^►k^ 
 
 
HISTORY 
 
 Monroe County 
 
 MICHIGAN. 
 
 ILLTJSTK/^TBID 
 
 TALCOTT E. WING, Editor. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 MUNSELL & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 
 1890. 
 
48934 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1890, 
 
 BY 
 
 MuNSELL & Co., New York. 
 
 /^ 
 
 O 
 
 y 
 
 Bl.ADE Printino & I'apek CO., 
 EJigrarers, PriiiUrn and Bookbindtra, 
 
 TOLEDO, OHIO. 
 
 7 tt99 
 
MONROE COUNTY COURT HOUSE. 
 
 Erected iSSo-iSSi, upon the site of Court House built in 1836-1S37, 
 
 AND destroyed BY FIRE FEBRUARY 27TH, 1S79. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Hon. Talcott E. Wing, the author of this work, in January, 1886, entered into an agreement 
 with Messrs. Munsell & Co., publishers, of New York, fo write a histoiy of tiie cit^' and county (»f 
 Monroe, and complete the same within a reasonable time. As pri-]i;i rations progressed, the im- 
 possibility of gathering all the necessary information and of in-odueing a complete history in a 
 limited time became increasingly apparent, the time was extended and the last manuscript was 
 completed and read}' for the publisliers only a daj^ befoi-e the author's death, which occurred 
 January 25, 1890. 
 
 During this period many have asked whj- the volume was not tinished, and to not a few 
 the necessity of expending so much time was not clearly apparent. The labor involved in the 
 planning, writing and editing was far greater than the author had anticipated or than any but a 
 careful historian can ap])rcciate. 
 
 The editor received valuable aid in special contributions from writers whose names are 
 given, except in a few instances where they were omitted by special recpiest of the eontrihutoi-. 
 Many others contributed facts and suggestions which were gratefully received, and in writing 
 of the explorations and early history of the State and county, Parkman. Camjibell and other 
 well-known writers of the early history of the Xortliwest were consulted. 
 
 An exhaustive history of Monroe county, and a full history of all the men, women aixl 
 events that have contributed, both directly and indirectly, to its history. ])rospcrity and proirress. 
 would require several volumes of the size of this. A judicious selection of material therefore 
 became necessarj-, and some pruning, to make publication possible. 
 
 An investigation of citj', county and township records had fi-eqiiently to he made, and a 
 research of several days was often nece.s.sary to obtain the material and facts for two or thi'ec 
 pages of this volume. 
 
 Not oply was it necessary to emi)ody here, for the present generation, the history of the 
 past, but also of the present time for future generations. 
 
 It has been the aim of the author to give also biographies of some of the old settlers and 
 the representative men of all professions, and a representative exhibit of the various industries 
 of the county. 
 
 This volume, with its excellencies and defects, is committed to the friends who have en- 
 couraged its author, and whom he has labored to please, ami to no one with more confidence 
 than to the faithful student of history, who will most readil}- appreciate what is good and 
 pardon what is bad. 
 
 chari;es r. wing, 
 
PUBLISHERS' NOTE. 
 
 With heurtfelt siiicorilN', we, in conunon with all intimate frioiuls of the author of this 
 niagniticent volume, and citizens of Monroe County srenerally, desire to unite in the richly 
 deserved tributes due him l)ecause of the great love, the extraordinary care, the indefatigable 
 industry and incessant labor of years, of which this volume is the ripened fruit. 
 
 By none was the fact more vividh' appreciated than the aullior that the history of a 
 city and county is inseparable from the history of its representative men, past and present, 
 whose lives and achievements form an important factor ; and to this end sketches of such per- 
 sonal history are embodied, accompanied by jjortraits whore practicable. It would have lieen 
 both a matter of choice and profit to the jjublisliers to have seen this volume completed at 
 an earlier day, but the author, true to the thorough completeness of his work and as devoted 
 to the best interests of its subscribers as he is ilear to the memory of all. would in no case 
 sacrifice intrinsic worth of the finished volume to a saving of time in its completion, 
 which course merits and must receive the hearty commendation of all. And this, the 
 great and last work of a long and useful life, will thus remain a tit monument to his 
 
 memory. 
 
 MUNSELL & COMPANY. 
 New York, April, 1890. 
 
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Adams, Kphraiin, 
 
 ■Uii 
 
 Adams, James Q. .... 
 
 . 245 
 
 Adams, Tliomas D 
 
 464 
 
 Alford, John, 
 
 . 325 
 
 Allen, Edward I'ayson 
 
 283 
 
 Allen, Seneca 
 
 . 486 
 
 Anderson, John 
 
 106 
 
 Angerer, Charles, .... 
 
 . 355 
 
 Armitage, James, 
 
 347 
 
 Arnold, Silas R 
 
 . 433 
 
 .\selstyne, Isaac, 
 
 475 
 
 .■Vselstyiie, Josiali C 
 
 . 474 
 
 Austin Harvey, 
 
 157 
 
 Bacon, Daniel S 
 
 . 149 
 
 Baker, Seward, 
 
 465 
 
 Baldwin, L 
 
 . 442 
 
 Baldwin. Newton, 
 
 471 
 
 
 157 
 
 Beaman, Fernando (' 
 
 281 
 
 Beck, Christian F 
 
 . 489 
 
 Benson, Peter, 
 
 149 
 
 Bentley, James 
 
 . 118 
 
 P.ilhiiire, John W 
 
 464 
 
 Bissonette, Gabriel, .... 
 
 . 121 
 
 Bissonette, Joseph, 
 
 121 
 
 Bliss Family, 
 
 . 125 
 
 Bovd, Erasmus James 
 
 500 
 
 Bovd, William H 
 
 . 163 
 
 Bragdon, Alonzo B. .... 
 
 462 
 
 Bruckner, Christopher, 
 
 . 316 
 
 Buck, Cieorge 
 
 488 
 
 Bulklev, Ciershom Taintor, . 
 
 . 311 
 
 Candee Family, 
 
 599 
 
 Cass. Lewis, 
 
 . 90 
 
 Chapman, Austin Bostwick, . 
 
 474 
 
 -Ohoate, Emerson, .... 
 
 . 360 
 
 Christiancv, Isaac P 
 
 24() 
 
 Clark, Robert 
 
 . 144 
 
 Clarke, Stephen G 
 
 478 
 
 Clarke, Walter P 
 
 . 478 
 
 Cole, Tliomas G 
 
 152 
 
 Conant, Harry, 
 
 . 150 
 
 Conant, Harry Armitage, 
 
 347 
 
 Corbin, B. J 
 
 . 465 
 
 Crampton, Darius Ralph, 
 
 495 
 
 Critchett, Otis Adams, 
 
 . 458 
 
 Curtiss, Benjamin H. 
 
 585 
 
 Curtis, D. A. ...... 
 
 . 585 
 
 Custer, George Armstrong, 
 
 319 
 
 Custer, Emanuel Henry, 
 
 . 31S 
 
 Daiber, Anton, 
 
 489 
 
 Damon, Elwin H 
 
 . 444 
 
 Dansard, Benjau)in, 
 Darrah, Archibald Baird, 
 Darrah, Lewis, 
 Davis, John, . 
 
 Dawe, D 
 
 Disbrow, Henry, . 
 Dorsch, Edward, 
 Dunbar, Addison Edwin, 
 Dunbar William, 
 Durocher, Laurent, 
 Edwards, Thomas Smith 
 Egnew, Samuel, 
 Eldredge, Nathaniel D. 
 Fay, Orion Jonathan, . 
 Felch, Alpheus, 
 Ferry, Peter Pcyre, 
 Fifield, Benjamin F. 
 Gale, Joseph B. 
 Galloway, Jerome B. 
 Gifford,'w. R. 
 Gilday, Edwin R. 
 Godfrey, James Jacques, 
 Golden, Charles A. . 
 Golden, Patrick, . 
 Gonsolus. K. 
 Goodwin, Daniel, . 
 Gorman, James S. 
 Grant, Alexander, 
 
 Greene, George Henry, 
 
 Greene, Jacob Lyman, 
 
 Grosvenor, Ira R. 
 
 Hackett, Walter, . 
 
 Hardy, Stephen Thurston 
 
 Heath, George Francis, 
 
 Hitchcock, Elisha Bardow, 
 
 Hoffman, Leopold, 
 
 Hogarth, John Packard. 
 
 Humphrey, Levi S. 
 
 Hurd, George Robinson, 
 
 Ilgenfritz, I. E. . 
 
 Jackson, George W. 
 
 Jackson, Samuel P. 
 
 Jaminet, John P. 
 
 Johnson, Oliver, . 
 
 Jones, S. L. 
 
 Joos, Edward, 
 
 Joslyn, Chauncey, 
 
 Kedzie Family. 
 
 Keeney, Andrew Jackson, 
 
 Keeney, .'^almon, . 
 
 Kirby, Restcome R. . 
 
 Knaggs, James, 
 
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES. 
 
 Knapp, W. F. 
 Lacroix, Hubert, . 
 LaFontain, Louis, sr., 
 Landon, George, . 
 Landon, George M. . 
 Lanman, Charles, 
 Lanman, Charles James 
 Lasselle, Antoine, 
 Lasselle, Francis, 
 Lasselle, Jacques, . 
 Lauer, Edward G. J. 
 Lawrence, Wolcott, 
 Lewis, Isaac, 
 Lewis, Samuel Baker, . 
 Lockwook, Ezra L. . 
 Lockwood, Harry A. 
 Loranger, Edward, . 
 Loranger, Philip J. 
 McCallum, George Barclay, 
 McClelland, Robert, 
 McMillan, James. 
 Man, Harry V. 
 Martin, John, . 
 Maseoar, Alfred J. 
 Mason, John Warner, 
 Moore, James, 
 Morris, Gouverneur, 
 Morrow, P. H. 
 MulhoUen, James, sr., 
 MulhoUen, James, jr., . 
 Mulhollen, Samuel, . 
 Munro, Charles E. H. . 
 Murphy, Seba, 
 Murphy, William Walton, 
 Navarre, Francis, 
 Navarre, Isadort , 
 Navarre, Jacques, 
 Navarre, Joseph G. . 
 Navarre, Peter, 
 Navarre, Robert, 
 Noble, Charles, 
 Noble, Charles Wing, 
 Noble, Conway Wing, 
 Noble, Daniel, . 
 Noble, David_ Addison, 
 Noble, Deodatus, 
 Noble, Henry Shaw, 
 Noble, William Addison, 
 Paquette, Nazarth, 
 Parker, Burton, . 
 Peabody, John (i. 
 Peters, George, . 
 Peters, Richard, 
 
 Page. 
 
 439 Randall. Seth C. 
 
 . 106 Ranch, John R. . 
 
 124 Richard, Gabriel, 
 
 431 Richardson, George W. 
 
 460 Robert, Antoine Francis, . 
 
 . 322 Robert, Joseph, . 
 
 .321 Root, Philander Sheldon, 
 
 . 119 Russell, James I. . 
 
 119 Sancraint, John B. . 
 
 . 118 Sawyer, Alfred Isaac, . 
 
 367 Schmittdiel, Benjamin D. 
 
 . 244 Slayton. William Earl. 
 
 525 Smith, Henry, . 
 
 . 420 Smith, Winfield, . 
 
 484 SotTcrs, Bernard G. . 
 
 . 464 Solcau. Alexis, 
 
 108 Southworth, Charles Tracy, 
 
 . 487 Southworth, Charles Tracy, 
 
 437 Southworth, Hartia E. 
 
 . 246 Southworth, Tracy, 
 
 280 Spalding, George, 
 
 . 252 Stevens, John J. . 
 
 423 Stockbridge, Francis B. 
 
 . 438 Stone, Harvey, 
 
 -145 Strong, John, jr., 
 
 . 119 Studdiford, William V. 
 
 455 Stump, John, 
 
 . 442 Thurber, Jefferson Gage. 
 
 116 Tibbetts, Benjamin, . 
 
 . 590 Toll, Philip R. 
 
 471 Tucker, Joseph L. . 
 
 . 441 TuU, John, . 
 
 . 160 Valade, Jerome J. 
 
 161 Valade, Joseph L. 
 
 93 Van Kleeck, James, 
 
 115 Wakefield, Stephen B. 
 
 ■ 120 Waldron, Henry, 
 358 Weier, Joseph, 
 
 . 125 Wells, Noah M. 
 
 115 West, William C. 
 
 . 151 White, William Tandy, . 
 
 312 Wilkerson, Alfred, 
 
 . 313 Willett. Benjamin T. 
 
 166 Willitts, Edwin, . 
 250 Wing, Austin E. 
 1<>6 Wing, Charles R. . 
 
 . 464 Wing, Talc<jtt E. 
 
 167 Wing, Warner, 
 
 ■ 444 Winney, A. F. . 
 461 Wood, James C. . 
 
 . 590 Wood, John, 
 
 484 Zabel, JohnO. 
 . 484 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Veterans of the War of 1812, .... 82 
 
 Dredging Machine 177 
 
 First Locomotive, 218 
 
 Store of Ed. G. J. Lauer 370 
 
 Sho-wae-cae-mettes, 391 
 
 Frogging on the Raisin, 410 
 
 Capture of Richmond 529 
 
 Court House, 3 
 
 Map, . . . • 9 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 CHAPTER 1. 
 
 KARLY DISCOVERIES — MISSIONARIES INDIAN VILLAGES CONGEESS OF INDIANS AT ST. MARTS 
 
 FALLS THEIK MODE OF LIVING LIFE OF THE INDIANS IN PEACE AND WAR. 
 
 MICIIIGAX derives its name from two In- 
 dian words in the Chippewa language, 
 :]fi7c/ta(f, great, and Sagiegan, lake — the land 
 of the great lakes. The Territory of Michigan 
 was a part of New France, whose boundaries 
 were as illusive as its history was romantic 
 and mysterious. One historian tells us Michi- 
 gan embraced that part of the Mississippi Val- 
 lej- north of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois; 
 bounded on the east bj' Canada, and on the 
 west b}' the great plains west of the Father of 
 Waters. The Huron trihe of Indians occupied 
 the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and were 
 more civilized and less nomadic than the other 
 western Indians. Thej- early formed friend- 
 ships with the energetic and adventurous fur 
 traders, who had penetrated the wilderness for 
 gain and advancement in civil and military 
 positions. When the French traders returned 
 to Montreal they gave such glowing descrip- 
 tions of the countiy, rich in furs and sunny 
 and fertile lands, they inspired the slumbering 
 spirit of the colonists. As early as 1536, when 
 .Jac(|ues Cartier reached Montreal on his second 
 voyage, he was told bj' the Indians of "the 
 three great lakes ; a sea of fresh water [proba- 
 bly Lake Superior], of which no man had 
 found an end ; of great stores of gold and 
 copper; that there was a river running south- 
 west, which required a month's sailing to reach 
 a beautiful land where there was no snow or 
 ice. where oranges, almonds, nuts of various 
 kinds and apples grew in abundance. The 
 people in that region dressed as the French [no 
 doubt the S))aniards] and lived in walled towns, 
 and Were at war vvith the inhabitants con- 
 tinually. " 
 
 The Indians were prudent husbandmen and 
 cultivated large fields of corn, laid out in sym- 
 metrical order, the remains of which can be 
 traced in some localities to this day. The 
 squaws prejiared the corn with mortars and 
 pestles. They made many kinds of pottage with 
 
 corn, pease and beans. Fish were preserved in 
 large vessels. Ijike more civilized people they 
 depended upon hunting, fishing and farming. 
 The villages were sometimes largo and laid out 
 regularly, often surrounded with timber anil 
 well protected. 
 
 Detroit was visited as early as ItilO, and 
 Champlain's maps of 1()12 show the connection 
 of the straits between the lakes. On the strait 
 the wandering traders established stations, and 
 a village of Hurons existed near, or on, the 
 present site of the city, and was named by the 
 Indians Ka-ron-taen, meaning The Coast of 
 the Strait. Thus it seems Detroit can claim to 
 have been located befoi-e Boston, New York, 
 Philadelphia, or New Orleans. The most relia- 
 ble records of the early days of this State are 
 derived from the Jesuit missionaries, of whom 
 Brebeuf and Daniel were the pioneers. They 
 joined a party of Ilurons at Quebec in the year 
 1634, and sailed through the Ottawa River to 
 Lake Huron, upon whose shores they erected 
 the first log house, which served for home and 
 sanctuary for many long and weary days. 
 They daily rang the church bell and called the 
 savages to prayers. Here the}- educated a 
 small band of Hurons, and trained them for 
 missionary assistants. 
 
 Eaymbault began a mission at St. Mary's 
 Falls in 1641, but his strength soon succumbed 
 to the rigorous climate and his arduous duties, 
 and in the last stages of consumption he re- 
 turned to Quebec to lay down his life, worn out 
 for his Master. Thus it was with many of the 
 early missionai-ies. Their zeal was greater 
 than their .strength, and their enthusiasm 
 burned with a fervid and unquenchable flame. 
 While carrying the cross through the trackless 
 wilds, they braved all obstacles; they suffered 
 at the hand of the savage every indignity; they 
 were scarred with hot irons, covered with 
 burning bark, and often tortured to death. 
 What wonder Tallemand and other martyrs 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 cried out in dying agony, " We are a spectacle 
 unto the world, and to angels and to men." 
 The ranks of these devoted men were filled as 
 they fell in this century's highways by no less 
 ardent followers of the cross, thus testifying 
 to the world the wonderful missionary zeal of 
 that age. Although they formed no permanent 
 mission for over a quarter of a century, who 
 can estimate the influence they exerted from 
 the Gulf of Mexico to the St. Lawi-ence? They 
 taught the Indians to cultivate the soil upon a 
 more generous plan ; introduced new seeds and 
 plants, as well as fruits; and led them to pro- 
 vide against the adverse seasons and failures 
 in the chase, thus avoiding the famines which 
 had, it is supposed, decimated their numbers 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific shores to an 
 alarming extent. These pioneer missionaries 
 rendered the only accurate and scientific ac- 
 count of the regions they penetrated, and con- 
 tributed the earliest geographical knowledge 
 of the great Northwest to the world. 
 
 The French explorers engaged these conse- 
 crated men upon all important expeditions, and 
 it is believed their gentle policy mitigated ma- 
 terially the experience of those who fell into 
 the hands of men whose ambition for France, 
 as well as their own selfish motives, caused 
 them to overlook the rights of a weaker and 
 less intelligent race. 
 
 The shores of the northern lakes and adja- 
 cent lands were explored in 1654 by two young 
 fur traders, accompanied by a band of Ottawas 
 and Algonquins. They penetrated ihe wilds for 
 a distance of fifteen hundred miles, and after 
 two years returned to Montreal with such eu- 
 coui-aging rejDorts of the richness and beauty 
 of the country, that they were granted per- 
 mission to fit out an expedition to extend 
 French commerce into the Northwest. Gabrielle 
 Dreuillettes and Leonard Gareau, former mis- 
 sionaries among the Hurons, were selected for 
 the enterprise, but the}' met with discourage- 
 ment at the outset, owing to the enmity exist- 
 ing among most of the Indian tribes at that 
 time. They were attacked just below Montreal 
 by a band of Mohawks and completely demoral- 
 ized. During the following five years various 
 companies from Montreal interested in the fur 
 trade pushed their waj- into the new regions, 
 and eventually formed an alliance with a num- 
 ber of western tribes who desired a league with 
 the French whereby they might resist the 
 
 Iroquois. The Indians were represented by 
 two explorei's, who returned to Quebec in 1660 
 accompanied by sixty canoes, laden with rare 
 peltries and paddled by three hundred Algon- 
 quins; whereupon the Government determined 
 to explore tlie territory around Green Bay and 
 Lake Superior, and establish at some conven- 
 ient point a post for the general rendezvous of 
 the tribes. This task was appointed Rene 
 Menard, a Jesuit missionary, who entered 
 upon his M'ork with a determination to pene- 
 trate the Northwest farther than any of his 
 predecessors. He left Quebec on the 28th of 
 August, 1660, with but few supplies or comforts 
 of life, but with the trusting faith of a 
 child, saying, " I trust in Providence, which 
 feeds the little birds of the air and clothes the 
 wild flowers of the desert." Menard reached 
 the bay now known as L'Anse, where he re- 
 mained eight long months, with no compan- 
 ions but the rude, untutored savages. The 
 Hurons invited him to visit them on the Island 
 of St. Michael, where they had taken refuge. 
 He left his converts in the spring, and with 
 one Indian pursued his journey to the Bay of 
 Che-goi-me-gon. After passing through Port- 
 age Lake, his companion moved the canoe and 
 its contents across the portage, and the aged 
 missionary, who was now quite feeble, strayed 
 into the woods and was never seen again. 
 Years afterwards his breviary and cassock were 
 discovered among the Sioux. 
 
 Father Allouez, undaunted by the fate of the 
 aged Menard, and full of the spirit of his 
 order, embarked at Three Rivers in company 
 with about four hundred Indians, who were 
 returning homo fi'om Quebec, where they had 
 been for the purpose of trade. The missionary 
 with his Indian hordes reached Sault Ste. Marie 
 in safety; from there he i)roceeded to Lake 
 Sufierior, which he named in honor of M. de 
 Tracy, and the first map of Lalie Superior, sup- 
 posed to be the work of Marquette and Allouez, 
 bears the name o^ Lac Tracy ou Superieur. 
 
 The Indians regarded this lake as a divinity, 
 on account of its size and in consequence of its 
 furnishing them with fish when hunting failed. 
 Allouez reported the existence of copjier in this 
 region, and that he had seen pieces weighing 
 from ten to twenty pounds in the keeping of 
 several savages, who regarded these specimens 
 as gods, and kept them wrapped up with their 
 most precious articles, some families having 
 
CONGRESS OF INDIANS AT ST. MARY S FALLS. 
 
 11 
 
 had them in possession fortifty years ; toothers 
 " they had deseendcd Irom time oiit of mind, 
 presented by the gods wlio dwell beneath the 
 waters." At St. Theresa Bay this missionary 
 found a tew of the converts of Father Menard, 
 " wiiose memories he refreshed with the mys- 
 teries of his religion," and pressed on his jour- 
 ney'. "After ma n^- discouragements by means 
 of famine, storms and great weariness both 
 day and night," he landed at Che-goi-me-gon 
 (La Pointc) on the first day of October, 1665. 
 Here Allouez remained nearly two yeai's, win- 
 ning converts to the faith and establishing 
 peace between the Chipjiewas and the Sioux. 
 Great bands of Indians gathered about the 
 mission and listened to his instruction. He 
 also visited Fond du Lac, and there the Sioux 
 informed him of vast plains farther west where 
 roamed immense herds of buffalo. Becoming 
 more and more enthusiastic in his mi.ssion,and 
 feeling the need of better aid in establishing 
 stations among the various tribes, he repaired 
 to (Quebec in the fall of 1667. With burning 
 words he appealed to his brethren, and was so 
 successful in interesting theni that his object 
 was accomplished in two days. He imme- 
 iliately returned to the Indians with fresh re 
 cruitij and augmented zeal. 
 
 Father Marquette and Claud Dablon were 
 so thoroughly interested in the project that 
 they soon followed, and succeeded in estab- 
 lishing the first permanent mission at the Sault 
 (le Ste. Marie, and the second was soon begun 
 on the Island of Michilimackinac. Both were 
 wisely chosen as important points. Marquette 
 calls them " the keys or gates for the tribes 
 north and south," as they were obliged to go 
 thiough ihem in order to reach the French 
 settlements. Soon after the establishment of the 
 mission the French Government, in May, 1671, 
 convened the long-desired congress of the In- 
 dians at the Falls of Ste. Marie. Here the}- 
 consolidated as far as possible the interests of 
 the various tribes of the Northwest. Kepre- 
 seiitatives of the Indian nations came in great 
 numbers from the St. Lawrence on the north, 
 and from as far south as the Eed River. They 
 sal in council with the veteran French officers 
 and priests. The Governor-General of New 
 France was represented by M. de Lusson, who 
 took possession of " all lands between the east 
 and west, and from Montreal on the north to 
 the south where any land existed," in the name 
 
 of his Majesty, the King of France. The tribes 
 were assembled upon a hill near the village, 
 the standard of the cross was erected with the 
 most solemn ceremonies of the church, while 
 the soldiers chanted the Vaxilla to the admira- 
 tion of the Indians. Then the lilies of France 
 were marked upon a cedar post, while the 
 French chanted the inspiring Exaiideat, and 
 offered prayers for the sacred person of his 
 Majesty. The chiefs were informed they were 
 under the protection of the French king, and 
 guns were fired. After much ceremony Father 
 Allouez addressed the savages in their own 
 tongue as follows, which is a sample of the ora- 
 tory impressive to the Indians of that time: 
 
 " It is a most important affair that calls us 
 together. Cast your ey«s on that cross which 
 is high above yo\iv heads. It is there where 
 the Son of God was willing to be attached and to 
 die in order to satisfy His eternal Father for 
 your sins. He is the master of j'our lives and 
 also of heaven and earth and hell. It is He of 
 whom I have often spoken, and whose name 
 and words I have borne into these distant 
 lands. But at the same time look upon that 
 other column, to which are attached the arms 
 of that great chief of France whom we call 
 King. He lives beyond the sea. He is the chief 
 of chiefs, and has not his like in the world. 
 All the chiefs of whom you have heard are but 
 children compared witii him. He is like a 
 great tree, while they are mere shrubs which we 
 tread upon. You know Onontio [the Governor- 
 General], the renowned chief of Quebec. You 
 know that he is the terror of the Iroquois, and 
 that his name is sufficient to make them tremble, 
 since he has desolated their lands, and carried 
 fire among their settlements. There are be- 
 yond the sea ten thousand Onontios like him, 
 who are but warriors of the great chief, our 
 King of whom I speak. When he says ' I go 
 to war,' everybody obeys, and these ten thou- 
 sand chiefs raise bands of warriors, both for the 
 land and the sea. Some embark in ships like 
 those you have seen at Quebec. Your canoes 
 will hold but four or five men, twelve at the 
 utmost. Our vessels carry four or five hundred 
 and even a thousand. 
 
 " Another portion go to war on land, but in 
 such numbers that when ari-ayed in double 
 ranks, they would reach to Mississaquenk, 
 which is twenty leagues from here. When he 
 attacks he is more fearful than thunder. The 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 earth trembles, and the air and sea are on fire 
 from the discharge of his camion. He has 
 been seen in the midst of his squadrons 
 covered with the blood of his enemies, so many 
 of whom has he put to the sword, that he does 
 not nuniber their scalps, but merely the rivers 
 of blood which he causes to flow. He carries 
 such a number of captives with him that he 
 does not value them, but lets them go where 
 thej^ please, to show that he does not fear 
 them. Nobody dares make war on him. All 
 nations beyond the sea have sued for peace 
 with great submission. They come from 
 every quarter of the globe to listen to him, 
 and to admire him. It is he who decides upon 
 the affairs of the world. 
 
 " What shall I say of his riches? You think 
 yourselves rich when you have ten or twelve 
 sacks of corn, and hatchets, and kettles, and 
 other things of the kind. He has more cities 
 than you have men, which are scattered over a 
 .space of more than five hundred leagues. In 
 each city there are hatchets enough to cut all 
 your wood, kettles enough to cook all your 
 caribou, and sugar enough to fill all your wig- 
 wams. His house extends farther than from 
 here to the Sault, is higher than the tallest of 
 your trees, and contains more peojile than the 
 largest of your settlements ever contained." 
 
 A military jjost was soon established at the 
 Sault Ste. Marie, invested with a commandant 
 and small garrison. An industry in copper 
 articles sprung up. Bracelets and other orna- 
 ments were made for the Indians, as well as 
 crosses, censers and candlesticks for the church. 
 These wore manufactured from masses of pure 
 copper brought by the natives from the shores 
 of Lake Suj)erior. A large Indian village 
 flourished uear. Their dwellings were sur- 
 rounded by palisades, sometimes in triple 
 rows, with j)latforms built within, where they 
 kept supplies of stones to hurl upon intruders. 
 The Indian dwellings were sometimes more 
 than a hundred feet in length, were thatched 
 with bark, and secured on the sides by a net- 
 work of poles covered with bark. They con- 
 tained several distinct families, who were as- 
 signed compartments on the side, like stalls of 
 a stable, where their couches were spread with 
 the skins of the chase. The ceiling was deco- 
 rated with the ripened ears of corn. In these 
 comfortable habitations they passed the long 
 and bitter winters. A bright fire blazed upon 
 
 the earthen hearth, and the blue smoke curled 
 to an outlet in the roof Around these lodge 
 fires clustered the warriors, squaws, and little 
 children, and listened to the legends of 
 ancient chiefs and mighty medicine men, 
 whose deeds of valor fired their impulsive 
 hearts; or while the pipe was passed from 
 hand to hand the story-teller recounted to 
 these superstitious children of the forests, the 
 mission of the spirits who dwelt in the fire, 
 water and air, whose messages came uj^on the 
 wings of the wind, were written in the light- 
 ning and sfioken in the thunder. 
 
 The life of the Indian was one of contrast — 
 from the excitement of the chase, to the long, 
 patient fishing days on the ice; from the dan- 
 gers on the war-path, to the festivals and 
 dance. Political ambition burned with a fervid 
 heat within the breast of the red man, and he 
 would dare many dangers to be counted among 
 the notable men of the tribe. When the great 
 chiefs of the confederations had deliberated 
 before the council fires and decided on war, 
 they sent forth their messengers to call the 
 warriors to arms from the East and West, 
 wlierever their allies might be found. Their 
 warlike natures responded with speed and 
 gladness, although first must be consulted the 
 omens and dreams of the proi^het, and a prepa- 
 ration made to insure success, b}' fasting, and 
 prayer to the great war-god, ending in a war- 
 dance, during which they chanted the storj^ of 
 former exploits, and promised superior feats of 
 strength and bravery in the coming expedition. 
 When the required rites were concluded, they 
 began to steal away through the wilderness, 
 carrying their arms, food and canoes with them 
 until they reached the rivers or lakes, when 
 they paddled rapidly to theirdestination. They 
 stormed the strongholds of their enemies, using 
 their canoes as scaling ladders. They fell like 
 tigers upon the unprepared, and butchered 
 them without mere}'. Their victories were 
 stained with excess of cruelty, and not until 
 they were exhausted in their vengeance did they 
 spare the lives of those who remained and adojjt 
 them into their tribe. Wives were separated 
 from husbands, and children from parents, and 
 they were distributed among different villages 
 that old affections and associations might be 
 obliterated. Thus their losses, which were 
 considerable in the jiracti-ce of almost constant 
 warfare, were repaired by this means, which the 
 
LIFE OK THE INDIANS IN PEACE AND WAR. 
 
 13 
 
 Indians designated by a word meaning " flesh 
 cut into pieces and scattered among the tribes." 
 The Five Nations — or, as the French named 
 them, the Iroquois — were the most powerful 
 people. Thej- dwelt within the pre.senl limits 
 of the State of New York, and owed their tri- 
 umphs in part to the importance of their posi- 
 tion. The rivers and hikes were highways 
 through the regions for their roving and am- 
 bitious warriors. They were as a people thor- 
 oughly organized. Each of the Five Nations 
 had several sachems, who, with subordinate 
 chiefs and honorable men, regulated all affairs 
 of importance. When a foreign power was to 
 be treated with, a general assembly of all the 
 chiefs convened at the great council house in 
 the Onondaga valley. The order of debate was 
 prescribed by custom, and during the fiercest 
 arguments they preserved an iron .self-control. 
 The Iroquois in boundless pride styled them- 
 selves ''the men surpassing all others," and 
 their ambition for conquest was insatiable. 
 Their war-parties wei'e sent over half America, 
 and their victories were so frequent that their 
 name was a terror from the Atlantic to the far 
 West. They were a superior people intel- 
 lectually, and were thoroughly organized. 
 Their greatest numerical strength in their 
 most prosperous age was not four thousand 
 warriors; and yet, in less than a quarter of a 
 century, they destroj'ed and scattered four na- 
 tions as brave and powerful as any in America. 
 The Hurons or Wyandots occupied the pen- 
 insula between the lakes Huron, Erie and 
 Ontario. Their population has been variously 
 estimated at from ten to thirtj- thousand souls. 
 They were an agricultural people, and bartered 
 their corn to surrounding tribes, receiving in 
 exchange fish and other articles tiiey valued. 
 The early Fathers called this country the 
 granary of the Algonquins, which family sur- 
 rounded the powerful Iroquois, and em- 
 braced the country on the north fiom Hudson 
 Bay to the Cai'olinas, from the Atlantic on the 
 east to Lake Winnipeg on tlie west. The Hu- 
 rons, like the Iroquois, were divided into tribes, 
 but unlike them were not professional warriors. 
 The peaceful Hurons met a disastrous fate in 
 the depths of the winter of KUO. The Iroquois 
 swept down upon them and destroyed all be- 
 fore them. Thej- dispersed the whole nation. 
 Some found refuge among the French of Can- 
 ada, others established themselves upon the 
 
 shores of Lake Superior and (he islands in the 
 northern part of Lake Huron, while numbers 
 were absorbed in the victorious ranks of the 
 Iroquois. Some years afterwards the Hurons 
 descended to the Straits of Detroit, where they 
 flourished for a time. 
 
 The Neutral Nation inhabited the northern 
 shores of Lake Erie as far east as the Straits of 
 Niagara. They derived their name from their 
 neutrality in the war between the Hurons and 
 Iroquois. But they soon met the fate of the peace- 
 ful Hurons, and the Iroquois had scai-cely rested 
 from their vengeance when they attacked the 
 Eries with their usual success. The Andastcs 
 received their next siege, and though they had 
 resisted their enemies for years, they fell as 
 ingloriously as the Hurons, in 1672. The Five 
 Nations soon absorbed all the adjacent tribes 
 and i-eceived into their ranks as ecjuals the 
 warlike Tuscaroras, admitting them as a Sixth 
 Nation, and giving their sachems a seat in the 
 councils at Onondaga. The wrongs the Tus- 
 caroras had sustained at the hands of white 
 settlers, in the loss of land and over-reaching 
 in trade of various kinds, the Iroquois made 
 their own ; and with an intrepid, unreasoning 
 vengeance, peculiar to the Indian, they nursed 
 a cruel hatred of all white settlers and sought 
 to wreak it upon the French in Canada. They 
 also had treasured their own wrongs and the 
 injury they received at the hands of Cham- 
 plain in 1600, when he came into their midst 
 with a band of Algonquins and shot with his 
 arquebuse two of their chiefs ; and when they 
 fled in terror to the woods and caves to escape 
 further destruction, Champlain imagined he 
 had for all time taught the red man to respect 
 the power of France. From that time the Iro- 
 quois never ceased to harass them. They 
 burned their houses, laid waste their fields. 
 The}' kept a vigilant watch upon the route be- 
 tween Quebec, Montreal and other points. 
 They attacked Montreal with fire and steel, and 
 their horrible cruelties were scarcely credible. 
 They placed infants on the embers and required 
 their own mothers to turn the spit. Others 
 suffered torments too barbarous to describe. 
 At times the Jesuits would obtain an influence 
 over the savages and for some weeks they 
 would rest from their raids upon their peaceful 
 neighbors. Hope would again cheer the strug- 
 gling and afllicted settlers, only to be again de- 
 ceived by the treacherous Indians. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 COUNT FKONTENAC SOUTH SEA PASS M. TALON - 
 
 OF THE MISSISSIPPI LA SALLE — THE GRIFFIN- 
 
 -M. JOLIET FATHER MARQUETTE DISCGVEEY 
 
 — COUREURS DE-BOIS DEATH OF LA SALLE. 
 
