 1836, and gives emplojment to about 700 persons. The Sighill shaft is 600 feet deep, at the bottom of which there is an engine of 170 horse power, which draws the coal from the workings under ground. The mine ramifies in almost every direction, some of the passages reaching as far as Burradon, where there is another shaft by which visitors to the mine may ascend. The distance under ground is three miles, and over ground two miles. The Village of Sighill is situated on the north side of the Seaton Burn, seven miles N.N.E. from Newcastle. The Church is a handsome stone structure, in the Gothic style, erected in 1848, and capable of accommodating 530 persons. A grant of £220, in aid of its erection was made by the " Incorporated Society for promoting the enlargement and building of Churches," on condition that seats for 426 persons should be set apart, and declared free and unappropriated for ever. The interior arrangements of this edifice are very neat, and the softened light which streams through its beautifully stained eastern window, adds materially to the general impressive- ness of the structure. The church is surrounded by a burial ground of two acres, inclusive of the site occupied b}^ the sacred edifice. The living is a perpetual curac}^ the patronage of which is vested in the Crown, and the Bishop of Durham, who present alternately. Eev. H. Bunbury, incumbent. The AVesleyan and Primitive Methodists have places of worship here. The Blyth and Tyne Piailway Company have a station at the village. Post Office, Sighill, William Arthur, Postmaster. Letters arrive here from New- castle at 10-30 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 5-5 p.m, GOSFORTH TARISH, 451 Anderson James, schoolmaster Arthur Wm. grocer, flour, and provision cllr Ban-as Edward, tailor, Blaketown Barras James, vict. and hutcher, Blahe's Anns Inn, CaiT Charles, Esq. Sighill House Colville William, tailor Elliott Joseph, grocer, flour, and prov. dlr Embleton John, miller, Sighill Mill ForsterJohn, foreman smith, Sighill Col- liery ; ho, Sighill Eryer John, under viewer, Sighill Colliery Hogg Salph, joiner and cartwright Hordon John, day school Horsley Wilham, engineer on the Blyth and Tyne Railway ; ho. Sighill Hudson Yv^illiam, tailor Martin John H.colliery agent. Middle Farm Oliver Wm. grocer, flour, and provision dlr Patterson Thomas, butcher Eamshaw Luke, foreman engineer, and grocer, flour, and provision dealer Reed James, farmer Butter Henry, smith Stephenson Wm. shoemaker, Blaketown Temperley Edward, farmer Temperly — , farmer and overseer Thompson Gavin, land agent. Middle Farm Turner Isabella, vict. Eope and Ancliorinn Wallace Henry, grocer, flour, and provision dealer Wilkin James, farmer, Sighill Mill GOSFOHTH PARISH. GosFORTH palish comprises tlie townships of East Brunton, West Brunton, Coxlodge,Fawdon, North Gosforth, South Gosforth, and East and West Kenton, It is bounded on the north-west by Dinnington parish, on the west by New- bum parish, on the south by the parishes of All Saints, St. Andrew, and St. John, and on the east and north-east by Long Benton parish. It is about two miles from north to south, about three miles from east to west, and com- prises an area of 6,355 statute acres. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 1,385; in 1811, 1,988; in 3 821, 3,295; in 1831, 3,546; in 1841, 3,020 ; and in 1851, 2,319 souls. There are several excellent coalmines in this parish, in which great numbers of the inhabitants are employed. East Brunton, a township and hamlet in this parish, but locally situated in the west division of Castle Ward, is the property of Thomas Smith, Esq., R. B. Sanderson, Esq., Rev. J. Robson, and Messrs. Hutchinson. The town- ship contains 953 acres, and its rateable value is £1,255. Population in 1801,69; in 1811, 79; in 1821, 270 ; in 1831, 268; in 1841, 268; and in 1851, in consequence of the cessation of work at the collieries, it had decreased to 90 souls. East and West Brunton, Fawdon, Dinnington, Weets- lade, and Wide Open, formed the manor and estate of the Hazlerigge family, and were sold in 1768, pursuant to an order of the High Court of Chancery, reserving only the coal-mines of Fawdon and Brunton, which were leased by the representatives of John du Ponthieu, Esq. The mines have not been worked for some years. The Hamlet of East Brunton is situated about four miles N.N.W. from Newcastle. Directory. — Rev. James Robson ; William Race, John Younger, and Joseph Younger, farmers. West Brunton is a township and hamlet in the above parish, the property of Matthew Bell, Esq. of Woolsington, and is locally situated in the west division of Castle Ward. The area of the township is 1,134 acres, and its rateable value £1,414. The population in 1801, was 101 ; in 1811, 138 ; 45:2 CASTLE VwVED— EAST DiYlSION. in 1821, 126; in 1831, 118; in 184], 109; and in 1851, 105 souls. A small portion of this township containing four houses, and eighteen persons, is said to belong to the parish of Dinnington. The Ha:mlet of West Brunton is four miles X.X.W. of Xewcastle. DiKECTORT. — Lionel Bolton, miDer and farmer; Marj Bro^vn, blacksmith, Kenton Bank-top ; Andrew Common, cartwright and joiner, Kenton Bank-top ; John Piobson, Esq. farmer, and land agent, Sunnvside ; John Piogerson, far- mer, Bullock Stead ; and Wright Younger, farmer. CoxLODGE is a township and village in this parish, but locally situated in the west division of Castle Ward. The i^rincipal landowners are AY. Dunn, Esq. R. Eobson, Esq. and J. J. Bulman, Esq. The township contains 808 acres, and the rateable value is £3,557. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 108 ; in 1811, 356 ; in 1821, 633 ; in 1831, 965 ; in 1841, 924 ; and in 1851, 970 souls. Here is a colliery worked by Matthew Bell, & Co., and in which many of the inhabitants are employed. The Grand Stand on the north side of the Newcastle Eace Course, is in this township. It was built in 1800, and is very well adapted for the purposes for which it was erected. The Yillage OF CoxLODGE is situatcd two and a half miles north of Xewcastle. It contains several handsome stone houses, and many others are in process of erection. There is a Methodist Chapel and Sundav School here, which were erected in 1819. Causeway End is a hamlet in this to\^■nship, two miles north of Xewcastle. Post Office, Coxlodge, Elizabeth Eobson, postmistress. Letters arrive at 10-30 a.m. and are despatched at 3-i5 p.m. Anderson John, Esq. Coxlodge Hall Armstrong George, joiner and builder, Bulman's Yillage Armstrong William, boot and shoemaker, Bulman's Yillage Bailes .Joseph, leather merchant, Eose Villa Bell Matthew, S: Co. colliery owners, Cox- Pigg James, grocer, Bulman's Yillage Eeddy George, tailor, Bulman's Yillage Eobiu son John .merch an tjEose worth Cottage Eobson Elizabeth, grocer and postmistress, Bulman's Yillage Eobson Miss Hannah Simpson George, vict. Duke of Wellington lodge Colliery j Stephenson Elizab. farmer and innkeeper, Carr John, Esq. Eosev.-orth | Turf Hotel Charlton M.A. Eev, James, curate of Gos- ! Stevens Wra. Davies, agent, Eose-villas Stewart Charles, under-viewer, Coxlodge Colliery Stewart Cuthbert, vict. Brandling Arms, Bulman's Yillage Stewart John, beerhouse, Bulman's Yillage forth Church Crozier Wilham, cattle dealer, Davidson Mr. Andrew, Eose-villas Dickinson Joseph, butcher Duxfield John and Tliomas, farmers FenwickVrm. beerhouse, Bulman's Yillage | Yasey Wilhara, farmer Hart Geo. and John, grocers and gardeners Wiley Mrs. Jane, Bulman's Yillage Hall Henry, farmer, Gosforth Cottage j Wilson Frederick, ^Y. X. sm^geon, Bulman's Marston Joseph, bookseller, Mosley Cottage j Yillage Mills Jacob, butcher Windlow Wm. blacksmith, Bulman's Yillage Fawdox is a township and village in the above parish, but locally situated in the west division of Castle Ward, the property of Matthew Bell, Esq., and Mr. Charlton. The township comprises an area of d'2'2 acres, and the rateable value is £1,320. The number of inhabitants in 180], was 26; in GOSFOETH PAr^ISH. 453 1811, 100; in 18:21, 747; in ]881, 707; in 1841, 544; and in 1851, in consequence of tlie cessation of work at the coliieries, it had decreased to 254 souls. The Village of Fawdon is three miles N.N.W. of Newcastle. Haddrick's Mill, a hamlet in this township, occupies a romantic situa- tion in the Ouseburu Dean, two and half miles north by east of Newcastle. There are several neat cottages here, and the place is said to have acquired its name from its ser\TLng as a haunt to a band of robbers bearing the name of Haddrick, who possessed it for a considerable period. Whether this tradition be true or false, we possess, at present, no means to prove or disprove its authenticity. DiRECTORy — Ann Anderson, schoolmistress, Fawdon Villa; Tlios Charl- ton, miller, Haddrick's MiU ; Mrs. L^^dia Robson, Fawdon House ; William W^rigliton, vict. and brewer, Millstone Inn, Haddrick's Mill ; and the farmers are Thomas Charlton & Son, and Thomas Lionel Winship. GosFOETH (North) is a township in the parish of the same name, situated four miles north from Newcastle. It contains 1,006 acres, and its rateable value is £3,005. The population in 1801, was 133 ; in 1811, 197 ; in 1821, 141 ; in 1831, 145; in 1841, 132; and 1851, 123 souls. The principal landowners are Thomas Smith, Esq , and the Messrs Laycock. This township and that of South Gosforth, are locally situated in the eastern division of Castle W^ard, the remainder of the parish being in the w-estern division. North Gosforth Chapel now almost levelled with the ground, began to be disused in the early part of the eighteenth century. Its remains are situated upwards of a mile north of the present church, and consists of the church or chapel, a grave-yard, with monumental and other stones. In the summer of 1826, R. H. Brandling, Esq. caused the place to be cleared of the weeds and long deposited rubbish, by which it was covered, and brought to light many more of these mementoes. This estate from the year 1100 to 1509, was the property of the ancient family of Surtees, from whom it was transferred by marriage to the Brandlings, one of whom Charles Brandling, Esq., was High Sheriff of Northumberland, in 1781, and M.P, for Newcastle in 1784, 1790, and 1796, but he resigned his seat in 1797, and was succeeded by his son, Charles John Brandling, Esq., who subsequently represented the county in parliament from 1820, to his decease in 1826. Gosforth House is the seat and property of Thomas Smith, Esq., by whom it was purchased in 1852. It is a large and elegant freestone edifice, erected in 1760, and occupies a beautiful situation in an extensive lawn, enclosed with fine plantations. The adjoining lands have been greatly im- proved, and formed into pleasure grounds. x\t the south-east corner of the lawn there is a minature lake, covering nearly fifty acres ; it is much resorted to by numerous flocks of water fowl. Low Gosforth House is situated about a mile south of the above, in a low, but pleasant situation, It is the residence of George Fenwick, Esq. In the Ouseburn, north of Slater's Bridge, on the south side of this township, in Long Benton parish, is a ridgy piece of land, containing about seven acres, and is alternately the property of Wm, JMather, Esq., and Baliol College, Oxford. 454- CASTLE WAED — ^EAST DIVISION. THEEte Mile Bridge is a hamlet in this township, situated three and a half miles north of Newcastle, where the Ousebum crosses the Morpeth road, and separates the township of Coxlodge and North Gosforth, the foirmer being on the south, and the latter on the north of the bridge and rivulet. Here is a school wdiich was endowed with £10 per annum by the late Her. R. H. Brandling. Directory. — George Fenwdck, Esq., Low Gosforth House; Thos. Smith, Esq., High Gosforth House ; John Magnay, blacksinith, Three Mile Bridge ; Mark MuUin, brick and tile manufacturer, GOsforth Tile Works ; Robert Oliver, joiner and cartwright, Three Mile Bridge ; James Simpson, deputy road surveyor ; and the farmers are George Dodds, Moor House ; William Simpson, and Joseph Stoker. Gosforth (South) is a township and village in the parish of the same name, 'the property of William Dunn, Esq , ahd the Messrs. Laycock. The town- ship contains 436 acres, and its rateable value is £2,033. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, ^ras 63; in 1811, 136; in 1821, 174; in 3 831, 237; in IS'll, 224; and in 1851, 246 souls. Robert Lisle, of Gosforth, gave to his son Otwell Lisle, with Isabel his wife, in frank marriage. South Gosforth, with the advowson of the church and mill, &c. This Robert Lisle espoused the daughter of Richard Canville, with ^vhom lie received South Gosforth as a dowiy. In the year 1377, the advowsoh of the church of South Gosforth w-as a subject of dispute between the King, the Bishop and Prior of Carlisle, and the Vicar of Newcastle. In 1391, the lordship of Gosforth was given to Sir Robert Lisle, by his elder brother, Thomas Lisle, and it continued in the possession of his family for many generations. By an agreement made between Humphrey Lisle, Esq., and the Ticar of Newcastle, in 1494, the latter became possessor of the advOVrsoii of the curacy of Gosforth, and it has been since retained by his successors. There is a colliery in this town- ship, worked, at present, by the executors of the late Rev. R. H. Brandling. The Village of South Gosforth is situated two and a half miles north-east by north of Newcastle. Here it was that the English army retreated when on its w^ay to the siege of Berwick, in 1319, and Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, the leader of the armament, in contemplation of sudden death in the field, ordered the disposition of his worldly goods. The Church dedicated to St. Kicholas is a small structure with an octagonal spire rising from a square tower. It was rebuilt in 1798, and considerably enlarged in 18 J 9. The parish register commences in JG69. The living is a curacy annexed to the vicarage of Newcastle. Rev. James A. Charlton, curate. Here is a school for the education of children of both sexes. The teachers, John Thompson and Sarah Thornton, have the school and two cottages rent free, in accordance ■with the will of the late Rev. R. H. Brandling. A short notice of the winning Of Gosforth Colliery in this township, and of the subsequent proceedings, may interest the reader. The colher}^ hes about three miles north from Newcastle, on the west bank of a romantic " dean," or little valley, through which tlie.Ouseburn winds its way to the Tyne. The sinking was commenced in 1825, and the coal was won on Saturday, January GOSFOETH PARISH. 455 31st, 1829. Great expense was incurred in tlie undertaking, from tlie inter- section of the great ninetj fathom dyke. The High Main coal \Yas reached at twent j-five fathoms belo-^v the surface, but near its first appearance tlie seam \vas thrown dowii in an inclined direction hy the dyke, to the depth of 1,100 or 1,300 feet, The (Quality of the coal was so deteroriated by the prox- imity of the dyke, that it became necessary to sink the shaft perpendicularly to the depth of 181 fathoms, in order to come at the level of the lower range of the seaiii of coal. In this work many of the succeeding seams of coal were passed through, and found tO be all more or less shattered by the dyke, and singularly placed at a higher level than the High Main which, in a geo- logical point of view, they underlie. On reaching the reciuisite depth a horizontal drift, 700 yards long, was worked through the face of the dyke to the seam of coal a little above its junction with the dyke. A great portion of the excavation was made through solid rock. So remarkable a winning deserved a celebration of its attainment. Some persons would have had the workmen out in a field and made them spectacles of inebriety to the open eye of day. But the proprietors adopted a more suitable plan, that of a grand suhterranean hall, at the very place of triumph. The hall-room was situated at a depth of nearly 1,100 feet below the earth's surface, and was in the shape of the letter L, the width being fifteen feet, the base twenty-two feet, and the perpendicular height forty-eight feet. Seats were placed round the sides of the said ball-room, the floor was dried and flagged, and the whole place brilliantly illuminated with candles and lamps. The company began to assemble and descend in appropriate dresses about half-past nine in the morning, and continued to arrive till one in the afternoon. The men engaged in the work, their wives and daughters, and sweethearts, several neighbours with their wives, the proprietors and agents with their wives, and sundry friends of both sexes w^ho had courage io avail themselves of the privilege ; all these gradually found their way to tile bottom of the shaft. Immediately on their arrival there, they proceeded to the ex- tremity of the drift, to the face of the coal, where each person hewed a piece of coal as a memento of the visit, and then returned to the ball-room. As soon as a sufiicient number of guests had assembled, dancing commenced, and was continued without intermission till three o'clock in the afternoon. No distinction was made among the guests, and born and bred ladies joined in a general dance with born and bred pitmen's daughters. All now returned in safety, and in nice, clean, and well-lined baskets, to the upper regions, delighted wdth the manner in which they had spent the day. A local band of miners' musicians was in attendance, and the pit was filled with music and merriment. The f^enii of the caverns were startled, and the youno- dandified pitmen never looked so happy, so clean, and so gay. Refreshments were not forgotten, and cold punch, malt liquor, and buiscuits of all kinds, were dis- pensed in abundance. It was estimated that between two hundred and three- hundred persons were present, and nearly one half of them were female^ ! Directory. — George Douglas, overman, Gosforth Cohiery : Michael Ford, vict. Bay Horse ; Joseph Hindmarsh, agent ; John ]\Ienham, under-viewerj 450 CASTLE WArtC— ^EAST DlVlStOX. Gosfortli Colliei'y ; John Thompson, sclioolmaster ; Sarali TllorntoD, school- mistress ; and the farmers are Mark Moore, and George and Joseph Stoker. Kenton (East a.nd AYest), a township and village in the parish of Gosforth, but locally situated in the west division of Castle Ward, is the property of Lord Rokeby and E. Montague, Esq. The area of the towmship is 1,436 acres, and its rateable value, £3,033. Population in 1801, 885 ; in 181 J , 1,052; in 1821, 1,204; in 1831, 1,106; in 1841, 819 ; and in 1851, in consequence of the dis- continuance of the colliery works it had decreased to 549 souls. In the reign of Edward II. it was the property of a family who bore the local name, and in 1313, Sir John Kenton of this family was High Sheriff of Northumberland. It was subsequently possessed by the Fenwdcks, from whom it was transferred to the present proprietors. There is an excellent quarry in this township from which grindstones of a superior quality are obtained. It is worked by Mr. Robert Robson of Newcastle. The Village of Kenton is situated on an eminence about three miles N.N.W. of Newcastle. It contains a National School which is used as a place of worship on Sundays. This school was erected in J 845 at an expense of £470 which was principally contributed by Lord Rokeby, Matthew Bell, Esq., Mr. Wilson, and the National School Society. It possesses sufficient accommodation for 150 children. Bank Top and Blakelaw are hamlets in this township, the former situated three miles, and the latter two and a half miles north-west of Newcastle. Kenton Bar is also in this township, on the Ponteland Road, three miles north-west of Newcastle. Post Office, Kekton. — Letters arrive at 10 a.m. and are despatched at 8-45 p.m. Bailie Mrs. Anne j FrazerMrs. Margt. Blakelaw Henderson William, black- smith, Blakelaw Pickering William, grocer Barrett Captain Saml. Ken- ton Hall Baty John, butcher Davidson John and Eobei grocers j 5'armsrs Paiiiamb Jonathan, inn-' Pro \^ti Wm. Kenton Lodgre keeper, Kenton Bar i Colbeck John Hunter William, Blakelaw Pickering William, & grocer Reay John, West Kenton Rogerson Jno. & x^arish clerk Rogerson Robert Thirlwell George, Kenton, Bank Top YvatsouRobt. Hen's Harbour SOMOK PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. HoRTOK is a parochial chapelry comprising the townships of Bebside, Cow^pen, Hartford East, Hartford West, and Horton, whose united area is 5,550 acres. It is bounded on the north by the river Blyth, on the west by the parish of Stanuington, on the south by Earsdon parish and Cramlington chapelry, and on the east by the parish of Earsdon and the port of Bljth. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 1,197 ; in 1811, 1,449; in IS21, 2,099; in 1831, 2,423 ; in 1841, 2,838; and in 1851, 4,449 souls._ This chapelry abounds in coal and stone, and the soil is a strong clay, which pro- duces excellent crops. Until 1768, it formed a portion of the parish of houton pARociiiAL chapelry. 457 Woodhorrj, but at that period it was made into a parochial cKapeliy, and obtained all the privileges of a distinct parish. Bebside is a township and hamlet, the property of William Ward, Esq., of London. The township contains 464 acres, and its population in 1801, was 126; in 1811, 102; in 1821, 123; in 1831, 100; in 1841, 91; and in 1851, 127 souls. The rateable value is £760. This manor was anciently the property of the priors of Tynemouth, but after the dissolution of the reli- gious houses and the confiscation of their property, it was possessed by John Ogle, Esq., and afterwards by Edward Delaval, Esq., from whom it passed in succession to John Johnson, Esq., Mrs. Mary Fielding, and Robert Wavcl, Esq., of London, coming ultimately into the possession of the present proprietor. The Hamlet of Bebside is situated on the river Blyth, six miles south-east by south of Morpeth, DiEECTORY. — Isaac Brown, farmer, Bebside North Farm ; Thomas Dunn, farmer, Bebside South Farm ; and George Gardner, miller and farmer, Bebside Mill. CowPEN is a township and village the principal landowners of which are Marlow John F. Sidney, Esq., Archdeacon Croft, and others. The township comprises an area of 1,707 acres, and its rateable value is £8,152. The population in 1801, was 853; in 1811, 1,095; in 1821, 1,765; in 1831, 2,081 ; in 1841, 2,464; and in 1851, 4,045 souls. The eastern portion of this township, including Cowpen Quay, Cowpen Square, Crofton, Crofton Mills, and Waterloo, forms j^art of the town and part of Blyth, under which head the directories, &c. will be found. The Village of Cow- pen is situated on the southern bank of the river Blyth, about seven miles S.S.E. of Morpeth. Here is a beautiful Catholic Church dedicated to St. Cuthbert, which was erected and endowed by M. J. F. Sidney, Esq. in 1840. It is in the early English style of architecture, and the cost of its erection is said to have exceeded £,4000. The entrance is by a porch of very superior VN^orkmanship, and the interior is not more admired for its chaste simplicity and just proportions, than for the beautiful carving of its massive pulpit, altar-screen, rood-loft, and splendid altar, on the decora- tion of which neither labour nor expense seems to have been spared. The Rev. James W, Burchall, O.S.B. and the Rev. J. Bradley, O.S.B. are the priests. The School attached to this church is a neat and substantial edifice built in 1843. The late Mrs. Sidney contributed £200 towards its erection. Mary Ann Nolan, teachei'. Armstrong Adam boiler builder, Cowpen Bell Jane, sliopkeepex- Bell Thomas, tailor Bradley Kev. J. B. O.S.B. (Catholic) Burchall Eev. James W. O.S.B. (Catholic) Marshall John, smith Moffitt Ralph, assistant overseer Percy John, gardener J2 E a Reed Thomas, teacher, Church School Eobiuson Edward, grocer Sidney Marlow John Francis, Esq. J. P. Cowpen Hall Sidney M. W. J. sohcitor, office, Blytli Sidney W. H. M. Esq, Cowpen House Swan Dorothy, shopkeeper 45 8 CASTLE WARD — EAST DIVISION. Boot and Skoe Makers Davison John Dixon IMaiy — Tlios. Watson, manager Butcher Thompson Neveison Farmers 1 PattisonEdwardjHighHouse Bell William | Smith Thomas M. Cowpen Brown Henry | South Farm Darhng William, Co^^•peu : Inns Bed House | Duke of York, Ehzh. Bolam Grimson Jos. Kitty Brevrster • King's Arms, James How MoflStt Edwai-d I Windmill, John Storey Hartfoed (East) is a township situated five and a half miles S.S.E. of Morpeth. It comprises an area of 303 acres, and its rateable value is £150. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 18 ; in 1811, 13 ; in 1821, 15 ; in 1831, 12; in 1811, 26; and in 1851, 10 souls. It is the property of Nathaniel Bates, Esq. of Melbourne Hall, and consists of one farm which is in the occupation of Mrs Hannah Potts. Directory. — Mrs. Hannah Potts, farmer ; and John Potts, farm-manager for Mrs. Potts. Hartford (West) is a township and hamlet, the property of Piobert Hed- ley, Esq. The township contains 521 acres, and its rateable value is £328. Population in 1801, 87 ; in 1811, 97 ; in 1821, 57 ; in 1831, 55 ; in 1841, 39 ; and in 1851, 57 souls. The Hamlet of west Hartford is situated in a beautiful and picturesque vallev, south of the river Blyth, whose banks, in this neighbourhood, are thickly covered with trees. It is five miles S.S.E. of Morpeth. Directory. — Samuel Elstob, farmer, West Hartford Hall ; Jane Davison, vict. Hartford Bridge Inn ; and John Piowell, farmer. HoETON is a towTiship and scattered village giving name to the chapelry in which it is situated. The area of the township is 2,555 acres, and the rate- able value is £4,376. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 113 ; in 1811 , 142; in 1821, 139; in 1831, 175; in 1841, 218; and in 1851, 210 souls. In the time of Henry III. Horton belonged to a family who assumed the local name, but in the latter part of the same reign, it had fallen into the hands of Guiscard de Charron, who obtained leave, in 1293, to fortify his manor house of Horton. This was the fortalice to which the adherents of (xilbert de Mid- dleton, after his capture in Mitford Castle, in 1317, retreated under the banner of his friend and ally Walter de Selby. After this time, the castle and manor house seem to have been held under the Mombouchers and their successors, for a considerable period by the Delaval family, and in the begin- ning of the last century two maiden sisters of Admiral George Delaval resided here. The castle is stated to have been defended by a double moat and ram- part of earth, but the greater part of its foundations were razed and the rampart levelled in 1809. The ViLLAGjE of Horton is situated three miles west by south of Blyth. The Chapel is a modern erection, the old oue having been taken down in 1827, and the present neat structure erected upon its site in 1828. The cost of the present edifice was upwards of £500. The register of this chapelry commences in 1648. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdea- deaconry of Xorthumberland and deanery of Xewcastle, is valued in the Liber LONG BENTON PARISH. 459 Regis at £16; returned at £80 ; gross income £91. Patron tlie Vicar of Woodhorn ; incumbent, the Rev. Nathaniel Atkinson, M.A. Layeeick Hai.l, in this township, is now in the occupation of George and Gilbert Wigham, farmers Bower John, merchant tailor, Nortli Moor Edge, near Seaton Delaval Cairns Thomas, boot and shoemaker Hornsby WiUiam, brick & drain-tile manu- facturer, North Moor Tile Works McPherson George, tailor, North Moor Edge Mood Matthew, schoolmaster, North Moor Edge, near Seaton Delaval Eobinson Thomas, boot and shoem^aker Smith Henry, farm-manager, Stickley Wood George, blacksmith Farmers Herdman Ann Eobson George Stephenson Thomas Wigham Gilbert and George, Laverick Hall Inns FolJt/, WilHam Simm Astley Arms, Paul Jamieson, North Moor Edge, near Seaton Delaval Caemer. — Joseph Percy, from the Three Horse Shoes Inn, Horton; and from Seaton Delaval, and East Cramhngton, to Newcastle, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. LONG BENTON PARISH. Long Benton parish comprises the townships of Killing worth, Long Benton, Walker, and Weetslade, whose united area is 9,040 acres. Its population in 1801, was 3,355; in 1811, 4,358; in 1821, 5,547; in 1831, 6,613; in 1841, 8,711; and in 1851, 9,205 souls. The parish is bounded on the north by Earsdon, Cramlington, and Stannington, on the west by All Saints' and Gosforth parishes, on the south by the Tyne, and on the east by the parishes of Tyne- mouth and Wallsend. It contains extensive coUieries, foundries, quarries, gunpowder-works, &c. — upwards of 1,300 persons are employed in the collieries alone. The soil in this district is very fertile, and the parish is intersected by the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway. KiLLiNGWoRTH is a townsliip and village, the property of J. R. Pugh, Esq., General Airey, Matthew Bell, Esq., and William Punshon, Esq. The area of the township is returned with that of the parish, and the rateable value is £4,676. The population was returned with the parish till 1841, when it amounted to 1,787; and in 1851, it was 1,651 souls. A portion of the village of Hazlerigge is included in this township. The Village of Killing- worth is beautifully situated on a commanding eminence, in the midst of a fine and fertile country, five and three-quarter miles north-east by north of Newcastle, and contains several good houses. It was the scene of the early labours of George Stephenson, who, for some time, was breaksman at Killingworth Colliery. It was here he made his improvements in the steam- engine, and a sun-dial, a relic of his early ingenuity, is still fixed over the door of the house he lived in while at Killingworth. To the last day of his life he 460 CASTLE V>'ARD— EAsI* DIVISION. took a pride in tliis suii-dial, and, not long before his death, when ahout to survey the line of the Newcastle and Berwick Railway, he drove a professional friend out of his way to have a last look at the dial, which had now indicated many days of prosperit}^ since he made it in adversity and obscunty. KiLLiNGWOKTH HousE, a fuie stone edifice, occupying a beautiful situation, is the seat of Nathaniel G. Lambert, Esq. Westmoor, a hamlet in this township, is principally inhabited by colliers, and contains two chapels, belonging to the Primitive andWesleyan Methodists. The late proprietors of Kiiliugworth Colliery, erected a school here, which is attended, at present, by about ninety children of both sexes. The colliery is very extensive, and gives employment to several hundred persons. John Bowes, Esq. and Partners are the proprietors. There is a station on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, about one mile west of Killingworth, at which trains for Newcastle and Berwick stop three times daily. Avery John, vict. and butcher, Railway Inn Bell Mary Ann, grocer, Hazlerigge Blakey Elizabeth, beer retailer, Hazlerigge Bowes John, Esq. and Partners, Killiug- ^Yorth Colliery Carr George. \\ct.' Collier Lad, Hazlerigge Carr Eichard, vict. Half Way House, Hazlerigge Clark Mr. Henry, White House Coulston John, agent. West Farm Chicken Eobert, tile manufacturer Cousins William, schoolmaster Covrel Bartholomew, joiner and cartwright Dixon Stephen, farmer Dixon Thomas, fai-mer. White Elouse Gibson Launcelot, colliery engineer Hardy Henry, shopkeeper Laidler John,overm an, Killingworth Colliery Lambert Nathnl.G.Esq.Killiugworth House Leighton Kobert, agent Liddell John E. viewer Mallaburn George, vict. KilUngworLli Arms Marshall George, joiner and cartwright, Hazlerigge Oxley Stephen, farmer Punshon Henry, vict. Plough Inn Purvis Thomas, grocer, Hazlerigge Eiddle Thomas, tailor Eitchie John, vict. Holy Stone Eobinson Eobert, station master Eobson Thomas, farmer Scott James, surgeon Smith Edward, farmer Tate Eobert, vict. and brewer, Closing Hill House • Stoppard Cuthbert, farmer Tindle George, boot and shoemaker Wanless Christopher, vict. Gi-ey Horse Wardle John, blacksmith Wilson Frederick W. surgeon ; ho. Forest Hall Wilson Eichard, surgeon Long Benton is a township and village in the 23arish of the same name, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Dixon Dixon, Esq., V/illiam Mather, Esq., the Master and Scholars of Baliol College, Oxford, Robert Hedley, Esq., and Messrs. Craster and Askew. The area of the township is returned vrith that of the parish, and the rateable value is £8,510. The number of inhabitants in 1841, was 2,451, and in 1851, 2,238 souls. The collieries here are very extensive, and one of the w^orked out collieries having sunk considerably in 1785, much damage was done to the houses in the neighbourhood. It was a custom at that time in working the pits, to leave as much coal as they had dug away, but the coal being in great request in the London market, they had worked the pillars away, and put wooden ones in their stead, which, not being sufficiently strong to support the great super- incumbent weight, the whole sunk toR-ether. lo>;g bentOxN' PAiuyn. 461 The Village of LoDg Benton is situated about three miles nortli-east by north from Newcastle. The bridge spanning the rivulet a short distance to the north of the church, on the road to Killingworth, ^Yas erected in 1801, at the expense of Admiral Roddam, of Roddam, which^vent is recorded on the key stone of the arch. The Church, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is situated in a secluded valley, a short distance north-east of the village, and was almost entirely rebuilt in 1 79 1 . It is now a neat plain edifice, containing several mural monuments, and is surrounded by a spacious churchyard. A local tradition states that the church was actually commenced at Long Benton village, but that the masonry of each day vras invariably transported every night, to the site at present occupied by the sacred edifice. The only ancient part of the present structure is the chancel, which, when the church was rebuilt at the period above mentioned, was left in its original condition, in consequence of the lessees of the great tithes being unwilling to undertake the cost of rebuilding it. The floor of the chancel was three steps lower than the nave until ] 838, wdien it was raised to the same level as the rest of the building, at the expense of the Master and Scholars of Baliol College, Oxford. In October, 1835, while sinking a grave in the vicinity of the old chancel door, a stone coffin, of rude workmanship, was discovered, at about two feet below the surface, and in 1838, in the course of draining the churchyard, an ancient sepulchral slab of small size, bearing a cross, was found turned over on an old water channel. The cross was preserved by being inserted in the stone work on building up the chancel door, in the autumn of the same year. In the taxation of Pope Nicholas, we find this benefice returned as a rectory. In the year 1340, the church of Long Benton, together with some lands in the parish, were granted to Baliol College, Oxford, by Sir Philip Somervyll, of vVykenore, i|rthe county of Stafford, and a severance of the great tithes was effected by an ordinance of Richard Bury, Bishop of Durham. In the chancel are several ancient grave stones. The living is now a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, valued in the Liber Regis at £3. Is. 3d. ; gross income, £353. The patronage is vested in the Master and Fellows of Baliol College, Oxford. Incumbent, Rev. John Besley, D.C.L., for whom the Rev. Joseph Smithard, M.A., of&ciates as curate, The parish register commences in 1669 A school-room, with a residence for tbe master, was built by the parishioners, on the Waste at the east end of the village of Long Benton, for wdiich they pay a ground rent of one shilling to the lords of the manor. The rent is first entered as paid in 1814. The school cost the sum of £250. Thomas Shaw, schoolmaster and parish clerk. Charities. — Cuthbert Alder, by his will, bearing date 23rd May, 1736, devised a close of land called Dacre s Close, in the townshij) of Murton, in the parish of Tynemouth, to the minister and churchwardens of Long Benton, in trust for the use of the poorest inhabitants of that p)art of the parish of Long Benton called Weetslade Quarter. The close above mentioned consists of about four acres of land, and produces an annual rent of £12, which is distributed in accordance with the intentions of the donor. Am CASTLE WARD-— EAST DIVISION. Benton House is a fine mansion, the seat of Mrs. Ann Atkinson. Benton Lodge is a pretty ivy covered cottage, the residence of William Smith, Esq. Forest Hall, in this township, is a fine edifice, the seat of F. W. Wilson, Esq., and John Hodgson, Esq. Benton Square is a colliery hamlet in this township, situated five and a half miles N.N.E. of Newcastle. Wapping is another hamlet, of the same kind, two and a half miles north east of Newcastle. Post Office, Long Benton, George Bold, Postmaster. Letters arrive, from Newcastle at 11-30, a.m., and are despatched thereto at 3-20 p.m. Allison Henry W. veterinary surgeon Allison Watson, veterinary surgeon Atkinson Mrs. Ann, Benton House Atkinson James, farmer, Forest Hall Barras Matthew, vict. and butcher, Wheat Sheaf, Benton-square Besley Rev. John, D.C.L. vicar, Yicarage Boggon AVilliam S. vict. and butcher, Black Bull Inn Bold George, grocer and posi master BoAvman Robert, farmer, Scaffold Hill Brown Francis, blacksmith Charlton Peter, vict. Sun Inn Dawson Thomas, grocer Freeman Thomas, tailor Hall Ann, vict. Shi]) Inn Hall Edward, overman, Benton colliery Hodgson John, Esq., Forest Hall Hood John, joiner and cartwright Jameison Thomas, farmer Liddell Mr. Henry, North House Liddell Matthew, mining engineer, Benton Grange Mann James, boot and shoemaker MiCKLEY Coal Company, Benton Colliery Moore Mark, farmer. Forest Hall Morrow Thomas, joiner Nicholson Richard, butcher Pattison William, farmer Potts Timothy, farmer Pringle Mary, farmer Robson Wilham, farmer Shaw Thos. schoolmaster and parish clerk Smith William, Esq., Benton Lodge Wilson Frederick W. surgeon, Forest Hall Young Thomas, yeoman, Scaifold Flill Walker is a township and village, the propert}'' of the corporation of Newcastle. The area af the township is included in the parish returns, and its rateahle value is £9,650. Population in 1841, 3,470 ; in 1851, 3,963 souls. Here are numerous manufactories of almost every kind. The Walker Iron Works on the north bank of the Tyne are very extensive, and afford employment to several hundred persons. Alkalies and other chemicals are manufactured in considerable quantities, and iron ship building is carried on to a great extent. In fact, the whole side of the Tyne, in this township, is crowded with factories of various kinds, copperas works, saw mills, seed crushing mills, ballast wharfs, coal staiths, &c., &c. There is also an exten- sive colliery here worked by Messrs. Nathaniel Lambert and Co. Walker was erected into a distinct parish for ecclesiastical purposes in 1836, in con- formity with the provisions of Sir Eobert Peel's Act, but for every other purpose it is considered as a portion of Long Benton parish. The Village of Walker is situated three miles east by north of Newcastle. The Church, (Christ's Church), is a neat stone edifice, erected in 1847-8, at a cost of £1,450. The " Corporate Church Building Society" gave £200, Her Majesty's Commissioners for the building of new churches £150, and the corporation of Newcastle not being able to give the ground upon which the church was to be erected, gave its value in money for the purchase of the LONG BENTON PAEISH. 4.63 site. It was eudowed by tlie Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The church is in the early English style of architecture, and consists of nave, chancel, north aisle, and south porch, but possesses neither tower nor spire. It con- tains several handsome stained glass windows, whose beauty of colour and excellence of design, command general admiration The two windows at the west end represent our Saviour and the Blessed Virgin, that at the east, the symbolical Lamb, The window on the south side of the chancel is emblazoned with^he arms of the Bell family, by whom it was presented to the church. The two western ones were the gifts of James Archbold, Esq., and Stephen Lowrey, Esq. The living, a pepetual curacy, valued at £180. per annum, is in the patronage of the Crown and the Bishop of Durham, who present alternately. Eev. Christopher Thompson, incumbent. The Parsonage House, a good stone building, is situated near the Church. Here are two chapels belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists. The Xew School, Walker, is a large brick structure, erected in 1852, by the Walker Iron and Alkali Companies. It possesses ample accommodation for three-hundred pupils, and is regularly attended by about two-hundred and thirty children of both sexes. James Hewitt and Ann Gaskin, teachers. There are also several private schools in this township, which are respectably conducted, and numerously attended. Walker Quay is an extensive village in this township, situated on the Tyne, three and a half miles east of Newcastle. Low Walker, formerly called Wincolmlee, is another village in this town- ship, situated on the Tyne, three miles east of Newcastle. It contains several handsome residences, and its manufactories are both numerous and extensive. In 1774, the gunpowder magazine, duly licensed, was erected here by the corporation of Newcastle. This building was deemed requisite, in consequence of the great quantities of gunpowder brought into the Tyne for blasting and other purposes. Post Office Walkee, Thomas Gray, Postmaster. Letters arrive, from Newcastle, at 11-30 a.m. ami are despatched thereto at 3-20 p.m. Ballast Assessor's Office, Low Walker, Jacob Danson, inspector Barnes Thomas, brick & tile manufacturer Barnes, Forster & Co. copperas manu- facturers, Low Walker Bolton Greorge & Samuel, farmers, Scrogg House Brown William, butcher. Low Walker Brown James, farmer, Stott's House Bulman F.W.( Executors of )Koman cement manufacturers, St. Anthony's Quay Brown John farmer. Sharper House Farm, Walker Station Carr & Co. timber merchants, saw mill, &:c. Low Walker ; ofl&ce, 25, Broad-chare, Newcastle Carr William, junior, joiner, Wallcer Station Carr Matthew, tailor and beerseller Low Walker Clark Mrs. Elizabeth, Low Walker Cook John, alkali &c. manufacturer Cooper Charles, colliery engineer Danson Mr. Eichard, Low Walker Davison Thomas, farmer Dove George, engineer. Walker Iron Works Dove John, agent, Bill Point Dove Eobert, agent, Low Walker Duxlield Mary, shopkeeper. Walker Station Etlierington John, grocer Falcus John,reheving officer for Long Ben- ton and Wallsend, ^^ alker Mill Forster, Dale S: Co. brick & tile manu- facturers, Low Walker Fotliergill Mrs. Ann, Low Walker i iU CASTLE WARD — EAIST DIVISION. Fotliergill Miss Ann, clay & boarding school, Low Walker Hall Joseph, shopkeeper, Low Walker Heron Edward, miller, Byker Hill Mills Hewitt James, teacher Hunter Cuthbert & Co. brick & tile manu- facturers, Low Walker TTunter William G. grocer, Low Walker Jubling Wilham, colliery agent, Low Walker Johnson Mrs. Isabella, Walker Grove Lambert Nathaniel & Co. coUiery owners, Walker Colliery Losh Wilson & Bell, iron manufacturers, Walker Iron Works Mather Ann, grocer. Low Walker Miller, Eavenhill, & Salkeld, iron ship builders. Low Yv'alker Mitchell Chas. & Co. iron shipbuilders, Low Walker Mitchell Charles, iron ship builder (C. Mitchell & Co.); ho. Low Walker Potts Cuthbert, grocer and shipbuilder, Walker Iron Works Eayne C. and J. & Co. seed crushers and turpentine distillers, Walker Oil Mills' Redhead John, farmer. Low Walker Rennoldson ^drs. Mary, Walker Mill Ilennoldson W^ilHam, miller, Walker Mill Scott Robert, butcher. Walker Iron Works, St. Anthony's and Bill Quay ScweU Jos. & Co. copperas manufacturers, Lov/ Walker Smith William B. surgeon. Walker Iron Works Swan William, farmer Tate William, grocer and draper, Walker Iron Works The Walker, Alkaxi Company, manu- facturers of crystals of soda, alkalies, & bleaching powders Thompson Joseph, agent, Walker Station Thompson Rev. Christopher, incumbent of W^alker, Parsonage House Tweddell Robert, butcher, Yfalker Iron Works Tweddell John, grocer & spirit merchant, Walker Iron Y^orks Tweddell Thomas, vict. StacJc Inn, farmer and brewer. Stack Brewery Vernon John, agent for Miller, Eavenhill, and Salkeld, Low Yfalker Inns Crown and Anclior, Joseph Middleton, Low Yfalker Engine, Christopher Crawford, Yfalker Station Hope and Anclior, Y'^ilHam Hicks, Bill Point Scrogg House, George and Samuel Bolton Ship, John Mattiiews, Bill Point Stack, Thomas Tweddell, & brewer. Stack Brewery White House, Thomas Harrison, Low Walker JVoolsington House, Y^ilham Carr, Yv'alker Station Waggon, Thomas Gray, Low Y'alker Little Benton is a small village and joint to wnship ^-ith Walker, with ^.vhich its population and acreage are returned. Its rateable value is £3,122. Here are extensive collieries carried on bj the proprietors of Heaton Colliery. Eustace de Benton held this manor, under the barony of Gaugy, in the reign of Henry III. It afterwards became the property of the Scroope family, from whom it passed to the Greystocks. We find it possessed by the Fitz- hughs, in the reign of Henry VI., and it subsequently passed to the Hindmarsh, and Bigge families. The present proprietors are Captain Bigge, and Captain Potts, of Benton Park. The Village of Little Benton is situated about one mile south of Long Benton. There is a school at Bigg's Main, which is attended by about ninety children, and is used as a place of woi-ship, on Sundays, by the Wesleyan Methodist Eeformers. Benton House is a fine structure, the residence of Captain Potts and Edward Potts, Esq. Benton White House. — This estate has been converted into a Botanical Gardens, which were first opened to the public on Whit-Monday, 1854. They are the property of a joint-stock company, whose capital is £10,000, in a thousand shares of £10 each. The grounds, which comprises thirty-one acres, are beautifully situated and 6T. ANDRE^Y S TAEISH, 465 tastefully laid out, and it is intended, at some future period, to add to their attractions, by making them zoological, as well as botanical gardens^ for the counties of Northumberland and Durham. Bell Edward, farmer, Benton Park Gordon James, sclioolmaster, Bigg's Main Jobling John, overman, Bigg's Main Laws John, under viewer, Bigg's Main Nisbitt Wm. registrar of births and deaths Parker John, far.nier, Benton Park Potts Captain John, county magistrate, Benton Park Potts Edward H. Esq. Benton Park Russell George C. farmer Smithard Eev. Joseph, M.A. curate of Long Benton ; ho. Benton Park Steele George, agent, Bigg's Main The Owners of Heaton Colliery, Bigg's Main Weetslade is a township in this parish, situated three miles N. N. W. of Long Benton, and six miles north by east of Newcastle. The area is returned with the parish; population in 1841, 1,003 ; and in 1851, 1,353 souls. ■ The rateable value of the tow^nship is £4,790, and Thomas Smith, Esq., of Gosforth House, Captain Bray, John Walker, Esq., of Seaton Burn House, J. H. H. Atkinson, Esq., John Clayton, Esq., and Messrs Piapier and Lorraine are the principal landov^^ners. There is an extensive colliery and stone quarry in this neighbourhood, the former, worked by Messrs John Bowes, Esq. and Partners, gives employment to a considerable number of persons. A portion of the village of Hazlerigge, is included in this township, the other portion is in that of Killiugworth. Seaton Buex is a hamlet in Weetslade township. Seaton Buen House is a commodious building, the seat of John Walker, Esq. The Wesleyans have a temporary chapel here in the school of Mr. Nicholas Whitfield. Six Mile Beidge is also a hamlet in this township; it is situated six miles north of Newcastle. Wide Open is another hamlet in this township, on the Morpeth-road, five and a quater miles north of Newcastle. Post OmcE, Weetslade, Jane Brown, Postmistress. Letters arrive from Newcastle at 12 noon, and are despatched thereto at 2 p.m. Bowes John, Esq. and Partners, colliery owners, Seaton Burn Colliery Brown Prancis, pubhcan and blacksmith, Six Mile Bridge Charlton John, overman, Seaton Burn Colbeck Heniy, farmer. High Weetslade Davidson Edwd. schoolmaster, Hazlerigge Davidson Henry, farmer, Wide Open Fenwick Thomas, farmer. Wide Open Gallon John, farmer. Green's Houses Gilhespy Piobert, farmer, Low Weetslade Hall John, farmer, Annetsford Lenox William,blacksmith and agricultural implement maker, Six Mile Bridge Palmer Alfred S. viewer, Seaton Burn Palmer George, grocer, Hazlerigge Robson John, vict. Traveller's Rest, Wide Open Eobson John, farmer, Wide Open Robson Robert, builder, and quany owner, Wide Open Simpson James, farmer, Six ]Mile Bridge Smith William, farmer, High Barns Walker John, Esq. Seaton Burn House Whitfield Nichol.schoolmaster, Seaton Burn Wright Rbt. engineer, Seaton Burn Colliery Watson Robert, coal inspector, Seatou Burn Colliery ST. ANDREW'S PARISH. St. Andeew^'s parish comprises the townships of Fenham, Jesmond, and St. Andrew, and the parochial chnpehy of Cramhngton. Its area is 6.035 466 CASTLE WAED— EAST DIVISION, acres, and its population in 1801, was 5,099 ; in 1811, 6,490; in 1821, 8,115 ; in 183], 13,860; inl841, 17,753; and in 1851, it had attained to 21,190 sonls. Cramlington being a parochial chapehy, will be found noticed separ- ately in its alphabetical order, and the township of St. Andrew forming a portion of Newcastle, a separate notice is not required, so all that is necessary here is to describe the other two townships belonging to this parish. Fenham is a township and hamlet, the property, in ancient times, of the famous mihtary order of Knights Templars, on whose suppression it was transferred to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. The town- ship comprises an area of 420 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 93; in 1811, 86; in 182], 87; in 1831, 100; in 1841, 74; and in 1851, 100 souls. The Hamlet of Fenham is about one mile and a half north west of Newcastle. Fexham Hall is most delightfully situated amidst rich gardens and extensive pleasure grounds, and commands particularly interesting views of the fine vale of the Tyne. CowGATE, a hamlet in this township, is situated on the Ponteland road, two miles north west of Newcastle. Jesmond township is situated about one mile and a half north east of New- castle. It contains 654 acres, and its population in 1801, w^as 275 ; in 1811, 317; in 1821, 467; in 1831, 1,393; in 1841, 1,725; and in ISolithad increased to 2,089 souls. Jesmond is included within the parliamentary and municipal boundaries of Newcastle. Of late years a considerable number of good houses have been erected here, and the scenery and walks in the ^dcinity are exceedingly picturesque and agreeable. At the southern extremity of the township the Sandyford Dean is crossed by a stone bridge where the rivulet falls precipitately over a rocky descent into a narrow ravine of great depth, called Lambert's leap, in consequence of the providential escape of Mr. Cuth- bert Lambert, whose mare taking fright as he was riding along Sandyford Lane, instead of pursuing the road, leaped over the battlement of this bridge into the rocky dean below. Mr. Lambert having kept his seat soon recovered from the shock but the mare died almost immediately, having dislocated nearly every joint in her back. Mr. Nicholson, a surgeon's apprentice, repeated this awful leap in 1827, but this time the unfortunate rider was killed, while the horse was scarcely injured. At Jesmond Grove on tbe north bank of the Ouse Burn, are the ruins of St. Mary's Chapel and Hospital, which were formerl}^ much resorted to by pilgrims. The following seats are in this town- ship, viz. ; — Jesmond House, Jesmond Cottage, Jesmond Dean House, Gold- spink Hall, Villa Real, and Sandyford House. Brandling is a village in this township, pleasantly situated on the east side of the Town Moor, about one mile and a quarter from Newcastle. (For Directory, dc. oj these townships, see Newcastle. J TYNEMOUTH PARISH. Tynemouth parish is bounded on the north and west by the parishes of Earsdon, Long Benton, and Wallsend, on the south by the river Tyne, and on the east by the German Ocean. It comprises the townships of Chirton, I BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH. 467 Cullercoats, Murton or Moortowu, North Shields, Preston, Tynemouth, and Whitlej, whose united area is 7,222 statute acres. The population in 1801, was 14,345; in 1811, 19,042; in 1821, 24,820; in 1831, 24,778; in 1841, 27,249; and in 1851 , it had increased to 30,524 souls. The surface is generally level, consisting of a strong soil, well suited for the growth of beans and wheat. Coal and ironstone are abundant, and the only magnesian limestone in the county is found in this parish. Three moors, known respectively by the names of Tynemouth Moor, Shire Moor, and Billy Mill Moor, and containing tosfether an area of 1,300 acres, were divided and enclosed, under the autho- rity of acts of parlia^ment, obtained in the reign of George III. BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH. Tynemouth and North Shields form a corporate and parliamentary borough and seaport, at the mouth of the river Tjne, on its northern bank, eight miles east north-east from Newcastle. The area of the township of North Shields, inclusive of Cullercoats and Philadelphia village, amounts to 1,018 acres; its population in 1801, was 7,280; in 1811, 7,699; in 182], 8,205; in 1831, 6,744; in 1841, 7,509; and in 1851, 8,882 souls. Tyne- mouth township contains 1,871 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 3,856; in 1811, 5,843; in 1821, 9,454; in 1831, 10,182; in 1841, 11,854; and in 1851, it had increased to 14,493 souls. As a great portion of the tovm stretches into the adjoining townships of Tynemouth, Preston, and Chirton, the two latter of which will be found noticed separately, we will here describe the townships of North Shields and Tynemouth as one undivided town, extending eastward from Milburn-place, to the Low Lights, and northward from the river to the Newcastle and Tynemouth turnpike-road, the whole including an area containing upwards of 4,000 houses. The old part of it is in the township of North Shields. Within less than a century this was "a poor miserable place," containing scarcely a single house roofed with tiles, and none slated. It has, nevertheless, sprung up into a large, populous, and flourishing town, with many handsome streets, squares, and public buildings, a commodious market-place, and a harbour capable of con- taining 2,000 vessels, many of those arriving at Shields, both north and south, being destined for the Nevv^castle trade, but being of such burden as to pre- vent their proceeding up the river to Nev\-castle. The Tyne mouth forms a safe haven of sufficient depth to suit vessels of anj tonnage except on the bar of sand which crosses it, where there is little more than seven feet depth of water at the ebb. On the west side of this barrier there are many dangerous rocks, rendering three lighthouses necessary for the safety of the liarbour. That called the Low Light is situated near Chfford's Fort, a battery which effectually commands the entrance to the river. There are two other lights, one on the bank opposite Dockwray-square, and the other on the cliff on the north-east side of Tynemouth Castle. North Shields possesses a spacious quay, and is provided with everything essential to the expeditious discharge and loading of the vessels. The coal trade has contributed greatly to the weidth, 468 CASTLE WARD-— EAST DIVISION. importance, and population of the town, which, having been created a distinct port some five years ago, bids fair to become one of the most thriving places in the kingdom. The principal manufactures are those connected with the supply of the shipping in the port and in the ship-building yards, but there are considerable manufactories of chemical substances, tobacco, hats, gloves, &c. The market is held on Saturday, and there are annual fairs on the last Friday in April, and the first Friday in November. Tynemouth village is situated on a kind of promontory, jutting out into the sea, and forms a sort of overhanging boundary to the mouth of the Tyne. It consists principally of one good street, leading east and west, crossed by some smaller streets at right angles to the principal one. The chief source of its present importance is the Prior's Haven, which, being sheltered by an amphi- theatre of rocks, forms one of the best bathing places on the eastern coast. The houses are for the most part well built, and daring the bathing season we have all the usual finery, and pleasantry, and liveliness of a fashionable watering place. Tynemouth owes its origin to the religious spirit of our ancestors, and can boast of a far more ancient history than its neighbour North Shields. Tradition informs us that a priory was erected here by St. Oswald, King of Northumbria — although some authorities mention its foundation in connexion with the name of King Egfrid. It is known, however, that St. Herebald was abbot here in the beginning of the eighth century. The priory was plundered by the Danes three several times, before aud duiing the reign of Athelstan. Shortly after the Norman conquest, the priory was restored by Tostig, Earl of Nortlmmberland, w^hose successor, Waltheof, about 1074, gave it with all its possessions, to the monks of Jarrow, and it shortly afterwards became a cell to the Church of Durham, but v/as subsequently transferred to St. Alban's, in Hertfordshire. During the rebellion of Earl Mowbray, in 1095, the priory w^as beseiged by Bufus, who reduced it to a ruin, but it was rebuilt in 1110, and in 1121, the monks of Durham made a fruitless attempt to recover it from St. Alban's abbey. In subsequent ages the priory enjoyed considerable wealth, no fewer than twenty-seven manors in Northumberland, with their royalties, and other valuable lands and tenements, having belonged t^ it. The small monastery on Coquet Island was a ceU to this house. The annual revenue of the priory, at the time of the suppression of the religious houses, w^as £396 lOs. 6d., or according to Speed £511 4s. Id. The possessions of this venerable establishment were granted by Edward VI, in 1550, to the Earl of War\^ick, but, on the attainder of that nobleman, they reverted to the Crown. The church continued to be parochial until 1657, when, in consequence of its dilapidated state, it w^as considered requisite to erect a new church at North Shields, and since the period just mentioned, the ancient structure has suffered considerably from the corroding hand of time. The lofty position which the priory occupies, renders its ruins visible far out at sea. The fine old windows of the Priory Church present graceful examples of the early English style of pointed architecture, and the crumbling ruins around it show that the priory must have been a place of vast extent. It must be confessed, however, that the appropriation of the partially-restored I BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH. 469 ruin as a magazine for military stores, and of the old tower as a barrack — for the site of the priory belongs to the crown, although the Duke of Northum- berland is lord of the Manor of Tynemouth — somewhat diminishes the anti- quarian and picturesque interest attached to the ruins. North Shields is scarcely mentioned in our early history, and is indebted for its origin to the priors of Tynemouth, who endeavoured, by every means in their power, to raise a town upon the northern bank of the Tyne. In this undertaldng they were most strenuously opposed by the burgesses of Newcastle, who, in 1280, summoned the prior of Tynemouth before John Delaval, the King's justice itinerant, to show cause why he had raised a town at Shields, consisting of twenty-six houses, inhabited by fishermen, bakers, and brewers, from whom he received a considerable income. He was also charged with allowing ships to load and unload, and that he encouraged several branches of trade, with many other charges of a similar nature. The prior made an able defence, but the jury found that he had built a town upon the northern shore of the Tyne, w^here no town ought to stand, but only huts for fishermen. The prior's four ovens at Shields were fined five marks, and both Shields and Tynemouth were forbidden to hold fair or market, or to expose for sale, meat, drink, or other articles. Previous to this trial the prior had sixteen "great fishing busses," and his town of Shields was rich enough to send to sea two hundred vessels. Shortly after the above trial the prior had to remove, at his own expense, the quay which he had caused to be erected. The spirit of monopoly was long cherished by Newcastle, and it was not till 1804 that the inhabitants of Shields and Tynemouth obtained the privilege of a public market. CHURCHES, CHAPELS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. The Parish, or Christ's ChurcHj Preston Lane, was erected about the middle of the seventeenth century. It was originally constructed of brick, but, in 1792, it was almost entirely re-built of stone, and a steeple was also erected. At present it is a plain commodious structure, capable of accom- modating about 2,000 persons. The parish register commences in 1607. The living, a discharged vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, is valued in the Liber Regis at £21. 19s. 4d. ; gross income, £298. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland. Vicar, the Rev. Christopher Reed; curates, the Revs. John W. Taft, John H. Blunt, and Matthew Atkinson. Holy Trinity Church, Collingwood-street, is attended by the clergymen of Christ's Church. St. Cuthbert's Catholic Church, Bedford-street, is an elegant stone edifice in the Gothic style. It was erected in 1820-21, and was opened on the 21st of June of the latter year, by the Right Rev. Thomas Smith, Bishop of Bolina, and Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District, assisted by a large number of clergymen. The Presbytery adjoining the church is a handsome stone building. The Rev. Thomas Gillow, is the present priest. 470 CASTLE WAED — EAST DIVISION. The Scotch Church, Howard-street, is a handsome stone structure in tlie Grecian Doric style of architecture, erected in 1811, at a cost of £2,275. Eev. W. Reive, minister. The Wesletan Chapel, Howard- street, is a spacious brick building, possessing accommodation for about 3,000 persons. It was erected in 1807, at a cost of £2,500. The Wesletan (New Connexion) Chapel, Linskiil-street, is a good stone edifice, erected in 1836, at a cost of £1,200, This denomination pos- sesses another chapel in South-street. The Independent Chapel, Cam- den-street, was erected in 1817, by a body of seceders from the Scotch Church, Howard-street. It is a fine stone structure, and will accommodate about 800 persons. Roy. Archibald Jack, minister. The Baptist Chapel, Howard-street, is a neat stone building in the Norman style, erected in 1846, at an expense of £1,200. It possesses sittings for 700 persons. Rev. John D. Carrick, minister. The United Presbyterian Chapel, Norfolk-street, is a plain brick edifice, capable of accommodating about 450 persons. A piece of ground, in Norfolk-street, has been purchased by tins congregation, who purpose erecting a new and more commodious place of worship. Rev. H. E, Fraser, minister. In addition to the above, the Wesleyan Reformers have a place of worship in Norfolk-street, the Primitive Methodists possess one in Union-street, the Friends have a meeting house in Ropery Banks, and there is a French Chapel in Stephenson-street. Royal Jubilee School. — This establishment is situated in Albion-street, and is a large brick edifice, with residences for the teachers attached. It was erected by subscription in 1810, under the patronage of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland, and is supported by voluntaiy subscriptions and donations. It is attended by about three hundred children of both sexes. Thomas Haswell, Judith Murray, and Rosamond Harrison, teachers. Kettlewell's School is situated in George-street, and is a handsome stone, building in the Egyptian style of architecture. It was founded in 1824, by the will of Mr. Thomas Kettle well, who directed that the government should be vested in eight trustees, with the right of appointing and removing the master. By the deed of foundation theiustruction to be imparted, is described as " such useful knowledge and learning as the trustees should deem prudent," and the establishment is to be free to poor children belonging to, or residing in the parish, with preference to orphans. The income is derived from dividends, which produced, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' Report £111 12s. per annum. About two-hundred boys are taught reading, writing and accounts, and some of them Latin. Henry Johnson, teacher. Holy Trinity School is a good stone building, situated in Collingwood- street, near the church, and has an average daily attendance of three-hundred pupils. Robert Bone and Margaret Dunn, teachers. Catholic School, Nelson-street, was erected in 1840. It is a neat stone edifice, and is attended by about one hundred and thirty children. Thomas McKenzie, teacher. In addition to these schools there are the Girls' Union School, Norfolk- street, Jane Hall, teacher; the Industry and Infant School, Norfolk-street, BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH. 471 Maiy Hobson, teacher ; the Scotch Church National Schools, Howard-street, John Mavor and D. Shai^, teachers ; besides numerous private schools, for v.'hich see Directory. The public buildings and institutions of this borough are as numerous and as elegant as those of any other town of the same class. Among its many institutions the first place is due to the Dispensary, which was estabhshed, in 1802, " for the relief of the lame and the sick poor of North Shields and Tynemouth," and is entirely supported by bequests, donations, and subscrip- tions. Since the institution of this meritorious establishment, at the period above mentioned, it has rendered incalculable benefits to the poor of the town and neighbourhood. The Duke of Northumberland is patron, Wm. Linskill, Esq., and the Rev. Christopher Reed, presidents ; Joseph Laing, Esq., Tlios. Fenwick, Esq., and E. J. Collingwood, Esq., vice-presidents ; Mr. Maysou, honorary secretary. For surgeons, &c., see Directory. The Master Mariners' Asylum is pleasantly situated on Tynemouth Road. It is a stone structure in the Ehzabethian style, and was erected in 1837-8, at a cost of £5,100. The Duke of Northumberland gave the site, and a large quantity of the materials employed in the construction of the edifice. It will accommodate eighteen men and their wives, as also fourteen wido^vs, and at present (1854) is fully occupied. A full length statue of the Duke of Northumberland, occupies a niche in the front of the building. Mr. Robert Popplewell, secretary. The towai possesses several w^eU conducted benefit societies, among which the following deserve particular notice, viz. ; — " The Good Design Associa- tion " for the relief of shipwrecked mariners, &c. ; the " Loyal Standard Association," for the mutual relief of sailors, &c., in case of shipwreck or other disasters; and the " Shipwrecked Fishermen's and Mariners' Society." The offices, &c., of the above, and other societies, wall be found in the Directory. The Savings' Bank, Saville-street, is a provident institution, which affords a safe and profitable investment for the savings of the industrious classes. Samuel J. Tibbs, actuary. The House of Correction is a plain stone building situated in Tynemouth Road, and serves as a place of temporary confinement for prisoners previous to their rem.oval to the county jail at Morpeth. John Wood, keeper. The Custom House is situated on the New Quay. R. S. Kilgour, col- lector ; James Turner, comptroller and landing surveyor. The Tow^n Hall, Saville-street, is a fine stone edifice, erected in 1844, at an expense of £800, and comprises the usual corporate offices, as also the county court, police station, &c. Robert Mitchell, superintendent of police. The Baths and Wash Houses are situated in Saville-street and Church Way, on a piece of ground belonging to the Duke of Northumberland. They v/ere erected during the present year (1854), from a design by Messrs. Ash- pitel and Whichcord, of London. The south end of the building comprises the two principal entrances, an office, and apartments above for the residence of the superintendent. The whole of the baths and wash-houses are upon 472 CASTLE WARD-— EAST DIVISION. one floor. The furnaces, boilers, and liot air apparatus are below the ground level, and the requisite conducting pipes are carried from these to all parts of the building. The largest room in the place is the wash-house department, which contains twenty distinct recesses, ten being ranged along each side wall, all open in front, but separated from each other, by a partition six and half feet high, the floor area of each being five feet by four, and the space above the partitions open up to the roof. Every washing apartment is furnished \vith three wooden troughs, all framed together, one for boiling the clothes, a second for washing, and a tliird for rinsing them. Against the wall, ex- tending through the whole range, are three pipes, from which are taps to supply hot and cold water and steam, the boiling process in one of the tubs being kept up by a jet from the steam pipe passing constantly into it. Down the middle of the room there is a double range of drying closets, back to back, corresponding in number with the w^ashing apartments. The closets are furnished vdth galvanized iron rods to hang clothes on, which will be dried by heated air coming up through iron gratings in the floor. On a line with the w^ash-house, in a separate apartment, there are four second-class baths for women, one of whicli can be used as a shower bath. The east entrance from the front leads to an apartment with two first-class baths for women, one of which is also a shower bath. The other front entrance leads to two separate apartments, one containing seven second-class baths for men ; the other con- taining three first-class. There is a vapour bath in one of these apartments, W'hich can be used as a shower bath also. On the whole, the arrangements are most admirable, and the manner in which the work has been executed reflects great credit on the contractors, Messrs. Rutter and Towns, of Korth Shields, for the builders' work ; and Mr. Thomas Potter, of London, who had the engineers' work. David Matthew, superintendent. There are also extensive baths at the Prior's Haven, Tynemouth, and an old establishment, for slipper and shower baths, at the Low Lights. Banks. — The National Provincial Bank of England is situated in Howard-street. P. A. Dodds, manager. This establishment draws upon the London Joint Stock Bank, Princess-street, London. The Northumber- land AND Durham District Bank is in Camden-street. Piobert Milburn, manager. This house draws upon Barclay, Bevin, & Co., Lombard-street, London. The Union Bank is situated in Howard-street. Robert Foster, manager. It draws upon the Union Bank, Princess-street, London. The business hours of the above establishments are from ten a.m. to three p.m., except on Fridays when they close at one p.m. The Borough of Tvnemouth Gas Company possess works at the Low Lights, and Northumberland-street, the former of which were established in 1802, at an expense of £5,000, since which time their efficiency has been much increased. The offices of the company are situated in Bedford-street, W. H. Atkinson, secretary. The Post Office is situated in Camden-street, John Hume, postmaster. There are receiving houses at the Bull Ring, Tyne-street, and Russell-street. The Railway Station is in Little Bedford-street. Trains pass ten or BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH* 473 twelve times daily for Newcastle and Tyneraoutli. The Blytli and Tyne Railway Company, have a station at Percy Main. Robert Snowdon, station master. The York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway Company, have also a separate station at the same place. James Doherty, station master. The Temperance Hall, or Athen^um, Norfolk-street, was erected in 1845, at a cost of £1,200. It is a fine commodious edifice, containing a museum, meeting-room, and various offices. The Registrar's Office is situated in Saville-street, and is a fine stone building in the Gothic style, erected in 1837, at a cost of £800. It contains the Savings' Bank, and Guardians' Meeting-room. S. J. Tibbs, clerk, and superintendent registrar. There are in Shields many other offices, &c. which our space will not permit us to particularise, they will be found in their proper places in the Directory. The Tynemouth Literary and Philosophical Society, Howard-street, was established in November 1835. In consequence of the North Shields Subscription Library having been for some time in a declining state, through a deficiency of adequate support, it was resolved to alter its mode of operation, and to form the above society, which now possesses a good library of 6,000 volumes, and a museum, in addition to which lectures are delivered, from time to time, on literary and scientific subjects. It is open every day (Sundays excepted) from ten a.m. to one p.m. and again from six to ten p.m. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; Vice Patrons, Matthew Bell, Esq. and Samuel Ogle, Esq.; Secretary, J. P. Dodd, L.L.D.; Librarian, John Robson. There is another Library in Tyne-street, called the " Tradesmen's and Mechanics' Library." The town also possesses two news-rooms, the " Com- mercial News-room," Tyne-street, G. L. Dobinson, secretary; and the " Tyne News-room," in Dockwray-street, G. Robson, secretary. The Theatre Pooyal is situated in Union-street. It is a fine commo- dious building, weU. adapted for the purposes to which it is applied. The internal arrangements and decorations, are in good taste, and are scarcely surpassed by any provincial theatre. Samuel Roxby, lessee and manager. The Old Assembly Rooms are at the George Tavern, King-street. The Albion Assembly Rooms, Norfolk-street, North Shields, form a hand- some structure of polished ashlar, in a very ornamental style of architecture, consisting of an addition to the Albion Hotel, in the above street, and three shops with extensive cellars underneath. The fronts of these shops are very ornate, with arched tops, carved caps, consols, &c., and each window is filled with one square of plate glass, which adds much to the general appearance. Above the shops, and extending the entire length of the building, is a large hall eighty-four feet six inches in length, by thirty-six feet in breadth, and nearly thirty feet in height. The interior is finished in a bold, ornamental style, the walls are pannelled with wood to the height of six feet, and behind this pannelling a current of fresh air is allowed to pass, which can be regulated to any extent, thus making adequate provision for the requisite ventilation. The windows are lofty and circular, and between them are pilasters with carved caps, having a truss running up to meet the moulded beams which divide the O TV o 474. CASTLE WARD— EAST DIVISIOX. ceiling into compartments. These are divided into pannels, and give to the ceiling a very rich appearance, In each compartment of the ceiling, a venti- lator is placed, filled in with a neat ornamental centre flovrer. The cornice is Yeiy bold having cantilevers, and the frieze a running flower or scroll. There are three very handsome stone fire places, ornamented with pilasters, carved caps, and trusses. The jambs are arched, the keystone being a finely exe- cuted lion's head, and the spandrils are filled in with a carved device of the rose, thistle, and shamrock. The staircase is very spacious, and above it is a gal- lery or orchestra, capable of accommodating upwards of one hundred persons. The hall is lighted with four circular chandehers, designed expressly for the purpose by the architect, and constructed by Messrs. Glaholm, of Newcastle. These chandeliers have each sixty jets, and when lighted must present a magnificent appearance. The whole of the works are well executed and reflect the highest credit upon the several parties who have been employed in their execution. The building is the property of Messrs. Carr, Ormston, and Carr, of the Low Lights. The mason work and carving were done by Mr. J. Eidley Eobson, and the joiner work by Mr. Thomas Dawson, both of North Shields, the plastering by Mr. James Aitken, and the wood-carving by Mr. Jobson of Newcastle. The whole has been executed from designs furnished by Mr. J. E. Watson, architect, of Newcastle. The Noeth Shields and Tynemoxjth Cricket Club, for the practice of the manly, in^-igorating, and truly English game of cricket, is under the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland. The cricket ground is situated in Preston Lane. The Tynemouth Pooe Law Union comprises 30 parishes and townships including an area of 39,737 statute acres, and a population in 1851 of 64,248 souls. The parishes and tov\-nships are Backworth, Bebside, Blj^th (South^i and Newsham, Burradon, Chirton, Cowpen, Cramlington, Cullercoats, Earsdon, Hartford (East), Hartford (West), Hartley, Holywell, Horton, Howden Pans, Killingworth, Long Benton, Monkseaton, Murton, North Shields, Philadelphia, Preston, Seaton Delaval, Sighill, Tynemouth, Walker, Wallsend, Weetslade, WlUington, and Whitley. — The Union Woekhouse is situated in Preston Lane. JohnTinley, Esq., chairman; Cuthbert Hunter, Esq., vice-chairman; J. Pt. Owen, surgeon ; Samuel James Tibbs, clerk ; John Johnson, master ; Hannah Johnson, matron. The County Court, for the recovery of debts under JgSO. is held once a month, at the Town HaU, Saville Street. James Losh, Esq., judge. Office, Tyne Street, Henry Ingledew, Esq, clerk. Government and Feanchise. — Tynemouth and North Shields were enfranchised by the Pteform Act, and now return one member to the Imperial Parliament. The borough consists of the townships of Chirton, North Shields, Preston, Tynemouth, and Cullercoats. The area of the borough is 5,161 sta- tute acres, and its population, in 1851, was 29,170 souls. Courts Leet, Baron and Customary of the lord of the manor, are held here by prescription, and are of very ancient date. Jurisdiction is held in all actions of a personal nature of debt, trespass, and replevin, where the sum claimed is under forty BOROUGH OF TTNEMOUTH. 475 shillings The court may be held from three weeks to three weeks, but has only been held twice a year, at Easter and Michaelmas. A charter of in- corporation has been granted to Tynemouth, which is now for municipal pm'poses, divided into three ivards, called respectively North Shields, Tyne- mouth, and Percy Wards. Six aldermen and eighteen councillors have been appointed for its government, and a commission of the peace has also been granted. The parliamentary and municipal boroughs are coextensive. William Shaw Lindsay, Esq. is the present member. BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH. COEPORATION IN 1854-5. John W. Mayson, Mayor. Thomas C. Lietch, Town Clerk. j Eobeet Spence, Treasurer. Thomas Fenwick, Surveyor. ALDEEMEN. William Linskill, Eobeet Pow. Solomon Mease. Alexander Baetleman. Matthew Popplewell. John Twizel. NoETH Shields Waed. George Hall. Eobert Laiug. G. S. Tyzack. James Leslie. George Wascoe. John Eennison. COUNCILLOES. Tynemouth Waed. John Tinley. John Owen. J. E. Proctor. John Carr. John F. Spence. George Johnson. Peecy Waed. William Walker. George Eippon. J. W. Mayson. William Eichmond. Thomas Barker. John Fenwick, jun. The Mayor. Thomas Barker, John Ball. John Coppen, BOEOUGH MAGISTEATES. William Linskill. Solomon Mease. Joseph Straker. JtlENEY Claek, High Constable. Charities. — Besides the charity schools, this parish possesses the following bequests and donations. A rent charge of £20 per annum, left by Sir Mark Milbank, who directed that £3 thereof should be paid to the vicar, and tlie residue to the poor of the parish. Eleanor Wilson, in 1703, left £25 for the poor of the same place. William Raperleft the sum of £30, the interest of which was to be devoted to the poor of the parish. George Crawford, in 1811, bequeathed the dividends on £700, three per cent, consols, for the 476 CASTLE WARD EAST DIVISION. poor of tlie village of Tynemoutli. George Milburn left ten shillings a year to be paid to the poor of the township of Chirtou, at Easter, and Margaret Richardson, by her will, bearing the date 3rd April, 1788, bequeathed £466 13s. 4d. East India annuities, to the poor of the township of North Shields. POST OFFICE, NORTH SHIELDS. John Hume, Postmaster. DELIVEEIES. 1st — rrom London and all parts 2nd — „ London, Scotland, Northumberland, r«tewcas- tle, Gateshead, Sunderland, South Shields, and Blyth Road ,, Tyuemouth On Sundays London and all parts , Delivery Commences 8 30 a.m. 7 p.m. 8 30 p.m. 7 p.m. 9 a.m. i^ttendance at the Office from 9 to 10 30 a.m. only. DESPATCHES. * To the North generally Jst — ^London, Bye-road, Ireland, Newcastle,] Gateshead, Sunderland, and South \ Shields J 2nd — London, South generally, Scotland, and Ireland Blyth, Cullercoats, Seaton - sluice, Hartley, Percy-main, and Chirton . . Tynemouth Letter-box Closes, 3 20 p.m. 4 20 p.m. 8 20 p.m. 8 a.m. 8 30 a.m. 7 p.m. Additional Stamp. 3 40 p.m. 4 40 p.m. 8 40 p.m. 8 25 a.m. Town Eeceiving Houses close at 3-50 p.m. and 7-50 p.m. * Letters for first despatch, north, must be posted at chief-ofl&ce. Mo^'EY Oedees granted and paid from 9 a.m. till 4 p.m., and from 4-50 till 6 p.m« Letters registered until within half-an-hour of the closing of the letter-box for each despatch. BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH DIRECTORY. ABEAM Thomas, cheese, flour, and hacon merchant, Bedford-street; ho. Cecil-street Abraham Joseph, clothier, Clive-street Adams George, cabinet maker and joiner, Library Bank, Foot of Howard street; ho. 8, Nelson-street Adams George, outfitter. New Quay Adams John, vict. Raffled Anclior, Swan's Quay Adams George, master mariner, Preston Adams Thomas, master mariner, Preston Adamson Marylsab. teacher,97, Church-way Affleck William, grocer and pro\nsion mer- chant. North-street; ho. Bedford-street Adamson William, solicitor, Front-street, Tynemouth Ainsley George, butcher, 30, Duke-street Aird John, bootmaker. Beacon-street Aisbitt T. 0. ship and insurance agent, Dockwray-square Aird Thos. bootmaker, 25, Linskill-street Alderson Pv,ev. Wm. 58, Norfolk- street Alendale Charles, agent, Huntingdon-place, Tynemouth Alexander Alexander, gardener, Albion-st Alexander Mi\ John, East Percy-street Alexander John, tallow chandler, Knott's- lane; ho. 38, Norfolk-street Alexander William, vict. Brewers' Arms, Beacon-street Allen Mrs. Ellen, midwife, 9, Saville-street Allen Ahce, vict. Corporation Arms Tavern, Wellington-street Allen William, master mariner, Church-st AlHson W. H. and Co. brewers, malsters, and wine and spirit merchants, High Brewery, Duke-street Allon James C. builder, Upper Linskill-st Allon John, builder (Wright and Allon); ho. King-street Allon John C. builder, Linskill-street Almond John P. engineer & engine builder, King street and Union Quay, Low Lights ; ho. George-street Anderson Joseph, registrar of births and deaths for the districts of Tynemouth, Cullercoats, Whitley, and Monkseaton, 18, King-street Anderson Francis E. draper and outfitter, Clive-street; ho. S'J, Church-street Anderson Jas. turner & carver, Camden-ln Anderson Geo. ship builder and surveyor, &c. (Pickering & Anderson); ho. Bell-st Anderson Henry, agent, Low Lights Anderson James, vict. Royal Hotel, Tyne- mouth AndersonJon. dealer in sundries,Charlotte-st Anderson Jno. painter & glazier, Charlotte-st Anderson John, master mariner, George-st Anderson Piobt. master mariner 23,King-st Anderson Joseph, registrar of births and deaths for Tynemouth district, 18,King-st Angus Thomas, boot and shoemaker, 50, Church -way Angus William, tailor. 3, Camden-street Anstice Mrs. Ellen, Tynemouth Anthony Ann, marine store dealer. Grey Horse Quay Appleby Sarah, milliner and dress maker, Norfolk-street Appleby Thomas, bookseller. Front-street, Tynemouth Appleton Horatia, btchr. Lower Peai'son-st Archer George, tailor, Bussell-street Arkell Elizabeth, vict. and grocer, Wheat Sheaf, Middle-street Arkley John, master mariner, 4, Smith's-pl Toll-square Arkley John, dealer in groceries, 2, Dot- Avick-street ; ho. Kopery-bank 478 CASTLE WARD — EAST DH'ISION, Armer Eobert, grocer, Percy-st. TjTieniouth Armstrong George, butcher and shipowner, Clive-street ; ho. Sidney-street Armstrong Isabella, milliner cfc dressmaker 67, Stephenson-street Armstrong Isabella, vict. Oah Tavern, Charlotte-street Armstrong John, L. grocer, Union-street Armstrong John, ship & insurance broker, 12, Tyne-st ; ho. 68, Church-street Armstrong John, ^dct. Hojpe and Anchor, Bell-street Armstrong John, master mariner, 59, Howard-street Armstrong Joseph, master mariner, Lins- kill-street Armstrong Robert B. Temperance Hotel, Front-street, Tynemouth Armstrong Eobert, tailor, 67, Church-way Armstrong WiUiam, baker and flour dealer, Church-way Armstrong Wm. butcher and vict. Norfolk Arms, Norfolk-street Arras John, draper, Albion-street Arthur Edward E. ship surveyor, and ship owner, Bedford-street Arthur Wilham Baker, Cullercoats Ascough George, tin and iron plate worker and brazier, 86, Stephenson-street Atkin Ealph, cabinet maker and joinei'. Queen-street ; ho. 23, Church-street Atkins William, master mariner, Church-st Atkinson George, agent, Sidney-street Atkinson John, shipowner and vict. Steam Ferry House, New Quay Atkinson John M. com. agent, 17,Walker-pl Atkinson John, wine and spirit merchant, Clive-street : ho. Albion-street Atkinson John W. plumber, brazier, gas- fitter, and iron and tinplate worker, Union -street Atkinson Matthew H. secretary to the Equitable Insurance Association, 35, Tyne-street ; ho. Eosella place Atkinson Eer. Matthew, Bedford-street Atkinson Michael, linen andwoollen draper and mercer, Howard-street Atkinson Eobert, shipowner, 10, East Percy-street Atkinson William H. secretary to gas com- pany and insurance agent, Bedford-street; ho. Tynemouth-terrace Austin Joseph, master mariner, Linskill-st Avery George, shipowner, Stephenson-st Avrillaud Jules, agent for the French Consul at Newcastle; ho. Cobourg-place Aynsley G. butcher, 30, Duke-st.&Middle-st Aynsley Eenwick, farmer, Seaton Villa, Monkseaton Aynsley Henry, vict. and wholesale agent for Elliot and W^atney's London porter, Uncle Tom's Vaults, 51, Bedford-street A}-nsley,Thos. master mariner,57,Norfolk-st BAILEY John, chemist and druggist and grocer, 56, Front-street, Tynemouth Baine George, master mariner, 27, North-st Bainbridge W^illiam, shipowner and master mariner, 40, Sidney-street Baird Joshua, dealer in sundries, Bell-st Baird John, inland revenue officer, 79, Linskill- street Baker Jacob, pork butcher, Clive-street Baker E. tailor & draper, 72, Church-way Ballard Frederick, tripe preparer, Duke-st Balls W^m. master mariner, 65, Howard-st Banks Benjamin, acting tide surveyor, Hudson-street Barker & Fenwick, clerks to the magistrates for the east division of Castle Ward, Norfolk-street Barker Henry, commission agent, Norfolk- street ; ho. 59, Camden- street Barker Eichard, soHcitor, Norfolk-street; ho. Preston Barker Thomas, Esq. J. P. shipowner, Eosella Cottage Barlow Mrs. Hannah, 22, Norfolk-street Barnsley John, master mariner, 69, Cam- den-street Barras Charles, master mariner, Linskill-st Bartleman & Crighton, brewers, malsters, and wine and sphit merchants, Bull-iing and Clive-street Bartleman Alexander, brewer and wine and spirit merchant (Bartleman & Crighton); ho. Tynemouth Bartlett Joshua, hairdresser, Dotwick-st Baty Mrs. Isabella, East Percy-street Bavjdge Wm. A. shipowner, 62, Howard-st Baxter Anthony, fishmonger, W^. Percy-st Baxter W'illiam, master mariner, Linskill-st Bayhe W^ilHam, vict. and insurance agent, tfnion Hotel, Lid dell-street Baynes George & Co. grocers and tallow chandlers, 5, Bedford-street Baynes George, grocer and tallow chandler (G. Baynes & Co.) ; ho. South Preston Villa- Beagle John, vict. Steam Mill Inn, Mount Pleasant BeaumontWm. -sact. BatJi Hot el, Tyneraonth Bell Edward, tailor, Camden-street Bell Eliz. vict. Bull Ring Inn, Bull-ring 4 BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH DIBECTOEY. in Bell G. master mariner, Howard-street Bell Gr. master mariner, 6, Middle -street Bell James, vict. Ship Launch, Low Lights Bell, Jane and Dorothy, boarding school, 9, East Percy-street Bell John, dealer in sundries, Bell-street Bell Matthew, vict. Gibraltar Rock, Tyne- mouth Bell Eichard, vict. Globe Inn, Clive street Bell Susannah, dressmaker, 77, Hudson-st Bell Thomas, green grocer. Duke-street Bell Thos. E. W. ship owner, Field House Bell Wm. vict. Greyhound, Chm'ch-street Bell William, dealer in sundries, Union-st Bell William, publican, laainter, glazier, & paper hanger, Bedford-street, Union-st. and Tynemouh Bengali John, butcher, 17, Bull-ring ; ho. Nelson-street Bengali William, vict. & ship owner, Percy Arms, Whitehill Point Bergen Eichard, master mariner, Sidney-st Berkeley Mr. William, Dawson -square, Tynemouth BethuneWm. mstr. mariner, 64, Camden-st Bevidge Jas. master mariner, Church-street Bilton Greo. mstr. mariner, Little Bedford-st Birkett John, vict. John Bull, Church-st Black Elizabeth, straw - bonnet maker, Church-street Black George, master mariner, George st Black Mr. John, 6, Walker-place Black John, ship smith, and chain and cable manufacturer, Union-road ; ho. Beacon-street Black John, boot and shoemaker, Pear- son's-row Black Joseph, smith, Upper Toll-street Black Theodore, master mariner, 55, Cam- den-street Blacklock Isabella, vict. Phoenix Inn, Duke- street Blackwood John T. watch and clock maker, &c, (W. & J. T. Blackwood) ; ho. 80, King-street, South Shields Blackwood Wm. watch and clock maker, &c. (W. & J. T. Blackwood) ; ho. Tyne-st Blackwood W. & J. T. watch and clock makers, &c. Tyne-street Blagdon & Son ship chandlers, Anchor Quay, Clive-street Blagdon Jno. ship chandler, and shipowner (Blagdon &Son) ; ho. Church-street Blagdon Wm. ship chandler (Blagdon and Son) ; ho. Church-street Blunt Eev. John Henry, 3, Dockwray- square Blyton John, confectioner and seedsman, Tyne-street Boag Wm. master mariner, East-street Milburn-place Bolam Ehzb. milliner, Bedford-street Berries Theodore, shipbroker, &c. (Bolde- man, Borries & Co.) ; ho Tynemouth Boldemann, Borries & Co. shipbrokers, and Sweden and Norwegian vice-consuls, Bell-street Bolton James, baker and flour dealer, 34, Stephenson-street Bolton Eobert, dealer in groceries and baker, 4, Bird-street Bone Jane, teacher of the piano-forte, 4, Nelson-street Bone Eobert, teacher, 4, Nelson-street Bonhorarae Francis, interpreter, East Percy-street Boorn Thos. butcher and shipowner, Clive- street ; ho. Spring-terrace Boswell Mr. Wm. Stephenson-street Bourne Wm. M.D. & surgeon, Howard-st Bourley Eobt. shipowner, 7, Spring-terrace Bowes Mr. Adam E.Dawson-sq.Tynemouth Bowie Jane, shipowner, 27, King-st Bowman Margaret A. fruiterer & dealer in game, 38, Tyne-street Bowman Thomas, vict. Percy Arms Percy Main Bowman Stewart, hairdresser, Clive-street, Brack John, vict. and whip-gut manufac- turer. Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge Bradford Joseph, vict. English and French Flag, Bell-street Bramwell John B. M.D. and surgeon, 38, Dockwray-square Bramwell Wm. surgeon, 5, Dockwray-sq Brand Joseph, builder and contractor (Brand and Mouat) ; ho. George-street Brand and Mouat, builders and contractors, George-street Brewster George E. hairdresser, Church-st Briggs Thomas, grocer, tea dealer, and tobacconist, 15, Tyne-street Brightman tienry A. ship and insurance broker, Austrian vice-consul. New Quay ; ho. 26, Spring terrace Briggs William P. master mariner. Front- street, Tynemouth Brock John, master mariner, Howard-st Broderick John H. master mariner, Lins- kill-street Brodie Alexr. master mariner, Ropery-bank Brodie John, master mariner, Sidney-street Brown Adam, boot cl: shoemaker, Bedford-st Brown Mrs. Ann, shipowner, Nrthmbrld-sq 480 CASTLE WAKD— EAST DIVISION. Brov/n Andrew, tailor & outfitter, Duke- street & Colliugwood-st; ho. Sidney-st Brown Charles, corn miUer (W. Brown & Sons); ho. West Percy-street Brown Miss Dorothy, 7, Upper Norfolk-st Brown Mrs. Frances, King-street Brown George, vict. Shij) d: Whale, Bell-st Brown George, insurance agent and steam- boat proprietor, New Quay; ho. South Shields Brown Jas. beerhouse, Northumberland-st Brown James D. commission agent, Lins- kill-street Brown James, grocer, Church-way Brown James, baker. Church-street Brown John, boot & shoemaker, Tyne- street ; ho. Queen-street Brown John, grocer & flour dealer, Clive- street; ho. Bedford-street Brown & Butterley, plumbers, braziers, &c. 6, Norfolk- street Brown Eobert, master mariner, 74, Cam- den-street Brown Piobert, master mariner, Sidney-st Brown Thos. vict. Bising Sim,'Bvmismck-'p\ Brown Thomas, master mai'iner, 5, Smith's- place. Toll-square Brown AVilliam, plumber, brazier, & gas fitter, 2, Church-way Brown William, master mariner, Linskill-st Brown '^Vm. & Sons, millers. New Quay Brown Wm. corn miller (W. Brown & Sons); ho. Dockwray-square Brown Wm. junr. com miller (W. Brown & Sons); ho. Preston Brown William, canvas manufacturer. New Quay ; ho. Dockwray-square Brown William, watch and clock maker, 47, Lid del] -street Brown Wm. tinner & brazier, 16, Saville-st Brown William, farmer, Preston Browne Mrs. Margaret, 13, Walker-place Bruce Thos. master mariner, Chui'ch-way Bryan Wm. hairdresser. Front-street, Tyne- mouth Buck Francis, master mariner, 45, Howard- street Buck John, master mariner, Norfolk-street Buckham, John, cabinet maker & joiner, Saville-street; ho. Camden-street Buckham Eobert, master mariner, Lin- skill-street Bulcraig Miss Hannah, 4, George-street Bulcraig Jane, dealer in sundries, Bell-st Bulcraig Saml. master mariner, Linskill-st Bullock Thos. butcher, Camden street Bullman Thos. vict. Salmon Iim, North^st Bulmer Jos. commission & insurance agnt. & accountant, 1, Howard-street; ho. Ivy House, Preston Burdon Thos. master mariner, Norfolk- st Burgeon Geo. master mariner, Linskill-st Burn James, master mariner, Noi'folk-st Burn Eobt. butcher. North st. & Duke-st Burn Eobert, junr. butcher, Clive-street ; ho. Milburn-place Burn Thos. chemist, druggist, & grocer, North-street Burn Thomas, butcher, Hudson street Burns George, butcher. Upper Pearson-st Burrell Mrs. EUzabeth, Dockwray-square Burrell Mrs. Eleanor, Bedford-street Burrell W^iUiam, china, glass, &c. dealer, Clive-street Burton Jno. master mariner, 64, Howard-st Burton Wm. shipowner, 117, Bedford-street Butler Charles, dealer in sundries, Clive-st Byram Ealph, Earl Grey Inn, Linskill-st Byron Edmund, vict., Waterloo Inn, Clive-st CALL Geo. vict. and brewer, NortJmmher- land Arms, The Allotment Cameron Petsr, teacher, Stephenson-st Campbell Andrew, baker. Little Bedford-st; ho. Church -way Campbell Bernard, boot and shoemaker, Liddell-street Campbell CoHn, Her Majesty's Customs, 11, Walker-place Campbell John, shipowner, 43, Church st Campbell Eobert & Sons, hat manufactu- rers, merchant tailors and genei^al out- fitters, and wine and spii'it merchants. Market-place, South Sheilds Campbell Eobert, hat manufacturer, wine and spirit merchant, etc. (E. Campbell & Sons) ; ho. Waterville-terrace Campbell Wm. master mariner, 17, ToU-sq Campbell William, Northumberland Hotel, Bedford-street Campbell William, tailor, 26, Camden-st Carnaby Wm. dealer in groceries, beerhouse keeper, and master mariner, Nelson-st Carr, Ormston, & Carr, brewers, and wine and spirit merchants, Low Lights Carr Edward, grocer, Percy-st. Tynemouth Carr Charles, brassfounder (Charlton & Carr); ho. Low Lights Carr John, brewer, and wine and spirit merchant (Carr, Ormston, & Carr) ; ho. 1, Walker-place Carr John, junr. brewer, and wine and spirit merchant (Carr, Ormston, & Carr) ; ho 1, Walker-place BOROUGII OF TYNE^rOUTII DirvECTORY. 481 CaiT John Sc Son, earthenware manufactu- rers, Low Lights Carr John, pawnbroker, Northumberland-st Carr Eobt. master mariner, Mount Pleasant Carr Thos. F. boot and shoemaker, Vfater- ville-terrace Carr Y\'m. vict. Half Bloon, Low Lights Carr Wilham, provision dealer & iDUtcber, Low Lights Carr Yv'^iUiara, master mariner, Camden-st Carrick Eev. John D. Dockwray-square Carrick Eev. Thomas, 15, Sidney-street CaiTS Thos. dealer in sundries, Norfolk-st Case Daniel, fruiterer, New Quay Caslow James, vict. Hylton Castle, Dot- -svick-street Cay Barbara, hosier, Camden-street Chambers William, steamboat proprietor, 22, Camden-street Chapman Hedley, cabinet maker & joiner, Dotwick-street Charlton Ann, grocer, 37, T}Tie-street Chaiiton Ann, dealer in sundries, Linskill-st CharltonAun,dealer in sundries,Charlotte-st Charlton James, butcher, Dotwick street Charlton Humble, vict. Victoria, Clive-st Charlton Jered, furniture broker, 22, Bed- ford-street Charlton John, block & mast maker, Bell- street; ho. Queen-street Charlton J. dealer in sundries, Linskill-st Charlton Y\"m. Geo. brassfounder (Charlton & Carr); ho. Beacon-street Charlton & Baker, clothiers and outfitters, Clive-street Cliarlton & Carr, brassfounders, Tyne-st Chater Edward, china, glass, etc. dealer, Clive-street Chater George, master mariner, Norfolk-st Chater Jno. master mariner, 69, Norfolk-st Christie #ohn, vict. Croion and Thistle, Duke-slreet Cliristie Thomas, master mariner, 23, Wel- lington-street Christie Wm. master mariner, Linskill-st Clark Ann, milhner, Stephenson-street Clark Cuthbert, painter, glazier, and paper hanger, Dockvv-ray-st ; ho. 42, Dockwray-sq Clark George Henry & Co. shipbrokers and insurance agents, Tyne-street Clark George Henry, shipbroker, etc. (G. H. Clark & Co.) ; ho. Dockwray-square Clark Jas. master mariner, Stephenson-st Clark John, agent, Dales-terrace Clark John, master mariner, Norfolk-street Clark Margaret, milliner, Wellington-st Clark Eobt. U. vict. William IV. Hudson-st 9 G Clark Thos. master mariner, 10, Saville-st Clark Thos. master mariner, Hudson-st Clark William N. vict. Seven Stars Inn, 1, Wooden Bridge Clarke Llenry, secretary to the water com- pany, and commission agent, 24, Dock- wray-square Cleugh George, master mariner, Eussell-st Cleugh Eobt. biscuit baker & flour dealer, Clive-st ; ho. Northumberland-square Cleugh E. shipowner, Northumberland-sq Close Eichard, shipovmer, 36, George-st Clouston Joseph M. ship, engine, & boiler smith. Limekiln Shore ; ho. South-st. Milburn-place Clow Margaret, milliner and dressmaker, 21, Bird-street Coates Geo. master mariner, Linskill-st Coates Joseph, painter and glazier, Bruns- wick-place Coates Peter, blacksmith, Liddell-street ; ho. Norfolk-street Coates Wm. vict. and butcher. Eagle Inn, Upper Pearson-street Coates Wm. vict. Star Inn, Wellington-st Cockburn Alfred, boot and shoemaker, Clive-street Cockburn Joseph, cooper, Liddell-street Cockburn Wm. master mariner, Nile-st Codling Isabella, dealer in sundries, Upper Pearson-street Codling Ealph, hairdresser, 13, Duke-street Coffton John, furniture broker, Bedford-st Cohen David, clothier and outfitter, 1, Union-street Cohen Jacob, general outfitter, 67, Clive-st Cole James, dealer in sundries, Bell-street Collard Wilham, diver for the corporation, Lower Pearson-street Colledge Nathaniel, grocer. East Howden Colledge Teasdale, master mariner, 40, Nile street Colley Eobert, agent, Preston Collins Ealph, grocer, 69, Clive-street Collins Thomas, marine store dealer, Grey Hoi'se Quay Collinson Simpson, draper, 28, Union-st Collinson Joseph, draper (J. Collinson & Son); ho. Linskill-sti'eet Collinson Joseph, junr. draper (J. Collinson & Son); ho. Howard -street Collinson Joseph, & Son,drapers, 39, Tnie-st Colley George, agent, 35, Percy-street Collyer Benj. J. dyer, 7, Stephenson-street Common John, boot & shoemaker, Nile-st Conley James, engine builder &: sbipsmith, Duke St; ho. 12, Nelson-sti-eet 482 CASTLE WARD EAST Dr\'ISION. Constable Jolin Charles, private teacher, Preston-lane Cook John, master mariner, 4.5, Church-st Cook Wm. cork manufacturer, Bull-ring Cook "William, beerhouse. Duke-street Cooke 3Iargaret, teacher, Church-street Cooke Nicholas, boot & shoemaker, Ty-ne-st Cookson W. I. & Co. lead manufacturers, Hay Hole, Howden Cookson Thos. shipbroker and commission agent, 6, Church-street Cooper J. master mariner, 18, Eussell-st Cooper Jas. steamboat proprietor, South-st Cooper John, dealer in groceries, Middle -st Cooper Wilham, master mariner, Xelson-st Cooper Wra. boatbuilder, North street Coppin John, barrister, Northumberland-pl Coppin Mrs. Mary, Northumberland-place Coppock Henry, shipbroker (Newcastle) ; ho. 18, Spring-terrace Corbett Wm. master mariner, Linskill-st Corder Octavius, cliemist and druggist, Tyne-street Cornfnrth Mrs. Mary, 1, Cecil-street Cotton John L. solicitor, Norfolk-street; ho. Cobourg place Cotilson Genrge F. dyer, Lin skill-street Coulson Mr. Thos. Eeed-street Coulthard Wm. B. vict. Push and Full, 3, Bedford-street Coutts & Pai'kinson, iron shipbuilders, Willington Quay Coutts John, Esq. Willington Lodge Coventry Andrew, baker and lioui' dealer, Bedford-street Coward Edward, master maiiner, LinskiU-st Coward Henry, surgeon, 13, Howard-street Cowell John, vict. Blue Bell, Bell-street Cowey Peter, vict. and tailor, Priory Inn, Bank Top, Tynemouth Cownes James, master mariner, Church-st Cowperthwaite James, steamboat proprie- tor. South-street Coxon Mrs. Dinah, shipowner. King st Coxon John, auctioneer and appraiser. Church-way Coxon Thos. shipowner. North umberld.-sq Coxon Lambton, master mariner, Norfolk-st Coxon "Wm. vict. George Tavern, King-st Coxon "\^"m. boot and shoemkr. Chm"ch-way Craggs Yv'm. butcher, Dotwick-street Cram Geo. master mariner, 3, "V^^alker-pl Cramman Jacob, earthenware and marine store dealer. Duke-street Craig Mr. Thomas, Preston Crawford John J. accountant, Stephenson-st CraAvford Mrs. Sarah, Northumberland-sq Crawford Mr. Thos. Northumberland-square Crawford Thomas C. assistant overseer for Preston, Cullercoats, and "Whitley, and commission and insurance agent, Nor- folk-street Crawley Frances, dressmaker, King-street Crawshay Mr. George, Tynemouth Hall, Tynemouth Creigh B. master mariner, 58, Howard-st Creigh Joseph G. master mariner, Ste- phenson-street Creigliton James, block, mast, and pump maker (W"^right & Creighton) ; ho. Little Bedford-street Cresswell John, vict. Crescent Tavern, Hud- son-street Crighton Alexander, brewer and wine and spirit mercht. (Bartleman & Crighton) ; ho. Northumberland-square Crighton Edwin, brewer, and wine & spirit merchant (Bartleman & Crighton); ho. Northuraberland-squai*e Crosthwaite Joseph, steamboat proprietor, 99, Bedford-street Crow Benj. printer, 19^, Chve -street Crow Thos. grocer, tea-dealer, and flour- dealer, 59, Bedford-street Cruddes 3Ir. Wm. 31, Percy-street Crutwell 3Irs. Isabella, Sidney-sti-eet Cummings John, plumber, brazier, &c. Tyne-street Cttnningham Mr. J. Front-st. Tynemouth Cunningham Lennox T. M.D, & surgeon, E.N. Huntingdon-place, Tynemouth Cuthbert John, Middle-st. Tynemouth Cuthbertson Geo. butcher, LinskUl-street Cuthbertson James, master mariner, Lins- kill-street Cutty Mr. Geo. A. 1, Northumberland-st DAGLISH Mrs. M. Cliff Cottage, Tynemth Dakers Y^m. chemist and druggist, 10, Dot- wick-street Dale Henry, sohcitor, etc. (S. J. & Henry Dale) ; ho. Northumberland-square Dale Mrs. Jane, Newcastle-teiTace, Tyne- mouth Dale John, master mariner, 21, Stephen- son-street Dale John, shipowner, 36, Doekwray-sq Dale Peter, ship and insurance broker, and shipowner (P. Dale &: Co.); ho. Camp-ter Dale Peter & Co. ship & insurance brokers, and shipowners, Howard-street Dale S. J. & Henry, solicitors and clerks to the Borough Magistrates, 44, DockwTay- square I BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTII DIRECTOKY. 483 Dale Shallett John, solicitor, etc. (S. J. ct Henry Dale) ; bo. Dockwray-sqnare Dale Mr. Wm. Newcastle-ter. Tynemouth Dalton John, vict Albion Hotel, Norfolk-st Davey Benj. master mariner, Lin skill-street Davidson George, blacksmith, cartwrigbt, and agricultural implement maker, Monkseaton Davidson Henry N. painter and glazier, Dotwick-street ; bo. Ropery Bank Da%idson John, master mariner, Sidney-st Davidson John, furniture broker, 2], Wel- hngton-street Davidson J. acting tide surveyor, King-st Davidson Michael, tailor, 23, North-street Davidson Eobert, smith and agricultural implement maker, Preston Davie Margt. dealer in sundries, Colling- wood-street Davison George, provision merchant (Faw- cus & Davison) ; ho. Preston Davison John, master mariner, Linskill-st Davison John, farmer, Preston Davison Percy, hairdresser and dealer in toys, Tyne-street Davison Eobert, dealer in sundries, and postman, Linskill-street Davison Robert, parish clerk & assistant overseer for North Shields, 1, Welling- ton-street Davison Thos. butcher, Charlotte-street, and at Tynemouth Davison & Son, brewers, malsters, & whole- sale wine and spirit merchants, Monk- seaton Brewery Davison Thos. D. brewer, malster, & wine and spirit merchant (Davison & Son) ; ho. Monkseaton Davison William, butcher and shipowner, Liddell -street ; ho. Howard-street Davison AVilliam, brewer, malster, and wine and spirit merchant (Davison & Son); ho. Monkseaton Dawson Andrew, glass and china dealer, Tyne-street Dawson Ann, dealer in sundries, North- umberland-street Dawson Charles, cooper, 11, Bell street Dawson Errington, butcher, Tyne-street; ho. Howard-street Dawson James, tailor, Albion-street Dawson J. vict. Banibrough Castle, Preston Dawson John C. grocer, Dotwick-street; ho. Bedford-street Dawson Thos. builder, joiner, and cabinet maker, 1, Toll-square Day George, master mariner, Linskill-st Day Richard, grocer and chemist and drug- gist, 29, Union-street ; ho. Dockwray-sq Day Richard, keeper of the High Light- house, Dockwray-square Dearness Jane, hosier, &c. Tyne-street Dennis on Hannah, beerhouse, Charlotte-st Dennison Robert, dealer in groceries, 54, Stephenson-street Deplidge Williman & Frederick, Hunting- don place, Tynemouth Derigh Martin, vict. Hibernian Tavern^ Beil-street Derigh Michael, marine store dealer, Liddell-street Derry Robt. vict. Admiral Nelson, Liddell-st Detchton Oswald, grocer, 3, Union-street Dial Jonas, steamboat owner. South-street Dick James T. baker. New-row Dickinson Matthew, watch and clockmaker, Clive-street ; ho. Church-way Dickman Mr. David, Norfolk-street Ditchburn Gawin, bookbinder, Camden-ln Dixon Benj. smith & farrier, Knott's-lane, ho. Stephenson street Dixon Christopher, master mariner, 73, Norfolk-street Dixon Mr. John, 6, Sidney-street Dixon John, pawnbroker, Dotwick-st ; ho. Mount Pleasant Dixon Joseph, grocer,''The Allotment Dixon Jane, straw-bonnet maker. Upper Pearson-street Dixon Joseph, master mariner, Bedford-st Dixon Richard, ship and engine smith, and publican, Dotwick-street Di'Xon R. dealer in sundries. Low Lights Dixon R. marine store dealer. Low Lights Dixon Mr. Robert C. Norfolk-street Dixon Wm. slate merchant, George-street Dixon Wm. publican and master mariner, 3, Tyne-street Dixon Wm. master mariner. Church-way Dobinson G. L. & Co. ship and insurance brokers, and Portuguese Vice Consuls, Tyne-street Dobinson G. L. ship and insurance broker, &c. (G. L. Dobinson & Co.); ho. King-st Dobinson Thos. S. shipowner. King-street Dobson Geo. vict. Neiocastle Arms, Clive-st Dobson John, brick and tile manufacturer, Percy Banks, Tile W^orks Dobson J. vict. Cannon Inn, Chirton Hill Dodd Jas. Philips, L.L.D. Grove Academy ; ho, Northumberland-square Dodds P. A. manager of the National Pro- vincial Bank of England, and lusuranco agent, Howard-street 484 CASTLE WAED— EAST DlYISIO>v\ Dodds Adam, vict. Old Post Office, Tyne-st Dodds Kalpli, master mariner, Waterville- terrace Donaldson Thomas, master mariner, 57, Camden -street Donkin James, shipowner, 28, King-street Doran John, rict. White Hart Inn, Bed- ford-street Douhleday Jane, beerhouse, and dealer in sundries, Linskill-street Douglass and Son, pawnbrokers, and boot and shoemakers, Bull-ring Douglass Jas. pawnbrokers, &c. (Douglass and Son) ; ho. Bull-ring Douglass James, junr. pawnbroker, &c. (Douglass & Son) ; ho. Bull-ring Douglass Thomas, chemist and. druggist, 08, Bedford-street Douthwaite Geo. boot and shoemaker, 2, Union-street Dowey Elizabeth, vict. Starling Inn, Mil- burn -pi ace Dowey Jas. boat builder and ship owner. Elders' Quay ; ho. Camdea-street Dowey Jas. boat builder. Limekiln Shore, and Low Liglits ; ho. Linskill-street Downes Chai'lotte, milliner and hosier, 14, Union-street Downes Edward, vict. Green Man, lAddeU-st Downie Jas. shipowner and ship chandler Duke-street; ho. 47, Percy-street Downie Robt. master mariner, 37, Churcli-st Downie Wm. shipowner, 3, Cecil-street Dowsland Dorothy, straw-bonnet maker, Camden-lane Doxford Matthew, whitesmith and bell hanger. Bell-street Driver Robt. master mariner, Linskill-st Driver Thos. master mariner, Stephenson-st Drummond Daniel, fruiterer. New Quay Drummond Ueoi'ge, fruiterer and dealer in game, New Quay; ho. New Cut Drury Edward ^V. milliner and laceman, 19,"'Tyne-sti'eet Drury Mrs. Margaret, Stephenson-street Drury Miss Mary Ann, Eront-st Tynemouth Drury Mary Ann, vict. Sawyers' Arms, Liddell-street Dryden George, shipowner, Northumber- land-square Dryden John, shipowner. Camp-terrace Dryden Mrs. Mary, Northumberland-sq Duffy Patrick, wine and spirit merchant, Nile-street Duncan Wm. biscuit baker. Beacon-street Dunn Charles, shipowner and master mariner, 19, Percy-street Dunn Mr. Anthony, King-street Dunn Harriet, milliner, 92, Bedford-street Dunn John, master mariner, Linskill-street Dunn Joseph it Sons, butchers & farmers, Clive-st, Tynemouth ; ho. Monkseaton Dunn Joshua, mstr.mariner, 30, Camden st Dunn Lewis, blacksmith and vict. Travel- lers Rest, Murton Dunn Robert master mariner, Linskill-st Dunn Rob, mstr. mariner, 105, Howard-st Dunn WilMam, grocer and spirit merchant, Howard-street Dunn Wm. master mariner, Linskill-street Dunn Wm. grocer, 48, Church-street EASSON John, dealer in sundries. Wooden Bridge ; ho. 60, Bell-street Eden Mrs. Jane, 10, Spring-terrace E ding ton James S. grocer and druggist, Charlotte-street Edwards Dorothy, dressmaker, Stephen- son-street Elgie Ann, wine and spirit merchant, Col- lin gwood- street Elliott Mrs. Ann, 2, Spring-terraee Elliot Francis, master mariner, Lower Pearson-street Elliot John, master mariner, Nile-street Elliot Mrs. Maria, 43, Stephenson-street Elliot Robert, shipowner, 64, Church-street Elliot Robert W. chemist, druggist, and grocer, 20, Bull-ring ; ho. 73, Camden-st ElHot Thomas, shipowner, Camden-street Elliott Ahce, straw-bonnet maker and mil- liner, Dotwick-street Elliott John, vict. StaithHouse, E. Howden Elliott Jane, vict. Prince o/TFa/es, Union -st Elliott Wm. shipowner, 11, Toll-square Elliott Wm. jun. sail maker & shipowner. Custom House Quay; ho. 26, Sidney-st Elliott Wm. tallow chandler, Collingwood-st Ellis Alexander, master mariner, Church- way Ellis Joseph 6c Co. ship smiths, and chain and anchor manufacturers. Bell-street Ellis Jos. ship smith, &c. (J. Ellis & Co.) ; ho. 39, Norfolk- street Ellis Richard, ironmonger, 26, Duke-st ; ho. King-street Elhson John, fruiterer, New Quay; ho. 16, Nile-street Ellison Thomas, master mariner, 42, Howard- street Elstob Ralph, vict. Shipwrights' Arms, Percy-street, Tynemouth Elsdon James cooper, Bedford-street ; ho. Norfolk-sti'eet BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH DIRECTORY. 4S5 ElsJoii Eobert, master mariner, Upper Pearson-street EmbletouThos.grocer,Perc3'-st.Tynemouth Embleton Wm. cabinet maker and joiner, Knotts-lane, Tyne-street Emery Jane, vict. Globe Inn, Bell-street Emmerson Wm. sm-geon, Howard-street Engelbert Tbeodore, botanist, Duke-street England John, relieving officer for North Shields District; office, New Quay ; ho. 49, Tyne-street English G-.H.mstr. mariner, Stephenson-st English Henry, ship surveyor & insurance agent, 5, Sidney street English William, saddler&harness maker, Little Bedford street En-ington Miss Isabella, artist,'21,Norfolk-st Errington Isabella, vict. Masons' Arms, Stepheuson-street Eskdale James, fishmonger, Linskill -street Eskdale Joaathan, hahdresser and toyman, and post office receiving house, Russell-st Eskdale Tlios. dlr. in sundries, Charlotte-st Etherington Jas.mastermariner, Church-st Ewart Kichard, grocer, 31, Tyne-street; ho. Northumberland-squai'B FAIE Koger, master mariner, Nile-street Eairweather Isabella, dealer in groceries, 26, West Percy-street Farrow, John, master mariner, Norfolk-st Faulkner Edwd. master mariner, Chiu'ch-st Fawcett Joseph, shipowner, 8, Spring-ter Fawcus Geo. ship builder and shipowner (Momson and Fawcus) ; ho. Spring-ter Fawcus John, shipowner and merchant (Pow and Fawcus) ; ho. Dockwray-sq Fawcus Mrs. Margaret, Etal Yilla Fawcus Eobert F. ship chandler, Bell-st ; ho. 7, Walker-place Fawcus & Davison, prov. merchants, Bell-st Fell Barbara, milliner, 62, Camden-street Fell Francis, ship block manufacturer and timber merchant (Hall and Fell) ; ho. LinskiU-street Fell Henry, master mariner, Nile-st Fenwick and Mayson, solicitors, Norfolk-st Fenwick Elizabeth, dealer in groceries, Dotwick-street Fenwick Henry William, solicitor, Dawson- square, Tynemouth Fenwick John W. solicitor, notary public and vice-consul for the two Sicilies, Tyne-street ; ho. Spring-terrace Fenwick Mrs. Jane, Saville-street Fenwick John, farmer, Preston Fenwick John, sohcitor (Fenwick and May- son ) ; ho. Preston Yilla o n 9. Fenwick Mr. Richard, n4, Dockwray-sq Fenwick famuel, M.D. and surgeon, 7, Dockwray-square Fenwick Mr. Thos, South Preston Lodge Fenwick Thomas, borough surveyor and insurance agent, Norfolk-street ; ho. E[oward-street Fenwick Thomas, smith. Low Lights ; ho. Sidney street Fenwick Wm. & Son, grocers. Bell-street Ferguson Thomas, butcher. Church-way Fergusson Ellen, vict. Rose of Allandale, Tynemouth FiddianEev. Benjamin, Howard-street Fiddler Eobson, butcher, Bedford-street Ferney Jas. master mariner, 49, Sidney-st Fish Jolin, butcher, Charlotte-street Fittis James & Co. ship chandlers & biscuit bakers, 1, Clive-street Fittis James, ship chandler and biscuit baker (Fittis & Co.) ; ho. Preston Fitzmaurice Francis T. butcher, Bedford-st Fletcher Mrs. Ann, 13, Spring-terrace Flett Thomas, master mariner, Howard-st Fiinn Edward, steam-boat proprietor, 16, Percy- street Foot Charles, builder, joiner, & cartwright, Preston Ford Eobert, smith, Limekiln Shore ; ho. Mount Pleasant Flinn Edward, beer retailer, 24, W. Percy-st Forrest George, cabinet maker and joiner (Nicholson and Forest) ; ho. Hudson- st Forrest Mrs. Jane, 52, Percy-street Forrest John S. cabinet maker and joiner, Eopery Bank ; ho. 45, Linskill-street Forrest Thos. hosier and outfitter, Clive- street ; ho. Dale's-terrace Forster John, boot and shoemaker, Percy- street, Tynemouth Forster Mr. John, Front street, Tynemouth Fortune Wm. master mariner, George-st Foster Elizabeth, dyer, Bedford-street Foster Geo. grocer & tea dealer, Stephen- son-street Foster Joseph, tailor & draper, 50, Perey-st Foster Eobt. manager of the Union Bank, and insurance agent, 10, Howard-street Foster WiUiam H. steam boat proprietor, South-street Fothergill Geo. draper, tailor, &c. 9, Tyne-st Forthergill Thomas, boot and shoemaker, Beacon-streei Eraser Kev. H., M.A. 80, Bedford-street Frater Geo. chemist & grocei', 37, Tyne-st Freeman James, vict. Dock Home, Dot- wick-street Fj-azer Wm. master mariner, Linskill-st 486 CASTLE WARD— EAST DIVISION. Frazier Jolin, vict. Shakespeare Tavern, Hov/ard-street I'renchMr. Jos. Hutchinson's Bldgs.ToUsq Frencli George, leather merchant, Union- street; ho. Hutchinson's Buildings French Jos. jun. ship-broker, New Quay; ho. Hutchinson's Buildings Freshwater Henry, inspector of the Eiver Police, Norfolk-street Frond Thos. TV. ship and insurance agent, 8, Percy-terrace Frost Mr. Joseph, 100, Howard-street Frost John, master mariner, & shipowner, 68, Norfolk-street Frost John, tailor, hosier, milliner, and outfitter, 5, Tyne-st. and. 55, Clive-street Fry Miss Lydia, Linskill-street Fryar Mark, salt and whiting manufac- turer, Whitehill Point, and coal merchant Percy Main ; ho. Whitehill Point Fryer Mr. Wm. 7, Newcastle-street Fulthorp John, master mariner, Camden-st GALLILEE Robt A. master mariner,Nile-st Gallon Georgiana,wine and spirit merchant Clive-street Gallon Peter, vict. Dock Inn, Bull-ring, and smith and farrier, CoUingwood-street Garrard John M. tailor, 58, Bedford-st. Garrick Eobt. master mariner, Norfolk-st Gascoigne Pachd. master mariner, Nile-st Geddes Geo. plumber, brazier, & gasfitter, Middle-street ; ho. Percy-st Tynemouth Gething Sml. teacher, 16, Dockwraj^-square Geldart Mr. Wm. 8, West Percy-street Gibson Chas. vict. Highlander InnjUuion-rd Gibson Henry, pawnbroker, 54 and 56, Bedford- street Gibson James, butcher, 43, Tyne-street, and 63, Clive-street Gibson Jas. mstr. mariner, 29, Stephenson-st Gibson Mrs. Jane, 4, Cecil-street Gibson Joseph, shipowner, Brock House, Albion-street Gibson Josiah, master mariner, North- umberland-street Gibson Thos. sailmaker and shipowner, Shepherd's Quay; ho. 79, Bedford-street Gibson Joseph, master mariner, Linskill-st Gibson Thos. jun. shipowner, Eussell-st Gibson Thomas W. master mariner, 43, Howard-street Gibson Thos. grocer, chemist and druggist. New Quay ; ho. Sidney-street Gibson Wilham, steam-boat proprietor, Camden-street Gibson Wm. master mariner,Wellington-st i Gibson William, master mariner, Sidney-st I Gill Mark, vict. Croion and Anchor, Clive-st Gillow Eev. Thomas (Catholic) St. Cuth- bert's-terrace Glaholm William, butcher, Bull-ring Gledston Jos. vict. Meters' Arms Queen-st Glover John, brewer & pubhcan, Clive-st Goldberg Samuel, letter carrier, Beacon-st Gohghtly Eobt. vict. Duke of Wellington^ East Howden Goodfellow Mary, vict. Shepherdess Inn, Anchor Quay Gossage William Herbert, SmeltingWorks, ¥/illington Quay Graham Ehzbeth, clothier and outfitter, Liddell-street Graham Geo. marine-store dlr. Camden-ln Graham John, smith, Eopery-bank Graham John cabinet maker, and furniture broker, and commission -agent, 80, Cam- den-street Graham Joseph,grocer, Bell-street; ho. 72- Linskill-street Graham Wm. vict. Black Bull, Liddell-st Graham William, master mariner, Stephen- son-street Graham Wm. P. mstr. mariner, 29,Sidn(sy-st Grant Jas. earthenware manufactr. tit-row Grant John, boat builder, (Thoburn and Grant); ho. Chirton «b Gray George, master mariner, Church-st Gray James, shipowner, Camden-street Gray Jos. N. master mariner, Eopery-bank Gray Eobert C. agent, Edwith, Fellgate Gray Marshall, block and mastmaker, Bell-street : ho. Sidney-street Green Dorothy, shipowner, Linskill-street Green John, master mariner, Howard-st Green Jos. draper. Union-street ; ho. 49, West Percy-street Green Thomas, shipowner, Linskill-street Green Wm. master mariner, 6, George-st Green Wm. shipchandler, and sailmaker, Bell-street Greenhow Conrad H. ship and insurance broker, Tyne-st ; ho. 28, Dockwray-sq GreenwellY/m. professor of music,Dale's-ter Greenwell Wm. cabinet maker, Linskill-st ho. 26, Nile-street Gregson Mr. Alexander, 1, Nelson-street Grey Henry, master mariner, Norfolk-st Grey Joseph,vict. Spring Gardens,Albion-st Grey Wm. shipowner, 80, Sidney-street Grieves Archibald, dyer, Stephenson-street GrievesWm. mstr. mariner,LittleBedford-st Grigs Thomas, master mariner, 5, Upper Norfolk-street Groat Thos. vict. Swedish Arms, Bell-street Gustard Wm. boot and shoe maker, Duke-st BOEOUGH OF TYXEMOUTII DIEECTOEY. 487 Guildford Geo. sailmaker, and shipowner, Custom House Quay ; ho. Newcastle-st Guymer Wm. Birmingham and Sheffield Wai-ehouse, 20, Chve-street HAD AW AY Dixon, insurance agent, Bed- ford-street Hadaway Edward, baker and flour dealer, 6, Lin skill-street Hadaway Isabella, grocer, 13, Camden-st Hadaway Thos. D. butcher, 47,Tyne-street, and Milburu -place Haddon Geo. vict. Post Boy, Stephenson-st Haggerston John, butcher, Church-way ; ho. Nile-street Haggerston John K. butcher, Norfolk-st ; ho. Nile-street Haggle Eobt. H. & Co. patent rope manfrs. Lishman's Quay, and YvilUngton Kopery Haggle Robt. H. rope manufacturer (R.H. Haggle & Co.) ; ho. WilHngton Yilla Haigh Mrs. Ehzab. Front-st. Tynemouth Halcrow John, master mariner, Church-st Hall & Fell, Steam Saw Mill, shipblock manufacturers, and timber merchants, Hudson-street Hall Anthony, master mariner, Linskill-st Hall Geo. vict. and shipowner, Gi'anby Hotel, Cliurch-street Hall Geo. boot & shoe maker, 22, Union-st Hall George, shipblock manufacturer, and timber merchant (Hail & Fell); ho. 00, Stephenson-street Hall Geo. grocer and tea dealer. Bull-ring; ho. 2, Newcastle-street Hall James, gTocer, Chirton Hall Jas. master mariner, Eailway-street Hall Mrs. Jane, teacher, Albion-street Hall Joh.n,\\ct.Highlanders'Arms,Liddel\-st Hall John, grocer, flour and general dealer, Liddell-street Hall John, master mariner, Linskill -street Hall John, bookseller and stationer, Tract and Bible Society's depot, 8, Camden-st; ho. 88, Camden-street Hall John, dealer in groceries,Stephenson- st Hall John & Joseph, tripe preparers,Clive-st Hall John, boot and shoemaker, Camden-st Hall Mr. John,' Bird-street Hall John, tripe preparer (J. & J. Hall) ; ho. 14, Nelson-street Hall Joseph, grocer, Front-st. Tynemouth Hall Joseph, farmer and assistant overseer, Billy Mill Hall Joseph, tripe preparer (J. & J. Hall) ; ho. Little Bedford-street Hall Matthew, shipoAvner, Northumber- land-house, Stephenson-street Hall Joseph, farmer and overseer, for Chirton, Billy Mill Hall Sarah, dlr. in sundries, Collingwood-st Hall Thos. master mariner, 16, Nelson-st Hall Mr. Wm. Moor-house, near Billy Mill Hammond Wm. vict. Sussex Arms, Duke-st Handcock Edmund, master mariner, 12, George-street Hansell Richard, shipowner, Lovaine-ter Hansell Eobt. & Sons, rope manufacturers, Chirton Ropery Harbutt Thos. wine and spirit merchant and commission agent, and brewer, 03, Bejlford-street Harbutt Thos. J. vict. Clock Vaults, Toll-sq Harbutt T. J. ironmonger, Bedford-street Harcuss John, block and mast maker, Custom-house Quay ; ho. Stephenson-st Harcuss John, mstr. mariner, Stephenson-st Harper Benjamin, grocer. Bell-street Harper George, confectioner. Duke-street Harper Jas. master manner, Yfellington-st Harper Nicholas, master mariner, Norfolk-st Harris Mary Ann, vict. Groion and Cushion, Liddell-street Harrison Henry, chemist, druggist, and grocer, 39, Duke-st; ho. 77, Church-way Harrison Henry, grocer. Church-way Harrison John, master mariner, Hudson-st Harrison Mr. John, South Preston Harrison Junius, iron and brass founder, Dotwick-street ; ho. Vf aterville-terrace Harrison Robt. printer, chart and book- seller, stationer, and insurance agent, 44, Tyne-s'creet, and 1, Dockvi^ray-square Harrison Thos. master mariner, Linskill-st Harrison Thomas, master mariner, 1, Smith's-place, Toll-square HarrisonThos. master mariner, 30,Ste]ilien- son -street HarrisonWm. steamboat owner, Coble-dean Hart Jane, milliner, (52, Linskill-street Hart Wm. surgeon, 48, Camden-street Haswell Thomas, teacher, Albion-street Hay Edward baker, 16, Clive-street Hay Richard, butcher and shipowner 48, Liddell-street Hays John, bookseller, 54, Front-sti-eet, Tynemouth Heal Jolm, furniture broker, Church-way Heans Wm. master mariner, 26, Welliqg- ton-street Hearn IMr. John, Northumberland-square Heaton Thos. blacksmith, Liddell-street ; ho. Bedford- street Hedley Dorothy, teacher, Linskill-street Hedley James T. grocer, Middle-street Hedley John, painter ct glazier, 24,Tyne-st 488 CASTLE WARD — EAST DIVISION. Hedley John, draper & outfitter, Howard-st I and Union-street; ho. Camden-street Hedley Jos. vict. North Star, Bell-street Hedley Joseph, tailor, Stephenson-street Hedley Robert, tailor, 2], Camden-lane Henderson John J. clothier, and tailor, Clive-street Henderson Jos. master mariner, Stephen- son-street Henderson Eev. Michael, Howard street Henderson Ralph, master mariner, 24, Spring-terrace Henderson Robt. printer, bookseller, and stationer, 4, Church-way Plenderson Wm. vict. Pine Apple, George-st Hepple Mr. Lionel, Nortlmmberland-square Hepple and Landells, engineers, Mount Pleasant Hepple Lionell, sergeant of police, Nor- folk-street HeppleThos. engineer (Hepple&Landells); ho. Milburn-place Herdman Edw. agent and furniture broker, Linskill-street Herdman Thomas, farmer and steward, Chirton Hill Farm Heron Thos. currier and leather merchant, 15, Saville -street Heslop Geo. master mariner, Howard-st Heslop Geo. tailor, Camden-street Hewison Ann, dlr. in sund. Stephenson-st Hewison Ralph, butcher, Upper Pearson-st Hewison Thomas, cooper, Dotwick-street ; ho. South-street Hewitt Wm. basket maker, Bedford-street Hewson Shallett, shipowner, Howard st ; ho. Camp-terrace Hill Dennis & Sons, drapers & outfitters, 8, Howard-street & 26, Union-street Hill Robert S. Kalographic Portrait Gallery, 45, Tyne-street Hill Dennis, draper, &c. (D. Hill & Sons); ho. 24, Howard-street Hindmarsh Ann, butcher, Duke-street Hindmarsh, John, butcher, Middle-street, ' Tynemouth ; ho. Chirton Hindmarsh, Jno. vict. Hopewell Pif, Chirton Hindshaw James, pipe manfr. Bell-street Hislop Geo. bootmaker, 7, Bedford-street Hobbs Geo. vict. Nag's Head, Bell-street Hogarth Jno. boot & shoemaker, Liddell-st Hogarth Wm. tailor, 65, Church-street Hodgson John, linen & woollen draper & silk mercer, 29, Market-pl. South Shields Hogg Edward, shipowner & master mariner, Linskill-street Hogg Edward, beerhouse, Percy-street ~ ;ardener, Preston-lane Hogg IMary Ann, vict. Cuiiiberland House, Liddell-street Hogg Robt. master mariner, 3, George-st Plolland Benjamin, master mariner, Little Bedford-street Holland Wm. dlr. in sunds. Rail way -terrace Holliday Saml. commission agt. Linskill-st Holmes Geo. senr. hairdresser, 7, Clive-st Home Miss Isabella, seminary, 29, Dock- wray-square Honeyraan John, draper, Tyne-street Hope Surtees, agt. & farmer, Burden Main ; Hope Mrs. Jane & Sons, colliery owners, Hopewell Colliery, Chirton Hope Mrs. Jane, colliery owner (Jane Hope & Son); ho. Burden Main Hope William, colliery owner (Jane Hope & Son); ho. Burdon Main Hope George, shipbuilder and surveyor, Linskill-street Hopper William, vict. Tynemouth Lodge, Tynemouth-road Hornsby Isabella, vict. Turk's Head, Front- street, Tynemouth Hornsby George, builder, contractor, build- ing surveyor, appraiser, and commission agent, 74, Upper Stephenson-street Hornsby Thomas JST. builder and joiner, Charlotte-street, ho. Linskill-street Howett Titus, vict. Salutation Inn, Front- street, Tynemouth Horsley Mr. John, 32, Sidney-street Horton Thomas, tin & ironplate worker & brazier, Dotwick street ; bo. Chirton Hoult James, diver, Linskill-street Howey Jno. publican, carver &turner,Tyne-st Hudson Mrs. Mary, 40, Percy-street Hudson Jno. boot& shoemaker. Low Lights Hudson Thomas, surgeon dentist (Hudson & Co.); ho. South Preston Cottage Hudson James, auctioneer & appraiser, 13, Newcastle-terrace, Tynemouth Hudson & Co. surgn. dentists, 4, Camden-st Hudspeth Richard, master mariner. Upper Pearson-street Huggup Isab. straw-bonnet mkr. George-st Huggup Mr. William, 11, Huntingdon- place, Tynemouth Hughes Thomas, Esq. Hylton Lodge Hull Luke, master mariner. Nelson-street Humble Jno. btchr. & shipowner, 6, Clive-st Humble Pearson, grocer, Union-street Hume John, postmaster & insur. agent, 15, Camden-st. & pawnbroker, Camden-ln Humphrey Geo. master mariner, Norfolk- st Humphrey John, master mariner, 10, Upper Norfolk-street Hnmp}u-eyMary,milliner,25,Wellington-st BOEOUGH OF TYNEMOUTH DIRECTORY. 489 Hunter Chris toplier, insurance agent, 8, Tyne- street ; ho. Albion Cottage Hunter Eleanor, Phxnix Tavern, Bedford-st Hunter George Wilham, Crown d' Sceptre Tavern, Stephenson-street Hunter Geo. steamboat proptr. Eopery-hk Hunter John, painter, glazier, and paper hanger, Tyne-street Hunter John, master mariner, Linskill-st Hunter Eobert, huilder, Wellington-street ; ho. Preston Hunter Rohert, whitesmith, Ropery-hank ; ho. Linsliill-street Hunter Thos. dealer in sundries, South-st Hunter Thomas, chemist, druggist, and grocer. Duke-street Hunter Wm. pawnbroker, 39, Church-st Hunter Taylor S. huilder, contractor, grocer, & commission agent, Cullercoats Huntley Geo. H. surgeon. East Howden Huntley James, master mariner, Front-st. Tynemouth Hurrell Saml. master mariner, Norfolk-st Hurrell Wm. master mariner, Norfolk-st Hurst Edward, watchmakei', Szc. Union- street; ho. Preston-lane Plutchinson John, vict. & coach proprietor, Percy Arms, Front-street, Tynemouth Hutchinson Miss Mary, Toll-square Hutchinson Thos. marine store dealer, & ship carpenter, Bell-street ; ho. ToU-sq ILDEPtTON Elizabeth, dealer in sundries, Clive-street Iley Ealph, iron cttinplate worker &hrazier, & compass maker, Clive-street Ingledew &D"iggett, solicitors, Tyne-street Ingledew Henry, clerk to the County Court, Tyne-street Innes George, house agent, Howard-street Inness Charles, cabinet maker and joiner, Cam den -lane Irvin Mr. Thomas, Albion -street Irvin William, shipowner, Nile-street Irwin Archibald, vict. Saddle Inn, 7, Nor- folk-street Isbiste WiUiam, grocer. Bell-street JACK Rev. Archibald, Lovaine-terrace Jack Wra. master mariner, 37, Nile- street Jackson Aaron, master mariner, Church-st Jackson Abraham, clothier & outfitter, Lidd ell-street Jackson Alexander, mason, Norfolk-street Jackson Geo. master mariner, Church-st Jackson Hy. clothier & outfitter, Liddell st Jackson Jas. vict. Centurian, Collingwood-S|. Jackson John, master mariner. Lnskill-st Jackson Robert D. boot & shoemaker, Ss publican, Albion-street Jackson Thomas, auctioneer, stock & share broker, commission & insurance agt. 66, Camden-st. & 2, Dean-st. South Shields Jameson Andrew,master mariner,Church-st Jameson Henry A. draper & hosier. East- street, Milburn-place Jamieson Jas. gardener, Milton-ln. Chirton Jamson James, xjrofessor of music, 24, Saville-street Jefferson Mr. James, 63, Norfolk-street Jenkins Charles M.ship & insurance broker, Howard-street ; ho. Preston Jennings Jas. P. refreshment rooms, Clive-st Jewitt Abraham, shipowner, Linskill-st Jobling Thomas, shipowner and master mariner, 28, Sidney-street John Sarah, grocer, Lin skill-street John Sarah, shipowner, 8, Walker-place Johnson Francis, carver & gilder. Union- lane ; ho. Camden-street Johnson Geo. shipowner, 23, Dockwray-sq Johnson Henry, cabinet maker & joiner, 41, Stephenson-street Johnson Henry, teacher, 29, Reed-street Johnson Jas. master mariner, Linskill-st Johnson Jno. carver & gilder, 23, Camden-st Johnson John, governor of Tynemouth Union Workhouse Johnson Jno. mastr mariner, 52, Norfolk-st Johnson Thomas, vict. Crown, Clive-street Johnson Thomas, tailor, Norfolk-street Johnson Wm. block & mast maker. Bell- street ; ho. 44, Bedford-street Johnstone Alice, dressmaker, George-street Jones Matthew, grocer. Bull-ring Jordan Robert, master mariner, 3, Toll-sq Jules Thos. master mariner, Ropery-bank KAMINS Key Charles E. ship broker, Walker-place and at Newcastle Kay Thomas, vict. Industry, Coble-dean Kay Dixon, tailor, Duke-street Kay Ptobert S. butcher, Church-way Keeble William, furniture broker, Upper Pearson-street Keeling Rev. Francis, Howard-street Kelly Richard, printer, stationer, ifcc. (South. Shields); ho. 17, Sidney-street Kelday William, hair dresser, Tyne-street Kelso Mrs. Elizabetli, 8, Spring-terrace Kelso John Robt. ship owner Sc sail maker, Maitland-lane ; ho. Camp-terrace Kenlish Thos vict. Custom House Tai'ern, Bell-street Kennedy Isabella, dlr.in groceries, North-st Kennedy Mr. Alexander, 0, Ncwoastle-st AW CASTLE VTAED EAST BIMSIOK. Ken- Stair, draper, Albioii-street Kewnej' George, solicitor(Lietch&Kewney); ho. Northumberland-square Keys Samuel, tide surveyor, 16, Toll-sq Kidd Kohert, junior, solicitor & agent to the GloheFire & Life Insurance Company, 6, Linskill-street ; ho. Westoe Durham Kilgour E. S. collector of Her Majesty's customs, Custom HousOj New Quay ; ho. Tynemouth King James, dealer in groceries, Preston King James, engraver & Hthograper and bookbinder, 9, Cam den-street King William, teacher, Queen-street Kingston Jane, vict, & marine store dealer, Garrick's Head, Saville-street Kii'by Eichard, master mariner, Linskill-st Klingell Comelius,clock m.aker,ll,Sidney-st Knott John, rope &: twine manufacturer (J. Knott & Sons); ho. Tyne-street Knott John & Sons, rope & twine manu- facturers, Tyne-street Knott Matthew, master mariner, 8, Toll-sq Knott Thomas, rope Sz tvrnie manufacturer (J. Knott & Sons); ho. 72, Noriolk-st Knott Isaac, ropemaker and ship chandler, East Howden Knott WiUi am, butcher, Church -way; ho. 22, West Percy street Knos David, sm-geon, The Allotment Knox Ann, vict. Bay Horse, Clive- street LACY Edward E. shipowner, Nile-street Laidler Elizabeth, vict. Union, Percy-st. Tynemouth Laidman Jane, milliner, Camden-street Laing Mrs. Ann, Walker-place Laing Brothers, shipowners & shipbuilders, North Shields Dock Laing Charles, shipowner & ship builder (Laing Brothers); ho. Walker-place Laing Mr. Joseph, Walker-place ' Laing Eobert, shipowner & ship builder (Laing Brothers); ho. Eosella-place Lamb Frederick, v,'ine & spirit merchant, 4, Bath-terrace, Tynemouth Lamb George H. agent, Percy-street Lamb Henry, spirit vaults, o3, Clive-st Lamb John, provision dealer, 8, Bedford-st Lambert Lancelot, tobacconist, Cljve-street; ho. Nile- street Lambert Ealph, cabinet maker and joiner (AYbite & Lambert); ho. George-street Lambert Wm. cabinet maker & joiner, Bol- ton's-yard; ho. 58, Stephenson-street Landells John, cabinet maker & joiner, Camden-street Lavender Archbld, tchr. Upper Pearson-st Landells Eichard, engineer (Hepple and Landells); ho. Nile-street Lawrenson Charles, cabinet maker and joiner, Charlotte-street; ho. Church-street Laws Cuthbert U. agt.to the Duke of North- umberland, solicitor & insurance agent, NewQuay ; ho. Manor House,Tynemouth Laws Anthony, steamboat propti'. South-st Lawson John E. steamboat owner South-st Lawson John, furnitm-e broker, Duke-sti'eet Lee Eobert, vict. Rose Inn, Mount-pleasant Legg Sarah, steamboat owner, West-street Leighton George, dealer in sunds. Percy-st Lenney Thos. boot & shoemaker, Camden- street; ho. Stephenson sti'eet Lesanto Mr. Philip, Linskill-sti-eet Leslie Adam PI. shipowner, Cecil-street Leslie Laurence, shipowner, Linskill-street Lessiie Alexander, painter and glazier, King-street Lesslie James, shipowner and merchant, Lovaine-terrace Lesshe Hannah, dealer in sunds. Clive-st Lesslie Thorn as, -sict. & butcher, Fore Hunter Inn, Preston Lesslie James, merchant and ship owner, Clive-street ; ho. Lovaine-teiTace Lesslie Tho. btchr. Bird-st. & atMonkseaton Li d deJl Fred.wine &spirit mrcht. 4, Uni on-st Liddell John G. naval academy, 13, Tyne- street ; ho. 12, Eussell-street Liddell John, ^'ict. &: steamboat proiirietor, Boh Boy, Clive-street Lietch & Kewney, solicitors and insurance agents, 31, Howai-d-street Lietch Thomas Carr, solicitor, ^r^es Dick, brewer. Edinbr.r^^h, and to DiiMcanuon &, Co. distillers, Newington. Edinburgh, 26, •; /live street TulloibCbas.E s'lC^.F^inrnnd Garter.C\\\e-^t Tnlly An 'rpw, vict. Stone House, Clive-st Tnlpie Agnes, dealer in groce.ries, Duke st Turnbud Andrew, vict. Rnyal Arms^ Nile st Tnrnbull Edward, ware dealer. Bell-street Turnbnll James, hairdresser, Liddell-st ; ho. Bedford-street Tnrnbull ^Nlr. James, Lin ski 11 -street TurnbuU Mar.^jery, draper, Chirton Tnrabull Ealph, grocer & agent, Nile-street TurnbuU Eichard B. vict. Golden Lion, Church-way, & butcher, Union-street TurnbuU Piobert, vict. Jenny Lind, East Howden TurnbuU Thos, surgeon, 19, West Percy-st TurnbuU William, Her Majesty's Customs, Giilow-place Turner Daniel, newsvender, 2, Bell-street Turner James, comptroller of H. M. Cus- toms, 4, Cobourg-place Turner James, gardener, Preston Turner WilUam, sailmaker & shipchandler, 50, Bell-street Tweedy Jacob, steamboat proprietor. North- street Twizell John &: Son, ironmongers, braziers, shipchandlers, and shipowners, 6, Tyne- street, and 51 and 52, Clive street Twizell John, ironmonger, shipowner, &e. (J. Twizell Sc Son); ho. Lovaine-terrace Twizell John S. ironmonger, shipowner, &c. (J. 'I'wizell & Son); ho. Lovaine-ter Tynemouth Thos. butcher and shipowner, Colling wood-street Tyzack, Whiteley, & Co. chain, anchor, and patent windlass mauufacturei's, ttc. Low Lights, Bell-street, and 266 and 207, Wapping, London Tyzack Mrs. Alice, 2, Sidney-street Tyzack George S. chain, anchor, &c. manu- facturer (Tyzack, Whiteley, & Co.); ho. East Percy-street Tyzack Mrs. Isabella, Albion-street UNDERWOOD Wilham, master mariner, Queen-street Unthank Mrs. Mai-y, 25, Spring-terrace Urquhart Jno. master mariner, 7 l,Norfolk- st YE N US Robt. dealer in .sundries, Linskill-st Yenus Wil'iani, dealer in groceries, 31, Stephen son -street Yerdy Tbos. steamboat owner, Eopery-bank Yickerson William F. grocer and tallow chandler, Clive-st ; ho Stephenson-st Yin^y Jnseph. dealer in Birmingham and Sheffield goods,Ne\v Quay; ho Bedford-st WAIT Jas* & John, jnnr. ship & insurance brokers, Tyne- street Wait James, shipowner, Bedford-street Wait James, jnnr. ship ct insurance broker (J. & J. Wait); ho. Bedford->treet Wait John, shipowner, Dock wray-squ are Wait John, junr. ship & insurance broker (J. & J. Wait); ho. Dockwray-square Wake Ealph, dealer in groceries, 20, Char- lotte-street Wake Mr. Eichard, Bell-terrace, Albion-st 1 BOliOUGH OF TYNEMOUTH DIBECTORY. 501 Wake William, harbour master, 17, Dock- •wray-square Wakefield Jno. master mariner, 30, Percy-st Walker Mrs. Ami, Hutchinson's-buildings, Toll-square Walker, Brothers, ironfounders, smiths, (fee. Colliogwood-street Walker George, printer, bookbinder, and stationer, 12, Tyne-street Walker Hy. master mariner, 50, Howard-st Walker John, ironfounder, smith, &c. (Walker, Brothers); ho. 9, South-street Walker Robert, master mariner, Linskillst Walker William R. ironfounder, smith, &c. (Walker, Brothers); ho. 9, South-street Walker William, vict. Turk's Head Inn, Linskill-street Walker William & Co. ironfounders, forge- men, waggon and truck builders, chain manufacturers and smiths, Whiteliili Point Iron Works Walker William, irnnfounder, etc. (Willinm Walker & Co.); ho. Ridges Farm, Chirton Walker Wrri. master mariner, Hudson-st Wall WiUiam I. shipchandler. Bell -street Wallace Geo, steamboat owner, Sidney-st Wallace Isaac, master mariner, Percy-st Wallace Mrs. Mary, 19, Toll-square Wallace Wilham, vict. Broivn Cote, High Flatworth Wallace Wm. master mariner, Hudson-st Walters Isaac, basket maker, Bedford-st; ho. Clive-street Walton Robt. master m.ariner, Church-way Walton Jane, lodging-house keeper, 3, Allendale -place, Tynemouth Wann Edward, bacon factor & pawnbroker, Wooden Bridge ; ho. Church-stairs Ward Cuthbert, master mariner, 13, Upper Norfolk-street Ward Henry, boot & shoemaker, LowLights Ward John, vict. Earl Grey Inn, Hudson- street, and marine store dealer & potato merchant, 13, Charlotte-street Ward John, vict. Sir William Wallace Inn, Clive-street Wardle and Wight, ship biscuit baker and flour dealers. Bell -street Wardle Robert, tailor, Tynemouth Wardle William, baker and flour dealer (Wardle and Wight); ho. Bell- street Warner George, tailor. Bull-ring Wascoe George,, brewer and shipowner, Bell-street ; ho. 52, Church-way Watldn Geo. vict. Robin Hood, Beacon-st Watson Cuthbert, vict. Northumberland Arms, Percy- square, Tynemouth Watson Chas. dlr. in groceries, Church-st Watson Ebenezer, master mariner, 39, Percy-street Watson Ingram C. umbrella manufacturer, Cam den-street Watson Mrs. Isabella, Newcastle-street Watson Isabella, teacher, 27, Sidney-street Watson Joseph, vict. OldShakespeareTavern, Clive-street Watson Joseph, steamboat owner, Nelson-st Watson Michael, grocer, 11, Union-street Watson Robert, tailor, 47 & 52, Camden-st Watson William, bookseller and stationer, 47, Chve-street Watson William, vict. Lord Collingwoo^, Union-road Watson William, dealer in groceries and baker, George-street Watts Andrew, spirit vaults, Clive-street Wangh Maria, refreshment rooms, 96, Bedford-street Wealleans John, vict. Woolsington House, Mount Pleasant Weatherhead George, smith, Elders' Quay Weatherhilt William, vict. Railway Inn and Posting House, Little Bedford-street Weatherhilt Robert, coffee roaster. Mount Pleasant ; ho. Nile-street Weatherston John, vict. Shades Tavern, Howard-street Weightman Wm. master mariner,Bedford-st Weir Robert, insurance broker, 10, Tyne • street; ho. Preston Weir Robert S. accountant, 10, Tyne-street ; ho. Preston Westgarth James, grocer and carver and gilder, 59, Stephen son-street Westcroft Joseph, earthenware dlr. New Qy Whale Mary, vict. Bee Hive, Dotwick-street Wheatley Henry, shipowner, Dockwray-sq Wheatley John, shipowner, Northumber- land-square Wheldon R. and T. R. solicitors and insur- ance agents, Norfolk-street Wheatley Margaret, Berlin wool repository, 8, Upper Norfolk-street Wheatley Wm. shipowner. Dockwray-sq Wheldon Anthony R. farmer. East Howden Wheldon Thomas R. solicitor, etc. (R. and T. R. Wheldon); ho. Howard-street Wheldon Robt. solicitor, &:c. (R. *fc T. R. Wheldon) ; house, Howard-street Wherrior George, steamboat proprietor, South-street White Elizabeth, milliner, Bedford-street White James, cabinet maker and joiner (White and Lambert); ho. Church-way 603 CASTLE WARD — EAST DIVISION. White John, shipowner and master mariner, 5, Spring-terrace White and Lambert, cabinet makers and joiners, Kopery-bank White Eobt. master mariner, 92, Church-way Whitecross Richard, manager for the North and South Shields Gazette, CO, Howard -st Whitfield Isabella, vict. Northumberland Arms, New Quay Whitfield Henry, vict. Seven Stars, Percy- street, Tynemouth Whitfield John, grocer and baker, 23, Church-way Whitfield Joseph, butcher. The Allotment Whitehead Jas. master mariner, Hunting- '*d on- place, Tynemouth W^hittle James L. wine and spirit merchant and grocer, Saville-street Whittle James L. grocer, Little Bedford-st Wighara Mr. George, 15, Toll-square Vvlgham William, smith and veterinary surgeon, Bedford-street Wigham Wm. C. master mariner, Howard-st Wight Alexander, baker and flour dealer (Wardle and Wight); ho. Bell-street Wight and Allen, builders, King-street Yfight Nicholas, builder (Wight and Allen); ho. King-street Wight William C. vict. and coach proprietor, Queen's Head, Albion-street Wiley Mai-garet, milliner, Mount Pleasant Wilkie John, tailor, Linskill- street Wilkie Joseph, dealer in sundries, Hudson-st Wilkins John, agent, 14, Walker-place Wilkinson George, ship rigger, 15, Percy-st Wilkinson George, master mariner, Little Bedford-street Wilkinson Jane, confectioner, Bedford-st Wilkinson V/illiam, dlr, in sundries, Bell-st Wilkinson V/illiam, vict. Shipwrights' Arms, Church-way Wilkinson William, Her Majesty's Customs, Bedford-street Williamson George, chemist and druggist, Union-street; ho. 11, Spring-terrace Williamson Mrs. Elizabeth, 9, Spring-ter Williamson Wm. master mariner, Stephen- son-street Willis Susannah, dlr. in sunds.Wellington-st Willits Thomas, dealer in game, Tyne-st Wilson Arthur, vict. King^s Head, Clive-st Wilson Catherine, butcher, 29, Tyne-street; ho. 1, Stephenson-street Wilson Henry, grocer, Duke-street; ho. Union-street Wilson Jaue, vict. Lord Broitgham, Middle-st Wilson John, master mariner, Norfolk-st Wilson John, glass, china, and earthenware dealer, Duke-street Wilson John, cheese and flour dealer, 23, Union-street Wilson Richard Henry, chemist, druggist, and grocer, 21, West Percy-street Wilson Mr. Robinson, Bell Cottage Windas Joseph, Her Majesty's Customs, 33, King street Windas Winiam,iron and tin plate worker and brazier, 14, Norfolk-sireet Wlngrave John, chemist and druggist, and agent to the Equitable Law Life Assur- ance Society, Tyne-street; ho. Walker-pl Wingrave William, hat manufacturer, and hosier, 36, Union-street Winship Mrs. Elizabeth, 10, George-street Wintrim Jas. master mariner, 6,Bird-street Wolfson Michael, currier and leather cutter (Mendelson & Wolfson) ; ho. Church st Wood Adam, painter, glazier, and paper- hanger, 24, Church-way; ho. 22, Ste- phenson-street Wood Cuthbert, master mariner, Sidney-st Wood Edward, master mariner. Little Bed- ford-street Wood Eleanor, dlr. in sundries, Bedford-st Wood James, butcher, George-street Wood John, vict. Hope and Anchor, Low Lights Wood John, beer retailer Clive-slreet Wood Margaret, dealer in sundries, Nor- folk-street Wood William, baker, Camden-lane Woodman Mrs. Grace, 23, Spring-terrace Woodmass Robert, hat manufacturer, 7, Union-street Woolidge Martha, dealer in sundries, Ghurch-street Wright Anthouy,vict.2)oc7« JTofeZ, Liddell-st Weight Christiana W. shipowner. South Preston Wright Mrs. Elizabeth, shipowner, King-st Wright George, grocer and flour dealer. Bird-street Wright John T. butcher, Clive-street ; ho. Bedford-street Wright John, block, mast, and pumpmaker ( Y/right&Creighton) ; ho.97, Church-way Wright John, shipowner, 96, Church-way Wright Rhoda, dealer in sundries, North-st Wright Robert, master mariner, Little Bedford-street Wright Robt. master mariner. Church-way Wright & Creighton, block, mast, and pump makers, Chve-street Wright Thos. vict. Magpie, Coble-dean BOKOUGH OF TYNEMOUTH CT^SSTFIED DIEECTOET. 503 Wrkon John, surgeon, l,TynemoiUli-place Tynemoutli YEELES Geo. vict. Ho2Je Inn, Norfolk-st Yeeles John, master mariner, Church st Yeeles Wilham, bulkier, Albion-street ; ho. Upper Norfolli-street Yeoman Jas. master mariner, Chnrch-st Yeoman Thos. master mariner , Nile-street York John, master mariner, 16, East Percy-street Y'oung Ann, straw hat maker, 47, Church-st Young Benj. master mariner, Norfolk-st Young Charlotte, hosier and miUiner, Tyne-street Young Gi)bert,pilot,6,Smith's-place,Toll-sq Young Mrs. Mary Northumberland-square Y"oung Emanuel, shipbuilder & shipowner (T. Y^oung & Son) ; ho. Northumber- land-square Young Peter, agent to the Hope Mutual Life and Gurantee Society, Tyne-street Young Philip, shipowner, 95, Church -way Young Thos. & Son, shipbuilders and ship- owners, Liddell-street,and South Shields Young Thos. master mariner, 3, Percy-st Y^'oung Wm. vict. Royal Oak, Bell-street Y^oung Wm. master mariner, Church-street Younger John, builder and contractor, King-street ; ho. Tynemouth Younger Eichd. butcher, Stephenson street; ho. Church-street Younghusband Kichard, master marine! 55, Percy-street CLASSIFICATION ' OF TEADES, PEOFESSIONS, ETC Academies and Schools. Adam son Mary Isabella, 97, Church-way Bell Jane and Dorothy, 9, East Percy-street Cameron Peter, Stephenson- street Catholic School, Nelson-st; Thos. McEenzie, teacher Charlton J. 26, Church-st Constable J. C. private teacher, Preston-lane Cooke Margaret, Church-st Dodd J. P. L.L.D. Grove Academy, Albion- street Errington Miss,21, Norfolk-st Gething S. 16, Dockwray-sq GiELs' Union School, Nor- folk-st ; Miss Saunderson, teacher Hall Jane, Albion -st Hedley Dorothy, Linskill-st Home Isabella, ladies, 29, Dockwray-square Holy Trinity National Schools, Collingwood-st; R. Bone & Margaret Dunn, teachers Industry & Infant Schools, Albion -st; Judith Murray and Eosamond Harrison, teachers Infant School, Norfolk-st; Mary Hobson, teacher Kettlewell's School, George-st ; H. Johnson, master King W. Queen -street Lavender A, UpperPearson-st Liddell J. G. nautical, Tyne- street Marley Bridget, 70, Church- street Martindale W. Church-sti'eet Ogilvie & Hunter ladies and boarding, 26, Dockwray-sq Ormston Ellen, 91, Church- way Piher Misses, 26, Howard-st Reid Misses, ladies, 30, Dock- wray-square Eichardson G. Smith's-place Toll-square Eichardson G. C. Hudson- st Eobinson My. Stephenson-st EochesterJouathanAlbion-st Eoyal Jubilee School, Albion-street; T. Haswell, teacher Scotch Church National School, Howard - street ; John Mavor, teacher Sharp D. Preston-lane Stephenson JMargt. George- street Watson Isabella,27,Sidney-st 504 CASTLE WARD — EAST DI^^SlON. Accountants Bulmer J. 1, Howard-street Crawford J. J. Stephenson-st Little J. 3, Cobourg-place Ridley Thomas, 32, King-st Weir Robert S. 10, Tyne-st Agents— Commission, &c. See also Brokers — Sliip and Insurance. Avrillautl J. 2,ColDourg place Barker H. Norfolk-street Blagdon & Son, Anchor Quay Brightraan H. A. (European Gas Company, London), New Quay Brown J. D. Lin skill-street Bulmer J. 1, Howard- street Clarke H. 24, Dockwray- square Crawford T. C. Norfolk-street Dale P. & Co. Howard-street English H. 5, Sidney-street Graham John, 30, Camden-st Hadaway D. 1, Bell's-terrace Harbutt T. 63, Bedford-st Herdman E. Linskill-street Holliday Samuel, Linskill- street Hornsby George, 74, Upper Stephenson-street Hunter Taylor S. Cullercoats Innes G. house, Howard-st MetcalfT. 25, Norfolk-street Morrison W. D. Sa^dlle-st Peart R. Howard-street Pollock J. K. 34, Norfolk-st Popplewell R. & Co. (Green- wich Felt Works Company) New Quay Eeveley W. house, 2, Rus- sell-street Ridley Thomas, 32, King- street Tate W. G. 102, Howard-st Thompson and Co. (French Lloyd's), Lishman's Quay Trotter T. R. and Son, Shep- herd's Quay TuUock Michael B. (for Chas. Dick, brewer, Edinburgh ; and for Duncannon & Co. distillers,Newington, Edin- burgh); 26, Chve-street Turnbull R. shipping gazette, 26, West Percy-street Anchor Manufacturers See also Chain and Chain Cable Manufacturers. Pow and Fawcus, Bell-street, Reed-street, and Bull-ring Tyzack, Whiteley, and Co. Low Lights, and Bell-street Artists Errington Isabella, 21, Nor- folk-street Shotton J. 116, Bedford-st Auctioneers and Appraisers Marked * are also Agents. *Coxon J. Church-way * Hoggins J. 11, Dockwray- square, and at Newcastle Hornsby George appraiser only, 74, Upper Stephen- sou-street Hudson Jas. 13, Newcastle- terrace, Tyneraouth * Jackson T."66, Camden st Morrison W. D. Saville-st ' Pye M. and house and land agent, Russell-street Ridley Thomas, 32, King-st *Tate W. G. 102, Howard-st Bakers Marked * are also Flour Dealers. AUwood Adam, Liddell-st Armsti'ong J. L. Union-st ♦Armstrong W. 59, Church- way *Bolton J. 34, Stephenson-st *Bolton R. 4, Bird-street Brown James, Church-street Campbell A. LittleBedford-st Campbell Elizb. Bedford-st Charlton Ann, 1, Charlotte-st * Coventry A. 53, Bedford-st *Cleugh R, biscuit, Chve-st Dick J. T. New-road Duncan W. biscuit, Beacon- street Fittis J. and Co. biscuit, 1, Clive-street *Hadaway E. 6, Linskill-st Harper B. Bull-ring Hay E, 16, Clive-street Martin W. C. Duke-street *Martin W. S. 35, Stephen- son-street Milburn G. and W. 37, Lid- deil-street Monkman T. bis-cuit, 15, Church -street Reaveley D. Middle-street, Tynemouth Roll Margaret, Middle-street, Tynemouth Sewell J. Camden-lane Scott and Scott, bisQuifc,^ ^ Liddell-street -h-fijH Scott T. Sidney-street ■■;,.„ ;-; Smith J. Wooden Bridge Trotter I. Beacon-street *Wardle and Wight, biscuit, Bell-street Watson W. George-street Whitfield J. 23, Church-way Wilson G. Clive-street Wood W. Camden-lane Bankers National Provincial Bank OF England, Howard-st ; P. A. Dodds. manager; ho. Howard-street Northumberland and Dur- ham District Bank ; Robt. Milburn, manager; house, Camden-street Union Bank ; Robt. Foster, manager ; ho. 10, Howard- street Savings' Bank, Norfolk-st jf S. J. Tibbs, actuary Basket Makers Hewitt W. Bedford-street Rutherford S. Church-street' Walters J. Bedford-street p Board & Lodging Houses^ Tynemouth i '^ Armstrong Henry, Percy-st Baxter Isabella, 50, FronjU. street ~ * ' Bell Isabella, Front-stre^ ^ Bell Isabella, Sea-banks Benn Robert, Percy-street Booth Esther, Percy-st Broag Margaret, Percy-st Bruce Charlotte, Front st Cooke Frances E . Front-st Cowcher Ann, 7, Bath-ter Cuthbert Ehzabeth, 3, Tyne- mouth-terrace Dawson Isabella, Percy-st Donkin Isabella, 10, Hunt- ingdon-place BOROUGH OF TYNEMOtJTH CLASSIPlEf) t)IRECTOr.Y. 605 Board & Lodging Houses— Contmued. Duncan Elizab. Front-street Evans Edward, Percy-sti'eet Fenwick Ann, Front- street Graham Thomas, Percy-st Greaves Ehzab. Front street Hare Jane, Sea-banks Harrison Ann, Front-st Harrison Elizabeth, Middle- street Henderson Barbara,Percy-st Hogg Catherine, Front-st Hnggup Isab. Front-street Hutchinson John, 1, Percy- street Irwin Mary, Percy-street Johnson Ann, Middle-street Matthews Margaret, 2, Tyne- mouth-teiTace Mayson Dinah, Front-street Meers Sarah, 8, Bath-terrace Miller ]Martha, Front-street Mills Jane, Tynemouth-ter Morley Isabella, Percy-street Murray Thomas, Percy-st Nelless Mary, Percy- street Ord Richard, Percy-street Patterson Sara , 38, Front- street Ramsay Sarah, Front-stree t Robson Edwin, Percy-street Royal Hannah, 42, Front-st Rutherford Thos. 39, Front-st Scott Charles, 6, Bath-ter Share Thomas, Front-street Simpson Lavina, Front-st Smith Thomas, Percy-street Storey Mary, Percy-street Spoor Ann, 1, Bath-terrace Toward Ralph, Front-street Walton Elizab. Front-street Warden Ehzabeth, Tyne- mouth-place Weland Elizab. Middle street Whaley Ann, 49, Front-street Wigham Mrs. 29, Percy-st Wright Edward, 13, Hunting- don-place Younger Miss, 11, Bath-ter Whalton Jane, 3, Allendale- place Block ft Maet Maimers Charlton J. Bell-stroet Davison T. Howden Dock Gray M. Bell-street Hall & Fell, Hudson-street Harcuss J. Custom House Quay Johnson W. Bell-street McKellop R. High End of Limekiln Shore Morton M. Liddell-street Pickering & Anderson, Bell- street Stewart & Newton, Skipsey's Qnay Stewart R. Blackburn's Quay and Low Lights Watson J. Howden Dock Wright & Ci-eighton, Clive-st Boat Builders Cooper W. Milburn-place Cooper W. Nortli-street Dowey J. Elder's Quay Dowey J. Limekiln Shore & Low Lights Morallee Jno. Limekiln Shore Pickering & Anderson, Bell- street Sanderson G. Limekiln Shore Stewai't D. Low Lights Stobbs R. & R. Milburn-pl Thoburn & Grant,Coble-dean Bookbinders Ditchburn G. Camden-lane Phillipson & Hare, Tyne-st Reid W. G. 29, Union-street Tulloch J. G. 13, Tyne-street Walker G. 12, Tyne-street Watson W. 47, C'live-street Booksellers & Stationers Marked * are also Printers. Cro wBen jamin (printer only ) , 19^, CUve-street Hall J. 8, Camden-street * Harrison R. & nautical chart seller, 44, Tyne-st. and 1, Dockwray-square * Henderson R. 4, Church - way * Orange W, & nautical chart seller, 4, Bedford-street * Philipson & Hare, 7, Tyne- street & at Newcastle Sharp B. W. 48, Tyne street Sutherland W. Bedford st and New Quay * Walker G. & nautical chart seller, 12, Tyne-street Watson W. 47, Chve-street Boot & Shoemakers Aird J. 35, Beacon-street Aird T, 25, Linskill-street Angus T. 50, Church-way Black J. Pearson's-row Brown A. Bedford-street Brown J. 18, Tyne-street Campbell B.^iddell-street Carr T. F. Waterville-terrace Cockburn Alfred, Clive-st Common J. Nile-street Cooke N. Tyne-street Coxon W. Church-way Douglass & Son, & doggers, Bull-ring Douthwaite G. 2, Union-st Forster J.Percy-street, Tyne- mouth Fothergill T. Beacon-street Gustard W. Duke-street Hall G. 22, Union-street Hall J. 38, Camden-street Hislop G. 7, Bedford street Hogarth J. Liddell-street Hudson T. Low Lights -stairs Jackson R. D. Albion-street Lenney T. Camden-street McCallA. Percy-street,Tyne- mouth Nicholson J. Wooden Bridge Nott S. Lower Pearson-st Potter J. Clive-street Robson M. 15, Bull-ring Sanderson R. 2, Bedford-st Scorfield W. 28, Tyne-street Smith A. 40, Tyne-sti^eet Southern John & Son, Bell- sti'eet Stephenson G. Brunswick- place Storey W. Caraden-lane Thompson H. 1, George st Ward H. Low Lights-stairs Boot & Shoe Dealers Dearness Jane, Tyne street Moffoot Eleanor, 42, Tyne-st Patterson J. Union-sti-eet Brass Founders & Finishers Charlton & Carr, Tyne-st Harrison J. Dotwick street 506 CASTLE WARD EAST DR^ISION. Brass Founders, &Q.~ConUncl. Pow & Favvens, Bullring, Bell-street & Eeed-street Eamsay C. & coppersmith, Potwick-street Brewers Marked * are also Malsters. * Allison W. H. & Co. Duke- street * Bartleraan and Criglitons, Bull-ring &4Slive-street Call Geo. Allotment Brewery, The Allotment *Carr, Ormston & Carr, Low Lights * Davison & Son, Monk- seaton Brewery Falconar J. B. Howden Glover John, Clive-street Brev/ery, Clive-street Harbutt T. Toll-square Thornborrow J. Clive-street Wascoe G. Bell- street Brick Manufacturer Dobson John, and tile, Percy- banks Brokers— Ship and Insurance Marked* are also Merchants Aisbitt T. 0. Dockwray-sq Armstrong J. 68, Church- street, and 12, Tyne-street Boldeman, Berries & Co. Bell-street Brightraan H. A. New Quay Clark G. H. &C0.8, Tyne-st Cookson T. Q, Church-street Dale P. & Co. Howard-street Dobinson G. L. & Co. 4, Tyne- street i'rench J. jun. New Quay Trend Thomas W.8,Percy-ter Greenhow C. H. 27, Tyne-st Jenkins C. M, Howard-street Lotinga Calmer, 14, Toll- square, and at Newcastle Lowrey J. D. New Quay Mattaire J. Lamb's Quay PeartR. receiver of Admiral- ty Droits, Howard-street Popplewell Pv.itCo, NewQuay Shotton E. & Co. Tyne-st * Thompson and Co. Lish- luan's Quay Wait J. & J. Tyne-street Builders and Joiners Allon J. C. Linskill-street Brand & Mouat, and contrac- tors, George-street Dawson T. 1, ToU-square Foot C. Preston Hornsby G. and contractor, 74, Upper Stephenson-st Hornsby T. N. Charlotte-st Hunter Taylor S. and con- tractor, Cullercoats Hunter R.Wellington-street ; ho. Preston Mould N. &R. P. Bird-street Place J. and ornamental stonemason,62, Church-wy Robson I. R. contractor and ornamental stonemason, Hudson-street Robson J. & M. 80, Church- way Rutter & Towns, and con- tractors. Union-lane Rutherford J. Church-way Spence R. Bedford-street,and Saville-street Stewart T. D. 22, Linskill- street TaylorYfilliam,Percy-square, Tynemouth Wight & Allen, King-street Younger John, & contractor. King- street Yeeles W. Albion-street Butchers Appleton H. Low Pearson-st Armstrong George, Clive-st Armstrong W.Norfolk-street Ainsley G. 30, Duke-street, & at Middle-street Baker Jacob, pork, Clive-st BengallJ. 17, Bull-ring Boom T. Clive-street Bullock. T. Camden-street Burn R. North-street and Duke-street Burn T. 4, Hudson-street Burn Robert, jun. Clive-st Burns G. Upper Pearson-st Carr W. Low Lights Charlton J. Dotwick street Coates W. Upper Pearson-st Craggs W. Dotwick-street Cuthbert J. Middle-street, Tynemouth Cuthbertson G. Linskill-st Davison T. Charlotte-street and at Tynemouth Davison W. Liddell- street Dawson E. 27, Tyne-street Dunn J. & Sons, Clive-street and Tynemouth Fei-guson T. Church-way Fidler R. Bedford-street Fish J. Charlotte -street Fitzmaurice F. T. Bedford-st Forster W. Clive-street Gibson J. 43, Tyne-street and 63, Clive-street Glaholm Wm. Bull-ring Hadaway T. D. 47, Tyne-st Haggerston J. K. Norfolk-st Haggerston J. Church-way Hay R". 47, Liddell -street HewisonR. UpperPearson-st Hindmarsh John, Middle- street, Tynemouth Hindmarsh Ann, Duke-st Humble J. Clive-street Kay R. S. Church-way Knott W. Chm-ch-way Leslie T. Bird-street and at Monkseaton Lesslie Thomas, Preston Longstaff W. Bedford-street Lyall H. Charlotte-street McLellan J. 52, Bell street Morrison Robert,Duke-street IMorton R. Clive-street Motley T. 42, Duke-street Patterson W. Linskill-street Purves G. B. Tyne-street Purvis G. 25, Union-street Rogers J. Clive-street Rossiter J. Bird-street Simpson W. Stephenson-st Smith John W. Bell-street Stobbs J. 70, Clive-street Stothard J. Bedford-street SwanE. K.'&R. 3, Clive-st Swan M. Welhngton-st Thompson Mary,32,Union-st Thornton W. Nile- street Turnbull R. B. Union-street TynemoutliT.Collingwood-st Whitfield J. The Allotment "Wilson Catherine, Tyne-st Wood J. George-street Wright J. T. Clive-street Younger B. Stephenson-st BOROUGH OF TTNEMOUTH CLASSIFIED DIEECTOET. 50T Cabinet Makers and Joiners See also Builders & Joiners Mai'ked * are also Furniture Bks „ t are also Upholsterers Adams Gr. Library -bank,Foot of Howard-street Atkin E. Queen-street + Buckliam J. Saville-street Chapman H. Dotwick-street Charlton T. 3, Albion-street Dawson T. 1, Toll-square Embleton W. Knott's-lane, Tjne-street Foot C. Preston Forrest J. S. Eopeiy-bank Graham John, 30,Camden-st GreenweU W. 9, Linskill-st Hepple J. 62, Chui'ch-street Inness C. Camden-lane Johnson H.-il,Stephenson-st Lambert "W. Bolton's-yard Landells J. Cam den-street Lawrenson Charles, Char- lotte.street * Lyall G. Tyne-street * Moore J. Dockwray-square Mould N. & E. P. Bird-street +Nicholson "W. Eopery-bank Nicholson and Forest, Nor- folk-street Bae J. Liddell-street Eedpath J. 73, Bedford-street Benton D. 66, Bedford-street Bobinson J. Percy - street, Tynemouth Butter J. Preston Butter & Tovms, 6, Union-ln Butherford E. Church-way Scott D. 63, Church-way +Smith J. Howard-street Spence E. Bedford-street and Saville-street * Straker J. Tyne-street + Stewart Gr. H. 7, Saville-st Stuart J. W. 55, Church-st Taylor C. 5, Bedford-lane TaylorWillianijPercy square, Tynemouth White & Lambert,Eopery-bk Canvas Manufacturers Brown W. Clive-street Longstaff AVm. Camden-st Middleton T. & Co. mer- chants, Liddell street Carvers and Gilders Johnson F. 9, Union-lane Massey T. S. Linskill-street Westgarlh J. 59, Stephen- son-street Cartwrights Foot Charles, Preston Peacock John, Preston Davidson Geo. Monkseaton Butter James, Preston Short John, Stephenson-st Chain Tand Chain Cable Manufacturers Black J. Union-road ElHs J. & Co. Bell-street Pow & Fav,cus, Bell-street, Eeed-street, and Bullring Tyzack, Whiteley, and Co. Low Lights and Bell-street Walker W. & Co. White- hill Point Chemists and Druggists Bailey J. 56, Front-street, Tynemouth Btu-n T. North-street Corder 0. Tyne-street Day B. 29, Union-street Dakers W. 10,Dotwick-street Douglass T. 68, Bedford-st Edington J. S. 19, Char- lotte-street EUiot E. W. Bull-ring Forth E. wholesale colour manufacturer, Chve -street Frater George, 37, Tyne-st Gibson T. New Quay Harrison H. Duke street Hunter T. Duke-street Mease S. & Son, Tyne-street Bobinson J. C. 36, Clive-st Smith W. 2, Church-street Swan T. 20, Wellington-st Taylor W. J. 14, Tyne-street and I, Norfolk-street Williamson G. 18, Union-st Wingrave John, Tyne-street Wilson E.H.21,WestPercy-st China Glass, & Earthenware Bealers Burrell W. Ciive- street Chater E. Clive-street Dawson A. Tyne-street Turnbull E. Bell-street Westcroft J. New Quay Wilson J. Duke-sti-eet Coach Proprietors Hutchinson J. Percy Arms, Tynemouth Weatherilt W. Raihvay Inn, Little Bedford-street Wight W. C. Albion-st Confectioners See also Fruiterers Blyton J. Tyne street Harper G. Duke-street Lonstaff E. Albion-street Miller John, Clive-street Moifoot E. Camden-street Monkman T. 15, Church-st Morrison Margt. 26, Tyne-st Bamsay W. 42, Tyne-street Smith J. Tynemouth Wilkinson J. Bedford-street Consuls— Vice Austria — H. A. Brightman, New Quay Danish — B. Popplewell, New Quay France — J. Avrillaud, agent for the consul at Newcastle, § , Cobourg-place OttomanEmpire — Thompson and Co. Lishman's-quay Portugal — G. L. Dobinson & Co. 4, Tyne-street Prussia — John Fawcus, Bell-street Russia — Thompson and Co. Lishman's Quay Sicily — J. W. Fenwick, 6, Tyne-street Sweden and Norway — Bolde- man Berries, and Co. Bell-street Coopers Gockburn J. Liddell-street Dawson C. 11, Bell-street Elsdon J. Bedford-street Hewison F. Dotwick-street McLellan J. 52, Bell-st Oliver J. Clive-street Curriers and Leather Merchants Heron T. 15, Saville-street Mendelson ct Wolfson, 32. Church-street French George, Union-st 508 CASTLE WAEt) — feAST DITlSIOif. Owen & Sons, 19, Union-st Thompsou T. 28, Duke-st Stoddart M. A, 6, and 7, Collingwood-street Drapers— Linen and ooUen Marked * are Outfitters " t are Tailors Arras John, Albion-street Atkinson M. Howard-street Collinson J. and Son, 29, Tyne-street Collinson S. 28, Union-st Fothergill G. 9, Tyne-street Green J. Uuion-street *f Bedley J. 7, Howard-street and eS4, Uaiou-street *+Hi]] D. and Sons, 26, Union-street, and 8, How- ard-street Hodgson John, and mercer, 29, A[arket-place, South Shields Honeyman J. 33, Tyne-st Jameson H. A. East-street, Milburn-place Kerr S. Albion-street McCuUagh P. 61, Bedford-st PhiUpson & Co. 14 and 16, Tyne-street SmithT.Front-st.Tynemouth *+Spence J. Dotwick-st and Collingwood-street fSpence J.F. & J. Howard-st Dyers CoUyer B.J.7, Stephenson-st and at Newcastle Coulson G. F. Linskill-st Foster Elizh, Bedford-st Grieves A. Stephenson-st Eating Houses Jennings J. P. 8, Clive-street Sharp W. Clive-street Waugh Maria, 96, Bedford-st Engineers and Engine Builders Almond J. P. King-street, and Union-road Conley J. Duke-street Milburn W. Mount Pleasant Hepple & Landells, Mount Pleasant Scott W, and millwright, Mount Pleasant Engravers, and Copperplate, and Lithographic Printers King J. 9, Caraden-street Tulloch J. G. 13, Tyne-st Farmers in Chirton Township Bell Thos. Shire Moor Barker Thos. B, Chirton-hill Chicken Geo. East Howden Fenwick John, Havhole Hall Joseph, Billy "Mill Herdman Thomas, Chir- ton-hill Hope Snrtees, Hawkey'sHall Johnson Michael, High Flat- worth Peacock Thos West Chirton Potts Henry, Chirton Robinson Ralph, Prospect-hl Sisterson John Turner William, Lower Flat- worth Walker William, Ridges Farm Wardle Matthew & Son Watson Robert,Chirton-dean Weldon Anthy. EastHowden Farmers in Preston Township Brown John Brown Thomas Fenwick John Fenwick Joseph Fen^^ick Wilham Lilburn James Potts Henry Potts John, Preston White House Potts Thomas # Ramsay George Robinson Ralph, Prospect-hl Farmers in Tynemouth Township Davison George Dunn Anthony and Henry, Monk-house Gibson James Hogg Thomas & Son Nelless George Scott Thomas & Sons Swindle William & Sons Potts Henry, Manor Farm Wallace William Wenter George and Sons, Tynemouth Link-house Farriers DixonB.Knott's-lane,Tyne-st Gallon P. Collingwood-st Forgemen Pow & Fawcus, Bull-ring, Reed-street and Bell-st Tyzack, Whiteley, and Co. Low Lights Walker & Co.WhitehillPoint Fruiterers See also Confectioners Bowman Margaret Ann, 38, Tyne-street Case D. New Quay Di'ummond D. New Quay Drnniraf)nd G. New Quay Ellison J. New Quay Martin H. 65, Chve-street Moore Robert, Linskill-st Nichols W. New Quay ; Patterson Ann, Tyne-striBet' ; Riggs R. New Quay Stout M. New Quay Furniture Brokers See a/so Cabinet Makers, and also Cabinet Makers and Joiners Charlton J. 22, Bedford-st Coffton J. Bedford-street Davidson J. 21,Wellington-st Graham John, 30,Caraden-st Heal J. Church-way Herdman E, Linskill-street Keeble W. Upper Pearson-st Lawson J. Duke-street Moore J. 42, Dockwray-sq Mordue W. Bedford-street Game Dealers and Poulterers Bowman Margaret Ann, 38, Tyne-street Drummond G. New Quay Taylor J. (poulterer only), Saville-street WiUits T. Tyne-street Gardeners— Market Alexander A. Albion-street Charlton Ehzabeth, Chirton Hogg T. F. Preston-lane Jamieson J. Milton - lane, Chirton Malcolm P. 18, Russell-st Miller J. Preston-lane BOROUGH OF TYNBMOUTH CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 509 Gardeners— Co72rE Mutual, Life and Guarantee ; Peter Young, Tyne-street Hope Mutual, Life ; T. C. Crawford, Norfolk-street I3JPERIAL, Fire ; Philipson %Fire; Lietcb &Ivewney, 31, Howard-street Lancashire, Life & Fire ; W. Baylie, Liddell-street Leeds & Yorkshirb,Life & Fire ; Pi. Millburn, agent, 1, Camden-street Life Association of Scot- land ; T. A. Dodds, agent, 12, Howard-street Liverpool & London, Life & Fire ; Thomas Fenwick, agent, Norfolk-street Manchester Assurance ; J. Hume, agt. 15, Camden-st LLvRiNE Casuality ; T. E. Trotter & Son, Shepherd's Quay Minerva, Life; C. Hunten, agent, 8, Tyne-street National Loan Fund,Life ; E. Harrison, agt. Tyne-st Newcastle, Fire; E.Foster, agent, 3 0, Howard-street Norwich Union, Fire and Life ; C. U. Laws, agent. New Quay Ocean, Marine ; W. H. At- kinson, secretary, 60, Bed- ford-street Palladium,Life ; Thompson & Co. agents, Lishman's Quay PH(ENrK,LirE ; T. E. Trotter & Sou, Sheplierd's Quay PiTOiNix, Fire ; E. Shotton & Co. Tyne-street Professional,Life ;E.Kidd, agent, Linskill-street Provident, Life ; YV". G. Eeid, Union-street Eotal Exchange, Fire and Life ; E. Popplewell & Co. agents. New Quay Eoyal Farmers' & General Fire & Life ; J. T. B. Tin- ley, agent, Dockwray-sq Steam Packet, Mutual ; G. Brown, sec. New Quay Star, Cargo, & Frei&ht Marine ; J. Armstrong, secretary, 13, Tyne-street Sun, Fire & Life; J. Bul- mer, agent, Howard-street Sun, Fire ; P. A. Dodds, 12, Floward-street Times, Life & Fire ; J. K. Pollock, 34, Norfolk- street Tynemouth a 1, Marine ; W. H. Atkinson, secretary, 60, Bedford-street Tyne Protecting, Marine ; C. Hunten, secretary, 8, Tyne-street Union, Fire & Life, H. Harrison, Duke-street Union Insurance Associa- tion ; J. Patterson, agent. Church -way Union, JMarine ; J. Arm- strong, sec. 12, Tyne-st United Mutual Mining & General Life; J. K. Pol- lock, agent, 34, Norfolk-st Yorkshire, Fire &Life ; G H. Clark & Co. Tyne-st Iron Founders Harrison J. Dotwick-street Milburn W. Mount Pleasant Pow & Fawcus, Bell-st. Eeed- street, & Bull-ring Tyzack, Whiteley, & Co. Low Lights and Bell-street Walker, Brothers, Colling- wood-street Walker W. & Co. WhitehiU Point Ironmongers and Hardware- men. Ellis E. 26, Duke-street Gijymer W. & Co. Chve-st Matthews T. 44, Liddell-st Harbutt T. J. Bedford-sti-eet Miller C. 58, Clive-street Stoker T. 21, Clive-street Si Twizell J. & Son, 51 & 52, Clive-st. & 6, Tyne-street Viney J, New Quay Lead Manufacturers Cookson W. I. & Co. Hay Hole, Howden Gossage WiUiam H. Smelt- ing Works, Willington Quay Manufacturing Chemists Ogilvie & Son, Magnesia Works, Collingwood-street Marine Store Bealers Anthoney Ann, Grey Horse Quay Collins T. Grey Horse Quay Cramman J. 8, Duke-street Derigh M. Liddell-street Dixon E. Low Lights Dowie J. Duke-street Graham G. Camden-lane Heaton T. Liddell-street Hutchinson Thos. Bell-street Kingston Jane, Saville-street Marshall G. Charlotte-street Mattison G. Bell-street McGrigor D. 43, Bell-street Mills M. Grey Horse Quay Munrow Michael, Liddell-st Oxley John, Custom House Quay; ho. Eussell-street Punshon J. Charlotte street Pyves E. Bell-street Quail Jane, Limekiln Shore Eeed J. 36, Duke-street, and Middle-street EichardsonE. Blackburn's Qy Eichardson G. 21, Liddell-st Eichardson W. Grey Horse Quay Scott Thos. 116, Bedford-st Seamann C. H. Lamb's Quay Sharp H. Dotwick-street Sords W. 17, Bell-street Stephenson J. Duke-street Stewart W. Liddell-street Thompson E. A. Black- burn's Quay Thompson T.Charlotte-street Towns J. Bell, street Wall W. L Bell-street Wann E. Wooden Biidge Wai'd John, 13, Chai'lotte-st 514 CASTLE WARD — ^EAST DIVISION. Master Mariners Adams George, Preston Adams T. Preston Allen W. Church street Anderson J. G-eorge-street Anderson E. 23, King- street Arkkley J. 4, Smith' s-place Armstrong J. 59, Howard-st Armstrong J. Linskill-street Atkins W. Church-street , Austin J. Linskill-street Aynsley T. Norfolk-street Bain G. 27, North-street Bainbridge W. Sidney-st Balls W. 65, Howard-street Barnsley J. 69, Camden-st Barras C. Linskill-street Baxter TV. Linskill-street Bell G. Howard-street Bell G. 6, Middle street Bergen E. C. Sidney-street Bethune W. 64, Camden-st Bevidge J. 38, Chiu'ch-street Bilton G. 7, Little Bedford-st Black G. George-street Black T. 54, Camden-street Boag W. East street, Mil- hurn-place Briggs W. B. Tynemouth Brock J. Howard-street Broderick J. Linskill-street Brodie A. Eopery-hank Brodie J. Sidney-street Brown E. 74. Camden-street Brown E. Sidney-street Brown T. 5, Smith's-place Brown WilUam, Linskill-st Bruce T. Church -way Buck F. 45, Howard-street Buck J. Norfolk-street Buckham E. Linskill-street Buloraig S. Linsldll-street Burdon T. Norfolk-street Burgeon G. Linskill-street Burn James, Norfolk-street Burton J. 64, Howard-street Burton W. 117, Bedford-st CambpellW. Toll-square Carr E. Mount Pleasant Carr W. Camden-street Carnaby W. Nelson-street Chater G. Norfolk-street Chater J. 69, Norfolk-street Christie T. 23, Wellington- street Christie W, Linskill-street Clark .T. Noifolk-street Clark J. Stephenson-street Clark T. Hudson-street Clark T. 10, Saville-street Clough G. Eussell-street Coates G. Linskill-street Coates G. 109, Linskill-street Cockburn Y\. Nile-street CoUedge T. 40, Nile-street Cook J. Church-street Cooper J. Eussell-street Cooper W. 6, Nelson-street Corbett ^Y. Linsldll-street Coward E. Upper Linskill-st Cownes J. Church-street Coxon L. Norfolk-street Cram G. 3, Walker-j)lace Creigh B. 58, Howard-st Creigh J. G. Stephenson-st Cuthbertson J. Linskill-street Dale J. 21, Stephenson-street Davey B. Linsldll-street Davidson J. Sidney-street Davison J. Linskill-street Day G. Linskill-street Dickson P. Cullercoats Dixon C. 73, Norfolk-street Dixon J. Bedford- street Dixon ^y. Church-way Dixon W. Tyne-street Dodds E. Water ville-terrace Donaldson T. 57, Camden st Downie E. 37, Church-street Downing W. ISTelson-street Driver Thos. Stephenson-st Driver E. Linskill-street Dunn C. 19, Percy-street Dunn J. 30, Camden-street Dunn J. Linskill-street Dunn E. Howard-street Dunn E. Lower Pearson-st Dunn E. Linskill-street Dunn W. Linskill-street Elliot F. Lower Pearson-st ElHott J, 6, Nile-street Ellis A. Church-way ElUson T. 42, Howard-street Elsdon E. Upper Pearson-st English G. H. Stephenson-st EtheringtonJ. Church-street Fair E. Nile-street Farrow J. Norfolk-street Faulkner E. 82, Church-st Fell H. Nile-street Flett T. Howard-street Firney J. 49, Sidney-street Fortune W. 13_, George-st Frazer Wm. Linskill-street Frost J. 68, Norfolk-street Fulthorp J. Camden-street Gallilee E. A. Nile-street Garrick E. Norfolk- street Gascoigne E. 31, Nile-street Gibson J. Northumberland st Gibson J. 29, Stephenson-st Gibson J. Linskill-street Gibson T. W. 4S, Howard- st Gibson W. Wellington-street Gibson Wm. Sidney-street Graham W. P. 29, Sidney-st Graham W. Stephenson-st Gray G. Church-street Gray J. N. Eoper3'-bank Grey H. Norfolk-street Green W. 6, George-street Green J. W. 92, Howard-st Grieves W. Little Bedford-st Grigs T. Norfolk-street Halcrow J. Church-street Hall A. Linskill-street Hall J. 117, Linskill-street Hall J. Eailway-street Hall T. 16, Nelson-street Hall W. Albion -street Handcock E. 12, George-st Harcuss J. Stephenson st Harper J. Wellington-street Harper N. Norfolk-street Harrison J. Hudson-street Harrison T 1, Smith's-place Harrson T.30, Stephenson-st Harrison T. Linskill-street Heans W. 26, Wellington-st Henderson J. Stephenson-st Henderson E. 24, Spring-ter Heslop G. Howard-street Hodgson W. 57, Church st Hogg E. Linskill-street Hogg E. 3, Charlotte-street Holland B. Little Bedford st Hudspeth E. Up. Pearson-st Hull L. Nelson -street Humphrey G. Norfolk-street Humphrey J. 10, Upper Norfolk-street HunterJ Linskill-street Huntley James, Tynemouth Hurrell S. Norfolk-street Hurrell W^ Norfolk-street Jack W. 37, Nile-street Jackson G. Church-street jAckson J. Linskill-street Jameson A. Church-street Jobling T. 28, Sidney-street Johnson J. Norfolk- street BOEOITGH OF TYNEMOUTH CLASSIFIED DIEECTOBT. 515 Master Mariners— Coniint^ecZ. Johnson J. Linskill-street Jorclon E. 3, Toll-square Jules T. Eopery-bank Kirby E. Linskill-street Knott M. 8, Toll-square Lindsay T. 75, Chuicli-way Lodge Gr. 42, Clmrch-way Lodge T. 67, Howard-street Londsdale J. Norfolk-street Lumsdon J. Norfolk- street Manners W. Camden-lane Martin E. Nile-street Marshall J. Camden lane McCallum J. Camdea-street McKenzie T. Caraden-street IMeldrum J. Northumberld-st Meldrum ^Y. Linskill-street Miller J. 41, Percy-street Moburn L. Albion-street Morris C. Linskill-street Mosley J. 34, King-street Muir A. Steplienson-street Newbold W. Nile-street Newbold G. Little Bedford-st Newham T. Linskill-street Newton B. Sidney-street Newton J. Linskill-street Nicholson J. Wellington-st Nicholson W. Linskill-street Nicholson W. 15, Nile- street Oliver J. Church -way Ord Thomas, Linskill-street Ormston E. Church-way Park G-. 38, Percy-street Parkinson I. Bedford- street Patterson G-. Linskill-street Patterson J. Howard-street Patterson W. Linskill-street Pattison J. Toll-square Paul G. Percy-street Peake J. Percy-street Pigg J. N. 3, Spring-terrace Place T. Eussell-street Potts E. 38, Nile-street Pringle J, Norfolk-street Purves J. 5, Nelson-street Pycroft, J. 78, Bell-street Pyle E. 14, South-street Eamsay H. Waterville-ter Eead G. Percy-street, Tyne- mouth Eeed G. Howard-street Eeid Lsaac B. Linskill-street Eennison W. 65, Norfolk-st Ehind J. Howard-street Eichardson E. Linskill-st Eichardson J. 24, Hutchin- sons-buildiugs Eichardson Thos. 33, Clive- street Eidley J. 1 0, Nelson-street Eobb J. 44, Howard-street Eobinson J. 55, Howard-st. Toll-square Eochester G. Church-way Eogers T. Howard- street Eutherford W. West Percy- street Sangster A. Norfolk-street Sans J. King-street Scorfield J. 101, Howard-st Scott C. Percy-street Scott J. 3, Cecil-street Sharp A. 54, Howard street Shepherd E. 8, Wellington- street Shipley James, Linskill-st Simpson G. Howard-street Simpson W. 52, Camden-st Simpson W. Linskill-street Sinclair M. Church-street Smith G. Stephenson-street Smith G. 91, Stephenson-st Smith G. 3, Smith's-place Smith J. Upper Toll-street Smith E. Linskill-street Smith E. Eussell-street Sop with E. Camden-street Southeron J. 57, Church-st Stamners J. Linskill-street Starks B. Tynemouth Stephens J. Norfolk-street SteAvart J. linskill-street Stroud A. Linskill-street Tate C. 11, Nelson-street Taylor J. 77, Church-street Taylor W. Linskill-street Taylor W. Norfolk-street Taylor W. 7, Toll-square Thompson J. Howard -street Thompson J. 14, Sidney-st Thompson E. Howard-street Thompson E. Linskill-street Thompson T . Linskill-street Ti)ompson W. Percy-square Thrift J. Nile-street Todd J. Stephenson-street Todd E. Stephenson-street Tothorick J. W. 7, Nelson-st Underwood W. S. Queen-st Urquhart J. 71, Norfolk-st Yenus E. 92, Linskill-street Wakefield J. 30, Percy-st Walker H. 50, Howard-st Walker E. Linskill-street Walker W. Hudson-street Wallace J. Percy-street Wallace W. Hudson-street Walton E, Church-way Ward C. Upper Norfolk-st Watson E. 39, Percy-street Weightman W. Bedford-st White J. 5, Spring-terrace White E. 92 Church-way Whitehead J. Tynemouth Wigham W. C. Howard-st Wilkinson G, Little Bedford- street Williamson W. Stephenson- street Wilson J. Norfolk-street Wintrim J. 6, Bird-street Wood C. Sidney-street Wood E. Little Bedford-st Wright E. Church -way Wright E. Little Bedford-st ^eeles J. Church-street Yeoman J. Church-street Yeoman T. Nile-street York J. 16 East Percy-street Young B. Norfolk-sti^eet Young T. 3, Percy-street Young W. Church-street Youle A. Sidney-street Younghusband E. 55, Percy- street Midwives Allen Ellen, Saville-street Ord E. Low Lights Millers Brown W. & Sons, Clive-st Procter J. Willington Eussell A. & Son, Colling- wood-st. and Flatworth Simpson E. Billy Mill-lane Soppet J. G. Low Lights Milliners & Dress Makers Appleby Sarah, Norfolk-st Armstrong Isai)ella, 67, Ste- phenson-street Bell Susanah, 77, Hudson-st Bolam E. Bedford- street Brock Mrs. 33, Union-street Claik Margaret, 39, Welling- ton-street Clark Ann, Stephenson-st Clow Margai'et, 21, Bird.st 516 CASTLE WAED — EAST DIVISION. Milliners, &o,— Continued, Crawley Frances, King-st Downes C. 14, Union-street Dunn H. 92, Bedford-street Drury E. W. 19, Tyne-street Edwards Dorothy, Stephen- son-street Elliott Alice, Dotwick-street Eell Barbara, 62, Camden-st Frost J. 25, Tyne-street Hart Jane, 62, Linskill-st Humphrey Mary, 25, Wel- lington-street Johnstone Alice, George-st Laidman Jane, 45, Camden- street Lawrenson Mary, 75, Church- street Eennison E. Linskill-street Eich J. Camden-street Eobinson A. Norfolk-street Kobson Isabella, Dockwray- square Eoss Jane, Linskill-street Shield A. & A. Dotwick-st Sopwith Margt. Linskill-st Storey Elizabeth, Church-st Thompson Ellen, 18, Toll-sq TiUock Ann, Little Bedford- street White E. Bedford-street Wiley Mrs. Mount Pleasant Young Charlotte, Tyne-st Millwrights Hepple & Landells, Mount Pleasant Scott W. Mount Pleasant News Agents Orange Wm. 4, Bedford-st Sutherland W. 11, Bedford-st Turnbull E. Nile-street Turner D. 2, Bell-street Walker a. 12, Tyne-street Newspaper North and South Shields Gazette, E. Whitecross manager, Howard-street Notaries Public Fenwick J. W. 6, Tyne-st Ingledew & Daggett, Tyne- st. and at Newcastle Lietch T. C. 31, Howard-st Lowrey G. F. 35, Tyne-st "Reed T, Dockwray-square Opticians and Mathematical Instrument Makers II ey E. nautical, 61, Clive-st Moralee W. H. 2, Union-st Eennison W. & Son, Tyne-st Todd E . nautical, 4, Bull-ring Outfitters. See also Drapers — Linen and Woollen, and also Tailors. Adams G. 3, New-quay Brown A. 40, Duke-street Campbell E.& Sons, Market- place, South Shields Chariton & Baker, Ciive-st Cohen D. 1, Union-street Cohen Jacob, 67, Clive-st Forrest T. Clive-street Frost J. 55, Clive-st. & Tyne- street Jackson A. Liddell-street Jackson H. Liddell-street Painters and Glaziers Anderson J. Charlotte-street Bell W. 15, Union-street, Bedford-st. and Tynemouth Clark C. Dockwray-street ; ho. 42, Dockwray-square Coates J. Brunswick-place Davidson H. N. Dotwick-st Hedley J. 24, Tyne-street Hunter J. 30, Tyne-street LesslieA, King-street , Lilburn T. Bedford-street Mainger Nicholas, Clive-st Ornsby W. C. 7, Linskill-st Park W. Bedford street Patterson Eobert, 3, Howard- street Eobson Eobt. 10, Nile-street Eobson W. Collingwood-st and Tynemouth Sherlock T. George-street Taylor A. Duke-street Wood A. 24, Church-way Panwbrokers Carr J. Northumberland-st Dixon J. Dot\vick-street Douglass & Son, Bull-ring Gibson H. 24 and 56, Bed- ford-street Hume J. 2, Camden-lane Hunter W. 39, Church-st Eae J. 6, Liddell-street Wann E. Wooden Bridge Bourne W. and surgeon, Howard-street Bramwell J. B. Dockwray-sq Fenwick S. and surgeon, 7, Dockwray-square Piano Forte Tuners GreenweU W. Nile- street Shaw J. 14, Nile-street Smith T. and maker,Krng-st Pipe Manufacturers Gallon Thomason,New Quay Hindshaw J. Bell-street Eobertson J. Bell-street Stobbs James, Bell-street Plumbers and Gas Fitters Atkin s on John W. Union street BrownWilliam,2, Church-way Cummings J. & bell-hanger, 23, Tyne-siTeet Matthews T. 44, Liddell-st Eamsay D. Dotwick-street Stephenson W. H. Bolton's- yard, Tyne-street Stoker T. Clive street Todd E. BuU-ring TAvizell J. 51 and 52, Clive-st and Tyne-st Porter Merchants Aynsley H. Bedford-street Bartleman and Creighton, Bull-ring Duffy P. 42, Nile-street Sanderson & Co. 40, Cam- den-street Stewart G. 4, Saville-street Professors Bonhomme F. languages, 3, East Percj'-street GreenweU W« music, Dale's- terrace Jameson J. music, 24, Sa- ville-strett Rope and Twine Manufac- turers Haggle E. H. & Co. Willing- ton & Lishman's Quay Hansell E. and Sons, Chir- ton-i'opery Knott I. East Howden BOROUGH OF TYNEMOUTH CLASSIFIKD DIRECTORY. 517 Rope & Twine Manufacturers Continued. Knott J. & Sons, Tyne-st Sims J. & Co. Albion-st Stephenson J. Eopery-bank Saddlers and Harness Makers English W. Little Bedford-st Luckley T. Colling woo d-st Sailmakers Elliott W. jun.CustomHoTise Quay Gibson T. Shepherd's Quay Green Wm. Bell-street Guilford G. & Co. Custom House Quay Kelso J. K. Maitland-lane Popplewell E. & Co. New Quay Eobinson T.BlackCock Quay Salkeld Henry, Willing- ton Quay Stephenson EHza, 25, Bell-st Taylor G. Bell-street Turner W. 50, Bell-street Salt Manufacturers Eryar M. Whitehill Point Ogilvie & Sons, Low Lights Shipbuilders Adarason T. & Sons, patent Slipyard, "Williugton Quay Coutts & Parkins on, iron, WilUngton Quay Morrison and Fawcus, and floating dock, Limekiln Shore LaingBrotherSjNorth Shields Dock Pickering &Anderson,Bell-st Smith T. & W. wood & iron, NewDock,Limekiln Shore; St. Peter's Dock, New- castle ; and 3, Eoyal Ex- change Buildings, London Young T. & Sod, Liddell-st and South Shields Ship Chandlers Blagdon & Son, Anchor Quay Downie J. Duke-street Eawcus E. E. Bell-street Eittis J. & Co. 1, Clive-street Green William, Bell-st Hall G. 18, Bull-ring Hutchinson T. Bell-street Knott L East Howden Mease S. & Son, Tyue-street M'Callum & Co. Black Cock Quay Eobinson J. C. 36, Clive-st Eobson Erances, Colling- wood-street Eowntree J. & Co. 4, Clive-st Salke.d Henry, WilUngton Quay Seamann C. H. Bell-street Stephenson J. Duke-street Storey E. Crane Wharf, Bell-street Sybenga J. H. Clive-street Sybenga S. P. 4, Bell-street Taylor E. Tyne-street Towns J. Maitland's-lane Trotter T. E. & Son, Shep- herd's Quay Turner W. 50, Bell-streefc Twizell John&Son, 6,Tyne-st and 51 & 52, Clive-street WaU W. I. Bell-street Shipowners Adamson Thomas & Sons, Willington Quay Allan W. Percy-square, Tynemouth Anderson E. E. 34, Church-st Armstrong Geo. Sidney-st Arthur E. E. Bedford-gtreet Atkinson J. New Quay Atkinson E.IO, East Percy-st Avery G. Stephenson-street Bainbridge W. Sidney-street Barker T. Eosella Hall Bartleman A. Eront street, Tynemouth BavidgeW. A. 62, Howard-st Bell T. E.W.Eield-house Bengali W. Whitehill Point Blagdon J. Church-street Boorn T. Clive-street Bourley E. 7, Spring-terrace Bowie Jane, 27, King-street Brown Mrs. A. Northumber- land-square Burton W. 117, Bedford-st Campbell J. 48, Church-st Cleugh E. Northumbrlnd-sq Close E. 36, George-street Coats P. Norfolk-street Cookson T. Church-street Coxon Dinah, King-street Coxon T. Northunibrld-sq Dale J. 36, Dockwray square Dale P. & Co. Howard-street Dale S. J. Camp-terrace Davison G. Preston Davison W. Howard-street Dobinson T. S. King-street Donldn J. 28, King-street Dowey James, Elder's Quay Downie J. Duke -street Downie W. 3, Cecil-street Dryden G. Northumbrld-pl Dryden J. Camp-terrace Dunn C. 19, Percy-street Eden Jane, Spring-terrace EUiott T. Cam den-street EUiott E. 64, Church-street EUiott W. junior, Custom House Quay EUiott W. 11, ToU-square Ellison J. 16, Nile-street Fawcett J. Spring-terrace Erost J. 68, Norfolk-street Gibson J. Brock House, Albion-road Gibson Thomas, junior, Eus- sell-street Gibson T. Shepherd's Quay Grey J. Camden-street Grey J. 91, Howard-street Grey W. 30, Sidney-street Green Dorothy, Linskill-st Green T. Lin skill-street Guildford G. Newcastle-st Hall G. Church-street Hall Matthew, Northumber-- land House, Stephenson- street Han sell E. Murton House Hansell E. 4, Lovaine-terraca Hay Ei chard, 48, Liddell-st Heaton T. Norfolk-street Hewson D. A. Spring-terrace Hewson S. Camp-terrace Hogg Edward, Linskill-st Humble J. Clive-street Irvin W. 21, Nile-sti-eet Jewitt A. LinskiU-sti-eet JobUng T. 28, Sidney-street John Sarah, 8, Walker-pl Johnson G. 23, Dockwray-sq Kelso J. E. Camp terrace Lacy E. E. 47, Nile-street Laing C. Walker-place Laing J. Walker-place Laing E. Eosella-place LessUe A. H. 6, Cecil-street 518 CASTLE WARD — EAST DIVISION. Blaip(ymiers—Co7iUnu€d. Lesslie L. Lin skill-street Lesslie — and merchant Lesslie J.Clive-street; house, Loraine-terrace Lishman Annahella, 16, Spring-terrace Lodge Gr. 4*2, Church-way McDonald Elizabeth, 22, Spring-terrace McKellop E. South-street Mease S. & Son, Tyne-street Meldrura J. Northumhrld-st Metcalfe T. Xorthnmbrld-sq Metcalfe G. Noilhumhrld sq MichaelJ. 27, Hutchinson's- baildings, Toll-square Miller D. 113, Bedford-st Miller E. Sidney-street Mitchell ^y. 43, Percy- street Moore W. 3, Sadler's Bed- ford-terrace Morrison & Fawcus, Lime- kiln Shore Oliver E. King-street Ord T. Linskill-street Pai'k G. 38, Percy-street Peacock J. 64, Church-street Peake J. Percy-street Perry J. 23, Hutchinson's- huildings, Toll- square Pigg J. N. 3, Spring-teiTace Pow & Fawcus, Bell-street Purvis G-. B. Tyne-street EeayW. 13, Dockwray-square Pteliind J. Howard-street Eichardson J. Kutchinson's- huildiugs, Toll-square EichmondW. 37, Dockwray- • square Eohinson J". 55, Howard-st Eohinson T. 3, Nelson-street Eowntree J. & Co. Clive-st Scott A. Waterville-terrace Scott J. 11, Spring-terrace Sharp A. 54, Howard-street Shotton G. Northumhrld-sq Simpson G. Howard- street Sims J. 19, Nile-street Skipsey Gr. George-street Skipsey G. junr. Nile-street Smith T. &W. Noilh Shields and St. Peter's Dock Stephens Y\'. Camden-street Stewart E. 6, East Percy-st Storer Mary, 5,Wel]ington-st Straker J. Eosella-place Strong A. 1, Newcastle-st Swan E. K. 35, Clive-street Swan E. 35, Clive-street Taylor E. & Co. 10, Tyne-st Thompson E. 53, Percy-st Thornhorrow J. Saville-st T^\'izell J. & Son, 51 & 52, Clive-st. & 6, Tyne-sti^eet TjTiemouthT.CoUingwood-st Wait J. 8, Dockwray-square Wascoe Gr. Bell-street Wheatley H. Dockwray-sq Wheatley J. Northumber- land-square Wheatley W. Dockwray-sq White .J. 5, Spring-terrace Wright Christiana Wakefield, South Preston Wright EUzabeth, King-st Wright J. 96, Church-way Young E. 5, Northumber- land-square Young P. 95, Church-way Young T. & Son, LiddeU-st. and South Shields SMpwrightg Moralee J. Limekiln Shore Penman H. ^^Tiitehill Point Eamshaw Eobert, Skipsey's- Quay Stewart D. Low Lights Stewart E. Low Lights Storey E. Crane Wharf, Bell- street Slaters McKay W. Lin skill- sti'eet Dixon W^ George-street Smiths Marked * are also Bell Hangers. „ t are also Ship Smiths, Black J. Beacon-street t Black J. Union-road iClouston J. M. Limekiln Shore fCoates P. Liddell-street +Conley J. Duke-street Davidson George, Monk- seaton Davidson Eobert, Preston Dixon B. Tyne-street i-Dixon E. Dotwick-street *Doxford M. Bell-street Dunn Lewis, Murtou *+Ellis J. & Co. Bell-street *tEenwick T. Low Lights Ford E. Limekiln Shore Gallon P. CoUingwood-street Graham J. Eopery-bank tHeaton T. LiddeU-street Hutchinson T. Union-lane * Hunter E. Eopery-bank +Low H. T. Dotwick-street Lowes G. Preston Moralee J. Limekiln Shore Pow and Fawcus, Bell-street, Eeed-street, and Bull-iing Eeay E. & Son, Limekiln Shore *+EowlandE.LimekilnShore +Tyzack, Whi^eley, ctCo.Bell- street and Low Lights Walker, Brothers, Colhng- wood-street Weatherhead G.Elder's Quay Wigham W. Bedford-street Solicitors Barker & Fen wick, and county magistrates' clerks, Nor- folk-street Barker E. Norfolk-street Cotton J. L. Norfolk-street Dale S. J. & Henry, & clerks to the borough magistrates, 44, Dockwray-square Fenwick J. W, 6, Tyne-street Fenwick &Mayson,Norfolk-st Ingledew & Daggett, Tyne- street and at Newcastle Kidd E. junior, 6, Linskill- street Laws C. U. New Quay and at Newcastle Lietch & Kewney, 31, How- ard-street Lowrey G.F. 35, Tyne-street Medcalf E. Saville -street Eeed T. Dockwray-square Tinley J. & J. T. B. Beacon- Wheldon E. & T. E. Norfolk- street Stay and Corset Makers Mullin Thomasina, Albion-st O'Connell J. 21, Union-st Steamboat Owners Bengali W. Whitehill Point Brown Andrew, Bull-ring Brown G. New Quay Chambers W. 22, Camden-st Chisholm A, Elder's Quay 1 BOEOUGH OF TYNEMOUTH CLASSIFIED DIEECTORY. 519 Steamboat O-vmevs—Contimced Chisholm S, Clive-street Chisbolm S.sen.Elders Quay Chisholm E. Elder's Quay Cooper J. South-street Cowpertbwaite J. South-st Crossthwaite J. 99, Bedford-st Dial Jonas, South-street Fhnn E. Percy-street Foster W. H. South-street Gibson W. 30, Camden-st Hall Joseph, Tvnemoutli HaU W. Whitehill Point HaiTison W. Coble-dean Hunter Gr. Eopery-bauk Lamb W. Kopery-bank Laws Anthony, South-street Lawson J. R. South-street Legg Sarah, West-street Lee R. New-row Liddell J. Shepherd's Quay Mattison W. Stephenson-st Minto W. Pit-row Mould N. Bell- street Oswald J. Coble-dean Oxley J. Lin skill-street Pearson B. West-street Pearson E. 1, South-street, Milburn-place Piatt J. 33, Percy-street Renwick D. 24, North- street Scott E. 7, Little Bedford-st Stephenson G. near Wood- bine Cottage Strong R. Duke-street Strong A. South-street Taws W. Camden-street Tweedy Jacob, North-street Verdy T. Ropery-bank Wallace G. Sidney-street Wardroper — , Chancery row Watson J. Nelson street Wherrier Gr. South-street Straw Bonnet Makers Black Eliz. Church-street Dixon }ane,UpperPear3on-st Dowsland Dorothy, Camden lane Elliott Alice, Dotwick-street Huggup Isabella, G-eorge-st McPherson Mary, 12, Toll- square Shield A. & A. Dotwick-st Smith EHzabeth, North-st Sopwith Margt.l3,Linskill-st Young Ann, i7,. Church-st Svirgeons See also Physicians. Bramwell J. B. Dockwray-sq Bramwell W. 5, Dockwray-sq Bourne W. M, D. Howard-st Coward H. 19, Howard-street Cunningham L. Tynemouth Emmerson W. Howard-st Fenwick S. M.D. 7, Dock- wray-square & Church-st Hart W. 43, Camden-street Huntley G. H. East HoT>fden Knox David, The Allotment Marr M. Clive-street Ornsby R. 0. 