 COUNT FKONTENAC was appoiuted Gov- 
 ernor-General of New France in the year 
 1672, when he was fifty-two years old. He 
 was descended from an old and noble house, 
 and was the godchild of Louis XIII. Owing 
 to the position held by his father in the house- 
 hold of the King, Count Frontenac was rapidly 
 promoted to positions of importance during 
 the stirring times of that age. When merely 
 a boy he fought M. Holland and distinguished 
 himself for bravery, and before he was twenty- 
 one had been actively engaged in several bat- 
 tles. Frontenac was made colonel of a regi- 
 ment when twenty-three, and at the age of 
 twenty-sis was raised to the rank of marechal 
 de camp (brigadier-general). His worldly 
 prospects were not commensurate with his 
 military glory, and his siege to the heart of a 
 young lady of sixteen was for a long time un- 
 successful. The young lady's guardians op- 
 posed the match, as they thought she might do 
 better than unite her fortunes to a man who 
 had but twenty thousand francs a jear. But 
 both were imperious and restive under oppo- 
 sition, and soon settled the matter by a secret 
 marriage. The union was short-lived. Mad- 
 ame Frontenac was ambitious, brilliant in 
 society, and utterly worldly. She seemed to 
 soon tire of her husband and child. The child 
 was placed in charge of a nurse, devoting her- 
 self to the society of Mademoiselle de Mont- 
 pensier. From time to time various disputes 
 (in regard to property) with the Count widened 
 the breach and embittered the nature of her 
 husband, so he welcomed the appointment to 
 Canada ard was glad to escape from his an- 
 noyances. In his case, like many others, 
 " distance lent enchantment," for during all 
 Count Frontenac's exile in the New World, his 
 wife constantly exerted an influence for his 
 advancement, and succeeded in a great measure 
 in counteracting the intrigues of his enemies. 
 Frontenac stands a conspicuous figure of the 
 age, and was a man of great ability, brave. 
 
 energetic, and peculiarly fitted to administer 
 the affairs of a new country. He encouraged 
 the establishment of a chain of military posts 
 along the lakes and rivers. Exploring com- 
 panies were sent forth and treaties made with 
 the "Far Indians," as they were called, in the 
 vicinity of the great lakes. Two years before 
 Frontenac was made Governor- General, in 
 1670, Father Marquette removed the mission 
 of Miehilimackinac to St. Ignace, where he 
 remained three years, engaged in his holy 
 office, and also perfecting his plans for the dis 
 covery of the Mississippi. The great Father 
 of Waters was supposed to bo the direct pas- 
 sage to China and the East Indies through the 
 mythical South Sea, into which it was believed 
 it emptied. Vast wealth was supjjosed to await 
 the monarch whose subjects were enterprising 
 enough to discover this highway to wealth. 
 The ambitious Louis XIV. and his ministers 
 schemed to control this passage to Eastern 
 treasure, and encouraged their representatives 
 in New France to search out this long-hidden 
 path. M. Talon, a former Intendant General, 
 ambitious for the honor of the discovery, dis- 
 patched M. .Toliet, a citizen of Quebec, to 
 Father Marquette, whom he found ready and 
 anxious to embark in the project, his desire to 
 spread his faith equal to that of France for 
 treasure. They selected five Frenchmen to ac- 
 company them, and left Mackinac the 13th of 
 May, 1673, in two canoes, supplied with Indian 
 corn and jerked meat. The}- crossed Lake 
 Michigan to the Wisconsin Eiver, "a beautiful 
 stream, bordered by green banks, groves of 
 trees and pleasant slopes." Floating down 
 this placid stream they reached the Mississippi 
 on the 17th of June. They saw '-great herds 
 of buftalo and deer roaming the borders of the 
 river. Swans floated before them and great 
 fish endangered their canoes." At length they 
 discovered footprints in the sand, and leaving 
 their bark canoes in charge of the crew they 
 followed the trail leading to a meadow, where 
 
 [14] 
 
LA SALLE COUREURS-DE-BOIS. 
 
 15 
 
 thoy found a large Indian village. Joliel and 
 Marquette made known their presence and 
 waited to be received. An embassy of four 
 old men soon approached and presented the 
 pipe of peace. They were informed that the 
 tribe belonged to the Illinois, whose country 
 thej- were in. The next daj- they were enter- 
 tained b}' a feast of four courses ; the first was 
 honiin}' cooked in the Indian style, the second 
 of fish, the third of dog, and the fourth of 
 roasted buffalo. They were treated with great 
 consideration, attended through the village, 
 and given a lodge where thej' rested comfort- 
 ably through the night, and in the morning 
 signifying their intention of proceeding on 
 tlieir voyage, were escorted to their canoes by 
 six hundred Indians. They pursued their 
 journey unmolested until the}' reached the 
 Arkansas, where they were attacked by a crowd 
 of warriors, but Marquette's usual diplomacy 
 saved them from any serious trouble. He pre- 
 sented a pipe of peace, and, as he quaintly said, 
 " God touched their hearts." Their ])rovisions 
 wore nearlj- exhausted, and being convinced the 
 Mississippi flowed into the Gulf at no great 
 distance from that place, they retraced their 
 way. Joliet repaired to Quebec to render an 
 account of the ex2)edition, and Father Mar- 
 quette again entered upon his chosen mission 
 among the Indians. The wonderfully glowing 
 description of this voyage kindled the ad- 
 venturous spirit of Eobert Cavalier de la 
 Salle, a native of Normandj-, and a descend- 
 ant of a noble but impoverished family. 
 His early life had been passed with the 
 .lesuits, where the natural tendency of his 
 mind was confirmed and strengthened. His 
 iron will could brook no obstacle, and 
 with great sagacity and penetration into the 
 iiearts of men, he possessed sound judgment 
 and boundless enterprise. La Salle took coun- 
 sel of no man, and was stern and austere toward 
 those under his command. He had been among 
 the Indians, traders, and bushrangers of Can- 
 ada for a number of years, and in various ways 
 had been actively engaged in extending the 
 interests of France. He found in Count Fron- 
 lenac, the Governor General, a friend and 
 abettor in his great designs to build a chain of 
 forts aU)ng the lakes and rivers, comitlete the 
 exploration of the Mississippi, and plant the 
 standard of his King upon the shores of the 
 Gulf of Mexico. The far-seeing and judicious 
 
 Frontenac advised La Salle to apply directly 
 to the King of France, and gave him a letter 
 to the Minister of Marine, who proved a valua- 
 ble friend to his interests. La Salle was in- 
 vested with the title of chevalier, and the seign- 
 iory of Fort Frontenac on condition that he 
 would rebuild it. Encouraged by the King 
 and nobility of France, he with his devoted 
 friend and comrade, tlic Chevalier Tonti, and 
 thirty men, loft France in July, 1678, and 
 reached Quebec the 15th of September. Al- 
 though La Salle returned with but little monej- 
 he was rich in resources. He soon found means 
 to advance his plans. 
 
 Fort Frontenac was to be altered and re- 
 paired, a new fort was to be built on Lake 
 Erie, and the navigation of Lake Ontario to be 
 completed, for which latter purpose a barque 
 was to be built. Materials for these objects 
 existed in the wilds, and wliat to other men, 
 perhaps as practical, would have been insur- 
 mountable obstacles, but fired his energy. He 
 sent men into the wilderness to gather choice 
 furs, from which he hoped to realize enough to 
 pay his heavy expenses. These men were also 
 commissioned to conciliate and prepare the In- 
 dians for his coming. The French traders, or 
 as they were then called, coureurs de hois, wore 
 often men whose youth had been passed in the 
 gay and extravagant court of the King of 
 France, or among the excitements of the camp. 
 Their lack of fortune and natural restlessness 
 led them to seek this life of adventure and 
 hardshijD. They were naturally cheerful and 
 gay, and always hopeful of a golden reward in 
 the service of the fur trade (the chief source of 
 income to the colony). The coureur de bois, or 
 land loper, lived happ}' in the midst of poverty, 
 braved cold and peril of every sort, and his rol- 
 licking songs rang over the plains and down 
 the rivers to the delight of the Indian. He 
 was ever welcome to the wigwam, and mingled 
 in the dance. He was often adopted into the 
 tribe and became the favorite leader in all 
 their sports. Many of these hardy men were 
 lured on to explore the farthest confines of the 
 wilderness by the hope of niilitar}- or political 
 advancement. 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1678 La Salle 
 with his command repaired to the western bank 
 of the Niagara River, two leagues above the 
 cataract, where, protected within a fort of pali- 
 sades, he built a vessel of sixty tons burden, 
 
l(i 
 
 HISTORY OK MONROP: county, MinilCAN. 
 
 wliicli wiiH tlie lir.st lo sail Jjiikc Krio or the 
 ii]>)icr liikoH. She was named the Griffin, in 
 honor of Llio arms of Frontenac. This ship 
 startoel on lior first voyage in August, KiTl), 
 amid tlie most imposing ceronionies. The Te 
 ' i>eu7n was clianted, cannons wore fired, and a 
 crowd of curious Indians stood upon the banlc, 
 filled with speechless wonder at the size of the 
 wooden canoe, and awed by the carved figure of 
 a god (a griflin) crouched with expanded wings 
 upon the prow. The crew of the Griffin con- 
 sisted ofvoyageurs and three priests. The head 
 of the mission was Gabriel de la Eobourde, the 
 last living nobleman of an aristocratic house 
 of Burgundy ; another was Hennepin, who 
 wrote a history of tliis expedition. He was 
 not a favorite with La Salle, and was also dis- 
 trusted by Tonti. The Jesuits' anxiety to 
 extend a spiritual kingdom was often met and 
 opposed by as great a zeal to extend an earthly 
 kingdom, and La Salle was often at variance 
 with the nnseions, as tlieir methods were seldom 
 one or the same. The Griffin entered the Straits 
 of Detroit on the 10th of August, 1679. Hen- 
 nepin describes the ])rospect " so well disposed 
 that one would not think nature alone could 
 have made il." They passed through Lake 
 St. Olair on the saint's-day for which it is 
 named, and when they reached Mackinaw La 
 Salle rebuilt the old fort, after which he sailed 
 to (iroon Ray and there met the coureiirs de 
 hois ho had sent out the 3ear before, with a 
 valuable cargo of furs, which he placed upon 
 the tiriffin and despatched her with her valua- 
 ble cargo to Niagara to pay the debts he had 
 contracted. The Griffin sailed away, but was 
 never heard from again. This great misfortune 
 detained La Salle many months at Fort Miami 
 on tlie St. Joseph River, where ho waited for 
 sup])lios the ill-fated Gritlin was lo bring on 
 her return. In view of the cold wintry weather 
 and the limited supplies, he concluded to con- 
 tinue his journey. He left the fort in charge 
 of a few men and with a small band and three 
 monks proceeded to the Illinois River, upon 
 whose banks he built a fort and named it Creve 
 Cojur (Broken Heart), to commemorate his 
 disappointment at the loss of the Griffin. This 
 expedition was badly equipped lor so extended 
 a journey, and as thei'o was no hope of further 
 aid. La Salle was nearly discouraged. His 
 men, worn out with exposure and threatened 
 with famine, were deserting him and enterins; 
 
 the camps iif llie Indians, and sjircading sus- 
 )iicion and discontent among tliem. La Salle's 
 jiacific i)olicy which ho had advocated aniongthe 
 warlike Indians was viewed by the Indians 
 as a pretense to deceive them, and in formal 
 council they sentenced him to death; but he 
 who had braved so many dangers was equal to 
 the emergency. La Salle, unatten'dcd, i-epaired 
 to the camp of the Illinois, and defended his 
 conduct. Ho refuted with scorn the charge of 
 treachery, and boldly demanded the author of 
 the slander. Ho placed before the Indians 
 such convincing arguments for maintaining 
 peace between the tribes, thej' yielded to his 
 eloquence. The calumet was sn\oked and a 
 treaty of peace signed. The intrepid La Salic 
 determined to return to Canada for re-enfoi-ce- 
 ments and a better outfit. The fort was left 
 in charge of a few men, and facing a toilsome 
 and dangerous journey he pursued his way on 
 foot over twelve hundred miles of frozen wil- 
 derness. He subsisted on what ho could kill 
 with his gun; was thi-eatened continually by 
 wild beasts or the lui-king savage. When he 
 at last reached his tlestination he met fresh dis- 
 couragements. His enemies had circulated 
 the report of his death, and all his propertj' 
 had been seized for debt. Fi-ontenac proved a 
 friend indeed in this dark hour, and joined 
 him in a battle against these adversities; and 
 soon, with fresh supplies of men, ammunition 
 and necessary stores of various kinds, ha em- 
 barked for another ex])cdition. When he 
 reached the fort on the Illinois Rive not a man 
 was there. All had fled before the treacherous 
 foe, and sought jieace and safety he knew not 
 where. Again the undaunted explorer re- 
 paired to Frontenac, with whose credit and 
 every available means of his own, he succeeded 
 in again being equipjied fur another enterprise. 
 He found himself uj)on the waters of the Illi- 
 nois in January, l()8i5, and his faithful friend 
 and constant companion, Tonti, reported that 
 thej' reached the Jlississippi on the 7th of Feb- 
 ruary. As they sailed down this long-sought 
 stream, thoy marked the shoals by " hanging a 
 bear skin on a i)olo driven into the sand." 
 They were welcomed by peaceful Indians at 
 various times, and once when their provisions 
 were well-nigh exhausted, they came upon a 
 deserted village of the Illinois and found quan- 
 tities of corn hidden in holes under their wig- 
 wams. They api>ropriated the sui)plies and 
 
DEATH or I, A SAI.LE. 
 
 17 
 
 loa<Joil their i-aiious. The never-failing Hiipjily 
 of fiHh seasoned their frugal fare. La Salle, 
 thoroughly impressed with the right of France 
 to all he could pre-empt in her name, took pos- 
 session of the Missis.'.ippi valley, lli.'^ own 
 notarj- accompanied him from Fort Frontenac, 
 and at important j»oint8 as he met the Indiatis 
 at his landings, he made public proclamations 
 and with imposing ceiemonj- placed tablets or 
 rude memorials on trees or rocks. These were 
 attested by his notarj-, and the Indians made 
 to understand they were under the protection 
 of the greatest King on earth. 
 
 The long-sought outlet of the Mississipjd 
 was reached on the fUh of April, and the 
 aciiievement was celebrated witii many demon- 
 strations of joy. The Te JJenm was chanted, 
 cannons were fired, and the successful French- 
 men shouted Vive le rot. La Salle took formal 
 ]»ossesslon of the country in the name of Louis 
 the Great, King of France and Navarre, and 
 Louisiana was named in honor of Louis XIV. 
 The chevalier saw at once tlic importance of 
 planting permanent colonial settlements in this 
 rich and beautiful land, and he determined to 
 establish one near, or on, the ])reHont site of 
 New Orleans. He returned to France for this 
 purpose and again apjjeared before the Court, 
 ile met a well-eai-ncd welcome, and presented 
 his cause to the willing ears of interested and 
 influential men. La Salle [iroposed to his 
 government the feasibility of taking all the 
 Spanish provinces in America; that they 
 were rich in silver and gold mines, and 
 were only defended by a few effeminate 
 Spanish soldiers;' that he could relj' on four 
 thousaml Indian warriors from Fort St. Louis, 
 who would respond with alacrity to his sum- 
 mons and descend the Father of Waters and 
 join him in the expedition. Such prospects of 
 untold treasure won the hearts of all who heard 
 La Salle, and he was given four shij>s, one 
 hundred soldiers were enrolled, Vjesides me- 
 chanics and laborers, including a number of 
 gentlemen and burgers of distinction. Nor 
 were the missionaries wanting. Among them 
 were La Salle's brother and two other priests 
 of the order of St. Sulpicc,and three Recollects. 
 The compan)-, including the families of the 
 colonists and the sailors, numbered two hun- 
 dred and eighty. They were ordered to stop at 
 St. Domingo to take on board fifty buccaneers. 
 The largest ship was named the Jolly, and 
 
 carried thirly-si.x guns. All the shijis were 
 laden with goods, provisions, farming imple- 
 ments, guns and other necessary articles for a 
 pioneer's outfit. Thus amply provided with 
 men and materials to found a colonj', La Salle 
 left his native land full of hope. After the .ships 
 were well on their voyage a spirit of rivalry, 
 from the captain of the Jolly to the smallest 
 officer, became manifest, and one disaster after 
 another but added to the discontent. The 
 S(iuadron missed the mouth of the river, one 
 ship after another was wrecked, and at last as 
 the store ship sunk and the worthless captain 
 deserting, the men who saw from the land the 
 mismanagement disi)laycd in this last priceless 
 loss, broke out openly in their reproaches 
 againstone who had led them on their ill-starred 
 adventure. The spirit of insubordination had 
 permeated the hearts of the colonists for so 
 long a period, it was impossible to restore con- 
 fidence and courage. La Salle shared all their 
 hardships, and promised, if necessary, to go on 
 foot to Quebec for re-enforcements and sujjplies. 
 The half famished men with a few families de- 
 pended upon game for food ; their clothing was 
 worn to shreds; they protected their feet on 
 the rou'^'h way with buffalo-hide, which they 
 were obliged to keep moist in order to walk 
 without pain. While all about him were dis- 
 couraged and reproaching him for the unlooked- 
 for and unavoidable disasters that encompassed 
 them. La Salle, constant in adversity and un- 
 dismayed in the midst of the gravest difficulty, 
 pursued his journey to Creve Ca-ur. At times 
 he seemed oppressed by a profound melancholy, 
 as if warned of his approaching doom, and the 
 last day of his weary march on earth expressed 
 himself surprised at his want of confidence in 
 every one of his followers, as he had never in- 
 jured any one, and had not lived for himself, 
 but had endured many hardships that he might 
 lead his countrymen to a land of plenty, if only 
 thej- had the required means to obtain it. 
 While he was alone in thefadingday, wrapi<ed 
 in meditation, he was assassinated by a vin- 
 dictive miscreant on the 19tb of March, 1687. 
 Thus perished ingloriously the ardent, self- 
 .sacrificing La Salle. Hennepin .said, " He was 
 generous, courteous, ingenious, learned, and 
 capable of everything." One of the many he- 
 roes, who in seeking glory, wealth and domin- 
 ion for their country, sacrifice their comfort, 
 their own hapjiiness and their life. 
 
CHAPTER III.* 
 
 EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 FROM the time when the footsteps of the 
 white man first penetrated the forests of 
 our Commonwealth, until the power of France 
 on our continent was terminated by the victory 
 of Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham, the entire 
 Territory of Michigan was under the undis- 
 puted dominion of France, and virtually it re- 
 mained a part of Canada until 1796, when, 
 under the jjrovisions of Jay's treat}', it was 
 surrendered to the United States. From 
 France we received our first laws, our original 
 social polity, our early religious character; and 
 although the wave of Anglo Saxon emigration 
 has within a third of a century rolled in upon 
 us a population of half a million, it has not 
 obliterated, and it is to be hoped it never will 
 obliterate, the clear and distinct influence upon 
 our social character of the era of French do- 
 minion. 
 
 We may not forget— we should ever be proud 
 to remember — that for the first century of its 
 existence the metropolis of our State, the City 
 of the Straits, was essentially French in all 
 its characteristics. We should never forget 
 that the pioneers of civilization and Chris- 
 tianity along the shores of the noble rivers and 
 mighty lakes that form the boundaries of our 
 State, were French .Jesuits. These men, with a 
 firm and inti-epid step, in the face of dangers, 
 toils, sacrifices and suff'erings which no language 
 can portray and no imagination adequately 
 conceive, bore aloft the torch of Christian 
 truth amidst the moral darkness and desola- 
 tion that here reigned in terrible and savage 
 grandeur; and, sustained by a mental and 
 moral discipline known to few, and hj that 
 unfaltering trust in God which, thank heaven, 
 is confined to no creed or sect, they met -nay, 
 welcomed — torture and death with a calm joy- 
 ousness that finds few parallels in the annals 
 of mankind. 
 
 The memory of those early .Jesuit mission- 
 ai-ies to the Indians has been embalmed in the 
 
 glowing pages of Bancroft. Be mine the far 
 humbleitask to call your attention for an hour, 
 somewhat more in detail than comports with 
 general history, to the labors of these men 
 on our own soil, or so immediately adjacent 
 thereto as appropriately to form a part of our 
 history. 
 
 On the 3d of July, 1608, less than fourteen 
 months after the establishment of the first per- 
 manent English colony at Jamestown, the gal- 
 lant Champlain founded Quebec 
 " On the rock whose haughty brow 
 Frowned o'er St. Lawrence' foaming tide," 
 and for acenturj^ and a half, during which the 
 fearful struggle was kept uj) on this continent 
 between France and England for its dominion, 
 it continued the center of French power in 
 America. In 1615 the first priests reached 
 New France. They were Recollects, four in 
 number, with Father Cari'on, the Superior of 
 the Mission, at their head. In 1625 they were 
 reenforcod bj- three otiier priests of the same 
 order, and at this time the first religions senii- 
 nar}' in America was founded by them at 
 Quebec. 
 
 In 1625 the first company of Jesuits arrived. 
 They «ere sent out under the patronage of the 
 Duke de Ventadour, a nobleman of great piety, 
 who was Viceroj- of the colony, but who gave 
 to Champlain the entire direction of temporal 
 affairs, reserving to himself the charge of pro- 
 moting the conversion of the Indians to Chris- 
 tianity. Up to 1627 the colony of Quebec, 
 although founded under the regal sanction, 
 had been established and mainly governed by 
 a comjiany of traders, many of whom were 
 Huguenots ; and, although they were restrained 
 b}- royal authoritj' from teaching the Indians 
 anything but the Catholic faith, among the 
 colonists tiiemselves religious differences and 
 dissensions sprang up and disturbed their 
 harmony. Cardinal Richelieu, who then with 
 an absolute sway governed France in the name 
 
 'From Pioneer Collection, by C. I. Walker. 
 
 [18] 
 
EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 19 
 
 of the King, and whose universal panacea for 
 social evils was the harsh exercise of an iron 
 power, revoked the privileges of the original 
 company, and transferred Canada, its trade 
 and its government, to the Company of the 
 Hundred Associates, granting to them exten- 
 sive powers and privileges. The company' on 
 their part were to take out sixteen thousand 
 emigrants in fifteen years, none of whom were 
 to bo Protestants or other heretics, or Jews. 
 
 In 1(>29 the infant colony, not yet rooted to 
 the soil, was captured by an English fleet under 
 Sir David Kirk. So feeble was it in numbers 
 that in the articles of capitulation Champlain 
 |>rovided for a single ship to be furnished to 
 take the settlers back to their native bind. 
 .^[ost of the ecclesiastics returned to France 
 witli Champlain, but the body of the colonists 
 remained. The French Government scarcely 
 deemed the colony of sufficient value to make 
 an effort for its recovery, but the counsels of 
 tlie enlightened Champlain prevailed, and 
 Canada was restored to France by the Peace 
 of St. Germain, in 1()82. In lfi33 Champlain 
 returned to Quebec to resume his government, 
 and with him came Brebeuf and one other 
 Jesuit. 
 
 The Recollects were not permitted to return, 
 under the pretense that, being a mendicant 
 order, they were not well adapted to a new 
 country, nor was it until 1669 that thoj- were 
 re-established in the colony. 
 
 Up to this period (1638) but little progress 
 had been made in the conversion of the In- 
 dians. The Hurons were the first nation that 
 cordially opened their hearts to the reception 
 of the Christian faith. They occupied a some- 
 what anomalous position in ix'lation to the two 
 great divisions into which the Indians border- 
 ing on the St. Ijawrcnce and its tributaries 
 were divided — the Algonquins and the Iroquois. 
 
 When Jacques Cartier ascended the St. Law- 
 rence in 1534, he found its banks inhabited by 
 tribes of the great Algonquins, and at Hoce- 
 laga, or Montreal, he found a very populous 
 Indian town. "When Champlain first raised 
 the banner of France on the rock of St. Louis, 
 the Algonquins gathered arouml him to give 
 him welcome. He found them the hereditary 
 enemies of their neighbors, the Iroquois, a race 
 with similar habits but a radically different 
 language, fewer in numbers and occupying a 
 country far less in extent of territory; but 
 
 these disadvantages were more than comi)en- 
 sated by their compactness, their admirable 
 system of government, by their superior 
 prowess, and by their haughty ambition. Oc- 
 cupying a territory but little larger than the 
 State of New York, they arrogantly aspired to 
 be the Komans of the western world, the arbi- 
 ters of peace and war from the Atlantic to the 
 Mississippi, from the great lakes to the ever- 
 glades of Florida. Their tomahawks carried 
 terror and destruction to the villages of the 
 peaceful Illinois on the broad prairies of the 
 West, and the fiendlike yell of their war-parties 
 was echoed back by the rocks tiiat r.mged 
 themselves on the shores of the mighty lake of 
 the North. 
 
 The Hurons, or Wyandots, were of the 
 .same lingual stock as the Iroquois, and occu- 
 pied for a time a sort of neutral position be- 
 tween the great contestants for aboriginal 
 dominion. They had the intellectual superior- 
 ity of the Iroquois without their love of war or 
 their lust of power. They had gathered in 
 large numbers about Georgian Bay and Lake 
 Simcoe, where they sustained themselves b3- 
 hunting, fishing, and a more perfect system of 
 agriculture than generally prevaileil among the 
 Indians. The ^-ear of the settlement of Quebec, 
 Champlain joined an expedition of the Algon- 
 quins of the St. I^awrence into the country of 
 the Iroquois, by way of the beautiful lake that 
 bears his name ; and from him in that expedi- 
 tion those fierce warriors first learned the terri- 
 ble power of firearms. From that moment thej' 
 became the bitter enemies of the French, who 
 had thus espoused the c:iuse of their hereditary 
 foes, and at frequent inlei-vals for a century 
 and a half the French colonies suffered from 
 their vindictive and cruel wrath. 
 
 The Hurons at a very early day became the 
 fast friends of the French. As early as 1615 
 Father Carron visited them on an embassy of 
 peace and love, and from 1622 to 1625 the 
 Recollects had a mission among them. On the 
 arrival of Brebeuf they commenced their labors 
 amongst the Hurons — labors which were to 
 have so tragic an end. Brebeuf acquired a 
 knowledge of the language and manners, and 
 was adopted into their nation. By the conquest 
 of Canada, 1629, the mi.ssion was broken up, 
 but it was renewed with increa.sed zeal and 
 numbers in 1633, on the restoration of French 
 power. Then villages were reached by the 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 circuitous, lalioriotiK nmi ihuigerous route of 
 the Ottawa Eiver, the mor6 direct route being 
 tln-ough a country occupied by the Iroquois, 
 who were found upon tlie war-path. The jour- 
 ney was replete with diificulties, havdsiiips and 
 dangers, reaching for three hundred leagues 
 through dense forests. The rivers were full of 
 roclvs and waterfalls, and the missionaries were 
 compelled to ply the paddle, draw the canoe 
 over rapids, and carry heavy burdens over 
 roughest portages. Food was scarce and the 
 Indians unfriendly, but after severe toil and 
 intense suffering, the sacred envoys, Brebeuf 
 and Daniel, reached the heart of the Huron 
 wilderness and commenced their labors, soon 
 to be followed by Lalemant and many others. 
 Here for fifteen subsequent years the Jesuits 
 continued with calm, impassive courage and un- 
 wearied patience their self-denying labors, in 
 the midst of privations, peril, suffering, insult, 
 contumely, and danger the most imminent, the 
 details of which would make a volume of 
 thrilling interest. 
 
 The arm of French power had not yet taught 
 the savages the sacred character of the Black 
 Coats, as the Jesuits were called to distinguisli 
 them from the Recollects, or the Gray Coats. 
 The medicine men of the Indians, feeling that 
 their craft was in danger, spared no opportu 
 nity to arouse against them savage hate. Mis- 
 fortune, sickness and death were all charged 
 upon them as the fruit of their prayers and 
 ceremonies, and the baptism of a dj'ing infant 
 was sometimes a source of imminent danger. 
 To avoid this they often resorted to stratagem. 
 Father Pigart, being rudely repulsed from a 
 cabin whose inmates refused to have a dying 
 infant baptized, offered to the little sufferer 
 a piece of sugar, and unperceived, though 
 watched, pressed from a wet cloth a droj) of 
 holy water upon his favorite's brow. But ulti- 
 mately the patience and loving perseverance of 
 the missionaries overcame all opposition, and 
 the Huron nation received the truth. But the 
 hour of their destruction was at hand. The 
 terrihle Iroquois came down upon them like a 
 wolf upon the fold. 
 
 In Jul}', 1648, at carl}' dawn, while the men 
 were mostl}' absent on a hunting ])arty, the 
 populous town of Te-an-an-sta-gue was aroused 
 by the fearful war-cry of the Iroquois. The 
 few defenders arrive at the feeble palisades, en- 
 couraged by the godly Father Daniel. Hastil}', 
 
 as if the salvation of souls hung on each flying 
 moment, he confesses, baptizes by asj^ersion, 
 pronounces general absolution, and flies to the 
 chapel, where many of his flock have gathered' 
 for safety He does the same there, exhorts 
 them to flee from the rear of the chapel, and 
 himself boldlj' opens the front door and faces 
 the approaching foe to give a moment's time 
 to his flying flock. They recoil at the brave 
 man's presence, but soon they rally, his body 
 is riddled with aiu'ows, a fatal bullet finishes 
 the work — he falls, breathing the name of 
 Jesus, and his body is cast into the fire made 
 by his burning chapel. 
 
 The following year, in March, other towns 
 fell, and the brave and noble Brebeuf and the 
 gentle and loving Gabriel Lalemant met death 
 bj' tortures that only demons could invent or 
 demons inflict. The whole annals of martyr- 
 dom scarcely afford a parallel either of the in- 
 genious cruelty of the tormentors or the won- 
 derful fortitude and Christian heroism of the 
 victims. 
 
 The Huron nation was destroyed. Many 
 pieri.shed by the hand of the enemy, others sub- 
 mitted and became incorporated in their tribes. 
 Another portion settled near Quebec; and a 
 small fraction, consisting of six or eight hun- 
 dred, fled first to the Manitoulin Islands, 
 thence to Mackinaw, from there to Bay de 
 Noquet, and when the mission at La Pointe 
 was established, 1665, they gathered around the 
 standard of the cross erected by Father Allouez. 
 Driven from thence by the Dacotahs, they 
 were established at Mackinaw by Marquette in 
 1671. When Detroit was founded in 1701, they 
 removed to this point. In 1751 they removed 
 mostly to Sandusky, and subsequently, by the 
 name of the Wj-andots, took an active and 
 conspicuous part on the side of the British 
 in the War of the Revolution. They have 
 been from the time of their dispersion, wander- 
 ers without territory of their own, depending 
 for a home upon the hospitalitj' of other na- 
 tions. 
 
 It was from the Huron mission that the first 
 missionary exjjlorers were sent forth to ex- 
 amine the moral desolation of our Territory. 
 At a feast of the dead held in Huronia, in early 
 summer, 1641, there was in attendance a dele- 
 gation from the Chippewas of Sault Ste. Marie. 
 The missionaries, with that skill which was 
 peculiar to them, soon ingratiated themselves 
 
EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 21 
 
 into their favoi', and were conlially invited to 
 return with thoni to their homes on the con- 
 tines of the Great Lake, the charms of which 
 tliey depicted in glowing colors. The mis- 
 sionaries, ever anxious to extend the domin- 
 ion of the cross, joyfully accepted the invita- 
 tion. Charles IJaj-mbauit, a Father thoroughly 
 versed in the Algonquin language and customs, 
 and Isaac Jogues, eqnall}' familiar with the 
 Huron, were selected, and were the first who 
 planted the cross within the limits of our 
 State. On the 17th of June, 1641, they started 
 upon their adventurous voyage, and for seven- 
 teen days plied the paddle on the clear waters 
 of the northern lakes and through the channel 
 of the Ste. Marie River, gemmed by a thou.sand 
 beautiful islands. They were kindly and 
 hospitably received by the Chippewas at the 
 Saiilt, who urged them to remain with them 
 that they might profit by their word. They 
 told them of the Great Lake, of the fierce Da- 
 cotahs, and of numerous other tribes of whom 
 the Fathers had never before heard. But they 
 were compelled to return, and after planting 
 the cross they left, hoping soon to be able to es- 
 tablish a mission at this promising point among 
 the docile Chippewas. Eaymbault died with 
 consumption the following 3'ear, anil Jogues 
 met a martyr's death among the Iroquois. 
 
 No further attempt was made to send the 
 gospel to the great Northwest until 1656. 
 After the destruction of the Hurons, the 
 Iroquois reigned in proud and haughty tri- 
 umph from Lake Erie to Lake Superior. Up- 
 per Canada was a desolation, and even the 
 route by- the Ottawa River was not safe from 
 the war-parties of these bold marauders. 
 This year some Ottawas made their waj- to the 
 St. Lawrence. Two missionaries left to return 
 with them, one the celebrated and devout 
 Dreuiilettes. They were attacked by the 
 Iroquois. Father Gareau was mortally woun- 
 ded, and Dreuiilettes lirutally abandoned. An- 
 other company of Ottawas and other Algon- 
 quius appeared in (Quebec in IGtiO.aiul asked a 
 missionary-. 
 
 Missions had now n^ceived a fresh impulse 
 from the pious Lalle,the first bishop of Quebec, 
 who came out in 1669, and Father Menard was 
 selected as the first ambassadoi- of the cause on 
 the shores of Gitchie Guraee, the Big Sea 
 Water. The choice was a fit one. He had 
 been a compeer of the noble men who had en- 
 
 riched Huronia with thoir blood, and had ex- 
 perienced every vicissitude of missionary serv- 
 ice and suffering. He had rejoiced in bap- 
 tizing many a convert on the banks of the 
 beautiful Cayuga, and his seamed face attested 
 the wounds he had received in the cause of 
 truth. The frosts of many winters adorned his 
 bi'ow, and severity of toil and suffering had 
 somewhat broken his frame, but his spirit was 
 still stx'ong and he was ready for the sacrifice. 
 Although not buoyed up by the enthusiasm of 
 youth or inexperience, he not only did not recoil 
 from the labor, peril, suffering and death which 
 he felt awaited him, but he cheerfully looked 
 forward to a death of misery in the service of 
 God as the truest happiness. Alone in August, 
 1660, he leaves the haunts of civilization, puts 
 himself into the hands of .savage strangers. 
 They- treat the aged priest with coar.se bru- 
 tality. From morning until night theycompel 
 him in a cramped position to j)iy the unwel- 
 come paddle, to drag the canoe up the rapids, 
 and at portages to carry heavy burdens. He 
 is subjected to every form of drudgery, to 
 every phase of insult and contempt. AVant, 
 absolute and terrible, comes in to enhance the 
 horrors of the voyage. Berries and edible 
 moss are exhausted, and the moose-skin of 
 their dresses is made to yield its scanty and 
 disgusting nutriment. Finally, with his bre. 
 viary contemj)tuously cast into the water, bare- 
 foot, wounded by sharp stones, exhausted with 
 toil, hunger and brutal treatment, without 
 food or the means »f procuring any, he is aban- 
 doned on the shores of Lake Superior to die. 
 But even savage cruelty relents. After a few 
 days, during which time he supports life on 
 pounded bones, his Indian companions return 
 and convey him to their winter rendezvous, 
 which they reach October 15th, St. Theresa's 
 day, and from that circumstance he called it 
 St. Theresa's Bay (probably Keweenaw Bay). 
 Here, amidst every discouragement and priva- 
 tion, and with no white brethren nearer than 
 Montreal, he began a mission and said mass, 
 which, he says, "repaid me with usury for all 
 my past hardships." For a time he was per- 
 mitted a place in the dirty camp of Le Bouchet, 
 the chief of the band — he who had so cruelly 
 abandoned him — but he was soon thrust out, 
 and this aged and feeble servant of God spent 
 two long, bitter, cold winters on that inliospi- 
 table shore in a little cabin of fir branches piled 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 one upon another, throiigli which the winter 
 winds whistled freely, and which answered the 
 jjurpose, " not so much," says the meek mis- 
 sionary', " to shield me from the rigor of the 
 season, as to correct my imagination and per- 
 suade me that I was sheltered." Want, famine, 
 that frequent curse of the improvident tribes 
 that skirt the great northern lake, came with 
 its horrors to make more memorable this first 
 effort to plant the cross by the waters of Lake 
 Superior. 
 
 But the good Father found sources of conso- 
 lation even here, and desired not to be taken 
 down from the adorable wood. " One of my 
 fli-st visits," says he, " was in a wretched hut, 
 dug out under a large rotten tree, which 
 shielded it on one side, and supported by some 
 fir branches which sheltered it from the wind. 
 I entered on the other side almost flat on mj^ 
 face, but creeping in I found a treasure— a fioor 
 woman, abandoned by her husband and her 
 daughter, who had left her two dying children, 
 one about two and the other about three years 
 old. I spoke of tiie faith to this poor afflicted 
 creature, who listened to me with pleasure. 
 ' Brother,' said she, ' I know well that our folks 
 reject thy words, but for my part I like them 
 well; what thou sayest is full of consolation.' 
 With these words she drew from under the tree 
 a piece of dry fish which, so to say, she took 
 from her very mouth to repay my visit. I 
 thanked her, however, valuing more the happy 
 occasion which God gave me of securing the 
 .salvation of these two children, hj conferring 
 on them holy baptism. I returned some time 
 after to this good creature, and found her full 
 of resolution lo serve God ; and in fact from 
 that time she began to come to morning and 
 evening prayers so constantly that she did not 
 fail once, however busied or engaged in gaining 
 her livelihood." A pure and noble young man 
 also embraced the faith, and a few others gladly 
 received "the prayer." 
 
 Spring came and relieved the pressure of 
 suffering, and hopefully did the missionai-}' 
 labor on. The band of partially Christianized 
 ilurons, who on the destruction of their nation 
 had sought refuge from the Iroquois in these 
 northern fastnesses, were now at Bay de No- 
 quet, and sent to Father Menard to come and 
 see them and administer to them the rites of 
 religion. It was a call that he could not resist, 
 although warned that the toil of the journey 
 
 was too great for his failing strength, and that 
 danger beset his path. He replied : "God calls 
 me thither. I must go if it cost me my life." 
 He started, and, at a portage, while his only at- 
 tendant was getting the canoe over, on the 10th 
 of August, 1661, he wandered into the forest 
 and was never more seen. Whether he took a 
 wrong path and was lost in the wood, or 
 whether some straggling Indian struck him 
 down, was never known. 
 
 Thus ended the life of Father Menard, the 
 first Christian missionary who labored within 
 the bounds of our Commonwealth. Without 
 striking qualities, by his fervent piety, by his 
 fiiithful and incessant toil, by his calm endu- 
 rance of suffering and hardship, by his noble 
 Christian courage, by his earnest faith and 
 Christian hope, he had become one of the most 
 useful missionaries in the New World, com- 
 manding the respect of his superiors, the love 
 of his equals, and the veneration of the Indians. 
 As a pioneer in our own State, Michigan should 
 cherish his memory and seek to perpetuate a 
 knowledge of his virtues; but as yet, not a 
 stream, not a bay, not a headland, bears his 
 honored name, and on the shores of the great 
 lake where he first raised the cross, that em- 
 blem of our faith, even his existence is hardly 
 known. 
 
 Hardships, discouragements, persecutions 
 and death seemed oulj- to excite the Jesuits to 
 renewed and more energetic effort to carry the 
 gospel to the poor Indian. In 1665, Claude 
 Allouez left Quebec to commence a Christian 
 mission on the shores of Lake Superior. He 
 may -well be called the founder of the north- 
 western missions, the real pioneer of Christian- 
 ity and civilization in the region bordering on 
 the great northern and western lakes. He 
 had not that cultivated intellect, that refined 
 taste, that genial heart, that elevation of soul, 
 that fbrgetfulness of self, that freedom from 
 exaggeration, that distinguished Father Mar- 
 quette ; but his was a strong character of daunt- 
 less courage, of ceaseless and untiring energy, 
 full of zeal, thoroughly acquainted with Indian 
 character, and eminentlj- a practical man, and 
 for a full quarter of a century he was the life 
 and soul of the missionary enterprise into Wis- 
 consin and Illinois, and, to some extent, in 
 Michigan. 
 
 In his voyage to the Sault he was subjected, 
 as was generally the case with the missionaries 
 
EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 23 
 
 until the arm of French power was distinctly 
 felt in those remote regions, to keenest insult 
 anil coarsest brutality from his Indian conduc- 
 tors. He passed on heyond the Sault; for a 
 whole month he coasted along the shores of 
 the great lake, and in October, at Chegoimegon, 
 the beautiful La Pointe of our day, he raised 
 the standard of the cross and boldly preached 
 its doctrines. The Hurons, in search of whom 
 Father Menard lost his life, some of tlic con- 
 verts of Father Menard, and many heathen 
 bands, gathered around the solitary priest and 
 listened to his words, yet they opened not their 
 hearts readily to "the prayer." He visited 
 remote tribes; and alter seeing how broad 
 was the harvest and how ripe for the sickle, 
 he descended in 1G67 to Quebec for more 
 laborers. Quickly he moved, promptly he 
 acted. In two days after his arrival he was on 
 his wa}' back to the beautiful northern tield, 
 with an additional priest and a lay-brother in 
 his company. 
 
 He remained at La Pointe until Father Mar- 
 quette took his place in the fall of 1679, when 
 he founded the mission of St. Francis Xavier 
 at Green Bay. After Father Marquette's death 
 he succeeded him in the Illinois mission, and 
 afterwards founded the mission of St. Joseph 
 on our own beautiful river of that name. It 
 does not fall in with our purpose to trace the 
 interesting career of this man, and point out 
 his abundant labors and untiring zeal as a mis- 
 sionary, or his valuable services as an explorer. 
 as our own soil was but incidentally the tield 
 of his efforts. 
 
 Of all the men whose names ai-e connected 
 with the early history of our State, there is none 
 toward whom we turn with so warm a love, so 
 high a veneration, as to Father Jacques Mar- 
 quette. His cultivated mind, his refined taste, 
 his warm and genial nature, his tender love for 
 the souls in his charge, his calm and im- 
 movable courage in every hour of danger, his 
 cheerful submission to the bitter privations 
 and keen sufferings of the missionary life, his 
 important discoveries, his devotion to truth, 
 his catholic faith, and last but not least, his 
 early, calm, joyous and heroic death, all en- 
 title him to that high place in the regard of 
 posterity which he has been slowly but surely 
 acquiring. 
 
 Marquette was born in 1637, and was of 
 gentle blood, being descended from the most 
 
 notable famil}' in the small but ancient and 
 stately city of Leon, in the North of France. 
 The family have for centuries been eminent for 
 devotion to military life, and three of its 
 members shed their blood upon our own soil 
 during the AVar of the Eevolution. 
 
 Through the instructions of a pious mother 
 he became at an early age imbued with an 
 earnest desire to devote himself to a religiou.s 
 life. At the age of seventeen he renounced the 
 allurements of the world, and entered the 
 Society of Jesus. As required by the rules of 
 the order, he spent two years in those spiritual 
 exercises prescribed by its great founder. Then 
 for ten long years he remained under the re- 
 markable training and teachii-.g of the order, 
 and acquired that wonderful control, that quiet 
 repose, that power of calm endurance, that un- 
 questioning obedience to his superiors, that 
 thirst for trial, suffering and death that marked 
 the Jesuits in this golden age of their power. 
 He took for his model in life the great Xavier, 
 and longed like him to devote his da3-s to the 
 conversion of the heathen, and like him to die 
 in the midst of his labors in a foreign land 
 alone. Although he liad not that joyous 
 hilarity of soul, that gay buoj-ancy of spirit, 
 and that wondei'ful power overmen, that sodis- 
 tinguished the Apostle to the Indies, he had 
 much of that sweetness of disposition, that 
 genial temperament, that facile adaptation to 
 the surrounding circumstances, that depth of 
 love, and that apostolic zeal, that belonged t-j 
 that remarkable man. Panting for a mission- 
 ary life, at the age of twenty-nine he sailed for 
 New Prance, which he reached September 20, 
 1666. Early in October he was placed under 
 the tuition of the celebrated Father Dreuil- 
 lettes, at Three Rivers, to learn the native lan- 
 guage. After a year and a half of preparation 
 he left for the Sault Ste. Marie, to plant the 
 first permanent mission and settlement within 
 the bounds of our State. 
 
 There were then about two thousand Indians 
 at this point, the facility with which they could 
 live b}^ hunting and fishing making it one of 
 the most populous places in the Indian territory. 
 They were Algonquins, mostly Chippewas, and 
 received the teachings of the good Father with 
 great docility and would gladlj- have been bap- 
 tized, but the wi.so and ca\itious missionary- 
 withheld the rite until he could clearly instruct 
 them in Christian duty. In the following year 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 he was joined by Father Dablon, when the first 
 Christian church on Michigan soil was erected. 
 But he was not long to remain in this first 
 field of his labors. In obedience to orders from 
 his superiors, in the fill! of 1669 he went to La 
 Pointe to take the place of Allouez, who pro- 
 ceeded to found a mission at Green Bay. For 
 a whole month, through much suffering and in 
 constant peril of life, he coasted along the 
 shores of the lake, contending with tierce winds, 
 ice, and snow. At La Pointe he found four or 
 five hundi-ed Hurons, a companj- of Ottawas, 
 and some other tribes. The Hurons had mosth^ 
 been baptized, and, he says, "still preserve 
 .some Christianity." Other tribes were, to use 
 his own language, "proud and undeveloped," 
 and he had so little hope of them that he did 
 not baptize healthy infants, watching only for 
 such as were sick. It was onl)' after long 
 months of trial that he baptized the fii-st adult, 
 after seeing his assiduity in prayer, his frank- 
 ness in recounting his past lilo, and his ])rom- 
 ises for the future. Here an Illinois captive 
 was given to him, and he immediately com- 
 menced learning the language from the rude 
 teacher, and as he gradually acquired a knowl- 
 edge of it his loving heart warmed toward the 
 kind-hearted and peaceful nation, and he longed 
 to break to them the bread of life. 
 
 " No one," he exclaimed, " must hoj^e to es- 
 cape cros.ses in our missions, and the best 
 means to live happy is not to fear them, but in 
 the enjoyment of little crosses hope for others 
 still greater. The Illinois desire us — like In- 
 dians — to sliai'e their misery, and suffer all that 
 can be imagined in bai'barism. They are lost 
 sheep, to be sought through woods and thorns." 
 Here it was, in the heart of this northern win- 
 ter, surrounded by his Indians, talking in a 
 broken manner with his Illinois captive, that 
 he conceived the idea of a voyage of discovery. 
 He heai's of a great river, the Mississippi, ^vhose 
 course is southward. He says this great river 
 can hardly empty into Virginia, and he rather 
 believes that its mouth is in California. He 
 rejoices in the prospect of seeking for this un- 
 known stream with one Frenchman and this 
 Illinois captive as his only companions, if the 
 Indians will, according to their agreement, 
 make him a canoe. " This discovery," he says, 
 "will give us a complete knowledge of the 
 southern or western sea." But his further 
 labors at La Pointe, and his plans of present 
 
 discovery, were suddenly terminated by the 
 breaking out of war. The fierce Dacotahs, 
 those Iroquois of the "West, who inspired the 
 feeble tribes about them with an overpowering 
 awe, threatened to desolate the region of La 
 Pointe. The Ottawas first left, and then the 
 Hurons — who seemed to be destined to be wan- 
 derers on the face of the earth, without a .spot 
 they could call their own — turned their faces 
 toward the East. Their hearts fondlj^ yearned 
 for that delightful home from which they had 
 been .so cruelly driven twenty years before, 
 and we may well imagine that the devoted mis- 
 sionary longed to labor in that field made 
 sacred b}' the blood of Daniel, Brebeuf, Lale- 
 mant and others. But the dreaded Iroquois 
 were too near and too dangerous neighbors for 
 such an experiment, and with their missionary 
 at their head they selected for their home the 
 point known as St. Ignace, opposite Mackinaw. 
 Bleak, barren and inhospitable as this spot 
 was, it bad some peculiar and compen.satory 
 advantages. It abounded in fish, and was on 
 the great highway of a growing Indian com. 
 merce. Here, in the summer of 1671, a rude 
 church, made of logs and covered with bark, 
 was erected, and around it clustered the still 
 ruder cabins of the Hurons. Near the chapel, 
 and enclosing the cabins of the Hurons, was 
 erected a palisade, to protect the little colony 
 againstthe attacksofpi'edatory Indians. Thus 
 did Marquette become the founder of Macki- 
 naw, as he had before been of Sault Ste. Marie. 
 Some of the Hurons were still idolaters, and 
 the Christians were wild and wayward, but lie 
 looked upon them with parental love. " They 
 have," he writes in 1672, " come regularly to 
 prayers, and have listened more readily to the 
 instructions I have given them, consenting to 
 what I have required to prevent their disor- 
 ders and abominations. We must have patience 
 with untutored minds, who know only the 
 devil; who, like their ancestors, have been his 
 slaves, and who often relapse into the sins in 
 which they were nurtured. God alone can fix 
 their feeble minds and place and keep them in 
 his grace, and touch their hearts, while we 
 stammer at their ears." 
 
 A large colony of Ottawas located near the 
 mission, and though intractable, received his 
 faithful and loving attention. This stammer- 
 ing at their ears and trusting that God would 
 reach the heart, through privation, suffering, 
 
 I 
 
EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 and incessant toil, subject to every caprice, in- 
 sult and petty persecution, the good father 
 labored at for two years, cheered by theprivilege 
 of occasionally baptizing a dying infant, and 
 rejoicing in a simple, mournful, loving faith in 
 its death. Hearing of a sick infant he says, " I 
 went at once and baptized it, and it died the 
 next night. Some of the other children, too, 
 are dead, and are now in heaven. These are 
 the consolations which God sends us, which 
 make us esteem our life more happy as it is 
 more wretched." 
 
 Here again his attention was called to the 
 discovery of the Mississippi, which he sought 
 that new nations might be open to the gospel 
 of peace and good will. In a letter to his Su- 
 perior, after speaking of his field of labor, he 
 says: " I am ready to leave it in the hands of 
 another missionary and go on your order to seek 
 new nations toward the South Sea who are still 
 unknown to us, and teach them of our great 
 God, whom they have hitherto unknown." His 
 fond wishes in this regard were about to be 
 gratified. The news of the great river at the 
 westward, running to the South Sea, had 
 reached the ears of the great Colbert, and 
 through him of the great Louis XIV. himself. 
 They did not fail to see the infinite advantage 
 of discovering and possessing this great element 
 of territorial power. 
 
 The struggle between the English and French 
 in America was then pending. If the English 
 settlements, then feeble, scattered along the 
 Atlantic coast, could be hemmed in by a series 
 of French posts from the great lakes to the 
 southern sea, France would control the conti- 
 nent and the ambitious schemes of Britain be 
 nipped in the bud. Colbert authorized the 
 expedition, and was abl^- seconded b}- the 
 wise energj- and sagacious forecast of Count 
 Frontenac, Governor and Inteudant of New 
 France. Joliet, a young, intelligent, enter- 
 prising merchant of Quebec, and Marciuette, 
 were appointed to e.xecute the pioject. In the 
 fall of 1672 Joliet arrived at -Mackinaw with 
 the joyful news. Marquette had, as he says, 
 long invoked the Blessed Virgin that he might 
 obtain of God the grace to visit the nations of 
 the Mississippi. He was enraptured at the 
 good news that his desires were about to be 
 accomplished, that he was to expose his life for 
 the salvation of those nations, and especially of 
 the Illinois .Thev were not to leave until 
 
 spring. During that long, dreary winter on 
 that desolate point, he spent his leisure time 
 in gathering from the Indians all possible 
 information of the unknown region they were 
 about to visit, tracing upon the bark of the 
 birch maps of the course of rivers, and writing 
 down the names of the tribes and nations in- 
 habiting their banks and of the villages they 
 should visit. 
 
 On the 17th of Maj', 1673, in two bark canoes, 
 manned by five men, and stocked with a small 
 supply of Indian corn and dried venison, the 
 two explorers left JIackinaw. " Our joy at 
 being chosen," says the great Father, " for this 
 expedition, roused our courage and sweetened 
 the labor of rowing from morning till night," 
 and merrily over the waters of Lake Michigan 
 did they ply the paddles of their light canoe — 
 
 " And the forest's life was in it, 
 All its mystery and magic, 
 All the lightness of the birch-tree, 
 All the toughness of the cedar, 
 All the larch's supple sinews ; 
 And it floated on the water 
 Like a yellow leaf m .Autumn, 
 Like a yellow water-lily." 
 
 At Green Bay the Indians did all in their 
 power to prevent the further progress of the 
 expeilition. They pictured to the explorers 
 the fierce Dacotahs with tifeir long black hair, 
 their eyes of fire, and their terrible tomahawks 
 of stone, who never spared strangers; tiiey told 
 of the wars then raging, and the war parties 
 on every trail ; they described the dangers of 
 navigation — of frightful rapids and sunken 
 rocks, of fearful mon.sters that swallowed up 
 men and canoes together; of a cruel demon 
 who stops the passage and engulfs the navi- 
 gator who dares to invade his dominion ; of 
 excessive heats that would infallibly cause their 
 death. The good Father told them that the 
 salvation of souls was concerned, and that in 
 such a cause he would gladly lay down his life ; 
 that of the dangers they described he had no 
 fear. 
 
 On went the travelers, faithfully ascending 
 the Fox River, dragging their canoes up the 
 rai)ids over .sharp stones that lacerated their 
 bleeding and unprotected feet. In ten days 
 from leaving Mackinaw they have passed the 
 portage and launched their canoes upon the 
 waters of the Wisconsin, and commenced their 
 descent toward the Mississippi. For seven 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 days they floated down its crystal waters. 
 Vineclad islets, fertile banks diversified with, 
 wood, prairie and hill, alive with deer and 
 moose, delight their vision, but no human 
 being is seen. On the 17th of June, 1673, with 
 joy, " which," says the good Father, " I cannot 
 express," they enter the great river, and the 
 longed-for discovery is made, and the Father 
 of Waters is given to the civilized world. 
 
 It is true that De Soto, in that fool-hardy and 
 uufortuu.ate expedition that has added a thrill- 
 ing chapter to American history, had 130 years 
 before discovered the lower Mississippi, but it 
 seems never to have been revisited, and the 
 very knowledge of it had died out. For seven 
 days more the jo^'ous adventurers floated down 
 its broad bosom, following its gentle curves, 
 before they saw a single human being. The 
 scenerj' has changed ; the islands are more beau- 
 tiful ; there is little wood and no hills. Deer, 
 moose, bustards and wingless swans abound. 
 As they descend, the turkey takes the place of 
 smaller game and the buffalo of other beasts. 
 
 Although the solitude becomes almost insup- 
 portable and they long to see other human 
 faces beside their own, yet they move with cau- 
 tion. They light but little fire at night on the 
 shore, just to {)repare a meal, then move as far 
 from it as possible, anchor their canoes in the 
 stream, and post a sentinel to warn them of 
 approaching danger. Finally, on the 26th of 
 June, they discover footprints by the waterside 
 and a well-beaten trail leading off' through a 
 beautiful prairie on the west bank. They are 
 in the region of the wild and dreaded Bacotahs, 
 and they conclude that a village is at hand. 
 Coolly braving the danger, Marquette and Jol- 
 iet leave their canoes in charge of the men. 
 They take to the trail, and in silence for two 
 leagues they follow its gentle windings until 
 they come in sight of three Indian villages. 
 Having committed themselves to God and im- 
 plored His help, they approach so near they 
 hear the conversation withoutbeingdiseovered, 
 and then stop and announce their presence by 
 a loud outcry. The Indians rush from their 
 cabins, and, seeing the unarmed travelers, they 
 after a little depute four old men to approach 
 them, which they do very slowly. Father 
 Marquette inquires who they are, and is re- 
 joiced to learn that they are Illinois. He can 
 speak to them in their own language. They 
 offer the pipe of peace, which is here first called 
 
 the calumet. They are most graciously re- 
 ceived at the first village. An old man, per- 
 fectly naked, stands at the cabin door with his 
 hands raised towards the sun, and exclaims : 
 " How beautiful is the sun, O Frenchman, when 
 thou comest to visit us. Our town awaits thee, 
 and thou shalt enter all our cabins in peace." 
 There was a crowd o( people.who devoured them 
 with their eyes. They had never before seen 
 a white man. As the travelers passed to an- 
 other village to visit the chief sachem, the peo 
 pie ran ahead, threw themselves on the grass 
 by the wayside and awaited their coming, and 
 then again ran ahead to get a second and third 
 opportunity to gaze at them. After several 
 days' stay with this kind and hospitable peo- 
 ple, our adventurers pass down the sti-eam 
 as far as Arkansas, when, finding that they 
 could not with safety proceed any farther, 
 on the 17th of July, just one month after enter- 
 ing the Mississippi and two months after leav- 
 ing Mackinaw, they commenced retracing their 
 steps. They ascend the beautiful Illinois River, 
 which is now for the first time navigated by 
 civilized man. They are delighted at the fer- 
 tility of the soil, with the beautiful ijrairies 
 and charming forests, which swarm with wild 
 cattle, stag, deer, bustards, swans, ducks, and 
 parrots. They stop at an Illinois town of 
 seventy-four cabins, and Father Marquette 
 promises to return and instruct them in the 
 truths of religion. One of the chiefs with his 
 young men escort the company to the lake at 
 Chicago, and they return to Green Bay. 
 
 Thus ended that delightful voyage that 
 added the region of the Upper Mississippi to 
 the geography of the known world, and gave 
 to France advantages which, had they not 
 been prodigally thrown away in the wicked 
 folly of the reign of Louis XV., might have 
 given to America a widely difi'erent history. 
 Joliet, with his journal and maps, passed on to 
 Quebec, but lost all his papers before reaching 
 there b^' the capsizing of his canoe. Marquette 
 remained at Green Bay to recruit from a dis- 
 ease brougiit on by his exhausting toils and his 
 many exposures. From here he forwarded a 
 i-eport of his journey to his Superior, drawn 
 up with admirable clearness and a genuine 
 modesty that became his magnanimous soul. 
 The maj) accompanying the report, prepared 
 as it was without surveys and without instru- 
 ments, is wonderful for its accurjlcy of outline. 
 
EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 Indeed, tliis may be said of most of the maps 
 of tins period drawn by the Jesuits, who, while 
 they seemed to have mainly in view the con- 
 version of the savages, yet proved themselves 
 to be the most valuable of discoverers and the 
 most careful of observers. 
 
 It was not until late in October, 1()74, that 
 Marquette was so far recruited as to attempt 
 to perform his promise to the Illinois. He then 
 left Green Ba}- with two French voyageurs for 
 his companions, but before he reached Chicago 
 by the slow process of coasting the shores of a 
 stormy lake at an inclement season, his disease, 
 a chronic dysenteiy, returned upon him with 
 its full force. The streams by which he ex- 
 pected to reach his mission ground were frozen, 
 and he was all too weak to go by land ; and here, 
 then a solitude but where now stands a city of 
 seven hundred thousand inhabitants, alone with 
 his two voyageurs, in a rude cabin which 
 atforded but a slender protection from the in- 
 clemencies of the season, in feeble health, liv- 
 ing on the coarsest food, with a consciousness 
 that he was never to recover, he passed the 
 long winter of 1674-7.5. 
 
 He spent much time in devotion, beginning 
 with the e.Kcrcises of St. Ignatius, saying mass 
 daily, confessing his companions twice a week 
 and exhorting them as his strength allowed ; 
 earnestly longing to commence his mission 
 among his beloved Illinois, 3-et cheerfully re- 
 signed to the will of God. After a season of 
 special prayer that he might so far recover as 
 to take possession of the land of the Illinois in 
 the name of Christ, his strength increase<l, and 
 on the 29th of March he left his solitary and 
 desolate wintering-place and in ten da^'s reach- 
 ed his destination. He found the Illinois to 
 the number of six hundred fires, awaiting his 
 arrival. They received him with unbounded 
 joy as an angel from heaven come to teach 
 them " the prayer," and after much private 
 teaching and exhortation to the principal chiefs 
 and from cabin to cabin, he gathered them in 
 grand concourse, and there, on a lovely April 
 day, upon a beautiful open plain, with thou- 
 sands of the tawny sons and daughters of the 
 prairie hanging upon his lips, the d3'ing man 
 preached to them Christ and Him crucified. 
 His persuasive words were received with uni- 
 versal approbation, but his rapidly failing 
 strength warned him that his own days were 
 numbered. He desired to reach his fbi-mer 
 
 mission of St. Ignatius at Mackinaw before his 
 departure, to die with his religious brethren 
 and leave his bones amongst his beloved Hu- 
 rons. He promised the Illinois that some other 
 teacher of "the prayer " should take his place 
 and continue the mission, and bade them a 
 loving and regretful farewell. They escorted 
 him with great barbaric pomp, contending with 
 one another for the honor of carrying his little 
 baggage. For many days, accompanied only 
 by his two voyageurs, he coasted in his frail 
 canoe along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, 
 his strength rapidlj' failing and his precious 
 life ebbing away. He became helpless, and 
 was lifted like a child into and from the canoe. 
 His vision, too, failed; but his gentleness, his 
 cheerful joy in the prospect before iiim, his calm 
 trust in God, never faltered. Dailj- he recited 
 his breviary. He encouraged his companions 
 and exhorted them to put confidence in the 
 God of their salvation, who would not forsake 
 them. They read to him, at his request, a med- 
 itation on death which he had long before pre- 
 pared for this eventful hour. Often did he 
 with hopeful voice exclaim; "I know that 
 my Redeemer liveth." On the evening before 
 his death, with a face radiant with joy, he told 
 his companions that on the morrow he should 
 die. Calmly and sweetly, as if talking of the 
 death of another, he gave directions as to the 
 disposition of his body. On the following day 
 as he approached the mouth of a river, he 
 pointed out the place of his burial on an emi- 
 nence on its banks. The weather was propi- 
 tious and the voyageurs passed on ; but a wind 
 arose, and they were driven back to the river's 
 mouth, which they entered. He was carried 
 on shore, a fire was kindled, a slight shelter of 
 bai-k raised and he was laid upon the sand. 
 Here he gave his last instructions, thanked his 
 followers for their faithful and loving service, 
 administered to them the rites of their religion, 
 sent by them his last kind message to his re- 
 ligious brethren, and bade them go and take 
 their rest until his final hour should come. 
 After two or three hours and as he was about 
 to enter his agony, he called them, gave them 
 a last embrace, asked for the holy water, handed 
 one of them his crucifix from his neck, asking 
 him to hold it before him, and with his eye 
 fixed sweetly upon it pronounced hispi-ofession 
 of faith, and thanked God that He had granted 
 him the grace to die a missionary of the cross 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 in a foreign land alone. As his spirit was 
 about to pass, one of his companions cried 
 aloud: "Jesus! Marie!" Aroused by the 
 sound he repeated the words, and as if some 
 glorious object appeared to him, he fixed his 
 dying gaze above and beyond the crucifix, and 
 with a countenance all beaming with a holy 
 rapture, his soul dei:)arted without a struggle as 
 gently as if he had fallen asleep. 
 
 Thus, on the 18th day of May, 1G75, at the 
 age of thirty-eight, after nine years of faithful 
 service in the missionary field, Father Mar- 
 quette departed ; and like his great model, the 
 Ajiostle to the Indies, he died upon a desolate 
 beach, and like him his dying hour was illumi- 
 nated by a radiance from above. The little 
 stream upon whose banks he breathed his last, 
 still bears his honored name, and there will 
 ever be connected with that spot tender re- 
 membrances and hallowed associations. In 
 1821 our own revered Father Richard paid to 
 it a loving pilgrimage, and erected thereon a 
 wooden cross with an inscription traced in 
 rude characters with a penknife — in its crude 
 simplicity, fit tribute from fit man. But no 
 enduring marble is required to jDreserve in 
 fresh fragrance the memory of his virtues. His 
 is one of those few, those immortal names, that 
 were not born to die. His mortal remains do 
 not repose in their original resting-place. Two 
 years after his death, the Indians belonging to 
 his mission of St. Ignatius, returning from their 
 winter hunting-grounds, stopped at his grave, 
 sought his i-emains, and, according to an Indian 
 custom, cleaned his bones, placed them rever- 
 eutl}' in a box of birchen bark, and then in a 
 mournful procession the thirty canoes moved 
 on toward Mackinaw. Before I'eaching the 
 mission they were met by Fathers Pierson and 
 Nouvelle, and all the Indians at the mission, 
 who came out to pay a fond tribute to their 
 best beloved missionary. There the solemn 
 De Projxmdis was intoned, and then with all 
 ajipropriate rites the precious remains were 
 deposited in the church. The mission was 
 subsequently moved to old Mackinaw, the rude 
 church has long since disappeared, and the 
 precise sf)ot where the remains of Father Mar- 
 quette now lie mingled with the common dust 
 is not known. 
 
 When Marquette left the Sault for LaPointe 
 in lfi()9, the wise and even Gallic Dablon, then 
 principal of all the Ottawa missions, as the 
 
 missions of the Upper Lakes were named, was 
 in charge of the mission at that point. He 
 was succeeded by Father Dreuillettes, who, full 
 of sanctity and zeal, labored there with most 
 wonderful success for nine years. Large num- 
 bers were baptized, and in general council the 
 Indians adopted the God of prayer as their 
 God. Here in 1G7I an envoy of the PVench, 
 accompanied by French soldiers, gathered a 
 grand council of all the northwestern tribes 
 and formally took iiossession of all the land be- 
 tween Montreal and the South Sea, and Allouez 
 made that I'emarkable and well-known speech 
 to the Indians in praise of the greatness of the 
 French King, and from that time the Sault be- 
 came a military post. When Marquette left 
 Mackinaw for his great discover^' in 1673, 
 Father Pierson was left in charge, and was 
 there in 1677, when he was joined by Father 
 Nouvelle. The mission was a very prosperous 
 one. At what time it was moved across the 
 straits to the site of old Mackinaw and that be- 
 came a military post, I am unable to say, but it 
 must have been about this time (1677). In 
 1094, when De la Motte Cadillac, the founder 
 of Detroit, was jjlaced in command, Mackinaw 
 was one of the largest villages in Canada. 
 There was a fine fort of pickets, sixty houses, 
 two hundred soldiers, and many other resi- 
 dents. But with the foundation of Detroit in 
 1701, Mackinaw dwindled into comparative in- 
 significance. Cadillac, a man of great energy 
 and address, drew away most of the Indians, 
 both Ottawas and Hiirons; and so complete 
 was the desertion that in 1706 the missionaries, 
 discouraged by this desertion and the licentious- 
 ness of the coureurs de bois, abandoned the post 
 and burned their church. But the French 
 Government would not permit the post to be 
 abandoned, and with the promise of protection 
 the missionaries returned. 
 
 Although Detroit was founded in 1701, I 
 have been unable to find any record of a Jesuit 
 stationed at this point previous to 1732. Cadil- 
 lac, although a zealous Catholic, was a lutter 
 enemy of the Jesuits. He bad quarreled with 
 them on the brandy question when he was in 
 command at Mackinaw, from 1694 to 1697, and 
 in receiving the personal orders from Count 
 Ponchartrain to establish Detroit, he frankly 
 told the Minister that the Jesuits were his 
 jiei'sonal enemies and would thwart his objects. 
 He quarreled with Father Vaillant, who ac- 
 
EARLY MISSIONARIES IN THE NORTHWEST. 
 
 2U 
 
 companiofl him on liis first oxpodition, charg- 
 ing him with treaclier^' ; and his sucoossful 
 efforts in drawing away the Indians from Macki- 
 naw still further embittered the eonti'oversy 
 with the Jesiuits. Ee glories in his success in 
 a spirit not eminently Christian. In a dis- 
 patch to the French Mi ni.ster, 1705, after boast- 
 ing of the arrival of thirty Hurons from 
 Mackinaw, he says : " 'J'here remain only 
 about twenty-five. Father Carheil, who is a 
 missionary there, remains always firm. I hope 
 this fall to pluck out the last feather in his 
 wing, and I am persuaded that this obstinate 
 old priest will die in his parish without a hav- 
 ing a single parishioner to bury him." 
 
 Yet he seems to wonder that the Jesuits 
 were not his friends and says: " I do my best 
 to make the Jesuits my friends, wishing truly 
 to be theirs; but if 1 dare say it, all impiet}' 
 apart, it would be better to speak against God 
 than against them, because on the one side a 
 person might receive His pardon, but on the 
 other the offense, even though doubtful, is 
 never forgiven in this world, and would not be 
 forgiven in the other if their credit was as good 
 there as it is in this country." 
 
 It is not wonderful, with this feeling on the 
 part of the Commandant, that Detroit was 
 served by the Eecollects rather than by the 
 Jesuits. When Charlevoix was there in 1721 
 there was no missionary among the Indians at 
 that place, but he says measures were to be 
 taken to KUf)ply them with one. 
 
 It would be a grateful task, did time permit, 
 to dwell upon the laborsand characters of those 
 Jesuits who were the compeers of ilarquette — 
 such men as Allouez, Dreuillettes, Dablon, and 
 Nouvelle. But with these men passed awaj- 
 the golden age of the Jesuits in the Northwest. 
 Thej' were among the best fruits of that won- 
 derful sj-stem that for a century and a half made 
 the Order of Jesus one of the great powers of 
 the world. They were placed in circumstances 
 that developed in an extraordinary degree 
 many of the best results of that training and 
 discii)line instituted by Loyale, witliout at the 
 same time bringing forth those bitter evils that 
 are among its natural fruits. They exhibited 
 great learning, a high self-control, an inflexi- 
 bility of purpose, an enduring constancy, an 
 unwearied patience in toil and hardship, a calm 
 courage that despised danger and triumphed 
 over intenscst suffering, a fervent zeal and an 
 
 earnestness of devotion that find few parallels 
 in history. They did not develop, nor did the 
 circumstances of the situation tend to develop, 
 that bitter intolei'anco, that hatred of civil and 
 religious freedom, that passion for intrigue, 
 that systematic treachery, that insatiate lust of 
 power, and that unscrupulous and cruel abuse 
 of power when obtained, that marked the Jesuits 
 of Europe and aroused against them the deep 
 indignation of Protestant and Catholic Chris- 
 tendom, that led to their expulsion from the 
 most enlightened C!atholic kingdoms in Europe 
 and their suppression by the Pope himself. 
 
 But the influences that were already operat- 
 ing in the courts of Europe and undermining 
 the Jesuitical power there, began to be felt in 
 the wilds of Canada. Colbert, the great Minis- 
 ter of the Grand Monarch, liked them not, and 
 Frontenac cordially hated them. From 1671 to 
 1681, and from 1689 to his death in 1698, he 
 was at the head of affairs in Canada. The Recol- 
 lects, whom he favored, were re established in 
 the New Woi'ld. Jealousies and dissensions 
 arose, and in a thousand ways the plans and 
 purposes of the Jesuits were thwarted. Special 
 efforts w'ere made to ruin their influence at 
 court. It is a curious study to read the volu- 
 minous dispatches that passed between 
 Canada and the court of France. Louis XIV. 
 was at the very culmination of power, in 
 the full exercise of that centralized absolu- 
 tism founded by Richelieu and perfected 
 by himself. He was as minutely informed of 
 the transactions of an insignificant post on the 
 watery wastes of Lake Superior as if they were 
 taking place on the banks of the Seine; and 
 the most minute oi'ders issued from his minis- 
 ters, and sometimes from himself, in rela- 
 tion to these distant places. Thus, in 1707 
 Detroit was a distant and insignificant post 
 with .some thirtj' soldiers. A complaint is 
 made at Versailles that De la Motto Cadillac is 
 trading in brandy and making a great profit 
 thereon. An inquiry is made into the subject, 
 and amid the great affairs of state involving 
 the welfare of France and the destinies of 
 Europe, the Grand Monarch is gravely in- 
 formed that M. De la Motte has bought of four 
 individuals 104 quarts of brandy at four francs 
 per quart and sold it at twenty' francs, thus 
 making a profit of four-fifths. 
 