46, Liddell-st Owen J. R. Northumberland- square Stephens T., 81, Dockwray-sq Taylor V/. Union-street Turnbull Thos. J. 19, West Percy- street Wrixon John, 1, Tynemouth- place, Tynemouth Surgeon Dentists Hudson & Co. 4, Camden-st Nightingale C. East Percy-st Surveyors— Ship Arthur E. R. Bedford-street Dry den G. 3, Northiimber- land-square English H. 5, Sidney-street Fenwick Thomas, iDorough, Union-street Hornsby G. building, 74, Upper Ste|)henson-street Johnson W. Bell-street Peart R. Howard- street Pickering & Anderson, Bell-st Piatt J. 33, Percy-street Popplewell M. Lloyd's, Railway-terrace Pretious S. Lloyd's, Rail- way-terrace Stephens W. Camden-street Tailors See also Brapers — Woollen and also Outfitters Marked * are also DrajDcrs „ t are also Outlitters Anderson F. E. Chve-street Angus W. 8, Camden-street Armstrong R. 07, Church-way Archer G. Russell-street Baker R. 72, Church-way Bell E. Camden-street +*Brown A. 40, Duke-street, and Collingwood-street •hCampbell R. & Sons,Market- place. South Shields Campbell W. 26, Camden-st Cowey P. Tynemouth Davidson M. North-street Dawson J. Albion-street Foster J. 50, Percy-street Fothergill G. Tyne-street Frost J. Clive-st. & Tyne-st Garrard J. M. 58, Bedford- street i Graham E. 4, Liddell-street Hedley J. Stephenson-street Hedley R. 21, Camden-lane Henderson John J. Clive-st Heslop G. Camden-street Hogarth W. 65, Church-st Johnson T. Norfolk-street Kay D. Duke-street *Lilley T. 16, Linskill-street Logan J. 74, Norfolk-street Middleton J. North-street Moffoot A. & Son, Norfolk- street +Morrison T. W. Tyne-street Nesbitt J. 0, Bedford-street Noble W. 65, Bedford-street Oliver W. 18, Beacon-street Patton J. T. 56, Camden-st Paul J. 13, Queen-street Pearson B. West- street Robinson T. Norfolk-street Rodgers C. Stephenson-st i-Rowntree J. 34, Clive-street Scorner Edmund, Church-st Simpson H. Nile-street Slevin Bernard, Liddell st Spence J. F. & J. Howard-st f Stewart J. 18, Clive-street Venteman T.D. 3,Charlotte-st Wardle R. Tynemouth Warner G. Bull-ring * Watson R. 47 and 52, Cam- den-sti'eet Wilkie J. Linskill-street Tallow Chandlers Alexander J, Knott's-Iane, Tyne-street Baynes J. & Co. 5, Bedford-st Eliiott W. CoHingwood-st Pui-vis I. Camden-sti'eet Yickersou W. F, 41, Olive st 520 CASTLE WAilD— EAST DIYISTON. Timber Merchants Hall & Fell, steam sawmill, Hudson-street Lyall Gr. T3T3e-sti'eet Eobson J. & M. 81, Church- way Speiice K. Bedford-street and Saville-street Storey E. Low Lights Tin & Iron Plate Workers and Braziers Atkinson John, Union-street Ascough Gr. 86, Stephenson-st Brown & Butterly, 6, Nor- folk-street Brown W. 16, Saville-street Cummings J. 23, Tyne-street Horton T. Dotwick-street Hey R. 61, Clive-street Matthews Thos. Liddell-st Miller Charles, 58, Clive-st Stephenson W. H. Bolton's- yard, Tyne-street Stoker T. 21, Clive-street Todd E. Bull-ring Twizell Jno. & Son, 6, Tjoie- st. and 51 & 52, Clive-st "Windas W. Chm-ch-way Tobacco and SumS Manufac- turers Briggs T. (tobacconist), 15, Tyne-street Bennison J. Clive-st and at Gateshead Spencer M. H. Clive-street, and at South Shields and Newcastle Toymen Eskdale J. Russell- street Guymer W. & Co. Chve-st Tripe Dressers Ballard F. Duke-street Hall J. & J. Clive-street Hall M. CHve-street Taylor J. 46, LmskiU-street Taylor J. Chve-street Upholsterers See also Cabinet Makers,and Cabinet Makers <& Joiners Mowat J. East Stephenson-st Renton D. and paper-hanger, 69, Camden-street Stewart J. Albion-street Veterinary Surgeons Dixon B. Knott's-ln. Tyne-st Gallon P. CoUing wood-street Wigham Yv'". Bedford-street "Watch & Clockmakers Marked * are algo Jewellers ♦Blackwood W. & J. T. 5, Tyne-street Brown W. 47, LiddeU-street Dickinson M. Chve-street Ellis R. 26, Duke-Street * Hurst E. Union-street KUngell C. 11, Sidney-street Rennison W. & Son, Tyne- street Snowdon J. 9, Stephenson-st "Windlass (Ship) Manufac- turers Pow & Fawcus, Bell-st Reed- street, and Bull-ring Tyzack, Whitely, & Co. Low Lights and Bell-street Walker, Brothers, Collin g- wood-street "Wine and Spirit Merchants Alhson W. H. & Co. Duke-st Atkinson J. Clive-street Bartleraan & Crighton, Bull- ring and Clive-street CampbeU R. & Sons, Market- place. South Shields Carr, Ormston, & Carr, Low Lights Clark W. N. & Co. 1, Wooden Bridge Davison & Son, Monkseaton Dunn W. Howard-strret Duffy P. and ale, Nile-street Faulkner J. B. Howden Harbutt T. 63, Bedford-st Liddell F. 4, Union-street Mathwin F. F. 63, Bell-st Purvis I. Camden-sti-eet Whittle J. L. Saville-street PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETIES, &c. Assembly Rooms, Norfolk-street, Messrs* Carr, Ormston, and Carr, proprietors. Assembly Rooms (Old), George Tavern, King-street, W. Coxon, proprietor. Baths anij Wash-houses (New), Saville- street, David Mather, superintendent Baths, Low Lights Bokough of Tyne mouth Gas Compaq? y ; works. Low Lights and Northumberland- street ; office, Bradford-street ; W. H. Atkinson, secretary. Coal Turn Night Office, New Quay ; John Armstrong, superintendent. Cricket Ground, Preston-lane. CoiUMERCiAL News Room, Tyne-street; G, L. Dobinson, secretary Coukty Court Office, Tyne-sti-eet ; judge, James Losh, Esq. ; clerk, Henry Ingledew, Esq. The court is held at the Town Hall, Saville-street; court days once a month Custom HougE, New Quay. — R. S. Kil- gour, collector ; James Turner, comiDtroUer and landing surveyor ; Stephen Rogers, Oswald Detchon, and William Turnbul!, clerks ; Wm. Rees, searcher; Colin Camp- bell and Wilham Wilkinson, lockers ; Jos. Windas, acting landing waiter ; Samuel Keys, William M. Smythe, and William Sawj'ers, tide surveyors; Benjamin Banks, acting tide surveyor, with 18 tide waiters^- and 12 boatmen. Tynemouth parish. 5-21 Dispensary, 44, Church-street.— Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; presidents, Wm. Linskill, Esq. and the Kev. Christopher Eeed, M.A. ; vice-presidents, Joseph Laing, Esq. Thomas Fenwick, Esq. and E.J. Col- lingwood, Esq. ; treasurers, the Union Joint Stock Banking Company; honorary secre- tary, John W. Mayson, Esq. ; medical officers, Mr. Bramwell, M.R.C.S.L. Mr. Stephens, M.R.C.S.L. Mr.Oweu, M.R.C.S.L. Dr. Bramwell, M.R.C.S.L. and Dr. Bourne; apothecary, William Mayson. Engine House, Norfolk-street. — B.. Mit- chell, superintendent. EiSH Maeket, New Quay. Eeiends' Burial Ground, Stephenson- street Good Design Association for the Belief of Shipt;vtiecked Mariners. — Office, King-street ; John Frazer, secretary. Guardian Meeting Room, And Super- intendent Registrars's Office, Saville- street. — Samuel Tibbs, superintendent registrar. Harbour Master and Water Bailiff's Office, Bell-street. — Wm. Wake, master and bailiff. High Light House, Dockwray-square, E. Day, keeper. Inland Revenue Office, Saville-street. Local Marine Board of the Port of Shields. — The Mayor of Tynemouth and the Mayor of South Shields, ex-officio. Nominees of the hoard of trade, Robert Ingham, M.P. Robert Anderson, Esq. and Thomas Barker, Esq. Elected by the ship- owners, Robert Cleugh, John Dryden, Peter Dale, (jreorge Johnson, Solomon Mease, and John Robinson. Secretary, Thomas Carr Lietch, Esq. Examination in naviga- tion and seamanship, the same as at New- castle; examination days the 10th of each month. Shipping master. North Shields, George Shotton ; deputy-shipping master, W. F. Pilter ; office, New Quay Lloyds Surveyors Office, Railway-ter. • — Messrs. Popplewell and Pre ties, sur- veyors. Low Light House, Land-end, Low Lights. — F. A. Pattisson, keeper. Master Mariners' Asylum Office, 42, Dockwray-square. Merchant Seamen's Pension Office, West Percy-street. Merchant Seamen's Office, Custom House. — John J. Smith, registrar, and as- sistant tide siu-veyor. S I ^ Museum, Norfolk-street. — Open on Mon- days, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Newcastle & Shields Steamboat Passage Office, New Quay. — Boats leave ten or twelve times daily. North Shields & Tynemouth Generai. Cemetery, Neweastle-road. — J. Raine, sexton. Police Office, Town Hall, Saville- street. — Robert Mitchell, superintendent. Post Office, 15, Camden-street. — John Hume, post-master; receiving houses. Bull- ring, Tyne -street, and Russell-street. Railway STATioN,Little Bedford -street. — J. Spence manager of the traffic depart- ment, J. Pyle manager of passenger depart- ment. Trains pass ten or twelve times daily for Tynemouth and Newcastle. Relieving Office, for the district of Tynemouth, Howard-street. — A. Robson, officer. Relieving Office, for the district of North Shields, New Quay. — J. England, officer. River Police Station, Ram shay's Quay, John Stephens, superintendent. Henry Freshwater and William Reed, inspectors. Seamens Loyal Standard Association; office, Hudson-street. — G James, secretary. Sheriff's Officer for Northumber- land. — WiUiam Morrison, Saville-street. Shipping Office, New Quay. — G. Shot- ton, master. Shipwrecked Fishermen's &Mariner's Society, Nile-street. — R. Turnbull. agent. Soup Kitchen, Wellington-street. Spanish Battery, Coast Guard Station, Tyne Haven, Tynemouth. Stamp Office, Tyne-street. — John Phihpson, sub-distributor. Steam Tug Company, New Quay. — G. Brown, agent. Surveyors Office (Borough), Union- street. — Thomas Fenwick, surveyor. Temperance Hall, or Athen^um, Norfolk-street. Theatre Royal, Union-street. — Samuel Roxby, lessee and manager. Tide Surveyor's Office, Low Lights. Town Clerk's Office, 31, Howard- street. — Thomas Carr Lietch, Esq. town- clerk. Town Hall, Saville-street. Registrar's Office, Saville-street. — Joseph Anderson, registrar. Tradesmen and Mechanics' Library, Tyne-street. 592 CASTLE WARD— EAST DIVISION. Teixity Almshouses, Beacon-street. Tyxemouth BATHSjPrior's Haven, Tyne- mouth. Tyne News Eoom, 42, Dockwraj^- square. — G. Kobson, Secretary Tynemouth Light House, Barrack- yard, Tynemouth. — S. Wesencroft, keeper. Tynemouth Literary & Philosophical Society, Howard-street, North Shields. — open every day, Sundays excepted, from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 6 to 10 p.m. Patron,His Grace the Duke of Northumber- land ; vice-patrons, Islatthew Bell, Esq. and Saville Ogle, Esq.; vice-presidents, John Eenwick, Esq. Preston villa, and J. H. Eryer, Esq. ; secretary, J. P. Dodd, L.L.D.; treasurer, Eobert Spence, Esq.; librarian, John Eobson. Union (Tynemouth) Workhouse, Pres- ton-lane. — Chairman, John Tinley, Esq. ; vice-chairman, Cuthbert Hunter, Esq. ; Master, John Johnson ; matron, Hannah Johnson; surgeon, John R. Owen; clerk, Samuel James Tibbs; schoolmistress. Mary Linwood ; porter, Moses Dixon. Carriers to the following Places Alnwick. — E-. Dalrympie, from the Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge, on Tuesdays. Bedlington. — George Eenwick, from the Golden Lion, Church-way, on Thm-sdays. 5Z?/^7i.— Walter Best, from the Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge, on Thursdays ; and William Bell, from the same place, on the same day. Glanton. — E. Dah-ymple, from the Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge, on Tuesdays. Hartleij. — Edward Brady, from the Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge ; and John Smith, from the Golden Lion, Church- way, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Longhorsley. — WiUiam Bell, from the Golden Lion, Church-way, on Tuesdays. Longhoughton. — E. Dalrymple, from the Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge, on Tuesdays. Mitfordand Neiglibouxliood. — Jas. Hogg, from the Golden Lion, Church-way, on Thursdays. Rothhury. — Mark Ormston, from the Golden Lion, Church-way, on Tuesdays. Seaton Delaval. — George Eenwick, from the Golden Lion, on Thursdays. Seaton Stuice. — Edward Brady, from the Three Tuns, Wooden Bridge, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Ferries to South Shields every five minutes, from the New Quay. Chirton is a townships and village in Tynemouth parisli. The township contains 1^730 acres, of which the rateable value is £13,189 9s. 2d., and the number of its inhabitants in 1801 was 1,152 ; in 1811, 3,116; in 1821, 4,351 ; in 1831, 4,973 ; in 184], 4,360 ; and in 1851, in consequence of the cessation of work at some of the colleries, it had decreased to 3960 souls. The principal landowners are the Duke of Northumberland, Thomas Barker, Esq., Edward John Collingwood, Esq., H. de Cardonnel Lawson, Esq., Ralph Robnson, Esq.^ and John Eobson, Esq. Hopewell Collierj, worked by Mrs. Jane Hope and Son, is the only one at present working in the townsliip. "What is called Shields, consists of a great part of this townshp. The Yillaqe of Chirton is situated on the high road, one mile west of North Shields. West Chirton House, the seat of John Robson, Esq., is a neat brick edifice, suiTounded with a fine plantation. Billy Mill, and Mooe Houses, are two hamlets in this township, situated respectively two miles N.N.W., and one mile and three-quarters north-west of Shields. For Directory, see Borough of Tynemouth. CuLLERCOATs is a township and village included in the borough of Tyne- mouth, with which its ai'ea is returned. Its population in 1801, was 452 ; in 1811, 454; in 1821, 536; in 1831, 542; in 1841, 738 ; and in 1851, 695 souls. The rateable value of the township is £900. The Village of TYNEM0I3TH PARISH. 523 CuHercoats is situated one mile and a half north of Tynemouth, and was formerly a place of some trade, but is now inhabited chiefly by fishermen. It contains several public houses, a Methodist Chapel, and a number of good private residences. The Infant School is a neat stone building, erected in 1850, at a cost of about £400. It is supported by subscriptions, and has an average attendance of 140 pupils. It is conducted by Mr. William Douglass, and two female assistants. Post Office, Cullercoats. — Thomas G. Crawford, Postmaster. — Letters arrive at 9-30 a.m., and are despatched at 3-15 p.m. — On Sundays a despatch at 3 p.m. Armstrong Nicholas, master mariner and shipowner Arthm: "UllHam, baker Bailey Henry, vict. and butcher, Newcastle Arms Bailey James, joiner and cartwright Bailey Thomas, boot and shoemaker Bell Thomas, grocer and farmer Brown John, draper and grocer Bnllock William, butcher Carr George, fisherman Clayton Miss Anne Crawford Thomas C. assistant overseer for Whitley, Preston, and Cullercoats, and commission and insurance agent, office, 13, Norfolk-street, North Shields Dickson John, farmer Dickson Peter, master mariner Douglass William, schoolmaster Fenwick George John, Esq. Cliff House Greenwell D. S. master mariner Greenwell Mrs. Mary Henderson Archibald, vict. Ship Inn, Hodgson George, Esq. Garden House Hunter Taylor S. builder, contractor, grocer, and commission agent Mitchell Mrs. Ehzabeth Moffott Thomas, merchant tailor Moffott William, schoolmaster Pratt John, vict. Ship Inn Eobson John, contractor Ptobson Mr. Thomas Taylor John, joiner and cabinet maker Thoburn Henry, boot and shoemaker Thompson Wm. vict. Queen's Head Yarley Henry, grocer and beer retailer draper Board and Lodging House Keepers Alexander Elizabeth Alexander Mary Morrell Thomas Nixon William Eennison William Taylor Margery Pratt John MoNKSEATON is a township and village in Tynemouth parish, containing 1,087 acres, the rateable value of v/hich is £3,598 9s. 6d. The principal proprietors are the Duke of Northumberland, who is lord of the manor, WilHam Davison and Son, William Linskill, Esq., John Moor, Esq., Robert Hansen, Esq., H. B. Gay, Esq., Mr. Briggs, and others. The Village of Monkseaton is situated three miles north by west of North Shields. It contains a small Methodist Chapel, several pubhc houses, and an extensive brewery. This township includes an allotment of Shire Moor. Arthur Ann, vict. Ship Inn Davidson George, blacksmith, cartwright, and agricultural implement maker Davison William & Son, brewers, malsiers and spirit merchants Davison Thomas D. brewer, &c. (W. Davi- son & Son) ; ho. Monkseaton Davison Wihiam, brewer, &c. (JSY. Davison and Son) ; ho Monkseaton Blacklock Mr. William Dunn Joseph, butcher Dunn Maria, shopkeeper House Stephen, boot and shoemaker Lowery Margaret, vict. Horse Shoes Moore Mr. John Nicholson George, grocer and boot and shoemaker Nixon Mr. John Tweddell Wm. vict. Lamb Inn. Shire Moor Eeed Thomas, millwright, Shire Moor Hill-top Reed Wm. millwrigutj Sliire Moor Hill-top 524 CASTLE WAED — EAST DIVISION. Farirers Aynsley Feuwick, Seaton Villa Davison Henry Davison William and Son Bell Thomas, Shire Moor Dunn Joseph Fen wick Joseph & William, Eake House Moor John, Eed House Nicholson John Pye Eobert, Burnt House Thompson Thomas, Hill Head Wright Percival MuRTON OR MooRTOWN IS a township and village, comprising an area of 443 acres, the property of Robert Hansell and Sons, Solomon Mease, Esq., Tlios. Drjsden, Esq., Messrs. Wilson and Crawford, and Edward J. CoUingwood, Esq. The number of its inhabitants in 180], was 496; in 1811,615; in 1821, 656; in 1831, 451; in 1841, 438 ; in 1851, 481 souls. The rateable value of the township is £1,380, Half the freehold tithes are the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and the other half belongs to the proprietors of Backworth Colliery. The Village of Murton is situated three miles north-west from Shields. Mueton House, the seat of Robert Hansell, Esq., is a good stone building, situated amidst gardens and planta- tions. The Village of Nev/ York is included in this township. Philadelphia, a small colliery village, is built on an allotment of Shire Moor, not assigned to auy township. Its area is included in that of North Shields. Its population in 1841, was 65 ; and in 1851, 18 souls. Dunn Lewis, vict. and hlacksmith, Travel- ler's Best Harhottle Joseph, joiner and cartwright, New York Harhottle William, platelayer on the Bur- radon Branch ; ho. New York Mason Luke, grocer, New York Miller John, grocer Prudhoe Kohert E. gardener and grocer Tilburn Wm. vict. and butcher, Bun Cow New York Todd Peter, vict. Rohin Hood Wakenshaw Mark, vict. Plough Inn Wright Wm. vict. Wheat Sheaf, New York Farmers Hansell Eohert and Murton House Sons, Gibson Samuel Holmes Wilham Stoddart Eichard Stoker John, New York Turnbull Wilham Preston is a township and village in the parish of Tynemouth. Its area is 642 acres, and its population in 1801, was 431; in 1811, 445; in 182J, 627; in 1831, 765; in 1841, 919; and it had increased in 1851, to 983 souls. This township contains several handsome residences, and its rateable value is £4,643. The Village of Preston is situated about one mile north of North Shields, to which place it extends, and with which its Directory is included. Whitley, a township and village in the parish of Tynemouth, contains 531 acres of land, of which the rateable value is £2,540. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 251 ; in 1811, 375; in J821, 554; in 1831, 632; in 1841, 749; and in 1851, in consequence of the cessation of work at the collieries, it had decreased to 431 souls. This township was formerly held of the Priory of Tynemouth, but of its fate after the dissolution of the religious houses, httle is known. The Village of Whitley is situated near the sea, two and a half miles north-east of North Shields. In the immediate vicinity is a reservoir belonging to the North Shields Water Works Company. WALLSEND PARISH. 525 The tithes of a part of Whitley, were commuted in 1840 ; aggregate amount, £128. The register, commences in 1764. Whitley Hall, the seat of Mrs. Lydia Green, is a good brick edifice, situated in the centre of the village. W^hitley House, is a fine stone mansion, the seat of John HarrisQu Fryer, Esq. Whitley Park, at present unoccupied, is a com- modious structure, surrounded by fine grounds, and is situated a little to the north of the village. Post Office Whitley, John Harper, postmaster. — Letters arrive, at 10 a.m. and are despatched at 3-30 p.m. Bell George, lime burner Blair Ann, shopkeeper Brown Henry, shipowner, Mardon House Callbirth Mr. William Charlton Thomas, blacksmith Elliott John, vict. Ship Inn Fenwick Mr. John Forrest Wilham, shopkeeper, Hotspur-pl Fryer John Harrison, Esq. Whitley House Garnett John, vict. and cartwright, Quarry Inn Green Mrs. Lydia, Whitley Hall Harper John, grocer and postmaster Henzell Miss Maiy Maven John, gardener Naters Mrs. Dorothy Ogle Edward, vict. Whitley Park Inn Short William, shopkeeper, Hotsj)ur-place Steele Mrs. Margaret Taylor John, agent, Whitley Quarry Smith Robert, vict. Fat Ox Inn Williamson John, vict. Blue Bell, Hotspur-pl Fanners Dunn Henry Grey John, Mardon Farm Gibson James ; housej North Shields Moore George Nicholson Henry Eennoldson William Scott Thomas Thompson Eobert Thompson Thomas WALLSEND PARISH. Wallsend parish comprises the townships of Howden Pans, WaUsend and Willington, whose united area amounts to 9,787 acres. It is hounded on the north and west hy Long Benton parish, on the south, by the river Tyne, and on the east by the parish of Tynemouth. The population in 1801, was 3,190; in 1811, 3,584; in 1821, 5,103; in 1831, 5,510; in 1841, 4,758; and in 1851, 5,721 souls. This parish stretches along the north hank of the Tyne, and is intersected by the Newcastle and North Shields Railway. Extensive coal mines exist in the neighbourhood, and the place formerly gave its name to an excellent variety of coal, but now the designation " Wallsend" is applied to all coal which passes over a sieve, whose meshes are five- eights of an inch asunder, without falling through. Howden Pans is a township and village in the above parish, the property of the River Tyne Commissioners, and John Brunton Falconer, Esq. The area, &c. of the township are included in the parish returns, and the rateable value is £1,412. The population in 1841, was 1,296 ; and in 1851, 1,276 souls. This township was noted in the 16th and 17th centuries for its ex- tensive glass works, and afterwards for its numerous salt pans, but its princi- pal support is now derived from the coal trade, large quantities being shipped for the metropolis and other places. During the American war, several *' India- 526 CASTLE WAED— EAST DIVISION. men" and frigates were built here. At present, the docks are chiefly used for building and repairing vessels employed in the coal trade. Here is a lai'ge brewery which is carried on by John B. Falconer, Esq., and also an extensive covered ropery. The Village of Howden Pans is situated on the Tyne, about five miles east by north of Newcastle. Here is an Independent Chapel, erected in 1845, at a cost of £400. It is a neat edifice, and possesses ample accommodation for 300 persons. Rev. William Stead, minister. The Primitive and Wesley an Methodists have also chapels here. The Noethumberland Dock, now in course of construction, will be formed by a straight river wall, running from Hayhole-point, to near Howden. The tidal basin will be two and a half acres in extent, and will contain about twenty feet of water during neap tides. The approach is particularly favourable, a bend of the river, leading to the entrance, while the position is admirably chosen to meet the requirements of coal shipping. Enormous quantities of coal are shipped at this immediate locality of the Tyne, amounting to a million and a quarter tons during the past year. This dock, when completed, win be capable of receiving the largest man of war, and a vessel like the " Duke of AVellington," may come into it and take her coals in. It will, be sufficiently capacious to receive 600 vessels at one time, and will be the largest colliery dock ever constracted. The estimated total cost is near £160,000, which is to be raised by the River Commissioners, upon the security of the revenue to be derived from the dock. The contract was taken in August, 1853, by Mr. David Thornbury, a gentleman, who has been ex- tensively engaged in constructing docks and sluices in the eastern counties. The coffer-dam was commenced in August 1 853, and finished in April, 1854, and so perfect was its construction, that the contractor was able to set his excavators to work wdthin a week. The foundation stone, of the mason work, was laid on the 12th September, 1854, and tht, docks are expected to be completed in about three years, from the commencement of the works. Mr. W. A. Brooks, is acting engineer, for the dock ; Mr. Plews, of London, consulting engineer, for the River Commission ; and Mr. Brooks, junior, resident engineer. Post Ofpice, Howden Pans, Lnlce Eeay, Postmaster. — Letter arrive, frora Newcastle, at 9-30, a.m. and are despatched thereto at 3-45 p.m. Fors'ter Edw. grocer and draper Kennedy David, joiner Koott John, butcher Minikin William, tailor Moffit William, surgeon Mordue Jane, grocer Morton James, pilot Plues Eobert, confectioner Eeay Luke, agent for the Hope, Life and Guarantee Association Eobinson Daniel, schoolmaster; ho. Willing- ton Quay Eobinson Eobert, butcher Eobson Matthew, grocer & druggist Atkinson Thos. plumber & brazier Barker Alfred, cabinet maker Barras Alex. Dock House, Howden Bell William, grocer, Davidson Thos. block manufacturer, and mast maker ; ho. Howden Dock Dodds John, butcher Elliott Eobt. grocer and spirit merchant English Abraham, butcher Ealconer John Brunton, Esq. brewer, malster and spirit merchant, Howden Brewery; ho. Picton House, Newcastle Farley Thos. marine store dealer Forest Andrew, boot and shoemaker 1 WALLSEND PABISH. 537 Wilson Charles, master mariner Wilson Henry, grocer and shipowner Yonng Thos, shipbuilder; ho. Howard-st North Shields Innkeepers Black Bull, Jane Brown Globe, Henry Eichardson Half Moon, James Twizell Queen'' s Head, William Scott Ship, Sarah Eidley Shi'pwrighV s Arms, Elizabeth Hudson Waggon, John Cook Eutter John, blacksmith Salkeld Jos. sailmaker, Howden Dock; ho. Chapel-street Smith Jonathan, grocer, Smith Eobt. boot and shoemaker Stead Eev. William (Independent) Stonebeck Mrs. Ehzabeth Strachan Allan, pilot Thompson John, draper TumbuU Thos. timber merchant Watson Joseph, block manufacturer; ho. Wilhngton Quay Weatherley John, master mariner Weir Wm. joiner and cartwright Wallsend is a to\Ynship and village in the parish of the same name, the property of the Dean and Chapter of Durham. The area of the township is included in the parish returns, and the rateahle value is £6,287. The popu- lation in 1841, was 1,988, and in 1851, 3,161 souls. Wallsend is said to have derived its name from its position at the eastern extremity of the great Roman wall, w^hich, commencing at the Sol way Frith, terminated in a field a short distance to the east of the site now occupied by Carville House. For a detailed description of this wall, with its stations, &c., see the article " Roman Remains," page 23. From the ruins of a quay, which have been distinctly traced, it is supposed by many that the Romans had a trading colliery here, and below Carville, where the Roman vessels discharged and and received their cargoes sixteen hundred years ago, large fleets of " colliers " are now constantly loading Avith coals, which are brought by railways from the neighbourhood of Gosforth, to the staiths upon the river's banks. In 1814, as some workmen were forming Fawdon Staith, at this place they discovered a quantity of Roman masonry and coins, a little above high water mark, and also a very curious cauldron for heating water. There are extensive lime- kilns in this township, the property of Mr. Joseph Mordue. Wallsend col- lieiy was opened in 1777, and has been the scene of many dreadful accidents. A fearful explosion took place here in October, 1821, when fifty-two human beings were hurried into eternity. Another explosion occurred in June 1835, on w^hich occasion twenty-six men and seventy-five boys lost their lives. The Village of Wallsend is pleasantly situated, about three and a-haK miles E.N.E. from Newcastle. It is large and well built, contains several superior houses, and has a spacious green in the centre. Tbe Church dedicated to St. Peter, was erected in 1809, at an expense of about .^5,000, on the site of the ancient church, which had become much dilapidated. The parish register commences in 1669, The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Newcastle, is returned at £289. The tithes were commuted in 1839, aggregate amount £69. 10s. 2d. due to the curate, and £193 to the prebendary of the seventh canon of the Cathedral Church of Durham. Patrons the Dean and Chapter of Durham ; incumbent the Rev. John Armstrong. The Parsonage House, a neat stone edifice, erected in 1853, is situated near the church. 5 '^8 CASTLE WARD— EAST DIVISION. This township contains a Presbyterian Chapel, a Primitive Methodist Chapel, and two places of worship belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists. The Parochial School adjoins the church. It is a good stone building erected in 1853, at a cost of £200, and possesses ample accommodation for 180 children. Isabella- Shaw, teacher. Carvile House, the seat of Charles Rayne, Esq., occupies a commanding situation on the north bank of the Tyne. Post Office, Wallsend, Tyzack Miller, postmaste7\ Letters arrive, from. Newcastle, at 9-30 a.m, and are despatched thereto at 9 p.m. Adam Charles, acadeiny Aitchinson James, sm'geon Allen Jno. & Wm. manufacturing chemists Archbold Wm. & Co. colliery owners, Walls- end colliery- Armstrong Eev. John, vicar, Vicarage Atkinson John, under viewer Bainbridge William, Esq. barrister Brooks John, shipowner Brown Leonard, marine store dealer Carr John & Co. coke burners, Wallsend Quay Clarke George, colliery owner Coatsworth George, master mariner Cook Mr. Thomas Cook Thomas, alkali manufacturer CrumHe James, grocer, ship chandler, and marine store dealer, Wallsend Quay Enghsh John, butcher Fenwick Thomas, agent Forster Benj. grocer, and registrar of births and deaths for Wallsend district Gair William, ropemaker Gray Wm. John, ship owner and insurance broker Grey Thos. blacksmith, and agricultural implement maker Gallon Kobt. joiner, cartwright, & builder Hall William W. tailor Harbitt Joseph, butcher Hann Eobert, gTocer Hedderley Wm. brazier & tin plate worker Hedley Matthew, schoolmaster Henderson John, tailor Hutchinson Ralph, ship smith, Wallsend Quay Jameson William, agent Johnson Mrs. Eleanor Losh William, Esq. Poitit Pleasant Milne Charles, druggist and grocer Moon Robert, gardener Moore Edward, grocer Mordue Joseph, vict. Davy Inn, brick and tile maker, and lime burner, Wallsend Quay and farmer, Wallsend Murray Matthew, draper Nelson Edward, agent Nelson John, shipowner Pauling Alexander, shopkeeper Rayne Charles, Esq. Carville House Reay John, farmer and colliery agent Ridley Wilkinson, grocer and draper Ross Isabella, draper Turner John, butcher Shaw Wardle, joiner and cartwright, near Wallsend Church Smith John, joiner, builder, and shovel manufacturer Steward Mary, general dealer, Wallsend Quay Summerson George, shopkeeper Swan Wm. E. solicitor and farmer Wanless Thomas, grocer Wilkinson John, shopkeeper Innkeepers Bee Hive, William Graham Coach & Horses Joseph Atkinson Crane House, Stephen Southern Davy Inn, Joseph Mordue Duke of York, James Knox Greenland Fishery, George Soulsby Horse (& Hounds, ^V^.ohert Arthur Jolhj Sailors, Elizaheth Telford Rohin Hood, James Heads Ship, Mark Brown Ship, WiUiam Hamilton Shoulder of Mutton, Henry Middleton Farmers Brewis Eobert Brown Martin Dodds Robert Moore Edward Mordue Joseph Eayne Charles Reay John Swan William E. n ■'"''"^""WALLSEND PAEISH. ' 5k 9 WiLLiXGTON, a toTvnsliip and village in Wallsend*parisli, is the property of Captain Bigge, of Linden, and Messrs. Ord, Collingwood, and Dalton. The acreage of the township is returned with the parish, and the rateable value is £7,839. Population in 1841, 1,474 ; in 1851, 2,284 souls. Matthew Bell, Esq., possesses extensive collieries in this township, which afford employment to great numbers of colliers, &c. A melancholy explosion, attended with an extensive loss of life, occurred on Monday, April 19th, 1841, at the "Big Pit," belonging to Matthew Bell, Esq., situated about midway between Newcastle and North Shields, when thirty two individuals, were suddenly destroyed. How or where this awful disaster occurred must ever remain a matter of speculation. The solution put forward as the most probable, and as supported by concurrent testimony, was, that the whole was attributable to the neglect of a poor little boy, a trapper, who left one of the doors open, to play with two other boys close by. It is essential that these doors be shut, except at the very moment when the putter is passing, and in the present instance it was supposed that the boy propped open his door, that it remained thus for some time, and that the requisite ventilation was thereby prevented. The first intimation of danger was a tremendous noise, accom- panied by a dense cloud of smoke, issuing from the mouth of the shaft, and a violent shock in the neighbourhood, resembhng what might be supposed to proceed from an earthquake. As soon as the accident became known, the relatives of those who had been engaged in the pit crowded around the place, manifesting in every look and action, the most intense anxiety. Two men and a boy, employed at some distance in the east headway, were made sensible of their danger by the dust and wind which came upon them. Fortunately the after-damp was spent, and they reached the shaft in safety ; there they found that the stones and wood- work at the bottom were torn from their places and had fastened the cage, but, after much labour, they were rescued from their perilous position and conveyed to the top in safety. A body of workmen immediately descended the shaft, and laboured unremittingly, until they discovered the bodies of thirty-two of the sufferers. Three of these were alive when first discovered, but they shortly afterwards expired. Many of the bodies were in a sound state, indicating that their deaths had been caused by suffocation, but, in the majority of cases, they were mutilated, and presented a truly appalling sight. Some were so completely bruised and disfigured that their coffins had to be sent down into the pit, to prevent limb falling from limb, while being conveyed up the shaft. The Village of Willington occupies an eminence above the Tyne, four miles east by north of Newcastle. Wjllington Quay, in this township, is a very improving place, situated on the Tyne, four and a half miles east by north of Newcastle. Ship-building, both in wood and iron, is extensively carried on here, by Messrs. Coutts and Parkinson, and Messrs. Thomas Adamson & Sons. There is also a patent ropery, and several other works. Post Office, "Willington, George Nursay, Postmaster. — Letters are received tmce a day and despatched once. 530 CASTLE WAED — EAST DIVISION, Post Opfice, Willington Quay, Elizabeth Bainbridge, Postmistress.- at 9-30 a.m., and are despatched at 4 p.m. -Letters amve Adamson Thomas & Sons, shipbuilders and shipowners, Patent Slip yard, Willington Quay Adamson William, shipbuilder, &o. (T. Adamson & Sons): ho. Willington Quay Alder Kalph, grocer, ^ViUington Quay Alexander Anthony, beer retailer, Willing- ton Quay Anderson James, surgeon Eell Matthew & Co. coUiery owners, Wil- lington Colliery Bell Percival John, farmer. Colliery Farm Beck George, colliery engineer Carr.Jno. painter & glazier, Willington Quay Clark Christopher, under-"\iewer Claveriug George, butcher Colhngwood Edward, farmer, WestEarm Conway James, marine store dealei', Wil- • lington Quay Cook Thompson, blacksmith, Willington Quay Cooper Eobertj viewer, Willington Quay Coutts & Parkinson, iron shipbuilders, Wilhngton Quay Coutts John, Esq. Willington Lodge Cuthbertson George, blacksmith, Willing- ton Quay Cowell William, butcher Davidson John, grocer and draper, ^Yil- lington Quay Dixon George, grocer and provision dealer. High AVilHiigton Duxfield Geo. Eobson, farmer. North Earm Eenwick Piobert, painter and glazier, Wil- lington Quay Gascoigne Kobt. agent, Willington Colliery Gossage William Plerbert, smelting works, Willington Quay Harrison Jno. oYerman,WillingtonBig Pit Johnson John, mining engineer Johnson Mrs. Margaret Knott Matthew, grocer, Wilhngton Quay Ohver Eobt. beer retailer, Willington Quay Mather Wilhara, engineer, Willington Quay Morrison James, pilot and shipowner, Willington Quay Zslorrison John, pilot and shipowner, Wil- lington Quay IMorton Matthew, pilot, Wilhngton Quay Nursay George, postmaster and innkeeper, AA'illington Quay Ogilvie John C. artist, Willington Quay Patterson Eobert, academy Proctor Joseph, miller, Willington Mill Eichardson John, H. cashier, Willington ColHery Salkeld Henry, sailmaker, shipchandler, and agent, Willington Slipway; ho. Wil- lington Hill Tate James, butcher, Y\^illington Quay Turnbull Wm. shipwright, Willington Quay Watson Joseph, blockmaker, Willington Quaj^, and at Howden Y>'atson Eobert, grocer, Willington Quay Yv^eatherley Charles, colliery agent, Willing- ton House Weatherley Mr. John, Willington House Wilkinson WiUiam, grocer and draper, Wil- lington Quay Yarrow Hy. . beer retailer, WillingtonQuay l^oung John, pilot, Willington Quay Young Eichard, pilot, Willington Quay Inns and Public Houses j Albion, Peter Park, Wilhngton Quay I Albion, Ehzabeth Tulip, YVilhngton Quay ' Brown Coio, Samuel Armstrong, Willing- ton Quay Engine, Jane Wardle Coble, Joseph Stobbert, Willington Quay. Lord Byron, Eobt. Lamb, Willington Quay Neiccastle Arms, Jas. Tate, Willington Quay Northumberland Arms, Thomas Henderson Railway, Elizabeth Kai'dy Piose, Thomas Dobson Ship, Mai-tin Clark, Willington Quay Turk's Head, Dorothy Scott, Wilhngton Quay Ship Launch, George Nursay, Willington j Quay Vulcan, Mary Fowler, Wihington Quay Willington House, William Swan | Farmers Bell Percival John, Colliery Farm Chf rlton Geo. Wilhngton'Qy. Collingwood Edward, West Farm Davison Thomas, Low Wil- lington Duxfield George Eobson, North Farm Forster Wheatley Nixon William Ship Builders Adamson Thomas & Sons, Patent Shp Yard, Willing- ton Quay Coutts & Parkinson, iron, Willington Quay CASTLE WAED — WEST DIVISION DINNINGTON PARISH. DiNNiNGTON is a paxisli, comprising the townships of Brenkley, Dinning- ton, Horton Grange, Mason, Prestwick, and Woolsington. It comprises an area of 5,538 acres ; and its population in 1801, was 560 ; in 1811, 577 ; in 1821, 626; in 1831, 819; in 1841, 730; and in 1851, 668 souls. Din- nington was formerly a part of the parish of Ponteland, but was made a distinct parish in 1835, under the act of 58 Geo. III. c. 45. Brenkley is a township in this parish, seven and a half miles north hy west of Newcastle. It coiitains 885 acres, and its population in 1801, was 49; in 1811, 39; in 1821, 37; in 1835, 42; in 1841, 56; and in 1851, 43 souls. John Bigge, Esq., and Clayton de Windt, Esq., are the landowners. This township consists of three farm houses and a few cottages. DiEECTOET. — The farmers are James Hoy, Barbara Ptowell, and Robert Rowell. DiNNiKGTON is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of Matthew Bell, Esq., and Clayton de V/indt, Esq. The township contains 812 acres, and its rateable value is £997. The number of inhabit- ants in 1801, was 158; in 1811, 172; in 1821, 205; in 1831, 354; in 1841, 262 ; and in 1851, 263 souls. The Village of Dinnington is situated about six and a half miles north by west of Newcastle. The Church, dedicated to St. Matthew, was erected in 1834, and consecrated by the Bishop of Carlisle in October, 1835. It was endowed by Matthew Bell, Esq., and the Warden and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumber- land and deanery of Newcastle. Incumbent, the Rev. J. N. St. Clair Ray- mond, M.A. There are schools here for the education of children of both sexes. The Boys' School was enlarged in 1842, by Matthew Bell, Esq., and will now accommodate 100 pupils. The Girls' School was erected by Mrs. Bell, in 1842, and fourteen boys and ten girls are educated and partly clothed at her expense. John Bell and Margaret Mackenzie, teachers. In 1820, while ploughing a field called the Back Yards, a little to the west of the village, the foundation of a building, several human bones, and some skulls, with the teeth perfect in the jav^^ bones, were discovered about three feet below the surface of the earth, A number of stones and fire-bricks were found, and a regular pavement of whinstones. Two stones, which had been dressed, when joined together, formed an octagonal figure, and were evidently the remains of a Gothic pillar. These stones were supposed to be the remains of a chapel, which is traditionally asserted to have occupied the site where they were discovered. 533 CASTLE WAED- — WEST DIVISION. Post Office, Dinnington, George John Bell, postmaster. — Letters arrive here, from Newcastle, at 10-80 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 4-20 p.m. Bean John, farmer, Morley-hill Bell George John, schoolmaster, assistant overseer, and^parish clerk Blaclilock John, superintendent constable for Castle Ward Brewis Jno. hoot &shoemaker&shoplieeper Brown Edward, hoot and shoemaker Elliott William, vict. Bay Horse English Benjamin, tailor Johnson John, vict. JVliite Swan Inn Mackenzie Mary, schoolmistress McDine John, brick & tile manufacturer Coach-lane McDowell Christopher, shopkeeper Potts Thomas, tailor Peacock John, farmer, Dinnington and Havannah Earms Eichley John, boot and shoemaker Short John, vict. Masons' Arms Simpson George, tailor Simpson Ealph, boot and shoemaker Simjjson Eobert, boot and shoemaker Simpson Thomas, sen. boot and shoemaker Simpson Thomas, jun. boot and shoemaker Tate Thomas, farmer, Moory Spot Taylor John, boot and shoemaker Taylor Mr. Joseph Turner John, butcher Turner Mr. John Wardle Thomas, boot and shoemaker Carrier. — To Newcastle, John King, on Tuesdays and Saturdays. HoETON Grange is a township and hamlet, the principal proprietors of which are Lord Decies, Sir Matthew White Eidlej, Bart., Mr. Ekins, and others. The township comprises 1,222 acres, and its population in 1801, was 62; in 1811, 80; in 1821, 66; in 1831, 64; in 1841, 64; and in 1851, 76 souls. This township is divided into four farms, one of which bears the designation of Make w Rich. The Hamlet of Horton Grange is situated eight and a half miles N.N.W. of Newcastle. Mr. Richard Coats, of this place, at his decease in 1719, bequeathed the whole of his effects, at or about £70 per annum, to the parish of Ponteland, for a charity school. . DiEECTORY. — William Goodfellow, agent; and the farmers are Thomas Bell, Make 'm Rich; George Green, Low House; John Tone, Carr House; and Stephen Oliver, Horton Grange. Mason is a township and hamlet, the property of Clayton de Windt, Esq. The township comprises an area of 1165 acres,fand the number of its inhabit- ants in 1801, was 112; in 1811, 97; in 1821," 127; in 1831, 134; in 1841, 144; and in 1851, 126 souls. The Hamlet of Mason is situated seven miles N.N.W. from Newcastle. Common Eobert, Thomas, and William, cartwrights and joiners Jordan William, blacksmith Eaymond J. N. St. Clair, M.A. vicar of ''^^ Dinnington] Watson William, stonemason Watson Matthew, boot and shoemaker Farmers Brewis James & Son, South East Mason Fenwick Edward and George, Mill Hill Fenwick Edwd& James, North East Mason Fenwick James, Hack Hall Fenwick William, Gardner's Houses MaxAvell James, South Mason Eutherford Eobert, Mason Farm Peestwicz is a township and hamlet the principal landowners of which are Matthew Bell, Esq., Mrs. Fenwick, and Mr. Pearse. The township con- tains 621 acres, and its rateable value is £1,360. Population in 1801, 3 22 ; in 1811, 183- in 1821, 155 ; in 1831, 168; in 1841, 161; and in 1851, DINNING TON PARISH. 583 148 souls. A portion of Prestwick, containing nine houses and forty-six persons in 1851, is in the parish of Ponteland — the entire township is here re- turned. Pbestwick Carr, an extensive marshy piece of land situated a little to the north of Prestwick, comprises about 1,100 acres, the whole of which is in- undated in rainy seasons by the overflowing of the river Pont, which crosses its western extremity. Though a drain has been cut from this marsh to the river, a large lake, and several smaller bodies of water remain upon it in dry summers, but in very wet weather they form one vast sheet of water, abound- ing with various kinds of fish, and are much resorted to by different species of ^^dld fowl. In summer, the sides of the Carr form a fertile and extensive pasturage, where the farmers and householders of Berwick Hill, Brenkley, Dinnington, Plorton Grange, Prestwick, and the Eland Hall estate, have commonage without stint or charge. About the middle of May, 1837, as two gentlemen were exercising some spaniels in the vicinity of Prestwick Carr, the dogs made a dead stand at a spot from which nothing could remove them On examination they were found engaged with two fox cubs amongst a tuft of fiu'ze, which had been isolated during the long continuance of wet weather, where they had reposed secure during the hunting season. The following is a list of viands provided by their dam : — Thirty goslings, three leverets, three rabbits, two bald coots, one large eel, and the remains of a hen pheasant. The Hamlet of Prestwick is situated six and a half miles N.N.W. of New- castle. Prestwick Lodge ig a fine modern mansion, the seat of Captain Charles Shum. Street Houses is a hamlet in this township, on the road to Ponteland, six and a half miles north-west by north of Newcastle. Bell John, butcher Bell Nicholas, farmer lenwick John Wilkinson, Street Houses Faulder Mr. Geoffrey, Street Houses Gilhespy Robert, vict. Woolsington Arms Harrison Thomas, farmer, Street Houses Hoy Robert, farmer, East End Tower Mullin Connolly, brick & tile manufacturer, Prestwick Tile Works Henderson Jas. farmer, Prestwick Whins Shum Captain Charles. Prestwick Lodge Turner Robert, coal owner (Turner and Young); ho. Prestwick Turner & Young, coal owners, Prestwick Colliery Young William, coal owner (Turner and Young); ho. Prestwick Younger Mrs. Barbara, farmer, Prestwick Lodge Farm Woolsington, a small township situated five miles north west by north of Newcastle, comprises an area of 833 acres, and its rateable value is £600. The numberof its inhabitants in 1801, was 57; inlSll, 56; in 1821, 36; in 1831, 57; in 1841, 74 : and in 1851, 59 souls. This estate was anciently a manor, and part of the possessions of the Priory of Tynemouth. After the suppression of the religious houses it became the property of the Jenisons, but subsequently came into the possession of the Bells with whom it still remains. Matthew Bell, Esq., is the present proprietor. The Mansion house is a neat building tastefully ornamented with fine plantations. The views from this mansion are very beautiful and extensive. " Ponteland," says a tourist, " is seated in the depth of a vale, shrouded with trees ; Eland Hall crowns an eminence 534 CASTLE WAEL WEST DIVISION. to the right, beyond which Gosforth fills the distant landscape ; Benridge House is to the left, and Kirkley is discerned through the trees by which it is surrounded. Ogle occupies an emminence in front, over which Whalton is seen, and the rugged rocks of Rothbury form the distant back ground." DiBECTOEY. — Matthew Bell, Esq., Woolsington Hail; and Matthew Jewett, farmer, Woolsington High House. MELDON PARISH. Meldon parish is situated in the north-west corner of Castle Ward, and comprises an area of 993 acres. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 54; in 1811, 129; in 1831, 129; in 1831, 114; in 1841, 159 ; and in 1851, 144 souls. John Cookson, Esq., of Meldon Hall, is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. Meldon was anciently a member of the barony of Mitford, and seems to have been a place of some importance, for we find here the remains of a large strong building, with extensive gardens, and in Meldon Park the traces of several other edifices have been discovered. This place was formerly the property of the ancient family of Fenwick, from v/hom it was transferred by marriage to the Derwentwaters, in which family it continued till the attainder of James, the third Earl, when it was forfeited to the crown. It was aftervv^ards granted to Greenwich Hospital, and was subsequently sold by the Commissioners of the Hospital to Isaac Cookson, Esq., alderman of Newcastle, for the sum of 56,900 guineas. The Village of Meldon is situated south of the river Wansbeck, five miles west by south of Morpeth, The Chukch, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, is a smaU edifice, rebuilt in the year 1849, and is capable of ac- commodating about eighty persons. There is a monument to Sir William Fenwick, in the west end, and on the north wall of the chancel is another to the memory of Isaac Cookson, Esq., of Meldon Park, wlio died at Munich, in Bavaria, in the year 1851, and was buried in a vault in the churchyard, on the 95th of October of the same year. The living, a discharged vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Morpeth, is valued in the Liber Regis at £4. 17s. lid.; gross income, £o22. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Durham ; incumbent, the Rev. James Raine, M.A. The parish register commences in 1706. Meldon Paek Cokner is a small village situated four and three-quarter miles west of Morpeth, at the junction of two cross roads, where Meldon, Mitford, and Hartburn parishes meet. It consists of several houses in the above-named parishes Directory. — John Cookson, Esq., Meldon Park; Peter Bryce, shopkeeper; Thomas, and John Johnson, millers ; John Thompson, parish clerk ; and the farmers are Joseph Lennox, Meldon Lane House; and Edward Scott. NEWBURN PARISH. Newburn, a parish in the west division of Castle Ward, and east division of Tindale Ward, is bounded on the north by Ponteland parish, on the west by KEWBUEN PAEISH. 535 Tindale Ward and Heddon-on-tlie-Yfall, on the south by the river Tyne, and on the east by the parishes of Gosforth and St. John, It contains 11,566 acres, and the nuniber of its inhabitants in 180] , was 4,142 ; in ] 811, 3,993; in 1831, 4,166; in 1841, 4,582; in 1841, 4,156; and in 1851, 4,316 souls. This parish inckides the townsliips of Black Callerton, Butterlaw, Daltou, East Denton, West Denton, North Dissington, South Dissington, Newbiggin, Newburn, Xewbuni Hall, Sugley, Throckley, Walbottle, and Whorlton East and West. A small portion of the township of Black Callerton, in the parish of Ponteland, containing two houses and nine persons in 1851, belongs to this parish. The Bishop of Carlisle is the owner of the tithes. This is a very fertile district, with a varied and beautiful surface. On the banks of the Tyne, in this parish, there are extensive iron works, coal staiths, brick and. tile yards, chemical works, and other manufactories of various kinds. Black Calleeton is a township and village, the property of Henry Graham, Esq. The township comprises an area of 1,377 acres, and its rate- able value is £1,528. Population in 1801, 495 ; in 1811, 176; in 1821, 173; in 1831, 438; in 1841, J 58 ; and in 1851, 200 souls. Coal of a superior quality is found in this township. The Village of Black Callerton is situated three and half miles north north-east from Newburn. Here is a day- school, founded by the will of N. Blackiston, in 1721, and endowed with a rent charge of £9. 10s. per annum. The governors are the minister and church- wardens of the parish, who have the right of appointing the master, and it is free to the children of the poor inhabitants of Callerton. James Thompson, teacher. Chaeities. — Beside the school, Black Callerton possesses the sum of £3 per annum, left by William Alder, for the purpose of apprenticing poor boys of the township to some suitable trade. Foster Antiiony, coal OTvner, Black Callerton Colliery Marshall Geo. Hacksmith and agricultural implement maker Moor John, land agent Eichardson Mansiield, vict. Wheat Sheaf, Callerton Lane End Eobinson Thomas, stonemason Thompson James, schoolmaster, Black Callerton School Tweedy George, laiid drainer for Josiah Parks, Esq. C.E. Watson Eobt. joiner and cartwright, Lough House Farmers Anderson Eobert, Throckley Marsh Cairns" Joseph, and overseer of the poor, Broom Hall Cairns Jane and John, Black Callerton Davidson Eichd. & corn miller, LowLuddick Wood Ealph, Throckley Barns Butterlaw is a township situated five miles west north-west from New- castle. It contains 250 acres, and its rateable value is £254. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 24; in 1811, 24 ; in 1821, 28 ; in 1831, 30 ; in 1841, 16; and in 1851, 15 souls. It is the sole property of the Duke of Northumberland, and is exclusively occupied by Mr. AVm. Younger, farmer. Dalton is a township and village in this parish, but locally situated in the eastern division of Tindale Ward. The township comprises an area of 1,035 acres, its rateable value is £928, and the principal proprietors are Edward Collingwood, Esq., Hugh Moises, Esq., and Edward Eiddell, Esq. The population in 1801, was 104 in 1811, 122 ; in 1821, 122 ; in 1831, lOG ; ■553 CASTLE WARD — WEST DIVISION. in 1841 103 ; and in 1851, 113 souls. The tithes were commated in 1839— aggregate amount, £ 120. Is. 1 Id. The Village of Dalton occupies a healthy and pleasant situation on the northern bank of the river Pont, eleven miles north-west of Newcastle. It consists of a chapel, one farm-house, and some cottages, which are chiefly inhabited by the workmen in the employ of Edward Collingwood, Esq. The Chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected in 1837. It contains 200 sittings, of which 180 are free and unappropriated. There is a neat school and teacher's house, erected in 1843. Thomas Penman, teacher. Corn milhng is extensively carried on in this township, by Mr. Thomas Seyburn. Directory. — Ann Davison, grocer ; John Ferguson, stonemason ; William Johnson stonemason ; Thomas Penman, schoolmaster, organist, and chapel- clerk ; Thomas Scott, boot and shoemaker ; Thomas Seyburn, corn miller, Dalton Mill; Edward Sisson, farm-baihff, Windywalls ; Mr. Frederick Shield, Dalton House; and the farmers are George Barkas, Ptobsheugh; John Marl ey, Silver-hill ; Robert Weddle, and guardian, Dalton ; and Thomas Pddley Woddle, and overseer, Dalton. Denton (East) is a township and village, of which Lord Piokeby is the principal landowner. The area of the townships of East Denton and Sugley, which have been returned together, is 809 acres, and their united population in 1801, was 733 ; in 1811, 824; of East Denton alone, in 1821, 548 ; in 1831, 524; in 1841, 543 ; and in 1851, 493 souls.— Rateable value £2,001. This township was formerly the property of the Priors of Tynemouth, who erected the Chapel adjacent to the Hall, but after the dissolution of the monastic institutions, it became successively the property of the Erringtons, the Rogers, and the Montagues ; from the latter of whom it came into the possession of Matthew Robinson, Esq., who, in conformity with the will of the rehct of Edward Montague, Esq., assumed the name of that family. The Village of East Denton is situated on the Hexham road, three and a half miles W.N.W. of Newcastle. Here is a Methodist New Connexion Chapel, which was repaired and altered in 1850. ScoTswooD, a village partly in this township, and partly in that of Benwell is situated on the north bank of the Tyne, a little below Bell's Close, and about three miles west of Newcastle. It contains paper mills, chemical, works, and an extensive fire-brick manufactory. A little to the east of this village a fine suspension bridge crosses the Tyne. It was erected from a design by John Green, Esq., and opened on the 12th of April, 1831. Biography. — Mrs. Montague, daughter of Matthew Robinson, of West Layton, in Yorkshire, was the wife of Edward Montague, Esq., of this township. Her inclination for literary pursuits w^as very early displayed, and she is said to have transcribed the whole of the Spectator before the completion of her eighth year. This lady was an excellent scholar, pos- sessing a sound judgement and refined taste. Speaking of her. Dr. Johnson observed, that " she did not make a trade of her wit, but she was a very extraordinary woman, she had a constant stream of conversation, and it was always impregnated, it had always meaning." Her " Essay on the Writings and Genius of Shakspeare," in answer to the objections of Voltaire, KEWBUEN PARISH* 537 must always rank with the best illustrations of the trancendant powers of the " immortal bard." It is not an elaborate dissertation on the meaning of obscm-e passages, but a comprehensive survey of the sublimity of his genius — of his profound knowledge of human nature— and of the wonderful resources of his imagination. But it was in epistolary correspondence that Mrs. Mon- tague particularly excelled, and her letters in point of judgement, learning, and eloquence, far exceed those of her namesake the Lady Mary Wortley Montague. She died at East Denton, at a very advanced age, on the 25th of August, 1800. Moralee John, schoolmaster, Scotswood Eeay Wm. farmer, Black Swine Eobson Hoyle & Co. Venetian red mnfrs. Pardise ; office Close, Newcastle Eoss John, merchant tailor, Scotswood Scott Vf. H. surgeon, Scotswood Scotswood Brick and Tile Company, mnfrs. of lampblack, coke, varnish, and coal oil, Scotswood Smith Edward, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker, Denton Square Smith John, grocer, Scotswood Towns Alfred, butcher, Scotswood Urwin Isabella, vict. Mason's Arms Inn, Denton Burn Uren Joseph, butcher, vict. and grocer Scotswood Arthur Wilhara, farmer and overseer, Eed Cow, East Denton Barnup Wm. farmer. East Denton House Carr Thos. & Son,fire-brick manufacturers, Scotswood Cox John, vict. Ord Arms Inn, Scotswood Fletcher Falconer & Co. paper manufac- turers, Scotswood Grace N. & Co. paper manfactrs. Scotswood Hagg John, joiner&cartwright.DentonBurn Humble Thomas, manufacturer of water closet pans, & other articles for sanitary purposes,Scotswood; works at St.Lawrence Hoyle Eichard, merchant, Denton Hall Lister Mrs. Elizabeth, Scotswood House Lister Ealph, manufacturer of firebricks, crucibles, gas retorts, chemical apparatus, socket pipes, &c. Scotswood Denton (West) is a township and village, the property of Joseph Lamb, Esq. of Exwell Park, in the county of Durham. The township contains 329 acres, and its rateable value is £1,167. 8s. Od. Population in 1801, 423 ; in 1811, 362; in 1821, 404; in 1831, 455; in 1841, 420; and in 1851, 471 souls. The Village of West Denton is situated south of the Hexham turnpike road, about three and a half miles west by north of Newcastle. Many Roman remains have been discovered in the vicinity of this place, at various periods. Bell's Close, an irregularly built village in this township, is situated on the north bank of the Tyne, three and a quarter miles west of Newcastle. Here are extensive firebrick works, which are carried on by Messrs. Black- lock and Hall. The Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel here, which was erected in 1839. Angus George, merchant. West Denton House Atkinson Eobt. shoemaker, Paniard Houses Black Eobert, vict. Long Boat Inn, Bell's Close Blacklock and Hall, firebrick manufacturers Bell's Close Carter John, timber merchant, Bell's Close Dodds Jeremiah, road surveyor Dodds Thomas, blacksmith & agricultural implement maker Hall William, butcher, Bell's Close 2 K 2 Harriman and Humble, tallow chandlers, Bell's Close Harriman William, grocer & sanitaiy pipe manufacturer. Bell's Close Humble Thomas, tallow chandler (Hai'ri- man and Humble) ; ho. Scotswood Kirton William, blacksmith, agricultural implement maker, and fai'mer, Denton Hill Head Scott John, joiner and cartwright (Hut- chinson and Scott) ; ho. Black-row Waller Jolin, grocer, &c. Bell's Close 538 CASTLE WAED TvEST DIVISION. DissiNGTON (North) is a townsliip and liamlet, tlie property of Edward- Collingwood, Esq. The area of the township is 1,140 acres, and the rateable value is £1,04:2. The number of inhabitants in 180], was 80; in 1811, 8T ; in 1821, 65 ; in 1831, 76 ; in 1841, 67; and in 1851, 70 souls. The Hamlet of North Dissington is about nine miles W.N.W. of Newcastle. It is remarkable as being the birth-place of the gallant Admiral Sir Ralph Delaval, who entered the navy at an early age, and under the patronage of the Duke of York, afterwards James II., rose regularly in rank, until he became captain of the " York," a third-rate man of war, which position he occupied at the revolution which drove his patron from the throne. Shortly after the accession of William III., he was raised to the rank of rear-admiral of the blue, and received the honour of knighthood. He subsequently served under the Earl of Torrington, at the battle of Beachy Head, in which the English and Dutch Fleets were beaten by the French, on the 30th of June, 1690. He was shortly afterwards promoted to the rank of vice-admiral of the blue, and in 1692 was declared" vice-admiiYol of the red, and entrusted with the command of a large squadron of English and Dutch sliips, for the pro- tection of the Mediterranean fleet, which serwice he performed with great skill and success. At the battle of LaHogue, on the 19th of May of the same year, he bravely sustained his reputation, and destroyed some of the enemy's largest ships. Subsequent to this action, Admiral Delaval became the victim of court intrigue, and lost his command, his services to his country being entirely forgotten. He afterwards lived as a private gentleman till his decease, in January, 1807. He w^as buried in Westminster Abbey, and notwithstanding the violence of party prejudice, he descended to the grave with the reputation of a great and gallant officer, and of a generous and hospitable man. Directory, — Edward Collingwood, Esq., J. P. Dissington Hall ; John Cook, gardener ; Yvliliam Gilhespay, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker ; Wilham Summers, gamekeeper ; and the farmers are, Yf illiam Ridley, and overseer, Dissington East Houses ; and Jane Younger, Cairn House. DissixGTON (South) is a township and hamlet, containing 1,342 acres, and its population in 1801, was 93 ; in 1811, 90 ; in 1821, 74; in 1831, 77 ; in 1841, 76 ; and in 1851, 68 souls. Edward Collingwood, Esq., is the princi- pal proprietor. The Hamlet of South Dissington is situated nine and a half miles north-west of Ne\^ castle. This place was for many centuries the seat of the ancient family of Delaval. Directory. — George Aimitage, cattle dealer, Dissington Lane House ; William Scott, vict. blacksmith, and agricultural implement maker, Three Horse Shoes Inn, Throckley Fell; Joseph Twaddle, Penny Hill; and the farmers are, Thomas Anderson, Dissington Old Hall; Geo. Cofton, Donkins Houses ; George Sanderson, Lane House ; and James Swan. Newbiggin, a small township in this parish, three and three quarter miles north-west of Newcastle, is the propertyof Matthew Bell, Esq., of Woolsington. It contains 519 acres, and its rateable value is £715. Population in 1801, 53; in 1811, 43; in 1821, 47; in 1831, 64; in 1841, 33; and in 1851> 53 souls. KEWBUEN PARISH. 539 Directory. — Frederick S^Ya^ Tocld, bottle manufacturer; Thomas White, ■woodkeeper for M. Bell, Esq., Hollj^weil Eeiis; and the farmers are, John Herron, and William Ryle, Pack's House. Newburn is a toTaiship and village in the parish of the same name, con- taining an area of 790 acres, and its population in 1801, was 805 ; in 1811, 787; in 1821, 918; in 1831, 966; in 1831, 943; and in 1851, 938 souls. The Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor, and holds a court-leet annually, when constables are sworn in, and inspectors of w^eights, measures, &c., are appointed. Sir Walter B. Riddell is stew^ard of the court. The Village of Newburn is situated on the Tyne, about five miles west by north of Newcastle. It was anciently a borough, the manor of which, with all its regalities, was given by King John to Robert, son of Roger do Clavering, Baron of V/arkwortli. John, the last Lord Clavering, granted the reversion of it to the crown, and Edward III. gave it to Henry Lord Percy, from whom it has descended to the present proprietor. We find the village of Newburn mentioned as early as the year ] 071, for at that time, Wilham the Conoueror having deprived Osulph of the earldom of Northum- berland, and conferred it upon Copsi, the uncle of Earl Tostig, Osulph was obliged to take refuge in the woods and mountains, where he collected a band of men, in circumstances similar to his own. With these desperadoes, he beset a house at Newburn, in which Copsi was feasting, and pursuing him to the church, whither he had fled for protection, immediately set it on fire. Copsi being driven forth by the flames, was slain in the porch by Osulph. This occurred on the IJth of March, Copsi having only enjoyed his dignity for the short space of five weeks. On the 20th of August, 1640, the Scottish Covenanters, under General Lesley, crossed the Tweed, and marched without opposition to Newbui'n, where Lord Conway, who commanded the royal forces in the absence of the Earls of Northumberland and Strafford, had taken a position and thrown up entrenchments to defend the ford over the Tyne. On the 27th the Scots pitched their tents on Heddon Law, above Newburn, whence there was a continued descent to the river, and in the night made great fires in and around their camp. The same night, the king's army, consisting of three thousand foot and one thousand five hundred horse, w^ere drawn out on Stella Haugh, a plain meadow ground nearly a mile in length, on the south side of the Tyne. Their position was strengthened by two breastworks, thrown up opposite the fordable places of the river, and defended by cannon and musketry. On the 28Lh, the Scots, who haol the advantage of the rising ground, brought down some pieces of cannon, and planted them in the church steeple of New^burn, lining at the same time all the lanes and hedges, in the neighbourhood of the village, with musketeers. Both parties remained inactive during the forenoon, till an accidental circum- stance occasioned the beginning of tbe conflict. A Scotch ofiicer came out of one of the houses of Newburn, and watered his horse in the Tyne, this being perceived by one of the English soldiers, he levelled his piece, and brought the of&cer from his horse, upon which the Scots immediately commenced the action by opening their fire upon the breast works of the Eughsh, who, in 540 CASTLE WAED WEST DIVISION. tlieir turn, cannonaded the Scots that were posted in the church and village. The advantages of numbers, discipline, and position, were possessed bj the Scots, and by the time that the ebb tide had rendered the river fordable, their cannon had driven the English from their works, and Lesley, perceiving the men running from their guns, ordered Major Ballantyne, with a forlorn hope of twenty-six horse, to pass the river to reconnoitre. To cover this movement a heavy cannonade was kept up by the Scots, so that Ballantyne and his party were able to establish themselves on the south bank, which was speedily attained by several other portions of the Scottish forces. The Enghsh horse, who w^ere drawn up on the flat grounds near the Tyne, stood for some time exposed to the fire of nine pieces of ordnance, with which Lesley covered the passage of his men, but were at last broken and thrown into confusion, and, as the Scots continued to pass the river in great numbers, the rout became general. The main body of the infantry retreated in disorder, by Ryton and Stella Haugh, to Newcastle, whilst Sir John Digby, Commissary Wilmot, and O'Neil, an Irish officer, who endeavoured to cover the retreat with the horse, were surrounded and made prisoners by Lesley, who treated them and the w^hole of the prisoners with the greatest honour, and soon after permitted them to rejoin the royal forces. The Chuegh, dedicated to St. Michael and all the Holy Angels, is a neat cruciform structure, with a square tower, and underwent a thorough renova- tion, in 1827, at which time the window over the communion table, was con- siderably improved by the introduction of stained glass. The living is a discharged vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, valued in the Liber Regis at £16; gross income £240, exclusive of the vicarage house. Patron and appropriator, the Bishop of Carlisle ; in- cunibent, the Rev. John Reed, B.A. The parish register commences in 1659. A fine memorial window has been lately placed in the eastern end of this church, by the James family, in memory of their mother. It consists of three lights, or compartments, the centre one representing the Crucifixon, and the two lateral ones the Annunciation and the Last Judgment. This beautiful window is the w^ork of Mr. Wailes, of Newcastle. In connection with the parish church are two Chapels of Ease, situated re- spectively in Dalton and Sugley Field, the former is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and the latter to the Holy Saviour. They were both erected in the years 1836-37, from designs by Mr. Green, architect, of Newcastle. In 1838, a complete communion service was presented to the chapel of the Holy Trinity, by Ralph Bates, Esq., of Milburn Hall, and in November of the following year A. G. Potter, Esq., of Walbottle House, and his brothers presented to the church at Newburn, a beautiful and elegant stained glass window, by Mr. Wailes, of Newcastle. The window is of|the Tudor date of arcliitecture, in the upper tracery of which are the emblems of the holy evangelists and the letters I.H.S. The lower portion of this beautiful work of art is filled up with a rich and ornamental device of the period, in which are introduced the arms of the Potter family, and the following legend : — Deo et EccLESiiE Fkatres Potter, Dicaverunt. A.D. MDCCCXXXIX. NEWBUEN PARISH. 541 There is a Wesley an Methodist Chapel here, which was erected in 1839. Newbuen School was built in 1822, it bears the following inscription : — " Erected by Hugh, Duke of Northumberland, Lord of the Manor. Hugh Taylor, BaHiftV His Grace also endowed it with the sum of ten guineas per annum. Messrs. John Spencer and Sons, possess extensive premises here, in which steel, files, &c., are manufactured, and employment afforded to upwards ^of 200 persons. New Winning is a hamlet in this township, five miles west by north from Newcastle. At fNewburn and Lemington Point are salmon fisheries, of which Mr. Robert Forster is lessee. Charities. — Robert Delaval, who died in 1666, gave to the poor of this parish £5, to be paid for ever by the land of South Dissington ; and John Blackett, in 1707, left to the poor of this parish, the sum of £4 per annum, payable out of the West Denton estate. Gawen Stoker, who died in 1741, gave twenty shillings a year, to be paid annually on Good Friday, to the poor of the township of Newburn, and Utrick Whitfield, by will, in 1746 left £50 to the poor of this parish. The interest of this sum is received by the vicar, and given away yearly at Christmas. Post Office, Newbuen, Charles Browel, postmaster. Letters arrive here, from New- castle, at 12 noon, and are despatched thereto at 2-15 p.m. Blackburn John, gardener Browell Charles, grocer & flour dealer, and boot and shoemaker Brown John, constable, and manager of brick works Davison Eobert Smith, M.K.C.S. & L.A.C. Fawall George, butcher Finney Thomas, surgeon. Manor House Forster Kobt. farmer and salmon fisherman Hall Elizabeth, farmer HargreaveWm.builder& contractor, farmer, and gi'ocer'and flour'dealer Hunter William L. butcher Johnson Edward, stonemason Moor Dorothy, shopkeeper Inns and Taverns Blade Boy, George Hunter Cock Inn, John Middleton, New Winning Moore Timothy, boot and shoe maker, Dewley Eeed Kev. John, B.A, vicar Spencer John & Sons, manufacturers of steel, files, springs for locomotive engines and railway carriages, &c. &c. Newburn Steel Works — Ofiice, 78, Westgate-street, Newcastle, and 124, Fen church street, London Spencer John, jun. steel, etc. manufacturer (John Spencer & Sons) ; ho. Newburn Stobard James, boot and shoemaker Taylor Edward, butcher Taylor James, grocer Thompson Thomas, stonemason Ferry Boat, George Hall Highlander, Henry Potter Three Horse Shoes, James Walker, and blacksmith Newburn Hall is an adjoining township to the above, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. It comprises an area of 876 acres, and its popu- lation in 1801, was 624; in 1811, 633; in 1821, 629; in 1831, 636; in 1841, 665; and in 1851, 670 souls. This township contains the eastern suburb of Newburn. The old mansion, from which the name of the township is derived, is now converted into a farm house, whose walls are in some places six or seven feet in thickness. 542 CASTLE WARD— WEST DIYISION. Lemington is a populous village, partly in the towusliip of Xewburn Hall, and partly in that of Sugley. It is conveniently situated on the northern bank of the river Tyne, and consists of a confused assemblage of cottages which are chiefly inhabited by the workmen employed in the Tyne Iron Works, and the Northumberland Glass Works, an extensive Crown Glass manufactory, w^hich is carried on by Thomas Harrison & Go. Lemington is about one mile east from Xewburu, and three miles west from Newcastle. Arthur Geo. farmer, Newbum Hill Head Blackburn John, gardener Dayison George, grocer and flour dealer, Lemington Finney Edward, innkeeper, Lemington Galley Isabella, grocer, &c. Lemington Galley Joseph, staithsman, Walbottlo Col- liery, house Lemington Gardener Winifred, ^ict. Doctor Syntax Inn, Lemington Hall Mrs. Ehzabeth, NewburnHall Harrison Thomas, & Co. crown glass manu- factm-ers, Xorthumberland Crown Glass Y/orks, Lemington Hutchinson & Scott, joiners & cartwrights, workshop, Black Eow Hutchinson Thompson, joiner and cart- ■wnght (Hutchinson & Scott) ; house, Lemington Cottage Jackson Michael, farmer, Lemington Lane Johnson Eichard, stonemason, Newbum Cottage Moore Thos. boot & shoemaker, Dewley Nixon WilUam, farmer, Union Hall Smith James, innkeeper,' Lemington Spencer John, sen. steel (fcc. manufacturer (John Spencer & Sons) ; ho. Lemington HaU Spencer Michael, steel &c. manufacturer (John Spencer & Sons); ho. Lemington Hall Spencer Thomas, steel &g. manufacturer (John Spencer & Sons) ; ho. Lemington Hall Wright Gilbert, glass manufacturer (Thos. Harrison & Co.) ; ho. Tilla-place Wright Wilh am, glass manufacturer (Thos. Harrison & Co.) : ho. Yilla Eeal Sugley, a township in the above parish situated four miles west of New- castle, is the property of Lord Rokeby. The acreage of this to\^^lship is returned with that of East Denton as was also the population previous to 1821. In that year it was 266 ; in 1R31, 255 ; in 1841, 212 ; and in 1851, 222 souls, The " Tyne Iron Works " are situated in this township. They are very extensive and afford employment to 180 persons. The Chapel of the Holy Sa^dour is situated in Sugley Field. It is a very neat edifice in the early English style, erected in 1836-37 at a cost of about £900. and possesses sufficient accommodation for 2T0 persons. The eastern window of this chapel is much admired, and reflects the highest credit upon Mr. Waiies of Xewcastle, by whom it was constructed. It is divided into three compartments, the centre one being occupied by a full length figure of the Redeemer, St. John the Baptist, and St. John the Evangelist. There is also a representation of the Ascension in the ti'efoil above. In the two side lights are the figures of the Blessed Virgin with the Di^dne Infant, and St. Elizabeth, and the Infant Baptist. The whole of the sittings in this beautiful little chapel are free and unappropriated. There is a school attached to the chapel, Thomas Gibhng, teacher. DiREcToPvT. — WiUiam Downing, agent, and Thomas Gibling, schoolmaster. Throckley is a township and hamlet in this parish, the property of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. The township comprises an area of 1,263 acres, and the rateable value is ^61,025. The lessees of the tithes, NEWBUEN PAEISH. 543 which amount to £145, are Messrs. Dickmson and Bainbridge. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 188; in 1811, 192; in 1831, 159; in 1831,208; in 1841, 160 ; and in 1851, 159 souls. The Hamlet of Throckley is situa- ted one mile north bj west from Newburn, and six and a half miles W.N.W. from Newcastle. Here is a neat Methodist Chapel erected in 1850. Directory. — Mr. William Anderson; William Chorlton, grocer and merchant tailor, Newburn Lane End ; Armstrong Forster, blacksmith and agiicultural implement maker, New^burn Lane End ; Mr. Glover, agent ; Stephen Nesbit, vict. Crown and Anchor Inn; Thomas Patterson, corn miller, Throckley Mill ; Mr. Edward Steel ; and William Stephenson, coal owner and brick and tile manufacturer, Throckley House. Walbottle is a township and village in the above-named parish, the pro- perty of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. The toi^mship contains 1,251 acres, audits rateable value is £2,581. Population in 1801, 462 ; in 1811, 591 ; in 1821, 676; in 1831 ; 688 ; in 1841, 683 ; and in 1851, 782 souls. Here are extensive coal mines which are worked by Messrs. Lamb and Potter, and Lamb & Co. The Village of Walbottle is situated four and a half miles west by north of Newcastle. It contains a Wesleyan and Primitive Methodist Chapel, two day schools, some respectable inns, and a few grocers shops. The Eev. James Eaine in his " History of North Durham," fixes on Walbottle as the place where Peada, son of the sanguinary Penda, king of Mercia, and Sigebert monarch of East Anglia, were baptised by Einan in 653, In July, 1786, some very heavy falls of rain occurred in this neighbourhood, and the small rivulet that passes Walbottle swelled very rapidly. A small arch having been previously thrown across the stream, an embankment of earth was formed upon it for the purpose of making a w^aggon-way from an adjoiniug colliery ; this arch being too small for the passage of the body of water, and the trees, hay, &c., which the flood brought down, was soon choked up, and the water then forming a lake in the valley above, at length burst the embankment, and rolling with an impetuosity scarcely conceivable, instantly carried away an adjoining mill, and a man working in it was drowned at a moment when he suspected no danger. In its progress to the river Tyne, it carried away three houses at the east end of the village of Newburn, where three persons unfortunately lost their lives. In 1794, some " Roman Remains," consisting of tv/o centurial stones, where found in the vicinity of this village. About a century ago, William Pettigrew, a Scotchman, who was employed in driving a coal waggon, erected a hut in Walbottle Dean, against the side of a hill that was covered with, brushwood, a short distance south of the turn- pike road. Here he resided for some time with his family, and from his dwelhng place was known by the name of Willie of the Wood. The habita- tion was constructed of sods and thatched with broom. Four staves driven into the ground, and a couple of planks served as a table, while a few old coal buckets, or corves, covered wdth straw, formed their bed. This becoming noised abroad, curiosity prompted many a one to pay them a visit, when Mrs. Pettigrew would have accosted them with — " You're welcome to see the house 544 CASTLK WARD — "^EST DIVISION. i'the glen, guid folk." The groups of visitors at length, however, became so numerous, that they were troublesome; but the "canny Scot" projected a scheme to turn the public curiosity to account ; he procured bread and cheese, ale, &c., which were readily sold, whereby he was enabled to maintain his family in a more comfortable way. From this humble situation two of Petti- grew's sons rose to a good position in society, one of them joined the army, where in the course of time he became a lieutenant, and the other acquired some celebrity as a preacher in the Methodist Connexion, Post Office, "Walbottle, Elizabeth Dodds, postmistress.— 'Letters arrive, from New- castle, at 11 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 2-45 p.m. Chicken Aaron W. iinder-viewer Glover Wilham, land agent, Walbottle Dean House Laws Edwd. schoolmaster, ColHerj School Longridge Henry Gr. viewer Nixon Thomas, agent to the Walbottle Colliery Company Waugh James, schoolmaster Potter Archibald G. coal owner, Walbottle House Eobson Thomas, grocer, provision dealer, and builder, Walbottle Lane House Piobinson AVilliara, head engineer, Wal- bottle Colliery Wilson George, grocer Wilson W. & G. joiners Butchers Harrison Tiohevt, Half Moon Inn Pieken Eobert, Walbottle Bank Top House Farmers Davison Ealph.ChapelHouse Hays William, Fell House Wardle John, & cattle dealer Watson Edward, Coley Hill Watson Jno. Percy Arms Inn Inns Brown Jug, Isabella Bell Duke's Hall, John Wardle Half Moon Inn, Robt. Harri- son Percy Arms Inn, John Watson Whorlton East and West form a township in the parish of Newburn, containing 585 acres of land, the property of the Duke of Northumber- land. The rateable value of tbe township is £518. 10s. and its popula- tion in 180], was 58; in 1811, 63; in 1821, 57; in 1831, 59; in ]84], GO; and in 1851, 53 souls. This estate consists of two divisions, called East and ^Yest Whorlton. The Hamlet of Whorlton is situated four miles north west of Newcastle. Directory.— Mary Colbeck, farmer, Whorlton Hall ; William Hogg, black- smith and agricultural implement maker, and vict. Jingling Gate Inn ; and Ptiddell Eobson, farmer and overseer, Whorlton High House. ponteland parish. PoNTELAND is a parish comprising the townships of Berwick Hill, Callerton (High), Callerton (Little), Coldcoats, Darras Hall, Higham Dykes, Kirkley, Milburn, Milburn Grange, and Ponteland, whose united area amounts to 10,073 acres. It is bounded on the north by Whalton and Stannington parishes, on the west by Newburn, Stamfordham, and Whalton parishes, on the south by Newburn parish, and on the east by the parish of Gosforth. The population in 1801, was 936; in 1811, 943; in 1821, 934; in 1831, PONTELAND PARESII. 545 1,034; in 1841, 1,094 ; and in 1851, it had increased to 1,137 souls. The soil of this parish is rich and strong, yielding good wheat crops and excellent pasturage. Large quantities of Hme and coal are found in this district. BEE^YICK Hill is a township and hamlet, the property of the Hon. Gilbert Stapleton. The township contains 1,604 acres, and its rateable value is £1,433. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 108; in 1811, 120; in 1821, 111; in 1831, 105; in 1841, 112; and in 1851, 96 souls. The Hamlet of Berwick Hill is situated on a lofty eminence eight and a half miles N.N.W. of Newcastle. Directory. — Richard Robinson, brick and tile manufacturer, Berwick Hill Tile Works ; Thomas Morrison, vict. Bay Horse ; Thomas Thompson, blacksmith; and the farmers are Robert, Edward, and George Coxon, Low House; George Potts, Berwick Hill Park House; Edward Reay, Middle and West Farms ; Richard Reay, East End ; and Joseph Wood, North East Farm. Callerton (High) is a township and village, the principal proprietors of which are John Warwick, Esq., Robert Johnson, Esq., Jonathan Forster, Esq., the executors of Mrs. Ekens, and others. The area of the township is 798 acres, and the rateable value is £1,182 16s. 3d. Population in 1801, 131 ; in 1811, 100; in 1821, 104; in 1831, 136; in 1841, 131; and in 1851, 115 souls. A small portion of the township of High Callerton here returned, containing 2 houses and 9 persons in 1851, belongs to the parish of Newburn. Lady's Land, containing eight acres, in this township, belongs to the Morpeth Free School, as also two tenements and a close in Ponteland, and a ridge of land in Prestwick township. The Village of High Callerton is situated about six and a half miles north-west by west from Newcastle. Directory. — James Collier, tailor ; Thomas Sample, miller, Birney Hill ; Joseph Watson, boot and shoemaker ; John Wilkinson, mason ; and the farmers are Ptobert Anderson, Throckley Farm ; William Archbold, Birney Hill ; John Bushby, Callerton Hall ; Thomas Harrison ; William Wilkinson, Old House ; and Ralph Wood, Callerton Grange. Callerton (Little) township is situated seven miles north-w^est by west of Newcastle. It comprises an area of 573 acres, and the rateable value is £330. Edward Collingwood, Esq., is the sole proprietor. Population in 1801, 22; in 1811, 27; in 1821, 21; in 1831, 36; in 1841,34; and in 1851, 16 souls. This township is divided into t\YO farms, and the tithes amount to £27 per annum. Directory. — John Fletcher, farmer, Little Callerton Moor; and John Stephenson, farmer. CoLDcoATs is a township comprising 1,060 acres, which is divided into four farms ; West and Middle Coldcoats belonging to Nathaniel Bates, Esq., East Coldcoats to the Rev. Edward C. Ogle, and Coldcoats Moor the property of Edward Collingwood, Esq. It is situated two miles north from Ponteland, and its rateable value is £723. The tithes amount to £143 per annum. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 53 ; in 1811, 48; in 1821, 45 ; in 1831, 36; in 1841, 36 ; and in 1851, 40 souls. 2 L .546 CiSTLE WARD— WEST DIVISION. Directory.— The farmers are William Dodds, West Farm ] Jolm Forster, Ooldcoats Moor; and Joseph Smith, Middle Coldcoats. Darras Hall township, the property of Edward CoUingwood, Esq., Mrs. Diitton, and the Rev. Mr. Ord, is situated seven miles north-west from New- castle. Its rateahle value is £281, and its area 425 statute acres. Popula- tion in 1801, 31; in 1811, 23; in 1821, 12; in 1831, 15; in 1841, 15; and in 1851, 22 souls. This township consists of one farm, occupjdng an elevated position, from which extensive views of the surrounding country . 'may be obtained. Directory. — John Lamb, farmer, Darras Hall. HiGHAM Dykes is a township ten miles north-west of Newcastle, containing 129 acres, the property of Miss M. C. Bell. Its population in 1801, vv'as 18; in 1811, 20; in 1821, 23 ; in 1831, 15 ; in 1841, 20; and in 1851, 15 souls. Here is a neat school and teacher's house, erected in 1852, at Miss Bell's expense. This township consists of one farm, occupied by Mr. John Shanks, and Higham House, a fine mansion, well sheltered by trees. Directory. — Miss Mary Cook Bell, Higham House ; John Shanks, farmer and overseer ; and Elizabeth Dinning, schoolmistress. KiRKLEY is a sm.all township and hamlet, the property of the Rev. Edward C. Ogle. The township comprises an area of 1 ,816 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 143 ; in 1811, 147; in 1821, 146; in 1831, 165; in 1841, 168 ; and in 1851, 171 souls. The manor of Kirldey was anciently possessed by the Euro family, who held it by the service of presenting a barbed arrow at the court of the barony of Mitford, on St. John the Baptist's day. Several members of this famnly held important posts in the north. One of them, Sir Ralph de Eure, was Lord Warden of the East Marches in the reign of Llenry VIII. The Euros possessed this estate until the reign of Charles I., when it became the property of the Ogles, in which famity it still remains. The celebrated Sir Chaloner Ogle was born here. Having em- braced the naval profession, he was very early advanced, by his courage and personal merit, to the command of the " Swallow" man-of-war, wherein he captured Roberts, the famous pirate, on the coast of Africa, February 5th, 1722. We subjoin the following account of this exploit from Campbell's *' Naval History of King George I.: — " There was among the pirates on the coast of Africa, one Roberts, a man whose parts deserved better employment ; he was an able seaman, and a good commander, and had with him two very stout ships, one commanded by himself of 40 guns, and 152 men, the other of 30 guns, and 132 men, and to complete his squadron, he soon added a third, of 24 guns, and 90 men. Captain Ogle was in the ' Swallow,' and was cruising off Cape Lopez, when he had intelligence of Roberts being not far from him, of whom he went immediately in search, and soon after dis- covered them in a very commodious bay, where the largest and the least ships were upon the heel scrubbing. Captain Ogle, taking in his lower tier of guns, and lying at a distance, Roberts took him for a merchantman, and immediately ordered his consort* Skyrm, to slip his cable, and run out after him. Captain Ogle crowded all the sail he could, to decoy the pirate to such PONTELAND PARISH. : ;547 a distance; that his consorts might not hear the guns, and then suddenly tacked, ran out his lo^Yer tier, and gave the pirates a broadside, by which thek captain, Skyrm, ^Yas killed, which so discouraged his crew that after a brisk engagement, which lasted about an hour and a half, they surrendered. Captain Ogle then returned to the bay, hoisting the king s colours under the pirates' black flag with a death's head in it. This prudent stratagem had the desii'ed effect ; for the pirates, seeing the black flag uppermost, concluded the king's ship had been taken, and came out full of joy to congratulate their consort on the victory. This joy of their was, however, of no long con- tinuance, for Captain Ogle gave them a very warm reception ; and though Roberts fought with the utmost bravery for near two hours, yet being then killed, the courage of his men immediately sunk, and both ships yielded." For this service Captain Ogle was knighted in the following year, and after- wards rose to the highest rank in his profession. He was an officer whose integrity, courage, and abilities were conspicuous in his long service of his country — upwards of fifty years. To those quahties v^^hich peculiarly adorned his profession, he added all those social virtues and goodness of heart which made his loss still more deeply regretted by those who had most known him. He died in London on the 11th of April, 1750. The Village of Kirkley is situated ten miles north-west by north of New- castle. KiEKLEY Hall, the seat of the owner of the township, is an elegant and commodious mansion and from its eastern side many beautiful views of the surrounding country may be obtained. Beneidge is a hamlet in this township, situated ten miles N.N.W- of Newcastle. Beneldgs House is the residence of William F. Blackett, Esq., treasurer for the county of Northumberland. Caetee Moor is another hamlet in this township, ten and half miles N.N.¥/. of Newcastle. Blackett William F. Esq. Benridge House Boiston Anthony, vict. and farmer, Waggon Inn, Kirkley Westgate Bre-^is Robert, farmer, Nortb Carter Moor Calvert James, brick and tile manufacturer Charlton Michael, blacksmith Coxon John, farmer, Benridge Dryden Robt. farmer, West Kirkley Thorn Elliott John, under steward, Kirkley Bank Head Millburn Henry, miller, Kirkley Mill Ogle Rev. Edward Chaloner, Kirkley Hall Ridley Henry and George, farmers, East Kirkley Thorn Scott Thos. cartwright and joiner, Kirkley Westgate Stobert George, miller and farmer, Kirkley Mill Surtees Errington, farmer, Dam House Thornton V/illiam, farmer, Carter Moor MiLBUEN is a township and hamlet, the property of Nathaniel Bates, Esq. of Milburn Hall. The township contains 1,210 acres, and its population in 1801, was 80; in 1811, 112; in 1821, 82; in 1831, 101; in 1811, 79; and in 1851, 92 souls. P^obert de Meneville is the first proprietor of this town- ship on record. He held it by knight's service, under the barony of Morpeth. It subsequently passed to the Bates family with whom it still remains. The Hamlet of Milburn is situated ten and half miles north-west of Newcastle. MiLBUEN Hall, the seat of Nathaniel Bates, Esq., is a beautiful edifice, erected in 1809, from designs by Patterson, of Edinburgh. " The rooms are all oval, and elegance and utility have been happily united tlu'ough the whole structure." 54^ CASTLE WABD — WEST DIVISION, Directory, — Nathaniel Bates, Esq., Milburn Hall; Miss Jane Ann Bates, Milburn Hall; Miss Sarah Bates, Milburn Hall; John Gilhespey, black- smith; Joseph Potts, boot and shoemaker ; and the farmers are, Joseph Bates, Low House ; William Charlton, East Farm ; Robert Fairbairn, and miller, Milburn Mill ; William James, Glebe Farm ; Thomas Laws, High House ; John Scott, South East Farm ; and George Wren. Milburn Grange is a township situated three and half miles north-west of Ponteland, and ten and half miles north-west of Newcastle. It contains o29 acres, and its rateable value is £542. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 33; in 1811, 33; in 1821, 32; in 1831, 44; in 1841, 37; and in 1851, 38 souls. Lord Decies is the proprietor of the entire township. The tithes amount to £72 per annum. Milburn Grange, or North Milburn, was held of the Mitford baronj, in the reign of Henry III., by Simon de Divelston, who gave it to the abbey of Hexham, but after the suppression of the monastic institutions, it became the property of Bertram Anderson, from w^hom it was transferred to Edward Horsley, coming ultimately to the present proprietor. Milburn Grange consists of three farms and a few cottages, separated from Milburn by a deep narrow glen, through which runs the burn, whence the two townships derive their names. Directory. — John Bell, boot and shoemaker ; and the farmers are, John and Ralph Nixon, Milburn West Grange; John, William, and Edward Pye, Milburn Grange ; and John Story, Milburn East Grange. Ponteland is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of Edward Collingwood, Esq., Matthias Dunn, Esq., George Stephenson, Esq., Robert Bell, Esq., and Messrs. Clarke and Raine. Tbe township comprises an area of 1,733 acres, and its rateable value is £2,697 4s. Population in 1801, 327; in J 811, 313; in 1821, 358; in J 831, 381; in 1841, 424 ; and in 1851, 495 souls. Ponteland was part of the ancient possessions of the barons of Mitford, and by an inquisition taken at New- castle in the tenth year of the reign of Edward II., is noted as part of the property of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke. Admiral Robert Mitford, of Henmanby, Yorkshire, is the present lord of the manor. The Village of Ponteland is pleasantly situated on the western banks of the river Pont from which it derives its name. It was the opinion of Camden that this village occupied the site of the Pons ^lii of the Romans, but Mr. Horsley has ably proved this opinion to be erroneous. In 1 244 the kingdoms of England and Scotland had nearly come to an open rupture, the King of England being at Newcastle with an army, and the King of Scotland with another at Ponteland. A peace, however, was agreed upon, through the mediation of the Archbishop of York. Previous to the battle of Otterburn the castle and village of Ponteland were given to the flames by the Scottish army. The Parish Church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, is of a mixed style of architecture, the Norman, however, bemg most prevalent. It under- went a thorough renovation in 1810, and is now in a very fair state of preser- vation. In the chancel are the burial places of the Grof ton's and Wilkie s, of EUand Hall; the Horsley 's, of Milburn Grange ; the Ogle's, of Kirkley ; PONTELAND PARISH. ^ 549 and the Carr's, of Dunstan. " This church was formerly collegiate, and con- tained a chantry dedicated to St. Mary. The parish register commences in 1602. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, valued in the Liber Kegis at £13. 6s. 8d. ; gross in- come £570. The patronage is vested in Morton College, Oxford. Vicar, the Rev. John Lightfoot, B.D., for whom the Rev. James Robson, M.A. officiates. The Scotch Presbyterians and Wesleyan Methodists have also chapels here. PoNTELAND Chaeity or Feee School was erected and endowed pursuant to the will of Mr. Richard Coates, who, in 1719, bequeathed property worth £70 per annum to the parish of Ponteland for that purpose. The Archdeacon of Northumberland, the Vicar of Ponteland, and the lecturer of St. John's, Newcastle, are the trustees, with the right of appointing the master. The endowment at present (1854) produces £75 annually, for which forty poor children are educated and partly clothed. They are received at seven years of age and continue at school till they have attained their eleventh year. The master receives £50 per annum, and is allowed to take other scholars who pay a small fee for their education. The school was rebuilt in 1831, and now' possesses sufficient accommodation for seventy pupils. The Castle Ward Poor-Law Union comprehends seventy-eight parishes and townships, including an area of 88,587 statute acres, and a population in 1851, of 13,897 souls. The parishes and towmships are Belsay, Berwick Hill, Bitchfield, Black Heddon, Bolam, Bolam Vicarage, Bradford, Brenkle}^ Brunton (East), Brunton (West), Butterlaw, Callerton (Black), Callerton (High), Callerton (Little), Capheaton, Cheeseburn Grange, Coldcoats, Cox- lodge, Dalton, Darras Hall, Denton (East), Denton (West), Dinnington, Dissington (North), Dissington (South), Eachwick, Fawdon, Fenwick, Gallow Hill, Gosforth (North), Gosforth (South), Harlow Hill, Harnham, Hawkwell, Heddon (East), Heddon-on-the-Wall, Heddon (West), Heugh, Horton Grange, Higham Dykes, Haughton and Closehouse, Ligoe, Kearsley, Kenton (East and West), Kirkheaton, Kirkley, Mason, Maften(East), Maften (West), Milburn, Milburn Grange, Nesbit, Newbiggin, Newburn, Newburn Hall, Newham, Ogle, Ouston, Ponteland, Prestwick, Riplington, Rudchester, Ryall, Shaftoe (East), Shaftoe (West), Shilvington,Shortflatt, Stannington, Sugley,Throckley, Trewick, Twizell, Walbottle, Walridge, Whalton, Whorlton (East and West), Whitchester, and Woolsington. The Castle Ward Union Worhouse is situated near the village. It is plain brick building, erected in 1848-49, by Mr. John Donkin, of Belle Villa, Ponteland, from designs furnished by Messrs. John and Benjamin Green, of Newcastle. It possesses sufficient accommodation for 100 persons. Governor, John Stephenson^ matron, Margaret Stephenson ; surgeon, Edward Mitchell ; relieving officer, James Spraggon. The river Pont is crossed here by a stone bridge of two very low arches, and it is not an uncommon occurrence for these arches to be blocked up in winter by large masses of ice, which causes the lower part of the village to be inundated. Similar floods occur during the summer montlis after heavy falls of rain. 550^ CASTLE "WARD— WEST DIVISION. Eland Geeen is a hamlet in tliis township, half a mile N.N.W. of Ponteland. Charities. — George Sharper, in 1780, left a rent charge of £l to the poor of this parish, and in 1829, Elizabeth Alder gave to the minister and church- wardens of Ponteland, £20 on trust, to place out the same, and distribute the interest yearly amongst the poor inhabitants of the township of High Callerton, Post Office, Ponteland, Ealph. Brown, postmaster. Letters arrive here, from New- castle, at 10-30 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 8-15 p.m. Allison Henry, veterinary surgeon AUison Margaret, vict. Windmill Inn Bates George, vict. Diamond Inn Bates Joseph, cartwright and joiner, BeUe Villa Berkley Matthew C. butcher BlacMock Mrs. Margaret, Belle Villa Brown Ealph, schoolmaster, auctioneer, and postmaster Charlton William, hoot and shoemaker Chicken Wm. millwright and pumpmaker, . Belle Villa Chpson Micliael, brick and tile manufactu- rer, Ponteland Tile Works, West Houses Coxon John, butcher Dodds William, grocer and farmer Donkin John, Ijuilder, Belle Villa Doukin Mrs. Mary, Belle Villa Donkin Robert, stonemason Henderson Joseph, cartwright and joiner, Eland Grange Hunter Mrs. Mary Jameson James, boot and shoemaker Jameson John, boot & shoemaker, grocer, and parish clerk, Belle Villa Jameson John, jun. boot and shoemaker. Belle Villa Jameson William, surgeon, Eland Lodge Laws Eobert, grocer and draper Laws John Dixon, brewer, Ponteland Brewery Lumsdon Geo. vict. Blackhird Inn Maughan Mr. William, Belle Villa Mitchell Edward D. surgeon, Belle Villa Moorhead Henry, blacksmith Newton Miss Mary, Belle Villa Eeay Thomas & Henry, blacksmiths and agricultural implement makers, BeUe Villa Eobson Eev. James, M.A. vicar. Vicarage Eobson Launcelot, millwright and pump- maker, BeUe Villa Spraggon Jas. relieving oflacer, & registrar of births & deaths for Ponteland district Stepbenson John, governor of Castle Ward Union Workhouse Stobert Henry, farmer and miller, Ponte- land Mill Stobert James, miller Tone William, saddler and harness maker Wales William, tailor Warburton Eussell, saddler&harness maker Weddle John, stonemason Vfilson Mr. Eobert B. Belle Villa Yeamans Sarah, vict. Seven Stai's Young Mrs. Mary, Belle Villa Farmers Dodds William, & grocer Hays Thomas, West Farm Lumsdon Wra. Smallbone Kaine W^m. The Building Eeed William, Ponteland West Houses Stephenson George, Eland Green Stobert Henry, and miller, Ponteland Mill Taylor Thos. Eland HaU Temperley Joseph, Eland Hall Thompson Thomas, Lane House TurnbuU James, Chck-em-in Caerier. — Fatkin Fenwick, to Newcastle, on Thursdays. RiVEE Geeen is a small extra parochial liberty, situated on the south bank of the river Wansbeck, five miles west by south of Morpeth. It contains. an area of 480 acres, and its rateable value is £338. The population in 1801, was 33 ; in 1811, 62 ; in 1831, 51, in 1831, 48 ; in 1841, 30 ; and in 1851, 34 souls. It is the property of John Cookson Esq., by whom it is farmed. Agricultural labourers are the only inhabitants. ST. JOHNS PARISH. ST. JOHN'S PAEISH. This parisli comprises the townships of Benwell, Elswick, St. John, and Westgate, the two latter constituting the western portion of the town and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with which their histories, &c., are incorpo- rated. The parish contains 2,358 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 6,628 ; in 1811, 6,673 ; in 1821, 9,410 ; in 1831, 13,196 ; in 1841, 22,452 ; and in 1851, it had increased to 31,146 souls. Benwell is a township and village in the above parish, comprising an area of 1,346 acres. The population in 1801, was 951 ; in 1811, 1,064 ; in 1821, 1,296 ; in 1831, 1,278 ; in 1841, 1,433 ; and in 1851, 1,272 souls. The rateable value of the township in 1853, was d66,704 17s.; and the principal proprietors a,re YN^illiam Ord, Esq., of Whitfield, and the executors of Joseph Crahall, Esq. The soil is generally fertile, and there are extensive coal mines worked by Mr. John Brown, of Benwell Bank Top, and Messrs. Wheatley and Musgrove. The manor of Benwell vvas anciently held under the barouy of Bolbeck, by the Benwells, Whitchesters, and Delavals. It subsequently became the property of the Shaftoes and the Archdeacons, from the latter of whom it was purchased by the notorious A. E. S. Bowes, after whose decease it was sold in lots, and realised the sum of £65,000. Andrew Bobinson Stoney Bowes came to Newcastle an ensign in the 4th regiment of foot, and succeeded in marrying the daughter and heiress of William Newton, Esq., of Burnopfield, in the county of Durham. This lady, who possessed a fortune of £20,000, was treated most cruelly by her husband, and died without issue. He subsequently married the Countess of Strathmore, a most accomplished young widow, who had been left, by her lord's death, in the possession of immense property. In consequence of this marriage lie assumed the name of Bowes, and afterwards became High Sheriff of North- umberland and M.P. for Newcastle. In consequence of his cruelty to the Countess, she obtained a divorce, but in a short time afterwards she was com- pelled to exhibit articles of peace against him, which resulted in his being sentenced to pay a fine of £300 to the king, to be confined in the King's Bench Piison for three years, and at the expiration thereof, to find security for fourteen years, himself in £10,000, and two securities in £5,000 each. He died within the rules of the King's Bench Prison, London, on the 16th of January, 1810. The Village of Benwell is situated two and a half miles west from Newcastle, and is supposed to have been the Condercum of the Romans. It is also said to be the first place in Great Britain where coal was wrought. In the 1 7th centmy a coal seam in the neighbourhood took fire by a candle, and burned for nearly thirty years, spreading into Fenham Grounds, and bursting out in the manner of a volcano, in several places. There is a Chapel of Ease here dedicated to St. James, erected in 1832, at an expense of £1,668 14s. 5d. It is in the Gothic style, and possesses accommodation for 600 persons. For ecclesiastical purposes it was made a district parish in 1842. Incumbent, Bev. William Maughan, GASTLE WARD — ^\VEST DIVISION. The ruins of Benwell Hall were entirely removed in 1831, and a new stone building, in a castellated form, erected upon the old foundation, by Thomas Crahall, Esq. Benwell High Cross is a hamlet in this township, situated one mile and three quarters west from Newcastle. Paradise is a village, also in this town- ship, situated on the north bank of the river Tyne, one mile and three quarters west of Newcastle. Benwell House, the seat of W. Isaac Cookson, Esq., is beautifully situated, and commands fine views of the valley of the Tyne, and the surrounding country. Benwell Grove stands north of the village, and is the seat of Charles H. Cooke, Esq. Near this latter is situated Benwell Lodge, the seat of W. J. Harding, Esq. Benwell Tower is the residence of George Anderson, Esq. Post Office, Benwell, Ann Cowens, postmistress. — Letters ai-rive from Newcastle at 10 15 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 3-35 j).m. Anderson Geo. coalowner, Benwell Tower Anderson Joseph, attorney, Benwell Tower Arkle Edward, stonemason Brown John, coalowner, Benwell Bank Top Brown Rohert, shoemaker Carr John, grocer, Benwell High Row Challoner John S. sharebroker, Benwell Lodge Clasper Henry, boat builder, Benwell Boat House Cooke Charles Henry, Esq. Benwell Grove Cookson William Isaac, merchant, BenweU House Gibson John, malster Gibson Roger, Deluval Gildard John, wine merchant, Low Benwell Hall George, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker, Benwell. Harding Mr. W. James, Benwell Lodge Hawthorn V/illiam, engineer Henderson James, shoemaker, Benwell Old Engine Johnson John, butcher Maughan Rev. "William, incumbent Milthorpe Robert, gardener and seedsman, Benwell Toll-bar Mulcaster John Peter, Esq. Benwell Park ; offices, 51, Westgate-street, Newcastle Robson William, blacksmith, Benwell StaiLh Ross John, merchant tailor Stirling William, assistant overseer Smith George, shopkeeper Thirl well Peter, joiner and cartwright Wheatley & Musgrove, coal owners, Ben- well Park Colhery Wlieatley Robert., coal owner (Wheatly and Musgrove) ; ho. Benwell Wooldxidge John, grocer Tarmers Cook William, Benwell High Gross Dixon Thomas, Benwell New Houses Gardner Cuthbert, & builder, Silver Hill Harrett Thomas and Henryj Benwell Kirton Geo, and coal, lime, and brick merchant, Low Benwell Mack James, Benwell High Cross Oliver Thos. BenweU Hills Inns Fox and Hounds, Jas. Tate, Benwell Bank Top Green Tree, John Dodds JRoMn Adair, Andrew Spoor Thorn Tree, Joseph Gibson Pyle Ralph, beerhouse Elswick tovrnship is bounded on the north by the Town Moor, on the west, by the township of Benwell, on the south, by the river Tyne, and on the east, by Westgate township. It contains 783 acres, and its rateable value is £17,000. The population in 1801, was 301 ; in 1811, 398 ; in 1821, 434, in 1831, 787 ; in 1841, 1,789 ; and in 1851, it had increased to 3,539 souls. Elswick is situated on the north bank of the Tyne, and west of New- castle to which place it forms a suburb, and with which it is included for STANNINGTON PAHISH. 553 muuicipal and parliamentary purposes. That part of the townsliip which extends from Skinner s-burn to the borders of Benwell, is called Low Elswick, the other portion High Elswick. There are extensive manufactories here whicli have been noticed in speaking of Newcastle. The Newcastle-upon-Tyne Pooe Law Union comprehends eleven parishes and townships embracing an area of 7,109 statute acres, and a population in 1851, of 89,156 souls. The parishes are All Saints', St. John's, St. Nicholas's, and St. Andrew's. The townships are Byker, Westgate, Elswick, Jesmond, Heaton, Benwell, and Fenham ; the two latter are in the county of Northumberland, the rest form the borough of Newcastle-upon Tjne. The annual expenditure for the relief of the poor is about £Q 8,000. This union is divided into four districts, over each of which there is a relieving officer. The number of poor people receiving out-door relief is about 5,200. The board of guardians numbers eighty-five members, eighteen of whom are guardians ex-officio, the remainder are elective. Henry Ingledew, chairman ; Thomas Ridley, vice-chairman, George Forster, clerk. The Union Woekhouse is situated in this township, about one mile west of Newcastle. It is a substantial and suitable building, erected in 1840, and will accommodate 500 persons. The number at present amounts to 508. In August, 1843, the guardians purchased the adjoining estate, known by the name of the " Milestone Estate," from the executrix of the late Mr. Richard Wardle. It contains upwards of thirty-two acres, and it is intended to erect upon it schools for 400 pupils, an infirmary for the sick children, and to con- vert the remainder into an extensive garden. The whole of the workhouse, together with the new buildings, are to be drained upon new and improved principles. The order and regularity observable in this establishment re- flect the highest credit upon the governor, Mr. Robert Salmon. Westgate, a township in the above named parish, forms the north-western suburb of Newcastle, with which it is joined for municipal and other purposes. It contains 229 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 669 ; in 1811, 745 ; in, 1821, 1,360; in 1831, 2,296 ; in 1841, 10,489; and in 1851, it had increased to 16,477 souls. This township contains many spacious streets and handsome houses of recent erection. The Directory, &c., of these townships, are included in that of Newcastle. STANNINGTON PARISH. Stanm'ngton parish is divided into three divisions, called respectively Stanuington North-East Quarter, Stannington North-West Quarter, and Stannington South Quarter, which comprise the townships of Bellasis-with- Boghall, Blagdon-wdth-Milkhope, Clifton -with -Col dwell, Duddoes-with- Whinney Hill, Plessy-with-Shotton, Saltwick, Stannington, and Stannington Vale, whose united area is 10,093 acres. The population in 1801, was 1,252; in 1811, 1,270; in 1821, 963; in 1831, 1,252; in 1841, 1,121; and in 1851, 1,000 souls. This decrease of population is attributed to the disuse 2 L 2 554 CASTLE WARD— WEST DIMSION. of a collieiy, and a spinning mill. The soil of this district is generally rich and well cuhivated. The principal landowners are the Eari of Cariisle and Sir Matthew Yfhite Ridley, Bart. Stannington parish is bounded on the north by Morpeth, on the west by Whalton and Ponteland, on the south by Ponteland, and on the east by Bedlingtonshire, and the chapehies of Crani- lington and Horton. Bellasis-with-Boghall is a township consisting of three farms on the north-side of the river Blyth, five and half miles west by south of Morpeth. The population, acreage, &o., are returned with the parish. DiEECTOET. — The farmers are James and John Crawford, Boghall ; and James Dand and Robert Robsons, Bellasis. BlactDOx-w^th-Milkhope township is situated eight and a quarter miles north by west of Newcastle, and two miles south of Stannington. The popu- lation, acreage, &c., are included in the parish returns. The manor of Blagdon was held under the barony of Morpeth, in the reign of Henry III., by John de Plessis, but in 1567, it was the property of the Fenwick's, by whom it was sold to the Whites, merchants, of Newcastle, who became united with^ the ancient and opulent family of Ridley, by the marriage of Matthew Ridley, Esq., with EHzabeth, eldest daughter and heiress of Matthew White, Esq., in 174S. The ancient family seat of the Ridley's was at Hardriding, near Haltwhistle. Sir Matthew White, who was created a baronet in 1756, died in 1763, and was succeeded by his nephew Sir Matthew AVhite Ridley, Bart, who died universally lamented in 1813, having represented the town and county of Newcastle for thirty-eight years, to the great satisfaction of his con- stituents. There is a beautiful monument to his memory in the church of St. Nicholas, Newcastle. Upon his decease, at the period above mentioned, the family honours and estates devolved upon his son, Sir Matthew White Ridley, who represented Newcastle in parliament for a period of twenty-four years. He died at Richmond, Surrey, on July loth, 1836, in the fifty-eighth year of his age, and was succeeded by his son, the present vforthy baronet, who married, in 1841, Cecilia Anne, eldest daughter of the Right Hon. Sir James Parke. Blagdon Hall, the seat of Sir Matthew AATiite Ridley, Bart., is a hand- some structure, containing many highly finished apartments. The extensive' gardens and pleasure grounds are ornamented by some fine sheets of water, two neat lodges, and the Kale Cross, the latter of which formerly stood at the Foot of the Side in Newcastle. It was removed in 1807, and presented by the corporation to its don-or. Sir Matthev/ White Ridley, Bart,., who caused it to be set up here. Milkhope is that part of Blagdon estate that was formerly called Stumpy Riggs. DiEECTORY — Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart., Blagdon HaU ; WiUiam Fenwick, assistant overseer; Frederick Turner, land agent; William Bell, woodman, Old Dog Kennel ; Joseph Stott, wood keeper ; and Matthew and Thomas Somer^dlle, farmers, Milkhope. Glifton-with-Coldwell is a township in the parish of Stanniugton, with I STAN NIK GTON PAKISH. 555- wMcli the acreage, population, &c., are returned. It is situated two and a half miles south of Morpeth, and is the property of the Earl of Carlisle, who possesses the whole of the northern part of this parish, Clifton is a small village, hut Coldwell is merely a single field. DiEECTOEY. — Elizaheth Gray, farmer ; and Mark Taylor, innkeeper. Duddoes-with-Whinney Hill is a township in the above parish, situated four miles S.S.W. of Morpeth. It consists of four farms called East, Middle, and West Duddoes, and Whinney Hill Farms. The acreage and population are included in the parish returns. DiEECTOEY. — John Green, managing farmer, Whinney Hill ; and Thomas Heron, West Duddoe. Plessy-with-Shotton township comprises the hamlets of Plessy, Plessy Checks, Shotton, and Shotton Edge, and is situated six miles south by east of Moi'peth. This place gave name to the ancient family of Plessis, and was possessed by John de Plessis in the reign of Edward I., at which period it was held by the service of one knight's fee. It is now the property of Sir Matthew White Pddley, Bart., who is also the proprietor of the Shotton estate, which is situated upon a rocky eminence overlooking the great North Road. Corn milling is carried on here by Ralph and John Venus, who have a mill on the banks of the Blyth. DiEECTOEY. — Mr. Dunn, Shotton Edge; George Marshall, schoolmaster and grocer, Plessy Checks ; William Dhniing, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker, Shotton Edge; Ralph and John Venus, corn millers, Plessy Mills ; George Custard, vict. and blacksmith. Three Horse Shoes, Plessy Checks ; Robert Wilkinson, woodman, Plessy Checks ; and the farmers are William Crawford, Shotton ; John Davison, Shotton ; John Tindle Smith, Plessy Checks ; and Thomas Stamp, Plessy New Houses, Saltwick township is situated north of the river Blyth, four and a half miles S.S.W. of Morpeth. Its acreage, population, &c., are returned with the parish. The tithes were commuted in 1839 ; aggregate amount d61 16 1 Os. lid. due to the impropriator, and £'3 3s. 6d. to the vicar of Stannington. The principal resident is Mr. John Chrisp, land agent. Stannington is a township and village, giving name to the parish in which it is situated. Its population, acreage, &c., are included in the parish returns. It was anciently held under the barony of Morpeth, by the Greystock family, from whom it passed to the Somervilles, and we find that the famous Roger Thornton, of Newcastle, died possessed of one half of this manor in 1429, The Village of Stannington is situated on the North Road, about ten miles north by west of Newcastle, and five miles south of Morpeth. The Chuech, dedicated to St. Mary, is a very ancient structure, erected at different periods, and exhibiting various styles of architecture. The prevailing character, however, is Norman, and it possesses a very ornate porch in that style. The south wall and chancel are of a somewhat later date, and it is stated that while some repairs were being made within the east window, the remains of the original circular ended chancel were discovered. The north-west aisle has either never been built, as is not unusual, or it has been destroyed at some 550 CASTLE WARD WEST DR'ISION. unascertained period, for the spaces between the aisles are built up and fur- nished with windows. The tower is lofty and curious, having several tiers of obtusely arched stone flooring, to which access is gained by traps broken through the floor, and by laddei's placed one above the other. In the chancel are some fine specimens of old stained glass, which were placed there, in 1772, at the expense of Sir Matthew White Eidley, Bart. The church contains a mural tablet to the memory of the Rev. Timothy M3^ers, who died in 1815, having been vicar of this parish for a period of 29 years. It is much to be regretted that this ancient structure is in so ruinous a state, and it is to be hoped that some steps will soon be taken to preserve so interestmg a relic of antiquity. The parish register commences in 1658. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, is valued in the Liber Regis at £5 13s. 4d., gross income £400. Patron, the Bishop of Durham ; vicar, the Rev. H, K. Collinson, M.x\. The Vicarage, erected in 1745, is situated at a short distance east of the church. There are two Day and Sunday schools here, one for boys and the other for girls. The latter was established by the late Lady Ridley. The Boys' School has an endowment of £11 per annum, £9 of which were bequeathed by Mr. John Moore of Well Hill, and the remaining £2 by Mrs. Grey. The average number, in attendance at these schools, amounts to 100 children of both sexes. Mr. Christopher Carrick is teacher, and also librarian to a circu- lating library of 200 volumes which has been established in the village. The York, Berwick, and Newcastle Railway Company have a station a short distance east of the village, Robert Potts, station master. Post Office SiAKNiNaTON, Elizabeth Kichardson, postmistress. Letters arrive from Morpeth, at 11 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 2 p.m. Anderson James, farmer, Catrow Atkinson Edward, farmer, Stannington White House Buckbarrow J. T. farmer, Longh House Carrick Christopher, schoolmaster and librarian Collin Eobert, joiner and cartwright Collinson Eev. H. K. M.A. vicar, Yicarage Errington Eobert, farmer, Stannington Moor Eraser David, shopkeeper Gray Edward, farmer, Stannington Moor Humble Edward, farmer Jackson John, blacksmith Jobling James Henry, farmer Jordan John, blacksmith Nesbit J. boot and shoemaker Potts John, joiner and cartwright Eichardson "William, farmer, and yeoman Eichardson William, tailor Eobinson Thomas, farmer, Stannington North Moor White Eobert, tailor Young Eobert, sexton and parish clerk Inns Howard's Arms, Elizabeth Eobinson Sun^ Anthony Turner, and butcher - Stannington Vale township extends from the village of Stannington to the river Blyth, which is here crossed by a handsome stone bridge on the oblique principle. It is a beautiful and romantic district, the banks of the river being finely wooded, and the scenery for some distance eastward of Stannington is greatly admired. It is distant from Morpeth about four miles. The population, acreage, &c., are returned with the parish. Here is a good corn-miJl worked by Mr. Robert Armer. WHALTON PARISH. 557 DiEECTOEY. — Eobert Armer, com miller, Stannington Vale Mill; and William Besford, boot and shoemaker. WHALTON PARISH. Whaltox is a parish comprising the townships of Newham, Ogle, Ripling- ton, and Whalton. It is bounded on the north by Meldon parish, on the west by Tindale Ward, on the south by Newburn parish, and on the east by Ponteland. It comprises an area of 5,918 acres, and its population in 1801, was^470; in 1811, 541; in 1821, 534; in 1831,548; inl84], 531 ; andin J851, 461 souls. The decrease of population in Whalton, which is an agricultural parish, is attributed to the employment of single men instead of married labourers as formerl}^ The rivers Blyth and Howburn intersect this parish. Newham township is situated seven miles south-west by west of Morpeth, and contains 1,321 acres. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 70 ; in 1811, 69; in 1821, 76; in 1831, 83; in 1841, 65 ; and in 1851, 59 souls. The tithes were commuted in 1839; aggregate amount £164 7s, 2d. This township consists of the following hamlets, Newham Edge, East Newham, West Newham, Middle Newham, and Huntlaw. The principal landowners are Lord Decies, and the Rev. E. C. Ogle, MA., Kirkley Hall. Directory. — John Boiston, vict., Highlander, Newham Edge ; and the farmers are Robert Nixon, Huntlaw; James Robson, West Newham; Wm. Robson, East Newham; and Robert Rutter, Nun Hill. Ogle is a township and small village in the above parish, comprising 2,117 acres. The population of the township in 1801, was 122; in 1811, 140; in 1821, 148; in 1831, 137 ; in 1841, 121; and in 1851, 102 souls. It was the property of a family which bore the local name from the earliest period of history until the year 1809. John de Ogle held this manor of the Barony of Whalton, by the service of one knight's fee, but adhering to the barons in the time of Henry III., his estate was forfeited and not recovered till the reign of Edward III., who, in 1340, granted license to Robert de Ogle to castellate his manor-house, and to have free warren through all his demesne. This Robert Ogle married Helena, daughter and heiress of Sir Robert Bertram, of Bothal, greatly increased his inheritance, and entailed the castle and manor of Bothal and other possessions in this county, upon the heirs male of his body, on condition that they should bear the name of Ogle, and the arms of Ogle and Bothal quartered. The Lords Ogle continued in possession of the manor and castle, which descended to the Duke of Portland, the eldest co-heir of the Barony of Ogle, till 1809, when it was purchased by Thomas Brown, Esq., an opulent shipowner in London, for £ J 80,000. The castle, which w^as very strong and surrounded by two moats, has been long demolished, and but a few fragments of the ruins now remain. The Village of Ogle is situated six and a half miles south-w^est of Morpeth. Directory. — Edward Trewick, blacksmith ; George Wilson, cartwright; William Laidler, boot and shoemaker ; and the farmers are Robert Ditchburn, Hill Head ; Thomas Elliott (and steward) ; James Gledson and Michael Watson, Ogle South Farm. 558 CASTLE WARD—WEST DIVISION. RiPLiNGTON is a small township about one mile west by north of WhaltOn. Its area is 377 acres," and its population in 3 801, was 15 ; in 1811, 25; in 18:31, 25; in 1831, 17; in 1841, 30; and in 1851, 13, souls, This town- ship is situated on the extreme verge of Castle Ward, and consists of one farm, the property of Cuthbert Teasdale, Esq. DiRECTOET. — C. Todd, farmer. Whalton is a tovrnship and village in the parish of the same name, the pro- perty of Thomas Eochester, Esq., and others. The township contains 2,103 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 263 ; in 1811, 307 ; in 1821, 285 ; in 1831, 311 ; in 1841, 315 ; and in 1851, 287 souls. It was anciently the property of Robert de Crammavil, who held it by the service of three knights' fees. Failing in rendering the accustomed service, it was seized upon by King John, who granted it to the Fitz-Roger family, in whose pos- session it remained till the reign of Edward I. We afterwards find it the property of the Scropes of Masham ; but in the reign of James I. it was held by the Crown, and was subsequently granted to the Meggisons of Whalton, and others, coming ultimately into the possession of the present proprietors. The Village of A¥halton is pleasantly situated on the Bolam road, six miles W.S.W. of Morpeth, and has been long distinguished as one of the neatest and cleanest villages in the county. It possesses many good houses, some of which have tastefully ornamented gardens in front, enclosed with elegant palisades. There is a remarkable ancient camp or entrenchment to the east of the village. The Parish Church is situated to the south of Whalton. It is very ancient, and was repaired and pinnacles added to the tower in 1783. Several members of the Ogle family are buried in its chancel. The parish register commences in 1661. The living, a rectory in the arch- deacoury of Lindisfarne and deanery of Morpeth, is valued in the Liber Regis at £13 8s. li-d. ; gross income £800. R. Bates, Esq. is patron, and the Rev. John E. EUiott, rector. Here is an endowed school for the education of poor children. The original endowment consisted of £20, left by Margaret Moor in 1728, but it has been augmented by the sale of the land which was purchased soon after the donor's death. Alder C. farmer, Kiplaw Bewick Joseph, farmer, Whitoside Brovm James, 'blacksmitli Brown Joseph, schoolmaster Brown Thomas, tailor Charlton Thomas, shopkeeper Cook Henry, com miller, Whalton MiU Elliott Eev. Eohert, rector, Eectory Foster Mr. W. T. Gihson Mr. J. C. Harret W. H. farmer Hedley William, farmer MUboum Eohert, hoot and shoemaker and shopkeeper Moserop John, joiner Phillipson James, veterinary surgeon Pickering George, shopkeeper Postgate Francis, shopkeeper Eamsay Thomas, farmer, Beauley Cross Eohson Matthew, shopkeeper Eobson James, vict. Thatched House Eochester Thomas, Esq. Scott John, boot and shoemaker Spearman Joseph, butcher Stappard J. farmer Towers John, stonemason Turnbull Thomas, vict. Seven Stars Yardy Eohert, surgeon BAMBEOITGH WARD. This Ward is bounded on tlie north by Islandshire, on the west by Glen- dale Ward, on the south by Coquetdale Ward, and on the east by the German Ocean. It is divided into two divisions North and South, whose united area is 69,263 statute acres. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 8,330; in 1841, 10,944; and in 1851, it had increased to 12,336 souls. Bam- brough Ward possesses a fine fertile soil, particularly on the banks of the Alu, and in the eastern district. The surface is generally level, though in the northern portion of the ward, there are some gentle elevations. It is irri- gated by several rivulets, which pursuing an easterly course fall into the German Ocean. The following table exhibits the names of the parishes, their acreage, number of houses, and population in 1851. PARISHES. Bambrough . . . Belford EUingham . . . Embleton . . . Howick Lesbury Longhoughton Acres. Houses. POPULATION. Males. Females. Total. 26,234 907 2,175 2,370 4,545 11,604 360 867 990 1,857 9.124 195 474 462 936 13,228 443 1,091 1,184 2,275 1,692 54 156 159 315 2,624 285 600 638 1,238 4,113 162 406 455 861 CHARITIES OF BAMBROUGH WARD. Date. 1709. 1712. 1712. 1712. 1718. 1729. 1738. 1742. 1747. 1749. 1749. 1814, Donors and nature of gifts. M. Grey (rent charge) ........ Bambrougli CliiircL Estate (rent) . . Eev. Vincent Edwards, (rent and dividends) Kev. Vincent Edwards (interest) . . . . Eev. Vincent Edwards (rent) . , Henry Strother (rent) , Chessman (rent charge) Scott (interest) John Coulter (rent) Wood (rent charge) . . . , Sir H. Grey (rent charge) , Sir H. Grey (rent charge) , Neale (rent charge) . To what places & purposes applied. Annual value Howick school i*12, Stanningto'n school £2, and curate of How- ick for catechising children £1 15 Churchwardens account 100 Embleton parish — school 8 Teaching three poor children of Rock chapelry, reading writing and the catechism Embleton parish — poor . Lesbury — school 7 Longhoughtou parish — poor . Renuington cliapelry — poor. . . Lesbury parish — poor ^5 to poor of Fallowden town ship, the residue to poor of Embleton parish Howick parish — poor . . . Howick — school Longhoughton parish — poor on Christmas-day Total 1 4 . 18 7 8 . 3 . 10 . 7 8 f . 10 5 . 5 . 10 ^173 8 BAMBROUGH WARD— NORTH DIVISION. BAMBROUGH PARISH. Bambeough is a parish, comprising two chapelries and twenty-two town- sliips, and is about eight miles long by six broad. It occupies the whole breadth of the ward from Budle Bay and Belford, to Beadnel and Ellingham, and comprises an area of 26,234 acres. Its population in 1801, was 2,935 ; in 1811, 3,114; in 1821, 3,342; in 1831, 3,949; in 1841, 4,237; and in 1851, 4,545 souls. Adderstone, a township in Bambrough parish, is situated three miles S.S.E. from Belford. It contains 2,603 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberjand, John Church, Esq., John Pratt, Esq., Thomas A. Graham, Esq., and others ; and its annual value is £3,714. 10s. Population in 1801, 800; in 1811, 327; in 1821, 342; in 1831, 322; in 1841, 302; and in 1851, 299 souls. The manor of Adderstone was anciently the property of the Forsters, who had a seat here, but in 1763 it was transferred to John Wm. Bacon, Esq., by whom Adderstone Hall was erected, and subsequently came into the possession of John Pratt, Esq., of Bell's Hill, in this town- ship. Adderstone Hall is at present unoccupied. Twizell House, the seat of P. Selby, Esq., J. P., is a fine mansion, and not more remarkable for its exterior appearance and situation, than for the beautiful museum which it contains. This township is intersected by the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway. Directory. — P. Selby, Esq., J. P., Twizell House ; William Anderson, farmer and joiner ; and WilHam Aitcheson, William Dinning, William Keen, and Thomas Tate, farmers. Bambrough, a township and village in the parish of the same name, contains 1,242 acres of land, of which the annual value is £2,126. The principal proprietors are the trustees of the late Lord Crewe. Its population in 1801, was 295 ; in 1811, 298; in 1821, 342; in 1831, 417; in 1841, 375; and in 1851, 416 souls. This township includes a place called Fovvberry. The Village of Bambrough occupies a fine healthy situation, about four and three quarter miles east by north of BeKord. It was once a royal burgh and sent two members to parliament, but even the market has long been disused. A monastery for regular canons of the order of St. Augustine was founded here, in the year 1137, by King Henry 1. This monastery was a filiation of the priory of Nostell, near Poutefract, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and was valued in 1534 at £116. 12s. 5d. After the Dissolution it was granted to John Forster. Here was also a college, an hospital, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalen, and a house of Dominicans. The Parish Church, dedicated to St. Aidan, is a plain neat structure, and from its appearance I BAMBROUGH PARISH. 561 there is every reason to suppose it has been built at different periods. Mention is made of a church here as early as the year 651. The parish register com- mences in 1638. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Bambrough, rated in the parliamentary returns at £109 18s. 9d. ; gross income, £121. The church estate of this parish is £100 per annum. Patrons, the trustees of the late Lord Crewe ; incumbent, the Rev. William Darnell, M.A. Charity. — Bambrough Church Estate. — There is an estate at Fowberry, an extra parochial district, situated within the parish of Bambrough, the rents of which have, for a long series of years, been applied to the purposes of a church-rate. There are no deeds or documents in the parish, showing how the parishioners became possessed of this property. The estate consists of a farm house and outbuildings, with about siKty-three acres of land, producing an annual rent of £100. The estate is let by the minister and four and twenty parishioners, and the rents are received by the minister and churchwardens, and applied to all the purposes of a church-rate, as well as the expense of repairing and ornamenting the church ; no part of the rent being applied to the repairs of the chancel, or of the north or south cross aisles, which are private property. Bambrough Castle is a township in the above parish, situated about five miles east of Belford. The name is derived from its vicinity to the celebrated castle of Bambrough, which stands 150 feet above high water mark, on a high and rugged triangular rock of basalt, projecting into the sea, and acces- sible only from the south-east side. Lambard tells us that " it taketh its name from Quene Bebba who builded it, as sayethe Beda. Which reporteth further, that the handes of Kinge Oswald weare kept in a churche theare, which in reward of his pity toward the poore, to whom he opened the same most liberaly, weare for ever preserved unwythered, accordinge as Aidan the bishop had before told hym. But Henry Huntington saythe, that Ida the first kinge of Northumberland built it, enclosed it first with a hedge, and then with a wall, about the yeare 554. Eadfride, nephew and successor to Geolwulph, which lyved in Beda his time, imprisoned within this castle Cyne- wulfe, the Bishop of Lindisfarne, because he suffered Offa, a nobleman, to be plucked from his churche and to be slayne. It was much defaced by Anlaf and Sueny the Danes, under King Aedelred in 991. In the time of William Rufus, Earle Robert of Northumberland, fled to this castle, William followed and besieged it so straitly, that he consti-eyned him to flight, wherein he toke him, and because he found the castle impreignable, he built a castle of wood over against it, which he called then a malvesine, malus vicinus, and in the end caused the defendantes to render it, 1094. Howsoever the Scot came to it, I find in Mat. Paris, that by composition betwene King Henry 11. , and hym, he delyvered Henry this towne amongst others, and Henry delyvered to him the earldome of Huntingdon 1157. Edward II , to satisfye his nobles, committed Peter Graveston to this castle, but they ceased not tyll they had slayne hym." During the wars between Stephen and the Empress Matilda, and between the rival houses of York and Lancaster, it was often taken and 2 M 563 BxiMBRCUGH WABD— NOETH DIVISION. retakeD, and in the reign of Henry VII., it had become considerably dilapi- dated. In the reign of James I., the castle and manor were granted to John Forster, Esq. The following subsequent account of it is quoted from Pen- nant : — " This castle and the manor belonging to it, were once the property of the Forsters, but, on the forfeiture of Thomas Forster, Esq., in 1715, for having joined the Pretender, it was purchased by his uncle, Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham, and with other considerable estates, left vested in trustees, to be applied to unconiined charitable uses. Three of these trustees are a majority; one of them makes the place his residence, and blesses the coast by his judicious and humane application of the prelate's generous bequest. He has repaired and rendered habitable the great Norman square tow^er; the part reserved for himself and his family is a large hall and a few smaller ^apartments, but the rest of the spacious edifice is allotted for purposes which make the heart glow with joy when thought of. The upper part is an ample granary, from which corn is dispensed to the poor without distinction, even at the dearest time, at the rate of four shillings a bushel, and the distressed for many miles round, often experience the conveniency of this benefaction. Other apartments are fitted up for the reception of shipwrecked sailors, and bedding is provided for thirty, should such a number happen to be cast on shore at the same time. A constant patrol is kept every stormy night along this tempestuous coast, for about eight miles, the length of the manor, by which means numbers of lives have been preserved. Many poor wretches are often found on the shore in a state of insensibility, but, by timely relief, are soon recovered. It often happens that ships strike on the rocks in such a manner as to be capable of relief, in case numbers of people could be sud- denly assembled ; for that purpose a cannon is fixed on the top of the tower, "which is fired once, if the accident happens in such a quarter ; twice, if in another ; and three times if in such a place. By these signals the country people are directed to the spot they are to fly to, and by this means, fre- quently preserve, not only the crew, but even the vessel ; for machines of different kinds are always in readiness to heave ships out of their perilous situation. In a word, all the schemes of this trustee have a humane and useful tendency." From the summit of the tower, signals are made to the fishermen of Holy Island, when any vessel is discovered in distress, for they are enabled to put off boats from the island when those from the land could not pass through the surf. The castle also possesses an infirmary and dis- pensary, with a resident surgeon. The library contains an extensive collec- tion of works on theology, and a curious assemblage of tracts and joamphlets. It was established by Lord Crewe's trustees, in 1778, and is open to every respectable householder within twenty miles of Bambrough, and every clergy- man of whatever denomination. There are also two schools, supported by funds arising out of the Crewe estates, wherein a considerable number of children of both sexes are educated, of whom thirty girls are clothed and lodged in the castle till they are fit for service. This township contains 1,724 acres, and its population in 1801, was 60 ; in 1811, 73 ; in 1821, 62; in 1831, 61 ; in 1841, 59; and in 1851, 50 souls. BAMBROUGH PARISH. 563 Post Office, Bambrough, Sarali 'M.cDoxigle,post7nistres8. Letters arrive, from Belford, at 11 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 2 p.m. Garr William, stonemason Darnell Rev. W. Parsonage Grey Miss Anna Maria, Budle House Horsley George, gardener Lang Frank, surgeon, Bambrough Castle Dispensary Henry John, stonemason Jobson John, farmer, blacksmith and agri- cultural implement maker Johnson Thomas, shoemaker Morris Thomas, schoolmaster Nairn Philip, bone and corn miller-, Waren Mill Eoss George, butcher Eutherford Eobert, joiner Eutherford Thomas, joiner Sanglier Edward Joseph, professor of music Smith Jane, Infant School Stubbs Mary Jane, schoolmistress, Bam- brough Castle Taylor Mr. Charles Henry Todd John, blacksmith Tirer Thos. land agent, Bambrough Castle Wilson Eobert, joiner and parish clerk Farmers Brown Mr. Thomas, sen. Burton Brown Mr. Thomas, jun. Burton Hutchinson Mr. Edward, Bambrough Hall Lilburn George, Duke's Field Grocers and Drapers Ellick Thomas Frater Jane Straker Eichard Taylor Wilham Inns and Taverns Castle, Thomas Barker Lord Crewe's Arms, HaiTy Henry Victoria Inn, Hugh Eoss Henderson John, beerhouse, Budle Cottage Conveyances An omnibus to Lucker Eailway Station twice a day M. Beal, carrier to Alnwick, on Saturdays Beadnell is a chapeliy, township, and yillage, containing 743 acres of land, the property of Thomas Wood Craster, Esq.j and others. The annual value is £1,318 4s. lOd., and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 293; in 1811, 991; in 1891, 913; in 1831, 951; in 1841, 393; and in 1851, 396 souls. The increase of population is owing to the erection of lime kilns, and the opening of a new colliery. Lands were formerly held in this chapelry by the Harding and Forster families. The Village of Beadnell is situated on the sea shore, nine miles south-east of Belford, and possesses a small harbour. The Chapel is an elegant structure in the Gothic style, with a handsome spire. The register of this chapelry commences in 1766. The living is a perpetual curacy, not in charge, in the archdeaconry of Lin- disfarne and deanery of Bambrough^ valued in the parliamentafj^ returns at £63 ; gross income £80 ; in the patrotiage of the perpetual curate of Bambrough. The Rev, William Cumby, A.M. is the incumbent. There is a school here, the teacher of which receives £5 6s. per annum from the trus- tees of Lord Crew^e's charity, £90 per annum from the incumbent of Beadnell, and £10 a year from T. W. Craster, Esq.,- of Craster Tower; together with a small weekly payment from each of the children. Miller John, shoemaker Armstrong Thomas, schbolmaster Bolton John, tailor Brewis William, mason Carr Andrew, farmer Coldwell James, plasterer Eweing Alexander, fish curer Fordy George, vict. Craster Anns Hall John, beerhouse Jobson C. shopkeeper Pringle Edward, shopkeeper aiid baker Smith Margaret, dressmaker Summers George, joiner Taylor Eichard, Esq. Terry William, blacksmith Wood John E. farmer. An stead Careier. — To Alnwick, Thomas Todd, on Saturdays 564 BAMBROUGH WAED—NORTH DIVISION. Beadfoed township is situated three miles south by east of Belford, and contains 528 acres. The annual value is £825, and Earl Grey is the sole proprietor. Its population in 1801, was 51; in 1811,49; in 1821, 48; in 1831j 36; in 1841, 34; and in 1851, 53 souls. The principal inhabitants are Thomas Heatley, land steward, and Thomas Tait, farmer. BuDLE is a township conta,ining 724 acres, the property of Earl Grey, and of which the annual value is £866. It is situated on the south side of a fine sandy bay, two and a half miles west of Belford, where the neighbouring shores abound with the largest and best cockles, in the kingdom. In ancient times this township was the property of the De Vesci family, but subsequently was held by the family of Bowes. Its population in 1801, was 79 ; in 1811, 80; in 1821, 99; in 1831, 103; in 1841, 102; and in 1851,93 souls. The township is occupied by Philip Nairn, bone and corn miller. BuETON, a township in the above parish, four and a half miles E.S.E. of Belford, contains 1,050 acres, the property of Earl Grey, and its annual value is £1,770. The population in 1801, was 40 ; in 1811, 62; in 1821, 85 ; in 1831, 76 ; in 1841, 111 ; and in 1851, 98 souls. The whole town- ship is in the occupancy of Messrs. Thomas Brown, sen. and jun., farmers. Elford township is situated five miles E.S.E. of Belford, and is the pro- perty of Mrs. Howey and John Railston, Esq. ; the former of whom owns that portion of the township known by the name of Pasture Hill, and the latter is the proprietor of the remainder. It contains 1,072 acres, of which the annual value is £1,420, Population in 1801, 88 ; in 1811, 94 ; in 1821, 131; in 1831, 149; in 1841, 112; and in 1851, 123 souls. DiEECTORY. — Mr. Ninian Davison Calder ; Thomas Calder ; and Thomas Dixon, Pasture Hill. Fleetham is a township six miles south-east by south of Belford, contain- ing 562 acres, of which the annual value is £730 10s. It is the property of the trustees of the late Lord Crewe, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 70 ; in 1811, 72 ; in 1821, 94 ; in 1831, 93 ; in 1841, 52 ; and in 1851, 01 souls. Here is a corn mill, worked by Mr. William Watson. DiEECTOEY, — ^William Millikin, farmer, Fleetham East Stead ; Johu Taylor, farmer ; and William Watson, corn miller, Fleetham Mill. Gloeoeum tow^nship is situated one mile south-west of Bambrough, and contains 455 acres, of which the annual value is £625. Its population in 1801, was 50; in 1811, 63 ; in 1821,46; in 1831, 47; in 1841, 53 ; and in 1851 , 45 souls. It is the property of Greenwich Hospital, and is at present occupied by Mr. John Bolam, farmer. HoppEN is a township, situated about four miles south-east by south of Belford. It contains 234 acres of land, the annual value of which is £270, and its population in 1801, was 32 ; in 1811, 19 ; in 1821, 29 ; in 1831, 43 ; in 1841, 36 ; and in 1851, 29 souls. The township is the property of William Pawson, Esq., and is occupied by Mr. John Archbold, of Lucker Hall. LucKEE, a chapelry, township, and small village in this parish, contains 1,808 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. Its annual value is £2,240 10s. 2d. ; and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 153 ; in 1811, 165; in 1821, 194; in 1831, 266; in 1841, 210; and in 1851, 293 BAMBROITGH PAETSH. 565 soiils. The Village of Lucker is situated about foiu* miles west by soutli from Bambrough Castle, and consists of the chapel, tlie parsonage house, a corn mill, a farm house, an inn, and a few scattered cottages. The Chapel is surrounded by a graveyard, and is not remarkable for its style or beauty. The li\ing, a perpetual curacy, returned at £100 per annum, is in the patron- age of the Duke of Northumberland. The Rev. L. S. Orde, M.x\., is incum- bent, and the Rev, George Prince Hall, M.A., curate. Lucker Hall and the Parsonage are respectable residences. Here is a station on the York, New- castle, and Berwick Railway. Directory. — Rev. Gr. P. Hall, curate ; John Arclibold, farmer ; Ralph Bolton, shoemaker ; John Elliott, tailor ; John Glaholm, miller ; John Harvey, shoemaker ; John Orange, tailor ; Ralph Pringle, stonemason ;■ Thomas Robson, vict. ApjAe Inn ; James Straughan, shoemaker ; James Swan, black- smith; William Stokes, schoolmaster; and Thomas Tait, joiner. James Dryden, station master. Frank Ormston and Thomas Young, carriers to Alnwick, on Saturdays. MousEN is a township, containing 752 acres, of which the annual value is £1,000. Its population in 1801, was 5 L ; in 1811,69; in 1821, 73; in 1831, 65 ; in 1841, 72 ; and in J 851, 70 souls. It was formerly the property of the Rev. John Shaftoe, Vicar of Warden, who endowed with it a school in the chapelry of Haydon Bridge, in the parish of Warden, Tindale Ward ; and is now in the occupanc}^ of Sir. John Lumsden, junr. Newham is a township and village, containing 2,568 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and its annaal value is £3,016 17s. It con- tained in 1801, 206 ; in 181], 269; in 1821, 298; in 1831, 324; in 184], 359; and in 1851, 381 inhabitants. The Village of Newham, situated about seven miles south-east of Belford, consists of some neat and substantial cottages, and possesses a schoolroom used as a Presbyterian place of worship, on Sundays. Here is a station on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway ; George Burns, station master. Directory. — William Archbold, farmer; George Burns, station master, Newham Railway Station ; Peter Chirnside, farmer ; William and John Elliott, joiners; John Hall, blacksmith ; Thomas Marshall, farmer ; William Pyle, tailor ; Elijah Short, plate-layer on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway; Richard Short, schoolmaster, assistant overseer, and collector of taxes for Bambrough parish ; and James Wanless, shopkeeper and carrier to Alnwick, on Saturdays. Newstead township is situated about five and a half miles south-east by south of Belford, and contains 1,988 acres of land, of which the annual value is £],134 5s. Its population in 1801, was 108 ; in 1811, 109 ; in 1821, 90 ; in 1831, 110 ; in 184], 113; and in 1851, 139 souls. The Duke of North- umberland is the proprietor of the township, which is occupied by the follow- ing farmers, viz.: — James Atkinson, Robert Chirnside, John Charles Dennis, Rosebrough ; and Mrs. Euphemia Robson, Ravhaugh. North Sunderland is a township and populous village, containing 1,097 acres, the property of the trustees of the late Lord Crewe, and others, wlio 566; BAMBROUGH WARD^ — NORTH DIVISION. hold by copyhold tenure under the trustees. Its annual value is £3,375 17s. 6d.; and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 496 ; in 1811, 528 ; in 1821, 566 ; in T831, 860 ; in 1841, 1,103 ; and in 1851, it had increased to l,^m souls. North Sunderland was formed into a district parish for ecclesiastical purposes, in November, 1841, and includes the townships of North Sundep- land, Fleetham, Tuggall, Swinhoe, and Elford. The Village of North Sunderland is situated near the sea, three miles south of Bambrough Castle, and contains three places of worship, viz., the District Church, and two Presbyterian chapels, some well supplied grocers' and drapers' shops, two inns, and a lock-up, erected in 1852. The District Church, dedicated to St. Paul, was erected in 1833, and is in the purest Norman style. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of Lord Crewe's trustees ; Kev. F. B. Simpson, incumbent. There is a school here which is principally supported by the patrons of the church. The annual feast is held about the 12th of August. Post Office, Nobth Sunderland, Eichard Straker, Postmaster. Letters arrive, from Belford, at 11-45 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 1-15 p.m* Brown William, surgeon Fender Wm. blacksmith Manely Francis, painter and glazier Glover Eev. H. (Presbyterian) Gibson Andrew, stonemason Green Alexander, baker Hastings Mr. H. I. Howey John, saddler Johnson Mr. John Leach James, tailor McDougle Peter, joiner McBougle William, butcheir Mattison Mrs. Phillis Munro Kev. David (English Presbyterian^ Robson Miss, Green Hill fj'impson Eev. F. E. incumbent Thompson Henry, joiner Thompson James, mason Thompson William, joiner Treasurer Alexander, tailor Turnbull Eobert, clock and watohmaker Wilson Peter, mason Beer Houses Craggs Henry Dunn Eobert Taylor E. L Academies and Schools Jackson Henry Dixon Jackson Isabella Turner Ann Boot and Shoemakers Craggs Henry Moore Ealph Taylor Eichard M. Thompson Henry Wilson John Grocers Maule William,. an4 draper and merchant Ord John Richardson Adam Straker Eichard, and drag.er Inns Blue Bell, W. D. Eobson White /Swjaw, Isabella Eobson Conveyances.— An omnibus meets the trains at Chathill Station. Carbiers. — Thomas Eadington and Eobert Welsh, to Alnwick, on- Saturdays. North Sunderland Sea Houses is a smaU seaport, and a flourishing and populous village in this township, situated about one mile east of North Sun- derland, and about three miles from Bambrough Castle. The principal trade- of the place is fish curing, which is extensively carried on, and the method of curing here is said to be superior to most others. The fish ( principally herrings), when cured, are sent by railway to the various markets of the manu- facturing districts. Crabs and other kinds of shell fish are taken here in great BAMBROUGH PAEISH. 567 quantities, aud are forwarded to the markets just mentioned. There are extensive Hme works, which furnish employment to the shipping of the port. The village contains four inns, the principal heing the Black Sivan Inn. Armstrong D. agent Barling George, ship carpenter English John, butcher King Thomas, harbour master, and agent for the Trinity Houses, London and Newcastle McDougle George, butcher Scott George, ship carpenter Stephenson John, tailor Vass Elizabeth, schoolmistress Walker George, shipowner Walker Mr. Wilham, Sea Field Boot aud Shoemakers Bum Henry Sinton Thomas Taylor Wilham Builders Wilson William, senr. Wilson William, junr. Fish Curers Beal George Ewing Alexander, senr. Ewing John King Thomas Morton & Taylor Wilson George Grocers Gibbons Mary Gordon Andrew, and joiner Maule John Taylor Jane Inns and Taverns Bambrough Castle,'EMz&heiiu Saunders Black SivanInn,'Richa,vdllaR King Street Inn, G. Gregory Ship, Isabella Guthbertson Beer Houses Guthbertson George Norris George Patterson Walter OuTCHESTER township is situated on the west side of the river Warn, near its fall into Budle bay, tw^o miles east by north of Belford. It comprises 1,044 acres of land, the property of Grreenwich Hospital, and its population in 1801, was 152; in 1811, 113; in 1831, 109; in 1831, 111; in 1841, 122; and in 1851, 118 souls. In former times this was a manor of the barony of Wooler, and was held by the family of Ulchester for many ages. It afterwards became the property of the Earls of Derwentwater, but on the execution of the last earl, it was forfeited to the crown, and now belongs to the hospital above mentioned. This w^as the castra ulterius of the ancient 2dort and borough of Warnmouth, w^hich was, in former times, a considerable town, enjoying privileges similar to those of Newcastle. Charles Davison and Charles Borthwick are the present occupiers of this township. Ratchwood township is situated four and a half miles S.S.E., of Belford, and contamsl55 acres of land, the property of the Duke of Northumberland , and John Turnbull, Esq., of Warenford. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 9 ; in 1811, 6; in 1821, 10; in 1831,20; in 1841, 19; and in 1851, 16 souls. Shobeston, or Shoston township, six miles E.S.E. of Bedford, contains 669 acres. Population in 1801, 30 ; in 1811, 65 ; in 1821, 63 ; in 1831, 89 ; in 1841, 88; and in J 85 1, 98 souls. It is the property of the late Lord Crewe's trustees, and its annual value is £1,231. Directory. — Rev. L. S. Orde M.A. and J. P. Shoston Hall; andR. G. Huggup, Esq., New Shoston. Spikdlestone township is situated two miles east by south of Belford, and is the property of Greenwich Hospital. It comprises an area of 467 acres, of which the annual value is £1,000; and contained in 1801, 88 : in 1811, 71; in 1821, 97; in 1831, 101 ; in 1841, 151; and in 1851, 143 iuliab- 568 BAMEPwOUgfl WARD — ^NOUTH DIVISION. tants. In ancient times it was used as a military station, and was defended ^ by an entrenchment of a circular form ; it was also fortified with a triple^ ditch and vallum, together with several mounds. Mr. John Gillie and Sons' are the principal inhabitants. ■ - SwiNHOE is a township and hamlet, the property of the Dean and Chapter-" ^ of Durham, John Railston, Esq., and tho heirs of William Stewart, Esq. It contains 1,323 acres of laud, and its annual value is £2,524 6s. 9d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 117 ; in 1811, 95 ; in 189J, 111 ; in 1831, 110; in 184J, 118; and in 1851, 1"87 souls. This township was ormerly held under the barony of Yesci, by a family who assumed the locab-- name, from whom it passed, along with the manor of Tuggall, to the Nevilles • of Raby, subsequently coming into the possession of the present proprietors. ■ The Hamlet of Swinhoe is situated six and a half miles south-east of Belford. DiEEGTOKy. — William Cummins, blacksmith ; William Millikin, farmer, Swinhoe North Side ; Joseph Robson, farmer, Broomford ; Thomas Thew, farmer, Swinhoe East Farm ; John Thompson, gardener ; and Margaret Weatherly, farmer. Tuggall, or Tughall, is a township and hamlet, containing 1,799 acres, the annual value of which is £1,903 19s. 3d. Population in 1801, 108 ; in 1811, 85; in 1821, 85; in 1831, 102; in 1841, 119; and in 1851, 134 souls. This township is the property of the Duke of Northumberland. The Hamlet of Tuggall is situated eight miles south-east by south of Belford. Directory. — Mrs. Forster, The Hall; Jane Fawdon, farmer; and Thomas Fordy, farmer, Tuggall Mill. Warrenford is a township and village containing 183 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland and John Turnbull, Esq. Its rateable value is £158 9s., and its population in 1801, was 32; in 1811, 29; in 1821, 27; in 1831, 35 ; in 1841, 41 ; and in 1851, 30 souls. The Village of Warren- ford js situated on the North Road, where it is crossed by the Warn rivulet, four miles south by east of Belford, It contains an Euglish Presbyterian tt Church, an inn, two farm houses, and about fourteen neat cottages. The -f church was erected in 1817 ; there is a school in connection with it, which is'"'^ partly supported by the educational fund belonging to the church, and partly ' by P. J. Sebly, Esq., of Twizell House, and John Church, Esq. Post Office, Warenfoed — Eleanor Whinnim, Postmistress. — Letters arrive from all parts daily, at 12-0 noon, and are despatched at 7-30 a.m. Directory. — Ptev. Alexander Bannatyne (Presbyterian); John Tumbult, yeoman; Mr. Ralph Turnbull; James Scott, shoemaker; Thomas Smith, schoolmaster ; Thomas Tait, joiner ; Alexander Wightman, farmer, Warrenford Hall ; Nicholas Swanson, vict. White Swan hin ; George Whittle, tailor and grocer; and William Young, blacksmith. Warrenton township is situated one mile and three-quarters S.S.W. of Belford, and is the property of Thomas Henry Graham, Esq., of Edmond Castle, Cumberland. It contains 1,454 acres, of which the rateable value is BELT^^ORD PARlSli. 569 £1,500, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 97 ; in 18J 1, 92 ; in 18-21, nS ; in 1831, 158; in 1841, 163; and in 185 1, 135 souls. There is a handsome and commodious Presbyterian Chapel here, erected in 1851. The principal inhabitants are Mr. Andrew Grey, of Newlands, and Mr. John Thompson. BELFORD PARISH. Belpord is a parish chiefly in the northern division of Bambrougli Wards and partly in Islandshire, an insulated portion of the county formerly belonging to the county of Durham. It is bounded on the north by Islandshire, on the west by the parish of Chatton, on the south by Bambrougli parish, and on the east by the German Ocean. It extexids four miles and a half from east to west, and about three miles from north to south, and comprises the market town of Belford, and the townships of Detchant, Easington Grange, Elwick, Middletou, and Ros-s. The area of the parish is 11 ,604 acres, and its popula- tion in 1801, w^as 1,324; in 1811,1,473 5 in 1821, 1,783; in 1831, 2,030; in 1841, 1,789; and in 1851, 1,857 souls. Like the adjoining parishes, Bedford abounds in coal, lime-stone, and building-stone, the soil is also very fertile. Belford is a township and market-town, in the parish of the same name, containing 2,698 acres, the property of the Rev. John Dixon Clark, J.^ , of Belford Hall, and itg rateable value is £3,772 17s. 6d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, wj^s 902; in 1811, 931; in 1821, 1,208; in 1831, 1,354 ; in 1841, 1,157 ; and in 1851, 1,226 souls The manor of Belford was formerly possessed by the Huntercombe family, one of whom, Walter de Huntercombe, having served under King Edward I., in his Welch wars, received from that monarch a grant of free warren in Belford and other places in the county. This Walter de Huntercombe was summoned to the parliaments held from the sixth of Edward I. to the fourth of Edward II. He died in the sixth year of the reign of Edward IL, leaving his possessions to his wife, Alice. The manor was afterwards transferred to the Meinell family, from whom it passed to the Hepburns, coming subsequently into the possession of John Forster, Es<^., of Bamb rough Castle. Abraham Dixon, Esq., one of its late owners, obtained the privilege of holding a market and fairs at Belford, and his son raised the place from the position of a small village to that of a neat and well built town. The Town of Belford i^ pleasantly situated on an eminence, in a pic- turesque and romantic part of the county, two miles from the sea, and forty- nine miles north of Newcastle. Since the construction of the railway from Newcastle to Berwick, the business of this town has considerably declined. Belford contains an hotel and five or six inns, wdiere travellers will meet with comfortable accommodation. A lamb fair is held here annually, on the 2nd of July, and a ewe fair takes place on the 25th of September. Petty sessions are held on every alternate Wednesday, at the Board Room, West-street, the presiding magistrates are the Rev. J. D. Clarke, M A. ; Rev. L. S. Orde, 9 M 2 ^70 BAMBROUGH WARD — NORTH DIVISION. M.A, ; W. Darnell ; and P. J. Selbv, Esq., of Twizell House. The County Court is held at the Blue Bell Hotel once every two months, James Losh, Esq., judge. The Churgei, dedicated to St. Mary, is a plain substaintial edifice, situated at the north side of the town, and capable of accommodating about six hundred persons. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Bambrough, returned at £94., gross income, £147., is in the patronage of the Rev. J. D. Clarke, M.A., of Bedford Hall, and in- cumbency of the Rev. G-. Walker, M.A. The United PRESBiTERrAN Church was erected in 1777. It is a commodious building, and possesses sittings for four hundred persons. Rev. John Hunter, minister. The Scotch Church, situated in West-street, is a plain building, and it will accommodate five hundred hearers. Rev. M. Wallace, minister. Gas works were established here in 1845, by a joint stock company, composed principally of the inhabitants of Belford. Thl Belford Poor Law Union comprehends thirty-six parishes and town- ships, embracing an area of 41,753 statute acres, and a population in 1851, of 6,871 souls. Tbe parishes and townships are Adderstone, Bambrough, Bambrough Castle, Beadnell, Belford, Bradford, Budle, Burton, Chathill, Detchant, Easiugton, Easington Grange, Elford, EUingham, Elwick, Feru Islands, Fleetham, Glororum, Hoppen, Lucker, Middleton, Monk's House, Mousen, Newham, Newstead, Outchester, Preston, Ratchwood, Ross, Shorstone, Spindlestone, Sunderland (North), Swinhoe, Tuggall, Warrenford, and Warrenton. The Union Workhouse, situated in West-street, is a small building. The number of inmates at present (1854) is 17. Post Office, Belford, William Septimns Hindmaxsh, postmaster. — The mails arrive from tbe South, at 9-10 a.m. and 9-10 p.m. ; and are despatched to the South at 3-22 p.m. and at 8-42 p.m. ; and to the North at 8-50 a.m. and 3-22 p.m. Miscellany Bennett T. cabinet maker Berwick Mr. "William Bird William, -veterinary surgeon British Protector Mutual Life Assu- rance Company, D. E. Walker, agent Clark Eev. John Dixon, M.A. & J.P. Bel- ford Hall Excise Office, Blue Bell Hotel Gibson & Go. brewers G-illum Miss Elizabeth Himsworth John, Esq. Middleton Hall jHunter Eev. John, (United Presbyterian) B^.utchinson Mrs. Mary, Belford-villa Johnstone Walter, hairdresser Landreth, James, cooper Newbiggin James, County Court bailiff Pratt Miss Margaret Scott John, commission agent Scott Gr. registrar of births, &c. Shields Harriet W. bonnet maker Stewart William, millwright Terras Eev. David (English Presbyterian) Walker Eev. George, M.A. incumbent Wallace Eev. William, ( ScotchPresbyterian) Young George, hnen and woollen draper Young George, professor of music and parish clerk Young William, tinsmith and plumber, &c. iVcademies and Schools Davi'sonGeorgeCoulter(day) Smit.h WilHam WalkeT David K. (boarding and day) Bakers Johnson John Eichardson James Scott Andrew Blacksmiths Lisle Aaron Eogers Thomas Whittle George BELFOBB FARISH. 571 Soot and Shoemakers I>ixon John Samuel Gibson James Gibson Thomas Groves C. (dealer) Johnson Thomas Kennedy Adam Temant James Butchers Eeavely Joseph Wightman James Wightman Kichard Cattle Salesmen Wightman James "Wightman Eichard Wightman Thomas, Belford Moor Corn Miller Embleton Kobert, Easington Grange Mill Dressmakers Groves Catherine Hope Sarah Moffat Ann Eyan Mary Farmers BellJno. E asington Demesne Bolton WilUam, Sionside Bolton Wm. Whinney Hill Davison Eobert, Kettleburn Eorster John, Smayfield Hall James, Detchant Hall Jane, Middleton Nesbit E. P. Elwick Eobertson James, Easington Eogers Thomas Wake Philip Wightman James, and cattle salesman Wightman Thomas, Belford Moor Wood William, Craggy Hall Wright George Crardeners Ferguson John- Young Matthew Grocers & dealers m Sundries Adamson Mitchell Bromfield James Burns Thomas Davison Ellen Dunn G. Gibson David Gibson James Gibson Eobert Guthrie Thomas, & merchant tailor Johnson James Mather Susan Macdonald Geo. & druggist Mills John Moffat Virtue Patrick Benjamini Paxton Eobert Eodgers Wilham Shields Andrew Stamford Thomas Weir Jane Hotels Inns and Taverns Blue Bell Hotel, and posting house, W. A. Custance, Market-place Black Swan Inn, & posting house,John Sinton Market- place Black Bull, Eobert Briggs Free-masons' Arms, S. Dry den Nag's Head, James Young Odd Fellows' Arms, T. Moffat Salmon, W. Innes Beer Houses Dixon George Dunn Aaron Joiners Burn Thomas Gibson Eobert Johnson Thomas, Middleton Logan Charles Eichardson Eobert Thompson John Slaters Falla Matthew Ealla Selby Stonemasons Ferguson John Mabou John Surgeons Dayidson Thomas Hunt Henry Young William Tailors Guthrie Thomas,. & draj)er Henderson WiUiam Innes William Mabon David Patrick Eobert Watch and Clock Makers Eobson Matthew Thompson Christopher Conveyances from the Eailway Station, about a mile froto Belford.—- William Pawson^ station master. Caeriees. — To Alnwick, Thomas Moffat. — To Berwick, George Purvis, both on Saturdays. Detchant is a townskip containing with tlie townsliip of Middleton 3,094= acres. The annual value of Detchant is about £1,^00, and its population in 1801, was 110; in 1811, 109; in 1821, 1Q8; in 1831, 180; in 1841, 178; and in L851, 150 souls. Stephen F. Gillum, Esq. is the proprietor of the whole township, which is two and a quarter miles N.N. W. of Belford, with which place its directory is given. Easington township is the property of the Rev. J. D. Clark M.A. of Belford Hall, and James Grieve, Esq. of Orde. It is situated one mile north- 9m ID — SOUTH DlVlsfS^ east of Belford, and contains 848 acres, of which the annual vakiels"j&],01 The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 151; in 1811, 195; in 1821, 186; in 1831, 203; in 1841, 180; and in 1851, 174 souls. Easington Demesne is the property of James Grieve, Esq., of Orde, above-mentioned. Here is an assemblage of cottages inhabited by trades people and agricultural labourers. DiEECTOEY. — Johu Clarke, shoemaker; James Kobertson, farmer; David Hope ; John Eobinson, blacksmith ; James Cuthbertson, joiner ; and Charles Clapperton, shopkeeper. Easington Geange is a township, situated one mile and a half N.N.E. of Belford. It contains 547 acres, and its population in 1801, was 57; in 1811, 57 ; in 18Q1, 54 ; in 1831, 62 ; in 1841, 64 ; and in 1851, 78 souls. It is the property of Edward Tyzack, who occupies the whole township. There is a corn mill here worked by Mr. Robert Embleton. Elwick township is the property of the Earl of Tankerville. It contains 819 acres, and its rateable value is £850. Its population in 1801, was 54 ; in 1811, 78 ; in 1821, 73 ; in 1831, 79 ; in 1841, 84; and in 1851, 69 souls. Part of this township formed a portion of the county of Durham, until October, 1844, when it became for all purposes part of Northumberland. It is distant two miles north-east from Belford, and is entirely occupied by Mr. Ralph Nesbit. MiDDLETON is a towuship situated one mile N.N.W. of Belford, and con- tains with Detchant 3,094 acres, the property of Stephen F. Gillum, Esq. Its rateable value is about £1,200, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 50; in 1811, 57; in 1821, 79; in 1831, 87; in 1841, 70; and in 1851, 111 souls. Its directory is given with that of Belford. Ross township, like that of Elwick, is situated in Islandshire, and waff formerly a portion of the county of Durham. It is three miles north- east of Belford, and contains 3,698 acres, the rateable value of which is £900. This township is the property of the Earl of Tankerville. Its population in 1801, was— in 1811, 46 ; in 1821, 55 ; in 1831, 65 ; in 184J, 56 ; andin 1851, 49 souls. Ross and Elwick townships occupy a projecting tongue of land on the north side of Budle Bay, and consist of two large farms, with extensive rabbitjwarreu. Large quantities of cockles are found upon the sands in the neighbourhood. Mr. Hardy is the present occupier of Ross township. BAMBROUGH WARD— SOUTH DIVISION. ixo ELLINGHAM PARISH. ■ Ellingham is a parish comprising the townships of Charlton North, Charlton South, Chathill, Doxford, Ellingham, and Preston, whose united area is 9,124 acres. It is bounded on the north by Bambrough parish, on the west and south, by Eglingham parish and Coquetdale Ward, and on the east by Embleton. It is about five and a half miles long by five miles broad, and its population in 1801, was 749; in 1811, 691 ; in 1821,801 ; in 1831, ELLIKGHAM PARISH. 6T3 953 ; in 1841, 861 ; and in 1851, 936 souls. Coal and lime are abundant in this parish. Chaelton (North) is a township and village containing 2,731 acres, the property of John Kaj, Esq., of Edinburgh. In ]801 this township con- tained 219; in 1811, 178; in 1821, 230; in 1831, 244; in 1841, 238; and in 1851, 239 inhabitants. Eateable value £2,448 10s, Od. The Village of North Charlton is situated six miles north by west of Alnwick, Chael- TGX Hall is the residence of William Spours, Esq. DiRECTOEY. — J. Clarke, farmer; John Hall, stonemason; James Hills, farmer; B-obert Hindhaugh, miller and farmer ; Joseph Lackenby, shoemaker ; Thos. Laidlaw, farmer ; Alexander Reed, shopkeeper; Jane Rochester, innkeeper; Alexander Smith, tailor; Wilham Spours, Esq., Charlton Hall ; and Robert Taylor, blacksmith. Chaelton (South) is a township and village containing 1,866 acres, of which the rateable value is £1,500. The Duke of Northumberland is owner of the township and lord of the manor. Its population in 1801, was 166 ; in 1811, 139; in 1821, 170 ; in 1831, 187; in 1841, 188; and in 1851, 175 souls. The Village of South Charlton is situated five miles north by west of Alnwick. DiEECTOET. — Thomas Bowden, blacksmith; George Fawcus, farmer, Brockley Hall; John Fawcus, farmer; William Nicholson, joiner; Robert Renner, farmer, Charlton Mires ; and James Thompson, shopkeeper, Charl- ton Mires. , Chathill is a township in the above mentioned pi ish, situated eight and a half miles north by east of Alnwick. It contains 3i ' acres, the property of Sir Edward Haggerstone, Bart. EUingham, and the rateable value is £830. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 39; in 1811, 37; in 1821, 27; in 1831, 30; in 1841, 18 ; and in 1851, 47 souls. Here is a station on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway. DiEECTOEY. — John Bolam, farmer ; and Peter Wennin, station master, DoxFOED is a ttitwnship in EUingham parish, about seven miles north of Alnwick, containing 612 acres. Its population in 1801, w^as 49 ; in 1811, 56 ; in 1821, 54; in 1831, 79; m 1841, 56 ; and in 1851, 75 souls. Ellingham, a township and village in the parish of the same name, con- tains 3,109 acres, the rateable value of which is £2,182 10s. It is the property of Sir Edward Haggerstone, Bart. Ellingham, and the number of its inhabitants in J80], was 228 ; in 1811, 221; in 1821, 257; in 1831, 328 ; in 1841, 270 ; and in 1851, 318 souls. The manor of Ellingham, was formerly held by the Gaugy family, from whom it passed, in the reign of Ed- ward 1., to the Cliffords. Sir Allan de Heton, held it in the year 1378 ; and it afterwards became the property of the Duke of Northumberland, but on the confiscation of his estates, in 1461, it was given to the brother of Edward IV., at that time governor of Ireland, The Village of EUingham is about eight miles north of Alnvnck. The Paeish Chuech, dedicated to St. Maurice, is situated at a short distance from the village, and was founded })y Sir Ralph de Gaugy in the time ot Hugh Pudsey, Bishop of Durham, The parish register commeaGos in 1095. §74 BAMBROUGH WARD— SOUTH DIVISION. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Bambrough, is valued in the Liber Regis at £6 5s. 5d. ; gi'oss income £564; patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Rev. Charles Perigal, M.A., vicar, Rev. Edward Browrigg, M.A., curate. Ellingham Hall, a neat mansion in a low and sheltered situation, on the banks of the Tuggall rivulet, is the residence of Sir Edward Haggerstone, Bart. There is a neat CathoHc Chapel attached to the Hall, Rev. G-eorge Meynell, priest. Tynely is a hamlet in this township, one mile south of Ellingham. A Free School was erected here in 1831. Directory. — Rev. Charles Perrigal, Rev. Edward Brownrigg, cumte, Rev. George Meynell (Catholic) ; Sir Edward Haggerstone, Bart. ; David Colville, schoolmaster and postmaster ; William and John Bone, farmers; Robert Calder, farmer, Tynely ; William Colville, inukeeper ; Andrew DLxon, farmer ; Frances Gibson, innkeeper, Brownside ; John Jackson, farmer, Windylaw ; and Isabella Jobson, shopkeeper. Preston is a township eight miles north by east of Alnwick, containiug 457 acres of land, the property of Miss Frances Isabella Craster, and the rateable value of which is £651. Its population in 180], was 50; in 1811, 59; in 1821, 63; in 1831, 85; in 1841, 91 ; and in 1851, 87 souls. Preston Tower, the residence of Miss F. I. Craster, stands on a fine emi- nence, one mile south-east of Ellingham. Directory. — Miss Frances Isabella Craster, Preston Tower; Andrew Gum- ming, blacksmith ; Eleanor Elliott, shopkeeper; WiUiam Elliott, joiner and cartwright ; Edward Wilkin, gardener ; and Thomas Forster, farmer. EMBLETON PARISH. Embleton parish comprises the chapelries of Rock .and Rennington, and the townships of Broxfield, Bninton High and Low, Craster, Dunston, Embleton, Falloden, Newton by the Sea, and Stamford. It is bounded on the north by Doxford and Tuggall, on the west by North and South Charlton, on the south by Howick, Longhoughton, and Deuwick, and on the east by the German Ocean. It is about five miles long by three and a half broad, and comprises an area of 13,228 acres. The population of this parish in 1801, was 1,515; in 1811, 1,526; in 1821, 1,806; in 1831,1,929; in 1841, ^,030; and in 1851, 2,275. Broxfield township is situated two miles north by east of Alnwick, and contains 315 acres, the property of Clavering Calliley, Esq. Its population in 1801, w^as41; in 1811,43; in 1821, 28; in 1831, 29; in 1841, 24; and in 1851, 28 souls, Rateable value £345. Directory.- — George, Marshall and Thomas Thompson, farmers. Brunton High and Low is a township, containing 238 acres, the property of Sir George Grey and John Railston, Esq. It is situated one mile and a half north-west of Embleton, and its rateable value is £1,742 6s. 8d. In 1801, it contained 77; in 1811,48; in 1821, 70; in 1831, 62; in 1841, 69 ; and 1861, 73 inhabitants. Directory. — George Bell^ joiner, Low Brun- ton ; and Michael Wilkinson, senior, and junior, farmers. EMBLKTON PARISH. 57S Craster tovmship is situated six miles north-\^est of Alnwick. It con- tains 796 acres, aud its rateable value is £1,120, T. W. Craster, Esq., and Major Clutterback are the landowners. The nnmher of inhabitants in 1801, was 100; 1811, 118; in 1821, 146; in 1831, 212; in 1841, 247; and in 1851, 222 souls. This township has been held by the Craster family since the 13th century, and is one of the few manors in the country, which is yet held by the family to whom it was originally granted. Craster Tower is a neat edifice, surrounded by some fine old woods, through whose foliage a fine view of the sea may be obtained. Directory. — T. W. Craster, Esq., Craster Tower ; James Grey, farmer ; Wilham Wood, farmer ; and Charles Archbold, innkeeper. DuxsTox is a township and hamlet, containing 1,663 acres, the property of the Earl of Tankerville and T. W. Craster, Esq. Its population in 1801, was 177; in 1811, 209; in 1821, 213; in 1831, 185; in 1841, 218; and in 185], 256 souls. Eateable value £1,696 lis. Od. The Hamlet of Dunston is situated about six and a half miles north-east of Alnwick, and is remarkable as being the birth-place of the celebrated Duns Scotus, who, when a boy, entered the Francisan Convent, in Newcastle, becoming after- wards a friar of that order. In the year 1301, after becoming a fellow of Meiton College, Oxford, he was elected professor of theology in the University, to which his great fame drew many sciiolars. He afterwards resided at Paris, and died at Cologne, on November 8th, 1308. In his day he was considered a prodigy of learning, and obtained the title of the Subtle Doctor. His works fill ten volumes, folio. DusTANBROuGH Castle has long since fallen to decay, nothing now remains but a few crumbling ruins, which occupy an eminence above the sea, two miles E. S. E. from Embleton. It is very probable that this castle was originally a British stronghold and afterwards fortified by the Romans. We do not, however, find it noticed previous to the early part of the 14th century, when it appears to have- been rebuilt by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, general of the confederate army against Edward IT. This Thomas was also owner of Pontefract Castle, in the vicinity of which place he was beheaded, after his capture by the royal troops at Boroughbridge. Though he sufi'ered as a traitor, he was revered by the people as a martyr, and styled by them a saint ; the place where he suffered is called to this day by the inhabitants of Pontefract and its neighbourhood, St. Thomas's Hill. All that remain at present of Dunstanbrough Castle are the outworks on the south and west sides, w^hich, with the large cliff's, enclose an area of about nine acres. On the north side the rocks rise to the height of about thirty feet. On the north-west point, the wall extends along the edge of a precipitous rock, having a high square tower of excellent masonry in the centre, with turrets at each corner, and from its appearance this is supposed to be the most modern portion of the castle. In the south wall is a gateway, which was formerly defended by two strong semi-circular towers, surmounted by square turrets. This wtill reaches to the sea cliffs, and is protected by two square bastions, a small sally- port, and a square tower. Near the eastern tower we may trace the ruins of 576 BAMBnOUdH WAED^ — SOUTH DIVISION. the castle chapel, beneath which there is a chasm irt the rock sixty feet long and forty feet deep, where the sea makes a dreadful inset, during stormy weather. The country people call this the Rumble Churn, and it must be confessed that it presents a very awful appearance when viewed from the walls of the old tower. DiRECTOEY. — William Darling, farmer ; George Fawcers, farmer ; Marshall Luckley, gardener ; Alexander Murray, innkeeper ; John Pringle, farmer ; George Scott, farmer ; and Ealph Graham, carrier to Alnwick, on Saturdays. Embleton, a township and village in the parish of the same name, contains 2,394 acres, of which the rateable value is £4,525 7s. 9d. Its population in 1801, was 294 ; in 1811, 312 ; in 1821, 413 ; in 1831, 492 ; in 1841, 525 ; and in 1851, 656 souls. The Manor of Embleton was, in ancient times, the property of John le Vicount, who held it by the service of three knights' fees. On his decease it passed by the marriage of his daughter to the Marisco family, and was afterwards purchased by Simon de Montford, Earl of Leices- ter, upon whose attainder it reverted to the crown. It was subsequently given to Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, whose grandson dying without male issue, the manor was divided between his two daughters, Maud and Blanche. The latter married the celebrated John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, whose son and heir, Henry of Bolingbroke, afterwards became Henry IV., when th manor became a royal fief It is now the property of the Earl of Tankerville. The Village of Embleton is situated about a mile w^est from the sea, and seven miles N.N.E. of Alnwick. The Parish Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is a neat stone building, restored by subscription in 1850, under the direction of the present vicar. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £11 3s. 4d. ; gross income, £856. Patrons, the Wardens and Fellows of Merton College, Oxford. Rev. George Rooke, vicar. The School was erected in 1825, and is endowed with eight and a half acres of land, bequeathed by the Rev. Vincent Edwards, a former vicar, for the education of poor children. A sum of money was bequeathed by the same gentleman to the poor of this parish, in the year 1778, but the intentions of the donor were not carried out, and the money was applied to the construction of a gallery in the church. A Reading Room and Library were opened here in February 1854 ; the gentlemen in the neighbourhood being annual subscri- bers. Cheiston Bank, in this township, is the seat of George Dunn, Esq. Charities. — The Rev. Vincent Edwards, in 1712, bequeathed the sum of £40 to the school of Embleton, and a similar sum to the poor of the parish, half of the interest to be distributed yearly on the anniversary of his decease, by the minister and churchwardens, and the other half to be laid out in bibles, prayer books, and the Whole Duty of Man, for the poor, by the minister only. He also gave £20 to each of the chaplains of Rock and Rennington in this parish, the interest to be paid to a master for teaching three poor children to say their catechism, read, write, and accounts. The sum of £20 given to the ■ chapelry of Rock has been increased by interest to £24. The sum of £201 bequeathed to the chapelry of Rennington, appears to have been lost, previous EMBLETON PAEISH. 577 to the year 1798, by the failure of a person in whose hands it had been placed. Thomas Wood, who died in July 1747, left £10, one moiety of which was to he distributed among the poor of the township of Failowden, and the residue among the other townships of the parish. Post Ori-iCE, EmFjeton, John Morton, x-ostmaster. Letters arrive, from AInmckj at 12-30 noon, iind are despatched thereto at 5-15 p.m. J3a\dson James, joiner Dunn George, Esq. Christen Bank Embleton Eohert C. surgeon IMoore Geo. station master. Christen Bank Kooke Kev. George, vicar, Vicarage Boss Eev. Wm. (Presbyterian). Short Leonard, miller Smith Thomas, saddler Blacksmitlis Ilutchins ^Yilliam Scott James Boot and Shoemakers Dickinson John Dickinson Eobert Mavin Joseph Butchers Cairns Eobert Errington Joseph Farmers Coxon Eichard and Eobert, Glebe Farm JNIaviu George, North Farm Oswald George, Embleton, East Side Eogers Thos. South Farm Smith Thos. Wood Stead Grocers Bowey Thomas Gibbison Alice Morten John Pitt William, and baker Scott Andrew Inns and Taverns Biinkhody Hotel, A. Mennin, ChristonBank Blue Bell, Henry Patterson Grey^s Inn, James ElHott Hare (& Hounds Inn (and stabling), Thos. Deveney Railway Inn, Joseph Mavin Three Tuns, Thomas Smith Eeerhonses Embleton Thomas McDowell Wilham Schools Jessop Edwin Weatherley Mary Slaters and Plasterers Wood Joseph Wood Robert Stonemasons Stewart Eobert Taylor Eichard Tailors Humble Edward Stephenson Peter Stephenson Eobert CoNVEYAKCE by railway, from the station at Christon Bank. Caeriees. — Andrew Scott, Thomas Bowey, and Alice Gibbison, to Alnwick on Saturdays Fallow^den township is situated six miles north by east of Alnwick, and contains 1,024 acres the property of Sir George Grey. Rateable value £1,056 10s. Its population in 1801, was 92 ; in 1811, 79 ; in 1821, 112 ; in 1831, 105 ; in 1841, 113, and in 1851, 122 souls. This township w^as formerly the property of Samuel Salkeld, Esq., and afterwards of Thomas Wood, Esq., w^hose only daughter and heiress married Sir Henry Grey, Bart,, from whom the estate has descended to the present proprietor. It is subject to a rent charge of £5 annually for the education of poor children. Fallowden Hall is the residence of Sir George Grey. Mrs. Scott is the only farmer in this township. Newton by the Sea is a township and village containing 1,411 acres, the property of Captam Potts, and Joseph Gordon Forster, Esq. The num- ber of inhabitants in this township in 1801, was ,200; in 1811, 178; in 2 N 578 BAMBEOUGH WARD— SOUTH DIVISION. 1821, 247 ; in 1831, 271 ; in 1841, 282 ; and in 1851, 274 souls. Its rateable value is £1,947. Tpie Village of Newton by the Sea is situated eight and a half miles north-east by nortli of Alnwick. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in fishing, great quantities of turbot, lobsters, and herrings are frequently caught. DiRECTOEY. — Joseph G. Forster, Esq. ; William Chirnside, farmer; George Gaggy, innkeeper; Ralph Pringle, fish-curer; aud W. Watkin, farmer. Eenntngton is a chapehy, township, and village, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and comprises 1,812 acres, of which the rateable value is £2,069. 18s. Its population in 1801, was 252; in 1811, 270; in 1821, 272 ; in 1831, 273 ; in 1841, 245 ; and in 1851, 269 souls. The Village of Eennington occupies a sheltered situation three and three quarter miles north-east by north of Alnwick. The Chapel, dedicated to All Saints, is an ancient edifice, the register of wliich commences in 1768. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarue and deanery of Alnwick, is returned at £46; gross income £59. Patron, the vicar of Euibleton ; in- cumbent, the Rev. David Ingleby, who also attends Rock Chapel. Charity. — John Scott, who died in 1738, left £10 to the poor of this chapelry. The interest of this sum is given to the poor of Renuington and Brocksfield annually at Whitsuntide. Directory. — Rev. David Ingleby; Mary Dawsou, shopkeeper; Robert Downey, schoolmaster and chapel clerk; John Stewart, shopkeeper; John Todd, innkeeper and blacksmith ; and the farmers are George Dickman, John Dickman, William Forrest, John Rutherford, Robert Straughan, William Straughan, John Thompson, and William Whittle. Rock is a chapelry, township, and village, the property of the Rev. R. Bosan- quet, J. P. The township comprises an area of 1,973 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 160 ; in 1811, 152 ; in 1821, 185 ; in 1831, 206; in 1841, 227; and in 185 J, 250 souls. Rateable value £2,269 15s. lOd, The manor of Rock w^as formerly held under the barony of Alnwick by a family that bore the local name. It passed from the Rocks to the Lawsons, and from them to the Salkelds and Proctors, the latter of whom disposed of it to the late Peter Holford of London, by whose son it was sold to the Bosanquet family with whom it has since con- tinued. The Village of Rock is situated on an eminence commanding a fine prospect of the surrounding country. The soil in the neighbour- hood is very fertile, and the scenery in the vicinity is grand and romantic. The Chapel is dedicated to S.S. Philip and James. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarue and deanery of Alnwick, is united to that of Renning-ton. It is returned at £46. lOs. ; gross income £59 ; and is in the patronage of the vicar of Embleton. Here is a Free School endowed with several small sums, besides a house for the teacher. Rock Hall, the residence of the Rev. R. Bosanquet, is a fine old mansion. Directory. — Rev. R. Bosanquet, J.P., Rock Hall ; James Aitchison, farm- steward ; Robert Weir, blacksmith ; and the farmers are George and Thomas Barber, Thomas Sharpe, and George and Joseph Rochester. ,: HOWICK PAEISH, 579 Stamfoed is a towDsliip containing 1,602 acres, the property of the Earl of Taukerville, and its rateable value is £3,465. 10s. Its population in 1801, was 122; in 1811, 117; in 1821, 120; in 1831, 94; in 1841, 90; and in 1851, 125 souls. It is situated four and three-quarter miles north- east by north of Alnwick, and is farmed by Mr. William Davison. HOWICK PARISH. , HowicK parish is bounded on the north and west by Embleton, on the south by Long Houghton, and on the east by the German Ocean. It com- prises an area of 1,692 acres, and its rateable value is £2,481, Population in 1801, 184; in 1811, 214; in 1821, 234; in 1831, 208; in 1841, 242; and in 1851, 315 souls. This parish possesses no dependent townships, and its soil is rich, fertile and well cultivated. Speaking of Howick Coast, George Tate, Esq., F.G.S. says, "The geological features of the coast from Culler- nose to Howick Burn, are entitled to more than a passing notice ; for there is no part of the country which presents, within so limited an area, a greater number of important and interesting geological phenomena. " A cliff, facing the sea, extends from Cullernose on the north to Howick Burn, varying in height from twenty to 120 feet. The rocks are limestone, shale, coal, and sandstone belonging to the carboniferous formation, in- tersected by basaltic and clay dikes, and covered over in one part, with a great overflow of basalt. Cullernose is the southern termination on the coast of this overflow, and rises in majestic columns of basalt from the sea to the height of upwards of 100 feet. The name seems descriptive of its high ex- posed situation ; Nose, Ness, and Naise, indicating a promontory or cape, and Culler being probably another form of Caller, used in Northumberland and Scotland to express such an amount of cold as would be experienced when a strong wind is blowing over high ground. A gritty sandstone is visible at low water underlying this basalt, which along with the stratified rocks dip towards the north-east. Basalt extends along the iron-bound coast north- ward to Dunstanbrough, where it forms another lofty cliff, under which the sandstones, coal, shales, and limestone are again found. Sandstones and shales, torn from their beds by the volcanic outburst, are mingled in a con- fused mass with basalt on the south side of Cullernose. Limestones and calcareous shales pass under the sandstone ; they are much contorted, and undulate in a succession of ridges and hollows along the shore. These beds contain an abundance of the remains of marine animals. In the calcareous shales, which are similar in mineral character and organic contents to the Calp in Ireland, there are many fossils, several of them being coated over with iron pyrites, or sulphuret of iron, and when recently washed by the tide, the dark grey rocks seem studded with golden ornaments. " A white flaggy sandstone underlies these calcareous beds, and contains a remarkable vermiform fossil, the nature of which has not yet been satisfactorily determined. The limestone and sandstone beds are cut thi*ough, neai'ly 580 BRAMBEOUOH WAED— -SOUTH DIVISIOK. perpendicularly, by a small basaltic dike, which runs from the shore into the sea in a perfectly straight direction. It is ouly four feet wide ; but standing above the stratified beds, and appearing like a wall built up by human hands, it is a singular and interesting object. The adjacent beds are not affected by it either in position or structure. " Proceeding southwards, arenaceous shales with ironstone nodules, thick beds of blue Hmestone, a,nd another stratum of Calp rise out from beneath the flaggy sandstone. But nearly opposite to Howick village, these beds are cut off, by a great fault, which has rent the beds and considerably altered their position. This fault slopes to the south, and the strata on the north side- have been thrown up ; it is filled partly with shattered fragments of limestone and calp, and with basalt ; it is in fact a small vein containhig, and mixed with the veinstones, galena or sulphuret of lead. It runs in the direction of east by north ; and as a lead mine was formerly worked at Little Houghton, both are probably parts of the same vein. This great rent in the earth's surface appears to be the result of the A'olcanic outbursts, which threw up from the molten depths, the basalts spread over the eastern part of the district; for there is a mass of amorphous basalt in this vein, connected with a stratum of basalt-forced in between the limestone and sandstone on the north side of the dike, the sandstone being in a shivered and indurated state. In the basaltic mass, small but fine crystals of quartz, some of them amethystine, have been found. " On both sides, the beds rise towards the fault : on the north side the dip is at a high angle to the north-east ; but on the south side it is E.S.E. The series of beds is also different ; for, on the south side, neither the limestone nor the Calp appears. From this point onward to Howick Burn, there are sandstones of great thickness, arenaceous and carbonaceous shales, and beds of coal, in which are well-preserved and characteristic specimens of the car- boniferous flora. Several of the sandstone layers exhibit well-defined ripple marks. Although, these beds are of great thickness, the only calcareous strata are a very impure buff limestone of one foot thick, with a coarse plate- bed holding calcareous matter ; both containing marine fossils. " Near to the Howick Boat House, the high tide in 1849 laid bare a sub- marine forest, giving evidence of a change of level in the coast within a comparatively recent period. This forest consisted of a number of oak, fir, elder, and hazel trees, some lying prostrate, and others still rooted and having short upright- stems ; hazel nuts were also found : these vegetables were embedded in peat. Similar forests extending into the sea have been observed at various parts of the eastern coast. I have seen them at Newton by the sea, and at Hartlepool, wheie a six-feet deposit of vegetable matter is covered over with a large accumulation of recent marine shells." Howick was held of the barony of Muschampe, in the reign of Hemy III,, but we find it shortly afterwards the j)roperty of Adam Rybaud, who rendered for it the service of one knight to William de Vesci. In the year 1317, Hentercombe, one of the representatives of the Muschampes, died, seised of a moiety of the manor, the other half being possessed by the Greys of HO WICK PAETSII- 681 Chillingliam, who in a short time, became the owners of the whole manor, which they have since retained. The family of Grey, which is very ancient in Xorthumberland, first attained the peerage in the reign of Edward IV., and it is observable that the Gray family of Scotland bear the same arms as the Greys of the north ef England. As Northumberland, at one period, was considered part of Scotland, it is possible that Lord Grey of Chillingham, in this county, whose predecessor came over with the Conqueror, granted Broxmouth in Eoxburghshire to a younger son of the family, from whom all the Grays of Scotland are thought to be descended. Sir Hugh de Gray wa,s proprietor of Broxmouth in 1314, and his descendant Sir Andrew Gray was summoned as a lord of parliament, in 1437. Sir Thomas Grey of TIeaton and Wark, younger son of Sir Thomas Grey of Chihingham, by Jane, daughter of John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, and younger brother of John Grey, first Earl of Tankerville, in Normandy, K.G. who died in 1421, was the direct ancestor of the present peer, who is lineally descended from Sir Edward Grey of Howick, fourth son of Sir Ralph Grey of Chillingham and Wark. This Sir Edward Grey died in 1632 ; his descendant Sir Henry Grey, Sheriff of Northumber- land in 1736, was created a baronet by George II. in 1746 ; he died in 1749, leaving issue by Hannali, daughter of Thomas Wood, Esq., of Fallowden, Sir Henry Grey, of Howick, second baronet, M.P. for Northumberland, wdio died unmarried in 1808, and Sir Charles Grey, who was elevated to the peerage by the title of Lord Grey of Howick, in May 1801, and was further advanced to be Earl Grey and Viscount Howick, in April 1806 ; his lordship died in 1807, and was succeeded by his son Charles, Earl Grey, formerly M.P. for this county, who married Mary Elizabeth, daughter of William Brabazon Ponsonby, since created Lord Ponsonby, by Louisa, daughter of Pilchard Viscount Molesworth. On the death of this nobleman in 1845, he was succeeded by his son Henry, the present Earl, who is Lord-Lieutenant and custos-rotulorum of the county of Northumberland, a privy-councillor, and an official trustee of the British Museum. Plis lordship has been suc- cessively under-secretary for the Colonies, under-secretary for the Home Department, secretary at war, and secretary of state for the Colonies. The Village of Howick is situated about a mile from the sea, and is prin- cipally inhabited by the families of the servants of Earl Grey. The Parish Chuech, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, is an elegant fabric in the Grecian style, erected upon the site of the old church, which was built previous to the year 1140. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarno and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £36 13s. 4d. Patron the Bishop of Durham ; rector, the Rev. Dixon Browai. LI ere is a daily school, supported by an endowment. The interest of .£100 bequeathed in 1749 by Sir Henry Grey, is annually distributed amongst the poor. ' Howick Hall, erected in 1787, from designs by Paine, is a noble mansion situated in a beautiful park, watered by two streams which unite in the grounds. Near the eastern side of the park are the remains of a Roman en- campment, where several Roman coins and other antiquities have been discovered. 58^ BAMBROUGfH WARD — SOUTH DIVISION* BioGEAPHT. — Dr. Isaac Basire was chaplain to King Charles I., and rector of this parish. During the parliamentary wars, he clung with great tenacity to the royal cause, but at length being forced to quit the kingdom, he passed over to the continent, where he formed the resolution of propagating the doctrines of the Church of England among the Greeks, Arabians, Egyptians, &c., and travelled through Apulia, Naples, Sicily, the Morea, &c., into Syria and Palestine. During his journey he collated the several confessions of faith of the Greeks, Armenians, Jacobites, Maronites, &g., which he kept by him in their own languages. After fifteen years of incessant labour he returned to England, and Charles II., being restored about the same period, restored him to his former benefices, viz. : — the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and the rectory of Howick. He died on October 12th, 1676. Chapjttes.— Magdalen Grey, by her will dated 6th April, 1709, left £300 on trust, which has been devoted to Howick Free School ; and Sir Henry Grey in 1749, gave to the same establishuient, £200, to be put out at interest for the use of the said school. He also gave to the poor of Howick parish £5 a year for ever, to be distributed by the heads of the parish, on the 2 1st of November, in every year. DiEECTOEY. — The Plight Honourable Henry Earl Grey, Howick Hall; Eev. Dixon Brown, rector ; and Robert Barr, schoolmaster. LESBURY PARISH, Lesbuey is a parish comprising the townships of Alnmouth, Biltoo, and Lesbury, and is bounded on the north by Long Houghton, on the west by Alnwick, on the south by High Buston and Shilbottle, and on the east by the German Ocean. It contains 2,624 acres, and the number of its inhabi- tants in 1801, was 874; in 1811, 858; in 1821, 982; in 1831, 976; in ]841, 1,108; and in 1851, it had increased to 1,238 souls. A portion of this parish extends across the river Aln into Coquet(Jale Ward. Alnmouth, or, as it is often called, Alemouth, is a township and smaUport, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. The township comprises an area of 579 acres, and its rateable value is £1,340. Population in 1801, 350; in 1811, 353; in 1821, 406; in 1831, 415; in 1841, 480; and in 1851, 488 souls. The Village and Port of Alnmouth is situated, as its name implies, at the mouth of the Aln. It occupies a high and airy situation, upon a promontory between the river and the sea, about five miles E.S.E. of Aln- wick, and carries on a considerable trade in the exportation of corn, while large quantities of timber and merchandise are imported fiom Holland. The ruins of a chapel dedicated to St. John the Baptist, stood upon an eminence near the sea, but it has been almost washed away by tidal action, and would have entirely disappeared had it not been protected by a wall erected by the Duke of Northumberland. Here is a Wesleyan Methodist chapel, erected by the late Mr. John Apjoleby, a corn merchant in the village. A school is held in the chapel, and twenty poor children receive a gratuitous edu- cation, Mr. Appleby haying left £20 per annum for that purpose. William Burn, teacher. LESBUKY PARISH. ;83 Post Office, Alnmouth, Eobert Simpson, Postmaster. Letters arrive, from Alnwick, at 11-45 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 3-15 p.m. Armstrong James, tailor Brown Jane, vict. Ship Inn Blythe John, tailor Burn William, schoolmaster Charlton Mrc Thomas Crozier Christopher, draper Dickson Arcliibald, corn merchant and herring curer Edmondson Mrs. Mary Edmondson James Elliott, the Misses S. & A. lodging house Gibb Eobert, master mariner Gowens William, vict. and stonemason, Red Lion Hunter Thomas, vict. Eoyal OaJc, Aln- month-road Heatley Henry, master mariner Marshall James, custom house officer Robinson John, boot and shoemaker Eobson Andrew, relieving officer, and regis- trar of births and deaths for the Wark- worth district Simpson Edward, baker Simpson Mr. John Simpson John, tailor Simpson Joseph, grocer Simpson Eobert, shipowner and agent Strother William, Esq. Thompson Eev. Moorhouse, M.A. curat© Walby William, gardener Young John, harbour master Young William, boot and shoemaker BiLTON is a township and liamlet in tlie above parish, situated on the south side of the Aln, in the east division of Coquetdale Ward. The Hamlet of Bilton is pleasantly situated on the road leading from Alnwick to Warkworth, about three miles south-east by east of the latter place. Here is a station on the York, Nej\'castle, and Berwick railway, and for the Alnwick branch hue. Bilton House, the residence of Thomas Tate, Esq., is finely situated on an eminence which commands many fine views of the surrounding country. Directory. — Thomas Tate, yeoman, and land agent and valuator to the Duke of Northumberland, Bilton House ; William Pender, blacksmith ; John Straughan, shopkeeper; and George Taylor, farmer, Bilton Barns. Lesbury, a township and village, gives name to the parish in wdiich it is situated. The area of the tow^nship, inclusive of the hamlets of Bilton, Hawk- hill, and Wooden, which are united with Lesbury for the relief of the poor, though distinct for every other purpose, is 9,054 acres, and its rateable value is £'8,116 15s. 9d. The Duke of Northumberland is landowner. Population in 1801, 524; in 1811, 505; in 1831, 576; in 1831, 561; in 1841, 628; and in 1851, 750 souls. The Village of Lesbury is situated on the northern bank of the Aln, over which there is a neat stone bridge, three and a half miles east by south of Alnwick. The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, has been recently repaired and beautified. The living is a discharged vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarue and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £8 2s. lOd.; gross income, £282, and is in the patronage of the Crown. Rev. Moor- house Thompson, curate. A new vicarage has been erected during the present year. Here is a National School, and an extensive corn-mill. In November, 1850, several cist-vaens, or ston'e coffins, were discovered on the summit of a hill, about a quarter of a mile from Lesbury, and near to the Newcastle and Berwick railway. This hill is one of the Boulder formation, which modify, in a peculiar manner, the physical features of the eastern part of Northum- berland. Tt commands a fine view of Alnmouth Bay, and of the vale of the Aln, with tlie Cheviots in the background. Five cist-vaens were opened all differ- 584 BAMBROUGH WAED — SOUTH DIVISION. ing from each other in size, and lying in different directions ; they were, however, constructed in a similar manner. The clay subsoil had been hollowed out to the depth of from two to four feet, and slabs of stone, generally four, were placed on edge against each other, so as to form a quadrangular space ; these were covered with a larger slab, and above this, large stones were heaped up to the height of more than two feet. The structure was simple and rude enough. No cement had been used, no ornament or inscription appeared, the only indication of the use of a tool being a few marks on the covering slabs, similar to those made by a mason's pick. The slabs were regularly bedded grey sandstones, such as are found in situ on the neighbouring coast, and the stones piled up to form the artificial tumulus, or barrow, were the boulders of basalt, limestone, and sandstone, which occur abundantly in the boulder-clay deposit of the neighbourhood. BioGEAPHY. — The Rev. Percival Stockdale, formerly vicar of this parish, . was the only child of the Rev. Thomas Stockdale, vicar of Branxton. Having received a good education at Alnwick and Berwick, he, on the demise of his father, entered the army as a heutenant in the '23rd regiment of foot, in which he served for some time. The regiment having received orders to embark for India, Lieutenant Stockdale resigned his commission, and two years afterwards received deacon's orders from Dr. Trevor, Bishop of Durham. He then went to London, where he spent his time in the society of Garrick, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Brown, and Goldsmith. He afterwards became curate to Mr. Thorpe, the vicar of Berwick, but in a short time gave up his curacy, and embarked for Italy, wdiere he read and wrote very assiduously. On his return in 1769, he translated " Tasso's Aminta," and shortly afterwards succe'eded Dr. Guthrie, as editor of the " Critical Review." In 1782 he took priest's orders, and in the following year was presented by Lord Chancellor Thurlow with the living of Lesbury, to which the Duke of Northumberland added that of Long Houghton. Here he wrote his tragedy of " Ximenes,"' but in consequence of his declining health, he accepted an invitation to Tangiers, where he passed some time. On his return he Vv^ote an elaborate " History of Gibraltar," which he subsequently destroyed, He afterwards v^'ote some poems, and published his " Lectures on the Poets," as also his " Memoirs of Himself," dedicated to the celebrated Miss Porter. He died at Lesbury, on September 14th, 1811, aged 78 years. Charities. — John Coulter, in 1742, left £20 to the poor of Lesbury, in respect of which £2 9s. 3d. was paid from a gallery erected in the church. The pews in this gallery are let, and the rents, amounting to £7 8s. Od. per annum, are distributed by the minister and churchwardens at Christmas and Midsummer, in small sums among the poor of the parish. HawkhillIs a joint township with Lesbury, and is situated on the north bank of the Aln, about two and a half miles east by south of Alnwick. It is the property of Earl Grey, and consists of one farm in the occupancy of Mr. Thomas Chrisp. Wooden is a hamlet m this township, but locally situated in Coquetdale Ward, four and a half miles south-east by south of Alnwick. It is exclusively occupied and farmed by Mr. Roger Buston, of Buston Hall. LONa HOUGHTON PAHtSfl. x^nderson Elizabeth, shopkeeper Bavd William, shopkeeper Bell Edward, vict. and blacksmith, BlacJc- sniiths' Atins Bell Robert, blacksmith Boyle Stephen, shoemaker Dawson Eev. Charles, yicar, Vicarage Dickson Joseph, joiner and cartwright Flintoff Walter, joiner and millwright Forster William, cartwright Moore Joseph, vict. Northumherland Arms Keyners Samuel A. schoolmaster & parish clerk Swan John, boot & shoemaker Tate George, stonemason Thompson WilUam, clerk, Lesbnry Mill Wilson Edward, shopkeeper Young Joseph, beer retailer Farmers Buston Eoger, Buston Hall Cairns Ralph, Link Farm Chrisp Thomas, Hawkhill Dand Robert, Esq., Field House Eadington James, & miller, Bilton Mill Egdell Thomas, Waterside Embleton Lucy, Foxton Hall Embleton Thomas, Town Head Gardner Robert, Waterside Farm Swan Mark, and overseer. Hill Head W'ilson Charles, Hipsburn LONG HOUGHTON PARISH. Long Houghton parish comprises the townships of Boulnier with Seaton House, Little Houghton, and Long Houghton, whose united area is 4,113 acres. It is bounded on the north by Howick and Embleton parishes, on the west bj Alnwick parish, on the south by Lesbury, and on the east by the German ocean. The parish is about two miles in length by three in breadth, and coal, lead, and limestone, are the principal minerals. Its population in 1801, was 554 ; in 1811, 595 ; in 1821, 650 ; in 1831, 690; in 1841, 773; and in 1851, it had attained to 861 souls. BouLMERAND Seaton House lorm a township in this parish, containing 391 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and the rateable value is £634 6s. It contained in 1801, 100 ; in 1811, 103 ; in 1831, 104 ; in 1831, 140 ; in 1841, 153 ; and in 1851, 149 inhabitants. From the estuary of the Aln to Howick Burn, there seems to have been at one time a vast forest of oaks, wdiich has been submerged by the sea, the enormous roots of the trees are sometimes discovered, even now, by the removal of the sand. The Hamlet of Boulmer is situated on the sea shore, about six miles east by north of Alnwick, and is chiefly inhabited by fishermen, and persons engaged in fish-curing. It contains a school, which is partly endowed by the Duke of Northumberland, an inn, and two grocers' shops. Boulmer Bay, where the fishing boats are moored, might, with great facility, be converted into an excellent harbour, as the rocks form a natural basin eight hundred yards long, and four hundred yards broad, ^^ with a good entrance, which is twelve feet deep at low water. Seaton House, about half a mile south of Boulmer, is a small hamlet consisting of a farm house and a few cottages. Dhectory. — Archibald Dickson, fish-curer ; George Hudson, fish-curer ; Henry Richardson, schoolmaster and grocer ; Bartholomew Stephenson, innkeeper; and George Turner, grocer. Little Houghton is a township and hamlet in the above-named parish, the property of Earl Grey. The township comprises an area of 753 acres, and its rateable value is £3,367. Its population in 1801, was 73 : in 1811, 75; inl8i^], 77; in 1831, 80; in 1841, 136; and in 1851, 165 souls. 3 N ,3 BAMBEOUaH WAED — SOUTH DIVISION. A lead mine was opened in this township as early as 1763; and coal of a peculiar description has also been found. The Hamlet of Little Houghton is pleasantly situated three and a half miles north-east by east of Alnwick. Little Mill is another hamlet in this township. DiRECTOEY. — Henry P. Burrell, Esq. ; John Elliott, farmer ; and Archibald Hills, land agent. LoNa Houghton is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. The towTiship contains 2,969 acres, and its rateable value is £5,018 13s. 6d. The number of the inhabitants in 1801, was 371 ; in 1811, 418; in 1821, 469 ; in 1831, 470 ; in 1841, 483; and in 1851, 547 souls. The Village of Long Houghton is situated about four and a half miles east by north of Alnwick. The Church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a plain structure, containing several marble monuments to the memory of various members of the Roddam and Clarke families. The living is a discharged vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £9 9s. 4d., gross income, £173. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland; incumbent, the Rev. Henry Bell, B.A, The parish register commences in 1646. There is a Day and Sunday school in the village, and a station on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway. Ratcheugh Crag is a romantic eminence, situated near the village, and is part of a range of basaltic eminences running inland from Cullernose. It commands an extensive prospect along the coast, up the vale of the Aln, and onward to the Cheviot Hills. With a slope to the east, it presents a bold chff-like face to the west, formed of huge basaltic columns, capped with beds of carboniferous limestone, which, on the slope of the hill are covered with a metamorphic shale, containing the same fossils as those found in the " calp" at Howick. Charities. — Cuthbert Chessman, in 1729, bequeathed £3. per annum to the poor of Long Houghton town, to be paid at Christmas and Whitsuntide ; and Stanton Neale, in 1814, gave an annuity of £10. to the poor of Long Houghton township, on Christmas day. Bell Rev. Henry, vicar Dennis Wm. stationmaster Finlay R. schoolmaster "" Robinson John, butcher Wilson Robert, mason Blacksmiths Elder John Robinson William Boot and Shoemakers Forster Edward Murray Robert Robinson Robert Conveyance from the Railway Station Caeriee.— To AiNWiCK, George Sheet, on Saturdays Farmers Binks James, Pepper Moor Bolam Christphr. Ratcheugh Davison Michael, Long Bank Farm Dunn Josph.Denwick-ln. End Elder Thomas, Howlet-hill Farm Forster John, Flowers Farm Grey Thomas, Harlow-hill Grey Thomas, Low Stead Sample Wm. Hall Farm Weatherburn Thomas, Snab- leazes WilHam Dennis Joiners Marshall Thomas Murray Thomas Shopkeepers Sheel George Sheel George, and gardener Tailors Pigg George Purvis John Robinson John J. Taverns Blue Bell, Robert MuiTay Blacksmiths' Arms. H. Bell Forster Jane, beerhouse stationmaster i V - OOQUETDALE WARD. CoQUETDALE Waed is divided into four divisions, East, West, North, and South, and comprises two market towns Ahiwick and Rothbury, twelve parishes, two parochial chapelries, and three extra- parochial places, besides six town- ships belonging to Warkworth parish, which is chiefly situated in Morpeth Ward. This large division of the county is bounded on the north by Bam- brough and Glendale Wards, on the west by Scotland, on the south by Morpeth and Tindale Wards, and on the east by the German Ocean. Its form is an irregular oval ; its greatest length, from east to west, being thirty- six miles, whilst its extreme breadth from north to south, is about twenty miles, and its total area is 286,762 statute acres. The number of its inhabi- tants in 1801, was 17,122; in 1841, 20,997; and in 1851, 21,717 souls. The soil and aspect of this district vary greatly, from lofty and sterile wastes to valleys of great fertility. In the eastern part of the ward the surface slopes gently to the sea, and the soil produces abundant crops. There are also some excellent seams of coal and beds of freestone. Splendid meadows are found in the vale of Whittingham, while the most unproductive land in the county is found upon Rimside Moor. A light dry loam prevails in the vicinitj^ of Rothbury, a cold wet loam is found on the banks of the Reed, and the north-western part of the ward is a mountainous region, furnishing pasturage to flocks of sheep, which are very numerous in the neighbourhood. The ward is well watered by the rivers Coquet, Reed, Aln, Breamish, and Till, and by many smaller streams. The following table exhibits the names of the parishes, their acreage, number of houses, and population in 1851: — PARISHES, &c. Acres. Houses. POPULATION. Males. 138 3,421 428 118 382 957 785 796 269 225 314 101 36 8 1,266 642 907 Females. Total. 291 7,319 853 225 742 2,000 1,643 1,574 549 436 641 198 61 13 2,545 1,298 1,905 AlnhaiTi 12,389 16,250 31,940 3,378 12,348 23,361 74,917 12,830 4,962 19,900 9,670 11,304 V,cIo 34,798 7,704 17,484 47 1,095 174 47 140 343 303 325 135 89 101 30 9 1 516 256 357 153 3,898 425 107 368 1,043 858 778 280 211 327 94 25 5 1,279 656 998 Alnwick Alwinton Ediin"liaiii < . . Eglingham Elsdon Feltou FramliDgton (Long) Holystone Ilderton Ingram Kidland Ramsliope Rothbury Shilbottle Whittingham £11 18 9 2 8 1 10 1 4 2 588 COQUETDALE WAED— EAST DIVISION. CHARITIES OF COQUETDALE WARD. Date Donors and nature of gifts. To what places & purposes applied. Annual value, Alnwick Market Tolls (& rent charge) Alnwick Grammar School 1C69. Hugh Potter (rent charge) Alnwick parish — poor 1701-2, Thomas Clennell (interest) Alwinton parish — poor 1703. Martin Hall (rent charge) Elsdon parish — poor 1704. Margaret Hindmarsh (interest) .... Eglingham parish — poor .... 1710. George Fletcher (rent charge) .... Master of Eothbury Grammar School 6 1719. Eev. John Tomlinson (rents) Apprenticing and sending poor scholars to the University, re- lief of poor householders, & GrammarSchool of Eothbury 249 1721. William Potts (rent charge) Alwinton parish — education . . 1 1726. Ann Tate (interest) Long Framlington School. ... 12 1728, Joseph Bilton (interest) Brinkburn Chapelry — poor housekeepers 1731. Benjamin Barton (interest) Aln^^ick parish — poor and edu- cation 5 1738. J, Selby (interest) Alwinton parish — poor 1 1746. John Hedley (interest) Elsdon pai'ish — ^poor 1751. HeniTT Strother (interest) ........ Vicar or education in Shilbottle parish 12 10 1751. Henry Strother (interest) School in township of Newton & education in Shilbottle .... 5 1759. Thomas Heron (pew rents) Eelton parish — poor not re- ceiving parish relief 5 1765. F. Strother (interest) Shilbottlepaiish-poorone moiety, the other to Newton School 5 1770. F. Strother (interest) Newton School 4 1779. WiUiam Hall (dividends) Caistron School 4 12 1806. William Dixon (interest).., Harbottle School 18 1807. Mary Taylor (dividends) Alnwick parish — poor 4 7 10 Eobert HazeMg (rent charge) .... Feltou parish — poor 5 1814. — Neale (rent charge) Alnwick township — poor 10 1826. Ann Tate (interest) Long Framlington School .12 4: 9 1827. Matthew Hedley (rent charge) .... Poor of Whittingham on Christ- mas day 6 10 8 10 4 9 10 7 6 Total £387 12 1 COQUETDALE WARD— EAST DIVISION. ALNWICK PARISH, Alnwick parish is situated partly in tlie eastern division of Coquetdale Ward, and partly in the southern division of Bambrough Ward. It is boun- ded on the north and west by the parishes of Eglingham and Edlingham, on the south and east by Lesbury and Shilbottle parishes, and comprises the tOT^-iiships of Alnwick, Alnwick South fSide, Abbey Lands, Cauongate, ALKWICK PAEISH. &89 Dem\'ick, and Hiilne Park, whose united area is 16,250 acres. The popula- tion in 1801, was 4,719 ; in 1811, 5,426; in 1821, 5,926 ; in 1831, 6,788 ; in 1841, 6,626 ; and in 1851, 7,319 souls. The soil varies very much, a great part of it being moorland, a considerable portion, however, consists of highly ornamented pleasure grounds. The mineral productions of the parish are coal, freestone, limestone, whinstone, and marble. We are indebted to George Tate, Esq., F.G.S., for the following article on the geology of this palish. Geology. — The mountains of Scotland are known to be much older than the Alps, and the whole island has probably a much less elevation now than belonged to its early age. Many of the rivers on the east coast of England, such as the iUn, the Coquet, the Tyne, the Wear, and others, have no flat alluvial estuary, but flow betwdxt steep and abrupt banks down to the ocean. They are hke fragmental or upper branches of large rivers. The east coast is a wasting shore generally, and the action of the sea, with a long and con- tinued subsidence of the land, may have gradually wasted and submerged a large area of the country which existed previous to any written records of history, and far beyond the reach of tradition. The ruins of a submerged forest have recently been washed bare by the waves on the shore, near to Howick, and traces of this character exist on many other portions of the shores of England; betwixt the Mersey and the Dee, on the west, such remains are found. At Alemouth, properly Alnemouth, in the parish of Lesbuiy, the old burial ground has been washed away by the sea ; and with boues of men are found those of horses, supposed to have been slaughtered in border skirmishes. The relative positions of the boulder formation, the carboniferous limestone, and the basaltic dikes or outbursts, are exemplified in a most interesting manner at Eatcheugh, about three miles from Alnwick. The basalt may there be seen interstratified with the limestone, having broken through the lower sedimentary beds : in one part it is intercalated betwixt them ; in another part it covers them. The metamorphic action of the basalt is very marked ; the limestone beds in contact with it have been changed into crystal- line marble, and the shell into porcellanous jasper. At Hawkhill, the estate of Earl Grey, a portion of the under-beds of the carboniferous limestone has recently been bared, for the purpose of obtaining the rock : the surface is found to be polished and scored with parallel groves, running north and south, exactly resembling the polished and striated surfaces observed in Switzerland, on the flats and bottoms of the valleys occupied by glaciers. Volcanic rocks of basalt, greenstone, trachyte, porphyry, &c., are found in all parts of the earth's crust. They have ruptured every formation ; and, where in contact, they have changed the character of all kinds of rocks. Chalk has been con- verted into granular marble, and coal into coke. They may be seen in narrow dikes, leagues in length, and sometimes in huge shapeless masses. The dikes have penetrated the divided strata from unknown depths, evidently in a fluid or semi-fluid state, as thin horizontal sheets are found intercalated between the regular beds, or overlying them ; and in the vicinity of the larger masses 59Gt COQUETDALE WARD—- EAST DIVISION. the rocks are broken, contorted, and thrown back into confusion. The county of Northumberland is traversed by several large dikes, and numerous smaller ones. These trappan rocks are by geologists considered to have had their origin in active volcanoes. The polished surfaces and striated markings are also common over vast areas of the earth's surface, as are also blocks of stone, termed " erratic" some of which are a few inches, others several yards in diameter. They are strewed by thousands over Great Britain, and by myriads over the sandy countries of the north of Germany, in the valleys of Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Russia, and North America. Many of them have one side flat, polished, and grooved in the same manner as the surface of the rocks form- ing the regular strata. Icebergs, holding these stones imbedded, and being driven by the ocean-currents and wind over shoals where their surfaces would be rubbed and ground against the strata, would produce the appearances seen ; and glaciers are known to carry along with them fragments of rock of all sizes, which are rubbed and ground as the whole mass of ice descends. The geological phenomena observed near Alnwick are common to many countries on either side the intermediate equatorial and warmer regions — over vast areas of the globe. They speak of a cold climate, and of change. The town of Alnwick stands on the south bank of the Aln, at a considerable elevation above the bed of the river, on the boulder formation, or " northern drift," which in several parts of the county overlies the carboniferous forma- tion. The northern drift consists of many beds of sand, gravel, erratic boulders, and clay, irregularly interstratified with each other ; it is of variable thickness. The following section, taken when water was bored for on the north-west outskirts of the town, will show the general character and suc- cession of the formation : — Ft. In. Gravel 7 Shai-p sand 3 6 Gravel 3 6 Gravel and erratic boulders 4 Tough red clay in wliieh boulders are generally imbedded .... 5 Sharp sand with water 9 Below these were beds belonging to the carboniferous series, viz: — Grey clay or shale 23 6 Slaty sandstone 13 Grey metal 6 Sandstones and shale 17 Totaldepth 86 On the south-west part of the to^vn the subsoil is very damp, being sand, saturated with water, resting on clay. Some of the buildings in this district, as for example the Scientific Institute, stand on piles driven into the sand. The river Aln, in portions of its upper channel, flows over sandstone beds ; but opposite to the town, and for the most part of its course onward to the sea, I ALN^YICK PARISH, 591 it runs througii portions of tlie northern drift, and passes over a sandy mud, and in some parts a gravelly channel. The mountain-limestone formation extends over the parish and neighbourhood of Alnwick ; it consists of lime- stones, calcareous shales, sandstones, coal, and carbonaceous shales, with ironstone nodules interstratified. The limestone and calcareous shales contain remains of corals, crinoids, mollusks, and fish, characteristic of the lower beds of the mountain limestone, The sandstones and carbonaceous shales yield remains of plants identical v\dth those found in the Newcastle coalfield, such as Stigmaria ficoides, and some species of calamites, lepidodendron, and sigillaria. The Northumberland mountain-limestone is of the same age, and presents similar characteristics, as that which is found in Fifeshire. This formation also extends over a wide area in Russia. The limestones worked in this parish produce lime of the best quality, and excellent sandstones for building purposes are abundant and accessible. The coal obtained in the neighbourhood is not well adapted for domestic use. The inclination of the mountain limestone strata in the county is varied, the angle depending chiefly on their relation to the porphyry of the Cheviot, from which they generally dip, yet modified, especially in the eastern part of the county, by basaltic dikes and outbursts, in the neigh- bourhood of which the beds are broken and contorted. Basaltic rocks over- lying portions of the strata are found to the south-west of Alnwick. The rocks in Alnwick parish generally dip south-east. Proceeding from the sea coast, in a line north-west, the strata rise towards Alnwick, and the relation of the beds in Alnwick parish to the contiguous formations may be distinctly seen. At Radcliff the coal measures, which are a continuation of the Newcastle coalfield, will be passed over. At Warkworth the millstone-grit will be found rising from beneath the coalfield. At Newton- en-the-Moor and Shilbottle, where one of the best seams of coal in the country is worked, the uppermost beds of the mountain-limestone rise up from below the millstone grit, and from beneath these again the Alnwick Moor lime- stones crop out. The chief beds of limestone in Alnwick parish appear in the elevated grounds at Hobberlaw and Alnwick Moor ; but the hills to the north of Alnwick, and the highest hills on the moor, which are 800 feet above sea-level, are formed of masses of gritty sandstone. On the shore near Howick the limestone beds may be seen bent in curved lines, and the characteristic fossils of the formation may be obtained in abundance. On the declivity of the highest hills in Alnwick Moor, there are several springs of water, w^hich, coming out of the sand-stone rocks, are remarkably bright. Along the acclivity of the hill ranging from Clayport Bank to Rugley, are several powerful springs, probably containing some portion of carbonate of lime, as the limestone beds are near to them. Some other springs in the neighbourhood of Alnwick are strongly impregnated with iron. BOROUGH OF ALNWICK. Alnwick, the county toWn of Northumberland, is situated on a declivity near the banks of the Aln, about thirty- three miles north by west of Newcastle, 592 COQUETDALE WAKD— EAST DIVISIOK. and 306 nortli b}^ west of London. The population in 1831 amounted to 6,231 souls, of which 2,882 were males, and 3,348 females. The town is well built, the houses are modern, and in general coustructed of freestone, many of them are of considerable elegance. Four bridges cross the Aln in the neighbourhood of the town, one of which, situated at the northern ex- tremity, is a fine stone structure of three arches. The streets are well paved, spacious, and lighted with gas. Alnwick had formerly four gates, defended by massive towers, of which Bondgate is the only one remaining, and is at present used as a prison. There is a spacious Market Place and Town Hall, in which the courts for the county are held, and the members of parhament for the northern division of the county are elected. The most important buildirjg is the Castle, to which we shall devote a separate article. History is silent v/ith regard to the foundation and rise of the town of Alnwick, though it is the opinion of antiquarians that it owes its origin to the Romans, but it is certain that it was inhabited during the Saxon period of our history, and that Gilbert Tysou, one of the most powerful of the North- umbrian chiefs, was the proprietor of the castle at the time of the Korman Conquest. Few remains of antiquity are found in the neighbourhood, and hence it has been inferred, that the various armies, which at different periods invaded the country, did not remain in this place for any length of time. In the reign of Rufus, the town was besieged by Malcolm III. of Scot- land, who was killed along with his son before its walls. It was captured by David of Scotland in the year 1135, but was restored to the English crown by treaty in the following year. Alnwick appears to have been very inaus- picious to the Scottish kings, for William the Lion was taken prisoner here, while besieging the castle in 1174. It is related that William, attended by sixty followers, wa% engaged in tilting at a short distance to the west of the Castle, wdien he was suddenly attacked by a party of horsemen, who had ad- vanced from Newcastle to the relief of the place. At their first appearance, he mistook them for a party of his own men, but on seeing their banner, he struck his shield with his lance, and rode forward to encounter them, exclaim- ing, " Now let us prove wdio is the truest knight." His horse was killed at the first shock, and he himself thrown to the ground and made prisoner. About a quarter of a mile from the Castle, to the left of the road going to Hulne Park, there is a stone set up near the spot where tradition says the king was ca^ptured. The Scottish monarch was subsequently ransomed for the sum of £100,000. Alexander, the son of William the Lion, came to Alnwick in 1210, to render homage to king John, and five years afterwards the barons of the north had resource to the same Alexander for protection against the tyranny of the English monarch, and in order to obtain it did homage to Alexander at Felton. This proceeding so incensed John, that he marched northward in the depth of winter, and caused Alnwick and several other towns to be laid in ashes. It was again destroyed by fire in the year 1448, by the Scots under the command of James Douglas, Lord of Balven3^ In the reign of Edward IV., the English army commanded by the Dukes of Albany and Gloucester, was marshalled at Alnwick, previous to an invasion BOKOUGH OF AL"N^YICK. 593 of Scotland ; and in the reign of Henry VIII., 1543, a few days previous to the memorable battle of Flodden, wherein James IV. of Scotland lost his life, an army of 26,000 men was detained at Alnwick for some time, in conse- quence of the heavy rains which rendered the roads impassable. The renowned house of Percy, which may number among its ensigns those of the royal hues of England and Scotland, of Normandy and Brittany, of France, Castile, and Leon, had its origin in Denmark, being descended from Mainfred, a Danish noble, who united with Kollo in the subjugation of Normandy, in 912, and adopted the name of De Percy from his acquired possessions in that province. Sixth in descent from him was William de Percy, who came over with the Conqueror and married Emma, daughter of Cospatric, the Saxon Earl of Northumberland, whose estates had been seized and conferred upon the Percy, for the war their owner levied against the Normans. Sir Henry Percy, the renowned "Hotspur," was eldest son of Henry, fourth Baron of Alnwick, and first Earl of Northumberland, and w-as father of the second earl. The sixth earl w^as persecuted by Henry VIII. for his early attachment to Anne Boleyn, and died without issue, when the honours were conferred upon his nephew, Thomas, by Queen Mary. This Thomas, Earl of Northumberland, was one of the Wardens General of the Marches, and defeated the Scotch in two engagements, near Cheviot and Swinton, in 1557, and the following year. He was one of the lords who protested against the validity of Anglican ordinations, and in concert with the Earl of West- moreland, headed an insurrection in the north wliich had for its object the restoration of the old religion. The undertaking, however, failed, and the Earl of Northumberland was beheaded at York. He was succeeded by his brother Henry, who had remained^ during the insurrection, a firm adherent of Elizabeth. He was summoned to the parliament held in 1576, by the title of Earl of Northumberland and Baron Percy, but being suspected of plotting to place Mary, Queen of Scots, upon the English throne, he was committed to the Tower, where he was found dead in his bed,_on the 21st June, 1585. Henry, his eldest son, the ninth Earl, succeeded him, and was one of those volunteer lords w'ho hired vessels to accompany Charles Howard, Lord High Admiral of England, against the Spanish Armada, but, on a bare suspicion of being im- plicated in the Gimpowder Plot, he w^as severely fined and imprisoned. He was afterwards arraigned before the Star Chamber, by whose sentence he was fined three hundred thousand pounds, rendered incapable of holding office, and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. In the Tower he devoted himself to literary and scientific pursuits, pensioned several learned men, and was accustomed to have so many mathematicians and scientific men at his table, that he was sm'named " Henry the Wizard." His liberal patronage of science has won for him a ^prouder title, that of the Moecenas of his age. Having paid the enormous fine imposed upon him, he regained his liberty in 1621, and died at his seat at Petworth, in 1632, leaving six children, the two eldest of whom dying without issue, he was succeeded by his third son, Algernon, who became the tenth Earl of Northumberland. This Algernon was about thirty years of age when the titles and estates of his ancestors devolved upon 2 594 C0QI3ETDALE WARD— EAST DIYISTON. liim. He acted under several commissions from the parliament, dm*ing the civil wars, and made every effort to save the life of the king. He subsequently took an active part in the restoration of Charles II, and dying at Petworth, in 1668, was succeeded by his only son Josceliue, who was afterwards Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Northumberland and Sussex. He died in 1670, leaving an only child, the Lady Elizabeth Percy, heiress, with his large possessions, to the baronies only, the other honours becoming extinct. She married, thirdly, (having been twice a widow and thrice a wife before she was sixteen years of age), Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, who assumed her name, and their son, Algernon Seymour, Earl of Hertford and Egremont, and eighth Duke of Somerset, succeeded his father as Baron Percy, and was created Earl of Northumberland, with remainder to the husband of his only child, the Lady Elizabeth, who married Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart., of Stamoick, in the County of York. This lady succeeded as Baroness Percy, and Sir Hugh as Earl of Northumberland, and Baron Warkworth. He assumed the name of Percy, and was created Baron Louvaine, of Alnwick, Earl Percy, and Duke of Northumberland, which dignities he enjoyed till his death, in 1786, when they were inherited by his eldest son, who dying in 1817, in the 76th year of his age, was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh Percy, third Duke of Northumberland, upon whose demise, in 1847, the estates and honours of this ancient house were inherited by his brother, Algernon Percy, the present Duke of Northumberland, Earl of Northumberland, Earl Percy, Baron Percy, Baron Lucy, Baron Fitzpayne, Pojmings, Bryan, Latimer, Y/arkworth, and Prudhoe. His grace is a Knight of the Garter, and was First Lord of the Admiralty in the Earl of Derby's Cabinet. The Duke is also a retired rear- admiral in the royal navy, constable of Launceston Castle, president of the Ptoyal Institution, a privy councillor, D.C.L., and F.R.S. Alnwick Castle, one of the principal seats of the noble family of Percy, is situated on the south S!de of the River Aln, on an elevation which gives great dignity to its appearance, and in ancient times rendered it almost an im- pregnable fortress. It is behoved to have been founded in the time of the Piomans, although no part of the original structure is now remaining. The zig-zag fret-work round the arch that leads into the inner court, is evidently of Saxon architecture, and yet it is suggested by Grose that this was probably not the most ancient entrance, for under the flag tower, before that part of the castle was rebuilt, was the appearance of a gateway, that had been walled up, directly fronting the present exterior gate-house towards the town. This castle appears to have been a place of great strength immediately after the Conquest, but from length of time and the various shocks which it had sustained in ancient times, it had become almost a ruin, when by the death of Algernon, Duke of Northumberland, it devolved, as has been seen, together with all the estates of this great barony, to the family of its present illustrious possessors, " who immediately," says Grose, " set to repair the same, and with the most consummate taste and judgment, restored and embellished it as much as possible, in the true Gothic style ; so that it may deservedly be considered as one of the noblest and most magnificent models of a great baronial castle." BOEOUGH OF ALNWICK, 695 Alnwick castle contains about five acres within its walls, which are flanked with sixteen towers and turrets, affording a complete set of offices suitable to its magnitude and dignity. Like other ancient fortresses in the north, that of Alnwick has large stone figures of armed men, placed at regular intervals on the parapet of the battlements. " Nothing can be more striking than the effect at first entrance within its walls, from the town, when through a dark gloomy gateway of considerable length and depth, the eye suddenly emerges into one of the most splendid scenes that can be imagined, and is presented at once with the great body of the inner castle, surrounded with fair semicircular towers, finely swelling to the eye, and gaily adorned with pinnacles, figm'es, battlements, &c. The impression is still further heightened by the successive entrance into the second and third courts through great massy towers, till the stranger reaches, the inner court, in the very centre of this splendid pile." From this court the entrance to the castle is by a staircase of singular form, the roof of which is ornamented with a series of one hundred and twenty shields of arms, as borne by the different alliances of the Percy family. The first room, forty-two feet in length by eighty-nine in breadth, is hung with portraits of the successive Earls of Northumberland. The drawing-room is forty-seven feet long by thirty-six broad, and contains a splendid oriel window. The dining-room is fifty-four feet long, twenty-one feet wide, and twenty-seven feet high. The chapel fills all the space of the middle v^^ard, and its architectural features are derived from ancient and approved models ; its great east v/indow is copied from one of the finest in York Minster, the groining of the roof from that of King's College Chapel Cambridge, and the walls are said to be painted in the manner of the celebrated cathedral of Milan, and present the genealogical table of the house of Northumberlanch The library is a very fine room suitably furnished and elegantly ornamented. In the upper apartment of the Con- stable's Tower there are 1,500 stand of arms, which are arranged in beautiful order, and were used by the Percy tenantry, during the time that England vfas menaced with a French invasion. Alnwick Abbet, — This was formerly an abbey of Premonstratensian Canons, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. James. It was founded in the year 1147, by Eustace Fitz John, who, by his marriage with Beatrice, the daughter and heiress of Ivo de Vesci became Lord of the barony of Aln- wick. From the charter of foundation addressed to William de Sancta Barbara, Bishop of Durham, it appears that the above named Eustace Fitz John amply endowed it out of his baronial possessions, annexing to it the village of Hincliff, with its demesnes, wastes, and the service of half the tenants ; two parts of the tithes of the lordships of Tuggall, Aluham, Hey- send, and Chatton ; one moiety of the tithes and two bovates of land at Gyson, the church of Haugh, the lands of Ridley and Morewick Haugh, together with the hberty of erecting a corn mill on the river Coquet, and of raising as much corn on the wastes there, as the convent could plough, with the liberty to grind at the '*^)?i»(^er's milU mulcturefree.'' He also granted the canons, for their table, a tithe of all the venison and pork killed 596 COQUETDALE WARD — EAST DIVISION. in his parks and forests, and of all fish taken in his fishery by his order, and a salt work at Warkworth. In addition to the extensive endowments just mentioned, William de Vesci, the son of Eustace, " for the health of his soul and that of his father Eustace and his mother Beatrice, and of his an- cestors," granted three charters, by which he gave to God and the church of the Holy Mary of Alnwick, and to the canons of the Premonstratensian order there serving God, the church of "Chatton with every thing pertaining thereunto, the church of Chillingham, and the church of Alnham in free and perpetual alms. The canons also held the advowsons and appropriations of St. Dunstan's, in Fleet-street, London, and of Sakenfield, in Yorkshire; also lands at Chatton and Falloden, and four tenements and a garden in New- castle-upon-Tyne. From the chronicles of this abbey, which are preserved in the library of King's College, Cambridge, it appears that several of the Percies were interred here. The abbots of this house were summoned to the several parhaments held during the reigns of Edward I. and Edward II. At the DissolutioD, the annual revenues of this abbey were estimated at £189 15s. Od. by Dugdale, and £191 7s. Od. by Speed, there being then thirteen canons. The site was granted, in the fourth year of the reign of Edward VI. to Ralph Sadler, and Lawrence Winnington, but it was afterwards sold, with its demesnes, to Sir Francis Brandling, Knt., and came subsequently into the 230ssession of the Doubleday family, from whom it passed to the Hewitsons w^ho sold the portion containing the abbey to the Duke of Northumber- land. Of the abbej^ buildings, the gateway tower alone remains, which, from the style of its architecture, and the armorial bearings with which it is adorned, appears to be of more modern date than the foundation of the house. The tower is of an oblong form, and possesses on each corner, an exploratory turret, while other portions of the building, which are in excellent preserva- tion, show that it has been built as a defence to the conventual structure Avhich it adjoined. CHURCHES, CHAPELS, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, &c. The Paeish Chuech of Alnwick is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and St. Michael the Archangel. It is an ancient structure, situated to the north- west of the town, at the end etf Bailiffgate. The date of its erection cannot be ascertained, though from the architecture of the arches, and from the arms of the Vesci family being on different parts, and the ai'ms of Percy on one of the caps of the pillars, it is supposed to have been built about the year 1300. It contains few monuments of any importance. On reiDairiug the north aisle in 1816, two statues were found, one of them represents a person with his hands and feet bound, and his body transfixed with arrows ; this is supposed to be a statue of St. Sebastian. The other is apparently the figure of a king, having a crown on his head, a ball and sceptre in his hands, and a purse at his girdle. It is not known what personage this is intended to represent. In the chancel is the recumbent figure of a female, who ap pears to have belonged to some religious order. The surcoat, helmet and- BOROUGH OF ALKWTCK. 597 with the faneml achievements, of the Dukes of Northumberland hang against the waU. This church has been frequently repaired, but much of its original character still remains. There was formerl}^ a cbantry in this church, dedi- cated to our Lady, which was founded by Henr}^ Earl of Northumberland, in the reign of Henry VI. Its revenues were augmented, from time to time, by grants from pious individuals, and seems to have risen rapidly, as it only existed for 100 years. At the Dissolution it possessed forty-four burgages in various parts of the town of Alnwick, containing in all eleven acres. As the forty-four burgages only produced a rental of £12 13s. 4d. in 1547, they must have been chiefly small cottages, and small properties, wdiich, after the suppression of the religious houses, were granted to several individuals. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Alnwick, rated in the Liber Regis at £15 ; and in the parliamen- tary returns at £106. The endowments are £800 private benefactions, £200 royal bounty, and £2,100 parliamentary grant; gross income, £175. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland. Incumbent, the Rev. Couit Granville, M.A. ; curate, Rev. Hemy Miles, B.A. St. Paul's Chukch, situated in the Green Bat, is a neat structure in the early Enghsh style of architecture, erected in 1847. Rev. Charles Charlton, M.A., incumbent. St. Mary's Catholic Church is situated in Baiiiffgate. It is a neat edifice, and has long been served by priests of the Society of Jesus. Rev. Sidney Woollett, S.J., priest. Chapels. — The Bethel Chapel, in Chapel-street, belongs to the Methodist New Connexion, and has a small library attached to it. The Independent Chapel, situated in St. Michael's-lane, was erected in 1816, but the con- gregation has existed since 1731. The Presbyterian Meetinq House, in Pottergate, was rebuilt in 1780, by a congregation which had existed from a period anterior to the Revolution of 1688. Rev. John Walker, minister. The Unitarians have a small chapel in Correction House Yard, in which they have assembled since 1817. There is also the United Presbyterian Chapel, Cla3^port-street, the Rev. William Leamont, minister; the United Presbyterian Chapei,, Lisburn-street, Rev. William Donaldson, minister; and the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Old Chapel-lane, Rev. James Dunbar, minister. Schools. — The Borough Schools are situated in Dispensary-street, and were established for the education of the freemen's children of the borough. The Grammar School, wliich forms a portion of this establishment, is endowed principally from the corn-tolls, granted in 1649, by Algernon, Earl of Northumberla.ia. This income, which has considerably decreased of late years, is augmented by a voluntary gift from the corporation, and all sons of freemen who apply are taught classics free. The master is also allowed to take pay scholars. George Meaby, B.A., head master. St. Marys Catholic School is situated in Howdek-street, James Cronin and Rosetta Palmer, teachers. The British School is in Bondgate, John EUeathrope, teacher. Alnwick National Schools arc situated in Pottero-ate, Robert 598 COQUETDALE WARD EA^T DIVISION. W. Irving and Margaret Irving, teachers. The Duke's School, in the Green Bat, was erected and founded for 200 poor bojs, by the Duke of Northumberland in 1810, and the Duchess' School in Canongate, was instituted by the Duchess of Northumberland, for clothing and educating 50 poor gMs. Besides these there are several private and Sunday Schools, which are numerously attended. The Town Hall is situated on the west side of the Market-place in the centre of the town. It was erected in ]73], and contains a lai'ge hall with two rooms adjoming, and is used for holding the quarter sessions, the manor and county courts, and the meetings of the common council and the several companies of freemen. In this hall the members of parhament for the county are elected, and other pubhc business is transacted. The Correction House and Justices' Room is situated in the vicinity of the Market-place. It was erected in 1807, and contains workrooms, cells, and other necessary apartments, with two separate yards for the prisoners. There is a,lso a large room, in which the justices of the peace meet regularly once a fortnight to transact business. John Nichol, keeper, IsabeUa Nichol, matron. The Dispensary, established in 1816, is in Dispensary-street, and is under the managemeut of two physicians, two surgeons, and an apothecary, whose offices occupy the ground floor. The upper story contains two wards, one for each sex, and a fever-ward, with an apartment for the matron, and chambers for the nurses. Upwards of 400 patients receive medical and surgical assistance at this institution annually. Every subscriber of one guinea or upwards per annum, is cousidered a governor, with the privilege of voting in all the transactions of the charity, and may have one patient con- stantly on the books. Edward Smiles, house surgeon. The Gas YfoRKs are in Canongate, and were established in 1825, for the manufacture of oil-gas, but were converted into coal-gas works in 1830. The quantity of gas made in the year is estimated at 1,802,402 feet, for which the charge to the public is eight shillings per 1,000 cubic feet. On the first establishment of the company the price was twenty shilUngs per 1,000 feet. The Post Office is situated in Fenkle-street. George Tate, Esq., F.G.S., postmaster. The Registrar's and Guardians' Offices are in the Market- place. A Savings' Bank was estabhshed here in 1816, and is situated in St. Michael's-lane. The Stamp Office is ii Baihffgate, Henry Alder, distributor. The Alnwick Scientifc and Mechanical Institution was established in 1824, and, since that period, it has continued to receive that attention and support from the learned and wealthy, which it so justly merits. It possesses a good library, and the other conveniences of a successful institution. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; president. Earl Grey ; secretaries, George Tate, Esq., F.G.S., and Mr. Thomas Buddie. The Alnwick Poor Law Union comprehends seventy-one parishes and townships, embracing an area of 98,935 statute acres, and its population in 1851 was 21,122 souls. The parishes and townships are, Abberwick, Abbey BOROUGH OF ALNWICK. ^ 599 Lands, AckliDgton, Acklington Park, Acton and Old Felton, Alnmoiith, Aln- wick, Alnwick South Side, Amble, Bassington, Beanley, Bilton, Billing, Bolton, Boulmer and Seaton House, Broome Park, Brotherwick, Broxfield, Bruntou, Biiston High, Buston Low, Canongate, Charlton North, Charlton South, Craster, Cravvdey, Denwick, Ditchburn, Doxford, Dunston, Edlingham, Eglingham, Elyhaugh, Embleton, Fallodon, Felton, Glanton, Gloster Hill, Greens and Glantlees, Guyzance, Harehope, Hauxley, Hawkhill, Hazon and Hartlaw, Hedgeley, Homck, Hulne Park, Learchild, Lemmiugton, Lesburj, Little Houghton, Long Houghton, Morwick, Newton-by-the-Sea, Newton-on- the-Moor, Bennington, Rock, Shawdon, Shieldykea, Shilbottle, Shipley, Stam- ford, Sturton Grange, Swarland, Titlington, Togstone, Walkmill, Warkworth, Whittle, Wooden, and Woodhouse. The Union Workhouse is situated in Bondgate Without. The Board of Guardians meet on the second and last Saturday of each month, Wm. Dickson, Esq., chairman. Bev. Court Granville, chaplain ; John Davidson^ surgeon ; John Johnson, master; Ann Johuson, matron ; Henry and Elizabeth Masters, teachers ; and George Nicholson, porter. Brislee Tower occupies an elevated situation about two miles to the north- west of the castle, and commands a most extensive view of the surrounding country. The design of the tower is very elegant, and it is finished in the highest style of masonry. Above the entrance, on the first balcony is the following inscription:- — MDCCLXXXI. H. DVX. Northumbrie Fecit. A little above the balcony, under a medallion of the duke, is inscribed the follo^ving : — CiRcuMSPicE. Ego Omnia Ista Sum Dimensus; Mei Sunt Ordines, Mea Descriptio, Multa Etiam Istarum Arborum Mea Manu SUNT Satje. Which may be rendered. "Look around you. I have measured out all these things ; they are my orders, it is my planning, many of these trees have even been planted by my hand." A circular internal staircase leads to the summit, which is sixty-six feet high, and is surrounded with a balcony, and above all, a curious iron grate finishes this column whose total height is ninety feet. The uppermost balcony commands an extensive and varied prospect. To the west lies the fertile vale of Whittingham, to the north-west the hills of Cheviot, to the east are fine green vales, in the midst of which the town of Alnwick, overlooked by the castle, has a most picturesque appearance, and to the south the ruins of the ancient castle of Dunstanbrough, the towering remains of Warkw^orth Castle, and the high land in the county of Durham, terminate the prospect. The Percy Tenantry Column is situated on a beautiful knoll adjoining the road on the southern entrance to the town. Tt stands upon a base upwards of ninety feet in circumference, built with a species of rose coloured granite. This basement is ascended by steps in four divisions, separated by huge plinths, on which are placed colossal lions raised on bases of polished black marble. From this basement another elevation rises, which finishes with a gallery, having its angles Ornamented by Etruscan plasters, and the sides formed into square panels, that facing the east contains the following inscription : — To 600 coquetdale "\yard east diyisio^^ Hugh, Duke of Northuimbeeland, K.G. This Column is Erected, Dedicated, and Inscribed, rt a Grateful and United Tenantry, Anno Domini MDCCCXYL In each of the four panels of the parapet of the galleiy is engraved the armorial motto of the Percy family : — Esperance en Dieu. Out of this gallery the column rises, resting on a squared plinth. The capital of the column forms a light Ycranda, secured by an elegant iron palisade, and from this veranda a circular pedestal arises, supporting a lion passant, the crest of the house of Percy. Borough of AlnyiHck. — Alnwick claims to be a borough by prescription. The archives do not contain any royal incorporating charter, but an estab- lished corporation is recognised by a charter of 42, Henry III. The officers of the corporation are four chamberlains, twenty-four common councilmen, and chamberlain's clerk. The coi-porate name is " The Chamberlain's Com- mon Council, and Freemen of the Borough of Alnwick^" They exercise no jurisdiction over the affairs of the town, but they are possessed of some pro- perty in land and houses, out of the income of which they support a school for their ovm children, and they maintain several pubhc pants, and two public clocks. The freemen originally consisted of several guilds, or companies, at present reduced to ten, viz. : — the cordwainers, the skinners and glovers, the merchants, the tanners, the weavers, the blacksmiths, the butchers, the joiners, the tailors, and the coopers. Each company is gOYcrned by an alderman, wardens, and stewards, who are appointed annually, and has peculiar bye-laws and orders for its own regulation. The freemen of Alnwick, on their admission to their rights on St. Marks day, have to pass through a pool on the moor, the water of which is purposely made filthy and muddy ; hidden stakes, pitfalls, and obstructions are also placed in the water, and thi'ough this foul pool, so prepared, laughed at, pelted, and hooted by his townsmen, each young freeman is required to pass before he can take up his freedom. After this agreeable bath he has to ride the bounds of the moor on horseback, over about tweke miles of most dangerous road, which is attempted at a racing pace for the honour of j)i'ecedence given to the person who accom- plishes the distance first, and, as some of the young men know litt]e of horsemanship, serious accidents have taken place. Tradition assigns this custom to a capricious mandate of King John, who had been befouled in the filth of Ayden Forest, when hunting. That which was imposed as a penance is now performed as an honour, but it is time that this memento of a weak- minded tyrant should be terminated, and that a more rational mode of taking up their freedom and preserving the boundaries of their property should be adopted by the freemen. The county magistrates hold a monthly court at Alnwick for the east division of Coquetdale ward. Charities. — Mark Forster, by his ^ill, bearing date 20th September, 1726, left a rent charge of £15 per annum; £10 for the education of the children of poor freemen, and widows of freemen of the borough of Alnwick, and the remaining £5. to be chstributed amongst the poor of the town and parish of Alnwick. Hugh Potter, in 16G9, bequeathed £40 to the town of BOROUGH Of ALKWICK DIRECTORY. 601 Alnwick, the interest at the rate of six per cent., to be distributed to the poor on Good Friday. Benjamin Barton, by his will, dated 18th December, 1737, gave £100 to the minister of Alnwick, in trust, that the interest of £50 should be distributed among the common poor of the said town, and the interest of the other £50 paid for the education of " unfreemen's" children of the said town. Mary Taylor, in 1807, gave to the churchwardens and overseers of the poor of the parish of Alnwick, £100, clear of all duty, upon trust, to place out the same and distribute the interest yearly at Christmas, among the poor persons residing in the said parish ; and Stanton Neale, by his will, proved at Durham, in 1814, gave to the curate and churchwardens of Alnwick, for the time being, an annuity of £10 to be distributed among the poor of the township of Alnwick on Christmas Day. BOEOIJGIH OE ALNWICK DIREOTOET. Post Office, Fenkle Street, George Tate, postmaster. Letters arrive here from the south at 9 a.m. and 6-15 p.m., and from the north at 4-30 and 10 p.m. They are des- patched to the south at 3-50 and 9-5 p.m., and to the north at 8-20 a.m. and 5-30 p.m. The hox closes fifteen minutes before each despatch, letters, however, may be sent by affixing an extra stamp, until five minutes before the departure of the mails. Local Posts are despatched at 9-15 a.m. Money Orders are attended to from 9 a.m to 6 p.m. Miscellany Comprising the names of those not arranged in the classification of trades and profes- sions. ALDER Henry, clerk, Bailifi'gate Ahen Edward, draper (Jas. Allen & Son) ; house, Bondgate-street Allen Miss Elizabeth, Percy-place Allen James, dog-tax collector, Grey-place Allen .James, draper (James Allen & Son) ; house, Greenbat Alhson Miss Mary, Allison-place Archbald James, clerk, Prudhoe-street Archer Joseph, clerk, Lisburn-street Armstrong George, builder (Armstrong & Hudspeth) ; house, Lisburn-street BAIRT) Wm. gentleman, Narrowgate-st Barnfeather Wm. architect, BailifFgate Bell Thomas Henry, relieving officer for the Alnwick district, Greenbat Bowmaker Mrs. Jane, Northumberland-st 9 2 Bowmaker James, gentleman, Bondgate Without Brown Miss Ann, Pottergate Brown Miss Fanny, Bondgate Without Brown George, lodge-keeper. Dairy Gardens Burnett Charles, land-agent, Bailiffgate Burrell Bryan, Esq. Broom Park Burrell Miss Harriett, Bondage Without CARR Mrs, Ann, Percy-place Carr Mrs. Jane, Bondgate Hall Carr Wm. John, solicitor (Spours & Carr) ; house, Bondgate-street Carse Wm. saddler (Forster & Carse) ; ho. Hope-terrace Catheside Mrs. Mary, Percy-place Charlton Rev. Charles, M.A. incumbent, Croft House Charlton John, cattle doctor, Greenbat Christian Knowledge Society's Depot, Bondgate Without Clarke thos. T. clerk, Pottergate-street 60^ COQUETDALE WAED — EAST DIVISIOK. Clutterbuck the Misses Ann & Margaret, Allisen-place Crisp Mrs. Jane, Clayport-street Crisp Isaac, clerk. Hotspur-place Cummings Mrs. Mary, Grey's-place Cm-ry Miss Elizabeth, Bondgate-street Cuthbertson Mrs. Ann, Grey's-place DAYISON Jane,librarian, Alnwick library ; house, Bondgate-street Davison Kobert, spirit merchant, &c. (Mark Smith & Co.) ; house, Glive-terrace Dawson Mrs. Margaret, Clayport-street Dawson Thomas, clerk, Hope-terrace Dick Mrs. Mary, board and lodging-house, Greenbat Dickman Wm. ironmonger (Wilkin & Dick- man) ; house, Bondgate-street Dickson Wm. sen. solicitor, clerk to the justices, and clerk of the peace for the county of Northumberland (W. & W. Dickson) ; house, BailifFgate-street Dickson AYm. jun. solicitor (W. & W. Dick- son) ; house, Belvidere-terrace Dodds Mrs. Mary, Bondgate Without Donaldson Eev. David, Hope-terrace Donkin James, draper (Donkin & Co.) ; ho. 1, Fenkle-street Dunbar Eev. James, (Methodist) Percy-pl EGDELL Mrs. Ann, Clive-terrace Embleton T. R. B. master mariner, Percy- place Etherington Robert, coach builder, (Ether- ington and Holmes) ; house, Bondgate Without EENWICK Miss Ann, Hope-terrace Eenley the Misses Margaret & Jane, Bond- gate Without Elintoff Mrs. Margaret, Grosvenor-teiTace Forster the Misses Hannah & J. BailiflPgate Forster John, saddler (Forster & Carse) ; house, Narrowgate-street Forster Miss Lucy, Bondgate Without Forster Mrs. Clive-terrace Foulger Francis, gamekeeper, Hulne Abbey GARDENER Robert, clerk, Fenkle-street Gibb Henry, bailiff, Bondgate Without Gill AVilliam, horse-breaker, Greenbat Gladstone Mr. John, Perc^^-street Golding Ehza, dairymaid, Dairy Gardens Graham Mary, cart proprietor, Bondgate- street Graham Wm, coal-agent, Bgndgate Without Granville Rev. Court, vicar, Northumber- land-street Greener Rev. Robert (Independent), Bond- gate Without Grey Mr. Robert, Lisbum-streel HALL George (Capt. R. N.), Clayport-st Hamilton Miss Agnes, Bondgate-street Hardy Miss Jane, Bondgate Withou"^ Hardy John James, coroner for the North- ern division of Northumberland, Grosve- nor-terrace Heatley Mr. James, Percy-place Hindmarsh Matthew, towncrier, Bondgate- street Hogg Mrs. Isabella, Clive-terraca Holland Francis, agent to the Duke of Northumberland, Abbey Cottage Holmes Joseph, eoachbuilder (Etherington and Holmes) ; ho. Bondgate Without Hopper Mrs. Jane, St. Michael's place Hudspeth Henry, builder, (Armstrong and Hudspeth) ; house, Prudhoe-street Humble Mrs. Isabella, Percy -place Hume Mr. Thomas, Lisbum-street Hunter Miss Ehzabeth, St. Michael's-pl Hutswick John, clerk, Clive-terrace Hutswick Jno, registrar of births & deaths, Clayport-street Hutton Mrs. Elizabeth, Northumberland-st JOHNSON Mrs. Mary, Depot for the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, Bondgate Without Johnson Wilham, secretary to the bank, Bondgate-street KEEN John, clerk, Narrowgate-street Kilgour Robert, agent, Hope-terrace LEAMONT Rev. Henry, Percy-street Little Mr. Ridley, Narrowgate-street Loraine John, draining steward, Bondgate- street MARSHALL Mr. John, Fenkle-street Marshall the Misses P. & H. South-street McCree Ann, lodging-house, St. Michael's- place McDougal George, clerk, Fenkle-street INJcDougal WilHam, clerk, Fenkle-street McLeish Alexander, wood baihff, Park Cottage Middlemas Robert, clerk, Hotspur-place Mofat Mrs. Thomason, ]3ondgate Without Moises Hugh Esq. J. P. Barndale House Muers Matthew, towncrier, Bondgate-st BOKOUGH OF ALNV^^CIv CLASSIFIED DIRECTOBY. 603 NEWTON Eev.C. (Wesleyan) Chapel-lane Nichol John, superintendent of police, and inspector of weights and measures, Cor- rection House Nicholson Mrs. E. Lisbum-street OLIVER Mrs. Geo* Eoxburgh-place PATTEESON Michael, draper (M. Patter- son & Nephew), Bondgate-street Patten John, farm baililf. Park Farm Percy Woodroffe P. clerk, Narrowgate-st Popkiss Mrs. Jane, Market-place Pillens Wm. gardener, Alnwick Castle Gardens Potts Mr. John, Clayport-street Pringle Miss Deboralj, Clive-terrace Priugle the Misses Isabella & JMargeret, Bondgate Without Purvis Henr3% grocer, tallow chandler, &g. (W\ & H. Purvis) ; ho. Bondgate-st Piu-vis William, grocer, tallow chandler, &c. (W. & H. Purvis) ; ho. Market-place EATSEN Ann, house-keeper, Alnwick Castle Eattray Mrs. Mary Ann, Bondgate Without Eeay Geo. A. pianoforte tuner, Percy-st Eichardson John, Esq. Bondgate-street Eiddell Charles, Esq. 1, Behidere-terrace Eidge Eev. Thos. (Methodist) South-st Eobinson Mrs. Margaret, Howick- street SCHOEIELD Albert, marine store dealer, Bondgate Without Selby George, Esq. J.P. Belle Yue Skelly Thomas, brewer, &c. (Skelly and Smith) ; ho. Freelands Smith James Burrell, landscape painter, Bondgate-street Smith Miss Mary, Hope-terrace Spours Mrs. Ann M. Bondgate Without Spours Wm. solicitor (Spours & Carr) ; ho. Charlton Hall Stamp Edward, master mariner, South-st Stamp Edward, Manager District bank, 35, Eenkle-street TAYLOE Hugh, agent, Bondgate-street Teasdale Mrs. Hannah, Percy -place Thew Edward, general merchant (Edward Thew & Son) ; ho. Shotridge Hall ; Jno. Pringle Turnbull, manager Thompson John, spirit merchant (Mark Smith & Co.) ; ho. Fell Cottage Thompson Mrs. Mary, Bondgate Witheut Turnbull Edward, grocer, &c. (Turnbull Brothers) ; ho. Bondgate Turnbull John Pringle, manager (Edward Thew & Son) ; ho Narrowgate Turnbull William, grocer, &c. (Turnbull Brothers) ; ho. Bondgate-street Turner George, parish clerk, Baihffgate WATSON John, land agent and surveyor, Bondgate Without Winscombe Mrs. Eliza Maria, Allison -place Wilkin Henry, P. ironmonger (Wilkin and Dickson) ; ho. Bondgate-street Wilson Miss Dorothy, BaUiffgate YOUNG Andrew, Esq., Hotspur-place CLASSIFICATION OF TEADES, PROFESSIONS, ETC Academies and Schools AlnwickIndusteialSchool, Lisbm-n-st. YN'"m. Dodds, master Borough Schools, Dispen- sary-street, Geo. Meaby, B.A. head master, Wm. Ferguson, second master, Jas. Dodds, third master, Miss F. Meraott, mistress BEiTisHScHooL,Bondgate-st. John Elleathrope, master Burn Wm. Hotspur-i^lace Campbell Mary, Lisburn-st Catholic School, Howick- street, Jas. Cronin, and Eosetta Palmer, teacher Duke ofNorthumeekland's, School, Greenbat, Thos. Collinson, master Duchess of Noethumbee- land's School, Dairy Gardens, Mary Wilson, mistress National School, Potter- gate, Eobt. W. Irving, and Margaret Irving, teachers Trotter George, Hotspur place 604 COQUETBALE WAED EAST DIVISION. Ale and Porter Merchants Athy Henry, Bondgate-street Smiih Mark & Son, Bond- gate-street Auctioneers, &e. Duncan Thos. Fenlile-street Hornsby Thomas, Denwick- lane Cottage Robertson Thomas, Narrow- gate-street Stamp John Ostens, & com- mission agent, Nan-ow- gate-street Bakers and Flour Dealers CaiT Elizabeth, Clayport-st Davison John, Clayport-st Dixon Thos. Bondgate-sti^eet Ferguson Eobt. Bondgate-st Graham Alex. Hotspur-st Herron John, Market-place Mattison John, Clayport-st Howliston Wm. Canongate Milne Wm. Narrowgate-st Eobinson Peter, Clayport-st Shield Eobt. Clayport-street Spittle Henry, Clayport-st Bankers Lambton ^Y. H. & Co. 39, Bondgate - street, Mark Smith, agent Koethu3ibeelandJjDueham District BAXK,36,Fenkle- street, Edward Stamp, manager. Booksellers, Printers, and Stationers Blair Henry H. Bondgate-st Davison, "Wm. Bondgate-st Pike Geo. Market-place Smith Mark, Bondgate-st Boot and Shoemakers Bell John, Paike-street Bell Wm. Clayport-street Bm-n & Son, Clayport-street Ferguson Wm. Gi'eenbat Fendler Jane, Bondgate-st Gibson Thos. Hotspur-street Hall Eobert, Canongate Hetherington Thomas, Clay- port-street Lee John, warehouse, Fen- kle-street Lockey John, IMarket-place ' McWilham James, Market-pl Nesbitt Eichardson, Paike-st Eickaby Thos. Clayport-street j Eogerson Geo. Dispensary-st Patterson Thos. Bondgate-st Pearson Thos. Bondgate-st Staig Abraham, Canongate Story Edward,ctclog, Fenkle- street; ho. iSIarrowgate Shepherd Ealph, Dispen- sary street Turner Geo. & parish clerk. Bailiff gate Wake Geo. Hotspur-street Wallace Geo. Narrowgate-st Brewers Jlarked ^' are also Malsters *Atkiuson Henry, Market-pl j *Black Wm. Howick-street; ho. Market-place Charlton Eobt. Roxburgh-pl *Cockburn George, Angel Brewery, FenMe - street ; ho. Hope -villa *Skelly & Smith, Dispensary street Builders Armstrong and Hudspeth, Percy-place Bell Eleanor, Lisburn-street Modree Wm, Bondgate-st Eichardson John, Bondgate Without Eoss John, Percy-street Butchers Blagburn James, shambles ; ho, Clayport-street Davison Andrew, Clayport- street and shambles Dickman George, shambles and Hotspur-street Dickman John, shambles ; ho. Chapel-lane Fittis Jas. Narrowgate-street Goodfellow Adam, shambles ; ho. Hotspur-place Hudson Geo, Paike-street Hudson Edward, shambles ; ho, Clayport-street Lilburn John, shambles ; ho. Clayport-street Mason John, shambles ; ho. Greenbat Patrick Adam, Narrowgate-st Morrison John, shambles ; ho. Greenbat Smart Jas. Pottergate -place Straughan Eobt. Clayport-st Straughan Eobt. shambles and Greenbat Thew John, shambles ; ho. Lisburn-street Todd John, shambles Cabinet Makers Marked * are Upholsterers Achey Joseph, Paike-street * Bundle Thos. F.Bailitfgate . Gaggin David, Bondgate-st | * EobertsonThomas,Xarrow- gate-street ! * StampJohnOstenSjNarrow- gate-street Thompson Andw. Fenkle-st Turner Thos, Market-place Cheesemongers, and Butter and Bacon Factors Horsley John, 2, Paike-street HorsleyJas. Clayport-street Walby Thos. Market-place Chemists and Bruggists Davison Wm, Bondgate-st Dores James, Bondgate-st Fairbraira Henry, Fenkle-st Hunter Henry, Clayport-st Swan Eobt. & Co. NaiTow- gate-street China, Glass, and Earthen- ware Dealers Amory Wm. Bondgate-street Cairns John, Bondgate-street Dawson John, Market-place Johnson John, Narrowgate-st Morrison Elizabeth, Bond- gate-street Coach and Harness Manu- facturers Etherington and Holmes, Bondgate Without Maule Wm. 2, Howick-street Confectioners Doughty Elizb. Bondgate-st Elliott Mary, NaiTowgate-st Embleton Isab. Paike-street Hanley Ann, Clayport-street Heron John, Market-place Milne Wm. Narrowgate-st Ponder Mary, Bondgate-st BOROUGH OF ALNWICK CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY, 605 Confectioners— Continued. Purvis Elizb. Bondgate-st Shai-p Jane, NaiTOwgate-st Wake Eleanor Fenkle-street Coopers Johnson Elizb. Clayport-st Watson Thomas, Clayport-st Com Merchants Dickson Archibald, and fish curer, Market-place Smith Wm.Bondgate Without Tate William, Lisburn-street Corn Millers Archibald Thomas, Alnwick Steam Mill Thew Edward, Lesbury Mill Curriers and Leather Sellers Bell William, Clayport-street Lockey George, Fenkle-st ; ho. Clayport-street Southren George, Clayport- street; ho. Hotspur-place Thew Joseph, Clayport-st Drapers, Linen and Woollen Allan James and Co., Nar- rowgate-street Allen James & Son, Market- place Bell David Patterson, Clay- port-street Bolton John, Market-place Cattanach and Gibson, Clay- port-street Dodds Mary,Bondgate-street and Paike-street Donkin Jas. & Co., Fenkle-st Hindhaugh Adam, Bondgate- street Landless James, Eenkle-st Patterson M. and Nephew, Bondgate-street Tate George,and silk mercer, Fenkle-street and Paike-st Turner Ellen, Fenkle-street ; ho. Howick-street Farmers Bradley John, and grazier. Paster House Dixon John, Windyedge Donald Geo. Stoney-hills Gair Jane, Hope House Henderson Kobert, Stoney- hills Patterson, Elizabeth, Intake Flour Dealers Archbold Thomas, Market-pl Lough Thomas, Fenkle-st Swanston Eichard, Greenbat Thew Edward & Son, Fenkle- street and Narrowgate-st Gardeners Crozier John, Market-place Dunn Kobert, Narrowgate-st Macfarlane John, Narrow- gate-street ManuTti Francis,Narrowgate- street Newton Mary, Market-place Newton John, Bondgate-st Pillens William, Bondgate Without Stevenson John, Bondgate-st Watson Henry, Market-place Grocers and Tea Dealers Ainsley Lauchlin, Narrow- gate-street Allen William, Bondgate-st Amour Piobert, Bondgate Without Archbold Thomas, Market-pl Bain John, Market-place Buckham John, Market-place Caisley Andrew, Pottergate Davison Ann, Clayport-street Fittes James M. Fenkle-st Hall Ealph, Fenkle-street Heatley James (wholesale), Market-place Hindaugh Adam, Bondgate- street Horsley John, 2, Paike-st Horsley James, Clayport-st Johnson Thomas, Narrow- gate-street Mattison John, Clayport-st Morton Ealph, Bondgate-st Nicholson Eobert, Bondgate- street ; ho. Hotspui'-street Pope Albert, S. Bondgate-st Purvis W. and H. Market- place EiddellJohn, Clayport-street Sanderson Henry, Narrow- gate-street Scott Luke, BaihfFgate Shield Eobert, Clayport-st Thew Edward and Son, Nar- rowgate-street and Fenkle- street TurnbullBrothers,Bondgate- street Walby Thomas, Market-pl Wallace John, Narrowgate-st Grocery and General Dealers Anderson Ann, Clayport-st Ainsley Thos. Canongate Bamber Eobert, Clayport-st Booth Benjamin, Pottergate Boyd Thomas, Clayport-st Bui-nett Hannah, Paike-st Eddington Joseph, Canon- gate Elliott Margaret, Clayport st Ferguson Henry, Clayport-st Fernant Jeremiah, Canongate Forrest Ann, Green Bat Gilhome William, Bondgate Without Gray Eobert, Green Bat Lairmouth Jane, Clayport-st Luke Ann, Pottergate Middlemas Jane, Fenkle-st Nesbitt John, Canongate Percy Margaret, Narrow- gate-street Porter Jane, Clayport-street Potts Eobert and oyster dlr. Paike-street Eiddell James, Bondgate-st Steel Joseph, Narrowgate-st Swanson Wilham, Green Bat Thompson Jas. Clayport-st Young Isabella, Clayport-st Gun Maker Snowdon George, Narrow- gate-street Hairdressers Hay John, NaiTowgate-st Hunter Eobt. and perfumer, Fenkle-street and Narrow- gate-street Marshall Jolin, Paike-street Scott Luke, Bondgate-street Scott Kobei-t, Clayport-stx-eet 606 COQt>ETD.\XE WAED — EAST DIVISION. INNS, HOTELS, AND PUBLIC HOUSES. See also Beerhouses. AncJior, Jolm Hagg, Claj'poi't-street Angel, Elizabeth Archbold, Fenkle-street Bio'd & Bush, Greo. Eogerson, Dispensary-st Black Bull, John Crinkley, Green Bat Black House, Dorothy Staig, Canongate Black Swan, John Hood, Narrowgate-street Brewer^s Arms, Ann Dunn, Clayport-st Castle, John Percy, NaiTowgate- street Cattle Market Tavern, William McEvoy, Bondgate-street Clayport Inn, Jane Spours, Clayport street Cross Keys, Thomas Turner, Market place Crown, John Keams, IMarket-place Croion & Glove, Jas. Marshall, Canongate Fleece, Eohert Hall, Bondgate AYithout Four Horse Shoes, William Trotter, Bond- gate-street George Inn, Wm. Patton, Bondgate street George and Dragon, Ptobert Eennison, Market-place Globe, Mary Tate, Bondgate-street Grey's Inn, Archibald Shield, Clayport-st Half Moon, Eobert Hedley, Fenkle-street John Bull, William Black, Howick-street King's Arms, Elizabeth Graham, Market-pl King's Head, Thomas Archbold, Market- place Masons' Arms, Wm. Laidlaw, Bondgate-st Masons' Arms, Wm. Tenuis, St. Michael's- lane Nag's Head, William Dunn,Tenkle-street Oddfellows' Arms, Eobert Egdell, Narrow- gate-street Pack Horse, John Cockbum, Clayport-street Percy Arms, John Eobson, Clayport-street Pickwick, Eobert Charlton, Eoxburgh-place Plough, Jas. Patterson, Bondgate Without Post Boy, Mark Thompson, Bondgate-st Queen's Head Inn, Henry Atkinson, Market- place Red Lion, Mark Harris, BaiHffgate Robin Hood, Samuel Pringle, Fenkle-street Royal Oak, Thos. Hunter, Alnmouth-road Shakspeare, Thomas Bell, Paike-street Stag, Barbara Buddie, Canongate Star Hotel, George Coxon, Fenkle-street Sun, John Mattison, Hotspur-street Tailors' Arms, John Hall, Clayport-street Tanners' Arms, David Wright, Hotspur-pl Three Tuns, Thos. Snowdon, Clayport-st Turk's Head, Wilham Bell, Bondgate-street White Hart, William Black, Market-place Wliite Sivan Inn, and posting house, Bar- bara Wilson, Bondgate-street William IV, Michael James Wilson, Clay- port-street Beer Houses Durnand Ann, Pottergate-street Watson Thos. Clayport-street Insurance Companies Atlas, Fise axd Life, Thos. Johnson, Narrowgate-st Edinbuegh, Lite, George Selby, Bondgate-street Equity and Law, Life, Jno. Atkinson Wilson, Bond- gate-street Globe, William Carr, junr. Bondgate-street Impeeial, Fiee and Liee, Mark Smith, Bondgate-st Life Association of Scot- land, Henry H. Blair, Bondgate-street London Assueance, James Allen, Narrowgate-street, and Eobert Nicholson, Bondgate-street National Meecantile,Fiee AND Life, Wm. Dickson, ■ - Bailiffgate Newcastle-upon-Tyne, FiEE,Edw. Stamp, Fenkle- street Noeth Beitish, Fere, Thos. Duncan, Fenkle-street Norwich Union, Fiee and Life, John Brown, How- ick-street Phcenix, Fiee, Michael Patterson, Bondgate-st EoYAL Exchange, Fiee and Life, Jno. Bolton, Market- place Scottish Union, Fiee and Life, George 0. Stamp, Narrowgate-street Scottish Equitable, Life, William Forster, Fenkle-st Westeen, Life & Annuity, Eobt. Kilgour, Hopeter. YoEKSHiEE, Fiee and Life, Wm. Burn, Bondgate-st Iron and Brassfounders Archbold Michael J. brass, Clayport-street Bowey Mary, Pottergate-row Iron Merchants Thew Edw. & Son, Fenkle-st j Ironmongers &Hardwaremen Hindmarsh Michael, Fenkle- street Morrison Hannah, Market- place Warhaugh Eobert, Bond^ gate-street Wilkin & Dickman, Bond- gate-street Joiners and Carpenters Barber John, and cartwright, Greenbat; ho. Paike-st BOROUGH OF ALNWICK GLASSIPIED DIRECTOHY, 607 Joiners & C&Vl^BTltQYS—Contind. Caisley Andrew, Pottergate Cockburn Jonatbau, Howick- street Davison Ealph, Greenbat Forstsr Thos. Narrowgate-st Henderson & Son, Howick-st Hunter J. St. Michael's-pl Loiigb William, Percy-street Luke William, Greenbat Modi'el William, Bondgate-st Pringle William, Percy- street Scott Charles, Chapel-lane Short John, Eoxburgh-place Wiley Thomas, Bailiffgate Lemonade Manufacturers Grey Charles, Bondgate-st Swan Piobert, Narrowgate-st Masons Dunn Thos. Grey-place Eddington Peter, Fenkle-st Harris Mark, St. Michael's-pl Skelly John, Pottergate Thompson Thos. PIoAvick-st Wake John, Hotspur- street Welsh George, Lisbum-st Millers Archbold Thomas, Alnwick Steam Mill ; ho. Barndale Cottage Thew Edward, Lesbury Mill, and Mosley-st. Newcastle Milliners and Dressmakers Anderson Elizb. Market-pl Barber Dorothy, Bondgate-st Dixon M. Market-place Johnson Isabella, Bondgate- Without Lang & Fortune, Market-pl Storer J. & A. Bondgate-st Millwrights Mills Isaac, Clayport-street , .Stewart Wm. Fenkle-street Nursery and Seedsmen Marked thus * are Seedsmen only *Crozier John, Bondgate-st Macfarlane John, Narrow- gate-street ♦Stevenson Jno. Bondgate-st *Thew Edward & Son, mer- chants, Fenkle-street Watson Edw. Market-place *Stott John, Ducket's-croft Painters and Glaziers CuthbertsonKobt. Bondgate ^Vithout Mattison John, Hotspur-st Percy John, Narrowgate-st Kennison WilUam, Fenkle-st Eobertson Adam, Narrow- gate-street Shell Wra.Bondgate Without Wright My. Bondgate Without Physicians Hedley Edw. A. Bailiffgate Wilson George, junr. Bond- gate-street Plasterers Dunn John, Greenbat Dunn Thos. Greenbat Pickard George, Grey-place Pickard Thos. Percy-place Strafford Nixon,St.Michaers- place Plumbers and Gasfitters Hindmarsh Jas. Paike-street Tate Geo. W. Narrowgate-st Thompson Andrew, Bond- gate-street Wilkin & Dickman, Bond- gate-street Eope & Twine Manufacturers Archbold Thomas, Market-pl Mathers Edw. Clayport-st Eobinson Eobert, Correction House-yard Smart James, Pottergate-pl Saddle and Harness Makers Forster & Carse, Market-pl Eichardson Wm. Market-pl Snowdon Eobt. Narrowgate ; ho. Bailiffgate Snowdon Thos. Market-pl Skinners Appleby Joseph & Son, Clay- port-street Eennison Ealph, Dispensary- street Slaters Eutherford Eobt. Hotspur-pl Strafford Nixon, Hotspur-pl Thompson Eleanor, Howick- street Smiths Marked thus * are Whitesmiths * Anderson Eobt. Clayport-st * Archbold Michael J. Clay- port-street Brankson Michl. Clayport-st Dodds Eobert, & horseshoer, Clayport-street Caston John,' Market-place Nelson Eichd. A. Pottergate Gallon E. Bondgate-street *Hall John, Market-place ; ho. Clayport-street Plenderson Geo. Howick-st Pringle Samuel, Fenkle-st Turner John, machine and agricultural implement maker, Greenbat *Weddell Thos. Market-pl Solicitors Busby Eobt. and clerk to the Lieutenancy of the County, Clayport-street; ho. North- umberland-street Forster William, & treasurer to the trustees of the Cows - ley Turnpike road, Fenkle- st. ; ho. Belvidere-teiTace Dickson W. & W. Bailiff- gate-street Lambert Anthony,&treasurer of the County Courts, clerk to the tax commissioners for Bambrough, Coquet- dale, and Glendale Wards, and for the assessed taxes of the Bambrough and Coquetdale Wards, Narrowgate-street Eussell James, and clerk to the trustees of the Ale- mouth-road, St. Michael's- j:)lace ; ho. NaiTowgate-st Selby George, Bondgate-st Spours il' Can-, Bondgate-st Wilson John Atkinson, and clerk to the trustees of the Cow, Cowsley, "ard, Brinkburn Low A¥ard, and Brinkburn South Side, whose united area is 3,377 acres. Its population in 1801, was 260 ; in 1811, 209 ; iu 1821, 277; in 1831, 235 ; in 1841, 208 ; and in 1851, 225 souls. The soil in this district is generally fertile, and limestone and coal are found in considerable quantities. Brinkburn has been separated from the parocliial chapelry of Long Framlington, with which it was returned prior to 1841. Brinebuex High Waed township is the property of Major William Hodgson Cadogan, and is situated nine miles north by west of Morpeth. Its rateable value is £968 10s., and it comprises 1,846 acres. The number of inhabi- tants in 1801 was — ; in 1811, 127; in 1821, 194; in 1831, 130; in 1841, 109 ; and in 1851, 111 souls. Halfway between Felton and Pvothbury, on the north bank of the river Coquet, is situated Brinkburn Priory, in a position of considerable beaut3^ The church, which is nearly entire, is built in the form of a Latin Cross, having two chapels on the east side of either transept, and an aisle on the north of the nave only, circular and pointed arches occur in almost equal number throughout. The latter, together with the chapels alluded to, were covered with a stone roof, which in parts is still extant. The body of the edifice appears to have had the high pitched timber roof in com- mon use at the time. The Priory was founded in the reign of Henry I. The style of this very secluded and little known ruin presents several anoma- lies to an architect, in any attempt to fix the date of its erection. Late Nor- man mouldings being mixed with others of apparently an earlier and later date. Of the conventual buildings, nothing now remains but some portions of the walls, which form part of a moderate sized mansion. The crypt is still in existence, and is now used as a cellar. It contains a rudely carved figure which may have been intended to express some fugitive's gratitude for the refuge, only obtainable within a s^nctuar3\ It is probable that the crypt was formerly used as a place of shelter for the cattle, whither they might be driven during the numerous raids which took place in this neighbourhood. The Priory w^as founded by William de Bertram, Baron of Mitford, and CI 2 COQUETDALE WARD — EAST DIVISION. dedicated to S. S. Peter and Paul. It formed a house for Black Canons of the Order of St. Augustme, of whom ten were disposssssed at the Dissolution, when the annual revenues amounted to £68 19s. Id., according to Dugdale ; and to £77 according to Speed. The lid of the stone coffin of William de Hogeston, the last prior, is in good preservation. A few years ago a metal cup was discovered here full of nobles and other' smaller gold coins, of the reigDS of Edward III., and Pdchard II. ; and in 1850, during some draining oj)erations, a large bell, which was unfortunately broken by the workmen in raising it, was found on the south, or opposite side of the river. This, there is no doubt, had been one of the bells of the church, but how it could have travelled to where it was found, on the top of a steep bank, remains a mystery. DrRECTOEY. — Major William Hodgson Cadogan, Brinkburn Priory; C. H. Cadogan, Esq., Brinkburn Priory ; John Carr, gardener ; John Charl- ton, miller, Brinkburn Mill ; John Pviddle, beer retailer ; and the farmers are Andrew Armstrong, Woodhead ; George Blakely, Hope; Charles Lilburu, the Lynn ; James Shanks, New Houses ; and Pialph Shanks, and overseer, Cockshot. Beixkburx Low Waed, an adjoining township to the above, is the pro- perty of Thomas Ptiddle, Esq., of Felton Park, and Robert Delisle, Esq. It contains 367 acres, and its rateable value is £698 8s. Population in 1801, — ; in 1811,44; in 1821, 55; in 1831, 69; in 1841, 57; and in 1851, 54 souls. DiEECTORY. — John Cadwell, farmer ; William Dixon, miller, Weldon Mill ; Thomas Lilburn, farmer, Todstead ; Ealph Marshall, blacksmith ; and Julia Muers, vict., Anglers'' Inn. Bkinkbuen South Side is another township in this chapelry, though locally situated in the western division of Morpeth Ward, nine and a half miles north-west of Morpeth. It comprises an area of 965 acres, and its rateable value is £552. Population in 1801, 60 ; in 1811, 38 ; in 1821, 25'; in 1831, 43 ; in 1841, 55 ; and in 1851, 54 souls. This township contains three farms, the property of Thomas Riddell, Esq., Mrs. Brewis and Sisters, Messrs. Trevelyan and Wickham, and Piobert Delisle, Esq. Chaeity. — Joseph Rilton in 1728, gave £20 to the poor housekeepers of Brinkburn South Side. The interest of this sum, amounting to sixteen shillings per annum, is distributed in accordance with the intentions of the donor. DiEECTORY. — Piobert Leighton, farmer, Thristleyhaugh ; William Stoker, farmer, Briukhaugh ; and Hetherington Thompson, farmer, Westhaugh. FELTON PAPJSH. Felton, a parish, partly in the east division of Coquetdale Ward, and partly in the east division of Morpeth Ward, comprises the tovv^nships of Acton and Old Felton, Bockeufielcl, Elyhaugh, Eshott, Felton, Greens and Glantlees, Swarland, and Thirston East and West with Shothaugh. FELTON PAEISH. 613 It is bomicled by tlie parishes of Warkworth, Hebburn, Long Framlino-- ton, Aln^^-ick, and Sliilbottle, and comprises an area of 12,830 acres. Population in 1801, 1,393 ; 1811, 1,409; in 1821, 1,491 ; in 1831, 1,576; in 1841, 1,585 ; and in 1851, 1,574 souls. The soil of this parish is various, but chiefly incumbent upon strong clay, and is well suited for grain crops. There are some coal seams here, but they are not much worked. Acton and Old Felton form a joint township, extending from one to two miles north by east of Felton village, and comprise 1,244 acres, the property of Robert Delisle, Esq., Robert Adams Esq., and Sir William Davison. The rateable value is £1,570; and the number of inhabitants in 1801, was 113 ; in 1811, 81 ; in 1821, 91; in 1831, 101 ; in 1841, 111; and in 1851, 94 S3uls. Old Felton is said to be the site of a village, which was destroyed by King John, in 1216. Acton Hall, the seat and property of Robert Adams, Esq., is a neat and commodious structure, surrounded by beautiful and pic- turesque scenery. Acton FIouse is the seat of John Hodgson Hinde, Esq. DiRECTOEY. — Robert Adams, Esq., Acton Hall ; John Hodgson Hinde, Esq., Acton House; Robert • Mather (J. Mather and Sons), Acton Cottage; John Darling, steward ; and the farmers are Thomas Beale, Lane End ; John Mather and Sons, Old Felton ; and John Trewick, Low Acton. BocKENFiELD is a township and hamlet in this parish, but locally situated in the eastern division of Morpeth Ward. The township contains 2,324 acres, and its rateable value is £1,800. Population in 1801, 130; in 1811, 113; in 1821, 107; in 1831, 144; in 1841, 127; and in 1851, 116 souls. It is the property of Thomas Riddell, Esq., with the exception of Longdyke Farm, which belongs to the Causey Park Estate. The Hamlet of Bocken- field is situated eight miles north of Morpeth, and six miles from Acklington Railway Station. There must have been a considerable village here at one period, as the vestiges of many houses still remain. The inhabitants are free of toUage at Morpeth market, and the reason given for this exemption is, that the market was first held at Bockenfield, and transferred to Morpeth on that condition. Directory. — The farmers in this township are John Appleby (and miller); Joseph and William Appleby, Helm-on-the-Hill ; Robert Chatter, Burgham ; Samuel Donkin (and auctioneer), Bywell ; Frances Hutchen, Bockenfield House ; John Morrell, Wintrick : and Jane Simpson, High Moor. Elyhaugh township is situated two miles and half west of Felton. Its area is returned with that of Swarland, and its population in 1801, was 34 ; in 1811, 27; in 1821,13; in 1831, 16; in 1841, 27; and in 1851, 15 souls. It is the property of George Tate, Esq., of East House, and is occupied by Mr. Robert Hine, farmer. EsHOTT is a township in this parish, but locally situated in the eastern division of Morpeth Ward, one mile and a half south by east of Felton. It comprises an area of 1,775 acres, and its rateable value is £1,745. In 1801 it contained 120; in 1811, 127; in 1821, 114; in 1831, 132; in 1841, 117; and in 1851, 135 inhabitants. Thomas Brewis, Esq., is the principal landowner. This township contains the hamlets of Eshott Brocks, Eshott 614 COQUETDALE WARD EAST DIYISION. East Houses, Esliott South Houses, and Eshott Hall. Eshott Hall, the seat and property of Thomas Brewis, Esq., is beautifully situated on an eminence, and is in the Grecian st3de, the interior decorations being of tlie most costly description. A little west of the hall is a place called the Castle Field, and to the north another place called the Camp Field, the entrench- ments of which are still yisihle. Here is a colliery, which having been dis- continued for some time, was re-opened last year by Mr. K. Cowen, of Acklington. DiEECTOEY. — Thomas Brewis, Esq., Eshott Hall ; and the farmers are John Brewis, East Farm; John Jewitt; Matthew Keen, Eshott Brocks; John Shotton, Eshott Haugh ; Mrs. Sunamerville, Eshott Park ; and George Thompson, East Houses. Felton is a township and village, giving name to the parish in which it is situated, the property of Thomas Riddell, Esq., and several freeholders. The township comprises an area of 1,528 acres, and its rateable value is £'2,703 12s. 6d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 506 ; in 1811, 514 ; in 182], 554; in 1831, 610; in 1841, 623; and in 1851, 708 souls. The manor of Felton, in ancient times, formed part of- the barony of Mitford, and was held by the Bertram family. It afterwards became the property of the Earls of Pembroke, the Earls of Athol, the Percys, the Scropes, the Lisles, and the Widdringtons, from the latter of whom it passed to the PJddells, the present proprietors. The Village of Felton is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Coquet, ten miles north of Morpeth. The river is here crossed by a good stone bridge of three arches, and the scenery in the neighbourhood is beautiful and romantic. In 1216 the barons of the north performed homage here to Alexander, King of Scotland, which circumstance so irritated King John that he marched an army through Northumberland and burned or destroyed everything around him. Among other places Felton was given to the flames. The Chuech, dedicated to St. Michael, is situated west of the village, on the north side of the Coquet. The parish register commences in 1653. "The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Alnwick, is valued in the Liber Regis at £3 13s 4d ; gross income, £282. The patronage is vested in the Crovvn. Vicar, Ptev. Thomas Ilderton, M.A. Here is a Peeseyteeian Chapel, erected in 1820. Tv^o annua-1 fairs are held here on the first Mondays in May and November, for the sale of sheep, cattle, &c. Felton Paek, the seat and property of Thomas Riddell, Esq., J.P., is a fine commodious mansion, situated on a gentle eminence in a spacious park, surrounded by beautiful and picturesque scenery. There is a Cathohc Church attached to the hall. Rev. Samuel Day, chaplain. Chaeities.- — Robert Haselrig bequeathed £5 yearly to the poor of Felton, half to be given at Christmas and half at Easter; and Thomas Heron, of East Thirston, left the rents of the pews, in the gallery of Felton Church, amounting at the time of the Chanty Commissioners Report to £6 per annum, to the poor of this parish. FELTON DTRECTOFiY. 61, Post Office, Felton, Agnes Hme, 2^ostmistress. Letters arrive here, at 9-80 a.m. and 10-30 p.m., and are desi^atched at 7-30 a.m. and 8-40 p.m. Money orders are also made payable here. An Omnibus leaves Felton for tlie arrival of each train at the Acldington Station. Appleby Wm. vict. and joinev, North Britain Beclcet Mr. John Eeiongh Henry B. chemist and druggist Bowman Fenwick, brewer and malster Bromiield Thomas, miller, Felton Mill Cockbin-n John A. blacksmith and hard- ■\vareman Cockburn Mrs. Jane Cookson John, vict. Red Lion Cowen Thomas, grocer & gunpowder agent Crossley John, gardener Day Eev. Samuel (Catholic), chaplain to Thomas Biddeil, Esq. Dobson Ann, shopkeeper Dobson Piobert, boot and slioem.aker, and constable at lock-up Dobson William, joiner and cartwright Fenwicl^Tbomas John, draper and grocer Fleming Sarah, shopkeeper Fogg George, vict. and veterinary surgeon, Fox and Hounds Gallon Thomas, draper and bookseller Gallon Tvjlliam, joiner and cartwright Gillespie Mrs. Ann Gordon Robert, stonemason Gowens Anthony, boot and shoemaker Grahamsley John, surgeon Hedley Artlrar, M.D. and surgeon Howiiston Robert, millwright Hudson John, gentleman Hudson Tliomas, yeoman Fiderton Rev. Thomas, M.A. vicar, Vicarage Jeffrey Aharon, slater, and secretary to the News Room Jeffrey Thomas, boot and shoemaker Keliy John, shopkeeper and lodging house keeper Leighton Jonathan, vict. Coach and Horses Leighton Robert, game keeper Lambert Robert, butcher and farmer Lee Thomas, boot and shoemaker Lee John, stonemason Lee Joseph, shopkeeper Mack Thomas, saddler Middlem.ass Rachel, tinplate worker Miller Wilson &■ Rochester, tailors, woollen drapers, etc. Miller Mr. James Pitt and Slone, painters, plumbers, and glaziers Riddell Thomas, Esq. Felton Park Rochester James, grocer, &c. Robson John, butcher Scott Edward, blacksmith Scott William, boot and shoemaker Shotton Robert, blacksmith & shopkeeper Stephenson George, butcher Stephenson Robert, gentleman Stephenson Robert, steward Thornton Robert, butcher W^ardle Joseph, shop];eeper and joiner W^atson JameSjVict. and surveyor, T-r-id(?n7J^- to'ii Arms I mi Willis George, L. joiner and Gartvvright Wharrier H. & .J. tailors and drapers, and farmers Wharrier T. T. grocer and builder (J. Wharrier & Sons ) Farmers Davidson John Earsdon George, Felton Moor Heslop John, Felton Fence Rowe Edward Thomas, Esq., Moleshaugh, CArcRiER. — George Mackay, to Newcastle, on Wednesday, and to AJnwick on Saturday Greens and Glantlees form a joint townslnp in this parish four miles nortli-west by north of iE'elton, and comprise an area of 937 acres. The popula- tion in 1801, was 34 ; in 1811, 58; inl821,76; inl831, 56; inl841,79; and in J 851, 51 souls. The rateable value is £500, and Captain Widdring- ton of Newton Hall is the sole lando^vner. Coal and freestone are found here. Directory, John and William Coxon, and William Robinson, farmers. SwARLAND is a towuship and village, the propert}^ of Sir WiUiam Davison, and Joshua Blackburn, Esrj[. The township contains 3,819 acres, audits 616 CO^Qt TiVABD — EAST DIVIBTON. rateable value is £1,029. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, \Yas SO' in 1811, 195; in 1821, 211; in 1831, 210; in 1811, 194; and in 1851, 174 souls. The family of Hesilrigge held this estate from a period antecedent to the conquest, till the 18th century, when it became the property of Richard Grieve, Esq., and subsequently came into the possession of the present proprietors. The Village of Swarland is situated two miles north-west of Felton. Swarland Hall, the residence of Joshua Blackburn, Esq., is a fine edifice seated in a beautiful park. In front of the hall is an elegant obelisk of white freestone, erected to the memory of Ad- miral Lord Nelson, by the late Alexander Davidson, Esq., who lived on terms of intimacy with the gallant admiral. This monument bears the following inscriptions : — On the body of the obelisk — England Expects eveeyMan to DO HIS duty ; on the pedestal — Not to Commemorate the PuBLfc Virtue and Achievements of Nelson, w^hich is the Duty of England, but to the Memory of Private Friendship. This erection is dedicated by Alex- ander Davidson. Blackburn Joshua, Esq., The Hall Crozier John, joiner and woodman Grieves Thomas, blacksmith Johnson Dorothy, shopkeeper Lloyd Joseph, gardener Scott Robert, gamekeeper i'arniers Aynsley Lionel, East House Brown William, Old Hall Coulthard Robert, The Fence Eichardson Thomas, Overgrass Mill Taylor John, The Moor Young John, Overgrass Thirston, East and West, with Shothaugh, form a township the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and Thomas Pdddell, Esq. The area is 1,161 acres, and the rateable value £2,167 12s. Population in 1801, 219; in 1811, 294; in 1821, 325; in 1831, 807; in 1841, 307; and in 1851, 281 souls. West Thirston forms the southern suburb of Felton, but East Thirston is more than half a mile E. S. E. of Felton Bridge, and Shot- haugh is situated one mile and a half west of Felton. Here is a Presbyterian chapel, erected, in 1830, at a cost of £600, of which Alexander Davidson, Esq. gave £40, together with the site. It contains 400 sittings. Felton New School is under the patronage of the Duke of Northumberland and the neighbouring gentlemen. It was erected by subscription in 1830, and will accommodate ]40 pupils. Harrison William, schoolmaster Herron John, miller. East Thirston Hetherington Joseph, East Thirston ^ Hoy Kev. Alexander (Presbyterian) Huntley John, joiner and cartwright Marshall Joseph, blacksmith Smith Thomas, Esq., Thirston Farm Richardson Robert, joiner LONG FRAMLINGTON PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. Long Framlington is a chapelry, township, and village, comprising an area of 4,962 acres, and its rateable value is £2.324. Its population in 1801, Wharrier John, shopkeeper Wilson Joseph, butcher Farnierg Aynsley WilHam, Shothaugh G-ill John, Waterside Gowan Samuel, Waterside Storey William, Thirston Shaw LOXa FRAMLTNGTON PAROCHIAL CHAPELRT. 61' ^Yas471; in 1811, 508; iii 1821, 563; in 1831, 543; in 1811, 549; and in 1851, 549 souls. The manor of Long Framlington, previous to the reign of Henry YIII., was the property of the Eslington family, on the extinction of which, the estate was sold in lots, and is now the property of the Duke of Xorthumberland and a number of freeholders. The land of this chapelry is generally of a good quality. On the north-western extremity is a long narrow tract containing about 1,000 acres of the wildest and most dreary moorland in the county. Here are a number of cairns composed of loose stones, and the road called the Devil's Causeway passes near this place, where there are large heaps of scorioe, probably produced by the Eomans in melting ironstone. Coal, limestone, and freestone, are the principal mineral productions. The Village of Long Framlington is pleasantly situated eleven miles north by west of Morpeth, and has two annual fairs on the second Tuesday in July and on the 25th of October. The Church, or Chapel, is a neat edifice, and was formerly a chapel of ease to the mother-church of Felton. The register commences in 1653. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Alnwick, is joined with the living of Felton. Here is a neat and commodious Presbyterian Chapel erected during the present year, in lieu of the old chapel, which was built in 1739. Hey. John Gillespie, minister. Framlington Parochial School is endowed with the interest of £500, bequeathed by Mrs. Tate, in 1826, for the education of twenty children of poor industrious persons residing in the chapelry. The interest at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report amounted to £12 4s. 9d. per annum. Here is a Mechanics' Institution established in 1848, which possesses a library and newsroom, the former containing about 700 volumes. Hans Murray, schoolmaster, secretary, and librarian. Low Framlington is a hamlet in this, chapelry, one mile south of Long Framlington. Post Office, Feamlington, John Grey, postmaster. Letters arrive here, fL-om Morpeth, at 11-30 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 4-35 p.m. Aynsley Hobert, vIct. Grakd Bay Bleake Thomas, tailor Carse James, blacksmith Davy Ann, vict. QueerCs Head Donaldson Michael, shopkeeper Gibson Alder, vict. Horse and Jockey Gillespie Eev. John (Presbyterian) Gustard Abigail, grocer and baker Hilton James, draper Lambert Joseph and Thomas, joiners and cartwrights McCall Benjamin, shoemaker Moffit Peter, shopkeeper Murray Hans, schoolmaster Riddeli Thomas, tailor Richardson William, shoemaker Eobson James, shoemaker Snowdeu Robert, blacksmith Tarmers Clavern William, Low Framlington Common Thomas, I^mbleton Hall Cook Edward, Low Hall Hall — Long Row Hedley John, Small Dean Howey Wilham, Onstead Lambert Joseph, Hall Hill Rand William, yeoman Thompson John, Low Framlington 2p2 03 8 COQCETDALE WARD — EAST DIVISION. SHTLBOTTLE PARISH, Shilbottle parisli comprises the townships of Gujzauce, Hazon, Xewton- on-the-Moor, Shilbottle, Whittle, und Yroodhouse, aud is bounded on the north by Alnwick, on the south-east bj Wark worth, on the south-west by Felton parish, and on the east by Lesbury. It is about four miles in length by three and a half in breadth, and embraces an area of 7,704 acres. This parish is in a high state of cultiYation, has an excellent coal mine, and an abundance of limestone. The population in 1801, was 1,031; in 1811, 1,104; inlS;21, 1,153; in 1831, 1,195; in 1841, 1,208; and in 1851, 1,298 souls. GuTZANCE, or GuTsox, is a township and yillagc in this parish, the property of the Duke of Northumberland ; Robert Delisle, Esq. the heirs of the late Thomas Fenwick, Esq., and Thomas Tate, Esq. The rateable value is £1,671 10s., and the tithes, which are the property of Thomas Tate, Esq., ai'e valued at £130 per annum. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 172 ; in 181] , 18G ; in 1821, 173 ; in 1831, 197 ; in 1841, 205 : aud in 1851, 213 souls. The Village of Guyzance is situated seven miles south by east of Alnwick, '(liere was formerly a priory here, which was annexed to Alnwick xYbbey, by Eitstace Fitz John. We hnd from Tanner s luonastica that it was endowed with a portion of the tithes, aud two bovates of land, but as to any other portion of its history we possess no records. The remains of the old chapel are still here, with the burying ground, in which the Tate family are still interred. Bank House, the seat of Thomas Tate, Esq., is situated about a mile north of the tillage. BRAiKSKArGH is a hamlet in this township, situated seven and a half miles south by east of x^nwick. Directory. — Thomas Garse, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker;' James McKeiizie, joiner ; Joseph Robinson, schoolmaster ; Henry Throbe, miller, Guyzance Mill; Thomas Throbe, shopkeeper; and the farmers are John Bell, and shopkeeper ; George Bolam, 13rainshaugh ; George Coxon, Bkcklee ; and George Tate, and yeoman. East House. Hazon is a township and hamlet in the above parish, the property of William Lawson, Esq. The area of tlie township is 1,409 acres, and its rate^ible value, with tliat of Hartlaw, is £1,647 23. Population in 1801, 132 ; in 1811,116; in 1821,99; in 1>;31, 92 ; in 1841, 85; and iu 1851, 118 souls. The tithes of Hazon a,nd Hartlaw were commuted in 1839, aggregate amount, £34 Ss., vicarial ; £187 impropriated; and 9s. 6d. due to the parish clerk. This township comprises lorn.- farms and a corn mill. The Hamlet of Hazon is situated on an eminence about six miles south of Alnwick, and two and a half miles west of Vrarkworth Station. The whole township is farmed by John Hogg, Esq., of Hazon House. Directory.— John Hogg, Esq., Hazon House ; and Matthew Dixon, Esq., miller, Hazon Mill. N EWTox-ON-THE-MooR is a towTiship aud village in this parisli, the property of Captain Samuel E. Widdrington, of Xewton Hall; Mr. Strother, Mr. SIIILBOTTLE TAEISH. 619 Dayidson, Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Jamieson. Coal and limestone are abundant here. The township contains 9 1 1 acres, and its rateable value is £1 ,468 9s. 1 1 d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 162; in 1811, 228 ; in 1821, 244 ; in 183], 265 ; in 1841, 290 ; and in 1851, 290 souls. The Village of Newton is pleasantly situated six miles south by vrest of x\lnwick. Here is a Methodist New Connexion Chapel, erected in 1842, upon a site given by Captain Widdrington, There is also a school which is endowed vdth £15 per annum for the education of poor people's children of Nev/ton-on-the-Moor, and the precincts thereof. At present, two children of each poor family in the township are taught reading and writing free, with pay scholars. Newton Hall, the seat of Captain Widdrington is situated in a beautiful lavrn, a little south of the Tillage, and in its neighbourhood there is a very strong Chalybeate Spring. BaiTas Henry, junior, coal agent Carr Margaret, shoplceeper Coson John, farmer, Low Steads Guthrie Elizaheth, slioi^teeper Guthrie James, shoemaker Johnson Francis, v/ine and spirit merchaTit, Low Newton Eutherford Thomas, lime burner Suaith Joanna, vict. Northumljerland Arms Snaith Eobert, blacksmith Strotlior F. T. gentleman Swan William, schoolmaster Thew John, vict. and farmer, Sun Thompson Robert, shoemaker Wallace William, vict. and general smith. Barker's Arms Widdringtoii GaptainEdward, Newton Hall Woodward Thomas, farmer, Newton Villa Yarstou George, tailor Shilbottle is a township and village giving name to the parish in which it is situated. The area of the township is 2,935 acres, and its rateable value is £2,351 8s. The populationin 1801, was 472 ; in 1811, 465 ; in 1821, 548; in 1881, 557 ; in 1841, 549 ; and in 1851, 601 souls. It is the property of the Duke of Northumberland. Here is an excellent colliery, which gives emploj^ment to a considerable number of the inhabitants. The Village of Shilbottle is pleasantly situated in a fine open country, three miles south by east of Alnwick. The Chukch, dedicated to St. James, is a neat edifice, and the parish register commences in 1G90. The living, a discharged vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £4 14s. 8d. gross income, £222. The patronage is vested in the Crown, and the Hev. John B. Roberts, B.A., is vicar. Here is a school which possesses a small annual endowment, Archibald Mitchison, schoolmaster. Charities. — Henry Strother, by his will bearing date 80th November, 1751, bequeathed the interest of,£ 50 for the education of the poor children of this parish. Frances Strother, in 1 765, left £ 100, the interest of which was to be divided, and one moiety was to be devoted to the poor and needy of the parish of Shilbottle, and the other moiety for the provision of a Protestant school- master of the school at Newton-on-the-Moor ; but owing to some mistake, the whole of this bequest, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' Report, was paid to the master of the school in Newton. Frances Strother, by lier will bearing date 4th April, 1770, bequeathed the interest of £100 for the use of the public school of Newton-on-the-Moor. G20 COQUETDALfi WARD— WEST DIVISIOK. Brown James, vict. and joiner, Vercy Arms Corbit Jane, shopkeeper Gray John, shopkeeper Huntley James, shoemaker Kirkup John, shoemaker Mitohison Archibald, schoolmaster and parish clerk Muers Wm. vict. Farriers'' Arms Muers Wm. blacksmith Pender James, shopkeeper Eoberts John B. B.A. vicar, Vicarage Storey John, vict. Board Trueman Mark, shopkeeper Tument William, tailor Wilson William, coal agent Wood James, blacksmith AVragglesworth Joseph, vict. Black Swan Wr aggies worth Eichard, butcher York John, tailor Farmers Heron Wm. Town Foot Farm Gibson Thomas, steward, Colliery House Keen Joseph McDonald William Kobertson Ealph Eobinson John, South Farm Swordy Thomas, South Moor Throbe Thomas, Long Dyke Welsh Georsce Caeeiees to Alnwick. — John Hindmarsh and George Slater, on SaturdajTS Whittle township is the property of Major Clutterbnck, of Warkworth, Its rateable value is £518 19s., and it contains 545 statue acres. Population in 1801, 64; in 1811, 101; in 1821, 64; in 1831, 53; in 1841, 56 ; and in 1851, 40 souls. Tithes commuted in 1839, aggregate amount, £47 2s. Coal and limestone of excellent quality are found here. This township con- tains two farms, called High and Low Whittle. DiRECTOEY. — George Lough, farmer and lime burner, Low Whittle ; and Mr. Ealph Henderson, High Whittle. WooDHOusE township is situated four miles S.S.E. of Alnwick, and corn- prises an area of 572 acres. It contained in 1801, 29 ; in 1811, 8 ; in 1821, 25 ; in 1831, 31 ; in 1841, 23 ; and in 1851, 36 souls. The rateable value is £422 10s., and the Duke of Northumberland is proprietor. Tithes com- muted in 1839 ; aggregate amount, £75 4s. 2d. to the vicar of Shilbottle, and 3s. 3d. to the parish clerk. This township contains one farm, which is worked by William Fenwick, Esq., of South Side ; William Gibson, farm steward. COQUETDALE WARD— WEST DIVISION. ALWINTON PAKISH. Jrsiii 6111 . .ri'fJH^^d Alwinton parish is about fourteen miles in length "b/iiMte''iti.' Brfeacttlf/ and comprises an area of 31,940 acres. It is intersected by the river Coquet, and embraces eleven townships, viz. : — Alwinton, Biddleston, Burrowden, Clennell, Fairhaugh, Farnham, LinbriggSj North Netherton, South Netherton, Peals, and Sharperton. Population in 1801, 738; in 1811, 826; in 1821, 900; in 1831, 822; in 1841, 812; and in 1851, 853 souls. Alwinton is a township and village, giving name to the parish in which it ALWINTON PAEISH. 621 is situated, and the property of Walter Selby, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The township coDtains 1,559 aeres, and -its rateable value is ^729 Is. 8d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 102 ; in 1811, 103 ; ui 1821, 106; in 1831, 85 ; in 1841, 78; and in 1851, 77 souls. The land in this district is principal!}^ devoted to pasturage. The Village of Alwinton is situated near the confluence of the Alwine and Coquet rivers, nine miles west by, north of Rothbury. The Church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a neat structure, consisting of nave, chancel, aisles, and south porch, and was erected on the site of the old church, a little distance east of the village, in 1853. It contahis 300 sittings, most of which are free and unappropriated. Here are the family vaults of the Selbys and Clennejls, and the former family have four mural tablets in the church. The living is a perpetual curacy, united with Holystone, in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Eothbury ; rated in the parliamentary returns at £125 7s., gross income £110. Patron the Bishop of Durham; incumbent, Rev. Aislabie Procter, M.A. The parish register commences in 1719. There was formerly an hospital here, subordinate to the nunnery of Holystone. Alwinton School was founded in conformity with the will of W. Dixon, Esq., who, in 1806, bequeathed £350, the interest of which was to be applied to the education of twelve poor children belonging to, and living in, the parish of Alwinton, and chapelry of Holystone. The income has been since increased by voluntary donations, and twenty-six scholars are now educated gratuitously. There is a market held here on Tuesdays for the sale of butter, eggs, and poultry. Charities. — Thomas Clennel, who died in 1701-2, left to the parish of Alwinton £30, for " the use and relief of the poor," the interest thereof to be distributed yearly on St. Thomas's Day, and Good Friday ; and James Selby, in 1738, left to the poor of this parish, the sum of £20, the interest of which is distributed annually on New Year's Day. Directory. — Thomas Anderson, joiner; John Bolani, grazier (George Bolam and Son) ; Burn and Robinson, victs. and post-house, Bose and Thistle Inn ; Samuel Clark, postman ; Rev. Aislabie Procter, incumbent ; Samuel Scott, farm-steward and shopkeeper ; Mr, Ralph Strong ; Robert Wallness, shopkeeper ; and Jane Whellans, vict., Bed Lion. BiDDLESTON towuship IS situatcd two miles north-east of Alwinton. The areas of Biddleston, Farnham, Peals, Clennell, and Netherton North and South Side, townships are returned together, and make a total area of 17,785 acres. The rateable value of Biddleston is £2,240. It has long been the seat and manor of the ancient and honourable Catholic family of the Selbys. The first of this name obtained a grant of Biddleston, which formerly belonged to the Vissards, from Edward I., in 1272. Walter Selby, Esq., the present representative of this ancient house, filled the oftice of High Sheriff of the county in 1853. Biddleston Hall is a noble mansion, occu- pying the summit of a gentle declivity, behind which a beautiful stream flows, falling in its course over several huge rocks, above which are the hills of Silverton and Harden, from whose lofty summits the sea may be discerned 62-3 COQUETDALE WAED — ^YEST DIVISION. on a clear clar. The south front of the hall also commands some heantiful views of the vale of the Coquet. The Catholic Church attached to the hall, is much admired for the beautiful simplicity of its decorations ; Eev. Thomas Hogpfet, priest. During the last few years many improvements have been effected in this township. DiEECTORY. — Y\"alter Selby, Esq., Biddleston Hall ; Rev. Thomas Hogget, chaplain ; John Dickenson, head gardener, Garden House ; Thomas Howey, land agent ; and Joseph ^Vatson, gamekeeper. The farmers and graziers are John Hall, Biddleston Edge ; William Prmgle, Newton ; Thomas Storey, Ellilaw ; Margaret and Yvilliam Wanless, Biddleston and Snigmoor ; and Charles Young, Puncherton. BuERowDEN, OE BuREADOx towuship, is the property of Messrs. Clennell, Messrs. Thomas and William Forster, Thomas Y-'alby, and Mrs. Dawson, with some small freehold proprietors. It is situated six miles W.N.W. of Rothbury, and its rateable value is £1,359. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 1Q9; in 1811, 138; in 1821, 170; in 1831, 174; in 1841, 165; and in 1851, 150 souls. During the present year ^Yilliam Forster, Esq., has erected a fine mansion here on the south side of a gentle eminence, from which a delightful prospect may be obtained. DiEECTOEY. — Robert Co wens, shopkeeper ; Jane Guthrie, shopkeeper ; George Johnson, joiner; Jacob Paxton, tailor and draper; Andrew Percy, blacksmith ; George Tate, schoolmaster ; and the firrmers and graziers are William Forster, Esq., Burradon ; Robert Nicholson ; Y"ilham Nicholson, Burradon Main ; and Thomas Walby, yeoman. Clennell is a township situated about one mile north of Alwinton, the property of the heirs of the late Anthony ^Yilkinson, Esq., but now iu the hands of trustees. It contains 1,100 acres, and its rateable value is £2'21. The population in 1801, was 18 ; in J 811, 29 ; in 1821, 27 ; in 1831, 15 ; in 1841, 18; and in 1851, 25 souls. Clennell was anciently the seat and manor of the Clennell family, now of Harbottle Castle ; but it passed in marriage with the daughter and heiress of Thomas Clennell, Esq., to the Yvllkinsons. Here is an ancient mansion handsomely situated one mile north of the Coquet, once the residence of the Clennells, but now^ occupied by Mr. Andrew Tait, land steward. FxViEHAUGH is a township containing 596 acres, the property of Messrs. Scott, and the rateable value is £130. The number of inhabitants in 180J,- was 7; in 1811, 9 ; in 1821, 8; in 1831, 4; in 1841, 5 ; and in 1851, 4 souls. It is situated four and a half miles N.N.W. of Alwinton. DiRECTOEY. — Robert Scott, farmer and grazier. Farnham township is situated six miles west of Rothbury,'~and is the pro- perty of Christopher Clennell, Esq. Population in 1801, 34 ; in 1811, 38 ; in 1821, 36 ; 1831, 47 ; in 1841, 40; and in 1851, 39 souls. The rateable value of the township is £710, and the farmers are John Nicholson and John Rennay. LiNBRiGGs is a towmship situated two miles west of Alwinton. It comprises an area of 9,500 acres, and its rateable value is £1,175. The number of AUVIKTON rAHlSIT. G23 inliabitants in 1801, was 54; in 1811, G7 ; in 18:^1, 70; in 1831, 64; in 1841, 6^2 ; and in 1851, 53 souls. The principal landowners are William Duini, Esq., and Ealpli Carr, Esq. Here is a bridge near the junction of the Pddleeburn. The land in this neighbourhood consists, generally, of green hills, and is divided into large stock farms. DiRECTOEY. — Andrew Hail, Lonngesknowes ; George and Thomas Talfer, Blindburu ; and Edward Potts, lilakington, farmers and graziers. Netherton North Side is a township in the above parish, the propert}^ of Walter Selby, Esq., and its rateable value is £668. its population in 1801, was 40 ; in 1811,^63 ; in 1821, 54 ; in 1831, 53 ; in 1841, 54 ; and in 1851, 74 souls. The Village of Netherton is situated on the banks of the Wreighburn, four and a half miles east by north of Alwiiiton. I4ere is a school under the patronage of Miss Selb-y and the Rev. Thomas Hoggett. There is also a post office receiving h»use at Frances Turnbuli's. Directory. — Yfilliam and Thomas Dixon, carriers ; William Middlemass, auctioneer and overseer; Piobert Oliver, farmer and miller; Robert Simmons, carlwriglit and builder ; Thoma.s Simmons, grocer, joiner, and builder ; Andrew Tate, farm steward; and P'rances Turnbull, shopkeeper and post- mistress. Xetherton South Side is an adjoining township to the above, the property of William Lynn Smart, Esq., Miss Fen wick and others. Its rateable value is £733 iOs.", and its population in 1301, was 51 ; in 1811, 57; in 1891, 7J ; in 1831, 62 ; in 1841, 74 ; and in 1851, 83 souls. Directory. — John Best, blacksmith; W^illiam Brown, stonemason; An- drew Carmichael, grazier and farmer; Andrev*- Davidson, farmer and grazier; Joseph Davison, stonemason ; and James Turnbuli, vict. and tailor, PJkbiux Inn. Peals- or Peels tow^nship is situated on the river Coquet, seven and a half miles ^vest by north of Rothbury. It is the property of Peixival Clennell, Esq., and its rateable value is £902. This township is well situated, and the pasturage is excellent. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 38 ; in 1811, 64; in 1821, 76; in 1834, 57; in 1841, 87; and in 1851, 71 souls. Directory. — Matthew Turnbull, blacksmith; Wilham Wardle, game- keeper; and the farmers are Andrew Bell, Park House ; Eleanor Crozier, Well House ; John Crozier, and overseer, Well House ; Walter Ord, Grange ; and Alexander Robertson, Peels. Sharpertom is a township situated three miles south-cast of Alwinton, an comprises 971 acres, the property of Christopher Clennell, Esq., Mr. James Dodds, and the trustees of the Rothbury Grammar School. The rateable value is £842, and its population in 1801, was 99 ; in 1811, 74; in 1821, 107; in 1831, 105; in 1841, 89; and in 1851, 95 souls. Directory. — Miss Jane Dodds ; William Clark, woodman, Sheep Banks ; and the farmers and graziers are James Dodds, yeoman, Town Head ; William Nicholson, Sharperton Edge; John Peary, and overseer; Robert Redhead, and William Sproat, Charity Hall, 624 COQUETDALE WARD— WEST DIVISION. HOLYSTONE PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. Holystone is a parochial cliapeliy bounded on the north and east by Alwinton parish, and on the west and south by Elsdon parish. It comprises the townships of Barrow, Dueshill, Holystone, Harbottle, and Linsheeles, whose united area is 19,900 acres, and the population in 180J, was 391 ; in 1811, 424; in 1821, 468; in 1831, 462; in 1841, 443; and in 1851, 436 souls. Barrow is a small township situated on the south side of the Coquet, near the confluence of the Barrow-burn, three and a half miles W.N.W. of Holy- stone. Its area is returned with Linsheeles ; the number of its inhabi- tants in 1801, was 19; in 1811, 19; in 1821, 17; in 131, 14; in 1841, 22; and in 1851, 17 souls. The rateable value is £160, and the sole pro- prietor is Walter Selby, Esq. Directory. — Thomas Hedley, farmer and miller. Dueshill township is situated one mile south by east of Holystone, and is the property of Walter Selby, Esq., Sir Walter Pviddell, Percival Clenning, Esq., and the trustees of the late Kev. H. Morrow. It contains 2,505 acres: its population in 1801, was 32; in 1811, 25; in 1821, 41; in 1831, 45; in 1841, 36; and in 1851, 28 souls. The rateable value is £452. Harehaugh at the southern extremity of this township, is supposed to occupy the site of a Saxon camp. Directory. — The farmers and graziers are John Bell, Dueshill; Nicholas Lowes, Woodhouse ; and John Weatherson, Harehaugh. Harbottle is a township and village the property of the Duke of North- umberland,Walter Selby, Esq., Percival Clennel, Esq., A. C. Forster, Esq., and many small proprietors. The township contains 412 acres, and its rateable value is £318 17s. The population in 1801, was 128; in 1811, 152: in 1821, 181; in 1831, 165; in 1841, 162; and in 1851, 159 souls. The tithes were commuted in 1839, aggregate amount £9 2s 9d. The manor and castle of Harbottle were given by William the Conqueror, in the tenth year of his reign, to Robert de Umfraville, Lord of Tours and Vian, by a general grant of the lordship, yalley, and forest of Ridds, or Reedsdale, with all the castles, manors, woods, waters, and royal franchises, as they had been previously possessed by Mildred, the son of Akman, to hold by grand sergeantry. It continued in the possession of the Umfraville family for many generations, and we find Gilbert de Umfraville summoned to parliament from 1333 to 1381. He died in the latter year and was succeeded by his brother Thomas, and afterwards by his nephew, who left an infant son Gilbert, during whose minority the Earl of Westmoreland was made governor of Har- bottle Castle. This Gilbert, who is called by some writers Earl of Kyme, being slain in the French wars, his castle and estates passed to his brother, Sir Robert Umfraville, who also djing without issue, the manor became the property of Walter de Tailbois, whose successor Sir William de Tailbois, having suffered attainder after the battle of Hexham, the estates became crown property. They were subsequently granted by Edward IV. to Sir !il HOLYSTOKE PAKOCHIAL CHAPELRY. 625 Kobert Ogle, in consideration of his meritorious services to tliat monarch, who not only raised Sir Robert to the peerage, but made him a grant in special tail of Reedsdale lordship and Harbottle castle. In the reign of Elizabeth, we find this manor again in the possession of the crown. It next became the property of a branch of the Widdrington family, and afterwards passed to the Gascoignes, and Clennells, with the latter of whom it still remains. Percival Clennell, Esq., is the present lord of the manor. The Village of Harbottle is situated on the south side of the river Coquet, two miles north-west of Holystone. There is a market held here on Tuesdays, and a fair for cattle, and linen, woollen, and Scotch cloth is held, on the 19th of September. Here is an English Presbyterian Chapel erected in 1756, but in consequence of its dilapidated state it is purposed by the con- gregation to erect a new chapel, in the Gothic style, as soon as possible. Rev. Samuel Cathcart, minister. A neat school with teacher's residence was erected here in 1834, and was endowed by the late Mr William Dixon, of Newcastle, a native of this place, with £600, the interest of w^hich now amounts to £24 per annum. This sum the teacher receives, on condition of his teaching twelve poor children gratuitously. The school will accommodate ninety pupils. Alexander and Elizabeth Potts, teachers. Harbottle Castle, the seat and property of Percival Clennell, Esq., is beautifully situated at the east end of the village, close upon the margin of the river Coquet. It is a handsome modern-built mansion, surrounded by tastefully ornamented pleasure grounds, and fine plantations. The extensive ruins of the old castle stand near the north side of the village, on a bold commanding eminence over the river Coquet. The walls of the great tower have a most singular appearance, part of them being rent asunder from their foundations and overhanging their base, while other parts have slidden in large masses half-w^ay down the hill, and fixed themselves deeply in the earth. The Widdringtons removed a great portion of this ancient edifice, when they were erecting the present manor house, in the construction of which, a great quantity of the old materials was used. This old castle was a place of great strength in former days, and oftentimes resisted the attacks of the Scots. Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., and Queen Dowager of Scotland, resided here for some time after her marriage with the Earl of Angus. Athy George, joiner and builder Athy JoTm, joiner and builder Blacklock Robt. vict. and joiner, Foresters' Arms Cathcart Eev. Samuel (Presbyterian) Clennell Percival, Esq., Harbottle Castle Common John, cattle dealer Pleck Eobert, draper and grocer Fraser Hector, gardener, Garden House Nesbit Thomas, boot and shoemaker, and freeholder Pitloh Gideon, vict. brewer and freeholder, Star Inn Potts Alexander, schoolmaster Richardson Francis, M.D. and surgeon Ross George, shoemaker Ruff Adam, gamekeeper Thompson Thomas, tailor, shopkeeper and postmaster Turnbull George E. tailor, draper, and shopkeeper Holystone is a township and village giving name to the chapelry in which it is situated. The township contains 2,906 acres, the property of Walter 2 Q 626 COQUETDALE WABB-— WEST DIVIBION. Selby, Esq., Mrs. Davrson, and A. C. Forster, Esq., and its rateable value is £512. Its population in 1801, vras 125 ; in 1811, 136; in 1821, 132; in 1831, 124; m 1841, 125 ; and in 1851, 135 souls. The Village of Holystone is situated six miles west l)y nortli of Kotbburj. The Chuech is a neat edifice dedicated to St. Mary. The lining, a curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Eotlibury, has been united wuth that of Alvdnton, since 1311, when Pope Gregory XL in his letters of annexa- tion, "assigned as a cause for this junction, the fact of the property of this living being very small, and situated in marshy places. Near the church are the remains of an ancient Benedictine priory, which was founded by one of the Umfravilles, of Harbottle. At the period of the Dissolution this priory was possessed of various houses and lands in the village; of farms at Corsen- side, Brigghouses, Woodhouses, and Pdsingham in Eeedesdale ; of lands at Y\''reighill, a house at Alnwick, lands at Wallingtou, Bavington, Nunriding, Thockrmgton, and Rochester, with several houses in Newcastle. It also possessed the livings of i\lwinton, Holj^stone, and Corsenside, yet the yearly revenues were certified not to exceed £15 3 0s. 8d., arccording to Speed. _ Of the monastic buildings few vestiges nov»^ remain. Lady's Well, supposed to have belonged to the priory, is a fine basin of water, the bottom of which is variegated with a mixture of white and green sand. It was formerly enclosed with a hewn freestone wall, part of which is still standing, beautifully shaded with trees and shrubs. There is a school here in connection with the church, Hemy Newton, teacher. Camp Yille, the residence of Augustus C. Forster, Esq., is situated half a mile w^est of Holystone. In its vicinity are the rugged and frowning crags of Harbottle, as also the celebrated " Drake Stone," and an ancient edifice caUed Barrow-peel, with several other remains of antiquity. Charity. — William Potts, in 1724, left thuly shillings yearly, for the edu- cation of the poor children of this township. DiEECTORv. — Augustus C. Foi'stor, Camp Yille ; Margaret Beight, vict. Salmon Inn; Yv^illiam Davison, shopkeeper; Thomas Gray, shopkeeper; Henry Newton, schoolmaster ; Ann Robson, shopkeeper ; Thomas Ruther- ford, boot and shoemaker ; Yalliam Spours, boot and shoemaker ; William Storey, blacksmith ; and the farmers are Robert Caverhill (and overseer), Wooclhall ; James Davison ; and Joseph Oliver (and miller), Priory. LiNSHEELEs is a township in this parish, situated on the south side of the Coquet, at the confluence of the Eedleesburn, one mile and a half west of Alwinton. Its area, inclusive of Barrow township, is 14,077 acres, and its rateable value is £3,147. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 87 ; in 1811, 92; in 1821, 97; in 1831, 114; in 1841, 98; and in 1851, 97 souls. The landowners are Walter Selby, Esq., Ralph Carr, Esq., and William Trotter, Esq. Directory. — The farmers and graziers are John and Andrew Ord, Lin- sheeles ; Thomas Thompson (Michael Thompson and Son), Bygate Hall ; and Thomas TurnbuU, Redlees. Kidland LoRDSHip is an extra parochial libert}^ situated two miles north by west of Alwinton, the property of Sh" Thomas Legard, and comprises an KOTHBDBY PARISH. QIWi area of 11,S'26 acres, of which the rateablevalue isi61>749. Population in 1801, 60; in 1811, 54; in 1821, 62 ; in 1831, 69; in 1841, 63: and in 1851, 61 souls. This is a mountainous district, and the Cheviot breed of sheep are found here in their greatest perfection. The principal mountains in and about this lordship are Cheviot, Cushit, Flint Crag, Hogdon Law, Maiden Cross, Milkhope, Kookland, Shillmoor, &g. The neighbourhood of Kidland Lee, on the west side of the Alwine, is the most fertile part of this district, though the great majority of the hills are covered with rich verdure. Here are the remains of some ancient British entrenchments, and in a romantic glen, near the source of the Alwine, the ruins of Memmerkirk are still visible. Directory.— The farmers and graziers in this lordship are William Oliver, Barrow Burn, and Robert Telfer, Rope. ROTHBURY PARISH. J ;l RoTHBURY parish is bounded on the north by Whittingham, on the west bvElsdon, on the south by Hartburn, Nether-Vv^itton, and Long Horsley, ancl on the east by Edlingham. It is about nine miles in length by the same in breadth, and comprises twenty-eight townships, whose united area is 34,798 acres. The population in 1801, was 2,236; in 1811, 2,428; in 1821, 2,609; in 1831, 2,869; in 1841, 2,555 ; and in 1851, 2,545 souls. Th% soil of this parish exhibits great variety. In some parts ^ve find rich pas- tures and fine corn-fields, in others, sterile hills, naked rocks, and bla6k heatlis. The famous forest of Rothbury has long since disappeared, and mdely scattered farm-houses and cottages occupy its site. The vmole of the parish is well watered by the river Coquet, and several smaller stream'8-. Whinstone, limestone, ironstone, and coal are found here. ■' ? BicKERTON is a township, situated four miles v^est by south of Rothburf, the property of Henry Smails, Esq. It contains 505 acres, and its rateable value is £382. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 31 ; in 1811, 15 ; in 1821, 18 ; in 1831, 26 ; in 1841, 18 ; and in 1851, 20 souls. This town- ship occupies a pleasant plain, having a semicircular ridge of moorland on the south-east, and Coquet-haughs, with other pastures, on the north and west. Directory. — Messrs. George Bolam and Sons, farmers. Caistron is a township and hamlet, the property of Henry Smails, Esq., and the heirs of the late Lieutenant-General Ord. The township comprises an area of 400 acres, and its rateable value is £504. The number of inhabi- tants in 1801, was 53 ; in 1811, 60; in 1821, 43; in 1831, 43 ; in 1841, 54 ; and in 1851, 51 souls. The Hamlet of Caistron is situated four miles west of Rothbury. Here is a school which possesses an endowment of £6 per annum, left, in 1779, by William Hall, for the encouragement of the teacher. Directory. — Robert Milburne, schoolmaster ; George Storey, farmer ; and Joseph Witherson, farm-steward, '- Cartington is a township and hamlet, containing 1,912 acres, the property of Mr Tower, and — Fenwdck, Esq. The rateable value of the township is 6'28 COQUETDALE WARD— WEST DIVISION. £1,014 13s. 4d., and its population in 180], was 96 ; in 1811, 83'; in ifel, 79; in 1831, 93; in 1841, 66; and in 1851, 102 souls. Limestone of excellent quality is found here. This manor was formerly the property of a family that bore the local name, and from whom it passed to the Radcliffes. It was subsequently held by the Widdringtons, and the Talbots, coming ulti- mately into the possession of the present proprietors. The Hamlet of Car- tington is about two and a half miles north-west by north of Rothbury. Here are the ruins of an ancient castle, but when, or by whom it was erected, is alike unknown. Directory. — George Crawford, farmer, Cartington ; George Crawford, farmer, Whittle ; John Robson, stonemason and freeholder ; George Ste- phenson, farmer and overseer, Bank Head; and James Wilson, farmer, Sandj^lands. Debdon is a township one mile and three quarters north of Rothbuiy. It contained in 1801, 16 ; in 1811, 16 ; in 1821, 18 ; in 1831, 14 ; in 1841, 13 ; and in 1851, 16 inhabitants. The rateable value is £75, and the Duke of Northumberland is proprietor. This township includes the northern portion of Rothbury Forest, and contains an excellent chalybeate spring, the waters of which are considered to be very efficacious in scorbutic diseases. Directory. — Matthew Scott, farmer. Fallowlees, a township, the property of Sir Walter Trevelyan, Bart., is situated on the north side of the Roughless-burn, five and a half miles S.S.W. of R^othbury. Its area is 1,547 acres, audits rateable value £260. The popu- lation in 1801, was 13; in 1811, 9; in 1821, 3; in 1831, 8; in 1841, 7; and in 1851, 4 souls. Flotterton, a township situated five and a half miles west by north of Rothbury, is the property of Mrs. Weallens and Lord Ravensworth. Its population in 1801, was 75 ; in 1811, 115 ; in 1821, 92 ; in 1831, 95 ; in 1841, 64; and in 1851, 77 souls. It contains 768 acres, and its rateable value is £753. This township was formerly the property of the celebrated family of Umfraville, and the soil is a good strong loam. Flotterton House, the seat and property of Mrs. Weallens, is situated on the northern bank of the Coquet. Directory. — WilHam Armston, gardener ; Thomas Pallister, farmer, Plainfield ; John Scott, steward ; and Mrs. Wealleans, land proprietor, Flot- terton House. Hepple is a township and hamlet in Rothbury parish, the property of Sir Walter B. Riddell, Esq. The township contains 3,874 acres, and its rateable value is £718. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 58; in 1811, 102; in 1821, 111; in 1831, 101; in 1841, 61; and in 1851, 28 souls. The West Farm House is delightfully situated on an eminence north of the river Coquet, overlooking a handsome valley. The Hamlet of Hepple is four and a half miles west of Rothbury. Directory. — John Gray, farmer. Middle Hepple ; James Harvey, farmer and overseer, West Hepple ; John Spour, woodman ; and John Wilson, lime merchant. ROTHBURT PARISH. 629 Hepple Deiviesne, a townsliip in this parish, is situated five miles west of Rothbuiy. Its area is 1,534 acres, and its rateable value £410. Popula- tion in 1801, 22; in 1811, 52 ; in 1821, 45 ; in 1831, 59 ; in 1841, 23 ; and in 1851, 26 souls. From many concurring circumstances in history, there is reason to infer that the village of Hepple was part of the demesnes of Ceol- wolf, the last Earl of Northumberland, under William the Norman. William, on his return from Scotland, deprived Cospatric of the earldom, and bestowed it on Waltheof, who was now become a great favourite, and to whom, he gave his neice Judith in marriage, anno 1073. In the following year a conspiracy was formed by many of the principal Normans, who prevailed on Waltheof to take part in it at a feast, when they all became intoxicated. When rest had dispelled the fumes of liquor, it was seen in a very different light by the unhappy Waltheof, who became restless and pensive. At length, to. relieve his loaded heart, he communicated the affair to his wife, of whose fidelity he had no doubt; but the faithless Judith, whose affections were fixed on Ivo Tailbois, Baron of Kendal, glad of an opportunity of ruining her husband, sent a trusty messenger into Normandy to reveal the plot to her uncle, and aggravated the gnilt of her husband, who was afterwards con- demned and executed. She then became the wife of Ivo Tailbois.* In the reign of Henry I, the Tailbois family were seised of the barony of Hepple, cum membris suis, but subsequently, it would appear, the name of * Ivo Tailbois was brother of the Earl of Anjou. The following is his descent from Charlemagne. — 800. Pepin, King of Italy. Bernard.— 818. Pepin, Lord of Perone and St. Quentin. Herbert L— 902. Herbert II. Count de Vermandois. — 943. Robert, Count de Troyes. t ' Adelais . . . . = Geoffrey, Earl of Anjou. — 987. I- Fulco II. the Blaisk Earl of Anjou. r ' Ermangardi . . . . = Geoffrey, Count de Gastinois. Fulco IV. Earl of Anjou.— HOG. Ivo Tailbois.— 1114. Geofirey Piantagenet. , William Tailbois de Heppale. Henry II. King of England.— 1189. Sir Robert de Heppale, Knight. This old Baron is the proUfic root of a numei-ons posterity, his descendants amounting to several thousands, including some hundreds of the most ancient and noble famihes, having been ti'aced out and found seated in every part of the United Kingdom. C^Ofi COQUETDALE WAED WEST DIVISION. T^ilbojs w^ dropped, and that of De Heppale assumed — a custom then common on the acquisition by a cadet of territorial property, sufficient to become the foundation of an independent family. Connected with the Tailbois family by matrimonial ties, were the Kurtenays and the De Battermunds, or De Bande- ments (in modern orthography, Courfcenay and Bateman), who for some time held lands here. The barony was of great extent, comprising at the same time Great Tossou, Little Tosson, Bickerton, Warton, Flotterton, Newton, Fallowlees, Nether Trewitt, and Over Trewitt. ,The Hepples were seised of the barony till, by the marriage, in 1331, of Sir Bpbert Ogle with Annabella, daughter and heiress of Sir Robert de Heppale, knight, it came into the possession of the Ogles, in whose family it continued till the reign of Charles I, when it passed with Catherine, Baroness Ogle, to Sir- Charles Cavendish, of Welbeck, father of the first Duke of Newcastle, celebrated in the civil wars as " the soul of the royal cause in the north." He contributed 10,000 men and a troop of horse to the king's expedition against the Scots, and according to a calculation of the Duchess, was plundered and injured to the extent of £733,579. The grand-daughter of the Duke, the Lady Margaret Cavendish, marrying John Holies, Earl of Clare, carried the barony of Hepple into that family. The Earl leaving only an heiress, the Lady Henrietta, it passed ^vith her to Edward Harley, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, and founder of the Harleian Library. It then came into the hands of the Bentinck family, by the marriage, in 1734, of the second Duke of Port- "i-and. with the Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, only daughter and heiress of the Earl of O.xford. It is nov»^ the property of Sir Walter Buchanan Eiddell, Bart., into whose family it came in 1803, by purchase from the late Duke of Portland. Hepple Castle is built on the north side of the river Coquet, about four miles west from Rothbary, and near the boundary of the parish. It stands in a secluded but picturesque situation, overlooked by a broken ascent of bold, romantic, heather-clad hills, rising one above another. At present it is in the last stage of dilapidation. x\bout half a century ago, the exterior w^alls of a strong and stately tower were still standing, tolerably entire, and which had probably been the manor-house of the proprietors of Hepple, as it is said the court-leet of Hepple lordship was held here in former times, until the castle, being ruined by the Scots, was totalhr abandoned by the lord, who removed his court to G-reat Tosson, where the tenants of Hepple and the demesne annually convene to this day. In erecting a few farmsteads, an effort was made to demolish the remaining fragments of this strong tower ; but the attempt, after repeated trials, was relinquished by the workmen, who found it easier to cut stones from the hardest" quarrj'- than to separate these from the cement. This castle vras probably the firs u of the chain of forts which extended from thence to Warkworth, and which was intended to form a barrier against the incessant and destructive incursions of the warhke borderers. Upon a fine summit called the Kirk Hill, about half a mile west of Hepple, stood a chapel, the remains of which were removed about the year 1760. In the chancel the fragment of a tomb-stone, with its supporters, was discovered, and what is nOTHBURY PARISH. G31 cmious, was standing in a north and south direction. This monument was much defaced, and it was with extreme difficuUj that the foUowing parts of the inscription were deciphered : — Here lies ...... Countess of . . . who ciied her a.^e I lov'cl my lord, obey'd my king, And kept ray conscience clear, Which Death disarmeth of liis sting, And Christians rdl endear. My puissant posterity Still the forlorn'd befriend; Peace, pleasure, and prosperity My tenantry attend. Farewell survivors in the gross ! Yfhen you behold my bust, Lament your late liege lady's loss, Then blending with the dust. An old dirge states her to have been the very mirror of meekness, affable to every one, and consequently idolised by all. She is also represented as having been a heroine on horseback, unrivalled in the chase, and warmly devoted to athletic exercises ; but, above all, she is praised for relieving the oppressed. Previous to her death, she composed her own epitaph, but the words of this doleful ditty, vdiich consisted of seven stanzas, are, it is to be feared, for ever lost. About a hundred paces west of the site of this chapel, are the traces of several buildings, where Old Hepple formerly stood. It is said to have been destroyed by the border wars. At a short distance to the north-west of Hepple is a British entrenched stronghold called Hetchester. The interior length of the entrenchment is 140 yards, and the breadth 90 yards ; the breadth of the inner ditch is 18 feet, and of the exterior ditch 15 feet ; each of the ram piers is 15 feet in height and 6 feet in breadth. The hill being very steep and difficult of access on the north-west side, the fort has had but two ditches in that part. Most of the intrenchments have been levelled, and it is only on the north-west side that they remain in any degree of good preservation. The foundations of the ancient buildings are very perceptible within the entrencli- rnent ; but all traces of this remarkable castramentation will soon be obliterated, as excavations for lime are proceeding in the heart of the works. On the opposite side of the Coquet is the military station called Harchaugh. West of Hepple, and near the site of the old chapel, a number of urns have been found. Hetchester, as its name imports, was, in subsequent times, occupied by the Romans. The barony of Hepple forms part of a grazing district, abounding with beautiful sheepwalks, which were formerly the scene of constant theft and 633 COQUETDALE WARD — WEST DIVISION. spuilzie, and were occupied with, little profit. This state of " rief and felonie" is well described in a border ballad : — BooMiope stands in a pleasant place, If the false thieves wad let it be ; But away they steal our goods apace, And ever an ill death may they dee. Ah me ! is not this a pitiful case. That men dare not drive their goods to the fell, But limmer thieves drive them away. That fear neither heaven nor hell ? Then in at Ilookhope Head they come, They run the forest hut a mile ; They gather'd together in four hours, Six hundred sheep within a while. But such is the altered state of things in consequence of the security now afforded by law and order, that a tract of land in the same district (Kidland Lordship, the property of Sir Thomas Legard, Bart.) which, in 1631, was let for only £5 a year, was, in 1731, let for £400, and since the commence- ment of the present century, for £3,000 per annum. In this locality the Cheviot breed of sheep are found in their full perfection ; the sweet green herbage on which they pasture seems to be peculiarly favourable for breeding this useful and beautiful race of animals. Hepple was the native place of the renowned Robert Snowdon, who, in the sixteenth year of his age, fought and slew John Grieves, a celebrated Scotch champion, in a pitched battle with small swords, at Gamblepath, on the borders. This occurred some time before the Union. Snowdon had a black horse which he valued greatly. It was stolen one night, when he, accom- panied by two friends, pursued the thief to the Scottish border, where, from a wretched hovel, his voice was answered by the neighing of his favourite, on which the unsuspecting Snowdon dismounted and rushed into the house ; but while in the act of unloosing his horse, he was run through the body by a concealed assassin. Hepple was also the birth-place of Mable Snowdon, who belonged to the same family as the above renowned swordsman. She was the wife of John Cough- ron (Scotice Cochran), and mother of the admirable George Coughron, who was born at the adjoining village of Wreighill, on the 24th August, 175Q. This prodigy of genius, had he lived, would have been a star of the first magnitude. He excelled all his competitors in the mathematical sciences, and soared above the reach of the hoary headed philosopher. As a poet also he bid fair to have attained pre-eminence. The attachment of this wonder- ful youth to books appeared at a very early age. At night his lamp frequently burned out when conversing with the immortal Euclid, Newton, Simpson, Emerson, Maclaurin, and others, with whose grand principles he became intimately acquainted. His perseverance was perhaps unequalled, but his progress supported his spirits, and he always returned to the spade or the plough with the greatest cheerfulness. During his brief career he had ob- ROTHBUEY PAEISH.^ 633 tained no fewer than ten prizes for answering questions in fluxions alone. He challenged all the mathematicians of his time to answer the prize question in the Gentleman's Diary for 177*2, which was not accepted, and the solution was given by himself. This fact alone established his superiority in the mathematical sciences. Previous to his death, occasioned by the small pox, whichhappened at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the 10th Jan., 1774, he wasengagedon very liberal terms, by Dr. Maskelyne, astronomer royal, to be his calculator. A bright path to the temple of fame was opened to him, and the muses had woven for him a wreath of immortality; but his mighty soul, too great for this world, burst its clay prison, and soared aloft to brighter scenes and nobler pursuits. DiEECTOEY. — Peter Carr & Sons, blacksmiths and agricultural implement makers ; John Clark, joiner and cartwright ; Mary Elliott, farmer, Old Tower; and George Grey, farmer. White Field. :- HesleyHuest township is situated three and a half miles S. S. E. of Roth- bury. It contains 659 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, audits rateable value is £309. Population in 1801, 57 ; in 1811, 41 ; in 1821, 46; in 1831, 40; in 1841, 36; and in 1851, 47 souls. This township abounds in coal and hme stone, and is grazed by Mr. Liddell of the Lee. HoLLiNGHiLL towuship is the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and is situated four miles south by west of Rothbury. It contains 5,264 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 127; in 1811, 124; in 1821, 130; in 1831, 109; in 1841, 114; and in 1851, 111 souls. Hudson Thos. schoolmaster and overseer Pyle Grace, vict. Crown and Thistle Pyle Thomas, blacksmith Farmers Craigald Thomas, The Hut Nichol Greorge, Blagdon Burn Shillinglow Edward, Cold Side Spearman Gideon and Eobert (and yeo- men), Newbiggin CaiT Eobertj Moral Hurst [ Young John and Kobert, Holhnghill Lee Ward, a township containing 1 ,793 acres, is situated three miles S. S. E. of Rothbury, and its rateable value is £575. The population in 1801, was 92; in 1811, 111; in 1821,93; in 1831, 103; in 1841,91; and in 1851, 92 souls. Principal proprietor the Duke of Northumberland. The soil is principally light, and there is a large quantity of moorland on the north side. Here is a school in connection with the Rothbury Grammar School, and receives £5 per annum from the same endowment. The school and a cottage for the master, together with about fourteen acres of land, are given by the Duke of Northumberland, for which some of the poor children are taught free. DiEECTOEY. — Anthony Hutchinson, schoolmaster ; Joseph Nicholson, joiner ; and the farmers are John Liddell, (and overseer), The Lee ; Edward Potts, Crook ; and John Redhead, Brockley Hall. Mount Healy is a township two and a half miles S. S. E. of Rothbury. It comprises an area of 442 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumber- land, and its rateable value is £270 19s. Od. It contained in 1801, 24; in » Q 2 634 COQUETDALE WAEP— WEST DIVISION. 1811, 50; in 1821, 88; iu 1831, 47; in 1841, 36; and in 1851, 50 in- habitants. There are two corn mills in this township. Directory. — James Richardson, miller and farmer. Little Mill ; Joshua Tenant, miller, Thrum Mill. Newtqn township, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, is situated one mile W. S. W. of Rothburj. Its area comprises 951 acres, and its rateable value is £595. Population in 1801, 28 ;' in 1811, 42 ; in 1821, 56; in 1831, 55; in 1841, 57; and in 1851,51 souls. This township occupies the northern declivity of a ridge of rocks, where the streams of Cowett Weils unite, and after dashing down the rocky steep, and passing Tosson Mill, are lost in the Coquet. The Carterside estate is situated on the east side of tbis township. Directory. — The farmers are James Howey, Carterside ; Robert Nevins ; and William Thompson, West Newton. Paperhaugh is a township and hamlet, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. The tovy-nsbip contains 986 acres, and its rateable value is ^560. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was -76 ; in 1811, 58; in 1821, 80; in 183 J, 79; in 1841, 52; and in 1851, 70 souls. A few years ago while making some excavations on a farm in this township, several ancient graves were discovered. Directory. — James Armstrong, farmer ; Joseph Armstroug, blacksmith ; William Murray, road surveyor ; Walliam Potts, farmer, Thorneyhaugh ; and Robert Storer, farmer, High Healey. PvAW township, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, is situated three miles south-east of Rothbury. It comprises an area of 690 acres, and its rateable value is £481 5s. Od. The population in 1801, vv-as 54 ; in 1811, 58 ; in 182J, 51; in 1831, 49; in 1841, 38; and in 1851, 38 souls. Here is a coal mine vvorked by Messrs. George and Henry Bonner. Directory - — Jj^hn Aynslej,.. farmer, Butter Kuowes ; George and Henry Bonner, farmers, colliery^owners, and lime burners ; George Baston, wood- man ; — Carmichael, farmer, West Raw; and John Jackson, shopkeeper. THE TOWN OF ROTHBURY. Rothbury is a township and market town in the parish of the sa,me name, comprising an area of 4,923 acres, of which the rateable value is £2,410 7s. 6d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 668; in 1811, 768; in 1821, 891; in 1831; 1,014 ; in 1841, 881; and 1851, 895 souls. Lord of the manor, the Duke of Northumberland. Subsequent to the Conquest, Roth- bury was a large manor, and though it had the the manors of Thropton and Siucher annexed, yet, of itself, it formed a member of the barony of Wark- worth. Robert Fitz Roger was infeoffed by King John, of the manor of Rothbury, which at that period was the property of Robert de Cramaville. The same monarch also granted a charter by which liberty was given to hold a market here every Tuesday, and also an annual fair, commencing on the feast of St. jMatthew, and to contine for three days, with all the rights, duties, THE TOWN OP ROTHBUEY. 6B5 customs, tolls, &c. belonging to a fair, and also a free forest, with all liberties, franchises and privileges. In consequence of the failure of heirs male, this manor reverted to the crown, and in the reign of Edward III., it was granted by that monarch to Henry Percy and his heirs, with whom it continued till the attainder of Henry, Earl of Northumberland, in the reign of Edward IV., when it was given to Sir Robert, afterwards Lord Ogle, to hold for his life, after which it again became the property of the Percies ; but, though the Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor, he possesses very little property in the town, and claims only one-sixteenth part of the common. There are many small enclosures of fine productive land, which once belonged to the common, on the east side of tlie town. The right of these was resigned by the lord of the manor, in lieu of a right of pasture in Rothbury Forest, held by common. The Town of Rothbury is delightfully situated in a sequestered and romantic glen, sheltered by a lofty ridge of rocks, on the north side of the river Coquet, which is here crossed by an excellent stone bridge of four arches. It is distant twelve miles south-west from Alnwick, and fifteen miles north-west from Morpeth. A small market is held here on Fridays, and fairs for horned cattle, linen and wollen cloth, on the Friday in Easter- week, Whit-Monday, October 2nd, and All-Saints' Day. The Chuech, dedicated to All-Saints, is a handsome edifice, in the early English style of architecture, erected, upon the site of the ancient church, in the year 1850, at a cost of £3,000, and consists of a nave, ch?mcel, aisles, and a square embattled tower. The nave is spacious and lofty, and is furnished Vvith low open seats or benches, containing 700 free sittings. The font is a handsome stone structure bearing the date 1664, but the pedestal, which is ornamented with carved niches, and figures, appears to be mAich older. The living, a rectory in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Rothbury, is valued in the Liber P.egis at £58 6s. 8d. ; gross income, £1,133. Patron, the Bishop of Carlisle ; rector, Rev. C. G. Harcourt ; curate, Rev. Thomas B. Simpson. The Independents have a commodious chapel here in connexion with the Durham and Northumberland Association of Congregational Churches and Ministers. It was erected in 18-43, and will accommodate about 300 persons. There is a school attached to this chapel. Rothbury Geammae School, situated near the church, was founded in accordance with the will of the Rev. J. Tomliuson, in 1719, and further endowed by the will of George Fletcher, in 1710. The Archdeacon of Northumberland, and the Rectors of Rothbury and Elsdon are the patrons, and have the right of appointing the master, who is bound to instruct all the boys of the parish, who apply, in rea,ding, writing, and accounts, and the rudiments of Latin and Greek, when required. — Rev. F. Bainbridge, head master. RoTHBUEY GiELs' ScHooL is Supported from the charities of Tomliuson and others, and the mistress is bound to teach as many girls of the parish as appljr, reading, writing, and accounts, free, but they pay for instruction in needlework. 636 COQDETDALE WARD — WEST DIVISION. The Mechanics' Institution was established in 1850, and its library now contains about 400 volumes, on general histoiy, science, &c. The Rector of Eothbury is president of this institution ; the Rev. F. Bainbridge, treasurer ; and Mr. Robert Graham, secretary and librarian. The Rothbury Poor Law Union comprises 71 parishes and townships, embracing an area of 159,168 acres, and its population, in 1851, was 7,431 souls. The parishes, or townships, are Alnham, Al win ton, Barrow, Bickerton, Biddleston, Brinkburn (High), Brinkburn (Low), Brinkburn (South), Burrowden, Caistron, Callaley and Yetlington, Gartington, Clennell, Coatyards, Debdon, Dueshill, Elsdon, Ewesley, Fallowlees, Fairhaugh, Fairnley, Farn- ham, Flotterton, G-reen Leighton, Harbottle, Hartington, Hartington Hall, Harwood, Healey and Combhill, Hepple, Hepple Demesne, Hesley Hurst, Hollinghill, Holystone, Kidlaud, Lee Ward, Linbridge, Linsheeles, Long Framlington, Lorbottle, Monkridge, Mount Healey, Netherton (North), Netherton (South), Newton, Nunnykirk, Paperhaugh, Peels, Prendwick, Raw, Ritton Colt Park, Ritton White House, Rothbury, Rothley, Ryle (Great), Ryle (Little), Screnwood, Sharperton, Snitter, Thropton, Todburn, Tosson (Great), Tosson (Little), Trewhitt, Unthank, Warton, Whittingham, Whitton, Wingates, Woodside, and Wreighill. The Union Workhouse is situated here. Robert Graham, governor of the workhouse and parish clerk. Old Rothbury occupies the summit of a lofty hill, north-west of the present town, and seems to have been, at one time, strongly entrenched. Charities. — The Rev. John Tomlinson, rector of Rothbury, by his will, bearing date 1 2th February, 1719-20, gave to the rector and churchwardens of Rothbury and their successors, the lease lately purchased by him of John Fergy, of Todhills, and the estate which he had lately purchased of William Potts, in Harbottle, in the parish of Alwinton, and also the estate which he had lately purchased of George Burn, in Sharperton ; and he directed that the yearly rents and profits of the said estates should be laid out in binding to trades and sending to the University such of the poor boys as they and the four and twenty should think deserving, and also in relie^dng poor housekeepers ; he also gave to the churchwardens and four and twenty, and their successors, a rent charge of £20 per annum, issuing out of lands lying at Bickerton, lately bought by him of John Snow'don ; and also the lease of a housestead which he held at Rothbury, of the Duke and Duchess of Somerset, with the house he had erected thereon, for a schoolmaster, and a school to teach the children in, and also £20 to finish the said schoolhouse, and he directed that £14 per annum and the house to live in, should go to the head master, and £6 per annum to the under master ; that the head master should be appointed after the decease of his executors, by the Archdeacon of Northumberland, the Rector of Rothbury, and the Rector of Elsdon, for the time being, respectively ; and that such schoolmaster and under master should, in consideration of the salaries and other conveniences before-mentioned, teach gratis all such children within the said parish as should be sent to THE TOWN OF EOTHBURY. 637 scliool for that purpose, to read and to understand the English, Latin, and Greek tongues, and to write, cast accounts, and the church catechism. He also gave to his executors thereafter mentioned, and their heirs, for ever, all his houses and lands in Alnwick, and all the estates lately purchased by him of the said William Potts, in Sharperton, with full power to sell and dispose of the same, and apply the money to charitable uses, according to their discretion. George Fletcher, who died in 1710, left a rent charge of £6 to the Grammar School of Kothbury, and William Hall, in 1779, gave to the ministers and churchwardens of Rothbury £120 on trust, to pay the same to the master of Caistren School, for teaching the poor children of the several townships or villages of Caistron, Wreighill, Hepple, Flotterton, Warton, and Bickerton, to read Enghsh. Henderson Ellen, milliner Hopper John, relieving officer and registrar of births, marriages, and deaths, for the Eothbury Union Hudson Joseph, blacksmith Humble George, boot and shoemaker Humble Mary, shopkeeper Hunter George, saddler and harness maker Hunter William, shoemaker Lawson William, vict, Three Half Moons Mackey James, tailor Mavin Robert, hairdresser Mitchison Hannah, vict. Turk^s Head Moir Rev. David, (Independent) Murray — , draper and grocer Murray William, watch and clockmaker Nichol Mary, milliner Potts David, baker and flour dealer Potts William Henry, surgeon Robinson Elizabeth, shopkeeper Ronaldson James T. agent, Rothbury Brewery Scott Matthew, vict. and farmer, Black Bull Selby George, boot and shoemaker Selby Mary, bonnet maker Simpson Rev. Thomas Burne, M.A. curate Shotton William, farmer Shotton Thomas and John, saddlers Shotton Isabella, vict. Blue Bell Smith James, vict. and weavei', Rifleman Snowden John, shopkeeper Storey Edward, freeholder, Knoglow Storey George & Co. brewers, malsters, and spirit merchants, Rothbury Brewery Storey James, draper and grocer Storey John, blacksmith and horse-shoer Storey John, freeholder, Blue Knox Summers Eustace C. surgeon Thompson Robert, chemist and druggist Temple Ephraim, clerk Todd Mary, day scliool Anderson Alexander Bainbridge Eev.T.head-master, Grmr-Schl Bolam Eleanor, board and lodgings, Pros- pect-place Bonner George, farmer and coalowner, Path Head Brown Gilbert, saddler and harness maker Burn John, boot and shoemaker Carmicbael Wm. farmer. Crag End Cocks Robt. superintendent constable for the west division of Coquetdale Ward Common IMiss Rachel Crawford M. John Curamings John, butcher Cummings Thomas, butcher and vict. Star Inn Davy William, draper and grocer Davy Willi am, joiner and cartwright Davy William, cooper Davison James, shopkeeper Davison John, draper and grocer Dickson Archibald, cooper Dickson Elizabeth, shopkeeper Dixon Mrs. Jane Dixon Henry, black and whitesmith Dores Thomas, vict. and slater, (Queen's Head Inn Dores Mr. Robert Douglas Catherine, shopkeeper Elsdon Henry, joiner and builder Elsdon Thos. joiner and cartwright Farrage Robert, chemist and druggist, and postmaster Farrage John, boot and shoemaker Fife WilHam, Esq. t-^rater David, joiner and cartwright Hay Robert, baker and flour dealer Graham Robert, governor of the workhouse, and parish clerk Hall William, joiner Hedley W^m. tin-plate worker Henderson William, stonemason & builder 638 COQUETDALE TrAKD Vv'EST DIVISION . Todd Jolan, surgeon and medical attendant for the workhonse Turner William, vie t. and joiner, Sun Watson John, sexton Watson Thomas, boot and shoemaker Watson William, plumber and glazier White and Hall, ^voollen manufacturers, Debdon Fulling Zulill Young Alexander Caeriee to Newcastle. — Walter Samsay, on Wednesday Snitter is a to^ynship and viJlage the property of the Duke of Xorthum- beiiand, Andrew Gillon, Esq., Matthew Bell, Esq., Mr. Thomas Ord, and several freeholders. There are many townships which still pay a quit rent to this, viz :— Little Tosson six shilhngs, Warton thirteen shilliugs and four- pence. Plane Field Farm, six shillings and eightpence. Camp Ville, in Holy- stone, twenty shillings, with other places. The Duke of Xorthumberland is lord of the manor. The area of the to^vnship is 1,083 acres, and its rateable value £1,325 10s. Population in 1801, 173, in 1811, 158; in 1821, 160; in 1831, 165; in 1841, 163; and in 1851, 173 souls. The Village of Snitter is situated three miles north-west by west of Piothbury. Here is a school in' connexion with the Rothbury Grammar School, and receives £5 per annum from the same charities. Armstrong Andrew, shopkeeper Amery Ann, shopkeeper Brown John, vict. Blue Bell Lisle George, shopkeeper Mennum James, xict. Half Moon Orpeth Eobert, miller, Snitter Mill Pacalton James, schoolmaster Tithe Mary, shopkeeper Witherson Eobert, tailor rarmers Liddell James, and overseer Ord Thomas, and yeoman Pringle Edward, and veoman Eedhead WiUiam Storey Matthew, and yeoman, Snitter Lane J Thropton is a township and village comprising 827 acres, and its rateable value is£l,394 16s. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 118; in 1811, 148; in 18-2], 158; in 1831, 218; in 1841, 257; and in 1851, 218 souls. The Village of Thropton is situated near the confluence of the Snitter- burn and the Coquet two miles west by north of Rothbury. Here is a very neat Catholic Church dedicated to All Saints. It was enlarged in 1842 by the Rev. Dr. Corless, and is now a fine commodious structure. Rev. James Hubbersty, priest. There is a school attached to this chnrch. The English Presbyterians have a commodious chapel here, which was erected in 1799, and will acconnnodate about 300 persons. Rev. David S. Fergus, minister. Clark John, tailor Common Catherine, shopkeeper Crow Mr.Wilham Dixon Alice, shopkeeper Dodds Mrs. Alice Douglas John, butcher Douglas William, shopkeeper Fergus Eev. David S. (Presbyterian) Forster Jane, shopkeeper Hodgson James, shox)keeper Hubbersty Eev. James (Catholic) Hunter John, boot and shoemaker Moore Nicholas, shopkeeper Mowitt — grocer and draper Paulin George, millwright Eiddell Mrs. Dorothy Eiddell John, cattle dealer Eiddell William, vict. and farmer, Wheat Sheafs Eobsoa Andrew, joiner Three THE TOWN OF EOTHBURY. 639 Selbv George, butcher Selby Mr. William Smith George, schoolmaster Storey YvilHam, tailor Watson William, tailor Wintrip Enbert, cartwright W^ood Thomas, blacksmith Farmers Bell William, and yeoman Black Ralph Dixon William and John, and overseers, Westfield House Green Robert, and yeoman CApaiiEEs. — William Douglas, to Newcastle, on Wednesday; and James Hodgson, to Alnwick, on Saturday. Tossox (Great) and Ryehill form a township and hamlet comprising an area of 2,760 acres, the property of WiUiam Ord, Esq., Captain Iklerton, the Rev. Mr. He wit, and others. The rateable value is .£1,078, and its poj)ulation in 1801, was 150 ; in 18.11, 119; in 1821, 159 : in 1831, 195 ; inl84J, 178; and in 1851, 138 souls. The Hamlet of Great Tosson is situated one mile and three-quarters W.S.W. of Rotlibury, and appears to have been a much larger place iii former times. Here is a cower ol considerable antiquity, and a Roman camp the entrenchments of which are still visible. Ryehill, in this township, consists of two farms, which occupy an eminence commanding a rich and varied prospect of the surrounding country. iVt Great Tosson there is a woollen manufactory, a corn mill, and some excellent limestone quarries. DiEECTORY. — John Ashton, woollen manufacturer ; John Carr, blacksmith and farmer ; Thomas Rutherford, farm-steward ; John^ and ,\Yi^li£'^i^l, JwJi- ..nah, corn millers and farmers ; and the farmers are Jolm Hall, Tolvershield, T^icholas and William Moor, Ryehill, and George TurnbuU, Great Tosson. Tosson (Little) township is situated two and a half miles west of Rothbury. It contains 518 acres, the property of Percival Clennell, Esq., and the rateable value is £473. Population in 1801, 34; in 1811, 27; in 1821, 36; in 1831, 29; in 1841, 31; and in 1851, 30 souls. It is in the occupancy of Joseph Howey, farmer. Teewhitt (High and Low) form a township containing 1,C63 acres. The principal proprietors are Adam Atkinson, Esq., Andrew Giilou, Esq., and William Lynn Smart, Esq. The rateable value is £1,680 Os., and the population in 1801, was 94; in 1811, 110; in 1821, 117; in 1831, 137; in 1841, 130 ; and in 1851, 1 16 souls. The soil in this towuiship is principally a strong clay, though in some places it is a deep loam. It was formerly crossed by a Roman road vestiges of which are still visible. The late Mr. Smart traced its course from this township to Cumberland. The two hamlets of High and Low Trewhitt. are situated about four miles north-west of Roth- bury. Teew^hitt LIouse is in the vicinity of High Trewhitt, and is at present occupied by a steward. This tow^nship was lormerly the property of the Widdringtons, and was afterwards possessed by the Claverings. Dieectoey. — John C. Bolam, farmer; James Brown, farmer and overseer, Hioh Trewhitt ; George Carr, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker ; and John Swan, joiner and cart- George Jennison, farmer, The Demesne Wright. 640 COQUETDALE WARB — NORTH DIVISION. Warton is a township and hamlet, the property of William Trotter, Esq., and Gideon Spearman, Esq. The area of the township is 624 acres, and its rateable value is £935. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 66 ; in 1811, 41 ; in 1821, 46; in 1831, 59 ; in 1841, 74 ; and in 1851, 59 souls. The soil here is remarkable for its fertility. "Warton was formerly a member of the barony of Hepple, and its warlike inhabitants w^ere long the terror of the Scottish borders. The Hamlet of Warton is situated three miles west by north of Rothbury, DiEECTORr. — Mark Clark, farm-steward ; Gideon Watson, High Warton ; and JohnWintrop, joiner and cartwright. Whitton is a township and hamlet, the property of A. R. Fenwick, Esq , Mrs, Jane Weallans, and several freeholders. The area of the township is 674 acres, and its rateable value £821 6s. Population in 1801, 84; in 1811,105; in 1821, 110; in 1831, 104; in 1841, 82 ; and in 1851, 46 souls. This manor was formerly the property of the Umfraville family, from whom it was transfei^red to the Percies, and subsequently became attached to the rectory of Rothbury. Whitton Tower, which has long been the residence of the rectors of Rothbury, was formerly a strong structure, and formed part of the range of towers, which extended from Hepple to Warkworth; it is now an elegant and commodious edifice, surrounded by thriving plantations. Longevity. — Died, in 1823, Mrs. Isabella Burn, of this place, aged 104 years. Her grand-daughter, Miss Isabella Bum, is married to Mr. Thomas Ramsay, who conducts a respectable academy at Backworth, in Earsdon parish. Directory. — Rev. Charles G. V. N. Harcourt, canon of Carlisle and rector of Rothbury, The Towner ; Mr. Thomas Riddell ; Miss Ann Weall ens, Whitton Cottage; and the farmers are John Graham, Whitton; Joseph Graham, Glebe Farm ; and Edward Pyle, Hillhead. Wreighill is a township and hamlet, containing 411 acres of land, the property of Mrs. Weallens, of Flotterton House, and its rateable value is £448. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 27; in 1811, 26; in 1821, 29 ; in 1831, 27 ; in 1841, 29 ; and in 1851, 17 souls. The soil in the northern parts of this township is incumbent upon freestone, and that in the southern parts rests upon limestone. The remains of a Roman Camp are still visible in this neighbourhood. The Hamlet of Wreighill is situated five miles west by north of Rothbury. This township is farmed by the proprietor. John Scott, stew^ard. COQUETDALE WARD— NORTH DIVISION. ALNHAM PARISH. Alnham is a smaU parish bounded on the north by Ingram, on the west by Kidland, on the south by xilnwinton, and on the east by Whittingham. It comprises the townships of Alnham, Prendwick, Screnwood, and Unthank, whose united area is 12,389 acres. Population in 1801, 233 ; in 1811, 211; in 1821, 269; in 1831, 278; in 1841, 256; and in 1851, 291 souls. ALNHAM PARISH. Ml The Township of Alnliam contains 9,535 acres; and its rateable value is £5,411 10s. The number of its inhabitants, in 1801, was 124; in 1811, 136; in 1891, 143; in 1831, 146; in 1841, 141; and in 1851, 132 souls. The Village of Alnham is situated near the source of the Aln, nine miles N. N. W. of Kothbury, and has evidently been a place of some importance in ancient times. To the south of the village is Black or Blake Chesters, which was occupied as a station by the Romans, and on the summit of a hill, a mile west of Alnham, is a semi-circular encampment, defended by two out- ward ramparts and a deep fosse, with an inner circle of uncemented stones. In the vicinity of the vicarage there are the vestiges of an old border castle, which seems to have been, at one time, a place of great strength, and about four years ago, there was discovered in the glebe field, on the north side of the tower just mentioned, a portion of a paved road, sup- posed by many to have been constructed by the ancient Britons. The Church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a very ancient structure in the style of architecture which prevailed during the early part of the reign of Edward III., though some of the windows are of more modern construction. The parish register com- mences in 1688. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Rothbury, is valued in the Liber Regis at £3 17s. Id. ; gross income £130. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; vicar, the Rev. George Selby Thompson, M.A. The Vicap.age is a square embattled tower of the same date as the church, and having become very much dilapidated, subsequent to the great rebellion, it was restored by the patron of the living, in ] 844. Probably this tower was the property of the Umfravilles of Harbottle Castle, as well as Rothbury and EJsdou Towers, which still bear their arms. The river Aln rises in the hills west of the village, and pursues an easterly direction towards Whittingliam. Post Office Alnham, John Hiiine, postmaster. Letters arrive, from Alnwick, at 3-15 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 3-30 p.m. Directory. — Rev. George Selby Thompson, vicar, The Tower ; and the farmers are Thomas Dodds, and Thomas Robson. Prendwick township, the property of Ralph Carr, Esq., is situated one mile north of Alnham, contains 1,612 acres, and its rateable value is £897. Thepopulationinl801, was61; inl8il, 32; inl821,68; in 1831, 61; in 1841, 53; and in 1851, 55 souls. This township was for many generations, the property of the Alders, from whom it was purchased, early in the 18tli century, by the Bynes and Collingwoods, who, in their turn, sold it to the late John Carr, Esq., of Dunstan, in the County of Durham. Here is a school which receives £3 per annum from Ralph Carr, Esq. This town- ship is farmed by Mr. Henry George Chrisp. ScRENWooD township is situated one mile south of Alnham, and comprises 1,070 acres, the rateable value of which is £601. The population in 1801, was. 24; in 1811,20; in 1821,37; in 1831, 27; in 1841, 40; and in 1851, 60 souls. Thomas Riddell, Esq. is the landowner, and the entire township is the occupancy of Mr. Thomas Forster, farmer and yeoman. 2 R 642 COQUETDALE WARD— NORTH DIVISION. Unthane township, the property of the Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., is situated one mile west of Ahiham, and was possessed by a family which bore local name till 1568 ; it was afterwards the property of John CoUingwood Tarle- toQ, Esq., from whom it has passed to the present proprietor. The township contains 172 acres, and its rateable value is £223 17s, 6d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 24; in 1811, 23 ; in 1821, 21 ; in 1831, 34; in 1841, 22; and in 1851, 44 souls. Unthank consists of one farm, which is occupied by Mr, George Auburn. EDLINGHAM PARISH. Edltngham parish is bounded on the north by Egiingham, on the west by Whittingham, on the south by Long FramlingtoD, and on the east by Alnwick. It is about three and a half miles in length by two and a haK in breadth, and comprises an area of 12,348 acres. The parish contains the townships of Abberwick, Bolton, Broom Park, Edlingham, Learchild, and Lemmington. Its population in 1801, was 638; in 1811, 667; in 1821, 666; in 1831, 568; in 1841, 659; and in 1851, 742 souls. Abberwick township, the property of Bryan Burrell, Esq., of Broom Park, is situated four miles west of Alnwick. Its area is 1,673 acres, and its rateable value £1,632. The number of its inhabitants in J 801, was 99 ; in 1811, 142; in 1821, 125; in 1831, 135; in 1841, 170; and in 1851, 148 souls. This towiiship consists of four farms, a corn mill, and a few scattered houses. Directory. — Edward Miller, blacksmith; James Shell and Sons, corn millers, Abberwick Mill; Hugh S. Stanhope, Esq., barrister, Glen Allen; and the farmers are John Landers, Moor Laws ; Richard Pringle, Abberwick Farm; James Shell and Sods, the Mill; and James Stafford, Broom Hill. Bolton is a township and village comprising 2,048 acres, the property of Bryan Burrell, Esq; and its rateable value is £1,632. The township contained in 1801, 115; in 1811, 130; in 1821, 144; in 1831, 117; in 1841, 128; and in 1851, 163 inhabitants. The Village of Bolton is situated on the north side of the river Aln, about live miles west of Alnwick. Here is a Chapel of Ease, a neat stone edifice, rebuilt in 1852. The living is a curacy, not in charge, annexed to the vicarage of Edlingham. There w^as formerly a collegiate church, or rather an hospital here, founded prfor to 1225, by Robert Roos of Hamlake, for a master, or prior, three chaplains, thirteen leprous men, and lay brethren. The abbot of RyeVall, and the prior of Kirkham, were by the founder appointed governors of this house, which Was dedicated to St. Thomas the Martyr, or the most Holy Trinity. The Earl of Surrey held a congress here, consisting of noblemen and gentlemen, with their retinues, to the number of 24,000 men, on the 5th September, 1513, before the battle of Flodden Field. Here is a neat school erected, in 1850, under the patronage of th^ proprietor of the township. It possesses EDLINGHAM PARISH. ^43 sufficient accommodation for 80 children. The vicar of EdHngham and Bryan Burrell, Esq., contribute £10 per annum for the gratuitous education of some of the poorer children. Bolton House the residence of Hunter Allgood, Esq., occupies a beautiful situation on the north side of the Aln. Post Office, Bolton.— Margaret Bolton, 'postmistress. Letters arrive here, from Alnwick, at 11-30 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 6-45 p.m. Allgood Hunter, Esq., Bolton House Brown George, schoolmaster Cuthbertson WiUiam, joiner & cartwright Fenwick Martha, shopkeeper Gallon William, blacksmith Gray William, Esq., East Bolton Thompson Andrew, relieving officer and registrar of births and deaths for Em- bleton district Robinson George, cornmiller, The Mill Thompson Samuel, grazier WilUamson Alexander, steward Farmers Gladstone James, West Bolton Renner John, Wood Hall Robinson George, The Mill Beoom Park is a township four and a half miles west by south of Alnwick, and contains 460 acres, the rateable value of which is £560. Its population in 1801, w^as 64; in 1811, 64; in 1821, 43; in 1831, 53; in 1841, 63; and in 1851, 78 souls. The soil in this district is principally a strong loam, and the township is the property of Bryan Burrell, Esq., who resides here in a neat mansion, situated between the Lemmington-buru, and the river Aln. The pleasure grounds are tastefully laid out, and the scenery of the surrounding country is very beautiful. Directory. — By ran Burrell, Esq,, Broom Park ; Joseph and Jacob Dicken- son, farmers, Low Broom Park ; Thomas Fenwick, gamekeeper ; George Stephenson, gardener, the Lodge ; and John Wallace, land-steward, Bridge End. Edlingham is a township and village, in the parish of the same name, the property of Sir John Swinburne, who is also lord of the manor. The town- ship comprises an area of 5,636 acres, and its rateable value is £1,561. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 157; in 3 811, 197 ; in 182], 201 ; in 1831, 158 ; in 1841, 138 ; and in 185 I, 149 souls. This was a dependent manor of the barony of Patrick, Earl of Dunbar, in the reign of Henry II. In the year 1509, it was possessed by Sir Roger Hastings, and became after- wards the property of the Swinburnes of Nafferton, and the Swinburnes of Capheaton, to the latter of whom it still belongs. Of the once proud castle of Edlingham, only a few grey ruins now remain, giving but a faint idea of the massive fortress of which they once formed a part. The Village of Edlingham is situated about five and ahalf miles W.S.AV. of Alnwick. It occupies an elevated position near the west side of the Lemmington-burn, which rises on the north side of Rimside Moor, and runs northward to the Aln. The Church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £6 14s. 6d., gross 644 COQUETDALE WAEB— NOBTH DIVISION. income £499. The curacy of Bolton is attached to this living. The patron- age is vested iu the Dean and Chapter of Dui'ham, Rev. M. H. G-. Biickleji M. A , vicar. The parish register commences in 1659. ^«{ rf- Post Office, Edlinghaui, James AmourSj postmaster. a.m., and are despatched at 6 p.m. Letters arrive here at 11-30 Blakey Eobert, schoolmaster Buckle Eev. Matthew Hughes George, M.A. vicar Coxon Ealph, hlacksmith Mills John, miller and joiner Wardle Ehzabeth, vict. Sioinlurne Arms, Moorhouse Farmers Bell Eobert, George, & John, Castle Farm Codling William, and George, Demesne Coulson William, James, and Christopher, Newtown Farm .at Mordue James ■> Wardle Edward, Wandy Stead Leaechild, a to^iiship, five miles west hy south of Alnwick, contains 460 acres, and its rateable value is £338. Population in 1801, 25 ; in 1811, 27; in 1821, 60; in 1831, 20; in 1841, 35; and in 1851, 53 souls. It is divided in two estates, High Learchild, the property of the Hon. H. T. Lid- dell, M.P., and Low Learchild, which belongs to W. J. Pawson, Esq. Bro-wn John, manager for Hail & Crighton, Low Learchild Dixon Elixabeth, vict. and farmer, Buston Arms. Hall and Crighton, draining tile manu- facturers Johnson the Misses, Low Learchild Fanners Bennett George, High Learchild Telford Eobert, Low Leai'child Lemmington is a township the property of W. J. Pawson, Esq., Mrs. Pawson, of Shawdon Hall, and Bryan Burrell, Esq. It is situated four and a half miles west by south of Alnwick, comprises an area of 2,071 acres, and its rateable value is £1,516. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 178; in 1811, 107; in 1821, 123; in 1831, 85; in 1841, 125; and in 1851, 149 souls. This township includes the hamlets of Battle Bridge, and Lemming- ton Mills, and was, for a long period, the property of the Fenmck family, but it is now possessed by the above mentioned proprietors, and W. J. Pawson, Esq. is lord of the manor. Lemmington Hall is an elegant modern mansion of hewn freestone, situated on a fine eminence which commands a beautiful view of the rich vale of Whittingham. It is the property of the lord of the manor, and the residence of the Misses Davidson. '-^-jc DiEECTOEY. — The Misses Davidson, The Hall ; William Dixon, slater ; John Whittle, commiller; and the farmers are James BeU, Hill Head, at Low Barton; James Heslop, Battle Bridge ; William Heslop, Over Thwarts ; James Sharp, Broom Wood ; James Whittle, The Branch ; and John Whittle, The Mill. EGLINGHAM PARISH. Eglingham parish is bounded on the north by Glendale Ward, on the west by the parishes of Ingram and Ilderton, on the south by Alnwick, Edlingham, and Whittingham parishes, and on the east by Bambrough Ward. It is EGLINGHAM PARISH. C45 about nine miles iu length, by four and a half in breadth, and comprises aii, area of 23,361 acres. Its population in 1801, was 1,536 ; in 1811, 1,538 f in 1821, 1/666 ; in 1831, 1,805 ; in 1841, 1,832; and in 1851, 2,000 souls. It comprises 16 townships, which exhibit a great variety of 'soil and scenery, from the sterile moor to the fertile and highly cultivated valley, and possesses a mineral spring, tinctured with sulphuric acid, which issues from an old drift for the draining of coalpits ; as also a lake covering nine acres, called Kimmer Lough, abounding in perch and pike, the latter of which attain to a great size. There are some vestiges of British and Roman encampments, and the ruins of an old border tower. Lime, freestone, and coal are abundant in this parish. Bassington is a township situated on the north side of the Aln, three and a half miles north-west by north of Alnwick. It comprises 234 acres, and its rateable value is £187 6s. 5d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 9; in 1811, 17; in 1821, 13; ift 1831, — ; in 1841, 11; and in 1851, 8 souls. There are no farmers in this township, nor is it much cultivated, the greater portion abounding in rushes, from v>^hich the township is said to derive its name, as bassin, in the old British language, signifies rusJuj. Beanley is a township and village, the property of the Duke of North- umberland. The area of the township is 2,341 acres, and its population in 1801, was 164; in 1811, 137; in 1821, 160; in 1831, 169; in 1841, 176; and in 1851, 166 souls. The rateable value is £1,366. Beanley was formerly the property of the Earls of Dunbar, who held it upon the condition of being surety for the peace of England and Scotland ; but being un- able to fulfil their tenure, they forfeited this estate, which was granted by Edward III. to Henry Percy, from whom it has descended to the present proprietor. In this township are the remains of a British camp, surrounded with a double fosse and rampart, and on Hedgeley Moor, at a short distance from the village, is a cross erected in memory of Sir Ralph Percy, an adherent of the house of Lancaster, who fell in 1464, in a battle with the Yorkists. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for a rent charge of £143, and the vicarial tithes for £55 18s. This township is intersected by the river Breamish, which abounds in trout, etc., and Gallow Law, on the west side of the Breamish, is supposed to have been the place of execution for Beanley barony. The Village of Beanley is situated upon an eminence about seven miles north-west by west of Alnwick. Directory. — John Lillie, blacksmith ; and the farmers are John Moffatt, and Ralph Storey. Bewick (New) is a township and hamlet containing 1,125 acres, the property of A. J. B. Cress well, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 63; in 1811, 92; in 1821, 93; in 1831, 106 ; in 1841, 121 ; and in 1851, 101 souls. The Hamlet of New Bewick is two and a half miles west by north of Eglingham. Directory. — Ralph Morrison, Esq., who farms the whole township. Bewick (Old) is a township and village, containing 5,487, acres, and its population in 1801, was 187; in 1811, 180; iu J821, 247; in 1831, 227; 640 COQUETDALE WAED^-NOETH DIVISION. in 1841, 176 ; and in 1851, 191 souls. A. J. B. Gresswell, |]sq., is the sole lando^vner, and also lord of the manor. There are remains of several British entrenchments in this township, and on Bewick Moor is a natural cave, which, like the greater number of such places, is said to have been a haunt for robbers. The Village of Old Bewick is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the river Till, three miles W. N. W. of Eglingham, and ten miles north-west by north of Alnwick. The ancient chapel, which is now in. ruins, stood at a little distance north-west of the village, and was dedicated t§^ the Holy Trinity. ' ^ DiRECTORT.— George Chreseson, hmeburuer; Thomason Hall, eartwright ; James Sheriff, blacksmith ; John Taylor, bailiff to A. J. B. Gresswell, Esq.!' and the farmers are Robert Carr, Bewick Folly ; J. C. Langlands, and Thomas Eobson. Brandon, a township and hamlet, near the southern extremity of the Che- viot Hills, on the north side of the Breamish, is the property of H. L. Allgood, Esq. The population of the township in 1801, wms 103 ; in 1811, 132 ; in 1821, 118; in 1831, 160; in 1841, 147; and in 1851, 173 souls. The Hamlet of Brandon is situated eight miles south by east of Wooler. Brandon White House was formerly the residence of Sir Daniel Collingwood, a lineal descendent of the renowned border chieftain, Cuthbert Collingwood. Sir Daniel was chaplain and afterwards sword bearer to King Charles II, This mansion is now occupied by John Davison, Esq. Directory. — John Davidson, Esq., Brandon White House ; William David-?