 In this same way petty complaints against 
 the Jesuits arc made the subject of grave dis- 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 patches. Indeed, in this system of espionage, 
 of centralization, of absolutism, lies the grand 
 fundamental reason why Canada never pros- 
 pered under French rule. There was no free- 
 dom, no self-government, and consequently no 
 development of the real power of its people or 
 the resources of the country. The English 
 colonies were left to wholesome neglect, to self- 
 government, to freedom. As earlj' as 1671, M. 
 Talon, Intendant of Canada, informs the King 
 that Boston is more republican than mon- 
 archical; and in 1679 another Canadian Inten- 
 dant informs the French Minister in regard to 
 the same city: "Their government is demo- 
 cratic, and it is a republic under the protection 
 of England, faintly recognizing his Britannic 
 Majesty." The fruits of these two systems, 
 side by side, teach a lesson against centralized 
 power in any form of government — civil, ec- 
 clesiastical, monarchical, or republican. 
 
 There was one cause of difficulty between 
 the Jesuits and the local authorities that did 
 much to bring upon them the wrath of the 
 governing power, but which redounds greatly 
 to their credit. They, at an early day, boldly, 
 earnestly and persistently opposed and de- 
 nounced the sale of brandy to the Indians. 
 The pious Laval was made Bishop of Quebec, 
 or, as was his title, of Petra, in 1659. As early 
 as 1665 he bad, in concert with the Jesuits, for- 
 bidden the sale of brandy to the Indians on 
 pain of excommunication, because it led them 
 into mortal sin. So effectual was this order 
 that no one dare sell or give a glass of liquor 
 to Huron or Algonquin. Complaint .seems to 
 have been make to the King; for the Minister 
 of the Marine, in writing to M. de Talon, 
 Governor of Canada, in 1665, disapjiroves of 
 the order in a course of reasoning quite Jesu- 
 itical. He acknowledges the jjrinciple to be 
 good, but contends that it is hurtful to trade, as 
 it will drive the Indians to trade with the 
 Dutch, and they will be taught heresy, a 
 greater evil than drunkenness; and he bitterly 
 complains that notwithstanding the force of 
 this reasoning, the Bishop and the Jesuits still 
 persist, " not reflecting," says he, " that pru- 
 dence and even Christian charitj- requires us 
 to shut our eyes to one evil to avoid a greater." 
 
 For more than a quarter of a century the 
 brandy war raged between the traders and the 
 priests. Most of the secular officers were inter- 
 ested in Indian trade, and as now, nothing 
 
 paid so good a profit as brandy ; consequently 
 they took sides in favor of the traffic. Perhaps 
 those who have so recently fought the battle of 
 prohibition on the one side and the other in 
 this State, were not aware that the same battle 
 was fought upon our own soil nearly two hun- 
 dred years ago. Mackinaw and Detroit were 
 both battle-fields, and the arguments on both 
 sides were perhaps as full and forcible as any 
 that have been used by the recent combatants. 
 
 The holy Fathers were not content with the 
 mere exercise of spiritual power. They cnlled 
 upon the strong arm of the law, and as early as 
 1681 they had obtained an ordinance from the 
 King prohibiting the traffic. At a later period, 
 1694, there seems to have been a special order for- 
 bidding the transportation of brandy to Mack- 
 inaw. The worthj- founder of Detroit, while 
 yet in command at Mackinaw, made himself 
 the champion of the unrestrained traffic. Some 
 of his arguments are worthy of note. He sa^ s 
 the principal food of the inhabitants is fish 
 and smoked meat, and a drink of brandy after 
 the repast is necessary to cook the bilious 
 meats and the crudities they leave in the stom- 
 ach. He appeals also to the patriotic ardor of 
 the Frenchmen, and asks : " In what country or 
 in what land, until now, have they taken from 
 the French the right to use brandy ? Are we 
 not subjects of the same King as others?" He 
 asks, too, with the same ardor that marks our 
 recent debates : " What reason can be given 
 why savages have not a right to drink brandy 
 purchased with their own money?" and scouts 
 at the reason urged by the Jesuits, that it 
 would injure them. " The savage himself 
 asks," says he, "why they do not leave him in 
 his beggary, his liberty, his idleness. He was 
 born in it, and he wishes to die in it. He 
 would not exchange his wigwam, and the mat 
 on which he camps like a monkey, for a pal- 
 ace." He also uses the now familiar argument 
 that if the savage can not get brandy of the 
 French he will get it of the English, and there- 
 fore no good will bo accomplished by prohibi- 
 tion, while trade will be injured. 
 
 On the other hand it would be tlitficult to 
 find in modern temperance documents, more 
 graphic descriptions of the evils of intem- 
 perance, and stronger arguments against the 
 traffic, than are found in the memorials of 
 the Jesuit Fathers and the dispatches of the 
 time. Thus, in a dispatch to the Minister of 
 
KARI.Y MISSIONARIES IN THR NORTHWEST. 
 
 31 
 
 the Marine in IfiOO. tlie Minister is assured 
 that this unfortunate tratfic proves the destruc- 
 tion not only of the Indians but of the French 
 tiiomseives, and of trade. "This," says the 
 writer, " is established bj' the experience of 
 many j-ears, during which we have seen none 
 become wealthy by that traffic, while the Indi- 
 ans are destroyed and the French become old 
 and decrepit at forty. Even the women 
 drink. Among the Indians it is the horror of 
 horrors. There is no crime nor infamj- they 
 do not perpetrate in their excesses ; a mother 
 throws her child into the fire; no.ses are bitten 
 oflf, and it is another hell among them during 
 these orgies; their entrails are .set on fire, and 
 tlicy beggar themselves by giving their peltries 
 and their very clothes for drink." Thus, man- 
 fully, like true heralds of the cross, did the 
 Jesuit Fathers fight again.st this great evil; 
 and De la Motte charges them with adopting 
 higher law opinions on the subject, and says 
 that Father Carheil, in a sermon at Mackinaw, 
 1(597, exclaimed: "There is neither divine 
 nor human power that can permit the sale of 
 this drink." 
 
 This controversy, in which the Jesuits never 
 faltered, aroused against them the whole class 
 of Indian traders, and many of the local offi- 
 cers did much to make their position uncom- 
 fortable, and their ultimate recall under the 
 reign of Louis XV. ended for man\' years their 
 toils among the savages of Canada. 
 
 In seeking to give to the Jesuits who dis- 
 tinguished themselves in the early annals of 
 the Northwest their true place upon the page 
 of history, we cannot place them beside the 
 founders of New England. They were not in 
 any sense the founders of empires. They did 
 not laj- foundations broad and deep for free 
 institutions. And even as missionaries among 
 Iho Indians they seem to have exerted but 
 little permanent influence upon Indian life 
 and character. 
 
 " As from the wintr no sear the sky returns. 
 The parted wave no furrow from the keel," 
 
 so Indian character and destiny- show us no 
 distinct trace of the abundant and self-denying 
 labors of these men. At least those traces 
 are sadly disproporlioned to the learning, 
 the piety, the fervent zeal and the precious 
 human life bestowed upon this field of labor. 
 Doubtless some of the causes of this result lie 
 
 deep in Indian character and the unfavorable 
 circumstances surrounding them; but there 
 are, as we conceive, other causes, growing 
 out of the fundamentally erroneous system of 
 Jesuit Catholicism, still more effective — causes 
 that must ever prevent that system from ac- 
 complishing any great permanent good for the 
 race. There is no element of freedom in it. Un- 
 limited, unquestioning obedience is of its vcrj' 
 essence. To develop the human soul and intel- 
 lect, it must, like the body, have freedom. 
 
 But if they were not founders of empii-es, if 
 they did but little or nothing toward the eleva- 
 tion of the Indian race and character, these men 
 still have a proud place upon the historical page, 
 which all should readily concede. As discov- 
 erers and explorers they have had few supe- 
 riors. Persevering, self-denying, toil-enduring, 
 courageous, no obstacles discouraged, no pri- 
 vations di.sgusted, no hardships appalled, no 
 dangers terrified. Contemptuous of threatened 
 evil, they boldly placed themselves in the 
 power of the untutored and unfriendly Indians, 
 living wnth them in their dirty camps, par- 
 taking of their inconceivably filthy food, sleep- 
 ing with them and their dogs, annoyed with 
 their vermin, poisoned with their stench, sub- 
 mitting meekly to the contumely of the 
 haughty and the insults and brutality of the 
 mean. Calmly, persistently they braved the 
 forced toil of paddling the canoe, or over sharp 
 stones of dragging its weight up foaming 
 rapids, often wading waist deep in the water or 
 plunging through ice and snow. Piercing 
 winds, bitter cold, dire want and terrific danger 
 were among their common trials, yet they per- 
 severed with a ceaseless assiduity and untiring 
 energy that no suffering could subdue. Indus- 
 triousl}^ they traveled, anxiously they inquired, 
 carefully they observed, and minutelj- under 
 every disadvantage by the light of the glim- 
 mering camp-fires they committed the result 
 of their travels, inquiries and observations to , 
 writing. They opened to France and the world 
 a knowledge of the great Northwest, of these 
 mighty lakes and noble rivers, of these beauti- 
 ful prairies and extensive forests. 
 
 They were not only discoverers, but they 
 were pioneers in the pathway of civilization. 
 Following in their footsteps came the trader, 
 the voyageur, the soldier, and ultimatelj- the 
 mechanic, the farmer, the merchant, and the 
 gentleman. Delightful French hamlets sprung 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 up by tlie side of the mission station, and there 
 was reproduced in the forest recesses of the 
 Northwest a new and delightful edition of rural 
 life amid the sunny vales and vineclad hills of 
 France. 
 
 But the chiefest claim to admiration lies in 
 their personal character, their apostolic zeal, 
 their sublime and heroic virtues. Actuated by 
 no love of glory, inspired by no hope of self- 
 aggrandizement, but panting with an earnest 
 desire to save souls for whom Christ had died 
 and open tiie pathway to heaven to benighted 
 heathen, they^ faced the untold horrors of a 
 
 missionary life among wild, wandering, irrev- 
 erent, brutal savages, and here developed, in 
 themidst of trials the most severe, those Chris- 
 tian graces of character to which our attention 
 has been called, and that entitle them to a rank 
 among the Christian heroes of the world. Suc- 
 cess could have added nothing to the rich fra- 
 grance of their virtues. 
 
 It becomes us who now occupy the soil, en- 
 riciied and made sacred by tlieir tears, their 
 toil, their suffering and their death, not onl}' 
 to revere their memories but to perpetuate 
 them. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 I'LOT FOR obtaining; THK I.OWKlt PENINSULA OF MICIlKiAN FKO.M THK INITKO 8TATKS IN 17!>5. 
 
 IT is not generally known that Michigan was 
 at a very early dax' the theater of some of 
 the most extensive land speculations ever known 
 in this country. One which was brought to 
 the attention of Congress in 1795 was so re- 
 markable in some of its features that it is singu- 
 lar that it should be so generally unknown. 
 
 When General Wayne brought his Indian 
 campaign to a successful termination he ap- 
 pointed a time for the ti'ibes to meet him at 
 Greenville, to concludea definitive treaty. This 
 council opened in June, 1795, and continued 
 into August. It is well known that the hos- 
 tilities were kept alive by the covert inter- 
 ference of the British, and that Detroit was 
 the source whence this influence was exerted 
 most powerfully. In spite of the treat}' of 
 peace at the close of the Revolution, the British, 
 on one pretext or another, kept possession of 
 the country, and it was not until Jay's treaty 
 provided definitely for its ces.sion that any 
 steps were taken toward its possession. The 
 British merchants, who were largolj' interested 
 in the fur business, were very reluctant to see 
 the American dominion established, and there 
 is no doubt that, by this means, disaffection 
 was long kept up among the Indians. 
 
 Immediately upon the conclusion of Waj'ne's 
 treaty (which put an end to all private deal- 
 ings with the Indians for the purchase of 
 lands), an agreement was made between sev- 
 eral prominent inhabitaiits of Detroit and 
 several persons fi-om Vermont and Pennsyl- 
 vania, which, if it had proved successful, would 
 have made an entire change in the destiny of 
 this region. 
 
 Ebenezer Allen and Charles Whitney of Ver- 
 mont, and Robert Randall of Philadelphia, 
 who were professedly American citizens,' en- 
 tered into a contract with John Askin, Jona- 
 than Schiftiin, William Robertson, John As- 
 kin, jr., David Robertson, Robert Jones and 
 Richard Patterson, all of Detroit, and all at- 
 
 tached to Great Britain, the terms of which 
 were in effect as follows: They propo.sed to 
 obtain from the United States the title to all 
 the land within the limits of the present penin- 
 sula of Michigan, then estimated at from eigh- 
 teen to twenty millions of acres (excepting such 
 parts as were appro))riated along the settle- 
 ments), upon the understandingthat they would 
 themselves extinguish the Indian title. They 
 meant to secure the purchase from Congress at 
 half a million dollars (or a million at the outside), 
 by inducing that body to believe that the Indians 
 had not really been pacified by Wayne, and 
 that nothing but the influence of the Canadian 
 merchants could bring them to terms or render 
 the important interests of the fur-trade safe 
 under the American rule. 
 
 But they relied upon a more jioteiil method 
 of persuasion in secret. Their enterprise was 
 to take the form of a joint stock company, di- 
 vided into forty -one shares. Five shares were 
 allotted to the Detroit partners, twelve to 
 the others, and the remaining twenty-four 
 were to be divided among members of Con- 
 gress to secure their votes. The connection of 
 the Canadian proprietors with the scheme does 
 not appear to have been made public, and it is 
 probable they were not intended to appear 
 until the scheme was consummated. 
 
 Immediate!}' after the plan was concocted, 
 the three American partners set about oper- 
 ating upon the members of the next Congress. 
 They associated with them Colonel Pepune 
 and others; also Jones of Massachusetts, who 
 aided them in the dishonorable work. Whitney 
 first applied to Daniel Buck, a member from 
 Vermont, and was indiscreet enough not only 
 to inform him jjretty plainlj- of the plan pro- 
 posed, but also to show him the articles of 
 agreement. Ho also applied to Theodore Sedg- 
 wick more cautiously, but allowed enough to 
 be drawn from him to expose the true character 
 of the plot. Mr. Sedgwick quietly put himself 
 
 [33] 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 in pommunifation with the Vermont nienibcrs 
 to pvomote its progress. 
 
 In the meantime Randall ajiproaehed the 
 Southern members and laid open his views to 
 William Smith of South Carolina, William B. 
 Giles of Virginia and Mr. Muri-ay of Maryland. 
 These gentlemen, after consulting with the 
 President and many other persons of character 
 and standing, determined to throw no obstacle 
 in the way of a presentation of a memorial to 
 Congress, desiring to fix the parties where 
 they would be sure of exposure. 
 
 The confederation, blindly imagining that 
 thoj' were on the highway to success, put into 
 the hands of the members whom they approach- 
 ed the fullest information concerning all but 
 the names of their Detroit associates, and as- 
 sured Mr. Giles that they had secured a major- 
 ity of the votes in the Senate and lacked only 
 three of a majority in the House. 
 
 On the 28th of December, 1795, Messrs. 
 Smith, Murra}' and Giles -finnounced to the 
 House of Representatives that Randall had 
 made propo.sals to them to obtain their support 
 to his memorial, for which support they were 
 to receive a consideration in lands or money. 
 Mr. Buck also stated that Whitney had made 
 similar propo.sals to him, and he supposed him 
 to be an associate of Randall. Randall and 
 Whitney were at once taken into custody and 
 an investigation had, in the course of which 
 several other members came forward and testi- 
 fied to similar facts. Whitney made a full dis- 
 closure and produced the written agreement. 
 Randall made no confession, but contented 
 himself with questioning the witnesses. He 
 was detained in arrest, but Whitney, who ap- 
 pears to have been less guilty, was discharged 
 very soon after the investigation closed. The 
 memorial never made its appearance. 
 
 The partners at Detroit had not been inac- 
 tive. They, or most of them, had already, 
 from time to time, obtained from the Indians 
 large grants of land, in the hope, doubtless, 
 that the purchase might be ratified by the 
 authorities. Schiftiin in particular had ac- 
 quired enormous grants in this way. There is, 
 however, much reason to believe these grants 
 were not all obtained from the recognized In- 
 dian rulers. 
 
 An examination of the records shows that 
 one of the largest was made under very pecu- 
 liar circumstances. We have seen that the 
 
 council in Greenville was in session from June 
 till sometime in August. While this treaty of 
 Gi'eenville was in progress, and the tribes were 
 represented thei-e bj' theirchiefs and head men, 
 a private council was held at Detroit on the 
 first day of July, 1795, by theChippewas, Otta- 
 was and Pottawatomies, as high contracting 
 parties on the one side, there being present, as 
 witnesses, the Askins, Governor Hay, his oldest 
 son, Henrj', a British officer, and some others 
 of the principal British residents. 
 
 The purpose of the council was private in its 
 nature, and under the treaties then existing the 
 British authorities could not have well acted as 
 principals on such an occasion. Certain chiefs, 
 purporting to act for their tribes there named, 
 granted to Jonathan Sehiffiin, Jacobus Vizgar, 
 Richard Patterson and Robert Jones, a large 
 tract of land embracing thirteen or fourteen of 
 the oldest and best counties in the present 
 State, for the expressed consideration of twenty- 
 five pounds sterling. 
 
 We can readily imagine that if their plan 
 had succeeded in Congress they would have 
 had little difficult}' in buying up the Indian 
 claim to the whole peninsula. 
 
 It may not be out of place to state that in 
 spite of their ill success, the four gentlemen 
 named sold their Indian title just mentioned in 
 1797 for two hundred thousand pounds of York 
 currency, amounting to half a million dollars. 
 Whether the purchaser expected to claim 
 against the treaty of Greenville, we are not in- 
 formed. 
 
 This formidable title has never turned up 
 since. Whether disgusted with the experience 
 of republics, or from some other cause, the 
 Detroit partners in the joint stock company all 
 elected, under Jay's treaty, to become British 
 subjects. The annals of our country have 
 never shown a more extensive or audacious 
 plan of briberj-, and the public suffered no great 
 detriment by their defection. 
 
 Had the plan of these confederates received 
 the aid of Congress, it is difficult to imagine the 
 importance of such an event or its bearing on 
 the future of the peninsula. The circumstances 
 render it highly probable that it was intended 
 to retain a footing for the advancement of the 
 British interests in the Northwest. Be this as 
 it may, the evil effect of having so large a pro- 
 prietary monopoly, covering the whole eoun- 
 trj', cannot well be estimated. Neither the 
 
PLOT FOR OBTAINING THE LOWER PENINSULA. 
 
 35 
 
 United States nor the future State woulfl have 
 owned any lands in tiie Lower Peninsula of 
 .Michiiran, while we should have been subjected 
 to all the evils which abound when the tillers 
 of the soil are mere tenants and not freehold- 
 ers. Such a domain would have been a power- 
 ful barrier aj^ainst the increase of the Union in 
 this direction, and would have kept up a bor- 
 der population of a character by no means to be 
 admired. 
 
 The important and singular facts refterred to 
 should not be lost sight of b}' the liist(5rian who 
 may narrate the annals of our State. 
 
 Under Jaj-'s treaty British subjects wei-e at 
 lihei'tj" lo reside within the American borders 
 it thej- saw fit, but if thej- did this, unless thej' 
 declared their intention to retain their nation- 
 ality within a year from the rendition of the 
 posts, the}' were regarded as having chosen to 
 become citizens of the United States. A large 
 M\imber of persons removed to Canada within 
 the year, while many more remained in De- 
 troit and vicinitj', of whom a large number 
 signified their desire to remain British sub- 
 jects by notification addressed to Peter Audrian, 
 Esq., at Detroit. Upon examining the li.st it 
 apj)ear8 that the feeling was verj' strong in 
 favor of Great Britain, and any step tending to 
 carry out the interests of that Kingdom would 
 have met with favor from many if not from a 
 majority of the men of substance. The neigh- 
 borhood in Canada had been settled to a con- 
 siderable extent by a population to whom the 
 American name was an abomination. At the 
 close of the Revolution the refugee tories were 
 cast upon the care of the British, and lands 
 were set apart in that portion of Canada lying 
 along Lake Erie, Detroit River and Lake St. 
 Clair for the benefit of these people, and their 
 descendants of the Mohawk loyalists are still 
 to be found in strength upon the lake shore in 
 the districts east of Maiden. They are in 
 peculiarly bad odor among shipwrecked mar- 
 iners. 
 
 The following names ai)jicar in the records 
 as electing to retain their British character. 
 Many of the number removed to Canada, iind 
 many who removed within the year now made 
 a written election : 
 
 Augustin Amelle. 
 Lauret Maure. 
 James Mcintosh. 
 Robert Innis. 
 
 John Little. 
 Ch. Poupard. 
 In. Kobital. 
 Nicholas Boyer. 
 
 Richard Patterson. 
 Robert Grant. 
 Jonathan Schifflin. 
 John Martin. 
 D. McRae. 
 William Forsyth. 
 Francis Bertraml. 
 Pre. Gabarne. 
 Kugh Ilewai-d. 
 ^S'illiam Fleming. 
 Charles Chovin. 
 James Donahlson. 
 Louis Mooi'e. 
 James Condon. 
 Pre. Dolorme. 
 Alexander Har.son. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 John Askin, Sr. 
 Pierre Vallee. 
 John McKirgan. 
 James Smith. 
 Jo.seph Mason. 
 John Anderson. 
 Agnes Mackintosh. 
 Conra<l Showier. 
 Charles Roque. 
 William Thorn. 
 Jonathan Nelson. 
 George Mel drum. 
 A. Iredell. 
 J. Bte. Barthe. 
 J. Bte. Barthe, Jr. 
 Robert Nichol. 
 John McGregor. 
 Joseph Borrelle, perc 
 Robert Goine. 
 James Fraser. 
 William Hands. 
 Simon Druillar. 
 Pierre Rell. 
 Alexis Crait. 
 Alexis Borrell. tils. 
 Ncel Delisle. 
 William Baker. 
 R. McDoncU. 
 John McDonnell. 
 Amable Latour. 
 James Anderson. 
 Isaac Ganize, pere. 
 Bt. Tclemaindit St. L 
 Richard Donovan. 
 Isaac Gragnier, fils. 
 Dominique Druillard 
 
 .lohn Feai'son. 
 
 Henoit Chapaton. 
 
 James Gartwright. 
 
 Gabriel Hewes. 
 
 Robert Forsyth. 
 
 Antoine Chanvin. 
 
 Jean Bt. Petre. 
 
 Jean Bt. Montroi. 
 
 Thomas Green. 
 
 Francis Prin\o. 
 
 Charles Petre. 
 
 Pre. Lanoux. 
 
 Redmond Condon. 
 
 Joseph Bernard. 
 
 John Grant. 
 
 George Sharp. 
 
 James Vincent. 
 
 Louis Barthy. 
 
 Alexander Duff. 
 
 Batiste Boete. 
 
 John Dainc. 
 
 William Ilarfy. 
 
 Samuel Edge. 
 
 John liangloi. 
 
 James Guthrie, 
 
 Jno. Whitehead. 
 
 Alex. Maisonville. 
 
 Jean Bt. Bernard. 
 
 John Renl. 
 
 Mathew Dolson. 
 
 William Park. 
 
 William Smith. 
 
 Robert McDougall. 
 
 John Askin, Jr. 
 . James McGregor. 
 
 John Clark. 
 
 J. Portier Benac. 
 
 Francis Rassette. 
 
 George Jacob Rudhart. 
 
 Basile Dnrocher. 
 
 Josc]>h Boi'rell, fils. 
 
 Richard Money. 
 
 William Mickle. 
 
 Jolin (,'aiti 
 
 John Wheaton. 
 
 Lewis Coutre. 
 
 William Mills. 
 
 I'eter Blanch. 
 
 John Jjagord. 
 ,ouis. 
 
 Bte. Monmerell. 
 
 Franc Lenaire. 
 
 Samuel Eddy. 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Bapt. Rousseau. Bapt. Druillard. 
 
 Joseph Grenist. Phillip Bellanger. 
 
 These are the names as thej- appear of record. 
 There are doubtless some inaccuracies. 
 
 To understand the important bearing of the 
 conspiracy in a national point of view, it may 
 be well to mention the condition in which its 
 success would have left the frontier. Many of 
 the names appended to the notice of election 
 will be recognized in Detroit as land owners, 
 holding valuable private claims along the river. 
 But with the exception of eight or ten, all these 
 claims had reverted to the government. The 
 lands not embraced in the narrow private 
 claims along the Detroit River, and its tribu- 
 
 taries, were by various Indian deeds convoyed 
 to some of the persons engaged in the plot, 
 singly or together, from the foot of Lake 
 Huron to the Cu^'ahoga River, with some in- 
 considerable exceptions. If those Indian titles 
 could have been made good, those parties would 
 have an almost entire control of the country, 
 and the condition of the private claims would 
 have left the holders of these too at their mercy. 
 With all these circumstances combining, it is not 
 a wild conjecture to suppose that the possibility 
 of getting back into British allegiance a coun- 
 try controlled by British subjects may have 
 been in the thoughts of the conspirators as an 
 incident if not an object of their action. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 KARLY SETl'LEMENTS. 
 
 THE early adventurers in tLciradvancefroin Our lako region of country- was ln-ld by Uic 
 
 the broad expanse of Lake Erie, up French Crown until 17fi;^, when it was trans- 
 
 tiirough our beautiful river, saw all around fcrred from France to Great Britain. This 
 
 them a glorious scene of waters ajid forests, as was the period when the first beams of civiliza- 
 
 yct untouched bj' the hand of civilization, and tion had scarcelj^ penetrated its forests, and 
 
 inhabited by savages as strange and wild as the paddle of the French fur-traders swept the 
 
 their own wilderness. Herds of deer wandered lakes, and the boat songs of the traders awak- 
 
 through the forests and drank from the clear ened tribes as wild as the wolves which howh-d 
 
 waters of the river, whose iinrufiied surface re- around their wigwams. 
 
 fleeted their graceful forms. Fish of great 
 value glided through the waters, flocks of water- 
 fowl traversed their course along the shores or 
 dipped in the current, and snow-white gulls 
 skimmed its surface; beautiful woods of lofty 
 trees extended as far as the ej-e could see, 
 around whose trunks were twined grapevines 
 of the largest size, whose luscious fruit hung in 
 rich clusters gracefulh" from the boughs above, 
 the vast quantity of which growing along the 
 banks gave to om* river its name, originally 
 called by the French Eiver Aux Eaisin; and 
 now, over 100 years later, the name is very 
 appropriate, for what we have lo.st in wild 
 fruit by the clearing of the forests, we have 
 more than replaced by our extensive vineyards 
 of various varieties of the best of cultivated 
 grapes. The Indians called it the Numma- 
 sepee, or River of Sturgeon, from the vast 
 quantities of those fish found in it. 
 
 As the travelers advanced into the interior, 
 bj" Indian trails, a beautiful scene opened be- 
 fore them, the country being covered with 
 groves of forest trees like extended parks. Lux- 
 \iriant flowers of various and gorgeous colors 
 covered the whole surface of the ground. It 
 seemed as if nature, amid the solitude, fresh in 
 her virgin bloom, had adorned her bosom with 
 the fragrant roses of summer in honor of her 
 Maker; and vain of her charms had set our 
 lake and river upon the landscape as mirrors to 
 reflect her own beauty. Such were the scenes 
 that colored the description of the French 
 travelers of the eighteenth century through 
 this country. 
 
 Two Indian villages formerly occupied the 
 place wiiereon now stands the city of Monroe, 
 viz.: those of the Ottawas and Fottawatomies, 
 and previous to that time the Krri-er-ro-nous 
 lived upon the confines of the lake, from which 
 tribe, it is supposed, Lake Erie derived its 
 name. It was a peaceably disposed tribe, but 
 was finally exterminated by the fierce Iro- 
 quois, who comprised the most powerful In- 
 dian league known to have existed on the con- 
 tinent. 
 
 The Iroquois league consisted of the Oiion- 
 dagas, the Cayugas, the Senecas, the Oneidas, 
 and the Mohawks, with their headquarters in the 
 western part of New York State. The war- 
 riors of these tribes were men of large stature 
 and muscular forms, and a savage determina- 
 tion marked evei'y feature of the face. 
 
 Military skill, courage, shrewdness, energy, 
 ambition and eloquence were their prominent 
 traits. In their policy they appear to have had 
 more vigor and system than the other Indian 
 tribes, and cherished a sort of spartan disci- 
 pline throughout their confederac}'. Tiiey were 
 also equally crafty and ferocious. They could 
 crawl, unseen, along the track of their enemies, 
 or rush down upon the French in fearless bands 
 of naked and gigantic warriors, and it is well 
 known that their marches against the French 
 colonists and the remote missionary posts 
 were like the rushing of a tornailo through the 
 forest. 
 
 In 1784 a small body of Canadians settled on 
 the River Raisin and laid the foundation of 
 Frenchtown, built a few log cabins nu bdtli 
 
 [37] 
 
38 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 banks of tho river, and enclosed them and tlio 
 surrounding laud with pickets or " puncheons," 
 made of sapling logs, split in two, driven in tiie 
 ground and sometimes sharjjened at the top, 
 thus terming a very good means of defense 
 against the Indians. 
 
 A narrow path ran along the bank of the 
 river and border of the front of the farms on 
 each side of the River Raisin. It was a depot 
 of the fur-traders for the Northwest Company, 
 and fora long pei'iod the concentrating point for 
 the surrounding Indians, who were continually 
 repairing to the town in order to exchange 
 their furs for blankets, red cloth, silver orna- 
 ments, arms and ammunition, mindful also of 
 the stock of fire-water, of which ample provision 
 was made. Money was refused in exchange for 
 goods, and the French were required to bring 
 in produce in exchange for them, which was 
 ti-ansported to the Upper Lakes for the use of 
 the Fur Company stations. 
 
 In the year 1785, a treaty was made with 
 the tribes of the Ottawas, Chijjpewas, Dela- 
 wares and Wyaudots, by which a belt of land, 
 commencing at the River Raisin and extending 
 to Lake St. Clair, with a breadth of six 
 miles along the strait, was ceded to the United 
 States, and was the only soil which could be 
 appropriated by the whites for cultivation. 
 
 About this time was organized the iirst 
 church on the River Raisin, the French Catholic, 
 when the Rev. Mr. Frichett visited the settle- 
 ment as a missionary. Soon after the first 
 stationed priest arrived — the Rev. Antoine 
 A. Gillett, who remained until the year 1805. 
 This society built, about the j'ear 1788, the first 
 church building ever erected in the county ; 
 was located some two miles west of our city on 
 the north bank of the river, and was at this 
 time tho central part of the settlement. The 
 building was in a dilapidated condition taken 
 down in 1842. 
 
 The first settler or fur-trader was Joseph 
 Pulier Benac, then Colonel Francis Navarre, 
 Charles and John Baptiste Jerome. In 1780, 
 Colonel Francis Navarre rode from Detroit by 
 the Indian trail on a French pony, carrying 
 in his hand some pear trees the size of your 
 little finger that he set out on his lot west of the 
 block-house, which was subsequently clap- 
 boarded and used as the Episcopal Church par- 
 sonage, afterwards demolished. The site thereof 
 is now owned and occupied as the residence of 
 
 Dr. A. I. Sawj^er of this city, and the famed 
 pear trees, i^lanted by the hands of Colonel Fran- 
 cis Navarre over a century ago, now yield their 
 fruit, as they so bountifully have done for so 
 many years, averaging yearly forty bushels. 
 They stand as monuments to the memory o.f 
 an industrious man, and remind us that a few 
 hours of pleasant labor live with blessings for 
 our own brief life and for those that follow us. 
 
 The first American settlement was established 
 at Frenchtown in 1793, and at that time Detroit 
 and Frenchtown were the principal settle- 
 ments on the eastern side of the peninsula of 
 Michigan. In 1706 Captain Porter first raised 
 the American banner at this point on the soil 
 of Michigan. 
 
 On the 11th of Januarj"^, 1805, the act was 
 passed for the organization of the Territor}- of 
 Michigan, and General William Hull was ap- 
 pointed Governor and Indian Agent, and on 
 the 5th of September following, measures were 
 taken for the organization of the militia of the 
 Territory. The Second Regiment was organ- 
 ized for the district of Erie, and John Anderson, 
 of Frenchtown, was appointed colonel. 
 
 It was very difficult to organize efficient 
 military companies among the population of 
 the Territory at this time. The French in- 
 habitants, although brave almost to a fault, and 
 having genuine taste for military glory, were 
 here unaccustomed to discipline and disliked 
 its restraints. Amusing accounts are given of 
 attempts to organize the militia in the dis- 
 trict of Erie. Atone time Colonel Anderson had 
 most of his officers under arrest for appearing 
 on jiarade without uniforms, and they were 
 ver}' anxious to know their fate. He com- 
 plained that the more he drilled his men the 
 less they knew. 
 
 As early as 180G, rumors of a deep-seated 
 and growing feeling of dissatisfaction among 
 the Indians began to prevail. Tecumseh (the 
 word in Indian parlance signifying "the tiger 
 crouching for his prey ") and Ell-shwa-taw-a 
 (or the prophet), the twin brother of Tecumseh, 
 sprang into great prominence. 
 
 Tecumseh was a warrior of the Shawanese 
 tribe — without any hereditary claim to dis- 
 tinction — a seceder from the legitimate au- 
 thority of his nation, the builder of his own 
 fortune. He was an open and avowed hater 
 of the Americans, and was determined in his 
 opposition to the advance of the nation on 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 39 
 
 the Indian domain, and doubtless urged bj- 
 the British Government to organize a general 
 confederacy against the United States. 
 
 In 1807 the efforts to organize this confeder- 
 acy on the lakes had been commenced. Agents 
 were dispatched from the headquarters of the 
 Shawanese to the lake Indians, with messages 
 and belts of wampum; and the minds of the 
 savages were aroused to desperate action. The 
 points insisted on were that the Americans 
 should be driven back over the Allegheny 
 Mountains, and that the war should not be ter- 
 minated until that object was accomplished. 
 That after this was effected, the Indians should 
 liave undisturbed possession of their ancient 
 hunting-grounds and be placed under the pro- 
 tection of the British Government, and the 
 warriors that distinguished themselves in tlie 
 war should be publicly recognized and receive 
 presents from the British monarch of large 
 medals. 
 
 Tecumseh and the Prophet were doubtless 
 instigated by the British Government to effect 
 this confederation, in order to co-operate with 
 the Pjnglish when war should be declared be- 
 tween England and the United States, which 
 then seemed inevitable. While these events 
 were transpiring the Territoiy of Michigan was 
 in a comparatively defenseless state. The sot- 
 tlements on the Miami, the Kaisin and the 
 Huron comprised a population of only 1,340 ; 
 four-fifths were French, and the remainder 
 Americans, with a small portion of British. 
 
 The hostile spirit which had been thus ex- 
 cited by Tecumseh and the Prophet, soon man- 
 ifested itself upon our frontier. The scattered 
 settlements along the inland streams were at 
 that time much exposed to the depredations of 
 the Indians, and the emigrants found their 
 cattle slaughtered around their huts. At French- 
 town this devastation was carried to the most 
 formidable extent before the declaration of war 
 between England and the United States. 
 