- son, blacksmith; Andrew Dodds, joiner ; and Thomas James, farmer. Branton is a township and hamlet, the property of Alexander Brown, Esq. The township comprises an area of 1 1 47 acres, and number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 108; in 1811, 100; in 1821, 111; in 1831, 110; in 1841, 119; and in J 851, 102 souls. The Hamlet of Bran ton is situated on the south side of the Breamish nine miles south by east of Wooler. Here is a Presbyterian Chapel, erected in 1781; it is a neat stone edifice, and will accommodate about 700 persons. The Rev. James Blythe, minister. Attached to this chapel, is a school which is respectably and numerously attended. George Davidson, teacher. Directory.— George Davidson, schoolmaster ; Christopher Peary, grocer and general dealer ; and the farmers are Robert Clavering ; William Caii^ns, East Side ; and William Spink, Middle Farm. Crawley is a township, eight miles W. N. W. of Alnwick. It comprises 314 acres, and its rateable value is £400. Population in 1801, 30 ; in 1811, 24; in 1821, 23; in 1831, 32; in 1841, 20; and in 1851, 25 souls. Sir Francis Blake, Bart., of Twizell House, is owner of this estate and lord of the manor. The tithes were commuted in 1839; aggregate amount of vicarial 6s. 6d. and of impropriate £6 10s. Od. This township was anciently designated Crawlawe, supposed to be a corruption of the Celtic Caerlaw, a fortified hill. Crawlaw Tower, occupies the southern extremity of an old encampment, which is supposed to be the " Alauna Amnis" of the Romans, though some place that station at Alnwick. The entrenchment here is 290 EGLINGHAM PARISH. 647 feet iu length, by ] 60 in breadth, and is encompassed by a fosse and rampart,, . the former of which is 30 feet, and the latter 20 feet wide. The situatioiL'r occupied by this entrenchment is very lofty, commanding a most delightful view of the vale of Whittingham, with the river Breamish, and no fewer than seven British and Saxon entrenchments may be distinguished from this station, within a circuit of four miles. Crawley Tower is supposed by anti- quarians to be a Roman structure. This township consists of one farm and a few cottages. DiEECTOEY. — James Weir, farmer, Crawley Tower. DiTCHBUEN, (East and West), form a township in this parish, but are locally situated iuthesoutbern division of Bambrough Ward, six miles N.N.W. of Alnwick. The township comprises an area of 1,520 acres, and its rateable value is £502. Population in 1801, 87; in 1811, 86 ; in 1821, 97; in 1831, 77; in 1841, 60; and in 1851, 86 souls. Kobert Dand, Esq., of Field House, Lesbury, is the proprietor and lord of the manor of East Ditchburn, . and John F. Carr, Esq., is the owner and lord of the manor of West Ditch- burn. There w'as formerly a fortified tower here, which served as a place of safety for cattle during the border raids. .iv DiEECTOEY. — John F. Carr, Esq., West Ditchburn ; and Andrew Railstoni.- farm steward to Robert Dand Esq., East Ditchburn. EGLINGHA^E is a township and village giving name to the parish in which it is situated. The township contains 1,946 acres, and its rateable value is £1,695, The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 204; in 1811, 191 ; in 1821, 184; in 1831, 221 ; in 1841, 804 ; and in 1851, 357 souls. The manor of Eglingham has been the seat and property of the Ogle family for many centuries, and is now possessed by Major Robert Ogle. The Earl of Tankemlle also owns some lands in this township. The Village of Eglingham is situated on an eminence seven miles north west of Alnwick. The Paeish Chuech is dedicated to St. Maurice, and the register commences in 1662. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Bambrough, is valued in the Liber Regis at £23 3s. l^d., gross income, £906. Patron, the Bishop of Durham ; vicar, the Rev. Richard Charles Coxe, M.A. There were formerly four chapels of ease in this parish, but they have long been in ruins. Chaeity.— Margaret Hiudmai'sh, by her will, bearing date 9th March, 1704, bequeathed the sum of £50 to the poor of this parish, and directed that the interest should be distributed yearly among the poor in|iabitants of the parish of Eglingham. Post Office, Eglingham.— Eobert Robertson, Postmaster. Letters arrive here at 11-0 a.m., and are despatched at 7-0 p.m. Blair Matthew, blacksmith Chisholm, George, tailor Baird JohD,farmer,coalowner,&limeburner, Coxe Eev. Eichard Charles, Banna-moor, and Shipley Colhery Yicarage Brown William, schoolmaster Grey John, mason Burn Thos. vict. & joiner, TankervUle Aims Green James, shoemaker, Burn WiUiam, joiner [ Green John, shoemaker .A. vicar. 648 COQUETDALH WARD-— NOETH DIVISION. Harvey Mrs. scTioolmistresa Hewitt William, vict. Ogle Arms Hash Adam, tailor Knot William, joiner and cart-wright Middlemiss Mark, cornmiller Mole Thomas, grocer Ogle Major Eobert, The Hall Pringle William, joiner and cartwright Eobertson Eobert, grocer Thompson Wilham, mason Vint John, limeburner and coalbwner Wood James, blacksmith Farmers Baird John, Banna-moor Bolton John, Cock Hall Middlemiss Mark Eobertson Eobert Eobson Matthew, Glebe Farm Short John, Eglingham Hall Habehope, or Hareup, a township one mile north-west of EglingHam, contains 566 acres of land, and its rateable valueis£231. Population in 1801, 44; in 1811, 36; in 1821,46; in 1831, 50; in 1841, 49; and in 1851, 62 souls. The tithes were commuted in 1839 ; aggregate amount, £32 17s. 7d.; impropriate, and £24 3s. vicarial. The township contains but one farm, and Harehope House, a handsome stone mansion, the residence of O. A. Baker Creswell, Esq. Directory. — 0. A. Baker Creswell, Esq., Harehope House ; and Edward Donkin, farmer. Hedgeley township is the property of Ralph Carr, Esq. It is situated eight miles W.N.W. of Alnwick, contains an area of 700 acres, and its rateable value is £700. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 51 ; in 181 1, 42 ; m 1821, 30 ; in 1831, 43 ; in 1841, 72 ; and in 1851, 81 souls. This township extends on both sides of the river Breamish, that portion on the east side of the river being called High Hedgeley, and the other Low Hedgele}^ A monument on Hedgeley Moor, called Percy's Cross, marks the spot where the brave Sir Ralph Percy fell, v\4iile bravely fighting for the cause of Henry VI., in the wars of York and Lancaster. It stands a little to the north-east of the tv\-euty-fourth milestone on the Morpeth and AVooler road, and consists of a stone pillar, fixed on a pedestal, having the armorial bearings of Lucy and Percy rudely cut upon it in relief. Hedgeley House is the seat of Ralph Carr, Esq. Directory. — Ralph Carr, Esq., Hedgeley House; George Bolam, farmer; John Anderson, joiner; Robert Green, shoemaker; and George Short, tailor. LiLBURN (East), a township four miles south-east by east of Wooler, con- tains 868 acres, the property of A. J. B. Creswell, Esq., and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 95 ; in 1811, 72; in 1821, 97 ; in 1831, 95 ; in 1841, 80; and in 1851, 100 souls. Tithes commuted in 1839; aggregate amount, £123 2s. 8d. due to the impropriator, and £57 6s. 3d. to the vicar of Eglingham. This township contains only one farm which is occupied by Ralph Atkinson, farmer. LiLBURN (West) is a township and hamlet, the property of Edward John ColHngwood, Esq. The township contains an area of 1,965 acres, and its population in 1801, was 164 ; in 1811, 140 ; in 1821, 171 ; in 1831, 235 ; in 1841, 226 ; and in 1851, 234 souls. The tithes were commuted in 1839; aggregate amount £268 7s 1 Id. This estate was anciently held under the barony of Wark,by the De Roos family, but in consequence of the revolt of EGLINaHAM PAETSH. 649 Robert De "Roos, it Avas forfeited, and we next find it in the possession of a family which bore the local name, who held it for many ages. At the west end of the hamlet are the ruins of an ancient mansion and tower, and also of a chapel of ease. The Hamlet of West Lilburn is situated three miles south-east of Wooler. Lilburn Towee, a neat modern building, is the residence of Edward John ColHngwood, Esq. Post Office, West Lilbukn. — John Deas, Postmaster. Letters arrive at 12 noon, and are despatched at 6 p.m. Brown John, auctioneer and joiner, Haugh Stead Collingwood Edward John, Esq., Lilburn Tower Deas John, gardener Hindmarsh Matthew, gamekeeper Moffat Chas. land agent, Lilburn Cottage Farmers Brown John, Haugh Head Cock Thomas Pm^ves Peter William, South Steads Smith Wllham, Lilburn HiU Ramsay James, The Grange Stephenson William, Tower Farm Shipley is a township in this parish, but locally situated in the southern division of Bambrough Ward. It comprises 1,991 acres, the property of Edward Collingwood, Esq., James H. H.Atkinson, Esq., William Baird, Esq., Lord Ellehborough, and Thomas Arthur, Esq. The number of its inhabit- ants in 1801, was 108 ; in 1811, 152 ; in 1821, 129 ; in 1831, 95 ; in 1841, 124 ; and in 1851, 147 souls. The rateable value is £1,176 10s., and the Earl of Tankerville, and James H. H. Atkinson, Esq., are the lords of the manor. The Hamlet of Shipley is five miles N.N.W. of Alnwick. DiRECTOEY. — John Baird, coalowner, Shipley Colliery ; Roger Simpson and Son, corn millers ; Richard Taylor, blacksmith ; and the farmers are James Birkley, Small Burn; Michael Davison ; George Robson, The Mill ; Thomas Scott, Lane-end ; and Roger Simpson and Son. TiTLiNGTON township is situated six miles west by north of Alnwick, and comprises an area of 2,234 acres. Its population in 1801, was 63 ; in 1811, 71; in 1821, 74 ; in 1831, 78; in 1841, 70; and in 1851, 81 souls. The sole land-owner is William J. Pawson, Esq., and the rateable value is £831 5s. DiRECTOEY. — William J. Pawson, Esq., Titlington Hall ; John F. Carr, Esq., farmer. The Mount ; and Edward Llarbottle, farmer. WooPERTON, a township comprising 923 acres, is situated six miles S.S,E. of Wooler. Population in 1801, 56 ; in 1811, 66 ; in 1821, 68 ; in 1831, 107; in 1841, 77; and in 1851, 86 souls. Tithes commuted in 1839; aggregate amount £108 15s. to the impropriator, and £56 19s. 8d. to the vicar of Eghngham. Directory. — Mr. John Gray ; and James Gray, farmer. ILDERTON PARISH. Tlbeeton parish is bounded on the north by Wooler and Doddington, on the west by the Cheviots, on the south by Ingram, and on the east by Egling- ham. It comprises the townships of Ilderton, Middleton Hall, Middleton 2 R 2 650 COQUETDALE WARD KOETH DIVISION. North, Middleton South, Piocldam, and Eosedoii, Avhose united area is 9,670 acres. The population in 1801, was 475; in 1811, 60vi ; in L8jil, 579; in 1831, 602; in 1841, 685; and in 1851, 641 souls. The eastern portion of this parish consists of a light gravelly soil while the western part is chiefly moss and heather. The surface is hilly and to the south-west the parish extends to the summit of Hedgehope, one of the Cheviot Hills. It has for its southern limit the river Breamish, and is intersected by the Caldgate, Lilburn, Roddam, and several minor streams. Ilderton is a township and village giving name to the parish in which it is situated, and the property of Sanderson llderton, Esq., and William Eodr dam, Esq. The township contains 3,640 acres, and its population in 1801, was 135; in 1811, 118; in 1821, 157; in 1831, 126; in 1841, 121 ; and in 1851, 145 souls. The Earl of Tankerville is lord of the manor, which was, in ancient times, dependent upon the barony of Wark, of which it was held by the ancient family of llderton, by whom it has been possessed since the reign of Edward I. One of this family. Sir Thomas llderton, so renowned for his valour at the siege of Berwick, was High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1377. This township was a favourite haunt of the Druids ; it is surrounded by hills and woods, and one of their temples consisting of ten large, rude, and unequal stones, placed in an oval form, is still to be seen between the villages i^f llderton and Hedgehope. The Village of llderton is situated upon a hill four and a half miles south by east of Wooler. The Church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a modern edifice consisting of a nave, chancel, and square tower. The living a dis- charged rectory in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Bambrough, is valued in the Liber Regis at £4 ; gross income i:200, inclusive of 50 acres of glebe land. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; rector, the Rev. Henry Parker, M.A. The parish register commences in 1724. A new Parsonage House was erected in 1842. Letters arrive here by foot post at 11-15 a.m., and are despatched at 1-15 p.m. Directory. — Rev. Henry Parker, M.A., rector; John D. Clark, farmer; John Leighton, blacksmith ; and Joseph Waters, corn miUer and farmer, Coldgate Mill. Middleton Hall township, the property of George H. Hughes, Esq., is situated two and three-quarter miles south by west of Wooler. It contains 1,101 acres, and its population in 1801, was 40; in 1811, 47 ; in 1821, 61; in 1831, 66; in 1841, 64; and in 1851, 66 souls. Directory. — George Hughes Hughes, Esq., Middleton Hall. Middleton (North), a township and hamlet, comprises 2,102 acres the property of the Earl of Tankerville. The population in 1801, was 82; in 1811, 111 ; in 1821, 128; in 1831, 156; in 1841, 129; and in 1851, 127 souls. The Hamlet of North Middleton is situated two and a half miles south of Wooler. Directory.— George Buck, blacksmith ; John Enghsh, cattle dealer, Haugh Head ; John Jobson, grocer, draper, and beer retailer, Haugh Head; and George Rea, farmer. ILDERTON PARISH. 651 MiDDLETON (South) township is situated three miles south of Wooler. It is the property of the Earl of Tankerville, but in ancient times it was the property of Muschampe family, and a member of the lordship of Wooler ; it was afterwards possessed by the noble family of Percy, and also by the Com- missioners of Greenwich Hospital. This township contains 1,609 acres. - Population in 1801, 67 ; in 1811, 79 ; in 1821, 69 ; in 1831, 69 ; in 1841, 78 ; and in 1851, 70 souls. Directory.— George Rea, farmer. RoDDAM is a township and hamlet the property of William Roddam, Esq., whose family have held this township from time immemorial, indeed it is asserted that the Roddams are an ancient British family, who have held this estate through all the changes and vicissitudes which this country has under- gone, and that whether Romans, Saxons, Danes, or Normans, were the dominant power in the state, still this tow^nship never acknowledged any other than a Roddam for its proprietor. Among the records &c. of this ancient family the following grant of king Athelstan is preserved :— - " I King Adelstane GifFys here to Paulan Oddam and Eoddam, All gude and all fair As ever thei myn war And thairto witness Maid my wyf," How different from the strictness of construction, which, in modern times, renders almost eveiy w^ord in an instrument a snare for the unwary. The Roddams were formerly the possessors of large estates in different parts of this county, but of their ancient inheritance this is the only manor which they now retain. Among the many members of this family who have dis- tinguished themselves in their country's service, the names of Sir John and Admiral Roddam, hold an honourable position. The former was slain at the battle of Tow^ton, in 149 J, and the latter, having rendered his country tjie most signal service during the French and American wars, and having attained the rank of senior admiral of the red, died in Newcastle on the 31st March, 1808, in the 89th year of his age. The Hamlet of Roddam is situated five and a half miles south by west of Wooler. Roddam Hall the seat of the proprietor of the township is a handsome modern mansion, seated on a bold eminence forming the bank of a romantic dell, which is watered by a rivulet flowing eastward from the Hedgehope hills to the river Till. Directory. — William Roddam, Esq., Roddam Hall ; John Angley, agent to William Roddam, Esq.; John E. Eadington, schoolmaster; Isabella Huttou, shopkeeper ; James Kearton, gamekeeper to William Roddam, Esq. ; and William Morrison, farmer, Roddam Ridge House. RosEDON is a township and hamlet the property of the Rev. Thomas Ilder- ton, of Felton. The area of the township is included in that of Ilderton, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 59 ; in 1811, 70 ; in 18'31, 74 ; in 1831, 78; in 1841, 83; and in 1851, 95 souls. On Rosedon Edge is a 65^ COQrETDAL& WARD— NOETH DIVISION. large semicircular entrenchment having for its defences two high ramparts of earth and a deep fosse, -with an inner circle of uncemented stones. It is about one hundred yards in diameter, and contains many remains of buildings, &c. It is supposed to have been a fort of the ancient Britons, and it is very probable that it was strengthened and enlarged by the Romans during their stay in this island. The Hamlet of Rosedon is situated about one mile E.S.E. of Ilderton, and five miles south by east of Wooler. DiEECTOEY. — W. J. and C. Atkinson, farmers ; John and George Potter, cartwrights ; and John Young, blacksmith. INGRAM PARISH. Ingram is a parish, comprising the three townships of Fawdon, Clinch, and Hartside ; Ingram, Linop, and Greenshaw Hill ; and Reavealey. It is bounded by the parishes of Alnham, Eglingham, Ilderton, and Whittingham/^ and comprises an area of 11,304 acres. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 171; in 1821, 180; in 1811, 228; in 1831, 205; in 1841,220; and in 1851, 198 souls. This district, which is very irregular, mountainous, and picturesque, is very thinly peopled, and is intersected by the river Breamish. Fawdon, Cltnch, and Hartside form a township in the above parish, and-^ comprise an area of 2,082 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. The population of this township in 1801, was 50; in 1811, 68; in 1821, 80; in 1831, 67; in 1841, 54; andinl851, 65 souls. The tithes of Clin ch were commuted in 1839 ; aggregate amount of impropriate £12 10s. Od. ; of rectorial £18 6s 6d. ; of those due to the parish clerk Is. Clinch is a hilly district one mile and a half south-east of Ingram. Hartside is two miles west of Ingram, and the Hamlet of Fawdon is situated one mile E. S. E. of the same place. The whole township contains but one farm and a few cottages. Directory. — Isaac Bolam, farmer. Ingram, Linop, and Greenshaw Hill, form a township, the property of the Rev. James x\llgood, M. A., and Wm. Roddam, Esq. Their united area is 6,882 acres, and the number of inhabitants in 1801 , was 66 ; in 1811, 61 ; in 1821, 74 ; in J 831, 71 ; in 1841, 92 ; and in 1851, 70 souls. Greenshaw Hill is one mile and three quarters west of Ingram, on the north side of the Breamish ; and Linopis a wild region three miles west of the same place. Here is the celebrated Linop Spout, a cataract which has a fall of forty-eight feet over ■ a rugged perpendicular precipice, of brown whinstone, spotted with green, - into a basin which is seven feet in diameter, and fifteen feet in depth. It is ' sometimes designated the Roughtin Lin from the great noise made by the fall of its waters after heavy rains. In this mountainous region many of the old Celtic names, so descriptive of the places to which they are applied, are '■ still in use, and from the names of our rivers and our mountains the impor-'/ tant fact may be learned that the great geographical features of Britain^-'' WHITTXNGHAM PAETSH. 653 caiinot have materially changed since the days, in which the "azure armed Brigantes" roamed tJarough the woods and forests of Northumbria. The surface of the countiy has been cleared, marshes and swamps have been drained, and towns and cities have been built, but the rivers flow to the sea, and the mountains raise their lofty heads to the sky, precisely as they did two thousand years ago. In the ancient Celtic Lin or Lyn means a deep pool, particularly one formed below a waterfall. This prefix with the termi- nation Op or Hope, a vale without a thoroughfare, is quite descriptive of this place. On an eminence about three miles north-west of Linop, are the Card- law Cairns, the rude but impressive funeral monuments of the ancient in- habitants of this island. Between Linop and Hartside the foundations of British towns may still be discerned, and a road or trackway, the work of the same people, may yet be distinctly traced. The Village of Ingram is situated on the south side of the river Breamish nine miles south by east of Wooler. The Church is dedicated to St. Michael, and the parish register commences in 1689. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Lindisfame and deanery of Rothbury, valued in the Liber Regis at £24 16s. 8d. ; gross income £485. Patron R. L. Allgood, Esq.; Rev. James Allgood, M.A., rector. The Rectoey is a fine stone mansion, situated near the church. The Paeish School a neat structure possessing accommodation for fifty pupils, is in the vicinity of the church, James Sutherland, teacher. DiEECTOEY. — Rev. James Allgood, M.A., rector, Rectory ; James Suther- land, schoolmaster ; and the farmers are Robert Donldn ; and Andrew Waugh, (and miller). Revealey is a township and hamlet, the property of Hunter Allgood, Esq. The township contains 2,340 acres, and the number ofits inhabitants in 1801, was 55; inlSll, 51; inl821,74; in 1831, 67 ; in 1841, 74 ; andinl851, 63 souls. It contains one farm and a few cottages. The Hamlet of Revealey. is situated half a mile north by east of Ingram. DiEECTOEY. — John Thompson, farmer. WHITTINGHAM PARISH. Whittingkam parish comprises the townships of Callaley with Yetlingtou, Glanton, Lorbottle, Ryle Great, Ryle Little, Shawdon, and Whittingham, and is bounded on the north by Ingram and Eglingham, on the west by Aln- ham, on the south by Rothbury, and on the east by Edlingham. It is about four miles in length by the same in breadth, and embraces an area of 17,484 acres. Its population in 1801, was 1,465 ; in 1811, 1,862; in 1821, 1,749; in 1831, 1,790; in 1841, 1,896; and in 1851, 1,905 souls. The parish is very fertile, well enclosed, and cultivated. The tithes were commuted in 1841, award of rent charge, £980, of which £938 is for the township of Whittingham, and £42 for that of Little Ryle, and £686 to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, as tithe owners, and £294 to the Vicar of Whittingham. 654 COQUETDALE WARD— ^NOETH DIVISION. Callaley and Yetlington form a township, the property of Edward John Clavering, Esq. It comprises an area of 8,970 acres, and its rateable value is £3,043 14s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 327 ; in 1811, 353; in 1821, 363; in 1831, 303; in 1841, 306; and in 1851, 274 souls. Callaley has been long possessed by a family which bears the local name, and was granted with Yetlington, by Gilbert de Callaley, in the reign of Henry III., to Robert Fitz Roger, Baron of Warkworth and Clavering, an ancestor of the present Claverings, whose ancient family name was De Burgh. John de Burgh, Earl of Comyn, and Baron of Tonsburgh, in Normandy (descended from Charlemagne), being a general of the Norman army, and governor of the chief towns of that Duchy, accompanied the Conqueror into England, and, having married Beatrix, heiress of Ivo de Yesci, a Norman noble, was father of two sons, Harlowen (who married Arlotta, mother of King William), an- cestor of the Clanricarde family ; and Eustace, Lord of Knaresboroiigh, an- cestor of the Counts de Vesci. Among the most distinguished members of ' — fcliis family may be noticed, Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, and Earl of Kent, who died in 1096 ; Robert, surnamed De Morton, Earl of Cornwall, who received 793 manors for his conduct upon the field of Hastings ; Hubert de Burgh^ Earl of Kent, Chief Justiciary of England, so honourably distinguished in the" reigns of John, and Henry III., and many others who have been remarkable for their bravery and patriotism. Robert Fitz Roger, Lord Clavering, Baron of Warkworth and Clavering, who died in 1311, was possessed of no less than twenty-five manors in various parts of the country. His eldest son John, who was the first of the family that bore the surname of Clavering, died without male issiie, and bequeathed all his manors in Northumberland to King John, who granted them to the house of Percy. His only daughter, Eva, had four husbands, and it is remarkable, that in the short space of six generations, there were amongst her descendants, the following illustrious - personages :— " A King of England, a Queen of England, a Duchess of York, a Duchess of Clarence, a Duke of Bedford, a Marquis of Montacute, an Earl of Northumberland, an Earl of Westmoreland, an Earl of Kent, an Earl of Salisbury, the ' King Making ' Earl of AYarwick, a Lord Latimer, a Lord Abergavenny, an Archbishop of York, and an Earl Marshal of England. And from her descendant^ the Duchess of York, sprang the three monarchs of the House of York." There are several remains of antiquity in this township. At a short distance from the village is a conical eminence called Castle HiU, whose summit, comprising about two acres, is surrounded by a wall, which is further strengthened, in some places, by a deep fosse hewn out of the solid rock, and flanked on the outside by another wall. Down the western brow of the hill are further defences, and the whole area, containing about seven acres, is very difiicult of access. It is supposed to have been a fortified Roman Camp. Here is also a lofty hill called the Crag, which is covered with trees to its very summit. The Village of Callaley is situated two miles west of Whittingham. Callaley Castle, the seat and property of Edward John Clavering, Esq., is sealed m a large and beautiful park, surrounded bj piefeatesqi|# I WHITTINGHAM PARISH. 655 romantic scenery. The tower at the west end of the mansion hears marks of great antiquity, but the centre and the tower at the east end, have a more modern appearance. Attached to the Castle is a small Catholic Church, erected in 1750. The Rex. Thomas Ord is the officiating priest. There is a school and teacher's house at Callaley Woodhouse, erected by E. J. Claveriug, Esq. "W. Ternent, teacker. Yetltngton, a village and joint township with Callaley, is situated three and a half miles west south-west of Whittinghara. ClaveringJohnEdwardjEsq.CallaleyCastle Dickinson John, gamekeeper Gibson John, gardener Gibson Ealph, joiner Mordue George, gardener Ord Rev. Thomas (Catholic) Ternent WiHiara, shopkeeper and school- master Farmers BrewisEhzabeth, High Houses '^Clark Thomas, The FolHns ^ColjiJle WilHam, Yethngton "Ijrey Wilham and Joseph, Dancing Hall Pattison John, Cross Hill Tait Andrew, The Mains Glanton is a township and village, the property of F. J. W. Collingwood, Esq.,- George Hughes, Esq., Rev. Gilbert Alder, W. J. Pawson, Esq., T. S. Storey, Esq., Ealph Carr, Esq., the heirs of the late W. Tewart, Esq., the Messrs. Allendale, and some freeholders. The township contains 1,329 acres, and its rateable value is J&3,038 6s. Population in 1801, 279; in 1811,433; in 1821, 474; in 1831, 534; in 1841, 592; and in 1851, 601 souls. The lofty eminence called Glanton Pike, was anciently the site of a beacon to alarm the country in times of danger. In the year 1716, as a mason was digging for stone near " Deer Street," in this township, he dis- covered an empty stone chest, upwards of three feet long. Some time after- wards, three more chests, of a similar form, with covers, were found at the same place. There were two urns and some fine earth in each, with some charcoal and human bones, on which marks caused by fire were plainly discernible. Near these were two other urns, one large, and the other very small ; they were of ordinary pottery, and on exposure to the air fell to pieces. The Village of Glanton is pleasantly situated on the high road, two miles north of Whittingham. It possesses some well built houses and shops, and commands a beautiful vievr of the fertile vale of Whittingham. Here is a Presbyterian Chapel, which was erected in 1783, and possesses sittings for 400 persons. Rev. Duilcan Lennie, minister. There is a school attached to this chapel. PowBURN is a hamlet in this township, nine miles south by east of Wooler. Post Office, Glanton, John JJtterson, jpostmasier. Letters arrive here, from Alnwick, at 11-30 a.m., and are despatched thereto dt 6-15 p.m. Blythe Kev. James (Presbyterian), Green- ville Brown Capt. Alexander, Glanton House Burn Thomas, gardener, Glanton Pyke Collingwood Frederick J. W. Esq. Glanton Colville John, tailor Cowley Thomas, stonemason Cowley William, schoolmaster Crea Henry, surgeon Crewther Thomas, grocer and carrier Davidson George^ shopkeeper, Powbum 666 COQUETDALE WAED — NOBTH DIVISION. Dickinson John, tailor and draper Pryden William, joiner and builder Farmer William, vict. & farmer. Red Lion Frater David, vict. Nag's Head Green John, boot and shoemakei', Potv- burn Hall Bobt. boot and shoemaker, Powbum Hetherington James, veterinary surgeon Holburn the Misses Mary and Ann Hudson George, boot and shoemaker Hume Eobert, clock and watchmaker Kitchen John, saddler Lamb James, slater Lennie Rev, Duncan (Presbyterian) Lilley Isabella, straw bonnet maker Mackintosh John, plumber, glazier, and painter Matthew Eobert, boot and shoemaker Matthewson Isaac & Son, general drapers Mills Jane, beerhouse keeper Patterson Josepb, boot and shoemaker Pearey George, blacksmith Eeed James, boot and shoemaker Eobertson William, M.D. Eobson John & Thos. victs. and farmers, Plough Inn, Powbum Eobson William, shopkeeper^ Powburn Thompson Eobert, boot and shoemaker Turnbull Y/illiam, butcher and farmer Utterson John, grocer, postmaster, and draper Whenham Wilham and George, tailors Wilson William, shopkeeper Young John, baker and beerhouse-keeper Farmers Brooks William, North Field Cramont George, North Farm Hudson Thomas (and yeoman) Park Andrew and Thomas, Glanton Pyke Park Joseph, Mile End Potts John, Powburn Robinson James and Joseph LoRBOTTLE is a township and hamlet in this parish, comprising an area of 2,409 statute acres, the property of Adam x\tkinson, Esq. The rateable value of the township is £1,407, and its population in J 801 , was 95 ; in 1811, 118; in 1831, 100; in 1831, 128; in 1841, 114; and in 1851, 111. The Hamlet of Lorbottle is situated on the north side of Lorbottle-burn, four and a half miles north by v^^est of Rothbury. Lorbottle House, the seat of the proprietor of the township, is a neat villa occupying a very secluded situation. Directory. — Adam Atkinson, Esq., Lorbottle Hall ; George Crozier, woodman ; John Dickinson, gamekeeper ; George Mordu, gardener ; and the farmers are Thomas and Richard Binks, West Steads ; Ann Drysdale ; and — McDonnell, Kiln House. Ryle (Great) is a township and hamlet, the property of the Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., and Hugh Taylor, Esq. The township contains 2,113 acres, and its rateable value is £1,407 7s. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 111; in 1811, 99; in 1821, 99; in 1831, 94; in 1841, 67; and in 1851, 78 souls. The soil here is principally a strong loam. The Hamlet of Ryle is situated three miles west by north of vVhittingham. DiREOTORY. — James Tait, Ryle Mill ; and William Thompson, (W. and J. Thompson), Great Ryle. Ryle (Little) township is situated seven miles west by north of Alnwick. Its area is 1,056 acres, and its rateable value £568 9s. Population in 1801, 50; in 1811, 49; in 1821, 48; in 1831, 40; in 1841, 42; and in 1851,21 souls. The Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., is the sole landowner. Little Ryle was the villa and seat of the fourth son of Sir Daniel CoUingwood, of Brandon, a descendant of Sir Cuthhert CoUingwood, of Eslington. This ancient family, so renowned in border warfare, possessed at one time considerable property in this neighbourhood, and often did their followers and dependants repel the MMI i WHITTINOHAM PAEISH, 667 inroads of tlie Scottish marauders. This township consists of one farm, the homestead of wMch appears to have been one of those old ;peels or towers so numerous on the borders, DiRECTOKY. — Adam Hindmarsh, farmer. Shawdon township, situated seven miles west by north of Alnwick, com- prises an area of 1,056 acres, and its rateable value is £1,034 13s. It is the property of W. J. Pawsou, Esq., and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 91; in 1811, 95; in 1821, 77; in 1831, 80; in 1841, 94; and in 1851, 94 souls. In January, 1761, as some workmen were digging in a plantation in this township, they found two Roman urns containing human hones. The urns were of a globular form, about eighteen inches in diameter, and were made of a bluish earth. Near the urns a stone chest, or coffin, was also dis- covered, and on digging further, the entire foundation of a triangular building, and also a Eoman causeway were brought to light. One of those rare and beautiful gold coins, a rose noble of the reign of Edward I., was discovered here in January, 1829. On the impress was the figure of the monarch seated in a ship of an antique form, and bearing on his shoulder a shield con- taining the arms of England, France, and Ireland, with the legend, "sic ib at per undas." Shawdon House, the residence of Mrs. Pawson, is a large and elegant building, adorned with extensive pleasure grounds and planta- tions. It is said to occupy the site of Shawdon Tower, which has long since disappeared. DiRECTOEY. — Mrs. Pawson, Shawdon Hall; George Bolam, farmer; Mrs. Davidson, farmer, Shawdon Hill ; and John Eobinson, joiner. Whittingham is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of Lord Ravensworth. The township comprises an area of 6,103 acres, and its rateable value is £5,489. Population in 1801, 512; in 1811, 715; in 1821, 588; in 1831, 611; in 1841, 681; and in 1851, 726 souls. This township was formerly held in sergeantry of the kingb}^ drenage service, but it now belongs to the above-mentioned proprietor. The vale of Whitting- ham has long been famous for the luxuriance of its soil, the excellence of its culture, and the general beauty of its appearance. On its rich pastures cattle and sheep attain a large size, and its verdant aspect forms a most striking contrast with the adjacent mountains, rocks, bogs, and heath, which com- prise the surface of Rimside Moor. Thrunton Mill in this township, occupied by Messrs William and Thomas Swanson, millers, receives its motion from a spring that rises in its vicinity, and which discharges no less than 560 gallons of water per minute. A few years ago three spear heads in a perfect state of preservation were discovered on the Thrunton Farm, they were presented to the Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P. A stone coffin was also found in the adjoin- ing farm of Low Field. The Village of Whittingham is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Aln, where that river is crossed by the Morpeth and Wooler road, eight miles w^est of Alnwick. Here is a strongly fortified tower, formerly used by the inhabitants as a place of refuge during the frequent incursions of the Scots. It underwent^ thorough renovation, in 1845, at the e.xpense of Lady Ravensworth, 66^ COQUETDALE WARD— NORTH DIVISION. and now serves as a retreat for the deserving poor of botli sexes. A fair for black cattle, horses, and c^ercautile goods, is held here on the 94th of August ; and there is also an annual flower show held under the patro- nage of the Hon., H. T. Liddell, M.P. The Chitrch, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is a neat structure, which, since 1840, has been considerably enlarged and othervsdse improved. To carry out this object a bazaar was held at Alnwick, in October, 1840, under the most distinguished patronage ; the proceeds amounting to upwards of £800. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Rothbury, is valued in the Liber Eegis at £13 lis. 3d., gross income £599. The parish register commences in 1 658, and the patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle. Eev. Eichard Goodenough, M.A., vicar. The Vicarage is a neat residence, situated west of the church. Whitttingham School was erected in 1850, at the expense of Lord Ravensworth, who contributes £10 per annum for the education often poor boys, and Lady Ravensworth subscribes £12 yearly for the tuition of twelve poor girls of the township. The vicar also pays for the education of several of the poorer children. There is a library in connexion wdth this school ; it is under the patronage of the Hon. H. T. Liddell, M.P., contains 300 volumes, and is supported by subscriptions. William Terneut, schoolmaster and librarian, Ann Ternent, schoolmistress. EsLTNGTON is a hamlet in this tov/nship delightfully situated about two miles w^est of Whittingham. It w^as formerly the villa and manor of a family which bore the local name, but we find that a mediety of it was possessed by one of the Pleselrigge family in 1413. It was afterwards the property of the ancient family of Collingw^ood, who held it till the attainder of George Colling- wood, in 1715, when it was purchased by Colonel George Liddell, a younger son of Sir Thomas Liddell, of Eavensworth, who left it to his nephew the late Sir Henry Liddell, whose son Sir Thomas Henry Liddell, wlio w-as created Baron Eavensworth in 1821, is the present possessor. Eslington House, the residence of the Hon. Henry Thomas Liddell, M.P., is an elegant freestone structure, in a modern style of architecture, erected in 1720, and is situated in a beautiful lawn, surrounded by handsome pleasure grounds, through which the Aln flows. From the north side of the house extensive views of the fertile vale of Whittingham, and the surrounding country may be obtained. Thrunton is another hamlet in this township one mile and a half south- east of Whittingham. '\.: Charity. — Matthew Hedley by his will dated 6th March, 1827, gave 'to the churchwardens of W^hittingham £100, to be laid out by them in govern- ment securities, and the interest given to the poor of Whittuigham every Christmas-day for ever. Post Ofpice, Whittingham.— Frances Taylor, postmistress. Letters arrive here' from Alnwick, at ll-4t3 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 6 p.m. Biggs John, millwright Chambers James, shoemaker ClarkRobert, blacksmith Dixon William, draper and grocer i;,.^ Dickinson Thomas, gamekeeper, Eslingibtt Errington Albert, woodman ' COQUETDALE WAED — SOUTH DIVISION. 669 Elliott William, constable for the uorth- ■west division of Coquetdale Ward Goodenough Eev. Kobert, M.A., vicar, Vicarage Gra}' Eobert, tailor Henderson George, tailor Henderson John, blacksmith Liddell Hon. Henry Thomas, M.P. Esling- ton House Moffat Mary, dressmaker Oliver Anthony, gardener, Eslington Pile Adam, vict. Castle Inn Eeid Thomas, joiner and cartva'ight Suthern William, joiner Svran Kobert, farm-steward, Eslington Tait James, tailor Taylor Frances, postmistress Taylor William, A'ict. Ternent William, schoolmaster Thompson Christopher, cooper and shop- keeper Farmers Allen Adam, Eslington Bell James, Low Barton Caull John, Eot Hill Cowley Eobert, Mountain Farm Morrison Dickinson Palhster William, Flowbalk Eoss James Stephenson John, Thrunton Sv/anson William and Thomas, Thrunton Mill Rankin Ealph, Whittingham Lane Waugh Edward, Thrunton Low Field Y/etheritt George Wetheritt Luke, Mount Holly Carrie E to Newcastle, Robert Ord. COQUETDALE WARD— SOUTH DIVISION, ELSDON PAEISH. Elsdon, an extensive parish forming the whole south division of Coquet- dale Ward, is bounded on the north by Holystone chapelry, on the west by Eamshope and Scotland, on the south by Tindale Ward, and on the east by Hothbury. The parish, which is about 20 miles in length, and from six to twelve miles in breadth, comprises an area of 74,917 acres, and its population in 1801, was 1,694; in 1811, 7,821 ; in 1821, 1,848; in 1831, 1,724; in 1841, 1,680; and in 1851, 1,643 souls. It embraces the townships of Elsdon Ward, situated on a branch of the river Reed ; and those of Monkridge Ward, Otterburn Ward, Rochester Ward, Troiighend Ward, and Woodside Ward. It is an extensive vale, enclosed on the nortli side by an irregular ridge of hills, and on the south by a ridge much more regular. The hills on both sides are of considerable elevation, and invariably clad in heath, except a small part of those near the source of the river Reed, where they begin to participate in the nature of those in Roxburghshire. Several brooks, or burns, fall into the Reed from the hills on both sides. The parish appears to have been at one time almost an entire forest, and several remnants of it still remain on the banks of the Reed, consisting of birch, alder, and willow, with 670 COQUETDALE WAED — SOUTH DIVISION. here and there a mountain ash. In the forests of the Reed and the Tyne, were reared those brave and dexterous archers, who often tried their skill with the bold rangers of Ettrick Forest : — '' " In Eedesdale his youth had heard |j Each art her wily dalesmen dared ; ,.^'' When Eooken-edge and Reedswair high, . " To bugle rung, and bloodhound's ciy, Announcing Jedwood's axe and spear, And Lid'sdale's riders in the rear ; And well his venturous Hfe had proved The lessons that his childhood loved." Scott. Some years ago this parish displayed little else than large neglected heaths and extensive morasses, which exhibited the most desolate appearance ; but the spirit of improvement moved over these uncultivated wilds, large tracts of barren moor were enclosed, and converted into grazing gi'ound for the rearing and feedmg of cattle and sheep. This parish contains some fine seams of coal, and there are numerous collieries throughout the district. Limestone and ironstone also abound here. Elsdon Waed is a township and village in this parish, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Charles William Ord, Esq., Robert Delisle, Esq., the trustees of Rothbuiy Grammar School, and several freehold proprietors. It contains 6,404 acres, and its rateable value is £2,103. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 267 ; in 1811, 325; in 1821, 299 ; in 1831, 306; in 1841, 282; and in 1851, 313 souls. The lordship of Elsdon was formerly the property of the Clennell family, from whom it passed to the Greys of Chilliugham, and afterwards to Charles Howard, Esq., of Overacres, whose son sold it to the first Duke of Northumberland, in whose family it still remains. The Village of Elsdon is pleasantly situated eighteen miles W.N.W. of Morpeth. It is supposed to have been a Roman town in the time of M. Aurelius Antonius, and was probably the first of a chain of forts between Watling-street and its eastern branch, called the Devil's Causeway. At a short distance north-east of the village is an entrenchment designated Moat Hill ; it is of a conical shape, surrounded by a moat, or ditch, and is supposed to have been used as a watch-hill and place of sepulture by the Romans. There are also several other " remains" in the neighbourhood. The market is held on Tuesday, and a fair for cattle, sheep, linen, and woollen cloth, is held on the 26th of August. The Chukch, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is a large, ancient, cruciform structure, and having lately undergone extensive repairs, is now in a good state of preservation . The living is a rectoiy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfame and deanery of Rothbuiy, valued in the Liber Regis at £20 ; gross income, £700. The tithes were commuted in 1839, aggregate amount £800. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; rector, the Rev. John Baillie, M.A. ; curate, the Rev. Robert S. Moore, B.A. The Rectory House is the ancient castle of Elsdon. It is a square embattled tower, and on its front are sculptured the arms of the Umfravilles. Here is a school under the patronage of the rector, who gives £20 per annum towards ELSDON PARISH. 671 its support. Tliere is also a library containing 160 volumes, which is supported hy subscriptions. William MofFett, schoolmaster, librarian, and parish clerk. Chaeities. — Martin Hall, in 1703, bequeathed a rent charge of Jgl 4s. to the poor of this parish ; and John Hedley, in 1746, left £40, the interest of which was to be distributed amongst the poorest people in Elsdon Ward and Woodside Ward, either on St. John's day or Easter Monday, at Elsdon Church. Through the insolvency of a person to whom this money was lent, only £7 10s. was devoted to the purposes of the charity. This sum was placed out, and its interest, amountmg to 7s. 6d. per annum, is divided amongst the poor of the two divisions above mentioned. ■'- Post Office, Elsdon, Hector Clsirke, postmaster. Letters arrive, from Newcastle, at 2-30 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 4-40 p.m. Amos Andrew, shopkeeper Baillie Eev. John, M.A. Elsdon Tower Bahintine John, tailor Garr George, clogmaker Charlton Matthew, shopkeeper Clark Hector, shopkeeper Davidson Isaac, blacksmith, &c. Davidson Isaac, juur. blacksmith, &c. Dodds Thomas, joiner and cartwright Hargreave William, tailor Keith Thomas, vict. farmer, and registrar of births and deaths, Croion Inn Moffett William, schoolmaster Moore Kev. Kobert S., B.A. curate Eobson Kobert, vict. Scotch Arms Scott John, shoemaker Slassor Wilham, tailor Taylor George, boot and shoemaker Thompson and Jackson, coal owners, Cat Pool Waugh John, stonemason Whaley John, vict. and carrier, Bird in Bush Inn farmers 2tTarked * are yeomen. Brown James, West Dudlees Charleton Michael, Whitlees ♦Charleton Peter, North Eiding *Charleton Eichard, Whiskershield *Charleton Thomas, East Todholes Davidson John, Elsdon Faill WiUiam, East Nook Hall Alexander, and miller, Elsdon Mill Hall Hannah, Land Shot Hall Eobert, Burn Stones Hedley John, junr. South Eiding * Hedley Wilham, Middle Eiding ♦Nicholson Ealph, Hudspeth ♦Storey Henry, Henning Hall Thompson John, Hill Head MoNKRiDGE Ward is a township one mile and three quarters west by south of Elsdon. It comprises an area of 5,451 acres, and its rateable value is dei,3yi. Population in 1801,98; in 1811, 109; in 1821, 109; in 1831, 106; in 1841, 111 ; and in 1851, 93 souls. The principal proprietors are Nicholas R. Reed, Esq., Sir Walter Trevelyan, Bart., Charles W. Ord, Esq., Nicholas Maughan, Esq., and Henry and Edward Storey, Esqs. This town- ship consists principally of luxuriant pastures, and was formerly the property of some religious establishment, the ruins of which, in the shape of hewn stones, are found here. Monkridge Ward produces coal and ironstone in large quantities. Here are the remains of a large entrenched camp, but whether Roman or British it is not determined. Directory. — The farmers in this township are James Atkin, Hole ; Robert Hedley (and overseer), Monkridge ; George Green, yeoman and vict. Stcufs' Head, Realees ; William and Edward Green, Realees ; John Stokoe, Dyke Nook ; William Watson, Ravenscleugh ; and Robert Woods, Halls Hill. 072 COQUETDALE Y7AED — SOUTH DIVISION. Otteeburn Waed is a township and small village tlie property of tlie Duke of Nortliumberland, Eobeit Delisle, Esq., Eicliard B. Sanderson, Esq., Lord Decies, Lord Redesdale, T. Wilkinson, Esq., Thomas James, Esq., the Misses Davidsons, Messrs. Murray, Messrs. Storey, and Mr. William Hedley. The township contains 8,517 acres; its rateable value is ^£'2,870, and the number of inhabitants in 1801, was 364; in 1811, 397; in 1821, 388 ; in 1831, 385 ; in 1041, 412 ; and in 1851, 415 souls. The manor of Otterbum was the property of the Umfravilles at a veiy early period, but wo find that it was possessed by the Crown in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, since which period it has belonged to several families. This township is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Reed water, and contains the remains of many old "Peels" and "Cairns." The Village of Otterburn is on the north bank of the Eeed three miles west of Elsdon. Here is a United Presby- tei'ian chapel, erected in 1834, upon a site given by Thomas James, Esq., of Otterburn Tower. This place is celebrated as the scene of a desperate contest between the English and Scots, under the command of Henry Percy and Earl Douglas, in which the former was taken prisoner and the latter killed. The battle was fought by moonlight on the 19th August, 1 388. Half a mile from the village, in a stunted wood, and about one hundred yards from the road, stands a ruined cross of some twenty or thirty feet high, to mark the spot where Douglas fell. An avenue has been left in the wood from tbe road to the cross, to allow those who love to trace the scenes of ancient poesy and story, to visit the spot, where, according to one of the best ballads in our language — " Leading life, Earl Percy took The dead man by the hand, And said— Earl Douglas, for thy life Would I could give my land." Otterbukn Tower, a fine old mansion, ornaments the village. Anderson Eobert, yeoman and Vict. JPcrcy Arms Boiston Dorothy, carrier Coward E. S. Esq. Otterburn Dean Christie Eev. Anthony (Presbyterian) Ferguson James, schoolmaster Hickson Thomas, blacksmith James Thomas, Esq., Otterburn Tower Lambert Eobert, tailor Marshall John, gamekeeper Mitchell John, surgeon Mitchell Mai'garet, grocer, di'aper, and postmistress Eobertson Ed^rard C, surgeon Eobson William, joiner Thompson William, boot and shoemaker nallace James, joiner Waddle William, woollen manufacturer, Otterbum Mill Waddle Thomas, shopkeeper Farmers Anderson Archibold, Shuttle Heugh Brodie Joseph and Jas. Monkridge Hall Brodie Michael and Joseph, Hedrington Brown Thomas, Davyshield Clark Hector, and John, Davyshield Fon-est and Eedshaw, Close Head Hedley Geoi'ge, Town Head Heron James, Soppit Patterson John and James, Overaeres Eutherford Eobert, Cole Well Hill Thompson John, Farneycleugh Tumbull William, Hope Foot ELSDON PAllISH. ,073 Rochester Ward is a town&hip and Tillage, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Lord Eedesdale, Ralph Carr, Esq., the heirs of the late Nicholas Dodd, Esq., Robert Delisle, Esq., John Davison, Esq., Cuthbert Elli- son, Esq., A. C. Forster, Esq., Y\^. Ord, Esq., Lord Decies, and others. The township contains 23,068 acres, and its rateable value is £4,246. Population in 1801, 379; in 1811, 4:^7; in 1821, 491; in 1831, 467; in 1841, 437; and in 1851, 446 souls. The Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor. The Village of Rochester is situated seven and a half miles W.N.W. of Elsdon, and in its neighbourhood are a few remains of the important Roman station Bremeuium, where, during some excavations which were made about two years ago, many coius, altars, &c. were brought to light. This station occupied the brow of a steep rocky hill, commanding the pass of Redesdale. Steep and rugged hills rise upon every side except the south, where the Reed pursues its course through a d...•.• 1,487 10,382 7,000 4,929 9,110 11,464- 37,976 12,526 4,852 55 258 316 75 181 453 315 402 301 135 658 841 179 383 1,130 849 955 900 U9 ' 704 924 201 442 1,192 883 1 980 ' 1,005 284 1,362 1,705 380 825 2,322 1,732 1,941 1,911 CarliRiH •■.•• «... Chatton Gliillii!i'''l'iani •..>••.«>• Ford GLENDALE WARD.— EAST DIVISION. CHATTON PARISH. Chatton parish is bounded on the north by Lowick and Doddlngton parishes, on the west by Wooler and Eglingham, on the south by Eglingham and Chilhngham, and on the east by Bambrough and Belford parishes. It is about seven and a half miles in length by the same in breadth, and has an area of of 17,090 acres. Population in 1801, 1133; in 1811, 1,378; in 1821, 1,460; in 1831, 1,633; in 1841, 1,725; and in 1851, 1,765 souls. It comprises the townships of Chatton, Fowberiy, Hazelrig, Hetton, Hetton House, Horton, Lyham, and Weetwood, whose returns are included in those of the parish. This district is intersected by the river Till, a rapid stream, ^Yhich rises southward of the Cheviot Hills/ and is fed by various springs CHATTON PAIIISH. 677 om that wild expanse of coiintiy, as it encompasses it at a considerable stance, till it falls into the Tweed, below Conihill'. This river flows through pleasant valley in the midst of a rude, encircling waste, and its banks ^re lorned by several villages. In the neighbourhood of the Till, the soil is rtile and w^ell cultivated, but the east and west per lions of the parish are jnerally sterile and heathy. Coal and limestone are found in this district. CiiATTON, a township and village in the parish of the same narne, is the L'operty of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. HE Village of Ghatton is situated near the river Till, four miles east of k^ooler. The Chuech, dedicated to the Holy Cross, is a neat modern edifice, :ected in 1763, and the parish register commences in 1715. The living is Lcarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, rated I the Liber Regis at £1'2 6s. O^d. ; gross income £1 99. Patron, the Duke f Northumberland ; vicar, the Rev. Matthew EurreK In March 1814, as le sexton was digging a grave on the north side of Chatton Church, he found stone coffin, containing the remains of a human body, about ten inches slow the surface. It was secured and neatly covered vrith three stones, 'he skull was almost perfect, but nearly full of w^ater, and the teeth of the pper jaw w^ere a full set; the thigh bone measured eighteen inches. The irth being carefully examined, one of Robert Bruce's silver pennies was )und, as also a steel spur, and several relics of ornamental brass and iron-work, apposed to be the remains of the helmet of the warrior who had been in- 3rred in tbe coffin. • The Rev. Joseph Cook, of Newton Hall, vicar of Ihatton, offers the following remarks on the discovery of this ancient stone offiu. "Tn 1318 Robert Bruce and his adherents had been excommunicated y the Pope for contumacy to the messengers of his holiness, and having ssaulted and taken the fortress of Berwick, as w^ell as the Castles of Vark, Harbottle, and Mitford, and laid waste all the intervening country, it > probable that the warrior now alluded to, fell at this juncture, and that the icar of Chatton, on the strength of the above-named anathema, refused epulture to his remains in any other part of the consecrated ground, than bat of the north side of the church, the place in those times allotted, I elieve, for the unhallowed interment of excommunicated unfortunates." Post Office, Chatton.— Eobert Tindall, Poatmaster, re despatched at 4-0 p.m. Letters arrivs at ^-0 p.m., and 5eattie WiliiaiD, mason Jrown Jane, shopkeepei- lurrell Sev. Mattbev/, vicaf Iriuldey Barbara, shopkeeper ;olevin Wilham, tailor )avison Ann, shopkeeper )onaldson Joseph, schoolmaster )ouglas John, tailor )oug]as Mary, vict. Boot jibbison Thomas, shopkeeper jribson George, shopkeeper lall R. & Co. brick and tile manufactureris Henderson Thomas, vict. brewer and malster, Woolsinghmn Bell Jobson Robert, gardener Jobson Williani) boot and shoemaker Muckle Charles, mason Muckle John, tailor Muckle Robeii, tailor Nesbit James, baker Patterson William, mason Pyle George, blacksmith Priugle William, mason Hogerfa Miss Elizabeth 678 GLENDALE WARD — EAST DIVISION. Eogers Nicholas, nursery and seedsman Taylor William, saddler ~ Tate James, shopkeeper Tindall Eobert, grocer and draper Wood John, butcher Wilson John, joiner Young Rev. David, (Presbyterian) Farmers .Anderson George Chartres Thomas, Eeddish Hall Dixon Edward, Sandy ford Douglas J^Iary Gilholm Edward, Bridge Earm Laidler Thomas, Henlaw Maddison Thomas, Wandon, Eowberry New Hall, and Blakelaw Marshall John, Chatton Pai'k Pyle George Eogers Nicholas, Ammerside Law Tindall John, and miller, Broom House Cold:m:aetin township is situated one mile south-east of Wooler, and the principal residents are Richard Henderson, farmer; Mr. Christopher Hopper ; and Elizabeth Millican, farmer, FowBERRY is a township two miles east by south of Wooler, the property of George Cully, Esq., of Fowherry Tower. This place was the manor and estate of William de Fowherry, in the reign of Edward L, of Robert de Fowherry, in the time of Edward IV., and of William de Fowbeny, in 1524. From the I'owberry's, it passed to the Strothers, of Kirk Newton, and about eighty years ago became the property of the family of the present proprietor. Fowberry Tower, the residence of George Culley, Esq., is pleasantly and romantically situated on the south bank of the Till. Directory. — George Culley, Esq., Fowbeny Tower ; Richard Beattie, mason ; Mrs. Helen Darling, Fowberry Tower ; Andrew Steel, blacksmith ; Mr. Edward Johnson, Claveriug's Cottage ; and the farmers are Margaret Clark, Moor; James Moffitt, Fowbeny Main; and J. A. and J. Robinson. Hazelrig township, the property of Lady Stanley, and the executors of . William Bayley, Esq., is situated six miles north-east of Wooler, and its principal inhabitants are George Johnson, schoolmaster; James Purvis, blacksmith; and the farmers are George Davison, South Hazelrig ; Alexander Ford, and corn miller, Hazelrig Mill; and William Nicholson, North Hazelrig. Hetton township is situated five miles N. N. E. of Wooler, and is the property of Fairfax Feaniley, Esq. It contains the small hamlets called Hetton- Law, Hetton Steads, Coal Houses, and Crook Houses. — The principal resi- dents are John Cuthbertson, joiner, cartwright, and farmer, Coal-Law ; Robert Bowie, farmer, coalowner, and limebunier, Hetton-Law, and Crook House ; James Henry, blacksmith ; Thomas Henry, farmer, Coal House ; and Thomas and Ralph Moffett, farmers, Hetton Steads. Hetton House, a small township three and a half miles E. N. E. of Wooler, is the property of George Culley, Esq., and is occupied by Richard Henderson, farmer. HoRTON is a townsliip and hamlet the proj)erty of George Culley, Esq. This estate was formerly held of the barony of Vesci, for half a Knight's fee, by William de Tuber\dlle, and it afterwards became the property of a junior branch of the Greys of Chillingham, coming ultimately into the possession of the present proprietor. Of the once strong castle of Horton scarcely a CmLLINaHAM PAElSH. 6T9 vestige now remains. The Hamlet of Horton is situated three miles nortli- east of Wooler. DiEECTORY. — Mrs. Mary Ann Berwick ; Edward Lillie, blacksmith ; and William Turnbull, farmer. Ltham township is situated six miles E. N. E. of Wooler. The principal residents are Thomas Aitchison, farmer ; Ralph Craig, farmer, North Lyhara; and David Turnbull, farmer, West Lyham. Weetwood is a township situated two miles north-east of Wooler. An annual fair is held at Weetwood Bank, on Whit Tuesday, when there are very large shows of cattle, horses, and sheep. Servants are also hired at this fair. Weetwood Hall, the seat of Major Ord, is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the Till. Directory. — Major John B. Ord, Weetwood Hall; and the farmers are George Bone, Weetwood Hill ; and Thomas F. Ord, Weetwood Hall. CHILLINGHAM PARISH. Chilltngham is a small parish bounded on the north by Chatton, on the west and south by Ellingham, and on the east by Bambrough Ward. It is a fertile and well cultivated district, comprising the townships of Chillingham, Hebburn, and Newton, whose united area is 4,926 acres. The population in 1801, was 451; in 1811, 301; in 1821,356; in 1831, 477; in 1841, 459; and in 1851, 380 souls. This decrease of population is attributed partly to the employment of fewer labourers on farms which have been laid down to pasture, and partly to the reduction of the* establishment at the castle. Chillingham is a township and village in the parish of the same name, containing in 1801, a population of 299; in 1811, of 119; in 1821, of 146 ; in 1831, of 199 ; in 1841, of 217 ; and in 1851, of 158 souls. It is the property of the Earl of Tankerville, and its acreage is returned with the parish. Chillingham manor was formerly held under the barony of Vesci by the Henter- combe family, and afterwards passed to the Greys of Wark, one of whom, Sir William Grey, was raised to the peerage in 1623, by the style and title of Lord Grey, of Wark. On his death, in 1674, he was succeeded by his son, w^ho, in 1695, was created Viscount Glendak, and Earl of Tankerville. These titles became extinct in 1701, on the death of the first earl without male issue. His only daughter having married Charles Bennet, Lord Ossulston, the title and dignity of Earl Tankerville was revived in his favour in 1714. His son Charles, the next earl, was Lord-lieutenant of Northumberland, and Knight of the Order of the Thistle, but he died in 1753, and was succeeded by his son Charles, upon whose demise in ]767, the family honours and estates devolved upon his son Charles, who dying in 1822, was succeeded by his eldest son Charles Augustus Bennet, the present Earl of Tankerville, who is a privy councillor, and has been treasurer of the Queen's household. The family of Bennet, was originally of Clapcot, in Berkshire. The Village of Chillingham is situated four and a half miles east by south of Wooler. The Church is dedicated to St. Peter, and the parish register 680 GLENDALE WAED— EAST DIVISION. commences in 1 696, The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Bambrough, is vakied in the Liber Eegis at £4 ; gross income £340. Patron, the Bishop of Durham. Kev. Wilham Dodd, vicar. In the chm'ch= there is a beautiful raised tomb of alabaster, curiously ornamented, over one of the ancient family of the Greys, barons of "VVark. The Parish School is a neat stone building erected in 1835, at a cost of £300. The Earl of Tankerviile gives £10 per annum for the education of ten poor children, W. G. Thomson, teacher. Chillingham Castle, the seat of the Earl of Tankerviile, stands on a fine eminence, surrounded by trees. It is a square heavj- structure of Elizabethan architecture, four stories high in the wings and three in the centre. There is here a marble chimney-piece, in sawing which, a live toad of large size was found. The nidus in which it lay has been filled up with cement, but a painting of this wonderful phenomenon is preserved in the castle. There are here also good portraits of Bacon, Burleigh, Buckingham, King Charles I., and James II. On a rocky eminence, at the head of the park, is a circular double entrenchment called Boss Castle, which was undoubtedly a fort of the ancient Britons, for Ross, both in the old Celtic and in the Gaelic, signifies a promontory. Chillingham park contains a large herd of deer, and is cele- brated for the only uncontaminated breed of \Yild cattle in the kingdom. This breed is called the white Scottish bison. There is a vague tradition that they were originally enclosed from the Northumbrian, or Caledonian forests, in the reign of King John, or Henry III., when the park was first surrounded; but their existence here has long been considered an interesting problem of natural history. The general opinion is, that they are remnants of the ancient breed of wild oxen, w^hich, in earlier periods, pastured over the country, particu- larly in its northern parts. The herd possesses all the characters of the wild species, by hiding their young, feeding by night, remaining in security by day, and changing their positions when anyperson approaches, even ata great distance. In some parts of the park they will, however, allow persons to come within ,% moderate distance, when they snufi the wind, and it alarmed retreat witE great velocity, taking advantage of the irregularities of the ground, by which they are soon concealed from sight. They are described as beautifully sliaped, having short legs, and a straight back, and their horns differing from those of ordinaiy cattle ; the muzzle of the animal is brown, the ears are red, and the body is of a pure white. When any of their number become old or dis- eased, the rest of the herd will set upon it, and gore it to death, and in addition to all these characteristics of wild cattle, they appear to. be of ^ species quite distinct from the English oxen. i2i Post Office, Chillingham. — Thomas Forster, postmaster. Letters arrive at 1 p.m^, and are despatched at 4-30 p.m. f! Directory. — The Eight Hon. Lord Ossulston, ChiUingham Castle ; Bey,_'^ Bobert Dodd, vicar ; Robert Bowie, gardener to the Earl of Tanker\illej^ "VVilham Hardy, baihff to the Earl of Tankerviile ; Mr. William G. Greep^f The Barns; George Jeffrey, blacksmith ; Mr. John Jeffrey; an4>Yill^^'- George Thompson, schoolmaster. - - 1 — - DODDIL'GTON PARISH. ' 681 Hebburn is a to\Ynsliip and hamlet tlie property of the Earl of Taiikerville. The population of the township iu 1801, ^Yas 121 ; in 1811, 84; in 1821, 93 ; in 1831, 137 ; in 1811, 108; and in 1851, 107 souls. The Hamlet of Hebburn is situated one mile and a half south-east of Chillingham. Directory. — William Bogue, farmer, Hebburn Bell ; Robert Chisholm, farmer, Hebburn Town Farm ; and John Mellors, gamekeeper. Newton is a township and hamlet in Chillingham parish, and the number of Its inhabitants in 1801, was 101; in 1811, 98; in 1821, 117; in 1831, 141; iu 1^1^ 134; and in 1851, 115 souls. The HAMLET'-of Newton is three and a quarter miles south-east of Wooler. The principal residents are William Forrest, farmer and corn miller ; Robert Morton, boot and shoemaker; Thomas Smith, farmer, and brick and tile manufacturer ; and Paul Thompson, blacksmith. DODDINGTON PARISH. DoDDiNGTON parish is bounded on the north by Lo^Yick, on the west by Kirk Newton, on the South by Wooler, and on the east by Chatton. It con- tains 9,110 acres, and its population in 1801, was 734; in 1811, 887; in 1821, 865; in 1831, 903; in 1841, 941 ; and in 1851, 895 souls. It comprises the townships of Doddington, Earle, Ewart, Humbleton, and NeslDit, and is remarkable for its fertility. Doddington is a township and Yillage in the parish of the same name, the property of the Earl of Tankerville, who is also lord of the manor. The township contains 4,798 acres, and the number of its inhabitant in 1801, was 339; in 1811, 403; in 1821, 419; in 1831, 426; in 1841, 441; and in 1851, 397 souls. There is an important coal mine in this township. The Village of Doddington is pleasantly situated three miles north by east of Wooler. The Church was enlarged and beautified in 1838, by which means 12Q additional sittings were obtained, and in consequence of a grant from the " Incorporated Society for promoting the enlargement, building, and repairing of churches and chapels," 105 of that number are declared free and unappropriated for CYcr, in addition to ninety sittings formerly provided forty- five of which were free. In this church are deposited the remains of Horace St. Paul, Esq., of Ewart Park, and Anne his wife, as also the remains of their son Henry Heneage St. Paul, Esq. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Bambrough, gross income £200. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; incumbent, the Rev. William Procter, M.A. The National School is a neat stone building erected by subscrip- tion hi 1851, at a cost of £400. Towmxls this amount the National Society gave £35 ; Durham School building society £30 ; Sir Horace St. Paul £100 ; the Bishop of Durham £30 ; Lord Crewe's trustees £20 ; and Lord Ossulston gave the ground. The school will accommodate 120 children, average atten- dance 70 ; John Cairns, teacher. The late Robert Thorp, Esq., left a bequest of £50 to the Rev. William Propter, M.A., for educational purposes in the parish of Doddiiigton. ^.^.^ ... 682 GLENDALE WABD — EAST DIVISION. Post Office, Doddington. — William Pattie, postmaster. Letters arrive at 1 p.m. and are despatched at 4 p.m. Blair George, shopkeeper Boyd James, farmer, South Doddington Burrell Robert, cornmiller & farmer, Dod- dington Mill Cairns John, schoolmaster Cock John, vict. and joiner, Cock Inn Dixon Henry, shoemaker Fish Robert, boot and shoemaker, grocer and draper Hardy James, tailor Pattie William, shopkeeper Pringle James, tailor Procter Rev. William, M.A., incumbent, Glebe House Purvis Francis, shopkeeper Rea Charles, farmer, North Farm Rea George, farmer, Doddington Moor; ho. North Middleton Straughan George, blacksmith Earle is a township containing 1,240 acres, the property of Charles Selby, Esq., and William Roddam, Esq. It is situated one mile and a half S.S.W. ofWooler, and its population in 1801, was 61; in 1811,70; in 1821, 60; in 1831, 86; in 1841, 80; and in 1851, 49 souls. For many generations, Earle was the property of the Swinburne family, from whom it passed to the present proprietors. Directory. — David Brown, farmer, North Earle; David Hownan, farmer; Geoi'ge Luke, farmer and corn miller, Earle Mill ; and Robert Thompson, farmer. EwART is a township and hamlet the property of Sir Horace St. Paul. The area of the township is 1,612 acres, and its population in 1801, was 140; in 1811, 154; in 1821, 150; in 1831, 173; in 1841, 176; and in 1851, 157 souls. The Hamlet of Ewart is finely situated on the south side of the river Till, about one mile and a half west of Doddington. Ewart Park House the seat of Sir Horace St. Paul is a beautiful edifice situated between Ewart and the Coldstream Road. The St. Pauls are a Warwickshire family, and their original name was Paul, but by an act of parliament, passed in January, 1 768, they were authorised to prefix the name of Saint to that of Paul. In February, 1814, two swords were found at Ewart Park; they seemed to be a compound of brass and copper, the handles quite wasted by time. They were twenty- one inches long from the handle to the point, and were found in a perpendi- cular position, as if stuck down on purpose. One of them was presented to the Antiquarian Society of Newcastle. Directory. — Sir Horace St. Paul, Bart., Ewart Park ; George Robson, land agent, and agent to Sir Horace St. Paul, Bart., Ewart Park and Galewood ; William Hutchinson, blacksmith ; Thomas Stawart, farmer, Newton Ewart ; and James Tait, farmer, Ewart Thirlings. HuMBLETON is a township and village comprising 784 acres, the property of Matthew Cully, Esq., and John G. L. Blenldnsop, Esq. The population in 1801, was 141 ; in 1811, 195; in 1821, 184; in 1831,171; inl841, 185; and in 1851, 159 souls. ^ The Village of Humbleton occupies an elevated situation one mile west by north of Wooler, and in its vicinity are some remarkable remains of antiquity. On a gentle eminence near Humbleton Burn, is an entrenchment, called Green Castle, and on an adjoining hill is an ancient circular encampment with a large cakn. The hill is cut into LOWICK PARISH. 688 several terraces, eacli twenty feet deep, rising one above anotlier. In the plain below, a stone pillar has been set up to commemorate a sanguinary battle fought here, in 1409, between the Scots under Earl Douglas, and the En'^lish under Lord Percy and the Earl of March, in which the former were defeated. The conflict was so bloody, that the field has received the name of Eedriggs. In 1811, an urn and a stone coffin, enclosing a gigantic skeleton, were discoyered here. Hall Mr. George Hall Mr. James Lillie Joliu, blacksmith, Low Humbleton Kogers Thomas, joiner and q.artvfright, Low Humbleton Sanderson Mr. Andrew Sanderson Mr. ^Vi]ham Smart George, corn miller Tully Walter, mason Wightman James, cattle dealer Farmers Bell William and Joseph Short James, Humbleton Buildinc Stonehouse John Wightman James, Noble Lands ISTesbit township is situated four miles north by west of Wooler. It con- tains 776 acres, and the landov\n_iers are the Messrs. Clarke of Newcastle. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 63 ; in 181 1, 65; in 18S1, 53; in 1831, 47; in 1841, 59 ; and in 1851, 63 souls. DiEEeTORY. — James Grey, Esq. ; Kimmerston. LOWICK PARISH. LowiGK parish comprises the townships of Barmoor, Bowsdon, Holborn, and Lowick ; and is bounded on the north by Islandshire, on the west by Ford, on the south by Doddiugton and Chatton, and on the east by Belford. Its area is 12,526 acres, and its population in 1801, was 1,382 ; in 1811, 1,519 ; in 1821, 1,799; in 1831, 1,864; in 1841, 1,941; and in 1851, 1,941 souls. The soil consists chiefly of a loamy clay, and the surface presents a bleak and monotonous appearance. There was a new colliery opened here, in 1854, called Licker Colliery. Baemoor is a township and village, the property of the Marquis of Water- ford, and Francis Sitv/ell, Esq. The manor of Barmoor was formerly possessed* by the Muschampe family, but in 1630, it passed from them to the Cookes, and afterwards to the Fipps family, becoming ultimately the property of the present proprietors. Tbi] Village of Barmoor is situated one mile west of Lowick. At this village the Lords Marchers of the northern counties 8.ssembled in 1417, with an army of 100,000 men, to chastise the Scots for attacking and dispersing a body of English near Roxburgh. The Scots, who had just passed the borders, retired on hearing of the approach of this formidable array. About a mile west of Barmoor is a remarkable hill, called the Watch Law. The name imports that it has been used as an exploratory, to observe the motions of the enemy, and to alarm the country by a fire-beacon. Barmoor Castle, the seat of Henry Heathcoate, Esq., is a stately and elegant structure, situated in the midst of beautiful plantations, a little to the west of the village. . ; 2 T 684 GLENDALE WARD— EAST DIVISION. Archer Robert, boot and shoemaker, South Cottage Bickexton George, \'ict. Bed Lion Heathcoate Henry, Esq., Barraoor Castle LoTvrey "VViUiam, Esq. surveyor and land agent Lyall Henry, blacksmith Oliver William, grocer and draper, West Cottage Bay John, East Cottage Salsbury Charles, farmer, coal owner, lime- buraer, and brick and tile manufacturer, Bed House Thompson Andrew, joiner. East Cottage Farmers Brown Messrs. Gatherick Bickerton George, Barmoor Moor Gray Edward, Bricken Stead Glaholm Luke, South Moor Gustard Andrew, Barmoor Buildings Gustard William, Dunsdale Lock John, Barmoor Ridge Lyall Henry, Moss Hall Lvall James, Barm.oor Buildings and ^Yood End Xevin Thomas & Brothers, Barmoor Mill Salsbury Charles, Bed House Turnbull Da^'id BowsDON, a township and village, the property of John Majoribanks, Esq., Coldstream; Henry Gregson, Esq., Low Linn ; and William Lowrey, Esq., Barmoor. The Village of Bowsdon is situated two miles north-west of Lowick, As some workmen were levelling a barrow about a quarter of a mile north of this village, in 1800, they found two urns inverted upon broad flags, which appeared to have been partially burnt. Previous to this another funeral uni was turned up by the plough at Bowsdon Hollins. Bell Jane, schoolmistress Cowans Andrew, joiner and cartwright Drysdale Henry, blacksmith Eish Thomas, vict. Black Bull Inn Foreman William, vict. Lamb Inn Hills Bryan, butcher, baker, and grocer Hooper John, boot and shoemaker Lowrey John, land agent Mathison John, cattle dealer, Licker Moor Mathison Thomas, farm steward Nelson Wilham, boot and shoemaker Pringle John, schoolmaster Robertson Thomas, shoemaker and grocer Thompson Peter, tailor Tindle James, boot and shoemaker Webster Thomas, manager; Old Drybum Lime Works Young William, blacksmith Farmers Allen James Brown Thomas, West Farm Lyall James, Wood End Mathison Adam, Bowsdon Hall Muckle John, Bowsdon Town Farm Middlemiss Thomas, Bowsdon Moor Caeeler to Beewick, W. Fish, on Saturdays HoLBOEN is a township and village, the property of John Joliffe Tuffnell, Esq., Essex, and was for many generations possessed by a family that bore the local name. The j)opulation of the township, in 1851, was 160 souls. The ViLLAaE of Holborn is situated at the southern extremity of the parish, two and a half miles south of Lowick. Laverick Law is a hamlet in this township, two miles south of Lowick. Directoey. — James Sinton, vict. Thg Horse ; and the farmers are Ralph Chisholm, Holborn Grange ; James and William Bone, Laverick Law ; Mans- field Gray, West Farm ; George Haveiy, and miller, Holborn Mill ; and Joseph Patrick. Lowick is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of Sir Edward Haggerston, Ellingham ; James Grieve, Esq., Ord ; and Henry Jackson, Esq., Lowdck. The population of the township in 1851, was 949 souls. LO'WICK PARISH. 685 The Village of Lowick occupies a central position in the parish, and is situated nine and a half miles south of Berwick. The number of its inhabit- ants in 1851, was 720 souls. The CriuRci-i, a neat edifice, rebuilt in 1794, contains 500 sittings and the parish register commences in 1718. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, rated at £11 10s. ; gross income, £150. The patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Durham ; Rev. George Jenldnson, incumbent, for whom the Rev. John Caswell, B.A., officiates. Here is a Scotch Pees- BXTERiAN Chapel capable of accommodating about 800 persons. The congre- gation attached to this place of worship forms one of the oldest dissenting congregations in England, being originally formed by the Rev. Luke Ogle, minister of Berwick, who, having resigned his charge there in 1661, in conse- quence of the Act of Uniformity, retired to his pa^ternal estate at Bowsdon. The nucleus of a congregation was first privately formed, and afterwards a chapel was erected where Barmoor Castle now stands, but the congregation having considerably increased, it was considered requisite to build a larger chapel, which v,^as accordingly erected at Lowick, about 1741, and having become much dilapidated, the present commodious chapel was built by sub- scription, in 1821. Rev. William Hownam, minister. The English Peesby- TEEiAN Chapel is a wooden structure capable of accommodating 400 persons Rev. John Eraser, minister. The National School is a neat stone building, erected in 1842, and possesses sufficient accommodation for 120 children- Matthew Wilson, teacher. There are also three other schools in the parish. Post Office, Lowick, Charles Coulter, postmaster. Letters arrive at 12-30 noon, from Berwick, by horse post, and are despatched at 7-30 p.m. Archer AVilliam, tailor and sexton Armstrong George, butcher Atkinson Robert, hoot and shoemaker Blair George, blacksmith Cairns Ellen, grocer and baker Cornet WiOiara, saddler Caswell Rev. John, B.A. curate. Parsonage Coulter Charles, vict. White Swan Craig John, relieving officer for the Ford district of Glendale Union, assistant overseer for Lowick parish, and registrar of births, deaths, &• marriages for Glen- dale Union Craig Robert, miller, Lowick Mill Drjden Robert, mason and builder Fordyce John, grocer and draper Forman Thomas, butcher Forman Thomas, vict. St. Paul's Arms Fraser Rev. John, (Presbyterian) Fulton George, farm steward Galbraith John, boot and shoemaker Galbraith Robert, joiner Gibson Edward, career Gibson William, vict. Plough Gordon Edward, butcher Grey Mary, vict. Golden Fleece Harris John, saddler Hastie George, slater Havery John, boot and shoemaker Hay Luke, butcher Hay Michael, m.ason Henry Robert, tailor Hogg James, senr. joiner and cartwright Hogg James, junr. cabinet maker & glazier Hownam Rev. William, Scotch Church Jewers William, tailor Jackson Mr. Henry, Lowick Villa Lisle Robert, grocer, draper, and tailor Laidler John, grocer, drapei', and joiner Maclarn Thomas, shopkeeper McDonald John, niolecotcher McDougal Thomas, schoolmaster Maclarn George, tailor Murray William, shopkeeper Nesbit George, joiner Og Easton, poultry dealer Patrick George, draper, grocer, and baker Pearson Thomas, boot and shoemaker Pearson Thomas, tailor Sanderson Ehzabeth, vict. Blach Bull C86 GLENDALE WARD— EAST DIVISION. Scott Jonathan, carter Stevenson Eobert, farmer, lime burner, and coal owner, North Field Wake John & Sons, masons Weatherburn Peter, boot and shoemaker Wilson George, surgeon Wilson John, blacksmith Wilson Matthew, schoolmaster aod parish clerk Wright Thomas, horse dealer Farmers Anderson William, South Moor Boyd William, Lowstead, South Farm Craig Alexander, Brownridge Cairns John, High Stead Hay Luke Henderson Edward and Nicholas J. Lowick House Hogg Geo. Hunting Hall ; ho. West Eyloe Phillips George, North Farm Sanderson Edward and Brothers, Lowstead North Farm Sanderson Robert, North Field Farm Carriers to Berwick, Jas. Pattie and Wnl. Smiths on Wednesdays and Saturday WOOLER TOWN AND PARISH. WooLER is a small parish, comprising au area of 4,852 acres. The Earl of Tankerville is the proprietor of Wooler, and lord of the manor, and the Messrs. Clarke, of Newcastle, are the owners of Fenton. The population of the parish in 1801, was 1,679; in 1811, 1,704; in 1821, 1,830 ; in 1831, 1,926; in 1841, 1,874; and in 1851, 1,911 souls. The Town of Wooler occupies a healthy position, on the eastern declivity of the Cheviots, forty-six miles N.N.W. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and consists of several streets, diverging from a central area used as a market place. Wooler was one of the baronies into which this country was divided at the period of the Norma,n Conquest. It was granted by Henry I. to Robert Muschampe, and subsequently possessed many valuable members, which were held in capite of the barony by knights' service. The family of Muschampe becoming extinct, in the reign of Edward I., Wooler was transferred by marriage to the Earl of Strcithern, Odiual de Ford, and Walter de Huntercombe. It subse- quently became the property of the Hewells, the Scropes, the D'Arcys, and the Percies, from the latter of whom it passed to the family of the present possessor. Two stone coffins were recently discovered at Humbleton Buildings, near Wooler. They were found six feet below the summit of a round liill, and were formed of slabs of hard sandstone belonging to the district. In each coffin there was the skeleton of a human being, bent up, the knees resting upon the stomachy and the arms placed nearly round the neck. On exposure to the atmosphere these remains of mortality crumbled into dust. In January 1853, another stone coffin, containing a portion of a skull and a few fragments of bones, was discovered on the summitt of a Knoll, called the "Pipers Knoll," on the farm of Bromfield, little more than a mile east from Dunse. The Pakish Church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a neat and commodious edi- fice, erected in 1765, near the site of the old church which was destroyed by fire. It was enlarged and beautified in 1835, by which means 500 additional sit- tings were obtained, and in consequence of a grant from the Incorporated Society for building and repairing churches and chapels, 233 of that number are free and unappropriated for ever, in addition to 200 sittings formerly pro- vided, the whole of which are free. Rev. John Samuel Green, M.A. vicar. WOOLER TOWN AXD PARISH. ' 687 The Catholic Diocesan Mission House, St. Ninian's, is situated at the -west end of the town, but it is intended to commence immediately the erection of a new church, on the vacant ground adjoining the present chapeL Rev. James Chadwick, Edward Consitt, and Robert Suffield, priests. There is a school attached to this chapel, John Mc Sweeney, teacher. The Presbyterian Church (Knglish) w^as erected in 1818, at acost of J£l,200, and is capable of accommodating 680 persons, Rev James A. Huie minister. The day school attached to this place of worship, is attended by about ninety-five scholars. William Duncan teacher. The United Presbyterian Chapel is a commodious edifice, containing 800 sittings, Rev. James Muirhead, minister. There is a second United Presbyterian Chapel, capable of accommodating 400 persons Rev. James Robinson, and the Rev. Peter Whyte, ministers. The Baptists have also a Meeting House here. The National School was built in 1886, at a cost of £400. There is a house for the teacher, and the school is sufiiciently commodious for 150 children. Joseph Young, teacher. Wooller possesses two libraries, ''The Mechanics'," at Mr. William Brand's, established in 1828, contains upwards of 1,200 volumes on various subjects, and is supported by fifty-five subscribers, who pay five shillings per annum, William Brand, librarian ; and "The Sub- scription Library," held at Mr. William Wightman's, Post Office. The Gas W^rks were erected in 1846, at a cost £1,400, by a company of 200 shareholders, at £5 per share, and £400 additional capital. The shops were lighted on the 26th of November of the same year, and the town in February, 1847. Mr. Morton, secretary. The Glendale Poor Law Union comprehends forty-five parishes and townships, embracing an area of 142,305 acres, and a population in 1851, of 14,348 souls. The townships and parishes are Akeld, Brandon, Branton, Branxton, Bewick New, Bewick Old, Carham, Chatton, Chillingham, Colds- mouth and Thompson's Walls, Coupland, Crookhouse, Doddington, Earle, Ew^art, Fawdon Clinch and Hartside, Ford, Grey's Forest, Heathpool, Heb- burn, Howtell, Humhleton, Ilderton, Ingram, Linhop and Greenshawhill, Kilham, Kirk Newton, Lanton, Lilburn East, Lilburn West, Lowick, Middleton Hall, Middle ton North, Middle ton South, Milfield, Nesbit, New- ton West, Newtown, Paston, Reaveley, Roddam, Rosedon, Selby's Forest, Wooler, Wooperton, and Yeavering. The Union Workhouse occupies a healthy situation at the west end of the town. It is a fine commodious building, erected in 1839, and will accom- modate about seventy persons : there are at present fifty inmates. There is a school attached for the education of the pauper children. Governor and schoolmaster, Mr. George Paxton ; matron, Margery Allan ; surgeon, James Alexander ; clerk, William Wightman ; relieving officer and registrar, Thomas Carr. The County Court is held at the Anchor Inn every alternate month. Judge, James Losh, Esq., clerk; Henry Ingledew% Esq., assistant clerk; William Wightman, baihff ; Robert Gardiner. The New Prison is a neat av .A.i/i ^wJmxJ iyx/mj- 688 GLENDALE WAED EAST DIVISIOJS'. stone building, erected in 1850, at a cost of £1,000, and is used for tlie detention of prisoners, previous to tlieir committal to Morpeth. A court is held here once a month for general purposes. Robert Gardiner, constable. , Maekets and Fairs. — There is a corn market every Thursday. Cattle and horse markets on the third Thursday in January, the third Thursday in February, and the third Thursday in March. There is a High and Wool Market held on the 27th of June, and a wool market on the first Thui-sda.y in July. This market is subject to alteration, in consequence of the neighbouring markets falling ^pon the same day. There is also a high mar- ket on the second Thursday in March. Whitsun Bank fair is held on the third Monday in July, and there are annual fairs on the 4th of May, for the hiring of servants, and the sale of horses and cattle ; and on the 17th October for the hiring of servants, and the sale of sheep, horses, and cattle. Charities. — In the parliamentary returns of 1786, is is stated that Mrs. Chisholme bequeathed £100, for teaching six poor children of this parish, then vested in the Rev, Mr. Cleeve, and producing £5 per annum. This sum appears to have been lost by the insolvency of the person above named, but we are informed, by the Charity Commissioners, that the poor have not hitherto suffered loss from this circumstance, as the yearly sum of £5 was given annually to supply this loss, by the late Bishop of Durham, and the same payment has been continued by the present bishop. Magistrates Grey George A. Esq. Milfield Hill Blagdeii John C. Esq. Eord Castle Hodgson Eichard, Esq. Gregson Henry Knight, Esq. Low Lynn Knight Rev. Thomas, Ford Hughes George Hughes, Esq. Middlcton Robinson Rev. Christopher, Kirk Newton Hall Thompson -John, Esq. clerk, Wcoler WOOLER DIRECTORY. Post Office, Woolee, Mr. William Wightman, postmaster. Letters arrive from the North and South at 12-15 noon, and are despatched at 5-30 p.m. Money Order OflBce open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Miscellany Allan Thomas, carpenter Anderson Thomas, manager, Gas "Works Archhold James, draper Armstrong Wilham, rope maker Bartram Thomas, gardener Bell James D. brewer and maltster Bolton Margaret, straw-hat maker Bolton Miss Martha Brown Andrew, vict. Plough Inn Brown Robt. vict. Eoyal Arms, auctioneer, printer and farmer Burn Mr. Jeffrey Carr Thomas, relieving officer,and registrar of births and deaths for the Wooler district, and mai'riages for the Glendale Union Chadwick Rev. James (Catholic) Chartress Thomas, baker Consitt Rev. Edward (Catholic) Cosser Mr. John Cowan Mr. Thomas Diamond Edmund, painter and paper- hanger Dickinson George, excise officer Dixon John, general smith and beer re- tailer Fail William, baihfif to the Earl of Tan- kerville Foster Christopher, wine and spirit mer- chant, and agent to the Globe Fire and Life Insurance Office Gallon Wilham, collector of taxes, and parish clerk WOOLEE DIEECTOET. Gardiner Robert, constaLle aud bailiff Green Eev. Jobu Samuel, M.A. vicar Halliday James, weaver Hastie Peter slater Hogarth William, stonemason Horner Patrick, superintendent constable Huie Eev. James A. (Presbyterian) Innis Ann, straw bonnet maker Johnson Miss Eliza Logan Mrs. Agnes Lindsay Ann, straw-hat maker Manderson Mr. WiUiam Mc Alinder Hugh, broker Mitchell Mr. Alexander Moffett Mr. Arthur Moffett John, cooper, and dealer in glass and china Muirhead Eev. James (Presbyterian) Paxton George, governor of the union workhouse and school master Pond Frederick, excise officer Eea Miss Elizabeth, Mount Pleasant Eea James, biscuit baker, and assistant overseer Eichardson Thomas, stonemason Eobertson Eev. James (Presbyterian) Eobson William and Thomas, plasterers Eogers Charles, nursery and seedsman Rogerson Eichard, last maker Eule John, slater Scott James, baker Scott Eobert, cattle dealer Shield EUzabeth, straw hat maker Shield Mr. George Short Margaret, corn miller Short William, towncrier Sinclair WilHam Dalziel, Black Bull Inn, Commercial and Posting House Simm George, cartwright Simm Margaret, straw hat maker SufBeld Eev. Eobert (CalhoUc) Tait Thomas, wool carder Thompson Andrew, hairdresser Thompson John, solicitor and clerk to the magistrates Thompson Joseph, hat manufacturer Thompson Thomas, cooper, and glass and china dealer Tunnah George,tailor and innkeeper. Three Half Moons Turner Mrs. Elizabeth Wightman WiUiam, clerk to the guardians, County Court, and Insurance agent Whyte Eev. Peter (Presbyterian) Young Andrew, vict. Bed Lion Inn Young Hannah, dressmaker Academies Catholic, John B. M'Swee- ney Cock William Duncan AVilliam Laidlaw Wilham, & surveyor National, Joseph Young Turner the Misses, Day and Boarding Union, George Paxton Auctioneer and Appraiser Brown Robert Blacksmitlis Briggs John, & whitesmith Dixon John Glaister Stephen Knox James Booksellers & Stationers Brand Wilham Carr John and Charles Little Crighton, and News Agent Boot and Shoemakers Chisholm John Davidson William Elliott John Lee Andrew Marshall Wilham Mills William Nichol George Pringle James Rankin Eobert Watson Alex. & Clogger Butchers Hook John Rutherford John Wightman William Cabinet Makers Hall Henry and George Law John, Hugh, & George Grocers Marked* are also drapers Archbold John, & tea dealer and ironmonger Brand William Foster Christopher, and tea dealer *Gowens John E. Henderson George, and tea dealer *Hilton James *Eobson James lutherford "V^ Tait Thomas Farmers Brown John Carr William Jobson William, Turvelaws Morton Selby, Brick Sheds Eea Charles, Way-to-Wooler; ho. Doddington Eutherford John & Jaanes, The Cottage Hotels, Inns, and Taverns Anchor, Ann Gallon Angel, Stephen Pearcy Black Bull, Commercial & Posting House, William Dalziel Sinclair Masons' Arms, Sarah Eutherford eoo GLENDALE WARD — WEST DIVISION. Plough, Andrew Brown lied Lion, Andrew Young Royal Arms, Eobert Brown Seven Stars, William Gallon Sun, John Farrington li'ursery & Seedsman Eogers Charles Plumliers and Glaziers Patterson Eobert, and iron- rnonger Watson John N. & painter Watson Thomas Printer Brown Eobert Saddlers & Harness Makers Hateley Eobert Morton Eichard Sinclair ^Yilliam Dalziel TanJcerville Arms, John & James Eutlier^ ford -- . ;■-■-.■ Three Half Moons, George Tiinnali Wheat Sheaf, Margaret Elmsley jr/2ifeHo?"se, Thomas Hobson \. *^'"" JSliopkeepsrs Davidson William Hutchinson Ellen Innes Charlotte Laidlaw William Meikle George Pringle Thomas Smart Jane Surgeons Alexander James Brow-n Joseph Tailors Atkinson Luke Faimington John ^~'i^:./ijjiq 3111 Grieve John ;; r I y^^r .^.r. Grieve Thomas Innes William Pringle Thomas Scott Ealph Tunnah George ^ tj ^ Watson-WiUiam '^^r^'^^,. Veterinary Sutg^ite h n, Glaister Thomas " '^3cKj.jJ,-.j Telfor James ' " "Watch & Clock Makers Brodie John Tmrnbull Eichard Carriers'to the following places Alnioick — John Brown and John TnrnbuU, on Fridays Belford — Thomas Eutter, Monday, Wed- nesday, Friday, and Saturday Berwick — James Henderson,. Wednesday and Saturday Coldstream — John Tnrnbull, on Monday Newcastle — George Faii-nington, on Tues- day Coaches. — An Omnibus leaves the Black Bull dailj', at 5-30 p.m. (conveying Her Majesty's Mail) for Alnvdck, returning each day at 12-15 noon. H. Atkinson, and W, D. Sinclair, proprietors. An Omnibus leaves the Sun Inn every Saturday morning at eight o'clock, for Berwick, returning the same day. Selby Fairnington, proprietor. Fenton, a township in Yfooler parish, is situated nearly four miles north by west of Wooler. Its acreage, population, &c., are included in the parish returns, and the Messrs. Clarke, of Newcastle, are the landowners. The principal residents are William Cockburn, corn millei ; Henry Weatherburn, blacksmith ; and the farmers are James Laidler, Eenton Demesne ; Matthew Laidler, Fenton Hill ; and Thomas Laidler, Fenton Town Farm. GLENDALE WARD— WEST DIVISION. BRANXTON PARISH. BnANXTON a small parish on the borders of Scotland, comprises 1,487 acres, the property of John Collingwood, Esq., and the trustees of the late R. C. Askew^ Esq. Its population in 1801, was 209 ; in 1811, 261 ; in 1821, 253 ; in 1831, 249 ; in 1841, 261 ; andin 1851, 248 souls. This parish possesses no dependent townships, and the manor of Branxton was anciently the property of the Selby family. The Village of Branxton is situated nine miles nortli-west by north of Wooler. The Church, dedicated to St, Paul, is avery neat edifice occupying caeSaM Parish. 691 the site of the ancient church, vfhich was taken down and the present struc- ture erected, in 1849, at a cost of £470. The living is a vicarage, with the curacy of Cornhill annexed, in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Korham, valued in the Liher Regis at £o 6s. 8d. , gross income £350. The patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter, of Durham ; incumbent, the Rev. Robert Jones. The register of this parish commences in 1739. On the Slst June, 1524, the Scots, in number about 500, crossed the Tweed near this place, and concealed themselves in convenient places, for the purpose of plundering the traders as they passed to the fair of Berwick, by which they obtained much spoil besides prisoners, but before they got home, the young Lord of Fowberry with a party of English, surprised them, and after a sharp skirmish the Scots were defeated ; two hundred of their number being either slain or taken prisoners. Near the village stands a monumental column commemorative of the victory achieved over James II. of Scotland, by the Earl of Surrey, on the 19th September, 1513. It is a rough upright pillar of basalt, six feet seven inches high. See Uetherslaw. Branxton was the birth place of the ingenious Percival Stockdale, vicar of Lesbury and Longhoughton ; his father was vicar of this parish. Fairnington John, joiner Hardy John, tailor Jones Rev. Robert, vicar, Vicarage Marshall Robert, blacksmith Matthewson George & Sons, grocers and drapers Patterson James, schoolmaster Pringle Thomas, shoemaker Farmers Brown Henry, Branxton Buildings Brown James, Branxton Hill Buckley WiUiam, The Allotment Robinson Andrew, and grocer Richardson William, Branxton Moor . CARHAM PARISH. Cahham parish Is situated at the north-west angle of the county, being bounded on the north and west by Scotland, on the south by the Beaumont rivulet, and on the east by the parishes of Branxton and Ford. It is about six miles in length by four in breadth, and comprises an area of 10,382 acres. Its population in 1801, w^as 1192 ; in 1811, 1,316 ; in 1821, 1,370 ; in 1831, 1,174; in 1841, 1,282; and in 1851, 1,362 souls. This parish is not, strictly speaking, divided into townships, but it contains the following villages and hamlets, viz :— Carham, Downham, Hagg, East and West Lear- mouth, Mindrum, Moneylaws, Bresson, Shidlaw, Tithebill, Wark, and Wark Common, whose returns are all included in those of the parish. The ViiiLAGE of Carham is pleasantly situated on the south bank of the river Tweed, thirteen miles north-w^est by north of Wooler. A most decisive battle was fought here in the year 1018, between the English and Scots, in which the latter ^ere victorious, and almost all the men capable of bearing arms between the Tees and the Tweed were slain. The death of Bishop Aldhune is ascribed to his violent grief on the issue of this conflict. In 1297 the Scots under Wallace, having made an irruption into England, des- troyed a monastery of Black Canons which had been founded here, subor- dinate to the priory of Kirkham, in Yorkshire. The spot upon which 692 6LEND,\LE WARD ^N^^EST DIVISION. Wallace and his soldiers encamped is, to this day, called Camp Field. At a fair held at Roxburgh, in August, 1371, one of the followers of the Earl of March, was slain hj some of the English borderers. The earl applied to Lord Henry Percy, warden of the English Marches, for redress of this injury, ^but no satisfactory answer being given, the Scot resolved upon revenge. Waiting the return of the fair in the following year, he and his brother the Earl of Murray, accompanied by a considei'able body of their friends and followers, attacked the town by surprise, killed all the English they found in it, set it on fire, and carried off in triumph its spoils. The English borderers, in resentment of this outrage, soon after entered Scotland, and ravaged the lands of Sir John Gordon, who in his turn made an incursion into the English borders, but as he was returning wdth many prisoners and a great train of cattle, he w-as attacked at Carham by a superior force, under the command of Sir JohnLilburn. Theconflict was fierce, and its decision long doubtful, the Scots being driven from their ground, and returning again to the charge five different times. At last, however, they prevailed, and added to the number of their prisoners. Sir John Lilburn, his brother, and many of their followers. The Church dedicated to St. Cuthbert, occupies a fine position near the banks of the Tweed. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham ; gross income £248. Patrons, the executors of A. Compton, Esq. ; incumbent, the Rev. Francis Thompson, L.L.B. ; curate. Rev. John Smeddle, B.A. The parish register commences in 1684. Carham Hall is the seat of Mrs. Catherine Compton. Directory. — Rev. Francis Tbomason, L.L.B., incumbent; Rev. John Smeddle, B.A., curate; Mrs. Catherine Compton, Carham Hall; Richard Hodgson, Esq., Carham Hall; James Marshall, blacksmith; and James Whitehead, farmer, Howburn. DowNHAM, a hamlet in this parish situated five miles south-east of Carham, is in the occupancy of Robert Hall, farmer. HAGa is a hamlet in this parish five miles E.S.E. of Carham. Learmouth (East) is a hamlet in the above parish situated three miles and three-quarters east of Carham. The principal residents are James Pillar, blacksmith ; and William Smith, farmer. Learmouth (West), a small hamlet three miles east of Carham, was at one period a considerable market town ; but in consequence of the introduc- tion of the system of throwing several small farms into one of great extent, the adjacent country has become almost depopulated. A neglected burial ground still points out to the traveller the former importance of this place. It is occupied by John Lumsden, farmer. MiNDRUM, a hamlet in this parish, the property of the Earl of Tankerville, is situated five miles south-east of Carham. Here are the ruins of a chapel and a neglected cemetery. Principal resident, James Thompson, farmer. Moneylaws hamlet is situated five and a half miles east by south of Car- ham, and is divided into Old and New Moneylaws, which are respectively occupied by John Logan, amd A. F. Douglas, farmers. Presson is a hamlet two miles and three-quarters south-east of Carham. CAEHAM PAEISH. 693 Tt is occupied by William Lumsdeii, farmer, Presson Mill ; and John Taylor, ^farmer. .^^ Shidlaw another hamlet in this parish, is situated one mile east of Carham. Its name is supposed to have been Shield Law, which denotes a guard hill, and it appears to have been the only j^lace to which the people of Carham, during the border feuds, could retire with their cattle, on the approach of an enemy. There is a beautiful and extensive prospect into Scotland from this hamlet. ,^Thomas Henderson, farmer, is the principal resident. '!.', TiTHEHiLL, a hamlet two and three-quarter miles south of Cornhill, is in ^liie occupancy of George Davidson, farmer- 4 Waek, a village in Carham parish, is situated on the southern bank of the Tweed, two miles W.S.W. of Coldstream, and was in ancient times a place of some consequence, but is now inconsiderable. The manor of Wark was formerly held by the Nevilles from whom it passed to the De Ros family, during whose possession it was raised to the rank of a barony, but was sub- sequently transferred to the Greys of Heton, and is now the property of the Earl of Tankerville. The ruins of "Wark Castle occupy a circular eminence near the Tweed, a little to the west of the village. The period of its erection is unknown, but from several notices which we have of it in history, it appears to have been a place of considerable strength at the commencement of the twelfth century. On the accession of Stephen to the English throne, David, king of Scotland, drew the sword for the rights of Matilda the empress. He had sworn to support her claim to the crown, and at the beginning of the year he crossed the borders, reduced Carlisle, Norham, Wark, Alnwick, and iSTewcastle, compelling the inhabitants to take an oath of fealty to the daughter of Henry. He had reached the walls of Durham, when he was opposed by Stephen at the head of a numerous army. The risk of an engage- ment obliged him to pause : if he was the nncle of the empress, so was he likewise of the consort of her antagonist ; a peace was speedily concluded, and to cement the friendship of the two kings, Henry, Prince of Scotland, did homage to Stephen, and received from him the towns of Carlisle, Doncaster, and Huntingdon After remaining quiet for nearly two years, David, urged, it is said, by Matilda's letters, once more entered England, and began a series of cruel ravages scarcely to be paralleled in the annals of war. He invested the castle of Wark, but not being able to capture it he marched southward, with the main body of his army, and penetrated as far as Yorkshire. In this expedition the Scots conducted the war wdlh the greatest ferocity. Thurs- ton, the aged archbishop of York, took advantage of the general horror and indignation, and assembling the neighbouring barons, persuaded them to face an enemy whom hitherto they had despaired of vanquishing. Near North- allerton they heard of the approach of the Scots. The English immediately formed in front of the standard, from which the battle has derived its name. It consisted of a strong pole, or rather mast, firmly planted in the framework of a carriage, and surmounted by a cross. In the centre of this cross was fixed a box of silver, containing the sacrament, and below waved the banners of the three patron saints of the north, Peter, Wilfrid, and John of Beverley. 694 GLENDALE WARD WEST DIVISION. At the foot of the standard, Walter Espec addressed the troops; and at the conclusion of his speech, turning to another leader, AVilliam of Alhermarle, he gave him his hand, and exclaimed with a loud voice " J plight thee my troth, to conquer or die." The words were caught up and repeated from mouth to mouth with enthusiastic ardour. The Picts of Galloway commenced the hattle, which soon became general. Pressed and overpowered by superior numbers, the English retired slowly towards the standard, and there formed a compact circle. In vain did the enemy try to hew down the forest of spears that projected on ever}' side. Their efforts only exposed them to the unerring aim of the Saxon archers. For two hours they continued their attack, till spent by the useless labour and dismayed by the storm of arrows, they abandoned the contest and fled. Of twenty-seven thousand that began the fight, scarcely one half escaped the carnage. David >vas still able to continue the fight and sent a body of forces to besiege AVark castle. The assailants closely invested the place and pushed on the siege with great vigour; but the resistance of the garrison proved so stubborn, and their numerous sorties had such an effect upon David's troops, that he was forced to chajjge the siege into a -blockade. The brave garrison, however, would not yield, though their sufferings from hunger were most grievous ; but, through the intervention of the Abbot of Pievalle, they surrendered upon condition of being allowed to march out with all the honours of w^ar, — terms which David gladly conceded. On the evacuation of the castle it was immediately demohshed by the Scots, but was afterwards repaired by Henry II. in' whose reign the great convention for the settlement of the tenths, demanded by the English nionar<^h, was held here. King John reduced this castle to ashes, in l'2\6, but it appears to have been soon restored : for Robeii; de Eos, the governor, abandoned it, and went over to the Scots in the reign of Edward I, William, the brother of the above Robert, continued in the castle, which he held for Edward to whom he sent a message requesting speedy aid, lest the Scots, prompted and conducted by his brother, should make themselves masters of the place. The king immediately ordered a thousand men to march towards Wark. This force having reached in the evening, a little town in its neigh- bourhood, took up their quarters there for the night, not dreading any attack. But the traitor Robert de Ros, having intelligence of their situation, led a party of Scots from the garrison of Roxburgh, and having invested the village, set tire to the houses. The English flying from the flames, were slain by their enemies, and some by each other. Edward having intelligence of this disaster the morning after it happened, is said to have given thanks to God, that his adversaries, having entered his kingdom, had been the beginners of the war, which he hoped to conclude happily, and immediately mai'ched with his whole army to Wark, where he kept the festival of Easter, In 1318, Wark again fell into the hands of the Scots. On the return of David of Scotland from an incursion into England, in 1342, the rear of his army passing by Wark castle, vrith great loads of plunder, were seen by the garrison -with the greatest indignation. Sir Wilham Montague was at that time governor, and the countess of Salisbury, w^hose lord the fortress then CARIIAM PARISH. 095 belonged to, was a resident in the castle at the time. The governor, with forty horsemen, made a sally, attended with considerable slaughter, bringing into the castle one hundred and sixty horses laden with booty. Kiug David, incensed at this attack, led his army against Wark, and made a general assault, but met with a repulse, attended with great bloodshed. He then prepared to fill up the ditches, and bring his battering engines to play upon the walls. The imminent danger of the garrison, rendered it necessary to send information of their situation to the English monarch, who was approach- ing the borders wdth a great army. The place being closely invested, rendered such an attempt perilous, but it was effected by the governor himself, who, passing through the enemy's line, in , the darkness and tumult of a stormy night, carried intelligence to Edw^ard, who redoubled his speed to relieve the place. The Scots, unwihing to hazard the treasures they had reaped in their expedition, persuaded their Idng to raise the siege and pass the Tweed, wdiich was only effected six hours before the van of the English army appeared. In 1383, the castle was again attacked by the Scots and a portion of its fortifica- tions demolished ; they completely destroyed it in 1399, but it w^as subsequently restored and put in a state of defence by king Henry IV. In 1419, hostilities having commenced on the borders, Wilham Halliburton, of Fast castle, took the fortress of Wark, wdaich was then in the custody of Robert Ogle, and put all the garrison to the sv/ord ; but it w^as soon recovered by the English, who, from a perfect knowledge of the place, made their way by a sewer which led from a kitchen into the Tweed, and surprising the garri- son, put them all to death, in revenge for their cruelty to Ogle's troops. In J 460, the Scots collected great booty in the marches, and among other castles which they assailed, Wark was taken and demolished. It was aftewards repaired by the Earl of Surrey: but, in 1523, the Scottish arm}^, then lying at Coldstream, under the command of the Duke of iVlbany, resolved to attempt its reduction. At this period we are told that " in the innermost area vrcs a tower of great strength and height, this was encircled by two walls, the outer enclosing a large space, into which the inhabitants of the country used to fly with their cattle, corn, and flocks in time of war, the inner was of much smaller extent, but fortified more strongly by ditches and towers. It had a strong garrison, good store of artillery, and other things necessary for defence." The Scottish commander sent against itba,ttering cannon, and a chosen band of Scots and French to the number of 4,000, under the command of Andrew Ker of Farnherst. The French carried the outer enclosure at the first assault, but they were dislodged by the garrison setting fire to the straw laid up therein. The besiegers soon recovered it, and by their cannon effected a breach in the inner w^alL The French, with their usual intrepidity, mounted the breach, sustaining great loss by the shot of those who possessed the tower, or keep, and being warmly received by the forces that defended the inner balUum, were obliged to retire after great slaughter. The attack was to have been renewed on the succeeding day ; but a fall of rain in the night, which swelled the Tweed and threatened to cut off the retreat of the assailants to the main army, and the approach of the Earl of Surrey at the head of a strong force, obliged the 606 GLENDALE WARD— WEST DIVISION. Duke of Albany to raise tlie siege and retreat into Scotland. The present remains of Wark castle do not convej an idea that it-conld possibly at any time have been a considerable fortress, but such it most certainly was. At what time it was dismantled and thus totally destroyed is not known ; but most probably it was one of the strongholds ordered to be demolished by king James VI. of Scotland, on his accession to the crown of England. "\Yark School was erected, in 1854, at an expense of £70, and is a neat stone edifice, capa^ble of accommodating about 1-10 children. It is under the patronage of Lord Ossulston, Earl Grey, and Hodgson Hiude, Esq., and is conducted by Mr. Alexander Simpson. Waek Common, ^here there is a small hamlet, is situated nearly two miles south-east of Carham. Allan Eobert, tailor Clarke Thomas, beer retailer Davidson John, shopkeeper Dove William, farmer Fullerton Thomas, hoot and shoemaker Lauder William, tailor Logan John, blacksmith McDougall Eobert, joiner Nickell John, farmer, Wark Common Ord Edward, tailor Scott James, vict. Salmon Simpson Alexander, schoolmaster FORD PARISH. FoED parish is bounded on the north by Norhamshire, on the west by Branxton, on the south by Doddington and Kirknewtou, and on the east by Lowick. It comprises an area of 11,466 acres, and its population in 1801. was 1,903 ; in 1811, 1,860 ; in 1821,1,807; in 1831, 2,110; in 184], 2,257 : and in 1851, 2,322 souls. The lands here are fertile, and contain valuable seams of coal, and beds of slate, limestone, whinstone, and freestone. This parish is divided into three freehold estates, viz.: Etal, Ford, and Pallinsburn, which are subdivided into five constablewicks, namely, those of Crookham, Etal, Ford, Hetherslaw, and Kimmerston. Etal constablewick includes the whole of the Etal estate. Ford constablewick comprises Ford Mill, and all that portion of the Ford estate lying on the east side of the river Till. Kimmerston constablewick comprehends Kimmerston and Brooraridge. Hetherslaw constablewick includes the remainder of the Ford estate, west of the Till, except Crookham and Barelaw, which, with the Pallinsburn estate, constitute Crookham constablewick. Crookham is a constablewick and village comprisin Pallinsburn estate, and Crookham, and Barelees, wliich estate. The trustees of the late Pi. C. Askew, Esq. Pallinsburn. The Village of Crookham is situated tvv'o miles W.N. W. of Ford, and nine miles N.N.W. of Wooler. The Presbyterian Chapel is a good commodious building capable of accommodating about 1,600 persons, liev. William Edmonds, minister. There is a day scliool attached to this chapel, John Hardy, teacher. The National School is a good stone building, and will accommodate 120 pupils. Average attendance, 85 children. It is used as a chapel of ease to Ford Church, the minister of which oflficiates here. Pallinsburn Hai^l, an elegant modem brick structure, is pleasantly situated in the whole of the belong to the Ford are the owners of I'ORP PARISH. 697 the midst of beautiftil pleasure grounds. Iii its vicinity there is a fine lake, which, from March to Autumn, is frequented by numerous flocks of blaek- headed gulls. The mausion is at present occupied only by servants, the heir to the estate being a minor. Barelees, Bird Nest, Bruce's Castle, Keek Out, Mardon, and Pallinsburu, are hamlets in this constablewick. Marshall James, blacksmith, Pallinsburn Railston Jas. gamekeeper, Mardon Cottage Eobertson William, vict. Red Lion Smith Thomas, farmer, Mardon Steel Alexander, tailor Steel John, joiner Trotter Alexander, gardener Tulip EHzb. farmer, EastHeldjPallinsburn Wilson George, shoemaker Whitehead Ann, grocer Winter Kobert, vict. Wheat Sheaf Allan W^illiam, blacksmith Douglas Wilham, baker, grocer, & butcher Edmonds Eev. William, (Presbyterian) Erizell Robert, schoolmaster Graham Stephen, shoemaker Grieve Peter, farmer, Barelees Harbottle John, joiner and cartwright Hardy John, schoolmaster Mason Thomas, land agent and farmer, PaUinsburn Logan Ann, vict. Blue Bell, Pallinsburn Caeriee. — To Berwick, William Eobson, on Saturdays. Etal is a constablewick and village, the property of the Earl of Glasgow. The manor of Etal was formerly possessed by the Manners family, who held it under the barony of Wooler, for the annual service of half a knight's fee. One of this family. Sir Robert de Manners was governor of Norham Castle, in the reign of Edward III., and on the night of Edward's coronation he completely routed a party of Scots who attempted to obtain possession of the fortress under his charge. For this, and several other important services, he was rewarded by the King with a grant of land in the Berwick bounds, and afterwards represented Northumberland in Parliament. On his demise his estates and honours devolved upon his son John, one of whose successors Eobert de Manners, for his services on the borders, received a portion of the forfeited estates of Sir Ptobert Ogle. This Robert was a firm adherent of the house of York, opposing the Lancastrians on every opportunity. He married Eleanor, the eldest daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Lord Roos, and had by her a son George, who espoused Anne, daughter of the Duchess of Exeter, and had by her Thomas, Lord Roos, who havhig livery of all the manors, estates, and castles, which came into his family by Eleanor, his grandmother, and Isabel his aunt, was advanced to the title and dignity of Earl of Rutland, in 15'25. In 1546 we find the Etal estate was possessed by Thomas Carr, Esq. ; it was crown property in 1667, but it shortly afterwards passed to Sir Robert Carr, Knt., on whose death it was again sequestered, and not restored till a composition of £539 8s. 7d. was paid for it in 1653. Sir William Carr, son of the Sir Robert just mentioned, erected Etal House, and left an only daughter, who was espoused, in 1762, by James, Earl of Errol, whose second son succeeded to this estate on the death of his maternal grandfather, in 1797, but on the demise of his elder brother, in 1798, he became Earl of Errol, and in accordance with his grandfather's will, relinquished the Etal estate in favour of his sister, who died in ISOI. Her son and heir survived her only six years, when the estate passed to his maternal aunt, who had married the Earl of Glasgow, in whose fg^mily Etal still continues. G98 GLENDALE WAED — WEST DIVISION. The Village of Etal is situated on the west bank of the river Till, nine miles N.N. W. of Wooler. Here is a Presbyterian Chapel, erected previous to 1740, and rebuilt in 1800. It is a commodious stone edifice, capable of accommodatuig about 650 persons. Rev. Thomas Robinson, minister. Etal School is under the patronge of Lord and Lady Fitzclarence, James Mack, teacher. The venerable ruins of the once imposing Castle of Etal, are situated at the v/est end of the village. This fortress is supposed to have been erected in 13-11, by Sir Robert de Mo.nners, and was, for a long period, the residence of the deputy warden of the marches. Two of its old towers and a portion of the court wall are all that remain to attest its former great- ness. Etal House, the residence of Lord F. Fitzclarence, is a plain stone mansion, surrounded by extensive plantations. Berry Hill, New Etal, Hay Farm, Letham Hill, Errol Hut, Rhodes, Slainsfield, and Watchlaw, are hamlets in this coustablewick. Post Office, Etal. — James Mack, postmaster. Letters arrive at 5 p.m., and are despatclied at 9 a.m. Aitchison William, blacksmith, Errol Hut Andersoa Geo. and Co. coal owners, Etal Colliery Black Thomas & Son, farmers, Hay Farm Fitzclarence Lord F. Etal House Dippie Adam, grocer Elliott Adam, shoemaker Hutchinson Thomas, shoemaker Jones John, gamekeeper Laidler Thomas, farmer, Letham Hill Lisle George, butcher Mack James, schoolmaster McLeod Mary, vict. Black Bull Ogden John Biss, farmer Berry Hill Paxton Matthew, gardener Eobinson Eex. Thomas, (Presbyterian), The Manse S]}ort Henry, farmer, Rhodes Short Henry, corn miller, Etal Mills Steel Thomas, farmer, New Etal TuUy John, joiner Wilson Robert, farmer, AVatch Law Ford is a coustablewick and village in the parish of the same name, the property of the Marquis of Waterford, who is also lord of the manor, and holds his courts leet and baron annuallj^ The manor of Ford anciently belonged to a family that bore the local name. It was transferred by marriage, to the Herons of Hadstone, one of whom v^^as captain of the castles of Bambrough, Pickering, and Scarbrough, and warden of the forests north of the Trent, as also Fligh Sheriff of Northumberland for eleven successive years. His son. Sir William Heron, was summoned to parliament, in the reign of Edward III., in 1371, and was ambassador to France, in the reign of Flenry IV. He died, in 1404, and was succeeded by his nephew, who was high sheriff of the county from 1441 to 1445 ; but he suffered attaineder, in J 461, for his attachment to the House of Lancaster, though his estates v/ere afterwards restored by Edward IV. On the demise of William Heron, in 1536, the estate passed by marriage to Thomas Carr, Esq., of Etal, after whose death it was claimed by George Heron of Chipchase, in virtue of an entail made by Sir William ITerou, in the reign of Henry VIII. The daughter and heiress of the above- mentioned Thomas Carr, Esq., married Sir Francis Blake, whose daughter Mary married Edward Delaval, Esq., after whose decease, in 1808, Ford was FOi^D PARISH. 699 possessed by Ids relict ; and, on her death, in 182-3, it passed to her grand- daughter, the Marchioness of Waterford, on whose demise, in 1827, it became the property of the Marquis of Waterford, the present proprietor. The Village of Ford is situated on an eminence on the east bank of the Till, where there is a good stone bridge seven miles N. N. W. of Wooler. The situation of this village is very picturesque ; and its old castle, with the beautiful scenery by which it is surrounded, are much admired. The Chutch dedicated to 8t. Miclmel, was enlarged and beautified in 1852, at an expense of £1,500, and is now a very neat edifice. The Marquis of AVaterford, the Earl of Glasgow, the trustees of the late R. C. Askew, Esq., the church-building societies, and the parishioners were liberal subscribers towards its renovation. The parish register commences in 1G83 ; and the living, a rectory in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, is valued in the Liber Regis at £24 ; gross income, £628. Patron, the Marquis of Waterford, and the Rev. Thomas Knight, B.A., is rector. Ford School is attended by seventy pupils, of whom thirteen boys, and thirteen girls, are educated at the expense of the Marquis of Waterford. David G. Smith, teacher. Ford Castle, a seat of the Marquis of Waterford, is situated to the west of the village. It was erected in 1287, by Sir William Heron, and was re-edified by the late Lord Delaval. Two old towers are the only portions of the ancient structure remaining in the present edifice, which was erected in 17GI-4. The centre of the south front is formed by a semi-hexagonal projection, sur- mounted by square turrets. On the west side of the area, in front, is an old square tower, composed of two turrets, rising one above the other ; the upper one being so much less than that which supports it as to afford a spacious battlement. The area is encircled by a w^all, wdiich is protected by turrets placed at convenient distances, and at each corner there is a strong tower. The Castle of Ford is often mentioned in connection with the wars between England and Scotland. The Scots under the Earls of Fife, March, and Douglas, made an incursion into Northumberland, in 1385, and daring their progress demolished this castle as well as those of Warkand Cornhill. It was also captured by the Scots previous to the Battle of Flodden Field, and in 1549 the same enemy, under the command of D'Esse, a French general of great military skill, made an attack upon this castle, and laid the greater part of it in ashes. Ford Constablewick includes the village of Ford, and the hamlets of Ford Bridge, Ford Common, Ford Forge, Ford Mill, Ford Hill, Ford Moss, and Ford West Field. At Ford Moss there is a colliery, ^vorked by the Marquis of Waterford, which gives employment to about seventy individuals. Robert Allan, manager. Ford Moss School is under the patronage of the Marquis of Waterford, and has an average attendance of fifty children, John Kidd, teacher. AllauA. E. &• Co. grocers, drapers, and iron- 1 Allan Mark & sons, joiners and cartwriglits raongers,Foi*d Forge |, Ford Forge 2 u 700 GL END ALE WARD WEST DIVISION, Allan Robert, colliery agent, Ford Moss Aynsley Henry, stonemason Black James, cornmiller (T. & J. Black) ; ho. West Heaton Black John, farmer, Ford West Field Black John, spade and shovel manufacturer (Thomas Black and Sons) ; ho. Ford West Field Black Thomas and James, cornmillers, Ford Mills Black Thomas & Sons, spade, shovel, and agricultural implement manufacturers, Ford Forge Blackdew Eev. Fred. Chalfcnt, M.A. Ford Castle Blackdew John C, Esq. land agent. Ford Castle Carpenter Mr. Geo. Charles, Ford Cottage Chisholm Raph, junior, farmer. Ford Hill Cristal Thomas, fanner Cristal Thomas, vict. DelavaVs Ar7ns Drysdale WiUiam, grocer. Ford Common .Dunn Richard, gamekeeper Fish John, shoemaker Grey George, slater Hall Mark, stonemason Hunter Robert, shoemaker Hunter Robert, farmer, Fordwood Hutchinson Alexander, blacksmith Jackson Thomas, tailor Kidd John, schoolmaster, Ford Moss Knight Rev. Thomas, B.A., rector Neal Jonathan and Thomas, stonemasons Nesbit John, tailor Ormston John, forester Ruel Mr. John '- Rutherford Thomas, farmer, Roughtin Lynn Short Edward, joiner Smith David G. schoolmaster and parish clerk Smith John, gamekeeper Smith Samuel, tailor Struth Peter, grocer & draper, Ford Bridge Thomas William, bailiff to the Marquis of Waterford Tovms Mr. Nicholas Hetherslaw constablewick comprises the bamlets of Blinkbonny, Brick Sheds, Encampment, East, Mid, and West Flodden, Heulaw, Hetherslaw, Lmthaughs, Look-out, Mount Pleasant, Sandyford, and Oakhall. The Hamlet of Hetherslaw is situated one mile W.N.W. of Ford. Flodden Hill, in this neighbourhood, was the scene of the celebrated battle of Flodden Field, which was fought on the 9th September, 1513, between the English com- manded by the Earl of Surrey, Lord Dacres, and other noblemen ; and the Scotch under King James IV. This decisive conflict is sometimes called the battle of Branxton, as it was partly fought, and finally decided, by the death of King James, and the total defeat of his army near that place. James, the Scottish King, had long complained of Henry's retention of the jewels which his father had bequeathed to Margaret, the Scottish Queen, and was enraged at the recent death of Barton, his gallant admiral, the pride of Scotland, whom the English, accusing of piracy, had attacked and slain. Eager to vindicate the honour of his crown, James listened gladly to the proposal of France, and while Henry was still engaged upon the continent, crossed the borders with his army. The defence of England devolved upon the brave Earl of Surrey. ' When this leader beheld the strong position of the Scottish camp, with its \only accessible quarter bristling with cannon, he marched on as if for Scotland, and returned to attack the enemy on the opposite and unguarded side of the hill. James immediately occupied another of the Cheviots, and, having arranged his army into several distinct bodies, marched down to meet the charge of the Earl. After a brief struggle, a large body of the Scottish spear- men drove back the right wing of the English, while encircled with a gallant array, James pushed on, despite of all the efforts of his adversaries, to within a few yards of the royal standard. Notwithstanding the panoply in which he KIRK NEWTON PARISH. 701 and his followers were cased, the clouds of Eogiisli arrows sped not in vain ; yet still he pressed forw^ard, wdtli ranks ever closing as fast as his warriors fell. The billmeu of England tried their deadly w^eapons ; but no matter, the king toiled on, and with spear and battle-axe, with sword and mace, he hewed out or crushed down a bloody and difficult path. Vain, however, were his gallant efforts, the war-cry of the English thundered upon his rear, his spearmen had been swept away from the field, and the victors, exulting and resistless, were closing around him. Soon his ranks were broken, all w^as confusion and despair, and, amid the dead bodies of thirty of his faithful nobles, with his hands hacked in pieces, his head gashed with a bill, and his body pierced with arrows, the Scottish King yielded up his life. Six thousand horses, and a park of seventeen pieces of artillery fell into the hands of the conquerors. The loss of the Scotch was variously estimated at from eight to twelve thousand men, among whom were a great number of knights and gentlemen, seventeen lords, twelve earls, four abbots, and the archbishop of St. Andrews. Long did the Scotch tremble at the name of Flodden Field. Near to Branxton is a large upright pillar, erected as a memorial of this victory. On the summit of Flodden Hill is a natural rock called the King's Chair, from which James had a good view of the English army and his own. The top of Flodden Flill is now covered with a large plantation of fir trees. Phillips Geo. brick and tile manufacturer, Flodden Taylor Jobn E. surgeon, Lintliauglis Farmers Brown Andrew, Lintliauglis Duns William, Linthaughs Elliott William, Mount Pleasant Glendinning Henry, Blinlcbonny Glendinning John, West Flodden Marshall Eicliard, Hetherslaw Steel Isaac, Middle Flodden Thompson Thomas, Encampment KiMMEESTON is a constablewick and hamlet in the above named parish. The Hamlet of Kimmerston is situated one and a half miles south by east of Ford. Broomridge, a hamlet in this constablewick, was formerly a con- siderable village; and from a passage in Florence of Worcester, Camden supposes it to have been the Brunanburgh, where King Athelstan defeated Anlaf the Dane, Constantino of Scotland, and Eugenius the petty King of Cumber- land, in 928. It was formerly a portion of the manor of Roddam. Directory. — John Piercy, blacksmith ; and James Grey, farmer. KIRK NEWTON PARISH. Kirk Newtown parish is bounded on the north by the parishes of Ford, Carham, and Branxton, on the west by Scotland, on the south by Coquetdale Ward, and on the east by Doddington and Wooler parishes. It comprises the townships of Akeld, Coldsmouth and Thompson's Walls, Coupland, 70'2 GLEN DALE WAED—^'EST DIVISION. Crookliouse, Grey's Forest, Heathpool, Howtell, Kilham, Kirk Newton, Laiiton, Milfield, Newton West, Paston, Selby's Forest, and Yearering, whose united area is 37,976 acres. Its population in 1801, \Yas 1,406 ; in 1811, ],47a; in 1821, 1,701; in 1831, 1,671; in 1841,1,726; and in 1851, 1,732 souls. The principal landowners are Sir William Davison, Sir F. Blake. MattTiew Guller, Esq., George A. Grey, Esq., the Earl of Tankerville, Morton, Esq., Percival Clennell, Esq., George Rea, Esq., Frank Sitwell, Esq., Lady Stfinley, John Ord, Esq., Alexander Thompson, Esq., and Robert Thompson, Esq. This parish occupies rn extensive but thinly populated tract, in the south-wTstern part of Gleudale Ward. Akeij) is a township and hamlet, containing 2,208 acres, and its population in 1801, -w^as 153; in 1811, 164; in 1821,167; in 1831,171; in 184^, 182; and in 1851, 186 sonls. The Hamlet of Akeld is situated two and tliree quarter miles W.N.W. of Wooler. DiBECTOEY. — George Cranston, cartwright; and the farmers are John Hogarth, and James Rutherford. CoLDSMouTH AKD THOMPSON s Walls form a township, about three miles west of Kirk Newton. The area of the township is 1,415 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 32; in 1811, 49 ; in 1821, 44 ; in 1831, 41 ; in 1841, 38 ; and in 1851, 20 souls. The principal residents are Charles Rea, farmer, Coldsmouth ; and George Tait, farmer, Thompsons Walls. - Coupland township, the property of Matthew Culley, Esq., is situated four miles north-west by west of Wooler, and comprises an area of 1,428 acres. The population in 1801, was 70; in 1811, 101 ; in 1821, 98 ; in 1831, 100; in 1841, 109; and in 1851, 160 souls. Coupland was anciently part of the barony of Wooler, and was held by the Muschampe family. It after- wards became the property of the Wallaces, from whom it passed to the Ogles, and subsequently to the present proprietor. Coupland Castle is the seat of the Earl of Durham. DiEECTOEY. — The Right Hon. the Earl of Dm'ham, Coupland Castle; Adam Richardson, miller ; and the farmers are George Fogo, George Mowitt, ajid Adam Richardson. Ceookhouse, a small township, containing 467 acres, is situated six and a half miles W.N.W. of Wooler, and its population in 1801, was 14 ; in 1811, 12; in 1821, 18; in 1831, 20; in 1841, 18; and in 1851, 29 souls. Geet's Forest township is situated two miles west of Kirk Newton. It comprises an area of 6,615 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 58; inl811, 49; inl821, 54; in 1831, 44; inlS4l, 56; andinl851, 44 souls. Heathpool is a township, five and a half miles west of Wooler. It con- tains 1,037 acres, and its population in 1801, was 38 ; in 1811, 48; in 1821, 42 ; in 1831, 43 ; in 1841, 51 ; and in 1851, 44 souls. The princip.al in- habitants are William Davison, miller; and WilUam Davison, and William Reed, farmers. Howtell i3 a township and hamlet, containing 1,145 acres, and it con- KIRK NEWTON PARISH, '03 tainedin 1801, 186; in 1811, 130; in 1821, 190; in 1831, 195; in 1841, 191; and in 1851,196 inhabitants. The Hamlet of Howtell is situated two and a half miles N.N.W. of Kirk Newton. Here is a Presbyterian Chapel, erected in 1850. It is a fine commodious building, capable of ac- commodating about 350 persons. Rev. David Taylor, minister. Directory. — Andrew Brown, vict. Plough Inn ; George Douglas, school- master ; George Johnson, blacksmith ; James Wallace, grocer ; and the farmers are Andrew Brown, and Thomas Howie. KiLHAM, a township and village, is the property of the Earl of Tankerville, who is also lord of the manor. The area of the township is 2,855 acres, and its population in 1801, was 206; in 1811, 252; in 1821, 246 ; in 1831, 217 ; in 1841, 279 ; and in 1851, 258 souls. The Village of Kilhamis situated on the north side of Kilham Hills, seven and a half miles W.N.W. of Wooler. Post Office, Kilham, Thomas Smith, postmaster. Letters arrive at 5 p.m., and are despatched at 8-30 p.m. DiRECTOBY.— George Dickson, joiner and cartwright ; George Dickson, jun., joiner and cartwright ; Peter Hogg, shopkeeper ; William Lauder, shop- keeper ; Thomas Smith, shoemaker ; John Tate, blacksmith ; AVilliam Percy, tailor ; and Alexander Borthwick, farmer. Kirk Newton is a township and village, giving name to the parish in which it is situated. The township contains 2,217 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 55 ; in 1811, 74; in 1821, 83 ; in 1831, 76; in 1841, 83 ; and in 1851, 88 souls. The manor of Kirk Newton was formerly held under the barony of Wark, by the ancient family of Strothers, from whom it was transferred to John Strother Kerr, Esq., of Nenthorn, in Berwickshire. The Village of Kirk Newton is situated five miles W.N.VT". of Wooler. The Churcpi is dedicated to St. Gregory, and the parish register commences in 1790. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of J_jindisfarne, and deanery of Bambrough, is valued in the Liber Eegis at £3 13s. 4d. ; gToss income, £491. Patron, J. Davison, Esq. ; incumbent, the Rev. Christopher Robinson, M.A. Here is a National School, a neat small building, attended at present by about 40 children. William Balmer, teacher. Balmer William, schoolmaster aud parish clerk . Chambers Margaret, vict. Black Bull, ■■^ Bendor 1 Robinson Rev. Christopher, M.A. vicar Tate John, blacksmith, Thornington ^■': Farmers '■Anderson James Hanston Haugh ^'Bi-omfield James, Eeeclsford Lanton a half miles Brown Christopher, Tni3erie Brown James, Kippie Hendei'son Willian), Longley Ford Hunt John, Thornington Eand James, Beaumont Hill Robson Robert, & "William Logan, House Thompson Alexander Thompson Robert Sandy IN tovv^nship is situated on the north side of the river Glen, four and miles north-west by north of Wooler. It contains 983 acres, and its 704 GLEKDALE WAED WEST DWISIOK. population in 1801, was 81 ; in ] 811, 60 ; in 1831, 69 ; in 1831, 78 ; in 1841, 83; and in 1851, 84 souls. Here is a corn mill, worked by Messrs. Jolin and Thomas Hall. The principal inhabitants are John and Thomas Hall, farmers and millers, and Anthony Barber, farmer. Mii.FiELD is a township and viUage, the property of several proprietors. The area of the towniship is 1,471 acres, and its population in 1801, was 193; in 1811, 168; in 1821, 259 ; in 1831, 262 ; in 1841,225; andiul851, 946 souls. This township was formerly the property of the Muschampe family. The Village of Milfield is situated sis miles north-west of Wooler, and on its south side is the famed plain of Milfield. In August, 1402, Earl Douglas, who had a grant of the estates of the Earl of March, and anxious to drive him to his ruin entered Northumberland. Ten thousand warriors, the best of Scotland, followed the banner of Douglas, who flew like a meteor from the Lothians to the Tweed, from the Tweed to the Tyne, and carried devastation to the very walls of Newcastle, without finding any force to oppose Mm. He then retraced his steps loaded with plunder. During his advance to the south, the Earl of Northumberland, and his son Hotspur, with his deadly enemy the Earl of March, gathered a numerous army in the rear* Douglas, hampered by his spoil, came suddenly upon this force, w^hich was • posted near Milfield. He perceived a strong position between the two armies called Homildon Hill, and he had the good sense to sieze it. The English, with the people of the Earl of March, occupied the ridges of a neighbouring hill, but they left it to advance to the assault, and Hotspur was about to charge up the hill of Homildon, when the Earl of March caught his bridle, and advised him to stay where he was, and begin the fight with his archers^ not with his horse. The advice was taken, the English bowmen advanced to the foot of the hill, and shot upwards with w-onderful force and correct aim. Instead of charging at first, as Bruce did the English archers at Bannockburn, Douglas did nothing, but left his people drawn up in ranks on the face of the hill, where they presented one general mark to the enemy. Scarcely an English arrow sped in vain, the Scots fell in heaps without fighting. At last Douglas made up his mind to charge down the hill, or, as it is related by Fordun, Swinton, a spirited knight, induced this movement by exclaiming — " Oh ! my brave fellow soldiers, what fascinates you to-day, that you stand like deer and fawns in a park to be shot, instead of showing your ancient valour, and meeting your foes hand to hand ? Let those who will descend with me, and in the name of the Lord, we will break that host, and conquer; or, if not, at least die with honour, hke soldiers." As Douglas descended, the English bowmen retired a little, but they pulled their bows as they withdrew — and, presently halting again, sent a flight of arrows so '• sharp and strong," that no armour could withstand it, and as he was spur- ring forward, the Douglas himself, whose armour was of the most perfect temper, was wounded, though not mortally, in five different places. He fell from his horse, was made prisoner, and then a complete rout of the Scots ensued. Eight hundred of them remained on the field, and five hundred, it is said, were drowned in the Tw^eed. Besides Douglas, whose principal wound deprived him of an eje, the son of the Duke of Albany, the Earls of KIRK KEWTON PARISH. 705 Moray and Angus, two barons, eighty knights, and many otlier persons of high, rank were made prisoners by the Percies. The EngUsh men-at-arms, knights and squires, never drew the sword or couched the lance, the whole affair being decided by the archers. Such w-as the famous battle of Homildon Hill, ■svhich was fought on Holy-Rood-Day, 140'2. Eomau and other remains have been discovered in this neighbourhood at different periods. Post Office, Milfield, Thomas Clarke, xjostmaster. Letters arrive at 2-30 p.m., and are despatched at 3-10 p.iQ. Mowitt Ealph, blacksmith Short John, farmer Thompson Thomas, schoolmaster Tm-nbull George, farmer Turnbull Gilbert, vict. Red Lion Inn Watson Henry, saddler Clark Thomas, draper and grocer Davison Thomas, tailor Gilholme Isabella, shopkeeper Grey George A. Esq. Milheld Hill Grey James, shoemaker Lowrey Wilham, baker Marshall William, joiner and cartwright Newton (West) is a township and hamlet in the above parish, containing 1,063 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 60 ; in 1811, 68 ; in 1821, 95 ; in 1831, 86 ; in 1841, S3 ; and in 1851, 91 souls. The Hamlet of West Newton is situated on the west side of a small rivulet half a mile west of Kirk Newton. Directory. — James Dodds, farmer and corn miller, Canno Mill ; and John Borthwick, farmer. Pastox is a tov\'n^hip and village, containing an area of 2,336 acres, and its population in 1801, was 135 ; in 1811, 180 ; in 1821, 209 ; in 1831, 207 ; in 1841, 199; and in 1851, 208 souls. It was long the property of a branch of the Selbys of TwizeU, who had a seat here. The Village of Paston is situated on the south side of the Beaumont, nine miles W.N.W. of Wooler. Harelaw is a hamlet and lofty eminence in Paston township, five miles west of Kirk Newton, The hill, as it name denotes, has been the station of an army, and has a circular entrenchment, with a double rampart and fosse. Shottox is another hamlet in this township, situated on the verge of Scotland, five miles west of Kirk Newton. Dieectory. — Andrew Thompson, farmer, Shotton ; and John Thompson, fariner. Selby s Forest is an extensive township, consisting of moors and mountains, among the latter of which is the far famed Cheviot, which gives name to an extensive range of hills of various elevations. A lake on the summit of o Cheviot is often frozen at midsummer. The area of this township is 11,853 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 57 ; in 1811, 60 ; in 1821, 63 ; in 1831, 66; in 1841, 61; and in 1851, 49 souls. Yeavering is a township and hamlet, containing 883 acres. Population in 1801,68; in 1811, 59; in 1821, 64; in 1831, 68; in 1841,68; and iu 1851, 29 souls. The Hamlet of Yeavering is situated four and a half miles W.N.W. of Wooler, and appears to have been a place of some importance in ancient times. We find it mentioned as early as the year 627, when it was the residence of Edwin, King of Northumbria, and the sceuQ of the labours ^06 MoePeth wakd. of the Roman missionary Paulinas, who, during his stay here, baptized many thousands in the river Glen. Tho Scots were defeated near this place, in 1414, by Sir Eobert Umfraville, then commander of Roxburgh Castle, and the Earl of Westmoreland, then lord warden of the Marches. Sir Ptobert, with one hundred and forty kuights, and three hundred bo^vmen, defeated four thousand Scots, killed sixty, took one hundred and sixty prisoners, and pursued them for twelve miles into their own country. A rade whinstoue eolamn on the south side of the village, points out the scene of this conflict. Yeavebing Bell, a mountain 2,000 feet above the level of the sea, is situated at a little distance south of the hamlet. On its summitis an area enclosed by the remains of a wall 1,000 . paces in circumference. Many cairns and drindical remains have been found in this neighbourhood, which seems to have been one of the principal stations of the Druids in the north. The principal resident is Charles Borthwick, farmer. MORPETH WARD. MoEPETH Ward is bounded on the north by Coquetdale Ward, on the west by Tindale Ward, on the south by Castle Ward, and Bedlingtonshire, and on the east by the German Ocean. "^ It is divided into two divisions, East and West, comprehending eight parishes, and four parochial chapelries, and com- prises an area of 98,991 statute acres. Its population in 1801, was 11,422 ; in 1841, 14,125 ; and in 185 J it had increased to 16,023 souls. This district possesses a rich and fertile soil, and is well watered by the rivers Coquet, Wansbeck, Funt, and Line, and by several rivulets. The surface is generally level, but on the banks of the Coquet, the Wansbeck, and the Funt, the scenery is more varied and picturesque. The following table exhibits the names of the parishes, their acreage, number of houses, and population in 1851 :— PARISHES, &c. Acres. Houses. POPULATION. Males. Females. 318 481 719 314 517 318 2.611 231 158 2,274 221 851 lotal. 634 946 1,506 618 995 700 5,020 489 329 4,439 429 1,598 Bolam 7,830 7,503 25,778 7,096 12.849 9,595 8,177 7,723 3,015 19,305 4,530 8,456 134 176 279 130 213 141 765 96 78 861 94 326 310 465 787 304 47S 352 2,409 258 171 2,105 208 747 Bothal Hartbnrn Hebron Longhorsley Mitforcl Morpeth Netherwittoii Ulgham Warkworth Widdrington Woodhorn BOTHAL PARISH. 707 Date. 1553. 1711. 1711. 1713. 1713. 1760. 1760. 1761. 1795. 1802. 1822. 1826. CHARITIES OF MORPETH WARD. Donor and nature of gifts To what places and purposes applied. Annual value Morpeth Grammar Scliool (reut and ) i^-)ot rent charge) J ^'"''^^ ^ Pye & Buhuan (rent and rent charge) Morpeth — poor 12 Countess of CarHsle (rents) Morpeth — poor George Wilson (i-ent charge) Morpeth — poor George Wilson (rent charge) Ulgham chapelry — poor .... J .^^17. W.r,^ ^vpnf Phnrcrp^ 1 Morpeth— Poor Housekecpers 1 10 & E. Ward (rent charge) ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ j^^^^^^^ John Willduson (rent charge) Morpeth poor Kev. C. Stafford (rent charge) Bothal Parish School Elizabeth Cl„tte.b„cL («.t charge) {^^-^^"litson aSlTs^D^; Heu^ Ogle (dividends) { ''^'TjrZX ^■"■. .!" Coates and Another (interest) Bothal — poor Henry Ogle(rent charge) Causey Park School Sir G. Warren (rent charge) Widcirington — Pvepairs of Chapel Anne Ogle (dividends) j Long Horsley Parish -Educa- ^ ^ ( tion ot poor children .... John "Ward (dividends) Morpeth — poor John Arthur and John Green (interest) Hartburn School Anne Coward (interest) Morpeth — poor Lady Bulkeley (dividends), Woodhorn Parish — poor 2 5 1 10 1 10 1 10 10 10 2 16 5 2 2 15 2 3 18 6 3 10 3 17 1 19 5 6 2 Total. ,^•301 16 5 MORPETH WARD.— EAST DIVISION. BOTHAL PARISH. Bothal parish comjirises tbe towiisliips of Asbington and Sheepvvasll, Botbal Demesne, Longhirst, Oldmoor, and Pegsworth, whoso united area is 7,593 acres. The popiihttion in 1801, ^Yas 622; in 1811, 557; in J 821, 658 ; in 1831, 755 ; in 1841, 800 ; and in 1851, 946 souls. This parish is about three miles in length, by the same in breadth, and is bounded b}^ the parishes of Woodhorn, Ulgham, Hebron, and Morpeth; as also by the river Wansbeck, which separates it from Bedlingtonshire. AsHiNGTON AND Sheepwasii fomi a township in the above parish, contain- ing 688 acres, the property of the Duke of Portland. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 63; in 1811, 58; in 1821, 50; in 1831, 57; in 1841, 76 ; and in 1851, 76 sotils. The rateable value of the township is £750 10s. The Hamlet of Asbington is situated about four and a half miles east of Morpeth, and consists of one farm, occupied by Mr. John Angus, of Whitefield. The rectory house is situated at Sweepwash, which occupies the south side of the townsbip, attached to it tberc are about 100 708. MOEPETH" WAKD EAST DIVISION. acres of glebe land. There is a bridge across the Wansbeck, which is m gable here for keels and small boats. St. Margaret's Well, in the neighbourhood of Ashington, was formerly held in high repute. Here is a colliery wTOught. by Lea Dickinson & Co. — For Directory see Bothal Demesne. BoTHAL Demesiie, a township and village in the parish of the same name, contains 3,024 acres, the property of the Duke of Portland, and its rateable valu€ is i'1,961 19s. Its population in 1801, was 193 ; in 1811, 163; in 1821, 198; in 1831, 227; in 1841, 249 ; and in 1851, 269 souls. Bothal lordship was made a barony by Richard I., and was held in capite by Ptobert Bertram, for the service of three knights' fees. This barony was held for many generations, by the successors of the above mentioned Robert, one of whom being Sheriff of Northumberland and Governor of Newcastle, in the reign of Edward III., obtained from that monarch the privilege of transform- ing his manor-house of Bothal into a castle. His daughter and heiress having married Sir Robert Ogle, knt., of Ogle, conveyed the estates of the Bertrams to the Ogle family. Sir Robert bequeathed Bothal to his youngest son John, and his paternal estate to his eldest son Robert, who, after his father's death, took forcible possession of his brother's property, but was soon ejected from it ; after which having distinguished himself by his bravery in the "Wars of the Roses," in w4iich he supported the cause of the House of York, he was created Baron of Bothal, and first Lord Ogle, of Ogle. On the death of Cutlibert, the seventh and last Lord Ogle, without male issue, the estates passed to his daughters Joanna and Catherine, the former of whom was married to Edward Talbot, Esq., the youngest son of the Earl of Shrewsbury, and the latter was espoused by Sir Charles Cavendish, of Wel- beck, in Nottinghamshire, and was created Baroness Ogle. She w^as succeeded by her son, Sir William Cavendish, w4io was made a Knight of the Bath, in J610 ; Baron of Ogle and Viscount Mansfield in 1621 ; Baron Bertram and Bolsover, and Earl of Newcastle in 1628 ; Marquis of Newcastle in 1644; and Earl Ogle and Duke of Newcastle in 1664. He took a very prominent part in the civil wars, and after the battle of Marston Moor was obliged to fly to the continent, wherehe remained till the Restoration, after which he retired to his seat at Welbeck, and spent the rem.ainder of his days in literary pursuits. His only daughter and heiress was married to John HoUis, who was created Duke of Newcastle, and died in 1711, leaving an only daughter, who was espoused by the Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, by whom she had an only daughter and heiress, Lady Margaret Cavendish Harley, who married the Dake of Portland, from wliom the Bothal estates descended to the present Duke of Portland, who holds a Court Leet and Baron here in April and May. The Village of Bothal is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Wansbeck, three miles east of Morpeth. The Paeish Church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is situated near the Castle, and consists of nave, chancel, and aisles. It contains a fine alabaster tomb, with recumbent effigies, said to represent some of the Ogle family. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Morpeth, valued in the Liber Regis at £25 ; gross income £1,493. Patron, the Duke of Portland; rector, BOTHAL PARISH. 700 Rev. H. Hopwoocl, M.A. ; Eev. Edward Lacey, curate. Botlml Castle stands upon a green knoll of oval form, adjacent to tlie Church, and is still an im- posing monument of feudal grandeur. Of this once statety edifice there still remain a large gateway tower, and several fragments of the outward walls. The remaining gateway, with its strong towers, appears to be the most modern part of the building, and bears several shields of arms, besides the figure of a man in the attitude of sounding a horn, while another holds in his hands a ball or stone. This tower is supposed to have been erected in the reign of Edward IV., and several of its apartments are in a tolerable state of preserva- tion. It is now the property of the Duke of Portland. Chaeities. — The Rev. Christopher Stafford, rector of Bothal, in 1735^ gave £80, the interest of which -was to be applied for the support of the school at Bothal. The poor of this parish have charities amountiug to £40, the interest of which is annually distributed by the rector amongst the poor. Spearman James, miller, Bothal Mills Bootiman Elizabeth, vict. and shopkeeper, Castle Inn Cooper George, blacksraith Coson Joseph, farmer and butcher, Sheep- ■wash Fenwick Thomas, gardener Gallon George, schoolmaster Hopvrood Eev. H. M.A. rector, Rectory Lacey Eev. Edward, cm-ate Sample Tulliam, agent to the Duke of Portland Farmers Angus John, Whitefield Brewis Samuel, Black Close Clark Wilham, Bothal Park Coward Humphrey, Bothal Barns CoxoD Joseph, and butcher, Sheepwash Coxon Thomas, and woodman Gray Edward, New Moor Humphrey Catherine Ann, Coney Garth Lo:n'ghtest is a township and viUage, the property of the Duke of Portland, AYilliam Lav^-son, Esq., and Thomas Lawson, Esq. The township contains 1,703 acres, and its rateable ^value is £T,756 10s. Population in 1801, 154; in 1811, 161; in 1821, 176; in 1831, 216; in 1841, 210; and in 1851, 293 souls. The Village of Loughirst is situated three miles north-east of Morpeth. Here is a National School, erected in 1847, at a cost of £140, upon a site granted by the Dake of Portland. The teacher's residence was the gift of William Lawson, Esq., who is also the patron of a library and news- room, at the house of the postmaster. The Newcastle and Berwick railway passes through the township, and has a station about half a mile east of the village. LoNGHiRST House, the seat of Wilham Lawson, Esq., is situated to the west of the village, and is a handsome and commodious mansion, occupying a gentle eminence above the Bothal Burn? Post Office, Longhiest, Eobert Hindhaugh,po.sfm(7sfer. Letters arrive here, from Morpeth, at 10 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 3 p.m. Davidson John, blacksmith Enghsh John, boot and shoemaker English Eobert, boot and shoemaker Hindhaugh Eobert, cartwright and vict. Half Moon Hunter Joseph, shoemaker Lawson Wm. Esq. J.P. Longhirst House Mitchell Thomas H. schoolmaster Noble Jai^ies, gardener Park George, tailor Scott Thomas, gamekeeper Sharp Thos. gentleman, Longhirst Grange Farmers Hindhaugh John Thompson Adam, Lane End Thompson Wilham, Coney Garth Moor TIO MOBPETH WARD EAST DTYISION. Oldmoor is a township aud hamlet, the property of the Duke of Portland, and A. J. B. Cresswell, Esq. The areaof the township is 911 acres, and its rate- able value £1,608 7s. 4d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 59 ; in 1811, 52 ; in ]8'21, 79; in 1831, 66; in 1841, 58; and in 1851, 93 souls. The Ha^llet of Oldmoor is situated four and a half miles north-east of Mor- peth. Here is a station on the Newcastle and Berwick railway. Directory. — Joseph Brown, gardener; William Davidson, blacksmith; and the farmers are George Balmain, Steads ; Sarah Lamsdou, Potting ; and George Sadler, Steads. Pegsworth, or Pegswood, is a township and hamlet in the above parish. The township contains 1,267 acres, its rateable value is £2,042 J 5s,, and the Duke of Portland is landow^ner. Population in 1801, 158 ; in 1811, 12a; in 1821, 155 ; in 1831, 189 ; in 1841, 207; and in 1851, 215 souls. The Hamlet of Pegsworth. is two miles east by north of Morpeth, aud in its vicinity is a colliery worked by James Temple & Co. Anderson Eobert, farmer aud coal owner, (James Temple & Co.) Bov.-den Thomas, joiner and shopkeeper Jonrdan George, blacksmith Laidler Thomas, shoemaker Stick William, tailor Temple Jas. coalowner, ( Jas. Temple & Co.) i Waddle George, shoemaker Farmers Anderson Eobert, and coal owner Laidler Matthew Straker John, St. Clement's Trees Sharp .Jane ULGHAM PAPtOCHIAL CHAPELRY. Ulgham parochial chapeliy comprises the three joint townships of Ulgham, TJlgham Grange, and Stobswood. It is bounded by the parishes of Heb- ron, Warkworth, Widdrington, Woodhorn, and Bothal, and its area is 3,61.5 acres. Population in 1801, 320; in 1811, 340; in ]8t21, 3i8 ; in 1831, 359; in 1841, 368; and in 1851, 329 souls. The rateable value is £5,970 10s. 6d.; and, with the exception of a small portion of the township of Ulgham, the whole chapelry is the property of the Earl of Cp.rlisle. The soil is in some parts good, and in others poor and unproductive. The Village of Ulgham is pleasantly situated on the south bank of the river Line, five miles north-east by north of Morpeth. The Chapel, dedi- cated to St. John, is a neat stone structure, and the living is annexed to the rectoiy of Morpeth. The register of this chapelry commence in 1 602. Here is a neat school, erected about 36 yeai's ago, by the Earl of Carlisle, John J. Piobson, teacher. Ulgha?*! Grange, half a mile east of the village, is the property of Earl Grey, and consists of one farm and a mansion, the residence of Thomas L. Tindale, Esq. This edifice is delightfully situated on an emi- nence adjoining the Line Water, of which it commands a beautiful prospect. The banks and curves of the river between this place andLinemouth, are most picturesque. STOEsvrooD, two and a half miles north of Ulgham, contains three farms called East, West, and Middle Stobswood. Charities. — George Wilson, Esq., of Hepscott, in 1771, left a rent charge of 30s., to be given to the poor of this chapelry at Easter; and Ann Coward, WARKWOETII PARISH. ni who died in 1832, left £'20 to the poor of Ulgham Chapehy, the interest of ''vhich was to be divided yearly among the poor on Christmas Day. Batty Sarah, vict. Sun Inn Brodriek Dennis, sbo]Dlieeper Brown John, vict. and bhicksmith, Black- smith's Arms Douglas Thomas, joiner - Douglas William, joiner and chapel clerk Hall Robert, woodman Kenrair Joseph, tailor Laidler Thomas, tailor Lee William, shoemaker McDowell James, shopkeeper Nelson John, slioeraaker and shopkeeper Robson John J. schoolmaster Farmers Appleby William, Ulgham House Aynesley John and Jacob, Ferney Beds Baron Eichard, Cockles Crawford John, Woodhouse Cleghorii Thomas, North Woodhouse Davidson Ralph, West Farm Melburn Robert, North Farm Robson Robert, The Fence Sanderson Robt. and miller, Ulgham Mill Shotton John, Ulgham Broom Taylor George, West Stobswood Tindale Thomas L. Ulgham Grange Todd William and John, East Stobswood W^hinkham John, Middle Stobswood WARKWORTH PARISH. Waekworth, a parish in the eastern division of Morpeth ward, and eastern division of Coquetdale ward, comprises eighteen townships, aud is bounded on the north by Shilbottle and Lesbury parishes, on the west by Felton, on the south by Widdringtoii, and on the east by the German Ocean. The parish contains an area of 19,365 acres; its population in 1801, was 2,033 ; in 1811, 2,101 ; in 1821, 2,265 ; in 1831, 2,478; in 1841, 3,512 ; and in 1851, 4,439 souls. It is intersected by the river Coquet and by the Newcastle and Berwick railway. The scenery in this district is very bea-utiful, and gems and pebbles of great value are sometimes found in the bed of the Coquet. It abounds with coal and freestone ; limestone is also found, and there is a valuable whinstone dyke at Acklington. AcKLiNGTON is a township and village the property of the Duke of North- umberland. The area of the township is 2,072 acres, and its annual yalue £2,282 7s. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 257; in 1811, 249; in 1821, 269 ; in 1831, 286 ; in 1841, 301 ; and in 1851, 284 souls. The Village of Acklington is situated three and a quarter miles S.S.W. of Wark- worth, and has been much improved during the last few years, many handsome cottages in the early English style havhig been erected by the lord of the manor. There is a temporary chapel here in which the Rev. Dixon Brown, M.A., officiates, and a school and teachers house have been erected. The school is attended by ninety children, though it only possesses accommodation for eighty. John Fish and Miss Ann Fish, teachers. FT ere is a station on the Newcastle and Berwick railway. Post OrncE, Railway Station. — Frederick King, postmaster. This is the general post, and money order office for Amble, Felton, Widdrington, and Warkwortli. The mails arrive here from the south at 8-20 a.m., and from the north at 4-20 and 9-15 p.m. 71-^ ^lORPETH WARD— EAST DIVISION. Bell John, carrier Cowens Ealpli and Thomas, coal owners Cowens Eobert, shopkeeper Dawson Thomas, boot and shoemaker DrydenWiniam,vict. and blacksmith, T/^ree Horse Shoes Egdell John, vict. Bailway Hotel Fish John, schoolmaster Huntley John, vict. and grocer, Plough Inn Huntley William, joiner and builder, (John Huntley and Sod) King Frederick, station'master ^postmaster Piingle William, boot and shoemaker Purvis Mary, shopkeeper Thomson & Co. woollen manufacturers, Acklington Mill Thomson James (Thomson and Co.), farmer Farmers Cowens William, Acklington Coal Houses Egdell John, Raihvay Hotel Gregory William, Whirley Shaw Richardson Henry and Edmund, Chester House Scott James, Acklington Field Thompson Thomas Harper, Cavil Head Acklington Park, a township and hamlet in the above parish, contains 766 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. Its population in 1801, was 108; in 1811, 195; in 1821, 125; in 1831, 107; in 1841, 133; and in 185 J, 104 souls. The rateable value is £686 12s. Id. The Hamlet of Acklington Park occupies a secluded situation, on the south side of the Coquet, three and three-quarter miles south-west by west of Warkworth. Here is a woollen factory. Acklington High Park, about half-way between Acklington and Felton, is situated on a delightful eminence south of the Coquet. Directory. — George Appleton, farmer, Acldington High Park; John Field, shopkeeper ; Eobert Freeman, shopkeeper ; John McKenzie, woodman ; and William Thomson (Thomson & Co.). Amble, a township and village in Warkworth parish, comprises an area of 1,142 acres, and its annual value is £2,546 16s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 152; in 1811, 155; in 1821, 197; in 1831, 24T ; in 1841, 742; and in 1851, it had increased to 1,040 souls. The Village of Amble occupies a fine situation near the mouth of the river Coquet, one mile south-east by south of AVarkworth ; and from the British and Roman remains which have iDoen found in the neighbourhood, it appears to have been a place of some consequence in early times. There was formerly a monastery here subordinate to the priory of Tynemouth, and its ruins, along with those of the chapel connected with it, are still visible. Amble is advantageously situated on an eminence commanding a view of the sea, and during the last few years, several good inns and houses have been erected. It is expected that when the new docks, now in course of erection, are completed, this village will become a flourishing harbour, and a place of some importance. Post Office, Amble .^ — Isabella Sanderson, postmistress. Letters arrive, from Ackling-. ton, at 10-30 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 2-45 and 6-45 p.m. Bell Andrew, farmer Bell Joseph, tailor Carr Francis, coal agent Chambers Andrew, chemist and druggist Chapman Isaac, coastguard Clayton John, ship captain Coulihard WiUiam, slater Currie Margaret, straw-bonnet maker Ditchbnrn James, carver Duncan WiUiam, surgeon, Amble House WAEKWORTH PARISH. 7V^ Hepplewaite Thomas, harbour master Henderson Johu, pknnber, &c. Hintlraarsb John A. gentleman Jackson Henry, coastguard Johnston John, shipsmith Knox Eev. William (Independent) Muers John, master mariner Nichol Johu, superintendent of coastguard Pigg Charles, coal trimmer Potts John, schoolmaster Eichardson Andrew, custom-house officer Smith F. coastguard Spence William, coastguard Turnbull Thomas, ship chandler Tweedy Wilham, tailor Wliittield Edward, coal agent and clerk to the commissioners of Warkworth Har- bour Boot and Slioemakers Duncan John HaU Wilham Horn Eichard Drapers Marked * are also Tailors. * Dryden Eobert * Forster William Mclnnis Donald Sanderson Isabella * Eichardson Andrew Grrocers & Provision Dealers Beaty George Clarke Isabella Coker George Gray Frances Hutchinson Joseph Mason George Mclnnis Donald Neir John Pringle John Eowell John Sanderson Isabella Turner John Young Matthew Togston Arms, William Johnston Waterloo Inn, George Hall, and shipowner Wehvood Arms, Christopher Charlton Joiners and Cartwrights Marked * are also Shipwrights. Cavr Eobert * Edgeley Joseph, and boat builder * Gair and Wandless * Eichardson G. and K., and builders Eutherford Andrew Butcliers Graham Eichard Melrose Eichard Shotton James Hotels and Public Houses Blue Bell, James Purdy Docks Hotel, Elizabeth Turner Gardeners' Arms, Thomas Carse Harbour Inn, William Grey Masons' Arms, Cbarles Young Prince Albert, Ealph Graham Railway Hotel, Ehzabeth Watson Radcliffe Arms, Joshua Lockey Schooner Inn, Thomas Young Ship Inn, Eobert Carse BiRLiNG is a township and hamlet in the parish of Warkworth, but locally situated in the eastern division of Coquetdale Ward. It comprises an area of 826 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and the annual value is £1,240 15s. Od. Its population in 1801, was 87 ; in 1811, 81 ; in 1821, 69 ; in 1831, 85 ; in 1841, 80 ; and in 1851, 73 souls. The Hamlet of Birling is situated half a mile north of Warkworth. Directory. — The farmers are Miss Alice Cramlington; John Leadler, North Side ; John Sordy ; and Matthew Wilson, West Farm. Brotherwick is also a township in the same parish, and same division of Coquetdale AVard as Birling. It is situated two miles west of Warkworth, and contains 184 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and Mr. Fenwick. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 10 ; in 1811, 9 ; in 1821, 10; in 1831, 4; in 1841, 10; and in 1851, 13 souls. Rateable value £610. This township is farmed by Mr. George Tate, of East House. Bullock's Hall, a township situated five miles south by west of Wark- worth, is the property of George Tate, Esq. It comprises an area of 205 acres, and its rateable value is £276 4s. 7d. Population in 1801, 7; in 1811, 22; in 1821, 14 ; in 1831, 14 ; in 1841, 19 ; and in 1851, 20 souls. This township consists of one farm and an old mansion ; the farmer does not reside here. 714 MOHPETH WARD— EAST DIVISION. BusTON (High) is a towriship and hamlet in this parish, but locally situated in the eastern division of Coquetdale Ward. It contains 706 acres, the pro- perty of the Duke of Northumberland, and G. F. Forster, Esq ;;and its rateable value is £1,255 12 Od. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 100; in 1811,80; in 1821, 95; in 1831, 92, in 1841,100; and 1851, 97 souls. The tithes are commuted for £102 6s. 2d., of which the Bishop of Carlisle receives £78 8s. Sd., and the Vicar of AVark worth £23 15s. 6d. Here is a good stone-quarry which is worked by Mr. Thomas Brown of Warkworth. Tpie Hamlet of High Buston is situated two miles north by west of Wark- worth. BusTON House the seat and property of Roger Buston, Esq , is pleasantly situated, about one mile and a haff west of the sea. Directory. — Fioger Buston, Esq., Buston House ; William Common, vict and millwright. Plough Inn; William Heatley, farmer; and Heury and John Wilkinson, farmers. Buston (Low) is a township and haojlet in the same parish and same divi- sion of Coquetdale AVard as High Buston. The landov;ners here are Mrs. Anne Appleby, Lieutenant Spoor, the Misses Bourne, and Edvrard Thew, Esq. The township contains 870 acres, and its rateable value is £2,189. The population iu 1801, was (31; in 1811, 72; in 1821, 85; in 1831, 103: in 1841, 115 ; and in 1851, 109 souls. The tithes are commuted for £215 2s. 6d., of v,liich the Bishop of Carlisle receives £143 i8s. 5d., and the Vicar of V/arkw^orth £91 4s. Id. The Hamlet of Low Buston is situated one mile and three quarters north-west of V/arkworth. Dihectory. — Mrs. Anne Appleby, Low Buston ; the Misses Ann and Fanny Bourne,- Buston Barns; Edward Thew, Esq., Sliortridge House; and Adam Winter, farm stev,-ard, Low Buston. Chevington (East), a township in Vf arkw^orth parish, the property of Earl Grev, contains 2,225 acres, and its rateable value is £3,160. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 123 ; in 1811, 170 ; in 1821, 207 ; in 1831, 234; in 1841, 289 ; and in 1851, 377 souls. The soil is generally a strong loam clay, and excellent coals are obtained at Broomhill Colliery, from which place there is a railway to Amble Harbour. A neat school was erected here about seven years ago by Earl Gre}^ in which divine service is performed on Sundays, by the Rev. Dixon Brown, of Acklington. Coulson Edward, coal agent Hope David, brick and tile maker Johnson William, banksman Eutter John, schoolmaster Scott Ealph, blacksmith Turnbull John, joiner, grocer, and vision dealer pro- Farmers Burn "William, Broom Hill Straughan John, Woodside Wilson James, and John W^illiam, Chevington East Chevington West, a township, situated five miles south by west of Wark- worth, comprises an area of 1,804 acres, and its rateable value, is £2,389 12s. 7d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 90 ; in 1811, 101 ; in 1821, 108; in 1831,117; in 1841,67; and in 1851, 104 souls. Earl Grey is lord of the manor, and owner of the soil. W^est- Chevington, East WARKWOETH PABISH. 715 Clievingtoii, Bullock's Hall, and Hadstone townships form acliapeiry,but the cbapei has been long in ruins. This district is noted for its fine wheat crops, and a portion of the ancient forest of Earsdon is still visible in the neigh- bourhood. DiRECTorvY. — Samuel Goodman, farmer. Gloster Hill is a township, one mile S.S.E. of Warkworth, the property of Robert Dand, Esq. Its rateable value is £290 ; and its population in 1801, was 21 ; in 18J1, 21; in 1821, 3J ; in 1831,28; in 1841,18; and in 1851, 45 souls. This township consists of one farm, in the occupancy of the above named gentleman, and is situated on a hill south of the -river Coquet. Hadstone township is situated three and a half miles south of Warkworth, and contains 1,165 acres, the property of A. J. Baker Cresswell, Esq. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 68; in 1811, 72; in 1821, 88; in 1831, 97 ; in 1841, 71 ; and in 1851, 103 souls. Kateable value, £1,224 13s. Tithes commuted in 1836 : aggregate amount, £22 lis. 3d., vicarial ; and £154 is. 8d., to the Bishop of Carlisle. This township is divided into four farms, two of which are held by Messrs. J. and J. W. Wilson, of East Chev- ington, the others by John Bell and John Purvis. Directory. — John Bell, and John Purvis, farmers. Hauxley is a township and hamlet, the property of the Countess of New- burgh, Thomas Rochester, Esq., Mr. Dand, and Captain Widdrington, of Newton Hall. The area of the township is 748 acres, and its rateable value £1,485. The population in 1801, was 92 ; in 1811, 113 ; in 1821, 114 ; in 1831, T43; in 1841, i57; and in 1851, in consequence of the opening of a new colliery, it had increased to 811 souls. The Hamlet of Hauxley is two. and a half miles south-east of Warkw^orth, and is inhabited principally by fishermen. Directory. — Henry M. Dand, Hauxley Park ; Henry Hall, farmer ; Ptobert Ditchburn, vict., Plough Inn; and Matthew Lockey, shopkeeper. MoRRicK, OR MoRwicK, is a towusliip and hamlet, the property of Lieutenant General Sir John Grey, K.C.B. It contains 734 acres, and its rateable value is £1,368. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 59 ; in 1811, 75 ; in 1821, 72 ; in 1831, 64; in 1841, 79 ; and in 1851, 70 souls. Tithes com- muted in 1839 : aggregate amount £85 3s., due to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £28 8s. to the vicar of Warkworth. The Hamlet of Morrick is two miles south-west of Warkworth, and v/as anciently the capital of the barony of the same name. Morrick Hall is the residence of Lieutenant General Sir John Grey, K.C.B. ^ Directory. — Lieutenant General Sir John Grey, K.C.B. and J.P , Monick Hall ; William Guthrie, farmer, Moorhouse ; Francis S. Hewitt, farmer; and John Simpson and Co , millers, Morrick Mill. Sturton Grange is a township in this parish, but locally situated in the eastern division of Coquetdale Ward, two and a half miles W.N.W. of Wark- worth. It is the property of Matthew Fenwick Esq., Matthew Pdddell, Esq., .and WilHam Appleby, Esq.; comprises an area of 1,094 acres, and its Irrateable value is £1,602. Population in 1801, 88; iu 1811, 86; in 1821, 2 X 716 MORPETH WARD-~EAST DIVISION. 72; in 1831, 88; in 1841, 108; and in 1851, 130 souls. South Side, the seat and property of William Fenwick, Esq., is pleasantly situated about one mile and a half from Wark worth Station. Directory — William Fenwick, Esq., South Side; Rowden Briggs, farmer, Coalfield; John Carter, station master, Warkworth Station ; George Davison, miller; Andrew Ogle, farm-steward. East Field ; and Stephen Tate, farm- steward, Grange, Tog-stone is a township and hamlet, the property of the Countess of New- burgh, James Dand, Esq,, and Thomas George Smith, Esq. The area of the township is 1,063 acres, and its rateable value is £1,587. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 84; in 1811, 96 ; in 1821, 102; in 1831, 149; in 1841, 151; and in 1851, 217 souls. Tithes commuted in 1839: aggregate amount, £190 Is. 9d. There is a good colliery in this township, the property of T. G. Smith, Esq., of Togstone Hall. It consists of three seams of coal, the third one being eight feet thick, and is connected with Amble harbour by a line of railway. Directory. — Thomas George Smith, Esq., Togstone Hall ; James Dand, Esq., yeoman; Robert Innis, joiner and builder, and yeoman; Thomas Tail, steward; and John and William Watson, blacksmiths. Walkmill, a township in this parish, but locally situated in the eastern division of Coquetdale Ward, is two miles W.S.W. of Warkworth. It con- tains 123 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and its rate- able value is £226 10s. 3d. Population in 1801, 6 ; in 1811, 6 ; in 1821, 13 ; in 1831, 7 ; in 1841, 5 ; and in 1861, 8 souls. This township contains one farm, in the occupancy of Mr. George Coxon. Warkworth is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of the Duke of Northumberland. The township comprises an area of 3,638 acres, and its rateable value is £3,476 10s. Population in 1801, 614; in 1811,568; in 1821, 594; in 1831, 614; in 1841, 785; and in 1851, 834 souls. Notwithstanding the injuries which Warkworth Castle has sus- tained from the corroding hand of time, and the dilapidations of man, it still presents a better representation of the stronghold of a feudal baron of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, than any other castle on the borders. The greater portion of the outer walls, enclosing the castle yard, are yet standing ; and the walls of the keep and its adjoining towers are, for the most part, strong and in comparatively good repair. We possess no direct historical evidence as to the period when, or by whom, this castle was erected ; though, from a return made in 1166, it appears that the castle and manor of Warkworth were, at that time, held by Roger Fitz-Richard, on the tenure of one knight's service. King John confirmed the castle and manor to the son of the above mentioned possessor, on the same tenure. This son dying in J 215, was succeeded by his son, John Fitz-Robert, whose grandson, John, took the surname of Claver- ing, from an estate belonging to the family in Essex. This John de Clavering ceded his manors of Warkw^orth, Rothbmy, Corbridge, and their appurtenants, provided he died without male issue, to Edward II., in consideration of certain grants of land in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Northamptonshire, which, becoming the ! / WAEKWORTH PAEISH. 717 property of tlie Crown, in the beginning of the reign of Edward III., he granted the castle and manor of Warkworth to Sir Henry Percy, Governor of Berwick, in heu of a yearly allowance of 500 marks, payable out of the customs of that town. From the date of this grant, in 133-1, to the present time — with the exception of periods of forfeiture, when Warkworth became the temporary property of the Nevilles, the Umfravilles, and the Ogles — the castle and manor of Warkworth have continued in the possession of the Percy family. " The castle of Warkworth," says Mr. Stephen Oliver, our best northern tourist, in his interesting " Piambles in Northumberland," &c., " stands on the south side of the river Coquet, and about a mile from its mouth, on a piece of elevated ground, steep on the west, but on the north and east, rising from the river-side with a more gentle acclivity. On the south side, w^here the castle- yard is on a level with the adjacent country, the entrance has been defended by a deep ditch, which was crossed by a draw-bridge. The barbican, or gate- way tower, on the exterior south wall, was in the olden times defended by a portcullis, and had been of much greater magnitude th^n it is at present, the upper part now being much dilapidated. It formerly contained a prison, and the porter's lodgings, with apartments for the constable of the castle over them. Passing through the archway of this tower, in the lower part of which the person who has charge of the castle resides, the visitor finds himself within the castle-yard, an enclosure about 85 yards long from north to south, by 66 broad, and containing rather more than a square acre. To the west of the gateway are the remains of a tower, in which there w^ere formerly a kitchen, buttery, and other ofhces. This was called the lion tower, from the figure of a lion which still remains over the arch forming the entrance. To the north stands the keep, which is of a square figure with the angles truncated, having a projecting tower of a semi-octangular form on each of its sides, and sur- mounted by a lofty exploratory turret. A flight of steps leads to the principal entrance, which is in the southern tower. The lower apartments, of which there are eight, have arched stone roofs, and are dimly lighted by loop-holes. In the floor of one of these apartments is an opening to a gloomy vault, fifteen feet square, supposed to have been used as a place of solitary confinement for^ prisoners, and as there are no stairs by which a person can descend to tins black-hole, the wretched captives who were confined there must either have been lowered down by means of ropes, or have descended by means of a ladder. From those apartments one large and two smaller staircases lead to the next storey, the former terminating in a spacious landing place, round which stone seats are fixed, and which has been a sort of ante-room to the great hall. The great hall is 39 feet long and 24 feet wide, and had been about 20 feet high, extending to the roof, which no longer remains. On this floor are various other apartments, all of which, as they are much lower than the great hall, have had others of the same size above them. Hutchinson, the author of a ' View of Northumberland,' recounts with apparent delight the beauties of the prospect from the top of Warkworth Castle, and few persons who have looked upon the same scene, will think the picture which he draws, too highly colom'ed : — ' From hence,' says he, ' the view is so extensive and various, that 718 MORPETH AYAED— EAST DIVISION. description can convey but a veiy imperfect idea of its members or beauties ; to the east and north-east there is a sea prospect, with which you take in all the shore we have traversed, with Dustaubrough and Bambrough Castles at the most distant points of land ; the Farn Islands lie scattered like patches on the face of the waters. The port of Alemouth is a nearer object, and at a little distance, the mouth of the river Coquet, and Coquet Island with its ruined monasteiy are seen. To the north jou view a rich cultivated country to Alnwick; westward, the banks of the Coquet river, graced with little wood- lands, which here and there impend on its winding channel ; to the south, you view an extensive plain, inclining towards the sea, crowded with villages and interspersed with v/oods ; the shore indented by many little ports and creeks, the higher grounds are scattered over wdth many hamlets, churches, and other buildings, mingling with a variety highly pleasing; whilst, in the extreme distance, the different tints of the landscape, arising from various objects, require colours to convey their picture to the mind." The noble proprietor is now (1854) repairing the east wing, in order that it may be occa- sionally used as a residence by the family. The Heemitage of AYarkworth is a secluded retreat, romantically situated on the richly vrooded banks of the river, about a mile above the castle. It consists of three small apartments hollowed out of the freestone cliff which overlooks the river. Above the doorvray are the remains of some letters, now illegible, but w^hich are supposed, when perfect, to have expressed the words, " Fuerunt mihi lacrymse meas panes die ac nocte," " My tears have been my food day and night." The roof is chiselled in imitation of a groin formed by two intersecting arches, and at the east end is an altar surmounted by a niche. Near the altar a recumbent figure of a female is carved in the wall. In an inner apartment there is also an altar, with a vase for holy water cut in the wall. It is uncertain when this hermitage was formed, though probably it is not older than the reign of Edward II. Dr. Percy has celebrated it in a beautfal poem entitled " The Hermit of Warkworth," from which we subjoin the following stanzas, descriptive of its appearance :— "And now attended by their host, , ... The hermitage they viewed ; Deep hewn within a craggy cliff, And overhung with wood. And near a jflight of shapeless steps, All cut with nicest skill ; And piercing through a stony arch, Ean winding up the hill. There, deck'd with many a flower and herb, His Uttle garden stands; _ ,. "With fruitful trees in shady rows, '/~^^' ;"'^-' All planted by his hands. ' fhnlir Then scoop'd within the soHd rock, ■ '-^ The sacred vault he shows ; ■m The chief a chapel neatly arched, - yinoxiT On branching columns rose. T"'- fiff WAEKWOETH TAHISH. 719 Eacli proper ornament was there That could a chapel grace ; The lattice for confession framed, And holy water vase. O'pr either door a sacred text Invites to godly fear, And in a little 'scutcheon hung The cross, and crown, and spear. Up to the altar's ample breadth Two easy steps ascend, And near a glimmering solemn light Two well wrought windows lend. Beside the altar rose a tomb All in the living stone, On which a young aucl beauteous maid In goodly sculpture shone. A kneeling angel fairly cai'ved Lean'd hov'ring o'er her breast; A weeping warrior at her feet, And near to these her crest." In the advertisement to the poem from \^hich the ahove extract is taken, Dr. Percy has made some ingenious surmises respecting the founder and the antiquity of this hermitage ; he also informs us that the memory of the first recluse was held in such veneration by the Percy family, that they maintained a priest to reside in the hermitage and celebrate mass in the chapel. This venerable relic of antiquity, so interesting from its age and the beautifuP situation which it occupies, is an object of attraction to strangers from ail parts of the country. The Village of Warkworth is pleasantly situated one mile west of the sea, and seven miles south-east of Almvick, on a species of peninsula formed by the river Coquet, which is here crossed by an ancient stone bridge. It consists principally of one street leading from the bridge to the castle, and contains many good houses. There v/as formerly a market, but it has now fallen into disuse. Fairs are held on April 25th, if a Thursday ; if not, on the previous Thursday, and on November 22nd, for horned cattle, shoes, hats, and pedlary. Warkworth is said to be an ancient borough by prescription, and an annual court-leet is held here on the first Wednesday in October, by the Duke of Nortbumberland, for the election of a borough-reeve, two moor- grieves, three constables, and other officers. The Church is a very ancient structure dedicated to St. Lawrence, and is said to have been erected about the year 736, by Ceolwulph, king of Northumbria; but the present edifice, which is a handsome building, with a spire about 100 feet in height, has evidently been erected at a later period. Within the church is the monu- mental figure of a knight, cross-legged, similar to the figures which are com- monly said to be those of knights templars. A modern inscription states it to be *' The efiigies of Sir Hugh de Morwick, who gave the common to this 720 MOEPETH WAED — EAST DIVISION. town of Wark worth." The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindis fame and deanery of Alnwick, valued in the Liber Regis at £18 5s. 7|-d.; gross income £576. Tithes commuted in 1839, aggregate amount £]0'2 16s. 9d., due to the Bishop of Carlisle, and £77 16s. 2d. to the vicar. Patron, the Bishop of Carhsle. Vicar, Rev. John W. Dunn. The parish register com- mences in 1676. Near the church-yard are the ruins of an ancient piiorj^, w^hich, according to Tanner, was formerly " a cell of two Benedictine monks from Durham, for whose maintenance here Nicholas de Farnham, Bishop of Durham, who died a.d. 1257, appropriated the church of Brankeston, which was confirmed by Walter de Kirkham, his successor." The Wesley an Methodists and the United Secession have places of worship here. Charity. — Elizabeth Clutterbuck, in 1743, left £30, the interest of which was to be distributed yearly, on Christmas Day, to such poor as should dwell and have their settlements in the township of Warkworth. 1 Alder Mr. John Bates Mr. William Barker John, draper and grocer Bell Mrs. Dorothy Bilton Mary, vict. Masons' Arms Bowie John, surgeon Browell Joseph, boot and shoemaker Brown Thomas, builder Bryson John, joiner and c&binet maker Burn William, quan-y owner Cannon John, woodman Castle Joseph, draper and grocer Clutterbuck John, Esq. Cowens Ralph, farmer, Warkworth Barns Cowens Eobert, shopkeeper Crawford Captain W. Crisp James, steAvard, Warkworth Demesne Davison Thomas E., miller, Warkworth Mill Dawson Elizabeth, draper and grocer Duncan Eev. James, (Presbyterian) Dunn Eev. John, Yicar of Warkworth Egdell Eleanor, butcher Earrell William, tailor ± orster Mr. George Grieves Miss Charlotte Graham John, joiner Graham Eobert, vict. Jolly Sailor Harrison John, clock and watchmaker Henderson Thomas, shipowner Henderson Henry, draper Hewitt George, boot and shoemaker Hildreth WiUiam, farmer Jackson Mrs. Margaret Lackenby George, boot and shoemaker Langley Wm. vict. and brewer, Black Bull Mclntyre Peter S. chemist and druggist, and stationer Marshall Mrs. Margery Maugh James, blacksmith Miller Henry, farmer. New Bams Muers Andrew, butcher and flour dealer Muers Mrs. Jessie Frances Muers W^ilham, farmer Needy William, stonemason Newton William, agent Nixon Miss Margaret Ormsby A. & Sons, plumbers and glaziers Potts Thomas, vict. Sim Inn Eeed Thomas, farmer, Warkworth Barns Eobinson George, brewer and maltster Eobinson Thomas, farmer Simpson John, miller and flour dealer Stephenson Thomas, tailor Thompson EHzab. shopkeeper and saddler Thompson James, shopkeeper Thompson Thomas, inland revenue officer Todd Wilham, vict. Queeii's Head Taylor John, joiner and builder Taylor ^joiner and cabinet maker Taylor Eobert, tailor Wake George, farmer Wake George, boot and shoemaker Watson William, blacksmith W^ardle Hannah, flour dealer Wardle Eobert, butcher Waters James, cabinet maker W^elch Wilham, vict. White Sican Wilson Tate, earthenware dealer Younger George, stonemason Caeriee.— To Alnwick, Eobert Elliott, on Saturday. WTDDETNGTON PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. 7S1 WIDDRINGTON PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. WiDDRixGTON IS a parochial chapeliy situated between the parishes of Woodhorn and Warkworth, having the sea for its eastern and Ulgham chapehy for its western boundary. It comprises the three small villages of Widdring- ton, Dunridge, and Linton, whose united area is 4,530 acres, and rateable value £4,156 17s. The population in 1801, was 446; in 1811, 370; in 1821, 388; in J831, 395; in 1841, 447; and in 1851, 429 souls. It possesses a rich, strong, cla^^ey soil, suitable both for pasturage and tillage, and Lord Vernon is the proprietor of the whole chapelry, with the exception of the Constablewick of Linton, which is the property of Mrs. Askew. Widdring- ton was formerly included in the parish of Woodhorn, but, in 1768, it was admitted to the enjoyment of separate and distinct parochial privileges. This manor was formerly the property of a family which bore the local name, Gerard de Widdrington possessing it in the reign of Edward III. ; and we find Yarious members of this family stand conspicuous in the list of sheriffs of the county. Sir William Widdrington, a most zealous royalist, was created Lord Widdrington by Charles L, in 1643, and w^as subsequently slain at Wigan, in 1651. William, the third Lord Widdrington, having taken part with the Earl of Derwentwater, suffered attainder in 1715, when his real and jDersonal estate, amounting to £100,000, was sold for public use, the purchaser being Sir George Revel, from whom it descended by heiresses to Viscount Bulkeley, and subsequently to the present proprietors. The Village of Widdrington is pleasantly situated on an eminence eight and a half miles N. N. E. of Morpeth. The Church is an ancient structure, consisting at present of a nave and chancel, though it appears to have been much larger at one period. The living, a perpetual curacy in the arch- deaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Morpoth, is returned at £56, gross income £71. Patron, Lord Vernon ; incumbent, the Rev. R. Errington. The register commences in 1698. Here is a Presbyterian Chapel in com- munion with the Church of Scotland. There is also a school with a house and garden for the master. The old castle of Widdrington was destroyed by fire about eighty years ago ; and upon its site another edifice called the Castle, has been erected. Here is a station on the Newcastle and Berwick llail- wa3^ High and Low Chibburn are two farmsteads in this chapelry, distant about half a mile from each other, and three quarters of a mile north-east of Widdrington. DuxXRidge is a small village on the sea coast one mile east of Widdrington. Linton is a constablewick and hamlet, on the river Line, two and a half miles south of Widdrington. Charity. — Sir George Warren left a rent charge of £2 per annum to be appropriated to the repairs of the chapel. Post Office, Widdrington, Matthew Bell, Postmaster. Letters aiTive from Morpeth, at 1,30 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 2 p.m. 7-n MOEPETH ^yARD— BAST DlVfSlO^\ Bell Matthe'iV, shopkeeper, shoemaker, and pari.sh clerk Edwards Res'. Matthew, (Presbyterian) Forster Isabella, blaeksmith Forster Margaret, vict. Vernon Arms Forster Robert, butcher Heslop John, schoolmaster Lawson Margaret, shopkeeper Muers John, keeper of the castle Potts Robert, shoemaker Sti'ong Henry, coal agent Urpeth Robert, joiner and shopkeeper Farmers Annett Henry Jacob Annett Jacob William Annett J ohn BelL Richard and Jacob, High Chibbura Brown Alice, West Steads Henderson John, Middle Ste^(fe', ll'iO T80S[ Mather William, Hemscott Hill ' '"^ -^^m-^oU Robson John (yeoman), Houndyiee' /^ grniifjA Stamp Richard, Sonth Steads -r. ..,.--; i WOODHORN PAEISH. WooDHORN parish is boiinded on the north bj Widdrington chapehy, on the west by Bothal and Ulgham, on the south bj^ Bedlingtonshire, and on the east by the German Ocean. It is about four and three-quarter miles in length, by two and a half in breadth, and comprises an area of 8,546 acres. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 1,208; in 1811, 1,172 ; in 182i;^' 1,378; in 1831, 1,416; in 1841, 1,618; and in 1851, 1,598 souls. The';:; soil of this district is generally fertile. The parish coiitains the chapelry of," Newbiggin, and the townships of Cresswell, Ellington, Hurst, Linmouth, North Seaton, Woodhorn, and Woodhorn Demesne. Cr.EsswELL is a township and village forming with the township of Elling-/ ton a district parish, since the year 1836. The township of Cresswell con- ' tains 1,078 acres, and its rateable value is £1,595 14s. Population in 1801, ' 183; in 1811, 194; in 1821, 303; in 1831, 251; in 1841, 253; and in 1851, 251 souls. It has been the property of the CressweU family since the reign of King John. The Village of Cresswell is situated on the sea- shore, nine miles north-east by east of Morpeth. The Church is a hand- some edifice in the later English style of architecture. It was erected, in 1836, at a cost of £2,000, principally defrayed by A. J. Baker CressweU, Esq., who has also endowed it with £100 per annum. The greater portion of the windows in this church are filled with stained glass. Rev. John E.Xeefe; incumbent. In connexion with the church there are two schools, a " mixed '.. school," situated in the township of Ellington, and a female school near the * church, which is supported by Mrs. Cresswell. The Parsonage, a neat build-^ '^ ' ing in the same style as the church, is situated at Ellington. Cressweix Hall is a fine structure in the Grecian style of architecture, erected in 1829, -'' from the designs of Mr. John Shaw, of London. It is situated on an eminence '''^^^ near the village and about half a mile from the sea. *jfUI CressweU A. J. Baker, Esq. Cresswell Hall Cook Elizabeth, land proprietor, Bleak- moor House Henderson Edwai'd, vict. Cresswell Arms Lawson Miss Barbara Leech Hannah E. schoolmistress Mills John, beer retailer T80 Ramshope Shotley Simonburn Slaley Stamfordham St. John Lee Thockrington Thorneyburn Warden AVark Whitfield Acres. Hone s. POPULATION- Males. Females. Total. 37.2G7 1,132 3,286 3,097 6,383 20,211 487 793 801 1,594 0,720 96 205 223 428 4 12 11 23 0,512 85 244 236 480 17.784 300 877 797 1,674 12,950 234 575 576 1,151 13,130 430 1,084 1,079 2,163 11,132 230 291 288 579 57,700 96 306 250 502 18,003 41 136 115 251 55,229 1,030 2,758 2,621 5,879 13,088 403 1,027 1,058 2,085 4,663 163 393 420 813 27,973 953 3,095 3,442 6,537 8,290 34 99 71 170 6,665 54 166 119 285 1,760 33 82 71 153 13,351 148 322 357 679 7,144 136 565 352 917 2,698 64 213 152 365 2 7 9 16 6,705 103 290 261 551 15,740 778 2,061 1,901 3,962 1,010 1 8 5 13 12.460 13,372 229 214 628 515 59.9 565 1,227 1,080 7,430 131 283 298 581 18,089 364 882 889 1,781 15,090 394 1,029 1,044 2,073 6,943 39 90 83 173 20,133 62 179 161 340 3,122 113 338 308 646 22,986 193 438 427 865 12,125 64 184 156 340 TINDALE WARD. 763 This district is bounded on the north by Coquetdale Ward, on the vrest by Cum- berland and Scotland, on the south by Durham and a part of Cumberland, and on the east by Morpeth and Castle Wards. Its average length from east to west is about thirty miles, and its breadth from north to south twenty- eight miles. It contains a great variety of soil and aspect, rich and cultivated lands being found in the middle and eastern parts, while the rest of the ward is very wild and mountainous, covered with heath, and producing abundance of lead ore, excellent stone, coal, limestone, and other minerals. It is inter- sected by the rivers Tyne, Allen, Devil Water, and Keed, besides a great number of smaller streams, or burns, which flow in every direction. There are also ses'eral lakes or loughs as Greenlee, Broomley, Little Cow, Grindon, and Crag Lough. CHARITIES OF TINDALE WARD. Date Donors and nature of gifts. To what places & purposes applied. Annual value. 1599. Hexham Grammar School (rent and interest) ^21 17 3 Alrashoiise Hexham, (rent (feinterest) 6 3 7 1617. John Shield (rent charge) Allendale parish — poor 10 Poor's Money (interest) Allendale parish — poor 1 15 16o4. Mabel Ord (interest) ..Hexham — poor 5 1637. Jane Lawson (rent charge) Hexham — 40 poor widows on ^ Good Friday 2 1863. Sir T. Widdrington (rent) Stamfordham parish school . . 200 ] 675. James Cresswell (rent) Hexham — poor 8 1679. Mary Fenwick (rent) Hexham — apprenticing poor . . 19 17 2 1679. Giles Heron (rent) School at Wark — poor of the parish of Simonburn on All Saints'-day, and Good Friday and apprenticing 180 Nicholas Wilkinson (rent charge) . . Whitfield parish — poor 6 10 1680. Ursula Monntney (rent charge) .... Warden parish — poor 3 William Errington (interest) Warden parish — poor 1 1680. Ursula Monntney (rent charge) .... St. John Lee parish — poor .... 2 10 1080. Ursula Mountney (rent charge) .... Hexham — poor 3 1680. Ursula Mountney (rent charge) .... Corbridge parish — poor 1 1680. Ursula Mountney (rent charge) .... ChoUerton parish — poor 2 ] 685. Eev. J. Shaftoe (rent) Master of school at Dean Eaw, Haydon Bridge 10 1688. Dame E. Eadcliffe (rent charge) Slaley parish — poor 2 1688. Dame E. Eadchfie (rent charge) .... Corbridge parish — poor 10 1688. Dame E. Eadcliffe (rent charge) .... By well, St. Peter's parish — poor 400 Matthew CaiT (rent charge) Slaley parish — poor 5 Esther Allgood (rent charge) Slaley parish — poor 1 10 1692. John Coulson (rent charge) Hexham — •poor 1 1692. W. Hutchinson and C. Wilkinson (rent) Allendale Grammar School .... 62 5 1693. Teasdale and Fenwick (rent charge) Bywell, St. Peter's parish — poor 1 10 1698. Henry Paston (rent charge) Stamfordham parish — poor.... 12 1699. Edward Fletcher (dividends) Ovingham parish — poor 2 1699. Ann Eadcliffe (rent charge) Hexham — poor and apprenticing 20 Carried forward ^604 17 1] 3 A T64 TINDALE WAED. Brought forward ........ £604 1711 1699. Ann Badoliffe (rent charge) Corbridge parish — poor and ap- prenticing 20 Copyhold Allotment (rent) Hexham — poor 2 10 1706. Eev. Robert Troutbeek (rent) Parish of Corbridge andChapeky of Plalton— poor 33 2 6 1707. John Blackett (dividends) Ovingham parish— poor on All Saints' Day 6 1709. M. & D. Allgood (interest) ..;* u .. Hexham,— poor 400 Johnson and Forbes (rent) .... i ... Hexham — poor 800 1710. Nicholas Ridley (rent charge) Haltwhistle parish — poor .... 2 Thomas Howden (rent charge) .... Hexham, twenty poor widows.. 10 1717. Rev; George Ritschell (rent charge) Fortypoor widows of parish of St. John, Newcastle, the like of the city of Carlisle, and the like of township of Hexham Is. each on St. Thomas's-day, poor of Whiteley and parish of Slaley £2.; and Society of sons of clergy at Newcastle, £2... 10 1720. Ann Wilson (rent charge) Allendale parish — ^poorof Keenly Quarter 10 Nine Banks School, Allendale parish (rent charge) 1 1725. Anthony Surtees (interest) Ovingham parish, aged poor men and women and fatherless children i 2 10 1729. M. Cart (rent charge) Slaley parish School 3 10 1730. J. Reed (interest) Bellingham School 12 Bywell, St. Andrew's Parish School (rent charge) 8 Fenwick and others (interest) Bywell St. Andrew's parish — poor .; 1 2 1740. Thomas Rawe (rent charge) Bywell St. Peter's parish — poor 5 1748. Ann Johnson (interest) Hexham — poor on 26th July. . 2 15 1759. John Stephenson (rent charge) .... Kirkhaugh parish, eight poor widows, equally ...;.;.-.., 2 1759. John Stephenson (rent) Knaresdale parish eight poor widows, equally .... .... 2 1764. Robert Andrews (rent charge) .... Hexham poor not receiving rehef 2 10 1764. Robert Andrews (rerit charge) .... St. John Lee parish — poor not receiving relief 1 10 1771. M. Vernol (rent charge) St. John Lee Parish School . . 10 i790. John Robson (rent charge) Haltwbistle parish — poor .... 3 1796. A. Young (interest) Shotley Parish School 4 4 1798. J. Gibson (rent charge) Corbridge parish, Halton School 4 1719. Lady Capel (rent) , Haltwhistle, Lady Capel's School 37 10 1800. Robson & Brown (rent chargfe) .... Corbridge paiish, twenty poor in- habitants 4 1812. Rev. Abraham Brown (interest) .... Chapelry of AVhitley — poor and chapel school, one moiety each 9 Dixon and others (rent) Hexham, minister and poor of High and Middle quarters . . 11 1815. Christopher Gregson (rent charge) .. Ovingham pai'ish — poor ...... 4 4 Unknown (rent charge) Kirkhaugh parish — education.. 2 10 Total............ ^£819 11 11 TINDALE WARD— EAST DIVISION. 765 TINDALE WARD.— EAST DIVISION. BYWELL ST. ANDREW'S PARISH. Btwell St. Andrew's is a small parish, extending along both sides of the Tjne, from Corbridge to the village of Bywell, where the churches of this, and the adjoining parish of Bywell St. Peter, are situated. It comprises the townships of Beal, Broomhaugh, Riding, Stocksfield Hall, and Stj^ford, whose united area is 3,512 acres. The population of the parish in 1801, was 402; in 1811, 498; in 1821, 399; in 1831, 436; in 1841, 452; and in 1851, 480 souls. For the village of By well, see Bywell St. Peter's parish, page 767. Beal is a township and hamlet, the property of W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The area of the township is 421 acres, and its rateable value £618 15s. 6d. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 69; in]811,62; in 1821, 56; inl831,70; in 1841,36; and in 1851, 48 souls. The Hamlet of Beal is situated about four miles east of Corbridge, and the principal resident is John Angus, farmer. Broomhaugh is a township and small village, the property of Charles B. Grey, Esq., W. B. Beaumont, Esq., Jacob Wilson, Esq., and the Executors of John Shields, Esq. The township contains 800 acres, and its rateable value is £928 8s. 2d. Population in 1801,93; in 1811, 105; in 1821, 116; in 1831, 115 ; in 1841, 100 ; and in 1851, 134 souls. It is intersected by the Newcastle and Carlisle railway. The Village of Broomhaugh is situated three miles south-east of Corbridge. Here is a school which was endowed, in 1851, with a sum of £38 per annum, by the landed proprietors of the neigh- bourhood. Directory. — Rev. Joseph Jacques ; Martin Cook, shoemaker ; W^illiam Johnson, gardener; John Newbiggin, shopkeeper ; Sarah Richardson, grocer; George Soulsby, merchant tailor ; and the farmers are Mary Burdis; Priscilla Marshall; and John Temperley, Riding is a township and hamlet, the property of Charles B. Grey, Esq., Jacob Wilson, Esq., Mr. John Blackburn, of Riding Hills, and Lord Charles Beauclerc. The township comprises an area of 1,007 acres, and its ra,teable value is £1,090. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 105 ; in 1811, 139; in 1821, 135; inl831,151; in 1841, 132; and in 1851, 141 souls. The Newcastle and Carlisle railway passes through this township. The Village of Riding is situated at the point where the Watling Street inter- sects the north road from Newcastle to Hexham, three and tln-ee-quarter miles south-east by south of Corbridge. Here is a station upon the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, Matthew Robson, station master. Directory. — John Blackburn, yeoman, Riding Hills ; Cuthbert Dixon, 766 TINDALE WARD—EAST DIVISION. joiner and cartvvright ; Margaret Havelock, publican ; John Jemsons, smith ; Miss Caroline Loraine ; and tlie farmers are Archibold Little ; and Eobert PJchardson, Stocksfield Hall township is situated five and a half miles E.S.E. of Corhridge, on the south side of the Tyne, opposite to Bjwell, and is the pro- T)erty of W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. It comprises 811 acres, and the rateable value is £555. Its population in 1801, was 24 ; in 1811, 26 ; in 1821, 23 ; in 1831, 35 ; in 1841, 29 ; and in 1851, 27 souls. Stocksfjeld Hall, the building which gives name to the township, is a substantial and respectable farm house, the residence of Messrs. John and Edward Lee. DiRECTOEY. — George Ellison, farmer. Lead Hill ; and John and Edward Lee, farmers, Stocksfield Hall, Styford is a township and hamlet, the property of Charles B. Grey, Esq., wdio is also the possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The township contains 973 acres, and its rateable value is £1,291. The number of inhabi- tants in 1801, was 11 1 ; in 1811, 96 ; in 1821, 69; in 1831, 65 ; in 1841, 104 ; and in 1851, 84 souls. The Hamlet of Styford is on the north bank of the Tyne, two and three-quarter miles south-east of Corbridge. Styford Hall, the seat of Charles B. Grey, Esq., is a plain substantial building, pleasantly situated near the Tyne, and is surrounded with extensive grounds, on all sides but the south, wdiere a beautiful plain extends to the river's bEtnk. Directory. — Charles B. Grey, Esq., Styford Hall ; James Oliver, bailiff; Thomas Pace, joiuer; John Stevenson, gardener, Styford Hall; and the farmers are John Leadbitter, Brocks Bushes ; and Bichard Shanks, High Barns. BYWELL ST. PETER'S PARISH. Byv\/'ell St. Peter's is a parish comprising the townships of East Acomb, iVpperley, Broomley, Bywell St. Andrew and St. Peter, Espershields with Millshields, High Fotherly, Healy, Newlands, Newton, Nerwton Hall, Stelling, and the chapelry of Whittonstall. It is bounded by the parishes of Corbridge, Slaley, Ovingham, and Shotley, and a part of the county of Durham, and contains an area of 17,784 acres. Its population in 1801, w^as J, 303; in 1811, 1,317; inl821, 1,406; in 1831, 1,478 ; in 1841, 1,512 ; andin 1851, 1,674 souls. A portion of this parish is very fertile, with a beautifully diversi- fied surface, but the remainder consists of wild moors, of which about 2,979 acres were enclosed in 1817-18, pursuant to an act of parliament, obtained^ in 1812. ": Acomb (East) towmship is situated one mile north of Bywell, and contains an area of 391 acres, the property of W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who is also > lord of the manor. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 23; in 1811,.'.| 42; in 1821,51; in 1841, 37; and in 1851, 53 souls. The rateable value*; is £425, and the principal resident is George Woodman, farmer. BYWELL ST. PETEIl"^ PARISH. 707 Appeeley is a township the property of R. S. Surtees, Esq. It contains 429 acres, and the rateable value is £338. Population in 1831, '^3 ; in 1841, 34 ; and in 1851, 38 souls. Apperley was formerly considered to be an extra-parochial jDlace, but is now included in the returns for this parish. It is situated about two and a half miles south by east of Bywell, and consists of one farm, which is occupied by John Browell, farmer. Broomley is a township and small village, the property of Mr. Wrightson and W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who are also lords of the manor. The township contains 3,459 acres, and its rateable value is £2,614. The number of in- habitants in 1801, was 260 ; in 1811, 318; in 1821, 354 ; in 1831,345 ; in 1841, 314 ; and in 1851, 409 souls. The Village of Broomley is situated one mile and three quarters south-west of Bywell. Horse Close, is a hamlet in this township, one mile and three quarters south-east of Bywell. Ridley (Old, and Nevv"), are also two hamlets in Broomley township, about two miles south of Bywell. Post Office, Stocksfield Station, Jolin Eobson, Postmasfer — Letters arrive, from Newcastle and Gateshead, at 11-46 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 4-3 L lo.m. There is a second despatch to Gateshead at 9-8 p.m. Letters are taken for delivery per foot post at 31-15 a.m. to Bywell, Peepy, Newton, Newton Hall, the Weltons, and Harlow Hill, retiu'ning hy the same route, and receiving letters for the Stocksfield Station, where it arrives at 7 p.m. Directory. — William Arkley, blacksmith ; Thomas Reay, inkeeper, Rail- ivaij Tavern ; and the farmers are George Angus ; John Hunter, Hindley ; George Ellison, Lead Hills ; and Thomas Ridley. Bywell is a township and village, in the parishes of Bywell St. Peter and Bywell St. Andrew. The township comprises an area of 1,006 acres, and its rateable value is £2,952. Its population in 1801, was 199 ; in 1811, 164 ; in 1821, 174 ; in 1831, 172 ; in 1841, 182 ; andin 1851, 176 souls. Bywell Barony was formerly held by the family of Baliol, for the service of five knights' fees to the king, and thirty knights' fees for ward of Newcastle. In the reign of Richard II., it was the property of the Nevilles, lords of Raby, who having forfeited it in 1571, it was purchased by a branch of the Fenwick family. It afterwards came into the possession of the Rev. Septimus Hodg- son, who married the ^\idow of the last of the Fenwicks, of Bywell; it was subse- quently purchased by Thomas W. Beaumont, Esq., for £145,000, and still con- tinues in his family, the present possessor being W. B. Beaumont, Esq., M.P. The Village of Bywell occupies a pleasant situation, on the north side of the Tyne, eight miles east by south of Hexham, and four miles E.S.E. of Corbridge. The river Tyne is here crossed by a handsome and substantial stone bridge of five arches, with two dead ones at the south end, which have been constructed as a precaution against heavy floods. This structure was erected in 1838, by T. W. Beaumont, Esq., at a cost of £1,500, and is free to the public. South of the Tyne, are some very handsome houses, which have been recently erected by W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who liberally supports a school here, which was established in 1851. Here is also a Library and Newsroom ; the latter is well supplied with the London and provincial papers, and the former possesses 400 volumes of works in general literature. 768 TINDALE WAED EAST DIYISTON. This village possesses the two parochial churches of St. Peter and St. An- drew, one of which, tradition informs us, was huilt in consequence of a dispute for precedence between two sisters, one of whom founded a church of her own, of which she exercised tlie patronage, &c., to the exclusion of the other. St. Peter's is an ancient edifice of considerable magnitude, with a square tower. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Corbridge, is valued in the Liber Regis at £9 18s. l|-d., gross income £1'20. The patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Incumbent, the Rev. B. E. Dwarris, M.A. The register of St. Peter's commences in 1663. St. Andrew's is a small structure, with a lofty steeple. The living is a dis- charged vicarage in the same archdeaconry and deanery as St. Peter's, and is valued in the Liber Regis at £3 9s. Qd., gross income £179. Patron, W. B. Beaumont, Esq. ; incumbent, the Rev. Joseph Jacques. The register of St. Andrew's commences in 1668. Bywell Hall, the seat of W. B. Beaumont, Esq., is an elegant mansion erected from designs by Paine, and occupies a fine lawn girt by forest trees, on the north bank of the river Tyne, a short distance from the ruins of the old baranial castle of Bywell. The appearance of the village of Bywell is very pleasing. From the road near the brink of the river, which forms here a beautiful cascade about ten feet in height, a mill is seen on the right hand, a salmon loch on the left, the town and its two churches stretch with a fine curvature along the banks of the upper basin of the river, while the time-worn ruins of the ancient fortress of the Baliols appear towering above the trees on the right, and the whole back-ground of the landscape is covered •with wood. In 1760, a mason named Robinson, wliile angling in the river Tyne, at Bywell, after a flood, found a small silver cup, of Roman manu- facture, bearing the inscription " Desideri vivas" round the neck. He sold it to a goldsmith in Newcastle, for fifteen shillings, but it was subsequently claimed by William Fen wick, Esq., as lord of the manor of Bywell. It was probably washed out of the banks above Corbridge, w'here other Roman vessels of silver are said to have been formerty turned out by the floods. Chaeities. — In 1668, Dame E. Radcliffe, left to the poor of the parish of St. Peter, especially those of the chapelry of Yfhittonstall and the township of Newland, £1., to be distributed on St. Lucie's day, and in 1693, Messrs. Teasdale and Fenwick left a rent charge of £1 10s. to the poor of the same parish. In 1740, Thomas Rav>^e bequeathed a rent charge of five shillings per annum for the same place and purpose. The poor of St. Andrew's parish have also a bequest consisting of the interest of £22 which, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report, amounted to £1 2s. per annum. St. Andrew's Parish School is endowed with a rent charge of £8 a year. Allen William, stonemason & builder Arkle "William, joiner Atkinson John, farmer, Peepy Avery William, stonemason Beaumont W. B. Esq. Bywell Hall Dwarris Eev. B. E. vicar of St. Peter's Ferguson Jas. D. land agent, Bywell Castle Eocldam Margaret, grocer Surtees Thomas, gamekeeper Trotter John innkeeper & corn miller Womack John, farmer &yeterinary surgeon, Shildon HiU BYWELL ST. PETEE S PARISH. 769 EsPERSHiELDs is a township and hamlet the property of H. C. Silvertop Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The township contains 3,389 acres, and its rateable value is £725. Population in 1801, 160 ; in 1811, 185 ; in 1821, 180; in 1831, 195; in 1841, 191; and in 1851, 187 souls. The Ha^tlet of Espershields is situated eight miles south-west by south of By- well, and a little to the west of this place is Whinnis Hill, where a Friend's Meeting House was erected in 1775. A village is supposed to have formerly stood at the place now called Hare-town. In ancient times a thick wood ex- tended fi'om Espershields to Newbiggin, in the adjoining county of Durham, but it is said to have to have been burnt down by the owner, who was well known by the name of " Mad Maddison," and who was afterwards hanged for murder at Durham. Minster Acres Hall, the residence of Henry 0. Silvertop, Esq., is situated in this township, and is surrounded by extensive pleasure grounds and plantations, wdiich extend into the townships of Espershields, High Fotherly, and the parish of Shotley, ^nd in its vicinity is a lake covering an area of four acres. The hall is a substantial stone building, adjoining which a Catholic Church has been recently erected, at the sole expense of the owner of the mansion. The foundation stone of this church was laid on the 13th of Sep- tember, 1852, by the Hon. Mrs. Silvertop. It is dedicated to St. Elizabeth, and was opened on the 24th August, 1854, on which occasion the Bishop of Hexham officiated. It is a beautiful Gothic structure in the decorated style, consisting of a nave, from which the sanctuary is railed off, and is lighted by six windows filled wdth excellent specimens of stained glass, representing the patron saints of the various members of the Silvertop family. On the right of the altar is the sacristy, and over it, forming a kind of tribune, the organ and choir gallery. A cloister, or triforium, opens to the church, running along the north side, and connecting the private gallery at the west end with the house. The church is adorned with a beautiful clock turret and spire, and will accommodate about 200 persons. Rev. Joseph Watson, chaplain. Mill Shields forms a joint township with Espershields, and is situated on the Derwent about one mile east of the latter place. Bewick John William, agent, Minsteracres Cottage Cawtliorn Thomas, brick and tile manu- facturer, High D.Iinsteracres Ford Andrew, blacksmith Harker Kichard, Minsteracres Moody John, woollen manufacturer, &c. Millshields Silvertop Henry C. Esq. Minsteracres Hall Swallow Hopper, farm-bailiff, Minsteracres Watson Rev. Joseph, chaplain Farmers Bolam Charles, Millshields Hepple John, Espershields Hepple William, Cronkley Hunter John, Winnis Hill Johnson Wilham, Millshields Lawson John, West Minsteracres Lawson William, West Minsteracres Todd Thomas, Newfield Fotherley (High) township is situated on both sides of the Stocksfield Burn, three miles S.S.W. of BywelL It is the property of H. C. Silvertop, Esq., who is also lord of the manor, and its rateable value is £334. Population in I 770 TiNDALfi WABD-^EAST DIVISION. 1801,91; in 1811, 90; in 1821, 92; in 1831, 105 ; in 1841, 106; and in 1851, 142 souls. Low Fothekley is a farm in this township. DiREGTOEY. — William Barron, blacksmith and agricultural implement maker, Scales Cross; John Hornsby, stonemason; John Smith, Low Fother- ley ; Michael Surtees, Lingesy Field ; and the farmers are Joseph Lambert, Fairlemay; Anthony and William Richardson, High Fotherley ; John Smith, Low Fotherley ; and Henry Surtees, High Fotherley. Healy, a township situated four miles south-west of By well, comprises an area of 2,128 acres, and its rateable value is £377 15s. 8d. R. Ormston, Esq. is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 51 ; in 1811, 59 ; in 1821, 49 ; in 1831, 54 ; in 1841, 65 ; and in 1851, 67 souls. Healy House, the seat of R. Ormston, Esq., is a hand- some mansion in the Elizabethan style, erected in 1831. Directory. — Robert Ormston, Esq., Plealy House and 5, Saville-place, Newcastle ; Joseph Dobson, land agent for R. Ormston, Esq., Healy Burnt House ; John Trotter, corn miller, and at Bywell ; Matthew Jewitt, gardener and wood-keeper; W. E. and R. Wightman, farmers. Newton is a township and hamlet the property of Thomas Hedley and Brothers ; W. B. Beaumont, Esq., is the possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The township contains 747 acres, and its rateable value is £973 5s. The population in 1801, was 137; in 1811,101; in 1821, 105; in 1831, 111; in 1841, 127; and in 1851, 138 souls. The Hamlet of New- ton is two miles north by west of Bywell, Directory. — Edward Carlton, blacksmith ; Christopher Charlton, black- smith ; and the farmers are Thomas Bownas, Newton Village Farm ; John Navin ; John Robson, Newton Fell House ; J. and L. Robson, and James Stokoe, and innkeeper. Newton Hall is a township situated two and a half miles north of Bywell. It is the property of W. F. Blackett, Esq., its rateable value is £931, and the tithes, which belong to H. Silvertop, Esq., are valued at £100 per annum. This township comprises an area of 715 acres, and its population in 1801, was 107; in 1811, 95; in 1821, 89; in 1831, 84; in 1841, 95; and in 1851, 106 souls. Newton Hall, which gives name to this township, is a neat modern mansion, the seat of W. F. Blackett, Esq. Directory. — W. F. Blackett, Esq., Newton Hall ; W. Armstrong, cart- wright ; Nicholas Harrison, schoolmaster ; and the farmers are Edward Charlton; George Hall; and Johnson Lambert, and innkeeper, Shaiv House Inn. Steeling is a small township, the property of J. H. Flind, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. It contains 222 acres, and its rateable value is £334. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 17 ; in 1811, 19 ; in 1821, 12; in 1831, 17 ; in 1841, 53 ; and in 1851, 32 souls. Stelling is situated about two and a half miles north of Bywell. Directory. — John Charlton, farmer, Stelhng Hall Farm; and Mrs. Sarah Hodgins, Stelling Hall. Whittonstall is a chapelry township and village, the property of the COEBEIDGE PARISH. 771 Commissioners of Greemvicli Hospital, to whom tlie manorial rights belong. It was separated from ByweU St. Peters parish, and became a distinct chapehy for ecclesiastical purposes, in 1774, when it received an aug- mentation from Queen Anne's bounty. It comprises the townships of Whittonstall and Newlands, the former of which contains 1,968 acres, and its rateable value is £1,673 10s. Population in 182], 146; in 1831, 175 ; in 1841, 184 ; and in 1851, 198 souls. Here is a drain-tile manu- factory, which is carried on by Mr. William Dinning. The Village of Whittonstall is situated about three and a half miles south by east of Bywell. The Chapel is a plain stone building, containing about 305 sittings, and was erected in 1832, from the materials of the former chapel, on whose site it partly stands. The living is a perpetual curacy in the gift of the Dean and Chapter of Durham, and incumbency of the Rev. Richard Marshall. The register of this chapelry commences in 1754. Whittonstall School was erected by subscription in 1846; it is self supporting, and under government inspection. W. Gibson, teacher. Farmers Harrison Cutlibert Hunter Cutlibert and John, High Field Hunter Edward, Whittonstall Hall Farm Robinson Thomas, and coalowner, Grey Mare Hill Taylor Thomas, Fairley ■Wilkinson George, Whittonstall Lawson's Farm Askew Thomas, woodkeeper, Hood's Close, Erown Isaac, butcher, Fairley Codling Edward Dinning William, drain-tile manufacturer Gibson W. schoolmaster Green Joseph, shoemaker Marshall Rev. Eichard, incumbent Oley Richard, shoemaker and grocer Proud Joseph, blacksmith Surtees George, innkeeper Newlands is a township and hamlet, containing 1,701 acres, the property of the Commissioners of Greemvich Hospital, and its rateable value is £1,145. The population in 1801 and 1811, was returned with Whittonstall ; in 1821, it was 154; in 1831, 161 ; in 1841, 168; and in 1851, 174 souls. The Hamlet of Newland is situated five miles south by east of Bywell. The Wesleyan Methodists have a chapel here. DiEECTORT. — John Lowes, blacksmith ; Edward Turner, shoemaker ; and the farmers are Edward Soppitt, Newland Grange ; and William Watson. CORBRIDGE PARISH. CoRBRiDGE is a parish, comprising the townships of Aydon, Aydon Castle, Olarewood, Corbridge, Dilston, Halton, Halton Shields, Thornborough, Wliit- tington Great, and Whittington Little. It is about eight miles in length from north to south, but its average breadth does not exceed two and a half miles, and comprises an area of 13,1 30 acres. Its population in 1801, was 1,744 ; in 1811, 1,979; in 1891, 3,037 ; in 1831, 2,091 ; in 1841, 2,103 ; and in 1851, 2,163 souls. The whole of this district is in an exceUent state of cultivation, and contains great quantities of lead, coal, and lime. There are also several large plantations in various parts of the parish, the property of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. 3 a 2 773 TINDALE WARD-^EAST DIVISION. CoFvBRTDGE is a townsliip, formerly also a borough and market town, in tlie parish of the same name. The principal landowners are the Duke of Nor- thumberland, the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, Isaac Crawhall, Esq., and Mrs. Joseph Crawhall. The Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor. The townsliip comprises an area of 4,499 acres, and its rateable value is £8,267 2s. 6d. The number of rateable landowners and houses is J 76. The tithes were commuted in 1829, aggregate amount, £520. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 1,032, in 1811, 1,182 ; in 1821, 1,254 ; in 1831, 1,292; in 1841, 1,336; and in 1851, 1,363 souls. The manor of Cor- bridge was granted by King John, to Robert, son of Roger de Clavering, Baron of Warkworth, to hold with all its regalities, in fee farm, by the annual payment of £40, with the privilege of a weekly market, and an annual fair, on the eve, day, and day after the festival of St. John the Baptist. The Town of Corbridge occupies an agreeable situation, in the immediate vicinity of the Roman station Corchester, on the north bank of the river Tyne, seventeen miles west from New^castle, four miles east of Hexham, and 280 miles N.N. W. of London. It is well built, and several of the houses have some pretensions to architectural elegance. It has a good supply of excellent water, which is conveyed through pipes from two reservoirs in the immediate neighbourhood, and there is an excellent stone bridge of eleven arches at the entrance to the town ; it was erected in 1674, and is the only bridge on the Tyne, wdiich survived the great floods of 1771. Corbridge has been a place of some importance from the earliest period of our history, possessing at one time no less than iive churches, and returning two members to parliament. The Roman station, Corstojntum, now Corches- ter, is situated at a short distance west of the tovm, and out of its ruins the present parish church seems to have been erected. Several remains of antiquity have been dug up here, and various altars, inscriptions, coins, and other curiosities, have been discovered, some of which are now in possession of the Antiquarian Society of Newcastle. In March 1822, as Mr. Carr, of this place, was ploughing a field in front of Stagshaw House, he encountered a large, flat, square stone, wdiicli being removed, was found to cover the mouth of a cavity, about three feet long, two and a half feet wide, and four feet deep, cut in the solid rock. This rude tomb enclosed a small antique urn, composed of sand and clay, uncovered and coarsely ornamented, and containing a few ordinary sized teeth, in perfect preservation, the mouldering remains of a skull, a small heart-shaped amulet of grey slatey stone, perforated for suspension, and a tongue-shaped piece of flint, probably an arrovv^ head. There was no inscription on the stone, no coins were found, nor anytbing to give a clue to its history. After the departure of the Romans from Britain, Corbridge remained a populous place, and we find mention made of a monastery here as early as 771. John of Hexham, in his account of the events of the year 1138, says, that " on Candlemas-day, in that year, David, King of Scotland, with his son and all their forces, arrived and encamped at Corbridge, and, during their continuance there, committed the m.ost horrid barbarities, throughout the COEBRTDGE PARISH. 773 whole neighbourhood." The town was completely destroyed by the Scots under Wallace, m 129T ; it was given to the flames by the adherent of Bruce, in 131'2, and in October, 1346, it w^as again destroj^ed by the Scots, previous to the battle of Neville's Cross. The Church, dedicated to St. Andrew is a very ancient structure. It seems to have been originally a large edifice, but it has undergone considerable repairs and alterations, and the interior, having been much improved, has now a very neat appearance. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Corbridge, valued in the Liber Regis at £11 lis. 8d ; gross income £525. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle ; incumbent, the Rev. Frederick Gipps, M.A. The parish regis- ter commences in 1657. There are also places of worship here for the Wesleyan Methodists, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyan Methodist Re- formers. The educational establishments of Corbridge are at present few in number ; there is a Library and New^sroom, well supplied with books, and the principal newspapers and periodicals ; George Lowry, Esq., treasurer, Michael Thompson, secretary, and John Daglish librarian. A Court Leet and Baron is held at the Angel Inn, on Easter Tuesday, before Sir Walter Riddell, Bart, of Ford, steward of the lord of the manor, when persons may be proceeded against for the recovery of small debts, and other business incident to such courts, is transacted. The great fair of Stagshaw Bank, is held every Whitsuntide and Midsummer, on a large com- mon two miles north of the town. The former is considered one of the largest sheep and cattle fairs in England. Charities. — Mrs. Ursula Mountney, in 1680, bequeathed to the poor of this parish, a rent charge of £1 per annum, and Dame Elizabeth RadclifFe, in 1688, left a rent charge of £10 yearly for the same purpose. Mrs. Ann Radcliffe, in 1699, gave a rent charge of £20 per annum, for the purpose of apprenticing the poor boys of the parish, and the Rev. Robert Troutbeck, vicar of Corbridge, in 1706, bequeathed to the poor of the parish and the chapelry of Halton, a house and a piece of land, v/hich produced, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report, a rent of £32 2s. 6d. per annum. Hannah Brown and Mary Robson, in 1800, left a rent charge of £4 a year to twenty poor inhabitants of Corbridge parish. Post Office, Corbridge. — Thomas Blandford, Postmaster. Letters amva from Newcastle at 11-G a.m., and from Hexham at 4-10 p.m. ; they are despatched to Hexham at 10-45 a.m., and to Newcastle and Gateshead at 4-16 p.m., and 7-30 p.m. Miscellany Atkinson Bohert, flag' merchant, and grocer and draper, Main-street Baty Edward, slater. Hill Top Eirkett Mrs. Susan, The Hollow .Blandford Thomas, auctioneer and ap- praiser, Avgcl Inn, Main-street Carr Mrs. Isabella, Main-street Harrison T. pohce constable, Watling-st Dunn Mrs. Isabella, Heron's Hill Fairlam Mrs. Margaret, Middle street Forster E. watch, itc. maker, ^Yater Eow Forstor Mr. William, Middle-street Gipps Uav. Frederick, M.A., Yicarage Hall Mr. James K. Main-street Havelock W. woodman, Dipton Cottage 774 TiND ALE Ward — east division. Kirsopp Mr. John, Watling-street Lowrey George, surgeon, Bank Head Lumley Mrs. Mary, Watling-street National Guardian Fire and Life In- surance Office, Thomas Blaadford, agent, Main-street Rochester Isabella, baker, &c. Back Eow Shield Mr. Joseph, Main-street Snowball Mr. Cuthbert, Princes-street Turnbull Wm. hairdresser, Main-street Twaddle Blr. George, Main -street Thorburn John Henry, chemist and drug- gist, Middle-street Walker Mr. Joseph, Princes-street White James, saddler, Middle-street Wilson John, hairdresser. Heron's Hill Yellowley William, wholesale grocer, Main street, warehouse Pilgrim-st. Newcastle Academies and Schools Morpeth Ann, Main-street Kirsopp Thomas, Main-st Thompson George (boarding and day), Main- street Blacksmiths Atkin John, senr. Princes-st Atkin Edward, Main-sireet Forster Ralph, Water-row Knott John, Bridge-end Knott William, Main-street Boot and Shoemakei's Armstrong John, Water-row Atkin Joseph, Princes-st Atkin John, Princes-street Dodds Thomas, Middle-st Foggin Joseph, Princes-st Foggin William, Market-pl Forster T. F. Princes-street Gardner Charles, Main-st Henderson John, Watling-st Heppell John, jun.Water-row Herjpell John, Scramble-gate Hutchinson Thos. Market-pl Hutchinson Wm. Market-pl Richley Wm, Watling-street Robson Wm. Princes-street Butchers Hall John, and farmer and gardener. Heron's Hill J. Hall, V/atling-street Innis John, Gormire-row, or Princes-street Robson Wm. Middle- street Richley John, Water-row Richley Rowland, Market-pl Cartwrights Fairless Thos. Heron's Hill Fairless Wm. Main-street Hogarth John,Wathng-street Robson John, Water-row Earthenware Manufacturer Peai'son James Jarvis, Gor- bridge Pottery ; Thos. Har- rison, manage!' Farmers Bell Joseph, Linnels Blackburn John, Riding Hills Carr J. W. R. Orchard House Charlton Wm. Linn el Wood Charlton John, Fearnley Davison Michael, Fearnley Green Joseph, Hill Bank Hall John, and gardener, &c., Heron's Hill Hall John, Princes-street Hall WiUiam, Main-street Harle Thos. Jan., Water-row Kirsopp John, Watling st Morpeth Lancelot,Princes-st Thompson Thomas, Pond-st WalkerBartholomew,Main-st File Manufacturer Marshall James, Water-row Gardeners Beaumont John, Main-st Bowman John and Robert, Main-street Bowman Thos. Back row Brvdon Adam, Princes-st Fallah John, Prior Mains Fawcett Thomas, Back-row Fawcett Wm. Gormire-row Hall John, Heron's Hill Hall John, Princes-street Hall Joseph, Main-street Hall Joseph, Princes-street Hall Bartholomew, Main-st Hall Michael, Middle-street Hall Robert, Middle-street Harle Thos. jun.. Water-row Henderson Thos. Princes-st George E. Scramble-gate Dodds Matthew, Middle-st Grocers and Dealers in Sundries Atkin John, Princes-street Atkinson Robert, and draper, and flag merchant, Main-st Barwick Alice, Princes-st Fairless Ann, Heron's Hill Hall Joseph, Main-street Hall Michael, Middle-street Hall William, Main-street Harle Thomas, Water-row Marshall James, Market-pl Thompson Isabella, W^at- ling-street Thompson Michael,Back-row Turnbull Thos. Wathng-st Knott Wm. Main-street Softley Margaret, Wathng-st Wood Henry, and tailor and draper, Water-row Inns and Taverns Angel, Thomas Blandford, Main-street Black Bull Inn, Jane Ridley Golden Lion, Jane Dodd, Heron's Hill Nciv Blue Bell, Mary Charlton Bailway Inn, Ehzabeth Wetherhell Wheat Sheaf, John Dodd, Watling-street Joiners and Cabinet Makers Fairless John, Heron's Hill Greenwell Wm. Yf athng-st Hogarth Michael, Wathng-st Nicholson Hen. Heron's Hiil Stokoe Thomas, Watliug-st Thompson Michael, and builder. Water-row Painters and Glaziers Fairless Joseph, Market-pl Simpson Geo. Princes-st Wilson Thomas, Main -street Stone Masons Armstrong Jas. Wathng-st Co wen WiUiara, Princes-st CORBRIDGE PAKISH. 775 Forster Wm. Blue Bell Jn;i ' Atkin Ann, Princes- street Surtees John, Heron's Hill Surtees Joseph, Back-row Thompson Joseph,V\'ater- row- Straw Hat Makers Armstrong; J. Watling-st Soulshy Elizabeth,Watling-st Hutchinson John, Watling-s t Soulshy Jahez, Watllng-st Soulshy John, ?,Iain-street Tuhp Wm, Heron's Hill Turnhull Thomas,WatHng-st Wood Henry, and grocer, Water-row Tailors and Drapers Atldn Eohert, Heron's Hill Daglish John, YY''ater-row Henderson Thos. Middle-st Carrier to Newcastle, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; and to Hexham on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, John Morpeth, of Shildon. Newcastle akd Carlisle Eailway, for the conveyance of passengers and merchandise, from Corhridge Station, John Dunn, station master. Aydon is a township aud village, the property of JMr. Lionel Winship,^ and others. The township contains 750 acres, and the rateable value is d61,125. Population in 1801, 109; in 1811, 117; in 1821,94; in 1831, 99; in 1841, 83; and in 1851, 104 souls. The Village of Aydon is situated one mile and a half north-east by east of Corhridge. DiEECTOET. — William Best, merchant tailor, farmer, and grocer ; John and Edward Jameson, lime-burners; Richard Thompson, shopkeeper and lime- burner ; Mr. Lionel AYinship, yeonian ; Mr. Dobson Win'^hip ; and the farmers are Elizabeth Browell ; John Hetherington, Aydon White House ; and Eichard Thompson. Aydon Castle township is situated one mile and a half north-east of Corhridge, and is the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart. It contains 393 acres, and the rateable value is £625 2s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 29; in 1811, 26 ; in]821,31; in 1831, 29; in 1841, 25 ; and m 1851, 23 souls. The tithes are commuted for £56. Aydon was, in former times, a portion of the barony of Hugh de Baliol, and, in 1272, we find it the seat and] property of Emma de Aydon, but it subsequently passed to the Kaymes of Bolam, 'uho were, however, only part possessors, for a moiety was held by the Carnabys of Halton. It afterw^ards became the property of the Claverings, the Carrs, and the Collinsons, by the latter of whom it was sold to John Douglas, Esq., and afterwards passed to the Blacketts of Matfen. This township takes it name from a castle, which belonged, in the reign of Edward I., to the family of Aydon above mentioned ; the ruins of the fortress stand on the west side of a deep dale. This structure is erected in the form of the letter H, with four towers, one at the end of each wing. The walls are very thick, and one of the tov/ers is upwards of sixty feet high, so that in feudal times, it was regarded as a place of great strength. . Several " Eoman remains " have been discovered here, amongst which were two urns, and the effigy of a man. This township consists of only one farm, which is occupied by Robert Rowell, farmer. Claeewood is a township and hamlet, in this parish, containing 805 acres, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., and of which the rateable value is £952 13s. 4d. The population of the township in 1801, was 38 ; in 1811, 64; in 1821, 62; in 1831, 71; in 1841, 55; and in 1851, 55 souls. The Hamlet of Clarewood is situated four and a half miles N.N.E. of Corhridge, 776 TINDALE WAED— EAST DIVISION. Directory. — The farmers are James Eeed ; Charles Scott, Clarewood Fell Head ; and Smith Urwin, Matfen Piers. DiLSTOX, ancieutlj Devilstoue, is a township and village, the propertj' of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. It contains 2,804 acres, and its population in 1801, was 131 ; in 1811, 135 ; in 18S1, 162 ; in 1831, 175 ; in 1841, 200; and in 1851, 204 souls. The rateable value is £2,930. This place was the villa, manor, and seat of the ancient family of the Devil- stones, and was afterw^ards successively the property of the Tindles, the Crasters, the Claxtons, and the Radchffes. It was in the possession of Sir George Radcliffe, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and of Sir Edward Rad- cliffe, in 1652, whose son and heir married Mary Tudor, natural daughter of King Charles II., and was created Baron of Dilston, Yiscount Langley, and Earl of Derwentwater, in 1687. He w^as succeeded by his son James, Earl of Derwentwater, who, having joined the fruitless rising in favour of the " Pretender," in 1715, was taken prisoner, and sentenced to death as a traitor in 1716. He was a young and accomplished nobleman, grandson of Charles II., and had lived retired in his old castle at Dilston. His countess repaired to court, and sunk with streaming eyes at the feet of George to beg a reprieve ; the noblest ladies of the land were at her side, urging her request, but George was inexorable. It is no wonder a ransom of sixty thousand pounds was refused. The young earl died intrepidly, declaring himself a Catholic, and a devoted subject of James III. His princely estates were given to Greenwich Hospital. The Ylllage of Dilston is situated on the east bank of the Devil- Water, one mile south-west of Corbridge. The approach to it is very romantic ; the rivulet, at its junction wdth the Tyne, flows out of a deep dell, which, spreading out a leafy canopy, at least a hmidred feet high, shades the lower objects with a solemn gloom. Of the old baronial seat of the Devilstones, an old tower still remains, but of the mansion of the Dei-wentwaters, the only vestige now^ in existence is the chapel, which is still kept in repair, and though not now used, the reading desk and two pews still remain in it. Dilston House is the residence of John Grey, Esq. Coates Joseph, miller Gvej John, Esq. receiver for the Greenv.ich Hospital Estates, Dilston House Glover Joseph, receiver's clerk, Dilston House: ho. Dilston Pearson Hugh, gardener and farmer, Wide Haugh Nursery House Wi-ight Joseph, bailiff for the Greeu^Yich HosiDital Estates Farmers Benson Thomas, Dilston Haugh Farm Lee Joseph, Dilston New Town Eowell Anthony, Dilston Park Halton is a chapelry, township, and hamlet, in Corbridge parish, the pro- perty of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., who is also lord of the manor. The chapelry embraces the townships of Great Whittiugton, Clarewood, Halton, and Halton Shields. The township comprises an area of 798 acres, and its rateable value is £1,165. The population in 1801, was 74; in 1811, 78 ; in 1823, 60 ; in 1831, 68; in 1841, 46; and in 1851, 48 souls. The tithes amotint to about £110. Halton Castle, in this township, is a strong oblong structure, with four turrets, and in its vicinity is a Chapel of Ease CORBRIDGE PARISH. m to Corbridge cliurch, which was rebuilt in IT06, tow^ards the expense of which John Douglas gave £U6 17s. 2d., and the freeholders of Whittingham £78 Is. Id. The living is united to that of Corbridge. The Hamlet of Haltou is two and a quarter miles north by east of Corbridge. The principal inhabitants are Anthony Hutchinson, farmer, Halton Red House ; Mrs. Mary Hutchinson, Halton Red House ; and Joseph Todd, farmer, Halton Castle. Halton Shields is a township and hamlet in this parish, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart. The township contains 44S acres, and its rate- able value is £573 Cs. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 62 ; in 1811, 67 ; in 1821, 57 ; in 1831, 56; in 1841, 59 ; and in 1851, 64 souls. The corn tithes, in 1854, were £47, and the vicarial tithes, £14. The Hamlet of Halton Shields is situated tliree miles N.N.E. of Corbridge, on the site of the great Roman wall, a little to the east of the station, now called Halton Chesters, but formerly Hunnum, see page 29. Halton Sbields consists of a farm house, and a few cottages, some of which stand upon the Roman wall just mentioned, and are chiefly inhabited by agricultural labourers. Here is a day-school, the teacher of which receives £5 a year as part support from Sir Edward Blackett, Bart. Directory, — Sarah Forster, shopkeeper ; Thomas Humble, schoolmaster ; and John Wardle, farmer, Carr Hill. Thornborough is a township and hamlet containing 714 acres, of which the rateable value is £1,029. The population in 1801, was 84 ; in 1811, 81 ; in 1821, 74; in 1831, 81; in 1841, 60; and in 1851, 62 souls. The Hamlet of Thornborough is situated one mile east of Corbridge. This township is the property of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, and is divided into three farms in the occupancy of Thomas Cowle ; Joseph Dodd ; and J. H. Wood. Whittingtok (Great) is a township and village, the property of Rowland Errington, Esq., James Kirsop, Esq., and others. The township comprises an area of 1,477 acres, and its rateable value is £1,567 10s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 172 ; in 1811, 214 ; in 1821, 224 ; in 1831, 209 ; in 1841, 200; and in 1851, 202 souls. The Village of Whittington is four and a half miles north by east of Corbridge, and consists of some good farm houses and cottages, which are chiefly occupied by agricultural labourers. Here is a Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, erected in 1835, and the Primitive Mfcthodists meet for worship in the school-room. There is a day-school in the village, which has an endowment of £4 per annum, left by James Kirsop, Esq., of Spittal House, and for which ten scholars are to be instructed at two shillings per quarter less than the general charge. — Thomas Harrison, teacher. Amos John, tailor and drapei', and grocer Bell William, tailor Brown Thomas farmer and corn miller, Great Whittington Mills Dunn Thomas, shoeiiiaker Harrison Thomas, schoolmaster Kirsop Eobert, cartwright Liddell John, innkeeper and blacksmith Watson Ealph, joiner and turner Farmers Best Edwd. and lime-burner, Shell Breas TIXDALE WAIID— EAST DIVISION. Eenwick William Robs on Lionel Stobart Elizabeth, Grace, Isabella, and Hannali Wilson Jobn, Lead Gates Wilson William and Benjamin Brown Thornas, and corn miller, Great Wbittington Mills Brown George Carr Thomas, Eoses Bower Cuthbertson John and Thomas Dobinson Bartholomew liirsop Edward Cap.eiees to Newcastle on Saturdays, and to Hexham on Tuesdays, William Pienwick and Edward Watson. Whittixgton (Little) is a township situated three miles north of Cor- bridge. It contains 348 acres, the jiJroperty of Rowland Errington, Esq., and its rateable value is £514. Population in 1801, 20; in 1811, 15; in 1821,19; in 1831, 11 ; in 1841, 19; and in 1851, 38 souls. The soil is fertile, and yields excellent crops of barley and oats, but is chiefly used as grazing land. The whole township consists of one farm, which is occupied by Mr. Robert Ord, farmer. HEDDON-ON-THE-WALL PARISH. Heddon-on-the-Wall parish comprises the townships of Eachwick, Iled- don (East), Heddon-on-the-Wall, Heddon (West), Houghton and Closehouse, and Whitchester. It is bounded by the parishes of Newburn, Ovingham, Stamfordham, and Ponteland, and by the river Tyne, which separates it from Durham. It is about four miles in length by the same in breadth, and com- prises an area of 4,663 acres. The population in 1801, was 603 ; in 1811, 653; in 1821, 770; in 183], 774; in 1841, 753; and in 1851, 813 souls. This parish is very fertile and contains several handsome residences. Eachwick is a township and hamlet in this parish, but partly situated in the west division of Castle Ward. The landowners are Edward Collingwood, Esq., Richard Spearman, Esq., and Robert Reay Spearman, Esq., the latter being the lord of the manor. The township contains 985 acres, and its rate- able value is £1,306 7s. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 97 ; in 1811, 90 ; in 1891, 169 ; in 1831, 113; in 1841, 101 ; and in 1851, 101 souls. The manor of Eachwick was formerly the property of the Delaval family, who gave a moiety to the Priory of Hexham. It was subsequently possessed by the Fenwicks, from whom it was transfen-ed to the Scurfields and Bells, and afterwards to the Spearmaus, coming ultimately to the present proprietors. The Haimlet of Eachwick is situated nine miles north-west of Newcastle, and was in former times a place of some importance. * Eachwick Hall, in this township, is a fine mansion, and was formerly the residence of the Spearmans, an ancient and well known family in the county. Ralph Spearman, Esq., the last member of the family, died without issue, about twenty-four or twenty-five years ago, and left the Hall and estate to Mr. John Hunter, who thereupon assumed the name of Spearman. Dieectoey. — Robert Reay Spearman, Esq. ; Edward Bell, cartwright and joiner ; Henry Davison, joiner and house carpenter ; Ann Potts, vict. Plough Inn ; George Snaith, cattle dealer ; and the farmers are Edward Handyside HEDDON-OX-THE-WALL PAEISH. 779 aiid Son, Red House ; Robert Reed, Kyloe House ; Thomas Reed ; William Richardson, Each wick Moor ; Richard Spearman, Er^chwick Moor House ; and Robert and William Thompson, Eachwick South Houses. Heddon (East) is another township in this parish, but locally situated in the west division of Gastle Ward, eight miles W.N.W. of Newcastle. It con- tains 758 acres, the property of Sir M. W. Ridley, and its population in 1801, was 23; in 1811, 61; in 1821, 44; in 1831, 57; in 1841, 49; and in 1851, 57 souls. This township contains only nine houses, and the farmers are John Crow; Ralph Laws, Brickney Hill; and William Stott, Heddon Birks. Heddon-on-the-Wall is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of Nathaniel Clayton, Esq., John Clayton, Esq., John Bates, Esq., Thomas Bates, Esq., Mr. John Whitfield, and others. The area of the township is 1,190 acres, and it contained in 1801, 253; in 1811, 318; in 1821, 362; in 1831, 383; in 1841, 391 ; and in 1851, 345 inhabitants. The manor of Heddon was, in ancient times, a part of the barony of Bolbeck, but it now belongs to the above-mentioned proprietors. In November 1752, the workmen employed in making the military road to Carlisle, found a great number of Roman coins and medals, in the rums of Hadrian's Wall in this township. The Village of Heddon-on-the-Wall is situated on the site of the old Roman wall, seven miles W.N.W. of Newcastle. The Church, dedicated to St. Philip and St. James, occupies the summit of a high rock. The greater portion of the edifice is in the Saxon style, but the chancel is a good specimen of the Anglo-Norman architecture. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, rated at £35 ; gross income £275. Patron, the Queen; incumbent, the Rev. M. Heron Maxwell. The parish register commences in 1656. The National School, which is situated near the church, is a neat stone building, erected in 1851, and will accommodate about 140 children. George Scott, teacher. Post Office, Heddon-on-the-Wall. — Sarah Eobinson, postmistress. Letters arrive at 12 noon, and are despatched at 2 p.m. Hogg Jane, vict. Three Tuns Ai-mstrong George, farmer and land agent, Heddon Bank Armstrong Jolm A. farmer, Bays Leap Barras & Co. firebrick manufacturers, Hed- don Brick Works, John Brown, manager Bates John, Esq. M.D. Heddon East Bank Bates Thomas, Esq. barrister, Heddon East Bank Charlton John, joiner and cartwright Cowans Charlton, shopkeeper Gilhespy Alice, shopkeeper Gilhespy Joseph, blacksmith Harrison Joseph, butcher Heddon (West) township, the property of George Burden, Esq., is situated one mile and a half north-west of Heddon-on-the-Wall. It com- prises 338 acresj and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 43 ; in 3 B Hogg Thomas, blacksmith Lawson John, farmer Laws William, millwright Maxwell Rp.v. M. Heron, vicar, Vicarage Pearson William, quarry owner Robson Jane, shopkeeper Scott George, certificated master of Na- tional School Stobert Jane, shopkeeper Wilkinson Ann, shopkeeper Whitfield Mr. John Y80 TINDALE WAED EAST DIVISION. 1811, 50; ill 1821, 38; in 1831, 43; in 1841, 26; and in 1851, 51 souls. It contains two farms, and Heddon House, the seat of the owner of the town- ship. DiEECTORY. — George Burdon, Esq., Heddon House ; John Gustard, agent, West Heddon Stead ; and Thomas Stappard, farmer, West Farm. Houghton and Closehouse form a joint township in the above-mentioned parish, containing 597 acres, the propertv of Mrs. Margaret Bewick. The population in 1801, was 101; in 1811, 89; in 1821, 100; in 1831, 122; in 1841, 127; and in 1851, 200 souls. The Village of Houghton is situated half a mile west of Heddon-on-the-Wall. Here is a school, erected in 1823, by Mrs. Bewick, who pays for the education of twenty-two children. Close House, the estate and mansion of Mrs. Margaret Bewick, a large elegant structure, erected in 1779, is surrounded with thriving plantations and pleasure grounds, adorned with fine sheets of water. This estate was formerly possessed by the Kadcliffe family, who sold it to the Reeds, from whom it was purchased, in 1620, by Robert Bewdck, Esq., a merchant of Newcastle, one of whose descendants, Robert Bewick, was high-sheriff of Northumberland in 1760. Street House is a hamlet in this township, nine miles west by north of Newcastle. Directory. — Mrs. Margaret Bewick, Close House ; John Oliver, grazier, Street House ; James Phorson, schoolmaster ; and the farmers are Thomas Charleton, and veterinary surgeon. South Farm ; and Watson Chaiieton, North and High Farms. Whitchester is a township, situated on the north side of the old Roman wall, nine miles W.N.W. of Newcastle. It is the property of John Dobson, Esq., High Seat House ; Edward Riddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn Grange ; and Mr. Johnson. It comprises an area of 705 acres, and the number of its inhabi- tants in 1801, was 57; in 1811, 45; in 1821, 57; in 1831, 57; in 1841, 66 ; and in 1851, 59 sonls. This township was formerly the property of the Turpins, from whom it passed to the Widdringtons, coming ultimately to the present proprietors. Several coins of the Roman emperors Domitian, Anto- ninus Pius, &c., have been found here. Directory. — John Dobson, Esq,, High Seat House ; and William Hind, vict. Ironside Inn, Whitchester. OVINGHAM PARISH. Ovingham is a parish, comprising the townships of Dukeshagg, Eltringham, Harlow-hill, Hedley, Hedley-Woodside, Horsley, Mickley, Nafferton, Oving- ham, Ovington, Prudhoe, Prudhoe Castle, Rouchester, Spittle, Welton, Whit- tie, and Wylam. It is bounded by the parishes of Stamfordham, Heddon-on- the-Wall, and Bywell St. Andrew and St. Peter, except on the south-east, where it is separated from the county of Durham by the Stanley and Milkhouse Burns. It is about seven miles in length by five in breadth, and comprises an area of 15,740 acres. Itspopulation in 1801, was 2,628 ; in ] 811, 2,810; OTINGHAM PARISH. 781 in 1821, 2,742 ; in 1831, 3,019 ; in 1841, 3,418 ; and in 1851, 3,962 souls. This parish is intersected by the river Tyne, and is beautifully diversified by gentle elevations. DuKESHA&G, or Duker's Hagg, a township in this parish, situated two miles and three-quarters S.S.E. of Ovingham, is the property of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. It contains 1,323 acres, and the rateable value is £60. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, ^vas in 1811, 7; in 1821, 9; in 1831, 8; in 1841, 7; and in 1851, 7 souls. Tills township consists of one farm which is occupied by Mr. John Dodd. Eltringham is a township and hamlet, the property of Anthony Humble, Esq. The township comprises an area of 320 acres, and its rateable value is £730, including £50 tithes. Population in 1801, 24 ; in 1811, 39 ; in 1821, 52; in 1831, 50; in 1841, 87; and in 1851, 119 souls. Here is a large number of coke ovens, w^hich afford employment to many persons, and are carried on by Messrs. Cuthbert and Cookson. There is a salmon fishery on the river Tyne here, of which Mr. Thomas Cooke, who keeps a respect- able inn at the ferry, is lessee. The Hamlet of Eltringham is situated one mile S.S.W. of Ovingham. Directory. — Thomas Cook, vict. Eltringham Boat House Inn ; and An- thony and Thomas Humble, brick manufacturers. Harlow Hill, a towmship and village in Ovingham parish, is the pro- perty of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. The area of the township is 993 acres, its rateable value £1,316 8s. and the num- ber of its inhabitants in 1801, was 115; in 1811, 121; in 1821, 124; in 1831,149; in 1841, 137; andinl85J, 148 souls. The Village of Har- low Hill occupies an elevated position on the road leading from Newcastle to Carlisle, ten and a half miles from the former place. It consists of four or five farm houses, a few workshops, a public house and several cottages. Directory. — Ann Davison, shopkeeper ; John Hall, blacksmith and agri- cultural implement maker ; Thomas Hindmarsh, publican ; William llobson, cartwright, joiner, and farmer ; Joseph Thompson, shopkeeper ; and the far- mers are Anthony Bell, James Bell, and Robert Elliott, Stankwell. Hedley-on-the-Hill is a township and village in this parish, containing ],399 acres, the rateable value of which is £900 10s. The population in 1801, was 166; in 1811, 172; in 1821, 168; in 1831, 193; in 1841, 229 ; and in 1851, 21 9 souls. The Duke of Northumberland and A. Surtees, Esq., are the owners of the soil and lords of the manor. In this township is a coal mine which produces coal of a superior quality, and is entered by a horizontal or water level drift. Ironstone of excellent quality is also obtained here. The Village of Hedley-on-the-Hill is situated at the south-west ex- tremity of the parish, three miles south of Ovingham. It consists of five farm houses, a respectable inn, a few good grocers' shops, four workshops, and a number of cottages, which are chiefly inhabited by agricultural labourers, pitmen, and others. Here is a small Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, which was erected by subscription, in 1837. The Primitive Methodists meet for worship 782 TINDALE WARD — EAST DIVISION. in a private house. Hedley School was built by subscription, in 1848. It is self-supporting, and is conducted by Mr. Andrew Hindmarsh. Snowball John, innkeeper Walker William, coal owner Newton William, woodkeeperjHedleySprin House Elacksmiths Jackson Ealph Stokoe Parmella Boot and Shoemakers Dodd Andrew Dodd William Farmers HaiTison John, Hedley Park Harrison Joseph Johnson John Phillipson J. Richardson William, Airey Hill Snowball John Snowball Wm.Hedley Grange Scott George Swinburn William Walker Wm. & coal owner White Thomas, Hedley West Riding Grocers & Dealers in Sundries Bowman Mary Dodd F. & Son Little Archibald Oxley Joseph Swinburn Thomas Tailor and Draper Corn John Cartwrights Buckam John Robson George, and joiner Cakeier to Newcastle, Archibald Little, on Saturdays. Hedlet-Woodside is a township, situated three miles south of Ovingham. It contains 1,364 acres, and its population in 1801, was 88 ; in 1811, 76 ; in 18Q1, 55; in 1831, 60; in 1841, 73; and in 1851, 86 souls. The rateable value is £493. This township consists of four farms, the property of the Duke of Newcastle, and A, Surtees, Esq. The farmers are George Browell, Hedley Woodhead; John Dixon, Broad Oak and Hollins; and Thomas Willey, Hind's Wood. Hoesley is a toTMiship and village, the property of the Duke of Northum- berland, Edward James, Esq., John Dobson, Esq., J. H. Hind, Esq., and others. The township comprises an area of 1,478 acres, and its rateable value is £1,766. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 200; in 1811, 262 ; in 1821, 257 ; in 1831, 293 ; in 1841, 286; and in 1851, 314 souls. The Village of Horsley is situated on the road leading from Heddon-on- the-Wall, to Hexham, one mile and a quarter north by east of Ovingham. It consists of some respectable farm-houses, two grocers' shops, two good inns, several workshops, and a number of cottages, occupied by agricultural labourers and others. Here is an Independent Chapel, a plain stone edifice, which was enlarged in 1729, and will accommodate about 300 persons. Rev. John Rain, minister. The Weslej^an Methodists meet for worship in the house of Mr. Archbold, in the room where the Rev. Jolm Wesley often preached. The desk he then used is still there, and is preserved in memory of him who made use of it. Post Office, Hoksley, Eobert Hutchinson, postmaster. Letters anive from Wylam at 2-15 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 2-45 p.m. Erown Ann, grocer and dealer in sundries Common William, joiner and cartwright (Eutter and Common) ; ho. Dunslow, Holm Gaddes Andrew, tailor Leightley John, brick maker Eain Eev. John (Independent) Eutter Wilham, joiner and cartwright (Eutter and Common) ; ho. Horsley Blacksmiths and Agricultural Implemen Makers Eedhead George, sen. Redhead George, jun. Boot and Shoemakers Charlton George Hutchinson Eobert Johnson John OVIN^HAM PaBISH. 783 Cabinetmakers Archbold William, and joiner and winnow- ing machine maker Kutter and Common, and joiners and cart- wrights Farmers Archbold William Bell WilHam Fairbairn John, Horsley High Barns Hindmarsh Thomas Laws John, The South Bank Laws Kobert, Easter Hopside Mordue John Nesbit William Inns Crown and Anchor, Thomas Burn Lion and Lamb, Thomas Lathaen Winnowing Machine Manufacturer Archbold William MicKLEY is a township and village, in the above parish, containing 1,188 acres, the propert}^ of W. B. Wrightson, Esq., Joseph John Humble, Esq., of Prudhoe House, Mr. John Newton, of Mickley, and others. The rateable value of the township is £2,042, the tithes £208, and the gross estimated rental, £2,485. Population in 1801, 186 ; in 1811, 181 ; in 1821, 178; in 1831, 211; in 1841, 297 ; andinl851, 566 souls. Each land- owner is lord of the manor of his own property, with the exception of the manorial rights of the common, which was enclosed about forty years ago, by the owners of the contiguous estates, in proportion to the quantity they were owners of. The manorial rights of what was formerly the common, belong to the above named W. B. Wrightson, Esq., M.P., by whom a school was erected, in 1821, and Hall Yard Chapel in 1823. Mickley Bank colliery, in this township, is worked by Mrs. Bewick, of Cherry Burn. Here are also some coke ovens. The Village of Mickley is situated one mile and a half south by west of Ovingham, and consists of a few respectable farm-houses, with a number of cottages. Hall Yard is an adjoining hamlet to Mickley. Here is a Chapel of Ease to Ovingham, erected in 1823, by W. B. Wright- son, Esq. ; it will accommodate about 120 persons. Mickley Squahe, a village in this township, consists of five rows of double cottages, a good grocer's shop, with one or two small ones. The population now numbers 500, and the inhabitants are principally employed at Mickley Colliery, and the coke ovens in the township of Eltringham. Mount Pleasant is a hamlet in Mickley township, consisting of two rows of cottages, which are tenanted by workmen employed at the colliery and coke ovens. Cherry Burn in this township, is the birth place of the late Mr. Thomas Bewick, the celebrated wood engraver, for a sketch of whose life see New- castle. It is now the residence of Mrs. Elizabeth Bewick, coal owner, etc. Bates Thomas, under-ground agent, Mick- ley-square Davison Thomas, innkeeper, Mount Plea- sant Eltringham Edward, cartwright Lowes Joseph, blacksmith Lyon WilHam, Esq. surgeon, Biding House Eippon John, joiner Sempster Thomas, schoolmaster and beer- house keeper Thompson Wilham, colliery engineer, Mick- ley-square Thompson William, supeiintendent of coke ovens, Mickley-square Todd Horatia Wellington, resident viewer, Mickley Colliery ; ho. Mount Pleasant Young William, innkeeper 784 TINDALE WARD — EAST DIVISION. Boot and Sl^emakers Phillipson John Phillipson William, Mount Pleasant Young William Farmers Bewick Mrs. Elizabeth, and coal owner, Cherry Bum Browell William, Mickley Dixon Willy,Mickley Grange Lislnnan John and Thomas Luraley John Newton John, and yeoman, Mickley Eichardson John, Mickley Moor Young Thomas, and wood keeper, Mickley Bank Clark John, Mickley- square Little Samuel, and draper, Mickley-square Rutherford Thomas, & plate- layer, Mickley Taylor Mary, Mount Plea- sant Tailors Henderson Joseph, Mickley Potts James, Mickley-square Grocers Browell George Nafferton is a township and hamlet, the property of W. B. Beaumont, Esq., M.P. It contains 773 acres of land, and its rateable value is £500. Population in 1801, 41 ; in 1811, 34 ; in 1821, 39 ; in 1831, 60 ; in 1841, 35 ; and in 1851, 37 souls. The Hamlet of Nafferton is situated in a pleasant vale, about two miles north-west by north of Ovingham. Here are the remains of an ancient building, supposed to have been a religious house. This township consists of one faum, in the occupancy of Mark Spraggon, farmer. Ovingham is a township and village, in the parish of the same name, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Colonel Bigge, Mr. George Bed- lington, and George Hutchinson, Esq. The township comprises an area of 523 acres, and its rateable value is £770. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 253; in 1811, 243; inl821, 265; in 1831, 233; in 1841, 257; and in 1851, 330 souls. The Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor, and holds his manorial courts in the village, on the Tuesday in Easter week. The Village of Ovingham occupies an agreeable situation on the north bank of the river Tyne, nine miles east of Hexham, and eleven miles west of Newcastle. It possesses a copious supply of excellent water, from Jordan's Well, at the east end of the village, besides an additional supply for common use, conveyed through pipes from a reservoir, about a quarter of of a mile north of Ovingham. This latter was given by the Whittle Dean Water Company, as a compensation for the water taken by the company from the stream, which forms the boundary between the townships of Ovingham and Ovington. The village contains two respectable inns, a bleach works, several workshops, and a number of cottages. Here was formerly a Cell of Black Canons, subordinate to the priory of Hexham. It was founded by one of the Umfraville family, and at the time of the Dissolution, was valued at £12 2s. 8d. per annum. The estate of this house, with its appropriated tithes and the advowson of Ovingham, with a fine possession of the Addisons, and was their seat for Chuech, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, is an ancient structure, coijsisting of nave, aisles, transepts, and chancel with a square tower containing three beUs. This edifice exhibits three distinct specimens of architecture, the tower being Saxon, the door-way Norman, and the bod}^ of the church early English. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Corbridge, is valued in the Liber Begis at £5 8s. 4d., returned glebe, came into the a long j)eriod. The OYINGHAM PARISH. 785 at £85 , gross income, £158. Tithes commuted in 1839 ; aggregate amount £77 15s. Patron, Colonel Bigge ; vicar, the Kev. Greorge Bigge, M.A. The parish register commences in 1679. An addition of about a quarter of an acre has been made to the grave-yard in which the church stands, on account of the increasing population of the parish. Ovingham School is erected upon what was unenclosed ground, the property of the Duke of Northumber- land, and attached to it is a dw^eUing house, with a small garden for the teacher. There is a lodge of Oddfellows, called " The Loyal Lord Prudhoe Lodge," held at the Ovingham Inn, and the " Ovingham Friendly Society," is also held at the same house ; Mr. James AVeatherley is secretary for both societies. Ovingham had formerly a royal charter for a weekly market, and was governed by a bailiff; two annual fairs are still held here on April *26thand October 26th. Charities. — This parish possesses four benefactions for the use of the poor, viz. : — £2 per annum, bequeathed by Edward Fletcher, in 1699, to be distributed yearly on March 1st and June 13th; £6 a year, left by John Blackett, in J 707, which was to be distributed by the minister a,nd church- wardens on All Saints Day; £3 10s., bequeathed by Anthony Surtees, in 1725, to be given annually to the aged poor, men and women, and fatherless children of the parish ; and a rent charge of four guineas a year, given to the poor, aged, infirm, and religious persons of Ovingham parish. Post Office, Ovingham, William Easterby, postmaster. Letters arrive, from New- castle and Gateshead, at 11-30 a.m. and are despatched thereto at 8-15 p.m Miscellany Armstrong Eobert, stonemason and orna- mental stone cutter, Bridge End Inn Bedlington George, brewer, &c. Bedlington John, gardener Bedlington Mrs. Marj^, Brick House British EcoisOMical Manure Company, John Weatherley, agent Davison David, assistant manager, Oving- ham Bleach Works Dawson JosexDh, quill and pen manufac- turer Dobson Mr. George, farmer, Mount Huley Henderson George, grocer and farmer Hutchinson George, Esq, surgeon Johnson William, farmer. Chapel Farm Loyal Loed Peudhoe Lodge of Oddfel- lows, Ovingham Inn, James Weatherley, secretary Makepeace John, schoolmaster Ovingham Friendly Society, James Weatherley, secretary Ovingham Parish Association, for the prosecution of Felons, John Weatherley, secretary Ovingham Water Pants, John Weather- ley, secretary and treasurer Eobson James, cooper EoTAL Farmers' General Fire, Life, and. Hail-Storm Institution, John Weather- ley, agent Shields Kev. T. W., M.A. Yicarage Tate James, yarn merchant and agent, Ovingham Bleach Works Wilson John, blacksmith Boot and Shoemakers Daw^son John Easterby William Grocers Henderson George, and farmer Lamb James Rob son Mary Inns Ovingham Inn, John Weatherley Ovingham Bridge End Inn, Robert Ai'm- strong Tailors Cook Martin, merchant tailor, Bleacli Green Fletcher George Turner William Waugli Joseph '86 TINDALE WAED— EAST DltlSTON. OviNGTON is a township and village, the property of Hemy Hind, Esq., Robert Surtees, Esq., Colonel Bigge, John Dobson Esq-, and others. It contains 1,1 05 acres, and the rateable value is £1,763, with £164 tithes. Its population in 1801, was 344 ; in 1811, 369; in 1821, 362; in 1831, 339; in 1841, 380 ; and in 1851, 405 souls. The manorial rights are vested in the several proprietors. The Village of Ovington occupies an elevated and healthy situation on the north bank of the Tyne, one mile W.N.W. of Ovingham. It consists of two respectable residences, two good inns, a few grocers' shops, and several houses and cottages. Here is an extensive brewery, belonging to Eorster, Potts, & Co. Ovington School was erected by subscription in 1843, and enlarged in 1850 by private donations. It is self-supporting, but under government inspection, and conducted on the national system, — James Landell and Elizabeth Dunn, teachers. Ovington Cottage, the residence of Henry Hind, Esq., is a handsome modern erection. Cook Martin, merchant tailor,Bleach Green Dunn Elizabeth, schoolmistress, Ovington School Errington John, blacksmith Einlay Thomas, tailor Hall Thos.YoungjOvingham Bleach Works Boot and Shoemakers Eorster Thomas Harle George Henderson John Lawson William j Brewers Potts, Eorster, & Co. Oving- ton Brewery Farmers Emmerson Thomas Hewison William Prudhoe is a township Hunter George Potts Eorster, and brewer, Ovington Hall Reed Thomas Grocers Bell Elizabeth Dunn William, and provision dealer Surtees Mary Inns Highlander, Walter Smith and village containing Hedley George, butcher Henderson Eobert, mason Henderson Thomas, mason Hind Henry, Esq. Ovington Cottage Jordan William, parish clerk Landells Jas.schoolmaster,OvingtonSchool SMiJ, Luke Johnson Joiners and Cabinet Makers Dunn William, and grocer Johnson Isaac, and cart- wright, &c. Proud Eobert Timber Merchant Johnson Isaac, & cartwright and joiner 144 acres, the principal proprietors of which are the Duke of Northumberland, the Eev. Robert ; Capper, Mr. Anthony Bell, John Swinburne, Esq., and Joseph John Humble, Esq., of Prudhoe House. These several landowners also exercise the ma- norial rights and privileges. The number of inhabitants in 1801, w^as 318 ;■' in 1811, 294; in 1821, 293; in 1831, 341 ; in 1841, 369; and in ISolyi 386 souls. Rateable value £1,216 10s. The Village of Prudhoe is pleasantly situated on a declivity south of the river Tyne, one mile S.S.E. of Ovingham. It consists of four farm houses, two inns, several workshops, and a considerable number of cottages. Here is a Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, which was erected by subscription in 1794, on land given by the late Anthony Humble, Esq., of this place. The Humbles are a very ancient family, and have been located in this place for upwards of seven centuries. Prudhoe School w^as erected by subscription in 1825, and is self-supporting. Mr. William Johnson, of Prudhoe Old Hall, has extensive fire-brick works in this township. OVINGHAM PARISH. 787 Post Office, Prudhoe. — Michael Hall, posttyiastcr at 10-45 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 8-8 p.m. Baty Isaac, saddler Bell The Misses Hannah and Mary Humble John Joseph, Esq.,PrudhoeHouse Keed Eobert, schoolmaster Letters arrive, from Gateshead, Eowe John, gardener Urvvin John, cartwright Wright Thos. joiner and cabinet mak ar Blacksmiths Donkin Thomas Eobinson William, and agri- cultural implement maker Boot and Shoemakers Atkinson Eobert Hall Michael TuUp John Builder and Contractor Lishraan John — WilUam Lishman, manager Butchers Green William Jewett Charles Farmers Donkin John Jewett Jonathan Johnson William, Prudhoe Old Hall Lishman John Murray Joseph Eiston John Fire-Brick Manufacturer Johnson William, Prudhoe Old Hall Grocers Hunter Geo. and registrar of births and deaths, &c. Jamison Thos. & woodman Inns Barley Moic, William Alther Doctor Syntax, Wm. Shaw Tailor and Draper Eobinson Thomas Woodmen Jamison Thomas Eobson George Taylor John Careier to and from Newcastle. — George Eobson, on Saturdays. Prudhoe Castlk is a township and hamlet, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. The township comprises an area of 719 acres, and its rateable value is £829 Is. Population in 1801, 62; in 1811, 70; in 1821, 79; in 1831, 71; in 1841, 1.26; and in 1851, 102 souls. The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway intersects this town- ship, and there is a station south of Ovingham. Prudhoe Castle, from Avhich the township derives its name, is situated on an eminence near the Tyne, and was anciently the principal seat of the Umfravilles, who were descended from Robert de Umfraville, lord of Tours and Vian, kinsman of William the Conqueror, from whom he had a grant of the valley, forest, and lordship of Reedsdale. The castle was gallantly and successfully defended against William, King of Scotland, in the reign of Henry II. Gilbert Um- fraville, one of this family, is styled a " famous baron, guardian, and chief flower of the north." From this family, Prudhoe Castle descended to the Tailbois, who forfeited their estate at the battle of Hexham, in 1464. The King granted it to John, Duke of Bedford, and afterwards to Henry Percy, first Earl of Northumberland, in whose family it still continues. In the year 1529 the castle is described as ruinous. The outer walls aj>pear to be the oldest part of the structure, as the square towers in the western side of the walls have circular basements, and the covered way which leads to the inner gate, is found to be of much stronger and better masonry than the lower part of the gatehouse tower itself. The keep has had winding galleries gained out of the thickness of the walls, and was three storeys in height. The ground on which the castle stands is high towards the river, and, on the opposite side, the walls have been defended by deep ditches, which were crossed by a draw-bridge. The remains of the castle have been secured from entirely falling, by judicious repairs in the parts most dilapidated. 788 TINDALE WABD EAST DIVISION. The steep promontory upon \Yliicli the old fortress stands, communicates withtlie adjoining grounds by a narrow neck of land, stretchiug towards the sou'ii, and is guarded by an outward wall on the north, built on the edge of the cliffs, which rise to the height of sixty feet above the level of the river. This ruined structure forms a conspicuous object in this part of the vale of Tyne, and from whatever point it is viewed, its great extent, broken walls, and crumbling ruins, produce an august appearance. The Hamlet of Prudhoe Castle is situated half a mile S.S.E. of Ovingham. DiRECTOBT. — Joseph Bell, farmer, Broom Houses ; John Chaiiton, Edge- well House ; John Johnson, vict., Ovingham Boat House Inn ; Mrs. Sarah Laws, Prudhoe Castle ; Messrs. George and P. S. Laws, Prudhoe Castle ; and John Pieay, station master, Prudhoe Station. RoucHESTEE, oE RuDCHESTEE, is a tovmship in this parish, situated three miles N.N.E. of Ovingham. It contains 644 acres of land, and its population in 1801, was 28; in 1811, 27; in 1821, 31; in 1831, 28 ; in 1841, 51; and in 1851, 48 souls. Thomas James, Esq., of Rotterburn Tower is landowner. This township contains the site of the Roman station Vindobala — for a description of which, see page 29, and comprises but one farm, which is occupied by the landowner. Here is also a large free- stone quarry. Alexander Scott, land steward, is the principal resident Spittle is a township, two and a quarter miles north of Ovingham. It is the property of Robert Ormston, of Newcastle ; contains 82 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 9; in 1811, 6; in 1821, 3; in 1831, 7; in 1841, 10 ; and in 1851, 10 souls. The rateable value is £70. It contains only one farm, which is in the occupation of Harrison Green, farmer. Welton is a township and hamlet, the property of W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The township comprises an area of 1,183 acres, 42 of which are covered by the reservoirs of the Whittle Dean Water Works, and its rateable value is £1,070. Population in 1801, 90 ; in 1811, 77 ; in 1821, 67 ; in 1831, 69; in 1841, 59 ; and in 1851, 71 souls. The water works, which are partly in this township, and partly in that of Harlow Hill, consist of seven reservoirs, which cover an area of more than 100 acres, and are capable of containing 330,000,000 gallons of water. The works were commenced in 1846, and completed in 1848. In 1850, a small sup- plemental reservoir was formed, and two years subsequently another large one, called the " Great Northern," which covers an area of 40 acres. At the works there is a handsome and substantial stone cottage, having a spacious octagona,l room, in which the Directors of the Water Works Company meet occasionally, the other apartments are occupied by the superintendent. The Hamlet of Welton stands upon the line of Hadrian's valkim, three miles north by west of Ovingham, and according to Camden was the royal villa of King Oswy, which Bede calls Ad Murum, where Peada and Sigebert, kings of the Mercians and East Saxons were baptised by Finan, Bishop of Lindisfarne. Welton Tower, which was long the seat of a family that bore the local name, is now in ruins. DiEECTOEY. — Charles Dobson, shoemaker; George Johnson, Locker Hall; OVINGHAM PARISH. 789 William Reed, superiDtendent, Water Works ; and the farmers are George Byerley, Weltoii Hall ; Charles Charlton, Welton High Town ; and John Charlton, Welton New House. Whittle is a tow^iship in this parish, situated one mile and a quarter, north by west of Ovingham. It is the property of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, contains 276 acres, and its rateable value is £420 10s. Population in 1801, 31; in 1811, 37; in 1821, 32 ; in 1831, 20 ; in 1841, 31 ; and in 1851,23 souls. There is a corn mill in this township, worked by John Crozier and Brothers. Whittle Dean is a deep wooded dell, which gives pame to the water works described in the township of Welton, Directory. — John Crozier and Brothers, corn millers, Whittle Mill ; and John Robsou Spraggon, farmer. Whittle. Wylam is a township and village, the property of J. B. Blackett, Esq., Mrs. Bewick, Thomas H. Liddell, Esq., and others. J. B. Blackett, Esq. is lord of the manor. The township comprises an area of 930 acres, and its rateable value is £3,163 12s. Population in 1801, 673 ; in 1811, 795 ; in 1821, 728; in 1831,887; in 1841, 984; and in 1851, 1,091 souls. This manor w^as formerly the property of Tynemouth Priory, and at the Dissolution was granted by the Crown to a branch of the Fenwick family. It was trans- ferred to the Blacketts in 1679, and has since continued their property. The Village of Wylam is situated two miles east by north of Ovingham, and is very irregularly built ; the inhabitants are chiefly employed in the coal and iron works. There are a few good inns, and some well supplied grocers' and other shops. The river Tyne, at this place, is crossed by a wooden bridge, supported by stone pillars, and on the frame work is laid a single line of rails, communicating with the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, the colliery, and the iron works. It belongs to a joint-stock company, who exact a toll of one penny from each passenger, every time he crosses the bridge. There is a Chapel here belonging to the Wesleyan Methodists. Post Office, Wylam, Ann Davison, Postmistress. Letters arrive from Newcastle and Gateshead, at about eleven o'clock a.m., and are despatched thereto 4-40 p.m. Atkinson Gr. C. Esq., Wylam Hall Atkinson J. J. sm^geon Bell and Brothers, iron merchants, &c. Clementson Oakwood Hall Carvings George, blacksmith Davison John, gardener Davison Mary, spirit dealer Futers Alice, schoolmistress Harle William, nnder viewer Hunter Matthew, tailor James Edward, Esq., Hollin Hall Moore John, colliery agent Mowbray Anthony, colliery engineer Potts Stephen, butcher Earasay Kobert, market gardener Eule George, schoolmaster Wylam Colhery.— J. F. B. Blackett, Esq. Owner Wylam Railway Station — William Bell, station master Boot and Shoemakers Bone Edward Futers John Com Millers Brown Ann & Co., Wylam Mill, Edward Milburn, manager; John Burn,book- keeper Farmers Charleton Wm. and grocer, &c. Bird Inn Laws William, Warsh House ]\Iarch Robert, Wylam Wood Tate James, and yarn mer- chant ; ho. Ovingham Bleach Works L 790 TINDALE WABD — EAST DIVISION. ' ' Grocers and Provision Dealers Charlton Wm. and farmer, Bird Inn Da%dson Ann, and draper, Post Office Marshall Eichard, and draper Inns and Taverns Bird Inn, John Charlton? and grocer, Szc. Black Bull, William March, and butcher East Boat, John Greener SHOTLEY PARISH. Fox (& Hounds, John Pringle Ship, Mary Mitchelson Three Tuns, George Greener Beer House Watt James Shotley parish comprises the chapelry of Blanchland, and the townships of Newbiggin and Shotley. It is bounded by the parishes of Allendale, Bywell St. Peter, Slaley and Hexham, except on the south, where it is divided from the county of Durham by the river Derwent, which here runs circuitously through a wild and picturesque vale. It contains an area of 1,246 acres, and its population in 1801, was 800; in 1811, 1,035; in 1821, 1,090; in 1831, 1,101 ; in 1841, 1,245 ; and in 1851, 1,227 souls. The greater portion of this parish called High, or West Quarter, is a lofty region of bleak and barren moorlands, where lead ore is found in abundance. The Low, or East Quarter, which is merely another name for the township of Shotley, is tolerably fertile, and contains several good coal seams. Bolbeck Common, in this parish, was enclosed in pursuance of an act obtained in 1765. Blanchland, or High Quarter, is a chapelry township and village, the property of Lord Crewe's trustees. The township contains 3,728 acres of laud, and its rateable value is £735 5s. The number of inhabitants in 180 1 , was 366; in 1811, 518; in 1821, 412; in 1831, 454; in 1841, 476; and in 1851, 491 souls. The Village of Blanchland is situated in a narrow, deep, green vale, on the north side of the Derwent, nine miles south by east of Hexham. AYalter de Bolbeck, in 1175, founded an abbey here in honour of the Blessed Virgin, for twelve Prsemonstratensian canons, with liberty to add to their number. He gave to this abbey " the lordship, demesnes, and advow- son of the church of Blanchland, the appropriations and advowsons of the churches of Harelaw and Bywell, of St3^ford, of Shotley, of Apperley, and of the church of Heddon-on-the-Wall, dedicated to St. Andrew — the tithes of the village of Wulwardhope, and twelve fishes for their table out of his fishery at Styford, in lieu of tithe-fishes." The Nevilles were also among the bene- factors of this house, and King John, in the 16th year of his reign, confirmed all the donations, &c., which had been made to it. That the abbey of Blanch- land had attained some importance as early as the reign of Edward I., we may judge from the fact of its abbot being summoned to parliament during the reign of that monarch. At the Dissolution its annual revenues were then valued at £44 9s. Id. according to Speed, or £40 Os. 9d. according to Dug- dale. Henry VIII. granted the abbey lands, &c., to John Bellow and John Broxholm, but they afterwards passed to the Forsters, and reverted to the Crown on the attainder of Thomas Forster, who headed the rising in favour of the " Pretender" in 1715. They were subsequently purchased by Lord Crewe, Bishop of Durham, who left them for charitable purposes. The Church, or Chapel, dedicated to St. Mary, is a portion of the ruins olthe SHOTLEY PARISH. 791 ancient abbey church, wbich was repaired and made into a chapel of ease, in 1752, by Lord Crewe s trustees, who also fitted up a comfortable bouse for the curate. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the trustees of Lord Crewe's Charity ; gross income £198. Licumbent, the Kev. Charles Thorpe, M.A. Blanchland School is a neat structure erected in 1851, by Lord Crewe's trustees, by whom it has been endowed. The scholars pay one penny per week, for which small sum they are supplied with stationery, &c., Thomas Iley, teacher. AcTox is a hamlet in this township, seven and a half miles south by east of Hexham. Bat Bkidge is also a hamlet in this township, situated nine and a half miles south by east of Hexham. Boot and Shoe Makers Armstrong John Palliser James Post Office, Blanchland, W. Taylor, postmaster. Letters arrive from Newcastle and Gateshead, via Eiding Mill, at 3 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 8 a.m. Iley Thomas, schoolmaster Oliver E. miller Parker J. blacksmith Carr George, Birk Side Colpits Wm. Cow Byers Johnson Eobert, Coal House Morpeth Thos. Fell Grove Pickering George and John, Acton Sanderson Jane Joiners Green T. Peart Thomas, Shildon Pie Shopkeepers BeU E. and W. Butchers Hutchinson John Temperley Hannah Farmers Bell Ann, Cow Byers Bell George Brown John, Penny House Eoope Frederick, agent Thorpe Eev. Charles, M.A., incumbent' Blenk Joseph Brown George, flour dealer Oliver Joseph Oliver Thomas Taylor WilUam, draper Surgeon Thompson John Tavern Keepers Forster E. Green T, Mawson George, Bay Bridge Caeeiees. — Thomas and Joseph Oliver, to Hexham, on Tuesdays. Newbiggin is a township and hamlet, the property of Lord Crewe's trustees. The area of the township is 2,056 acres, and the rateable value £441 10s. Newbiggin is presumed to have been returned with Blanchland township in 1801 and 1811. Its population in 1821, was 69; in 1831, 60; in 1841, 56 ; and in 1851, 68 souls. The HAMLETof Newbiggin is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the Derv>^ent, nine miles south by west of Hexham. DiRECTOKY. — William Cowing, farmer, Embley ; Rev. Samuel Payne ; and Jasper Stevenson, farmer. Shotley or Low Quarteb, is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of H. Silvertop, Esq., of Minster Acres, Thomas Wilson, Esq., Nicholas Burnett, Esq., Sir Charles M.L.Monck, Bart., and others. The township contains 6,676 acres, and its rateable value is £3,836. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 434 ; in 1811, 517 ; in 1821, 609 ; in 183J, 590; in 1841, 714; and in 1851, 668 souls. Shotley, or Low Quarter, contains the villages and hamlets of Shotley Field, Greeuhead, Un- thank, Birkenside, and Allen's Ford. The Parish Church, dedicated to St. John, was erected in 1834, about two miles south of the site of the former 792 TINDALE WARD — -EAST DIVISION, diurch, whicli is now in ruins, the foundations having given way in con- sequence of the working of the coal beneath. It is a- handsome Httle edifice, situated on the north side of the road leading from Stanhope to Shotley Bridge, about two miles from this latter place. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Newcastle, is valued in the Liber Regis at £1 1 5s. ; gross income £139. Patrons, Lord Crewe's trustees; incumbent, the Rev. Robert Thompson, B.A. In Shotley Field is a small Baptist Chapel, erected in 1836. Shotley School was erected by subscrip- tion, in 1834, at a cost of £1 03 7s. It stands close to the former school-house, which was erected in 1803, by Nicholas Hopper, Esq., and is now^ the residence of the teacher, Mr. Matthew Robson. The school was founded by the will of A. Young, in 1796, and is free to the poor children of Shotley, East Division. The income is derived from the interest of £100 left by the founder, an annual payment of £10 from the trustees of Lord Crew^e's Charity, and other bequests and donations. Shotley Hall, the residence of Thomas Wilson, Esq., is situated at the confluence of the Shotley Burn and the Derw^ent, about three miles S.S.E. of the church. Allen's Fohd is a small hamlet in this township, on the north side of the Derv/ent, thirteen miles south-east of Hexham.. Biekenside is also abamlet in this township, eleven miles S.S.E. of Hexham. Geeenhead is a small village in this tovmship, eleven miles S.S.E. of Hexham, on the road leading to Woolsingham. A little to the north of Greenhead is Black Hedley, the ancient seat of the Hopper family. Greenhead is remarkable as being the birth-place of the celebrated John Lough, whose works have placed him in the foremost rank of modern sculptors. Kiln Pit Hill is a hamlet consisting of a fev/ cottages situated at the northern extremity of Shotley Low Quarter, at the intersection of the road leading from Corbridge to Allen's Ford, with that leading from "Whittonstall to Slaley, about a quarter of a mile west of Shotley old church. In the township of Whittonstall, contiguous to this hamlet, is a coal pit which is worked by Messrs. Bell and Robinson, Back- WAED Letch, a little north from Kiln Pit Hill, is a cottage and about five acres of land, in the occupation of John Milburn, he having obtained posses- sion of it by marriage with the daughter of Silas EUernton, who enclosed it from the "common land," in 1770. Shotley Field is another village in Shotley township, eleven miles south-east of Hexham. Unthank is a hamlet in this towmship, the property of H. Silvertop, Esq. ; it is intersected by the road from Allen's Ford, and has a gentle declivity sloping towards the Der- went. Bell Jobn, coalowner, Kilnpit Hill Burnett Gr. H. Esq. Wood House Carr Thomas, merchant tailor, Kilnpit Hill Dixon Thomas, woodman. Low Waskerley Cottage Elliott Thomas, joiner, Manor House Emmerson John, tailor & grocer, Quetre- way Gibson Eichard, farm steward, Low Waskerley Lishman Thos. stonemasoD and innkeeper,- Green Head Low William, tailor, Quetreway Heads Lough William, blacksmith, Quetreway Heads Pin key John, blacksmith, Birkenside Eeuton J. surgeon Kidley Christopher, shopkeeper, Green Head / Kobinson Joseph, gardener, Shotley Hall SLALEY PABISH* T93 Kobson Foster, woodkeeper, Moss Wood Thompson Eev. Ebt. iucutnbent, Unthank Turnbull John, grocer, Kilnpit Hill Turnbull Thomas, boot and shoemaker, Kilnpit Hill T\'illdnson Henry, shoemaker, Kilnpit Hill "Wilkinson "William, shoemaker.Kilnpit Hill "Wilson Thomas, Esq. J. P. Shotley Hall Farmers Carr Henry, Shotley Field, North Farm Carr Henry Septimus, Shotley Field Chatt Teasdal, Edcly's Bridge Crosswell John, Field Head Dawson Margaret, Unthank Elliott Jas. and innkeeper, Manor House French Wm. Hole Kow Hall Thomas, High Waskerley Heppell George, Birkenside Hepple Thomas N. North Snodds Hull Thomas, and land agent, High Waskerley Hunter James, Eedweli Hall Maddison Thomas, Crooked Oak Farm Marriner Robert, and miller Mordue Robert, Summerfield Peart G-eorge, Fine House Richardson John, Wallis Walls Richardson William and George, Airey Holme, and Bolisher Eobson George, and joiner, South Snodds Young Thomas, Black Hedley SLALEY PAEISH. Slaley parish is principally the property of W. B, Beaumont, Esq., M.P,, James Sillick, Esq., George Carr, Esq., Mr John Blackburne, Mr Thomas Lamb, Mr. T. Teasdale, J. J. Wrightson, and the Commissioners of Green- wich Hospital. It is a wild and romantic district, lying between the Devil- Water and the Dipton-Burn, and is bounded by the parishes of Corbridge, Bywell, Shotley, and Hexham. It has no dependant townships, is about four miles in length by three in breadth, and comprises an area of 7,430 acres. The population in 1801, was 585 ; in 1811, 568 ; in 1821, 582 ; in 1831, 616; in 1841, 547; and in 1851, 581 souls. The rateable value of the parish is £2,377, and the gross estimated rental £2,981 5s. The Village of Slaley, which is long and scattered, occupies an elevated situation five miles south of Hexham, and is very healthy, the air being pure in consequence of the absence of any works or manufactories likel}^ to impair it. The Church is a small stone edifice, capable of accommodating about 500 persons. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Bellingham, valued in the Liber Kegis at £15, gross income £109. Patron, W. B. Beaumont, Esq., M.P. ; incumbent, the Rev. B. Hurst. The parish register commences in 1714. The Wesleyan Methodists have a Chapel here. Slaley School was erected by subscription, and endowed with a rent charge of £3 10s. per annum, by will of M. Carr, in 1729. Mr. Milton Carr, teacher. Charities. — Besides the school, this parish possesses the following bequests and donations, viz : — a rent charge of £2 per annum left to the poor by Dame Elizabeth Radcliffe, in 1688 ; a rent charge of £5 yearly bequeathed to the poor, in 1729, by Matthew Carr; a rent charge of £1 10s. given by Esther AUgood, for the same purpose ; and a rent charge of £2 per annum left by the Rev. George Ritschell, for the poor of Slaley parish. DuKESFiELBis a hamlet in this parish, one mile and a half W.S.W. of Slaley. ■7M TINDALE -WABD— 'NOETH-EAST DIVISION. Blackburn George, butcher Hornsby J. & T. masons, Broad Pool Hurst Kev. B. incumbent Jewitt Joseph, dyer & bleacher, Dipton Mill Robson J. shopkeeper Teasdale J. miller, Dukesfield Teasdale Mr. Thomas Blacksmiths Jameson James Jameson Thomas Boot and Shoemakers Bates James Jewitt William Lamb George Farmers Bell Giles, White House Bell Robert, Coal Pits Bell Thos. Slaley Wood Foot Burdus Thomas, Coal Pits Burdus William, Dukesfield Blackburn Joseph, SteelHall Carr Milton, yeoman and schoolmaster Carr William Corbett Thomas, Trygill Dixon James, Duke's Hall Elhson Cuthbert Foster John Foster Thomas Hornsby George Lamb Thomas, yeoman Reed Thomas, Pye Hill Robson Matthew, Blackburn Robson J. & W. Robson William Rowell ThomaSjSlaley Town Foot Rutter Joseph, Wooley Carkier.— Thomas Swallow, to Newcastle, on Saturdays. Smith Robert, Spring House Taylor William, Marley Coat Walls WalkerDavid,Palm Strothers Inns Fox and Hounds, John Mid- dleton Foster JRose and Crotvn, William Allcroft Joiner and Cartwright Weatherley Johnson Tailors Jameson Henry, merchant tailor Robson Thomas, and parisli clerk TINDALE WARD.— NORTH EAST DIVISION. BIRTLEY PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. - BiRTLEY parochial chapelry was separated from the parish of Chollerton, in 1765, and received an independent jurisdiction. It includes the townships of Broomhope with Buteland, and anciently formed part of the barony of Prudhoe. It comprises an area of 6,720 acres, and the rateable value is £3,703 15s. Population in 1801, 490; in 1811, 505; in 1821, 480 ; in 1831, 447; in 1841, 472 ; and in 1851, 428 souls. The north-east part of this chapelry is mountaiDous and sterile, but on the banks of the North Tyne, the soil is tolerably fertile. Both coal and lime are found here. It is principally the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Dunn, Esq., Mr. Davison, and Captain Haggartson. The Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor. The Village of Birtley is irregularly built, and consists principally of thatched house's. It is situated eleven miles north by west of Hexham, and five and a half miles N.N.W, of Chollerton. The Chapel is a neat stone edifice, but very limited in its dimensions. The living, a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Bellingham, is rated in the parliamentary returns at £140 ; gross income, £100. Patron, the Duke of Northumberland ; incumbent, the Rev. W. H. Wilson. The petty tithes are commuted for £128, payable to the vicar of Chollerton, the corn tithes amounting to.al)Qut£80 per, annucQ^ar-e,. payable, tp^^^,"^ CHOLLERTON PARISH^MV^Q^Kl-^ 795 owner of the Chipcliase estate, and the chapel register commences in 1728. The Xattonal School, erected hy suhscription, in 1834, at a cost of £130, is a good stone building, situated in the centre of the village. In 1837, £5 per annum was granted to this school, by the trustees of Betton's Charity, and in 1850, the Duke of Northumberland endowed it wdth the sum of £7 a year. For these two grants a number of poor children are educated without payment. There is also a day-school here, which was established in 1814, and to which the Duke of Northumberland pays £3 per annum for the free education of five poor children of Birtley chapelry. It is conducted by Mr. Thomas Stokoe. There is also another school which is respectably attended, and is under the superintendence of Miss Isabella Robson. BiRTLET Hall, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, and the residence of JMrs. Frances Crowther, is a neat stone edifice, erected upon a portion of the site occupied by the Old Hall, part of whose ruins still remain. Countess Park, the residence of Mr. Thomas Robson, is pleasantly situated on the east side of the North Tyne, and is sun^ounded by extensive plantations. The remains of an old camp, or " station," are still visible in this vicinity. Reedsmouth is a hamlet in this township, situated at the con- fluence of the Reed and North Tyne rivers, two miles east by south of Bellingham. Beoomhope with Buteland, a township in this chapelry, is situated one mile and a half N.N. W. of Birtley, and is the property of Greenwich Hospital; its rateable value, population, &c., are included in the returns of the chapehy. Beggs John, surgeon, Eeedsmouth Hall Westwick John, blacksmith Elliott John, shoe, clog, & last maker Elliott Thomas, shopkeeper Hedley John, coalowner. Tone Colliery Lowther Mrs. Frances, Birtley HaE Milbnrn George, parish clerk Milburn James, shoemaker Ridley Elizb. vict. Percy Arms Robson Isabella, day-school Robson John, joiner Robson Thomas, wood merchant and shop- keeper Stokoe Thomas, day-school Short Joseph, schoolmaster and registrar of births and deaths for Kirkwhelpington district, Birtley Urwin Henry, tailor, Urwin James, shoemaker, Farmers Armstrong John, (fecorn miller, Reedsmouth Charlton Joseph, Tone Hall Charlton Gilbert, Birtley Charlton William, Birtley Hill Davison John, Steel and Broomhope Forster Christopher, Reedsmouth Hutchinson Ralph, Carry House Jobson Wilham, Buteland Nicholson Jane, Tone Quarry House Robson Percy & Thos. Low Shields Green Robson Thomas, and wood merchant, corn and saw mills, Countess Park Simpson William and Thomas, Low Carry House Smith George, Birtley Shields Stokoe John, Warkshaugh Bank Caeeier to Hexham. — Thomas Stokoe, from Birtley, on Fridays. CHOLLERTON PARISH. Chollerton is a parish comprising the townships of -Barrasford, Chollerton, Colwell and Swinburn, and Gunnerton and Chipchace. It is bounded by the parishes of Bellingham, Gorsenside, Wark, Simonburn, St. John Lee, and 3 c 796 TINDALE WARD — NOBTH-EAST DIVISION. Thockrington, and comprises an area of 12,950 acres. The population in 1801, was 1,137; in ]811, 1,]62; in 1821, 1,154; in 1831, 1,252; in 1841, 1,129; and in 1851, 1,151 souls. The greater portion of this parish, is in a high state of cultivation, and abounds with coal and lime. The rateable value of the parish is £9,030 10s. Baeeasfoed is a township and village, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, who is also lord of the manor. The township contains 1,394 acres, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 169 ; in 1811, 181 ; in 1821, 193 ; in 1831, 232 ; in 1841, 209 ; and in 1851, 228 souls. This manor was formerly the estate of Eobert de Umfraville, who, having been in the Scottish w^ars in the reign of Edward I., obtained, in 1303, a license for a market here every Wednesday, and a fair on the 11th of November, with free warren in his lordship, but these privileges have long been disused. The Village of Barrasford is pleasantly situated on the North Tyne, seven miles north of Hexham. It is very irregularly built, and the cottages, for the most part, are covered with thatch. Welton William, builder Welton "William, tailor and draper Young Miss Jane, Ellwood House Farmers Coulson Jacob Forster Ealph Lawes AVilliam, and agent to the Duke of Northumberland Dodd John, shoemaker Graham Thomas, shopkeeper Graham William Thomas, butcher Mclntyre Patrick, tailor Prudhoe Elizaheth, innkeeper Prudhoe William, joiner Keed George, draper and grocer Eutter John, corn miller, Barrasford Mill Urwin Thomas, blacksmith Walton Thomas, builder, Barrasford Fell Cholleeton is a township and village in the parish of the same name, con- taining 2,817 acres, the property of Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart , who is also lord of the manor. The populationin 1801, was 181, in 1811, 219 ; in 1821, 149; m 1831, 187; in 1841, 155; and in 1851, 157 souls. The Village of Chollerton is pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the North Tyne, about five and a quarter miles north by east of Hexham. The Chuech, dedicated to St. Giles, is a neat stone edifice, wdth a small tower, and has recently undergone considerable improvements and alterations. It has been newly pewed, a nev>' organ, and organ gallery erected, the old windows have been removed, and beautifully stained glass ones occupy their place. The living is a vicarage, with the curacy of Chipchase, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Bellingham, and is valued in the Liber Begis at £6 14s. 4^d., gross income £399. The tithes are commuted for £473 2s. lOd. Patron and incumbent, the Eev. Christopher Bird, M.A. The parish register commences in 1647. Chaeity. — Ursula Mountney, in 1680, left a rent charge of £2 per annum to the poor of this parish. Thomas Elliott, generally called Tommy the Tinker, died at Chollerton Edge, in this parish, in ] 834, aged 87. He generally resided at Stamfordham, and in his peregrinations through life, used frequently to walk from Tweedmouth to the latter place, a distance of upwards of sixty miles in one day. He was CHOLLEKTON PAEISH. 797 very iudustrions, and is said to have reaped corn regularly every harvest for seventy-four years. The township of ChoUerton indudes the villages of Little Swinburn and Whiteside Law, the former of which is situated one mile and a half north by east of Swinburn Castle. DiEECTORT. — Eev. Christopher Bird, M.A. vicar of ChoUerton, Vicarage ; and the farmers are Thomas Armstrong, Beaumont House, Newton, ChoUer- ton ; George Rochester, ChoUerton Middle Farm ; and WiUiam, Michael, and Joseph Taylor, Whiteside Law. CoLWELL AND SwiNBURN form a township in this parish, the property of Thomas Pdddell, Esq., who is also the possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The township comprises anarea of 4,432 acres. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 407 ; in 1811,387; in 1821, 403 ; in 1881, 411 ; in 1841, 393 ; and in 1851, 393 souls. The Village of ColweU is situated near the intersection of the Watling Street by the Cambo-road, eight miles north by east of Hexham. Swinburn is a large estate, which forms a joint township with ColweU, and extends upwards of three miles along the east side of the rivulet, from which the name of the estate is de- rived. It was anciently held by the Gunnertons, under the barony of Bywell, for the service of two knights' fees. In the reign of Edw^ard II., it w^as the seat and manor of Adam de Swinburn, on whose decease it was transferred to Sir John de Widdrington, of Widdrington Castle, who married the heiress of the Smnburns, and whose family were the proprietors of this estate for many generations. It was purchased by Thomas Riddell, Esq., of Fenham, in 1695, and has since been the property of his descendants. Swinburn Castle, the residence of Captain Coulson, is a beautiful stone structure, pleasantly situated in an extensive park, about eight miles north by east of Hexham. In the vicinity of the Castle is a neat Catholic Church, erected in 1842, and entirely supported by Thomas Piiddell, Esq. Rev. Peter AUanson, priest. There is a spring of excellent water on the land occupied by Mr. Edward Stephenson in this township. It is called the " Bore Well," from its being discovered while " boring" for coal. AUanson Eev. Peter, Swinburn Hermitage Blacklock Lnke, blacksmith, ColweU Carr George & Sons, builders, ColweU Coulson Captain John Blenkinsopp, Swin- burn Castle Dodd William, shoemaker, ColweU Dodds John, shopkeeper, Cowdon Jobling William, Esq. Cowdon House Eobson Koger, cartwright. Low W^ell House Stokoe Thomas, tailor, ColweU Surtees Thomas, joiner, builder, & timber merchant, ColweU TurnbuU William, shoe and clog maker, ColweU Watson Thomas, gamekeeper, Swinburn Farmers Armstrong John, Little Swinburn Gibson John, Cohvell Herdman James, and wood agent, Swin- burn Herdman John, and corn miller, Swinburn MiU Hogg Francis, and vict. Tonepit House Hudson Edward, Low Cowdon Hutchinson WUUam, and collector of pro- perty and income taxes, Swinburn Wood HaU Eobson Joseph, Edge House Simpson Thomas, Short Knows, Little Swinburn 798 TINDALE WAR1>--N0IVTH-EAST DIVISION. Steplienson Edward^ Colwell Well Houses I Stephenson Tbos. and yeomat), Wheat-liill Steplienson John, Colt Crag Watson William, Colwell Fell House Stephenson Robert, Colwell I Watson WiUiam, Fawcit Caeeiees. — Walter Fiddes and Hugh Moore, to Newcastle, and Thomas Taylor to Hexlaain, on Tuesdays from Colwell. -. < . a:;; ■::;•■; r}^^\vy,'j uv^-s ^^■^r::-ij. bi\it^ostmaster. Letters arrive here, from Bellinghara, at 9-30 p.m., and are despatched at 2 30 p.m. Post Office, Beedsdale, Thomas Riddell, postmaster. Letters arrive here, from Bellingham, at 9 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 8 p.m. Anderson Mrs. Diana, Seirlaw Cottage Anderson Miss Elizabeth, Woodburn Davison Mrs. Eleanor, Vicarage Graham Mr. John, Seirlaw Cottage Hedley Gabriel, builder, Woodburn Lumley Miss Ellen, Wood House, Wood- burn Koutledge Thomas, surgeon, High Leam Wallace George, butcher, Woodburn Academies and Schools National, East Woodburn, Abraham Wil- son, teacher WooDBUEN, John Douglas, teacher Blacksmiths Davison John, Woodburn Lee Joseph, Brandy Bank Boot and Shoemakers Davison Eobert, Woodburn Davison Walter, Peel Cottage Smith Henry, Yellow House Brick and Tile Manufacturers Dixon George, Broadgate Biddell Robert and Son, Chesterhope Fanners Marked (*) are yeomen Bell Christopher, Low Chesterhope Best John, High Park Brown and Stothert, Brandy Bank * Charter Forster, Woodbmii Hill * Dodds Mary, High Leam Hindmarsh Eobert, Broorahill Martinson Thomas, Woodburn 802 TINDALE WARD— NORTH-EAST DIVISION. Mather James, Blakelaw Murray Joseph, Cragg Potts Henry, Woodburn Riddell Edward and Wilham, Low Learn Riddell Nicholas, Hair Walls Rutherford Andrew, High Shaw ♦ Shanks Daniel, Whitston House * Shanks Eichard, Parkhead Thompson "William and Michael, Brigg Walton Michael and Wilham James, East Woodburn Wear Thomas, and corn miller, Woodburn Mill Wheatley and Davison, Woodburn Wood Daniel, Woodburn Townhead Wood Wilham and Ralph, Chesterhope Grocers and dealers in Sundries Armstrong Mary, Reedsdale Davison John, Woodburn Martinson Thomas, Woodburn Miller Wilham, & draper. East Woodburn Thompson George, Woodburn Hotels and Inns Bay Horse, Edward Riddell, Woodburn Dun Cow, Thomas Shipley, Fourlaws Fox <& Bounds, John Brown, Brandy Bank Queen's Head, Dorothy Robinson, East Woodburn Beerhouse Dobson Roger, East Woodburn Joiners and Builders Martinson Alexander, Woodburn Wheatley Edward, Woodbi^n/ aid.^ Tailors ■ • • Robson WilUara, and draper, Woodburn Slasor Robert, Woodburn Carriers. — To Newcastle, Thomas Wear, on Wednesdays; to Hexham, John Oi'd and Thomas Hedley, on Tuesdays. ■ ..■ r,\.V' ,J^->J s:i:r siTiBOod sniirio.i KIRKHARLE PARISH. KiRKHARLE parish comprises the townships of Harle (Little), Harle (West), and Kirkharle, and is bounded by the parishes of Kirkwhelpington, Thock- rington, and Hartbiu-n. The townships of Harle (Little), and Harle (West), were added to this parish by an order of the Queen in council, in 1847, and severed from the parish of Kirkwhel ping ton, to which they formerly belonged. At the same time and by the same order the^ township of Hawick, in Kirk- harle parish, was transferred to that of Kirkwhelpington. Kirkharle parish com- prises an area of 3,502 acres, and its population in 1801, was S81 ; in 1811, 337; in 1821, 304; in 1831, 286 ; in 1841, 299; and in 1851, 253 souls. Hakle (Little), a township, situated one mile and a quarter south-east by.[, east of Kirkwhelpington, is the property and seat of Thomas Anderson, Esq.,j:j who is also lord of the manor. It comprises an area of 701 acres, and it-Sju rateable value is £735 16s. 6d. The tithes were commuted in 1839 ; aggre-i t gate amount £12 16s. 8d., vicarial, and £1 8s. impropriate. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 67 ; in 1811, 77 ; in 1821, 48 ; in 1831, 64 ; in 1841, 51; and in 1851,_ 67 souls. This est-ate w^as formerly one of the manors of the barony of Prudhoe, of which it was held, in 1552, by John de Fenwick. It came afterwards into the possession of the Aynesleys of Shaftoe, from whom it was transferred by marriage to Lord Charles Murray, youngest eon of the Duke of Athol, who assumed the name of Aynsley. It is now the property of the gentleman above-mentioned, who resides at Little HAELE.i^i Tower, an ancient building beautifully situated, and surrounded by line xa forest trees. The principal resident is Thomas Anderson, Esq., Xii]t{tl^ ilJ^jJ^^H Tower. ; ■ ,tv2.io£lJioix-^cr S^ ^ S Kini^ Beaton chapelry. 803 Harle (West) is a township and hamlet, the property of Thomas Anderson, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The township contains 661 acres, and its rateable value is £400. It contained in 1801, 48; in 1811, 65 ; in 1821, 64 ; in 1831, 55 ; in 1841, 38 ; and in 1851, 22 inhabitants, Tithes commuted in 1839, aggregate amount £16 7s. 5d. impropriate, and £8 lis. 8d. vicarial. This estate was formerly possessed by the ancient family of Widdrington, and subsequently by the Harles. The Hamlet of West Harle is situated two miles S.S.W. of Kirk Whelpington. William Curry, farmer, is the principal inhabitant. KiRKHARLE is a tomiship and village in the parish of the same name, the property of Thomas Anderson, Esq., who is also the possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The township comprises an area of 2,140 acres, and its rateable value is £2,184. Population in 1801, 166 ; in 1811, 195; in 1821, 196; in 1831, 167; in 1841, 210; and in 1851, 164 souls. This was one of the manors of the barony of Bolbeck, which belonged to Robert de Harle in the reign of Edward III. It was afterwards the property of the Strothers, from whom it descended to the Loraines, whose ancestor, Robert, was one of those who accompanied the Conqueror in his invasion of England, and received, as his share of the spoil, large estates in the county of Durham, where the family resided till the reign of Henry V., when William Loraine became the proprietor of Kirkharle estate, by marrying the eldest daughter of Wilham de Strother. The Village of Kirkharle is pleasantly situated on the Cambo-road, about thirteen miles N.N.W. of Hexham. The Church is dedicated to St. Wilfrid. The living, a vicarage in the arch- deaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Bellingham, is valued in the Liber Regis at £3 8s. 4d., gross incom^e £197. Patron, Thomas Anderson, Esq. ; incumbent, the Rev. Thomas Redman ; the Rev. John Horsley New- ton, B.A., is the resident curate. The parish register commences in 1692. Here is a colliery and tile works, wliich are extensively carried on by Thomas Anderson, Esq. Directory. — Walter Balmer, steward; John Liddle, blacksmith; Rev. John Horsley Newton, B.A., Vicarage ; Joseph Parslow, foreman, Mirlow House ; Nicholas Thomas Soppet, coal agent; James Thornton, shopkeeper; and the farmers are Andrew Robinson, Kirkharle ; Ralph Shanks, Kidlaw^ ; Thomas R. Weddle, Shield Hill ; and William Weddle, Greatlaw. KIRK HEATON EXTRA-PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. Kirk Heaton is an extra-parochial chapelry, on the north of the parish of Stamfordham, to which it was formerly annexed. It comprises an area of 1,760 acres, and its population in 1801, was 147 ; in 1811, 153; in 1821, 140; in 1831, 182; in 1841, 164; and in 1851, 153 souls. Calverley B. Bewick, Esq., is the landowner. Here is a coUiery^ and limeldln, which are extensively worked by Messrs. William Grace & Co. The Village of Kirk- Heaton occupies an elevated position about nine and a half miles north-east by north of Hexham. From the eminence upon which it is situated, a most 3 c 2 '8G'4 TINDAEE WARD — ^NORTH-EAST DIVISION. extensive view of the suiToiiuding countiy may be obtained, while on the east a.nd south-east a portion of the German Ocean and Gateshead Fell is plainly discernible. The Chapel was rebuilt in 1775, at the expense of Mrs. H. D. Windsor, at that time lady of the manor. The living, a perpetual curacy in the patronage of C, B. Bewick, Esq., is valued at £60 per annum, and enjoyed by the Rev. Humphrey Brown. The Parsonage was formerly the Manor House. This chapeky registers with Thockrington, which see. Arthur James, shoemaker Atkinson John, shopkeeper Bawn WilHam, vict. Black Horse Brown Eev. Humphrey, incumhent, Par- sonage Cuthbert Edward, joiner Grace WiUiara & Co. coal owners, Kirk Heaton Colhery Henderson Thomas, shoemaker Nicholson T. manager,Kirk HeatonColliery Patterson John, limeburner Eeay Edward, shopkeeper Farmers Anderson John, and grocer Charlton Forster, Bog Hall Charlton Thomas, Mount HuUy Pattison John, Toft Hall Eeay Thomas and Eichard 1 KIRK WHELPINGTON PARISH. Kirk Whelpington is a parish, comprising the townships of Bavington (Great), Capheaton, Catcherside, Coldwell, Crogdean, Fawns, Hawick, Kirk- Whelpingtou, and Whelpington (West). It is bounded by the parishes of Elsdon, Hartburn, Corsenside, and Thockrington, and comprises an area of 13,351 acres, The population in 1801, was 714; in 1811, 814; in 1821, 793 ; in 1831, 789 ; in 1841, 705 ; and in. 1851, 679 souls. The township of Hawick was given to this parish in 1847, in exchange for the townships of Little Harle and West Harle, which were transferred to Kirk Harle parish. This extensive district consists principally of moorlands, which, however, afford excellent pasturage for sheep and cattle, and in some parts of the parish the soil is well suited for the purposes of the dairy. The salubrity of the atmosphere in this part of the country is much celebrated, and instances of longevity are not at all uncommon. Bavington (Great) is a township and hamlet, the property of James D. Shaftoe, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The township comprises an area of 1,565 acres, and its rateable value is £1,844 10s. 2d. The num- ber of its inhabitants in 1801, was 82 ; in 1811, 75 ; in 1821, 74 ; in 1831, 70; in 1841, 69 ; and in 1851, 78 souls. The Hamlet of Great Baving- ton is situated three miles south of Kirk Whelpington. Here is a Scotch Presbyterian Chapel, which was erected in 1725, and is now under the pasto- ral care of the Eev. Alexander Forsyth, who has established a very superior school here, in which the highest branches of education are taught by Mr. James Anderson. A neat " Manse" is at present (1854) in course of erection. Directory. — Rev. Alexander Forsyth, Barrington Manse ; James Ander- son, teacher ; Jacob Carr, mason. Lady Well ; Thomas Finling, shoemaker; and the farmers are Thomas Hemsley, New Houstead ; Simon Lamb, Clay Walls ; William Stephenson ; and Richard Weddle, Campwell. KIRK WHELPINGTON PARISH. '805 Capheaton, a township and Tillage in the above parish, comprises 2, '^13 acres, and its population in 1801, was 208 ; in 1811, 222 ; in 1821, 225 ; in 1831, 232 ; in 1841, 213 ; and in J 851, 226 souls. Sir John E. Swinburne is the proprietor of the whole township and lord of the manor. This beautiful district has been the property of the S\Yinburne family from a very early period. Sir John Sv.inburne was created a baronet in 1660, and that title has been borne by his descendants ever since. The Village of Capheaton is situated four miles S.S.E. of Kirk Whelpington. Here is a school which has been erected by the lord of the manor, and is now conducted by Mr William Turn- bull. Capheaton Hall, the seat and property of Sir John E. Swinburne, Bart., is a handsome edifice, erected in 1668, from the designs of Robert Trollop, the architect of the Old Exchange, at Newcastle, and of the present Mansion House, at Netherwitton . The library here contains one of the most exten- sive and best selected collections in the north of England. The pleasure grounds are laid out in a tasteful manner, and the clumps of trees which are scattered over the land, render the scene singularly beautiful. In 1745, some labourers employed in making a hedge to the lane, since that time called Silver Lane, about half a mile north of Capheaton, found several Roman coins, and a Roman service of plate, consisting of various vessels of silver. They secreted and sold all the coins, and after breaking the bottoms out of some of the vessels, and the handles and ornaments of others, disposed of them also, except the following, which were presented to the lord of the manor, viz : — one silver dish entire, weighing twenty-six ounces ; the bottoms of three others ; three handles adorned with beautiful figures in relief ; part of another carved handle ; a figure of Hercules and Antceus wrestling ; and a figure of Neptune. These, with a few fragments recovered by the honesty of a silversmith in Newcastle, were presented by the present baronet to the British Museum. Biography. — Among the members of the ancient family of Swinburne, none, probably, experienced vicissitudes so romantic as Sir John Swinburne, the first baronet. He was sent, while a child, to a monastery in France, where a Northumberland gentleman, of the Radcliffe family, accidentally visiting the place, recognised his features as those of the Swinburnes. On enquiring of the monks, how the boy came there, the only answer they could give, was, that he came from England, and that the payment for his board and lodging was annually remitted. On questioning the boy himself, it v>'as, however, found that his name was Swinburne, which, rnth the account of his father's death, and his own m3^sterious disappearance from Northum- berland, induced the superior of the monastery to allow him to return home, where, in an inquest specially empannelled for that purpose, he identified himself to be the son of John Swinburne and Ann Blount, by the description he gave of the marks upon a cat, and a punch bowl, which were still in the house. Charles II., in 1660, regarding his loyalty and zeal for the restoration, advanced him to the dignity of a baronet, in the patent for which, he styled him " \T.rum patrimonio censu, et morum probitate spectabilem." He was singularly easy in his afflictions, and in his prosperity favourable to his neighbours both by hospitality and other good qualities, which gained him the respect and affection of his country. He died on the 19th June, 1706. 806 TINDALE WARD— NOETH-EAST DITISIOK. Post Office, Capheaton.— Ann Bodsori, postmistress. — Letters arrive here, from New- castle, at 12-30 noon, and are despatched at 7-30 p.m. ■,.-. Capheaton School, William Turnbrdl, master Davison Thomas, butcher. Clock Mill Dobson Ann, shopkeeper Dobson James, tailor Gallan WiUiam, blacksmith Irvine John, gardener Swinbm-ne Sir John Edward, Bart. Tone Edward, land agent Tone Mr. Nathaniel Farmers Colley Wilham, Make'mrich Drjden John and George, Sandy Braes Henderson Thomas, Parkhead Keed John, Whitehouse Kobinson Joseph, Hillhead Rochester Richard, Capheaton, Newhouses, and corn miller, Clock Mill Thompson John, Frolick Catcherside township is situated two miles north of Kirk Whelpington. It contains 593 acres, and its rateable value is £285. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 13 ; in 1811, 12 ; in 1821, 15 ; in 1831, 14 ,' in 1841, 12 ; and in 1851, 11 souls. Sir W. C. Trevelyan is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. This township contains only four houses, and the principal resident is Joseph Robson, farmer. CoLDWELL is a township, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, v?ho is also lord of the manor. It is situated one mile and a half north-east of Kirk Whelpington, contains 295 acres, and its rateable value is £88 10s» Tithes commuted in 1839; aggregate amount £1 8s. 3jd. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was — ; in 1811, 9 ; in 1821, 7 ; in 1831, 6 ; in 1841, 8; and in 1851, 5 souls. This township contains but one house, which is occupied by George Moor, farmer. Crogdean, or Ceooiodean township, is the property of Thomas Harle, Esq.,: who is also the possessor of the manorial rights. It comprises an area of 354 acres, and its rateable value is £246. Population in 1801, 14 ; in 1811,; 10 ; in 1821, 6 : in 1831, 9 ; in 1841, 9 ; and in 1 851, 6 souls. It is distant one mile and a half west from Kirk Whelpington, and consists of only one farm, which is tenanted by Cuthbert and John Brown, farmers. Fawns is a township situated one mile east of Kirk Whelpington, and Sir W. ■ C. Trevelyan is lord of the manor and ow^ner of the soil. It contains 260= acres, and its population in 1801, was 5 ; in 1811, 7; in 1821, 8; in 1831,; 7; in 1841, 8; and in 1851, 8 souls. Its rateable value is £148 10s.' Tithes commuted in 1839; aggregate amount 6s. 8d impropriated, and £2 17s. vicarial. This township consists of a single farm, which is occupied by Robert Mason, farmer. ^ Hawick township is situated three miles W.N.W. of Kirkharle, and is the; sole property of Sir W. C. Trevelyan, Bart., who is also lord of the manor.i It comprises an area of 1,150 acres, its rateable value is £387, and it contained in 1801, 23 ; in 1811, 26 ; in 1821, 22 ; in 1831, 18 ; in 1841,' 8 ; and in 1 85 J , 6 inhabitants. It is a wild district, and has but three houses, which are occupied by labourers. There was formerly a chapel here, on tiae eminence still known by the name of Chapel Hill. •" ^ I^RK Whelpington is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the property of the Duke of Northumberland and Thomas Andersouri KIEK WHEEPJNGT0N PARISH. 80f Esq., the former of whom is lord of the manor; ' This town&hip c'Otnprises an area of 2,770 acres, and its rateable value is £1,644 15s. The number of its inhabitants in 180J,was234; in 181 1, 257 ; in 1821, 277 ; in 1831, 260; in 1841, 241; and in 1851, 220 souls. '" , The Village of Kirk Whelpington is situated on the north side of thS river ^^'ansbeck, thirteen and a half miles west of Morpeth, and fifteen miles N.N.E. of Hexham. The Church, dedicated to St.^- Bartholomew, is an ancient structure, with alow square tower, and has evidently been, at one time, a much larger edifice. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, anddeaneiy of Bellingham, is valued in the Liber Regis at £7 3s. 4d. ; gross income £301. Patron, the Bishop of Durham ; Rev. John Walker, vicar. The parish register commences in 1079. In 1841, a massive and beautiful new service of communion plate, was procured for the parish church, by the voluntary contributions of the incumbent and all classes of the parishioners. It consisted of a paten and plate, flagon, and chalice of solid silver, each bearing the following inscription, " Ecclesise Sancti Bartholoniei, de Whelpington, Edonis fidelium, 1841," The National School is situated near the Church. It is a stone building, and is endowed with £20 per annum, by Sir J. E. Swinburne and the Duke of Northumberland, as well as with a cottage and garden for the teacher. There is a library held in the school for' the use of the parishioners. The Justices' room and Lock-up, in the village, is a substantial stone structure, erected in 1853, at a cost of abotit £600. Petty sessions are held here on the last Monday in every month. Post Office, Kiekwhelptngton. — Mary Carr, postmistress. — Letters arrive here, frdtit Newcastle, at 12-30 nooD, and are despatched at 6 p.m. * Foffit John, corn miller Martinson Henry, joiner and builder ' '' ''- National School, J. Hepple, teacher . ■ "'I Walker Eev. John, vicar, Vicarage , r^j^o Wilson Thomas, lime burner i % ' .1 Sffo \inQ to Farmers si i: ^/a/T Brown Michael, Walk Mill Burdis Thomas & WilhamjEastWliiteHiU Burdis Wilham, Three Farms Harrett Kobert, and innkeeper and under- Atkenhead Thomas, shopkeeper Bell John, shoemaker Carr Mary^ shopkeeper Charlton Richard, joiner and builder Codling George, shoemaker Coxon George, shoemaker Curry John, cooper Gillespie John, police constable for Kirk- ■vvhelpington division Hall Thomas, managing farmer, Eochester Moss Harle John, blacksmith Hepple Thomas, clog and last maker; Hunter John, slater Johnson Benjamin, tailor and draper Johnson EHzabeth, shopkeeper Leidler John, butcher CaePvIees.— To Newcastle, Mary Carr, on Wednesdays, and John Moffit, on Fridays, from Kirkwhelpington. ^. ^ Whelpington (West) township, the property of Messrs. Dodd, Thomag^ Anderson, Esq., Sir C. W. Trevelj^an, Bart., and William JobHng, Esq., is situated one mile west by north of Kirk Whelpington. It contains 3,922 acres, and its rateable value is £1,614 10s. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 43 ; in. 1811, 80; in 1821, 69 ; in 1831, TSj in 1841, 66; bailiff to the Barony of Prudhoe '■ *' Eobson Jasper, West White Hill ,bT [ Watson Jacob, Middle White Hill Wilkinson John, Shield Si% 808. TINDALE WARD-— NOETH-EAST DIYISIOa. and in 1851, 36 souls. Each proprietor claims the manorial rights of his ovv'n property. DiEECTORY. — John Jowett, farmer and vfool stapler, Cowhills, near New- castle-on-Tyue ; and Michael Thornton, Black Hall. STAMFOEDHAM PARISH. Stamfordham parish comprises the townships of Bitchfield, Black-Heddon, Cheeseburn Grange, Fenwick, Hawkw'eil, Heugh, Ingoe, Kearslej, Matfen (East), Matfen (West), Nesbit, Ouston, Ryal, and Wallridge. It is bounded on the north b}^ Bolam, on the west by St. John Lee and Haltou, on the south by Corbridge and Ovingham, and on the east by Heddon-on-the- Wall and New- burn. It is about five and a half miles long, by four and a half broad, and contains an area of 18,089 acres. Population in 1801, 1,652; in 1811, 1,813; in 1821, 1,827; in 1831, 1,736 ; in 1841, 1,777; and in 1851, 1,781 souls. This parish comprises the finest part of Tindale Ward; it is well wooded, and some of the lands are occasionally enriched by the overflowing of the river Pont, which rises a little to the south of St. Oswald's, in the parish of St. John Lee, and after passhig through Ponteland, to the west of the marshy lake called Prestwick Carr, it empties itself into the Cat-raw, which proceeds in a north-easterly direction to Stannington Vale, and then assumes the name of the " Blyth'' river, under which name the united streams flow to the sea at Blyth. BiTOHFiELD is a towuship, situated three and a half miles north-east of Stamfordham, It contains 717 acres of land, its rateable value is £750, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 28 ; in 1811, 49; in 1821, 39 ; in 1831, 40 ; in 1841, 36 ; and in 1851, 33 souls. This township is the property of Sir C. M. L. Monck, Bart., who is also lord of the manor. Directory. — WiUiam and Christopher Graham, farmers, W^est Bitchfield ; and John Ridley, farmer, East Bitchfield. Black Heddon is a township and hamlet, the property of Sir C. M. L. Monck, Bart., and James Hepple, Esq., of Black Heddon House. Sir John Swinburne is lord of the manor. The township comprises an area of 1,619 acres, and its rateable value is £1,336 10s. Population in 1801, 36 ; in 1811, 64 ; in 1821, 63 ; in 1831, 64 ; in 1841, 73 ; and in 1851, 54 souls. The Hamlet of Black Heddon is situated three miles north of Stamfordham. Directory. — James Hepple, Esq., Black Heddon House ; Wilham Law, farmer, Black Heddon ; Edward Robson, shopkeeper ; and Thomas Southern, farmer, Bygate. Cheeseburn Grange is a township, one mile E.S.E. of Stamfordham, the property of Edward Riddell, Esq., J. P., who is also lord of the manor. It contains 695 acres, and the rateable value is £674 16s. The population in 1801, was 93 ; in 1811, 103 ; in 1821, 101 ; in 1831, 71 ; in 1841, 56 ; and in 1851, 64 souls. This manor w^as formerly the property of Hexham Priory, but after the dissolution of the religious houses, it passed to Gaw^en Swinburne, Esq., and we find Sir Thomas Widdrington proprietor in 1639. Thia^Sir Thomas was: 'i e founder of Stamfordham School, for some tim^i STAMl'OEDHAM I'AEISH. 809 Recorder of York, and subsequently Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, Speaker to the house of Parliament, and Lord Chief-Baron of the Exchequer. He was also the author of a Historj^ of York. He left four daughters, and this estate passed in the female line to the family of the pjeseut proprietor. Cheesebuen Grange Hall, the seat of Edward Riddell, Esq., J. P., is a substantial stone mansion, attached to which there is a neat Catholic Chapel, capable of accommodating about 100 persons. Over the altar is a fine painting of " The Descent from the Cross." Rev. Thomas Gillett, chaplain. DiRECTOBY. — Rev. Thomas Gillett (Catholic), Street Houses ; Edward Rid- dell, Esq., J.P , Cheeseburn Grange Hall ; John Hedley, farm bailiff, Leagure House ; and the farmers are David Barron, Stobhill ; John Liddell, Rich- mond Hill ; and John Robson, Grange Houses. IB'enwick is a township and hamlet, the property of Sir E. B. Blackett, who also possesses the manorial rights and privileges. The township comprises an area of 1,634 acres, and its rateable value is £1,660. The number of in- habitants in 1801, was 83 ; in 1811, 88; in 182], 76 ; in 1831, 80; inl841, 66; and in 1851, 72 souls. This place was formerly the seat and property of the ancient and valiant family of the Fenwicks, who possessed it as early as the reign of Henry III. John de Fen wick, who was the proprietor in the reign of the unfortunate Richard II., married Mary, the daughter of William de Strother, and by this means acquired the estate of Wallington, which, with this of Fenwick, continued in his family till the beginning of the reign of William III., when they were both sold to Sir William Blackett, Bart., in whose family it still remains. The Hamlet of Fenwick is situated one mile and three quarters west by north of Stamfordham. Fenwick Tower, the ancient seat of the Fenwicks, was pulled down, in 1775, when several hundred gold nobles, of the time of Edward III., were found in a stone chest, covered with sand, twelve inches deep, and placed over the arch of the cellar door, which was immediately under the flags of the castle gate. They were supposed to have been concealed on an inroad of David, King of Scots, in 1360, as far as Hexham, whence he carried off the two sons of Sir John Fenwick, the owner of this castle, who did not long survive the loss. Biography. — Sir John Fenwick, one of the ancient and heroic family who formerly possessed this township, was a member of parliament, in 1660, and of the successive parliaments of Charles IL and James II. He was a man of considerable talent, and romantically attached to the house of Stuart. After the great fire of London, in 1666, he built the great Hall in Christ's Hospital, in which the boys dine and sup. His restless spirit had led him, in the year 1694, to assist in the concerting of plans for the restoration of James II. ; but in 1696, finding that William's government was acquainted with his proceedings, he set out for France, but was apprehended at New Romney, in Kent, and committed to the Tower on a charge of treason. He was after- wards condemned, by a law made on purpose, to stain the scaffold with his blood — made after the crime was done, for which he was accused by a guilty approver. One act of mercy was allowed to Sir John ; he was not dragged 810 TINDALE WARD — NORTH-EAST DIVISION. tlirough tlie streets to be hanged at Tyburn, as the law required — ^but tbe king, in consideration, it is supposed, of the high rank of Lady Fenwick, (Lady Mary Ho^Ya^d, eldest daughter of Charles, Earl of Carlsle), omitted all execution of the act of forfeiture, except beheading him on Tower Hill. He met his fate with great firmness and composure, in the 52nd year of his age. His body was buried near the altar of St. Martin's Church, London. Directory. — John Smith, blacksmith ; and the farmers are Leonard Dob- son ; Cuthbert Drydon, Matfen Burn Side ; William Lishman ; and George and Robinson Turnbull. Hawkwell is a township and village in this parish, the property of Edward Riddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn Grange ; Mr. John Prudhoe, of Hawkwell, and others. The area of the township is 576 acres, and its rateable value £927 J Os. The population in 1801, was 125 ; in 1811, 133 ; in 1821, 130 ; in 1831, 150; in 1841, 176; and in 1851, 135 souls. Edward Riddell, Esq., J.P., is lord of the manor. This tow^nship is separated from Stamfordham by the river Pont, which frequently overflows its banks, and inundating the adjacent land causes considerable damage. The Village of Hawkwell is situated a quarter of a mile south of Stamfordham, and consists of a farm house, a brewery, a cornmill, an inn, and several cottages. In this township there is an excellent limestone quarry, worked by Messrs. Joseph and William Jordan. Crow Gr. registrar of births and deaths Curry Edward, cooper Handyside Dorothy, shopkeeper Handyside Edward, brewer, Hawkwell Brewery Handyside Henry George, farmer and woolstapler, Gilchester Handyside Eobert, cornmiller, Hepple Mary, schoolmistress Jordan Joseph and William, farmers Prudhoe John, joiner and cartwright Eutter Robert, blacksmith and innkeeper Heugh is a township and hamlet, the property of Sir John E. Swinburne, Bart., and Baliol College, Oxford. The township comprises an area of 2,281, acres, and its rateable value is £2,768. It contained in 1801, 472 ; in 1811, 522; in 1821, 512; in 1831, 472; in 1841, 442 ; and 1851, 448 inhabitants. Sir John E. Swinburne is lord of the manor. The Hamlet of Heugh con- sists of two farmhouses, an inn, and a few cottages. Stamfoedham is a small but pleasant village in the above township, situa- ted on the north bank of the river Pont, twelve miles W. N. W. of Newcastle, and thirteen miles E. N. E. of Hexham. It consists of one very broad street, or two rows of cottages, and possesses five or six inns. The buildings are principally two storeys high, and the space between the cottages on both sides of the village is covered with grass, and intersected by the main road. In the centre of the village is a small building called the market cross, which was erected by the lord of the manor. Sir John Swinburne, in 1736. At the east end of the village is a small lockup, for the temporary confinement of prisoners. There is a plentiful supply of excellent w^ater from a pant, which is situated at the eastern extremity of the village. Fairs are held here on Thursday before the 26th of April, for horses, cattle, and sheep — Thnrsday before the 26th of August, for cattle, sheep, and lambs. Hirings take plac^; STAMiSMXir 'ffllSHf ' ''' ' fell on the last Tliursclay in Marcli, for hinds — Thursday befoi'e the 12th of May, and, Thursday before the loth of November, for unmarried servants. Term days, 12th of May, and 13th of November. The Chuech, dedicated to St. Mary the Yirgiu, T^as rebuilt, with the exception of the tower, in the year 1849. It is a substantial stone building, having a monument to John Swinburne, Esq. and wife, in the west end. The parish i-egister commences in 1G62. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of North- umberland and deanery of Corbridge, is valued in the Liber Regis at £14 18s. J^d. ; gross income £626. Patron, the Lord Chancellor; vicar, the Rev. JohnF.Bigge, M.iV. ; curate, the Rev. Robert Gordon, Calthorpe,M.A. The United Pkesbyteeian Chapel, situated at the eastern extremity of the village, is an old, plain, stone building, capable of affording sitting accom- modation to about 200 persons. Rev. William Fisken, minister. Stamford- ha:u: School was founded and endowed by Sir Thomas Widdrington, in 1663. Patron, R. E. D. Shafto, Esq., M.P., Whitworth. The following trus- tees w^re appointed in November, 1852, viz. : — Sir C. M. L. Monck, Bart., Sir Edward Blackett, Bart, Edward Riddell, Esq., Rev. John F. Bigge, Rev. I. S., Priestman, and J. Hedley, Esq. The school is free to the children of the poor of Stamfordham parish. The income from the endowment, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report, amounted to £200 per annum. Thq Rev. John Fox is head master. A Library and Reading Room have been lately established. Charities. — Besides the school, the following bequest is the property of the poor of this parish. Henry Paston, in 1698, left a rent charge of £12 per annum, to be distributed quarterly by the vicar and churchwardens. Post OrncE, Stamfoedh.^m, Mary CoUey, Postmistress. Letters arrive, from Newcastle, at 12-30 noon, and are despatched thereto at 5 p.m. Eigge Eev. John, F.M.A., Vicarage Davison William, cornmiller, Heugh Hill Forster Thomas, stonemason Hedley Joseph, joiner Hedley Kohert, joiner Heslop E. istraw bonnet maker Academies and Schools Brough John Fisken Eev. William Feee Geammar ScH00L,Rev. John Fox, head master Baker and Flour Dealer Johnson Robert Blacksniith Lawson J. Heugh. Marshall William, and agri- cultural implement maker Boot and Shoemakers Dunn J. English Christopher Hall J. Kichardsbii J. Thompson T. Heslop E. shopkeeper Milburn Christopher, saddler Phillipson John, farrier Sharp John, clockmaker Surtees John, surgeon AVhite T. Sutchers Green William Shaw William Farmers Askell John, Mains Bank Davison John, Heugh Mill Dickinson John, Fleugh Cinnin George, Hetherslaw Elliott T. Dyke House,Heugh Ord Francis, Cowstand Rochester William, Heugh Robson T. Pens Close Tomlin Wm. Wester-heugh Turnbull William Grocers and Drapers Colley Hector Goodfellow,and spirit merchant 3 D Elliott J. Eeay J. Inns Bay Horse, Jas. Rutherford Colley Hector Good- fellow, spirit mei'chant 3Iasons' Arms, H. Thompson Plough, Michl.Urwin, Heugh Wheat Sheaf, Seth Shaw Swmhurne Arms, John EichardsoQ Marshall William, beerhouse Tailors Brown M. Brown N. Elliott John si-^ TINDALE WAEB— NOETH-EAST DIVISION. CoN^-EYAXCE. — A spring cart from tlie JIasons' Arms Inn, to the Victoria Hotel, Ne^v gate- street, Newcastle, on Tuesdays and Saturdays, leaving Stamfordham at seven o'clock in the morning, and returning from Newcastle at fom' in the afternoon. Cakeiee. — Andrew Elliott, to Newcastle, on Thursdays and Satm-days. IxGOE is a township and village, comprising 2,165 acres, the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Dixon DLxon, Esq. and others, and the rateable value is £1,423 14s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, \vas 201 ; in 1811, 232; in 1821, 239; in 1831, 242; in 1841, 231 ; and in 1851, 228 souls. The Village of Ingoe occupies an elevated situation, and consists of a farm house, AYith a number of cottages. Here is a Primitive Methodist Chapel, erected in 1848. There is also a school which is endowed with eleven guineas per annum, by the Duke of Northumberland, and other landowners in the neighbourhood. The school-house was erected by subscription in 1851. Askell John, hoot and shoemaker Brodie John, shopkeeper Douglas Moses, schoolmaster Murray John, tailor Proudlock George, joiner Eobson Matthew, innkeeper Eobson Robert, hoot and shoemaker Robson Wilham, blacksmith Farmers Brown Joseph and William Charlton Thomas Chariton WilUam, Linup Hill Hamson John, Muckle Eidge Harrison John, Ingoe Low Hall Han-ison George, Fens Harrison Joseph, Moralees Proudlock Thomas Eobson Joseph and Thomas Eussell George, and coalowner Wilkinson James, Tongues Wilkinson ^^illiam, Birney Keaesley is a to\vnship, situated four miles north-west by west of Stamford- ham. It contains 605 acres, and its rateable value is £368, and £'12 tithes. Population in 1801, IT; in 1811, 17; in 1821, 11 ; in 1831, 16; in 1841. 11 ; and in 1851, 13 souls. It is the property of John, George, and Thomas Hedley, to whom the manorial rights and privileges also belong Thomas Hedley is the principal resident in the township. Matfex (East) is a township and small village, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., Sir John Clayton, Mr. John Ord, of Corne'Side, West Matfen, and others. Sk Edward Blackett, Bart., and W. B. Beaumont, Esq., M.P., are the lords of the manor. The township comprises an area of 2,067 acres, and its rateable value is £1,881. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 143 ; in 1811, 149; in 1821, 152; in 1831, 130; in 1841, 110; and in 1851, 164 souls. Here is an extensive brick and tile manufactory, conducted by j\Ir. William Nicholson. The Tillage of East Matfen is situated two and a quarter miles south-west by west of Stamfordham, and from the founda- tions of buildings still visible, must at one time, have been a place of some consequence. Wall Houses is a hamlet in this township, four miles south-west of Stamfordham, upon the site of the Roman Wall. Baty William, slater, Matfen Bm-n-side Cant John, shoemaker Hall J. pulDHcan, Wall Houses HarreU James, blacksmith, WaU Houses Nicholson William, brick and tile manufac- tujrer, East Matfen Brick and Tile Works Farmers Angus Silas STAMl'ORDHAM PARISH. 813 BOTvman Henry, Butclier-liill Brewis Geo. and Jas. Matf en Moor Houses Dodd John, "Wall Houses Handyside William, Matfen Moor Houses, East Farm Hudson George Kowell John Ridley John Thompson John, Wall Houses Caeeiee, — Thomas Cook, from Bell Eink, to Newcastle, on Thui'sdays. Matfex (West) is a township and v>'ell built village, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., Mr. John Ord, of Corne Side, and others. The township contains 1,905 acres, and its population in J 801, was 324 ; in 1811, 256; in 1821, 307; in 1831, 319; in 1841, 429; and in 1851, 412 souls. The manor of lYest Matfen, belonged to Philip de Ulcote, in the reigns of John and Henry III., and was held by grand sergeantry, by the service of keeping the pleas of the crown. This Philip de Ulcote was joined in com- mission with Hugh de Baliol to hold the castle and town of Berwick-upon- Tweed against the confederate barons, in 1216, and was High Sheriff of Northumberland, from P215 to 1220. He died in 1234, and was succeeded in this and his other estates by his five sisters. West Matfen was afterwards the property of the Felton family, one of whom, Sir William, was High Sheriff of Northumberland, from 1312 to 1315, and from 1339 to 1344, and in 1340 was representative for the county in parliament. It was subsequently transferred by marriage to the Hastings family, with whom it remained till 1568, when we find it the property of Sir Kalph Lawson, but it soon after- wards passed into the Fenwick family, by whom it was alienated, about 1680, to John Douglas, Esq., on whose decease it was inherited by his eldest son, Oley Douglas, whose only daughter married Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., and by that means brought the estate into the possession of the Blacketts. The baronetage of this family was created in ]673, in the person of Sir William Blackett, a rich merchant of Newcastle, and representative of that town in parhament. Sir Edward, the second baronet, who was several times M.P. for Northumberland and Ripon, died in 1718, and was succeeded by his son Edward, who, dying without issue, in 1756, the family honours and estates devolved upon his nephew. Sir Edward, the fourth baronet, on whose demise, in 1804, Sir William Blackett succeeded to the estate, which is now possessed by Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., who was born in 1805. The Village of West Matfen is situated three miles west of Stamfordbam. The Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected in 1842 at the sole charge of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., and is a handsome edifice, possessing free sittings for about 300 persons. Matfen was erected into a " Dis- trict Parish" which embraces the townships of West Matfen, East Matfen, Ptyall, Ivearsley, and part of Ingoe, in February, 1846. The living is a per- petual curacy, in the patronage of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., and is endowed with tithes, twenty acres of land, and a handsome parsonage house and garden. Twelve acres of the land were given by Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., and the remainder was purchased by a grant from Queen Anne's Bounty. The Eev. I. S. Priestman, is incumbent. Matfen Hall, the residence of Sir Edw^ard Blackett, Part., is a splendid 814 TINDALE WAED— NOETII-EAST DIVISION. mansion, situated on a gentle elevation, on the north side of the river Pont. In the gardens adjoining the hall, area variety of " Eoman Remains," and other curiosities, principally found at Hal ton Chesters. Near the farm house called Matfen Low Hall, was a circular mount, composed of earth and numerous masses of stone, which have been used in the erection of an adjoining farm- stead. Amongst them were discovered two Cist-vaens, or stone coffins, consist- ing of four flags set edgeways, with a bottom stone and cover. When these were opened, the only vestige of mortality found within them was a little white dust. It was generally considered by antiquarians to have been a Celtic tumulus. Post Office, Matfen, Joseph Eichardson, postmaster. Letters arrive, from Gatesheadj via Corbridge, at 1-30 p.m., and are despatched thereto, at 4-30 p.m. Blackett Sir Edward, Bart., Matfen Hall Dodd John, shopkeeper Dobson John, butcher Porster George, bailiff Blacksmith Urwin Thomas, and agricuL tm-al implement maker Boot and Shoemakers Dav.'son John Dobson Thomas Rochester Joseph rarmers Hedley John, yeoman, De- light Ord Jno, yeoman, CorneSide Eobson John and Thomas, Matfen Ro^yell Edv*^ard, Dexvlaw Sample William, Matfen Scott Eorster, Low Hall Urwin Thomas, Matfen Inns Blacli Bull, Humphrey Mil- burn Green William, surgeon Priestraan, Rev. I. S. incumbent,Parsonage Richardson Joseph, agent Sample William, land agent Crown and Thistle, Leonard and Thomas DolDson Joiners and Cartwrights Robson John and Thomas Tailors Jordon William Soulsby J. Nesbtt is a township, situated two miles south of Stamfordham, and the property of Edw-ard Eiddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn Grange, who is also lord oi the manor. It contains 843 acres, and its rateable value is £662. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 41 ; in 1811, 42 ; in 1821, 38; in 1831, 37; in 1841, 35 ; and in 1851, 36 souls. DiEECTOEY. — The farmers are Joseph and George Barron, Dodley ; EHza- beth Potts, Nesbit Hill Head ; John Charlton Ridley, Nesbit; John Ruther- ford, Birks ; Henry Stobart, Cold Side ; and Thomas Stobart, Cold Side. OusTON township is one mile and a half south-west of Stamfordham. It comprises an area of 51 1 acres, its rateable value is £378, and the population in 1801, was 37; in 1811, 24: in 1821, 32; in 1831, 19; in 1841, 21 ; and in 1851, 24 souls. Edward Riddell, Esq., of Cheeseburn Grange, is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. DiEECTOEY. — The farmers are Matthew Barron and William White. Ryall is a chapelry, township, and small village, in the above-named parish, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., Mr. Peter Aunandale, Jo Hedley and Brothers, and the Rev. J. F. Bigge. Each landowner claims the manorial rights of his own property. The township comprises an area of 2,189 acres. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 128 ; in 181 1, 129 ; in 1821, 118; in 1831, 89: in 1841, 87; and in 1851, 88 souls. The Village of Ryall consists of two good farm houses, an inn, and a few cottages, which are chiefly inhabited by agricultural labourers. Here is an old ruinous THOCKRINGTON PxilllSH. 815 chapel, situated in a grave yard. It was formerl}^ a Chapel of Ease under the parish church of Stamfordham, but since the erection of Trinity Churcli at West Matfen, in 1842, this chapel has become disused, the township of Eyall being included in the district attached to that church. 'Directory. — Robert Hall, innkeeper; William Jobson, blacksmith; William Rochester, shoemaker ; and the farmers are James and Alexander Ai-mstrong, Fair Spring ; John Reed, South Farm ; and Edward Wales, East Farm. Wallridge is a township, four miles N.N.W. of Stamfordham, the property of Sir Charles M.L. Monck, Bart. It contains 191 acres, and its population in 1801, was 4; in 1811, 5; in 1821, 3; in 1831, 7; in 1841, 4; and in 1851, 10 souls. It consists of one farm, which is occupied by Forster Charl- ton, farmer. THOCKRINGTON PARISH. Thockrixgton parish comprises the townships of Bavington Little, Carry- coats, Sweethope, and Thockrington, and is bounded by the parishes of Kirk Whelpington, Kirkharle, and Chollerton. It is about four miles in length by two miles and a half in breadth, and comprises an area of 6,943 acres. Its population in 1801, was 182 ; in 1811, 158 ; in 1821, 201 ; in 1831, 203 ; in 1841, 193 ; and in 1851, 173 souls. The land in this parish is chiefly used for grazing purposes. Bavington (Little) is a township and hamlet in this parish, the property of J. D. Shaftoe, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. The township con- tains 1,702 acres of land, and its rateable value is £1,153. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 58; in J 811, 36; in 1821, 78; in 1831, 72; in 1841, 91 ; and in 1851, 82 souls. The Hamlet of Little Bavington is situated eleven and a half miles N.N.E. of Hexham, on the Alnwick Road, near the source of the Erringburn. Here is a Wesleyan Methodist Chapel. Bavington Hall is the seat and property of James Delaval Shaftoe, Esq. It underwent several improvements and repairs in 1851, and is now a sub- stantial family mansion, adorned on every side by fine plantations. This place has been the seat of the Shaftoes since the reign of Edward I. DrRECTORY. — James Delaval Shaftoe, Esq., The Hall ; Christopher Arthur, gamekeeper; John Hutchinson, shopkeeper; George Stewart, Temperance Hotel, and shoemaker ; and the farmers are James Charlton, Bavington Mount; John Fenwick, Steel Ridge ; Robert Patterson, Moss Barns ; Launcelot Robson, Cocklaw Walls ; and Thomas Thornton, Homilton. Carry Coats, a tow^nship in the above parish, is situated twelve miles north of Hexham. It comprises an area of 1,799 acres, and its rateable value is £919 10s. The population in 1801, was 46; in 1811, 51 ; in 1821, 50; in 1831, 42; in 1841, 51; and in 1851, 45 souls. The lord of the manor and owner of the soil, is — George, Esq., who resides at Carry Coats Hall, which is a neat stone building, occupying a pleasant situation. Directory. — George, Esq., Carry Coats Hall. SwEETHOPE is a township in this parish, the property of Sir W. C. Trevelyan, 816 TINDALE WARD — SOUTH DIVISION. Bart., who is also lord of tlie manor. It contains 1,010 acres, and its rateable value is £303. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 27; in 1811, 32 ; in 1821, 25 ; in 1831, 18; in 1841, 9 ; and in 1851, 10 souls. This township is occupied by William Kobson, farmer. Thoceeington is a township and village, giving name to the parish in which it is situated, and the property of J. D. Shaftoe, Esq., w'ho is also the pos- sessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The township comprises an area of 2,432 acres, and its rateable value is £1,225. It contained in 1801, 51; in 1811, 39; in 1821, 48; in 1831, 71; in 1841, 42; and in 1851, 36 inhabitants. The Village of Thockriugton is situated ten and three- quarter miles north by east of Hexham. The Paeish Chueoh is an ancient stone structure, pleasantly situated on an eminence west of the village. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Bellingham, certified at £10, gross income £60, is in the patronage of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and incumbency of the Rev. Hum- phrey Brown, of Kirk Heaton. The parish register commences in 1715. DiRECTOEY. — The farmers are George William Browell, Quarry House ; William Pickering ; and Matthew Pigg, North Heugh. TINDALE WAED— SOUTH DIVISION, HEXHAMSHIRE. Hexhamshire is an interesting district, comprising the parishes of Hexham, Allendale, and St. John Lee. It anciently constituted a regality, county palatine, or liberty, and diocese, but was united quod civilia, to the county of Northumberland, by the act J 4 Elizabeth, cap. 13. It had been pre- viously held, both as a regality and diocese, by the Bishops of Hexham. During the calamitous period of the Danish invasions, the monks of St. Cuth- bert, in the diocese of Durham, contrived to obtain possession of the regality and diocese, but Henry IL, afterwards seized and imprisoned Ralph Flam- bard, Bishop of Durham, and gave the regality of Hexham, as a barony and a spiritual jurisdiction, to the archepiscopal see of York, and although, in the reign of Henry VIII. , the barony was given to the king in exchange for certain royal possessions granted to the archbishop, the ecclesiastical jurisdic- tion was still retained, so that until the ecclesiastical commissioners trans- ferred all places within this peculiar jurisdiction from the archdiocese of York to the archdeaconry of Northumberland and diocese of Durham, Hexhamshire was within the jurisdiction of the archdiocese. ALLENDALE PARISH. Allendale is an extensive and hilly parish in the district of Hexhamshire, and in general appearance is sterile and desolate, abounding with rugged elevations, which, however, conceal mineral treasures of great value. It is about twelve miles in length by ten in breadth, and comprises an area of . ' - - ALLEKDALE PAEISIL 817 37,967 acres. The population in 1801, was 3,519; in 1811, 8,884; in 18-21, 4,6:29; in 1831, 5,540; in 1841, 5,729; and in 1851, 6,383 souls. The rateable value is d61 1,631. The principal landowners are W. B. Beau- mont, Esq., lord of the manor, William OrJ, Esq., Isaac Crowhall, Esq., Parkin Lee, Esq., George Lee, Esq., Joseph Lee, Esq., and others. This parish contains very extensive lead mines, the principal of which are at Coal- cleugh and AUenheads, w^here there are several levels, nearly a mile in length, excavated to communicate with the mines under the hills. There are also several works for grinding and washing the lead ore, and for separating it from the stone, or spar, to which it adheres. From these cleansing houses, the lead is carried to the smelting mills, where it undergoes the process of refining, and the silver, which is generally found in greater or less quantities, is extracted. The hills, by which this dale is surrounded, abound with grit- limestone of a dark blue colour, and the mountain of Kilhope Law, which extends from Coalcleugh to the extremity of the county, may be distinctly perceived from the sea at Tynemouth Bar, a distance of fifty miles. The East Allen rises near the village of AUenheads, and the West Allen about three miles east of the same place. Their streams unite a little below Old Town, and then pursue a northerly coast joining the South Tyne near Eidley Hall. In the vicinity of Allendale town, the East Allen is crossed by a bridge, which was erected at the expense of the county, in 1825. There is also another bridge at Allen Mill. In 1792, an act of parliament was obtained for " en- closing, allotting, and stinting " Hexhamshire and Allendale common, which contained 40,231 acres, and also for laying out public roads, and opening quarries on this extensive tract, a sixteenth of which was awarded to the possessors of the manorial privileges, as a compensation for their right to the soil, and for their consent to the division and enclosure of these wastes. The greater portion of the estates in Allendale are held by copyhold tenure, though there are numerous freehold proprietors. This parish is divided into nine divisions, called grievesldps, to each of which a cesser and collector are annually appointed. The divisions are Allendale, Broadside, Catton, High Forest, Low Forest^ Keenley, Park, West Allen (High), and West Allen (Low). THE TOWN OF ALLENDALE, Allendale, a market town in the parish of the same name, is situated on the river Allen, nine and three-quarter miles south-west by w^est of Hexham. The JPaeish Church is a neat stone structure, rebuilt in 1809, and con- tains 400 sittings, the whole of which are free. There is a monument in this church, the work of the celebrated Lough, whose fine statute of Milo, afterwards placed him in the foremost rank of modern sculptors. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Hexham, of the certified value of £26 6s. 8d., and rated in the parliamentary re- turnsat £130. Patron, W. B. Beaumont, Esq. Incumbent, the Rev. Titus Emer- son. The tithes of Allendale, Catton, and Park, are commuted for £98, 8J8 TINDALE WAED — SOUTH DIVISION. payable to the Curate of Allendale, and the tithes of the other grieveships are commuted for the sum of £163, payable to Isaac Crowhall, Esq., and others. The parish register commences in 1663. The Primitive and Wesieyan Methodists have small chapels here, and there is also a Meeting House belonging to the Society of Friends. Allendale School, Bride's Hill, was founded by the will of W. Hutchinson (1692), and that of 0. Wilkinson (1700), as a " Free Grammar School, for teaching all the children of the inhabitants of this parish such useful and necessary learning, and languages, as the trustees should direct." The income is derived from rent, and amounts to about £62 5s. per annum. This town possesses a small market, which is held every Friday in a spacious market-place. Fairs are held here on the last Friday in April, and the Friday immediately following the 29th of October, when hirings for servants also take place. There is a Savings Bank here which is open on the first Friday of the month from 1 to 5 p.m. W. C Arnison, treasurer ; Edward Dodd, actuary. About two miles from the town of Allendale is situated the remains of vfhat is considered to have been a Roman station. It is rectangular in form, as Roman camps generally are, is suiTounded with entrenchments, and has a paved portway seven yards broad. It retains many marks of antiquity, and is supposed by Mr. Warburton, to have been the Roman station Alione, whose site has been generally placed at AVhitley Castle. Chaeities. — John Shield, in 1617, left a rent charge of J610 per annum for sermons, the poor, and an allowance to the trustees. The whole of this sum is now devoted to the poor of the parish. There is also the " Poor's Money." amounting to £1 15s. yearly, which belongs, as its title implies, to the poor. Ann Wilson, in 1720, bequeathed a rent charge often shillings per annum to the poor of Keenley Quarter. There were many other legacies, &c., belonging to this parish, but they have been lost, owing to the neghgence of those in whose trust they had been vested. Post Office, Allendale Town. — John Shield, postmaster. Letters arrive here, from Allenheads, at 7-50 a.m., and from Haydon Bridge at 2 p.m. They are despatched to Haydon Bridge, at 8 a.m., and to Allenheads at 2-15 p.m. Armstrong Mrs. — Clarke John, road surveyor of the Allendale Turnpike Trust Clemitson Eev. William, (Primitive Metho- dist) Dickinson George, registrar of births and deaths Emerson Kev. Titus, incumbent Harrison Mr. WilUam Johnson Mrs. Margaret Mulcaster Mr. James Nevin Christopher, Esq. Thornley Leases Boddam Thomas, beerhouse keener Eowell Mrs. Eebecca Eowell Mr. Thomas Shield Joseph, gardener Steel Thomas, lead agent, Pod Bank Stephenson Mr. Thomas Stobbs Kalph, cooper Thompson Thomas, road contractor, Koper House Walton John, clerk Wilsons, Lee, & Co. brewers, malsters, and spirit merchants, Allendale Brewery, — Jacob Johnson Watson, managing partner ALLENDALE PAKISH. 819 Academies and Schools Beldeshill, Joseph Bell, William Johnson, Hannah andElizab. Close, teachers Dodd Edward Feney Butcher Clementson John Hill Cartwrights Lamb William, Thornley gate Telford Henry Farmers Marked * are yeomen Chatt John, Moor Houses * Clarke John * Harle Jonathan, Wooley- burn * Little John, Broadvvood Eidley Wilham, Portgate * Watson John, Broadwood Inns and Public Houses Board, Edward Forrest, & cart proprietor, Thornley Gate Board, Mary Watson Fox d- Lavib, Henry Mews Golden Lion, John Dawson Blacksmiths Bulman Eobt. Thorniey-gate Miiburn Thomas Boot and Shoemakers Eitson Joseph Eussell John, and dogger Short George Stobart George "Wilson William Grocers and Dealers in Sundries Atkinson William Bell Joseph, and stationer Dickinson Bax'bara Forster John Liddell, and druggist Holden Isaac Hudson Matthew Hutchinson John Johnson Margery and Eliza- beth Mattrass Ann Moore William Pearson Ann Eobinson George Stobbs Ann Teas dale Mary IIa,re (& Hounds, William Errington King's Head, William Holmes Pathfoot, Eobert Pearson Rose & Crown, Joseph Brown Three Tuns, Johnson Burn Potts Joseph Shields Nicholas & Joseph Masons and Builders Langstaflf William Maughan John Miller Eobson Lancelot, Bridge End Corn Mills Surgeons Arnison Wilham Campbell and Son Miller John Lindsay Ironmongers Pears Wilham Eoutledge Thomas Joiners and Builders Barrow Thomas Fairlamb Nicholas Harrison Bartholomew Lee Isaac Carriers to the following places Haydon Bridge— John Shield, on Tues- day, Thursday, and Saturday Hexham — John Shield, on Tuesdays and Thursdays ; to Allenheads on Wednesday, Conveyance. — Mail Gig runs from Allenheads to Haydon Bridge, every morning at 6-30, and passes through Ahendale town at 8 a.m., returning in the afternoon. Broadside grieveship is inhabited by the follov^ing farmers. Edward Beck; Joseph Dickinson ; John Graham; John Harrison, and yeoman ; and Thomas Nicholl. Catton is a grieveship and village, situated two miles north-west of Allen- dale town ; the following are the principal inhabitants. Tailors Forster James Pattinson Cuthbert Short George and Weardle on Monday Newcastle — William Errington, Edward Forrest, and Thomas Martin, on Tues- days Beck Edward, vict. Hare and Hounds Bell Eobert, shoemaker Brown Thomas, shoemaker Dickinson William, shopkeeper Dixon Henry, blacksmith Errington William, vict. Unicorn Forrest Matthew, vict. Dean House Forster George, shopkeeper Galloway Ellen, tailor Lee John, shopkeeper Liddell John Eobson, shoemaker Nevin Thomas, beerseller Eussell George, tailor Stobbs Henry, shopkeeper Waugh Henry, shopkeeper 3 D 820 TIKDALE WARD-^SOUTH DITISION. Farmers Marked * a * Armstrong \Yilliam * Graham George and Matthew * Graham Joseph * Johnson John * Maughan Edward Ma ugh an William Nixon Thomas * Pearson George * Eobson John Shield John FoEEST High is auotlier grievesliip, comprisiDg tlie village of Allenlieads' aud several hamlets. Allexheads, the highest inhabited place in England, and situated about eight miles south of Allendale, was formerly a distinct parish, and in its neighbourhood are several lead mines, in the working of which the inhabitants are principally engaged. The surrounding country is extremely desolate aud mountainous. St. Peter's Chuech, a neat stone edifice, is situated about two miles north of Alleuheads. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the curate of Allendale, and incumbency of the Eev. Constantino O'Donel. The register of this church commences in 1807. W. B. Beaumont, Esq , has also erected a private chapel for the use of the labouring classes of this district, in which the clergyman of St Peter's offici- ates. There are also places of worship belonging to the Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, and a National School, which, with the teacher's house, was erected in 18'25. W. B. Beaumont, Esq., pays £8 per annum to the teacher, Mr. John Heslop. Average attendance, sixty children. O'Donel Eev, Constantine. Allenheads Brown "William, land agent, Allenheads CmTj John, mining agent, Allenheads Cm-ry William, mining agent, Allenheads Hewitson William, surgeon, Eha House, Allenheads, Haydon Bridge Keeney John, engineer, Alknheads Academies and Schools j Grocers, Shopkeepers, and Allenheads — John Fisher Dealers in Sundries Sopwith William, agent, Allenheads Walton William, agent, Peasmeadows Wigham Eobert, tile manufacturer, Sparty Lea Davrson Jacob, and chemist. AUenheadSjHaydouBridge Nicholson Bartholomew, Al- lenheads Pears Archbold,BlossomHill Percival George, Dirtpots Percival Hannah, Diripots Percival James, and draper, Dirtpots PhiUipson Geo. Sparty Lea Inns and Public Houses Dawson Mary, Allenheads Sparke William, Allenheads and — Fisher, teachers St. Peter's, Allenheads — John Heslop, teacher Elacksmitlis Stokoe Robert, Sparty Lea Walton Alexander, Allen- heads Boot and Shoemakers Sparke Joseph, and dogger, Allenheads Stephenson Matthew, Dirt- pots Forest (Low) is also a grieveship in Allendale parish, the following are the principal residents ; Dixon Ptobt. schoolmaster,PlantationHouse and shopkeeper, Holmes bank Lee Thos. corn miller, Blackbank Farmers Marked * are Yeomc-n * Archer Thomas and Joseph, KnockbmTi * J Maughan John, Pry Hill * Renwick John and William, Low Acton Masons and Builders Milburn Joseph, and quarry master, Peasmeadows Eobson WiUiam, Sparty Lea Miller Sparke William, Allenheads Corn Mill Surveyors Bewick Thomas John, and mining engineer, Allen- heads Sparke William, land, Allen- heads Whitfield John, land & mine, Allenheads Robinson John, Huntrods Eobson — , and butcher, Sipton Shield Roddam John, Xewfold House Shield Hugh, and poor-rate High Acton Stobbs William, Low Acton * Welsh John, Broadgate Head collector, ALLENDALE PARISH. ^21 Keenley grieveship is situated two miles west of Allendale town. Here is a Wesleyan Chapel, erected about the year 1750, and a Primitive Methodist Chapel and School, which were built in 1848. Bushby Hugb, Wide Hill *Carrick Thomas, Keenleywell House ♦Charlton William, Hawksteel French Henry, wood agent, Holly Bush French Henry, jun. joiner and builder, Holly Bush French James, schoolmaster. Holly Bush Henderson Edward, grocer and draper, Plaintree House Hudspith Thomas, butcher. Hay Leazes Ridley Cuthbert, blacksmith, Keenley Well Wigham Thomas, gentleman,Hindley Wrea Farmers Marked * are Yeomeu Bell William, Hindley Hill * Blair John, Oak Pool * Blair Robert, Keenley Thorn Bowman William and Joseph, Lane Head Glenwright Wilson, Cleugh Bank Hall John, Frost Hall Hutchinson Joseph, Lane Head Jackson Sarah, Monk Pattinson Joseph, West Side *Lee William, Hawksteel Ridley Thomas, Low Bank ♦Shield Abraham, Burnlaw Shield Hugh, East Burnlaw Stobart Matthew, Chapel House *Stobart William, Burn Tongues Thompson William, Harlowburn Waugh Matthew, Huntnook Wright John, Huntergap Paek is another grieveship, the following are the principal inhabitants ; — Henderson Thomas, Crowberry Hall Johnson William, Wooley Maughan George, Studdon Maughan William and Joseph, Wooley Nevin Matthew, Parkside Nevin Ridley, Wooley Park *Robson Jacob, Woodheads * Short Thomas, Peek Riding Shield Matthew, Park ♦Stephenson John, New Shield Thirlwell Tliomas, Park Gate Watson Joseph, Studdon Glendinning Matthew, mason, Studdon Rutter Christopher, miller Farmers Marked " are Yeomen Armstrong Edward, Holmes Armstrong Thomas, Hag Carr Thomas, Hollin Close ♦Forster Thomas , and auctioneer, butcher, and draper, Wooley Glendinning John, ShiddonPark ♦Hall Isaac, High Studdon West Allen (High) grieveship comprises the villages of Coalclengh and Carr Shields, besides several hamlets. At Carr Shields there is a Chapel of Ease, nnder the Church at Ninebanks. It is a handsome stone edifice, erected in 1822, bv-Mrs. Diana Beaumont and others, for the convenience of the mining population of the neighbourhood. There are also two Wesleyan Chapels in this grieveship, one at Limestone Brae, rebuilt in 1847, and the other near the village of Coalcleugh. W. B. Beaumont, Esq. has lately erected a school here. Post Office, Coalcleugh. — Joseph Stokoe, postmaster. Letters arrive here, from Hay don Bridge, at 4 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 9 15 a.m. Coulson Wm. shopkeeper, Bateshields Crozier John, boot and shoemaker, Carrshields Bawson Thomas, shopkeeper Whitelea Shields Edgar David, grocer, draper, and provision merchant, CaiTshields Emerson Joseph, shopkeeper, Moap Fairless John, innkeeper, Carrshields Gamble Robert and Ann Jane, teachers of Carrshields School Hetherington John, black and whitesmith, Kiersley Well-row Hetherington Mr. Thos. Kiersley Well row Martin Chester, shopkeeper, Harsley Milburn Joseph, shoemaker, Farney Side 823 TINDALE WARD SOUTH mviSTOK. Montgomery William, surgeon Kevin John, mining agent, Carrshields Eeed Rev. Joseph, Coalcleugh Shield John, innkeeper, Coalcleugh Telfer Eobert, shopkeeper, Wolfcleugh Yarty Joseph, grocer, Farney Side Whitfield Utrick, shoemkr. Limestone Brea Farmers Iklarked * are Yeomen *Clementson Thomas, Nether Harsley *Coates Thomas, Harty Cleugh * Grieve John, Black Cleugh ♦Harrison Thomas, Smallburns Harrison Thomas, Greenley Cleugh Jackson Elizabeth, Farney Shields Jackson Martin, Farney Shields Johnson Martin, Bell Hill *Keenlyside John, Sparty Well Martin Rachel, Harsley Millican James and William, Dyke Noolc Ridley John, Limestone Brea *Short George, Park House Swindle John, Limestone Brea Walton Mary, Appletree Sliield *Wilson Henry, Dale House *Wilson John, Taylor-bmn West x\llen (Loyv-) is another grieveship, comprising the village of Xine- banks and several hamlets. West Allen was severed from the mother church and formed into a " district parish" in 1767, in conformity with an act of parliament obtained in the same year. The Church is situated at the village of Ninebanks, audits register commences in 1767. The living is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the curate of Allendale, and incumbency of the Eev. Jonathan Scurr. Here is a school, which is open to children of every demonination. It, and the teacher's residence, were erected by subscription, aided by a grant from the Committee of Council on Education. Post OrricE, Ninebakks. — ^^Vilham Taylor, post7naster. Letters arrive, from Haydon Bridge, at 3 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 8-15 a.m. Bushby Thomas, miller, Kinebanks Lee Matthew, Esq. Ninebanks Lee Parker, Esq. Ninebanks, Ridley Elizabeth, shopkeeper. High House Ritson Joseph, joiner, Ninebanks Robinson Robert, shopkeeper, Leadgate Scurr Rev. Jonathan, Ninebanks Usher Thomas, schoolmaster Farmers Marked * are Yeomen "Dawson Thomas, Far Pasture *Ha]l Robert and William, Milescot Henderson Mntthew, Whamlands Henderson William, Low House *Lee Joseph, Keenleyside Hill *Lee Mary, Mount Pleasant Ridley John, and smith ♦Summers Matthew, Gate House Teasdale Joseph Taylor WilUam, Ninebanks HEXHAM TOWN AKD PARISH. I Hexha:^! parish is bounded on the north by the Tyne, on the west and south-west by the parishes of Allendale and Warden, on the south by the county of Durham, and on the south-east £?nd north-east by the parishes of Corbridge, Slaley, and Shotley. It comprises the townships of Hexham, High Quarter, Low Quarter, Middle Quarter, and West Quarter, whose •united area is ?7,973 acres. The population in 1801, was 4,565 ; in 181 1, 4,855 ; in 1821, 5,436; in 1831, 6,042; in 1841, 5,989 ; and in 1851, 6,537 souls. The soil is various ; the valleys in general, are rich and highly cultivated, while the greater part of the high lands is quite unimprovable, and produces only poor grasses or heath. The vale of Hexham is peculiarly striking and beautiful, and the nurseries, gardens, shrubberies, and woods, HEXHAM PARISH. 823 are numerous and flourishiug. Of this lovely vale, it is justly said, " the harvests are the earliest, its trees have the richest foliage, and its landscape is the most diversified of any in Northumberland." This parish is intersected by the Newcastle and Carlisle Eailway. The land in this district belongs to a gi'eat number of proprietors ; the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital are, however, the principal landowners. Hexham is an ancient township and market-town, giving name to the parish and district in which it is situated. The township contains 4,775 acres, and its rateable value is £11,005 3s. 6d. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 3,427 ; in 1811, 3,518 ; in 1821, 4,116 ; inl831, 4,666 ; in 1841, 4,742; and in 1851, 5,231 souls. The manor of Hexham was sold by the Crown, in the reign of Elizabeth, to Sir John Forster, K.B., Lord Warden of the Middle Marches. In the forty-third year of the same reign, it devolved to his son. Sir John Fen wick, Knt., who purchased from the Carnabies the im- propriation of the abbey. His grandson. Sir John Fen wick, Bart., sold it to Sir William Blackett, of Newcastle, in the reign of William III. It after- wards descended to Sir Walter Calverley Blackett, Bart., and then to Thomas Richard Beaumont, Esq. and Diana his wife, being entailed on her offspring, and is now the property of W. B. Beaumont, Esq. This township is divided into four wards, Gilligate, Hen cotes. Market, and Priestpopple, each of which has a separate constable, as also has each of the other quarters, or out-town- ships. The bridge which crosses the Tyne in this township, about a quarter of a mile from Hexham, was erected under the direction of Mr. Mylne, and is a beautiful structure, consisting of nine main arches, with smaller ones on the south side, which serve as reliefs in case of floods. A bridge was first erected here in the reign of William III. It consisted of seven arches, and was finished in 1770, but was destroj^ed by the great flood in 1771, when " whole acres of ground, houses, and families," are said to have been swept away. In 1774 a second bridge was commenced, but the project was soon abandoned on discovering quicksands beneath the gravel on both sides of the river. Mr. Smeaton's bridge, in 1777, 'was built upon Batirs d'eaux and cassons : while building, its piers were washed away by the flood of 1778, but being rebuilt, the structure was finished in 1781. It consisted of nine arches, but during a flood and hurricane, the whole was demolished on the 10th March, 1782. Notwithstanding all these misfortunes, a fourth attempt was made by Mr. Mjdne, and, as above stated, the present structure was erected under his superintendence. At the junction of the Cowgarth and Cockshaw burns, in the ward of Gilli- gate, where the passage was often very difficult, a two arched bridge has been erected, wdiich proves a source of great convenience to the inhabitants. The principal proprietors in this township are W. B. Beaumont, Esq., James Kirsopp, Esq., and James D. Bell, Esq. The land here is chiefly held by freehold and copyhold tenure. Hexham, an ancient market-town in the above township, parish, and district, is situated twenty and a half miles west of Newcastle, forty east of Carlisle, by the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, and 279 N.N.W. of London. TINDALE WARD— SOUTH DIVISION. It is deliglitfully seated along the sides of a low eminence, whose sides slope down to the Tyne, and a mile below the confluence of its two great branches — North and South Tjaie. The green and partially wooded eminence, delightful roads, and numerous gardens with which it is richly ornamented, backed, as they are, by the hills to the south and west, tend not a little to en- hance the fertile and salubrious aspect which prevails in this neighbourhood, and well contrasts with, and enlivens the time-worn red and dingy aspect of the ancient town, wdth its magnificent old abbey church, or cathedral, towering above its highest houses. Hexham, like the majority of ancient towns, is very irregularly built, and the streets, with the exception of the principal ones, are narrow and confined. Priestpopple, the Battle Hill, and Hencotes, form one long street, on the south side of the town along the New- castle and Carlisle Road, which was an important thoroughfare till the opening of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, in 1838, since which time its traffic has considerably diminished. The Skinnerbum, anciently Bondgate, extends from the Battle Hill southw^ards, towards the Fell. Several narrow streets run into the market-place, which is of an irregular form, having the butter and poultry market on the south side, with piazzas in front, and, on the back part, stalls for butchers. At one end is a "pant," or reservoir, supplied with water by pipes, which are brought from about a quarter of a mile south of the town. Water, of a very superior quality, is also procured from a well on the west side of the Seal. There is, in the market-place, an ancient stone structure, formerly used as the town-hall of the bishops and priors of Hexham, and now used as the session-house. The north-west angle of the market-place opens from Gilligate, or St Giles'-street, which descends into the suburb of Cockshaw. This suburb is divided into several narrow streets, and is intersected by a burn, adjoining which are numerous tanneries and glove manufactories. The north-east angle of the market-place opens into a short street, called the Bull Bank, which is connected with Gilligate, by the Pudding-chare. In these three last mentioned streets are some of the most ancient houses in Hexham. The archway of the Court House leads into a small street called the Hall Garth, which terminates on a terrace, commanding a fine view of the river Tyne. Here are situated a strong ancient tower and the Grammar School. On the west side of the market-place is another gateway opening into the churchyard and the Seal. Hexlaam overlooks the course of the brooks Hextol and Halgut, at their junction with the Tyne. Hence have been imposed the various names of Hutoldesham, Hestoldesham, and Hextoldesham, Hagulstad, Hangastad, and Halgutstad. Richard of Hexham, in the place of Hextol, uses the Danish word Hestild ; all the other variations of the name preserve one uniform and simple meaning, which, in the pictorial language of our Saxon ancestors, accurately describes the characteristic of the little river, i.e. Height of Source. The common Saxon termination signifies a town or village. Hextol, therefore, seems to have given its name to the neighbourhood of the Church of Hexham, while the other rivulet appears to have derived its denomination from the Church itself, for Hangustald, Hagustald, and Halgutstad^ all imply the THE TOWN OF HEXHAM. 8^6 quality of holiness or sanctity, the latter in particular seems a direct con' traction of the compound Halig-gut-stede, the seat or building on the holy gut, canal, or stream, and Haga, though it signifies a house in general, is yet, in its restricted application, a monastery, church, or house of holiness. The Saxon origin of these names is apparent. Camden and the etymologists who have derived the name from the Roman Axelodunum, and in consequence have fixed upon Hexham as the site of that station, have been refuted by the learned Mr. Horsley, who has clearly shown that Brough, in Westmore- land, and not Hexham, was the Roman Axelodunum. It seems to be a matter of doubt wdiether Hexham owes its origin to the ancient Britons or to their conquerors, the Romans, but in either case there is every reason to believe thatit was occupied by the latter after the subjugation of the former. On the departure of the imperial legions to defend the " Eternal City"' from the attacks of the barbarians, the inherent valour and acquired dependance of the Britons made them alternately the vanquishers of their foes and the slaves of their friends, and after numerous vicissitudes, we„find the Northumbrian sceptre swayed by a Sax-on king over a Saxon people. The darkness of ignorance and the gloom of pagan superstition w^ere dispelled by the morning light of the gospel. Edwin, the king, had been baptised by Paulinus, the Roman missionary, the church of St. Peter had been founded at York, and the people of Deira gloried in the Christian name. Encouraged by the example of the samted Oswald, and convinced by the preaching of Aidan, the bishop, the Berniciaus received the faith, and the w^hole of the north was Christian. A second church had been erected at Lindisfarne, and the third Northumbrian church was that of Hexham. The episcopal dignity, splendour, and celebrity of Hexham, were derived from St. Wilfrid, who was a Northumbrian by birth, and educated at the monastery of Lindisfarne. Having completed his studies he travelled for improvement. On his return to his native country he was chosen to succeed Tuda in the see of York, and was sent into France to be consecrated by his friend Agilberct, Bishop of Paris. Richard of Hexham informs us that Wil- frid remained so long in France, that some persons, envious of his preferment, persuaded the king that he had accepted a foreign bishopric. This informa- tion so enraged Oswio, the king, that he caused Ceadda, abbot of Lestingacy, to be consecrated bishop of the see of York, and Wilfrid at his return, finding Ceadda in possession of the episcopal dignity, retired peacefully to his mo- nastery at Ripon. But Theodore of Canterbury restored Wilfrid, and transla- ted Ceadda to Lichfield. Oswio acquiesced in the decision of the primate, and the bishop enjoyed for several years his friendship and that of his suc- cessor Egfrid. Egfrid had married Edilthryda, the daughter of Anna, king of the East Angles, and widow of Tondberct, ealdorman of the Girvii. This princess, as a mark of her piety and favour for Wilfrid, granted the territory of Hexhamshire to the church of St. Andrew, wdiich he had founded. At an early peiiod in life Edilthryda had bound herself by a vow of virginity, which was respected by the piety or indifference of her husband. At his death she was demanded by Oswio for his son Egfrid, a youth of only fourteen years, 826 TINDALE WARD— SOTjTH DIVISION. and in spite of her remonstrances -svas conducted by lier relations to the court of Northumbria. She persisted in her former resolution, and Egfrid when he ascended the throne, referred the matter to the decision of Wilfrid, having previously offered him a valuable present if he could prevail on Edilthryda to renounce her early vow. The prelate, however, disappointed his hopes, the princess took the veil at Coldingham, and the friendship between Y/ilfrid and Egfrid was considerabl}^ impaired. The king now married Ermenburga, a princess, the \dolence of whose character excited the discontent of the people, and the remonstrances of the bishop. The freedom of his admonitions morti- fied her pride, and she found in her husband the willing minister of her vengeance. In the exercise of his authority Archbishop Theodore was always severe, occasionally despotic. He had already deposed three of the Saxon prelates, and Wilfrid was destined to experience the same fate. At the solicitation of Egfrid and Ermenburga, he came to Northumbria, and by his own autho- rity, without the concurrence, without even the knowledge of Wilfrid, he divided the extensive diocese of York into three portions, and consecrated three new prelates, one for Bemicia, a second for Deira, and a third for the Liudiswaras. But Wilfrid did not submit in silence. He complained that he had been deprived without notice or accusation, and, with the a,dvice of his episcopal brethren, appealed to the equity of the sovereign pontiff. But the anxiety of Theodore to pre-occupy the ear of the pope, was more expedi- tious than the diligence of the deposed bishop, who, by the inclemency of the season, was detained in Friesland, and spent the winter in preaching to the pagans the truths of the gospel. With the return of spring he pursued his journey, and on his arrival at Rome, was informed that his pretensions had been ah^eady notified and opposed by the monk C^enwald, the advocate of Theodore. After a patient hearing, Pope Agatho decided that Wilfrid should be restored to his former bishopric, but that he should select three proper persons out of his own clergy, should consecrate them bishops, and divide among them the more distant portions of his diocese. A copy of this decision was delivered to Wilfrid, who remained some months in Eome, assisted with one hundred and twenty-fi.ve bishops at a council which was there held, sub- scribed to its decrees, and bore testimony to the faith of the Britons, Saxons, Scots, and Picts, who inhabited the northern provinces of the British Islands. Egfrid and Ermenburga had made several fruitless attempts to intercept the prelate on his journey, at his return they threw him into prison, and during nine months endeavoured by the alternate employment of lenity and rigour, of promises and threats, to extort a confession that the papal mandate had been procured by bribery, or falsified by his contrivance. Wearied at last \nth his constancy and harassed by the importunities of the abbess Ebba, they consented to his enlargement, but on the condition that he should bind himself by an oath never more to set his foot within the dominions of Egfrid. WiKrid retired into Mercia. From Mercia he was driven by the intrigues of his persecutors into Wessex, and from Wessex was compelled to seek an asylum among the pagans of Sussex. Eddwalch, their king, took him under THE TOWN OF HEXHAM. 