 At one time bands of naked warriors, with 
 feathers on their heads (the Iroquois before 
 alluded to), made a descent upon Frenchtown, 
 and in silence proceeded to destroy all property 
 which was supposed to be required for the sup. 
 port of the army in the coming contest. En- 
 tering the houses of the French peasantry, thej- 
 plundered the defenseless tenants of the pro- 
 visions within them without exchanging a 
 word with the occupants, cut down the cattle 
 
 in the fields, and with their tomahawks demol- 
 ished the beehives which were found in their 
 gardens. 
 
 Soon after the surrender, Colonel Anderson, 
 who had from his efficiency as colonel of the 
 militia and exertions as an organizer become 
 prominent, was a marked man by Tecumseh 
 and his band, and they were determined to 
 take his life. The Colonel, with the small 
 number of Americans on the river, were com- 
 pelled to leave to escape the vengeance of the 
 Indians, leaving his wife (the sister of James 
 Knaggs) in possession of his store and property. 
 He then resided on the site on Elm Avenue 
 now owned and occupied as the residence of 
 Talcott E. Wing, Esq. A portion of the house 
 was occupied as a residence, the remainder as 
 a store and fur-trading establishment, liber- 
 ally supplied with goods adapteil to the wants 
 of the Indians, together with an abundant 
 supply of fire-water. Mrs. Anderson was con- 
 versant and familiar with the language of the 
 various tribes of Indians, and had as a clerk 
 and helper in the store become well acquainted 
 with most of the trading Indians. When the 
 newsreachedherof the capture of General Win- 
 chester and his forces, knowing well the habits 
 and customs of the savages, especially when 
 under the influence of liquor, she hurried to 
 the cellar of the store, where the liquors were 
 stored, and caused the heads of the whisky 
 barrels to be knocked in. The Indians burst 
 in the door, ransacked the store, then repaire<l 
 to the cellar, prostrated themselves on their 
 Ijreasts and filled themselves with whisk}'. 
 When besotted, drunk and wild, they returned 
 to the portion of the hou.se occupied us a resi- 
 dence, with the most unearthly yells and 
 whoops; emptied the scalps they had gathered 
 in bags on the parlor floor, and dancing around 
 the room, slapped the bleeding scalps against 
 and bespattering and disfiguring the walls and 
 coiling. Mrs. Anderson was in the room ad- 
 joining, seated on a large chest containing the 
 monej' and valuables of her husband. The 
 Indians approached her in a threatening and 
 menacing manner, and with upraised toma- 
 hawks and knives commanded her to rise up. 
 She having often traded with them and speak- 
 ing fluently their language, raised her voice to 
 its highest pitch and pointing her finger at 
 them, with the expression, "Shame, so many 
 Indians fightone squaw," and was then, with the 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 interference of two resolute Indians, left un- 
 molested, retaining her treasures. 
 
 Colonel John Anderson was of Scotch descent, 
 and married at Maumee Miss Knaggs, the sister 
 of James Knaggs, wiio became distinguished in 
 the war of 1812 as a scout, under Generals 
 IIuU, Cass and Harrison. He removed to 
 Prenchtowu about the year 1800, having one 
 son, John Anderson, who was born at Maumee. 
 After removing toFrenchtown he had one son, 
 Alexander D. Anderson, who was an attorney, 
 and for many yeai-s Judge of Probate for the 
 County of Monroe, and one daughter, Eliza, 
 who became the wife of the Hon. Warren Wing. 
 Immediatelj- after the massacre in January, 18 13, 
 Mrs. Anderson, with her three children, John, 
 Alexander and Eliza, tied to Detroit and remain- 
 ed there, hiring a house and keepingboarders to 
 maintain herself and fiimily until the return of 
 Colonel Anderson fi'om Dayton, Ohio. As their 
 names were identical, the Colonel Anderson 
 referred to above is olten confounded with 
 (Jolonel John Anderson, of the United States 
 Army, who, with Plj-mpton and Kirbj', pur- 
 chased the farms of Mulhollen and Egnew next 
 west of Monroe street, extendingfrom the River 
 Raisin south to Plumb Creek, a portion of 
 which was subsequently platted, and consti- 
 tutes that portion of the city west of Monroe 
 street. 
 
 The Loranger farm on the east side of Mon- 
 roe street was purchased by Joseph Loranger 
 of Judge Augustus B Woodward, who bought it 
 original!}- to qualify himself as judge under the 
 fourth section of the ordinance which required 
 ajudge to own at least 500 acres of land, and 
 had given his place the euphonious name of 
 Euphemia, which it retained until tlie name of 
 Monroe was substituted. 
 
 Among the number of the American families 
 that escaped about the same time with Colonel 
 Anderson, were the families of Samuel Mul- 
 hollen and Jared Egnew, who purchased for 
 $& per acre the farm next adjoining the Joseph 
 Ijoranger tract on the west, the east lineof which 
 was Monroe street, and the west Adams street, 
 extending south from the river to Plumb Creek, 
 constituting a part now of the first ward of the 
 city of Monroe. The western farm in the di- 
 vision fell to Mr. Mulhollen, who built a log 
 house on the site where the "Harleston House" 
 stood, now occupied by the German Catholic 
 Church as a school-room, near and a little to 
 
 the northeast of the brick church building, 
 opposite the " Isle of Patmos." The site of the 
 Mulhollen house was subsequently purchased 
 by the Hon. Charles Lanman, thereafter bj' 
 George B. Harleston. 
 
 The site of the village, now city, of Monroe, 
 was at that time occupied as farming land, and 
 the Loranger farm, east of this tract, was, in 
 1817, platted by Joseph Loranger into village 
 lots. After the settlement of Mr. Mulhollen on 
 the river three children were born — Samuel, 
 Saraband Aurilia- the first of whom is now liv- 
 ing; the last named married Sylvester Brown, a 
 very successful farmer of eminent piety, who, 
 late in life, sold his possessions, and with his 
 wife, spent the last years of their lives in the 
 city of Monroe. There were at that time no 
 bridges, and Mrs. Sarah Rowe (?iee Mulhollen) 
 well remembers fording the river in the sum- 
 mer months when the water was low, going to 
 and coming from school, and when the water 
 was high going and coming on horseback, the 
 father having one child in front and the other 
 holdingon behind. The first schoolmaster was 
 a Mr. Hicock, who occupied a log house on the 
 north side of the river between the Clark and 
 Downing farms. The second school was taught 
 on the north side of the river, opposite the 
 present residence of Talcott E. Wing, Esq. 
 
 The first school taught on the south side of 
 the River Raisin was bylsaac P. Skinner, who 
 will be remembered as for so many years there- 
 after Register of Deeds of the county of Mon- 
 roe. He occupied as a school house a large 
 building built for and for many years used as 
 a distillery, on the river bank, a little east of 
 the present residence of Doctor A. I. Saw3-er. 
 In an interview with Mrs. Rowe in 1887, she 
 well remembered for months before the surren- 
 der of Hull (which surrender was in August, 
 1812), the rumors of war between England and 
 America which were rife. The drilling of the 
 militia was of frequent occurrence, and for two 
 weeks before the surrender the family, in com- 
 mon with other American families, sought pro- 
 tection nights in the fort or stockade on the site 
 of the present residence of Major E. Chapman. 
 She also well remembers the scene that occurred 
 at her father's house immediately after the sur- 
 render of General Hull. The family were mak- 
 ing preparations to flee from the country, fear- 
 ing and apprehensive of the ravages of hostile 
 Indians, who were in hordes traversing the 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 41 
 
 country. Tlie family lioiisoliold goochs, with 
 everything that would bear tran.sportatioii, 
 were boxed up in anticipation of leaving the 
 next morning, the last washing preparatory to 
 moving was done and the clothes hanging on 
 the line to dry, when tlie house was approached 
 bj' about 200 Indians. Mrs. Eowe, in common 
 with the rest of the family, was frightened, and 
 she well remembers as though it had occurred 
 but yesterday, of escaping and concealing her- 
 self in the garret behind some old barrels, llo- 
 sistance was useless, and Mr. Mulhollen was 
 compelled quietly to 8ubn\it to their ransacking 
 the whole house, and with their tomahawks 
 chopping open the boxes in which the goods 
 were packed and appropriating everything to 
 their own use, leaving the family destitute; 
 pouring a quantity of tea on the floor for 
 which they had no desire, in fact did not know 
 its use. 
 
 Mr. Mulhollen and Egnew werecajjtured, but 
 soon released bj' Colonel Proctor. Immediately 
 thereafter they, with their families, fled by 
 small open boats, following the meanderings of 
 the river to the lake, then following the shores 
 of Lake Erie to Cleveland, camping by night 
 on the shore and during the days when the 
 lake was rough, and after many days of fatigue 
 and suffering readied their destination. 
 
 When rowing along the border of the lake 
 opposite Sandusky, Mrs. Mulhollen wuth a 
 young child (Samuel, now living in Toledo) 
 was nearly exhausted from exposure, and called 
 attention to some burning embers on shore, 
 and in compliance with her request tliey rowed 
 ashore that she might, by the tire, malte a cuj) 
 of tea. She had but stirred up the fire and 
 placed the teapot on the embers when thej- 
 were amazed by the sight a few feet from the 
 fire, of some ribbons whidi they recognized as 
 liaving left in their hou.se on the River Kaisiii. 
 American scalps were then valuable to Indians, 
 and knowing they had left these ribbons at 
 home but a few days before, they concluded tliey 
 were followed by Indians, who were probably 
 lying in ambush awaiting their landing. Leav- 
 ing the teapot on the coals, they immediately 
 sought their boats and with all haste shoved 
 out into the lake and pursued their journey. 
 
 They remained in Ohio about sixty miles 
 west of Cleveland, about two years, then re- 
 turned to the River Raisin to find everything 
 destroved ou the farm, fences burned and 
 
 naught remaining but the log house, whicli 
 gave many indications of barbarous usage. 
 
 At this time and for many years thereafter, 
 the land between First and Front streets, ad- 
 joining Monroe street on the west, was occu- 
 pied as a burj-ing ground, and a numbcrof our 
 citizens well romcmbcr the time when the 
 bodies were exhumed and removed to the old 
 cemetery between Sixth and Seventh streets, 
 on the west side of Monroe street. 
 
 Mr. Mulhollen sold, reserving a few lots on 
 Monroe street, his farm to Messrs. Anderson 
 and Kirby, ofHcers of the United States Army, 
 and invested proceeds in wild lands in the 
 count}- and State, piirchased a large fiarm about 
 two miles south of Monroe on the turnpike, 
 where ho resided until the time of his death, 
 which farm was inherited by his son Daniel. 
 The old homestead remains in the family. 
 
 July 3, 1805, Governor Hull, Ijy proclamation, 
 established the District of Erie, a portion of 
 which constituted Monroe county, embracing 
 the strip on the south of the width often miles, 
 which was subsequeutlj' the cause of .strife, and 
 gave ri.se to the bloodless Toledo war. 
 
 On the 3d of July, 1805, the first United 
 States District Court was held by Chief Justice 
 Augustus B. Woodward; Frederick Bates, As- 
 sociate Judge; George McDougall, Clerk; Solo- 
 mon Siblej'; Elijah Brush, attorne\-s and coun- 
 selors, at the house of Jean Baptiste Jercaume, 
 on the north bank of the River Raisin, below 
 where the Canada Southern Railroad crosses the 
 river in the eastern part of the present city of 
 Monroe. The Grand Jury called at that session 
 consisted of John Anderson, Francis Navarre, 
 Israel Ruland, Ethan Baldwin, Alexander 
 Ewing, Isidore Navarre, Jacques Navarre, 
 Joseph Francis Moutou, Robert Navarre, Joseph 
 Dazette, Joseph Jobin, John B. Lasselle, Bar- 
 ney Parker, Jean Chavet, Samuel Ewing, Sam- 
 uel Egnew and Joseph Pouget. Well do I re- 
 member as a lad the familiar faces of most of 
 these courteous French gentlemen constituting 
 tlie first grand jury. Two years thereafter the 
 demoralizing influence of liquors gave rise to 
 the only presentment made by the grand jury 
 against "those persons having license to sell 
 whisky, deserving the intervention and au- 
 thority of the court that they might be re- 
 strained from selling on the Sabliath." 
 
 During the year 1807, the Indian title was 
 relinquished to all the lands in the county of 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Monroe, excepting a tract of three miles square 
 known as the " Macon Reserve," which was 
 subsequently ceded by the Indians to the 
 Catholic Church of St. Ann, Detroit, the title 
 to which was subsequently acquired by the 
 Hon. Isaac P. Christiancy, and called the 
 Christiancy tract. 
 
 When war was declared, June 18, 1812, it 
 was impossible for Americans to remain with 
 any degree of safety, and for six weeks there- 
 after it was necessary for the wives and chil- 
 dren of the American .settlers to si^end their 
 time in the stockade or fort, on the premises 
 now occupied and owned by Major Edward C. 
 Chapman on Elm Avenue. So intolerable was 
 the annoyance and danger, the Americans with 
 their families tied to Ohio and Kentucky, the 
 French to Detroit and Canada, and for the fol- 
 lowing three years this portion of the State 
 was deserted. Immediately after their flight 
 Col. Proctor ordei-ed the stockade burned and 
 destroyed, through fear it might fall into the 
 bands of the American forces. 
 
 During the next three years mails, however, 
 were regularly carried from Detroit to San- 
 dusky, by the Indian trails, weekly, and three 
 years after triweekly, by Francis Cousino, of 
 Erie, and Mr. Barron, of LaSalle, contractors, 
 on French ponies, who performed their trips 
 with great regularity and speed when we con- 
 sider thei'e were no roads or bridges across the 
 streams. Their appi'oach to each postoifice on 
 the I'oute was announced by blowing the old- 
 fashioned tin horn. Persons traveling then to 
 orfrom Michigan timed their departure by these 
 mail carriers, whom they followed as guides. 
 
 One after another of the families who had 
 fled before the war of 1812, returned during 
 the years 181G, 1817 and 1818 to Frenchtown, 
 the principal settlement on the north side 
 of the River Raisin. All of the stores and 
 trading-posts were on the north bank of the 
 river, on the front of the Campau, trodfroy 
 and Lacroix farms, now occupied bj' residences 
 of Louis Lafontain and E. B. Lewis, and the 
 flourishing nurseries of Messrs. Reynolds, 
 Lewis and Ilgianfritz. A strife then ai'ose for 
 the location of the county-seat on the site of 
 Frenchtown on the north side of the river, but 
 the proposition of Joseph Lorangerto locate in 
 town of Monroe in consideration of his grant- 
 ing public grounds, with streets and alleys, was 
 accepted, and the county-seat was established 
 
 on the south side of the river, the present site 
 of the city of Monroe. 
 
 It was during the three years that Daniel 
 MulhoUen, Samuel Bgnew, General Levi S. 
 Humphrey, Loriu Marsh, Daniel S. Bacon. Col. 
 Oliver Johnson, Samuel Felt, Almon Chase, 
 Alcott Chapman, Thomas Wilson, Luther 
 Harvey, Henry Di.sbrow, Dr. Harry Conant, 
 Waleott Lawrence, Seneca Allen, Robert Clark, 
 Col. Taylor and Col. Charles Lanman, names 
 now familiar to our older citizens, came as the 
 jjioneers of Southern Michigan. 
 
 In 1816 Dr. Horatio Conant (uncle of ex- 
 Secretary of State Harry A. Conant) settled at 
 Maumee, and was appointed by Governor Cass 
 Justice of the Peace. In 1819 Seneca Allen held 
 a commission from the Governor of Ohio as Jus- 
 tice of the Peace, with jurisdiction over the dis- 
 puted territorj', and notified Dr. Conant that he 
 must not attempt to do any business under his 
 commission from the Governor of Michigan. 
 But Allen, in December, 1819, had an engage- 
 ment to marry a couple on the north side of 
 the Maumee river. The river was high, full of 
 running ice, and very unsafe to cross. Conant 
 lived near the bank of the river on the Mau- 
 mee side, Allen near the bank on the Perrys- 
 burg side and nearly opposite. Allen, finding 
 it impracticable to cross to fill his engagement, 
 called to Dr. Conant across the river and re- 
 quested him to marry tire couple. The doctor 
 reminded him (Allen) of his former prohibition 
 to act under his commission, but Allen insisted, 
 on the ground that "necessity knows no law." 
 Dr. Conant married the couple, and received 
 for his marriage fee a jackknife. 
 
 July 14, 1817, Monroe county was established, 
 then including all of Lenawee and a portion of 
 the present counties of Wayne and Washtenaw, 
 and the county court was required to be held 
 at such place not exceeding two miles from the 
 house of Francois Lasalle, on the bank of the 
 River Raisin (the site being the jji-esent resi- 
 dence of Peter Melosh), as the court might 
 designate. Sei:)tember 4, 1817, the town of 
 Monroe was established and made the county- 
 seat of Monroe county. In December of the 
 same year, jirovision was made for the con- 
 struction of the first court house, on the 
 southwest quarter of the public square, a little 
 in front of the present site of the First Presby- 
 tei'ian Church. The second story of the court 
 house was used for the court, while the east part 
 
EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 43 
 
 of the first story served as the residence of 
 the jailer, and the west part for the jail, and it 
 had a small space in the rear surrounded by a 
 stockade that served as a yard for prisoners. 
 Jt was in front of this building the whipping 
 post was located where criminals were senten- 
 ced to be lashed — the same mode of punish- 
 ment now retained and practiced in the State 
 of New Jersey. One result of this mode of 
 punishment was that such a degree of mortitica- 
 tion and disgrace on the part of the criminal 
 followed that he was never the second time 
 thus punished for a like offense. This old yel- 
 low court house was the only public building in 
 the county for the following fifteen years, and 
 the second story the only room used for public 
 assemblies for either religious, political or secu- 
 lar purposes. 
 
 June 1, 1819, John Anilorsou, Olivei" JohiKson 
 and twelve others were authorized to build and 
 maintain for twciitj-tive ^"ears, a toll-bridge 
 across the River Raisin, which everitually gave 
 place to the present Monroe street bridge. 
 
 The French inhabitants of Monroe count}- 
 were neai'ly all farmers, and lived bj- the culti- 
 vation of the soil. Some few might be called 
 large farmers, but generally they cultivated 
 much less ground than the same number of 
 American farmers under like circumstances. 
 Until 1828 and 1830 they had no market for a 
 surplus except the small local demand among 
 themselves, and by habit had quite generally 
 come to think there was no great object in 
 raising a crop much beyond the necessary an- 
 nual supplj- for their own families. And this 
 habit continued to a considerable extent, l>ut 
 gradually wore away. They were unambi- 
 lious, limiting their wants to the real necessa- 
 ries of life, which were casil}- sup))lied ; indus- 
 trious so far as thev felt labor to be necessary, 
 but with none of that dis[)08ition to excessive 
 exertion for the sake of gain or the rapid accu- 
 muialion of wealth which generallj- distin- 
 guished the American of New England or New 
 York descent. They did not see the wisdom of 
 over-exertion, nor believe that happiness con- 
 sisted in the constant over-exercise of the 
 mental or physical powers for accumulation of 
 wealth. They were simple and inexpensive in 
 their habits, and content with little. All devoted 
 Catholics, they scrupulously ob.served all the 
 fete days of the church, and followed implicitly 
 the instructions of their clergy, who, judging 
 
 from the effects, must have been faithful shep- 
 herds of their flocks. Kind and obliging to all, 
 good neighbors and faithful friends. In those 
 days their standard of morality and integrit}' 
 was as high as among any |)coplc, crime being 
 almost unknown among them. 
 
 The following is an extract from a letter 
 written at River Raisin, ]\Iarcii S, 1808, by 
 Judge A. B. Woodward : 
 
 The French inhabitants, tliouRh they may some- 
 times be uninformed, are not generally ill-disposed. 
 In a Catholic country, where there is not one Prot- 
 estant minister,or one Protestant religious society 
 of any denomination, a Protestant minister, particu- 
 larly of eastern manners, even though his character 
 was adorned witli all the virtues appropriate to his 
 profession, is not naturally the most acceptable. 
 Indeed, to the people of this country, as well others 
 a.s the French, the eastern habits are the least re- 
 spected. The British gentlemen have always indulged 
 a sort of contemptuous and unjustifiable hatred of 
 them; and when displcascd.the term "Yankee " is one 
 of the most virulent epithets which they conceive they 
 can apply. The French do not use this term, though 
 they entertain the same idea and perhaps with still 
 greater force. They have another term which an- 
 swers them the same purpose. It is the term " Bos- 
 tonnois," which they pronounce " Bastonnois." 
 " Sacre Bastonnois," or " Sacre cochon de Bas- 
 tonnois," is their most virulent term of abuse wlien 
 they are displeased with an American, or with a 
 person from the Eastern States particularly. 
 
 The first French settlers that located on the 
 River Raisin were the direct descendants from 
 the old French pioneers of Detroit. Few 
 among the French farmers had much of the 
 education to be derived from books, yet there 
 was quite a number of intelligent, strong 
 thinkers, men of sound judgment, wlio well de- 
 served their reputations for integrity and up- 
 rightness. Though all are able to speak the 
 French language, the English language is 
 spoken bj' a very large proportion of them 
 now. 
 
 The old French pioneer clung with great 
 tenacity to the traditions and customs of France; 
 they were the links connecting him with the 
 shores of his sunny dime. The French lan- 
 guage was spoken with all the purity and 
 elegance of the time of Louis XIV. After the 
 conquest it lost much of its purity by the 
 mingling of the two languages. It was the 
 polite language of the upper cla.ss, English 
 officers and their wives alwaj's speaking it 
 fluently. No people piciued themselves more 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 in pride of aucestry. Manj' of iiie first 
 colonists belonged to the ancient nobles of 
 Franco, retired officei's and soldiers. vSeveral of 
 their descendants still preserve their name and 
 tradition. Tlie commandants at PortPontcluu - 
 train at Detroit all belonged to distinguished 
 families, and many bore historic names. We 
 find in every bi'anch of the Navarres, whether 
 in Florida, Canada, New York or Michigan, 
 the tradition of a descent from tlie King of 
 France. These old traditions were banded 
 down from generation to generation, and can 
 still be found in the remotest branches. 
 
 Glimpses of their domestic life become more 
 valuable, as our knowledge of their manners 
 and customs is very limited. 
 
 On New Year's eve a number of young men, 
 masked, wont from house to house singing a 
 peculiar song, suitable for the occasion ; the 
 host and hostess brought out bundles of cloth- 
 ing, provisions and sometimes money, and fill- 
 ed the carts of the minstrels. These contribu- 
 tions were afterwards distributed among the 
 poor. 
 
 On New Year's day the exchanging of jjres- 
 ents was very universally followed; also the 
 making of calls. The fair hostess always pre- 
 sented her rosy cheek to be saluted by the 
 callers. The right of precedence was strictly 
 observed, the oldest persons always being 
 first and the officers according to rank. The 
 wives of the English officers at first objected to 
 the custom of being thus saluted, but soon 
 adopted the style, though in trying to improve 
 it, rather vulgarized it by kissing on the lips. 
 
 New Year's morning every child knelt to re- 
 ceive its parents' blessing, and even when 
 married hastened with husband and little ones 
 to receive this coveted benediction. The chil- 
 dren were all sent this da}' to visit all their 
 relatives. On entering a room " Bon jour, 
 Monsieur," " Bon jour, Madame," was the usual 
 greeting of every French child to its pai'ents. 
 Children, constantly seeing the respect and 
 deference their parents j)aid to their elders, 
 soon acquired that gi-aceful courtesy and affa- 
 bility of manners which is so distinguishing a 
 trait of the old French habitant. 
 
 Mardi Gras evening was one of unusual 
 mirth and enjoyment with the easy-going, fun- 
 loving inhabitants. " Vives les crepes," the toss- 
 ing of pancakes, was an old custom handed 
 down. A large number of guests Mere invi- 
 
 ted to the house and all repaired to the spa- 
 cious kitchen. The large open fire-place with 
 its huge hickory logs brflliantlj' illuminated 
 the room. Each guest in turn would 
 take hold of the pan with its long handle, 
 while some one would pour in the thin batter, 
 barely enough to cover the bottom of the pan. 
 The art consisted in trying to turn by tossing 
 it as high as po.ssible and bringing it down 
 without injuring the perfection of its shape. 
 Many were the ringing peals of laughter that 
 greeted a failure. The cakes were piled up in 
 pyramid shape, butter and maple sugar placed 
 between each layer, and formed the central 
 dish in the substantial supper which took place 
 later. After sup'per dancing commenced and 
 at the first stroke of twelve all saluted the host 
 and hostess and took farewell of jjleasure until 
 Easter, Lent being rigidly observed. The fes- 
 tivities of a wedding lasted for several days. 
 The maiTiage bans were published for three 
 successive Sundays in church, and formed the 
 all-absorbing topic of conversation. Marriage 
 was then a serious undertaking. Divorces were 
 unknown among them. 
 
 At the betrothal the marriage contract was 
 signed by both parties, their relations and 
 friends. Tlie health of the newly married 
 couple was drunk in many a bumper. This 
 signing of names and stating pi'ofessions or oc- 
 cupations on the marriage certificate and 
 church register was a usual custom. As soon 
 as the marriage ceremony was over each one 
 got into his cariole, calash oV cart, according to 
 the season, and headed by the newlj- wedded 
 pair, formed a procession, and passed along the 
 principal streets, then racing, if roads were 
 suitable. Dancing and the great supper took 
 place at the home of the bride. The bride 
 opened the ball with the most distinguished 
 guest — the stately minuets and graceful cotil- 
 lions, French four, with fisher's hornpipe and 
 the reel, concluding by filing into the suj^per- 
 room by tsvos. Knives and forks were brought 
 by each guest — ^ often a spring-knife that 
 would close and be carried in the pocket, or a 
 dagger-knife suspended from the neck in a 
 sheath. 
 
 Adjoining the kitchen was the bake house. 
 The oven,built of brick, was generally plastered 
 over with mortar. In the center was a wooden 
 trough, in which the bread was kneaded. The 
 front door always oj)ened into the parlor. The 
 
EAIU.Y SF/rTLEMENTS. 
 
 45 
 
 latch was raised by means of a long strip of 
 buciiskin hanging outside. Whenever the in- 
 mates were out no one, not oven an Indian, 
 would enter, to do so being considered abreach 
 of hospitality. The clothes were taken to the 
 river bank to be beaten with a mallet, the use 
 of pounding barrels and clothes wringers being 
 then unknown. Tlie spinning-wheel was con- 
 stantl}' used by the women ; they made a sort 
 of linsi'v uDolscy which was the principal 
 clotli usihI. The making of straw hats was 
 the principal occupation of the children and 
 maidens during the winter evenings. 
 
 The horses used were better known as Cana- 
 dian ponies. The French wore passionately 
 fond of racing on the ice in the winter, and 
 Saturday afternoons in the summer montlis in 
 fair weather large numbers met for what we 
 would now term scrub races —commencing at 
 the residence of E. P. Campbell and running to 
 Macomb street, on the river road on the south 
 side of the River Raisin. Tiiis was the resort 
 for many years Saturday afternoons for fun and 
 frolic. When horses of greater pretensions for 
 speed and bottom, and for racing greater dis- 
 tances, came from Detroit, the Rouge or Mau- 
 mee, the race grounds in front of the Jean 
 Rt. Cccott (now Bisonetto farm), one and one- 
 half miles above Monroe, on the north side of 
 tlie River Raisin, were resorted to, affording a 
 mile of track well adapted for racing. 
 
 Tlie whipping post was common in Michigan. 
 The post in Monroe was on the public square 
 in front of the First Presbyterian Church, and 
 manj- now living remember the scenes tiiere 
 enacted. Colonel Peter P. Ferry as justice of the 
 peace often sentenced ofi'enders to the post, and 
 John MulhoUen and Miles Thorp applied the 
 lash. The thrashing was generally effectual, 
 anfl in most cases, those punished felt the dis- 
 grace of being publicly whipped im Ihi' bare 
 back so keenly that they generally Kfl i'ov 
 parts unknown, glad to escape from Monroe. 
 
 The facts in relation to the early settlement 
 of the River Raisin are every day becoming 
 more and more difficult to obtain, and aftci-the 
 older residents now living are gone — and they 
 are rapidly jjassingaway — the difficult}- will be 
 greatl}' increased. 
 
 September 10, 1822, Monroe county was es- 
 tablished as it now is, including the " disputed 
 territory," but attached to it was the pre.>*ciit 
 count}- of Lenawee. June 30, 1824, the seat 
 
 of justice for Lenawee county was established 
 at Tecumseli, but the county was not fully 
 organized until November 26, 1826. All suits 
 then pending before the Monroe county court 
 were to be considered before that court. 
 
 April 19, 1825, Laplaisance Bay Harbor 
 Company was oi-ganized by Colonel John An- 
 derson and seven others, and was the harbor 
 for Southern Michigan until the completion of 
 the Government canal in 1842. 
 
 December 25, 182G, our delegate in Congress 
 was instructed to protest against any change 
 of the southern boundary of the county — a 
 premonitory sj-mptom of the Toledo war. 
 
 As before stated, about 100 French fami- 
 lies settled on the River Raisin in 1784, and 
 from that time settlements spread with con- 
 siderable rapidity to Otter Creek, about five 
 miles south, and to Stony Creek, about four 
 miles north, and Swan Creek, nine miles north- 
 east. So that, as appears by the subsequent 
 grants of donated tracts to these settlers under 
 the act of Congress, March 3, 1807, which con- 
 fined the right to such grants to lands occu- 
 pied and in part improved prior to July 1, 1796, 
 these settlements must, prior to the last named 
 date, have extended all along both sides of the 
 River Riiisin almost continuousl}^ for eight or 
 nine miles, and a few isolated tracts a little 
 further up and along both sides of Otter Creek, 
 from near the lake to some four miles into the 
 interior and along Stony Creek. These early- 
 settlers, for the sake of security and protection 
 from the Indians, had settled very near each 
 other along the River Raisin and other streams 
 mentioned, clearing only a small portion of 
 land in front along the stream. But as the 
 act of Congress confined each claimant to the 
 lands the front of which he improved, and al- 
 lowed him any quantity up to 640 acres, re- 
 quiring him to paj"- the government surveyor 
 for surveying his tract, several remarkable re- 
 sults followed: First, to gel any considerable 
 quantity of land each would be compelled to 
 take a narrow tract, thus making up the quan- 
 tity by extending a greater or less distance back 
 from the river or stream. This resulted in 
 making the tract of each a narrow, ribbon- 
 like piece of land, fronting on the stream. 
 Second, as the claimant had to pay the gov- 
 ernment surveyor for surveying his claim, and 
 most of the settlers, in the honest simplicity 
 of those days, could see no use in extcn<iing 
 
46 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 their tracts further back from the front than 
 would be convenieut to work as a fai'm, together 
 with enough woodland in the rear for fire- 
 wood and timber, most of them declined to pay 
 the extra cost of surveying out the large tract 
 of 160 acres to which each would have been 
 entitled, which in most cases, would have ex- 
 tended from three to five miles to make up the 
 quantity, and not more than one in ten of them 
 would consent to make their tracts longer than 
 about two miles, and many of them not more 
 than one. But occasionally a claimant more 
 fiir-seeing or more confident of the future, or 
 perhaps stimulated bj' some "Yankee" (who 
 had agreed with the claimant to purchase his 
 claim), would extend his claim four miles or 
 more in depth so as to include nearly 640 acres 
 allowed bj' law. But these cases were excep- 
 tional, and did not amount to one in twenty. 
 
 "Very generally the adjoining claimants 
 would make their claims of the same depth, 
 and most generally about two miles, so as to 
 make the rear of their claims a straight line; 
 but occasionally would come in the midst of 
 them, a more modest claimant, who refused to 
 extend his claim more than about one mile. 
 This, of coui'se, rendered the rear of the body 
 of claims jagged and unequal, and the conse- 
 quence of this was, tiiat when the Government, 
 some years after, surveyed the public lands, 
 finding a conssiderable body of claims extend- 
 ing the same distance back and bounded 
 alike by one straight line, it omitted to notice 
 the fact that among these claims were some 
 which only extended back about half the dis- 
 tance, and the land in rear of these short 
 claims was thus, by mistake, left unsurveyed, 
 and treated as a part of the claim in front. 
 Although the original claimants knew that 
 these lands were not included in their grants, 
 their descendants, who were generally illiter- 
 ate, most of them unable to read, I'eally be- 
 lieved that such lands were a part of the front 
 claim which they had inherited, and they 
 treated them as such in perfect good faith, sell- 
 ing, mortgaging and leasing them as if a part of 
 the front grant. And they might well do so in 
 good faith, as the patents for a large jiortion of 
 these claims were sent on to Michigan in 1812, 
 and were captured by the British on a schooner 
 bringing them. The heirs of the claimants, 
 totally unacquainted with routine, never 
 troubled themselves to inquire, and with their 
 
 limited knowledge could not, if they wished, 
 have ascertained the truth in relation to these 
 grants. There were several thousand acres of 
 these so-called " lost lands," many of which 
 were among the best lands in the county. Be- 
 tween 1850 and 1854 (while Hon. Charles 
 Noble was surveyor-general in Michigan) a 
 full and complete survey of such lands was 
 made and returned to the general land- office in 
 Washington. 
 
 But the diflBculty in making provision upon 
 equitable principles for the adjustment of the 
 various complications which had grown up 
 under such a state of things, had prevented 
 any adjustment of these titles, and the truly 
 paternal nature of our trovernment towards 
 those who have in good faith converted the 
 wilderness into fertile fields, has jjrevented any 
 hasty legislation which might disturb the oc- 
 cupants of these lands. 
 
 The possession of these various tracts of 
 land led to much litigation in Monroe county, 
 and the connection of the public surveys with 
 the prior grants of claims led to some litiga- 
 tion in another way. The surveyor of the pri- 
 vate claims did not always make the side line 
 of some claims isolated from the general body 
 of claims, and the government surveyor, on 
 some occasions, included in the public surveys 
 large portions of such claims; and the govern- 
 ment lands were bought in good faith, but 
 afterwards found to i'all within the patent of 
 prior claims. Such was the case of a purchase 
 of public land by Wakott Lawrence in Raisin- 
 ville, some nine miles above Monroe on the 
 north side of the river. A large part of his 
 purchase turned out to be within the bounds 
 of a prior patent, or a claim which had been 
 purchased by Christopher Bruckner; and this 
 case, after a long litigation, was settled by the 
 decision of the Supreme Court of Michigan in 
 Bruckner vs. Lawrence, 1 Doug. 19, and all 
 other cases of a similar kind were settled or 
 decided on the basis of this decision. 
 
 While on the subject of public lands and 
 land grants, I should state there was one In- 
 dian reservation within the limits of Monroe 
 county, of nine sections of land, at a place call- 
 ed Macon, on the River Raisin, where the 
 River Macon falls into the River Raisin. This 
 was reserved to the Ottawa, Chijipewa, Wy- 
 andot and Pottawatomie Indians by Hull's 
 treaty at Detroit, of November 17, 1807. But 
 
EARLV SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 47 
 
 by the treatj- at the foot of the Rapids of 
 Miami, made bj- Lewis Cass and Duncan Mc- 
 Arthur on the part of the United States, with 
 these and other tribes of Indians, September 
 29, 1817, all these lands, except three sections 
 '• on the Eivcr Eaisin at the place called Ma- 
 con," were ceded to the United States. 
 
 The sixteenth article of this treaty granted 
 to the Eector of the Catholic Church of St. 
 Ann, of Detroit, for the use of the said church 
 and to the corporation of the College of De- 
 troit in common, each one-half of tlireo .sections 
 of land at Macon and three sections of land not 
 yet located, and the superintendent of Indian af- 
 fairs of Michigan (the Governor) was authorized 
 to select the said tract of land. Suit was brought 
 in 1841 b}- Hon. Isaac P.Christiancy as the attor- 
 ney of St. Ann's Church, Detroit, to recover 
 the three -sections at the Macon for which a 
 patent had been issued January 25, 182G, by 
 the President (John (^uinc}' Adams) to the 
 rector of the church and his successors. It be- 
 came necessary to ascertain how the patent 
 came to be issued for the three sections at the 
 Macon in severalty to the rector of the church 
 and his successoi'S in office, or how the rector 
 became the owner in severalty. For this pur- 
 pose it was necessary to ascertain what was the 
 "College of Detroit," and how, if at all, a par- 
 tition had been made. After a great deal of 
 research and numerous inquiries of the oldest 
 citizens, he finallv ascertained the facts in the 
 ca.se fi'om General Cass. He informed Judge 
 Christiancy that Ihe College of Detroit was the 
 nest egg of the Universitj- of Michigan. The 
 University had been incorporated by an act 
 of the Governor and judges, drawn up b}- 
 Judge Woodward, by such a pedantic and un- 
 couth name the Governor and remaining 
 judges refused to adopt the name and we chose 
 to call it the " College of Detroit." The name 
 given in the act was the " Catholoj)i8tetniad." 
 With this information. Judge Christiancy 
 searched and found the act incoi-porating the 
 " Catholopistemiad," which had never been 
 printed, but had remained unknown to the 
 
 public and uncited from the day of its passage. 
 Judge Christiancy found the original record of 
 tlie action of the church and college in the 
 hands of Mott Williams, Ksq., at Detroit, con- 
 taining a full and formal partition recorded 
 between the rector of the church and the cor- 
 poration of the college (University) of the three 
 sections yet unlocated to the University. He 
 found also that Austin E. Wing, Philip Seceeycr 
 and Mr. Brown were appointed to examine and 
 select the other three sections on behalf of the 
 University ; that they had performed this duty 
 and that they had made an able report, extoll- 
 ing in enthusiastic, though no more than truth- 
 ful terms, the great excellence of Michigan 
 lands, and the advantages to settlers which 
 Michigan offered over most other States of the 
 Union. Judge Christiancy found that the 
 State had already sold part of the land selected 
 (of these three sections) and thus ratified the 
 partition. As to the other six sections of the 
 reserve, they were proclaimed for sale by the 
 Government in 1839 and 1840, and at his sug- 
 gestion John D. Pierce, then Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction for the Slate, applied to 
 have these sections assigned to the State as 
 school lands to make up deficiencies for school 
 sections in the county of Monroe, covered by 
 what were called " the old French private 
 claims." The Judge made out the papers 
 for the signature of the Governor, and the 
 Commissioner of the United States land 
 ofiSce at once recognized the claim, and 
 the lands were so assigned. While Judge 
 Christiancy was a member of the Michigan 
 Senate in tha winter of 18.50, he brought to the 
 attention of Frank Sherman, then Superintend- 
 ent of Public In.struction, the original charter 
 of the " Catholopistemiad, or University of 
 Michigan," and suggested its publication. Ho 
 at once accepted the suggestion and in the 
 next report inserted the full text of the act. In 
 this way the original charter of the Michigan 
 University' first saw the light in print, and was 
 at last rescued from the oblivion to which its 
 pedantic name had theretofore consigned it. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 CAUSES THAT LED TO THE WAR OF 1812 SURRENDER OF DETROIT BY OKNERAI, HITI.I,. 
 
 THE ruling passion of Great Britain has 
 over been the acquisition of territory, 
 by no means limited to the eastern continent 
 and the isles of the sea. She persisted in her 
 warfare with the Government of France until 
 the year 1763, when she acquired from that 
 Government all of her American possessions, 
 and by treaty claimed the exclusive con- 
 trol until the close of the Kevolutionary War 
 in 1783, at which time, by the treaty commonly 
 known as the .Jay treaty, she ceded thorn to 
 the Government of the United States of Amer- 
 ica. After holding undisputed sway for twenty 
 years, appreciating the vast income derived 
 from our fisheries and grants and licenses to 
 those engaged in the fur-trade, she with great 
 reluctance and with a poor grace re-ceded to 
 our Government all her acquisitions from 
 France. In making this cession by the treaty 
 of 1783 of all the capacious harbors, noble 
 rivers and tho Northwest Territory, it was the 
 opinion among many of our eminent statesmen 
 that she ever cherished the desire and deter- 
 mination of regaining them. This opinion 
 was based not only on the well-known desire 
 for acquisition, but from her persistent efforts 
 before and at the time of the treaty to limit our 
 territory as far as practicable, and to the full 
 extent of her power. Satisfied from her ex- 
 perience in tho War of the Revolution that 
 they could not be regained by force of arms, 
 the energies of her statesmen were wasted in 
 their efforts to have this vast territory organ- 
 ized into independent states, and to recognize 
 the various Indian nations as indejjendent 
 nations. Could Great Britain have accom- 
 plished this purpose through the numerous 
 and powerful tribes of Indians that roamed 
 over those vast tracts of territory which have 
 since become populous States, a large portion 
 of whom were then in sympath}' with and 
 allies of the English during the Revolutionary 
 War, she could then by treaty and purchase 
 
 have acquired that which she could not hold 
 by force and arms. She could then have colon- 
 ized and occupied nearly the whole line of 
 territory on the lakes, and the territory west 
 of Lake Brie would have been an insuperable 
 obstacle to the growth of the Northwest, and 
 would have to-day been subject to the British 
 Government instead of a free and independent 
 government. 
 
 This design on the part of Great Britain is 
 further apparent from the fact that although 
 this territory had been, by the treaty of 1783, 
 ceded to our Government, the stipulations of the 
 treaty were not carried out; and for years she 
 retained possession of American f>orts captured 
 during the Revolutionary War, and was con- 
 stantly by bribes and presents instigating the 
 savage tribes to make imjiractieable the settle- 
 ment of the pioneers in the Northwest Terri- 
 tory. Notwithstanding the stipulations of the 
 treaty of 1783, the British Government, in 
 violation thereof, still retained possession of the 
 territory north of the Ohio, and at the decisive 
 victory of General Wayne after the treaty-, tho 
 Canadian volunteers and militia constituted a 
 considerable part of the Indian armies. The de- 
 cisive battle was fought under the walls of a 
 British fort, standing on territory previously 
 ceded to the United States Government. 
 
 These violations of a sacred ti-eaty and en- 
 croachments u2)on our territory on the frontier 
 were still more exasperating upon the high 
 seas. Napoleon was at this time in the very 
 zenith of his power; and Great Britain, in.stead 
 of overthrowing and crushing at once the 
 French Republic, began to tremble for her own 
 safety. The deadly strife that followed ex- 
 hausted her resources and crippled her strength. 
 She had for years been mistress of the seas, 
 and to supply her navy with seamen, resorted 
 to impressment of not only her own subjects 
 but on American ships of American sailors. 
 She arrested our merchant vessels on the 
 
 [48] 
 
CAUSES THAT LED TO THE WAR OF l8l2. 
 
 40 
 
 higli seas undor tlio preteiiso of seeking de- 
 serters, and without hesitation with groundless 
 charges forced our sailors into the British navy 
 and pressed them into the service of a hated 
 nation. Over six thousand were known to 
 have been thus impressed into the enemy's 
 navy, though the real number was far in ex- 
 cess of that number. This disregard of treaty 
 obligations and these insults to our Govern- 
 ment were not confined to the high seas, but 
 our American merchantmen were boarded on 
 our own coasts and captured. American sea- 
 men were ])re8scd into their service in tiie very 
 harbor of New York. Tliese aggressions on 
 huul and violations of laws of nations and 
 treaty stipulations continued, and becoming in- 
 tensely aggravating, led on the part of our 
 Government to an open declaration of war. 
 Tlie New England States, with fresh recollec- 
 tion of the carnage, bloodshed and strife of 
 the Eevolutionary War, with their sympathies 
 for a monarchical form of government, were 
 averse to the declaration of war; and we were 
 not only compelled to encounter the armies 
 and navy of the most powerful nation on land 
 and 8ea,but to meet with wisdom and great tirni- 
 ness the opposition of a powerful part}' com- 
 posed of our own citizens. Having just recov- 
 ered from the consequences of the long and ex- 
 haustive KevoliitioiKuy struggle, and feeling 
 tiie invigorating influence of prosperity, the 
 nation instinctively shrank from a war that 
 would necessarily paralj-ze her commerce and 
 the rising ho])es of a young nation. The Gov- 
 ernment determined to exhaust all the efforts 
 of diplomacy before resorting to arms, but 
 England's encroachments were so barefaced 
 and outrageous that Thomas Jefferson conclud- 
 ed that patience and forbearance ceased to be 
 virtues, and in communicating his impressions 
 derived from intercourse with the English 
 authorities, writes to our Government irom 
 England : " In spite of treaties England is our 
 enemy. Her hatred is deep-rooted and cordial, 
 and nothing with her is wanted but power, to 
 wipe us and the land we live in out of existence." 
 
 Assuming the role of dictator, by her orders 
 she not onlj- violated all our rights as a nation 
 while submitting a treaty that was for protec- 
 tion, but plundered our vessels, impressed our 
 seamen and threatened the towns along our 
 coasts with conflagration. 
 
 A powerful party within our own borders 
 
 that was opposed to the War of ISl'J compris- 
 ed many of the leading statesmen of this 
 country, and it should not appear to us strange 
 when we consider the patriotism that charac- 
 terized many in the party. Many of the 
 noblest men had offered their lives and for- 
 tunes to the cause of liberty in the iJovolution- 
 ary struggle, and yet regarded the British 
 Government as the best in the world. The}- 
 made their sacrifices and evinced their patriot- 
 ism not so much against the form of govern- 
 ment, but to be free from its oppressive acts. 
 They admired the British constitution, and 
 took up arms not so much to destroj- as to cn- 
 joj' the rights it guai-anteed its subjects. 
 
 A great majority of the patriots and states- 
 men believed that sufficient provocation had 
 been given to justif)' us in a resort to arms. 
 The impressment of 6,000 or 7,000 seamen, 
 most of them American citizens, the destruc- 
 tion of nearl}' a thousand merchantmen, and 
 the insults heaped upon our flag, were wrongs 
 which could not be justified. 
 
 In anticipation of the War of 1S12, General 
 Hull, the Governor of Michigan Territorj', had 
 been ordered to occupy tlie Territory with an 
 army of two thousand men, for the purpose of 
 defending the northwest frontier from the In- 
 dians, and in case of war vvith Great Britain to 
 obtain command of Lake Erie. lie would thus 
 be able to co-operate with General Dearborn, 
 who had served in the Revolution and had 
 been appointed commander-in-chief of the 
 northern forces, and had repaired to Platts- 
 burg; while General VanRensselaer of the 
 New York militia, and General Smith, were 
 stationed on the Niagara frontier. 
 
 The design of this work will not a<lmit of 
 following further and in detail the campaign of 
 Generals Dearborn, VanRensselaer and Smith, 
 having in view the invasion and conquest of 
 Canada, but will be devoted in future to the cam- 
 paign in the Northwest Territory under tlie 
 command of General Hull, who had been an offi- 
 cer of merit under General Wa.shington in the 
 Revolutionary War, and whose appointment at 
 that time was considered a vcrj- judicious one. 
 
 In compliance with the call of the President, 
 authorized by Congress, to the several States 
 in anticipation of a war with Great Britain, 
 Governor Meigs, of Ohio, issued his proclama- 
 tion and drafted twelve hundred men from Ohio, 
 which with three hundred volunteers under 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Colonel Miller, three companies ofartilleiy and 
 a part of the First regiment of infantry, assem- 
 bled at Dayton, Ohio. The command thereof 
 was by Governor Meigs assigned to General 
 Hull, with instructions from the War Depart- 
 ment to march to Detroit with all possible 
 speed. The three regiments, under the com- 
 mand of Colonels Cass, McArthur and Findlay, 
 left Daj'ton June 1st with over two thousand 
 rank and file for Detroit. While en route for 
 Detroit General Hull at Findlay received infor- 
 mation from the Secretary of War that war 
 icotild probably soon be declared, dated June 
 8tli, 1812; but the declaration of war dated the 
 same daj' was not received by General Hull 
 until July 2d, at Frenchtown, on the River 
 Raisin, where he rested with his army over one 
 day. On the Ist of July, at Miami, on the 
 Maumee river. General Hull employed a 
 schooner, the Cuyahoga, of which one Chapin 
 was captain, to carry his baggage, hospital 
 stores, intrenching tools and about thirty 
 officers and privates, with muster rolls, which 
 had just been completed, and with instructions 
 from Secretary of War. The General declared 
 that as he had not then received a declaration 
 of war, the two Governments were yet at peace. 
 But official notice of the declaration of war had 
 been received by the British commander at 
 Maiden six days before the declaration was 
 received by General Hull, giving the British 
 officers a great advantage in preparations. When 
 the vessel with army supplies attempted to pass 
 the British fort at Maiden it was seized and 
 captured with all on board. This advantage 
 gained over him had a depressing effect on 
 General Hull. 
 
 On the4thof July, General Hull, with his arm j', 
 reached Huron River, about two miles east of 
 the present site of Gibraltar, and constructed a 
 bridge. Here he was met by troops from De- 
 troit to aid in preparing the road. On the 5th 
 the army crossed the Ecorse and Rouge rivers 
 and reached the same evening Springwells, 
 having traveled over 200 miles through an 
 almost unbroken wilderness and forests, build- 
 ing bridges as they came to streams and rivers, 
 wading through tlie memorable black swamp, 
 enduring great hardships. On the morning of 
 the 6th of July General Hull ordered General 
 Cass to Maiden with a flag of truce to demand the 
 baggage and prisoners captured on the schooner 
 Cuyahoga. On his arrival at Maiden he was 
 
 blindfolded, his demands refused, and he was 
 escorted back to Detroit. 
 
 General Hull, having reached Detroit with 
 his capable and patriotic officers and army of 
 2,000 men, could have easily captured Maiden, 
 and was urged to the necessity of doing some- 
 thing to carry out the objects of the campaign. 
 On the 12th of July he yielded to the pressure 
 and marched with bis army to Sandwich. Hei'e 
 he paused and was vacillating; to the great 
 disgust of his officers, he halted four days ; 
 issued a proclamation to the Canadians, and 
 sent out detachments penetrating into the 
 country. After this delay, General Hull sent 
 Colonels Lewis Cass and Miller with a detach- 
 ment of 280 men, toward Maiden. These officers 
 pushed on to the River Canard, within four 
 miles of the British fort at Maiden, drove in 
 the pickets, took possession of and held the 
 bridge, and immediately dispatched a messen- 
 ger to General Hull announcing their success. 
 For.some unaccountaljle reason General Hull, in- 
 stead of being gratified at their success, seemed 
 irritated, condemned the attack, and directed the 
 immediate return of the detachment to Detroit. 
 The brave officers persisted in their request to 
 attack the enemy to no purpose. 
 
 From the statements of the British afterwards, 
 it appeared that the approach of this detach- 
 ment tilled the British garrison with alarm ; 
 their shipping was brought up to the wharves 
 and the loading of baggage and stores com- 
 menced jDreparatorj- to flight. Two sides of 
 the fort were dilapidated, while 700 men, of 
 whom only 100 were regulars, constituted the 
 entire garrison. From the panic which the 
 approach of Colonels Cass and Miller created, 
 there is no doubt that the appearance of Gen- 
 eral Hull's army of 2,000 men before the place 
 would have been followed by an immediate sur- 
 render. The American officers and array felt 
 certain of success and were impatient to be led 
 to the attack; but General Hull thought it un- 
 .safe to advance without heav}- artillery, and 
 desii-ed to know the effect of his proclamation. 
 Two thousand men quietly waited for this 
 miserable garrison of 700 men, 600 of whom 
 were Canadian militia, restrained by the vac- 
 illating course of the commanding officer. The 
 American army was kept in this position three 
 weeks. When at length two twenty-pounders 
 and three howitzers were mounted and with 
 the ammunition placed on floating batteries, 
 
SURRENDER OF nETROIT P.Y GENERAL HULL. 
 
 51 
 
 ready to move on Maiden, the order to mareli 
 was countermanded, and the army instead 
 of advancing against the enemy, recrossed 
 the river to Detroit, over which it had passed 
 a few weelis before to the conquest of Can. 
 ada. During his delay of weeks the gathering 
 of the Indian clans and re-enforcements pour- 
 ing into the British garrison at Maiden seem- 
 ed to alarm General Hull. The surrender at 
 this time, on the 17th of July, of our post at 
 Mackinac was announced b3' the olRcers and 
 troops paroled, and increased his fears, lor it 
 threatened the opposing forces of the Indians, 
 Canadians and British in all the Northwest. The 
 fort at Mackinac was the grand depot of the 
 fur companies, and had shielded General Hull 
 from all attacks from that quarter. 
 
 Three days previous to the retreat of General 
 Hull from Canada, Colonel Proctor, of the 
 British armj', had arrived at Maiden with re- 
 enforcements, and threw a detachment across 
 the river to Brownstown to intercept an\' pro- 
 visions and army supplies that might be ad- 
 vancing from Ohio to the American army. 
 Colonel Brush, who was on the waj- from Ohio 
 with the mail, flour, cattle and supjjlies for the 
 fort at Detroit, was advised of the naovemeiits 
 of Colonel Proctor and was ordered to halt at 
 the River Eaisin. To open the communication 
 and aid Colonel Brush, Major Van Home was 
 dispatched with 200 volunteers and militia : but 
 the detachment was led into an ambush at 
 Brownstown and utlerlj' defeated, but about 
 one-half returning to the army. Both General 
 Hull and Major Van Horno were censured — 
 the general for not sending a stronger force, 
 remaining quietly in Canada and crossing his 
 forces leisurely to Detroit ; the latter for not 
 heeding the information received that the 
 enemy were in advance, and allowing his small 
 force to rush into an ambuscade. General 
 Hull's position was now embarrassing. Re- 
 enforcements were hastening to the support of 
 Maiden, his communications on Lake Erie were 
 cut off by the British vessels, while the defeat 
 of Van Ilorne indicated that his communica- 
 tions by land were also cut off. The general 
 knew the land communications must be opened 
 at all hazards, and dispatched Colonel Miller, 
 with 400 men, on the route which Van Home 
 had taken, to clear the road to the River Raisin. 
 
 Colonel Miller left Detroit August 8, 1S12, 
 and the next day in the afternoon, as he was 
 
 approaching Brown.-itown, came upon the 
 enemy, covered with a breastwork of logs and 
 branches of trees, protected on the one side by 
 the Detroit river and on the other by swamps 
 and thickets. The British were commanded 
 by Muir and the Indians by Tecumseb. Caj)- 
 tain Snelling, leading the advance guard, ap- 
 proached to within half musket shot, when he 
 discovered the enemy. A fierce and deadly 
 fire was opened on him, which he sustained 
 with great courage until Colonel Miller, convert- 
 ing his march into order of battle, advanced to 
 his support. Seeing how destructive the fire of 
 the enemjT was, while the bullets of his own 
 men buried themselves for the most part in the 
 logs of the breastwork, also perceiving some 
 symptoms of wavering. Miller determinetl to 
 carrj' the works by the bayonet. The order to 
 charge was received with loud cheers, and the 
 next moment one detachment poured fiercely 
 over the breastworks, routing the British and 
 Canadians, and pressed swiftlj^ on their retreat- 
 ing footsteps. Tecumseb, however, maintain- 
 ed bis post, and Van Home, who commanded 
 the right flank of the American lines, suppos- 
 ing from bis stubl)orn resistance that it would 
 require more force than he possessed to dis- 
 lodge him, sent to Colonel Miller for re-enforce- 
 ments. The latter iiumediatcly ordered a halt, 
 and with reluctance turned from the fugitives, 
 now almost within his grasp, and hastened to 
 the relief of his subordinate. On arriving "at 
 the breastworks he found the Indians in full 
 flight. He started again in pursuit, but ar- 
 rived in view of the oneiu}- only to see it on 
 the water floating away beyond his grasp. He 
 had, however, established the communication 
 between Detroit and the River Raisin, and dis- 
 patched Colonel Snelling to Detroit with an 
 account of the victory and a request for boats 
 to remove the wounded, bring provisions for 
 the living and re-enforcements to supply the 
 places of the dead and disabled. General 
 Hull promptly sent Colonel McArthur vv'ith 
 100 men and the boats, but with provisions 
 suflicient only for a single meal. Colonel Mil- 
 ler was then some twent}' miles from su])plies, 
 but not deeming it prudent with his slender 
 force and scanty provisions to proceed, re- 
 mained on the battle field and sent another 
 messenger, declaring communication opened, 
 and assuring him a few more men and provi- 
 sions would keep it so, expecting, as soon as 
 
52 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 supplies came and he was relieved of the sick 
 and wounded, to march to Brush at the Eaisin. 
 The nest evening the messenger i-eturned, 
 bringing instead of the provisions a peremptory 
 order to return to Detroit with his forces. 
 
 On the evening of thel4th General Hull sent 
 Colonels McArthur and Cass, with a detachment 
 of 400 men, to obtain by a back, circuitous and 
 unknown route through the woods, that^which 
 Colonel Miller had secui-ed and then been com- 
 pelled to relinquish. 
 
 On the evening of the 15th General Hull 
 sent a courier to the detachment under Cass 
 and McArthur, ordering them before reaching 
 the Eaisin to return, as the fort had been 
 summoned to surrender. The detachment 
 marched until two o'clock that night on their 
 return, and early the next morning arrived at 
 the edge of the woods in the vicinity of Detroit, 
 where they drew up in order of battle. 
 
 In the meantime General Brock, commander 
 of the British forces, approached Detroit on 
 the opposite side of the River Detroit, and com- 
 menced erecting batteries to j)rotect his army 
 and cover it in crossing the river. General 
 Hull's officers proposed and urged him to ])er- 
 mit.them to cross and spike the guns and dis- 
 able the enemy, but every project suggested 
 was rejected, and the 24-pounders and howitzers 
 were dumb on their carriages in front of these 
 hostile preparations. 
 
 On the morning of the 15th of August, 1S12, 
 a messenger arrived from General Brock de- 
 manding an immediate surrender of the town 
 and fort. General Hull replied, refusing 
 in a very spirited manner. General Brock 
 immediately opened his fire from a newlj' erect- 
 ed batterj-, and after knocking down chim- 
 neys and disabling a few soldiers, ceased firing 
 about ten o'clock in the evening. The next 
 morning General Brock, under the protection 
 of his battery, commenced crossing the river 
 and without loss succeeded. The opposing 
 forces were nearly equal, but the position of 
 the Americans gave them greatly the advan- 
 tage. TheAmerican fort was of great strength, 
 surrounded by a deep, wide ditch, and strongly 
 palisaded, witii an e.xtcrior battery of two 24- 
 pounders. At this time Colonel Anderson, 
 stationed at corner of Jefferson avenue and 
 Wayne street with two 24-pounder8, with his 
 fuse readj', was confident he could with one 
 charge have blown General Brock's close 
 
 column to pieces, but instead received an order 
 from General Hull not to fire. The ditch was 
 occupied by 400 men, while 400 more lay be- 
 hind a picket fence which flanked the approach 
 to it. Three hundred more held the town. 
 Against this formidable army General Brock 
 boldly advanced, riding in front of his column, 
 apparently doomed to swift destruction, with 
 his troops advancing, while with impatience 
 every eye of our forces was sternly bent, and 
 every heart beating intensely to hear the com- 
 mand to fire. In this moment of thrilling ex- 
 citement a white flag was hoisted above the 
 fort, and an order came for all the troops to 
 withdraAv from the outer posts and stack their 
 arms. Such a cry of indignation arose as 
 probably never before assailed the ears of a 
 commander. 
 
 This shameful deed was done on the 16th 
 of August, 1812, and by the articles of capitu- 
 lation included Colonels McArthur and Cass, 
 with their detachments that had been sent to 
 the River Raisin, together with the detachment 
 under Colonel Brush at the River Raisin that 
 was entrusted with the supplies. Colonels 
 McArthur and Cass, having heard the cannon- 
 ading twenty-four hours before, were return- 
 ing, and at the moment the white flag was 
 raised were with their forces within one and a 
 half miles from the fort, advancing so as to 
 take the enemy in the rear. Thus ended a 
 defense which was thought by the most intelli- 
 gent officers would have resulted in the entire 
 destruction of the British army. 
 
 The terms of capitulation surrendered 2,000 
 men, 40 barrels of powder, 400 rounds of 24- 
 pouud shot, 100,000 ball cartridges, 24,000 
 stand of arms, 35 iron and 8 brass cannon and 
 a large supply of provisions ; and for weeks 
 thereafter small boats were engaged in trans- 
 porting the military stores to Maiden. 
 
 General Hull was tried by court-martial, of 
 which Martin Van Buren was judge advocate. 
 Acquitted of treason, he was found guilty of 
 cowardice, and was sentenced to be shot, but 
 was pardoned by the President. His life was 
 saved, but he was ever after a blighted and 
 ruined man. It is sad to think he went down 
 to the grave in sorrow and disgrace — that one 
 who had marched beside General Washington 
 in the perilous advance on Trenton, stood 
 firmly amidst the hottest fire at Princeton, 
 gallantly led his men to the charge at Bemis 
 
SURRENDER OF DETROIT BY GENERAL HULL, 
 
 53 
 
 Heights, aiul faced without flinching the fiery 
 sleet that swept the column pressing up the 
 rugged heights of Stony Point, should be 
 adjudged a coward. He had been a gallant 
 subordinate officer in the Revolution; but a 
 man may be a good major or even colonel, yet 
 a very poor commander-in-chief — qualified and 
 eminently fit to act under orders, whom per- 
 sonal danger never moves, but unnerved by 
 great responsibility. 
 
 It is a singular coincidence that Napoleon was 
 advancing on Moscow, and the very morning 
 that Murat and Ney attacked and fell on the 
 rear Russian Guard who began the memorable 
 retreat, was the same morning that General 
 Hull made his ignominious surrender of De- 
 troit to General Brock, commander of the 
 British forces. 
 
 A considerable force of British and Indians 
 was stationed at Detroit from the time of the 
 surrender until the following winter, while 
 Colonel Proctor's headquarters were at Maiden 
 with the main British army. 
 
 In order to secure the foi-ce under Colonel 
 Brush and the supplies in his charge, Captain 
 Elliot, a British officer, was immediately after 
 the surrender and capitulation sent to the 
 River Raisin fi'om Detroit, accompanied by a 
 Frenchman and a Wyandot Indian, with a 
 copy of the capitulation. Colonel Brush, learn- 
 ing from his scout that Captain Elliot was 
 coming with a flag of truce, sent a guard out 
 to meet him. Elliot and his companions were 
 blindfolded and brought into the stockade. 
 Colonel Brush would not believe Captain 
 Elliot's story ; thought it a hoax, and the copy 
 of the capitulation a forgery, so utterly im- 
 probable did it seem to him that Detroit had 
 been taken. For this reason he confined Cap- 
 tain Elliot and his companions in the block- 
 house. The next day, August 17th, the story 
 of the surrender was confirmed by an Ameri- 
 can soldier who had escaped from Detroit. 
 Upon learning this, Colonel Brush packed up 
 what provisions he could, retaining Captain 
 Elliot's horse to aid in carrying the sick, and 
 driving his cattle befbi'e him, escaped with his 
 stores and army to Ohio, leaving orders to re- 
 lease Elliot on the next day, which was done. 
 Elliot was of course indignant at his treatment 
 and at the escape of Colonel Brush with so 
 much of the supplies. To add to his rage, a 
 great portion of the provisions and ammunition 
 
 left by Brush had been carried off and secreted 
 by the inhabitants of the place before his re- 
 lease, they thinking it no great harm to take 
 from their own what would otherwise fall into 
 the hands of the " rascally British," as they 
 called them. Captain Elliot sent for the Indian 
 Chief Tecumseh and his band to pursue Brush, 
 and encouraged the Indians to ravage and 
 plunder the settlement, in spite of the remon- 
 strance of Tecumseh. 
 
 The settlement was plundered not onh- of 
 jjrovisions and cattle, but horses, saddles, 
 bridles, household furniture, and every valu- 
 able that had not been secreted. The settle- 
 ment was so thoroughly stripped of horses that 
 James Knaggs, who had for days been con- 
 cealed in the settlement (a reward of S500 
 having been oflFcred for his scalp), could find 
 only one on which to escape to Ohio, and that 
 horse had been hidden bj^ a tailor in a cellar. 
 Knaggs gave his coat and a silver watch for 
 it. After much peril he succeeded in escaping. 
 He was tjie scout or messenger who was en- 
 trusted with communication between Colonel 
 Brush and General Hull when it was extreme- 
 ly hazardous to travei'se the forests by In- 
 dian trails among hostile savages. Mr. James 
 Knaggs subsequently fought under Colonel 
 Richard M. Johnson at the Battle of the 
 Thames, and with Medard Labadie of River 
 Raisin carried Colonel Johnson, wounded, in a 
 blanket from the field. 
 
 The chief Tecumseh was the soul of honor 
 when his word was pledged. When Tecumseh's 
 hunting parties approached the white settle- 
 ments, horses and cattle were occasionally stolen 
 from the French settlers, but notice to the chief 
 failed not to produce instant redress. The 
 character of Tecumseh was that of a gallant 
 warrior, an honest and honorable man, and 
 his memory was respected by many of our old 
 citizens who personally knew him. One inci- 
 dent will illustrate the character of the great 
 Indian chieftain. When summoned by Elliot 
 immediately after the surrender in August, 
 1812, to come to the River Raisin and pursue 
 Colonel Brush, he found that most of the cattle 
 of the settlement had been driven off, either by 
 the settlers in order to save them or by the In- 
 dians as plunder. Therefore he experienced 
 great difficulty in getting meat for his warriors. 
 He, however, discovered a )-oko of fine black 
 oxen, belonging to a Frenchman by the name 
 
54 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 of Eivard, who resided up the river some dis- 
 tance. Tecumseh insisted on taking the cattle, 
 but Eivard begged hard, stating they were the 
 only property ho had left, and taking him into 
 the house showed the chieftain his father sick 
 and in need of medicine. He appealed urgent- 
 ly to Tecumseh's genei-osity, but Tecumseh 
 said he must have the oxen, as his men were 
 hungry. Young Eivard remonstrated. He 
 told the chief that if he took them his father 
 would starve to death. 
 
 "Well," said Tecumseh, "we are the con- 
 querors. I must have the oxen, my people 
 must not starve, but I will not rob you of them. 
 I will pay you flOO, which is more than they 
 are worth, but I must have them." 
 
 The cattle were speedily killed, large fires 
 built, and the warriors were soon feasting on 
 their flesh. During the evening Tecumseh got 
 a white man to write an order on the British 
 Indian agent. Captain Elliot (who was on the 
 river some distance below), for the money. 
 Young Eivard took ' the order immediately to 
 Colonel Elliot, who refused to pa}' it, and treated 
 him harshly, saying: 
 
 " We are entitled to our support from the 
 country we have conquered, and I will not 
 pay it." 
 
 The young man returned with a sorrowful 
 heart and Elliot's answer to Tecumseh, who said: 
 
 " He won't pay it, will he? Stay all night 
 and to-morrow we will go and see." 
 
 The next morning he took .young Eivard 
 straight into the presence of the captain in the 
 block-house. On meeting him he said : 
 
 " Do you refuse to pay for the oxen I bought?" 
 
 " Yes," said the captain, and reiterated the 
 reason for refusal. 
 
 The chieftain felt insulted, and said : 
 
 " I bought them for my joung men, who 
 were very hungry. I promised to pay for 
 them, and they shall be paid for if I have to sell 
 all my own horses to pay for them. I have 
 always heard that the white people went to 
 war with each other and not with peaceable 
 inhabitants; that they did not rob and plunder 
 poor people. I will not." 
 
 " Well," said the captain, " I will not pay for 
 them." 
 
 The chief replied : 
 
 " You can do as you please, but before Te- 
 cumseh, the Prophet and his warriors came to 
 fight the battles of the great king, they had 
 enough to eat, for which they had only to thank 
 
 the Great Spirit and their good rifles. Their 
 hunting grounds supplied them food enough 
 and to them they can return." 
 
 He said further that the man was poor and 
 had a sick father, as he knew, having seen 
 him; thatitw^as notrightthat this man should 
 suffer for the evil deeds of his government, and 
 that if this was the way the British intended to 
 carry on the war he would pay the debt and 
 then leave with his men for his home and let 
 the British do their own fighting. Elliot was 
 alarmed and frightened bj- the angry and de- 
 termined chieftain, and brought out $100 in 
 government scrip, but Tecumseh told him to 
 take it back, as be promised the man the 
 money and money he should have or he would 
 leave. Elliot was with great reluctance com- 
 pelled to pay the specie, and then Tecumseh 
 made him pay the man a dollar extra for the 
 trouble he had been to. Eivard went his way 
 rejoicing with his $100, and Tecumseh's ire was 
 appeased and his word vindicated. 
 
 Soon after this the block-house on the site 
 now occupied by Major Chapman was by the 
 command of Captain Elliot burned ; also a por- 
 tion of the pickets were destroyed, deeming it 
 prudent to destroy them, as he knew it was 
 impossible for the British to keep an armed 
 force at this point. Elliot then left, and from 
 this time until the month of October, bands of 
 Indians frequently returned to the Eiver Eaisin 
 and plundered the settlement. 
 
 In October, 1812, British officers came with 
 a force of militia from Maiden and took perma- 
 nent possession of the town of Frenchtown. 
 The officers occupied the houses of Jerome and 
 Couture, below the brick house now owned by 
 Louis Lafontain,not far from the present bridge 
 of the Michigan Central Eailroad. The Lafon- 
 tain house was not then built, and was the site 
 of Colonel Lacroix's residence; but the site of 
 the building with those eastward was occupied 
 with wooden buildings, all of which were 
 burned to the ground at the time of the massa- 
 cre in the following January. This location 
 was made from the fact that it was adjacent to 
 and commanded the only road from the south, 
 which had been previously made by General 
 Hull, and from which point the British natur- 
 ally expected the approach of American forces; 
 also because from its elevation it overlooked 
 the opposite (south) side of the Eiver Eaisin, 
 as General Harrison was daily expected on his 
 way with his army to Detroit. 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 FROM THE SUKREXnER OF GENERAL HULL TO AND INCLUDING THE MASSACRE AT THE 
 
 RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 BY the terms of the capitulation, Fort Detroit 
 was immediately surrendered to the Brit- 
 isli forces under the command of Major-General 
 Brock, toj^ether with all the troops, regulars as 
 well as militia, and all i)uhlic stores, arms, and 
 documents. The troops wei-e considered as 
 prisoners of war, with the exception of such of 
 the Michigan militia as had not joined thearniy. 
 The Ohio troops were paroled and sent home 
 by way of Cleveland, the Michigan militia 
 released, and most of the regular troops were 
 sent in flat bottomed boats down the St. Law- 
 rence Eivcr to Montreal and Quebec. 
 
 Major-General Brock left Detroit in command 
 of Colonel Proctor, with two hundred and fifty 
 men. He by proclamation suspended the laws 
 of the Territory, and declared the Territory 
 muler martial law until such time as the danger 
 then existing or to be apprehended should be 
 removed. 
 
 The siirrender of the northwestern army 
 astonished and surprised the whole country, 
 and was followed by indignation and a spirit of 
 retaliation and revenge. The whole Northwest 
 Territory was now laid open to the incursions 
 of the savages. This army was regarded at 
 the time by our Government as sure of success, 
 and was expected to sweep everything before 
 it, and this shameful surrender was not at first 
 credited. Kentuckj-, Ohio, Pennsj'lvania and 
 Virginia sent forth crowds of -volunteers, eager 
 to redeem the tarnished reputation of the 
 country. Several members of'Congrcss from 
 Kentucky enlisted as private soldiers. The 
 young and ardent Heniy Clay at the musters 
 thrilled the 3-ouug m.en who surrounded him 
 with his ardent zeal and eloquence. Ten thou- 
 sand men were raised iu a very short time and 
 placed under General Harrison, the hero of 
 Tippecanoe. To these were added portions of 
 the 17th and 19th Rcgimentsof regular infantry, 
 and two regiments from Kentucky and Ohio. 
 