827 his protection, and the exile repaid the benefit by diffusing among his subjects the doctrines of the gospel. The affairs of Hexham do not appear to have suffered during the absence of its founder. The sainted Eata filled the newly created see. He was the first bishop of Hexham, and is acknowledged to have been a man of most exemplary piety, learning, and urbanity of manners. He was succeeded by Tumbert, who being shortly afterwards deposed, St. Cuthbert was appointed to succeed him, but in regard that he chose rather to be placed over the church of Lindisfarne, in which he had lived, it was thought fit that Eata should return to the see of Hexham, for which he had been first consecrated, and that Cuthbert should take upon him the govern- ment of the church of Lindisfarne. Eata died bishop of Hexham in 685. He was succeeded by St. John of Beverley "a man both godly and learned, who was educated under Theodore of Canterbury, and called John, that is grace of God, on account of his excellence in composition and the vivacity of his genius. Heavenly philosophy from his mouth came with new charms to his hearers, and among his auditors was numbered the venerable Bede." But the banishment of Wilfrid was now hastening to its termination. Theodore, as he had been the first to inflict, was also the first to repair the injury. Before his death he condemned the injustice of his former conduct, solicited a re- conciliaton, and wrote in favour of the exiled bishop to the kings of Mercia and Northumbria. One of these letters is still extant. In it the primate urges the obedience due to the sovereign pontiff, bears testimony to the merit of Wilfrid, his innocence, his patience, and his zeal, and entreats the king to grant this last request to his friend and father ready to sink into the grave. Theodore did not live to witness the effect of his exhortations, and his death was speedily followed by that of Egfrid, who fell in battle with the Picts at Drumnetchan, and with him expired the influence of Ermenburga. Egfrid having left no issue by Ermenburga, was succeeded by Aldfrid, the reputed but illegitimate son of. Oswio, and in the second year of his reign, and the first of the episcopate of John of Beverley, Wilfrid was restored to his bishopric and possessions. During five years he again possessed the administration of his extensive diocese ; but they were years of anxiety and distress. His opponents were numerous and powerful, and though they yielded for the present, they eagerly watched for a more favourable time. The prelates w^ho had been expelled by the restoration of Wilfrid, acquired the confidence of the king ; Brithwald, the successor of Theodore, was induced to favour their cause, and the persecuted bishop was compelled to appeal a second time to the justice of Rome. He returned with a papal testimonial of his innocence, but Alfrid refused to receive him, and he sheltered himself under the protec- tion of Coenred of Mercia. Aldfrid died in 705, and in his last moments re- gretted his treatment of Wilfrid, and bequeathed to his successor the charge of doing justice to the injured prelate. A compromise, satisfactory to all parties, was effected in the course of the same year. Whatever opinion may be formed of the character of this celebrated prelate, his numerous efforts to introduce a taste for the improvements of more civilized nations, entitles, lomx to the gratitude of his countrymen. Whatever riches 83B^ - TINDALE WARD— SOUTH- DIYI3T0N. he acquired, were devoted to the huiiding and adorning of his churches and monasteries, for which purpose he employed the most skilful artists which Europe then produced. The abbey and church of St. Andrew, at Hexham, were the most admired of all his works. The height and length of the walls, the beautiful polish of the stone, the number of the columns and porticoes, and the spiral windings, which led to the top of each tower, have exercised the descriptive powers of Eddius, who, after two journies to the tombs of the apostles, boldly declared that there existed not, on this side the Alps, a church to be compared to that of Hexham. He also built three other churches, of which there are no remains nov/ visible. One was dedicated to St. Mary, and occupied the place now called St. Mary's Chare ; parts of its foundation were brought to light in digging and raising buildings upon it. The other was dedicated to St. Peter, and its position is not known. The third was his predecessor's favourite retreat, the oratory of St. Michael the archangel, which was situated about a mile and half from the church of Hexham, at the place now called Nether Warden. Many other churches and numerous public works distinguished his life, and if the supposition of his lowly origin be well founded, and the elevation and celebrity to which he attained be considered, he must appear one of the most extraordinary characters that ever occupied the page of history. He died ab his monastery of Oundle, in Northampton- shire, and was buried in the church of St. Peter at Eipon. Wilfrid was succeeded in the diocese of Hexham by his countryman and chaplain the venerable Acca, who had attended him in his v>^orst fortunes, and was with him at Rome, where he learned to chant and sing well in the Eoman choir, and at his return was one of the best voices, the most musical and graceful, in the church of Hexham. On his elevation to the bishopric he employed all the powers of his mind, and expended all his resources in the ornamenting of his church. He procured from all parts the relics of the blessed apostles and martyrs, erected altars in distinct chapels within the walls of his church, and lastly collected at an enormous expense a noble and ample library, Bede loved him most dearly, dedicated many of his compo- sitions to him, and gave him all the marks of respect and esteem in his power. How deserving soever he was of it, he had enemies, who succeeded in driving him from his bishopric after he had held it with honour and dignity for twenty- four years. After an absence of eight years, he returned, and in the month of November 740, " his sphit passed to the angels, and his body rested on the east of his church of Hexham." His remains were subsequently transla- ted to Durham. Of the three succeeding bishops of Hexham, Fridbert, Alcmund, and Tilbert, little more is related than the dates of their succession, the period of their episcopate, and the times of their decease. Fridbert succeeded Acca, in 736, and after having held the bishopric for thirty- one years, he died, and Alcmund became the possessor of the see, which he governed for fourteen years, and was succeeded by Tilbert, who was consecrated in 781. He died in 789, and was buried in his cathedral church of Hexham. Ethel- bert, bishop of Whitherin, succeeded, and after governing the bishopric THE TOWN OF HEXHAM, 839 for eight years, died at Barton, and was buried in the cliiirch at Hexham. Eadred vras chosen his successor, and consecrated at Woodford by Eadbald, archbishop of York, and Higbald, bishop of Lindisfarne, in 797. He enjoyed the see but three years. Eadbert, or Osbert, was consecrated bishop of Hexham, at Ethingham, in 800, and, according to the Saxon annals, found in the Cottonian Library,' died in 808. Tydferth the last bishop of Hexham succeeded. After holding the see for about fifteen years, he died, while on a journey to Kome, having been compelled to abandon his diocese by the cruel ravages of the Danes. Thus ended the first episcopacy of Hexham. In our own times we have seen this diocese again revived by Pope Pius IX. in his rescript bearing date the 24th September, 1850, the circumstances attending which are still fresh in the memory of our readers. Up to the time of the Danish invasions, and as long as the succession to the see of Hexham was unbroken, the history of the place is as well under- stood, as it is possible for it to be, after the lapse of so many centuries. But on the abandonment of the episcopal chair by its last possessor, it appears that Eardulf of Lindisfarne, administered the affairs of the see of Hexham, which at length, as if by common consent, became united to the diocese of Lindisfarne. This union still continued when the latter see was transferred to Chester-le-street, and also at its final establishment at Durham, whose bishop retained possession of Hexham till the reign of Henry I,, who being offended with Bishop Flambard, transferred it to the see of York, together with the jurisdiction over the county of Cumberland, which before belonged to the see of Hexham. The fall of the bishopric of Hexham was soon followed by the ruin of its monastery. Of the fate of the monks we must be content to remain in igno- mnce ; it is but too probable that they fell victims to the savage fury of the Danish invaders. Thomas, Archbishop of York, on his visit to Hexham, in 1112, being moved with the desolation of the church, and the recollection of its former grandeur and magnificence, together with the dreadful devastation which had laid waste the munificent gifts and works of piety of so many learned and religious men, constituted here a priory of regular canons of St. Augustine, and settled upon it an ample endowment. In addition to other very liberal gifts,- he gave it the cathedral and all its privileges, all the tithes within the manor and parish of Hexham, both great and small, and appointed Aschetill of Huntingdon its first prior. The priory was finished about the year 1114, when Thurston, its patron and protector, succeeded to the see of York. In 1119, the king of Scots besieged Prudhoe Castle, and A^sited Hexham. In 1133, the papal legate on his way to Carlisle, was reverently received by the monks of Hexham, who represented to him that three of their men had been killed, and two of their villages, Errington and Dissington, ravaged by Edgar, son of Earl Cospatric. The legate remonstrated with the Scottisid monarch, who made satisfaction to the church of Hexham, restored all the prisoners, and engaged that his armies never again should violate sanctuaries, 830 TINDALE WAftD— SOUTH DIVISION. nor murder women and children; but in ]138, his followers again broke into the sanctuary, and defiled the sacred places. In the year 1296, during an inroad of the Scots, the priory was burned down by these invaders ; the nave of St. Andrew's Church suffered the same fate, and has never been restored. In the following year the Scots again invaded England. On their reaching Hexham, the monastery of which had been plundered during their - advance, the following singular scene is said by Heningford to have occurred. Three monks, all who had the courage to remain, were observed in a small chapel. Thinking the danger was over, they had forsaken their hiding places, and were endeavouring to repair the damages of the late visitation, when in the midst of their labours, they discovered the Scottish army, and fled in dismay to the oratory. The soldiers, however, with their long spears, were soon among them, and brandishing their weapons, commanded them, at their peril, to give up the treasures of the monastery. "Alas!" said one of the monks, " it is but a short time since you yourselves have seized our whole property, and you know best where it now is." At this juncture Wallace entered, and commanding his soldiers to be silent, requested one of the monks to celebrate mass : he obeyed, and the Scottish Guardian and his attendants assisted at the service with becoming reverence. When the consecration was about to take place, Wallace retired for a moment to lay aside his helmet and arms. Instantly the avarice and ferocity of the soldiers broke out. They pressed upon the priest, snatched the chalice from the high altar, tore away the ornaments and sacred vestments, and stole even the missal which the priest was using. ^Vhen their leader returned he found the priest in fear and horror at the sacrilege. Wallace, indignant at such conduct, gave orders that the villains should be searched for, and put to death, and in the meantime took the monks under his own special protection. As some atonement for the outrage committed, the Guardian granted to the monks of Hexham, a charter of protection for twelve months. In 1346, Robert Bruce, king of Scotland, entered Northumberland, at the head of a powerful army, and after burning Hexham and Corbridge, marched into Durham ; his army w^as soon afterwards defeated at Neville's Cross. The Battle of Hexham Levels, which for some time decided the important contest of the rival roses, was a remarkable event connected with the history of this interesting town. Henry VI., his Queen, Prince Edw^ard, and the French nobles, who had been sent to his assistance by the king of France, marched, with the northern lords of their party, from Alnwick, about Whitsun- tide. The command of the Lancastrian troops was confided to the Earl of Somerset, and the army was composed of French, Scottish, and Northumbrian soldiers, scarcely one of whom had not already fought or suffered for the cause they now came to defend. The Lancastrians encamped near the Lin- nels, on the south bank of the Devil Water, and awaited the advance of their enemies. King Edward was at York, but the Lord Montague, commander of the followers of the white rose, was in Northumberland, and had already conquered the Lancastrians at the battle of Hedgeley Moor. Montague fol- lowing up his advantage, immediately marched towards Hexha^m-ioiitHeMthiui THE TOWN OF HEXHAM. 8b. of May, the armies engaged, and after a short but sanguinary battle, victory declared for the army of Edward. Henry owed his safety to the fleetness of his steed, and the queen and prince escaped into the adjoining forest. The rocky banks of the Devil Water, and the recesses of Hexham Forest, were the retreat of a band of ruffians, who, untouched with pity for her sex and situation, seized the queen, stripped her of her jewels, and would have pro- ceeded to greater indignities, had not a fortunate quarrel about the division of theu' spoil, afforded the queen an opportunity of escape. Night and the forest sheltered her from pursuit ; but a robber crossed her path, when Mai'garet assuming an air of confidence £nd authority, announced her rank, and entrusted him with the defence of his prince. The outlaw instantly accepted the trust reposed in him, and conducted her to a wretched but secure asylum, which is still known by the name of the " Queen's Cave," Shortly afterwards, Margaret escaped to Scotland and thence to France. The Duke of Somerset was taken and beheaded^at Hexham, where he was buried. Those who escaped from the battle endured accumulated evils ; the Duke of Exeter became an exile in Burgundy, where he was seen bare-legged, begging his bread from door to door for God's sake. Nothing important distinguished Hexham from the time of this battle to the period of the Eeformation, when the inhabitants of this town and neigh- bourhood continued to adhere with the greatest firmness to the ancient faith, and the suiTenders which were extorted from the monasteries, excited in them unbounded indignation. The monks in Hexham priory, who were under twenty-four years of age, were turned out, and the elder brethren were allowed forty shillings a year, and a gown. But the ejected monks of this and other monasteries were repossessed of their houses at the time of the insurrection in 1536, called the "Pilgrimage of Grace." The triumph of the insurgents in this bold enterprise was, however, of short duration. Eobert Aske, their leader, was executed at York, Sir George Lumley and Sir Thomas Percy, suffered at Tyburn, Sir John Bulmer soon after, and Lady Bulmer was burnt for rebellion at Smithfield, Jay, the prior of Hexham, was dragged from his monastery, and hanged at its gate. The revenues of Hexham priory, at the Dissolution, were valued by Dugdale at £122 lis. Id. per annum; but accord- ing to Speed, at £138 Is. 9d. Its site, and some lands, were granted to Sir Eeginald Camaby. The inhabitants of Hexham were staunch loyalists during the civil wars ; and their attachment to the house of Stuart was conspicuous during the "risings" of 1715 and 1745. At the latter period. General Wade encamped at Kingshaw Green to repress the efforts of the discontented, and to improve the communication between Newcastle and Carlisle. The direful commotion, called Hexham Riot, occurred here on the 9th March, 1761, in consequence of the newly established regulations for raising the mihtia. At this time the militia in the northern counties had served the term of three years prescribed by law, so that it became necessary to ballot for a succession of men, and the authorities assembled at Hexham for that purpose. The people, particularly a large body of miners, being determined jS- TINDALE ward — SOUTH DIVISION. to oppose this regulation, as an insuperable grievance, assembled in consider- able numbers, of both sexes, and of all ages, some of them being armed with clubs and others with fire-arms. The magistrates, apprehensive of some disturbance, had procured the North York Militia for thek guard, and these were drawn up in the Market Place. This military array provoked the populace, who insulted the soldiers with reproaches ; and not content with this, proceeded to blows, which for some time the soldiers sustained with all the temperance of perfect discipline. The riot act was read, and the people were exhorted to disperse. Encouraged by the forbearance of the militia, and possessed with a notion that they w^ould not commit hostilities, they proceeded from one outrage to another, seized the weapons of the soldiers, and shot an officer at the head of his company, whilst he was remonstrating with the in- furiated mob, A private soldier was also shot at the same instant. The reluctant magistrates now gave an order to fire, when the exasperated soldiers poured in upon the crowd a regular volley, by which forty-five of the populace were killed upon the spot, and three hundred desperately wounded. The survivors immediately fled. The most lamentable part of this sad disaster was that some unhappy women and children, drawn thither by curiosity, or the more praiseworthy motive of persuading their husbands, parents, or relations, to retire, perished in the undistinguished vengeance of that day. CHURCHES, CHAPELS, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, &c. The Cathedeal, oe Abbey Chuech, is the great ornament and boast of the town. The circumstances which led to its erection have been akeady placed before our readers, and it only remains for us to notice the building in its present state, which, we regret to say, oui' limited space precludes us from doing in that full and complete manner, w^hich so interesting and magnificent a remnant of the grandeur and glory of past ages merits. It is said to form a very text book of the early English period of Gothic architecture, and com- prises every distinctive feature that marks the style, combining a simplicity and grandeur of effect not excelled by any other edifice in the kingdom. It is a cruciform structure, consisting originally of nave and aisles, transepts, choir and aisles, and central tower. This latter contains a fine peal of eight bells, which are much celebrated for the sweetness and mellowness of their tone. The extreme dimensions of the church from east to west, were, previous to the destruction of the nave, 260 feet, and from north to_south in the transept, 157 feet. The choir is 100 feet in length from the rood-screen to the east window, and the tower measures 100 feet to the battlements by which it is surrounded. The external appearance is venerably plain ; the long triple lancet lights, the plain, flat buttresses of tv>^o or three stages, the octagonal pointed pinnacle and plain parapet, and the high pitched roof, are all indica- tions of that marked style of which this building is such a pure example. The buildings of the monastery have been arranged like those of the other conventual edifices of the same period. The cloisters still remain an open space on the west side of the south transept, between the church and the THE TOWN Off HEXHAM. - 835 abbey ; and the fine abbey gate, with its open porch, claims a date coeval with the church. On entering the building by the north door, the stranger will immediately notice the effect of the noble arches which support the tower, and form the division of the cross. Each angle originally contained ten tall, equal shafts, crowned by a plain bold capital, the apex of the arch rising nearly to the height of the body of the church. The arches that divide the centre from the side aisles are beautifully proportioned, with graceful capitals, and elabo- rate bases : over these rises the matchless triforium, with its throng of slender shafts side by side around the pier. The triforium is surmounted by the lofty and elegant clerestory, which contains a concealed gallery, running round the upper part of the church, the whole forming a combination of pro- portion and beauty seldom surpassed. A fine arcade of trefoil headed arches, whose spandrels have been filled with beautifully interlaced foliage, runs along the north and east walls of the side aisle of the north transept. The double column vv^hich divided the eastern wall into three small chapels, is still visible. The ancient font which formerly stood in the choir, now stands in the side aisle of the south transept. There are three stone staircases in this part of the church, two of them are of a spiral construction. One placed in the west angle of the north transept, leads up to the gallery in the clerestory, the other in the south transept leads to the belfry. A broad, plain, open stair at the south end of the church leads to' "a platform, v/here there is a door communicating with the chapter house, and covers a vaulted passage, leading from the cloisters to the south side of the choir. The remains of the chapter house are situated south of this passage. It is upvfards of thirty feet square, surrounded on all sides by fine acute pointed arches, which are supported by pillars, whose bases are hidden below the present floor. In the side aisle of the north transept are three recumbent figures of early date. One of these efiigies is said to represent Eichard de Umfraville, a benefactor to this church, who died in 1227. Another knight, represented in armour, is supposed to be Galfred de Ay don, and close by this monument lies an effigy of a " veiled nun," whose name is unknown. There is also in this transept, an elaborate mural tablet, erected by John Fenwick, Esq., of Newcastle, to the memory of his father, the late Edward Fenwick, a native of Hexham, and a descendant of the ancient family of Fenwick, of Fenwick Tower and Wallington. On the floor here is a collection of flat sepulchral slabs, some with crosses, and others v^^ith the remains of inscriptions. The choir is separated from the transepts by the rood-screen, a very rich and elaborate piece of workmanship, in the decorated style. It is in two parts, the lovfer of which is divided by carved w^ork into five arches, the centre one being the entrance into the choir, and the others being elaborately painted to represent Gothic lights of intricate composition, beneath which are numerous niches, and in each of them a figure vested in pontifical habits and bearing the ensigns of ecclesiastical authority. On the remainder of this curious screen, above the arch, is a remnant of the antique painting, commonly called "Death's Dance." It is a representation of the po-wer of death over 834 tindALe wabd— south division. all mankind, none of whom, whatever may be their rank or station, ar6 exempt from its influence. A remarkable part of the screen is a large orna- mented hollow moulding which bears an inscription in ligature letters, running thus — " Orate pro Auima Domini ThomaB S. Pater Ecclesiae qui fecit hoc opus," alluding to Thomas II., archbishop of York, who restored the church. Above the screen are placed two large compartments of canopied panels, containing representations of seven of the Saxon bishopS; who filled the see of Hexham. The figares are four feet nine inches in height, their names running along the base of the panel, beginning' with Eata, Tumbert, John, Acca, Fiidbert, Alcmund, and Wilfrid. The colours ai'e veiy fresh, and the back ground richly diapered. The choir, now used as the parish church, is entered by passing beneath the organ and singers' gallery, which are situated behind the rood- screen. It consists of an aisle divided into three ; the centre one havuig a lofty roof supported by large blocks of oak, forming low, sharp-pointed arches : the side aisles are nearly twelve feet broad, the walls ten feet thick, the roof low, and formed of stone, by a series of intersecting arches springing from columns which separate the chancel from the side aisles. The walls of the centre aisle are composed of a series of inter-columniations, shaft over shaft and arch over arch. There is a peculiarity in the clerestory here, the columns of the arches being crutched or stilted, and differing from those in the transept. The square abacus to the capitals, the transitional volute, and the serrated label running around the ground arches on the south side, are admitted by most antiquarians to be lingering Norman-transition features, joined to a fairer contour of the mouldings. All agree that the choir is the earliest part of the church. The great east window is spacious and well executed, and previous to the destruction of its painted glass was probably very beautiful. Near the south side of the altar is a beautiful gallery of carved oak, under which are the three stalls highly ornamented with tabernacle work, which formerly seiwed as seats for the bishop and his attendants dming the celebration of mass. On the north side of the altar is a beautiful oratory or shrine, painted like the rood-screen, and richly ornamented with carved figures and ornaments. The base is of curious sculptured stone, adorned \Yith grotesque figures of St. George, the Fox preaching to the Goose, the Thumb Screw, the Night Mare, &c. Within stands a stone altar, and above are three panels, with paint- ings of St. Peter, St. Andrew, and St. Paul. There is also a painting of the Crucifixion, which is now nearly obliterated. The roof contains a few bosses, on the centre one is earned an angel bearing a shield, charged with a cross formed by the two letters Pt. C. In a niche below the altar-slab, an Ape is seated ha^dng taken possession of the sanctuary, shutting out the weary pil- grim, as he appears by the appropriate costume of cockle-shell in front of the cap, with scrip and staff. Opposite the Ape is a Hare, denoting that secmity must be gained by flight from our enemies. At the back of the shrine is the celebrated Fridstool, to which offenders used to flee for sanctuaiy. It is a stone chair ornamented with some ancient carding. This ancient church, like many others in the land, possessed the privilege of sanctuary, the limits of which THE TOWN OF HEXHAM. 835 were marked by four crosses placed at a certain distance from the church, in the direction of the four cardinal points, and any attempt to arrest the fugitive once he came within the boundaries marked by the crosses, was finable by the church, according to the nearness of the approach to the seat of refuge ; but if the pursuers dared to take the offender from the Fridstool, the offence was inexpiable. Under the organ of the church, are the ancient stalls of tbe monks, formed of curiously carved oak. Each seat forms a chair with arms, and the bottom is so constructed as to be occasionally turned up, when the underside displays a curious carving of some quaint design ; the benches in front terminating with poppy heads, were taken away on repewing the church. The rest of the choir is filled with what has not unhappily been designated "pew lumber," which greatly dishonours this venerable pile. At the east end of the chancel stands the Lady Chapel, in a very dilapidated state. It is in the style of architecture prevalent in the early part of the fourteenth century, and w^as for many ages used as a school. It is much to be regretted that some measures have not been taken to restore this interesting relic of an- tiquity, or at least, to save it from utter destruction. Beneath the church are several crypts and vaulted passages, abounding with fragments of sculptured stones, cornices, mouldings, and inscriptions, w-hich Mr. Gale supposes to have been brought from the Roman station, at Corbridge. Several repairs and improvements were effected in this church, in 1831, by W. B. Beaumont, Esq., who also removed many of the old houses about the chapter-house, and it is purposed to remove the wretched and unsightly buildings which are set up against the wall of this noble and ancient edifice, as soon as they can be pur- chased. The Abbey, formerly the seat and still the property of the Beaumonts, occupies the site of the ancient monastery, and is separated from the church, on the west side, by the space on which the cloisters were built. The west front over- looksthe Seal. The livingof the parishisaperpetual curacy, formerly inthejuris- diction of the archbishop of York, but now in the diocese of Durham, arch- deaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Hexham. It is rated at £13 6s. 8d., returned at £113 ; gross income £139. Patron, W. B. Beaumont, Esq. ; in- cumbent, the Rev. Joseph Hudson, M.A. The parish register commences in 1655. St. Maey's (Catholtc) Church is pleasantly situated at the top of Battle Hill, and was erected in 1830, at a cost of £2,500, principally defrayed by subscriptions, collected by the unwearied exertions of the Rev. Michael Single- ton, the present priest, who was also the architect of the edifice. It is a beautiful structure, in the style of architecture which prevailed during the four- teenth century. The window over the altar is filled with stained glass, and elegant tracery. For many years previous to the erection of this church, there were two Catholic places of worship in Hexham, one in Cockshaw, and the other in Hencotes. Recurring to a period antecedent to the building of the two older Catholic chapels, we find that, in more intolerant times, the people met for worship in a house, the second from the foot of the Holy Island, and* at a still remoter era, they worshipped in a little thatched cottage, near the Ladle-well, in Cockshaw-loaniiig, belonging to a branch of the Leadbitter family. 3 E 3 83^ TINDALE WARD— SOUTH DIVISION. The Independent Chapel, at the head of Broadgates, was erected in 1790, at a cost of upwards of £500. Rev. John Ward, minister. The Presbyterian Church, Hencotes, was built in 18S5, at a cost of £1,309, and is a commodious stone edifice, possessing about 500 sittings. Rev. Joseph Gordon, minister. The United Presbyterian Church is a neat stone building situate in Gilligate. Rev. Alexander Henderson, minister. The Wesletan Methodist Chapel, a good stone building, situated in Gilligate, was erected in 1789, and has since undergone several altera- tions and improvements. The Primitive Methodists have also a small place of worship at Bull Bank. Hexha:^! Free Grammar Shool, situated in Hall-garth, was founded hj letters patent of Queen Ehzabeth, in 1599, and regulated by a decree of the High Court of Chancery, in 1827. By the deed of foundation the master is required "to be well skilled in the Greek and Latin tongues, and a professor of true rehgion." The school is considered to be open to all boys born in the parish, for instruction in Latin, writing, accounts, and mathematics, at the limited payment of 7s. 6d. a quarter. The school is endowed with the in- terest of £370, and £'2 19s. 2d. rent, the total income being £22 per annum, besides a house and garden for the teacher, the Rev. James Urwin. St. Mary's (Catholic) School, is situated at Battle Hill, and is a neat stone building, erected by subsciiption, in 1832, at a cost of £400. Hugh Callan, and Mary Smith, teachers. The Subscription School (Boys), Sldmierisburn, was erected in 1813, at an expense of £350, half of which sum was contributed by the lord and lady of the manor, and the residue by the inhabitants. It is supported, as its name implies, by subscriptions. Robert Dickinson, teacher. The Subscription School (Girls), is held in the room beneath the AYesleyan Chapel, in Gilligate, Jane Cox, teacher. There is also a school attached to the Presbyterian Chapel, at Hencotes. The Dispensary, which affords medical and surgical aid to the poor of the town and neighbourhood, is situated in Back-street, and ranks as the most beneficial charity in Hexham. It was established in 1816, under the patro- nage of T. R. Beaumont, Esq., and about 250 persons are admitted to its benefits every year. James Kirsopp, Esq., is treasurer and secretary ; Pvobert Stokoe, Thomas Jefferson, and Nicholas Maughan, surgeons, and William Pruddah, dispensing chemist. The Gas Works are situated in Gilligate, and were established by a joint- stock company, in 1835, at a cost of £2,700. The number of shareholders is 278, at £10 per share. Trade, &g. — It was some time ago observed that "if this town enjo^'ed the benefits of inland navigation, it would, in many respects, be a favourite seat for trade, and indeed it has long been famous for its niauufactories of leather, particularly gloves, of which about 24,000 dozens of pairs are made and exported annually, giving employment to about 1,000 women and girls, and 120 men and boys. Not less than 80,000 raw skins are used here yearly, besides about 18,000 skins of dressed leather imported from various places. There are four tanneries in the town, in- which upwards of 20,000 THE TOWN OF HEXHAM. -837 calf and sheep skins and hides, are dressed every year. The making of stuff hats is another considerable branch of trade, and here are two worsted manufactories, and a variety of trades." It is to be hoped that the in- troduction of a mode of conveyance so vastly superior to iiiland navigation, as milway transport has now proved to be, has fully realized this pleasant anticipation. Immense quantities of vegetables are sent from Hexham to the Newcastle markets, and about 4,000 quarters of wheat, 1,000 quarters of barley, 2,000 quarters of oats, and 1,600 quarters of rye, have been annually sold at Hexham. A market is held here every Tuesday, when the tow^n is plentifully supphed with corn, provisions, &c., and from the end of February to Midsummer, and from October to Christmas, an extensive cattle-market is held on alteruate Tuesdays. Two annual fairs are held on the Tyne-green, near the town, on the 6th August, for cattle, lambs, &c., and on the 9th November, for horses, cattle, and swine. A tryst fair was also established, in 1824, to be held annually on the 25th March, in the Market-place, for the sale of stock. There is also a wool fair on the 2nd July. Hirings take place on the first Tuesday in March, the 12th May, and 11th November. GovEENMENT, &c. — Hcxham is not a corporate tovm, though four incorpo- rate companies, or trades, have exercised the right of monopoly in it as strictly as has been customary in towns governed by bodies corporate. These trades are weavers, tanners and shoemakers, skinners and glovers, and hatters. The civil government of the town was formerly vested in the archbishop's seneschal, but afterwards in the bailiff, who is still appointed by the lord of the manor, whose representative he is in the court over which he presides. When the regality of Hexhamshire was united to Northumberland, in the reign of Elizabeth, the powers of its baihii became very limited. A court-leet, and view of frank-pledge, a court-baron, and two courts for the recovery of debts, continued to be held periodically within the regality — the court of record for the recovery of debts to any amount, twice a year, v/ithin a month after Easter and Michaelmas, for the trial of causes, and for other purposes ; and the side-court, for the recovery of small debts four times a year, or oftener, as occasion required, before the bailiff as steward, with a jurisdiction over all Hexhamshire, and power to levy executions upon goods, and to sell them for the payment of debts and costs. At the court-baron debts under forty shillings are recoverable. The quarter sessions for Northumberland are held here annually, on the Thursday after the 24th June, in their course with Alnwick, Morpeth, and New^castle. Petty sessions, for Tindale Ward, are held at the Justice Room, on the first Tuesday in every month. The County Couet, for the recovery of debts under £50, is held here about the middle of each month, James Losh, Esq., judge, Heiiry Iiigledew, clerk, John Stokoe assistant clerk, Robert Prybus, high bailiff, Thomas Baty, assistant bailiff. The House of Coeeection for Hexham and Tindale Ward is situated in Gilligate ; it was repaired and a new wing added some years since. Hexham is a pollhag place for the Southern Division of the county of Northumberland. 838 TINDALE WARD— SOUTH DIVISION. The Hexham Poor Law Union compreliends seventy-five parishes and townships, embracing an area of 198,586 statute acres, and a population in ] 851, of 30,436 souls. The parishes and townships are Acomb (East), Acomb (West), Allendale, Anick, Anick Grange, Apperley, Ayden, Ayden Castle, Barrasford, Bearl, Bingfield, Black Carts and Rye Hill, Blanchland, Broom- haugh, Broomley, Bywell St. Andrew, Bywell St. Peter, Chollerton, Clare- wood, Cocklaw, Colwell and Swinburn, Corbridge, Dilston, Duker's Hagg, Eltringham, Espershields, Fallowfield, Fotherley High, Gunnerton and Chipchase, Hallington, Halton, Halton Shields, Haughton, Haydon, Healey, Hedley-on-the-Hill, Hedley Woodside, Hexham, High Quarter, Horsley, Humshaugh, Low Quarter, Master's Close, Mickley, Middle Quarter, Nafferton, Newbiggin, Newbrough, Newlands, Newton, Newton Hall, Oving- ham, Ovington, Portgate, Prudhoe, Prudhoe Castle, Riding, Sandhoe, Shotley Low Quarter, Simonhurn, Slaley, Spittle, Stelling, Stocksfield Hall, Styford, Thornbrough, Wall, Warden, Welton, West Quarter, Whittonstall, Whittle, Whittington Great, Whittington Little, and Wylam. The Hexham Union Workhouse is situated at the Peth Head. It is a substantial stone building, erected in 1839, and possesses sufficient accommo- dation for 264 persons. The number of inmates at present (1854) is 173. William England, master ; Mary England, matron ; Thomas Stainthorpe, surgeon; John Stokoe, clerk; Joseph Coates and Mary Ann Seymour, teachers. Worthies. — Amongst the many eminent men whose names are connected with this ancient town, we find the following distinguished individuals : — John of Hexham, who was a native of this place where he became a monk, and in the course of time rose to the rank of prior. He was celebrated .^ for his learning and eloquence, taught divinity and philosophy, wrote a i continuation of the history of Simeon of Durham, and also a " History of the Scotch Wars." Prior Richard, so often quoted in connexion with the church and mo- nastery of Hexham, the author of " Be Statu et Episcopis Hagulstadensis Ecclesiee," &c., was the pupil and successor of John. He died in 1192, and was buried in his own monastery. The Rev. George Ritschell, though a Bohemian by birth, was curate and first lecturer of Hexham church. Having left his native country, and studied at the most celebrated Dutch and German universities, he came to Oxford in 1644, where by his various works he raised himself very much in the opinion of his contemporaries. He died in 1683. John Tweddell, M.A. was born at Threap wood, near Hexham. At nine years of age he entered the school of the Rev. Matthew Raine, at Hartford, near Richmond, afterwards was a short time with Dr. Parr, and then of Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in 1788, he gained all the three medals of Sir William Brown, and in the next year two of them. In 1790, he obtained the Chancellor's medal; in 1791 and 1792, the member's prize for. senior bachelors ; and, in the latter year, entered the Middle Temple. IminK 1793, his " Prolusioues Juveniles" were published ; and in 1795, he went to HEXHAM DIEECTORY. 839 Hamburgh, and thence to Berlin and Vienna. He travelled through the whole of Switzerland, and even proceeded to Moscow, where he was introduced to Stanislaus, the last king of Poland. From St. Petersburgh he went into Sweden, and thence through Russia and the Crimea to Constantinople, and after long and exhausting travels in Greece, died at Athens, in 1799. His letters breathe forth the very spirit of the poetical temperament — keen quick perception, and lively imagination. Chaeities. — The bequests to the poor of this parish are numerous; the following table gives the date of nearly each benefaction, the name of the donor, the appropriation and annual value as abstracted from the Reports of the Commissioners for inquiring respecting Charities, printed by order of the House of Commons. Date Donors and nature of gifts. To what purposes applied. Annual value. 1634. Mabel Ord (interest) poor £5 1637. Jane Lawson (rent charge) 40 poor widows on Good Friday 2 1075. James Cresswell (rent) poor 8 1679. Mary Fenwick (rent) apprenticing poor 19 17 1680. Ursula Mountney (rent charge) poor 3 1692. John Coulson (rent charge) poor 1 1699. Ann Kadcliffe (rent charge) poor and apprenticing 20 Copyhold allotment (rent) poor 2 10 1709. M. and D. Allgood (interest) poor 4 Johnson and Forbes (rent) poor 8 Thomas Howden (rent charge) .... 20 poor widows 1 1717. Kev. George Pdtschell (rent charge) 40poor widows of Hexham town- ship Is.each on St.Thomas's day and a similar sum to as many poor women of Whitley cha- pelry 4 1748. Ann Johnson (interest) poor, on 26th of July 2 15 1764. Kobert Andrews (rent charge) poor, net receiving relief 2 10 Dixon and others (rent) minister, and poor of High and Middle Quarters 11 Almshouse (rent & interest) 6 3 Total dGlOO 16 3 HEXHAM DIRECTORY. Post Ofpice, Fore Street. — Joseph Wilkinson, postmaster. Areiv^ls. — from. Carlisle, 7-45 ; Bellingham, 9-50; London, Newcastle and Gateshead, 11-30 a.m. ; Newcastle-on-Tyne, 2-30; Haydon, Carlisle, and the West, 4; London, New- castle, Gateshead, Haydon Bridge, and Carlise, 7-50, p.m. Despatches to Haydon Bridge and Haltwhistle, II ; Newcastle-on-Tyne, 11-55, a.m. ; Carlisle, 2-20; BelUngham, 2-40; London, Gateshead, and Newcastle, 3-50; London, New- castle, Gateshead, Carlisle, &c., 7-35, p.m. (Box closes half an hour previous to each despatch.) Miscellany Consisting of the names of the Clergy, Gentry, Part- ners in Firms, and inhabitants not printed in the Trades List. Armstrong Mrs. Isabella, Hencotes Angus James, superintendent of police, Backrow BaiTow Miss Jane, Hencotes Baty John, serjeant of the manor of Hex- ham and law agent, Moot Hall ^(f TINDALE WABD— SO tJTH DIVISION. Bell Mrs. Elizabeth, Hencotes Bell Captain Williara, The Abbey Bradshaw Mrs. Jane, Hencotes Braclwell Mrs. Ann, Commercial-place Byne Mr. Charles, Bumsicle Cottage Carr Miss Isabella, Hencotes Charlton Mrs. Ann Maria, Hexham House Charlton John, Esq. Boswell House Charlton Mrs. Margaret, Battle Hill Cooke Thomas, com. agent. Hallgate Cooke Thomas, junr. com. agent, Hencotes Dixon Edward, girnmaker, Fore-street Dixon Joseph, cornmiller, Tjaie Mills Dixon Thomas, station master Dickinson Mrs. Margaret, Hencotes Dodd Charles & Co. spuit merchants, Eore-street Dodd Thomas, gentleman, Biding House Donkin Mrs. Mary, Davison's-buildings Douglas Mrs. Ann, Burnside Cottage Dryclen Mrs. Eliza, Priestpopple Elliott Mr. Thomas, Hencotes Errington Miss Isabella, St. Mary's Cottage Eairlam James, relieving officer and re- gistrar of births and deaths for Hexham district, Wentworth-place Fairless Joseph, registrar of marriages for Hexham Union, Hencotes Eell Misses Sarah & Elizabeth, Hencotes Franklin Eev. William, Hencotes French Stephen, surveyor of roads,Hencotes Fenwick Bev. Ealph, Bellman's Close Gibson Miss Eliza, Hencotes Gibson Mrs. Frances, Hencotes Gibson Jasper, deputy steward to the ma- nor of Hexham, Anick Grange, and clerk to the West Auckland and Elishaw and the Gateshead and the Hexham Turnpike Boad, Manor Office Gordon Bev. Joseph (Presbyterian), Mar- ket-street Grant Mrs. Elizabeth, Wentworth -place Gibson Mrs. Thomas, High Shield Hair Mrs. Mary, Believue, Causey Hill Halliday John, steward. Back-street Hart Jane, dyer, Gilligate Hays Henry, gentleman, Hencotes Head Charles, banker, Haekwood House Head John Oswald, solicitor (C. Head and Son); ho. Maiden Cross Hedley William, accountant, Sun Inn Yard, Fore-street ; ho. Quatre Bras Henderson Bev. Alexander, Middle Leazes Holliday John, steward. Back-street Hudson Bev. Joseph, Abbey Jeiferson Mrs. Jane, Hencotes King Mrs, Ann, Prospect House Kirsopp Mrs. Eliza, Battle Hill Lee Mrs. — ■■ Commercial-place Middleton Mr. William, Hencotes Mitford Miss Mary, Hencotes Marshall George, Esq. Halliwell Dean Murton Joseph, collector of rates and taxes, Quartre Bras Nicholson William, pawnbroker, Market- place Oliver John, spirit merchant. Market-street Oliver John, sexton. Long-yard Oliver Bobt. plasterer, Hencotes Parker Miss Elizabeth, Quartre Bras Pattinson, Davison, & Spencer, ironfound- ers, engineers, and millwrights, Cock- shavyf Pratt Mr. Thomas, Commercial-place Price William, nailmaker, Hallgate Bitson Jacob, gentleman, Gauseyhill Grange Bobson Miss Mary, Portland Cottage Eussell Mrs. Frances, Quartre Bras Scott Mrs. Marion, Quartre Bras Scott Bobert, gentleman, Hencotes Shaftoe Miss Carohne l^Iatilda, Hencotes Shiells Mrs. Elizabeth, Broadway House Singleton Bev. Michael, M.A. (Catholic) Battle Hill Stainthorpe Mrs. Elizabeth, Bankhead Stephenson George, superintendent police officer for Tiudale Ward, Battle HHl Surtees William, builder, Gilligate Swan Mrs. Mary, Cockshaw Swinburn William, bird & animal preserver. Back-street Temperley Mrs. Mary Ann, Temperley- place Thirlwell Sarah, Temperance House, Com- m-ercial-place Thomas Edward, superintendent of inland revenue. Low Shield Turnbull Mr. James, Orchard-place Turner Jonathan, clerk, Hencotes Turner William, clerk & organist, Hencotes Waddilove Eev. W. J. D. Beacon Grange Walker Wylaw, firebrick maker. Orchard House Walton Mr. George, Bellman's Close Ward Bev. John (In dependent), Low Leazes Watts Mr. James, Causey Hill Wear and Brown, timber merchants, Priest- popple Waters Mr. Wilham, Quarti'e Bras Wells Mrs. Ehzabeth, Hallgate White Mrs. Betty, Hencotes White&Bell,lemonadeandsoda-watermami- facturers. Battle Hill Wilkinson Mrs. Hannah, Priestpopple HEXHAM CLASSIFIEI> DIEEOTORY. 8-41 Wilkinson Joseph, postmaster, Fore-sti'eet Williams James, tea dealer, Quatre Bras Wills :\[iss Elizabeth, Hallgate Wiltliew Thomas, secretary to the gas com- pany, and inspector of weights and mea- sm-es for Tindale Ward, and assistant overseer, Cockshaw Williams Henry French, supervisor of in- land revenue, Low Shield Wood Thomas, clothes dealer. Bull-bank Yv'rangham Miss Mary, Market-place Younger Thomas, excise officer. Bellman's Close CLASSIFICATION OF TRADES AND PROFESSIONS. Academies and Schools Armstrong Eliza, Hall Style Cottage Campbell Dorothea, Quatre Bras - Douglas Janet, Hen cotes Grammar, Hallgarth Kev. Jaraes XJruia. master Moncrieff J.S.OrchardHouse Spencer Mary and Eebecca, Quatre Bras St. Mary's (Catholic), Bat- tle-hill, Hugh Callan and Mary Smith, teachers SuBSCEiPTiOJS" (Boys), Skin- ner's-burn, Kobert Dickin- son, master SUBSCEIPTION (GlKLS), GilH- gate, Jane Cox, mistress Thompson Jane & Elizabeth, Hudshaw Auctioneers aad Appraisers Blake Wm. Priestpopple Stainthorpe Yv'illiara, and sheriff's officer, Back- row Wilson William, Hallgate Bakers Carr William, Market-street Ferguson John, Market-pl Lishman Thomas, Battle-hill Y/ear Nathnl. Battle-hill Wood Thomas, Bull-bank Bankers Head Charles, Meal-market, draw on Masterman & Co London, and Joseph M. Head & Co. Carlisle Lambton W. H. & Co, Fore- street, draw on Barclay, Bevan, Tritton and Co. London, J. D. Bell, agent Northumberland and Dur- ham District Bank, draw on Glynn & Co. London, Jasper Gibson, manager, Manor OfiB,ce Basket Makers and Dealers Scott John, Fore-street Varley John, Bull-bank Booksellers and Stationers Cooke William, Fore-street; ho. Hencotes Pruddah Edward, Market- place ; ho. Hencotes Boot and Shoemakers Avery John, Gilligate Addison Matthew, Battle-hill Ellerington Jno. Tyne-green Emerson John, Back-street Forster Thos. Priestpopple Gibson John, clog, Market pi Jackson John, Meal Market Jackson William, Back-street Johnston Wm. Quatre Bras Lyon David, Market-street Lamb John, clog, Back-street McConnal Peter, Back-street Oliver John, clog, Gilligate Oxley George, Back-street Piidley John, Fore-street Robinson George, Gilligate Shotton Thomas, Fure-street Spencer Alexander, Gilligate Spoor Matthew, Battle hill Toppin John, Fore-street Bre's^ers and Malsters Armstrong Jno. Priestpopple Pearson Thos, Priestpopple Butchers Benson Christphr. Back-row Charlton John, CattleMarket Coulson Matthew, Market-st Dobson Alice, Market-place Dodd James, Gilligate Dodd Thomas, Hallgate Hedley John, Back-street Maughan John, Fore-street Milburn Ealph, Back-street Nicholson Edwd. Back-street Nicholson Joshua, Cattle Mkt Eobson James, CattleMarket Taylor Cuthbt. Market- pi ace Cartwrights Bell Nicholas, Priestpopple Charlton John, Priestpopple Kirsopp James, Low-gate Clieesemongers, Butter and Bacon Factors, and Provision Dealers Brown Michael, flour, Priest- popple Clemitson Thomas, Fore st Temperley William Angus, Market-st ; ho. Hencotes Chemists and Drnggists Armstrong Matth. Market-pl Bell George, Market-place; ho. Hallgate Charlton Margt. Market-pl Gibson William Wilson, Fore-street Pruddah William, Fore-st Chimney Sweepers Hamilton George, Gilligate Bind WiUiam, Battle-hill Confectioners Baker Margaret, Battle-hill Dixon EleanorjMarket-street AVatson Jane, Bull-bank White Catherine, Back-street Coopers Jameson James and Sons, Bull-bank Eoutledge Eobt. Priestpopple Curriers and Leather Cutters Gray John T. Back-street Hope John, Back-street Eobinson John, Battle-hill Eobinson Thos. Priestpopple Drapers— Linen and Woollen Bell Francis & Co. Marketst Dinning Thos. Market-place Dixon John, Battle-hill 842 TINDALE WARD — SOUTH DIVISION. Hill James, Fore-street Hogarth Margaret, Fore-st King James, Hallgate Lyon Eobert, Market-place Lyon William, Market-i^lace McKane John, Market-place Eobb Wilham, Hallgate Eobinson George & Francis, Market-place Eobson John Eenner,Fore-st Smith John, linen, Back-st Smith John & James,Fore-st White Arthur, Fore-street; ho. Hen cotes Dressmakers and Milliners Bi-ight Anne, Cattle-market Brown Elizb. Meal-market Charlton Hannah, Fore-st Cook Jane, Priestpopple Davison Frances, bonnet, Back-street Elliott Mary Ann, Fore-st Lyon Jane, bonnet, Gilligate Pruddah Elizabeth & Jane, Priestpopple Eowell Isabella, Back-street Wailes Anne, Battle-hill Walton Sarah, Backstreet Wilson Mary, Back-street Farmers Marked * are Yeomen Bell Jane, Yarridge *Bell Eobert, High Shield Coulson John, Low Yarridge Cowen Matthew, Black-hill *Hedley George, Sunniside Hutchinson Joseph&Forster, Watch Currick Lumbley Wm. Blossom-hill Moffatt John, Fortrees Scott John, Craneshaugh * Smith Matthew, and brick and tile maker,Loughbrow WilkinMartin,WestCauseway *Yellowley Wm.Breckon-hill Fire and Life OflBces Anchoe, HenryDodd,Fore-st Atlas, Isaac Baty, Fore st County, FibEj&Peovtdent, Life, Joseph Crawford, Priestpopple General, Fire and Liee, John T. Gray, Back-street Globe, William Wilson Gib- son, Fore-street North British, Thomas Dunning, Market-place Phcenix Fire, and Pelican Life, William Cooke, agent. Fore-street Professional, Life, George Bell, Market-place EoYAL Farmers, Fire and Life, Jno.Taylor,Battle-hl Scotland Association,Life, Eobt. Pattinson, Fore-st Union, John S. Moflfatt, Market-place United Kingdom, Life, Henry Dodd, Fore-street Yorkshire, Fire and Life, John Taylor, Battle-hill Gardeners Allen Henry, Holy Island Garland James, Haugh-lane Garland Margaret, Gilligate Hedley Eobert, Bull-bank Hunter Thos. Market-place Inness James, Quatre Bras McHarg Hugh,Market-place Murray Geo. Priestpopple Pearson John, Market-place Porteous George,Tyne-green Porteous James and John, GilUgate Porteous — , Tyne-green Eenwick James, Market-st Eobson Joseph, Bull-bank Scott Jas. HaU Style Cottage Shield Wm. Cattle -market AVatson Thomas, Battle-hill Glass, China, & Earthenware Dealers ArmstroDg Matth. Market-pl Bell Geo. Market-place Gibson Wm. Wilson, Fore-st Lovett Edwd. Market-street Wood Thomas, Bull-bank Glove Manufacturers Atkin John, Newcastle-road Ay don John, Holy Island Bell John, Gilligate Charlton Edward, Hencotes Eidley John & Sons,Gilligate Eidley Joseph, Glover-place Grocers and Dealers in Sundries Allen Henry, Holy Island Angus William, Market-pl Barker Teasdale, Glover-pl Barratt Mary and Elizaheth, Priestpopple Baty Dorothy, Cattle-market Baty Thomas, Market-st Baty William, & pawnbroker, Gilligate Bell Nicholas, Priestpopple Boyd Hannah, Hencotes Carr William, Market-street Cats Mary, Market-place Dodd James Milburn, Gilli- gate Dodd Matthew, GilUgate Fenwick WiUiam, Priest- popple Gillies WilUam, Back-street Gray Margaret & Ehzabeth, Fore-street Grey John, Fore-street Guthrie Charles, Battle Hill Hamilton Benjamin, Gilli- gate Hopper William, Gilligate Hogarth M. A. and H. Fore- street Hunter Thomas, Market-pl Jameson James & Son, BuU Bank Johnson Thos. Meal Market Johnson Wm. Quatre Bras Knight Barbara, Market-st Lishman Thos. Battle Hill and Gilligate Makepeace John, Back-st Mc Harg Hugh, Market-pl Murray John, Bull Bank Nesbitt Hannah, Priestpop- ple Newbegin Thos. Market-pl Nichol Thomas, GiUigate Parker Teasdale, Glover-pl Pattinson George and Son, Market-street Pattison Edward, Skinner's- burn Pearson John and Joseph, Fore-street Potts Jane, Giles-place Potts Elizabeth, Priestpop- ple Purvis Mary, Giles-place Eenwick James, Market-st Scott Jane, Fore-street Scott John, Fore-street Smith Barbara, Back-st Smith Wm. Cattle-market Story Robert, Hencotes HEXHAM CLASSIFIED BlREGTGRy. 843 Stokoe Elizabeth, Priest- popple Train Ann, Hallgate Turn bull Thomas, Fore-st Walton Henry, Market-st Walton Jane, Back-street Wear Elizabeth, Quatre Bras Wear Nathaniel, and baker, Battle Hill Hairdressers Hodgson Michael, Fore-st Irom Thomas, Market-st Youngtr William. Fore-st Hatters Marked * are also Manufacturers Dixon Jane, Fore-street Lyon Eobert, Market-place * Dnimwoodie Wm. Fore-st ho. Cockshaw Mc Kane John, Maiket-pl Robinson John, Fore-street Eobson Frederick, Fore-st * Rogers Parker, HencotPS * Rogers Thomas, Hencotes Woodman Mary Ann F. Cat- tle Market Inns, Hotels, and Public Houses Beehive, Isabella Totherick, Battle Hill Black Bull, Mary Cholcroft, and Posting House, Market-place Black- a-Moofs Head, George Short, Fore- street Blue Bell, John Hope, Fore-street Board, Ann Thompson, Market-place Board, John Gillhespy, Tyne Green Board, Richard Robson, Market-place Board, William Short, Quatre Bras Bush, Martha Armstrong, Hallgate Coach and Horses, Thomas Riddell, Priest- popple Crown, Isabella Wilson, Market-place Fox and Hounds, John Bell, Davison's ,■' Buildings George and Dragon, Hannah Whyte, Back- street Golden Lion, Esther Wilson, Back-row Grapes^, Ann Fenwick, Back-street Grey Bull, Ann Charlton, Cattle Market Masons' Arms, Ann Carr, Market-street New Grey Bull, Ralph Conkleton, Priest- popple Phcenix, Joseph Reed, Back-row Railway, Mary Riddell, near the Railway Station Rohin Hood, Mary Fleming, Old Church Skinners' Arms, William Moody, Gilligate Sun, Isabella Charlton, Fore-street Turk's Head, Mary Atkinson, Market-st Tanners' Arms, Richard Mews, Gilligate White Hart, John Hawxwell, and Posting House, Fore-street White Horse, Thomas Armstrong, Market- place beerhouses Benson Christopher, Battle " Hill Dodd James, Gilligate Holmes James, Old Church Robson John, Low Gate Shipley Sarah, Priestpopple Ironmongers & Hardware- men Hedley Thompson, Market- place Irwin George, Back-street Moffatt John Stevenson, Market-place Taylor Michael, Market-pl Wilson William, Back-street Joiners & Cabinet Makers Marked * are also Builders * Hedley Thomas, Back-st * Herdman Edward, Fore-st * Moffatt William, Hallgate * Nichol Thomas, Gilligate Pearson James, Long-yard Potts John, Battle Hill Snowball John, Hencotes Walker James, Gilligate Wilkinson Matthew, Back-st Linen and "Woollen Manu- facturers Lyon William, Market-st Nicholson and Bell, Giles- place Ord Margaret, Glover-place Marine Store Dealers Burn James, Gilligate Cooke John, Gilligate Lovett Edward, Market-st Mc Guire Patrick, Market-st Masons and Builders Armstrong Jas. Burn Bray Barker Teasdale, Glover-pl Bulman Thomas, Hencotes Davison Francis, Hallgate Davison Thomas, Davison's Buildings Dodd Matthew, Gilligate Dodd Eobert, Orchard-place Parker Teasdale, Glover-pl Surtees William, Gilligate Nursery and Seedsmen Robson John, Bull Bank Eobson Ralph, Bull Bank 3 F Painters and Glaziers Carr William, Back-street Ellis William, Bull Bank Gibson James, Fore-street, Back-row Hall George, Bull Bank Swinbum John, Back-street Pipe (Tobacco) Makers Hamilton George, Bellman's Close Henderson Thos. GilJigate, and Back -row Plumbers and Gasfitters Temple Joseph, Bull Bank Walker Wylam, Orchard House Wilson William, Back-row Eope & Twine Manufacturers Burn Henry, Priestpopple Paxton Andrew, Gilligate Saddlers & Harness Makers Gibson Jolm, Market-place Hopper William, Fore-street Scott Adam, Cattle Market 844 TIKDALE WAED SOtJTH DIVISION. Smiths Dickinson Thos. Low-gate Tewster Joseph, Back-row Eoutledge Thomas, Priest- popple Temple William, Skinner's- burn Ward Matthew & Son, Skin- ner's-burn Solicitors Baty Isaac, Fore-street ; ho. Priestpopple Crawford Joseph, Market-st Dodd Henry, Fore-st; ho. theEiding Gibson Jasper Richd. Manor Office ; ho. BatUe Hill HeadCharles and Son, Meal- market Kirsopp William, Market-pl ; ho. the Leazes Pattinson Eobert, Fore-st; ho. Market-street Euddock John, Battle Hill ; ho. Oakerland Stokoe John, and clerk to the guardians of the Hexham union, superintendent re- gis trarforHexh am district, assistant clerk to the coun- ty court of Hexham, clerk to Hexham local boai'd of health, and commissioner for taking the acknowledg- ments of deeds by married women, Priestpopple Taylor John, Battle Hill Surgeons Jefferson Thos. Orchard-pl Nicholson & Maughan, Bat- tle Hill Pearson William, Priestpop- ple Stainthofpe Thomas, Battle Hill Stokoe Eobt. M.E.C.S. Mar- ket-street Stokoe William, Battle Hill Tailors Anderson John, Battle Hill Armstrong Francis, Back-st Baines William, Battle Hill Hume jMatthew, Back-st Forster Thomas, Fore-st Johnson William, Low-gate Newcastle Nichls. Back-row Ord Richard, G-illigate Eenwick Eobert, Gilligate Snowball Michael, Hallgate Strafford John, Back-row AVatson Wm. Skinner's-burn Willoughby John, Commer- cial-place TaUow Chandlers Johnson Thos. Meal-market Pattison George & Son, Mar- ket-street Turnbull Thomas, Fore-st Tanners Ay don John, Holy Island Bell Henry, Gilhgate Dodd Edward, Gilhgate Eidley J. & Sons, Gilligate Stobart Smith, Gilligate Tin & Ironplate Workers and Braziers Cooke John, Gilhgate Turners in Wood Pletts John, Back-street Scott John, dish only, Fore- street Watch & Clock Makers Alexander Wilham, Fore-st Cooke John, Fore-street Hamilton Eobert, Market-pl; ho. Glover-place Harrison Francis, Fore-st Ord Matthew, Fore-street Public Institutions, Societies, &c. Beitish and Foeeign Bible Society, depository. Back-street DisPENSAEY, Back street, James Kirsopp, Esq. treasurer and secretary. — Surgeons, Eobert Stokoe, Thomas Jefferson, and Nicholson and Maughan ; William Prud- daht dispensing chemist Gas Woeks, Gilligate, Thomas Wilthew, secretary House oe Coeeection, Gilhgate, Alexan- der McKay, governor; Eobert Stokoe, surgeon Inland Eevenue Ofeice, Coach <& Horses, Edward Thomas, supervisor Manoe Office, Hallgate, Jasper Gibson, baiUff Mechanics' Institute and Commeecial News Eoom, C. B, Smith, librarian Moot Hall, Market-place Police Station, Back-row, James Angus, superintendent Post Office, Fore- street, Joseph Wilkin- son, postmaster SA^^NGS Bank, Priestpopple, open on the first Saturday in every month, Joseph Crawshaw, actuary Stamp Office, Fore-street, Jane Seott^ distributor Teetotal Society, William Eobb, presi- dent ; Henry Walton, secretary ; W. A. Temperley, treasurer Union WoekhOuse, Peth-Head, Wilham England, master; Mary England, matron; John Stokoe, clerk; Thomas Stainthorpe, surgeon; Joseph Coates, schoolmaster; Mary Ann Seymour, schoolmistFess Conveyances Newcastle & Caelisle Eailway Station, about a quarter of a mUe from the centre of the town, Thomas Dixon, miaster. Omnibuses await the arrival of the trains Coach. — To Be/Iingfiavi, the Mail leaves the Coach & Horses every afternoon at 8-4U, Sunday excepted HEXHAM PABISH. 845 Carriers to the following Places Allendale, Geo. Forster, from Temperance Hotel, on Tuesday Allendale Town, John Shield, from the New Grey Bull, Tuesday and Thursday Bellingham, George Hedley, from the Golden Lion, Monday Birtley, Thomas Stokoe, from the Bush, Friday Blanchland, Joseph and Thomas Oliver, from the George and Dragon, and Thos. Eobson, from the Golden Lion, Tuesday Colwell, Thomas Taylor, from the Bush, on Tuesday Gunnerton, Edward Slater, from Battle- hill, Monday, Wednesday and Saturday Hay don Bridge, Thomas Wilkinson, from the Coach and Horses, Tuesday Newcastle, John Morpeth, from the New Grey Bull, Tuesday, Thursday, & Satur- day; and Edward Watson, from the Phoenix, Friday Reedsdale, John Dodd, from the Phoenix, Tuesday Stanhope, William Snowdon, from the Sun, Tuesday Wark, John Dodd, from the Golden Lion, ■ Monday, Thursday, and Saturday, and Gilbert Dodd, on Tuesday and Friday West Allendale, William Hodgson, from the Coach and Horses, Tuesday Whittington, J. Little, from the Bush, and Edward Watson, from the Phoenix, on Tuesday High Quarter is a township, extending from six miles south by west of Hexham, to the confines of the county of Durham. It comprises an area of 8,773 acres, audits population in 1801, was 268; in 1811,303; in 1821, 279; in 1831, 273 ; in 1841, 206;- and in 1851, 243 souls. It is chiefly the property of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital ; W. B. Beaumont, Esq., is lord of the manor. The land is principally held on freehold and copyhold tenures. This is a wild mountainous district, containing a number of scattered houses, the hamlet ofLillswood, and the lead mines at Harewood Shield. Eateable value, £1,374. LiLLSwooD, a hamlet in this township, is situated six and a half miles south by west of Hexham. Andefsoii Jahies, vict. and farmer, Sports- man, LiUswood. Bell Kohert, gentleman. Park Bolam Mr. John, Hesley Well Dinning John, shopkeeper, LiUswood Dixon Mr. Edward, Arthley Mills Farmers Charlton James, Stobby Lee Charlton William, yeoman Davidson George, High LiUswood EUiott Michael, Grouse House Little Eohert, Harewood Shield Maughan Thomas, Cocker Shield Pigg Thomas, Eowley Head & Garshield Pigg Thomas, Turf House Eobson Matthew L. Merridge Eobson William, Stocksfold Scott Thomas, Hesley Well Thompson John, White Hall Thompson Matthew, Park House White Matthew, West Burn Hope Winter John, White Hall Low Quarter towriship is principally the property of John Atkinson, Esq., and W. B. Beaumont, Esq., the latter is lord of the manor. It extends from two to four and a half miles south of Hexham, and contains the hamlets of Dotland, Lee, Linnels, Ordley, and Steel. The area of the township is 3,608 acres, its rateable value £2,362, and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 404 ; in 1811,428; in 1821, 446; in 1831, 544 ; in 1841, 479; and in ISSl, 488 souls. Dotland is a small village in this township, three miles south by west ot Hexham, and is said to have teen form'erly a town. 846 TINDALE WARD — SOUTH DIVISION. Here are the remains of an ancient house, with Gothic buildings curiously carved. Lee is a hamlet with three farms in Low Quarter township, two and a half miles south of Hexham. Ltnnels, another hamlet in this town- ship, is situated two miles S.S.W.of Hexham. Here the Lancastrians encamped prior to the battle of Hexham Levels, and the cave in which the heroic Margaret of Anjou and her son were concealed by the robber, is still shown in the vicinity of the bridge. In this neighbourhood the banks of the Devil-water are thickly clothed with wood, and have a most romantic appearance. Oedley is a hamlet in the above-named township, three miles south of Hexham. Steel is another hamlet, four miles south of Hexham. Anderson William, builder, Middle Juniper Atkinson John, Esq. Newbiggin Charlton John, cartwright, Juniper Gibson Robert, shoemaker, Dipton Kirk John, gamekeeper, Newbiggin Hill Pearson George, blacksmith, Ordley Simpson Thomas, miller. Black Hall Sisson Rev. William, Juniper Thirlwell Thomas, vict. Dipton Mill Trotter John, corn miller, Linnel Mill Wilkinson Joseph, miller and farmer, Fine Chambers Mill Wigham Wm. blacksmith and farrier, Lee Farmers Carr George, Dotland Park Dodd Michael, yeoman, Black HaU Forster John, Nicholas Hall Lamb John, Lee Grange Oliver George, Dotland Sisterson William, Newbiggin Hill Stokoe William, Houghtly Thornburn Ann, Foggat Middle Quaeter is a township, extending from three to six miles south by west of Hexham. It is principally the property of the Com- missioners of Greenwich Hospital, and W. B. Beaumont Esq. is the possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The township comprises an area of 5,700 acres, audits rateable value is £1,947 5s. Population in 1801, 345 ; in 1811, 339; in 1821, 352; in 1831, 311; in 1841, 251; and in 1851, 313 souls. It comprises the hamlets of Dalton, Mollersteads, Eaw Green, and Whitley. This last possesses a Chapel of Ease, dedicated to St. Helen. It is a neat stone stiTicture, occupying a pleasant situation on the west bank of the Devil-water, about four and a half miles south by west of Hexham. The living, w^hich is a curacy under the church of Hexham, has been three times augmented under Queen Anne's bounty, and is now worth about £1 10 per annum. Patron, the Rev. Michael Sisson ; incumbent, the Rev. William Sisson. The National School is a neat stone building, erected by subscription, in 1849, and has an endowment of £4 10s. per annum, bequeathed by the late Rev. Abraham Brown, in 1812, for which five poor children receive a gratuitous education. The same gentleman also left £4 10s. yearly to the poor of this chapelry. Dalton is a hamlet in this township, four miles south by west of Hexham. Mollersteads, also a hamlet in the above township, is situated four miles south by west of Hexham. Raw Green, another hamlet in the same town- ship, is six miles south by west of Hexham, Graham Mary, -vict. Fox and HoundSf Woodside Milbum James, blacksmith, Dalton Bell Jane, vict. Three Tuns, Dalton BeU Robert, com miller, Whitley Mill Charlton John, cartwright, Dalton Dodd George, butcher, Moss House Milbum John, boot and shoemaker, Dalton St. JOHN tEE PARISH. 847 Robinson John, cart wiiglit and shopkeeper, Raw Green Stokoe John, blacksmith, Stables Stokoe William, blacksmith, Raw Green Teasdale John, roiller, Dukefield Farmers Adamson Thomas, yeoman, Spital Shields Angus William, Raw Green Bell John, Aydon Shields Bell John, Barker House Craig Wilson, Upper Ardley Dodd William, Hamburn Hall Errington John, Dalton Smith John, Low E shells Smith Richard, High Eshells Stobbs Simon, and yeoman, The Holmes Todd Joseph, Raw Green Young William, Nether Ardley West Quarter township, the property of the Commissioners of Green- wich Hospital, extends from one to four miles west of Hexham, and con- tains, besides a number of scattered houses, the hamlets of Greenshaw-Plain, Nubbock, West Boat, and Summer Rods. It comprises an area of 5,117 acres, audits rateable value is £3,016 12s. The population in 1801, \vas 121; in 1811, 267; in 1821, 243; in 1831, 248; in 1841, 311; and in 1851, 262 souls. Bagraw School was erected bj subscription, in 1830, at an expense of £130, and is endowed with £9 per annum, by the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, for which nine poor children are educated at half the fees paid by the other pupils. Nubbock, a hamlet in this township, is situated four miles south-west of Hexham. Summer Rods is another hamlet in the same township, two miles west by south of Hexham. West Boat is also a hamlet in the above-named township, situated near the junction of the North and South Tyne, one mile and three-quarters north-west of Hexham. The South Tyne is here crossed by a fine suspension bridge of 310 feet span, which w^as erected in 1826, at a cost of £5,000. Farmers Charlton William, East Nubbock Coulson Thomas Ellery Thomas, Highside Grey Thomas, Longhope and Bagraw Johnson Thomas & AnthonyWestNubbock Pearson John, Raise Pratt Joseph & Edward, Westwood Farm Todd William, Highwood Gibson George, vict. and spirit merchant, West Boat Forster Thomas, cartwright, Edruridge Kirsopp James, Esq. magistrate, TheSpital Stokoe Margaret, blacksmith, West Boat Tweeddle John, vict. Greenshaw Plain Bagraw School, Geo. Wm. Dixon, teacher ST. JOHN LEE PARISH. St. John Lee is a parish, comprising the townships of Acomb (West), Anick, Anick Grange, Bingfield, Cocklaw, Fallowfield, Hallingtou, Port- gate, Sandhoe, and Wall. It is bounded by the parishes of Thockrington, Chollerton, Simonburn, Warden, Hexham, Stamfordham, and Corbridge, and forms part of the liberty of Hexham shire. It is about seven miles in length, by four in breadth, and comprises an area of 15,090 acres. Population in 1801, 1,802 ; in 1811, 1,910; in 1821, 1,952; in 1831, 1,962; in 1811, 1,917; and in 1851, 2,073 souls. The soil of this parish is very rich, and the surface both varied and beautiful. Coal and lead are found in large quantities, and the 848 TIKDALE WARD SOUTH DIVISION. district is well watered by the northern branch of the Tyne, and intersected by the Newcastle and Carlisle Kailway. AcoMB (West) is a township and large straggling village, the property of Thomas Butler, Esq., of Brunton, Simon Mewburn, Esq., of Acomb, Eow- land Errington, Esq., of Sandhoe, and Thomas Dodd, Esq., of Biding. The township contains 2,745 acres of land, and its rateable value is £3,618. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 532 ; in 1811, 529 ; in 1821, 538; in 1831, 623; in 1841, 671; and in 1851, 636 souls. This manor was formerly the property of the priors of Hexham, and a favourite retreat of St. John of Beverley. On the dissolution of the priory it became Crown property, and we find it, in 1724, possessed by the Coatsworth family, from whom it passed in 1754, to James Jurin, Esq., who died in 1762. It was for many years the seat and property of John Hunter, but is now possessed by the gentlemen above- mentioned. St. John Lee Chuech is situated on a bold and woody headland, on the north side of the Tyne, in this township, one mile north of Hexham. It is a small but ancient structure, dedicated to St. John, of Beverley, and though it has been many times repaired, still it has no pretensions to architectural elegance. The living, a perpetual curacy, with the curacies of St. Mary's and St. Oswald's, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Hexham, is valued in the Liber Regis at £Q 13s. 4d. ; gross in- come £30 J. Patron, T. W. Beaumont, Esq. ; incumbent, the Rev. Charles Lee, M.A. The parish register commences in 1664. The Village of West Acomb is situated on the southern declivity of an eminence one mile and three quarters north of Hexham. Here is a school, which is supported by subscriptions, aided by a grant from the Committee of Council on Education. Mr. William Green, teacher. In the-neighbourhood of the village is a good cornmill, worked by Mr. Lewis Hetherington. Charities. — Ursula Mountney, in 1680, left a rent charge of £2 10s. per annum, to the poor of this parish ; and Robert Andrews, in 1764, bequeathed a rent charge of £1 10s. jes^rlj, to the poor not receiving relief, or such as should be in sickness in particular parts of the parish. M. Vernol, in 1771, left a rent charge amounting to £10 per annum, for St. John Lee Parish School. Post Office, Acomb, Bobert Kobson, postmaster. Letters are received here and des" patched to Hexham, at 5 p.m. Hemsley William, registrar of births and deaths, and relie%ing officer for Gholler- ton district Leonard William, cartwright Mewburn Simon, Esq. Ridley Mr. Richard Stobart Smith, coalowner Temperley Ehzabeth, beerhouse Acomb Collieey, Smith, Stobart, and Go. owners Allsopp Edward, beerhouse Dodd Thomas, Esq., Riding Errington George, blacksmith Einlay Robert, vict. Royal Anns Inn Henderson George, agent Kilvington Wm. police constable Academies and Schools Dale Mary Green Wm. Acomb School Eewcastle Elizabeth I Boot and Shoemakers Dunn James j Rutherford John I Smith Edward Corn Miller Hetherington Lewis, Acomb Mill ST. JOHN LEE PARISH. 849 Farmers BeUEobert,NewKifft Bulman Jacob, West Oak Wood Can- Thomas Chatt Joseph, Salmon's Well Cook W^m. and auctioneer, Old Bridge End Green Kichard, East Oak Wood Heslop Charles, Garden House Hutchinson Joseph, Acomb High Barns Jewett Head Ridley Eichard Todd Wilhara, Riding Watson Jane, Broom Park Weddle John,HalfwayHouse Joiners Hedley John Robson Robertj, and cabinet maker Shopkeepers Armstrong Dorothy Little John Herasley Jane Hutchinson William Rutherford Thomas Stokue Carrick Tailors Fergusson Matthew Hutchinson John Careiee.— John Little, to Newcastle on Saturdays, and Hexham on Tuesdays. Anick is a towDship and village, comprising 451 acres, the property of several owners, and its rateable value is £1,045. The population in 1801, was 161; in 1811, 169; in 1821, 166; in 1831, 168; in 1841, 146; and in 1851, 148 souls. At Hexham Bridge End, a hamlet in this township, there is an extensive brewery, for w^hich Mr. Thomas Loraine is agent. The Village of xlnick is pleasantly situated one mile and a half E.N.E. of Hexham. Loraine Thomas, agent, Hexham Bridge End Brewery Farmers Armstrong John, Hexham Bridge End Crawford John and Thomas Forster Joseph Green Richard Pringle William Robson John Ainsley John, gamekeeper Bain Rev. J. F. curate Bell Wilson, blacksmith, Hexham Bridge End Dolman Mr. William Elstob, Donkin, & Co., brewers, Hexham Bridge End Forster John, shoemaker Forster Thomas, stonemason WUson Matthew, beerhouse keeper AxicK Grakge township is situated one mile and a half east by north of Hexham, and its area, including that of Fallowfield, and Hallington town- ships, amounts to 2,220 acres. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 30; in 1811, 35; m 1821, 43; in 1831, 26; in 1841, 40; and in 1851, 40 souls. The rateable value is £700. It is the property of W. B. Beau- mont, Esq., and is occupied by Mr. William Brown. Bingfield is a chapelry, township, and hamlet, the property of William H. Clarke, Esq., and others. The township comprises an area of 2,047 acres, and its rateable value is £1,814. Population in 1801, 91 ; in 1811, 109; in 1821, 111; in 1831, 98; in 1841, 111; and in 1851, 125 souls. There is a mineral spring in this township, in wliich it is said neither fish nor w^orms can exist. At Erring Bridge, in this township, there is a day school with an endowment of £10 per annum, for which ten poor children are instructed without payment. Thomas Stokoe, teacher. The Hamlet of Bingfield is situated on an eminence six and a half miles N.N.E. of Hexham. Here is a Chapel of Ease under the parish church of St. John Lee, with which the living is united. It is dedicated to St. Mary. . Directory. — Thomas Carr, shopkeeper ; Thomas Hall, tile layer ; Thomas Stokoe, schoolmaster, Erring Bridge End ; and the farmers are 850 TINDALE WAflD — SOUTH DIVISION. William Coulsoii, Grindstone Law ; William Potts, Eobert Robson, John Robson, Toddridge ; Thomas Scott, and George Stevenson. CocKLAW is a township and village in this parish, the property of Row- land Errington, Esq., of Sandhoe. The township contains 3,666 acres, and its rateable value is £3,246. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 183 ; in 18]1, 197; in 1821, 199; in 1831, 188; in 1841, 172; and in 1851, 183 souls. The Village of Cocklaw is five and a half miles north of Hex- ham, and contains considerable remains of Cocklaw Tovrer, the principal seat of the Erringtous, from 1372 to 1567. Errington is a hamlet in this town- ship, five miles north bj east of Hexham. Marshall William, innkeeper, and agricul- tural implement maker, Three Horse Shoes Inn, Errington Saint Jobn and Josepli Pearson, dyers, &c. Cocklaw Factory Tarmers Armstrong Alexander, Errington Bates George, Groatington Charlton John, St. Oswald's Hill Head Ord Thomas, Bew Clay Piidley Matthew, Keepwick Eowell J. Wilkinson Ellen, Errington Hill Head Wilkinson Joseph, sen.. East Cocklaw ^Wilkinson Joseph, jun., West Cocklaw Fallowfield is a towuship and hamlet, consisting of one farm, in the occu- pation of Robert and Mark Benson, and the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart., of Matfen. The rateable value is £820, and the population in 1801, was 94; in 1811,—; in 1821, 93; in 1831, 70; in 1841, 74; and in 1851, 50 souls. At a short distance south of the Roman Wall, in this township, is a long range of rocks, one of w^hich, called Written Cragg, has inscribed upon it in deep and legible characters, " Petra Flavi Carantini" — the Crag of Flavius Carantinus. This inscription was first noticed in the Archoeologia ^liana, but no historical inference can be dra^vn from it. The Hamlet of Fallowfield, situated three and a half miles north by west of Hexham, consists of a small cluster of cottages inhabited by the workpeople employed in the coal and lead mines in this township. The principal inhabitants are Robert and Mark Benson, farmers. Hallington is a township and hamlet, the property of Rowland Errington, Esq., of Sandhoe, and J. Atldnson, Esq., of Newbiggin. The area of the township is returned with that of Anick Grange, and its rateable value is £1,208. Population in 1801, 128; in 1811, 144; in 1821, 129; in 1831, 120; in 1841, 105 ; and in 1851, 106. This w^as formerly a manor belonging to the priors of Hexham. Here is an eminence, called the Mote Law, having a square entrenchment upon it, where fires were kindled to alarm the country, in time of war or invasion. Davison Ealph, butcher Dobson Edward, schoolmaster Hall Alexander, shopkeeper Leadbitter Thomas, shoemaker Marshall Bennett, boot and shoemaker, and shopkeeper Marshall Henry, beerhouse and shopkeeper Marshall John P. corn miller and farmer Potts iMatthew, blacksmith Carriee. — George Hardwick, to Newcastle, on Saturdays Eobson William, tailor Stappard Christopher, shopkeeper Farmers Baty Mary, Halhngton North Farm Dobson Joseph, Hallington South Farm Dobson Thomas, Hallington New Houses Lamb John, Cheviot Ward Tom, Hallington High Farm ST. JOHN LEE PARISH. 851 PoRTCxATE to\viisliip IS situated three and a half miles north by west of Corbridge, and contains 690 acres of land, the rateable value of which is £585. The number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 29 ; in 1811, 29 ; in 1821, 33 ; in 183], 29; in 1841, 18; and in 1851, 32 souls. Rowland Errington, Esq. is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. This township is said to derive its name from affording a passage through the great Roman Wall, near 'to where the Devil's Causeway branches from the Watling-street. The site of the wall and fosse has, at this place, been levelled and cultivated. Here is a coal mine, the shaft of which was sunk in 1849. It is worked by Mr. Thomas Hall, who is now (1854), sinking another shaft in this township. This mine produces coals of excellent quality. The principal resident is Charlton Todd, farmer, Portgate House. Sandhoe is a township and pleasant village, the property of Rowland Errington, Esq., William Cuthbert, Esq., Mrs. Crawhall, and others. The township contains 1,648 acres, and its rateable value is £1,922. The popu- lation in 1801, was 198; in 1811, 199; in 1821, 180 ; in 1831, 240; in 1841, 273 ; and in 1851, 280 souls. The Village of Sandhoe is two miles north-west of Corbridge Beaufront, a little to the south-west of the village, is the seat of William Cuthbert, Esq., J. P. It is a magnificent mansion, and when viewed either from Hexham or Corbridge, has a noble appearance, having long and elegant fronts surmounted by figures representing the various heathen deities. The lawn, plantations, and gardens are very extensive, and are said to have cost, in improvements alone, upwards of £20,000. This estate was anciently possessed by the Carnabies, from whom it passed to the Erring- tons, coming ultimately to the present proprietor. Sandhoe House, the seat of Rowland Errington, Esq., J, P., and Stagshawe House, the residence of Mrs. Mary Crawhall, are also very elegant structures. Stagshawe Bank is partly in this township, and partly in that of Corbridge. On this extensive common fairs are held twice a year, the first for the sale of horses, horned cattle, &c., takes place on the Saturday preceding Whitsunday. The second, which is a pleasure fair, takes place on the 3rd and 4th of July. There are also two " Wiste" fairs held on the 5th of August and the 24th of October, — the first for the sale of lambs, and the last for the sale of ewes. At one ex- tremity of Stagshawe Bank, at a place called the Fences, near Halton Castle, are the kennels of the Tindale Hounds, the property of the leading sporting gentlemen of the county. Major Bell is master, and William Nevard hunts- man. WooDHEAD is a hamlet on the Beaufront estate, two miles north-east by east of Hexham. Crawhall Mrs. Mary, Stagshawe House Cuthbert Wm. Esq., J.P., Beaufront House Errington Kowland, Esq. J.P., Sandhoe House Donkin Miss Mary Eorster John, shoemaker Forster John P. shopkeeper Goodrick William, land agent Hindmarsh Robert, gardener 3 F 2 Snowball John, builder Wilson Robert, shoemaker Farmers Herdman Elizabeth, Stagshawe Bank Leadbitter William Rowell Robert, Black Hill Stephenson John, Beaufront Red House Tweddle Elijah, HoUin Hall 85S TINDALi; WAIlp---§QUTH DIVISION. Wall is a township and pleasant village, the property of Thoraas Butler, Esq., and the Messrs. Clayton of Chesters Hall. The township comprises an area of 1,623 acres, and its rateable value is £9,161. The population in 1801, was 356; in 1811, — ; in 1821, 465; in 1831, 495 ; in 1841, 437; and in 1851, 474 souls. W. B. Beaumont, Esq., is lord of the manor. Here is an excellent freestone quarry, the products of which are in gi'eat request for building and other purposes. It is worked by Mr. Thomas Hall. The Village of Wall is situated on the Alnwick-road, about four miles north by west of Hexham. In its vicinity stands a Chapel of Ease, dedicated to St. Oswald, who, when about to attack the Britons, under their perfidious king, Ceadwalla, ordered a cross of wood to be formed, and fixed on the site now occupied by the sacred edifice, when, turning to his arm 5% he exclaimed, '' Soldiers, let us bend our knees, and beg of the true and living God to pro- tect us from the insolence and ferocity of our enemies, for he knows that our cause is just, and that we fight for the salvation of our country." At his command they knelt down to pray, from prayer they rose to battle, and victory was the reward of their piety and valour. Ceadwalla was slain, and his in- vincible army was annihilated. In memory of this event the monks of Hex- ham raised a chapel upon the si^ot which the cross had occupied. Many relics of antiquity have been found, at different periods, in this neighboux'- hood. Post Office, Wall. — Thomas Scott, postmaster. Letters arrive from Gunnerton, at 8-30 a.m., and from Hexham at 3-30 p.m. ; they are despatched to Hexham at 9-30 a.m., and to Gunnerton at 3-30 p.m. Charlton Eohert, nm^serj^ and seedsman Elliot M. tailor and draper Elliot Eobert, schoolmaster Eisher .John, agent Eisher Eobert, land steward Hall Thomas, coal owner & farmer, Wall Fell, or Castle House Herdman Cuthbert, cartwiight Herdman Catharine, schoolmistress Hill Edward, butcher Hill John, coal owner KeU Edward, Esq., Codlaw Hill Laing Edward, tailor Lee Eev. Charles, M.A. vicar, Brunton House Proudlock John, joiner & cabinet maker Eobson Thomas, jobber Eowell Thoraas, corn miller Eutherford John, joiner and cartwright Eutherford Joseph, stonequarry manager Stobbart Thomas, tailor Urwin Eichard, blacksmith Wilkinson Edward, blacksmith Boot and Shoemakers Heslop George Sewell WilHam Wilson Thomas Farmers Armstrong James, Codlaw HUl Burn Joseph, Green Field Davison John, Codlaw Dean Johnson Anthony & William, Plane Trees Jameson Eobert, Wall Fell Johnson John, Wall Fell Johnson John, Wall West Farm Shanks Ealph, and corn mil- ler. Low Brunton Walker William, West Dun- kirk Wilson Henry, Dunkirk Woodman John, Wall Town Farm Shopkeepers Ay son Mary Errington Eobert Herdman James Hill Isabella Scott Michael Tailford John Taverns Bay Horse, John Wilkinson Smiths' Arms, John Eowell BELLINGHAM PARISH. 853 TINDALE WARD.— NORTH WEST DIVISION. BELLINaHAM PARISH. Bellingham parish is composed chiefly of moors and sheepwalks, and was formerly a chapelry to the extensive parish of Simonhurn, which was divided into six parishes by an act of the 51st of George III., cap. 194. It comprises the townships of Bellingham, East Charlton, West Charlton, Leemailing, Nook, and Tarrethm-n, whose united area is 20,211 acres. The population in 1801, was 1,079; in 1811, 1,232; in 1821, 1,396; in 1831, 1,460; in 1811, 1,730 ; and in 1851, 1,594 souls. In this parish there is an extensive moor, called Hareshaw Common, containing above 7,000 acres, and abound- ing with various kinds of game. The soil, both in the valleys and on the hill side, is very fertile, being a strong red gravel, producing abundance of corn and turnips. Coal, ironstone, and limestone are found in large quanti- ties in this district. The common above-mentioned is now crossed by three new roads which were made in 1854. One of these roads leads from Belling- ham to Woodburn, another from Bellingham to Troughend, and the third from Greenhaugh to High Green. The Hareshaw Ironworks, in this parish, were established in 1840, by Messrs. Campion, Batson, and Co., but in 1846, they became the property of the Union Banking Company of Newcastle, in whose possession they still remain, though they have not been working since 1848. These works contain three furnaces with which are connected an engine of 1 2Q horse power, and a w^ater wheel of seventy horse power, to furnish a blast for smelting the ironstone. There are also about seventy coke ovens for the preparation of coke for the furnaces. The ironstone bed from which this estabhshment is supplied is thirty feet thick, and contains twenty- two layers of " kidney stone," which produces about thirty-seven and a half per cent of iron. A raihvay connects these works with the collieries in the neighbourhood, and four engines are employed in drawing the coal and iron- stone to the w^orks. There is also a large reservoir covering an area of fifty acres, in which water is collected for the purpose of driving the water-wheel. It is expected that these works will shortly recommence, as a railway is about to be constructed, which will pass in their immediate vicinity. There are tile works carried on in this parish by Mr. George Dixon. THE TOWN OF BELLINGHAM. BELLiKGHAJki is a townshjp and small market town, in the parish of the same name ; the Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor. The town- ship comprises an area of 515 acres, and its rateable value is £1,309 13s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 337; in 1811, 346 ; in 1821, 404 ; in 1831, 464; in 1841, 672; and in 1851, 770 souls. Two parts of the manor of Bellingham belonged to the Archbishop of York, in the reigu of 854 TINDALE WAUD NOETH-WEST DIVISION. Henry V. Tradition informs us that the town ancdently belonged to the barons, or lords, of Bellingham, who had a seat or castle here, on the eminence which still bears the name of Hallfield. The whole parish, together with the other estates of the Earl of Derwentwater, on the attainder of that nobleman, ■were given to the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. A good stone bridge was constructed over the Hareshaw Burn at the east end of the town of Bellingham, in J 826, and a second one was erected by subscription over the North Tyne, in the vicinity of the town, in 1835. This latter bridge is of considerable magnitude, being composed of foar fifty-feet segmental arches of graceful rise, and forms an interesting feature in the beautiful scenery on the banks of the north Tyne, and while it is an ornament to the county, is of the greatest advantage to the district, where, previous to its erection, great inconvenience was long experienced, and many lives lost from the want of such an accommodation. The Tow^n of Bellingham is situated on the north bank of the North Tyne, about sixteen miles N.N.W of Hexham, and thirty miles W.N.W. of New- castle. Saturday is the market day. The Church dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is a very ancient stone structure, pleasantly situated on the banks of the north Tyne. It has lately undergone considerable repairs, and very great improvements have been made through the unwearied exertions of the present incumbent. A new porch and vestry have been built, the old gallery at the west end has been pulled down, and in the vacant space thus gained new seats have been constructed, at an ex- pense of £70, which has been defrayed by private subscriptions. The living, a rectory not in charge, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Bellingham, is in the patronage of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hos- pital, and incumbency of the Rev. G. Bellamy, M.A. The parish register commences in ] 684. The Rectory, a neat stone edifice, was erected in 1828, by the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. The tithes are com- muted for £204. The United Presbyterian Church was erected by subscription in 1803. at a cost of £400, and is a substantial stone edifice, possessing sufficient accommodation for 400 persons. Attached to the church is a neat Manse, the residence of the minister, the Rev. John Young. Reed's Charity School was founded in the year 1 730, by Miss Isabella Reed, vvho left the sum of £200, with which the trustees of the charity were to purchase land, whose rent was to be devoted to the gratuitous education of fifty poor children, in reading, writing, arithmetic, and the Church of England catechism. Her brother subsequently gave the school-house and the master's residence, which were situated on the western side of the church, but in 1851, the old buildings were pulled down, and suitable buildings were erected at a cost of £305, which was obtained by private donations, and a grant from the Committee of Council on Education. The school is open to children of every denomination. The rector and churchwardens are the sole trustees, and by the division and enclosure of Hareshaw Common, will shortly acquire ten or fifteen acres of land, on which it is purposed to expend the original BELLIN6HAM PAEISH. 855 endowment of £200, and so be enabled to extend the chanty to the educa- tion of the fifty children, as prescribed by the will of the foundress. At present only ten children are taught free, although the average attendance is eighty-six scholars. The Mechanics' Institution was established in June 1846, and its library contains 554 volumes on the arts, sciences, and general literature. Mr. George TurnbuU, secretary. A fair for the hiring of servants, and for the sale of cattle, sheep, and v>'oollen cloth is held here, on the Wednesday before Good Friday, and the Satui'day after the 1 5th September, and statute fairs are held on the 12th May, and 12th November. The County Court, for the recovery of debts under £50, is held here monthly. James Losh, Esq., judge ; Henry Ingledew, Esq., clerk ; Henry Allen, assistant clerk, and Robert Riddle, bailiff. The Belltngham Poor Law Union comprehends thirty-seven parishes and townships, including an area of 235,861 statute acres, and a population, in 1851, of 6,553 souls. The parishes and townships are Bavington (Great), Bavington (Little), Bellingham, Birtley, Carry Coats, Catcherside, Charlton (East Quarter), Charlton (West Quarter), Chirdon, Coldwell, Corsenside, Crookdon, Fawns, Harle (Little), Harle (West), Hawick, Kirkharle, Kirk- whelpington, Leemailing, Nook, Otterburn Ward, Plawshets and Tynehead, Rarashope, Rochester Vv^ard, Shitlington (High Quarter), Shitlington (Low Quarter), Smalesmouth, Sweethope, Tarretburn, Tarset (West), Thockring- ton, Thorneyburn, Troughend Ward, Wark, Warksburn, Wellhaugh, and Whelpington (West). The Bellingham Union Workhouse was erected in 1839, at an expense of £700. It is a substantial stone edifice, possessing accommodation for about sixty persons, though the number of inmates at present (1854) only amounts to twenty-four. James Aynsley, governor ; Dorothy Ay nsley, matron; John Elliott, surgeon ; and R. B. Hall, clerk. James Aynsley and WiUiam Kell, relieving officers. Post Office, Bellingham, Michael Shipley, postmaster. Letters arrive here from Hexham, at 5-30 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 7 a.m. Money Orders are granted here. Armstrong WilHam, road contractor, Snug- gy Gate Bellamy Kev. George, M.A. Rectory Cm'ry Thomas, manager Murray William, watchmaker Eeed's Chaeity School Eenwick Francis, manager Blacksmiths Bum Eobert Hixon Joseph Boot and Shoemakers Anderson Thomas Humble Thomas Potts James Ridley Thomas, road contractor, Snuggy Gate Smith Edward, saddler, &c. Telford Robert, police constable for the Bellingham division Young Rev. John, Manse Shipley Michael Smith Christopher Turnbull James Turnbull John, and clog Turnbull William, and clog Butcher Pearson William John Coopers Johnson John Johnson John, jun Farmers Bell John, Bellingham De- mesne Breckons Robert 866 TINDALU WAED KOETH-WEST DIVISION. Pearson William John Grocers and Dealers in Sun- dries Bell Robert English William Hall Elizabeth Lome Sarah Eichardson A. and painter Eobson Robert Smith Walter Stephenson John Turnbull George Wilson John Young Michael Hotels and Inns Black Bull, Margaret Gibson ■Fox and Hounds, William Turnbull Furnace, Robert Breckons, and Posting House Piose and Grown, Thomas Philipson Masons and Builders Bell John and James Lawson Wilham and James, Haining Ridge Surgeon Elliott John Tailors and Drapers Eobson Robert Waugh John Rutherford Wilson John Tile Manufacturers Dixon George Francis Ren wick, manager Beerhouses Ridley James Scott Simeon Joiner and Cabinet Maker Turnbull George, & builder Conveyance. — Per Mail Coach to Hexham, every morning (Sunday excepted) at seven o'clock. It passes through Wark and Hurashaugh, and returns in the afternoon. Thomas Riddle and Robert and Wedderburn Breckons, proprietors. Caeeiee to Newcastle : George Hedley, on Wednesdays. Chaelton (East Quaetee) is a township and small village, the property of Henry Charlton, Esq^. The manorial rights of the common are claimed by the Duke of Northumberland, and the freeholders claim those of their own property. The township contains 635 acres, and its rateable value is £665 14s. lOd. Population in 1801, 139; in 1811,137; in 1821, 143 ; in 1831, 151 ; in 1841, 173; and in 1851, 117 souls. The Village of East Charlton is pleasantly situated on the north side of the North Tyne, two miles W.N.W. of Bellingham. Here is a Catholic Church, dedicated to St. Oswald. It is a neat stone structure, in the early English style, and was erected by subscrip- tion in 1839, W. H. Charlton, Esq., being the principal contributor, and the donor of the site upon which the church and presbytery stands. Rev. Edward Hothersall, priest. St. Oswald's Catholic school is situated near the church. It was erected by Frank Charlton, Esq., in 1839, and is principally supported by Mrs. Charlton, of Heslejside. Elizabeth Wilson, teacher. Directory. — Rev. Edward Hothersall (Catholic) ; Edward Campion, auc- tioneer and appraiser; Catholic School, near Bellmgham, Elizabeth Wilson, teacher ; Christopher Dodd, shopkeeper, Charlton ; Mrs. Ann Hall, Reins ; Thonlas Martinson, joiner and builder, Charlton, near BeUingham ; John Milburn, cartwright, Riding ; and the farmers are Thomas Lamb, Siiaw ; Adam Little, Riding ; Anthony Richardson, Reins ; and Joseph Wright, and yeoman, Charlton. Charlton (West Quarter) is a to^iiship of scattered houses and farm- steads, situated at the confluence of the Tarset Burn and the North Tyne, three miles W.N.W. of Bellingham. It comprises an area of 478 acres, its rateable value is £624 lOs. 3d., and it contained in 1801, 123; in 1811, 155 ; in 1821, 187 ; in 1831, 188 ; in 1841, 176 ; and in 1851, 146 irihabi- tants. The? principal proprietors are John aiiid William Addison, Esqs., gtnd BELLINGHAM PAEISH. 857 the Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor. Bearsmouth and Hare- shaw Head Collieries, situated on Hareshaw Common, are carried on by Mr. Jos3ph Armstrong, whose family have been the proprietors for the last half century. The Mr. Armstrong just mentioned, is remarkable for his great ingenuity ; in 1 85 1, he constructed a fine toned fiddle from some coal obtained in his own colliery. There was formerly a very strong castle in this township, and from the magnitude of its ruins, ^vhich have long disappeared, it was said to have served as the abode of a giant, and it is still believed that a sub- terranean way passes from it under the bed of the river to the ancient fortress, called Dally Castle, which is distant about one mile to the south. Tarset Hall, the seat of Mr. John Forrest, is a neat stone building, situated near the site of Tarset Castle. Armstrong Henry, coal manager, Park Cottage Armstrong Joseph, coalowner, Bearsmouth and Hareshaw Head Collieries Milburn Henry, schoolmaster, Craghead Milburn INIatthew, shopkeeper, Snow Hall Nichol Thomas, blacksmith, Eeedmires Eobson John, boot and shoemaker, High Newton Weightman John, joiner, builder, and miU- wright. Lane Head Ward Adam, beerhouse, Ijane Head Farmers Craigie John, Wage Head Dagg John, Knopping's Holme Forrest John, Tarset Hall Milburn Edward, & registrar of marriages, Binner Hill Nichol William and Adam, Low Newton Kobson Jasper, Charlton Gate Leematling is a township, the property of W. H. Charlton, Esq., and Robert Charlton, Esq. The manorial rights are possessed by these gentle- men, and by Hunter Allgood, Esq. The township contains 4,245 acres, and its rateable value is £1,819. Population in 1801, 326 ; in 1811, 266 ; in 1821, 285 ; in 1831, 293; in 1841, 325 ; and in 1851, 271 souls. There are a colliery and tile works, situated at Brier Edge, which are carried on by W. H. Charlton, Esq. There is a small school at Stubby Lee, in this town- ship, erected by subscription in 1804. Hesleyside, the property and seat of W. H Charlton, Esq., is a splendid edifice, wdth a neat domestic chapel attached, surrounded by beautiful pleasure grounds and gardens, which evince great taste both in design and execution. The prospect from the eminence on which the mansion stands, is beautifully diversified with sheep walks, heath-clad hills, rocks, and woods, having the town of Bellingham, and part of the North Tyne in the foreground. The clan of Charlton, so celebrated in ancient times, was very numerous and influential in this neighbourhood. Those of the name who resided at the Bower, an old fortress, not far from Hesleyside, were noted freebooters, and many w^onderful stories of their address and prowess are still current. The chief of the family was always called Bowery, or rather Boorey, from his place of residence. William Charl- ton of ileedsmouth, a son of Mr. Charlton of the Bower, had all the fierce- ness and implacability of a borderer. On the 21st of February, 1709, he slew Mr. H. Widdrington, of Bellingham, in a wood called Beedswood Scroggs- William Laidley, of Emplehope, who was riding past at the time, hastened to the tfoM Heaps, where there was a horse race, and alarmed the people, 858 TINDALE WARD — KORTH-WEST DIVISION. who captured tlie offender, and delivered him np to justice. He was, how- ever, pardoned by Queen Anne, and in the " rising" of 1715, joined the Earl of Derwentwater, and behaved ^vith great spirit and bravery at Preston. Lee Hall, the property of Eobert Charlton, Esq., is a neat stone edifice, pleasantly situated on the north side of the North Tyne. Coulson Edward, Brideford Dixon John, and yeoman, Dunterley Fenwick Elizabeth, Brieredge Maughan Forest, & corn miller, Lee Hall Mill Charlton William Henrv, Esq. Hesleyside Dixon George, land agent. Mantle Hill Dixon Thomas, Esq. Bellingham Eals Blacksmiths Parker Eichard, and beerhouse, Fellend Eichardson William, Woodhead Maughan Thomas, Sheeprigg Smith John, The Green Smith Eoger, Ealingham Thompson John, Woodpark Farmers Benson Christopher, Lee Hall Nook township, the property of W. H. Charlton, Esq., and Mr. Hagger- ston, extends along the north bank of the North Tyne, from the west side of the Reed, to within half a mile east of BelHngham. The Duke of Northum- berland is possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. It contains 1,151 acres, its rateable value is £955 16s. 4d., and the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 81; in 1811, 126; in 1821, 113; inl831, 99; in 1841, 13T ; and in 1851, 88 souls. Directory. — The farmers are Anthony Benson, Reed's Wood ; John Garford, and road contractor, North Bridgeford ; John Hedley, Rawfoot ; Joseph Pearson, Hole ; and Robert Riddle, Blakelaw. Tarretburn is a township, extending from three to six miles north-west of Bellingham, along the east side of the Tarretburn. The landowners are Henry Thompson, Thomas Thompson, and others. The Duke of Northum- berland claims the manorial rights of the commons, and each landowner claims those of his own property. The township comprises an area of 4,828 acres, and its rateable value is £1,597 12s. 5d. The population in 1801, was 173 ; in 1811, 202 ; in 1821, 264 ; in 1831, 265 ; in 1841, 247 ; and in 1851, 202 souls. It contains the hamlets of Greenhaugh and Gatehouse, and a number of scattered houses, which are built in the deep and narrow glens formed by the lofty hills of this mountainous district. There is a lead mine in this township, opened in 1854, by the Messrs. Thompson, on the High Green estate. Coal is also found here. High Green Colliery is worked by Messrs. James and Thomas Temple. Greenhaugh is a hamlet in this township, four miles N.N.W. of Bellingham. Brown John, grocer, tailor and draper, Greenhaugh Dodd William, tailor and draper, Green- haugh Dodd William, butcher, Greenhaugh Elliot John, \ict Holly Bush, & blacksmith Greenhaugh Newton Henry Horsley, gentleman, Burn- bank Renwick William, shopkeeper, Greenhangh Temple James and Thomas, coalowners» High Green Colliery Farmers Charlton Matthew George, Gate Houses Charlton Michael, and yeoman, Green- haugh Famelton John, Sneep Gilhespy John Gray, Gate Houses Henderson Alexander Brown, Burnbank FALSTONE PARISH. 8^9 Henderson John and Adam, Snnnyside Hindmarch Edward, Hetliery HfiU Mole William, Greenhaugh Potts John, Bnrdenside Potts Thomas, Burnbank Eidley John, Gate Houses Eobson Launcelot, Burnmouth Thompson Thomas, and yeoman, High Green BLACK CAKTS AND EYEHILL EXTRA-PAROCHIAL. Black Cap.ts and Ryehtll are two extra-parochial places, in the iiortli- western division of Tindale Ward. They contain 438 acres, and tlieir rate- able value is £'37G 13s. 6d. Their population is supposed to have been re- turned with Warden in 1801 and 1831 ; in 18 1 1, they contained 26 ; in 1831, 15 ; in 1811, 17; and in 1851, 23 inhabitants. Tiae farmers are Matthew Dixon, Ryehill ; and Elizaheth Heslop, Black Carts, FALSTONE PARISH. Falstone is a parish, comprising the townships of Plawshets and Wellhaugh. It extends eastward from the limits of Cumberland and Scotland, to the parishes of Thornej^burn and Greystead, a distance of eleven miles, and com- prises an area of 57,700 acres. The population in 1801, was 437; in 1811, 429; in 1821, 501; in 1831, 521; in 1841, 560; and in 1851, 562 souls. This extensive parish is one of those into which the parish of Simonburn was divided by act of parliament in 1811. It is a moorish and mountainous dis- trict, on which great numbers of sheep are pastured ; grouse, partridge, and black game are found in abundance. The North Tyne rises in this parish, and here receives a number of burns or rivulets, on whose banks the soil is in many places well cultivated. From the source of the North Tyne to Belling- ham, there are numerous traces of the castramentations, or strongholds, of the ancient Britons. We may mention Bell's Hunkin, and Ryan's Hill, one mile above Keilder Castle ; Flitchill Wood, and Camp Rigg, near Keilder ; Lowey Knough, and Hobb's Knough, about a mile from the last named place; Harpney Ptigg, and Baresdales, on the Lewis-burn, and Hawk's Knough. There is also one on Wellhaugh Moor, another in a wood near Eals, and a third on Knopping Holme Hill, opposite to Tarset Castle. The name of Falstone is said to be a corruption of the Anglo-Saxon word Fceston, signify- ing a stronghold for the purpose of fastening or securing cattle, &c. Plawshets, a township containing the village of Falstone, is the property of the Duke of Northumberland, Sir J. E. Swinburne, Sir M. W. Ridley, John Ridley, Esq., and others. It contains 28,225 acres, and its rateable value is £2,982 10s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 209; in 1811, 214; in 1821, 234 ; in 1831, 249 ; in 1841, 222 ; and in 1851, 229 souls. There is a colliery in this township, which is carried on by the Duke of Northum- berland. Falstone is a village in this township, situated nine miles west by north of BeUingham. The Parish Church is a handsome stone structure with a square tower, rebuilt by subscription in 1823, at a cost, inclusive of the 3 G 860 TINDALE WARD— ^^OETH- WEST- DIVISION. Eectory, of about £2,000. The living, a rectory in the archdeaconry of North- umberland and deanery of BelHngham, is of the certified value of £10, gross income £219. The tithes are commuted for £228. Patrons, the Com- missioners of Greenwich Hospital. Rector, the Rev. Thomas Foster, M.A. . The parish register commences in 1 742. Here is also a Peesbyteeian Chuech, rebuilt by subscription in 1807, at an expense of £425. It is a substantial stone edifice, and occupies a pleasant situation. The Rev. Donald M'Naughton Stewart, minister. Ttnehead Chapel, in connection with the Presbyterian Church, Falstone, is a stone structure, rebuilt by the Duke of Northumberland. Divine service is performed here once a month by the Rev. Mr. Stewart, of Falstone. There is a school in the village, endowed with £5 per annum, by Sir J. £. Swinburne, Bart. A stone bridge was erected in 1843, at a cost of £2,222. It crosses the North Tyne by three arches, each of forty feet span, and connects the villages of Falstone and Staunersburn. Keildee Castle, a sporting seat of the Duke of Northumberland, occupies a romantic situation seven miles north-west by west of Falstone, at the junc- tion of the Iveilder Burn and the North Tyne. It is quadrangular in form, with a castellated front, and commands a fine view of the river and surround- ing country. The banks of the Keilder and the adjacent country were anciently clothed with thick woods, some vestiges of which still remain. About sixty years ago, an oak tree, containing 167 cubic feet of wood, was washed up near Tyne Head, and a few years afterwards the heath on a hill near Yarrow, was set fire to by the shepherds, when, after the peat moss was consumed, the remains of an ancient pine forest were discovered. This cu'cumstance caused the place to obtain the name of Fir-tree Moss, which it retains to this day, and the country people still go to it to collect wood, &c. At the western extremity of this parish, is an extensive track of country on the borders, for- merly known by the designation of " the debateable land," but in 1552, it was divided by agreement between the proper officers of England and Scotla,nd. Kennel Paek is a circular tract of ground, tlu'ee miles in diameter, situated about three miles west by north of Falstone. Post Office, Falstone. — John Hunter, -postmaster. Letters arrive here, from Bel- lingham, at 10 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 12 noon. Falstone School, James Clark, teacher j Robson Anthony, farmer, Hawkhope Foster Rev. Thomas, M.A. Falstone Rectory Robson Thomas & John, farmers, East Hunter John, vict. Black Coch, Falstone Keilder Lucas Richard, gamekeeper, Keilder Castle Stuart Rev. Donald M'Naughton, Fals- Eidley John & Thomas, yeomen, Falstone 1 tone Manse Wellhaugh township lies principally on the south side of the North Tyne, and contains the hamlets of Rigg End, Staunersburn, and Yarrow, with a number of scattered farm houses and cottages. It is the property of the Duke of Noi-thumberland, Sir J. E. Swinburne, Bart., Sir M. W. Eidley,Bart., John Ridley, Esq., and others. It comprises an area of 29,475 acres, and its rateable value is £2,857 lis. Id. Population in 1801, 228; in 1811, 215; in 1821, 267; in 1831, 272; in 1841, 338; and hi 1851, 333 souls. Here is a school, which was erected by the Duke of Northumberland, in 1849. GEEYSTEAD PAEISH. 861 It is a neat, substantial, stone building, and is well attended. Two roads have been formed in this township, one by the Duke of Northumberland, from Bewshaugh to the Scottish border, a distance of about six miles, the other by Sir J. E. Swinburne, Bart., from Smalesmouth to the border, a distance of thirteen miles. MouNCEs, where Sir J. E. S\^dnburne has a sporting seat, stands on the south side of the north Tyue, in this township, three miles west of Falstone. RiGG End is a hamlet in this township, one mile south-east of E'alstone. Staxneesbuen is another hamlet, half a mile south of the same place. Yaeeow is also a hamlet one mile west of Falstone. Brown Michael, Avood agent, Moimces , Knowe Corbett Robson, blacksmith, Stannersburn Crozier John, boot & shoemaker, Stanners- burn Dagg Isaac, shopkeeper, Yarrow Moor Elliott John, cartwright, Riggend Hindmarsh Thomas, farm manager, Lewie Keilder School, Wm. Reid, teacher Newton Robert, shopkeeper, Stannersburn Waitt Thomas, shopkeeper, Stannersburn Farmers Forster William Henry, yeoman, Riggend Hall William, and vict. Fox d; Lamibi Stan- nersburn Hedley James, Bewshaugh Murray William, Smale Oliver William, Otterstonelee Robson William Adam, Emmethaugh Sisterson Robert and Thomas, yeomen, Yarrow Caeriee to Newcastle and Bevvick in Scotland, Isaac Bagg, on Wednesdays. GREYSTE AD PARISH. Geeystead parish comprises the townships of Chirdon and Smalesmouth, which were separated from the ancient parish of Simonburn by act of parliament, in 1811, and consists principally of moors and mountains, which abound with various kinds of game. It extends between Chirdon-burn and Smales-burn, and from the south side of the North Tyne to the borders of Cumberland. The parish is about eight miles in length by four and a half in breadth, and comprises an area of 17,745 acres. The population in 1801, was 199; in 1811, 230; in 1821, 246; in 1831, 250; in 1841, 2J9; and in 1851,251 souls. Chirdon, a township extending along the east side of the Chirdon-burn, is the property of W. H. Charlton, Esq. and Hunter Allgood, Esq. It con- tains 4,770 acres, and its rateable value is £998. The number of its inhabi- tants in 1801, was 68 ; in 1811, 76 ; in 1821, 83 ; in 1831, 77 ; in 1841, 60; and in 1851, 84 souls. Dieectoey. — The farmers are Bartholomew Charlton, Chirdon ; John, William, and James Dodd, Padow-Burn and Kirnsyke ; Walter and Matthew Dodd, Hope House and Clint-Burn ; Walter Murray, White Hill ; Georgo- Ridley, Snab'd Hough ; and Matthew Robson, Whitchester. Smalesmouth is a township, the property of W. H. Charlton,, Esq., Captain Haggerstone, and others, each of whom claims the manorial rights of his own estate. It embraces an area of 13,275 acres, and its rateable value is £1,712. Population in 1801, 131; in ]8]1, 154; in 1821, ]63; in 1831, 173; in 1841, 159 ; and in 1851, 167 souls. This township comprises more than 862 TINDALE WARD — NORTH-^YES^:' DIVISION two-thirds of tlie entire parish, and contains the hamlets of Greystead and Hott, with a number of scattered houses. The Parish Chuech is at Grey- stead, a small hamlet in this township, situated on the south side of the North Tyne, five miles west by north of Bellingham. It is a neat stone edifice in the Gothic style, and was erected by the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospi- tal, shortly after Greystead was raised to the dignity of a parish. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Northumberland, and deanery of Belling- ham, gross income £133. The patronage is vested in the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. Incumbent, the Kev. James E. Surridge, M.A. The tithes are commuted for £150. Here is a Presbyterian School erected in 1851, and open to children of all denominations. Hott is a hamlet in this township, about a (Quarter of a mile east of Greystead. Baty Walter, cooper, Craig Dodd William, joiner & builder, Barn Know Peesbyteeian School, Kalph M'Adie, teacher, Hott Hobson John, shoemalver, Eals Cottage Eobson Eobert, vict. Moor Cock Waitt James, blacksmith, Eals Cottage Weatherson Charles, blacksmith, Hott Douglas Eobert, yeoman, Thorneyburn Eals Elliott Nenian, Bent House Gillespie Adam, and corn miller, Dally Castle Mill Hall Henr}', Smalesmouth Nicholson Thomas, yeoman, Birks Eidley Wilham, yeoman, Stokoe Scott John, Bower Telfer Adam, High Eals Telfer Walter, Middle Eals Farmers Charlton William, yeoman, Hott SIMONBURN PARISH. SiMOKBUEN parish comprises the chapelry of Humshaugh, and the town- ships of Haughton and Simonburn. It was formerly remarkable as being the largest parish in the diocese of Durham, extending from the Roman Wall to Liddesdale, in Scotland, a distance of thirty-three miles, and embracing the present parishes of Simonburn, Bellingham, Falstone, Greystead, Thorney- burn, and Wark, which, in conformity with an act of parliament, passed in 1811, were erected into distinct rectories, in 1814, upon the death of Dr. Scott, the last incumbent of the ancient parish. Several parts of this ex- tensive district have been drained, enclosed, and brought under cultivation, yet, the greater portion is still used as sheep-walks, &c. The country here presents a very varied aspect, and some parts are highly beautiful and ro- mantic. It abounds in coal and ironstone, and iron appears to have been extensively wrought here in ancient times. The present parish contains 13,372 acres ; the number of its inhabitants in 1801, was 900 ; in 1811, 956 ; in 1821, 1,030; in 1831, 1,135 ; in 1841, 1,029; and in 1851, 1,080 souls. The manorial rights are vested in the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, who are also the patrons of the different livings which have been formed out of the old parish. None but navy chaplains of ten years' service are eligible as rectors of the new parishes, and they are not allowed to hold any other preferment, though they are authorised to receive half pay, and the Com- missioners of Greenwich Hospital are empowered to redeem the land-tax chargeable on the rectories. SIMONBURN PARISH. 863 Haughton is a townsliip and village, tbe propert}^ of William Smith, Esq. and George Smith, Esq. The area of the to\Ynsliip is ],128 acres, and its rateable value £-2,007 5s. The population in 1801, was 78; in 1811, 15'2; in 1821, 127; in 1831, 154; in 1841, 118; and in 1851, 139 souls. The Village of Haughton is situated three miles east by south of Simon- burn. Haughtox Castle, the seat and property of William Smith, Esq., is an ancient and massive structure, surmounted by square turrets, and appears to have been, at one time, a very extensive edifice. At a short distance from the castle are the ruins of a chapel, and there appears to have been several other buildings in this neighbourhood. Haughton Castle was formerly possessed by the ancient family of Swinburne, and afterwards by the Widdring- tons, from whom it was purchased by an ancestor of the present proprietor. - Westor Hall, the property and residence of George Smith, Esq., is a handsome stone edifice, erected in 1732. Here are paper mills, which are worked by Messrs. G. Craig & Co. Craig Graham & Co. paper roanufacturerSj Haughton Paper Mills Smith George, Esq., Westor Hall Smith William, Esq., Haughton Castle Farmers Chatto John, Coldwell Kirksopp Thomas, Keeper Shield Kobson Edward, West Stomfold Younger William, Haughton Mains Wilkinson Henry, Haughton Pastures HuMSHAUGH is a chapelry, township, and village in the above parish, con- taining 1,778 acres, the property of Nathaniel Clayton, Esq., William Smith, Esq., George Smith, Esq., Christopher Colbeck, Esq., and others. The rateable value of the township is £2,275 ; it contained in 1801, 207 ; in 1811, 306 ; in 1821, 334 ; in 1831, 381 ; in 184J, 411 ; and in 1851, 446 souls. The land here is principally freehold, and each proprietor claims the manorial rights of his own property. The Village of Humshaugh is pleasantly situated on a rising ground near Chollerford Bridge, five and a quarter miles north by west of Hexham. The Chapel is a neat Gothic structure, erected in 1818, at a cost of £4,000. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron- age of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital; gross income £127. The register of the chapelry commences in 1819. Humshaugh School was established by Miss Clayton, in 1833, and a Library was formed by sub- scription in 1849. Chollerford is a hamlet in this township, situated on the west side of the North Tyne, five miles west by north of Hexham. The river is here crossed by a handsome stone bridge of five arches, w'hich was erected in 1775. Post Office, HuMSHAUGH,Mary Harrison, ^Jostwjsir^ at 4 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 9 a.m. Letters arrive, from Hexham, Allgood Misses Sarah and Margaret Han- nah, Lincoln Hill Baggs Miss Frances Callender S. M. surgeon Carr George, Esq. Humshaugh House Clayton Nathaniel, Esq., Ohesters Coulson Jolm and Thomas, land surveyors, Humshaugh Fell Craig Graham, paper manufactui'er (Gra- ham & Co.), Hatheridge House Craig Mr. John, Hatheridge House Douglas H. butclier 864 « TIKDALE WARD NORTH-WEST DIVISION. Elliott Thomas, shopkeeper Evans Mrs. Marian, Simonburn Cottage E airless Eobert, shopkeeper Golightly Jane, shopkeeper Herdman J., joiner Moore John, shopkeeper Nevin Hannah, vict. Croion Inn Potts Wm. innkeeper and posting-house, Ghollerford Saint William, parish clerk Shield WiUiam Eobson, surgeon Thompson H. blacksmith Varley Thomas, schoolmaster Young Eev. W. B. curate Farmers Charlton William, and miller Douglas and Kichley Eeed Edward Eeed Christopher Eobson John, Waterside Tweddle Isaac SiMONBURN is a township and village, in the parish of the same name, the property of H. Allgood, Esq., John Ridley, Esq., Thomas Ridley, Esq., Henry Thompson, Esq., Michael Thompson, Esq., George Ridley, Esq., and ethers. The township contains 9,410 acres, and its rateable value is £3,646. Population in 1801, 555; in 1811, 498; in 1821, 569; in 1831, 600; in 1841, 500 ; and in 1851, 495 souls. The Village of Simonburn is pleasantly situated nine miles N.N.W. of Hexham. The Parish Church, dedicated to Saint Simon, is an ancient structure, and having undergone a thorough renovation, in 1821, is now in a tolerably perfect condition. It contains several beautiful monuments, and the parish register commences in 1681. The living, a rectoiy, in the arch- deaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Bellingham, is rated at£34 6s. 6d.; gross income £596 ; net income £426. The great tithes were commuted in 1804. Patrons, the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. Rector, the Rev. Meyrick Beebee, M.A. WaUis tells us that in digging a grave near one of the windows in this church, in 1762, a very remarkable skull was found. On the back part of it, there was the figure of a large escallop shell, and at one of the auditories, the figure of a torcular shell, hke a screw. It is much to be regretted that Wallis should have treated this curiosity so slightly. " He does not even say," observes Hutchinson, "whether these impressions were sculptured, or adhesions of petrified matter. In either case, it would have gratified the virtuoso to have had a perfect description. We read of that degree of wantoness and inhumanity, that the skulls of enemies at public festivals, were used for drinking cups. Was this ornamented with sculpture, it would lead to an apprehension that it was once employed in such un- haUovved rites. If these were petrifactions, it would be still more wonderful." Simonburn Castle is situated on an eminence, shaded by tall fir and beech trees, at a short distance west of the village, and was, in ancient times, the property of the Herons of Chipchase, but came subsequently by purchase into the possession of the Allgood family. Nunwick Hall is a fine structure of white freestone, situated on a spacious lawn, half a mile E.N.E. of Simonburn. Hall Barns is a hamlet in this township, half a mile south of Simonburn. Park End is another hamlet situated one mile north of the same place. It is the property of John Ridley, Esq., who resides here in an elegant mansion, which commands an extensive view of the North Tyne, Chipchase Castle, and the surrounding country. SIMONBUEN PAPvISH. 863 At Tecket, near Simonburn, is a cascade overhung by precipices, which appear ready to fall into the rushing stream beneath. Previous to reaching the fall, the water runs on a natural stone pavement for a considerable dis- tance, and in its vicinity there is a grotto or cave, with a stone seat, and at one corner a cavity, which has been by many compared to a cupboard. Having passed the fall, the water disappears under a large rock, and after pursuing a subterraneous course for about a mile and a half, rises in a field near Nunwick Mill, and afterwards falls into the Tyne. Charities. — Giles Heron, in 1679, bequeathed all his property, which pro- duced £800, to nine trustees for the benefit of this parish. He directed £•200 to be appropriated to the school atWark, and the residue to be applied to the poor of Simonburn parish, and the apprenticing of poor children, those of the name of Heron to have the preference. The trustees purchased the Tecket Farm, which, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report produced £180 per annum, of which £45 are applied to the school, and the remainder is distributed in accordance with the intentions of the donor. Wark having formerly been part of the parish of Simonburn, the children and poor of that parish are admitted to the benefit of the charity^ BiOGEAPHT. — The Rev. John Wallis was a native of this county, and having spent a few years in the south of England, became curate of this parish, where he began to cultivate the study of botany, and afterwards wrote a History of Northumberland, which was published in two quarto volumes, in 1769. The first volume contains an account of the plants, minerals, fossils, &c., indigenous to the county, and is considered the most valuable. Some time after having a dispute with his rector, he removed to Haughton, near Darlington, and afterwards to Billingham, near Sockton, where he continued till increasing infirmities obliged him to resign at Midsummer, in 1793. He then removed to the neighbouring village of Norton, where he died in the following August, in the 79th year of his age. George Pickering, a poet of local celebrity, was born here in 1758, and received the rudiments of education at his native place under Mr. Joseph Atkinson, a respectable and successful teacher. He was afterwards a pupil of the Rev. Joseph Harrison, under whose tuition he made rapid progress. In 1776, he became a clerk in Mr. Davidsons's office, at Newcastle, and was soon entrusted with the management of the Stamp Office for that district. While engaged in this situation, he, in conjunction with two fellow- clerks, Thomas Bedingfield and James Ellis, published a volume of poems, some of which are remarkable for their tenderness o'f feeling. But Pickering conld trifle with the idlest at times, and the hoax played upon the Newcastle Courant, in the publication of a Lapland song, was the joint work of him and his colleague Bedingfield. The following is the account given of this affair: — " Sir George H. Liddell and some other gentlemen, having made a voyage to Lapland, in the summer of 1786, and brought with them two female natives of that country, these wits invented a combination of syllables, which had the appearance of poetry, and announced it as a song sung by these natives of Lap- land. This, together with a pretended translation; appeared in the above 866 TINDALE WAED— NORTH- WES'I DIVISION. paper, September 2nd, 1786, and the criticism, with a new translation, on the 21st of October following. Nay, so successful was the trick, that the song was set to music, and the first translation published in a quarto edition of the voyage, and was even copied into some of the London magazines. A happier literary hoax was perhaps never perpetrated." From this time we know little or nothing of Pickering's life, towards the latter part of which he was in very reduced circumstances. He died in July 1826, and was bmied at Lamesley, in the county of Durham. Beebee Kev. Meyrick * Graham Bobert Boyd Mary, shopkeeper Davison James, land agent Dodd John, miller !Forster Thomas, agent Kirsopp Eobert, tailor Maughan John, innkeeper Moor John, butcher Moor Mary, innkeeper Minto John, shopkeeper Ohver Thomas, tailor Bidley John, Esq. Park End Farmers Marked * are yeomen. Bell Mary, Allgood Farm Dodd George, Parkside Moore George, Upper Town Nicholson H. Stoopridge Nixon John, and cattle dealer Pattinson John * Eeed Thomas Bidley John * Bidley Thomas Short John Smith Henry Tate John, Kirkshield * Taylor Thomas, Cuthbert, and John * Taylor William, Sharpley Thompson Joseph Thompson Michael, Fairshaw Thompson WiUiam THORNEYBURN PARISH. Thorneyburn parish is bounded on the east by Bellingham, on the west by Falstone, and extends from the North Tyne along the west side of the Tarset Burn, to the borders of Redesdale. It comprises the townships of West Tarset and Thorneyburn, whose united area is 20,133 acres, and its population in 1801, was 322; in 1811, 363; in 1821, 358; in 1831, 334; in 1841, 359 ; and in 1851, 340 souls. This was formerly included in the extensive parish of Simonburn, from which it was severed by the Act of 51, George III., c. 194. The greater part of this district is wild and mountainous, yet it affords good pasturage for sheep and cattle. Tarset (West) is a township containing twenty-six scattered houses, which are situated between two branches of the Tarset Burn, and are sheltered by the lofty hills of Comb Fell, Great Dodd, and Heslop Crag. It contains 17,408 acres, and the rateable value is £2,214 3s. 3d. The tithes were commuted in 1839 ; aggregate amount £113 10s. 7d. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 159; in 1811, 207; in 1821, 169; in 1831, 149; in 1841, 173; and in 1851, 173 souls. Directory. — The farmers are Simon Dodd, Blackmiddings ; WiUiam Famelton, Gleedlee ; John Potts, Redheugh ; James Scott, Shipley Shields ; and Simon Telfer, Newbiggin. Thorneyburn is a township giving name to the parish in which it is situated, and comprising an area of 2,725 acres. Its rateable value is £1,131, and its population in 1801, was 163 ; in 1811, 156 ; in 1821, 189 ; WARDEN PAEtsa. 867 in 1831, 185 ; in 1841, 186 ; and in 1851, 167 souls. It contains tliirty- six scattered houses, and is situated five miles W.N.W. of Bellingbam. The Parish Church is a neat stone edifice, in the Gothic stjie, erected in 1818, at a cost of £4,000, by the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, the patrons of the li\dng, which is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Northumber- land and deanery of Bellingbam, and incumbency of the Rev. George Richards, M.A., for whom the Rev. Thomas Surridge, LL.D., officiates. The benefice is rated at £4 5s., gross income £120. Tithes commuted in 1839; aggregate amount £50 17s. ll|-d. The parish register commences in 1819. The church stands in the field formerly called Draper Croft, and in its vicinity an elegant rectory has been erected. The North Tyne is crossed here by a neat " Iron Foot Bridge," which was erected by subscription in 1 854, at an expense of £170, and connects the parishes of Greystead and Thorn eyburn. DoNKLEY Wood is a hamlet in this township, on the north side of the North Tyne, five miles west by north of Bellingbam. Gibson Joseph, surgeon, Hill House Newton Frederick and Forster, travelling drapers, Mount Pleasant Turnbull James, shopkeeper Turnhull John, dogger. Mount Pleasant Farmers Dodd Edward, High Stokoe Elhott James, Kushend EUiott Wilham, Old Hall Caeeier. — To Bewick, in Scotland, James Turnhull, on Tuesdays. Hall P-ohert, Bewick, Thorneyburn Hedley Ephraim, Boat-hill Hedley Eobert, Craig House Parker Robert, Camp Cottage Robson Thomas, yeoman, Low Thorneybura Telfer Adam, Donkley Wood Telfer Thomas, Donkley Wood Temple Thomas, Gray's Gate Wilkinson George, Low Stokoe WARDEN PARISH. Warden is a parish, with no dependant townships, but it formerly included the present parochial chapelries of Haydon Bridge and Newbrough, with their respective townships. It comprises an area of 3,122 acres, and its rateable value is £4,455 10s. The population in 1801, was 349; in 1811, 396; in 1821,498; in 1831, 540; in 1841, 532; and in 1851, 646 souls. The soil in this neighbourhood is generally fertile, and the scenery diversified and beautiful. Coal and limestone are found here in considera,ble quantities, and at Fourstones there are collieries and limekilns, w^hich are extensively worked by Mr. William Benson, of Allerwash House. At West Boat there is an elegant suspension bridge, which was erected in 1826, at a cost of £5,000. The principal landowners in this parish are Nathaniel Clayton, Esq., John Errington, Esq., and the Duke of Northumberland, each of whom claims the manorial rights of his own property. Warden was formerly the lordship of Anthony, Lord Lucy, of Cockermouth, for which, in the reign of Edward II., he obtained a grant of the liberty of free warren, with other manors in this county. He died in 1344, leaving the manor to Thomas, Lord Lucy, in whose family it continued for many generations. The Village of Warden occupies a delightful situation, near the jui)ction 3 G 2 868 TINDALE WAED NOETH-WEST DIVISION. of the North and South Tyne, two miles N.N.W. of Hexham, and is remark- able as being a favourite retreat of St. John, of Beverle}'-, twelve centuries ago. From the neighbourhood of the church a variety of beautiful and picturesque views of the vale of the North Tyne may be obtained, and the rural seats which have been erected at the most commanding points, add much to the 'enjoj^ment of the surrounding scenery. The Church; dedicated to St. Michael, is a cruciform stone structure of considerable antiquity, in the early English style of ai'chitecture, and was almost entirely rebuilt in 1765. It possesses several mural tablets to the memory of different individuals, and three excellent stained glass windows, on one of which the principal events in the life of our Blessed Saviour are represented. In the church-yard there is an ancient Roman altar bearing a figure supposed to rej^resent Victory, and a small stone coffin, which is said to have been found during the repairs of the church at the period above-mentioned. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Hexham, valued in the Liber Regis at £8 16s. 3d.; gross income £565. Patron, W. B. Beaumont, Esq.; incumbent, the Rev. Christopher Bird, M, A., vicar of ChoUerton ; Rev. Christopher Bird,jun., B.A., curate. The parish register commences in 1695. The Primitive Methodists have a small chapel here which was built in 1851. The School was erected by subscription in 1820, and is conducted by Mr. J. G. Wylie. High Warden is a hamlet in this parish, situated about half sl mile north of the church. On the eminence called Castle Hill is an ancient fort, including an area of more than two acres, and was formerly surrounded by a rampart of unhewn stone, which was further strengthened by ramparts of earth, with their corresponding ditches. The entrance to this fortification appears to have been on the east, and the approach to it was flanked by stone ramparts. The remains of buildings may yet be distinctly traced within the lines, where several hand-mills, or querns, have been dis- covered. This camp commands an extensive view of the North and South Tyne, and all the principal villages and buildings up both these rivers may be distinctly perceived. Behind the vicarage house at Warden are the traces of another military station, called also the Castle Hill. FouRSTONES is another hamlet, two miles north-west of Warden, where there is a station on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. The name of this place is said to have been derived " from its being bounded by four stones, supposed to have been formed to hold holy water." But other accounts say that these stones were Roman altars, and that there is a story current in the neighbour- hood, that one of them was called the " Fairy Stone," because in the rebellion of 1715, the focus of this altar was formed into a square recess, with a cover, to receive the correspondence of the rebel chiefs, aud that a little boy clad in green came in the twilight of every evening to carry away the letters left in it for Lord Derwentwater, and deposit his answers, which w^ere " spirited" away in a similar manner by the agency of some of his friends. Charities. — The poor of this parish possess two bequests, one of which was left in 1680, by Ursula Mountney, and consists of a rent charge of £3 HAYDON PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. 869 per annum ; the otlier was bequeathed by some unknown person, and amounts to £1 yearly. Bambrough Sarah, shopkeeper, Fourstones Benson Wilham, coal owner, hme burner, and drain-tile manufacturer, Fourstones ; ho. Allerwash House Bird Eev. Christopher, jun. B.A. Yicarage Corbett Joseph, blacksmith & shopkeeper, Fourstones Davidson Thomas, beerhouse keeper and butcher Elliott Kobert, tailor, Fourstones Park English John, corn miller Errington John, Esq., magistrate, High Warden Ferguson John, shopkeeper, Fourstones Fordyce Thomas, paper manufacturer Heads John, vict. Victoria, Fourstones Leadbitter Nicholas, Esq. Nelson & Co. quarry owners, Prudham Quariy, Thomas McDonald, manager Eatlway Station, Fourstones, Francis Ferguson, station master ■Ridley John, Esq. Y/alwick Hall Eobson Eobert, shoemaker, Fourstones Short Joseph, blacksmith, Walwick TurnbuU John, shopkeeper & shoemaker Wyhe Jonathan Cockerill, schoolmaster Farmers Bell John, Walwick Colbeck Christopher, Walwick Grange Cutter Paul Errington John, Park Shields He'^lop Ann, Pligh Warden Hesl op William, Fourstones Hutchinson Edward Stephenson Marshall, Fourstones Thompson John HAYDON PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. Hatdon parochial chapehy, the property of the Commissioners of Green- wich Hospital, and others, is divided for highway purposes into the quarters or divisions of Brokeuheugh, Deanraw, Eilerington, andLipwood. It contains J 3,688 acres, and its rateable value is £14,106. The number of its inhabi- tants in 1801, w^as 1,084 ; in 1811,1,347; in 1821, 1,574 ; in 1831 , 1,746 ; in 1841, 1,908; and in 1851, 2,085 souls. The manor of Haydon was formerly the property of Anthony, Lord Lucy, of Cockermouth, who, in 1344, obtained a charter from Edward III., in which permission was granted to hold a w^eekly market here on Tuesdays, and an annual fair on the feast of St. Mary Magdalen, and the three following days, but these privileges have long been disused. This chapelry is intersected by the Newcastle and Car- lisle Railway, which has a station here, near to which are the Haydon Bridge Iron Works, established in 1843, and extensively carried on by Messrs. Coultas Dodsworth and Co. There are also mills for the smelting of lead ore, at Langley, worked by Messrs. Shield and Co., and at Grindon Hill, a Lead Mining Company has been recently formed. On Ellfoot Hill, a cist- vaen, containing some ashes, was discovered by Mr. Thomas Pickering in 1851, and several ancient silver coins were latelv found in an adjoining field. The Village of Haydon Bridge lies on both sides of the Tyne, which is here crossed by a handsome stone bridge of six arches, six miles west by south of Hexham. The Chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, is a substantial stone edifice, with a square tower, erected in 1797. The living is a curacy, in the presentation of W. B. Beaumont, Esq. Rev. George Richmond, curate. The tithes were commuted in 1839, aggregate amount, i;700 ICs 7d. ^70 TINDALE WAR!)— NORTH-WEST t)IVlSTOK. impropriate, and £349 10s. 5|-d. yicarial. The register of the chapehy com- mences in 1654. The Independent Chapel was erected in 1818, but having become too small, efforts are now being made to erect a new one. Eev. G-eorge Swan, minister. The Presbyterian Chapel, Moss Kennell, was erected by subscription in 184] . The Primitive Methodists have a small place of worship here, and the Wesleyan Reformers have two chapels, one at Hay don Bridge, and the other, a small stone edifice, erected in 1849, near Laugley Mills. Hatdon Bridge Grammar School was founded by deed of the Eev. J. Shaftoe, in 1685, and regulated by acts of parliament, 25 Geo. III., and 59 Geo. III. It is governed by seven trustees, who have the right of appointing land removing the master and usher, the former of whom must be master of arts and a clergyman in priest's orders, and must perform service in Haydon Bridge Chapel. The usher must be approved of by the minister of Warden. The instruction prescribed by the founder embraces gram- mar and classical learning, writing, arithmetic, geography, navigation, and mathematics, and such other literature as the trustees should think proper. By the Act 25th Geo. III., a girl's school was engrafted on the original foundation, for teaching girls reading, writing, arithmetic, knitting, working, and other necessary education. It is free to boys and young men, and girls born or resident in the chapelry of Haydon, or at AVoodshields, in the cha- pelry of Newbrough. The income of the school, at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report, was £455 per annum. Principal, the Ptev. George Richmond, There are also two other schools in this chapelry, one at Dean Haw, erected by the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, in 185.2, the other at Grindon was erected by subscription. They receive £20 each per annum from the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, and the trustees of Shaftoe's charity. Haydon Bridge possesses a Library and Newsroom, which were established by subscription in 1836. Charity. — In addition to the Grammar School, Mr. Shaftoe founded^and en- dowed almshouses for twenty poor persons born in the chapelry, each of whom receives three shillings and sixpence per week, with a supply of coals. The alms-people are appointed by the trustees, who select such aged and infirm men or women of the chapelry as appear to be proper objects of the charity. Brokenheugh, a hamlet in this chapelry, is situated five miles W.N.W. of Hexham. Chesterwood is also a hamlet in Lipwood Quarter, seven and a half miles north of Hexham. Deanraw quarter contains several small hamlets, and a number of scattered houses on the east side of the Allen, eight miles west of Hexham. The banks of the Allen in this neighbourhood are very beautiful, and the crumbhng walls and broken gateway of Staward-le-Peel, cause the mind to revert to the Friars Eremites of Hexham, its former possessors. Ellertngton quarter is situated four and a quarter miles west of Hexham. The Hall is the property of the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, and is occupied by Mr. William Lambert, whose family has resided here for the last eighty years. HATDON PAEOCHIAL CHAPELRT. 871 Langley is a village and manor, in Ha3"don cliapelry, two miles soutli-west of Haydon Bridge. Here are extensive mills for smelting lead ore, which are extensively carried on by Messrs. Shield and Co, Langley Castle, the ancient seat of the Barons of Tindale, is now in ruins. In the reign of Henry I., it was held by Adam de Tindale, by the service of one knight's fee, and it was afterwards transferred by marriage to the De Bolteby family, passing from them in a similar manner to Thomas de Multon, who subsequently assumed the name and arms of Lucy. His son, Thomas, enjoyed this manor after his mother's death, and on his demise it passed to his son Anthony. Lord Lucy, who, in 1323, seized, by order of Edward II., Andrew de Herkley, Earl and governor of Carlisle, for treason, in the castle of that city, for which important service he was made governor of the castles of Carlisle, Appleby, and Egremont, and, in the following- year, obtained a grant in fee of the castle and honour of Cockermouth, for which, as also for this manor, he pro- cured the privilege of free warren. He died possessed of this manor and castle, and was succeeded by his son Thomas, who in his turn was succeeded by his son Anthony, who dying without male issue, the estate was inherited by his daughter Joan, but she d}dng at an early age, it came into the posses- sion of her aunt, Matilda, who was the wife Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus, and she surviving him, was afterwards married to Henry Percy, Earl of Northumbeiland, in whose family it continued till the reign of Edward IV., when, on the attainder of Henry, Earl of Northumberland, it became the pro- perty of John Neville, ]\Iarquis of Montacute, who possessed it for six years, and then resigned it to Sir Henry Percy, Lord Poynings. It afterwards became the property of the Eadcliffes, of Dilston, and gave the title of Vis- count and Baron Langley, to Sir Francis Piadcliffe, who was created Earl of Derwentwater, by James II., in 1668. On the attainder of the last Earl, it was given to the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, the present proprietors. LipwooD, a hamlet in this chapelry, is situated one mile and a half west of Haydon Bridge. Plendor Heath is another hamlet, five miles N.N W. of Hexham. Walwick is a small hamlet, built, as its name imports, on the Roman Wall, four and a half miles north by west of Hexham. In the neighbourhood of Walwick Grange, many remains of antiquity have been discovered. Wal- wick Chesters, the Cilurnum of the Notitia, is situated about a mile north of Walwick Grange. A full description of this station as well as of that of Procolita, now Carrow, will be found under the head " Roman Remains,'" in the Introductory Review. Biography. — The Rev. John Rotherham, rector of Hough ton-le- Spring, in the county of Durham, was a na'tive of Haydon Bridge, and having received the rudiments of education from his father, who was head master of the grammar school in that village, he entered Queen's College, Oxford, in 1745. He shortly afterwards went to Barbadoes, and during his residence there, w^'ote a work bearing the title of " The Force of the Argument for the Truth of Christianity, drawn from a collective view of prophecy." His next work 8:73) TINDALE WABD — NORTH-WEST DIVISION. was *' A sketcli of the one great Argument, formed from the general concur- ring Evidence for the truth of Christianity." In 1757, Mr. Rotherham, returned to England, and in the following year became curate of Tottenham, High Cross. In 1759, he published his " Apology for the Athanasian Creed." In 1766, appeared his most admired vfork, " An Essay on Faith, and its con- nexion witli Good Works." This obtained for him the patronage of the Archbishop of York, who recommended him to the Bishop of Durham, from whom he received the rectory of Ryton, and afterwards the valuable living of Houghton-le-Spring. He was attacked with palsy, while on a visit to his friend. Dr. Sharp, at Bambrough Castle, and died on the 16th of July, 1789. John ]\Iartin, Esq., the celebrated historical painter, was educated at Haydon Bridge Grammar School. He died in the Isle of Man, on the 17th of February, 1854. Post Office, Haydon Bridge, William Walton, postmaster. Letters arrive from Carlisle, at 7-30 a.m.; from London, Newcastle, and Gateshead at 11-10 a.m.; from Allen- dale, Whitfield, and Alston at 11-30 a.m. ; from CarUsle and the west at 4-20 p.m. ; and from London, Newcastle, Gateshead, and Carlisle, at 7-30 p.m. They are despatched to Haltwhistle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and the west, at 11-20 a.m.; to Allendale, Whitfield, and Alston, at 12-20 noon ; to Carlisle, at 2 p.m.; to London, Newcastle, Gateshead, &c., at 3-30 iJ-m.; and to London, Newcastle, Gateshead, and Carlisle, at 7-15 p.m. The box closes half an hour pre^dous to each despatch. Anderson Cowen, cart proprietor, West Haydon Cunningham Henry, gardener Davidson Jane, dressmaker Davison Miss Dorothy Dodsworth Coultas, ironfounder, &c. (C. J)odsworth and Co.) Tofts House Eltringham Rev. • Eshton Captain WilUam, Chesterwood Fairlamb Mr. John Glenwright i\Iary, dressmaker LiBiiARY AND News Eoom, W. Armstrong, librarian Nixon William Richard, Chester Grange Pickering Mr. Thomas, Bank Cottage Pollard Mr. William Race Rev. James Reed Mrs. Jane, Haydon Lodge Richmond Rev. George Ridley Ralph, rake,scythe-handle,and gen- eral shaft maker Robson James, ironfounder. Sec. (C. Dods- worth and Co.) Routledge Mrs. Jane, Croft Cottage Smith William, ironfounder, Arc. (C. Dods- worth and Co.) Sparke Mr. Jonathan, Geeswood House Sparke John T. clerk. White House Swann Rev. George William White Mrs. Elizabeth, High Bank House Wilkinson Thomas, flour dealer Winter Matthew, lead agent Academies and Schools Dean Raw, James Davison, teacher Grammar (Free), Rev. George Richmond, Walter Johnson, and Stephen Watson, teachers Grammar (Girls), AnnLawrey & Frances Johnston, teachers Grindon, Adam Cranston, teacher Attorneys Appedaile Thomas Hutchin- son, Bank House Lowes John, Hill House Boot and Shoemakers Annstrong Robert Irving William, and clog Mitchell Nicholas Mitchell Robert Philipson John, and clog Potts William Reay Joshua Urwin Thomas Blacksmiths Brown John Charlton Thos. Elleriugton Corbett Joseph Coulson John & Son, Water House Rowell William Wray George Butchers Armstrong Wm. Branchend ! Graham John ! Lambert John } Rutherford Alexander, Water House Coach Builder Hetlifringto'n Matthew HAYDON PAROCHIAL CHAPELEY. 874 Farmers & Graziers Armstrong Samuel, Branchend Armstrong Thomas, Mill Hills Arthur George, Treepwood Awburn John, Lipwood Well Bell James, Lough Green Bell Robert, Sillywrae BeU William, Harlow Hill Benson John, Grindon Hill Bewick James, Whinnetley Bewick John, Prior House Coats John, Middle Lipwood Cowing Anthony, High IMorley Cowing George, Low Hall Cowing Ealph, Low Morley Dawson John, Tedcastle Dickinson Henry, Cruel Syke Dickinson John, Hill House Dickinson John, Sillywrea Dickinson William, Staward 'Drydon John, and. yeoman, Middle Dean Raw Drydon Thomas, Moss Kennell Errington Thomas. Sewing Shields Eshton Wm. jun. & yeoman, Chesterwood Fairlamb John Edward, and yeoman Forster William, and miller, Vfood Hall Harle John, West Mill Hills Henderson Ann, East Lane Ends Henderson Robert, East Ellerington Hetherington Matthew, Esp Hill Howden William, Haydon Hutchinson Thomas, Wood Hall Johnson Joseph, Plankey Lambert John, and assistant overseer for Haydon Chapelry Lambert William, Ellerington Hall Langhorn George, East Brokenheugh Langhoru John, East Mill Hill Lee George, & yeoman, West Land Ends Ord James, and yeoman and road surveyor, Chesterwood Pickering Thomas, EUfoot House Pigg Roger, Vauce Pigg Thomas, East Dean Raw Ridley Matthew, Peelwell Shield Robert, Stublick Telford George, Cubstock Watson Thomas, Lees White Thomas, Harsondale Woodman John, jun. Grindon Woodman Robert, Langley Castle Woodman William, White Chapel Grocers and Dealers in Sundries Armstrong Edward Armstrong Joseph Barr Hugh Benson Septimus George Dunning Jane, Langley Mills Forster William Hailes Matthew Lambert Ann Makepiece Francis Oliver Edward Parker Joseph Pattinson J ohn Short John Simms Joseph Thompson Anthony Turbul Mabel Wray Thomas Hotels and Inns Anchor, Matthew Hethering- ton, & Posting House Black Bull, Margt. Robson Cartsbogg, George Robinson Grey Bull, Joseph Corbett NelsonEidge,l^mM.Q.i\Xn^orx Scotch Anns, Wm. Pearson Water House, Alexander Rutherford Wheat Sheaf, Ann Waugh Beerhouse s Armstrong Edward Graham John Ironfounders Dodsworth C. & Co. Haydon Bridge Iron Works Joiners Gibson Daniel, & cartwright Potts John, & builder Temperley Ralph, & builder Lead Merchants Geindon Hall Lead Min- ing Company Shield Robert & Co, Langley Mills, John Dinning, managing partner Masons and Contractors Davison Richard Dickinson Henry, Cruel Syke Howden William, Haydon Millwrights Benson Septimus George Brown Henry Dodsworth C. & Co. and en- gineers, Haydon Bridge Iron Works Saddlers Cowing Matthew Lee George Walton William, & ironmon- ger Surgeons Coats Thomas ElHott Robert Tailors and Drapers Armstrong Edward Armstrong Robert Hailes Mattliew Oliver Edward TurnbuU Thomas Walker Georsre Conveyance. — Mail Gig to Allen Town and AUenheads, daily, at 1.2-30 p.m. Carrier. — John Shield, to Allendale, AUenheads, &c., on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and to Weardle on Saturdays. 874 TINDAI^E WABD— KOETH-'^TEST DIVISION, NEWBEOUGH PAEOCHIAL CHAPELRY. Newbeough is a chapeliy, township, and village, the property of the Com- missioners of Greenwich Hospital, the Duke of Northumberland, Mrs. Wastell, Nicholas Todd, Esq., Nicholas Maughan, Esq., and the Eev. John Frederick Bigge, each of whom claims the manorial rights and privileges of his own property. This chapelry acknowledges Warden as the mother church. The township comprises an area of G,705 acres, and its rateable value is £4,940. Population in 1801, 429; in 1811, 464; in 1821, 451; in 1831, 494; in 1841, 547 ; and in 1851, 551 souls. There are two extensive lead mines in this chapelry, one situated at Setthng Stones, worked by Messrs. Hall ; and the other at Stonecroft, carried on under the name of the Stone- croft Lead Mine Company, was established in 1851, on the property of Nicholas Todd, Esq. The Village of Newbrough is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Tyne, four and three-quarter miles north-west by north of Hexham. The Chapel, dedicated to St. Peter, is a neat stone edifice, with a square tower, and stands a short distance west of the village. The register of this chapelry is kept with that of Warden. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the pre- sentation of the Yicar of Warden, and incumbency of the Rev. Christopher Bird, junr., B.A. There was a school erected here by subscription, in 1818, upon the property of the late Rev. Henry WasteU, but the site not having been conveyed into the hands of trustees, his family have since resumed the grant. In 1853, another school was erected by subscription and a grant from the Committee of Council on Education, on land east of the village, granted by the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. Newbrough Reading Roo:\i AND Mutual I:,ipeovemekt Society, was established in 1849. The build- ing in which the meetings of this society have been held, having become too small for the increasing number of members, they are now (1854) erecting a more suitable one, on a site generously given by the Rev. J. F. Bigge, of Stamfordham. Alleewash is a hamlet in this chapelry, situated on the South Tyne, four and three-quarter miles W.N.W. of Hexham. Bush is another hamlet, four miles W.N.W. of the same place. Woodshields is also a hamlet, situated two and a quarter miles E.N.E. of Haydon Bridge. Post Office, Newbeough, A.nn Carr, postmistress. Letters arrive here, from Hexham, at 4 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 8 a.m. Benson William, coal proprietor, &c. Aller- wash House ; works, Fourstones Bell Christopher, mason Charlton George, shoemaker Charlton Thomas, cartwright Corbett Thomas, blacksmith Conlson Gustavus H. Esq. Cranston Margaret, schoolmistress Forster Charles, schoolmaster Forster Joseph, shopkeeper Hetherington John, shoemaker Hindmarsh Edward, shopkeeper Hindmarsh John & Thomas, millers Middleton Miss Janet Maria Nicholson John, shopkeeper Parker Thomas, cart proprietor, Stonecroft Stokoe Ann, beerhouse, Allerwash Surtees George, joiner Surtees Eichard, vict. Red Lion, & butcher Welch Gilbert, cart proprietor, Stonecroft WAEK PARISH. 875 Farmers Dickinson William, East Wharmley Fairless William Gibson George, The Bush IMagnay Charles, Settlingstones Eeed Eobert Bidley George Caeriee to Newcastle, Edward Hindmarsb on Wednesdays. Eobson Matthew, Allerwash Snowball Cuthbert, yeoman, West Wharm- ley Temperley Eobert, West AUerwash Thompson Thomas, Carrow Todd Nicholas, yeoman, Stonecroft WARK PARISH. Waek parish comprises tlie townships of Shitlington (High) Quarter, Shit- liiigton (Low) Quarter, Wark, and Warksburn, which were formerly a portion of the extensive parish of Simonburn, from which they were severed and made into a distinct parish, by the act of 51 Geo. III. cap. 194. It comprises an area of 22,986 acres, and its popnlation in 1801, was 728; in 1811, 783 ; in 1821, 866; in 1831, 861; in 1841, 940; and in 1851, 865 souls. There are traces of numerous encampments in various parts of this district. The Raven's Crag, so called from its being the solitary and secure retreat of that bird, is a steep range of freestone rocks, situated at the southern extremity of the parish. At the west end of these lofty crags, there is a fine spring over- shadowed by a natural arch, and in its vicinity, are broken masses of rock lying in the wildest disorder. Shitlington (High) is a township in this parish, situated three miles west of Wark. It is the property of H. AUgood, Esq. and W. H. Charlton, Esq., the former of whom is lord of the manor. It contains 8,755 acres, and its rateable value is £1,326. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 80 ; in 1811, 99; in 1821, 104 ; in 1831, 108; in 1841, 106; and in 1851, 88 souls. Farmers Armstrong James, High Bridge Charlton Christopher, High Bridge Clark Eoger, Blackburn Dodd Archibald Hedley John, Hindridge Millburn Joseph, Barneystead Mole Joseph, Stone House Thompson Henry Thomas, yeoman, Water- gate Dodd Joseph ' Wilkinson John, Barneystead Shitlington (Low) is a township, the property of H. Allgood, Esq., who is also the lord of the manor. It is situated about two and a half miles west by north of Wark, comprises 1,146 acres, and its rateable value is £723. The population in 1801, was 91 ; in 1811, 93 ; in 1821, 105 ; in 1831, 58 ; in 1841, 72 ; and in 1851, 77 souls. Coal is very abundant in this township and neighbourhood. Here are tile works carried on by Mr. I'rancis Renwick. Shitlington Hall, formerly the seat of the Allgood family, is now occu- pied by Mr. Christopher Dixon. Directory. — The farmers are Michael Atkinson, Shielafield ; John Dodd, Brown's Leases ; George Moor, and corn miller ; Christopher Nixon, yeoman, Shitlington Hall and Craig ; and Arthur Storey, l^illerley. Wark is a township and village in the parish of the same name, the pro- perty of L. J. H. Allgood, Esq., John Ridley, Esq., and W. H- Charlton, Esq. 3 H 876 TINDALE WARD— NOKTH- WEST DIVISION. The Duke of Northumberland is lord of the manor. The townsliip con- tains 3,160 acres, its rateable value is £1,686 15s, and the number of inhabi- tants in 1801, was 304; in 1811, 319; in 1821, 367; in 1H31, 417; in 1841, 490 ; and in 1851, 483 souls. Here are a colliery and tile works. The manor of Wark was possessed by the Crown in the reign of Queen Eliza- beth, and was grauted by her successor James I., in 1603, to the Earl of Suffolk, but it subsequently became the property of the Eadcliffe family, and on the attainder of the Earl of Derwentwater, it was given to the Com- missioners of Greenwich Hospital, and is now possessed by the above-men- tioned proprietors. The Tillage of Waek occupies a low situation on the west side of the Tyne, about two and a half miles north of Simonburn. It is very ancient, but contains a number of good houses. The Chuech, a handsome Gothic structure with a square tower, was founded in 1815, and opened for service in 1818. The total expense of its erection, inclusive of the Kectory, was £7,410 17s., exclusive of the cost of the site. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry of Xorthumberland and deanery of Bellingham, gross income £283. The patronage is vested in the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, and the Rev. John Marshall, M.A., is rector. The parish register com- mences in 1818. The Presbyteeian Chapel was erected in 1848, at a cost of £200 ; Rev. Mr. Wrightson, minister. The Grammae School was founded by the will of Giles Heron, in 1679. The governors are the minister of Simonburn and nine trustees, who have the right of appointing the master, who must be approved of by the Bishop of Durham, It is free to the children of the inhabitants of the ancient parish of Simonburn, and of Chipchase, Birtley, and Birtley Shields, in the parish of Chollerton. The income is derived from rent, and at the time of the Charity Commissioners' report amounted to £45 per annum. In connexion with the Presbyterian Church is a school conducted by Mr. John Cuthbertson. In 1787, a tumulus and two urns containing human bones, were discovered north of the village. The tumulus contained a stone coffin, formed of six slab stones, and having two large stones upon the lid, as if to fasten it down. As some workmen w^ere levelling the ground in front of a building in this village, in the year 1804, they discovered a row of hewn stones, and on pro- ceeding further came to a room thirty feet square, the walls of which were eight feet thick. It was fourteen feet deep and appeared to have had no out- let, as neither doors nor windows were visible. Four courses of stones on the outside, near the bottom, w^ere composed of ashlar work, from which it would seem that it had not been connected with any other bunding under ground. The stones had the appearance of being burnt. Near Wark, and close by the river, is an eminence, called Moat Hill, which was formerly crowned by a tower belonging to the Eadcliffe family, but was subsequently used as a guard fort, and as an observatory for watching the motions of enemies. Half a mile north of Wark, near the place called Kirkfield, there formerly stood a church whose ruins are still visible, and from their magnitude we may conclude that the edifice to which they belonged was, at one time, of considerable extent. WARE PARISH. 877 Charities. — The poor share the charities of the parish of Simonburn, which see. Martin Thomas, cooper Marshall Eev. John, rector Pearson William, blacksmith PhiUpson William, contractor, Northum- berland House and Eichardson George, saddler Eidley George, Esq. Eobson John Edward, brewer, Wark Brewery Sharp Ann, straw hat maker Thompson Misses Frances and Jane TurnbuU William, blacksmith Inns Armstrong William, surgeon Baty John, slater Cutiibertson John, schoolmaster Dodd Thomas, Esq. JDodd John, tailor Dixon Edward, general merchant commission agent. Gold Island EUiott John, cartwright Eorster James, tailor and grocer Grierson Mr. John, Battle Steads Heslop Wilham, mason Lamb William, tailor Boot and Shoemakers Da\'idson Eobert Dodd Thomas Landerdale Wilham swell Thomas Scott John Vitch George Farmers Marked * are Yeomen Maughan Edward, Kirkfield Nixon George Eobson James, Moat Hill Careiees. — To Newcastle, on Thursday and Friday. ♦Storey Arthur * Thompson Edward, Pasture House Grocers & Dealers in Sundries Charlton John, and draper Charlton George Dodd Gilbert Fairlamb Ealph Forster Thomas Nixon Eobert Smith Ehzabeth Tuhp Ehzabeth Edward Moor, on Thursday. Blach Bull, W. Breckons Black Horse, Christopher Breckons Greij Ball, Thomas Storey Highland Drover, E. C. Pigg Joiners Jamieson Edward Kirk Matthew Philipson John, & builder To Hexham, Gilbert Dodd, Warkseurn township is the property of John Ridley, Esq., and H. Allgood, Esq. It extends along both sides of the Wark rivulet, from three-quarters of a mile to five miles west of Wark, and comprises an area of 9,925 acres. The rateable value is £3,142, and it contained in 1801, 253 ; in 1811, 272 ; in 1821, 290 ; in 1831, 278 ; in 1841, 272; and in 1851, 217 inhabitants. W. B. Beaumont, Esq , is lord of the manor. Rose's Bower is a hamlet in this township, occupying a romantic position on the brink of lofty precipices, in the vicinity of which the Wark forms a small cascade, and adds much to the beauty of the scene. In this neighbourhood is a mineral spring, whose waters are said to be very efficacious in cases of agues, gravel, and other obstructions. Latterford is another hamlet situated one mile south of the village of Wark. Eobson John, corn miller Farmers Marked * are Yeomeu Armstrong John, Craig Shield Bell Joseph, Mortley Bell Jacob. Eaven's Clough ♦Benson Wilham, Linacres Brougham William, Woolley Bog Charlton Cuthbert, Longlee Little Jane, West Quay-gate Mole Joseph, Hole House , Nixon Joseph, High Eose's Bower * Nixon Eobert Eobson Henry, Cold Coates Eobson William, W^est Quay-gate Smith Eichard, Woodley Snowball George, Low Stead ♦Thompson Jane, Burnmoor Thompson John, Goftou ♦Thompson John, Nether Eose's Bower ♦Thompson John, Gofton Eield Head ♦Thompson John, Ash ♦Usher John, Hetheringtou Usher John, Latterford 878 TINDALE WARD— WEST DIVISION. TINDALE WAKD.— WEST DIVISION. HiVLTWHISTLE PARISH. Haltwhistle parisli comprises the townships of Bellister, Blenkinsopp, Coanwood (East), Featlierstone, Haltwhistle, Hartley Burn, Henshaw, Melk- ridge, Plainmeller, Ridley, Thiiiwall, Thorngrafton, and Wall Town. It is bounded on the north by the wastes of North Tindale, on the west by Cumber- land, on the south by the parishes of Kirkhaugh and Lamesley, and on the east by those of Wark, Simonburn, Warden, and Whitfield. It is about twelve miles in length, by the same in breadth, and contains an area of 55,229 acres. The population in 1801, was 2,930 ; in 1811, 3,335 ; in 1821, 3,583; in 1831, 4,119; in 1841, 4,655 ; and in 1851, 5,379 souls. The Newcastle and Carlisle Railway passes through the parish, and has stations at Haltwhistle, Bardon Mill, and Greenhead. Coal is abundant in this district, and is extensively worked at Hartley Burn, Midgeholme, Barcombe, More- wood, and Birkshaw ; there are also several stone quarries. The South Tyne intersects this extensive parish from Featlierstone Castle to the mouth of the river Allen, and is crossed by a good bridge at Haltwhistle, and by another at Featlierstone, about three miles above the town. The banks of the South Tyne, for an extent of ten miles, present some of the most beautiful and picturesque sceneiy in this part of England. Several pleasing views may also be obtained in the vale of the Tippal, which extends from the Glenwhelt to the Tyne, and the scenes on the Allen, though rather circumscribed, are peculiarly romantic, exhibiting beautiful curvatures formed by the serpentine course of the stream, vrhich is bounded by rocks, and overhung with woods. A great portion of this district consists of extensive moors, which form a striking contrast with its rich haughs and cultivated lands. THE TOWN OF HALTWHISTLE. Haltwhistle is a township and market-town in the parish of the same name, the property of John Clayton, Esq., Dixon Dixon, Esq., and Colonel Coulson. Robert Bower, Esq., and Miss Charlotte Heron are the possessors of the manorial rights and privileges. The township contains 2,759 acres, and its rateable value is £4,117. Population in 1801, 453 ; in 1811, 751 ; in 1821, 707 ; in 1831, 1,018 ; in 1841, 984 ; and in 1851, in consequence of the formation of a railway, and the enclosure of common land, it had attained to 1,420 souls. The Town of Haltwhistle is pleasantly situated on an eminence, on the north side of the South Tyne, fifteen miles west of Hexham, and 315 N.N.W. of London. It is but indifferently built, but there are here two turreted buildings, and at the east end of the town is an eminence called Castle Banks, which is of an oval form, and has a fine spring in the centre. At the east THE TOWN OF HALTWHISTLE. 879 and west ends there are four distinct terraces raised one above the other ; the summit of the hill is defended by a breastwork of earth, and on the sonth bj an inaccessible precipice rising p.bruptly from the river, and forming a kind of amphitheatre. The ancient Roman fort, Vvhitchester, is situated near the river, and is defended on three sicTes by steep and rugged glens. Haltwhistle is one of the polling places for the southern division of the county. Various trades are carried on here, but the only manufacture is a coarse kind of baize. A market was granted to this town by King John, in the year 1970. The market day is Tuesday, and fairs, chiefly for horned cattle, horses and sheep, linen, woollen, and Scotch cloth, are held on the 14th May, the 17th September, and the 22nd November. Hirings for servants take place on the 12th May and the 11th November. This town was plundered by some Scottish outlaws in the year 1598, for which they were severly punished by the Lord Warden of the Middle Marches. The following is the Lord Warden's account of the affair, " The first thing they, (the outlaws) did, was the taking of Haltwesell, and carrying away of prisoners, and all their goods. I sent to seek justice for so great a wrong. The opposite officer sent me word it was not in his power, for that they were all fugitives, and not answerable to the King's laws. I acquainted the King of Scots with this answer. He signified to me that it was true, and that if I could take my own revenge without hurting his honest subjects, he would be glad of it. I took no long time to resolve what to do, but sent some two hundred horse to the place where the principal outlaws lived, and took and brought away all the goods they had. The outlaws themselves were in strong- holds, and could no way be got hold of. But one of the chief of them being of more courage than the rest, got to horse, and came pricking after them, crying out and asking ' what he was that durst avow that mighty w^ork,' one of the compa,ny came to him with a spear, and ran him through the body, leaving his spear broken in him, of which wound he died. The goods were divided to the poor men from whom they were taken before. This act so irritated the outlaws that they vowed cruel vengeance, and that before next winter was ended, they would leave the whole country waste. His name was Sim of Cat- hill (an Armstrong) that was killed, and it was a Ridley of Haltwesell that killed him. They presently took a resolution to be revenged of that town. Thither they came and set many houses of the town on fire, and took away all the goods, and as they were running up and down the streets with lights in their hands to set more houses on fire, there was one other of the Ridleys that was in a strong-house, that made a shot out at them, and it was his good hap to kill an Armstrong, one of the sons of the chiefest outlaw^ The death of this young man wrought so deep an impression amongst them, as many vows were made, that before the end of next winter they would lay the border waste. This was done about the end of May, 1589." The Chuech, dedicated to the Holy Cross, occupies a delightful situation on the south side of the to^vn, where the churchyard forms a fine terrace, commanding a beautiful and varied prospect of the surrounding country. It is a very ancient edifice, and consists of nave, aisles, and chancel : the latter is 880 TINDALE WARD-^WEST mVISlON. neatly furnished with oaken pews. Several members of the ancient family of Blenkinsopp have been interred here. Within the chancel is a tomb, on which is sculptured a crosier of excellent workmanship, and highly orna- mented, and also the staff and scrip of a pilgrim. Of the person whose remains lie beneath this tomb, nothing whatever is kifown, his name and fame are alike buried in oblivion. There is also a tomb belonging to one of the Kidley family. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Hexham, is rated at £12 3s. l|-d., gross income £727, net income £593. Patron, the Bishop of Durham ; incumbent, the Rev. W. Ives, M.A. The Presbyterians, Primitive Methodists, and Wesleyans, have also chapels here. Haltwhistle School was founded by the will of Lady Capel, in 1719, and has an endowment of £37 10s. per annum, for which the children of the poor are taught at a limited charge. Here is a Mechanics' Institution which was established in 1848, and now contains a library of 1,200 volumes, in the various departments of literature. The County Couet is held once a month. — Judge, James Losh ; clerk, Henry Ingledew ; assistant clerk, Robert Bell ; bailiff, William Wilson. The Haltwhistle Poor Law Union comprehends seventeen parishes and townships, including an area of 83,861 statute acres, and a population, in 1851, of 7,286 souls. The parishes and townships are Bellister, Blenkinsopp, Coanwood, Featherstone, Haltwhistle, Hartleyburn, Henshaw, Kirkhaugh, Knaresdale, Lambley, Melkridge, Plainmellor, Ridley, Thirlwall, Thorn- grafton, Wall-Town, and Whitfield. The Union Workhouse is a plain stone edifice, erected in 1840, and is capable of accommodating about sixty persons. The number of inmates at present (1854) is twenty-six. Edward Dowley, master; Ann Dowley, matron; Robert Elliott, surgeon; Robert Pickering, clerk ; and George Pickering, relieving officer. Charities. — Besides the school, this parish possesses the following chari- ties. A rent charge of £2 per annum, bequeathed in 1710, by Nicholas Ridley, and a rent charge of £3 a year left by Mr. John Robson, in 1790. These charities are the property of the poor, and are distributed in accordance with the declared intentions of the donors. HALTWHISTLE DIRECTORY. Post Office, Haltv/histle. — John Lowes, postmaster. Letters arrive from London and Carlisle, at 11-14 a.m., and from Newcastle and Gateshead, at 12-10 noon. The mail is despatched at 2-55 p.m. Miscellany Craig Wm. manager, Haltwhistle Brewery Armstrong Mrs. Ann Craig William, watchmaker Baty Miss Elizabeth Excise Office, Crown Inn, Heniy Drew, Bell Mr. Thomas officer BeU William Forster Mary, bonnet maker Bro^yn Margaret, milliner Hadfield George, varnish manufactm^er Carrick Robert, brewer Harrison Ealph, colhery overlooker HALTWHISTLE DIEECTORY. 881 Hodgson John, painter Ives Rev. William, Yicarage Jackson Heury, blacksmith Keen Joseph, nail manufacturer Lowes John, saddler Maddison R. R. manager of coal, &c. works Madgen William, woollen manufacturer, Green Croft, works at Bard on Mill Mechanics' Institution. — William Nor- man, Hbrarian Slurray John, draper Nanney Mrs. Barbara Middleton, Hall Meadows' Nelson & Co. brick, &c. manufacturers Parkas Robert, superintendent constable Pattinson John, woollen manufacturer Pickering William, corn miller Reay Robert, dealer in millinery Saint Joseph & Son, woollen manufacturers and dyers Smith Mr. Robert, Rose-villa Smith J. S. T. W. chemist and druggist South Tyne Colliery Company, coal owners, lime burners, &c. Steel Matthew, tin-plate worker Stephenson Rev. James Stokoe Mrs, Hannah Welton John, rakemaker Whitfield Joseph, station master Winter Mrs. Catherine, Hall Meadows Academies and Schools Charity School, vacant '\Vells Ebenezer Booksellers & Stationers Clementson John, & dealer in paper hangings Norman William, and printer and bookbinder Boot and Shoemakers Baty Robert Birket Michael Crowe William Oliver and Snowdon Ridley John Butchers Liddle Robert Wilkinson George Cartwrights and Joiners Liddle Robert Martin John Smith Joseph Wilkinson Thomas Wood John Cloggers Henderson Joseph Pratt Joseph Scott William Coopers Pearson George Robson Robert Walker John Farmers Marked * are Yeomen. Blenkinsop John * Blenkinsopp Robert, Porto- bello Dryden Hugh Dry den Thomas, Comb Hill Elliott William, Cross-bank Lowes George, Calf Fields * Makepeace Robert, Town- foot Farm * Pratt William, Comb Hill Saint James Scott John, Wood Head Tweddell Isaac, Spital Telford Hannah, Fell House White William, Lees Hall Wilkinson Thomas Grocers & Dealers in Sundries Armstrong Ann Bell Ann and Mary Bell Peter Bell Robert, and druggist Blenkinsop John, and iron- monger Carr Mark Dryden Hugh Forster Nicholas W. & nur- seryman Johnston Eleanor Kirk George Maughan Thos. New Bridge End Oliver & Snowdon, & drapers, ironmongers, & provision merchants Robson John Saint James, and draper Smith John & ironmonger Storey William Teasdale John Walton Isabella & Mary Inns & Taverns Black Bull, Ann Gordon Blue Bell, William Irving Groion, Sarah Saul Greij Bull, Robert Pattison Manor House, James Smith Old Bay Horse, W. Wanless Sun, Thomas Kirkley Spotted Cow, Mark Wilton Beerhouse Armstrong John, Commons Stonemasons Armstrong Thomas, Mile- stone House Brown Joseph Graham John Rowell Joseph Saint James Wa,tson John Surgeons Elliott Robert Garner John H. Smith William Taylor Robert Tailors Oliver Robert Ridley Edward Tallantyre T. B. Temperance Hotels Lovatt William, Railway Ord Jane Saint James, & commercial, New Hall 889 TINDALE WARD — WEST DI7IS10N. C.4EEIES, William Armstrong to Carlisle on Mondays, to Hexham and Newcastle on ^YednescIaJS. Belltster, a township comprising 988 acres, is situated one mile south west by south of Haltwhistle, and its rateable value is £902. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 88; in 1811, 90; in 1821, 118; in 1831, 120; in 1841, 116; and in 1851, 131 souls. Cuthbert Ellison, Esq. is the prin- cipal landowner and lord of the manor. Bellister Castle, is a rude structure of irregular form, occupying an artificial mount, and was foi-merly defended by a moat. The whole structure is now a mass of ruins without ornament or beauty, possessing none of that grandeur or sublimity so often associated with the remains of fallen greatness. The castle was the seat of a younger branch of the Blenkinsopp family, by whom it was possessed in the reigns of Edward VI. and Elizabeth. Park is a village in this township, two miles north-east of Haltwhistie, and contains a Wesleyan Methodist Ghapel, which was erected in 1830, at a cost of about £100. Martin William, joiner, Park Snowdon Elizabeth, shopkeeper, Park Snowdon Hannah, schoolmistress, Park Snowdon Jacob, joiner, Park Farmers Pickering John, Wydon Snowdon Thomas, yeoman, Park AYaugh Isaac, Linshield Waugh John, Broomhouses Carrier to Newcastle. — Mattthew Pddley, on Wednesdays. Blenkinsopp, a township two and a half miles west of Haltwhistie, com- prises an area of 4,919 acres, and its rateable value is £3,758 63. 7d. Popu- lation in 1801, 196; in 1811, 252; in 1821, 317; in 1831, 344; iul84], 845 ; and in 1851, 796 souls. Colonel Coulson of Blenkinsopp Hall is principal proprietor and lord of the manor. Here are extensive coal and lime works, carried on by the Blenkinsopp Coal and Lime Company. Blenkin- sopp Castle is a strong square tower built upon vaults, on an eminence south of the Tippal, and has been defended by a deep dry ditch on the north and west, on the south by a ri\Tilet, and on the east by a steep bank. This fortress was the seat of the ancient family of Blenkinsopp, who were notorious for the part they took in the border feuds. We find it possessed by Ralph de Blenkinsopp in the reign of Edward I., by Thomas de Blenkinsopp in the reign of Edward III., and in the reign of Ehzabeth, it was held by William Blenkinsopp, under the honour of Langley, pajdng annually for all services six shillings and eightpence, one half at Martinmas, and the other at Whit- suntide. Tt was subsequently transfeiTed by marriage to the Coulsons, with whom it has since continued. A school was established here in 1839, hy the Blenkinsopp Coal and Lime Company, for the education of the children of their workmen. Angerton is a hamlet in this township, three miles west by north of Halt- whistle. Greenhead, a village in this township, is situated about three and a half miles west by north of Haltwhistie, and possesses a neat Chapel of Ease, erected in 1827, from designs by Mr. Dobson of Newcastle, upon gi'ound given by Colonel Coulson. The total cost of erection was upwards of £800. It is SALTWHiSTLE PAEISS. 883 fifty-four feet Ly twenty-five, with a small tower, aud is lighted by lancet- shaped windows, those on the east being decorated with the arms of the see of Durham, the Earl of Carhsle, and Colonel Coulson, besides other devices. Glenwhelt forms the eastern suburb to this village, with wdiicli it is connected by a bridge across the Tippal rivulet. The Roman station Carvoran is in the vicinity, and will be found fully described at page 33. Red-Path, and Wydon are both hamlets in this township, situated res- pectively two miles west by south, and one mile west south-west of Halt- whistle. Blenkinsopp Coal and Lime Company, John Whaley, agent; ho. Blenkinsopp Castle Bell Isaac, grocer Borrow William, grocer Coulson Colonel John B., Blenkinsopp Hall Graham 'William and John, hlacksmiths, Greenhead Grieve Thos. t merchant, Glenwhelt Hewitson Joseph, shopkeeper Johnson John, innkeeper. Red Lion Inn Lennox John, schoolmaster Lennox Priscilla, schoolmistress, Green- head Mason Eobert, stationmaster Milburn John, shopkeeper Nelson George, innkeeper, Coulson Arms Benwick William, tailor Eowell Jeremiah, grocer Scott Eobert, cartwright Whaley John, agent, Blenkinsopp Castle Parmers Marked * are yeomen. Armstrong Margery., Branchend Calvert John, and innkeeper, Glohe Inn^ Glenwhelt *Carrick John, Carvoran *Errington Edward, Low Glenwhelt Makepeace John, and overseer, Wry Tree Pattinson Edward, Waterloo Eutherford Thomas, Lampert Welsh William, Wydonclough CoANWooD, a township comprising 2,042 acres, the property of several resident farmers, is three miles south of Haltvvhistle, and its rateable value is £952 10s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 151 ; in 1811, 175; in 1821, 165; in 1831, 156; in 1841, 139; and in 1851, 152 souls. G DEBET Hill is a hamlet in this township, situated three and a half miles south of Haltwhistle. Here is a Meeting House of the Society of Friends, erected in 1760. Ramshaw, High and Low are also two hamlets in Coanwood township three and a half miles south of Haltvvhistle. Wolf Hill is another hamlet three miles south by east of Haltwhistle. Wigham Jacob, miller, Low Hill Farmers Marked * are yeomen. *Bell John, West Stone House Birkett Wilham, Garcock ♦Charlton John, Burn House Clemitson John, Wolf Hill ♦Dickinson John, East Stone House Edgar John, Green Syke Hutchinson Matthew, and builder. Mill Hill Maughan Eoger, Dykes Oliver William, Garbutt Hill *Pattinson John, Garbutt Hill Eobson William, Burnt Walls Wallace Thomas ♦Wigham Eobert, Hargill House ♦Wigham Thomas, Low Mill Wigham William, Coldsliield Hetherington Thomas, Low Byer Featherstone township is situated three miles south-west of Haltwhistle, and comprises an area of 2,844 acres, the rateable value of which is £1,967 10s. The population in 1801, was 197; in 1811, 2J9; in 1821, 239; in in 1831, 274; in 1841, 205 ; and in 1851, 314 souls. The Earl of Carlisle 3 H 2 88^ TINDALE WARD^WEST DIVISION. is lord of the manor ; and the principal landowners are the trustees of the Hon. J. Hope Wallace, who have also extensive saw mills here. Feather- stone Castle is most picturesquely situated near the South Tyne, opposite the confluence of the Hartleyburn. It was formerly the seat of the ancient family of Featherstonehaugh, who were its possessors as early as the reign of Edward I., when it was the property of Thomas de Featherstonehaugh, and in the reign of Edward IL, Alexander and Thomas de Featherstonehaugh, are recorded as its proprietors. Sir Albany Featherstonehaugh had opulent manors and possessions, and w^as High Sheriff of the county in the reign of Elizabeth. His eldest son Henry, who, at the beginning of the reign of James I., was appointed receiver-general of all the King's revenues in Cumber- land and Westmoreland, had issue a son, Timothy, who, during the civil wars in the reign of Charles I., espoused the royal cause, and raised a troop of horse at his own expense. For his gallant conduct he was knighted under the King's banner, but was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, in 1651, after which he was beheaded at Bolton, in Lancashire, and the manor of Featherstonehaugh was sold by the parliament to the Earl of Carlisle; but the castle and estate came afterwards into the possession of Matthew Feather- stonehaugh, Esq., of Newcastle, from whom it has descended to the present proprietors. Horse Close is a hamlet in this township, four miles south-west of Halt- whistle. Kellah is another hamlet in this township, four miles south-west by west of HaltvYhistle. Rowfoot is also a hamlet in Featherstone township, three miles south-west of the same place. Carrick George, shopkeeper, Hillis Close Farmers Clark John, agent to the trustees of the late Hon. James Hope Wallace, Feather- stone Castle Bohson William, ^dct. Pitman's Arms, Kellah Dickinson Emerson, gamekeeper, Hall Bank Head Hutchinson Eobert, beerhouse, Eowfoot Hutchinson William, huilcler, Kellah Little George, shopkeeper and butcher, Highburn Foot Nixon John, manager of Saw Mills Parker Elizabeth, shopkeeper, Kellah Smith Eev. P. G. Stranger W. stationmaster Waugh John,heerhouse, Kellah Wright George, blacksmith Hartleyburn, a township four miles south-west of Haltwhistle, comprises 2,676 acres, the property of Messrs. Whitfield, and its rateable value is £789 12s. 6d. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 74; in 1811, 77; in 1821, 92 ; in 1831, 161 ; in 1841, 288 ; and in 1851, 460 souls. Cuthbert Ellison, Esq., is lord of the manor. Here is an extensive tile manufac- tory, carried on by John Edgar & Co. Hartleyburn colliery, in this town- ship, and Midgeholme Colliery, near the confines of Northumberland and Marked * are yeomen. Birket Miles, Watch Trees Coulson Matthew, Blacklocks, Burnfoot *Dobson Pdchard and William, Kellah Hudspeth Cuthbert, Horse Close * Hutchinson Matthew, Eowfoot *Hutchinson William, Eowfoot Lee Joseph, Eowfoot Little George, Low Burnfoot * Parker Thomas and Joseph, Kellah Proud Edward, Eowfoot *Teasdale Ann, Kellah Snowdon William, Kellah Tweddle George and Thomas Tweddle James Watson Thomas, Highburn Foot HALTWHISTLE PAEISH. S85 Cumberland, are worked by Mrs. Maria Thompson, and afford employment to about 400 persons. Modlin Jonathan, grocer and provision merchant, Halton Lea Gate Thompson Mrs. Maria, coaloNvner, Hartley- burn and Midgeholme Collieries, Thos. Dobson and Wallace Bell, managers Todd Thos. farmer. Green Eidges Walton Jacob, farmer, Green Eidges Whitfield John, yeoman, Byers Hall Whitfield Thomas, yeoman, Foulpots Bell Joseph, farmer, Halton Lea Bell Wallace, vict. Morpeth Arms Inn, Halton Lea Gate Dobson John, farmer, Clover Hill Dobson Thos. coal agent, Halton Lea Gate Edgar John and Co., tile manufacturers, Hartleyburn Tile Works Henderson Henry, manager of tile works, Halton Lea Gate Henshaw is a township and hamlet, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, John Clayton, Esq., Sir Thomas Claveriug, Nicholas Lowes, Esq., of Allen's Green, Mr. Richard Thompson, and others. The township comprises an area of 11,255 acres, and its rateable value is £4,316 12s. 6d. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 568 ; in 181], 509; in 1821, 593; in 1831, 619 ; in 1841, 569; and in 1851, 615 souls. Sir Edward Blackett is the possessor of the manorial rights and privileges. The Hamlet of Henshaw is situated four miles south-west of Haltwhistle, and possesses two Chapels belonging respectively to the Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. The former was erected in 1840, and the latter in 1836. Baedon Mill, a hamlet in this township, four miles and three-quarters east of Haltwhistle, derives its name from a flannel manufactory, which is carried on by William Madgen and Son. Here is a station on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. Geeenlev is another hamlet in this township, five miles north-east of Halt- whistle. In this neighbourhood there are four extensive loughs, or lakes, viz., Broomley Lough, Little Cow's Lough, Crag Lough, and Grindon Lough, all of which, except the last, are in the township of Henshaw. On the north side of Greenley Lough are several stupendous crags, from which some of the finest blocks of stone in the county are obtained. Bonney RiGaHALL, in this township, serves as a temporary residence for Sir Edward Blackett, during the shooting season. Towhouse, a hamlet in this township, is four miles east of Haltwhistle. Post Oppice, Baedon Mill Station. — John Harrison, postmaster. from Newcastle and the South, at 11-55 a.m., and from Carlisle and the Letters arrive, West, at 11-28 a.m 3-2C they are despatched to Carlisle, p.m. Askew William, wood-hailiff, Kingswood Cottage Bell Eobert, stonemason, Bank Head Graham Mr. Thomas, Tow House Harding John, blacksmith, Tow House Jackson Mr. John, Hardriding Harrison John, station master, Bardon Mill Henshaw School, Eobert Parker, teacher; ho.Prudhoe Castle Pattinson Ann, milliner and straw bonnet Btaker, Eedburn &C.J at 3-10 p.m., and to Newcastle and the South at Madgen William & Son, woollen manu- facturers, Bardon Mill ; ho. Green Croft, Plaltwhistle Eidley Andrew, gamekeeper, Bonney Eigg Eobiuson William, wood-baihif, Joe House Eobson Geo. blacksmith. Twice Brewed Boot and Shoemakers Burkitt George, Bardon Mill Johnson John Knott Joseph, Eedburn Smith Matthew, Henshaw 886 TIND^iLE WAED WEST DIVISION. Cartwrights and Joiners Cook William, Tow House Forster William, Tow House Henderson Thomas, Tow House Kirk Walter, T\Aice Brewed Makepeace John, Tow House Pattison Thomas, Eedburn Shield George, Bardon Mill Thompson Francis, and cabinet maker, Tow House ; ho. Henshaw Corn Millers and Merchants Keed Eobert & Son, Plankey Mill Eidley James, Bardon Mill Farmers Marked * are Yeomen Armstrong John, Hindley Steel Armstrong John, Braidley Hall Armstrong Margaret, Hardriding Armstrong Walter, Scotscoltherd Armstrong WilHam, Bogg Armstrong William, Bent's House Bell Anthony, Scotscoltherd Coats Isabella, Seatsides Cook John, Eufler's Close Cook Joseph, Eedburn Cook WilHam and John, Shawhead Dodd Barbara, Gibb's Hill ♦Harding Thomas, Henshaw Hedley Ealph, Waterhead Henderson William, Hunter Crook Johnson John, Kingswood Hall *Laidlea John, Bank Head Liddell Christopher, Brockellee Lowes Thomas, Galleshaw Eigg Lowes William, Grin don Green * Makepeace Nicholas, Eamshaw Field Maughan John, Parkside Nixon John, Greenlee Pattinson Jonathan, Hardriding Pickering George, and registrar of births, deaths, and marriages, and relieving officer for Haltwhistle Union, Stone Hall Eeed Eobert & Son, Plankey MiU Eidley James, Bardon Mill * Smith Cuthbert, Brovm Eigg *Sraith Edward, Cornholmes ♦Thompson Eichard, Tow House ♦Thompson Thomas, Seatsides Woodman Edward, High Shield Grocers and Dealers in Sundries Bell Elizabeth, Low Winshields English Ann Forster William, Tow House Goodfellow Archibald, Eedburn Hill Kirk Walter, Twice Brewed Eobinson Margaret, Tow House Inns and Taverns Blue Bell, John Eidley, Tow House Grey Hound. John Morrow, Bardon Mill Jane Bell, Twice Brewed Thomas Elliott, Twice Brewed Caeeier. — ^Archibald Goodfellow, to Newcastle, on Thursdays. Melkridge is a townsliip and hamlet comprising 4,451 acres, tlie property of Sir Edward Blackett, John Clayton, Esq., Thomas Clavering, Esq., and Robert Carrick, Esq., the former of whom is lord of the manor, and holds his court at Wood Hall, once in every three years. Population in 1801, 226; in 1811, 263, in 1821, 288; in 1831, 347; in 1841, 290; and in 1851, 264 souls. The rateable value is £3,141 5s. Near to the South Tyne, in this township, is the Eoman military post, Whitchester, which occupies a site defended on three sides by steep and rugged glens. High Town is a hamlet in this township, one mile and three-quarters east of Haltwhistle. Armstrong Mrs. Eleanor Armstrong William, vict. Three Horse Shoes Batey John, tea dealer Bell Mrs. Ann Carrick Eobert, spirit merchant Carrick E. M. spirit merchant. Croft House Fairlamb Elizabeth, shopkeeper Hall Martin, schoolmaster, Cowburn Lowes Mr. Nicholas Mallabarr Captain G.High Town Nixon William, joiner Smith Miss Elizabeth, Whitchester Parmers Marked * are Yeomen Armstrong George, Edge's Green Armstrong William, Edge's Green Bell Eobert Dodd Walter Fairlamb Ehzabeth HALTWHTSTLE PARISH. 887 *Liddell Eobert, Melkridge Little William, Wealside *Lowes John * Nixon William Eidley Ann Eobson Thomas Usher John Y^^inter Thomas Fairlamb Hugh Fidler William, Langhey Pdgg Henderson Adam Hepple Thomas, Eell House Hudspith John, Cowbm'n Eigg Johnson Margaret, High Town Lee John, Melkridge Liddell John, Hallpeat Moss Liddell P. J. Soak Hill Carrier. — ^William Armstrong, to Carlisle, on Monday, and to Newcastle, on Wednesdays. Plainmellor is a township and village, tlie property of Dixon Dixon, Esq,, of Unthank Hall, who is also lord of the manor. The township comprises an area of 4,904 acres, and its rateable value is £1,655 ]8s, 4d. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 136 ; in 18U, 174 ; in 1891, 184 ; in 1831, 160; in 1841, 130; and in 1851, 171 souls. The Village of Plain- mellor, which derives its name from a mountain in the neighbourhood, is situated on the south side of the Tyne, half a mile south-east of Haltwhistle. Unthank Hall, in this township, is a substantial stone edifice, the seat of DLxon Dixon, Esq. Armstrong William, blacksmith Dixon Dixon, Esq. Unthank Hall Fanners Bell William Co-^ving John Elliott John Forester William Little Eobert ♦Robson George Teasdale William "Woodman John KiDLEY township is the property of Sir Edward Blackett, who is also lord of the manor, Mrs. Davison, and Nicholas Lowes, Esq. It contains 4,388 statute acres, and its rateable value is £2,657. Population in 1801, 191 ; in 1811,205; in 1821^231; in 1831, 233 ; in 1841, 258 ; and in 1851, 245 souls. Ridley Hall, which is situated on the south side of the Allen, at a short distance from Beltingham, derives its name from the Ridleys, of Wil- limoteswick, to whom it formerly belonged. It was afterwards the seat and lordship of the ancient family of Lowes, with whom it remained till 1812, when it became the property of Thomas Bates, Esq., but is now possessed by Mrs. Davison. . The mansion occupies an eminence, five and a half miles east by south of Haltwhistle, in the midst of the most beautiful and picturesque scenery to be found in this part of the country. Allen's Green is a hamlet in this township, four miles east by south of Haltwhistle. Beltingham is another hamlet, situated five miles east by south of Halt- whistle. Here is a small chapel, which is claimed as the domestic chapel of the lord of the manor of Ridley. The living is in the gift of the vicar of Haltwhistle, and incumbency of the Rev. James Ord Clark. There is also a school and library, George Wright, teacher and librarian. Willimoteswick is a hamlet and estate, in Ridley township, situated four miles east by south of Haltwhistle. Here are extensive ruins of the Castle, which was anciently the seat of the Ridley family, whose lineal descendants TINDALE WAED-^WEST DIVISION. now reside at Blagdon. It is the property of Sir Edward Blackett, and is occupied by Mr. Joseph Reaj Spraggon. ♦Dickinson George, Wool House Little James, Hotbank Makepeace John, Brierwood Clark Kev. James Ord Davison Mrs. Susan E. H. Eidley Hall Drummond Alexander, draper and grocer, Eidley Lowes Nicholas, Esq. Allen's Green Makepeace Mr. William, Penpeugh Wallace Thomas, joiner and cartwright, Eidley Woodman Matthew, blacksmith, Gold Hill Wright George, schoolmaster & Ubrarian, Beltingham School ; ho. Eidley Farmers Marked * are Yeomen Armstrong Eobert, Hotbank Maughan Nicholas, Midgeholme ♦Pearson John Pearson Thomas Pearson William * Eidley John Eidley Matthew Eobson Edward, East Hotbank *Eobson Hannah, Penpeugh Spraggon Joseph Eeay, WiUimoteswick Castle Usher George Wallace Thomas, Partridge Nest Bushby Jacob Thtrlwall township, which contains eighty scattered houses, and the haralet of Foultown, extends from the Tippal Burn, four miles W.N.W. of Haltwhistle, to the river Irthing, which separates it from Cumberland. It comprises an area of 7,944 acres, and its rateable value is £3,069 7s. 9d. The population in 1801, was 322 ; in 1811, 282; in 1821, 293 ; in 1831, 328 ; in 1841,394; and in 1851, 425 souls. The Earl of Carlisle is principal proprietor, and lord of the manor.* Thirlwall Castle, which has long been in ruins, stands on the west bank of the Tippal, at a short distance west of the point where that rivulet is crossed by the great Koman Wall. This fortress was for many generations the property of a family that bore the local name, but was subsequently transferred by marriage to Matthew Swinburne, Esq., of Capheaton, who sold the castle and manor to the Earl of Carlisle. Foul Town is a hamlet in this township, four miles W. N. W. of Halt- whistle. Bell John, joiner Davison Thomas, innkeeper Douglas Mary, shopkeeper Graham James, beerhouse Hariison William, blacksmith Farmers Armstrong George Bell John Borrow Nicholas Blenkinsop George Bramwell Barbara Hudspith John Hetherington Thomas, tailor & shopkeeper Norman John, station master Smith Thomas, shopkeeper & butcher Snowdon John, joiner Wilson John, miller Graham William and John, Long Byer, & Burnt Walls Nixon James Owen Thomas Patrich Margaret Peacock William Pearson Robert Eobson William Smith John Smith Thomas Teasdale John Waugh George Thorngeafton is a township and small village, comprising 3,103 acres, the property of Sir Edward Blackett, Mrs. Davison, Miss Hedley, Edward Woodman, Esq., and a number of freeholders. The rateable value is £2,474 5s., and the manorial rights and privileges are possessed by the Duke of Northumberland, and Sir Edward Blackett. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 239; in 1811, 238; in 1821, 247; in 1831, 263; m 1841,372; KTBKHAUGH PARISH. 