 Four thousand men raised by order of Governor 
 Shelby of Kentucky, all mounted, were put 
 under Major-General Hopkins, of the militia, 
 who, jointly with three regiments already sent 
 to Vincennes by General Harrison, were ex- 
 pected to defend the frontiers of Illinois and 
 Indiana. 
 
 September 12, 1812, General Harri.son with 
 about 2,500 men reached li'ort Deposit and 
 relieved the garrison, composed of about seventy 
 men, who had gallantl}^ withstood the attacks 
 of hordes of Indians. Here he remained until 
 the arrival of other troops, and occupied the 
 time in sending out detachments against the 
 Indian villages, all of which were successful. 
 On the 18th of the same month, he returned to 
 Fort Wayne, where he met General Winchester 
 with i-e-enforcemcnts of 2,000 men from Ohio 
 and Kentucky. 
 
 In the latter part of September he arrived at 
 Fort Defiance. Leaving his forces there he 
 returned to the settlements to organize and 
 hasten up the forces designed to constitute the 
 center and right wing of his army. He aban- 
 doned the original plan of boldly marching on 
 Detroit and recapturing it at once, anti determin- 
 ed to advance in three different columns, bj- as 
 many different routes, to the Miami Rapids, 
 thence move suddenl}' to Brownstown, cro.ss 
 the liiver Deti-oit and seize Maiden, which had 
 been the source of so much annoj-ance to Gen- 
 eral Hull, and avenge the disgrace of the sur- 
 render. 
 
 The lakes being in possc.'ision of the enemy, 
 provisions, ammunition and cannon had to be 
 transported by land, through swamps and 
 marshes, and along forest paths aud Indian 
 trails, which could be traced only bj- blazed 
 trees, and traversed only when the ground was 
 frozen He therefore occupied his time in send- 
 ing out detachments and hurrying up his forces, 
 iu order to be ready to advance when the frozen 
 
 [55] 
 
56 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ground, and csjiecially llie ice along the margin 
 of the hike, would facilitate the transportation 
 of his guns and munitions of war. 
 
 General Harrison in December gave the order 
 for the whole army to move forward in three 
 divisions: One from Sandusky, with a park of 
 artillery and a nominal force of 10,000 strong; 
 one from Fort Mc Arthur ; and the third, under 
 General Winchester, was to advance from Fort 
 Defiance to the Eapids of the Maumee, there 
 take in their supplies of ordnance and provi 
 sions, and proceed at once to invest Maiden. 
 
 Harrison, commanding the central division, 
 started on the 31st of December. General 
 Winchester, who had moved six miles from 
 Fort Defiance towards the Maumee Rapids, 
 commenced his march on the 8th of January. 
 It was a cold,bittei- day, and the snow lay over 
 two feet deep in the forest when that doomed 
 column, one thousand strong, set out for tiie 
 Maumee Rapids, twonty-seven miles distant. 
 The troops, most of whom were Keutuckians, 
 were brave and hardy, and cheerfully harnessed 
 themselves to sledges, dragging their baggage 
 through the deep snow. General Winchester 
 was ordered to fortify himself at the Maumee 
 Rapids, and wait for the arrival of the other 
 troops. Three days after arriving at this place, 
 on the 13th of January, 1813, while construct- 
 ing liuts to receive the suj)plies on the way and 
 sleds for their tran.sportution to Maiden, he 
 received an urgent request from the inhabi- 
 tants of Frenchtowu, on the River Raisin, to 
 come to their assistance. Feeling the imjjor- 
 tance of fulfillirig his general orders, he gave 
 the messenger no encouragement. But another 
 express on the next day and a third the day 
 after, assured him that the whole settlement 
 was threatened with massacre by the Indians, 
 that only a small force of the enemy held pos- 
 session of the place, and by a prompt answer to 
 their prayer the ruin of all would be prevented, 
 (jreneral Harrison called a council of officers. 
 Colonel Allen and other gallant officers pleaded 
 the cause of the helpless settlers, declaring that 
 the true object of the expedition was the protec- 
 tion of the frontiers from the merciless Indi- 
 ans — that brave men spurned danger when 
 prayers of women and children were sounding 
 in their ears. The troops, touched by the 
 earnestness of the messengers and the peril of 
 the inhabitants of Fi'onchtown, were anxious 
 to move at once towards the River Raisin. Such 
 
 appeals prevailed over the cooler and safer 
 arguments drawn from the necessity of not 
 damaging the success of the whole campaign by 
 jjeriling one of the wings of the advancing 
 army. 
 
 The result of this council with the officers 
 was a determination to send ti-oops immediately 
 to the Raisin, thirty-five miles distant by the 
 route they must travel. On the morning of 
 the 17th, Colonel Lewis with 500 men started 
 for Frenchtowu, instructed to attack and rout 
 the enemy an-dhold the place. These were 
 followed a few hours later by Colonel Allen and 
 100 men, who joined Colonel Lewis at Presque 
 Isle, a point on Maumee Bay a little below the 
 present city of Toledo. There the troops passed 
 an intensely cold night. Strong ice covered the 
 bay and shores of Lake Erie, and over that icy 
 bridge the little army moved early and rapidly. 
 They breakfasted on the shores of the lake in 
 snow several inches deep, then moved steadily 
 forward in three lines, so arranged as to fall 
 into order of battle with a moment's notice. 
 Tliey moved rapidly on the morning of the 18th, 
 and were within six miles of Frenchtown before 
 they were discovered by the scouts of the enemy 
 — then about 500 strong and consisting of Cana- 
 dians and Indians. 
 
 Frenchtown at this time was a settlement 
 containing thirty-five French families, twenty- 
 two of whom resided on the north side, and had 
 been taken possession of by the enemy soon alter 
 Hull surrendered. At the time of the approach of 
 Colonel Lewis and his command, it was held bj' 
 two companies of Canadians, 100 in number, 
 under Major Reynolds, and about 400 Indians 
 led by Round-Head and Split-Log, eminent 
 Indian chiefs. The River Raisin was frozen 
 hard, and when Colonel Lewis reached it the 
 enemy were on the north bank, between the 
 residence of Mr. Dubois and where the Lake 
 Shore Railroad bridge now is, ready to dispute 
 the passage. Thej- had a six-pounder, which 
 they commence'd firing diagonally down the 
 river while Lewis and Allen were approaching 
 the present site of the old docks. They moved 
 steadily forward in the face of cannon and 
 blazing musketry, and at a given signal made 
 a furious charge upon the foe with bayonets. 
 Alter a short contest with so much vigor and 
 bravery, the Canadians and Indians of the 
 British army were dislodged and driven in 
 confusion to the forest on the north side of the 
 
PREPARATIONS FOR TFIE BATTLE. 
 
 river. The eiiciiiy then forinod behind fallen 
 timber and brushwood in tiie forest, and a .sharp 
 encounter en.sued. The battle lasted from 
 three o'cloek in the afternoon until dark, the 
 enemy all the time falling back before the brave 
 Kentuekians, who pursued them so heedlessly 
 that in the darkness they fell into an ambush 
 and lost thirteen men killed and several wounded. 
 The exact loss in the afternoon is not known, 
 but was supposed to be as many more. The 
 A rnericans returned to the Raisin, and ocoupied 
 thecampabandonedb}' the enemy. The Indians 
 gathered up the dead, and the allies retreated 
 toward Maiden. Colonels Lewis and Allen 
 took possession of the quarters vacated by the 
 British, and established guards at the picket 
 fences and some distance from the houses in 
 the woods. Colonel Ijewis hastened to inform 
 General Winchester of his success by one of his 
 scouts. 
 
 Immediately after the battle of the iSth, 
 .some of the French inhabitants who had sold 
 provisions to the British followed them, and 
 pursued their journey to Maiden to get their 
 pay. On their return they brought word that 
 the British were collecting in large force to 
 the number of 3,000 to attack Frenchtown. 
 General Winchester paid but little attention to 
 these reports, feeling considerable confidence 
 in hie own strength, and expecting re-enforce- 
 ments which would render him safe be^'oud a 
 doubt before the enemy could possibly- attack 
 him. The British seemed to be aware that 
 they must make the attack before the re-enforce- 
 ments came up, if they wished to effect any- 
 thing ; hence they hastened their preparations. 
 
 On the 19th 200 Americans arrived, under 
 the command of Colonel Wells, and encamped 
 on the Eeaunie farm, about eighty rods east 
 and below the other troops. 
 
 On the 20th General Winchester arrived with 
 Colonel Madi.son, whose forces were stationed 
 in the camp with those of Colonels Lewis and 
 Allen, while General Winchester made his 
 heailquarters in the house of Colonel Francis 
 Navarre, on the opposite side of the river, about 
 three-fourths of a mile above the position of 
 Colonels Lewis and Allen. The site of the 
 headquarters of General Winchester is now 
 occupied as the residence of Doctor A. I. Sawj-er. 
 The American forces at the time amounted to 
 about 1,000 men. 
 
 On the morning of the 21st I'eter Navarre 
 
 and his four brothers (grand.sons of Holjcit 
 I3eNavarre, a French officer who came to 
 America in 1749) went on a scouting expedi- 
 tion on the ice towards the mouth of Detroit 
 Eiver by Winchester's request. They saw on 
 the ice a solitaiy man approaching them on 
 the run. He proved to be Joseph Bordeau, a 
 Frenchman who had escaped from Maiden. 
 
 " My lads, " said he, addressing Petei-, ''■ the 
 Americans will be attacked by the whole British 
 army to-night. I know it, and Colonel Proctor 
 will bo at the Kaisin to-night with a large bod}' 
 of Indians." 
 
 General Winchester was soon apprised of 
 the fact, buta traitorous resident of Frenchtown 
 (who proved to have been in the British interest) 
 by the name of Jocko Lasselle, stood by and 
 asserted in the most postive language that it 
 must be a mistake, and persuaded the General 
 that there was no truth in the story. Winches- 
 ter dismissed the scouts with a laugh, but niaile 
 no preparation to meet the threatened danger. 
 Another scout was in during the afternoon 
 with intelligence confirmator}' of that given by 
 Bordeau. A number of the French residents 
 from the rumors that reached the town also 
 called upon the General and strove to impi'css 
 upon his mind that the American forces would 
 be attacked that night. Yet AVinchester was 
 incredulous, a"nd retired to bed without making 
 anj- efficient arrangements of sentinels or pick- 
 ets to watch the approach of the enemy. 
 
 Late in the evening word was brought to 
 Colonel Lewis's camp that a large force of Bi'it- 
 ish and Indians, with several pieces of artillery, 
 were at Stony Creek, only four miles distant, 
 and would be at Frenchtown before morning. 
 That vigilant officer at once doubled the picket 
 guard and sent word to General Winchester. 
 The commander-in-chief did not believe the 
 report, and composed himself for slumber. 
 Lewis's field officers did believe it and remained 
 up for sometime, but they finally partook of 
 the incredulity of their commander and retired. 
 The small hours of the morning passed in 
 perfect ([uietude, and Colonel Lewis, who had 
 scarcely dared to .slumber, began to doubt the 
 truth of the last rumor, when suddenly just as 
 the reveille was beaten, between four and five 
 o'clock in the morning, the sharp crack of the 
 sentinels' musketry tiring an alarm was heard 
 by still dull ears. These were followed b}' a 
 shower of shell and canister shot, hurled from 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 six field pieces aud mortars, accompanied by a 
 furious charge of almost invisible British i-egu- 
 lars and the terrible yells of savages. The 
 sound and missiles fell upon the startled camp 
 with appalling suddenness. The character and 
 number of the assailants wore unknown; all 
 was darkness and mysterj% and the Americans 
 could do nothing but oppose force to force as 
 gallantly as possible until the approach of dawn. 
 The exposed re-enforcements in the open field 
 had been driven in toward Captain Lewis's 
 picketed camp. 
 
 About daylight on the morning of the 22d of 
 January, 1813, a large force of British and 
 Indians, under Colonel Proctor and the celebra- 
 ted Indian chiefs Round-Head and Split-Log, 
 attacked the camp of the Americans. The at- 
 tack was made all along the lines, but the British 
 forces were more particularly led against the 
 upper camp occupied by Major Madison and 
 Colonels Lewis and Allen, and the Indians 
 against the lower camp occupied by Colonel 
 Wells. The British were unsuccessful at their 
 part of the line where the Americans fought 
 with great bravery and were protected to some 
 extent by pickets, which being placed some 
 distance from the woods afforded the Kentucky 
 riflemen a fine opj)ortunity to shoot the enemy 
 down as they were advancing. An attempt 
 was tlien made by the British to use a field 
 piece just at the edge of the woods, by which 
 they hoped to prostrate the pickets and batter 
 down the houses ; but the Kentuckians with 
 their sharpshooters picked the men off as fast 
 as they attempted to load it, so that they were 
 forced to abandon the attack aud suffer a re- 
 pulse. 
 
 While those things were happening at the 
 ujjper camp, a very different state of things 
 existed at the lower one. The attack of the 
 Indians was so impetuous, the position so in- 
 defensible, and the American force at that point 
 so inadequate (consisting of only 200 men) that 
 notwithstanding the bravery and courage of 
 Colonel Wells and his men, it was impossible 
 to hold the position. Colonels Lewis and Allen 
 attempted to take a re-enforcement to the right 
 wing to enable Colonel Wells to retreat up the 
 river on the ice under cover of the high bank 
 to the upper camp, but before they arrived with 
 their re-enfoi-cements at the lower camp, the 
 fire of the savages had become so galling that 
 Colonel Wells was forced to abandon his posi- 
 
 tion. This he attempted to do in good order, 
 but as soon as his men began to give way, the 
 Indians redoubled their unearthly yells and 
 the impetuosity of their attack, so that the re- 
 treat speedily became a rout. In this condition 
 they were met by Colonel Allen, who made 
 every effort in his power to call them to order 
 aud lead them into safety in the upper camp; 
 but notwithstanding the heroic efforts of Colonel 
 Allen and his earnest protestations and com- 
 mand.s, they continued their disorderly flight, 
 and from some unexplained and unaccountable 
 reason, but probably on account of an irretriev- 
 able panic caused by the terrible cries and war- 
 whoops of the savages, instead of continuing 
 up the river to the upper camp, they fled diag- 
 onally across the river, up to the Hull road 
 (so called) which led to Maumee, aud attempted 
 to escape to Ohio. 
 
 Then the flight became a carnage. The In- 
 dians, seeing the disorder of the Americans, 
 who thought of nothing save running for their 
 lives and escaping the tomahawks of the sav- 
 ages, having warriors jjosted all along the woods 
 which lined or were within a short distance of 
 the river, now raised theory that the Americans 
 were flying, which cry was echoed b}- thousands 
 of warriors, who all rushed to the spotand out- 
 sti'ipped the fleeing soldiers. Sonie followed 
 them closely in their tracks and brained them 
 with their tomahawks from behind ; some posted 
 themselves on both sides of the narrow road 
 and shot them down as they were passing; 
 finally some of the savages got in advance and 
 headed them off at Plumb Creek, a small stream 
 about a mile from the Eiver Haisin. Here the 
 panic-stricken soldie-rs, who had thrown away 
 most of their arms to facilitate their flight, hud- 
 dled together like sheep, with the bi'utal foe on 
 all sides, were slaughtered ; and so closely were 
 they hemmed in that after the battle forty dead 
 bodies were found lying scalped and plundered 
 in a space two rods square. The savages tore 
 the scalps from their heads and carried them in 
 triumph to Maiden to receive the prizes prom- 
 ised by the British Government. 
 
 While tiiese bloody scenes were in progress 
 on the south side of the Raisin, the remainder 
 of the trooj)s under Graves and Madison w^ei-e 
 manfully defending themselves in their camp. 
 The British had planted a howitzer within 200 
 yards of the camp, behind a small bouse on the 
 road to Detroit, but it was soon silenced by 
 
THE MASSACRE AT THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 59 
 
 the Keiitiu'ky sharpshooters behind the stout 
 pickets. The conflict was maintained until 
 about ten o'clock, when Proctor withdrew his 
 troops to the woods witli the intention of eittier 
 abandoning the conflict or awaiting the return 
 (if the savages from the feast of blood beyond 
 tlic Kaisin. Navarre and his brothers had 
 taken possession of an old horse-mill a short 
 distance from the camp, where they continued 
 to do good service with their rifles duriug the 
 engagement. After the withdi-awal of Proctor's 
 troops, the Americans quietly breakfasted, and 
 while eating, a white flag was seen aj>proach- 
 ing. Major Madison, supposing it was a flag 
 of truce to enable the British to bur3- their 
 dead, went out to meet it, when to his aston- 
 ishment and mortification he found it borne 
 by one of Winchester's staff, accompanied by 
 Proctor, with an order from Winchester for 
 the unconditional surrender of all the troops 
 as prisoners of war. The gallant Madison re- 
 fused to obej- the order for surrender. Win- 
 chester then went to Madison in charge of 
 an Indian and told him that his own life and 
 the safety of the army depended upon his 
 prompt and unconditional surrender. Madison 
 again declined, but finally agreed to sun-ender 
 upon the condition that all private property 
 should be respected ; that sleds should be pro- 
 vided next morning to remove the sick and 
 wounded to Maiden; that iti the meantime 
 they should be protected by a guard ; and that 
 their side-arms should be restored to them 
 on their arrival at Maiden, to which Colonel 
 Proctor agreed. Madison trusted to his prom- 
 ises, but the word had scarcely been passed to 
 the foe, before the Indians began plundering. 
 Proctor forfeited his word, abandoned the 
 wounded prisoners, and left them to be mur- 
 dered by the bloody savages. 
 
 (ieneral Winchester, impressed with the be- 
 lief that an attack would not be made, had re- 
 tired the night before without having made 
 any arrangements for safety or dispatch in 
 case of an attack. Colonel Francis Navarre 
 from the bottom of the stairs, with his sten- 
 torian voice aroused General Winchester and 
 his aids, urging them to make all possible 
 haste, as the enemj- were upon them, for the 
 firing was distinctlj- heard. The General and 
 bis aids were greatlj* confused by being thus 
 awakened from a sound sleep, all clamoring 
 for their horses, which were in Colonel Na- 
 
 varre's stable, and the servants scarcely awake 
 enough to realize their situation or equip them 
 with dispatch. The luckless commander be- 
 came very impatient to join his forces, three- 
 quarters of a mile distant, and to gratify his 
 desire, Colonel Navarre offered his best and 
 fleetest horse, which had been kept saddled all 
 night, as Navarre, in common with the French 
 inhabitants, expected an attack before morn- 
 ing. On this horse ho started for the camp, 
 but on the way finding that a large number of 
 his troops were then fleeing on the Hull road, he 
 followed after them to rally them and if possi- 
 ble to regain the day. On his way he was 
 taken prisoner by an Indian said to have been 
 Jack Brandj-, who knew by his clothing that 
 he was an officer and therefore spared his life, 
 but stripped him of his clothes and nearly 
 frozen brought him to Colonel Proctor. Colonel 
 Proctor persuaded the Indian to deliver the 
 General into his hands. 
 
 With General Winchester as his prisoner. 
 Colonel Proctor felt that he could dictate terms 
 to that portion of the troops under command 
 of Major Madison in the upper camp, who 
 had thus far made a successful resistance. 
 
 Colonel Allen was also taken prisoner about 
 the same time. He had behaved with extra- 
 ordinary courage during the whole action in 
 striving to rally his men, although wounded in 
 the thigh. He was finally killed by an Indian 
 while held a prisoner. 
 
 On the morning of the 23d of January, 1813, 
 the General and prisoners started for Maiden, 
 not, however, until the Indians had violated 
 the first article of the agreement, by plunder- 
 ing the settlement. But finally all departed 
 except the sick and wounded American sol- 
 diers, who were left in the two houses of the 
 upper camp to await tlie coming of the sleds on 
 the morrow. Only two or three British sol- 
 diers were left in charge of them, a neglect 
 which was shameful and criminal on the part 
 of Proctor. The last and most disgraceful 
 scene in this bloodj' tragedj' was yet to bo en- 
 acted. The sleds that were to take the ill- 
 fated sufferers to Maiden never came. In their 
 stead came the next morning three hundred 
 Indians painted black and red, determined on 
 massacring the wounded American prisoners 
 in revenge for the loss the day before. The 
 slaughter soon commenced in earnest. Break- 
 in<; into the houses wliere the .\mericans wei-e. 
 
no 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 they flr«t ]iluiuk'rod and then tonialiawked 
 them. The houses were set on fire, and those 
 within wci-c consumed; if any attempted to 
 orawl out of the doors or windows, they were 
 wounded with the tomahawks and pushed 
 back with bayonets into the flames ; those that 
 happened to be outside were stricken down, 
 and their bleeding and dying bodies were 
 thrown into the burning dwellings. Major 
 Woolfolk, the secretary of Genenil Winchester, 
 was killed in the massacre. 
 
 Thus perished in cold blood many of Ken- 
 tucky's noblest heroes. Their death filled with 
 sorrow many homes south of the Ohio. But 
 little is known of the jjrivate history of those 
 brave spirits who traversed a wilderness of 
 several hundred miles and gave up their lives 
 for their country — who died, alone, wounded, 
 and unprotected, in a settlement far from the 
 abode of civilization. Their memory should 
 be preserved so long as the massacre of the 
 iliver Eaisin is remembered among men. 
 
 Never should Americans forget the heartless 
 and diabolical pjliey adopted by England in 
 enlisting in lier cause the reckless animosity of 
 the aborigines, without restraining their ruth- 
 less spirit. Colonel Proctor richly deserves 
 the lasting condemnation of history for leaving 
 his wounded prisoners to the mercy of infuri- 
 ated and intoxicated savages. 
 
 But few of the killed were ever buried; their 
 bones lay bleaching in the sun for years. Five 
 years after, on July 4, 1818, a company of men 
 under the charge of Colonel John Anderson, of 
 Monroe, went to the battle grounds and col- 
 lected a large quantity of the bones and skulls 
 (it was noticed that all the skulls showed 
 marks of the tomahawk), and they were buried 
 with appropriate ceremonies in the old grave- 
 yard on the west side of Monroe street, between 
 I'^ront street and First street, in the now city of 
 Monroe. Two years after, however, itwas not 
 uncommon to find a skull fractured by the 
 fiital tomahawk, hidden away in some clump 
 of bushes, where the dogs and wild beasts had 
 di'agged the bodies to devour their flesh. 
 
 The collection of the bones of the massacred 
 Kentuckians which occurred July 4, 1818, was 
 ill compliance with measures taken by a public- 
 s])iriled meeting at which (Jeneral Lewis Cass 
 presided, held in Detroit the 22d of June, at 
 which time a committee was appointed for the 
 purpose. On the 8th "of August, 1818, the re- 
 
 mains were exhumed, and under the escort of 
 the committee were removed to Deti'oit and 
 buried in the Protestant burying ground, with 
 military honors, and accompanied by a large 
 concourse of citizens to their new resting-place. 
 
 Early in 1834 the boxes containing the re- 
 mains were removed to thecity cemeteryouClin- 
 ton street, in the city of Detroit, and in Se])tein- 
 ber, 1834, they were again removed b3' Colonel 
 Brooks, who carried them, with other skulls 
 and bones collected in Monroe, to Frankfort, 
 Kentucky, where thej^ were received by an 
 immense concourse of Kentuckians, and the 
 venerated remains were deposited with appro- 
 priate ceremonies in the State Cemetery of 
 Kentucky. The inscription on the boxes con- 
 taining the remains was, "Kentucky's (lallant 
 Dead, January 18, 1813, Kiver Raisin, Michi- 
 gan." 
 
 It is a well-attested fact that early on the 
 morning after the surrender a council was held 
 by the Indian chiefs, when it was determined 
 to kill, tomahawk and scalp, in revenge for 
 their losses, all prisoners who were unable to 
 march; that Colonel Proctor, after providing 
 for the removal of the wounded of his own 
 army to Maiden, did not in accordance with 
 his positive assurances provide (with few ex- 
 ceptions) for the removal of prisoners captured ; 
 that the prisoners were marched through snow- 
 nearly two feet in depth, and as fast as their 
 strength gave out were tomahawked by the 
 Indians. At Sandy Creek, three miles north 
 of the River Raisin, the British army encamped 
 the first night, and a large number of bodies of 
 the captives were found tomahawked and 
 without scalps. Quite a number of those that 
 were able to walk were taken by the Indians 
 to Detroit ; those that gave out were toma- 
 hawked, their scalps taken, and left to die ; 
 while many that endured the march were 
 hawked about the streets of Detroit, and sold 
 or ransomed at prices varying from SIO to 
 $100 — for any price that exceeded the value of 
 a scalp. Indians, for weeks after the massacre, 
 came into Detroit with prisoners, from whom 
 they were in many instances ransomed l)y 
 citizens of Detroit. 
 
 Medard Couture, the father of Samuel Cou- 
 ture, now of California, and son of Mrs. James 
 Knaggs, formerly Mrs. Couture, is well re- 
 membered by many of our residents, and died at 
 Monroe. He, with Doctors Bower and Hunter, 
 
DR. liOWERS ACCOUNT OK THE MASSACRK. 
 
 01 
 
 l)a<l cimryc of tlio liospitsil, a liou.sc near by, 
 liolonging to John Jeromo, in which were 
 forty-five wounded, among others Major Mad- 
 ison and Captain Hart, a brother of Mrs. 
 Henry Cla}'. The building was fired, and 
 Couture and Doctor Bower were stripped and 
 tied by a band of Chippowas, and stood near 
 the blazing ruins in momentary expectation of 
 death. An old Ottawa cliief by tlie name of 
 Wau-gon, who had been a friend of Couture 
 before the war, was reeling with drunkenness 
 in the road near by. Couture beckoned to 
 liim; he came to him, recognized him and com- 
 prehending the horrors of his condition, ])ut 
 his fingers to his mouth and gave a shrill 
 whistle. Immediately several Indians came 
 running to the spot. 
 
 " Take care of him," .said Wnu-gon, jjointiiig 
 to Couture, " lie is m\' son ; his fatiier lies dead 
 in the yard and I am now his father. Don't 
 harm him.'' He gave Couture the name of 
 Sa-gus na, which signifies "Be Brave." 
 
 Couture, understanding that he was now 
 safe, interceded successfully with his Indian 
 father for the life of Doctor Bower. He was 
 taken to Detroit and afterwards Couture saw 
 him on their march to the Thames. Doctor 
 Bower, who was surgeon's mate of the Kifth 
 Kentucky Regiment, gives the following ac- 
 count of the murderous scene : 
 
 " Yours of the 5th instant, requesting mo to 
 give j'ou a statement respecting the late dis- 
 aster at Frenchtown, was duly received. Rest 
 assured, sir, that it is with sensations the most 
 unpleasant that I undertake to recount the in- 
 famous and barbarous conduct of the British 
 and Indians after the battle of the 22d of Jan- 
 uary. The blood runs cold in my veins when 
 [ think of it. 
 
 •'On the morning of tiie ^od, shortly after 
 light, six or eight Indians came to the house of 
 Jean Baptiste Jereaume, where I was, in com- 
 pany- with Major Graves, Captains Hart and 
 Hickman, Doctor Todd, and fifteen or twenty- 
 volunteers, belonging to different corps. They 
 did not molest any person or tiling on their 
 fir.st approach, hut kept .sauntering about until 
 there was a large number collected (say one 
 or two hundred), at which time thej' com- 
 menced plundering the houses of the inhabit- 
 ants, and the massacre of the wounded prison- 
 ers. I was one amongst the first that was 
 taken prisoner, and was taken to a horse about 
 
 twenty paces from the, house, after being clj- 
 vested of part of my clothing, and commanded 
 by signs there to remain for further oi-ders. 
 Shortljf after being there, I saw them knock 
 down Captain Hickman at the door, together 
 with several others with whom I was not ac- 
 quainted. Supposing a general massacre had 
 commenced, I made an effort to get to a house 
 about one hundred yards distant, whicii con- 
 tained a numberof wounded, but on mj- reaching 
 the house, to my great mortification, found it 
 surrounded by Indians, which precluded the 
 possibility- of my giving notice to the unfortu- 
 nate victims of savage barbaritj-.. An Indian 
 chief of the Tawa tribe of the name of McCarty, 
 gave tne possession of his horse and blanket, tell- 
 ing me by signs to load the horse to the house 
 which I had just before left. The Indian tliat 
 first took me, by this time came up, and man- 
 ifested a hostile disposition towards me, by 
 raising his tomahawk as if to give me the fatal 
 blow, which was prevented by my ver^- good 
 friend McCarty. On m3' reaching the house 
 which I had first started from, I saw the In- 
 dians take off several prisoners, which I after- 
 wards saw in the road, in a most mangled con- 
 dition, and entirely stripped of their clothing. 
 " Me.ssrs.Bradford,Searls,Turnerand Blythe, 
 were collected round a carryall, which con- 
 tained articles taken by the Indians from the 
 citizens. We had all been placed there, by 
 our respective captors, except Blythe, who 
 came where we were entreating an Indian to 
 convey him to Maiden, promising to give him 
 forty or fifty dollars, and w^hilst in the act of 
 pleading for mercy, an Indian more savage 
 than the other, stepped up behind, tomahawked, 
 stripped and scalped him. The next that at- 
 tracted my attention was the houses on fire 
 that contained several wounded, whom I knew 
 were not able to get out. After the houses 
 were nearly consumed, we received marching 
 orders, and after arriving at Sandy Creek, the 
 Indians called a halt and commenced cooking; 
 after preparing and eating a little sweetened 
 gruel, Messrs. Bradford, Searls, Turner and 
 mj^self received some, and were eating, wlien 
 an Indian came up and propose<l exchanging 
 his moccasins for Mr. Searl's shoes, which he 
 readily complied with. They then exchanged 
 hats, after which the Indian inquired how 
 many men Harrison had with him, and, at the 
 same time, calling Searls a Washington or 
 
62 
 
 ITISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Madison, then raised his tomahawk and struck 
 him on the shoulder, which cut into the cavity 
 of the bod}-. Searls then caught hold of the 
 tomahawk and appeared to resist, and upon 
 my telling him his fate was inevitable, he 
 closed his eyes and received the savage blow 
 which terminated his existence. I was nenr 
 enough to him to receive the brains and blood, 
 after the fatal blow, on ray blanket. A short 
 time after the death of Searls, I saw three 
 others share a similar fate. We then set out 
 for Brownstown, which place we reached about 
 12 or 1 o'clock at night. After being exposed 
 to several hours' incessant rain in reaching that 
 place, we were put into the Council-house, the 
 floor of which was partly covered with water, 
 at which place we remained until next morn- 
 ing, when we again received marching orders 
 for their village on the Eiver Eouge, which 
 place we made that day, where I was kept six 
 days, then taken to Detroit and sold. For a 
 more detailed account of the proceedings, I 
 take the liberty of referring you to a publica- 
 tion which appei.red in the public prints, signed 
 by Ensign J. L. Baker, and to the publication 
 of Judge Woodward, both of which I have 
 particularly examined, and find them to be 
 literally correct, so far as came under my 
 notice." 
 
 The fate of Captain Hart was a very sad one. 
 He had been wounded, and when tlie Indians 
 came up to the hospital he offered a friendly 
 Pottawatomie chief by the name of Os-a-med 
 $100 if be would conduct him safely to Maiden. 
 The chief attempted the service, threw his 
 blanket over the captain, lifted him upon his 
 ponj' and started for Detroit. They had pro- 
 ceeded but a shoi't distance before Captain Hart 
 fell from his saddle with a bullet in his brain, 
 fired by a Chippewa. This Indian stripped 
 him and scalped him, leaving his body a prey 
 to the wolves. In the night, after the Indians 
 had departed. Couture, with the iielp of a set- 
 tler by the name of Chovin, buried the bodj^ 
 oC Captain Hart in a hollow made by the roots 
 of a fallen tree, first covering it with bark. 
 
 As some controversy subsequentlj' arose as 
 to the manner and time of Captain Hart's 
 massacre, I here add the statement of .Judge 
 Laurent Durocher, a member of our territorial 
 Legislature, for many years a Judge of Probate 
 for the county of Monroe, and his statements 
 ai-e regarded reliable by many of our citizens 
 
 now living. I also add the statement of P. 
 Lecuyer to Major Charles Lamed, of Detroit, 
 less than two months after the massacre, to- 
 gether with the letter of the Hon. Daniel S. 
 Bacon, addressed to the Hon. E. McClelland. 
 
 The following is Judge Duroeher's narrative 
 of Captain Hart's massacre ; 
 
 "In the action of January 22, 1813, Captain 
 Hart received a wound in one of his ankles. 
 He was taken prisoner by a Pottawatomie In- 
 dian about the same time that General Win- 
 chester was taken in the attempt to rally the 
 flying soldiers, and near the place where the 
 general was captured. After Captain Hart 
 was murdered, the Indian who took him captive 
 declared that he intended to have saved his 
 life. When the captain was taken, his captor 
 Tnade him remain on the horse he had been 
 riding, and led the animal, with his rider upon 
 him, toward the battleground. He then made 
 signs to Captain Hart lo follow him up the 
 Eiver Eaisin, to get out of the way of the other 
 Indians. On their way up the river, about 
 100 rods west from the battle ground, the In- 
 dian stopped at the house of Antoine Campeau 
 and made signs to Captain Hart to proceed, 
 which he accordinglj- did. On arriving in 
 front of Francis Lasselle's house, which was 
 about forty rods up the river from Campeau's, 
 he stopped the horse in the road and hailed ; 
 and when Lasselle partially opened the front 
 door, Captain Hart earnestly entreated that he 
 would save him from the hands of the Indians. 
 Lasselle answered sorrowfully that it was out 
 of his power to save him; that in the morning, 
 at the beginning of the action, several Indians, 
 mostly Wyandots, had come into the yard back 
 of his (Lasselle's) house, and asked who were 
 within, particularly inquiring if any Ameri- 
 cans were there ; and on being answered by 
 Lasselle from an upper window that there 
 were no Americans there, and no one at all ex- 
 cept women and children, the Indians had 
 warned him not to suffer any one to come in, 
 and to keep his doors and window shuttei-s 
 closely shut, for it an American were found in 
 his house every one in it should be killed and 
 all the buildings should be destroyed. 
 
 "As the road appeared clear of Indians, Mr. 
 Lasselle thought the best and only way for Cap- 
 tain Hart would be to proceed with his captor 
 to his brother, James Lasselle, whose influence 
 with the Indians would save him, and said 
 
PFATH OF CAPTAIN HART. 
 
 fi.S 
 
 ttiiit he himself would aocomjinnv the ea]itivin 
 but for the apprehension that, in his absence, 
 some Indians migiit come into his house and 
 commit acts of pillage and cruelty or murder. 
 During this conversation tiie Indian already 
 mentioned had overtaken Captain Hart, and 
 Francis Lassclle spoke to him and entreated 
 him in the mo.st earnest manner to take good 
 care of the captain, to which he signitied his 
 willingness. 
 
 •'Captain Hart in despair followed the In 
 dian. Unfortunately, in the next house (which 
 was about fifteen rods distant from the dwel- 
 ling of Lasselle) were five Delaware Indians, 
 who had entered it seeking for plunder, and 
 had found some whiskj- and become intoxi- 
 cated. This Lasselle did not know. As the 
 Indian and Captain Hart came in front of his 
 house, the Indians within the house called to 
 the one in the road to come in. He went to 
 the gate, leading the horse on which Captain 
 Hart was. tied the halter to the gate-po.st, and 
 went in. One of the Indians from within, 
 standing at the door, leveled his rifle at Cap- 
 tain Hart and shot him in the breast. An- 
 other ran and scalped him and tomahawked 
 him and left the body stretcheo in the road 
 almost naked. Then the Indian who had cap- 
 tured Captain Hart, feeling very much grieved 
 at the outrage, threatened to avenge his 
 death; and would have killed the one who sliot 
 the captain, had it not been for the interfei-ence 
 of the others, who prevented him. 
 