889 aud in 1851, 305 souls. There are three collieries in this township, viz. : — Barcomhe Colliery, Morewood Colhery, aud Birkshaw Colliery, the latter having been recently opened. There are also extensive sand and ironstone quarries. Within the manor of Thorngrafton and Ridley, is the Forest of Lowes, usually called Ridley and Hotbank Commons, until they were divided and enclosed by act of parliament, in 1748. Housesteads, the Borcovicus of the Notitia, is situated in this to^vnship. For a full description of this station see page 3] . The Village of Thorngrafton is five and a half miles east by north of Haltwhistle. Mill House, a hamlet in this township, is situated four and a half miles east of Haltwhistle. Thompson Thomas, miller AVoodman Matthew, blacksmitli, Gold Hill, Eidley, and Thorngrafton Farmers Marked * are yeomeu Atkinson Wilham Baty James Bell John, Westend Town, Thorngrafton Dickinson Nicholas, Birkshaw Lee Robert, Mill House Mallabar Christopher Harrison, Westend Town, Thorngrafton Maughan William, High Meadows Reed J. and miller Reed William, High Braidley Sharp John, Birkshaw Usher William, Whitshields *Woodman Edward, Thorngrafton *Woodman John, Thorngrafton Woodman Nicholas, Crowhall Bell Thomas, butcher Burn Ann, ^^ct. Fox and Hounds Coulson Mr. Thomas Coats John, blacksmith Dickinson Nicholas, builder and coalowner, Birkshaw Colliery Makepeace John, coalowner, &c. ( W. Make- peace & Co.) ; ho. West Wood Cottages Makepeace Francis, shopkeeper and shoe- maker Makepeace WilHam & Co, coalowners, lime burners, and iron and sandstone quarry owners, Barcomhe Colhery and Quarries Makepeace Wilham, grocer, Mill House Nevin William, tailor Pratt Mr. Thomas, Mill House Robson and Coates, shopkeepers Sterling George, coalowner, Morewood Colhery ; ho. Crindle Dykes Thoekgbafton School, Jas. Burn, teacher . Wall Town township comprises 2,956 acres, the property of G-. H. Coulson, Esq., who is also lord of the manor. It is situated two and a half miles north-west of Haltwhistle, and its rateable value is £1,263. The population in 1801, was 89; in 1811, 120 ; in 1821, 109 ; in 1831, 96 ; in 1841, 85 ; and in 1851, 81 souls. This township is intersected by the Roman Wall, and contains the remains of the stations of Vindolana, and JEsica, which will be found described at pages 32 and 33. Robson Thonias, gamekeeper Farmers Armstrong Alexander Armstrong James Dixon Robert AUolee Lowes Edward Sisson Thomas Smith John Snowball William Wilkinson John KIRKHAUGH PARISH. This parish occupies the south-western extremity of the county, and is bounded on the north and west by Knaresdale, on the south by the parish of Alston, in the adjoining county of Cumberland, and on the east by Whitfield. It comprises an area of 6,665 acres, the property of various owners, and its 890 TINDALE WARD — WEST DIVISION. rateable value is £1,355 5s. The population in 1801, was 275; in 1811, 339; in 1821, 286; in 183 i, 309; in 1841, 221; and in 1851, 285 souls. The manorial rights are vested in the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital. This is a mountainous district, and is intersected by the South Tyne, which rises near Alston, in Cumberland. About half a mile south-west of the parish church, on the farm called Castle Nook, is the site of a Roman station, supposed by some antiquarians to be the Alione of the Notitia, but subse- quent inquiries have shown this supposition to be groundless. It occupies an irregular descent, inclining to the east, and its walls enclose an area of nearly nine acres. It is overlooked by hills on the w^est, where it is defended by ten breastworks and trenches, which have also flanked the north-west and south- west sides, two of them extending around the whole area of the station. Several " Roman Remains" have been found here. The Maiden Way passes near the eastern wall of the station, which is now covered with irregular heaps of ruins. The Parish Church is a small unpretending edifice, situated on the east side of the South Tyne, two and a half miles north by west of Alston, and nine and a half miles south by west of Haltwhistle. The living is a dis- charged rectory in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Hex- ham, valued in the Liber Regis at £4 7s. 8^d. returned at £55, gross income, £70. It is in the patronage of — Sanders, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. Octavius James, M.A. The parish register commences in 1686. In connexion with the church is a day school, which was established in 1854. Charities. — This parish possesses two charities, one amounting to £2 10s. per annum, left by some person unknown, for education ; the other, amounting to £2 a jesiv, by John Stephenson, in 1759, to be distributed annually amongst eight poor widows of the parish. Ale is a hamlet in this tov/nship, situated one mile and a half east by south of Kirkhaugh Church. Lintley is also a hamlet in this township, one mile east by south of the same place. Whitlow is another hamlet two miles south-west of the parish church. Fletcher Mrs. Isabella Harrison Thomas, stonemason Irving James, innkeeper Eidley William, miller Fanners * Lee Thomas Marked * are Yeomen. Lee Walton Asker Joseph * Lee Wihiam, Ale Birkett John Nixon Eobert Birkett Philip Parker Thomas Hutchinson Thomas Eobson Maiy Jackson Thomas Smith Thomas Larah William Stobart Simon * Lee John Tarn Levi Snowdou Mr. John Todd Hiigh, shoemaker Whitfield John, dogger Teasdale James * Todd Thomas Walton John * Walton Joseph, Underbank Walton Henry * Walton William Watson John Watson Joseph Y/hitfield Thomas KNARESDALE PARISH. Knaresdale parish, comprising the villages of Eals, Burn Stones, Slaggy- ford. Town Green, and Williamstou, occupies a wild mountainous tract, at KNARESDALE PARISH. 891 the soutli-westeni extremity of Northumberland, and is bounded on the north by Lambley, on the v^-est and south by Cumberland, and on the east by Kirk- haugh parish. It comprises an area of 7,144 acres, the property of the trustees of the late Hon. James Hope Wallace, and others, who also claim the manorial rights, and its rateable value is £2,712 5s. The number of its inhabitants in 18ul, ^Yas 481; in 1811, 526; in 1821, 564; in 1831, 566 ; in 1841, 491; and in 1851, 917 souls. It is supposed to derive its name from the Knare-burn which intersects the parish. The forest of Knaresdale was anciently very extensive, and well stocked with red deer ; the breed, how- ever, is now nearly extinct. Snope Well is a medicinal spring, and was for- merly held in great repute. Besides the Knare-burn, this district is watered by three other rivulets, viz. : — the Thinhope, Thomhope, and Barrough- burns. The Parish Church is situated on the west side of the South Tyne, six miles N.N.W. of Alston, in Cumberland, and seven and a half miles S.S.W. of Haltwhistle. It is an ancient edifice, without much pretension to archi- tectural elegance, and the ground around it seems to have been covered with buildings. The living is a discharged rectory in the archdeaconry of Northum- berland and deanery of Hexham, valued in the Liber Regis at £i 18s. 9d., gross income £135. The patronage is vested in the Crown, and the Rev. Henry Rewsher is rector. The parish register commences in 1695. The Wesleyan Methodists have a small chapel here. The School has an endowment of £Q 10s. per annum, from the trustees of the late Hon. James Hope Wallace. Charity. — John Stephenson, in 1759, left a rent charge of £2 per annum, to eight poor widows of this parish. Knaresdale Hall, which stands near the Church, and is now" occupied by a farmer, was anciently in the possession of the Pratts, from whom it was transferred, by Edward L, to Sir Robert de Swinburne. The manor of Williamston, held of the manor of Knaresdale, was also given to Sir William de Swinburne, and was confirmed to him by its previous owner, Bartholomew Pratt, Esq. In the reign of Elizabeth, we find the manor of Knaresdale, with the adjoining estates, possessed by William Wallace, Esq., of Copeland Castle ; but one of his descendants, Ralph Wallace, sold them to John Stephenson, an alderman of Newcastle, of whose son this manor was purchased by Mr. Wallace, of Featherstone, from whom it has descended to the present proprietors. Burn Stones is a hamlet in this township, a quarter of a mile north of the parish church. Eals is a small village situated on the east side of the south Tyne, six miles S.S.W. of Haltwhistle. Slaggyford is another village, one mile south of the parish church. Town Green is also a village in this parish, situated a quarter of a mile south of the church. Williamston gives name to an estate and hamlet on the east side of the South Tyne, one mile and a half south of the parish church. Post Office, Town Geeen. — Thomas Henderson, jpostmaster. Letters anive, from Alston, at 2 p.m., and are despatched at 8 a.m. 3 I 893 TINDALE WAED — WEST DIVISION. Armstrong John, shoemaker Armstrong John, cooper Armstrong Margaret, shopkeeper Bewsher Eev. Henry, B.A. Rectory Bell James, tailor Birkett Joseph, innkeeper, and farmer, Slaggyford Birkett William, grocer Brown T. shopkeeper Bywell John, miller Cawthorn Thomas, marine store dealer Gill Mrs. Frances, Williamston Green Thomas, nail manufacturer, Merit Hall Henderson John, parish clerk. Town Green Henderson Thomas, grocer & game dealer. Town Green Hunter Thomas, shoemaker Lee Joseph, butcher Lowes Messrs. John & William, Eals Millican John, schoolmaster Nixon Mary, innkeeper Parker John, grocer, Eals Parker William, station master Pattinson George, stonemason Ridley Thomas, grocer Robinson Matthew, blacksmith Robson George, innkeeper, Railway Robson Thomas, shopkeeper Rutherford William, railway inspector Tinneswood Jonathan, joiner Tweddell John, innkeeper. Burn Stones Tweddell Richard & Anthony, blacksmiths. Burn Stones Watson John, joiner, Slaggyford Farmers Marked * are Yeomen Armstrong John, Eals Armstrong Robert, Intax Armstrong Robert Baxter Robert, Greenhaugh Bell Sarah, Intax Birkett Joseph, Slaggyford Cowing Thomas, Eals * Dickinson John, Eals Dixon Joseph Elliott Simon, Hanging Shaw Greave John Greave Robert, Aullas Hill Green John, Barns * Hudspith Edward, Eals Hutchinson Thomas Jackson John, Thomup Moore Thomas, Softley Norman Jane, Thornup * Parker John, Eals * Parker Matthew, Eals * Parker William Ridley Joseph Ridley WilUam Ridley William, Knaresdale Hall Stephenson Joseph, andhme burner, Craig Head * Stephenson Robert, Barastown Foot Steph(^nson Samuel, Merry Know Stephenson William, MeiTy Know Teasdale Joseph, and mason Teasdale Matthew Thompson John, Williamston White Thomas LAMBLEY PAKISH. This parish comprises the joint townships of Lambley and Asholme, whose united area is 2,698 acres, and rateable value £1,489. The popula- tion in 1801, was 209; in 1811, 254; in 1821, 261; in 1831, 252; in 1841, 249 ; and in 1851, 365 souls. The landowners are Robert R. Allgood, Esq., who is also lord of the manor, and Henry Whitfield, Esq. This district is very beautiful, being interspersed with fine woods, and ornamented with thriving plantations, on each side of the South Tyne, which here rolls over rugged stones, and down the ledge of shelving rocks, forming a striking contrast with the extensive heaths of the neighbouring district, which is studded with lofty mountains. The only remains of antiquity in this parish, is the old fortress of Castle-hill, which is situated opposite to Harper Town, and defended on three sides by the natural slope of the river bank, and on the fourth, by a dry trench of some depth. The Alston and Haltwhistle branch line of rail- way crosses the river Tyne, at the east end of this parish. The viaduct is upwards of 1 10 feetinheight, thirty-five feetin breadth at thebase, and eighteen LAMBLEY PARISH. 893 feet at the top. It has nine main arches of sixtj-six feet span each, and seven smaller ones of twenty feet span each. Lambley Colliery, in this parish, is worked by Mrs. Maria Thompson. There was formerly an abbey of Benedictine nuDs here, which was founded by King John, or Adam de Tindale. We are informed, by Dugdale, that " King John, in 1200, confirmed a grant of Adam de Tindale and Heloise, his wife, to Grod, St. Mary, St. Patrick, and the nuns of Lambley, of right of pasturage on both sides of the Tyne,in their manor of Lambley, and the chapel of Sandiburnesele, with four acres of land in the same place, and the tithes and offerings ; as also the donations of Benering, and Sandiburnesele made by Helias, nephew of the said Adam." The nuns subsequently became pos- sessed of a fifth part of the village of Wyden, and certain possessions in New- castle. The Scots, in 1296, destroyed this convent and ravaged the neigh- bourhood, but it was afterwards restored, and at the period of the suppression of the religious houses, the community numbered six members, whose annual revenues amounted to £5 15s. 8d. In the reign of Edward IV., it became the property of Dudley, Earl of Northumberland, but on his attainder it re- verted to the Crown, and we find it forming a portion of the estate attached to Featherstonehaugh Castle, in 1567. It subsequently became the property of the Allgood family, with whom it still remains. Camden tells us that in his time the Tyne ran amongst the walls of the nunnery, but every vestige of the conventual buildings have long since disappeared. The Paeish Church, an ancient and plain structure capable of accommodating about 120 persons, is situated on an eminence about four miles S.S.W of Haltwhistle. Its register commences in 1742, The living is a donative or extra-parochial vicarage in the gift of Robert Allgood, Esq., and incumbency of the Uev. Robert Greenwood, of Blyth. AsHOLME, on the east bank of the Tyne, is a joint township with Lambley» with which place its population, acreage, &c. are returned. Harper Town is a hamlet near the parish church, and was formerly a considerable village, but was destroyed by the frequent inroads of the Scots. Cant William, stationm aster Carrick Francis, schoolmaster, Lane Head, Asholme Dent William, stationm aster, Shaft Hill Dayson William, miller, Asholme Henderson John, wood bailiif, Lane Head, Asholme Hymers John, joiner, Asholme Oliver Cuthbert, blacksmith, Lane Head, Asholme Pattison, Mrs. Mary, Lane Head House, Asholme Pearson Rbt. cooper. Lane Head, Asholme Eobson Thomas, vict. Chapel, Asholme Storey Thos. schoolmaster, Harper Town Farmers Bowman Henry Brown Isaac, and shopkeeper, Woodhouse, Asholme Hutchinson John, yeoman, Town's Bank, Asholme Lee Joseph, Low Herdley Moore Jacob, Withara, Asholme Eidley James, and shopkeeper, Asholme_ Robson John, Quickhouse, Asholme Eobson Thomas, Woodhouse, Asholme Stobart George, Asholme Teasdale Thomas, Mosshouse, Asholme Telford John, Asholme Wallace Matthew, Leagey Close, Asholme Whitfield Henry, yeoman, Hai-per Town ^94 • TINDALE WAED— WEST DIVISION. WHITFIELD PARISH. Whitfield parish is bouiided ou tlie north and west by the parish of Halt- whistle, on the south by that of Allendale and the county of Cumberland, and on the east by Allendale parish. It comprises an area of 12,125 acres, and its rateable value is £3,561 10s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was 393; in 1811, 330 ; in 1821, 289; in 1831, 388; in 1841,333; and in 1851, 340 souls. William Ord, Esq., is lord of the manor and owner of the soil. This parish consists, in a great measure, of imcultivated moorlands, on w^hich numerous flocks of sheep are grazed, and is partly intersected by the streams of the East and West Allen, which unite at Cupola. Lead ore- was formerly procured in considerable quantities from a mine at Limestone Cross, and smelted at Cupola. There is a spring strongly impreguated with' iron, at Redmires, and the road from Alston to Haydou Bridge runs through the palish. Hodgson tells us that in 1749, scarcely more than a century ago, *'the roads through this parish were mere trackways, and the principal employment of the people was the conveyance of lead ore to the neighbouring smelt-mills, in sacks, on the backs of ponies. There was not a cart in the country. The farms were very small — seldom above twenty pounds a-year, and the dwelling-houses and farm offices upon them, of the most wretched description." The greater portion of these have been pulled down and re- placed by large and substantial farmhouses, and commodious offices, mills, &g. have been erected, and a turnpike-road made through the parish. The manor of Whitfield was granted by William, King of Scotland, to the priory of Hexham, of which it was held by a family that bore the local name, at an annual rent of 1 6s. 4d. It remained in the possessions of the Whitfields for many generations, but was ultimately sold by Thomas Whitfield to the Ord family, with whom it still continues. The Parish Chuech is situated on the north side of the Hexham and Alston Road, eleven miles W.S.W. of the former place, and is a small neat stmcture, rebuilt about the year 1813. The chancel window is of stained glass, ornamented with the armorial bearings of the Ord family. The parish register commences in 1612. The church contains about 300 sittings, the whole of which are free and unappropriated. The living is a discharged rectory, in the archdeaconry of Northumberland and deanery of Hexham, valued in the Liber Regis at £8 ; gross income £400 ; it is iu the patronage of William Ord, Esq., and incumbency of the Rev. Thomas Hobbes Scott, M.A. Whitfield School is endowed with £20 per annum by William Ord, Esq. A LiBEARY was established at the Lodge in 1847; John Laing is librarian and secretary. Whitfield Hall, the seat of William Ord, Esq., occupies a pleasant situation near the chm^h on the West Allen. It is a neat and substantial building, rebuilt about eighty years ago, when the adjoining estate wasgi'eatly improved by enclosures and plantations. Chaeity. — Nicholas Wilkinson, of Patten House, bequeathed a rent charge of £6 10s. per annum to the poor of this parish. BEDLlNGTONSHiRE. 895 Bear's Bridge is a hamlet in this parish, eleven and three quarter miles W.S.W. of Hexham Post Office, Whitfield, Edward Eobson, 2>ostinasfer. Letters arrive, from Alston , at 10 a.m. and from Hay don Bridge, at 1-30 p.m.; they are despatched at 10 a.m. and 1-30, p.m. Carss Job, blacksmith Dixon Bell, schoolmaster Henderson John, manager of tile works, Whitfield Tile Works Johnson John, joiner and cartwright, and grocer. Bear's Bridge Nixon William, shoemaker Ord miliam, Esq., Whitfield HaU Eidley George, blacksmith Eobson Edward, innkeeper, farmer, and cornmiller Scott Rev. Thomas H., M.A., rector Taylor John, bailifi" to Wm. Ord, Esq., Whitfield Office Treacher Henry, tailor Farmers Davidson James Bushby Thomas Dickinson John Dickinson John Henderson John, Ouston Hunter William and Edward Johnson Jacob, Dodbank Lee John, Morley Hill Lee Thomas, Todd Burn Eobson John, Dyke-row Nichol Scott, Agar's Hill Stobart John and Thomas, Mains Eigg Summers John, Park Head Walton Jane, Loning Side Walton Joseph Winter William, Fell House BEDLINGTONSHIRE. Bedlingtonshire is situated at the north-east corner of Castle Ward, and i§ hounded on the north by the river Wansbeck, on the west by the parishes of Morpeth aaid Stannington, on the south by the river Blyth, and on the east hy the German Ocean. It comprises the townships of Bedlington, Camboise, Choppington, Netherton, Sleekburn (East), and Sleekburn (West), whose united area is 9,011 acres. The population in 180J, was 1,422 ; in 1811, 1,488; in 1821, J,862; in 1831, 2,120; in 1841, 3,155; and in ]851, 5,101 souls. The hundred of Bediingtonshire and the parish of the same name are co-extensive. We possess no authentic information regarding the proprietorship of this parish, anterior to the commencement of the tenth century, when we find that it was purchased by Cutheard, the second Bishop of Chester-le- Street, who added it to the possessions of the see. Subsequent to the removal of the bishopric to Durham, it still continued to form an integral part of the pala- tinate, possessing its own courts and officers of justice, who were appointed under the bishop's commission, until the reign of Henry VIIL, when the Crown resumed this privilege, and ordained that in all matters of law and civil jurisdiction, Bediingtonshire was to be considered a member of the county of Durham. This ordinance remained in force till October, 1844, when, in pur- suance of the Acts 7 and 8 Vict., c. 61, it became a portion of the county of Northumberland. The ancient records inform us that lands in this parish were formerly held of the Bishops of Durham, by the fixmilies of Elliott and Hertford, by 896 BEDLINGTONSHIRE. fealty, and the payment of a small rent, though the great majorit}^ of the inhabitants held theirs by servile tenures. During the civil wars, the possessions of the see of Durham having been sold by order of the Parliament, this manor was pui'chasedby Robert Fenwick, Esq., who, on the restoration of the regal power, was obliged to restore it to its original proprietor. For parliamentary purposes Bedlingtonshire is included in the borough of Morpeth. Bedlington is a township and considerable village in the parish of the same name, the property of W. W. Burden, Esq., George Marshall, Esq., and others. The area of the township is returned with that of the parish, and its rateable value is £7,031 15s. The Bishop of Durham is lord of the manor. Here are several stone quarries, three colheries, and the Bedlington Iron Works, which rank among the oldest and most extensive in the north of England. They afford employment to a great number of persons, who are engaged in the manufacture of chain cables, bolts, bar and sheet iron, and other articles. The Glebe Colliery is worked by Longridge and Co., and the Bedlington Colliery by Davidson and Co. These two establishments employ respectively 200 and 400 persons. The Village of Bedlington is pleasantly situated on the summit and slope of an eminence, about four and a half miles S.S.E. from Morpeth, and consists principally of one long and irregular street, forming a kind of sloping avenue from the river Blyth, which is navigable for small craft to the Bedlington Iron Works, about a mile east of the village. The Church, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, whose remains rested here for one night, in J 069, is a small Gothic structure, enlarged and repaired in 18 1 8, at which time the workmen employed in these repairs and alterations discovered, on the north side of the Church, three grave stones, ornamented with crosses and swords in the style of the eleventh or twelfth centuries, and one of them had the request " Ora pro nobis" upon it. In pulling down the north wall, there was also brought to light a fragment of a pillar, fourteen inches long, on which the remains of an inscription to the following effect were plainly discernible " Crvx, or Lvx Vndtque Fvlget Amata." In addition to the above, there were found the remains of a man, supposed to be those of Cuthbert Watson, a well known somnambulist, who was killed upon the spot w^here they were discovered. He had risen in his sleep, February 14th, 1669, and was in the act of climbing the north buttress of the tower, apparently with great ease and firmness, when a person, who was passing by at the time, dreading the danger of the poor man's situation, spoke to him, and he awoke, fell, and w^as instantly killed. This story is supported by the traditions of the place, by an entry said to be in the parish register, and by the above date, and the words "Watson's Wake," cut upon the buttress. The register of this parish com- mences in 1654. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northumber- land and deanery of Newcastle, is valued in the Liber Regis at £13 6s. 8d. ; gross income £455. The patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Rev. Edward C. Ogle, vicar ; Rev. Robert Taylor, curate. The Baptists, Presbyterians, Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists, have commodious places of worship in the village. BEDLTNGTONSHIRE. 897 The Mechanics' Institution, which comprises a news-room, and a good jibrary, was established about five or six years ago by a few young men of the village, aided by the Earl of Carlisle, the Bishop of Durham, the Eev. E. C. Ogle, vicar. Captain Howard, and A. R, Fenwick, Esq,, J, P. ; James Gibson, and John B. Gribb, secretaries ; Robert Young, librarian. The Court House, situated near the centre of the village, is a substantial and suitable building, containing a lockup, consisting of two apartments. Robert Drummoud, superintendent constable for Bedlingtonshire district, is court keeper. Petty Sessions are held here once a month : the Rev. E. C. Ogle; M. J. F. Sidney, Esq., of Cowpen Hall; Sir M. W Ridley, Bart, Blagdon ; A. R. Fenwick, Esq. ; and W. W. Burdon, Esq., are the presiding The village stands much in need of a more copious supply of water, the limpid element being only obtainable from a few pumps and wells, wdaich often become dry during the summer months. Sanitary improvements, and the introduction of gas are much to be desired. The ruins of an old hall are visible on the south side of the village. Post Office, Bedlington. — John Urwin, postmaster. Letters arrive here, from Morpeth, at 10-10 a.m., and are despatched thereto at 2-35 p.m. Money Orders are issued and paid here. Atkinson Eev. Nathaniel, incumbent of Horton Aynsley Jacob, saddler Carr John, agent Charlton Thomas, joiner and cartwright Charlton Edward, nailmaker Darling William, builder, Sheepwash Guide Post Davison and Partners, Bedlington Colliery Drummond Eobt. superintendent constable for Bedlingtonshire, and court keeper Elsdon James, grocer and draper French William, brewer and malster, and London porter merchant Gibson Ann, chain and nail manufacturer, and ironmonger Landless John, painter Longridge James, Esq. Maclaren Benjamin, L.E.C.S. Edinburgh Marshall George, Esq. ^ Murray George, sm-geon Ogle Rev. Edward C. vicar, Vicarage Oliver Richard, builder Singleton Thomas, builder Smith Mr, Henry Spencer Mr. James, ironmaster, Bedlington Iron Works Soulsby Richard, registrar of births, deaths, and marriages, relieving officer, &c. Taylor Rev. Robert, curate Thompson William, constable, & surveyor of highways Uniteii Kingdom Tempeeance&Geneeal Provident Institution, James Gibson, agent Urwin John, chemist, druggist,&postmaster Waldie Thomas, clock and watchmaker Academies & Schools Duncan George Fisher William Gibb John Turnbull John Blacksmiths Gibson Ann, & nail manfctr Oliver Ralph Soulsby Robert Henry, and agricultm-al implement maker Watson John Wilson William Boot and Shoemakers Foggin WilUam Lee Thomas Rutter Thomas Singleton Henry Soulsby Thomas Stoker Edward Swan William Thompson Nichol Wilson Henry Young William, & librarian Butchers Cole Thomas Dobson Joseph Dowson John Foggin John Orange Joseph Swan Robert, and faiiner Farmers Ayusley Joseph,HowlettHall Bell George,BroadwayHouse Clark William, Wind Mill 893 BEDLINGTONSmRS. Cuny John, Bedlington-lane House Emery Alex. Glebe Farm Lamb William, Eed House Lamb Luke Swan Robert, and butcher Wilson Femyick, Hirst Head Grocers & Provision Dealers Marked * are also Drapers Bell Jane, di-aper only Brown Mrs. *Briggs Samuel Davison John Dawson James, Bedlington Iron Works *Ditchburn Jane A. ^Dickinson William Dobson Joseph Dobson Robert Elsdon James Gledston Mary Gibson Ann, and nail and chain manufacturer James John Johnson Ann K3'le Mary Swan Mary Thornton Edwd. and miller *Wilks James *Taylor John, and merchant tailor, Bedlington ColHery Inns and Taverns Black Bull, Mary Dunn Blue Bell, Mary Gray Bridge Inn, John Ridley Dun Cow, Jacob Smith Grapes, Edward Moore Howard Arms Inn, John Can- Petrie Masons' Arms, Richd. Oliver Bed Lion, William Charlton Sun, John Watson T»r/c's 7Iea^,Thos.Mallaburn Beerhouses BroAvn Thomas Dryden Jane Graham Chrif'topher, Bed- lington Colliery Green WiUiam Kinghora George Lee Thomas Simm Frances Soulsbv John Telfer WiUiam Walkinshaw Thomas Joiners Charlton Thomas Lang] an ds Henry, & cabinet maker Maughan Joseph Younger Joseph Milliners and Dressmakers Forster Hannah McKay John Soulsby Isabella Patterson -r- — Philips Catherine Stonemasons Dees William Gordon Robert Ohver Richard, and builder Tailors Gray Thomas Gutbrie Nicholas Hr.dson George Smith John Shepherd Thomas Soulsby John Taylor John, and draper and grocer, BedlingtonCoUiery An Omnibus leaves the Howard Arms Inn, daily, to meet the trains on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, at Netherton Station. Conveyances Bltth & Tyke Railway, from the Station at Bedlington Colliery, for the conveyance of passengers and merchandise. John Skurr, station master. Caeeiees. — To Newcastle, George Fenwick, Thomas Kenny, and John Swan, on Tuesdays and Saturdays. To Morpeth, Edward Stokoe, on Wednesda}vS and Saturdays. Camboise is a township and hamlet containing 868 acres, the property of Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart , of Blagdon. The population is returned with the parish. The rateable value is i:789 10s., and the soil is principally a strong clay, ^delding good crops of wheat, The Hamlet of Camboise is situated on the coast at the mouth of the Wansbeck, four miles north-east from the village of Bedlington. It is occasionally visited by small vessels with cargoes of draining tiles, and other articles for agricultural purposes; the return cargoes of these vessels are principally confined to stone from the Ashington quarry. The village of North Blyth is also situated in this town- ship, on a small peninsula, at the mouth of the river Blyth. This township was formerly held by a family that assumed the local name, from whom it passed to the Cambhouses, Ellynghams, and the Earl of Westmoreland, coming ultimately into the possession of the present proprietor. In the immediate vicinity of this township, there are two ledges of rocks, called respectively the Camboise ridge, and the Rowcars ; the former situated about half a mile to the east of the mouth of the Wansbeek, are left dry at low B EDLINGTONSHIRE. 890 water ; the latter are also left dry at low water, though there are five fathoms of water close beside them. On the 15th September, 1809, Mr. J. Storey of Camboise, who had been out fishing at sea for his amusement, returned in the evening, and immediately proceeded home to announce his arrival to his family, when his two daughters, one aged fourteen, the other aged twenty -two years, proposed to accompany him to the shore, in order to assist in securing the boat. The eldest daughter and father proceeded towards the boat, while the younger staid at a distance with the light, which suddenly disappearing, the other sister went to ascertain the cause, when, melancholy to relate, the WTetched father never beheld them again alive. It is supposed that they got on a quicksand at the edge of the river and sank. Their bodies were found on the following day. The un- happy father overcome with grief for the loss of his daughters, put an end to his existence on the 25th of the following October, by throwing himself into the river with a large stone tied about his waist. He left a widow and six children. Directory. — ^W. R. Crawford, farmer and shipowner ; Eleanor Ruther- ford, Saracens Head Inn ; Mr. Short, innkeeper, North Blyth ; Richard Wheatley, Brown Bear Inn, High Pans. Choppington is a small township, the property of M. W. Dunn, Esq., J. H. L. Gable, Esq., and others. It is distant four miles east by south from Morpeth, and its rateable value is dGl,234 10s. Darling William, builder, Sheepwasli Guide Post Fenwick Thomas, gardener, Botbal Hangh Gray John, joiner and cartwright, Sheep- wash Guide Post Hall Arthur, grocer, Sheepwash Guide Post Hogarth Jno. grocer, &c. Sheepwash Guide Post Lowes George, blacksmith, Sheepwash Guide Post Overton Thomas, brickmaker, Sheepwash Guide Post Pringle Jane, beerhouse, Sheepwash Guide Post Richardson William, shoemaker, Sheep- wash Guide Post Rutherford Thomas and Ptobert, saw mills and corn millers, Sheepwash Guide Post Rutherford , beerhouse, Sheepwash Guide Post Rutter Edward, beerhouse, Guide Post Thornton Thomas, market gardener Watson John, Anvil Inn, Guide Post Farmers Dunn WiUiam and Joseph, Cleasewell Hill Lowes Robert, North Choppington, Lowes Thomas, South Choppington Lowes WilHam, East Choppington Netherton, or Nedirton, is a township and small village, the property of the Earl of Carhsle, and its rateable value is £9,080 15s. The population is included in the parish returns. Here is a colliery, which is worked by the creditors of John C. Birkinshaw, and affords employment to about 400 persons. The Village of Netherton is situated four miles south by east of Morpeth, and possesses a fine school, erected and endowed, in 1840, by the Earl of Carlisle. It is in the Elizabethan style of architecture, and contains two good school-rooms, besides a residence for the teacher. Post Office, Nethehton, John Stewart, ^postmaster, &t 10 a.m., and are despatched tliereto at 3 p.m. 3 I 5 Letters anive from Morpeth, 90D ISLANDSHIRE. Brown Jolirj, agent, Hartford Bndge Fenwick E. A. Esq. J. P. Netherton Hall Lishman \Vm. agent, Netherton Colliery Kill John, grocer, &e. NewEow Eiddle John, vict. Morpeth Arms Inn Smith Joseph, under viewei-, Netherton Colliery Stewart John, grocer, blacksmith, and post- master Swan , ^nct. Anglers^ Inn, Hartford Bridge Turnbuil John, schoolmaster Farmers Graham Thomas Hall Thomas and James, Blue House Eobson John, Netherton Moor Sadler J. Netherton South Farm Sleekburn (East) is a township and hamlet, the principal proprietors of Vfhich are Lord Barriugton, and Sir M. W. Eidley, Bart. Its rateable value is £680. The Hamlet of East Sleekbum is situated two and a half miles north-east of Bljth, and the principal residents are William Dobson, beerhouse keeper ; John and George Watson ; and the farmers are Mark Coxon ; George Grej, Sleekburn Grange : and John Gray, Mount Pleasant. Sleekbuen (West) is a township and hamlet, intersected by the rivulet from which it derives its name. The principal proprietors are Lord Barrington, and Lord Raveusworth. There is a plantation in this township, con- taining about 140 acres. Rateable value, £2,313 16s. The Hamlet of West Sleekburn, is situated six miles east by south from Morpeth. Directory. — John Dowson, woodman ; Edward Ord, innkeeper ; Thomas Patterson, blacksmith; William Watson, yeoman; and the farmers are John Clarke, Jane Marshall, John Nicholson, and John Young, Whinney Hill. ISLANDSHIRE. IsLAKDSHiRE is bouuded on the north by the Tweed, on the west by Nor- hamshire, on the south by Glendale and Bambrough Wards, and on the east by the German Ocean. It comprises the parish of Holy Island, the three parochial chapelries of Ancroft, Kyloe, and Tweedmouth, and the townships of Elwick and Ross, which belong to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of Belford parish, Northumberland. See jjage 670,. Its area embraces 36,348 statute acres, and its population in 1801, was 6,171 ; in 1841, 8,830 ; and in 1851, 9,643 souls. The soil of this district is a strong fertile clay, mixed with loam, producing excellent and abundant crops. The minerals are lime and coal, which are found in considerable quantities. Islandshire was for many ages a portion of the county of Durham, but by the Acts of the 7 and 8 Yict., it was taken from Durham, and annexed to Northumberland. ANCROFT PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. Ancroft is a parochial chapelry, comprising the townships of Ancroft, Cheswick, Haggerston, and Scremerston, whose united area is 10,210 acres. Population in 1801, 1,144; in 1811, 1,236; in 1821, 1,378; in 1831, 1,384 ; in 1841, 1,670 ; and in 1851, 1.883 souls. The township of Ancroft is the property of Earl Grey and Edward Sibbitt, Esq., the former of whom ANCEOFT FAEOCHIAL CHAPELEY. '901 owns Ancroft, and the latter the village of Greenses. The township was anciently possessed by the Colvil family, but during the 14th centuiy it lay waste, in consequence of the incursions of the Scots. It afterwards became the property of the Greys, by whom it was forfeited, in 1416, on the rebellion of Sir Thomas Grey, but was subsequently restored to the family, with whom it has since remained. Lady Stanley, of Haggerston, is lady of the manor. The acreage, &c., of this township are returned with those of the chapelry. Coal and lime abound here, and brick and tile making are carried on to a great extent. "-'The Village of Ancroft is situated six miles south of Berwick, and ten "tniles north of Belford. It appears to have been at one time a place of some importance, but " the days of its glories are o'er," and it is now a small village. The Chuech is a very ancient structure, erected previous to the year 1145, for we find that in that year it was confirmed to the mother church of Holy Island, by Pope Eugenius 111. The edifice w^as enlarged and thoroughly repaired in 1836, by which means 170 additional sittings were obtained, and in consequence of a grant from the Incorporated Society for building and repairing churches, &c.. Ill of that number are declared free and unappropriated for ever, in addition to 130 formerly provided, 70 of which were free. It was formerly subordinate to the vicarage of Holy Island, but now enjoys all the privileges of a distinct parish. The register commences in 1749. The living, a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindis- farne, and deanery of Norham, is valued at £17; gross income, £133. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Durham ; incumbent, the Rev. William Hewitt. The Bishop and Dean and Chapter of Durham, and the late Arch- deacon of Northumberland, erected at their joint expense a public school here, which is now attended by about eighty pupils ; Joseph Graham, teacher. The Presbyterians have a neat chapel and school at Ancroft Moor. Rev. William Ryder, minister. Geeenses is a village in this township, the property of Edward Sibbit, Esq., of Greenses House. It is situated one mile and a half north-west of Ancroft, and four miles south of Berwick. Post Office, Anckoft, Joseph Graham, 'postmaster. Letters arrive, from Berwick, at 1 p.m., and are despatched thereto at 7-30 p.m. Atkinson Eobert, corn-miller and farmer, Ancroft Mill Bell Adam, farmer ; ho. Ord Dods Ann, vict. Board, Carap Houses Graham Joseph H. teacher & parish clerk Grey George A. farmer, Ancroft Moor ; ho. Whitfield Hill Hewitt Rev. Wm.incTimhent, Parsonage Hogg Thomas, cartwright Kerr Thomas, vict. and farmer, Lamh Inn Lisle William, farmer, North Farm Pinkerton Thomas, farmer, lime burner, and brick and tile manufacturer, Steads Oswald Thomas, lime- burner, Greenses Ray Edward, manager of works, West Allerdean Sibbit Edward, Esq., Greenses House Sibbit John, corn-miller, Allerdean Mill Smith George, farmer, Town Farm, and Loan End Tait Henry, blacksmith Tait Henry, schoolmaster. North Moor Tait William, farmer, South Moor Thompson George, farmer, Oxford Wood George, farmer and coal proprietor, Allerdean Cheswick is a township and village, the property of Robert Grossman, Esq., o Anderson Jno. registrar of births, deaths, & marriages, relieving officer, and assistant overseer for Islandshire, Cheswick West Hall Watson Edward, cartwright Watson Harriet and Mary J., dressmakers and shopkeepers 90-2 iSLANBSHIEE. John Hemswortli, Esq., and Richard Taylor, Esq. The manor of Cheswick was formerly possessed by a family which bore the local name, but through the failure of the male line it was transferred by marriage to seyeral families. Lady Stanley of Haggerston is the present possessor of the manorial rights. The Village of Cheswick is situated about five miles S.S.E. of Berwick. Ladythorn House is pleasantly situated on an eminence from which a beautiful prospect, embracing Holy Island, the Earn Islands, and the coast from Bambrough Castle to Berwick, may be obtained. Farmers Chisholme G-eorge, Cheswick-buildings ; ho. Fenwick Granary Knox John, Cheswick Cottage Me. Gregor George, Windmill Hill Eutherford Edward, and vict. New Inn Thompson Pdchard, Cheswick East House Haggeeston, a township and hamlet in this chapelry, is the property of Lady Massey Stanley, who is also lady of the manor. This township has been the property of the Haggerston family from time immemorial. Sir Thomas Haggerston, the first baronet, was colonel of the Northumberland regiment, which was so distinguished for its attachment to the monarch during the parliamen- tary wars. His eldest son John being killed at Ormskirk fight, the second son Thomas succeeded to the estates, and his eldest son having attached himself to the cause of his monarch, James XL, was killed in Ireland, when the family honours devolved upon his grandson Sir Carnaby, and on his demise, in 1756, they were inherited by his son Sir Thomas Haggerston. He was succeeded, in 1777, by his eldest son Sir Carnaby, who married Frances, daughter of William Smythe, Esq., by whom he had issue one daughter. She was married in January, 1805, to Sir Thomas Massey Stanley, Bart., of Hooton, in Cheshire, who died in August, 1841. Lady Massey Stanley resides at Haggerston Castle, a fine mansion situated in a spacious park. The old castle of Haggerston was destroyed by fire, in 1618, with the exception of one of the towers w^hich still remains, and is memorable as being the place where Edward II. receiyed the homage of Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, for the earldom of Lincoln, in 1311. Attached to the house is a Catholic Church dedicated to Our Lady and St. Cuthbert. The Very Rey. Monsignor Charles Eyre, is chaplain. The HA^iLETof Hag- gerston is situated six and a half miles S.S.E. of Berwick. Post Office, Haggerston. — Isaac Heed, postmaster. Letters anive at 12 noon, and are despatched at 8 a.m. Boyd John, gamekeeper Eyre Very Kev. Monsignor Charles, chap- lain Main Ignatius, farmer, Brockmill Main Thomas, steward, Haggerston Mead Murray Thomas, blacksmith I Mc, Gregor .John, farmer and cornmiller, Bridge Mill Eutherford Dorothy, farmer, New Hagger- ston Stanley Lady Massey,^ Haggerston Castle Simmons Mr. Thomas, The Barns ScREMERSTON is a towuship and yillage, the property of Greenwich Hospi- tal. The manorial rights are in dispute between the Hospital Commissioners 1 HOLY ISLAND PAEISH, 903 and Lady Stanley. This estate was formerly the property of the Eadcliffe family, but on the attainder of the Earl of Derweutwater, it was given to Greenwich Hospital. The Scremerston Colliery is worked by Messrs. Carr & Co., and gives employment to 120 persons. The manufacture of lime, bricks, tiles, and sanitary piping, is extensively carried on here by Messrs. Carr & Co., and R. flail & Co., of Alnwick. The Viliage of Scremerston is situated near the sea shore, three and a half miles S.S E. of Berwick. It was destroyed by the Scots in the year 1386, but was subsequently rebuilt. The Church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a good stone building, with tower and spire, in the early English style of architecture, and was erected in 1843, at a cost of about £1,000. The living, a perpetual curacy valued at £130 per annum, is in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham. Pa- trons, the Dean and Chapter of Durham ; incumbent, the Rev. Hugh Evans, M.A. The National School is a neat stone building, erected in 1842, at a cost, inclusive of teacher s house, of £400, and is capable of accommodating about 130 scholars, average attendance 116. The Commissioners of Green- wich Hospital pay £10 per annum towards the support of the school. Post Office, Eichabdson's Stead, Sceemekston. — William Lewens, postinaster. Letters arrive at 11-30 a.m., and are despatched at 8-15 a.m. Blackett William, blacksmith and agri- j Lewens William, grocer, and provision cultural implement maker | dealer Carr & Co. brick, tile, and sanitary pipe \ Morallee Henry, viewer manufacturers, Scremerston Tile Works, \ Pringle Edward, farmer, Borewell (0x1 owners, Scremerston Colliery and Kenton David, manager for Carr & Co. lime burners. Sea Side Lime Works Scremerston Tile V/orks CaiT Thomas, manager for Ft, Hall & Co. Ricliardson Ralph, manager for Carr & Co. Evans Eev. Hugh, incumbent. Parsonage Sea Side Lime Works Hall R. & Co. brick and tile manufacturers \ Thompson Alexander, farmer Town Farm, Hall William, station master i Winter John, manager, Sea Side Brick and Hogarth Robert, farmer, Inland Pasture j Tile Works Johnson Mrs. Major, Sea Side Houses ' Young William, shopkeeper HOLY ISLAND PARISH. Holy Islais^d is a parish, comprising the townships of Holy Island, Fen- ham, and Goswick, whose united area is 8,296 acres, and its population in 1801, was 601; in 1811, 675; in 1821, 760; in 1831, 836; in 1841, 809; and in 1851, 908 souls. Fenham is a township and small village locally situated on the mainland opposite to Lindisfarne, hut still forming a part of the parish of Holy Island. The township contains three farms, a public house, a corn mill, and a few scattered houses. John Joliffe, Esq., of Essex is the owner of the entire township. The Village of Fenham is situated five and a half miles north by west of Belford, and three miles west of Holy Island. The sands which extend from this place to Holy Island, are known by the name of Fenham Flats, and are fordable at low water. Directory — John Black, farmer, Fenham Hill ; William Cornet, vict. farmer and cornmiller, M/ZZ hin; John Edminson, farmer, Fenham Moor; and Thomas MathisoQ, farmer. 904 ISLANDSHIEE. GoswicK is a township and hamlet situated contiguous to a small bay of the North Sea, and occupying the entrance to the fordable sands between the mainland and Holy Island, on which account it is supposed that this place and Fenham are retained in the parish of Holy Island. Carr John, vict. Salmon Inn Dinning Mr. Henry, Broom House Dinning Mr. John, Broom House Dunbar William and John, farmers, Buttery Hall Erableton John, auctioneer, appraiser, far" mer, and seed merchant, Broom House, near Haggerston, by Berwick-on-Tweed Smith John, farmer Holy Island, a township and village in the parish of the same name, is situated in the German Ocean opposite to Kyloe, and is more properly a peninsula than an island, being insulated only during high water. It was formerly the seat of the bishopric of Lindisfarne, and at present gives name to the district of Islandshire in which it is situated. It is distant five miles N.N.E. from Belford, and nine S.S.E. from Berwick-upon-Tweed. Holy Island is connected with Northumberland by a narrow isthmus, left almost dry at the ebb of the tide, when it can be reached by horses and car- riages from the mainland, which is two miles distant, though to avoid the quicksands in the way a long detour is necessary, which makes the distance almost double, but at the flow, the isthmus is entirely covered with water :— - " The tide did now its floodmark gain, And girdled in the saint's domain ; For, with the flow and ebb, its stile Varies from continent to isle ; Dryshod, o'er sands, twice every day, The pilgrim to the shrine finds way ; Twice every day, the waves efface Of staves and sandalled feet the trace.'' Maemion. This island is about two and a half miles long by one mile and a half broad, and about nine miles in circumference. The northern side consists princi- pally of barren soil and sandhills, and, when north-easterly winds prevail, large quantities of sand are frequently driven to a considerable distance from the shore. The cultivated part of the island is one continued plain inclining to the south-west, and previous to the year 1792, it was used as a stint common, but at that period it was enclosed and cultivated. Upon the southern and most elevated point of the island there v*^as formerly a castle of great strength, beneath which is a harbour, where a life boat is kept, for the pre- servation of shipwrecked mariners, and which, on a signal being made from Bambrough Castle, instantly puts off to sea in any weather. Limestone is abundant on the north side of the island, and iron ore is also found, though not in any large quantities. In the year 94 1 , this island suffered very much from the ravages of war, and also in 1061, when Malcolm, King of Scotland, plundered and harassed the inhabitants. During the civil wars in the reign of Charles I., the island was retained and garrisoned by the parliament, and after this troubled period nothing remarkable occurred in it till 1 745, when it was seized by Launcelot and Mark Errington, for the Pretender. The Erringtons, HOLY ISLAND PARISH. 905 ha^'iug decojed the whole of the garrison, consisting of twelve men, on board their ship, rendered them powerless by drink, and by this means were enabled to seize the castle, from which, however, they w^ere speedily dislodged by a party of the king's troops sent from Berwick. The period of the castle's erec- tion is unknown, but, from the great strength of its situation, it was, no doubt, used as a place of refuge by the monks, shortly after the erection of the abbey. Guns remained upon this battery till 1819, when they were removed by order of the government. The Village of Lindisfarne is situated at the south-west corner of the island, where the land gradually descends towards the sands, which afford excellent accommodation for sea bathing, and for mooring the fishing boats here employed in catching cod, Ung, haddock, &c., which abound on the coast, and whence they are shipped in large quantities to the London market. Many new houses have recently been added to the village, which is now much frequented, and whose beautiful and romantic scenery, solemn walks, ruined cathedral and abbe3^ as well as healthy situation, are highly appreciated. The time worn ruins of the cathedral and abbey of Lindisfarne, though they have frequently been plundered for the erection of houses in the village, are yet magnificent, and show very plainly the former grandeur and magni- ficence of the " sacred isle," where Christianity was first permanently established in Northumbria. The cathedral, like most others in the country, was a cruciform structure : the nave and chancel are still standing, but the other parts of the edifice are a heap of mouldering ruins. The greater por- tion is in the rude and heavy style of the early Saxon architecture, though there is strong evidence that the structure was erected at different periods. Some of the arches are circular and the columns massive, like those of Dur- ham cathedral, but they are much richer in ornament. From the pointed arches still remaining on the north and south walls, we may ascribe that part of the building to the reign of the second Henry, and it is evident that the square tower was erected long after the completion of the other portions of the edifice. The pillars which supported the tower are clustered and possess plain capitals, while the windows are narrow and ornamented with pilasters and mouldings. Of the large central tower the only remaining portion is the south wall, which is about fifty feet in height ; the corner tower at the west end of the church remains in good preservation, and the main walls upon the north and south sides are still standing, though they have shrunk nearly a foot from the perpendicular. A double row of massive pillars sepa- rate the naves from the aisles ; these columns have richly ornamented shafts, twelve feet high, and five feet in circumference. Besides the church, many remains of the abbatial buildings are still visible ; and in the days of its pride it must have been a glorious structure, meriting well the description given of it by the author of Marmion : — " A solemn, huge, and dark red pile, Placed on the margin of tlie isle. In Saxon strength that abbey frowned, With massive arches short and round, That rose alternate, row and row, On ponderous columns, short and low, 006 ISLANDSHIRE. Built ere the art was known, By pointed isle and shafted stalk. The arcades of an alley'd walk To emulate in stone. On the deep walls, the heathen Dane Had poured his ina pious rage in vain ; And needful was stich strength to these, Exposed to the tempestuous seas, Open to rovers fierce as they, ^Vhich could twelve hundred years withstand Winds, waves, and northern pirates' hand. iS'ot but that portions of the pile, Eebuilded in a later style, Showed where the spoiler's hand had been; None but the wasting sea breeze keen Had worn the pillars' carving quaint, And mouldered in his niche the saint, And rounded with consuming power, The pointed angles of each tower : Yet still entire the abbey stood Like veteran, worn but unsubdued.'' By the clearing away of the wreck and rubbish of the fallen part, in 1814, the windows and the great western door, which had been hidden for many ages, were brought to light, and the general appearance of these venerable ruins much im- proved. The architecture of the door-way is the true Saxon, highly ornamented. Subsequently buttresses were erected to support the walls, and various means were taken to preserve the venerable relic of antiquity. The first monastery erected here was in a plain and unpretending style, but it was afterwards, when Lindisfarne became a bishop's see, superseded by an edifice of greater architectural pretensions. Soon after the departure of its inmates, in 882 the monastery was totally destroyed, and the church reduced to ruins, but subsequently a cell of Benedictine monks, subordinate to the priory of Durham, was established here, and its annual revenues at the disastrous period of the Dissolution, amounted to £48 18s. lid., according to Dugdale ; and to £60 5s. according to Speed. Its possessions were granted by Henry VIII. to the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Ancient Bishopeic of I^indisfaene. — The Christian religion established in Northumbria by the preaching of Paulinus and the zeal of King Edwin, became almost eradicated after that monarch's death, and idolatry again pre- vailed, until the reign of St. Oswald, who, as soon as he ascended the throne sent to the Scots, among whom he had dwelt during the period of his exile, desiring they would send him a bishop by whose instruction and ministry his people might be taught the advantages of Christianity, and receive the sacra- ments. His request was at once complied with, and Aidan, a monk of lona, was consecrated bishop and sent into Northumbria, to reconvert the inhabi- tants to the Christian faith. The king himself assisted the missionary in his apostolic labours, travelling with him through his kingdom and interpreting the holy bishop's discourses to the people, so that by the exertions of the HOLY ISLAND PARISH. 907 bisliop and the king, Christianity ^Tas soon re-established in the country. Aidan received from the king the island of Lindisfarne, since called Holy Island, in Nvhich he built a monastery, from which all the churches of Bernicia, from the Tyne to the Tweed, had their beginning, as had also some of those of Deira, from the Tyne to the Humber. Lindisfarne was probably chosen by Aidan as a secure retreat from the ferocious and unconverted states by which he was surrounded, and also for its proximity to Bambrough,the royal residence, and principal fortress of the Northumbrian kingdom. After an episcopacy of seventeen years the good bishop Aidan died, and was succeeded by Finan, a Briton, and a member of the same community as Aidan. During the time that Finan held the see, he had the happiness of baptising two royal converts — Peada, son of Penda, King of the Mercians, and Sigeberct, King of Essex ; both of whom returned to their respective kingdoms, accompanied by mission- aries invested with episcopal powers. Finan also erected a church after the Scottish manner in the island of Lindisfarne, the seat of his bishopric. This church was not constructed of stone but of hewn oak, covered with reeds, and was dedicated to St. Peter the Apostle. Finan died in 661, having been bishop ten years, and was succeeded by Colman, of the same monastery, who resigned the see at the end of three years, having for his successor Tuda, who died of the plague in the year 664. The fifth bishop of Lindisfarne was Eata, a most reverend and meek man, who was succeeded by St. Cuthbert, "who," as Bede tells us, "from his very childhood had always been inflamed with the desire of a religious life ; but he took upon him the habit and name of a monk when he was a young man. He first entered the monastery of Melrose, which is on the banks of the river Tweed, and was then governed by the Abbot Eata, a meek and simple man, who was afterwards bishop of Lindisfarne." Cuthbert was afterwards made abbot over that monastery, where he instructed many in regular life, both by the authority of a master, and the example of his own behaviour. After remaining fourteen years at Melrose he was removed by Bishop Eata to Lindisfarne, of which place he was made prior; an of&ce which he filled with exemplary piety for a period of twelve years. But yearning after a closer communion with God, and desiring more time for meditation and prayer than the duties of his position in the monastery allowed him, he retired, with the permission of his superior, to the largest of the Earn Islands, opposite to Bambrough, where he led the life of an anchoret. He had a cell and a small oratory, both of which were enclosed with a wall so high, as to cut off his view from every sublunary object. He lived this life of solitude for nine years, when he heard with the deepest sorrow, that he had been unanimously elected by the synod of Twyford, to be bishop of the church of Hexham. After much oppo- sition on his part, he was induced by the prayers of the king, the archbishop, and the whole body of the clergy, to receive the episcopal consecration, but from his great predilection for Lindisfarne, he was allowed to exchange sees with Eata, who, for that reason, was translated to Flexham. Following the example of the apostles, he became an ornament to the episcopal dignity by his virtuous actions, for he both protected the people 3 k 908 ISLANDSHIEE. committed to liis charge, b}^ constant prayer, and excited them bj most whole- some admonitions to heavenly practices. Previous to the elevation of St. Cuthbert, the northern churches had received but few endowments, but several munificent donations were afterwards made bj the Northumbrian kiugs, nobles, and others. He received a grant of all the laud from St. Peter's at York, roundto the south wall of the city, and also the tillage of Craike, where he founded a monastery. He was also invested with the city of Carlisle and the lauds for fifteen miles around it. Here the pious bishop restored a decayed nunnery, and instituted a public school. But the value of these, and many other gifts received by the saint, were greatly enhanced by privileges and immunities subsequently annexed to them. Having spent two years in his bishopric, he returned to his island and monastery, where he died two months afterwards, in the o9th year of his monastic profession, A.D. 687. So highly W'as the memory of this saint revered in the north, that more than forty churches and chapels w^ere dedicated in his honour, and King Alfred even had the saint's name stamped upon the coin of the realm. Often did the name of St. Cuthbert rouse the men of the north to the defence of their countr}", and often did his banner lead them on to victory. Shortly after the demise of St. Cuthbert, Eadbert was consecrated bishop. He erected the Cathedral of Lindisfarne, and on the right side of the high altar, caused a beautiful tomb to be constructed, in which he deposited the remains of his sainted pre- decessor. Bede informs us that on the opening of the grave, eleven years after the saint's death, the body was found whole, as if it had been alive, and the joints pliable, more like one asleep than a dead person ; besides, all the vest- ments the body had on were not only found, but wonderful for their fresh- ness and gloss. Eadbert died in 698, and the succeeding bishops of this see w^ere Eadfrid, a learned man, who made a translation of the gospels into Latin ; he died in 724, and was succeeded by Ethelwold, abbot of Melrose ; — eigne wolf, who was consecrated in 740, but afterwards incurred the royal displeasure, for having refused to give up to King Eadbert, the assassinator of Offa, a person of the royal line, who had taken refuge in the church of Lindis- farne ; — Highbald, during whose episcopate the church of Lindisfarne, and many other religious establishments in the north were plundered and dese- crated by the pagan Danes, whose course, in 797, was marked by the mangled bodies of monks, and priests, and nuns, whom they had violated and mxassacred ; Egfrid, who became bishop in 830, and contributed largely to the honour and opulence of the church ; and Eardulph the sixteenth and last bishop of Lindisfarne, who died in the year 900. He possessed the see at the time of the second Danish invasion, when they pillaged and destroyed Tynemouth Priory, and afterwards proceeded northwards, destroying and plundering almost every church and monastery in Northumberland. Ere these barbarians could reach Lindisfarne, the bishop and monks had fled, taking with them the body of St. Cuthbert, and many other precious relics, together with theu' sacred vessels, and away they went wandering through the country like the Israelites of old, not 'knowing where they might find rest. The Danes on their arrival at Lindisfarne, being disappointed of their anticipated booty, ORIGIN AND PEOGRESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. 909 immediately set fire to the sacred edifices, and thus an end was put for ever to the glories of Lindisfarne. The pRESF.xT Pakish Chuech, dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, is a neat small edifice erected from the ruins of the ancient monastery of Lin dis- fanie. It is situated a short distance to the west of the cathedral, and had formerly annexed to it the chapelries of Ancroft, Kyloe, Tweedmouth, and Lowick, hut they are now exempt from its jurisdiction, and have become parochial. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery of Norham ; gross income £207. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Incumbent, the Rev. A. Watson. Here is a school containing upwards of forty children ; it is endowed with three-fourths of an acre of land, a house, and £5 per annum from the trustees of Lord Crew's Charity. Post Office, Holy Island, Jolin Bell, ])ostmaster. Letters arrive from Berwick per foot post, as the tide permits, and are despatched per return of postman. Biigham George, cartwright Cromarty Thomas, shoemaker Gibson Thomas, & Co. lime burners Grey John, pilot Grey Mr. Ealph Lilburn Lieut. James, E.E. Lilbm-n Mrs. PhiUis McDonald Captain Smitli Mr. Joseph Farmers Bell James Brigham James Dickinson Margaret Dickinson Eobert Garden George Hall Michael Eankin WilHam Fish Curers Holmes Ealph Landreth Chapperton, & Co. Steel George E.N. V/illis John Shopkeepers Bell John, and baker Bell Tliomas Grey George Mcintosh E. Mossm^n W. Smith Margaret Smith Wilham Wilson Samuel Yates Elizabeth Stamp Eobert, schoolmaster Straughan George, tailor Taylor George, blacksmith Thew Thomas, tailor , Watson Eev. A. incumbent , Wilkinson Mr. Thomas Wilson Ealph, pilot Wilson William, harbour master Young James, mason Inns, Hotels and Taverns Anchor, Jane Eankin Britannia, George Grey Castle, Thomas Thew Fisherman's Arms, William Eankin Iron EaiZs,Eobert Straughan Northumberland Arms, Wm. Wilson Selbifs Arms, Eoderick Mc- intosh Shijj, John Beadnel Sivan, Margaret Bowmaker Caeeiers. Lilburn. -To Berwick on Saturdays, Eobert Yates, Henry Pattiuson, and- ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. A hrief outHne of the origin and progress of monastic life may not he unacceptable, when speaking of a place, whose associations are entirely monastic, and which is scarcely adverted to in our annals, except in connexion with its cathedral, its abbey, or some of the members of the community attached to its ecclesiastical edifices. In entering upon this portion of our task we must state our entire concurrence with the opinions expressed by the Eev. IVIr. Maitland, Librarian to His Grace the late x\rclibishop of Cautsibury, in his 910 OEIGIN AKD PEOGEESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. preface to the " Dark Ages," p.p. iv. and v., where he says: " It is quite impossible to touch the subject of Monasticisra, without rubbing off some portion of the dirt which has been heaped upon it. It is impossible to get even a superficial knowledge of the medifeval history of Europe, without seeing how greatly the world of that period was indebted to the Monastic orders, and feeling that, whether they were good or bad in other matters, monasteries were beyond all price in those days of misrule and turbulence, as places where (it may be imperfectly, yet better than elsewhere) God was worshipped — as a quiet and religious refuge for helpless infancy and old age, a shelter of respectful sympathy for the orphan maiden and the desolate widow — as central points whence agriculture was to spread over bleak hills and barren downs, and marshy plains, and to deal its bread to millions perish- ing with hunger, and its pestilential train — as repositories of the learning which then was, and well-springs for the learning which was to be — as nurseries of art and science, giving the stimulus, the means, and the reward to invention, and aggregating around them every head that could devise, and every hand that could execute — as the nucleus of the city which in after days of pride should crown its palaces and bulwarks with the towering cross of its cathedral." If then, in the course of this article, Monasticism is treated in a different manner, from that usually pursued, let it be remembered that : — " Men's evil manners live in brass ; their wtues We write in water." and with regard to these institutions, their faults have been fully exposed while the benefits which society has derived from them, have been silently passed over. In the primitive ages of Christianity, we find the most devout among the followers of the Gospel, distinguished by the name of Ascetes. They with- drew themselves from all distracting engagements, and employed their time in the practices of public and private devotion, endeavouring by the exercise of every virtue to attain that sublime perfection so highly sj^oken.of in the holy scriptures. But with the conversion of Constantine and the recog- nition of Christianity by the state, a visible falling away from primitive fervour began to be perceptible, and many bearing the name of Christian continued to cherish the ideas and the vices of Paganism. This relaxation was observed by the more fervent wuth saddened hearts, and they resolved to leave a scene so repugnant to their zeal, and so dangerous to their virtue ; and the vast and sterile deserts of the Thebais were peopled with crowds of anchorets, who, under the direction of Anthony and Pachomious, earned their scanty maintenance by the labour of their hands, and presented to their less fervent brethren models of innocence and sanctity. Such, according to the ancient authors, is the origin of the monastic life. There have not been Avanting writers, who pretend to trace its origin to the time of the prophets in the old law, and who state that the Assideans and Essenians were monks, or persons living in community. With regard to such disquisitions, they are foreign to our purpose, and even were we inclined to enter upon their OjllGIN AND PEOGEESS OF I'HE MONASTIC LtFE. 911 discussioD, our limited space would not permit us. It is a remarkable fact that the first monks vrere laymen, who formed small communities, and obeyed the authority of a common superior. The only dispositions requisite for admission were a spirit of penance and a desire of perfection. So long as the aspirant continued in these sentiments he was carefully trained in tlie duties of his state of Hfe, if he repented of his choice, he was at liberty to depart. But small indeed w^as the number of those who returned to the world they had once quitted, the spirit of perseverance being very strong in the great majority, and it was not until primitive fervour began to dechne, that irrevocable vows w^ere placed as a barrier to the return of those who had embraced the monastic state. From the Egyptian deserts the monastic institute spread rapidly over the neighbouring countries, and the west became anxious to follow the example of the east. At the commencement of the fifth century colonies of monks were planted in every corner of the Roman empire, and the conversion of the northern nations caused these colonies to be considerably increased. The con- verts admired the austere virtue of the institute, and looked up to its professors as to a class of superior beings, the peculiar friends and favourites of heaven. In proportion as the order increased, it was divided and sub-divided without end. Every superior thinking himself at liberty to make such rules and regulations for his monks, as his judgment preferred ; the rule of the Egvptian monks serving as model to all, but varied to suit the circumstances of time and place in which the monks might be situated. Many learned writers have contended that all the primitive monks of this country w^ere of the Benedictine order, "But," as Lingard justly observes, " with the light afforded by the ancient writers, we may still pierce through the gloom of eleven intervening centuries, and discover three grand divisions of the monastic profession, in the followers of St. Gregory, St. Columba, and St. Benedict." Among the foremost patrons of the monastic life w^e find St. Gregory, or as he is more commonly called, Gregory the Great. He himself had laid aside the robe of the Roman Prefect, to assume the cowl of the monk, and possessing large revenues, he devoted them entirely to monastic purposes. From this circumstance, he might with great propriety assume the right of legislating for those w^ho were indebted for their support to his liberality. In the rules wdiich he composed for the guidance of the monks under his authority, we remark one distinctive feature, by means of which we are able to distinguish his order from most others of that period. The time which the other monks devoted to manual labour, he ordained for study, aspiring to the formation of a body of men, whose abilities and zeal might defend the doctrines of the church, and extend its conquests. Bergier tells us " that the order of Gregory the Great seems to have been an attempt to unite as much as possible the clerical and monastic professions. Those of this order wdio were dis- tinguished for their piety or learning, Gregor}'- honoured with his friendship, and on his elevation to the pontificate they were admitted to his council, and from them he choose his missionaries for the Anglo-Saxon nations." Augustine 912- ORIGIN AND PEOGRESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE, on bis arrival in this country followed the example of his superior ; to the clergy of his cathedral he associated some of his former brethren as his advisers and companions, and erected for the remainder a spacious monastery after the Eoman model. Our knowledge of the subsequent history of this order is very limited, though the general opinion is, that it existed till the time of Archbishop Dunstan, when its members adopted the habit and rule of the Benedictines. With regard to the order of monks which observed the rule of St. Columba, we have the authority of Bede, who in different portions of his works, speaks in the warmest manner of their patience, their chastity, their frequent meditation on the sacred writings, and their indefatigable exertions to attain the summit of christian perfection. The memory of their founder, Columba, who was of the royal race of the O'Neills, in Ireland, w^as long cherished wdth particular affection by the people of the North. This order possessed one singular institution, of which we have no other example in ecclesiastical history, viz. : the submission of the provincial bishops, who were members of this order, to the commands of the Abbot, in every point except what appertained to their episcopal functions. Aidan, the Apostle of the North, was a member of this order, and during the course of his missionary labours he kept steadily before his eyes the example of his patron, St. Columba. In order to follow his example more closely he retired to Lindisfarne, where a colony of Scottish monks had been settled, and in their society spent the hours which were not devoted to the exercise of his episcopal duties. The rule of St. Columba has not come down to our times, but from the notices of the lives of the monks, which we find in ancient writers, we learn that community of goods, celibacj^ and the other practices of the monastic state, were observed by them. They chose for their habitations the most dreary solitudes; charity alone could draw them from their cells; never appearing in public except to reconcile enemies, to instruct the ignorant, and to plead the cause of the unfortunate. While the followers of Gregory in the south, and those of Columba in the north, were endeavouring to extend their respective orders, another institute of monks destined to take the place of ail their competitors, attracted the notice of Christendom. For their origin they were indebted to the zeal of St. Benedict, a native of Norcia, v/ho, at the cooimencement of the sixth century, retired to a deep and lonely cavern, amid the mountains of Subiaco. For three years the young hermit enjoyed the sw^eets of retirement, but his retreat becoming known, his example drew around him numbers of monks, who revered him as their parent and law-giver. After some time he left Subiaco, and fixed his residence at Monte Cassino, in the ancient territory of the Yolsci. The most distinguished personages visited his ceil and solicited his blessing, even Totila, the "Scourge of God," as he was called, con- descended to ask his advice, and trembled at the repi'oof of the dauntless abbot. Much relaxation had crept into the monastic institute since the time of Anthony, and Benedict composed his rule, not so much to restore the pristine OETGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. 913 vigour, as to prevent tlie decay of the ancient discipline. " The precepts of monastic perfection," says Benedict in the seventy-third chapter of his rule, "are contained in the inspired writings ; the examples abound in the works of the holy fathers ; but mine is a more lowly attempt to teach the rudiments of a Christian life, that, when we are acquainted with them, we may aspire to the practice of the sublimer virtues." The rub w^hich Benedict gave to his disciples, states distinctly how the various hours of the day w^ere to be employed. Six hours were given to sleep, from which the monks were aroused immediately after midnight, to sing matins in the church, whither they w^ere also called several times during the day, to sing the different portions of the divine office. Seven hours were devoted to manual labour, two to study, and the remainder to the necessary refection of the body. Their diet was simple, the flesh of quadrupeds being strictly forbidden ; but the rigour of this law was mitigated in favour of the children, the aged and the infirm. No particular form or colour of dress was prescribed, the only recommendation being, that it should be adapted to the climate, and similar to that of the labouring poor. This regulation was after- wards altered, and the Benedictines wore a black habit reaching down to their heels, with a cowl or hood of the same, and a scapulary, and under that another white habit. Each monk had a separate bed, but all slept in their habits, ready to repair to the church at the first summons. The Postulant w^as not admitted to the noviciate till after a severe proba- tion. During his noviceship, which lasted for a year, the rule of the order was read over thrice in his presence, and each reading was accompanied by the admonition that he was at liberty to depart. At last, on the anniversary of his admission, he entered the church, and avowed before God and the community, his determination to spend his days in the monastic life, to reform his conduct, and to render obedience to his superiors. This solemn engage- ment he subscribed with his name, and deposited it on the altar. The Benedictine order spread gradually from Monte Cassino, to the utmost boundaries of the Latin Church. Its introduction to this country is ascribed to St. Wilfrid, a monk of Lindisfarne, and bishop of York, who on his pilgrimage to Rome, associated with the Benedictines, and admired the superiority of their rule. On his return from Rome in 666, he introduced this rule among his monasteries, adding to it many customs of the previous discipline, which experience had proved to be useful. Contemporary with Wilfrid, was the celebrated Bennet Biscop, Abbot of Wearmouth, w'ho, having a great desire to embrace the monastic state, visited the most celebrated foreign monasteries, and observed their rule and manner of life. He received the religious habit at Lerins, in France, and after making several journies to Rome, and various parts of the continent, he erected a spacious monastery upon land given him by Egfrid, king of Northumbria, at the mouth of the river Wear. Bennet s reputation soon drew around him numerous disciples, and by another gift from the same king, he was enabled to found a second monastery at Jarrow\ At the death of their founder, these two monasteries contained no less than six hundred inmates. ^ 914 OEIGIN AND FROGiRKSS OF THE MONASTTd LIFE. There is no doubt but tliat tbe Benedictine was tlie general rule of tliese monks, but to this rule were added some improvements, the fruit of Bonnet's observations during his travels. To Bennet, the honour of intro- ducing the art of making glass is ascribed, as is also that of building with stone, and he is said to have been the first wbo formed libraries in this country. Bede tells us that Bennet contributed more to the civilisation of his countrymen, than any other person since the preaching of the Roman missionaries. While the Benedictine order was thus partially established in the north, it was, through the exertions of iVdhelm, of Sherbourn, and Egwin, of Worces- ter, spreading equally in the south. Adhelm introduced the rule into his three monasteries of Malmesbury, Frome, and Bradanford, while Egwin founded the splendid Abbey of Evesham, expressly for Benedictine monks. This order became so firmly rooted in England, that all our cathedral priories, except Carlisle, and most of the richest abbeys in" this country were in the hands of the Benedictines. The form in which the monastic institute is now conducted, was then scarcely know^u ; but that which recommended the Benedictine rule to those who professed the monastic life, was, that it was essential that each monastery should choose its own superior. Such is the account w-e are able to glean from the writers of ancient times, concerning the different religious orders of our Saxon forefathers. In many things, these orders differed from each other, but we find in all the three engaofements which are still considered requisite to the monastic state, viz. : — obedience to a superior, perpetual celi- bacy, and community of goods. Subsequent to the Norman invasion, other orders w^ere introduced, fore- most among which was The Cluniac Order, the first, and principal branch of the Benedictines. It was brought to this country by William, Earl Warren, son-in-law of the Conqueror, and their first house was founded at Lewes, in Suffolk, about 1077. This order was established by Bernon, Abbot of Gigni, about the year 912, and formerly possessed twenty-seven priories and cells in this country. The Order of Grandmont was next introduced into England. It was founded at Grandmont, in Limousin, in France, about 1076, by Stephen, a gentleman of Auvernge. This order followed the Benedictine rule, and was brought into this country in the reign of Henry I., and settled at Abberbury in Shropshire. It possessed but three houses in England. The Carthusians were also a branch of the Benedictines, whose rule, with the addition of a great many austerities, they followed. Their founder was St. Bruno, of Cologne, who first instituted the order at Chartreux, in the diocese of Grenoble, in France, about 1080. Their rule, which was con- firmed by Pope Alexander III., in 1174, was the strictest of any of the religious orders, for they never eat flesh, and were obliged to fast on bread, water, and salt, one day in every week. They always wore a hair shirt next their skin, and were only allowed to walk about their own grounds, once in a week, for none of them were ever permitted to go beyond the confines of the OmaiN AND PEOGEESS OF THE MONASTIC LtFE. 915 mouasteiy, except the priors and procurators, and tliey only when necessity compelled. They were brought into England in 1180, and had their first house at Witham, in Somersetshire. Their habit was all white, with the exception of their outward cloak, w^hich was black, and they possessed nine houses in this country. The Cistercians were founded early in the year 1098, by Robert, Abbot of Molesme, iii the diocese of Langres, in France. This abbot having observed with sorrow the many relaxations which had crept into the Bene- dictine order, and desirous of restoring it to its primitive fervour, in company with the prior, sub-prior, and a small band of the most zealous of his monks, quitted his abbey at Molesme, and went forth to find some other place where they might observe the rule of St. Benedict in all its pristine integrity. This was the cause of the foundation of the order of Citeaux, or Cistercians, an order which in a short time became very numerous. Their abbeys were generally founded in solitary and uncultivated places, and their churches were all dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. The monks of this order came to England in 1128, and had their first monastery at Waverly, in Sussex, whence they soon spread over the length and breadth of the land, as the ruins of their once splendid abbeys of Byland, Kirkstall, Fountains, Furness, WhaUey, Tintern, and Netley, plainly show. Previous to the dissolution of the monastic establishments, the order possessed no less than eighty-five abbeys and monasteries in this country. The Cistercian order is remarkable as being the only one of the ancient religious orders which has been revived in these countries in our own times. At Mount St. Bernard, near Lough- borough, in Leicestershire, and at Mount Melleray, in the county of Water- ford, in Ireland, we see the austere rule of the ancient Cistercians in full practice. There we have the abbey, with its abbot, prior, and sub-prior, as in days of yore ; the " desert, uncultivated, and ban-en land," by which these establishments are surrounded, is being reclaimed by the persevering industry of the monks, and the generous monastic hospitality of the old Cistercians is exercised by their successors, as far as their limited means will allow. Passing from the monks we come next to the canons, who were divided into two classes, Regular and Secular. The Secular canons were clergymen who performed spiritual offices for the laity, and took upon themselves the cure of souls, which the Regular canons could not do without dispensation. They differed in nothing almost from ordinary priests, save that they were under the government of some local statutes. For though in some places they were obliged to live in common under the sam.e roof as the monks and regular canons did, yet they generally lived apart, and were maintained by distinct prebends, almost in the same manner as the canons and prebendaries of our cathedral and collegiate churches at the present day. Regular canons were such as lived under some rule. They w^ere a less strict sort of religious than the monks, but lived together in common, and were obliged to observe the statutes of their order. The chief rule observed by these canons, was that of St. Augustine ; they were little known till the 3 K 3 916 ORIGIN AND PEOGEESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. ten til or eleventh century, were not brouglit to England till after the Con- quest, and seem not to have obtained the name of Austin Canons until some time afterwards. Their habit consisted of a long black cassock, with a white rochet over it, and over that a black cloak and hood. There were about 175 houses of regular canons in England and Yfales. Besides the common and general kind of canons, there were also the fol- lowing particular orders, viz. : — First, such as observed the rule of St. Augustine, according to the regulations of St. Nicholas, of Arroasia; this order possessed five houses in England. Second, those who adopted the rule of St. Augustine, according to the order of St. Victor ; they had three houses in this country. Third, those of the order of St. Augustine, who adopted the institutions of St. Mary of Meretuue ; they had only one house in England. Fourth, the Premonstratensian canons who lived according to the rule of St. Augustine, as reformed by St. Norbert, Archbishop of Magde- burg, in 1120, at Premonstratum, in the diocese of Laon, in Picardy. It was called Premonstratum, because it was said to have been pointed out by the Blessed Virgin to the head of this reformed order. The members of this institute were also called White Canons from their habit, which was a v/liite cassock, with a rochet over it, a long white cloak, and white cap. They were brought to England shortly after 1140, and first settled at New- house, in Lincolnshire. There were about thirty-five houses of this order in England previous to the Dissolution. Fifth, the Sempringham or Gilbertine canons, who were founded by St. Gilbert, at Semprhigham,in Lincolnshire, in 1148, and confirmed by Pope Eugenius. Their rule Avas composed from that of St. Augustine' and St. Benedict, with some special modifications of their own. The habit of these canons was a black cassock, with a white cloak over it, and a hood lined with lambskins. At the suppression of the religious establishments, there were twenty -five houses of this order in the kingdom. Sixth, the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre were instituted at the com- mencement of the twelfth century, inimitation of the regulars established at the church of the Holy Sepulchre, at Jerusalem, They were sometimes called Canons of the Holy Cross, and wore the same habits as the other Augustinian canons, distinguished only by a double red cross upon their cloak or upper garment. Their first house in this country was at Warwick, where they settled in 1135, and at the period of the Dissolution, they pos- sessed only two houses in England. Besides these orders of men, there were Benedictine, Gilbertine, Cluniac, Cistercian, Carthusian, Augustinian, and Premonstratensian nuns, who fol- lowed the same rules with their respective monks-, omitting only what was proper for their sex, and vrore habits of the same colour, having their heads always covered with a veil, To the orders of nuns just mentioned, we must add some others which deserve particular notice. First, nuns of the order of Fontevrault, which was founded at the latter part of the eleventh century, by Robert D'Abrissil, at Fontevrault, in Poictiers, where he erected an abbey for his followers, about 1100. Though this order, which was a reforma- tion of the Benedictines, was chiefly for women, yet on the continent; they OEIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. . 917 had also religions men belonging to the institute, who \Yere under the govern- ment of the abbess ; for the founder took as his model, the recommendation bj our Blessed Saviour, of the Blessed Virgin, and St. John the Evangelist, to each other, and directed that the men should acknowledge the abbess, or prioress, of every convent, as their superior, and submit to her authority both in spuituals and temporals. The abbess of Fontevrault was the general supe- rioress and head of the order. The nuns of this institute were brought into England by Robert Bossu, Earl of Leicester, before 1161, and placed at Nun Eaton, in the county of Warwick. There were only two other houses of this order in England, and we fiud no mention made of any monks in them, but only of a prior at Nun Eaton. They wore a kind of tunic or cassock, of undyed wool, and over that a large black garment. Second, nuns of the order ^f St. Clare, who founded her order at Assissi, in Italy, about the year 1212. It was confirmed by Pope Innocent III., and again by Pope Honorius, in 1223. St. Clare being a native of the same town, and living at the same time as St. Francis, the founder of the order of Friars Minors, and her nuns observing the same rule, and wearing the same coloured habit as the Francis- can Friars, were often called Minoresses. They were likewise called the Poor Clares, from their scanty endowments. They were brought to England by Blanche, Queen of Navarre, wife of Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, about 1293, and had their first house without Aldgate, in London. At the Disso- lution, they had four houses in England. Third, Briggitines, or nuns of our Holy Saviour, who were instituted by St. Bridget, princess of Nericia, in Sweden, about the middle of the fourteenth century, under the rule of St. Augustine, with some additions of her own. This order, though chiefly for women, had men in every convent, who lived in different apartments, and differed from all other orders, in requiring a particular number of men and women, in every house, viz, : — Sixty nuns, thirteen priests, eight deacons, and four lay brothers. Their habit was a tunic of coarse grey w^oollen, and a cloak of the same. The nuns had five small pieces of red cloth on their veils, to represent the five wounds of our Eedeemer. The priests had a red cross on their breasts, with a round piece of cloth of a white colour in the centre of it to represent the host, the deacons had a white circle, with four pieces of red cloth to represent tongues, and the lay brothers had a white cross with five red pieces, to represent the five wounds. There was but one house of this order in England, that at Sion, in Middlesex, which was founded by Henry V., in 1414. Friars. — The Dominfcans were founded by St. Dominic, from whom they obtained their name. They were also caHed Black Friars, from the colour of the habit, and Friars Preachers, from preaching being the peculiar object of their institute. Their rule, winch was chiefly that of St. Augustine, was approved of by Pope Innocent III., and confirmed by Pope Honorius, in 1216. At the foundation of their order, these friars wore the same habit as the Augustinian Canons, but in 1219, they took another, consisting of a wliite cassock and hood over it, and when they went abroad they wore over these a black cloak and hood. This order was introduced into this country in 1221, ^18 ORIGIN And progress op the monastic life. and had their first house at Oxford ; at the Dissolution they possessed forty- three convents. There were also nuns of this order, though there does not appear to have heen any in England. The Franciscans were founded by St. Francis of Assissi, in the year 1209, and then- rule was confirmed by Pope Innocent III., in the following year. They were called Franciscans from their founder, Grey Friars from the colour of their habits, and were also known by the name of Friars Minors. They wore a loose habit of a grey colour, with a cloak and cowl of the fame, they girded their loins with a cord, and went barefooted. They were brought to this country in 1224, and had their first convent at Canterbury. Relaxations having crept into this order, it was reformed and brought back to its primitive discipline. Afterwards those who followed the mitigated rule were called Conventuals, while those who accepted the reformation were styled Recollects, or Observants. This order is said to have been introduced into England by Edward IV., but there is no account of them prior to the reign of Henry VII., who built two or three houses for them. At the suppression of the monastic establishments the Conventual Franciscans had about fifty-five houses, which were divided into seven wardenships, viz. — those of London, York, Cambridge, Bristol, Oxford, Newcastle, and Worcester. As to--4}ie Capuchins, and other distinctions of this order, they chiefly rose since the Reformation, consequently they possessed no houses in this country. The Trinitarians, Maturines, or Friars of t&e Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives, were instituted by St. John of Matha and Felix of Valois, about the year 1197, and observed the rule of St. Augustine, with some peculiar modifications adapted to the objects of their institute. This order was confirmed by Pope Innocent III., who gave them a white habit, with a red and blue cross upon their breasts, and appointed that their revenues should be divided into three parts, one of which was to be used for their own support, another w-a-s to be devoted to the poor, and the third w^as to be applied to the redemption of such Christians as were or should be taken prisoners by the infidels. The name of Trini- tarians was given to them from all their churches being dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and Maturines from having their first house near the chapel of St. Maturin. They were brought into England, in 1224, had then' first house in Kent, and at the Dissolution possessed ten or twelve convents. The Carmelites, or White Friars, came next into this kingdom. Their origin is unknown, but the}'" were established upon Mount Carmel, in Syria, from time immemorial, whence they were driven by the Saracens about the year 1238. Then* rule, which was founded upon that of St. Basil, is said to have been composed for them by Albert, Patriarch of Jerusalem, in 122-i:. Their garments are said to have been at first white, but being obliged by the infidels to make them party-coloured they continued the use of such for half a century after their introduction into Europe, and about the year 1290, made them white again. This order was first brought into England, in 1240, by the Lords John Vesci and Pdchard Grey, and had their first houses at Alnwick, in Northumberland, and Aylesford, in Kent, at the latter of which places pEIGIN AND PE0GEES3 OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. 919 their fii-st European chapter was held, m 1S45. There were ahout forty houses of this order in England. The Oedee of Ceossed oe Ceouched Feiaes w^as instituted, or at least reformed, hy Gerrard, prior of St. Mary of Morrello, at Bologna, and confirmed, in 1169, by Pope Alexander III., who brought them under St. Augustine's rule, and made some other constitutions for their government. They obtained their name from their having, at first, carried a cross fixed to a staff in their hands, but afterwards they had a cross of red cloth upon the backs or breasts of their habits, which Pope Pius XL ordered to be of a blue colour. They came into England in 1244, and had theu' first convent in Colchester. At the Dissolution they possessed six or seven houses in this country. We possess no authentic information regarding the foundation of the Augustinian Friars, or Friars Eremites of the order of St. Augustine, v/ho were introduced into this country about the year 1250, and wore a white garment and scapular, when in the convent, but in the choir and when they went abroad, they had over the former a black cloak and hood, which were gilt with a black leather thong. They had about thirty-two houses here at the time of the suppression of the monastic institutions. The Feiaes of the Oedee of Sac, and the Bethlemite Feiaes appeared in England both in the same year, 1259. Of their origin we pos- sess no information. The right style of the former was " Friars of the penance of Jesus Christ," but they were more commonly called Friars of the Sac, from their habits being shaped like a sack, or made of sackcloth. This order was suppressed by the council of Lyons, in 1307. The Bethlemite Friars followed a rule, and wore a habit almost the same as the Dominicans, but were distinguished from them by a red star of five rays, with a blue circle in the middle of it, worn upon their breasts in memory of the star which appeared to the Magi and conducted them to Bethlehem. There seems to have been only one house of the order in England, that at Cambridge. The order of St. Anthony of Vienna, was instituted in 1095, for the help and relief of such persons as were afflicted with the painful inflammation called St. Anthony's Fire. The members of this order followed the rule of St. Augustine, and wore a black habit with the letter T of a blue colour upon their breasts. They came to England early in the reign of Henry IIL, and had one house at London and another at Hereford. The last order of Friars which was brought to England, was that of Bon-hommes or Good Men, who were introduced by Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, in 1283, and placed atAshering, in Bucks, besides which they only possessed another house in England, that of Edington, in Wiltshire. These friars observed the rule of St. Augus- tine, and wore a black habit. Their local superiors were called rectors, and one of them was styled president of the order. Of the military orders of the religious there were but two in England, viz : — The Knights Hospitallees, and the Knights Teiniplaes. The first of these began and received its name from an hospital built at Jerusalem, for the use of pilgrims coming to the Holy Land, and dedicated to St. John the Baptist ; for the duty of these knights was to provide for such pilgrims at that hospital, 920 ORIGIN AND PEGCtEESS GF THE MONASTIC LIFE. and to protect them from injuries and insults upon the road. They were founded about the year ] 092, and were much favoured b}^ Godfrey of Bouillon, and his successor, Baldvriri, king of Jerusalem. They followed chiefly the rule of St. Augustine, and wore a black habit with a wdiite cross upon it. This order rapidly rose to wealth and power, and their superior in this country was the first lay baron, and had a seat in parliament. The Hospitallers were brought into England in 1 100, and established themselves in London. There "were also sisters of this order, but they had only one house in this kingdom, that of Bucldand in Somersetshire. The Knights Templars were founded in 1118, by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and consisted at first of nine knights, w^ho lived in community near the site of the temple, and whose duty it was to protect pilgrims and to guard the roads near Jerusalem. They observed the rules of St. Augustine, and wore a white habit v,'ith a red cross upon the left shoulder. They came into this country probably in the reign of Stephen, and had their first house in Holborn. They increased rapidly and in a short time attained considerable wealth and importance. Philip the Fair, repeatedly denounced this order to the Pope, Clement V., and at length arrested all the Templars in his dominions. Clement blamed his precipitancy, and reserved the inquir}^ to the Holy See. He informed all Christian kings of the pro- ceedings, and appointed judges to examine the charges which had been pre- ferred against the order. The process lasted three years. It is not in human nature, that all the members of a rich and powerful order should be immac- culate, but against the bulk of the order no charge was substantiated. Such a storm, however, had been raised by the king of France, that Clement deem.ed it prudent as a matter, not of justice, but of expediency, to suppress the order, in 1313. In some places their property had already been confiscated by rapacious princes; in England the judges decided that it reverted to the lords of the fees as their escheats. As, however, these lands had been given for religious purposes, the parliament refused to appropriate them, but " for the health of their souls, and discharge of their consciences," assigned them to the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. The superior of this order was styled the master of the Temple, and w^as often summoned to parliament. The Oeder of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, of which there were a few houses in England, seems to have been founded for the relief and support of lepers and impotent persons belonging to the military orders. Such are the various orders w'hich existed in England anterior to the Pteformation, let us now take a short review of the motives which led to their suppression. Henry VIII. , having given the rein to his licentious passions, and cast off the papal supremacy, which refused to sanction him in the indulgence of his unlawful appetites, found that one great obstacle to the changes he wished to make in the countrj^ w^as the existence of numerous and power- ful monasteries. In these were to be found men who could not easily be persuaded to exchange the supremacy of the Pope for that of the King, men who would not forswear themselves, and deny the articles of their faith at the bidding of a tyrant. This then was one motive which caused the religious houses of England to be obnoxious to Henry, Avhose whole heart was bent OrvlGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE JIONASTIO LIFE. 931, upon establishing his spiritual supremacy, and these were the bodies from which he was sure to receive the most determined opposition. They must, therefore, be removed out of his way, they must be sacrificed to his ambition. Another, and not less powerful motive, was to be found in the great wealth of some of these religious houses. The example of Germany had shown that the church might be plundered with ease, and also with impunity. This lesson was not lost upon the English monarch, who was " strongly disposed," says Bishop Godwin, "to promote any reformation which might turn a penny, and furnish his exchequer." Indeed Cromwell, his prime minister in eccle- siastical matters, had long since promised that, if tlie king would only assume the spiritual supremacy, the wealth of the church should soon be placed at his disposal. Another party interested in the dissolution of the monasteries were the nobles, who auxiously looked for a considerable share of the spoils, and therefore lent a very willing aid. AVith such an opposing force, it Vv'as next to impossible for the religious houses to preserve their property. Yet so great was their hold on the hearts of the people, that it was no easy matter to dispossess them. It could not be done by fair means. Plain straight- forward dealing they could meet, without any fear of the result, but this would not suit the purposes of their enemies, who therefore adopted another line of action. Acting upon the principle of the old proverb, " Give a dog a bad name and hang him," their enemies determined upon calumniating these institu- tions, taking away their good character as far as possible, and representing that in many of them the rules of the order were not properly observed, but that eveiy sort of vice and wickedness prevailed, and it was suggested that they should be visited and inspected, with a view to their reformation. Another device also, by which it was sought to predispose the public mind in favour of any severe measures that might hereafter be taken against the monasteries, was to set a rumour in circulation that there was some prospect of a war with the Emperor of Germany, whose large fleet was then conveying the wealth of the Indies U his European dominions. It was said, that if the king wished to extend the commerce of the country proportionably to the opportunities that had been lately offered by the discovery of America, he must fortify his existing ports, and make new ones. This could not be done with- out a large outlay, a charge too great for the crown revenues, and for which the king would not willingly burden his subjects with a new tax. Should it be found, therefore, that any of these monasteries were so deeply immersed in vice that reformation was impossible, and should it be determined that they ought rather to be su^^pressed, their confiscated revenues would be found most conveniently to supply the necessary funds, and lest any one should scruple about the propriety of devoting to secular purposes, monies that had been solemnly set apart for the service of God, another project was also talked about, though, if we may judge from the result, without any serious intention of ever really carrying it into effect, it was said that the monarch wished to increase the number of bishoprics, and that the revenues of the suppressed monasteries would provide an ample endowment for the new sees. The destruction of these institutions having been determined upon, no 92S ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. means were spared to prepare the popular mind for such a result, and various plausible pretexts were invented to divert the attention of the people from the manifest injustice of the transaction. It was proposed that the King should appoint some one to visit the monasteries, but as if to render the mockery patent to all, Cromwell was the person chosen to be visitor — a man who had not only professed his determination to carry out the King's wishes, but had actually himself been the first to suggest the idea. He appointed commissioners to assist him in his visitation, and at first every effort was made both by bribes and intimidation, to extort from the authorities at the head of each monastery, a voluntary surrender of their property, but when these failed, all kinds of scandalous stories were invented and circulated, so as to form some sort of ground for their suppression. The Commissioners, on their return, gave in a. most tragical account of the immorality which they had discovered. Yet, strange to say, in the preamble of the statute which was drawn up in obedience to the report of the Commission, for the dissolution of the lesser abbeys, while it was stated that in them there was much ungod- liness of living, and that redress was required for the good of religion, it was also distinctly acknowledged, that in the larger monasteries " religion was right well kept," and therefore it was proposed that these smaller houses should be suppressed, but that such of their inmates as desired it should be allowed to go into the larger houses. Thus was completed the first movement towards the destruction of the religious institutions of our ancestors. The dissolution of the smaller houses only prepared the way, and made the dissolution of the larger ones more easy. The same process which had been so successful in effecting the overthrow of the smaller houses, was now^ repeated against the others. Large pensions were offered to those abbots and priors who would make what was called a voluntary resignation of their property ; but, where bribery failed, menaces were employed, and some were temfied into submission by the extraordinary rigour adopted against those who stood up manfully for their rights and possessions. The monks of the Charter House, London, were committed to Newgate for what the Commissioners w^ere pleased to term " traitorous behaviour," which w^as,iu fact, neither more nor less than the refusal to surrender. Five of these monks died of the hardships they endured, and five more with difficulty escaped the same fate. The Abbot of Glastonbury and two of his monks were treated in an inhuman manner. Dugdale tells us that this abbot "governed his monastery with great prudence and judgment, that his table, attendance, and ofiicers, were an honour to the nation ; that his apartment was a sort of well disciplined court, where the sons of noblemen and gentlemen were sent for virtuous education, and returned thence excellently accomplished; that he had bred up nearly three hundred after this manner, besides others of a meaner rank, whom he fitted for the Universities ; and that every week, on Wednesdays and Fridays, all the poor of the neigh- bourhood were relieved by his particular charity," — this Abbot, continues our authority, " being unwilliug to surrender his abbey to the King, or to lend an ear to any of the sohcitations which were addressed to him, was seized at his manor house, upon the pretence of embezzling the plate belonging to the ORIGIN AND PEOGEESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. 9'-^3 conveut, and without much formal process as to law or equity, was drawn from Wells, where he had been condemned, to Glastonbury on a hurdle, and hanged, with two of his monks ; being hurried out of the world without regard to his age, and not so much as suffered to take leave of his convent." Certainly such an example as this w^as calculated to persuade many a timid abbot or prior to make a voluntary surrender of his property. If, however, any were still refractory, and yet it w^as not deemed expedient to put them to death, the obnoxious individual was forcibly deposed by the King, and some more manageable monk put in his place. In other instances the seals of the con- vents were taken away, and by this means the inmates w-ere deprived of all means of subsistence. They were no longer able to make leases, nor to sell their jewels ; the means of paying their debts were denied them, and they could not even procure the very necessaries of life. Thus they were reduced at last, and starved into a surrender. Having at length gained possession, an act of parliament was passed, conveying all the religious houses, colleges, hospitals already dissolved, or to be dissolved hereafter, to the king, his heirs, and successors for ever, and in the preamble it is stated that sundry abbots, priors, abbesses, &c., had given the king their manors, lands, &c., of their own free and voluntary minds, goodwill, and assent, without constraint or comjndsion. In order that parlia- ment might be well disposed to the passing of the bill, promises were made to the nobility of large shares in the spoils. As there are some who profess to credit the scandalous stories told by the commissioners, concerning immo- ralities practised in the monasteries, we may state, that whenever a cathedral church was newly founded, or remodelled, in a place where a monastery had been suppressed, we almost invariably find that several of the dismissed monks were promoted to honours and dignities in the new foundation. Thus on the dissolution of the monastery of Christ Church, Canterbury, for instance, Archbishop Cranmer himself admitted to the new collegiate church no less than thirty members of the dissolved priory, and others of them were preferred in other churches. "If lewdness and immorality had been scan- dalously practised in this house," observes Dugdale, " Cranmer could not have suffered them to have been admitted into this college: hereupon," he continues, "let us lay aside all such reports concerning immoralities practised in the convents, and let us build upon surer grounds, and more Christian principles, the reasons whereby we justify the dissolution of popish monasteries in this nation." " Are the monks charged with covetousness ?" ask the same writer. " They did indeed abound in wealth, but they neither enriched their families nor consumed their wealth upon their lusts. All they had was spent either in alms or hospitality, or else in stately and magnificent buildings, of which the present fabric of the church (at Canterbury) is a fair monument ; or else in decking and beautifying the church with the richest ornaments, wherein they abounded. Are they accused of idleness ? Their life, indeed, was not much spent in bodily labour ; but much of it in bodily exercises, in fastings, penances, devout meditations night and day, and in some other superstitious formalities wherein they placed too much merit, and which t)2.4 OEIGIN AND PEOGEESS OF THE MONASTIC LIF^. • tliey mistook for godliness itself. Are they censured as illiterate ? In these times there was but little learning in the world ; but most of the learning that there was, was to be found in the cloisters of the monks, where some did attain to such a proficiency of knowledge, as in those times was to be esteemed high and great. Are they condemned as guilty of intemperance and luxury ? They had their daily allowance of food and wine in their com- mon refectory, but I do not conceive that this daily allowance did administer to excess, even upon their extraordinary festival commemorations." To these queries and replies by Dugdale, it can scarcely be requisite to add anything. We will rather devote our remaining space to some account of the conse- quences that followed the dissolution of the monasteries. No less than 376 such establishments fell, and a yearly revenue of £32,000 was brought into the royal exchequer, besides goods and chattels to the value of £100,000. But on the other hand, more than 10,000 persons were cast into the world, without any adequate provision, ruined and undone. A piteous and unusual sight presented itself throughout the country. Monks and nuns wandering about asking for bread; they who had so continually ministered to the wants of the poor, now themselves in need of the commonest necessaries of life. And' even this resource was soon denied them, for in the following reign, parlia- ment made a statute against vagabonds, which was in reality levelled against the monks. Whilst the monks and nuns were thus reduced to beggary, the churches and monasteries which they had built vfere rilled, profaned, pulled clown, or turned into dwelling houses, barns, or pigeon-houses; the church plate was swept away, the sacred furniture converted to common use, and the choirl ornaments removed, in order to decorate the drawing-room, and bed- chamber. Something had been said in the beginning about a prospect of war, and the necessity of making provision for it, something had also been rumoured about the creation of new bishoprics. But out of the eighteen bishoprics which had been talked of, no more than six were established ; and as for the war, it was a mere pretence to deceive the people. The means which had been so fraudulently obtained, on the pretext of providing for the war, were no longer at the king's disposal, for large promises had been made beforehand to the nobles and to others, and these were kept. The property was not applied to pious uses. The abbeys were not turned into public schools, and semi- naries of learning, nor into hospitals, nor into ajdums for the poor, but were made over to the royal favourites, and were often bestowed in acknowledg- ment of the most trivial services. Fuller tells us, for instance, that the king *' granted a religious house to a gentlewoman, because she presented him with a dish of pudding which happened to please his palate," He even made church property his stake at play, and thus played away many thousands a year that had once belonged to the monasteries. To one nobleman no less than thirty monasteries were allotted, to another thirteen, and by these means the property was soon dissipated past all recovery. And how did these nobles use the possessions which they had thus obtained ? " Who can call to mind without grief and indignation," says Southey, *' how many magnificent OEI&IN AND PEOaEESS OF THE MONASTIC LIFE. 925 edifices were overtbrown in this uudistinguislnng havoc ! Malmesbuiy, Battle, Waltham, Malvern, Tintern, Nievaulx, Fountains, Wlialley, Kirkstall, and so many otliers ; the noblest works of architecture, and the most venerable monuments of antiquity ; each the blessing of the surrounding country, and collectively the glorj^ of the land. Glastonbury, which was the most vener- able of all, even less for its undoubted age, than for the circumstances con- nected with its history, and which in beauty and sublimity of structure, was equalled by few, surpassed by none, was converted by Somerset, after it had been 'Stript and dilapidated, into a manufactory^, where refugee weavers, chiefly French and Walloons, were set up in their trade. The persons into whose hands the abbey lands had passed, used their new property as ill as they had acquired it. The tenants were compelled to surrender the writings, hj which they held estates for tvv^o or three lives at an easy rent, payable chiefly in produce; the rents were trebled, and quadrupled, and the fines raised in even more enormous proportions, sometimes even twenty-fold. Nothing of the considerate superintendence which the monks had exercised, nothing of their liberal hospitality, was experienced from these ' step-lords', as Latimer, in his honest indignation, denominated them. The same spirit which converted Glastonbury into a woollen manufactory, depopulated whole domains, for the puiqDose of converting them into sheep-walks ; the tenants being turned out to beg, or rob, or starve. To such an extent was their inhuman system carried, tbat a manifest decrease of population appeared." The contemporary historians tell us, that the whole face of the country was changed, it was over- run with pauperism. As long as the monasteries stood unmolested, there had been no necessity for acts of parliament for the relief of the poor, no assessment upon' the parish for that purpose, no union workhouse, no poor-law guardians and relieving officers, by whom poverty is very often treated as a crime. The rule of the abbeys was a Christian rule. They exercised hospi- tality towards the rich, and charity towards the poor ; and when they were suppressed, it was acknowledged, even by those who had been instrumental in their destruction, that there was a general decay of charity. They said that "in more than a hundred places where, in former times, twenty pounds a year were regularly given to the poor, now not one meal of meat was given ;" and the misery which was the consequence of this may easily be imagined. "In truth," says the Eev. Peter Newcome, Rector of Shenley, Herts, "the monks did more to civilise mankind, and to bring them within the comforts of society, than any set of men of any denomination have ever done. And yet the ungrateful world, that was enjoying the fruit of their labours, and their riches, now that it beheld the edifice completed, cast down the builders and the scaffolding as if no longer useful ! In spite of all the calumny thrown out against these monastic institutions, nothing so ^\eW proclaims their utility as this — that they maintained themselves in credit and repute, some of them a thousand years, and many of them during the space of three hundred, four hundred, and five hundred years, and that, when they were dissolved, Edward VI., and his counsellors, found it necessary to endow new hospitals, to build new schools, and to provide new relief for the poor and helpless." QM ISLA^DSHIEE. Such is a brief outline of the rise and j^rogress of the monastic state, of the introduction of the various rehgious orders into this countr}'-, and of the dissolution of the monasteries, at the time of the Reformation. Such were the motives which led to their suppression, the manner in which that sup- pression was effected; and from whatever point of view we contemplate it, we see the mark of evil set upon it in the most plain and unmistakeabie manner. It had its origin in the worst passions of the human heart : it was carried out by a mixture of fraud and most cruel violence, and without con- ferring anjreal benefit on any part of the nation, it produced ruin and misery for the poor. Thev, above all other classes of society, have reason to lament the day that saw " That -s-iolent commotion, which o'erthrew, In town and city, and sequester'd glen. Altar and cross, and church of solemn roof, And old religious house, pile after pile ; And shook the tenants out into the fields, Like wild heasts without a home !" WOBDSWOETH. KYLOE PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. Kyloe parochial chapelry comprises the townships of Beal with Lowliu, Berrington, Buckton, Fenwick, and Kyloe, whose united area is 8,285 statute acres. The population in 1801, was 968 ; in 1811, 958; in 1821, 990; in 1831, 927 ; in 1841, 1,023; and in 1851, 1,003 souls. Coal and lime are found in this district. Beal witpi Lowlix township is the property of Hugh Taylor, Esq., The acreage, &c., are included in the returns of the chapelry. This township was formerly possessed by a family which bore the local name, from whom it was transferred to the Bullocks, and from them to the Twizells, becoming ultimately the property of the present proprietor. The Hamlet of Beal is •situated near the sea, six and a half miles N.N. AY. of Belford. Here is a station on the l^ork, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, and trains stop here three times daily, Thomas Stewart, agent. DiRECTOEY. — Adam Carter, cornmiller, Lowlin Mill; Henry Knight Gregson, Esq., Lowlin House ; Thomas Scott, farmer ; Thomas Stewart, stationmaster ; and John Tait, housebreaker, The Lcunb, Lowlin. Berringtox is a township and hamlet in the above chapelr}^ with which the acreage, population, &c. are returned. The Hamlet of Berrington is situated on the Wooler road, eight miles south of Berwick. Berrington House is the seat of Mrs. Eleanor Grey. The principal residents are Mrs. Eleanor Grey, Berrington House ; Mr. Adam Thompson ; and the farmei-s are John C. McDonald, South Berrington; Robert Mathisou, (hind) Berring- ton Lough ; and George Turnbull, Berrington Law. Buckton, a township in this chapelry, situated at the southern extremity of Islandshire, is in the occupancy of James Hogg, farmsr, and at East Kyloe. Fenwick is a township and hamlet, situated four and a half miles N.N.W. TWEEDMOUTII PAr.OCHIAL CIIArELEY. 9S7 of Belford. The principal residents are Robert Aj^re, blacksmith ; John Brigbam, joiner ; Robert Brigham, joiner ; George Chisholm, farmer and brick and tile manufacturer, Fenwick Granary and Mount Hoolej ; Mark Chisholm, farmer, Fenwick Stead ; William Jeffreys , schoolmaster ; John Mills, tailor; Robert Newton, shopkeeper; Thomas Paxton, grocer and draper ; and William Simmons, butcher. Kyloe is a township and village giving name to the chapelry in w^hich it is situated, and with which the acreage, population, &c. are returned. The Village of Kyloe is five miles N.N.W. of Belford. The Chapel is a modern edifice, erected in 1792, on the south side of the old one, which was in existence previous to 1145, for we find it was confirmed in that year to the mother church of Holy Island. The living, a perpetual curacy in the arch- deaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, is returned at £96 ; gross income JS138. Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Durham ; incumbent, the Rev. John Edmonds. The register of this chapelry commences in 1674. Directory. — Rev. John Edmonds, incumbent. East Kyloe ; Eleanor AVilson, vict. Plough Inn, Half-w^ay House ; and the farmers are Andrew Craig, (and miller) Berryburu Mill ; John Forster, Smeafield ; Matthew Forster, Kent Stone ; George Hogg, West Kyloe, and Hunting Hall ; John Purvis, Carrier to Berwick, on Saturdays. TWEEDMOUTH PAROCHIAL CHAPELRY. TwEEDMotJTH, a parochial chapelry, situated at the northern extremity of Islaudshire, comprises the townships of Ord, Spittal, and Tweedmouth, whoseunited area is 5,140 acres. Population in 1801, 3,458 ; in 1811, 3,917; in 1821, 4,673; in 1831, 4,971; in 1841, 5,202; and in 1851, 5,714 soiils. Ord is a" township and village, the principal landowners of which are John Grey, Esq. ; Mrs. Isabella Grey; James Grieve, Esq. ; P. J. Selby, Esq.; and several others. The area of the township is 256 acres. The population previous to 1841, was returned with the chapelry; in that year it was 997, and in 1851, 914 souls. The Village of Ord, or East Ord, is situated one mile south-west of Tweedmouth, and was for many generations the property of a family which assumed the local name, from whom it passed to the Darlingtons, and Langtons. Many remains of antiquity have been discovered at various times in this neighbourhood. Ord House, the residence of James Grieve, Esq., is situated east of the village. Ord (Middle) is a farm one mile and a half south-west of Tweedmouth. Ord (West) is a hamlet and two farms, on the south bank of Tweed, two and a half miles west by south of Tweedmouth. Balmer William, vict. /S'a/?;jo?i Jw?, East Ord 1 Grieve James, Esq., Ord House Borrell Mr. Geo. Unthank Cottage Grey Mrs. Isabella, Middle Ord House Carr & Co. bone dust and patent flooring Home Alexander, scboolmaster, East Ord manufacturers, East Ord Dodds Emanuel, blacksmith, Murton Edmeson Mr. Eobert, East Ord Logan Thomas cartwright, East Ord Lilly James, shopkeeper. East Ord Lindsay Mr, Henry, Ord Cottage 9.Q8 ISLAXDSHIRE. Linsay James, M.D., East Orel Eule Thomas, blacksmith, East Ord Stevenson Mr. Vrilliam, East Ord Tait Thomas, steward. South Ord Farm Y/ilkie V\'m. gardener, Ord Eield Watson Mr. Ealph, Unthank "Wood John, vict. White House, ]Murton Bell Adam, East Ord Burn John, 3Iiddle Ord Johnson Mrs. P., South Ord and Billy Law Laing John, Unthank ; ho. Cornhill Makius Pdchard, Murton Murray John, sen. West Ord Xesbit Thos. East Ord and Spring Hill Eohinson George, Ord Mains ; ho. Berwick Smith John, Hive Acres Smith WiUiam, Prior House Farmers Balmer William, East Ord Barclay John, East Ord Spittal is a to"svnsliip aud village, the property of William Dickson, Esq. ; Mrs. Fair, Berrvick ; Mr. Robert Yello^lv ; and several smaller jrroprietoi-s. The township contains 244 acres, and the number of inhabitants in 1841, was 1,631 ; and in 1851, 1,736 souls. The Village of Spittal is situated about three quarters of a mile south-east of Berwick, close to the sea shore, and foims an irregular cluster of houses of all sizes and shapes ; the better sort having sprung lately into existence, in consequence of its rising importance as a bathing place. The name of this village is evidently derived from the word hospital, and it is probable, that the hospital for lepers, founded here by Edward I., was the origin of the present Spittal. The site of this institution is now entirely forgotten. The inhabitants are, with a few exceptions, fishermen and pitmen. Herring-houses abound here, and we may form some idea of the importance of this branch of industry from the large number of herring boats "which are drawn upon the beach. At the south end of the village, there is a fine mineral spring, called the Spa, which only requires to be better known, in order that its virtues maybe appreciated. Spiittal, hke Tweedmouth, has its salmon feast, which is held here in September. The Mayor and Burgesses of Berwick are lords of the manor of Tweedmouth and Spittal, ha^dng purchased til e royalties of the Earl of Sufi'olk, in 1657, for the sum of £570. Here is a United Peesbyteeiax Chapel, a neat and commodious structure, capable of accommodating about 650 persons. Eev, "William Porteous, minister. There is also a Subscription School, supported, as its name denotes, princi- pally by subscriptions, and attended by about 100 pupils. James Kirton, teacher. The baths here are much frequented by parties visiting Spittal during the summer months, and being situated near the sea, fresh water is pumped up every tide. fFo7' Directory see Bericick.J TwEEDiiouTH, a township and village in the chapelry of the same name, is the property of William Dickson, Esq. ; Mrs. Sarah Mary Forster ; James Grieve, Esq. ; the Corporation of Berwick ; John Laing, Esq. ; Messrs. Kamsey ; Mrs. Margaret Robertson ; Robert Smith, Esq. ; the Tweedmouth Brewery Company ; and others. The township contains an area of 2,328 acres; its population in 1841, was 2,574 ; and in 1851, 3,054 souls. The Village of Tweedmouth, the southern suburb of Berwick, is situated at the south end of Berwick Bridge. With regard to its origin we possess no positive information; but we find -that in 1203, King John attempted to erect and fortify a castle here, but he met with many obstructions from William the Lion, King of Scotland, who tNvice interrupted the work, and finally demolished TWEED:\rOUTH PAEOCHTAL CHArELRY. ^3'4V it. lu tlie year 1277, the English and Scotch commissioners assembled at Tweedmouth, in order to settle a dispute respecting the boundaries of the two kingdoms. It was here that the English monarchs and their armies encamped on the several occasions that they attacked Berwick. About a century ago Tweedmouth consisted of a long and irregular street of houses, and all the high ground between the village and the south and west was a common. In the course of years this common was divided and planted, and is now excellent land, well drained and fenced ; every freeholder and copyholder have shares to the value of three or four years' rent, advancing their property to twice its former value. In the neighbourhood of the Rail- way, the quarries and coal-pits have considerably advanced, and from the increased value of the land within these few years, the farms in the vicinity of the village rank in value and product wdtli any in the neighbourhood. There are a couple of foundries in Tweedmouth, two or three ship-yards, and a few engineering establishments. A number of herring-houses on a large scale have been erected here. From having been a small fishing village, Tweed- mouth has recently sprung up into an important railway station, on the line between York, Newcastle, and Scotland. The inhabitants of the village are mostly fishermen and labourers. At the east end of Tw^eedmouth is St. Cuthbert's well, a fine spring of water, in which it is said, the patron of the north, baptised several of our pagan ancestors. The Tweedmouth fisheries below the bridge are far more valuable than those of Berwick, though lately they have much decreased in value. There is an annual feast held here on the second Monday of July (old style), vihen the inhabitants entertain their friends with baked salmon and other delicacies, after partaking of which the day is spent in mirth and jollity. Boat races, quoiting, and dancing, are much indulged in on these occasions. The Church, or Chapel, dedicated to St. Bartholomew, is a modest and unpretending little structure, situated in the neighbourhood of the river ; the date of its erection is unknow-n, but it underwent a thorough renovation in 1780. It was also enlarged in 1841, by which means 168 additional sittings were obtained, the whole of which are free and unappropriated. In its small burial ground repose John Mackay Wilson, Berwick's only poet, and James Stuart, who lived to the patriarchal age of 115 years. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne, and deanery ofNorham, certified at .£ 1 .5 ; returned at £76; gross income £150; the patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Durham, and the Rev. John Leach is incumbent. Here is a Scotch Presbyterian Chapel, erected in 1783, Edwai'd B. Roger, minister. There is also an English Presbyterian Chapel, a good stone building, erected in 1846, at a cost of about £1,000, which was raised by subscription. It will accommodate 400 persons : Rev. Andrew Cant, minister. The Church School is a large establishment supported by subscriptions, and attended by 100 children. Thomas Bonner, teacher. The Presbyterians (English) have a commodious school, which is attended by about 100 pupils, Alexander Dewar, teacher. (For Director ij see Berwick.) The FaPvNE Islands ^re two groups of islets and rocks, which do not belong 930 THE F.iRNE JSLANB?. to any hundred or division of the comity, as they he from three to ten miles out at sea. Pennant tells us that in his time, they were rented for £16 per annum, the produce being kelp, sea fowls, sea fowl eggs, feathers, &c. " Some of them," he adds, "yield a little grass, and serve to feed a cow or two, which the people are desperate enough to transport over in their little boats. The last isle I visited was the House Island, the sequestered spot where St. Cuthbert passed the last two years of his life. Here was afterwards established a priory of Benedictines for six or eight monks, subordinate to the priory of Durham. A square tower, the remains of a church, and some other buildings, are to be seen there still, and the stone coffin of St. Cuthbert. At the north end of the isle is a deep chasm from top to bottom of the rock, communicating with the sea, through v/hich, in tempestuous weather, the water is forced with vast violence and noise, and forms a fine jet d'eau of sixty feet high. It is called by the inhabitants of the opposite coast, the Churn." There are now three lighthouses on these islands. The passage between House Island and Staple Island, is open for vessels of any burden ; but is dangerous from a cluster of rocks, called the Oxsear rocks, that lie in the middle of it, on which account the passage is called Scar-road. There is generally from five to eight fathoms of water in this road, and in Budle Bay, from three to seven fathoms on a bed of fine sand. The Pinnacles, an island in the farthest group, is so, called from the vast columnar rocks at its southern extremity, over which the fowlers pass by means of narrow boards laid across their tops. Amongst the variety of birds which breed on these islands, we find cormorants, eider-ducks, puffins, hawks, guillemots, shags, gulls of every description, kittiwates, great terns, sea pies, rock larks, rock pigeons, and jack-daws. On the 5th September, 1838, the " Forfarshire"steamer from Hull to Dundee, with fifty-six persons on board, was wrecked, in attempting to pass, in a dis- abled condition, and during a heavy gale, between the Fame Islands : thirty- eight persons perished : eighteen were saved ;— ^nine of them by the courageous conduct of William Darling, and his daughter, Grace Horsley Darling, who occupied the Outer Fame Light House. The father and daughter ventured forth in a coble, in a tremendous sea, at the imminent risk of their lives. " By a daring effort, the former was landed on the rock on which the vessel was wrecked, and the frail coble, to preserve it from being dashed to pieces, was rapidly rowed back among the w^ild abyss of waters, by the skill and dexterity of this young woman alone, and there kept afloat, preparatory to the rescue of those in peril." The whole of the survivors w^ere taken from the wreck and conveyed to the light house, where they were taken care of by those who had saved them from a watery grave. The heroic conduct of Grace Darling and her father, excited universal admiration. All ranks — up even to her majesty Queen Victoria — united in doing tliis simple maiden honour; gifts of value were conferred upon her, and presentations of monies and medals flowed from all quarters. The Long Stone Island with its light house and occupants, have remained a favourite resort for the sight-seer, and the memory of the heroic act will long remain. Grace Darling expired from the eff'ects of con- sumption, on October 20th, 1842, aged twenty-six years. A monument to NOr.HAMSHIRE. 931 lier memory, by Davis, of Newcastle, Las been erected in tlie chapel of St. Cuthbert, on the Fame Island. These islands are extra-parochial, and in 185 J J contained a population of t\Yenty souls. NORHAMSHIRE. NoEHAM, on NoRHAMSHiRE, is a parish co-extensive with the hundred of the same name, and forming, until the passing of the 7 and 8 Vict. c. 61, a detached part of the county of Durham. It is bounded on the north and west by the river Tweed, on the south by Glendale Ward, and on the east by Island- shire. It comprises the chapelry of Cornhill, and the townships of Duddo, Felkington, Grindon, Horncliffe, Loan-end, Longridge, Norham, Norham Mains, Shoresw^ood, Thornton, and Twizell, wdiose united area is 19,849 statute acres. The population of Norhamshire, in 1801, w^as 3,384 ; in 18 11 , 3,5-^4; in 1821,3,906; in 1831, 3,744; in 1841,3,757; and in 1851, 4, "289 souls. There are many freeholders in the parish, but in ancient times the greater part of the lands here were held by the Greys and the Nevilles. A considerable number of the inhabitants are employed in the Tweed salmon fisheries. CoR^'HILL is a chapelry, township, and village, the property of Sir F. Blake, Bart., and others. The township contains an area of 4,746 acres, and its population in 1801, was 668 ; in 1811, 725 ; in 1821, 863 ; in 1831, 765 ; in 1841, 823 ; and in 1851, 973 souls. History is almost silent with regard to the former possessors of this manor. The Greys were the proprietors at the commencement of the reign of Edward I,, and we also find that the Swinhowes andHerons held lands here. The Village of Cornhill is pleasantly situated ten miles north-west of Wooler, and one mile and a half east by south of Coldstream. The Church, or Chapel, dedicated to St. Helen, is a neat edifice, and enjoys all the privileges of a parish church. It underw^ent a thorough renovation in 1840, by which means 111 additional sittings were obtained ; and in consequence of a grant from the Incorporated Society for promoting the enlargement of churches and chapels, 100 of that number are declared fre'e and unappropriated for ever, in addition to 135 sittings formerly provided, forty-five of which were free. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, in the patronage of the Vicar of Branxton, and incumbency of the Eev. Samuel A. I yler. Here is a National School, erected in 1832, at a cost of £130. It is supported by subscriptions, and will accommodate ninety-six scholars ; average attendance fifty ; James Laurie, teacher. Near the bridge are the ruins of an old castle ; and in a wood, in the neighbourhood of the church, is St. Helen's well, a medicinal spring, said to be very efficacious for the cure of gravel and scorbutic diseases. About two miles east by north of Cornhill, are the ruins of the old fortress of the Grej^s, Hetton Castle. It was besieged by the Scottish army previous to the Battle of Flodden Field, and from its position could not be 3 L 3 933 NOEHAMSHTEE. easily taken, but it bas nov/ almost disappeared. Tbere is a fair held at Corn- bill annually. TiLLMOUTH, a hamlet in this cliapehy, is situated ten miles south-west of Berwick, at the confluence of the rivers Till and Tweed. Here are the ruins of an ancient chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, and in its vicinity is Till- mouth House, an elegant mansion, the seat of Sir Francis Blake, Bart. Haly Chestees, an ancient entrenchment, is about one mile west of Till- mouth. Avries John, shoemaker, NewHarperPddge Blake Sir Francis, Bart., Tilhuouth Park Brownless Alexander, joiner Campbell Charlotte, grocer Carmichael John, steward of Sir Francis Blake, Parlc, Tiilmouth Carr Jones, vict. and farmer. Board Collingwood John, Esq. Darling Miss Ehzabeth, Melkington Davidson John, tailor, Donaldson's Lodge Elliott Nicholas, baker and grocer Fyler Kev. Samuel A., M.A. incmnbent. Parsonage Gibson Mary, shopkeeper, Donaldson's Lodge Johnson John, cooper Laurie James, schoolmaster Leith James, grocer and cartwright Marshall James, blacksmith Marshall Nicholas, tailor Philhps David, cornmiller Pratt Mr. G. W., Melkington Redpath James, tailor Eeid William, tailor Smith Robert, blacksmith. Old Hetton Swan Nicholas, shopkeeper and weaver Richardson Thos. vict. Collingwood Arms, Family Hotel and Posting House. CornhiU Thompson Adam, stationmaster Thompson John, tailor, New Harper Ridge Trotter Robert, shoemaker Watson Robert, gamekeeper Winter John, cornmiller Young Jacob,vict. Plough Lm, New Harper Ridge Farmers Avery William, Oxen dean Burn Black James, West Hetton Carr James, Cornhill Grey George, Old Hetton Laing John, Cornhill Nevins John, Marldown and Cramraond Hill Farms, Cornhill Phillips David, Cornhill Richardson Thomas, Cornhill Ramsey William, Melkington Sutherland Alexander & Sons, Melkington Tate John, Harper Ridge Young Jacob, New Harper Ridge DuDDO, a township situated ten and a half miles north-west of Wooler, the poperty of Thomas Friar, Esq,, comprises an area of 1,651 acres ; its rateable value is £1,654 ; and the tithes amount to £305. It consists of two i^irms, a chapel of ease, a public-house, and a few cottages. The manor of Duddo was ancieutly held by the Stryvelings, from whom it passed to the Claverings, and subsequently to the Greys. Population in 1801, 231 ; in 1811,301; inl82],9S5; in 1831, 356 ; in 1841, 976 ; and in 1851, 286 souls. The Chapel of Ease is a neat stone building ; the Rev. — Walters, B.A. curate. There is also a school which is well attended, Samuel Boak, teacher. On an eminence here called Grindon Bigg, are the remains of Duddo Tower, near to which are six stones, placed there in commemoration of a victory gained by the English over the Scots, in 1558. Directory.— George Carr, Esq., Greenlaw Walls ; Samuel Boak, school- master ; Isabella Hogg, vict. Swan Inn ; the Trustees of Alexander Laing, farmers ; Oliver Walter, draper and grocer ; Robert Robertson, blacksmith ; and James and Robert TuLLy, joiners. nobhamshire; 988 Felkington, a townsliip, the property of Vansittart, Esq., is situated six miles S.S.W. of Berwick, and contains two farms and a few scattered houses. The area of the township is 1,431 acres, and its population in 1801, was 194; in 1811, 218; in 1821, 186; in 1831, 141; in 1841, 141; and in 1851, 186 souls. The principal residents are Robert Atchison, innkeeper; and Robert Carr, farmer. Geindon township is situated seven miles south-west of Berwick, and con- sists of one farm and a few cottages. Its area is 1,475 acres, and the number of inhabitants in 1801, was 190 ; in 1811, 166 ; in 1821, 173 ; in 1831, 162 ; in 1841, 143 ; and in 1851, 132 souls. The interest of £60 was bequeathed to the poor of this township by some person unknown, and in 1787 it was invested, and now^ produces £3 per annum. Directory. — James Allan, blacksmith; Ebenezer Black, farmer; John Clark, joiner ; John Davison, tailor ; and William Davidson, gardener. HoRxcLTFFE is a township and village, the property of William Mather, Esq., Sir Charles Crompton, and several smaller proprietors. The township comprises an area of 606 acres, and its population in 1801, was 342 ; in 1811, 343 ; in 1821, 351 ; in 1831, 369 ; in 1841, 322 ; and in 1851, 358 souls. Lady Stanley, of Haggerston, is lady of the manor. The Village of Horncliffe is situated on the Tweed-side, four and a half miles W.S.W. of Berwick- Here is a neat Presbyterian Chapel, erected in 1853, at a cost of £600. It is. in the Norman Gothic style of architecture, and will accommodate 400 persons. Rev. John Hunter, minister. The village school is supported by subscription, and is well attended ; Thomas Wilson, teacher. Horncliffe Hall is a fine edifice, situated on an eminence, from which many beautiful views of theT\Yeed and the surrounding country may be obtained. Near to this place is the celebrated Union Chain Bridge, across the river Tweed, designed and executed by Captain S. Brown, R.A., and forming an interesting- object in the beautiful scenery of the neighbourhood. This elegant structure was completed in July, 1820. It is 368 feet long by 18 wide, and the distance betv>'een the points of suspension is 432 feet. The weight of the whole bridge between the same points is estimated at 800 tons. It may not be generally known that this was the first suspension bridge erected in Great Britain calculated for the passage of loaded carriages. It was executed at an expense of ahout £5,000, and the trustees of the bridge presented the gentle- man above-mentioned with a thousand guineas above the stipulated price. Post Office, Horncliffe. — John ^Yealherston, postmaster. Letters arrive at 1 p.m., and are despatched at 7 p.m. Bell Nicholas, seedsman Brown John, farmer Brown William, vict. Fishers^ Arms Carr William, shoemaker Cooper Daniel, hlacksmith Elliott James, tailor Gibson Thomas, stonemason Hogg John, stonemason Lowrey David, joiner Paxton ; James, superintendent of salmon fisheries Thompson Mark, gardener Tiu^ner James, slater Turner Eohert, molecatclier Weatherston John, grocer Wilson Thomas, schoolmaster Loan End is a township and village, the property oi George Murray, Esq., 034 XOEIIAMSHIEE. George Smith, Esq., Alexander Smith, Esq., George K. Nicholson, Esq., John Grej, Esq., Mr. Archibald Noble, and Mr. John Dunbar. The area of the township comprises 833 acres, and its population in 1801, was 134 ; in 1811, 153; in 1821, 143; in 1831,147; in 1841, 155 ; and in 1851, 177 souls. It contains four farms and several good houses. The Village of Loan End is situated foiu' and a qnai'ter miles W.S.W. of Berwick. Dunbar John, farmer, Bank Head Hunter Rev. John, (Presbyterian) Mitchell Alex, superintendent of the Tweed fisheries Murray George, farmer, Mount Pleasant, and Velvet Hall Farms Noble Archibald, farmer, Bank Head Nicholson George Kerr, Esq. Rogei'son Jas. beer retailer, Chain Bridge Smith George, farmer, and at Town Farm, An croft Younger Mr. Thomas LoNGEiDGE, a small township situated three and a half miles south-west of Berwick, contains two farms and a few houses, with the ma.nsion-house of William Mather, Esq., who is the proprietor of the whole township. Lady Stanley, of Haggerston, is lady of the manor. The township contains 558 acres, and the number of its inliabitants in 1801, was 66 ; in 1811, 70 ; in 1821, 81 ; in 1831, 105 ; in 1841, 68 ; and in 1851, 74 souls. The rateable value is £960. Here is a station on the York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway, where several trains stop daily. Directory —William Mather, Esq., Longridge House ; James Drysdale, vict. Velvet Hall ; Peter Luke, gardener ; William Moor, farmer, Longiidge Farm ; Charles Sidwell, station master : and George Murray, farmer. Velvet Hall and Mount Pleasant. NoRHAM is a township and village giving name to the parish in which it is situated. The area of the township is 2,117 acres, and its rateable value £4,835. Population in 1801, 728 ; in 1811, 781; in 1821, 901 ; in 1831, 819 ; in 1841, 902 ; and in 1851, 1,033 souls. Landowners, Sir F. Blake, Bart.; George Bea, Esq., of Middleton; Thomas Friar, Esq.; Thomas Hodg- son, Esq.; T. Y. Jamieson, Esq.; T. S. Ord, Esq.; Miss Fenwick ; Eev. L. S. Ord, and several smaller proprietors. Lady Stanley, of Haggerston, is lady of the manor. The Village of Norham is pleasantly situated on the Tweed, seven miles south-west of Berwick. It presents little to interest the visitor, save its proximity to the castle, whose ruins and historical importance attest its magnificence and strength, rendering every circumstance respecting it worth recording. Its ancient name was Ubbansford, or Upperford, and its origin is ascribed to Egbert, the twelfth Bishop of Lindisfarne, who is said to have built it about the year 830. It was afterwards greatly improved and strengthened by Bishop Flambard, and Hugh Pudsey granted the inhabitants a charter of privileges, " of equal tenure with other burgesses north of the Tyne, and similar to those of Newcastle." Fairs for cattle and pedlery are held on the third Tuesday in May, and the second Tuesday in October. Norham, from its local situation between England and Scotland, was frequently the place of rendezvous between the nobility and principal individuals con- cerned in the border feuds. Norham Castle has been beautiftiUy described in Scott's Marmion :— , KORHAMSHIRir. 93 Q " Day set on Norham's castled sleep, And Tweed's fair river broad and deep, And Cheviot's mountains lone : The battled towers, the Donjon Keep, The loop-hole grates where captives weep, The Hanking walls that round it sweep In yellow lustre shone. The warriors on the turrets high. Moving athwart the evening sky, Seem'd forms of giant height, Their armour, as it caught the rays, Flash'd back again the western blaze In lines of dazzling light. The whole first canto of that poem is taken up with the description of Lord Marmion s train, and his reception and entertainment in this castle, in the year 1513. The castle is situated a little to the east of the village, on a steep bank, overhanging the Tweed, from which it is inaccessible, and previous totlie intro- duction of gunpowder, appears to have been almost impregnable. Cam-den tells us that " it was fortified with a trench, the outer wall guarded with many turrets of vast compass, the w^all towards the river was much stronger, encompassing the keep or dungeon, of prodigious height." In the year 1121, the warlike and enterprising Flambard, Bishop of Durham, fully appreciating the impor- tance of the situation, resolved to erect a fortress upon it to keep the restless borderers in awe, and this great work he lived to accomplish, in defiance of the many difficulties with which he had to contend. Upon the demise of this prelate, Norham Castle was besieged by David I., of Scotland, who, after a gallant defence by the garrison, obtained possession of both town and castle, which he ordered to be destroyed. They were, however, shortly afterwards restored by Bishop Pudsey. Norham then became a place of great importance and vast strength as a border fortress, and numerous conferences were held here between King John and Vv^illiam the Lion, chiefly respecting the claim of the latter to the northern counties of England. In 1215, the castle was invested by John, in resentment for the homage paid by the barons of the North to Alexander II., of Scotland. On the death of Alexander III., without issue, the ambitious Edward I. met the Scottish nobles in the church of Norham, in May 1290, and tw^o years afterwards he received the homage of Baliol for the crown of Scotland in the castle here. In the following reign, Norham was besieged by the Scots, but the brave garrison, under the command of the Governor, Sir Thomas Grey, and the Lords Percy and Neville, defended the place so bravely that the enemy was forced to raise the siege. In the thirteenth year of the reign of Henry VIL, this war-worn castle was again attacked by the Scots, led by James IV. in person ; and previous to the battle of Flodden Field it was captured by the Scottish arm}-, who demolished a considerable portion of the old structure. Norham Castle was attacked for the last time by Cromwell, who almost totally destroyed it. It was afterwards unroofed, its stones carted away to fill up dykes and drains, and a general havoc made of its remains, until its present possessor in some measure preserved it, and it now stands looming grimly down on the waters of the Tweed, a relic " of days that are o'er." 936 NOEHAMSHIEE. The Chuech, dedicated to St. Mary, is a very ancient stracture, the time of whose erection is unknown, hut we find it mentioned as early as the year 840. It formerly possessed the privilege of sanctuary for thirty-seven days, and contained three chantries. It suffered severely in the many sieges which the village and castle at different periods sustained, but in 1846 it was repaired, beautified, and the south aisle restored, and in 1852 the north aisle was also renovated, so that the old edifice will, probably, exist for ages yet to come. The parish register commences in 1653. The living, a vicarage in the arch- deaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, is valued in the Liber Eegis at £15 6s. 8d. ; gross income £597. Patron, the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Eev. William Stephen Gilly, D.D., vicar ; Eev. William Scott Moncriefi, curate. Here is an English Presbyterian Chapel, erected in 1845, at an expense of £600. It will accommodate 500 persons. Rev. James Stewart, minister. There is also a Scotch Presbyterian Chapel here, Eev.. James Anderson, minister. NoEHAM Endow^ed School will accommodate about 100 pupils, it is well attended, and all the children of freeholders are taught free. Eichard Forsyth, teacher. There is also a school attached to the English Presbyterian Chapel. CifAEiTy. — In the parish register, under the date of 1790, is entered a memorandum that Thomas Kidd, porter to the Earl of Guildford, left to the poor of Norham parish £100, which was then in the hands of Alexander Eobertson, at four and a half per cent, interest. This sum of £100 at the ■time of the Charity Commissioners' report, was in the hands of the vicar, the Eev. Nicholas Darnell, who received it from the widow of his predecessor. He paid interest at four and a half per cent, on the 2nd of February, yearly, which has hitherto been given away by the overseers and churchwardens amongst the poor of the parish. Post Office, Noeham. — Thomas Kennedy, postmaster. Letters arrive at 1 20 p.m., and are despatched at 1 20 p.m. Gilchrist Eiizh, gardener, Norham Castle Gilly Eev. Wm. Stephen, D.D. vicar Hall Robert, tailor Henderson John, draper Hettel John, grocer Moncrieff Eev. "William Scott, M.A. curate Kennedy Thomas, grocer Lindsay Miss Hannah Malcolm James, tailor Marshall Thomas, shopkeeper Middleton Mr. Jonathan Nicholson John, tailor Miller Eobt. sergeant of the Tweed Police Paxton John, surgeon Pentland Joseph, joiner Probert Wilham C. constable Purvis Thomas, blacksmith Eichardson George, shoemaker Eichardson John, vict. and fisherman, Salmon Inn Ross Mr. George Ainslie Mrs. Sarah Anderson Eev. James. (Presbyterian) Armstrong Mr. Eohert Aynsley George, stonemason Bolton Elizabeth, grocer and fish dealer Blechynden Edward, preventive officer Bone William, baker Boggs Margaret, grocer Briggs Alexander, stonemason Briggs John, stonemason Cowe Eobert, baker Davidson Alexander, vict. Victoria Inn, and assistant overseer Davidson James, vict. Masons.'' Arms Davidson John, vict. Blach Bull Dodds Leonard, butcher Donalson WilUam, surgeon Duncan Hugh, schoolmaster Porsyth Eichard, schoolmaster Eriar Thomas, Esq. Grindon Eigg Gibsoa Andrew, baker NOEHAMSHIRE. 937 Erie Thomas, slater Eule "Williain, slater Sanderson Kobert, vict. and shoemaker, Sivan Inn Scott Joseph, registrar of births, deaths, and relieving officer for Norhamshire Smith Alexander, Esq. Gallowgate House Smith Mr. George Smith Mr. Eobert Stewart Eev. James, (Presbyterian) Strother Joseph F. saddler Swan Nichol, shoemaker Swan Eobert, grocer and shoemaker Thompson Thomas, butcher Taylor John, station master Weatherburn John, blacksmith Weather&ton Alexander, shoemaker Weatherston James, shoemaker Weatherston, Eobert, shoemaker & grocer "Weddell William, preventive officer Winter Alexander, joiner Young Andrew, grocer Young Mark, stonemason and parish clerk Farmers Easton Og Friar Thomas, Grin don Eidge Holland Ys^illiam Melrose John, East Nev/biggin McLeod John, Emerick Eobson James and Peter Smith Alexander, Gallowgate Steel William, Whiteburn Storey George, Eoyalty Weight Mrs. Jesse, West Newbiggin Wood Thomas, Newburn NoRHAM Mains is a township situated six miles south-west by west of Berwick. Mrs. General Blake and Wilh'am Mather, Esq., are the land owners. Its area is 1,061 acres, and its rateable value £1,953 10s. The number of inhabitants in 1801, was' 88: in 1811, 66; in 1821, 1S2 ; in 1881, 119; in 1811, 98; and in 1851, 107 souls. This township com- prises Morris Hall, the seat of Thomas Hodgson, Esq., several farms, and a few cottages. Directory. — Thomas Hodgson, Esq., Morris Hall; and the farmers are James Black, West Mains; and William Cleghorn, East Mains. Shoreswood is a township and village, the property of Thomas Wood Craster, Esq., of Craster House. The area of .the township is 1,201 acres, and the rateable value £1,939. The population in 101, was 247 ; in 1811, 219; in 1821, 261; in 1831, 279 ; in 1841, 315; and in 1851, 428 souls. The Village of Shoresvy-ood is situated five and a half miles south-west of Berwick, and is principally occupied by colliers and labourers. The National School is a good stone edifice, erected in 1836, at a cost of £550. The National Society, the Colliery Company, and the Rev. Dr. Gilly of Norham, were the principal contributors. The school will accommodate 120 children ; average attendance seventy. It is conducted by Mr. J. B. E. Taylor, assisted by twc/ pupil teachers. Shoresw^ood Colliery is worked by Messrs. Carr & Co., and gives employment to a considerable number of persons. Directory. — John Arnot, blacksmith ; Messrs. Carr & Co., coal proprietors, Shoreswood Colliery; Nathaniel and John Dodds, farmers; Ann Mitchell, vict. and farmer, Salutation Hall ; Jane Shiel, vict. Plough Inn, and J. B. E. Taylor, schoolmaster. Thornton is a township and hamlet in this parish, the property of Lord Crewe's trustees. The township comprises an area of 1,390 acres, and its population in 180J, was 212 ; in 1811, 277 ; in 1821, 232 ; in 1831, 190 ; in 1841, 178; and in 1851, 169 souls. It was anciently the manor and residence of the Heron family, but was frequently wasted during the border 938 EERWICK-UPON'TWEED. wars. The Hamlet of Thornton is situated four and three quarter miles south-\yest of Berwick. Directory. — Mr. Robert Manderson, Thornton Cottage ; George Davidson, schoolmaster ; and the farmers are William Makins, Mains ; James Nicholson ; and Mrs. Elizabeth Nicholson. TwizELL, a township situated four and a half miles north-east of Cold- stream, contains 2,190 acres, the property of Lord Fitzclarence, Sir F. Blake, Bart., and William Fenwick, Esq. The rateable value is £3,389, and the numberof inhabitants in 1801, was 284 ; in 1811, 305; in 1821, 308; in 1831, 292; in 1841, 336; and in 1851, 366 souls. The manor of Twizell was the property of the Riddell family in the reign of Edward III., it after- wards passed to the Selbys, and from them to the Blakes, with whom it still remains, Sir Francis Blake, Bart., being the lord of the manor. The family of Blake is very ancient, and is said to be of British descent. At Twizell the river Till is crossed by. a fine stone bridge. Twizell Castle, the seat of Sir Francis Blake, Bart., is a beautiful mansion, situated on a rocky eminence on the eastern bank of the Till. It is constructed of white freestone, and is surrounded by beautiful and romantic scenery. Farmers Briggs William, stonemason, Twizell Castle Jeffrey Alexander, joiner Marshall Edward, butcher Moffett Robert, gardener Tate John, blacksmith Temple George, blacksmith, Tindle House Elliott William, Eiffington Makins Richard, Shellacres & at Newton Mitchell James, Tindle House Scott James, Boat House TurnbuU James, senior. Tiptoe Turnbull James, junior, and corn miller, Twizell Mill BERWIC&UPON-TWEED. Berwick-upon-Tweed, a county, parish, seaport, and borough, is pleasantly situated on the north side of the Tweed, wdthin half a mile of its confluence with the ocean, 337 miles north by west of London, fifty four south-east of Edinburgh, and sixty-four north by west of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. From its position on the confines of England and Scotland, it is not considered to belong to either country, but to be a neutral town in the kingdom of Great Britain. Its name is supposed by Leland to have been originally Aberwick, from the Celtic Aher, the mouth of a river, and ivic, a town. Camden and some others derive it from Banvlca, a " manor village." Dr. Boswell, says it meant the town of the Sernicians [Berniciorum Vicus), while others give various etymologies, none of w^hich are more satisfactory than those just presented to tlie reader. The county or liberty of Berwick, forms nearly an equilateral triangle, whose sides are each about two miles in length, extending northward from the harbours entrance to Lamberton grounds, and thence in a south-westerly direction to the Tweed, which forms the southern limit, whilst the sea and BEBWICK-UPON-TWEED. 939 Berwickshire in Scotland, constitute respectively the northern and western boundaries. Within the liberties, which form one parish, are a number of private estates ; a part is let out upon leases, and the remainder, measuring about 4,500 acres, is parcelled out into separate allotments called " Burgess jMeadows," or stints, which are occupied by the oldest burgesses or their widows, and are worth from £5 to £15 each per annum. The parish of Berwick- upon-Tweed, comnrises an area of 6,195 statute acres; its j^opulation in 1801, was 7,187^ in 1811, 7,746; in 1821, 8,723 ; in 1831, 8,920; in 1841, 8,484; and in 1851, 10,294 souls. At the last mentioned period there were 1,384 inhabited houses, fifty-four uninhabited houses, and thirteen in process of erection. The Town of Berwick is equally celebrated in the annals of England and Scotland. Seated on a gentle declivity, forming the northern bank of the river, it enjoys a favourable southern aspect, and includes within its walls an area of little less than two miles in circumference. The town is fortified, but the works are chiefly modern, and of the ancient fortifications few traces novf remaim. The following is Fuller's description of the fortifications. ''Meg's Mount demi-Bastion, with a double flank on the right (south-west corner of the wall, looking on the Tweed). Cumberland Bastion, with upper and retired works to scour the ditch. Brass Mount Bastion, under the cavalier, are two casemented powder-magazines, covered by the retired flanks on right and left (north-east corner). Windmill Mount, with double flanks, a powder-maga- zine betu-een the Windmill Mount and King's Bastion. King's Demi-Bastion without a cavalier, has a flagstaff and retired flank on the left. Fisher's Fort, or Six-gun Battery, near the the Governor's house. Bramham's, or Four-gun Battery. The two last batteries com.manded the bar and entrance to the harbour. Coxon's Tower, near it on the right, for holding powder, ammunition &c. Saluting Battery, on which are mounted twenty-two four pounders, near the Governor's Hou.se. The master Gunner's Magazine is in Palace Green, formerly a reservoir of water. The walls and b^itteries mount fifty- four pieces of ordnance." The walls and batteries are just the same in the present day. The cannon, &c., were taken from the walls after the general peace, and are now in Edinburgh Castle. The ramparts constitute the prin- cipal walk in ornearBenvick,andare muchfrequented by the inhabitants during the summer months. The suburb called Castlegate, is situated without the walls, near the north-west part of the town, and a long range of houses called the Greens, stretches from Castlegate eastwards. The southern suburb, Tweedmouth, on the opposite side of the river, will be found described at page 928. Various improvements have been made from time to time in the old borough — the houses in Bridge-street, immediately focing the English Gate, and on either side one after another have been removed — the clumsy shambles have been swept away, their site forming a good Corn Market, and instead of the oil lamps " dimly burning," we have now bright jets of gas, whose light enables us to tread our way with safety through the streets of this ancient town. We possess no authentic information respecting the circumstances to which 3 i\E 940 HISTOET OF BerNvick owes its origin, but from the remains of Roman fortifications in the neighbourhood, it is supposed to have been a Koman station, indeed the spot upon \Yhicli the castle stood is said to have been originally a Roman camp. The consolidation of the Saxon power in this country, was the com- mencoment of a new era for Berwick. Penda, the pagan monarcli of Mercia, having overthrown Oswald, the Christian king of Noithumbria, laid siege to Bambrough, but being obliged to relinquish his project, he invested Ben^ick, took it by assault, and in sheer wantonness levelled it to the ground. The town was, however, soon rebuilt, and when the river Tweed became the boundary between the newly settled Saxon states, and the Scots and Picts of the north, Berwick became a frontier town of some importaDce. Then arose its fortifications and towers, fashioned in the rude masonry of the period, yet sufficiently strong to repel the attacks of the Scots. It is about this time that Berwick is first mentioned in history, for according to Boethius, Donald, King of Scotland, brother and successor to Kenneth IL, tlie conqueror of the Picts, after a sanguinary battle on the banks of the Jed, in which he defeated Osbert, king of Northumbria, marched his victorious army down the Tweed's banks, till he arrived at Berwick. The inhabitants hearing of their king's defeat, and being terrified by the number of the advancing marauders, abandoned the town at their appearance and fled into the country. On the entrance of the Scots into the deserted Saxon town, they commenced to plunder and revel ; but in the night the Saxons returned, and falling upon the sleep- ing and drunken foe, wreaked a fearful vengeance. Few escaped, the king and a few survivors being retained as prisoners. When Egbert, the victorious king of Wessex, had obliged the different Saxon states to acknowledge his authority, peace, and the numerous blessings which follow in its train, were experienced by the inhabitants of the town, which at this time began to increase in prosperity and population, and on the surrender of East Lothian to Scotland, by Edgar, in 840, Berwick became subject to the Scottish crown. Not long, however, could the Scots claim Berwick as their own. For the Danes came from the east, and as the ancient settlers had yielded to the Saxon invaders, so they in their turn, were com- pelled to " kiss the dust," and submit to the conqueror's yoke, from which they were not released till the time of the great Alfred. Cotemporary with the minstrel king, was Gregory of Scotland, who, having subdued the soutliern parts of Caledonia, and extirpated the Danish invaders, pushed on till he arrived at Berwick, the last refuge of the Ostmen in the north, which he endeavoured to carry by assault. Xerved by despair, in addition to their native courage, the Danes baffled every effort made against them, and the Scottish monarch was about to withdraw his forces, when an unlooked for event placed the town in his possession. The Saxon inhabitants of Berwick, had long groaned beneath the oppression of their conquerors, and longed for an opportunity of revenge. Taking advantage of the attack, they rose in the night, and opened their gates to the Scots, who, rushing into the town, after a severe and determined conflict, became its possessors. Following up this success, Gregoiy advanced into Northumbria, where he defeated an immense BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. 941 army of Danes, aud returuing in triumph to Berwick, passed the winter there with his army. He granted many privileges to the town, which became again united to Scotland. We find the Xorman conqueror here in 1 079, when he compelled Malcolm of Scotland to render him homage. The Scottish king could brook this indignity only for a very short period, for he shortly afterwards captured Berwick, and returned home laden with the booty which he had acquired. On the death of Malcolm, his son Edgar assumed the Scottish crown, and gave Berwick to the see of Durham, in honour of its patrou, St. Cuthbert, under whose banner he had gained an important victory. But Flambard, the successor of Carileph, to whom Edgar had made the grant, disregarding the gift of the Scottish monarch, made an irruption into his territories, on which Edgai', provoked at his ingratitude, reassumed possession of the town and its A'aluable appendages. In the reign of Alexander I., Berwick began to assume the appearance of a port of some consequence, and was the capital of the East Lothians. In the reign of his successor the castle was built, or at least considerably strength- ened. It was now almost the chief seaport of Scotland, and ships from different nations began to throng its waters. According to Torfaens, the merchants of this town were men of great wealth and magnificence, and one of them from his vast riches, acquired the name of the " Opulent. " He embellished the town with various buildings, monasteries, churches, and religious houses. Tradition still preserves an adventure of this merchant. One of his vessels being at sea with his wife aboard, was taken by Erland, Earl of Orkney, who took her to the Fame Islands. The merchant hearing of the disaster, manned fourteen vessels with a competent number of men, and went in chase of the pirates, whom he found, gave battle to, and utterly destroyed. David of Scotland appears to have taken great interest in this town, for he made several improvements in it, and in 1141, erected a convent of Cistercian nuns in its neighbourhood. William the Lion, King of Scotland, having in 1 174, joined the three sons of Henry II., and others of the EngUsh nobility, in a rebellion against their sovereign, marched an army into England, but being opposed by Bohun, the constable of that kingdom, he was obliged to retire into his own territory. In revenge for this inroad into England, Bohun crossed the Tweed, burnt Berwick, and laid waste the adjacent country. William of Scotland was subse- quently taken prisoner at the siege of Alnwick Castle, and the only condition upon which he could obtain his liberty was, that he would make an express acknowledgment that he held the crown of Scotland as a fief of the crown of England. By the advice of his nobles William rendered homage, and swore fealty to Henry as his liege lord. It was moreover stipulated that the Scottish clergy and nobility should also render the same homage, that Berwick and four other castles should be entrusted to English garrisons, and that William's brothers and twenty of his barons should remain as hostages in the hands of the English monarch. When Berwick came into Henry's possession, he pulled down the Old castle 94^ HISTORY OF ' . and commenced to rebuild it. For this purpose he sent officers, having his warrant, into the country on the border, who compelled all merchants, barons, priests, &c., to furnish so many men for the work. Slowly but surely the ponde- rous structure rose, and the Norman castle with its battlements and towers, donjon and keep, portcullis and drawbridge, in all the majesty of feudal grandeur, frowned gloomily over the sparkling waters of the Tweed. Of the strong and durable nature of the work, abundant evidence was furnished in 1846, when, during the excavations for the railway, the vaults and founda- tions of several of the castle towers were exposed, and so strongly united were the stones of which these foundations, &c. were composed, that the pick of the " navie " could not separate them, and it was only by the application of gun- powder that the masses of stone could be detached. Berwick continued in the possession of the English till 1 189, when Richard Coeur de Lion, previous to his departure for the Holy Land, renounced for the sum of 10,000 marks, the feudal rights which Henry II. had extorted from William the Lion. Ten years after this, a dreadful inundation took place in England ; on the borders its ravages were most destructive, houses, trees, &c., were swept away, and among the rest the bridge of Berwick, but it w^as soon afterwards rebuilt. On the demise of William L, the Scottish crown devolved upon Alexander II., who revived the claim of his predecessors to the northern counties of E/jgland, being encouraged in the prosecution of this demand by the discontented barons of the north ; but John, wdio had succeeded to the English throne, not only refused to accede to the demand of Alexander, but made preparations for invading Scotland. In anticipation of this Alexander had made an inroad into Northumberland, whence he was soon driven by John, who, after laying Alnwick, Morpeth, and several other towns in ashes, took possession of Berwick, when the most barbarous cruelties were practised upon the defenceless inhabitants. The greatest atrocities were perpetrated in order to extract from the inhabitants the knowledge where their money was concealed ; and, to obtain this knowledge, they hung up both men and women by the joints of their thumbs, and inflicted on them various tortures. Berwick was again rebuilt and fortiiied, but only to suffer still more from the English and Scots, who were continually striving for its possession. In May 1217, the Archbishop of York, and the Bishop of Durham, came to Berwick, where they absolved Alexander II., of Scotland, who was present in person, from the excommunication which he had incurred by invading England in concert with Louis of France. Nineteen years after, the old town was the scene of a far different ceremony, Gilbert, Earl of Pembroke, having espoused Marion, sister of the Scottish King, came to Berwick to receive his bride. The nuptials were graced by the presence of Alexander and his Queen, and in the train of Pembroke w^ere some of the bravest soldiers in Europe. But it was under the fostering care of Mexander HI., that Berwick attained the summit of its prosperity, and its commercial and trading advantages were fully developed. He invited over a colony of Flemish merchantSj who established themselves in Berwick, where, in a street, still BERWICK-CPOX-TWEED. 943 called the Wool Market, he built for them a mart, or building, which, from the colour of the stone employed in its erection, was called the Red Hall. The Flemings held it by the tenure of defending it at all times against the English. Bat a new era was approaching, when Berwick became the place selected for the decision of a controversy, which for a long period disturbed the harmony of England and Scotland. In the course of four years, Alexander of Scotland had seen his daughter and two sons consigned to the grave. Shortly after, he himself was killed by falling over a precipice, and the crown devolved to Margaret, his grandaughter, surnamed the " Maid of Norway." The delicate health of this princess awakened the expectations of her distant relatives, and Robert Bruce, the Earl of Carrick, formed a party among both the Scotch and English nobles, for securing to himself the sovereign authority. Baliol, whose family like that of Bruce, was of Anglo-Norman descent, though now allied to the blood- royal of Scotland, observed, and exerted himself to thwart the projects of the Earl of Carrick. From jealous watchfulness and petty quarrels the animosity of the two parties soon broke out into open civil war. Alarmed at the clanger which threatened the country, the states of Scotland, and Eric of Norway invited Edward to assume once more the character of a peace-maker. He did not, however, forget that of a politician, for he proposed a marriage between the princess and his own son. The proposal was agreed to, but the " Maid of Norway," overcome with the fatigues of a rough passage from her native country, had expired in the Orkneys. Thirteen competitors for the crown now at once started forth. The three whose claims were best grounded on hereditary right, were Baliol, Bruce, and Hastings. Baliol was undoubtedly of the elder branch, but the laws of succession were not so well defined as at the present day. Bruce put in his claim as being the grandson, while Baliol was only the great grandson of David. Unable to decide, or dreading a continuation of civil war, the Scots determined to refer these various claims to the wisdom of Edward. The latter accepted the office, not, however, as an honour, but as a right, as a consequence of his being the superior lord of Scotland. On the 2nd August, 1291, the town of Berwick presented an animated appearance, for within its walls the prelacy and chivalry of England and Scot- land had assembled to determine the rights of the various claimants to the throne of the latter country. The King of England having arrived, required, as a preliminary, that his feudal superiority should be acknowledged by the various claimants. They asked time to consult, and the First of June was fixed upon for the statement of their objections. None were brought. Edward then informed them that in virtue of his suzerainty, he would proceed to adjudicate. The competitors having signed a formal instrument in acknowledgment of the right of the English crown, Edward appointed a council of forty Scots, chosen by Baliol, forty others selected by Bruce, and twenty-four Englishmen appointed by himself, to examine the allegations of the different claimants. After an enquiry of eighteen months, sentence was pronounced in favour of Baliol, who having done homage for the kingdom, 944 HISTOEY OF Edward delivered to him the fortresses which he himself had received from the Scots, and bj letters patent clearly stated that he claimed no right of wardship, marriage, or siezin of the kingdom. Baliol was crowned Kmg of Scotland at Scone, the 30th November, 129*2. Several appeals to his superior lord, particularly that of Macduff, son of the Earl of Fife, had given umbrage to Baliol, and he at length decided, in conformity with the expressed desire of his subjects, to assert his independence. He gave the management of the coming struggle to a council of four prelates, four earls, and four barons, and concluded a treaty both offensive and defensive with Philip of France. Edward suspecting his intentions, summoned Baliol, as his vassal, to accompany him to Guienne ; then he demanded the castles of Roxburgh, Jedburgh, and Berwick, as securities in his absence, and lastly summoned him to his court at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Baliol refused compliance with these demands ; Edward accordingly entered the north with a powerful army, and after several skirmishes invested Berwick-upon-Tweed in the spring of 1296. A strong garrison composed of the men of Fife, now defended the town, besides a smaller force that held the castle. The Enghsh monarch commenced the attack at once by sea and land ; of his ships, three were burnt, and the rest compelled to retire. Edward beheld the defeat of his fleet, and maddened with rage led on his men to the attack. The frail defences of the town gave way before the impetuous onset of the soldiery, who entering the place slaughtered the unfortunate inhabitants and soldiers without mercy. Amid the shrieks and groans of the dying, the cries for mercy, and the infuriated shouts of revenge, that rose from the captured town, the Flemings bravely defended the street, which they held in fief from the king of Scotland, on condition they should defend it against his enemies, and well and gallantly did this little band of heroes perform their tenure. Foot by foot did they retreat up the Wool Market, presenting an unbroken front to the overwhelming numbers of Edward's army. They gained their tower, barricaded its gates, and defied the whole strength of the English. Long and desperately did they maintain their post against their assailants, who, maddened with the death of one of their favourite leaders, that had fallen pierced by a Flemish spear, and despairing of carrying the place by storm, heaped together a quantity of straw and wood, mixed with broken furniture, at the gate of the tower ; a torch was applied, and the stifling smoke began to eddy around the brave Flemings, but they scorned to yield, and it was not till the roof, walls, and battlements had fallen in, and the brave defenders of the tower were buried in its ruins that the Enghsh could say the Red Hall was their own. The castle surrendered, and its garrison was allowed to depart weaponless, on condition of not bearing arms against England. Many writers state the slaughter of the inhabitants by Edward as enormous. Boetliius tells us 7,000 were butchered, others assert the number to be much greater. We have no account of the loss of the English. Immediately after this, Edward despatched the Earl of Warene against the strong castle of Dunbar, in the neighbourhood of which the Scots were BERWICK-UPOX-TWEED. ^45 defeated "with great slaughter. This battle was followed by the submission of all Scotland ; Edinburgh and Perth, the rival capitals, and all the fortresses as far as Moray Frith, opened their gates. At Berwick, meantime, Edward received the homage of all the prelates, barons, tenants of the crown, and representatives of the towns. While the great mass of the Scottish population quietly submitted, others did not yet despair of their country's independence, and not a few were lurking in arms amid the woods and morasses of the mountains. The fame of one, who like themselves, was an outlaw, attracted their attention ; his exploits were in every mouth, and hope was heightened to enthusiasm by tidings of a bold encounter, in which he slew the sheriff of Lanarkshire, and still more when joined by Sir William Douglas, he entered Scone, put the justiciary to flight, and seized the treasures. The outlaw's name was William Wallace. Animated by his example, chieftains arose in almost every county, and their followers were soon afterwards united into one numerous army. Headed by V/allace, the Scots defeated the English forces at Stirling Bridge ; pushed on towards Berwick, and immediately laid siege to the castle. The fortress being well garrisoned and victualled, held out bravely, and in spite of the courage of Wallace, wdio led his Scots to repeated assaults, the governor defied him. The Scottish leader was obliged to raise the siege on the advance of the English regent, who, in the king's absence, marched to the relief of Berwick with an army of upwards of 13,000 men. After the defeat of the Scots at Falkirk, the cause of independence languished, and Wallace became a wanderer. Betrayed by one whose brother he had killed, he w^as crowned with laurel in mockery, and sentenced to death for treason. Wallace underwent the awful punishment ; his head was placed upon the Tower of London, and one of his arms hung from the point of a spear on Berwick Bridge. Tradition tells us that some charitable hand removed this relic of the Scottish hero from its ignominious position, and gave it sepulture in the spot now known by the designation of "Wallace's Green." In the following year, Berwick witnessed the execution of some more Scottish patriots. Niel Bruce, brother of Eobert Bruce, the deliverer of Scotland, and some other knights w^ere taken prisoners in an attack upon Kildrummy Castle, brought to Berwick, where they were tried, and afterwards hung, drawn, and quartered on a small hill to the left of the Edinburgh Bead, still called the Gallow-s Knowe. The Countess of Buchan having dared to place the crown of Scotland upon the head of Robert Bruce, in 1306, and soon afterwards falling into the hands of Edw-ard, was by him doomed to experience a severe fate. In one of the outer turrets of the castle of Berwick was constructed a cage, latticed and crossed barred with w^ood, and secured with iron, in which this unfortu- nate lady was immured. No person was permitted to speak with her except the women who brought her food, and it was carefully stipulated that these should be of English extraction. Confined in this rigorous manner, she remained for four years shut up in her cage, at the end of which period, she was transferred to a less rigorous confinement in tlie Carmelite convent in the town. 946 rrrsTORY of . Edward died in 1307, and on his death-bed cooimanded his son to prosecute the war with the Scots, and to carry his bones before the army to the ver}^ extremity of Scotland. On the Idng's death these commands were disregarded. His successor hastened from the capital to the borders ; received the homage of the English barons at Carlisle, and that of the Scotch at Dumfries ; and at the head of a gallant army advanced in pursuit of Bruce, whom he followed into Ayrshh'e, and then returned to England. He made several inroads into Scotland through Berwick, during the years 1310 and 1311, and, in 1314, he assembled there the most numerous army that had ever crossed the border. It consisted of nearly 100,000 men, of whom 40,000 were cavalry, and the rest infantry. Having obtained an additional reinforcement from the northern counties, this powerful army advanced into Scotland in two columns, under the command of leaders of the most distinguished character. Hearing of Edwards approach, Bruce chose for the coming struggle a place called the Xew Park. It was partly open, partly covered with trees. The front of the position was secured by a morass, and the east, or right flank, by the precipitous banks of a stream called Bannockburn. The left flank extending almost to Stirhng, seemed to lie open to attack, but was, in reality more dangerous than any other quarter, it was one extensive series of con- cealed pits, bristling with sharpened stakes. The hurdles and sods which coYcred these pits were sufficiently strong to bear a foot soldier, and certain of yielding under the heavy cavalry of England. At daybreak, on the 24th June, the day of surrender or battle, the Scots gathered round a height, on which an altar had been erected, and there the Abbot of Inchaffray celebrated mass. Having finished, he impressed upon his hearers the duty of fighting for their country, and then led them with a crucifix in his hand to the field of battle, where they knelt and prayed once more, and then calruly awaited the onset of the English. They were nearly all on foot, and were armed with spears and battle axes. Two occurrences gave them more than ordinary courage. One was the victoiy of Bruce in single combat with Henry de Bohun, one of the bravest of the English knights. The other was the defeat of a strong body of English cavalry, while attempting to push on for Stirling. This defeat was the more glorious as it was won by infantry, who forming in something like the ancient phalanx, repelled every assault, and drove the English at last into complete disorder. While the Scots were still glowing with this triumph, they were attacked by the English infantry, and soon began to fall in great numbers beneath the incessant shower of aiTows. To maintain the unequal conquest, Bruce summoned his reserve, and finally ordered his small party of men-at-arms to charge the English bowmen in flank. This movement decided the fate of the English infantry. They fled in confusion, and the knights with the Earl of Gloucester at their head, rushed forward to renew the conflict. But their horses were entangled in the pits, the riders were thrown, and the timely appearance of the Scottish camp followers, who had been stationed in the valley, scattered dismay through the English ranks. Edward, who was not deficient in personal courage, spuiTed on his charger to partake in the battle. BERWICK-UPON'TWEED. 917 but the Earl of Pembroke wisely interposed, and led liim to a distance. With a few gallant exceptions, the whole body of the English was now in full flight ; baggage, treasure, engines of war, all were left to the victors. Edward, after a hot pursuit, must have thought himself happy when he entered the gates of Dunbar. On the third day after the battle, Edward arrived at Berwick, and while there published a proclamation, to advise his subjects of the loss of his great seal, which was lost with his treasures at Bannockburn, and warning them not to regard any orders that might appear with its impression, unless such orders were otherwise confirmed. Bruce subsequently restored the seal to Edward. We find Berwick described at this period as a strong and well walled town, from which it is apparent, that Edward during his Scottish wars, had not neglected to strengthen and build defences for its safe keeping. The king issued a summons a year after for his barons to meet him at Berwick, in order to ward off a threa.tened attack of the Scots, but when the king m.arched into Scotland, a famine threatened his army, and obliged him to return. During the absence of the monarch, Berwick did not enjoy the blessings of peace, for Douglas hovering about the neighbourhood, defeated and killed, on two several occasions, a Gascon gentleman, governor of Berwick, and Kobert de Neville, both of whom were interred in the church of the Grey Friars. Several attempts were subsequently made by the Scots to capture Berwick, but without success. At length, in 1318, it surrendered to Brace, who appeared in person before its walls. The Scottish king found the castle w^ell garrisoned with provisions and military stores, and instead of demolishing the fortress, which he had hitherto done with all he had taken from the English, he strengthened the fortifications and defences of the town, and ga,ve the keeping of it to his son-in-law% Walter Stewart, who vowed to defend the perilous post to the utmost. Edward being resolved to regain this important fortress, a parliament was held at York, and the barons who attended it, accompanied the king as far as Berwick, anxious to wipe out the stain which the defeat at Bannockburn had inflicted upon the chivalry of the nation. Edward entrenched his camp at Tweedmouth, and then began to invest the walls of Berwick, with all that eagerness which recent defeat and hope of revenge could lend. With a cordon of armed men, he slowly but surely surrounded the devoted town, and then began the assault. The English attempted to take the place by escalade but the ladders laden with soldiers were thrown back from the walls, and the dead and bruised assailants were cast into the trenches. Again and again did the English rush to the attack, and every time were they driven back. Bruce hastened to raise the siege, but despairing of success, despatched fifteen thousand men under Randolph and Douglas to surprise the English Queen at York, and to ravage the country. They failed in their first object, but their devastations were so extensive, that the archbishop, at the head of the posse of the country, ventured to oppose them at Borough-bridge. He was defeated, and three hundred clergvmen, and ten times that number of laymen, " 3 M 2 948 HISTOEY OF - fell by the sword, or perished in the river. The disastrous intelligence soon reached the camp before Berwick, and Ed^Yard determined to raise the siege. The English monarch departed from Berwick never more to visit it. Bruce shortlv afterwards arrived there, and being sensible of the hazard to which it was exposed from its position, and of its importance as a frontier town, the Scottish king heightened the walls ten feet, added many tow^ers, and put the fortifications in a more complete state of repair. After a truce of two years the war was renewed, and Edward again entered Berwickshire with a for- midable army. From the scarcity of provisions, he was obliged to retreat, and in the year 1323, a treaty of peace for thirteen years was confirmed at Berwick. On the death of Bruce, in 1329, Edward III. revived the claims of the fflonarchs who had preceded him, and war was recommenced. Pretences are seldom wanting at the call of aggrandisement, and, in 133.2, Edward Baliol, the pretender to the Scottish throne, appeared at Ptoxburgh, where he sur- rendered the independence of Scotland to Edward III., as his liege lord, and engaged to put him in possession of Berwick with its territory, and other lands on the Marches. The repeated incursions of the Scots, furnished Edward with the pretext that they had violated the treaty of peace, and in- duced the English parliament to give its approbation to a renewal of the war. The campaign was opened by Baliol, with the siege of Berwick, which was gallantly defended by the Earl of March, the commander of the castle, and Sir Alexander Beaton, the governor of the town. Two months elapsed before the king of England arrived when the operations of the siege were immediateh^ pushed on with new vigour, and in a general assault the town was set on fire. The inhabitants, intimidated by the danger, stipulated to open the gates, unless they were relieved before a certain day, and Sir Archibald Douglas, the new regent of Scotland, anxious to save so important a fortress, passed the Tweed with a numerous army, and offered battle to the besiegers. Edward kept within his entrenchments, and the regent, having thrown a few knights and some provisions into the place, departed the next morning, ravaged Korthumberland, and laid siege to the castle of Bambrough, in which Queen Philippa resided. The king now demanded the surrender of the place ; the Scots replied that it had been relieved, and the English in revenge hanged one of the hostages, the son of the governor. This act of severity alarmed the relations of the hostages that survived, and new agreements were made by the Earl of March and Sir William Keith, who had assumed the command of the town, to admit the English within the v/ails at the end of five days, unless the Scottish army should previously raise the siege, or introduce a body of 300 men-at-arms into the place between sunrise and sunset of the same day. A messenger was instantly despatched to the regent, and on the afternoon of the fourth day the Scottish army was seen advancing in four bodies to attack the besiegers. Edward drew up his army on Halidon Hill, from which the archers annoyed the enemy, as they struggled through the marshy ground at the foot, and chmbed up the declivity of the mountain. The Scots were fatiguad BEEWICK-UPON-TWEBD. 949 and disordered before they could reach their opppouents, and the obstinacy with which thej fought served only to increase their loss. The regent, six. earls, and many barous fell on the field of battle ; the fugitives were pursued by Edward and a party of the horse on one side, and by Lord Da,rcy and his Irish auxiliaries on the other, and the slaughter is said to have exceeded that of any former defeat. The town and castle w^ere immediately surrendered, and the young King of Scotland, with his wife, the sister of Edward, was conveyed for greater security, from Dumbarton into France, where he resided for several years. We find Edwardat Berwick in 1 335, and again in 1340. At this latter period he was accompanied by an army of 46,000 men. In 1341 he celebrated his Easter here, and held a tournament, in w^hich twelve Scottish knights entered the lists with twelve of the king's train. This spectacle was exhibited with great pomp and magnificence ; but from the animosity which existed between the people of the two nations, the exhibition was attended with so much ire and invetracy, and such bitter rivalship, that two Scottish knights, and Sir JohnTwiford, an English knight, were slain. David Bruce, King of Scotland, having been captured at the battle of Neville's Cross, in 1346, commissioners met at Berwick, in 1354, to treat of his ransom, andon the 3rd October, 1375, all the conditions of ransom having been agreed upon, the king was released, and the " great truce" for five and twenty years was concluded. During the absence of Edward III., on an expedition to France, in 1355, the Scots formed a scheme for the recovery of Berwick. Thomas Stewart, Earl of Angus, in concert with the Earl of March, having collected a great number of ships from different ports of Scotland, filled them with brave warriors, and in a dark night disembarked them on the northern side of the mouth of the Tweed, whence they moved unobserved to the foot of the town walls, and at day-break took the town by escalade. The English that w^ere on guard were quickly overpowered ; the captain of the town, Sir Alexander Ogle, and two other English knights, being slain. But the town did not remain long in possession of the Scots. We may judge of the great importance of Berwick in those days, from the anxiety of the English king to recover it; for, having received intelligence, while yet in France, of the success of his enemies, he returned into England with all possible expedition, and though his parliament was then sitting, he staid only three days in bis capital. Pursuing his march northw^ards, he arrived at Durham on the '^3rd December, w^hence he issued his summons to all the fighting men of the several counties of his kingdom, to attend him at Newcastle, on the 1st January. Having kept his Christmas at the last named town, he marched from it at the head of his army, and came before Berwick on the 14th January. His navy having also arrived at the river's mouth, he laid siege to the town both by sea and land. The castle still holding out for hhn, he went into it in person, accompanied by his guards, designing to let down the draw-bridge, and to attack the town on that side, while his army assaulted other parts of the walls. Sir Walter Manney, also, one of Edward's most celebrated captains, was employed in 950 HISTORY OF advancing a mine below the wall, by the help of certain miners, who had been brought from the forest of Dean. The Scottish garrison, judging it impossible to hold out the place, against the combination of force and art employed to reduce it, soon otfered to capitulate, and were allowed to march out with safety of life and limb. King Edward, after this, made considerable additions to the fortifications. Berwick was again the property of the Scots in 1384, but it was very soon regained for the English by Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. Berwick enjoyed a short period of repose on the accession of Bolingbroke to the throne of England, and it was not till the rebellion of the Percies, that the town was in danger of being once more in the possession of the Scots. In ] 404, the Eaii of Northumberland engaged to deliver up the castle and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed to the King of Scotland, Robert III. resigning also his revenue of 500 marks per annum, out of the customs of the town of Berwick. Northumberland was arraigned for this, but escaped punishment. After the defeat of the Percies at Shrewsbury, the king seized upon all the lands and fortresses belonging to the Earl of Northumberland, and marched northward with a numerous and well appointed army, having with him artillery and other engines of war. The Earl of Northumberland had fled into Scot- land, carrying with him the son of Harry Hotspur, aiid left the defence of Berwick to Sir William Greystock, who, in conjunction with many friends and noblemen of Northumberland's party, determined to resist the king to the last extremity. Henry's summons to surrender the place was treated with scorn : the garrison, confident in the strength of the castle, and the many sieges it had sustained, laughed at the king's threat of compelling them to yield. Little did they dream of the new power which gunpowder had jDlaced in Henry's hands. Bolingbroke directed his engineers to fire upon the citadel. The first shot which reached it was one from a cannon of large bore, and as the report shook the foundations of the old walls, and infused terror into the souls of the enemy, a large portion of the tower, struck by the shot, fell in ruins. Defence was useless against this formidable assailant, and the garrison, relying on the mercy of the king, surrendered. Several of the most anxious of the nobles, made their escape by sea. Sir William Greystock and a few others were taken to the Gallows Knowe, where, having made their confessions and received absolution, they were beheaded : the remainder were sent to prison. After the sanguinary battle of Towton, near Tadcaster, in Yorkshire, which W"as fought on Palm Sunday, 1461, and in which the Yorkists were victorious, a party of the Lancastrians, viz. King Henry, the Prince of Wales, the Queen, the Duke of Somerset, and several others, being then at York, and hearing of the success of the White Rose, made a precipitous retreat to New- castle, and thence to Berwick, which they delivered to the Scots. The Earl of Warwick, the " King Maker," having reduced Bambrough, hastened to Berwick, which he speedily mastered and wasted the borders in revenge. The town appears to have shortly afterwards fallen again into the hands of the Scots, for we find that during the winter of 1480, the English laid siege BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. Gol to Berwick, both by sea and land. The works bemg new they flattered themselves they should with little difficulty be able to beat down the walls, but though several breaches were made, the resistance v/as so obstinate, that after spending most part of the winter in carrying on the siege, the English were forced to raise it, and retreat from before the town. In two years after- ■wards, Edward IV. invested Berwick with an army of twenty-two thousand men ; the garrison made no resistance, and the town was imaiiediately seized. Lord Hales, who had the command of the castle, refused to surrender it, and prepared to defend it to the last. Four thousand men were left to continue the siege, and the main body advanced towards Edinburgh. Ijord Hales having done everything in his power to ward off the enemy, was forced to yield, and Berwick, for the last time, was delivered up to England, the Scots never again attempting its recovery. " And thus," say a local writer, " after a lapse of 600 years, with the halo of centuries surrounding it, and the memories of the Saxons, Danes, and Scots upon it, did this old and war-worn pile fall into the hands of the redoubted English." In the reigns of Richard III. of England, and James III. of Scotland, commissioners were appointed by the two Crowns to determine the limits of Berwick, on which occasion it vras agreed that the disputed territory should remain uncultivated and uninhabited. In the year 1502, a treaty was concluded between Henry YII. and James IV. of Scotland, by which the Scottish monarch should marry the princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry, and by this union cement the friendship of the two nations. We are informed by HoUingshed that by this agreement, the young queen's jointure was to be ^2,000 sterling, and the writings giving and conveying them were to be delivered at Berwick to her father, or to such as were empow^ered by him to receive them. Her dowry amounted to about £10,000 sterling, to be paid in three equal portions ; the first payment at her marriage, the other two in the second and third years. The King of Scotland also stipulated, that the town and castle of Berwick-upon-Tweed, with the ancient bounds and inhabitants thereof, should for ever remain and be included in the present perpetual peace. Among the great days of Berwick was that on v\'hich, in 1503, the Princess Margaret passed through the town on her way to Scotland, where she was to become the bride of James IV. According to the circum- stantial details given by Leland, Margaret and her splendid retinue were met "At the entrynge of the bryge by the cappittayne of Barrwyk well appointed, and in hys company hys gentylemen and men of armes who received the said qwene into the said place. At the tother end of the bryge toward the gatt, was the maister marshall companyd of his company, ichon bearing a stalfe in his haund. After hym was the college revested with the crosse, the wliiche was gyffen hyr for to kisse by th' archbyschop as before. At the gatt of the said towne was the maister porter, with the gard and soyars of the said place, in a row well appoynted. Ichon of those had an hallebarde or other staffe in his haund as the other. And upon the said gatt war the mynstraylls of the said capittayne, playnge of their instruments. In the midds of the said towne was the maister chamberlayn, and the mayre, accompanyd of the bourges and 953 HISTORY OF habitaunts of tlie said place, in fayr ordre, and well appoynted. In such fayr ordre and company sclie was conveyed and brought to the castell, wher sche was receyved by the Lady DMrcy honnestly accompany d." The queen remained at Berwick for two days, where she had " great chore of the said capittayne of Barrwyk, and hyr company in likewys. The first day of August the qwene departed fro Barrwyk for to go to Lamberton Kerke in varey fayr company, and well apoynted." A treaty was concluded at Berwick, in October 1525, between the com- missioners of Henry VIII. and James V. for a three year's truce, and in 1528, this truce was renewed for five years more. Another peace was signed at Berwick, in December 1533, to be broken on either side, as the different interests and ambition of the nations prompted, which happened very soon after; for, in 1541, the Dukeof Norfolk, at the head of an English force, marched into Berwick, and thence advanced up the Tweed against James Y. He burnt Kelso and several villages, and after having vainly endeavoured to bring the Scottish monarch to battle, the rigour of the season, and the scarcity of provisions, obhged him to re-enter Berwick, eight days after he had left it. Many additions and repairs were made to the fortifications of the town, in 1550, the great expense of which, with those of Calais, are stated in the Idng's journals as the cause for debasing the coin, and two years afterwards no less than £6,000 was expended for the reparation of this fortress, as appears from the minutes of secretary CeciL Not a yestige of these works is now left, they were swept away by the new fortifications which were com- menced in the reign of Elizabeth. In November, 1566, the beautiful and unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, after superintending the proceedings of the circuit courts at Jedburgh, a common practice, at regular seasons, with the Scottish sovereigns, and being desirous of seeing Berwick, came into the neighbourhood accompanied by a retinue of 300 horse. Sir John Forster, deputy governor, came with other officers out of Berwick, and tendered her the respect of the good people of the town. The Queen expressed her desire to see Halidon Hill. The captain escorted her there, and pointed out to her the different situations of the battle, Douglas Dyke, &c., he then conducted her to a spot on the west side of the town, whence a good view of the old borough might be obtained. She was saluted by a general discharge of ordnance from the town, and was afterw^ards attended b\^ Sir John Forster and his compan}^ as far as Eyemouth, on her way to Coldingham. From this time till the death of Queen Elizabeth, in 1603, Berwick endured aloiost all the evils that can afflict a people from the guilty passions of rival sovereigns, and the turbulent manners of men whose forefathers and themselves had been involved in hostile broils for three centuries, during which period this town had changed masters no fewer than thirteen times. The union of the two crowns in the person of James VI. of Scotland, closed a long and almost uninterrupted scene of rapine and bloodshed. On the death of Queen Elizabeth, James VI. of Scotland, was proclaimed at B^i^ick, March 26th, ] 603, King of England, France, and Ireland, by BEBWICK-UPON-TWEED. 953 the name of King James I., aud ou the 5th April, his majesty began his journey from Edinburgh, the royal retinue consisting of about five hundred mounted noblemen and gentlemen. On his arrival at the boundaries of Berwick, he was received with every demonstration ol loyalty and affection, by Sir John Carey, the marshall, accompanied by all the officers of the town and garrison. As the king entered the gate, the keys of the town were delivered to him by William Selby, gentleman porter, ou whom the king conferred the honour of knighthood, and returned to him the keys. At the market place the mayor delivered to his majesty the charters of the town, and a purse of gold; his majesty graciously returned the former, and as graciously retained the latter. In return the king confirmed all their charters, adding many privileges, which still remain peculiar to the town. In royal state James proceeded to thechurchjto renderthanks to God for granting him so peace- ful an entrance into his new dominions, and the Bishop of Durham preached on the occasion. On the following day the king visited the fortifications, port, and magazines, and at the head of the garrison under arms, displayed his skill in gunnery by discharging a piece of ordnance, a feat which was answered by a loud cheer from the assembled multitude. Influenced by the most humane and praiseworthy intentions, James endeavoured as much as possible to remove all recollections of past hostilities between England and Sco land, and in furtherance of this object his majesty ordered that portion of the country which had hitherto been called the borders, to be designated the middle shires. From this time the importance of Berwick as a frontier town declined. A long and peaceful reign followed, and though the borderers, for a century after, continued to rob and plunder their neighbours, yet the ancient feeling between the Scotch and English had changed to a more Christian and enlightened spirit. On the demise of James I. his son Charles ascended the throne of England, and after a brief struggle with his parliament, concerning the prerogative of the crown on one side, and the liberty of the people on the other, a civil war ensued. On the 3rd June, 1633, Charles I. arrived at Berwick, on his way to Edinburgh to be crowned. He was met at the foot of the bridge by the local authorities, and conducted with every mark of respect to the Market- place, where the recorder of the borough delivered a long and tedious speech in his presence, after which his majesty proceeded on his way. We find him here again, in 1639, when he was marching with his army to suppress the Covenanters. A short time after this latter visit, Charles granted to the people of Berwick, a brief in order to collect money to build a church, instead of the old one which had been taken down in the reign of Mary, and the materials employed in the reparation of the walls and fortifications. During the Parliamentary wars, Berwick was surprised by Su* Marmaduke Langdale, Sir Charles Lucas, and other English; and Clarendon tells us that '* Sir Marmaduke was no sooner master of Berwick, than several gentlemen and noblemen of the adjacent parts came flocking to see him, as did ofilcers and soldiers thereabouts, who had formei'ly served the king, well armed and appointed for war ; so that they had not only a sufiicient garrison to keep 954 HISTOEY OF that place, but troops enough of horse to free the adjacent counties from those forces and committees, and other persons, who were either pubhcly engaged in, or well known private!}^ to wish well to the Parliament." After the execution of the king, and the defeat of Langdale and Hamilton at Preston, Cromwell resolved to march into Scotland, w-here Charles II. had been crowned and acknowledged as king. Ad'^-ancing by easy marches, Cromwell entered Berwick, where he quartered his army, and shortly after- wards marched into Scotland, the Scots retreating before him, and wasting the country. On the death of Cromwell, his son Richard was chosen to succeed him ; but he possessed few of the talents, and fortunately none of the ambition of the relentless Oliver. General Monk, who had been left in Scotland by Cromwell to subdue that kingdom, finding out howMuatters stood in England, cautiously removed from his forces those men whom he distrusted, secured the castles of Edinburgh and Leitb, and established his head quarters at Bervdck. He shortly afterwards proceeded to London, where, by his means was wrought the restoration of Charles II. to the throne of his ancestors. The annals of Berwick record nothing of importance during the reigns of Charles 11. , James IT., A^dlliam and Mary, Anne, or George 1. ; but the year 1745 brought with it the attempt of Charles Stuart, son of the Pretender of 1715, to regain the crown of his ancestors. Prince Charles, whose courage was not deterred by his father's failure, determined to make one bold attempt for the throne, and in June, he landed in Inverness-shire, with a few followers. No sooner did the nev\^s of his landing reach London than a reward of thirty thousand pounds was offered for his head, and the prince not wishing to be out-done in liberality, offered the same sum for that of George II. Everything was neglected for the coming strife, men's thoughts were entirely occupied svith war. Berwick was put into the best posture of defence, and made a depot for arms and ammunition. The inhabitants formed them- selves into companies, chose their own officers, and did the duty of the garrison. On the occupation of Edinburgh by the prince's army, most of the gentry resident between that city and Berwick, hastened with their families to the latter place for protection. General Cope after his defeat at Preston Pans, retired to Berwick, where he arrived with several officers, and a body of dragoons, on the 21 St x\ugust. On the same day, the "Glasgow," man-of- war, arrived there with 700 Dutch troops, who introduced an infectious fever into the town, which swept off great numbers of both sexes. The army of the Prince invaded England by the western border, to the great joy of the good people of Berwick. After having advanced as far as Derby, the Prince and his army returned to Scotland, and at the battle of Falkirk, the too con- fident Hawley, w^as as completely beaten as Sir John Cope at Preston Pans. When the news of Hawley's defeat arrived at London, every face w^as clouded with apprehension, and the Duke of Cumberland was appointed to the command of the army. So expeditiously did the Duke travel, that though he left London on the 20th January, he passed through Berwi'as highly favoured by the English monarchs, who took the institution under their special protection. The Convent of Cistercian nuns was founded by David, King of Scotland, in 1141, and was afterwards richly endowed by the liberality of several individuals. There w^as another Cistercian Convent, dedicated to St. Leonard, at Halystan, within the liberties of Berwick. It was greatly enriched by numerous donations from Edward III., after the battle of Halidon Hill. The name of Maudlingfield still commemorates the site of the Hospital of St. Mary Magdalen ; a house dedicated to the Holy Trmity stood at tho end of the bridge ; there was also the Hospital of the Blessed Virgin, and in addition there was the Domus Dei, or Hotel Dieu, which was established at a very early period, and like all the other ancient religious foundations of Berwick, has long been discontinued. CHURCHES, CHAPELS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &g. Holy Trinity Church was erected in 1648, under the direction of Colonel George Fenwick, of Brinkburn. The materials employed in its 9o8 HISTOEY OF construction were the stones composing the outside walls of the old castle of Benvick, and it occupies the site of the ancient church, which was pulled down during the reign of Queen Mary. The present edifice is of no particular order of architectm*e, the second storey being supported on pillars, joined together by arches, and not springing from the walls of the first storey. It has the appearance of one church standing on the roof of another, and as it possesses neither tower nor bells, the congregation is summoned by the bells of the Town Hall. The interior is very handsome, having several beautiful monuments, an excellent organ, and a very fine altar piece. The parish register commences in 157^. The living, a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lindisfarne and deanery of Norham, is rated in the Liber Regis at £20 ; annual value, £289. The patronage is vested in the Dean and Chapter of Durham. Rev. George Hans Hamilton, M.A., vicar; Rev. Thomas Proctor, B.A., curate. OuK Blessed Lady and St. Cuthbert's Catholtc Chuech is situated at Ravensdowne, and is a very neat stone edifice, capable of accommodating about 300 persons. Rev. Anthony Mc. Dermott, priest. The Independent Chapel, Castlegate, is a large commodious stone building, erected in 1848, at a cost of £1,200, and will accommodate about 700 hearers. Rev. George C. Morrison, A.M., minister. The Scotch Church, or High Presbyterian Meeting House, High-street, was erected in ] 724, and possesses sufficient accommodation for 1 ,500 persons. Rev. James A. Miller, minister. The Low Presbyterian Meeting House is situated on the east side of Hide Hill. It was erected by subscription in 1719, and will seat about 700 persons. Rev. William Gray, minister. In 1729, Joseph Watson, Esq., bequeathed £5 per annum to the ministeis of each of the two last-mentioned places of worship, and also £10 to be distributed yearly to ten of the most deserving poor widows of both congregations. The Secession Church, Golden-square, was built by the Scotch Burghers, in 1770, and enlarged in 1796. It will now accommodate about 1,200 hearers. Rev. John Cairns, minister. The United Presbyterian Chapel, Church-street, was erected by the Anti-Burghers, in 1812, and will seat about 500 persons. Ptev. Robert Peden, minister. The United Presbyterian Chapel, Chapel- street, was built in 1756, and will accommodate 900 worshippers. Rev. William Ritchie, minister. The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, Walkergate- lane. Rev. Robert Totherick, minister. The Primitive Methodist Chapel, College-place, was erected by subscription, in 1829, at a cost of £664. It is a neat stone edifice, and will accommodate about 500 persons. Rev. William Fulton, nainister. The Baptist Meeting Room is in Walkergate- lane, and will seat about 300 persons. Revs. Alexander Kirkwood and Charles Robson, ministers. The English Presbyterian Chapel, Bank-hill, is a neat stone building, erected in 1835, at a cost of £1,100, and possesses about 600 sittings. Rev. Alexander Murdock, minister. The Grammar School is situated in High-street. In this establishment the sons of the burgesses receive a first-rate classical education gratuitously. The institution is endowed with the three following bequests, viz. :— one-sixth BERWICK-UrON-TWEED. - 059 of the tithes of Chesvvick, in the chapeliy of Ancroft, in Northumberland, bequeathed by Robert Jackson, Esq., in 1647, and now worth £56 per annum ; a school and dwelling-house for the master, left by Sir "William Selby, in 1 648, and one-fourth part of the estate called Cold Martin's Farm, in the parish of Chatton, in Northumberland, bequeathed by Christopher Hopper, Esq., and now producing £65 per annum. The annual income arising from lands and tithes, is about £650. The surplus remaining after paying the schoolmaster's salary, is appropriated towards the liquidation of a debt incurred in rebuilding the school and repairing the master's dwelling-house. The trustees are twelve gentlemen appointed by the Court of Chancery. Master, the Rev. T. M. Dickenson, M.A., who has a dwelling-house free of rent and taxes, and the privilege of teaching an unlimited number of non-freemen's sons, who pay a certain quarterly salary. Near to the above institution, are the Coepoeation Schools which occupy a line and spacious edifice, on the Bank Hill. This structure was erected in 1798, and at present (1854), there are about 420 scholars receiving a gratuitous education in this establishment, to which the children of the burgesses have free access. Rev. David Brown, Alexander Slight, John Binning, and John Wright, teachers. The Chaeity School, Ravensdowne, owes its origin to the humane and benevolent exertions of the late Captain Bolton, of Berwick, who, in 1725, endowed it with £800. It has since received additions to its revenues from the following sources, viz. : — £50 from Percival Clennell, Esq. ; £100 from Mr. John Brown ; £20 from John Bell ; £5 from Mr. John Reid ; £91 2s. 3d. from Robert Edmuntson, Esq. ; £100 from an unknown benefactor; £1,000 in the three per cents, from Mr. Cole, a Memel merchant, but a native of Berwick; £500 from Dr. Ralph Patterson; and £100 from William Grieve, Esq. The establishment is at present attended by about 190 boys, 40 of whom are clothed and educated gratuitously, and is conducted by Mr. Michael Lister, who receives £60 per annum besides the weekly payments of the scholars. He is assisted by four pupil teachers. This school occupies a good stone building, which was considerably enlarged in 1843, at an expense of £455. It will now accommodate 200 pupils. Thomas Hubback. Esq., treasurer. The School of Industey, Palace Green, was established in 1819, under the patronage of the ladies of Berwick, by whose annual donations it is liberally supported, for the education of poor girls, of whom there are now 100 in the school, Jane Patterson, mistress. Besides the above there are also schools attached to the different places of worship in the town, as also several private establishments for education. Banks. — Noethumbeeland and Dueham Disteict Bank, Bridge-street. Busuiess hours, from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. except Fridays, when the bank closes at 1 p.m. This establishment draws upon Glyn, Mills, & Co., Lombard-street, London, W. H. Logan, agent. The Union Bank is situated on Hide Hill. Hours of business as above. This bank draws upon the Union Bank, Prince s- street, London, and the Bank of Scotland, Edinburgh ; Andrew Mallock, agent. The Savings' Bank, Quay Walls, is a provident institution which 960 HISTORY OF affords a safe and profitable investment for the savings of the humbler classes. It was first established herein February, 1816, audit is open on Mondays, from 6-30 to 8 p.m., William Paulin, secretary. The Barracks are situated on the east side of the town, near to the walls, and almost facing the church. They were erected in 1719. The buildiugs are very strong and two storeys high, composing a square of 217 feet by 121, and are calculated to accommodate upwards of 500 men. After being for many years unoccupied, the Russian w^ar has caused them to be again brought into use, and the sound of the bugle may once more be heard summoning to their various duties, the brave defenders of our hearts and homes. The County Court for the recovery of debts under £50, is held on the third Tuesday in each month, in the Town Hall, James Losh, Esq., judge ; Henry Ingledew, clerk; George W. Dalton, deputy clerk; and John Currie, bailiff. Clerk's o£&ce, Silver-street. Customhouse, Quay Walls, John Adley, Esq., collector; James H. Blair, Esq., comptroller ; Jordan Evans, searcher, landing waiter, gauger, and tide sur- veyor; Robert Meikle, clerk ; and John Brown, locker. Dispensary. — This, the most important benevolent institution in Berwick, was established in 1814, for the purpose of affording medical and surgical aid to the lame and sick poor. From its foundation at the above mentioned period, it has rendered invaluable services to the people of this town and neighbourhood, by whom its benefits are highly appreciated. It stood formerly in a yard, in Church-street, but a proper building having been erected on the Quay Walls, the offices, &c. were removed there. Hot and cold baths can also be obtained at a trifling cost. Expenditure for the past year, £150, James Marshall, secretary. Gas Companies. — 'Berwick possesses two gas companies ; the " Berwick- upon-Tweed Gas Light Company," and the " Berwick and Tw^eedmouth Gas Company." The former was founded in 1821, and the company's w^orks situated at Fulford, were executed the same year, at an expense of £3,700, and the towai w^as first lighted with gas on the first of January, 1822. The gasometers of this company are capable of holding 10,000 cubic feet of gas. The company supply the public at eight shillings per 1,000 cubic feet. Mr. James Paterson, secretary and manager. The works of the Berwick and Tweedmouth Gas Company are situated at Spittal. They were erected in 1844, and contain a gasometer capable of holding 20,000 cubic feet of gas, which is supplied to the public at the same rate, as hy the above company; William Taylor, manager ; John Wright, secretary. MxiRKETS, Fairs, &c. — The Corporation of Berwick, according to their charter, have the right of holding two weekly markets on Saturday and Weduesda}^ but only the latter day is at present observed. The Corn Market is held on the site of the old shambles, Hide Hill, w^here great quantities of corn are sold by sample. The Fish Market is held in the centre of High-street, and is generally well supplied. The Fruit and Vegetable Market is also held in the same street. The Butter, Egg, and Poultry Market, is held under the Town Hall. Three high markets are established in the year for the r BEEWICK-UFON-TWEED. 961 hiring of servants, sale of black cattle, horses, &c. An annual fair is also held on the last Friday in May. Mechanics' Institution and News Eoom. — This useful institution, situated in High-street, was established in 1850, and is open daily from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., Sundays exce]^ted, when it is open from 6 to 9 p.m., William Fleming, librarian. The New Jail, Wallace's Green, is a very handsome building in the Elizabethan style of architecture, erected in 1848-49, at a cost of £8,500. There is a court held here every Thursday for the borough, and one for the county on the first Wednesday in each month. Mr. William Whinna, governor. The Pohce Office is at the Town Hall, High-street, John Anderson, superintendent. Berwick Subscription Libeary, situated in Bridge-street, was established in 1811, and contains about 6,000 volumes. It is supported by 100 sub- scribers, who contribute one guinea each per antium, and is open daily (Sundays excepted), from 12 noon to 4 p.m. W. H. Logan, Esq., honorary secretarj^; Patrick Clay, Esq., treasurer; Captain Smith, E.N., chairman of committee ; and Mr. Richard Woolley, librarian. There is also a Sub- scription Reading and Billiard Room and Bowling Green, at the Palace Green. Robert B. Weatherhead, honorary secretaiy ; and Andrew Mallon, honorary treasurer. The Town Hall is a very handsome modern structure of freestone, situated in the area at the foot of High-street, and consists of three stories, with a neat portico of the Tuscan order, whose pediment is surmounted by a graceful tower and spire, in which may be seen the Tuscan, Doric, and Ionic orders of architecture. This tower was commenced in 1754, and finished in 1761 ; it contains a clock and some excellent bells, , The ground floor serves as a market for poultry, eggs, and butter. The edifice contains the usual municipal offices, and is in every way adapted for the purposes for which it was erected. The Berwick-upon-Tweed Poor Law Union comprehends 19 parishes and townships embracing an area Of 57,975 acres, and a population, in 1851, of 24,093 souls. The townships and parishes are Ancroft, Berwick, CornhiU, Duddo, Felkingtoti, Grindon, Holy Island, Hornchffe, Kyloe, Loan End, Longridge, Norham, Norham Mains, Ord, Shoreswood, Spittal, Thornton, Tweedmouth, and Twizell. The Berwick-upon-Tweed Union Workhouse occupies a healthy situation in Castlegate, and was formerly used as a sacking manufactory, but it has been altered and enlarged by the Poor Law Commissioners, at an expense of £1,000, • There is a School attached to the Workhouse for the education of the pauper children. James B. Atkinson, governor; John Moor, assistant governor ; Jane Purdie, matron ; Alexander Kirkwood, surgeon ; William and Isabella Nesbit, teachers. York, Newcastle, and Berwick Railway Station, Tweedmouth, John Paterson, agent. North British Railway Station, head of Castlegate, Peter McMillan, agent. 9G3 titstoRY 01?^ Sanson Skal House is a good stone mansion, situated about two and a half miles north-west of Berwick, upon an eminence, wliicli comlnands a beautiful view of the surrounding country, and is the residence of Mrs. Mar}* Forster. Castle Vale Cottage is a very handsome stone edifice, on the banks of the Tweed, and is occupied by iVlexander R. Lowrey, Esq. ; these last two or three years soaie first-rate houses have been built in and near Berwick. Bridges. — Bery/tck Bridge is a spacious and elegant structure of fine hewn stone, 1,164 feet in length, and 17 in breadth. It has fifteen arches, and was considered, for a long time, to be one of the finest bridges in the kingdom. It was commenced in the sixth year of the reign of James I., and finished on the 23rd of October, 1634, having occupied in building upwards of twenty-four years. Parliament granted the sum of £14,960 Is. 6d. towards the cost of its erection. The sixth pillar separates Berwick from the county of Northumberland. A century ago, the battlements at the outlets to the pillars were always covered with sods, as a guide to constables and others in the execution of vrarrants for the apprehension of delinquents. Speaking of this structure, Sir T. Dick Lauder says " and what an interesting old relic it is, with its inconveniences in regard to modern traffic, well designed for defence in the days when they were constructed ! We can never walk along, nor hang over its parapet, without peopling it with the steel clad horsemen and buff-jerkined pikemen, who were the figures who crowded it during its youth. How whimsical it is to think of the astonishment of these men, if they could be brought to life ! — aye, or perhaps m.ore wonderful if we could bring to life men who died fifteen or twenty years ago, in order that they might have a peep at the ' new Railway Bridge, w^hicli architects are now hanging in the air, half-w^ay between the Tweed and the clouds I But let us suppose the more ancient groups to be congregated on the old bridge, looking upward at the new one, and that a locomotive came suddenly along, to all appearance belching forth fire and smoke, snorting and hissing as it rolls along like a peal of thunder, with a train of some twenty carriages at its back, and we are disposed to think that they would be inclined to imagine that heaven and hell had changed positions." The Railway Viaduct, or Royal Border Bridge, was opened on the 29th of August, 1850. This structure, which was inaugurated under the patronage of royalty, is the property of the York, Newcastle, and Bervv-ick Railway Company, and is used exclusively for railway traffic. It is one of the 110 bridges, in that company's line, extending from this town to Newcastle, was erected under contract by Messrs. McKay and Blackstock, for the sum of £184,143, under the personal superintendence of Mr. G. B. Bruce, C.E., whose wife laid the foundation stone on the 15th May, 1847, and keyed the last arch in March, 1850. The first train passed along it in the following August. The viaduct consists of twenty-eight semi-circular arches, each of 61 feet 6 inches span, springing from loft}^ piers, 8 feet 6 inches broad at the narrowest part. One half of the arches span the river, here a broad and beautiful stream, and the remainder are built on the neighbouring land south BEPaVICK-UPOX-TWEED. 903 of the Tweed. The total length of the bridge is 2, ICO feet; its greatest height from the bed of the river 126 feet 6 inches, including the parapet; and its breadth between the parapets 24 feet, allowing a double line of railway to be laid. The viaduct is built entirely of stone, with the exception of the inner part of the arches. There are about one million and a quarter cubic feet of masonry in the structure, and two millions and a half of bricks have been placed in the arches. The greatest depth of the water at high tide is 23 feet. The design of the bridge is elegant, and the parapets are adorned on the out- side by miniature corbelled arches. One half of the viaduct, that which spans the river, is a straight line, the other half curves to the east, with a radius of half a mile towards to the south-side. The piers of the bridge, which are protected by handsome cutwaters, are carried up perpendicularly, and are narrowed near the spring of the arch by means of off-sets. The parapets and springs of the arches are of polished stone, but the rest of the masonry is only rough hewn. The appearance of the arches is extremely graceful. The stone for the viaduct was, for the most part, conveyed from the different quarries along the line in the county of Northumberland, at a distance of from fifteen to twenty miles from Berwick, and one reason why the bridge was not finished earlier was, that as the neighbourhood does not supply stone in sufficient quantities, or of the requisite quality, the erection of the bridge could not be commenced until the completion of the main line, so as to enable the stone to be brought from the south. The Tweed viaduct is perhaps the largest stone viaduct in the kingdom. Some similar structures may be longer, but less in height, and others may be higher, but they are not of such length. The bridge is secured at each end by substantial abutments. The foundations of the permanent viaduct were of a very expensive and difficult character. In the execution of the coffer-dams, Nasmyth's patent steam piling engine was used with great success. Two of these were at work night and day, as well as an engine of fifty-horse power, for pumping the water out of the dams. Piles have been extensively used for securing a stable foundation, the ground being principally loose sand or gravel, but it is satisfactory to state, that there has not been the shghtest shrinking at any point. No less than two years were spent in driving piles and laying the under masonry. The large embank- ment at the south end of the bridge is five-eights of a mile in length, and in some places sixty feet high. It connects the Tweedmouth with the Berwick Station, making a total distance of one mile, and contains upwards of 700,000 cubic yards of earth-work. The contractor, at one time, employed upwards of 2,000 men in the various departments of the undertaking. The construction of this immense work formed a busy and a stiiking scene, full of interest and animation. Large groups of masons and labourers were always engaged in different operations, with innumerable carts, wheelbarrows, and other varieties of mechanical appliances. The huge forests of scaffolding raised to an immense height, were impressive from their variety and con- struction. But notwithstanding the magnitude of the undertaking, and the difficulties of the erection, the accidents, we are happy to say, were fewer than might have -been anticipated. The engineers-in-chief of this great 3 N 3 964 HTSTOEY OF work were Robert Stepbenson, Esq., M. P., aud T. E. Harrison, Esq.; Mr Bruce as resident engineer, superintended the construction of the works from the commencement. The contractors were Messrs. McKay and Blackstosk, of Cumberland. The following are the number of workmen and their wages employed on the old and new bridges. The contrast is striking, and may not be deemed uninteresting. Old Bridge. New Bridge. Workmen ....... 300 2,000 Master Masons (per day) . . Is. 3d. 5s. Masons Is. 4d. 4s. to 5s. Master Carpenters .... Is. 8d. 4s. Gd. to 5s. Smiths ......*.. 8d. to Is 3s. 6d. to 4s. 6d. Labourers ....... 4d. to 7d 3s. to 4s. Ditto, per tide 2d. .3s. to 4s. Ship ^Yrigllts, Sawyers &Boatwrights 8d. to 2s.6d . 2s. 6d.to4s, 6d. Teade and Commerce.— Berwick was distinguished for its shipping at a very early period, and under the fostering care of the Scottish monarehs, it possessed, in 1156, more commerce than any other port of Scotland ; indeed the foreign trade of that kingdom was entirely in the hands of the merchants of Berwick, and in 1210, king John of England, having erected a fort at Tweedmouth, which proved very annoying to the shipping in the river, it was destroyed by William of Scotland. In Berwick, a factorj^ was erected by some Flemish merchants, whose bravery in defence of their hall has been already noticed. Dining the reign of Alexander III., the trade of this town seems to have attained its greatest prosperity, and it was said to be, by the chroniclers of the time, a second Alexandria. In 1333, Edward III., having become master of Berwick, was anxious to repair the damage which it had sustained, and for this purpose, invited merchants to make it their place of residence, but its trade was shortly afterwards interfered with by the English parliament, and suffered a considerable dimiuution. It revived again in 1899, when it was allowed to monopolise the exportation of all wool produced north- of the river Coquet. After this nothing of importance is recorded with regard to the trade of Berwick. That it still continued a port of some consequence during the last war, the number of smacks that were employed in the coasting trade sufficiently testify. The swift sailing qualities of these vessels, and their strong build, were admirably calculated to voyage through the heavy seas between Berwick and London. Fuller, who wrote at the end of the last century, informs us that " the coasting trade of this port has been increasing for the last twenty years, and is now of considerable extent, the principal part of which results from its famous salmon fisheries of the^river Tweed, and the surplus produce of the neighbouring country, since the great improvement and increase of cultiva- tion.- There is a very extensive and regular coasting trade now carried on betVv^een this port and London." This is indeed a thing that was. Scarcely any shipping comes now to Berwick, and the quiet, almost hstless aspect of BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. 965 the old town, and its. inhabitants, to one who has just been observing the feverish and ahnost preternatural activity of Newcastle, is quite remarkable. There are no docks here, and with the single exception of an iron foundry, there is not a manufacturing establishment that deserves the name wdthin many miles of Berwick. But it cannot be expected to remain much longer as it is, now that it is the centre of considerable railway traffic, and few towns possess more local advantages for manufactures. Since June, 1848, Berwick has been an English port, whose limits commence at St. Abb's Head, being the southern extremity of the port of Leith, and continue along the coast of the counties of Berwickshire, and Northumberland, to the south of the Aln water, being the northern extremity of the port of Shields in the latter county, and includes the Fern Island, as also three of the lesser islands. There is a stone pier, half a mile in length, and terminated by a lighthouse,- on the projecting rocks, at the north entrance to the Tweed. The Tweed salmon fisheries constitute the most important source of the trade of Berwick, and give employment to great numbers of the inhabitants. Salmon are caught in great numbers in the Tweed, and sent packed in ice to London. They were formerly sent by sea, but with the facilities now offered by railway communication, a few hours v,'ill suffice to convey the fish to the metropolis. There is a considerable fishery of white fish and lobsters off the coast. Since the introduction of ice in preserving salmon, the price has considerably increased, and should the future fishing seasons decline as much as they have done for some time past, it is to be feared, that the salmon will become all but extinct in the river and hsij of Berwick. For a description of the river Tweed, see History of Northumberland, page 140. CoEPOEATioN, Government, &c.— Berwick is a borough of great antiquity, and in the enjoyment of peculiar privileges. The corporation which had previously existed by prescription, was, when the town became the confirmed property of the English crown, established by royal charter, and in the reign of Henry VIII., the borough was summoned to send two members to parlia- ment. The charter granted to the corporation, by James I., soon after his accession to the English throne, confirms to them all their ancient prescriptive franchises and privileges. Under this charter the burgesses claim various immunities, and exemptions, as well as very large territorial domains, over which they exercise the manorial rights. The total annual value of the corpora- tion property is £10,000 per annum, independent of which the corporation is in possession of several charity properties. Of this sum, £600 is annually divided among the resident burgesses and burgesses' widows, whether poor or rich, and of whatever rank of life, according to their seniority; very few, even of the youngest, being excluded. Fuller tells us that "since its conquest by the English, Berwick has been governed by its own laws, except in one or two instances, such as the mode of passing a fine of lands within the borough and liberties thereof, which is peculiar to itself. It has a mayor, and four bailiffs and sheriffs, with a court of aldermen. The judges of the borough are the mayor, bailiffs, and a jury of twelve men. The mayor, recorder, and justices have, by their charter, power to hold general and 966 - - HISTORY OF quarter sessions of the peace for the trial of petty felonies, misdemeanours, &c. They have the power of holding a general gaol delivery for the trial of capital felonies. The sessions or court delivery, cannot be held without the mayor and recorder, who, when elected into office, continue justices of the peace for life within the borough. Gentlemen who have served the office of mayor, are also denominated aldermen. The Guild is composed of the mayor, justices, and aldermen for the year, four bailiff's, and the rest of the Guild brethren. Every question in Guild with regard to the interests of the borough is decided by the majority of the burgesses." For many years no private guilds have been held, committees now are appointed to carry the orders of the guild into effect. The mayor has power to call a guild, and must do so upon the requisition of twelve burgesses. By the passing of the Municipal Act of 1835, the office of sheriff was transferred from the mayor and bailiff's, to a suitable person, to be appointed sheriff by the council, and from that period may be dated the abolition of bailiff's of Berwick-upon-Tweed. - By King James's charter, the mayor, &c., had power " to try all off'ences com- mitted in the borough and liberties, and to pass into execution sentence of death and other punishments." By the 5tli and 6th Vic, c. 38, this power was taken away, and persons guilty of capital off'ences, punishable by death or transportation for life, must now be tried at the Northumberland assizes. A commission of the peace, and a court of quarter sessions have been granted. Petty sessions for the borough are held in the New Jail, Wallace's Green, Berwick has returned two members to parliament since the reign of Philip and Mary, and has always been what is called an open borough. The right of election was vested in all the burgesses, whether resident or not, in number about 1,000, Under the Pte form Act, the parish of Berwick, and the town- ships of Tweedmouth and Spittal, form one parliamentary borough, whose population in 1851, was 15,094 souls. For municipal purposes, Berwick has been divided into three wards, to each of which six councillors are appointed. BOROUGH OF BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. MEMBERS OF PAELIAMENT. D. C. Majokibanks, Esq., and John Porster, Esq. CORPORA.TION IN 1854-5. Robert Ramsey, Mayor. Thomas Bogue, Sheriff Robert Ingeam, Recorder Alexander R. Loweey, Treasurer James Call Weddell, Under Sheriff Robert Home, Town Clerk RoBBRX H. Weatheeheab^ Coroner BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. 967 ALDEKMEN. Thomas Bogiie Alexander Christison Patrick Clay John Cunningham Samuel Forsyth Edgar William Smith Thomas Douglas John Duncan Joseph Fleming Yvilliam Gibson' Charles Lambert Gilchrist James Grey COUNCILLOES. GecTrge Henderson John Morton William Pattison William Paxton Ninian Sanderson Colville Smith Andrew Thompson John Wilson Joseph Wilson George Winlaw John Young Superintendent of Pohce, John Anderson and James Craik ; Jailer, WilHam Whinna. Sergeants at Mace, G. Pearson Luggat, MAGISTEATES. Marked * are for Islandshire. Robert Eamsey, Esq. Mayor Thomas Bogue, Esq. * Thomas Hodgson, Esq. * George Kerr Nicholson, Esq. * Henry Knight Gregson, Esq. William Smith, Esq. John Pratt, Esq. George Gilchrist, Esq. 'George Johnson, M.D. Msssrs. WiUiam and Edward Willoughby, clerks. BERWICK, TWEEDMOUTH, AND SPITTAL DIRECTORY. Post Office, Hide Hill, Berwick, William Gibson, postmaster. 1st north delivery, 7-30 a.m. ; 1st north despatch, 9-20 a.m. 2nd ditto, 3 80 p.m.; 2nd ditto, 7-30 p m. 1st south deliveij, 7-80 a.m. ; 1st south despatch, 2-30 p.m. 2nd ditto, 11-0 a.m. ; 2nd ditto, 7-35 p.m. Money orders granted and paid from 9 a.m. to C p.m. Anderson Mrs. Mary, Avenue Miscellany. Adley John, Esq. collector of H.M. Customs, Quay Walls Addison Ealph, mrkt gardenr,Tweedmouth Ainslie Miss Christiana, Bridge-street Alder Thomas, agent, College-place Allan Mrs. Agnes, Castle-hill Allan John and Co. sack manufacturers, Wallace's Green Allan Thomas, timber and slate merchant (Allan Brothers); ho. Bridge-end AlUson Thomas, parish clerk. The Walls Anderson John, superintendent of police and inspector of nuisances, Towa Hall Anderson Mr. John, Castlegate Askew the Misses, Castle-hills Atkinson Emma, music teacher, music and musical instrument seller. High-street Atkinson James B., registrar of births, deaths, and marriages, and relieving officer, Scott's row Atkinson Thomas, cooper, Tweed -street Atkinson Thos. flour dealer, Western-lane Aitchison Miss Margaret, Wellclose-square Back Geo. mason, High-st ; ho. Church-st Back John, mason, Western-lane B aimer Mrs. Jane, Palace-street Barker Thomas, agent. Church-street Best Wilham, fruiterer, High street 968 BERWICK- UPON-TWEED DIRECTORY. Binning John, schoolmaster, Tweed street Blain Jas. H. Esq. coroptroller of H. M. Customs, Meadow House BoUam Elizabeth, lodgings, Palace-sireet Bonner Mrs. Jane, Tweedmouth Britain Captiiin George S., royal navy, Eavensdowne Brodie Miss Elizabeth, Wool Market Brown Mrs. Ehzabeth, Palace-sti^eet Brown John, locker in H. M. Customs, Ptavensdowne Brown Arthur, marine store dealer, Tweed- mouth Brown Kev. David, reading master, Corpo- ration School, Tweed-street Brown Geo. tax collector and house agent. Palace Green . Brown Joseph, architects builder, Eavens- downe Bryson John, builder, Spittal Buglass Thomas, cooper, Tweedmouth Buchanan Thomas, carver and gilder and printseller, Hide Hill Butement Miss Sarah, Parade Cahill David, E.S., surgeon, Parade Carr & Co. shipowners, timber, guano and general merchants, firebrick and draining tile manufacturers. Palace Green Cairns Mr. David, Coxon's-lane Cairns Eev. John (Presbyterian), Welling- ton-terrace Calder Mr. Henry, College-place Chape Mrs. Catherine, Castlegate Chapman Thos. nailmaker, Chm-ch-street Chrisp Hugh, letter carrier (and post office receiving box), Tweedmouth Clarke Ehzabeth, lodgings, Wellclose-sq Clarke Mr. H. G. C, Bank Hill Clay Patrick, Esq. New water Haugh Clay John, merchant (John Clay &Son); ho. Xewwater Haugh Clay Miss Sarah, Castle-terrace Clunie Miss Wilhelmiua, Eavensdowne Cockburn Thomas, wine and spirit mer- chant (T. Cockburn & Son); ho. Eavens- downe Cockburn William, clerk, Eastern -lane Cowe William, grocer and tea dealer, Szo. High -street Cowe Robert, market gardener. Bull Close Craik Nicholas, stonemason, Tweeilmouth Crow Mary Ann, lodgings, Spittal Cunningham Mr. John, Eavensdowne CuiTie John, bailiff to the county court, Hide Hill Cuthbertson Margaret, joiner, &c. (Cuth- bertson & Co.) ; lio, Tweedmouth Dalton George W., solicitor, &c. Silver-st. ; ho. Palace Dalziel Robert, coach and harness maker, Palace-street Darling Adam, merchant. Quay Walls Darling Mrs., Eavensdowne Davison JMrs. Helen, Eavensdowne Davison Thoma^:, chemist and druggist, (Davidson and Gibb); ho. High-street Denoven Mrs. Ehzabeth, Wellhouse, Spittal Dewar Mrs. Agnes, Bridge-street Dewar Alex, school-master, Tweedmouth Dewar Mrs. Isabella, Wool Market Dickson Miss Charlotte, Eavensdowne Dickson Mrs. Dorothy, Eavensdowne Dickson Mrs. Elizabeth, AVellington terrace Dixon Elizabeth, lodgings, Spittal Dodds Catherine, commercial boarding house, High-street Dodds Ealx^h, tea and coffee merchant, High-st. ; ho. St. Mai'y's Villa Dods George, cabinet maker and uphol- sterer,Foul Ford ; ho.UpperEavensdowne Douglas Thomas, managing partner, (Bor- der Brewery Company) Tweedmouth Douglass Eichard, fisherman, Spittal Easton Isabella, lodgings. Palace-street Edminson Joseph C. fish curer, (Jackson and Edminson) ho. Spittal Edmondson Mrs. Eavensdowne Elhot John, chemist and druggist, oil and colourman, and manufacturer of soda water, lemonade, and ginger beer, Hide-hill Elliott Mrs. Elizabeth, Eavensdowne Elliott Edward, coal and quarry owner, d'c. (Scott and Elliott) ; ho. Eavensdowne Elliott Miss Jane, Castlegate Elliott Wm. Major, Eavensdowne Elliott William, stone-mason, Tweedmouth Ellison ]\Ir. William, Wellclose-square Emery James, marine store, earthenware and coal dealer. Chapel-street Etal Mills Flour Stoee, Chm'ch-street ; James Small, manager Evans John D. painter and paper hanger, Wool Market Evans James, Cooper Quay; ho. Ness-st Evans Jordan, H.M. Customs, Ness-street Ewart Mr. John, Palace-street Fairbairn Hector, mason. Eastern-lane Fenton Wm. clerk, Tweedmouth Fenton Miss Elizabeth, Palace-green Fife Mr. James, Castlegate Fish Mr. Samuel, Eavensdowne Ford Alexander, flour store, Tweedmouth Ford Jane, fruiterer, Western-lane BEE\VICK-UPON-T\\'EED DIEECTOEY- 969 Forster Mrs. Mary^ Palace street Foi'ster Mrs. Sarali Mary, Sanson Seal House Fryar George, stoBe-mason, Tweedmontli Gelcler Eol>ert, lodgings, Spittal Gibb Thomas, chemist and druggist, (Davison and Gibb); ho. High-street Gilchrist George, Esq. Eavensdowue Gilchi'ist George, painter and paper hanger, Bridge-street Gilchrist Miss Isabella, Eavensdowne Gilchrist Mrs. Margaret, Church-street Gladstone Eobert, tidewaiter, Eavensdowne Good Eobert C. E. photographist, Charter- house court, Church-street Good Mr. Thomas S. Quay Walls Gowan Arthur B. & Son, shipbuilders. Quay Gowan Arthur B. ship builder, &c. (A. B. Gowan & Son) ; ho. Palace-street Gowan The Misses, Palace-street Gray Mrs. Jane, Scot's-row Grey -Tames, managing partner, Border Brewery, Silver-street Grey Mrs. Jane, Tweedmouth Gregg John, letter carrier, Coxon's-lane Guthrie Mr. Alexander, Eavensdowne Hall ]Miss Jane, Castlegate Hall Miss Mary Ann, Eavensdowne Hamilton Eev, George Hans, M.A. vicar, Wellington-terrace Henderson George, merchant, &g. (G. Henderson & Son) ; ho. Bridge-end Flenderson John, merchant, &c. (G.Hen- derson & Son) ; ho. Bridge- end Heron Mrs. Jane, Tweedmouth Hogarth Miss Catherine, Quay-walls Holder Thomas, clerk, College-place Hood George, surveyor, Tweedmouth HorncastleJno.E.revenueofficer,Quay-AYalls Hubback Thomas, guano importer, ship- owner, and merchant (Thomas & Joseph Hubback) ; ho. Sandgate and Sunlaw- hill, Eoxburghshire Hume Walter, letter carrier. High -street Humble The Misses, Eavensdowne Inues James H. merchant (Nicholson and Innes); ho. Bridge-end Jackson William, fish curer (Jackson and Edminson ) ; ho. Spittal Jefferys George, captain, Hide-hilL Jeffery Miss Jane, Hide-hill Johnson Eobert & Co. colliery owners and hme burners. Palace-green Johnston Miss Helen, Palace-green Kellack Mrs. Sarah, Church-street Kirkwood Alexander, surgeon, Sandgate Kirton James, schoolmaster, Spittal Kirkwood Eev. Alex. (Baptist) Walker- gate -lane Knowles Miss Jane, Castlegate Knox Mr. Archibald, Church-street Laing Miss Alice, Tweedmouth Laing Mrs. Mary, Quay-Avalls Lamb William, whiting manufacturer, Hatter's-lane Lambert Mr. Peter, Hide hill Lambert Mr.Vinoent. Moor-side, Tweedmth. Landles Mr. John, Scot's-row Laye Captain Frank, barrack master, Eavensdowne Leach Eev. John, perpetual curate of Tweedmouth Lilly Thomas, fisherman, Tvreedmouth Lister Michael, schoolmaster,Church-street Lockwell Mary Ann, lodgings. Palace-green Logan WilliamH.manager of the Northum- berland and Durham District Bank and Insurance Agent, Br-idge-street Lough Francis, carpenter, joiner, &c. College-place Macaskie James, reporter, 4, Scott's row Lowrey Alexander Eobinson, treasurer to the corporation, and land agent, Church- street ; ho. Castle Vale Cottage Mace Benj. rope and twine manufacturer, Bowling Green Eopery, Eavensdowne Macbeth David, merchant & agent to Tru- man, Planbury & Co. London, Sally Port, Bridge-street Macbeth Mrs. Helen, Quay-walls McGallMr. William, Castlegate Maclagan Philip, physician. Wool Market Mallack Andrew, manager of the Union Bank, and insurance agent, Hide-hill Mathison Eobert, cooper. High street Marshall George, solicitor (Marshall and Sanderson) ; ho. Sandgate McDermott Eev. Anthony, (Catholic) Eavensdowne McMiller Alex, general dealer, Walker- gate-lane Millar Eev. J. A. (Presbyterian)Tweedmouth Middlemiss James, gardener. High street Meggison John M. accountant and insur- ance agent, Eavendsowne Meikle Eobert, clerk in H.M. Customs, Hide-hill Menzies Hannah, lodgings, Quay-walls Menzies Henry, vict. Travellers' Bestf Tweedmouth Miller and Wilkey, sack manufacturers, High-street Melrose Mr. Alexander, Quay-walls Moor WiUiam, skinner, Tweedmouth 9 TO BERWICK-UPON-TNYEED DIEECTORY. Moore Mrs. Gary, Tweed-street Mordock Rev, Alexaader, (Presbyterian) Hide-hill Morrison Eev. Geo.C, M. A. (Independent) Castlegate Morrison Mr. John, College-place Mossman' John & Eobert, carpet manufac- turers and dyers, Castlegate Nelson Elizb. stay maker, Golden-square Newcombe John, inspector of weights and measures, Eavensdowne Nicholson George K. (Nicholson and Innes) ; ho.Loan-nnd Oswald Eobt. corn merchant, Eastern-lane Ovens Colonel Charles, Tweedmouth Paterson James, manager and secretary to the Gas Company ; ho. Hide-hill Paterson John, agent, Eailway Station, Tweedmouth Patterson Mrs. Ann, Wool Market Patterson Miss Isabella, Wool Market Patterson Manners, rope and sail maker (Patterson & Co.) ; ho. Quay-walls Patterson Prudence, lodgings, Spittal Patterson William, slater and plasterer, Castlegate Paxton Edward, draper, &c. (C. and W. Paxton) ; ho. Palace Avenue Paxton Mr. John, Scot's-row Paxton Mrs. Margaret, Wellclose-square Paxton Wilham, drapei% &c. (E. and W. Paxton) ; ho. Castle-terrace Paulin William, agent to the Berwick Shipping Company, Quay -walls Pearson Mrs. Esther, High-street Peden Eev. John, (Presbyterian )Church-st Pilraour Mr. James, Castlegate Pratt John, Esq. Avenue Pratt John E. solicitor, &c. Bowling-green Palace ; ho. Eavensdowne Paulin Miss Margaret, Scot's-row Procter Eev. Thomas, B.A. curate of Ber- wick, Eavensdowne Purves Mrs. Ann, Castlegate Purvis Thomas, shopkeeper, Tweedmouth Eadcliff Mrs. Mary, Wool IMarket Eamsey Eobert, sen. iron founder, &c, (E. Eamsey &Son) : ho. Tweedmouth Eamsey Eobert, jun. iron founder, &c. (E. Eamsey & Son) ; ho. Tweedmouth Eenton John, joiner, &c. (Cuthbertson & Co.); ho. Tweedmouth Eenwiek Mr. Eobert, Coxon's-lane Eichardson Mrs. Eleanor, Wellclose-square Eedpath Mrs. Jane, lodgings, Wool Market Eichardson Nichol, wood turner, Castlegate Eennison William, tide waiter, Western-In Eiddle Andrew, millwright, &c. (S. Eiddle and Sons) ; ho. Tweedmouth Eiddle Peter, millwright, &:c. (S. Eiddle and Sons) ; ho. Tweedmouth Eitchie Eev. William, (Presbyterian) Eavensdowne Eobertson Alexander, ironfounder and shipowner (J. & A. Eobertson & Co.) ; ho. Tweedmouth Eobertson Mrs. Margaret, Tweedmouth Eobson Mr. Charles, Castlegate Eodgers Eev. Edward B. (Presbyterian,) Tweedmouth Eolaud Mr. Walter, Tweed-street ' Euddock Joseph AY. cattle dealer, Tweed' Cottage Eussell James, mason, Eavensdowne Eutherford John, inspector of North British Eailway, Tweed-street Eutherford Miss Margaret, Eavensdowne Sampson iMrs. Grace, College-place Sanderson Mrs. Isabella, Sandgate Sanderson Stephen, solicitor (Marshall & Sanderson) ; ho. Castle-hills SansmarezCaptainPhilipD., R.N. inspector of the Coast-guard, Palace Scott Miss Nancy, lodgings, Scott's-row Scott James, mill and enginewright, Tv/eedmouth Shanks Mrs. Ehzabeth, Parade Simpson Mr. George N. Eavensdowne Simpson Miss Jane, Eavensdowne Sinclair James, ship, insurance, & general commission "agent. Bridge-street Skelly Miss Isabella, Cottage hill ; Slight Alexander, schoolmaster, Green- side-place ' Smart H. clog and lastmaker,Tweedmouth Smith James, fisherman, Meadow Haven Smith Mr. Eichard, Tweed-street Smith William, Captain, E.N. Ava Lodge Spours Mrs. Sarah, Eavensdowne Stead William H. engineering surveyor, Church-street Steel A. & N. tea merchants, Wool Market Steven Somerville, wire worker, Western-In Storar David, mason, Spittal \ Storar John, mason and stone merchant, Spittal Tait Mr. George, Palace-green Tait Jesse, lodgings. Palace-green Tait John, flour dealer. Western-lane Taylor Wm. manager of gas woi*ks, Spittal 1 Tennant AVm.pipe mannfactr.Tweedmouthi Thompson Mrs. Catherine, Church-street Thompson John, collector of poor rates, Castlegate BERV^-ICK-UPOX-TWEED CLASSIFIED DIEECTOEY. 971 Thompson Miss Grace, Eavensdovrns Thompson Kobert, draper, etc. (T. and E. ^honipson) ; bo. Eavecsdowne Hhcmpson Thomas, collector of harbour dues. Bank-hill Todd Eobt. professor of dancing,Church-st Trainer Simon, fruiterer and seedsman, High -street TurnbuU Mrs. Alice, Quay-walls Turnbull jliss Frances, Palace-street TurnbuU Miss Isabella, Palace-street Totherick Bev. Eobert,( Wesley an) Walker-. gate-lane Turner Miss Catherine, Palace-street Turner Miss Jane, Castlegate Wait Mrs. Jane, Bank hUl . Walker The Misses, Palace-street Walker Myers, superintendent of excise, St. Mary's-place Wallace Samuel, gunmaker. Wool Market Watson Ealph, lodgings, Spittal Weatherston "WilHam, slater and plasterer (Thomas Weatherston and Son) ; ho. Wool Market Westle George, vict. and plaster and slate]', Crown and Thistle Inn, Walkergate-lane Whilhs, Eichard, town crier. Parade Whinna William, governor of the Xew Jail, Wallace's-green Whitehouse Eev. WilHam, Spittal Weight John, writing master, Corporation School, Palace Willis Eobert, tallow chandler. High-street Willoughby Edwd. sohcitor, &c. (W. and E. Willoughby) ; ho. Eavensdowne Wilson Mr. John, Tweed House Willoughby Wm. solicitor, &c. (W. and E. Willoughby); ho. Eavensdowne Wilson James, artist, Peer House Wilson James, Spring-hill, Tweedmouth Wilson Jolm, inspector of corn returns and stamp ofSce, Ride-hill "Wilson John, iron merchant, &e. (W, Y>'il- sou & Son) ; ho. Bay-view Wilson Joseph, ironfounder and shipowner (J. and A. Eobertson and Co.) ; ho. Tweedmouth Wilson Yv^illiam, sculptor and ornamental stone worker, Tweedmouth Wood Mrs. Jemima, Castlegate Woolley Eichard, librarian to the Berwick Subscription Libiary, Spittal Young John, grocer and tea dealer, and tallow chandler. High-street Young Eobert, organist of parish church, professor of music, music seller, dealer in piano fortes, and piano forte tuner, Eastern-lane Y^oung William 5 malster, Eavensdowne BERWICK, TWEEDMOUTH, AND SPITTAL CLASSIFIED DIEECTOEY. Academies and Schools ; Burn Mrs. Agnes, day and boarding. Palace Green Chaeiiy School, Eavens- downe, Michael Lister, piaster Catholic School, Church- st. James Kelly, master Church School, Tweed- mouth, Thomas Bonner, master CoRPOEATiON Schools, Bank Hill I Forrest Ann & Margaret, Church-street Gardener Misses Mary and Jane, High-street Grammar School, High-st Hope Tbomasj Castlegate Horne James, Church-street Husband John, Parade Infant School, CoUege-pl. Anne Sunton, mistress Sampson Misses Octavia & Grace, College-place School of Industry, Palace Green, Jane Patterson, mistress Thompson Eobt. Church-st. ; ho. High-street Totherick Emma, Walker- gate-lane Wood Thomas, Tweedmouth Agents (Commission) Paulin William, Quay Young William, Quay 3 Auctioneers and Appraisers Eeveridge John, Sandgatc Fisackerly Samuel, Castlegate Gibson Jas. Eastern-ln.; ho. Walkergate-lane Purves James D. Hide-hill Eobertson John, Silver-st Bakers & Flour Dealers Brown Agnes, Sandgate Brown Andrew, Tweed- mouth Brown James, Church-street Bell William, High-sti'eet Bruce Alexander, Spittal Carr William, Castlegate Cleghorn James, Castlegate Crosby John, Church-street 975 BEEWICK-UPON-TWEED Crosby William, Church-st Davidson George. Greens Darling Alexander, High-st Derrj Kobert, Castlegate Gibson George, Tweedmouth Gibson John, Chapel- street Graham Elizab. Tweedmouth Grahame Thomas, Western- lane Hattle Elizabeth, Castlegate Leshe John, Tweedmouth Lockwell Thomas, Bridge-st Miller Adam, Wool IMarhet Moor Arthur, High- street Morton Andrew, Spittal Scott George, Spittal Smith Thos, Wallace's -green Thompson James, High-st Winter John, Eastern-lane Bankers Union Bank, Newcastle | Branch Hide Hill, Andw. I Mallock, manager I NOETHUMBEELAND & DuE- | HAM DiSTEICT BANKING Company, Bridge-street, Wm. H. Logan, manager Savings' Bank, Quay Walls, open on Mondays from 6-30 p.m. till 8 p.m. Wm. Paulin, secretary Basket Makers Archbald Geo. Tweedmouth Brand George, Church-st Burnett Thomas, High-st Eamsay Jas. Wool Market Boat Builders Lee George, Tweedmouth Wood George, Tweedmouth; ho. Church- street Bookbinders Henderson John, Sandgate j Lauder George, Golden-sq Booksellers & Stationers Marked. * are also Printers. Henderson Alexander, West- ern-lane * Macaskie George, 57, High- street * Melrose Thomas, High-st * Rennison John, Bridge-st Bennison Margaret, High-st Wilson John, Hide-hill Boot and Shoemakers Carr William, Bridge-st Downes Robert, Wallace's- green Duncan John, Tweedmouth Eish John & Saml. High-st Hamilton Hugh, Western-In Handyside George,wholesale, Wool Market; ho. Quay Walls Meikle Alexander, Hide-hill Rankin Robert, Hide-hill Richardson John, Bridge-st Tait Alexander, Hide-hill Watson Wm. Tweedmouth Wilson Peter, High-street Brewers BOEDEE BeEWEEY COMPANY, Silver-st. (fc-at Tweedmouth Tweed Beeweey Coiipany, Palace-green Brick & Tile Manufacturers Carr & Co. Palace-green Laundreth Wm. Under Cock Law Scott & Elhott, Tweedmouth Tile Works Butchers Beveridge Geo. Twefedmouth Boswell Alex. Western-lane Bruce George, Spittal Darling Thos. Wool Market Dixon William, Spittal Dodds George, Castlegate Edminson Robert, Spittal Humble Henr}', High-sti^eet; ho. Church-street Lockwell ^Villiam, Walker- gate-lane j Mather Mark, Bridge-street j Morton John, Higli-street | Pringle Vincent, High-street Ross James, Spittal Ross WilHam, Hide-hill Rutherford "Thos. near the Red Lion, High-street Rutherford Thos. High-st.; ho. Church-street Shanks John, Tweedmouth Simpson Thos. Wool Market Skelly George. Western-lane Skelly George, Tweedmouth Skelly John, High-street Smith Alexander, High-st Smith James, High-street Wilson William, Castlegate Wood Robert, High-street Towerson Robt.Tweedmouth Cabinet Makers Allison Wm. Tweedmouth Bowhill John, High-street Clark James, & upholsterer, Sandgate Dickinson Joseph, Castlegate Dods George, & upholsterer, Eoul Ford ; ho. Upper Ravensdowne Fair WilHam, Hide-hill Eraser James, Parade Hume Joseph, Western-lane Lough Francis, Tweedmouth Manners Wm. Hide-hill ; ho. Wool IMarket Purves Jas. & upholsterer, Hide-hill Wood Robert, & turner, 18, Western-lane Carpenters, Joiners, and Undertakers Brown George, Tweedmouth Burn John, Spittal Cuthbeilson & Co. Tweed- mouth Eisackerly Saml. Castlegate Eraser James, Parade Gibson Jas. Eastern-lane; ho. Walkergate-lane Henderson Wm. Church-st Huntley James, Church-road, Tweedmouth Johnston Thos. Castlegate Logan George, High-street, Tweedmouth Lough Francis, College -pi ace Pearson Wm. Tweedmouth Eenton Alexander, Union Hall Robertson John, Eastern- lane Robison George, Palace-st Strother Thomas, Bridge-st Thompson Ralph, Castlegate Cartwrights Huntley James, Church-road, Tweedmouth CLASSIFIED DIRECTOnY. 078 Logan George, High-street, ' Tweedmouth Eenton Alexander, Union Hail Thompson Ealph, Castlegate Yale James, Tweed-street Chemists and Druggists Can" William G. High-street Da^-ison & Gibh, High-street Davidson John, High-street Elliott John, & drysalter & colourman. Hide-hill Totherick Eoheit, Western- lane Wilson Eobert, Bridge-st CMna, Glass, &c. Dealers Drjsdale Alex. Tweedmouth Emery James, Chapel-street Ferguson John, Eastern -In Eedfearn Joseph, Walker- gate-lane Eenwick John, High-street Thompson Andre\y, High-st Wight Hannah, & general dealer. Church-street YvllsonAYm. & Son. Bridge-st Coal Owners Johnson Eobert, & Co. Palace- green Confectioners Cook Stephen, Hide-hill Dodds Catherine, High st Lockwell Thomas, Bridge-st Lyle John, High-street Eutherford Wm. Church-st Weatherhead Geo. Bridge-st Curriers & Leather Merchants Berrell John, Western-lane Fleming Joseph, High-st; ho. Castlegate Mathison Wm., cutter only, High-street Drapers, Linen & Woollen Bouge Thomas, High-street Dunlop Jas. High-street ; ho. Quay Walls Forsyth Chas. Western-lane Gray John, High-street Keenan James, linen only, bridge-street Paxton E. & W. High-street Eutherford Eobt. Bridge End Small James, High-street Smith (L- Co. 1, High-street i & 1, Hide-hill Thompson Thos. & Eobert, High-street Young George & John,West- ern-lane Wilson Wm. & Co. High-st Dyers Fraser William, Western-In Gibson James, Hide-hill Mossman Eobert and John, Castlegate AYhitehead Mary, Church-st Farmers Allan David, Whitadder Bridge Atkinson Geo 9 & 10, Out- fields Atkinson Thomas, Letham Mill Barclay George,Tweedmouth Blakey William, Greens Brown David, Baldersbury Brown James, 25th lot Out- fields Brown John, Low Haugh Brown Eobert, Sanson Seal Brodie Eobert, 2nd Horse Close Bruce John, Greens Cairns John, 29th Lot, Out- fields Cockburn David, New Yv^'est Farm Crosby Thos. & Sons, White Dam Head Davidson Edw. Bogue End Dickson Eobert,Tweedmouth Dudgeon John, Greens Fender John, Greens Fender Margaret, Gain si aw Fender Thomas, West Low Haugh Gibson Eobt. Scuddy Law Gilchrist George, Cumber- land Bower Gillie Alexander J. Now East Farm Gilroy John, Sunnyside Hownara Thos. Upper Cock Law Johnston Wm. Bromielaw Landreth John James, and Thos. Baldersbury-hill Landreth Wm. Under Cock Law Lowrey Alexander E. Hope & Castle-hill Farms Lurasden John, Greens Marshall John, Baits Cross and Strand Marshall Thomas,DryThrop- ple Marshall William, Stoney Moor Eiggs Middlemiss Jas. Camp Hill Mitchell Andrew, Letham Shanks Nes bit John, 3rd Horse Close Patterson Eobert, Greens Purves WiUiam, Marshall Meadows Eenton James, Greens Eobinson John & Henry, 17th Lot, Outfields Eobson Andrew, Fairney Flat Eoss James, Spittal Hall Boss John, 2 & 3, Outfields Sanderson Ninian, Conun- drum Sanderson Mather, Grieve House Scott Ealph, 4tli Horse Close Sbiell James, 1, Outfields Smith Alexander, Letham Speedy Eobert, West Balders- bury Y^'oung John, 2, Outer Cow Close, Black Stead Fish Curers Alexander John, Spittal Alexander Thos. Sandgate Beveridge John, Sandgate Boston Eobert, Spittal Cowe Henry, Spittal ; ho. Eavensdowne Cowe James, Spittal Cowe Peter, Spittal ; ho. Church -street C uu n i n gh a m M atth ew, Spittal Crewtlier Thomas, Spittal Gilroy John, High-sti-eet Holmes Ealph, Bridge st Jackson & Edrainson, Spittal Ormibton Thos. Tweedmouth Peel George, Spittal Yeoman Archibald, Spittal Fishmongers Holmes lialph, Bridge-st JMiiburue Jos. Bridge-sti-eet k 74 BERWICK-UPON-TWEED Yv^eatlierbuine Eo"bt. Castle- gate Young George, Bridge-st Game Dealers Holmes Ealph, Bridge-street Milburne Joseph, Bridge-st Weatherston John, Higli-st Young G-eorge, Bridge-st Ginger Beer, Lemonade and | Soda Water Manafacturers i Elliott John, Hide-hill Davison Sz Gi'ob, High-st Holmes Ralph, Bridge-street AVilson Eobert, Bridge-street Grocers & Tea Dealers Alexander Thomas, Sand- gate Bogue William, High-street Christison Ales. Bridge-st Cleghorn Ealph, High-street Cook Stephen M. Hide-hill Cowe William, High-street Davidson John, High-street Davidson William, Western- lane Dixon Edwai'd, Bridge-st Dodds Ealph, tea & coffee. High -street Ewen W. M. Hide-hill Fairhaii-n Hector, Eastern- lane Gilroy John, High-street Gilchrist Chas. L. High-st Gilchrist Eobert, Western- lane Lawrence George, High-st Marshall Jas. Bridge End Mackenzie Jas. P. High-st Milburne Joseph, Bridge-st iJitchelson Ed\v. Bridge-st Pentland Peter, Western-In Paxton Adam, Bridge-street Pratt John Forster, Tweed- mouth Eobson Andrew, 17, High-st Sanderson Jas. Church-st. ; ho. Wool Market Weatherhead Geo. Bridge-st Weatherston John, High-st Young George, Bridge-st Young John, High-street Grocers & Prevision Dealers Anderson Margt. Castlegate Back John, Y/estern-lane Baldwin Mary Ann, Tweed- mouth Barlow Andrew, Church-st Bruce Isab. Tweedmouth Chisholm John, High-st Clark Nicholas, Castlegate Clark WJlham, High-street Craik Nicholas, Tweedmouth Cowe Peter, Church-street Cowe AYiUiam, High-street Crosby Thomas, Yfestem- lane Cunningham Matth. Spittal Darhngton Ann, Wool Mar- ket Davidson ]Matthew, Spittal Davison Martha.Walkergate- lane Dawson George, Spittal Dixon Thomas, Waikergate- lane Dick George, Tweedmouth Dodds Agnes, Tweedmouth Ewart Thomas, Tweed-st Fish Jane, Foul Ford Fish Elizabeth, Church-st Ford Dorothy, Church-st Forrest David, Church st Frazer Z\Iargaret, Wallace's- green Gibson Jane, Wool Market Gladston jNIargt. Church-st Gilchrist Nicholas, Castle- gate Glass John, Tweedmouth Gray Lsabella, Tweedmouth Gregg James, Walkergate-ln Hattle Elizabeth, Castlegate Jackson Catherine, Sj)ittal Jameson Margaret, Wool Market Kerr Adam, Spittal Lambert Eobert, Tweed- mouth Lambert Yincent, Church-st Leslie John, Tweedmouth Marshall John, Castlegate Marshall Margt. Church-st Middlemiss Mary, Walker- gate-lane Muir Elizabeth, Chapel-st Patterson Alex. Church-st Park Ellen, Castlegate Patterson Eobt.Wool Market Paulin Gerard, Walkergate- lane Paxton Maiy, Tweedmouth Pratt John Forster, Tweed- mouth Purves Eleanor, Castlegate Purves Thomas, Spittal PLirves Wra. Chapel-street Eankin Eobsrt, Walkergate- lane Eutherford Wm. Church-st Sampson John, Vrallace's- green Shillinglaw Thomas, Tweed- mouth Sidney Alexander, Spittal ^ Slater Ann, Castlegate Smith Bridget, Tweedmouth Sueath Thos. Church street Spowart Grace, Y^estern-ln Tennant Mary, Tweedmouth Thompson Margaret, Tweed- mouth Tindal Margaret, Castlegate To^^erson Eobert, Tweed- mouth Trotter John, Spittal Watson Joseph, Chapel st Webster Esther, Castlegate Hair Dressers Black Eobt. Tweedmouth Burns George, Spittal Cooper Thos. High-street Fair Eobert, High-street Gregson Edward, Hide-hill Trainer James, High-street Weston William, Sandgate Hatters Bogue Thomas, High-street Dunlop James, High-street Gray John, High-street Morton & Co. High-street Paxtou E. & W. High-street' Small James. High-street Thompson T. & E. High-st Turner John, Hide-hill Waite xllexaoder, High-st Young G. & J. Western-lane Hosiers Cairens Eobert & Son, High- street Currie Wm. Western-lane* Eutherford Margt. Church-st Jackson William, Western- lane CLASSIFIED DIEECTOkT. 975 Inns Hotels and Taverns Albion, James L}-^!!, Castlegate Angel, James Kuowles, Tweedmouth Anglers, V>'illiara Anderson, Castlegate Bakers' Arms, Alison Brown, Castlegate Bell, George Dawson, Spittal Berwick Arms, George Lamb, Higli-street ' Bei^ifick Arms, William Bell, High-street Black Bull, "SVilliam Henderson, High-st Black Bull, Mary Johnson, Silver-street Black Sivan, Eobert HeiTiott, Castlegate Blenheim, John Pm'ves, Spittal Border, John Drysdale, Sunny side Brewers Arms, Thomas Huntley, High-st Bridge, David Mc. Donald, Western-lane Brown Bear, Francis Dawson, Hide-hill Butchers' Arms, John Brown, High- street Cannon, "William Purves, Church-street Castle, Alexander Falconer, Castlegate • Coach d' Horses, Margaret Mc. Farlane, High-street ^ Coble, Johnston Borthwick, Greens Cock & Lion, Catherine Young, Bridge-st Commercial, David Storar, Spittal Coopers^ Arms, George Carr, Spittal Corporation Arms, David Allan, Yv^hitadder Bridge Cross Keys, George Back, High-street Crown & Thistle, George Y/estle, Walker- gate-lane Crown d' Anchor, George Strother, Church- street Exchange, Isabella Gibbison, High-street Fishers' Anns, Christopher Dumble, Sand- gate Fishers^ Arms, Alexander Pattison, Greens Foundry, William Allison, Tweedmouth Free Trade, Pv,. YN^'eatherburn, Castlegate George, Catharine Daniels, Church-street Golden Fleece, George Smith, Spittal Golden Swan, John Purves, Sandgate Harrow, John Thompson, Tweedmouth Hen d' Chickens, Mary Cliisolm, Bridge-st Hen d' Chickens, Old, Thomas Strothers, Bridge-street Hen d- Chickens, & Posting House, Pialph Atchinson, Sandgate King's Arms, & Posting House, George Montgomery, Hide-hill King's Arms, Thomas Steel, Spittal King's Head, Alexander Patterson, Spittal King's Head, Edward Dawson, Cliapel-st Leith and BerwickArms,Ja.xnes Clark,Sand- gate London and Berwick, Margaret Douglas, Sandgate Masons' Arms, John Anderson, Chapel-st Meadoio House, James Falconer Miners' Arms, Eeuben Mason, Sunnyside Miners' Arms, Elizab. Thew, Tweedmouth Nag's Head, Agnes Brown, Sandgate Nag's Head, Grace Gilchrist, Sandgate Old Angel, William Mathison, High-street Back Horse, William Gray, Church-street Peacock, Margaret Ord, Hide-hill Pier, James Hand, Silver-street Pilot, Alexander Murphy, Greens Plough, James Borthwick, High-street Queen's Head, James Stamford, Tweed- mouth Railway, William Forster, Tweedmouth Railway Hotel, Matthew Bell, Tweedmouth Kailway Station Red Lion, & Posting House, George Wil- son, High-street Red Lion, Eobert Alder, Spittal Rising Su7i, George Dick, Tweedmouth Salmon, & Posting House, Henry Leckie, Hide-hill Salmon, Y/illiam Carr, Spittal Salmon, Thomas Hogg, High-street Ship, Eobert Inglis, Sandgate Ship, Eobert Mc. Dougle, Spittal Sir Francis Burdett, Ann Patterson, Castle- gate Slag's Head, Barbara Scott, Western-] an e Steam Boat, John Coe, Sandgate Sun, John Cuthbertson, Wool Market Swalloxo, David Scott, Tweedmouth Tankerville Arms, Agnes Gray, Eastern- lane Thatch House, Thomas Heslop. Tweed- mouth Three Tuns, William Dumble, High-street Tweed, George Haig, Chapel-street Tiveed, Thomas Crewther, Spittal Tioeed, James Giles, Western-lane Tweedside, George Hope, Tweedmouth Union, John Morton, Tweedmouth Victoria & Albert, Ehzabeth Tully, Tweed- mouth Wheat Sheaf, Margaret Short, Hide-hill While Hart, Andrew IMark, High-street V/liite Horse, Alexander Marshall, Castle- gate White Horse, James Shiel, Walkergate-lu White Sivan, Samuel Fisackerly, Castlegate White Sivan, Jane Stuart, Wool Market Woolpack, Timothy Wood, Wool Market Insurance OfSces Alliance, Fike, Wm. H. Logan, Bridge-st Caledonian, Fire & Life, iMai-shall and Sanderson, Sandgate 976 BEriWICK-UrOX-TWEED Bbitannia IjIFK, Ales. Lowrey, Church-st Ceown, Life, James Sinclair, Bridge-st Colonial, Life, Wm. H. Logan, Briclge-st Cleeical & Medical, Life, George W. Dalton, Silver-street City of Glasgow, Life, William G. Carr, High-street Edinbuegh, Life, J. C. Wecldell, Palace- street Edinburgh, Life, John F. Pratt, Bowling Green, Palace General, Life, Andrew Mallock, Hide Hill Guarantee, Life, W. H. Logan, Bridge-st Imperial, Fire and Life, James Sinclair, Bridge-street Life Association of Scotland, David Logan, Hide-hill Minerva, Life, George Macaslde, 57, High-street North British, Fire and Life, John Wilson, Hide-hill Northern, Fire and Life, David Logan, Hide-hill Palladiuji, Life, John M. Meggison, Eavensdowne NoEwicH Union, Life and Fire, Andrew Kobson, High-street Phobnix, Fire, James Marshall, Bridge-end EocK, Life, E. Willoughby, Eavensdowne Eoyal Farmers and General, Fire and Life, John F. Pratt, Bowling Green-pl Eoyal, Life, and Fire, Lancelot Fleming, High-street Scottish Union, Fire and Life, Thomas Hubback, Sandgate Standard, Life, Eobert Home, Quaywalls Sun, Fire and Life, Andrew Mallock, Union (London), Fire and Life, Wm. Cowe, High-street Union, Fire and Life, George Macaskie 57, High-street United Kingdom, Life, William Logan, Bridge-street Iren Founders Eamsey E. and Son, Tweed- mouth Eobertson J. & A. & Co., Tweed Iron Works Iron Merchants Thompson Andrew, High-st Wilson W. & Son, Bridge-st Ironmongers and Hardware- men Moor John, Hide-hill Muir James, High-street Spaven Thomas, Bridge-end Thompson Andrev>r, High-st Wilson & Son, Bridge-st Land Surveyor and Agent Lowrey Alexander E. Church - street Millers TWEEDMOUTH FlOUR COM- PANY, Tweedmouth Mill Winter John, Eastern Lane Millwrights Fender David, Castle-gate Purves George, Castlegate Eiddle Samuel and Sons, Tweedmouth Scott James, Tweedmouth Master Mariners Crow John, Tweedmouth Polwart JosephjTweedmouth Sample Thomas, Palace-st Young Charles, Palace-st Merchants, (General) Darling Adam, Quay Walls Dewar John, representatives of. Bridge-street Dunlop John, Tweed-street Carr & Co. Palace Green Clay John & Son, Eastern-ln Henderson George and Son, Sandgate Hubback Thomas & Joseph, Sandgate Logan David, Hide -hill Macbeth David, Bridge-st Nicholson&InnesBridge-end Swauston JameS; Marshall Meadows Thompson John, Bridge-st.; ho. Avenue Milliners and Dressmakers Barlow Elizaheth and Isa- bella, Church-street Burn Misses, High-street Cameron Misses, Hide-hill Davidson Margaret, Tweed- mouth Fender Misses, Quay-walls Fhntotf Jane, Spittal Gibson D. & L. Bridge-st McD on aldM ary Ann, Church- street Wilson Catherine, Eavens- downe Newspapers Advertiser( Berwick) ,pub - iished every Friday, by Andrew Eobson, 46, West- ern Lane Waeder(Berwick&Kelso), published every Faiday, by George Macaslde, 57, High-street Painters and Paper Hangers Atkinson Eichard,Western-la Clark James, Wool Market Crow William and Thomas, Bridge-street Evans John D. Wool Market Gilchrist George, Bridge- street Gladston Mark, Spittal Pattison Thomas, Church-st Pawnhrokers Bell James T. Eastern -lane Oswald George, Chapel-st Physicians Cahill David, F.S., Parade Edgar Saml. F. Bridge-end Johnston Geo. Wool Market Maclagan and Son, W^ool Market CLASSIFIED DIRECTORY. 977 Kirkwood Alexander. Sandgt Wilson James, Sandgate Plumbers and Glaziers Archbold George, Hide-liill Gregg Eobert, Bridge-street Lamb David, Wool ])ilarket Lamb George, Churcb-st Morgan Jobn, Cburcb-street Nicholson Eobert, High-st Eobison Adam, Y>"estern-ln Eowland Elizabetb, Iligb-st Walter Andrew, Eastern-ln Wilson Thomas, Bridge-st Wilson V\^m. Churcb-street Young li' Todd, Higb-sti'eet Printers Davidson Wm. Western -In Macaskie Geo. 57, Higb-st Melrose Thomas, High-st Eennison Jobn, Bridge-st Eobson Andi-ew, Western-la Eope and Sailmakers Bogue William, Higli-street PattersonM. &Co. Quay -walls , Eope and Twine Manufac- turers Davidson Jas. Trreedmoutb Davidson Eobert, Castlegate Drjden Hugh, TNveedraoutb Dryden James, Tweedmoutb Dryden Wm. Tweedmoutb Gilchrist Charles L. High-st Mace Benjamin, Bowhng Green Eopery, Eavens- downe MiddlemissMattbew, Higb-st \ Simpson Thomas, Hide-hill Saddlers and Harness Makers Dodds John, High-street Fair John, and trunkmaker. Hide-bill Paston David, Hide-hill Henderson Wm. Castlegate Ship and Insurance Brokers Sinclair James, Bridge-street Young William, Quay-side Shipowners ■Berwick ShippingCompany, Quay, William Paulin, agent Carr & Co. Palace Green Gowan A. B. & Son, Quay Hubback Thomas & Joseph, Sandgate Hull Shipping Company, Quay, Agent, Wm. Young Slaters and Plasterers Brown Jobn, Church-street PattersonWilliam, Castlegate Thompson James,Wellclose- square Weatherston Jos. Western-la Weatberston Thomas &Son, Wool Market Westle George,Walkergate-la Smiths and Bell Hangers Bell Thomas & Son, High-st Black John, Tweedmoutb Cooper Jobn, Foul Ford Drummond Jobn, Hide-hill Drum m on d John and Son, Western-lane ForsterWm. Tweedmoutb Gardner Wm . E astern-lane ; ho. Wool Market Hogg George, Hide-hill Jeffrey Alexander, Castlegate Jeffrey James, Union Hall Liddle John, Tweed-street Taylor Jobn, Bridge-street Taylor Eobert, Tweedmoutb Wilson W. & Son, Bridge-st Weatberhead Adam, and boiler maker, Tweedmoutb Solicitors Dalton George,W.anddeputy clerk to county court, Silver-street ; ho. Palace Green DougiasEobert,Silver-street ; ho. Eavensdowne Home Ebt.notary,town clerk, & Superintndnt. Eegistrar, Quay-walls ; ho. Eavens- downe Marshall and Sanderson, Sandgate Pratt John, F. & clerk to the visiting justices of the Borough Jail, and Com- missioner for taking affida- vits in the superior courts. Bowling Green, Palace Eowland Jonathan, Eastern-la Smith Wm. T. High street; ho. Ava Lodge Weatberhead Eobert, and coroner, notary and steward of the manors of Tweedmoutb and Spittal, Castlegate Weddle James C. notary and clerk to the Local Board of Health, Palace-street White Thomas, Church-st Willoughby Wm. andEdward, clerks to Board of Guar- dianso, & to magistrates of Berwick,Norham,&Island- shire, Eavensdowne Straw Hat Makers Belford Margt. Wool Market Lindsay Isabella, Eastern-ln Steel Margaret, Western-In Taylor Isabella, Western-In Spade and Shovel Manufac- turers Black Thomas & Sons, Sea View Iron Works, Spittal Surgeons Edgar Saral. F. Bridge-end Fluker Eobert, Bridge-street Morrison Andrew, Tweed- mouth Wilson James, Sandgate Tailors Marked * are also drapers, f are clothiers. f Blackie John, Hide-hiU Brotherton John, Wallace's Green Cbrisp Eobert, Tweedmoutb Cockburn James, Church-st -^Dickson Jon. Walkergate-ln Dickson Alexander, Wool Market Euen Wilham, Church-st *-hGray Jobn, High street -^Gun Alexandei', High-street +Lyal James, Eastern-lane McDonald James D. Wool ]\Iai-ket Pringle James, Silver-street Eicbardson Geo. Church-st ■^ Smith Colville, Hide-hiU +Strother Geo. Church-st ♦Thompson T. & E. High-st Turnbull Jas. Wool Mai'ket Wilson Walter, Tweedmoutb Wilson Wm. Walkererate-ln 678 BEEWICK-UPON-TWEED CLASSIFIED DIEECTOBY. +Waite Alexander, High-st Tallow Chandlers Kerr Robert, Hide-hill Young George, Bridge-st Young John, High-street Willis Robert, High-street Timber Merchants Carr & Co. Palace Green Allan Brothers, and slate, Tweed Saw Mills, Tweed- rnouth Nicholson&InnesBridge-end Tin and Iron Plate "Workers and Braziers Gregg Eohert, Bridge-street Eobisou Adam, Westeru-ln Rowland Elizabeth, High-st Wilson Thomas, Bridge-st "Wilson AViUiam, Church-st Veterinary Surgeon Hogarth George, High-st Watch and Clock Makers I Archbold George, Hide-hill j Gibson Thomas, Hide-hill Nicholson John and Yrilliam, Bridge-street Pearson William, Western-la Schnell Matthew, High-st Wine and Spirit Merchants Balmer James, Tweedmouth Cockburn Thomas and Son, Hide-hill Henderson Geo. Bridge-eud Kay James, Bridge street Lawrence George, High-st Lagan David, Hide-hill Macbeth, David, Sally Port, Bridge street Public Institutions, OSces, &c. Borough jArL,Wallace's Green,W."\Yhinna, governor County Couet Ori'icE, Silver-st., George W. Drdton, Esq , deiraty clerk Custom House, Quay Walls, John, Adley, Esq., collector DisPEKSAEY, Quay Walls, James Marshall, secretary Gas Companies. — Bebwick-upon-Tweed Gas Company ,Jas .Patterson, secretary& manager. Beewick and Tweed3iouth Gas Company, W. Taylor, manager, John Wright, secretary Mechanics' Institution and News Eoom High-street, William Fleming, librarian Police Oefice, Town Hall, John Ander- son, superintendent Subscription Libeasy, Bridge-st. Richard Woolley, liibrarian Subsceiption Reading Room, Billiaed Room, and Bowling Geeen, Palace Green, Robert B. Weatherhead, Esq., hon. secretary Town Hall, High-street Union Woekhouse, James B. Atkinson, governor Carriers to the following places Belford. — George Dixon, from the Salmon Hide Hill, on Saturday Boicsdon. — William iish, from the Black Bull, on Saturday Coldingham. — Robert Purvis, from the Nag's Head, on Saturday Coldstream. — Andrew Mack, from the Eishers' Arms, on Tuesdays and Satur- days Doddinc/ton. — Erancis Purvis, ftom the Wool Pack, on Saturday Eyemouth. — Geo. Nesbit, from the Salmon, High-street, on Saturday Femoick and Belford. — George Pur\is,from the Brown Bear, on Saturday Ford. — John Lock,fromthe Salmon,Hide-hl on Saturday Holy Island. — John Patterson, from the Peacock, on Saturday Holy Island. — Robert Yetts Lilbm-n, from the Nag's Head, on Saturday Howtell. — James Wallace, from the Black Bull, once a month Hutton — Mrs. White, from the Globe, on Satui-day Kelso. — Andrew Mack, from the Fishers' Arms, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays Loioick. — James Pattie, from the Eishers Arms, on Wednesdays and Satiu'days LoicicJi. — William Smith, from the Black Bull, on Wednesdays and Saturdays Milljield. — William Robson, from the Black Bull, on Wednesdays and Saturdays Xorham. — John Hattle, from the Plough', on Wednesdays and Saturdays Swinton. — Geo. McKay, from the Salmon, High-street, on Saturdays Whitsome. — John Keenlyside, from the Wheat Sheaf, on Saturdays Winterburn. — John Hovde, from the Black Bull, on Saturday Wooler. — James Henderson, from the Salmon, Hide Hill, on Wednesdays and Saturdays Wooler. — There is a coach,from the Salmon, Hide Hill, every Saturday, at four p.m. 979 GEOLOGY OF THE LAKE DISTRICT, BY JOHN EOOKE, ESQ., OF AKEHEAD, WIGTON, CUilBErvLAND. The progress of exact science has gradually brouglit Geology nearer to pure physics and distinct facts. No sound geologist now oversteps the boundaries here assigned him ; unless by the help of hypotheses duly applied, additional facts are gathered by observation and attention, for their better classification. I do not propose to describe all that might be said on the Geology of the Lake District, my object being that of enabling the future student, while carrying on local enquiries, to comprehend the general character of such Geology, and what involves the several approaches thereto — everywhere showing an all-ruling order and harmony of structure, agreeable to infinite wisdom and a Creator's designs. In order to detect those forms of drift, which laws of physical forces have determined, I have year after year traversed many miles of hill and dale, amidst the wildest recesses of the district, for the collection of facts in detail, without any other guide than those channels of tidal agency which the ocean still continues to flow upon. I acknowledge, in passing, however, the aid I have derived from Mr. Flintoff's model of these regions, which shows at a glance those general laws of a depository system that lead to the minute forms of mountain outhnes, and even their sequence of deposition. Geology as an Accepted Science. — In the progress of exact observation, Geology has afforded ample materials for assigning it a place as a science among the several formulae of mental induction. It now classes all rocks as oldest, intermediate, and newest, or, in other words, lowest, transition, and uppermost, in the order of superposition. This is determined by their respective types also, as azoic or non-fossihferous and unstratified, azoic and yet stratified, and azoic and fossiliferous strata. Both generally, and in detail as well, this form of classification places an intermediate group between two extremes of lowest in position and uppermost. The entire frame of our globe, therefore, is classed as lo^Yest and unstratified, commonlv crystalline in structure also — transition, which includes intermediate 3 p 980 GEOLOGY OF THE sedimentary rocks, azoic or non-fossiliferous, in types and characters, and sucli upper stratifications as compose rocks within the records of azoic or fossiliferous appearances. Dividing these general orders specially and in a similar way, as given below, decides those relative dates wdien the material of all rocks passed from a state of drift to that of rest in admitted sequence of time. OZOIG ORDER Teetiaey oe Newest. SPECIAL GROUPS. (Tide Newest or Pliocene •I Earlier or Miocene (Earliest of the Group or Eocene. Second AET oe Inteemediate. Chalk, the -uppermost^ re-divided into uppermost, lower, and lowest. Oolite, lower, do. do. do. , Lias, lowest, do. do. do. Pal.^ozoic OE Oldest. TRANSITION AND AZOIC ORDER. Steatified and Azoic, IjNSTRATIFIED and azoic ORDER. Cevstalline in Steuctuee. f New red sandstone, uppermost ; re-divided into niagnesian Hmestone, intermediate, and the lowest. Carboniferous group ; coal measures, upper millstone grit, intermediate, limestone, and gritstone lowest. Old red sandstone uppermost ; Palaeozoic schist earlier; and oldest Palseozoic limestone earliest. 'Schist, argilaceous mud, indurated by electro -chemical agency. Mica schist, do. do. do. ^ Green stone and gneiss, earliest, do. 'Porphyry, crystallized by electro-chemical agency. Sienite, earlier, do. do. do. Granite, earliest do. do. do. Such a triplicate form of classification, applied to the general divisions of Geology, and ever including triplications within these outlines, is both easy in comprehension, and affords a ready reference to each class. Geology, as a science so treated, offers a lucid reading of the structure of our globe, places it amongst the exact sciences, and gives facilities for an examination of its records, as applied to the Lake District, which any tyro may readily understand, and trace through their seyeral ramifications to minute incidents and contingencies. Unaccepted Geology. — Every calm geologist admits, that the main portion of the materials which compose the frame of our globe have been primarily drifted to the position they now hold, driven onwards by the forces of a vast rolling ocean, on term j of physical centricity and eccentricity. LAKE DISTETCT, 981 These conditions applied to materials in a state of drift, tlie composition of AYhich differed in their specific gravity, or mud and water commingled together, necessarily separated such a compound into two parts, and thus brought the more heavy and sluggish portion of those materials to a state of rest. Hence the primarily fluent mud was divided from the waters by those laws of eccen- tric gravitation, which resisted and exhausted the forces of the great deeps, either by mud driven before them, and placed in the form of bars, or in lines of continuous ridges, which exhausted the forces of the waters, and so divided them from the mud with which they had been primarily commingled. On these laws of specific gravitation, then, the Neptunian theory of Geology takes its firm stand, and traces out the undulated surface of the globe in correspondence mainly with the depository laws of mud and water commingled, and, as physically constituted, when in a state of rolling activity, the water by its subtle motion drives mud either upon natural barriers, or into lines of mud, placed where the drifting forces of the water have been exhausted. In opposition to these plain views of the structure of the globe, as referred to its undulated surface, the Vulcanic theory of Geology would seem to entertain one of two opinions — either that some power, which is begged, has lifted up parts of the earth in dome-sbaped forms, or that an assumed outer crust thereof has been broken into waves of translation, like some vast field of ice, or rather the undulations of fluent materials taking the wave-like forms of a vast rolhng ocean. Facts, hov/ever, are continually at variance with either theory, and even both of them combined. For the advocates of such schemes, to reconcile the slippery hypothesis dealt in, beg the admission of an infinite series of "faults," so called, in their geological nomenclature, but which the Neptunian system has no need of. Nor do any two writers of the former class agree in opinion. Some go back to the time and notions of Strabo — others would have the earth swelled outwards like a blown bladder — while they all neglect or overlook those laws of oceanic forces, which have separated land from water on rigidly physical cojiditions, flowing from concentric motion into eccentric depositions, that constantly trace outlines leading to the primary impetus from whence those lines, whether vertically or horizontally taken, are geometrically drawn. Like the wren, their habitat is far apart from those regions of light in which the eagle of truth dwells, — they are prone to flutter as critics nevertheless, or sneer in harmless breathings. Mud and water compose the primary materials of our globe. " The vapours which arise from the sun, the fixed stars, and the tails of comets," as expressed in Newton's Principia, " may fall by their gravity into the atmosphere of the planets, where they may be condensed and converted into water and humid gases, and afterwards by a slow heat" (generated electro- chemically) " graduate into salts, and sulphurs, and tinctures, and mire, and mud, and clay, and sand, and' stones, and corals, and other earthy substances." These materials, then, have been drifted on laws of physical force and centricity, into the eccentric structure of an embodied glc^e, as we now find the figure and 98'^ GEOLOGY OF THE surface of the earth in form and aspect. These are the rigid terms on which Neptunian Geology takes it stand, and from whence all its conclusions are drawn, in strict conformity to facts and phenomena. " We find fire and water," says Dr. Buchland, " those two universal and antagonizing forces which have materially influenced the condition of the globe." Again, " the state of the ingredients of crystalhue rocks has, in a great degree, been influenced by chemical and electro-magnetic forces, whilst that of stratified sedimentary deposits has resulted chiefly from the mechanical action of moving w^ater, and has occasionally been modified by large admixtures of animal and vegetable remains. The action of all these forces will be rendered most intelligible by examples of their efiects, ''found in the hypothesis of the original fluidity of the entire materials of the earth." Professor Sedgwick has also said, that "all the slate beds were at first in the condition of a very fine mud or silt, deposited, layer above layer, by the sea:" further observing, that "beds of mud and sand were deposited in an ancient sea. Plutonic rocks were then, for many ages, poured out among the aqueous sediments — beds were broken up and re-cemented— plutonic silt and other materials in the finest comminution were deposited along with the igneous rocks — the effects were again and again repeated, till a deep sea was filled up with a formation many thousand feet in thickness." Nor does the acute Professor account for crystallization and induration in a manner different from that of Professor Buckland. He asks — "What are crystalline rocks, and the cleavage plane of slates, and all the perplexing phenomena of metallic veins, but the results oi chemical action carried on upon a gigantic scale — of experiments made of old in nature's laboratory — which w^e can sometimes feebly imitate ? The laws of electro-chemical action are among the greatest discoveries of m.odern times." No waiter has been more anxious to avoid or to correct error than the high intellect here quoted ; nor more sensible how readily small errors may creep in, at variance wdth that chain of being we often attempt to interpret in vain. He observes by the way — "I will escape from the slippery ground of hypothesis." When my distinguished friend, Andrew Crosse, Esq., at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancem.ent of Science, held at Bristol, in 1836, show^ed that by a slow galvanic process carried on in darkness, and applied to given ingredients, either in a state of mud, or held in a state of solution by water, they were convertible into every class of rocks from granite to the newest tertiary beds, he made that great discovery, which opened out a fresh path for the scientific investigators "of modern times." To use his own words : " For a long series of years I have considered the electric inflaence to be, metaphorically speaking, the right hand of the Almighty, used after the creation of elementary atoms, calling or collecting together the simple or compound bodies in which we find them, and resolving them into their original elements on the approach of an opposite electrical action ; just as oxygen and hydrogen, in their relative proportions, art condensed into water, which again in its turn, by the aioplication of a more powerful electrical !i LAKE DIStEiCT. 983 current, is restored to its original elementary state. I have, in the whole course of my experiments, endeavoured to follow nature as far as was in my humble po^Yer, being perfectly convinced that, if one condition under which nature works be omitted, a greater or less failure will be the inevitable result. In confomiity with this, I have observed that darkness most favours universal crystallization, and in many instances is quite indispensable. In short, we must be blind indeed not to feel convinced of the predominance of design. Throughout the whole earth, in every ramification, a blind imitation of nature will be more successful than an opened-eyed following of art." Such are the words of the instructor and guide I very humbly follow. True to an avowal which is all his own, he said — " I must state, for the sake of truth and the science which I follow, that I am neither an atheist, nor a materialist, nor a self-imagined creator, but a humble and lowly reverencer of that great Being, whose laws my accusers seem wholly to have lost sight of." Unaccepted Geology, then, in reference to the primary state of those materials which compose the earth's frame, and in reference also to electro- chemical agency, viewed as conditions concerned in the crystallization, induration, and cementation of rocks — this portion of the subject in hand may be taken as settled ; and also that geological conclusions have advanced in coiTespondence with chemical and electrical science. What is accepted in the latter, may now be fairly taken as accepted in application to the former, and as sanctioned by the most celebrated names of past and present days. These considerations obviously bring us to those laws of drifting forces, which have determined the surface appearances of the globe. To the question, " What is electro-chemical agency ?" the true answer would seem to be, electricity. Viewed in itself as a special agent, it is purely immaterial, and has no place in any specific element or material body. All material bodies and elements are in an inconceivably active state. The earth, for instance, moves in its orbit some 68,000 miles per hour, and 1,000 miles per hour on its axis, and nevertheless preserves a motive balance. Electricity would, therefore, seem to be the equilibrium of inconceivably active forces. Hence it is merely the amazingly active law of being, as seen telegraphically, and ever resolving itself into an equilibrium of relative forces. For, although the earth moves at a speed so enormous, yet th« exactness of its elemental balance is such that its equilibrium is constantly preserved, notwithstanding the vast movements of a material frame ; and this brings us to those exact- nesses in physical force which are universally diffused. In other words, gravitation is exact in its final results, proving thereby the wondrous unifor- mity of physical force, as regulated by the relative state of being ; and what we know of electricity and learn about it, is but a trivial disturbance of some local equilibrium temporarily in physical forces. In the vast agitations of universal force, nothing can therefore be in a state of absolute rest. The mud of which the globe is admitted to be composed primarily, would therefore necessarily take a form determined by mechanical centricity, losing its balance in part, and flying into eccentric forms. Hence 984 GEOLOGY OF THE the form of the globe is au oblate spheroid eccentrically constructed, nor could its surface be primarily a level plane. Eccentric results would neces- sarily, in the separation of mud and water, trace out deep furrows in the depositions of the former, and these furrows in detail would resolve them into eccentric delineations, even though the first impetus were concentric ; and such furrows constantly deepening would lower the water from the hills, while there would be a constant tendency to that which did not absolutely happen. In Wyld's Popular Atlas, Mr. Hyde Clark says — " The paths, or orbits of the planets are in irregular-shaped ellipses, because, according to physical laws, they cannot be circular. For, in nature, a circle, or right line is never formed nor is the same shape ever gone over again, which would be the case if the orbits were circular. In nature, there is always a contest between centricity and eccentricity." Such, then, are the terms to which physical philosophy has been brought, and that now sanction its appliance to Geology as a branch in science flowing therefrom ; and in these respects Geology must be taken as a department of pure science referable to facts, physics, and classification. Distribution of Land and Water over the Earth's Surface. — The earth may be said to be mechanically balanced in equipoise upon its axis, moving some 68,000 miles per hour in its orbit, aud 1,000 miles per hour on its poles. On these terms a motive impetus is given, which naturally involves centripetal and centrifugal forces, wdiich contribute to counterbalance and fix the limitations of each other in equilibrio. As, then, the primary materials to which the globe owed its structure, were mud and water blended together, and constantly rolling at a high speed amidst elemental fluids, so was a physical force generated, by which its material body has been drifted into an irregularly-shaped oblate spheroid. Determined in figure by the physical conditions of a globe in motion — thoughlaws of rest naturally caused mud and water to descend upon the poles ; yet the rate of its rolling impetus had a still higher tendency to lift them towards the equator, and so flattened the form of the polar regions — conditions to which the waters of the earth still conform, as relatively compared to that of the tropics. Hence the prevailing law of physical force was that of v,'ater driving away mud, in the direction of the tropics from the polar regions. When viewed eccentrically, we find this tendency vastly stronger from the southern than the northern pole. And this law of the distribution of water upon the surface of the earth is still the same as at the most early date, retaining the ancient lines of direction into which it was primarily and physically driven by the first figures of dry land, or mud separated and deposited apart from the great deeps. Were an eccentric circle drawn around the south pole, we should find a space occupied by water alone equal to about one half the area of the entire globe, while we observe a basin of water mainly occup;^ing the north pole, surrounded by a circuit of land, the rivers of which chiefly bear upon that pole, the Atlantic presenting an elongated outline. But we find it, also, a cross link of water which connects the two polar basins, and everywhere xesembling a mighty river, rather than the circular basins of the poles. LAKE DISTRICT. 085 We experimentally and theoretically find, that a portion of water placed upon a globe in a given motion, necessarily has, in the distribution thereof, its primary impetus from the axis. The physical force, therefore, by which water in motion, upon the surface of the earth, cleared itself from mud primarily, was theoretically that of drifting such mud upon the equator, and so forming a crest of dry land thereon. Xevertheless, eccentric results obtained ; and we find this primary theory experimentally correct in approximation only. Like a bias in a loaded bowl, land is heavier towards the north than the south pole, so that the crest of this shifted mud was deposited in excess on the northern line of the equator. Nor did this eccentric law of physical force stop here ; it applies to the axis of the old world only. The mighty flood of waters, deriving its gigantic im- petus from the south pole eccentrically, has broken through the tropical crest just shown, and fixed the axis of the new world at right arfgles nearly to that of the old world, and thus placing the river-like form of the Atlantic ocean with uncommon regularity betwe^i them ; so that we find the axis of America from Cape Horn, through the rocky mountains into the Arctic Ocean, placed in a continuously flowing Une throughout, and directly across the equatorial region, presenting at the same time the two eccentric figures of North and South America, even in outline similar to the coast of Africa. Motive Disteibution of th^e Ocean. — When mechanical and physical forces had determined to dry the land of the earth, by drifting mud from the poles towards the equator, and deposits had taken their several forms con- formably to the laws of gravitation here so distinctly illustrated, the motion of the great deeps took a settled course throughout, coincident with the figures of the dry land previously finished. The earth's motion being eastward, the flowing waters resting on its surface took a relatively \vestward movement, in combination with that which ejected those waters lineally from the south pole upon the north pole, to be in their turn propelled southward again by the projectile force of the land they fell upon. As a general theory, then, the Pacific Ocean moves westward and northward, in conformity to the united forces of a double impetus derived from a globe in motion, and partly overspread by waters, which rest upon an unequal surface. Hence the waters of the Pacific are ejected through the Atlantic Ocean into the Arctic Ocean, and from thence projected back again through the Atlantic into the Pacific. Such are the general laws and results which determine and regulate the motions of the great deeps in their order of currents and counter-currents, and from whence the local tides have their origin. Here we discover, by rigid induction, those projectile forces in agreement with which oceanic currents traverse the surface of the earth among fixed barriers of land ; and the well-known Gulf-stream of the Atlantic Ocean affords a link in this great system, to w^hich we may readily attach the rest of the continuous chain. While this stream flows along the channels of the Atlantic, we fail in detecting a tidal swell, until its force breaks upon the more shallow and confined shores of Europe. Five hundred miles from their terminus, the tides which run upon the British Isles, have 986 GEOLOGY OF THE their origin in the deep channels of the Gulf-stream; and the Lake District is equi-distant from three separate tide waves which anciently fell upon its shores. First, one from the coast of Norway, w^hich now flows into the strait of Dover, and ends there. A second starts at the Gulf-stream, takes the north Irish channel, runs on St Bee's Head, and divides itself northward in the Solway Frith, and southward to Morecambe Bay. A third wave, similar in origin, rounds the south of Ireland, fills the British channel up to the strait of Dover, the Bristol channel also, and meets the northern wave, as already traced out, in Morecambe Bay. Anciently, and as shown by distinct lines of depository material, the eternal records of past events, these three tide waves held their several bearings on the centre of the Lake District. On White Stones, or the plateau of Borrowdale, a flat rounded waste immediately to the north of Coddle Pike, at which point a southern wave has left deep scars of its terminal fury ; while the rains that fall on the w^aste of AVhite Stones -shed themselves into the descending valleys of Watendlath, Stonethwaite, Langdale, and Easdale, being, in the language of Wordsworth, " like spokes from the nave of a wheel," on which all the main valleys of the Lake District immediately hold their hearings — from Ulleswater to A¥aste Water, Enuerdale, and Buttermere*"; so that the flattened waste of White Stones is the true dome around which all the main lakes of the district are severally clustered, as a common centre of drifted materials, and divested of faults, except those eccentric lines described in hill and valley, and necessarily a result of physical forces applied to the drifting of mud hj currents of water to places of rest ; the whole region being constructed in eithsr direct barriers of collision, like the axis of the old world, or disposed in flowing lines similar to the new world. Unstratified and Crystalline Rocks within the Lake District. — Primarily the material of this order of rocks has been deposited m the form of drifted mud, and subsequently crystallized by electro-chemical agency. Its irregular outlines would seem attributable to an outer frame having been imperfectly cemented, and large portions of such material, having been subject to denudation, have gone to the providing of material for future rocks com- posed of clay or sand. So it may probably be that the red sand of the river Dee, as seen in Braemar Forest, still points to the original site of the millstone grit, which now composes the chief material of the Penine chain of hills. The oldest rocks are commonly the hardest, and the best cemented. Y^t such a rule is exceedingly liable to exceptions, and amounts to a proof that electro- chemical agency, by which crystallization has been mainly effected, has at all times been subject to very different degrees of intensity ; and, therefore, like the baking of some brick kiln, the original structure of granite and other crystalline rocks, has been subject to vast denudations, which have gone into the structures of newer deposits. Were the induration of rocks the exponent of heat deeply seated in the earth's frame, that heat might have been expected to evince some constant or continuous proofs of its influence. But it is quite otherwise, and liable to LAKE DISTRICT. 987 repeated alternations of hard and soft rocks, as \ye trace any class of strata through its several beds ; proving that these variations in hardness depended on the several plates of material in their separate series and other physical conditions, inducing electro- chemical activity in more or less intense degrees, ■which was probably no other difference in depositions than that of a calm and a highly agitated sea inducing electro-chemical influence. In other words, three separate tide waves, exhausting their several forces on the central ground of the Lake District, and by a violent agitation of marine waters inducing a state of intense electro-chemical activity, which converted muddy materials into crystalline rocks. Strict attention to the physical con- ditions already given, affords ample data for describing an organic sequence of rocks lying within the area of the Lake District. Granite is found on three points. First, that of Red Pike and Bootle ; secondly, the Skiddaw granite ; and, thirdly, that of Wasdale Cragg or Shap Fells. It must be here held in \ie^^\ that at the date when these isolated patches had been completed, all was sea around them, and that a vast rolling tide wave from off the coast of Norway flowed along the line of Ulleswater, directly on the angle of a line of wave coming through the north Irish channel, while a third wave from the south Irish channel, fell perpendicularly upon the meeting ground of the other two waves. The primeval results of these physical conditions were a disorderly reef of granite and sienite, eighteen miles in length, beginning at Red Pike and ending at Bootle, with a small patch of grey granite, which is seen in (jrlenderaterra, between Skiddaw and Saddleback, along with the isolated patch of Wasdale Cragg. Here we find granite on three points, and a tide wave taking its course between each of them, as represented by the line of LTlleswater, Derwent Lake, and Windermere. The most early additions made to these primary bases of depositions, were the porphyry of Wanthwaite Cragg and Naddle, the sienite of Carrock taking a direction in the immediate line of the Skiddaw granite and the green stone of Binsey, which afford an axis also in the line of the Skiddaw granite, and complete an angular figure presenting its apex southward, and open northward. * The relative structure of these first barriers, composed of crystalline rocks built up by electro-chemical agency amidst exhausted tide waves, provided em.bayed ground for a future depository system to rest upon. Oldest Sedimentary Formation. — The Skiddaw granite, in direct con- nexion with the sienite of Carrock and the green stone of Binsey, afforded a nucleus for the oldest deposits to rest upon, and apart from the other groups of these hills ; but on a limited area only, in the wilds of Skiddaw Forest and Glenderaterra, is the oldest transition class met with, exhibited in compact arenaceous strata giving forth a musical sound. In tracing out the boundaries of the main nucleus of the Lake District, we find the crystalline system of Red Pike, seven miles apart in a north-east direction, from a similar axis which runs for five miles through Castlerigg, Naddle, St. John s Vale, and Wanthwaite Cragg. Fourteen miles from this 3 p a 988 GEOLOGY OF THE cragg in a south-easterly bearing, the porphyretic granite of Wasdale Cragg is met with. In a south-easterly direction from this cragg to Bootle, twenty-eight miles intervene, free from any appearance of unstratified rocks ; and if to these spaces we add eighteen miles from Bootle to Red Pike, on summing the v,-hole of them up, we find an outer girdle seventy- three miles in length, forming the true nucleus of the Lake District. But in retracing the limits of the oldest transition series, we find its area swelled out to a circuit of ninety-one miles — namely, from Red Pike, by Honister Cragg, Castlerigg, the porphyry of St. John's, and Wanthwaite Cragg, to Stybarrow Cragg, Place Fell, Swarth Fell, and Wasdale Cragg — the south-eastern buttress of this ground. Thence w-e observe it tending in a gentle concave form to Black Combe, and passing by Bootle and Muncastcr Fell to Red Pike again. Along the entire course of this circuit, towering craggs, elevated mountains, contorted stratification, deep cleavage plates, and stupendous waterfalls, proclaim a rugged sea beach at an early date, quite distinct from the general features of the rest of the district ; and afford a sketch to the eye, which separates the transition schist formation from a newer series of schist, which, at a subsequent date, has been added to the entire circuit of a primary nucleus. Within the area of this primary nucleus, none of the chief lakes are found ; and yet they all touch its immediate confines. Windermere, Ullesw^ater, Derwent, Buttermere, Coniston, and Ennerdale lakes, all go up to its borders, and encircle its boundaries. Wast Water, Thirlmere, Grasmere, and Hawes Water, lie within these physical boundaries. But its area contains within it nearly all the tarns ; because these are the abutting termini of tide waves, which, whirling in strong rebounding eddies, left circular pools most beautifully figured out, and overhung by lofty precipices and bold escarpments, evinchig the final throes of Atlantic forces in these interesting and strong types of tidal activity. In this region a great variety of rocks are found, the classification of which is far from being settled. Drifted materials having been rolled into deter- minate positions by three separate tide waves, and placed upon bases w-hicli may have differed in their mineral composition ; the electro-chemical con- ditions under v;hich each locality was placed, being different as concerned the ingredients acted upon, and of the intensity of the galvanic action evolved also, results would differ, and afford that variety of mineral products met with in the nucleus of the system. It may be inductively admitted that the area of this central nucleus of the Lake District, environed by crystalhne rocks as we find it to be, is occupied by a similar structure at no considerable depth beneath its superincumbent formation. When these mountains, primarily composed of argilaceous and arenaceous mud, were deposited upon such a base, an intense galvanic battery was certain to be brought into full activity, and originate a fan-shaped cleavage, which is now admitted to be a leading feature in the Cordilleras, Appallachian, Allegany, and Alpine ranges of mountains. Nor does this law of cleavage, as a general rule, fail in the main nucleus of the Lake District ; for I LAKE DISTRICT. 989 we fiud the noted pale blue roofing slate, in a vertical form, traversing the centres of these mountains to their very summits, passing through Coniston Old Man into Langdale, and through Honister Cragg into Borrowdale, succeeded latterly by an inclined cleavage. Now, this is precisely what might be expected to follow, were a mountain of mud placed so as to form a power- ful galvanic battery ; it would cleave the centre of such a mountain, bake it into vertical slates, and lastly give an inclined dip to its sides. Such terms form a leading feature in the nucleus of the Lake District. The cleavage is by no means connected with the beds of stratification, but the result of a mountain of mud, settling by its own superincumbent weight, and finally baked by electro-chemical mean';. These mountains do not admit the possibility of having been upheaved in undulations by the earth's crust breaking up in normal waves of translation, since they form a complete series of diverging lines, under the depository influence of three separate tide waves, all of which are finally concentrated on White Stones. Neither is that centre conspicuous in elevation, but the reverse, formed into a sort of rugged basin, amidst a circuit of lofty mountains. In Naddle, thick beds of stratified schist are seen dipping to the south, on not more than some thirty degrees of inclination ; and resting on conglomerate as the primary foundation of a future superstructure carried southward, until a true centre has been worked out on White Stones. Though the early deposits are somewhat complex, and drifted by a southern tide wave as far north as Naddle, and St. John's Vale, yet v.'e find the entire structure corres- ponding with laws of centricity at its close ; and, by observation and attention, still capable of distinct analysis and synthesis, as if it were mechanical frame- work, each part fitted to its purpose and place designed. Protozoic Limestone. — Having shown that the primary nucleus of the Lake District is composed of mountains and drainage lines flowing from a position already ascertained, like radiations of light diffused from a common centre, our next step is to follow out these several radiations, newer in struc- ture, wdiich have been added thereto at a subsequent date, or drifted into previously vacant places. Among the most interesting of these radiated additions, is the Coniston limestone. It is Protozoic, and cannot therefore be classed as transition limestone, which ought to be purely non-fossiliferous. Hence its true place is the most early Palseozoic limestone. This limestone is found everywhere resting immediately upon the older transition hills, along their southern escarpment, from the granite of Wasdale Cragg on the east, to the granite of Bootle on the west, along a very narrow space, twenty-eight miles in length, except where at intervals it has been denuded by cross currents, such as Langdale, Grasmere, and Kentmere. In proof how closely it rests upon and against the older transition rocks, and determines their boundaries, it is found at Yew Tree, drifted into the deep cavity of Yewdale, where the older hills are furrow^ed out a mile in depth, brought back again on the opposite side of the dale — Coniston flagstones occupying the central ground of Yew- dale ; and, on completing such indentation into this dale, it resumes its place k 990 GEOLOGY OF THE along tlae escarpment of the transition series, as if tliey had been a mould fitted for its reception, and into which it bad been drifted by tidal forces. Indeed, the way in which these rocks follow each other in successive series, shows how closely the unstratitied rocks had regulated a future depository system ; while it points to the nature of the previous operations, by which a crystalline structure had been fabricated amidst the meeting-ground of three separate tide waves. Xo eruptive agency, depending upon incidents of chance, were likely to have reared barriers so centrical, nor of clearing the channels of navigation from sunken rocks composed of granite, and the rest of what are called igneous products. I admit that these are igneous in their composition, but the instrument of decomposition is galvanic, and may have been as comparatively slow and cold meanwhile as the formation of the suspended stalacite. New Series of Schist. — On the entire foreground of the most early Palaeozoic limestone, in the direction of Morecambe Bay, or southward there- from, we find beds of a newer schist, in superposition to that limestone. As this schist rests upon fossiliferous beds of limestone, and is in itself fossili- ferous, its true place must be Palaeozoic schist— a name which nobody can mistake at all acquainted vrith rocks bearing the slaty cleavage. All the series, slaty in the structure, from the oldest Palceozoic limestone occupying the southern frontier of the older transition formation, up to Morecambe Bay, must therefore be classed as Palaeozoic schist. So far these conclusions may be placed in the category of accepted Geology. Nevertheless, here we arrive on delicate and questionable ground. How shall we settle the boundaries of Palaeozoic schist ? From the Duddon to Fountains Fell in Yorkshire, a space of forty miles, radiations of schist, in advance of previous deposits, hold their sedimentary lines uniformly south- ward. Along this section, except where carboniferous limestone has been drifted into vacant spaces previously unoccupied by schist, we find the features of the district, the character of its rocks, and the direction of its hills and valleys, perfectly similar. Insomuch are we justified in extending the field of Palaeozoic schist from the Duddon to Fountains Fell, and as far northward as Sedbergh and Wasdale Cragg. The Howgill, Cautley, and Tebay Fells, composed of schist, here come next under review. How shall we dispose of these ? In what category shall we place them ? It would seem that no deposits so old as transition schist rest on the south-eastern shoulder of Wasdale Cragg. The samel of that locahty — resting on the granite of Wasdale Cragg, very hard in structure, fine grained, blue in colour, complicated in its cleavage joints, and distorted in its beds of stratification — is spread over this shoulder in the form of a thin mantle, resting its border on the granite of Wasdale Cragg, and overlaid by the old red sandstone of Shap Wells. The character of this samel, so called, may be readilly accounted for, and sheds much lighten Geology as a science. Mineral plates, so dissimilar in composition and structure as granite and samel, placed under the influence of oceanic ton-en ts, would physically form a more intense galvanic battery than plates of Palaeozoic schist resting on LAKE DISTRICT. 991 I each otlier, and elicit a local excess of electro-chemical intensity corres- pondingly. The group of hills, therefore, lying on the south-eastern shoulder of Was- dale Cragg, cannot be placed in a transition period of deposits, but in that of _. Palaeozoic schist — coeval with that of Coniston, which also lests upon the immediate border of transition schist. The Tebay, Cautley, and HovTgill Fells, also, belong therefore to the series of Palaeozoic schist. With a body of facts before us, so plainly verified, how shall we class the several clusters of hills that lie on the northern borders of the main nucleus of the Lake District ? Does the same rule of classification, which so distinctly applies to the southern region of this nucleus, fail in its application to its immediate northern border ? By no means. The group of hills which shed their waters into the Derwent and Cocker, from Peel Wyke to Gatesgarth, must be classed as Palaeozoic schist. These are Harroth Fell, Wythop Fells, Whiteside, GrassDioor, Ladhouse, Whiteless Pike, Grisdale Pyke, Causey Pike, Catbells, Goldscope, Highsnab, and Robinson. The Skiddaw cluster of hills also, resting on their central nucleus, as already described, must therefore be similarly classed, as well as the district of Matterdale and Gowbarrow Parks, where extended beyond the boundaries of transition schist. The several hills also, bearing the slaty cleavage to the westward of the granite of the Pied Pike, follow the same order of classification. These are Dent, Coldfell, Bleng, and Ponsonby Fells, part of Copeland Forest, and Blakeley. Had space permitted, much might have been added in this place, in corroboration of the laws of drift, supported by physical facts, by which the materials of these hills have been rolled upon a previously constructed base. Fossil remains, indeed, conclusively show that a progressive subsidence of the ocean had taken place, inasmuch as animal and fossil plants are found deeply embedded in the earth, which have been the inhabitants of previously dry iand. All the earth has been primarily covered by the ocean, and a portion of it then must have become dry land before the rest, and that portion is now the most elevated. I should be glad to learn what scheme and order of uplifting agency would agree with these plain facts, without violating mechanical laws, and those proofs which surface lineaments afford. Old Red Sandstone. — At the close of Palaeozoic schist, from Red Pike, in the direction of St. Bee's Head, Dent was the most advanced tidal water- shed point ; yet old red sandstone is not seen resting thereon, but where a rebounding wave might be expected to place it amidst the exhausted forces of a tidal wave. • It would appear to form the axis of Weddiker Rigg ; and from thence to Hesket-New-Market, though nowhere detected, it probably underlies a new^er group of Palaeozoic strata. To the eastward of Brampton, in the bed of the river Irthing, old red sandstone is met with, and also at Melmerby, dipping under Crossfell ; and may be traced along the foot of the Crossfell range of hills to Birks Know, Knock Pike, Dufton Pike, and ]\lurton Pike, where it seems deposited in a disorderly form, amidst exhausted eddies, occasioned by the waters of the 99Q. GEOLOGY OF THE Lune running across tlie Sohvay stream, and which accounts for the distorted structure of this line of conical hills, placed apart from each other in the form of isolated cones. From this data here given, it may he inferred that a reef of old red sand- stone, novv overlaid partly hj a newer system, had been formed at the same date, running from the Cheviots by Melmerby into Yorkshire, as the primary base of the Penine chain. Yet by some geologists it is called the greatest fault in Europe, though a regular deposit on the meeting-ground of two opposing tide waves. Here we are able to detect the progress of a change which occurred in the courses of the several tide waves, from the close of the Paleozoic schist deposits, up to the completion of old red sandstone. On the southern range of the PalEEozoic schist formation, from Black Combe on the west, to Fountains Fell in Yorkshire on the east, a highly spiculated frontier presents itself, everywhere conforming to the lines of drift determined by a southern tide wave, falling perpendicularly on a barrier lying across its course. Agreeable to these physical conditions, old red sandstone is found to have been drifted into the gorges of the Mint, near Kendal, the Lune, near Kirby Lonsdale, and the Rother, near Sedbergh — sanctioning an inference that the old red sandstone is probably overlaid extensively on the foreground here marked out, as the boundaries of Morecambe Bay at an early date. Oldest Millsone Grit. — While treating on the immediate laws of tidal agency which are connected with the Lake District, up to the deposition of the oldest millstone grit, it might scarcely appear requisite to trace the drifting of material from a distance. But as we observe the path of old red sandstone, in the Orkney Isles, to have been drifted out of northern deeps, and from off the Scandinavian chain of mountains, which barred and embayed, at an early date, the wide-spread levels of north-eastern Europe, we may be allowed to trace the connexion between old red sandstone and the oldest millstone grit. In the distribution of materials by water, a granular millstone grit seems so assimilated wdth old red sandstone as almost to blend the two in one, ere a still newer system commenced. The sandstone or millstone grit is met with in the tributary streamlets of Eskdale and Liddesdale, holding a position equivalent to old red sandstone — that is, resting on schist or Grauwacke — and hence classed as old red sandstone by some geologists, but owing to the sharpness, of its granular structure, it may be regarded as a repetition of drifted sand from the Grampians and Scandinavian mountains, and which is still met with along the river Dee, in the Forest of Braemar, Aberdeenshire. It suggests how denudations of granite, at different periods of time, may have supplied the material of sandstones differing in colour from red to white. In tracing the orighi of sandstone to granite partly, its variety of colour, the abrasion it has undergone, and its distribution as tidal drift, we seem carried back again to the primary groups of rocks. Starting, therefore, from LAKE DISTRICT. 993 crTstalliue rocks in situ, we follow tidal channels until we learn that tliey still remain the same as of old. The vast masses of conglomerate that overlie the southern escarpment of the Grampians, inform us about the patli taken by much of the material which finally swelled out the structure of the Penine chain. We may find differ- ences in the hardness of material drifted on the channels here pointed out, and in their degree of comminution ; yet a process of drift along a flowing tideway helps to account for such differences satisfactorily, as well as the progressive clianges which calcareous, carbonaceous, bituminous, basaltic, fossiliferous, and interstratified admixtures, have l^nt to silicious strata electro- chemically. Tracing out a series of sedimentary dates according to these terms, leads to the true base of the Penine chain — namely, old red sandstone ascending progressively to the close of a lower millstone grit. A flowing tide wave first assorted the U-iaterials of drift agreeable to laws of physical force, and finally deposited them on ground where these forces were exhausted. Such is the fault of the Penine chain. Material has been rolled up a low inclined plane from the north-east, while its several beds have been scoured off from the westward. And sucli are the true waves of translation, again and again repeated, where an eastern wave ran into direct collision with a pair of western waves. Yellow Sandstone, the Lower Limestone, and Lower Coal. — Piecur- ring to what has gone before, and to the origin of sandstone, as the debris of a previous crystalline structure, we have next to trace the channels of drift from the arctic circle southwards. Conformably to the laws of centrifugal forces, there is a distribution of material from Polar regions, chiefly along meridional lines, eccentrically decided in the old world and the new world alike. The state of the earth, at the close of an old red sandstone and low^er mill- stone grit formation, must obviously have been different from what it now is, while a globe composed mainly of mud was undergoing inconceivably rapid changes in the deepening of some channels, the filling up of others, and the lowering of waters into those deepened channels — subduing and smoothing the proud waves of a once mighty ocean. At this date, also, crystallization and induration were but in progress, as electro-chemically carried on in the gigantic laboratory of an excited ocean, acting on huge admixtures of materials. Hence immense denudations of imperfectly cemented crystals, and indurated masses of mud, w^ent into the composition of newer sandstone beds, the first sequencer of which has been already treated upon. Out of this chaos of primeval events, a smoother ocean sunk into deepened channels, and the first dry land arose amidst the great deeps. Such were the Scandinavian mountaius, and the Grampians of Scotland. A genial climate then probably pervaded these hills, but little raised above the sea level; and while electro-chemical agency was actively at work beneath, a rapid and rank vegetation sprang into being, and in the shallow waters that washed in their bases. Bituminous and carbonaceous products were the result. 994 GEOLOGY OF THE Lime at tbatdate, held chiefly in a state of solution, assimilated with carbonic products, and provided vast stores of nutriment for animated nature to feed upon. Creation burst into life, and left records of its progress — an index for science, and an exponent of the iVlmighty fiat that had gone forth. Silicious and aluminous materials were henceforth subjected to a chemical process, which frequently discharged a portion of their colouring matter. By such process, old red sandstone passed into yellow sandstone. A section taken across Stratheden, at Strathmiglo, from the Ochil hills on the north, and through the Lomonds on the south, affords a distinct instance thereof, and also of under-lying basalt. At Edinburgh Castle similar phenomena are repeated, and also at Salisbury Craggs, Bambrough Castle, Dunstoubroagh Castle, and Eatcheugh in Northumberland, consimilar facts are attested. Tracing a conformable structure through Northumberland from Ratcheugh, by Bavington to Thirlwall, we so far ascertain the several equivalents of old red sandstone, a lower millstone grit, and yellow sandstone, in an ascending series, until interstratified by a lower limestone and a lower coal, as found in a transverse section of Stratheden, at Strathmiglo ; and a section taken from Shap Wells to Dudley Pike, affords a similar instance of transition in sand- stones, from the old red to the yellow, interstratified by a lower limestone. From these records of the past we learn, through the chemical influence of vegetation, the several changes which bituminous and carbonaceous ingre- dients effected on sandstones, from the old red to the new red — precipitating lime at one date, and providing the material of coal at another. Basalt. — The place held by basalt in the carboniferous system, and throughout the Penine chain of hills, a region intimately blended with the Geology of the Lake District, here claims a careful notice. Like the material of other sedimentary rocks, with which it is found interstratified, little need- be said about its origin; it is merely a deposit composed of ordinary mud, blended with some twenty or tw^enty-five per cent, of iron ; while iron itself is a primary metal coeval wdth the earths, and, under given conditions, an electro-chemical firebrand. Taken as a motive force driven onwards by oceanic torrents, and in a finely comminuted state, mechanical laws, within given atomic proportions, have a tendency to separate it from sand and clay, which may be even deposited lineally by its side at the same time. In other words, its laws of aggregation being regulated by affinity and atomic proper- ties, beds of sandstone may be deposited against it, and there find a place of rest, where an exhausted force had occurred amidst an ocean of waters. And here we need not go further into a problem, which the progress of science may probably solve at some future time, if it do not show that vegetation has been concerned in the precipitation of ferruginous bases, and of lime also. We have indeed a complete chain of evidence from old red sandstone to new red sandstone, that vegetation has stamped its records upon this ti'ansition in sandstones, in colours, products, and interstratifications, at each period of their deposition, as well as ozoically. In its course of drift out of northern deeps, basalt is found on the Isle of Skye, and on Canna, Rum, Eig, Muck, Staffa, Mull, and Eathlin; being r LAKE DISTEICT. 995 tlien spread over a large area of ground in Antrim, it has rounded the Mull of Cantyre, is met with in the Isle of Arran, has gone into Perthshire and the vale of Glasgow and Edinburgh extensively, by both Cantyre and Peterhead. Having rounded St. Abb's Head, it is met with on Holy Island, at Fenwick, BeKord, Bambrough, Beadnell, Dunstonbrough, Ratcheugh, Alnwick, West Harle, the Roman Wall, Greenhead, and Temon in Cumberland, in a con- tinuous chain of depositions. From tbis long line of drift and beaches of the sea, at a common date, it has gone to compose the great whinsill of the Alston Moor district, which may be said to include the Crossfell range of mountains underlying the whole of this ground in an unbroken form, and as a base, without any reference to the undulations of hill and dale piled above it. At Caiidon Snout and neighbourhood, however, as well as along the Tees, from thence to the High Force Waterfall, it presents vast detached masses where precipitous scours aad denudations are seen produced, ere it had under- gone complete induration. So far it is either met with in strata, as is the case in the Alston district, or in massive ridges, as between North Tyne and Greenhead ; or in isolated masses, as at Stirling, Edinburgh, Bambrough, Dunstonbrough, and Ratcheugh ; and, in the neighbourhood of Bavington, it forms a number of isolated patches. In every instance its figure and form exhibit a low angle towards an ancient sea, and a precipitous front along its opposite range. These are proofs of the wondrous exactness with w^hich tidal forces have drifted basalt on given localities, and deposited it apart from sandstone and limestone. Yie have next to trace it along the great Whindyke, which starts at Petteril Crooks, in Cumberland, and runs in a tolerably direct course through the eastern Moorlands of Yorkshire to Fylingdale Moor, a few miles south-west from Robin Hood's Bay — a space of ground exceeding one hundred miles in length. The facts of w^hich this dyke afford an example are remarkable. It mostly assumes the form of a perpendicular wall, from eighteen to thirty feet in thickness, is sometimes swelled out in breadth conformably to its rise iu elevation, often traverses the centres of elongated ridges, and is frequently cut away entirely where its course crosses deep vales. Thus it rises suddenly from the bed of the Petteril, undulates in height correspondingly with Little Barwick, Great Barwick, and Castle Huglien. It forms the well-known bay at Armathwaite, and rises rapidly from the bed of the river Eden to the summit of Combe Pike, Nap ton Common, and Ruckcroft ; and yet is not seen to cross the deep vale of Crogiin Water at Dale, though it ascends to the top of Cringle Dyke, Whinfell, and Scalerigg. At Renwick, it is seen crossing Raven Beck, and entering Hartside, in the direction of Haresceugh Castle, making its appearance near the seventh milestone from Alston to Penrith ; from thence it is not seen for some miles, until it appears at Tynehead Mill, taking the direction of Middleton in Teesdale, and Bolam. It is frequently broken at intervals in approaching the vale of the Tees, but is seen at Yarm. Its form is well developed at 3 Q 996 GEOLO&Y OF THE Stanton, in Yorkshire, where it has been quarried to a great extent. Passing by Langbaurgh and Liverrock ridges, the southern shoulder of Roseberry Topping and Cooke's Hill, it is found shedding the waters of a vale into Cleveland westward, and Eskdale eastward. After passing through the north- east shoulder of the hill of Castleton, it is missing for some miles along the vale of Castleton and Danby. At Claughton-beck it reappears, and takes the vale of Eskdale to Egton Bridge, near to which it is quarried extensively. Again, ascending by Goadland, it cuts its way through a high range of moor- land, to the very summits of the hills, by Maybeck, to its terminus on Eylingdale Moor ; but is not seen crossing Fylingdale to the eastward. A careful examination of the ground which this remarkable structure traverses, would seem to place it among deposits, coeval in date with the rest of the basaltic class ah'eady described, and of the deposits also which rest against its tw^o sides. In no other form of physics does its formation appear admissible. Neither a wall of mud, nor of Plutonic silt, could remain self- sustained, unless shored along its sides by contemporaneous deposits, much less overhang its base. Nor is it in any way even probable, that ejected lava should agree with the several conditions here brought under notice. A look from the parish stone on Hartside, in the direction of Petteril Crooks, brings under view a chain of high and continuous ridges, cut across by Ravenbeck, Croglin Water, and the river Eden. It may be said these are points of denudation. Granted : then the very agent of denudation has deposited this change of ridges as they now stand, bisected by channels of drainage, while the basalt traverses their central heights. An admission of denudation, therefore, dispels at once all the illusions of central domes — ■ Strabo's slippery hypothesis — and weaves of translation, placing a wall of iron in the centre of a chain of hills. For such is the fact — a fact that proves all that Neptunian Geology claims — laws of drifts concentrically and eccentrically expressed by physical forces. The separation of basaltic silt from sandy materials, by a pair of parallel tide waves, as illustrated by this dyke, it may be said, is too refined for credence. Are the motions of the planetary system less so? Everj^ swimming force is finally true to its physical conditions — as true as the earth's motion on its poles ; a cause of its polarity may be the distribution of land and water upon its surface, ever steadying its action by their relative figure deciding the movement of the great deeps, as originally determined by physical ascendency, or the primary separation of mud and water. Coeval with this sedimentary formation, a basaltic line of drift may be traced from Berrier to Sunderland, near Cockermouth. It composes the chief material of Binsey also, and skirts the northern escarpment of Caldbeck Fells. Carboniferous Limestone interstratified by Sandstone and Slate Clay. — The position of basalt among the sandstone group of sedimentary strata, like a cornice in an edifice, shows what was completed before, and what afterwards. From Dunstonbrough to Temon,- and from Petteril Croolvs to Fylingdale Moor, it marks the exact shores of a deep bay, at a common date, along with all its tidal-movements, whether parallel or counter-currents. LAKE DISTRICT. 997 We also observe that, at this period of time, a south-west tide wave had been barred off from a north-east and a north-west wave — from the Old Man Mountain to Fountains Fell — excepting the confined channel of the Lune and its tributary streamlets. On these new physical conditions, therefore, the several tide waves had begun to flow among barriers previously formed. The north-west wave taking the shore of Dunstonbrough on a southern bearing, suddenly fell into a deep bay on Temon and Petteril Crooks ; and rebounding on an angle of incidence, took partly the northern parallel of the basaltic dyke into Eobin Hood's Bay, so that the Solway wave, partly divided into two parallel waves by the old red sandstone of Melmerby and Dufton, and barred from the Lune by the old red sandstone of Shap Abbey, Shap Wells, and Eaisebeck Common, bore directly upon Harwood-dale in Yorkshire, and along the southern parallel of the great basaltic dyke. Hence a southern wave had begun to run in direct courses into a great bay, barred northward by Palaeozoic schist and old red sandstone, and in collision with the north-east and south-east wave, from Fountains Fell by Talk-on-the-hill, to the borders of North Wales. From this date, then, in treating on the approaches to the Lake District, Geology exhibits a sedimentary progress merely in the filling of three great bays placed apart from one another, east, west, and south, or Northumberland and Durham, the Solway, and Morecambe and Mersey Bays. On the east, we find a bay shored by basalt for about one hundred and forty miles — that is, from Dunstonbrough by Temon, and the Alston Whinsili to Fylingdale Moor or Robin Hood's Bay. These conditions, at a date distinctly made out, and similar throughout the Hartside, Crossfell, and Alston district, give a deep interest to the question of what had been completed before the deposition of the great Whinsili, and what followed after ; and more especially so from its being indirectly connected with what some choose to call a "great fault," though nothing remarkable in itself, being merely a sedimentary result of stratification, occurring almost everywhere throughout the Penine chain of hills. Admitting that this so called "fault" runs from Talkin on the north, to teyond Settle on the south, a space of more than sixty miles, it is merely a line of tidal collision, east and west, at a specific date. In the Alston and Crossfell district, the stratification has been ascertained or estimated to the extent of 1,524 feet in thickness. As a part of this sum, eleven beds of limestone, 372 feet in thickness, are below the whinsili, and intcrstratified by 648 feet of sandstone and slate clay ; then comes the whinsili, GO feet in thickness, and which is immediately overlaid by the Tyne-bottom limestone, so called from its being seen in the bed of the river Tyne at Garrigill. Above the whinsili, there are eight beds of limestone 186 feet in thickness, intcrstratified by 358 feet of sandstone, making together 444 feet. By dividing these data into three parts — the upper including the whinsili, the middle part, or one half of vvha;t lies below the whinsili, and the lowest part, which is the remainder below — we shall find with what remarkable equality this mass of sandstone and slate clay has been proportionally inter- stratified by beds of limestone. 998 GEOLOGY OF THE In recapitulation, vre have in descending series Parts of the whole. ^'°;5 Feet in ^l"^^- 1 Thick- stone 1 ^^.^ Beds. : ^^^'• Sandstone and Slate Clay in R. Total Thickness in Feet. Proportion of Limestone. To the beds of Saad- stone and Slate Clay. Upper. Middle. Lowest. 8 1 186 7 189 .1= i 183 t 318 3-21 327 504 510 510 100 to 169 100 „ 170 100 „ 178 Total. 19 ' 553 9fi8 1 1,524. lAY. 100 „ 172 1 1 ! These result-s in the proportional deposition of Hmestone, as interstratified -vsith sandstone and slate clay, exhibit uncommon regalarityin the sedimentary law by which they have been alternately assimilated, in a structure 1,5'24 feet in thickness. The fact of their being so interstratified, and yet separated by a physical force, would seem to prove a strong atomic tendency to definite proportions, in rolling admixtures deposited by a stream of water unfolding an organic law in balanced forces applicable to the universe, if not equivalent to electro-chemical ascendency, operating through the agency of highly excited waters on muddy materials in a state of admixture, and placing such mud under organic terms of mecha,uical forces brought into a state of equilibrium, in which all being has resolved itself into nature's laws, as expressed in the pure language of a Creator's fiat. We shall here return to the " greatest fault" in Europe, so called by those who have failed to interpret the laws and form of, drift. Were the length of such fault taken at sixty miles from north to south, and its breadth some twenty miles, we should have an area of 1,200 square miles, presenting a continuous base, with a superstructure of hill and valley piled thereon, like so muchstatuaiy chiselled off by denudation ; and yet denudationis not reckoned a fault, because it merely exposes an older base. For instance, were a section of twenty miles taken north-eastward, from Melmerby and through Crossfell, we should find a descending base of old red sandstone, and an ascending series of limestone slate-clay, and sandstone beds in alternate order, until we got to the whinsill and Tyne-bottom limestone, wherever come at, and forming a regular and unbroken base throughout. But the superstructure piled upon this base is, notwithstanding, a series of hills and valleys, in which the several strata are cut away by denudation while in a state of softness, so as to bring out regular slopes on the sides of the hills. As an example, IMiddle Fell in xAJston has finely rounded declivities on all sides as if scoured away by a tidal wave, and yet its beds of stratification dip very slightly. Hence the beds which compose the upper structure of that mountain, are none of them extended beyond its sides ; but the older beds — the whinsill among the rest — which foiTa its base, are extended beneath the LAKE DISTETOT. 999 valleys throughout. It cannot, then, be an uplifted pile, as the base denies a corresponding state of disturbance. Any upheaving would, therefore, seem a physical impossibility, and its form attributable to denudation by a tide wave alone. The constancy of the whinsill, in its true place, is indeed conclusive ; and a similar rule applies to a tract of country, as described before, 1,200 square miles in extent. Graygarth Fell, Whernside in Dent, Ingleborough, Penyghent, and Foun- tains Fell — each and all are seen resting on a continuous base of Palaeozoic schist, while their upper beds are uniformly cut away by a tidal scour ; lime- stone in nearly horizontal strata, in the first place, as well as in their newer beds in ascending series, to the very summits of these mountains — every one of which stands a detached pile of strata, until a continuous base is arrived at, which links them together like twins of a common origin. Besides, in figure and elevation they present a similar aspect, as if cast in a common mould, and bearing directly on a south-west tide wave as it now runs. Scoured and cut away alike to the summit of each, they are but extraordinary piles of deposition and denudation, in correspondence with the undulations of the earth's surface generally. Obvious and unanswerable facts, therefore, go to show that Neptunian drift, amidst oceanic torrents, had furrowed the primeval surface of our globe ; and that very little hoiizontal stratification had been extensively formed, until broad levels, as those of Russia, had been sheltered by huge barriers cast around them. The true waves of translation are indeed those of Neptune's handy-work, diminishing in power, according as these proud waves sunk into the self-made and mighty channels in which they now spend their fury. In short, every hill and valley of our island, when closely examined in structure, attests the ravages of denudation, from the gorges and passes of Braemar to the levels of Cambridge and Lincolnshire. Caebontferous Limestone in the immediate Lake District. — What has been already said under this head, on an enlarged scale, sheds much light on deposits less complete at a corresponding date. A line drawn from Hensing- ham to Kirby Stephen, and in continuation to the source of the river Eden, along the frontier of a PalEeozoic schist, old red sandstone and basaltic formation, exhibits a chain of carboniferous limestone deposits, along every sinuosity of older formations ; yet a constant inequality in the order and thickness of its beds would seem to come nearer to a rule than to an exception. The Distington limestone may be looked upon as an appendant to Weddiker Piigg, westward therefrom, and that of Hensingham, Cleator, Lamplugh, a deposit in a previously vacant furrow, between Weddiker on the west thereof, and Dent and Blakefell eastv/ard. It is met with north-eastward from Lamplugh, on the base of an older series, atPardshaw,Brigham,Bridekirk,Blindcrake, and Sunderland, falling back north-westward to Tallentire, turning there to Gilcrux eastward ; and thence roundnig the declivities of a chain of hills by Parsonby, Threapland, Bothal, Torpenhow, and Ireby, to Ruthwaite. It next lines the opposite side of the river Ellen, by Uldale, Aughertree, Sandal, and Boltongate, to Quarry hill, 1000 GEOLOGY OF THE vv-liere it turns at a point anti-clinally, and goes by Smitliv-brow, Catlands, and Cleamire, to Brocklebauk, falling back upon Brovairigg, by Paddy-gilJ, AYlielpa, and Caldbeck, to Hesket-Nevr-Market. It is then found at Warnel, Southernby, Berrier, and Penruddock, where it falls back on Greystoke and Johnby ; and recommencing its course Joy Stainton, Pooley, Shap, Orton Moor, Ashby Moor, and Stenkirth-bridge, to Mallerstang, and the source of the river Eden. This line of outcrop takes a general level of the hills with remarkable continuity, in a sinuous and spiculated outline by no means mantle- shaped, around a previously uplifted dome ; but deposited along the shore of an ancient sea with wondrous exactness, falling back as the hills fall back, and again advancing as they do so, like debris cast upon the seashore, and moulded to its creeks and bays in all its winding forms. For example, it does not cross the vale of the river Ellen directly from Torpenhow to Quarry-hill, as laid down on geological maps, but rounds the ancient estuary of the river Ellen along its former shores, from Torpenhow to Quarry-hill. This shows how maps, constructed by a " shppery hypothesis," fail altogether in the de- scribing of facts in detail, however laboriously such facts may have been gathered by the chipping of rocks. The Xeptunian Geology corrects such errors at a glance, by merely tracing out the ordinaiy levels of an ancient sea-shore. Passing over many other circumstances which might have been dwelt upon in the district fi'om Cleator to Trimby, we may notice the range of hills shedding their waters northward into the river Eden, and southward into that of the Lune, from Wasdale Cragg to Piavenstoudale. Here the entire structure of the ground is laid open, even so plainly that a passenger by railway, from Clifton to Tebay, may observe the leading features of its stratification ; show- ing it to -be a depository type of Ingleborough and Penyghent, or a denuded pile raised upon a low and regular base of old red sandstone, as if it were a continuation of Crossfell, a repetition of which it really is on a reduced scale. This base appears undisturbed, laid between the exhausted forces of the Eden and the Lune, and dipping on a low angle north-eastward. Here the law of deposition is obvious. VYhile the waters of the Eden rolled material up a low inclined plane, and those of the Lune down such plane on both sides of the ridges, the ends of the several beds of stratification have been cut away by these respective tidal forces. Here we shall go to the south-west tide wave. At the close of Palaeozoic schist and old red sandstone deposits, this wave necessarily fell perpendicularly on a shore of the sea, previously spiculated and distorted in form by vast torrents from the southward, having been broken thereon, from Black Combe on the west to Fountains Fell on the east ; flowing into a bay some sixty miles across, from Furness on the north to Xorth Wales on the south ; and now a tract of land which bounds parts of Westmoreland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Lancashke, Cheshire, and North Wales. Hence the deposition of limestone, within the boundaries of the extensive bay, took its course of drift along the channels of Morecambe Bay, the river Lune, the Babble, and the Mersey, branching out along then several tributary streams. LAKE DISTEICT. lOOi Conformable to these conditions at the date of a carboniferous limestone deposit, running nearly on a right angle towards the courses then taken by a north-east and a north-west wave, that material was, by a drifting agent, laid either in longitudinal patches along the older valleys, which are situate between the Duddon and the Lune, or in advance of those valleys, as at Beetham and Farlton, Arnside, and Wharton Cragg. These deposits, perfectly coincident with a line of drift which is still the same, are admitted to be entirely at fault with any central dome, which a dorsal spine, composed of azoic schist, exhibits to the northward of this ground ; for all the tidal furrows of this foreground run nearly at right angles upon such spine. Yet these obvious interpretations of a depository law seem a perplexing puzzle to those who neglect facts to which physical forces lend satisfactory proofs, that our earth is by no means like a broken potsherd ; but the regularly-devised scheme of an electro-chemical pile, bringing out results through nature's laboratory. Eastward of the Lune, Greygarth Fell, Whern side, Ingleborough,Penyghent, and Fountains Fell, present limestone as the lowest member of a series of piles raised upon a common base composed of Palaeozoic schist ; and on the fore- ground of these respective piles, from Ingleton beyond Settle, a large deposition of limestone has occurred, more especially to the eastward of Austick. In the valley of the Hoddor, a talus of limestone is met with at Sykes, Newton, and Stainburn, and expanding on the line of drift to the north-east. At Clithero, also a similar talus is found under-lying Pendle-hill, and broadly extended to the north-east up Malhamdale, and beyond Skipton. To the southwa^rd of Pendle-hill, and between Colne and the Etherow, along the Penine chain, limestone is not met with, until the great field occupied by that rock in Derbyshire is arrived at ; and we also find it lining the northern shore of North Wales at this date ; determining the advanced boundaries of the great bay just pointed out, at the completion of carboniferous limestone deposits, showing in every respect an exact agreement between the figure and direction of these deposits, and the drifting force to which they are attributable. The want of this material in so large a portion of the Penine chain, between Colne and the Etherow, may be assigned to ordinary laws of denudation. Limestone Shale and the Upper Millstone Grit. — These deposits immediately followed that of carboniferous limestone, and its vast accompany- ing beds, as seen in the Alston Moor district, affording a few thin seams of coal ; and alike finished the main outlines of each basin in connexion with the Lake District, on the north-east, the north, and the south, for the reception of the coal measures. It may be enough here to say, ia general terms, that a shore of millstone grit was at this date formed along the land side of the bay of Northumberland and Durham. In the bay of the Solway also, a similar shore is met with along its southern border, from Hensingham to Appleby, while an extended outlyer intervenes between the rivers Eden and Petteril, commencing at Great and Little Barrock on the north, and extending to Whinfell Parks in W^estmoreland on lOOi^ GEOLOGY OF I'flE the south, and of which the well-known Lazonby flagstone is a good specimen. A remarkable feature of this field of millstone grit is, that its beds are excessively broken into patches, owing to its base having given way in the eirly stages of its deposition ; so that, in quarrying these flagstones, the work- men have to encounter an endless disturbance of its beds. On the borders of the ancient bay, to the south of the Lake District, the limestone shale and millstone grit formations, there drifted i?i situ, aS'ord an important link in the industrial prospects of our country — detennining, as they do, the extent of workable coal within the widely-spread basin of the Mersey. Along the shores of Morecambe Bay, these formations have been swept away by retreating torrents descending from the hills on the foreground of an Azoic and Palaeozoic structure, except to the south-east, where they occupy a vast and conspicuous space of ground that had not been previously silted up by older drift, and composing the hills that enclose the trough of Bowland on the north, the west, and the south, along with foreground brought forwards to Poulton, Lancaster, Garstang, and Preston. The range of Pendle-hill so far only closes up the southern limits of these formations, Nvhile the Ingleton coal-field, deposited along a vacant trough among these hills, does the same on the north. It was then that an eastern shore to this great bay was constructed, extend- ing from Colne on the north to Cheadle on the south ; and at the close of this date, an axis composed of the millstone grit formation was deposited also on central bearings, w^hich may be taken from Ormskirk on the w'est, through Haslingden to the Hamilton-hills eastv/ards, completing an augulated chain of hills, with deep bays intervening, that now separate the basins of the Piibble and the Mersey. Coal Measures. — The structure of hill and dale at the close of an upper millstone grit, the configuration of which had sheltered embayed waters, prepared a frame of ground for the reception of coal and its accompanying beds of drift, liable to depressions, slips, and other disorders in stratification. As a reservation, by the waj^ thin beds of coal are found between the yellow sandstone and the close of an upper millstone grit. Some of these beds are placed in almost horizontal strata, near the tops of the mountains, of which Penyghent and Winter Fell, near Chorley, are examples. The Whitehaven coal-field, in the ancient bay of Solway, seems lapped around the terminus of the Hensingham limestone, which ends a lineal course on the bearings of St. Bee's Head, where a north-west tide-wave still sheds its waters northwards and southwards. Conformably with this incident in the tides, the Whitehaven coal-field is not extended to the south of St. Bee's Head. From Whitehaven, then, northvrard only, the coal measures form an advanced shore of this ancient bay, by Harrington, Workington, Flimby Moor, Dearham, Gilcrux, Bolton, Rosely, and Sebergham, until cut short to the eastward of Netherscales, by the millstone grit of Scratchmell, Lazonby, and Penrith Beacon. On reference to what has been said concerning a former north-easteni bay-^ LAKE DISTRICT. 1003 nowXorthumbeiiaud and Durham — it is only necessary to observe here, that it has been tilled up or underlaid by the coal measures, from Boomer on the north to Hartlepool on the south. But the southern bay has been almost entirely denuded of the coal measures to the northward of this sinuous ridge of millstone grit, the axis of which goes from Ormskirk to Haslingden, with the exception of the Ingleton and Burnley coal-fields, the latter of which is syuclinally placed between Peudle-hill on the north, and the Hamilton hills ou the south thereof; while the material of coal, in the former instance, has been drifted and stranded on the ancient escarpment of Ingleborough, by no means as a fault, but in a regular sequence of deposition, as determined by previous incidents, according to which denudation had stript off the entire series from Palaeozoic schist to the coal measures, reversing the dip of strati- fication in a common Neptunian order of events. On these previous terms, therefore, the ancient bay of the Mersey, and its tributary drainage courses, formed a field of the coal measures apart by itself, the boundaries of which on the north were the central axis of Ormskirk and Haslingden, on w^hich a series of deep bays was anciently formed along the Sankey Valley, and vales of Wigan and Chorley, Bolton and Longworth, Bury and Rawtenstall, Rochdale and Littleborough. Hence, Wigan, Bolton, Bury, and Rochdale, are each of them placed on the borders of a widely ex- tended field of coal southward. Oldham and Ashton-under-Line, also, are situate on the eastern borders of this great field of coal, resting on the declivities of the Penine chain of hills. On the southern boundaries of this bay, also, drained into the valley of the Dee, the coal measures of Flintshire and Denbighshire are seen cropping out from under the red marl and saliferous system of Cheshire. Viewing, at the same time, the relative positions of the North Staffordshire coal-field, and that of Shrewsbury, in connexion with a channel of drift traced into the bay of the Mersey, it may be fairly inferred, on the premises already given, that an area of ground occupied by a red marl and saliferous formation, is underlaid by the coal measures at a m.oderate depth. Should this be so, there is a store of coal so vast as to remove all fears of a deficient supply for ages to come. New Red Sandstone, Magnesian Limestone, Alabaster, or Gypsum, AND Diluvial Beds. — At the commencement of this group of deposits, the ancient bays of the north, north-east, and south, had each of them diminished in area, and changed in outlines of shore, agreeably to the laws of drift. That of the north, along its southern shore, had become much more even in outline, from Maryport by Aspatria, and Westward Church to Netherscales. Here the outlying deposit of millstone grit, between the Petteril and the Eden, came in the way ; and yet the new red sandstone in the valley of the Eden reassumed a contracting space of ground as if neither that formation, nor the chain of basalt from Little Barrock to Renwick, had laid in its direct course. While a Solway-tide w'ave, therefore, from Maryport to Netherscales, ran along a'convex shore, and had a tendency to that shore on the opposite coast of Scotland, the Sol way wave running hneally thereon had furrowed its borders 3 Q 3 I 1 004- GEOLOGY OF THE more deeply, so that the new red sandstone of Dumfriesshire is found iu gorges, different in form from those of Cumberland — proving with what exact- ness geological formations may be traced out almost at a glance, b}^ accepting physical laws of drift as a safe guide to incidental facts. And here magnesian limestone, and gypsum, on the side of Cumberland, come strangely in the way. The former is met with on a line projected from St. Bee's Head on Little Barrock, and the latter from the same locality beyond Little Barrock, wanting, however, in long spaces of ground between these extreme points. It is, howeyer, in the diluvial beds of the plain of Wigton and Carlisle, that we witness depository laws of drift in all their exactness of minute details ; and, as the true types of older structures, concentrically and eccen- trically eliminated in beautiful series of hill and dale, as physically expressed along the northern escarpment of the Lake District. Southwards from St. Bee's Head, a large area of new red sandstone now forms the shore of the sea, in advance of Azoic and Palgeozoic formations, from Dent by Black Combe, to Lindal in Furness. Here the consideration of the stratified beds at the head of this section, in reference to a north-east and a southern bay, may be closed, as their locality has become somewhat distant from the Lake District. Tidal Phenomena. — Wherever we take our stand wdthin the limits of the Lake District, proofs of tidal influence are brought into notice. The sym- metrical grandeur which a yiew of Uileswater presents to the eye, as seen from the lake, embodies in the imagination furious torrents furrowing an Alpine region set in all the depths of shadow, and with grticefully rounded brows. Cast the eye on the gorge of Borrowdale from Friar's Cragg, and, in the language of Professor Sedgwick, we detect " the beating of the sea upon the edges of the old contorted slates," ere those slates had been transfused, by electro-chemical agency, out of mud and into rock. Nor is Buttermere less noted for wild grandeur, as seen on the bare frontal of Honistar Cragg, W'here Neptune's chisellings are deeply struck. Ennerdale and Wastwater, also, afford similar instances of these fearful strokes which the proud waves haye left, whilst those deep and magnificent furrowings ranging up Laugdale, as seen from the bosom of the Windermere Lake, equally remind us of mighty torrents beating on mountains of azoic schist, originally composed of plastic mud, now modelled into normal carvings and lovely vales. And nowhere are these beautiful and varied instances of the sublime more broadly mapped out than along the southern escarpment of those hills which lie extended from Black Combe to Gatesgarth, at the head of Long Sleddale. Indeed, these holy vestiges of a former world, composed out of mud, and moulded by the guidance of Infinite Wisdom, would seem to owe their match- less charms in a compressed form to centricity of hill and dale, constructed by a triple collision of tide-wayes conformable to channels along which they still flow. Sea-Beaches, Scabs, and Cateens in Limestone, and Instances of LAKE DISTEICT. 1005 Tidal ScouEiNa thereon, or Scriddled Limestone. — ^Among the proofs of elevated sea-beaches, at an early date, none are more remarkably developed tiian the parallel roads of Glen Roy. Had these roads been either works of art, or the effects of glaciers gradually descending from the hills, there must have been remains of debris about them in witness of their origin. These are wholly wanting. They are, indeed, beaches of the sea, scoured off the face of the material deposited, ere it had undergone induration. Hence, as seen in descend- ing gorges of intersection, they are ancient beaches of the sea, cut away from •what is now a solid rock, and are by no means the only instances of similar records in the Highlands of Scotland. The azoic schist formation in the Lake District is celebrated also for the grandeur of its scars, as already given in the last section. Those met with, out out of limestone, are equally so. Such are Whitbarrow Scar and Scout Scar, near Kendal ; Giggleswick Scar, Castlebar, Stainforth Scar, and Austic Scar, in the neighbourhood of Settle in Yorkshire ; Malham Cove and Goredale in Malhamdale ; and Kelso Cragg in Kettlewell. Each and all attest the breaching or abrading force of a south-west tide-wave running upon older barriers, lying directly across the line of its -advance, and breaking in torrents on the face of newer deposits, ere the induration of those deposits had been completed. A limestone formation coeval in date, taking its course along the northern escarpment of the same district, from Hensingham to the river Eamont, holding its sedimentary course along the edge of a previous structure, in a free and smooth line, presents none of those instances attributable to tidal violence, a few instances of large swallow holes excepted. But no sooner do we reach the northern aspect of the chain of hills, from Shap to Crosby Garret, where a southern wave has obviously spent its force in breaking on these hills in a northern direction, than many thousands of acres are met with, covered over by scoured, or what is locally called scriddled, limestone. Some parts of this ground are indeed so completely and broadly spread over by such limestone, as to impart a notion that a far-extending stony desert is spread around us. On the southern aspect of this chain of hills, however, the scoured limestone ceases from their summits, and lines of sea-beaches run for many miles in succession along their declivities, while a number of cross scoui's, at the w^atershed points of the ridge, again and again show the exact direction which these torrents of water have taken at an ancient date, leaving no doubt about the hand that has written these eternal records of the past in legible characters. Along the western escarpment of the Hartside and Crossfell range, also, a few traces of sea-beaches are met with, between Castle Carrock on the north, and Duftou on the south. Beyond Dufton, how^ever, the gorge of High Copedale presents a circuit of splendid scars and terrace-formed ground along their upper borders. Again, between Murton and Stainmore, Melfell, Eoman Fell, Warcop Fell, and Warcop Scar, standing over against Smardale, from whence a line tide-wave bore upon these frontals ; conspicuous lines of sea-beaches are found, and instances of scoured limestone may be traced from thence across the Stainmore pass into Yorkshire. I 1006 GEOLOGY OF THE In farther examining a chain of hills which shed their waters into the Eden and the Lime, we find the figure, elevation, and composition of Shap Thorn, Dudley Pike, Bousfield Pike, Orton Scars, Powston Knott, and Ashbj Scar, so nearly alike, and conformable to laws of drift, that we may fairly attribute them to a common origin, a composition of tide-waves as they yet flow. Besides, near the summits of these hills, 1,300 feet above the present sea-level, swarms of ozoic products are found, evincing that creatures of a former state of the world had there lived and sported among eddies and shallow waters, where exhausted waves broke and curled in playful circles around them ; but it is on the foreground of the carboniferous limestone, deposited by a south-west tide-wave, that we are to look for those multitudinous instances of ancient beaches of the sea, which might be expected to accompany the great scar limestone already referred to. Wharton Cragg, Yealand, Arnside, Storth Cragg, Beetham, and Haverbreak, to the south-west of Miln- thorpe, accordingly afford marked examples of these beaches, and Dalton Fell and Farlton Knott of scoured and scriddled limestones. These are respectively seen from the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway. It is not, however, until we reach Chapel-le-Dale, some miles to the eastward of this locality, that the most complete and beautiful instances of these ancient sea-beaches are met with ; and the best view to be taken of them is gained by descending that dale along the Hawes and Orton road on Ingleton, holding Whernside in Dent to the right, and Ingleborough on the left hand. Similar in configuration to the parallel roads of Glen Roj^ there are denudations in which the rock is cut away along their terraces, succeeded by a beach, on an angle of about forty-five degrees, composed of disorderly blocks of limestone, resembling lumps of earth, similar to a beach along Burgh Marsh in Cum- berland, where the Sol way tide-wave is encroaching on the land. The lowest of these beaches has all the appearance of a well-formed creek of the Solway, except that the material is rock in one instance, and lumps of earth in the other, brought down by the breaching agency of the flowing tide. Like the roads of Glen Roy, also, there is a triple parallelism of these beaches, on the declivities of both Ingleborough and Whernside, coequal in elevations, while the very summit of Ingleborough is encircled by a sea-beach, succeeded by a spacious plateau, sufficient in extent for a race course, and affording proofs that these several incidents have occurred while the material of the mountains was in a state of comparative softness. Here we find, also, the true manner in which cavern^ have been formed ; the Weathercote Cavern being a large sunken pit in the bed of the stream, occasioned by its descent through beds of limestone, which were scoured away ere induration had been completed, until falling upon a solid structure of Palaeozoic schist impervious to water, it is brought out to day again at the point where limestone is first seen resting upon a base of schist ; and higher up Chapel-le-Dale, on both the lower declivities of Ingleborough andPenyghent, similar caverns are very frequently met with, doubtless the same in origin. In this dale there are also extensive areas of ground, so thickly overspread by scoured limestone, as to induce an illusion in sunny weather that there are sheets of w^ater where none are to be found ; and it may be here- stated, LAKE DISTEICT. IGOT that the upper beds of limestone shale which underlie the summit of Ingle- borough at an elevation exceeding 2,000 feet above the sea level, abound with ozoic remains, the inhabitants of a former sea that has gone down into the deepened furrovvs of the ocean, scoured out by forces of gravitation, ere Infinite Wisdom had completed the world's works. In this locahtj, also, on the brow of AVhernside, Yorda's Cave is one of those extraordinary excavations, which torrents of water, descending through open beds of limestone, have effected. Clapham Cave, on the southern slopes of Ingleborough, is another of those wondrous caverns, produced by a streamlet falling through beds of limestone at Gappinghole upon a base of schist, and then scouring away a channel for itself into Clapdale. Still further eastward, on Malham Moor, and on Broadley Moor, sea-beaches are seen to a considerable extent, as the upper structures of Malham Cove and Goredale. Again, on the southern face of Great Whernside, there are magnificent instances of these beaches in bold relief and horizontal terraces. Up Littondale, also, by the free rebound of a tidal wave from off the brow of Whernside, they are seen well defined on the only northern aspect of ground met with. Beyond Grassington, however, further to the eastward, these sea- beaches are found to cease altogether, when less opposed and more exhausted waves deposited the material of drift in onwards and flowing lines, instead of breaking on the southern face, and aloncf the eastern and western sides of barriers lying immediately on their line of advance. Hence the hills throughout this locaUty, from Clapham to Malhamdale, are usually precipitous along their southern aspects, and comparatively flattened northwards. Here we find the central axis of England lying midway between a north- east and a south-west tide-wave ; and it is here, also, that Palaeozoic schist is found to terminate its eastern flank. No sooner does the ground come within the range of a north-eastern tide-wave, than we observe an entire class of phenomena closing at once, and totally different directions of hills, valleys, and drainage lines, conforming to the instrument of drift to which they owe their construction. Elevation of Deift by Tidal Fohces. — We are here led to atomic laws that lie within our means of observation. The earths, in a finely comminuted state, readily mix with water; opposite to this, water, either in motion or a comparative state of stillness, has a decided tendency again to precipitate the earths, or drive them away from it. And mud water, therefore, beyond given proportions of atomic gravity, cannot remain in a state of combination, and they naturally separate. That separation must be an established law in physics, identical with atomic laws, with those of gravitation and electro-chemical laws. It is then the law of the universe, and a special law of being in organised forms. We then seem to come at the law by which mud and water have separated. According to atomic proportions, therefore, the surface of the earth is two- thirds water, and one-third land ; while the scouring power of the south pole has given to the Pacific Ocean, in its full extent, one half of the surface of the whole earth, so that the rest of the globe is tw^o-thirds land, with one-third water, in definite proportions. 1008 GEOLOGY OF THE Laws of drift" applied to a rolling ball of mud, floating amidst realms of physical force, would appear to have brought out definite proportions between the two areas of land and sea, agreeable to the terms of an atomic theory ; sanctioning an inference that electro-chemical results are identical with laws of physical force, which adjust themselves universally, and bring all atoms into a state of definite proportions, in which a concentric and eccentric balance prevail, as established by the Great Architect of the universe. Such is gravitation — such is physical force — and such are electro-chemical events also. The agitation of an admixture of materials in a fluid state, brings them finally and necessarily into atomic proportions even definitely expressed. So have physical laws furrowed the surface of the earth symmetrically, repeatedly broken down masses of deposits, and recom.pounded them, until thoroughly fitted for the reception of animated nature in all her varieties and beautiful eliminations. Bowlders. — These often shed considerable light on the direction of ancient currents. Like the ark of Noali, built in the valley of the Euphrates, and stranded on Ararat, blocks of Kirkcudbrightshire granite are found stranded on the declivities of Hartside as if fl.oated there on icebergs, and are traceable frequently in heavy masses on the lower levels of Cumberland, where they have been embay ed and stranded, in proof of the means by which they have originally been transported. In ascending the vale of the Eden, in the direction of Ousby, these witnesses of past events become lighter in weight and fewer in number, accompanied by blocks of Wasdale Cragg granite floated over the Shap range of hills. In going still further up this valley, in the direction of Murton and Stainmore, those from Wasdale Cragg increase in size and numbers ; and bowlders from Kircudbrightshire are seldom if ever met with. In the neighbourhood of Bleatarn and Murton, bowlders from Wasdale Cragg become much more numerous, are readily traced to Brough-hill, on the acclivities of Stainmore, and have been carried over that pass into Yorkshire, as far as Hull, a heavy one being placed in Darlington as a boundary mark; insomuch determining the course of an ancient current having gone along a southern parallel of the great basaltic dyke, from a Solway tide-vrave into Yorkshire. / Professor Sedgwick has justly said, " I see no reason for supposing tha€ the movement of the great bowlders necessarily took place before the existence of the human race," since, like man, they rest upon diluvial beds. Then, as bowlders from Wasdale Cragg are found on the summit of Dudley Pike, some 1,300 feet above the level of the sea, so may it be accepted as proved that the sea has risen to that height since land had been undulated in surface as at present, if not within the period of man's creation. The learned Professor admits, therefore, by inference, that the' sea maj have gone down 1,300 feet since the existence of the human race. As an additional proof of a recent floating of these bowlders, some of them are found resting on scoured litnestone along the heights of Shap and Orton Fells. Though some of those bowlders which compose Carl Lofts, at Shap, may have been partly arranged in druidical days, yet it is obvious that most of these mysterious masses have been stranded along the watershed line on which they still rest, as records of nature's efforts, rather than works of man. LAKE DISTKICT. 1009 lu further proof of the inference ^Yhich these facts support, not a single instance can be given that they have either gone over Hartside or through High Copedale, and over Scoredale-head into the upper district of the Tees and the Tyne. Hence this comparatively recent flood has been lower than Hai'tside and the pass of Scoredale-head. But Wasdale Cragg granite, in bowlders, being met with in Cartmel and at Darlington, affords ample testimony as to the course which this tide-wave took in its advance and retreat, teaching us by the way that Geology, as a science, relies upon physics and facts, rather than upon merely slippery hypothesis. On the Soils of the Lake District. — In the composition of what are called sub and supersoils, the base is commonly the debris of events gone before. It is generally a rule in Geology, that soils are kindred to the materials from whence they have been originally drifted. Those of the Solway basin, for instance, are composed of clay from the debris of a schistose structure, sand from denudations of millstone grit in the Penine chain of hills, and an inappreciable portion of lime from a calcareous formation. Such a compound is commonly suited to thorough-draining, and the growth of turnips by forcing manures, as a step in advance for the production of culmiferous crops, and as a preparation for fruitful pasturage. What ma}^ ever be a proper rule in husbandry thus far, may be quite inadmissible where the composition of the soil has been derived from materials very different in origin. The art of farming, indeed, depends on much experience and exact observation, often dif&cult to transplant from one district to another, where the ingredients which compose the soil may be differently constituted. So the skilful farmer abstains from hasty conclusions which may lead to his ruin, and carefully considers those physical incidents he has to deal with, guided by what the deposition of a soil may happen to be. General ReMxYRks. — No sooner do we investigate nature, and nature's laws as we find them, theai we seem to have got into a labyrinth of miracles. Take merely the multitudinous varieties of granite, each sort in itself would seem to sustain a conformable character in the grey granite of Kircudbrightshire, or the porphyretic granite of Wasdale Cragg. For instance, whether we assume the agent of crystallization to have been electro-chemical or central heat, results are so constant in themselves, even to the blending of colours and similarity in structure, that should it be asked, Why has this been so ? we avoid an answer in despair. It is so ! He who believes in nothing but what he can understand* must either believe in very little, or in a world depending upon conjectures. Nevertheless, we are able to place reliance on the truths of physical force, and decrees of Providence leading to creative ends. Should it be asked, What is heat? It may be answered. In combustion, carbon is the material consumed. Yet electro-chemical agency is qualified to raise a high degree of heat, divested of the presence of carbon ; showing that, whenever we attempt to promote science for the development of knowledge, w^e ought to scrutinize nature and her law;^ with great caution, and with strict regard to that great Being who has established the world by his wisdom, and brought all forces to a state of universal equipoise. Pd ^ <^/..p o 1010 BAILWAY TEAFFIC IN 1854. RAILWAY TRAFFIC IX 1854. It appears from the published traffic returns of railways in the Un.. Kingdom for the year 1854, that they amounted to £18,541,856, on 7,300 miles of railway, being at the rate of £2,604 per mile. In addition to the published returns, there were receipts upon 792 miles of railway, amounting to about £1,458,670, w^hich, with the above sum of £18,541,855, makes a total of £20,000,525, as the traffic receipts for railways in the United King- dom in 1854. The length of line open for traffic at the end of the year was about 8,028 miles, the traffic receipts on the whole being at the rate of £2,491. The cost of construction amounted to £273,860,000, being at the rate of £34,020 per mile. The total receipts on 7,700 miles in 1853, amounted to £17,920,530, shovdng an increase in favour of 1854 of £2,079,995, or above 11 percent. This is a very satisfactory result, and would have been attended with more beneficial consequences to the shareholders had' not the outlay of capital also increased^ the increase of capital having been about £10,000,000 during the year. The working expenses, rates, and taxes, amount to about 47 per cent, of the whole, or £9,400,000, leaving £10,600,000 for dividends on preference shares, and loans and dividends on the ordinary capital. The profit on the working would yield a dividend on the outlay of about 3^ per cent., which shows an improvement on the average of former years. The average for 1853, was a trifle more than 34- per cent., and in 1852, about 3^ per cent. The increase of the traffic has been satis- factory and progressive. In 1843 it amounted to £500,874 over the precedir year; in 1844, to £768,337 ; in 1845, to £1,058,342 ; in 1846, to£l,020,65<- in 1847, to £1,285,797 ; in 1848, to £1,109,335 ; in 1849, to £980,808 ; in 1850, to £1,744,161; in 1851, to £1,809,923 ; in 1852, to £520,402 ; in ] 853, to £2,040,220 ; and in 1854, to £2,079,995, over the preceding year. Should the traffic continue to increase, and the ex^ enditure on capital account be restricted to pro\dding the necessaiy accommodation for the increasing traffic, the position of railway property must gradually improve. The published traffic returns of railwaj^s in 1843, amounted to £4,843,000, yielding an average receipt of £3,045 per mile ; and in 1854, to £18,541,000, yielding an average receipt of £2,604 per mile. The capital expended on those lines up to July, 1843, amounted to £57,635,100, and in 1854, on the lines in question, £255,610,000, showing an increase in the annual traffic of £13,698,000, and in the capital expended, of £197,974,^00. The mileage has increased during that period from 2,000 miles to 8,000, and the average cost per mile remained about the same, varying from £34,000 to £35,00^ per mile. GALT, KEREUISH, & GENT, PRINTEBS, 28, NEW CANNON STEEET, MaNGHESTER.