 " As the Indians had threatened and warned 
 the inhabitants that the}- should not remove the 
 bodies of Americans h'ing exposed in the roads 
 or elsewhere, the body of Captain Hart remain- 
 ed on the same spot until in the night, when 
 one Joseph Euland (who occupied the house), 
 with some others, took it and placed it in a 
 potato hole from which the potatoes had \>vvn 
 pi-ovio»sly taken out, and covered it up well 
 until the next night. The next day Messrs. 
 Chovin, Campeau and St. Cosrae dug a grave 
 in a thicket back of a field, on Kobert Navarro's 
 tiirm, and under the protection of the darkness 
 of the night, wrapped up the body in a jiiccc of 
 carpet and buried it there. 
 
 "Mr. St. Cosme has informed Judge Bacon, 
 of Monroe, that he was in the road and saw 
 Captain Hart shot ; that he fell from his horse 
 iDStanti)' on being shot and died without a 
 groan. Some years after, at the i-ci|ucst of a 
 
 friend from LoxingtoTi then at Monroe for the 
 purpose, the grave was opened and the lower 
 jaw taken out, and the visitor carried it awaj- 
 with him." 
 
 Detroit, 9th .March, 1818. 
 Major Charles Lamed — 
 
 Dear Sik : My best endeavors to procure 
 from Lasselle or others, honorarj' notes of the 
 circumstances attending the death of Captain 
 Hart, were in vain ; they promised, but their 
 neglect to perform compelled me to leave Ilivor 
 Raisin without them. However, the following 
 is the substance of the historj- they gave of it 
 as far as I can recollect. 
 
 Yours very sincerely, 
 
 P. Lecuyer. 
 
 Captain Hart in the action of the 22d January, 
 1813, received a wound in his leg or ankle 
 (thej- disagree), and among other wounded 
 took refuge in Jerome's house. Whether before 
 or after the general mas.sacre (1 did not learn 
 or do not recollect) he chanced to fall in the 
 hands of a Pottawatomie Indian who considered 
 him his prisoner, and, as is reported, intended 
 to take him to Maiden; at all events, from the 
 mild treatment Captain Hart received from 
 this Indian, no doubt is entertained of his in- 
 tention to save him. He caused Captain Hart 
 to mount his own (Captain Hart's) horse, and, 
 if I remember well, gave him his saddle bags, 
 then beckoned the Captain to follow him up 
 the river. When they arrived op)K)site old 
 Campeau's the Indian stopped, and as ho was 
 going into the house, made signs to Captain 
 Hart to proceed, which he did until he arrived 
 opposite Mr. Lasselle's, and finding him within 
 call, he most earnestly entreated him to rescue 
 him from the barbarous hands of the savages; 
 to which Mr. Lasselle griovingl}- assured him 
 " that it was not in his power to save him ; that, 
 since the morning, five of the Delaware Indians 
 had taken possession of his house and were 
 constantly offering him insults and threatening 
 to burn up his property, and in fact were using 
 every means to find an apparently plausible 
 cause to begin their hellish deeds; and should 
 he attempt to shelter him, he (Captain Hart) 
 not only would be exposed to more danger and 
 undoubtedly the first victim, but afford a ])r('- 
 text to these savages to destroy lives and \n-o]>- 
 erty indiscriminately ; that, as itthen appeared, 
 the road being clear of Indians, the best and 
 
04 
 
 HISTORY C'V MDNKOK COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Diily way iiir him would be for liim to proceed 
 1,0 his brother James, whose influenee with the 
 Indians, he had no doubt, would save him, and 
 he would follow him thither if it was in his 
 power to get rid of the Indians." 
 
 Captain Hart, then, with the deepest anguish 
 and despair depicted in his face, turned away 
 his head and rode on. Most unfortunately the 
 next house above Lasselle's was full of Indians, 
 the greatest part of whom wei'e intoxicated, 
 which circumstance, Lasselle says, he then 
 w-as totally ignorant of; and as soon as Captain 
 Hart came in sight of them, one leveled his 
 rifle at him and shot him through the breast ; 
 another ran, scalped him and sunk the head of 
 his tomahawk into the back of his skull, as 
 the iiole, yet to be seen through that part, fully 
 proves. 
 
 As the Indians had positively declared that 
 whoever should dare to touch one of the bodies 
 of these American dogs should share the same 
 fate. Captain Hart's body, consequently, re- 
 mained on the same spot nearly two days ; and 
 at last, Messrs. Lacroix and Lasselle's humane 
 feelings prevailing over all apprehensions of 
 the consequences, they resolved to pay to his 
 remains (as they expressed themselves) the last 
 ti-ibute of their respect due his memory, and, 
 after having in daytime reconnoitered a suit- 
 able place for the purpose, they, aided by an 
 old man named Chovin, under the protection 
 of thu darkness of night, went and de|)osited 
 his remains in a grave. 
 
 Monroe, 3Iarch 29th, 1858. 
 Hon. Jf. McClelland — 
 
 Dear Sir: The accomj)anying statement of 
 our friend Dui'ocher I had intended giving to 
 yon personally and to have made some explana- 
 tion, that you might not err in glutting it in 
 form. 
 
 Lest I might not see you on my way east, I 
 enclose the ])a):)erwith the request of the Judge, 
 to which I add my own, that it be prepared for 
 publication. 
 
 I will add that St. Cosine has informed me 
 that he was in the road and near Captiin Hart 
 when shot; tiiat he fell from hishoi-se instantly 
 on being shot without a word or a groan. 
 
 He says further, that some years after, at the 
 request of some Lexington friend, then here 
 tor the ])ur|)osi', the grave was 0])ened and the 
 
 iinder jaw taken by said friend. 1 hav(^ the 
 promise of our friend that he will commence a 
 history of the settlement of this county. 
 Eespectfully Yours, 
 
 i). 8. Bacon. 
 
 Jack Brady (before mentioned) also ca])turcd 
 Whitemorc Knaggs, the old Pottawatomie 
 agent, and father of George and James Knaggs, 
 of the Raisin valley. Some time before the 
 war Knaggs had caused Jack to be flogged for 
 some offense, and now supposed as a matter of 
 course he would be slain, but Jack re-assured 
 him with promises of safety. Before they ar- 
 rived at the camp they were met by a band <if 
 Pottawatomies who with upraised tomahawks 
 rushed toward Knaggs. Jack stepped between 
 them and his prisoner, told them they must 
 kill him before they killed Knaggs, and saved 
 him from massacre. 
 
 This same Jack Brady, a few days l)efbre 
 the massacre of the Eaisin, in conversation 
 with Harry Hunt, of Detroit, said that if oc- 
 casion ever offered he would be kind to the 
 Yankees and bring anj' that might fall into his 
 hands to Detroit without injury. This promise 
 he so far fulfilled as to drag from the buildings 
 at the time of the massacre, a large Keiituckian 
 by the name of John Green, who had been 
 wounded in the engagement. Wrapj)ing him 
 carefully in his blanket he laid him in the bot- 
 tom of his carryall and started on a trot for De- 
 troit. The next morning Hunt saw Jack drive 
 up in front of the town, and with one or two 
 friends went out to see him. 
 
 " Well, Jack," he enquired, "have you brought 
 us some venison to-day?" 
 
 "Yes, Harry Hunt," replied the Indian, 
 throwing his blanket off the captive, "good 
 Yankee venison." 
 
 "There, Harrj' Hunt," he continued, as soon 
 as discovered that the prisoner was one of the 
 Raisin captives, " 1 told j'ou. Jack Brady can- 
 not lie." 
 
 Mr. Hunt pui-cha.sed the liberty of Green, 
 took him to his house and afterwards restored 
 him to his friends, who supposed he was slain. 
 Soon after he enlisted under Harrison to avenge 
 the death of his comrades. 
 
 On the retreat of the Indians from the en- 
 gagen\ent of the 18th, some of them entered 
 
AFI"! DAVITS CUNCKRNIN*; TIIK MASSACKK. 
 
 65 
 
 the caltiii of At'luiii liiiln). an old Freiicliinaii 
 living upon Sandy Creek. They killed Labo 
 and hisson-in-law, Jolin Soleau. Two children, 
 Alexis and Genevieve, crept between the beds, 
 where they remained all night without dis- 
 cover}', and by running barefooted the next 
 day a mile or more over frozen ground, escaped 
 with their lives. 
 
 The lives of the French inhabitants, in con- 
 .sidcralion of former kindnc.'*.'* to the Indians, 
 were generalh' spared, and they exerted them- 
 selves in behalf of the suffering captives and 
 saved some from untimely graves. After the 
 battle of the 22d the Indians came into the 
 house of Colonel Francis Navarro, and accord- 
 ing to statements of Mrs. Navarre piled up the 
 bloody scalps they had just cut from the heads 
 of these brave Iventuckiaiis, upon her table 
 against the wall, making a high heap, of which 
 she could not reach the top. This incident 
 was confirmed by the statement of the nephew 
 of Colonel Xavarre, who at the time of the 
 battle of the Raisin was j-oung. He had taken 
 refuge with others in the house of his uncle, 
 and was an eye witness of many of the bloody 
 scenes of the battle, and said he did not feel 
 frightened until he saw the burning buildings 
 on the morning of the 22d ; then he feared their 
 turn might come next. 
 
 The following incident will show how the 
 Indians were paid by the British for their hor- 
 rid work at the battle of the IJaisin. Squa-ga- 
 na-ba,an ohl chief of the Olta was, died in 1868, 
 ami a medal was found banging on his neck 
 which he had worn fift^'-four years, and which 
 was presented tohim in 1814 by the British Gov- 
 ernment for the part be had taken in killing 
 and scalping the Americans at the River Raisin 
 massacre. 
 
 On the 2d of February, ISIIJ, one of the 
 United States Judges, Augustus B.Woodward, 
 of Detroit, wrote to General Proctor, the Brit- 
 ish commander, stating the barbarities of which 
 the Indians bad been guilty after the battle 
 and capitulation of the Raisin. He charges 
 that the American prisoners were tomahawked 
 by the savages, some of them shot, .some burned, 
 and that the buildings of many of the settlers 
 had been destroyed by fire. General Proctor 
 i-cijuested him to substantiate his statements 
 by proofs, and Judge Woodward presented for 
 his consiileration the fbllowini; aftidavils: 
 
 TeUUITORV ok .MlCMIliAN, I 
 
 District of Detroit, \ '^^' 
 
 Personallj- appeared before mc, the uii<lcr- 
 signed, one of the Justices of the Peace in the 
 District of Detroit, Joseph JJobert, an inhabit- 
 ant on tlie River Aux Haisins, who being dulj- 
 sworn on the Holy Evangelists, deposes and 
 says that on the next da}^ after the battle on 
 the River Raisin, a short time after sunrise, he 
 saw the Indians kill the American prisoners 
 with their tomahawks, and they also shot sev- 
 eral ; that the Indians set the houses in which 
 the prisoners were on fire, and that in going 
 out the prisoners were massacred as aforesaid, 
 i.e., three men shot — the others were killed 
 in their houses and burned with them The 
 Indians burned first the house of Jean Ba))tist(^ 
 Jereaunie, and afterwards that of Gabriel (lod- 
 froy, jr. The deponent has been informed that 
 there were about fifty prisoners in the two 
 houses. The deponent has seen dead bodies on 
 the Iiighwaj- which the hogs were tearing and 
 eating. He also says that Baptiste Couture 
 (father of Medard Couture) was killed near 
 deponent's house on the day of the second bat- 
 tle, a little after sunrise. The Indians have 
 often threatened to burn deponent's house and 
 barn if he did not march against the Ameri- 
 cans. .FOSEPH HoliEIlT. 
 
 Sworn an<l subscribed before mc the 4th of 
 February, IKK!. Peter Aiorian, 
 
 Justice, of the Peace. 
 
 Territory of MininiAN, / 
 District of Detroit, \ ^''' 
 
 Per.sonally appeared before me, the undei'- 
 signcd, one of the Justices of the Peace in the 
 District of Detroit, Antoine Boulard, of the 
 River Aux Raisins, who, being duly sworn on 
 the Holy Evangelists, deposes and says that on 
 the next day after the last battle on the River 
 Aux Raisins, he saw the Indians kill the Secre- 
 tary of the American Genei-al, who was on tlie 
 horse of the Indian who had taken him jii'is- 
 oner. He fell on one sitle and an Indian came 
 up and finished him with a sabre, scalped him 
 and carried away his clothes. The bod}- i-e- 
 niained two days on the highway before the 
 door of the deponent, and was |)artl}' eaten up 
 b}' the hogs. Afterward the deponent, to- 
 gether with Francois Lasselle, Hubert Lacroix, 
 Charles Chovin and liouis Lajoj', took up the 
 remains at ilusk and carried them into a Held 
 
6fi 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROK COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 near the woods wlierc the liogs diil not ii;o. 
 They dare not bury them for fear of bein<i; sur- 
 prised by the Indians, bis ,, .,.^ 
 ' ■ Antoine X Boi'LAUP. 
 
 mark 
 
 Sworn and snbscrilK'd in my ])reNcnce liiis 
 5tii (hiy of Feln-nary, ISKi. 
 
 UKTRorr, February 5, ISII!. 
 I cerlity tliat the bodies of the Americans 
 killed al the battle of La Riviere Aux Kaisins 
 on the 2i'd of January last remained unburiod, 
 and thai I have seen hogs and dogs eating 
 I hem, who seemed to be rendered mad by so 
 |ii-oinse a diet of Christian flesh. The inhabit- 
 anis did nol dai'e to hury the dead on aeeoiint 
 of ilu' Indians. 'I'he Kreneh inhabitants have 
 been threalenod by the Indians if they did not 
 take up arms and march against the Ameri- 
 <aiis. .\ i.EXis L.MiAniK. 
 
 Tekuitorv of Miciik.an, [ 
 Coiiniy of Monroe, \ 
 
 Be it remembered, that personally appeared 
 before me, .James J. Godfro}-, a Justice of the 
 Peace in and for .-;aid county of Monroe, in said 
 Territory, Francis Gaudon, who, being duly 
 sworn, deposelh and says that at the commence- 
 ment of the last war with Groat Britain he 
 lived at Sandy Creek, about three miles from 
 Kivcr Kaisin. on the road leading fi'oni said 
 river to Detroit, and tliat on the 21st or 22d 
 day of August, 1S13, or one or two daj's alter 
 the burning of the stockade and bloek-hou.'se 
 and the iilundoriiig and destruction of Colonel 
 .lohn .\nderson's property, four chiefs, two 
 Ottawas and two Dclawares, came to my house 
 and told me that they were going to the River 
 K'aisin to cut oft' the two hands and pull out 
 the tongue of said Anderson, so that he could 
 not write or talk to the Big Knives (a name 
 tlu'y have lor the Americans). I told a young 
 man who liveil with me to go as fast as possi- 
 ble and give said Anderson notice, and I gave 
 the Indians some retreshments to detain them. 
 They took out their large knife and stuck it in 
 the floor, saying " That is to cut oft" his hands." 
 They hated me heartily, and called me a dog 
 and a '■ Big Knife," etc., as I had light colored 
 hail-. 
 
 From that time to the L'2d of January, 18i;>, 
 I was much troubled with the Indians going to 
 and from the River Raisin to Detroit, so that 
 I had to move my fauiilj' to Detroit, and I 
 would return as often as possible to save my 
 
 grain to kce]i my family from starving. On 
 the ISth of January Colonel Lewis came to 
 River Raisin and drove the British and In- 
 dians from that place, and on passing this 
 place, they shot two citizens, Eatane Labo and 
 John Bt. Soleau, and the on!}' reason for doing 
 it they said the young men asked them if they 
 wore running away from the Big Knives. On 
 the 22(1 of Januarj- they took possession of my 
 house, with a number of prisoners. One they 
 roa.sted by tiie fire, then made holes in the 
 floor, and he was the whole day dying, as I 
 was told by one of my neighbors, Alexis Gee, 
 who saw him often through the daj', and his 
 cries could be heard a mile; but he dare not 
 say anything or even speak to him, as it would 
 bo certain death. When I came home in the 
 evening to see my house bo was lying on the 
 door-step, one side black. I cannot describe 
 my feelings on this mournful occasion, but on 
 the 2;5d was still more gloomy. The poor 
 wounded men on the battle ground were all 
 butchered or burned alive in the houses of 
 Messrs. Godfroy, Lacroix, McDougall, Jerome 
 and Couture, and the families of ftiver Raisin, 
 Otter Creek and this place running in every 
 dii'cction — some to Detroit, some to Sandusky, 
 in sleighs, or horseback and afoot, leaving 
 tln^ir jiropcrty behind. The British had pro- 
 vided a number of sleighs on the 22d to take 
 their wounded to Maiden, and these poor ]>eo- 
 ple had to go on foot and carr3' their children 
 on their backs, and man}' who were in afflu- 
 ence the day before were beggars now, f, 
 with the others, went to Detroit, and when the 
 Indians left my house, they ])ut fire to it and it 
 was consumed, as I was informed by Captain 
 Josejih Jabian, who saw it burning; and after 
 the arrival of General Harrison at Detroit 
 with the army, I returned to my farm and 
 found house and barn and fruit trees destroyed, 
 and n\y wife would not agree to live there any 
 more on accour)t of the dead bodies she had 
 seen there where the house stood — there were 
 three or four skeletons which wore burned. I 
 was to exchange my farm at a great loss for a 
 piece up the creek. I am now 60 years of age. 
 I was a volunteer in the service of the LTnitod 
 States under the command of Captain Hubert 
 Tjacroix, in consequence of which the Indians 
 treated me harshU', saying I was a dog. They 
 took from me fourteen horses and most all my 
 hogs, cattle and sheep. They killed one ox 
 
HARRISON AT FORT MEIC;S. 
 
 fit 
 
 ami left the meat to rot, and further this depo- 
 nent saitli not. 
 
 (Sifined) Framis X. Gandon. 
 
 Sworn and subscribed before me this 25th 
 day of November, 1SH4. J. J. Gopkrov, 
 
 Justice of the Peace. 
 
 •Iinisje Woodward also forwarded to General 
 Proctor affidavits concerning the freijuent rob- 
 beries committed b\- the Indians upon the set- 
 tlers; but the communications seem to have 
 been attended with tlie usual results of such 
 correspondence — a number of ;)o/i/e letters iind 
 MO action tending to stoj) the outrages. 
 
 .\s heretofore stated, General Harrison was 
 at Sanduskj- when Winchester arrived at the 
 Rapids on the Maumee River. On the night 
 of the Ifiti) of January', 1813, General Harrison 
 received information of the movements of 
 General Winchester. Genei-al Uarri.son hast- 
 ened to Lower Sanduskj-, and on the morning 
 of the IStb sent a battalion of troops to sup- 
 port General Winchostei-. On the morning of 
 the 10th of Januarj^ he forwarded additional 
 troops to the Rapids of Maumee, whore he with 
 the troops arrived on the morning of the 20th. 
 The whole bodj* from this point moved for- 
 ward to strengthen Winchestci', but, meeting 
 the survivors of the massacre of the River 
 Raisin and being informed of the disaster, re- 
 turned to the Rapids of the Maumee. Here a 
 council of war was held, resulting in a determi- 
 nation to retreat farther in order to prevent 
 being cut off from the stores and artillery- on 
 their way from Sandusk}-, and to Portage River, 
 there to await the guns and re enforcements, 
 which were daily expected but which were 
 detained bj- rains until the 30th of January. 
 On the first of February, 1813, he again ad- 
 vanced to the Rapids of Maumee, where he 
 took up a new and stronger position, to which 
 point he ordered all the troops as rapidly as 
 possible to gather. He then hoped before the 
 middle of February to advance on Maiden, but 
 the continued rain and warm weather rendered 
 the roads nearly impas.sabic, his troops were 
 unable to join him, and the prospects of ad- 
 vancing on the ice frustrated. The winter 
 campaign against Maiden was then abandoned, 
 as the campaign the previous fall had been be- 
 fore. 
 
 The military measures thus far foi- the recov- 
 ery of the Northwest had proved a failure. 
 
 The Americans had been defeated in iicarlj- 
 every instance, and hundreds had fallen under 
 the Indian tomahawk. It was the reverse with 
 Tecumseh and his warriors; they had been 
 conquerors, and had proved invaluable as Brit- 
 ish allies. 
 
 With the opening of spring the Hritish at 
 tempted the conquest of General Hanison's 
 position on the Maumee. The General, appre- 
 hending their measures, urged forward ri'-cni- 
 forcements, which were, however, delayed by 
 the spring freshets atid ini])as8able roads. On 
 the 28lh of April the Hritish forces began the 
 investment of Harrison's cam]), and by the first 
 of the following month had comi)leted their 
 batteries. In the mean time the Americans had 
 constructed an embankment twelve feet high, 
 behind which the garrison withdrew as .soon 
 as the gunners of the British commenced firing. 
 Against this defensive wall the British wasted 
 their energies and ammunition for five daj's. 
 With this ineffectual effort, the British general, 
 having failed to accomplish anything, and ap- 
 prehensive of re-enforcements to the Ameri- 
 can ranks, determined to retreat, and on the 
 9th of May returned with hi.s forces to Maiden. 
 On the 18tli of July General Proctor made a 
 second attempt on Fort Meigs, and with his 
 soldiers and savages ai,'ain surrounded it, but 
 finding the Americans prepared for them ac. 
 complished nothing. 
 
 Unsuccessful at this point, he moved on with 
 his forces to Sandusky, the pi-inci])al stores of 
 General Harrison being at that point. Major 
 Croghan commanded at Fort Stephenson, now 
 Lower Sandusk}-. This point was illy prepared 
 for a defense against heavy cannon, and it being 
 known that General I'roctor was apjiroaching 
 with artillery. General Harrison held a council 
 with bis officers and detei'mincd to abandon it. 
 Before this could be done the ap])earance before 
 the fort of General Proctor, on the 31st of July, 
 1813, made it impracticable. The garrison 
 consisted of 150 soldiers, wiih but one field 
 piece; while the investing force, including 
 Tecum,seh and his warriors, was over 3,30fl 
 strong, with six pieces of artillery. General 
 Proctor- at once demanded a surrender, with 
 the assurance that if his demands were not 
 complied withageneral massacre would follow. 
 To this the daring young officer but twenty-one 
 years of age replied, saying " the Indians 
 would have none to massacre if the British 
 
08 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 conqiiorcd. for eviTy man of his garrison 
 would die at his post." rroctoi- at once oiJened 
 fire upon the northeast angle of the fort. Cro- 
 ghan, believing the British intended to make a 
 breach at this point, concentrated his whole 
 efforts there. He at once strengthened this 
 point by ba;;s of sand and flour, placed his six- 
 ponTidei-in position to rake thepointthreatened, 
 and then havincr charged his infant battery 
 with slugs and hidden from the enemy, awaited 
 the attack for twenty-four hours. The firing 
 continued upon tlienorthwestcorner,thcn under 
 cover of smoke and darkness ii column of 350 
 men approached unseen within twenty paces 
 of the wall ; tiic ditch was gained and in a 
 moment filled with men ; then the si.x-pounder, 
 only thirty feet distant and so directed as to 
 sweep the ditch, was unmasked and fired, kill- 
 ing at once twenty-seven of the assailants and 
 creating a general panic. The column retired, 
 and the little fort, with the loss of one man, 
 was saved. The next morning the British and 
 their allies, fearing the approach of re-enforce- 
 ments under (rrncral Harrison, were gone, 
 leaving in their haste guns, stores and clothing. 
 
 The War Department in October, 1812, had 
 urged uj)on the Government the importance of 
 obtaining command of the lakes by preparing 
 a fleet for that 2:)urpose at Erie. Appropria- 
 tions were made, and on the 4th of the follow- 
 ing August (1813) Commodore Perry suc- 
 ceeded in getting his fleet over the bar into 
 deep water. 
 
 At til is time active preparations were being 
 made for concentrating all the land forces pre- 
 ])aratory to an attack on Maiden. Kentucky 
 sent her best men in great numbers under Gov- 
 ernor Shelby and Colonel Richard M.Johnson. 
 On the 20th of September, 1813, the forces of 
 General Harrison at Port Clinton wei-e trans- 
 |)orted by the fleet to Put in-Bay Island, on the 
 24th reached Middle Sister Island, and on the 
 27th arrived at Maiden, to find it ruined, de- 
 serted and wasted. The news of Perry's victory 
 and the advance of Harrison's army disheart- 
 ened Colonel Proctor, who with his army of 
 regulai-s and Indians — with army stores of 
 every description, evacuated the place and 
 hurried with all convenient speed to the valley 
 of (he Hi ver Thames. On the 28th the last of 
 the British army left Detroit, arriving at Wind- 
 sor, op])osite Detroit, with the last of the guns, 
 ammunition and stores. On the 29th Colonel 
 
 McArthur took possession of Detroit and Mich- 
 igan Territoiy. 
 
 On the 25th of September Colonel Richard 
 M. Johnson, who was with hi.s regiment of 
 Kentuckj' cavalry at Fort Meigs, received or- 
 ders from General Harrison to march imme- 
 diately to the River Raisin and hasten to Mai- 
 den, where ho expected the fleet would land 
 the army the next day. Johnson's regiment 
 hurried on to Frenchtown, remained nearly 
 one day occupied in burying the remains of the 
 brave Iventuckians that were the previous 
 winter ma.ssacred, and on the following day 
 marched into Detroit, and were received by the 
 whole population, who turned out en masse to 
 welcome 1,100 cavalry as they thundered by, 
 under the command of Governor Shelby and 
 Colonel Richard M. Johnson. The 1st of Oc- 
 tober following. Colonel Johnson with his army- 
 crossed to Sandwich, and General Harrison and 
 General Shelby with 3,500 troOps left Detroit 
 in pursuit of the British army. Commodore 
 Perry with his fleet sailed up the river, and 
 when he arrived fifteen miles up the Thames 
 River disembarked and joined the land forces 
 in pursuit of Colonel Proctor, who was with all 
 haste making his way- to the heart of Canada 
 by the valley of the Thames. 
 
 The lirilliant victory at Lower Sandusky 
 substantial h^ closed the military movements 
 in Northwestern Ohio, and attention was next 
 directed toward Erie, and Perry's preparations 
 for naval operations. It so happened that that 
 commander, on the very day of Cvoghan's vic- 
 tory (August 2d) had completed the equiioment 
 of his fleet at Erie, but, owing to a lack of 
 water, he did not cross the bar in the harbor 
 until the 4th, when he set sail in search of the 
 enemy. Not finding them, he returned on the 
 8th to Brie, to take in re -enforcements. August 
 12th he again left, and anchored in Sandusky 
 Bay on the 15th, whence he soon departed in 
 quest of the enemy. Cruising off Maiden, but 
 not finding the object of his search, he retired 
 to Put-in -Bay. His fleet consisted of the Brig 
 Lawrence (the flag ship), of 20 guns; the 
 Niagara, of 20 ; the Caledonia, of 3 ; the 
 Schoonei- Ariel, of 4; the Sloop Trip]:)e, and 
 Schooners Tigress and Porcupine, of 1 gun 
 each — nine vessels with 54 guns and two 
 swivels. The British had six vessels, but they 
 were superior in size, with a greater number 
 of guns. 
 
BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE. 
 
 (19 
 
 On llif iiioniii)i^ of llio niemor-:ible lOtli of 
 September, Commodore Perr^- discovered the 
 enemy bearing down upon liim, wben lie at 
 once made preparation for tiio conflict, wliich 
 was accepted on both aides as j)robably deci- 
 sive of supremacy on the laUo, and as certain 
 to have most important bearing on the <;enoral 
 contest. The report made by Perry consti- 
 tutes the most compact and interesting account 
 of the engagement to be had. It is as follows: 
 
 •• luMTEi) States .Schooner Ariel, ) 
 Put-in-Bay, IHth Sept., 1813. \ 
 
 '•At sunrise on the morning of the 10th, the 
 enemy's vessels were discovered from Put-in- 
 Bay, where I lay at anchor with tiie squadron 
 under my command. 
 
 " We got under way, the wind light S. W., 
 and stood for them. At ten a. m. the wind 
 hauled to S. E., and brought us to windwai'd; 
 formed the line and brought up. At fifteen 
 minutes before twelve the enemy commenced 
 tiring. At five minutes before twelve the action 
 commenced on our part. Finding their fire 
 very destructive, owing to their long guns, and 
 it being most directed to the Lawrence, I made 
 sail and directed the other vessels to follow, for 
 the purpose of closing with the enemy. Every 
 brace and bow being shot away, she became 
 unmanageable, notwithstanding the great ex- 
 ertions of the sailing master. In this situation 
 she sustained the action upwards of two hours, 
 within canister-shot distance, until every gun 
 was rendered useless, and a greater part of the 
 crew either killed or wounded. Finding she 
 could no longer annoy the enemy, T left her in 
 charge of fjieutenant Yarnall, who, as I was 
 convinced, from the bravery already displayed 
 by him, would do what would comport with 
 the honor of the flag. 
 
 "At half-past two, the wind sjiringing up. 
 Captain Elliott was enabled to bring his vessel, 
 the ^Niagara, gallantly into close action. I im- 
 mediately went on board her, when he antici- 
 pated mj^ wish by volunteering to bring the 
 schooner, which had been kept astern by the 
 lightness of the wind, into close action. 
 
 •■ It was with unspeakable pain that I saw, 
 soon after I got on board the Niagara, the flag 
 of the Lawrence come down, although 1 was 
 perfectly sensible that she had been defended 
 to the last, and that to have continued to make 
 a show of resistance, would have been a wan- 
 ton .sacrifice of the remainins' of her Inavf crfw, 
 
 But the enemy was not able to tak(? pussession 
 of her, and circumstances soon permitted hci- 
 flag to be hoisted. 
 
 "At fortj'-five minutes past two, the signal 
 was made (or close action. The Niagara being 
 very little injured, I determined to pass through 
 the enemy's line, bore up and passed ahead of 
 their two ships and a brig, giving a raking fii-e 
 to them from the starboard guns, and to a small 
 schooner and sloop, from the larboard side, at 
 half-pistol shot di-stance. The smaller vessels 
 at this time having got within grape and can- 
 ister distance, under the direction of Cai)tain 
 Elliott, and keeping up a well-directed fire, the 
 two ships, a brig and a schooner surrendered, 
 a schooner and sloop making vain attempt to 
 escape. 
 
 "Those otficei-s and men wIkj were imme- 
 diately under my observation, evinced the 
 greatest gallantry, and I have no doubt that 
 all others conducted themselves as became 
 American officers and seamen." 
 
 On the 27th of September the American 
 army set .sail for the shores of Canada, and in 
 a short time stood around the ruins of the de- 
 serted and wasted Maiden, from which Gen- 
 eral Proctor had retreated to Sandwich, and 
 was with haste making his way to the heart of 
 Canada by the valley of the Thames. On the 
 29th of September General Ilarri.son was at 
 Sandwich, and McArthur took possession of 
 Detroit and the Territory of Michigan. At 
 this time Colonel Bichard M. Johnson's mount- 
 ed riflemen, which had gone up the west side 
 of the Kiver Detroit, rejoined the main army. 
 
 On the 2d of October the American army be- 
 gan their march in pursuit of General Proctor, 
 whom they overtook on the 5th. The British 
 were in two lines, occupying the field between 
 the river and a small swamp. The Indians ex- 
 tended from the small to the large swamp, the 
 ground being suitable to their mode of waifare 
 and unfavorable for the cavalry. General Har- 
 rison ordered Colonel JRichard M. .Johnson 
 with his mounted men to charge and try to 
 break the regular troops by passing through 
 their ranks and forming in the rear. Colonel 
 Johnson gave the right hand body of his 
 cavalry opposite the regulars in charge of his 
 brother James, while crossing the swamj) with 
 the remainder he led the way against Tecum- 
 .seh and his savage followers. The charge of his 
 brotlur James was successful. TheKentuckiaus 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ret'eived the fire of the eneiri)-, broke through 
 the ranks, and forming beyond them produced 
 such a panic by the novelty of the attack that 
 the whole body of troops yielded at once. On 
 the left the Indians fought courageou8l3' and 
 the American cavalry were forced to dismount, 
 as their horses were in danger of miring in the 
 swamp. In a few moments, Tecumseh, wiio 
 more than any other man brought about this 
 war, fell dead from a shot from Colonel John- 
 son's pistol. The British soon gave up the 
 contest, and now all was over but the pursuit 
 of Proctor, who had fled at the coniniencement 
 of the action. 
 
 Such were the glorious victories of our arms 
 over the British and Indians, Commodore 
 Perry had conquered on Lake Erie, and the 
 brave Harrison and his army at the Thames. 
 This last contest practically ended the war in 
 the Northwest. Tecumseh had fallen, the In- 
 dians lost their power and prestige, and the 
 British having been thoroughlj^ defeated gave 
 but little trouble afterwards. 
 
 Controversy has arisen as to " Who killed 
 Tecumseh?" but the fact that James Knagi^s 
 and Medard Labadie, who were personally 
 well acquainted with Tecumseh, who lived on 
 the River Raisin for mauy years both before 
 and after the War of 1812, and who frequently 
 stated all the facts and details, and who car- 
 ried Colonel Richard M. Johnson wounded from 
 the field, were esteemed by those who knew 
 them as good authority for any statement they 
 might make, has settled the controvei-sy. The 
 attidavit of James Knaggs having reference 
 thereto will be perused with interest, and is 
 regarded as conclusive proof of the statements 
 therein made by those in this vicinity-, by 
 whom he was held in high esteem. General 
 Cass, in the presidential campaign of 1840, was 
 accompanied through this State by Mr. James 
 Knaggs and Medard Labadie, who occupied 
 the platform and were exhibited as the cour- 
 ageous soldiers who carried Colonel Johnson 
 from the field. The General stated frequently 
 his belief that Colonel Johnson was entitled to 
 the credit generally awarded him of being the 
 hero who killed b3' a pistol shot the great Indian 
 chieftain, and from the fact that General Cass 
 was an officer in the same engagement, full 
 credence was given to his statement. The 
 recognition of the kind offices of James Knaggs 
 at the battle of the Thames by a letter now in 
 
 the possession of John Knaggs, the son of 
 James, 1 have been recently permitted to copy, 
 and annex hereto. 
 
 (hTY OF WASIlI.NliTON, Juiie G, 1841. 
 
 Major James Knaggs — 
 
 My Dear Old Friend : I have received your 
 kind and esteemed favor, wishing me a safe 
 arrival home among my friends. I truly and 
 sincerely thank you for the friendship which 
 you have shown to me; and if ever it should 
 be in my power to serve you, I am ready and 
 willing. That you may live long to enjoy the 
 blessings of that Government which you have 
 defended, is the prayer of your devoted friend 
 and fellow citizen, Richard M. Johnson. 
 
 The following is the affidavit of James 
 Knaggs; 
 
 State of Mioukjan, ) 
 County of Monroe, j 
 
 James Knaggs deposeth and saith ; I was 
 attached to a company of mounted men called 
 Rangers at the battle of the Thames in Upper 
 Canada in the year 1813. During the battle 
 we charged into the swamp, where several of 
 our horses mired down, and an order was given 
 to retire to the hard ground in our rear, which 
 we did. The Indians in front of us, believing we 
 were retreating, immediately advanced upon us 
 with Tecutnseh at their head. I distinctly 
 heard his voice, with which I was perfectly 
 familiar. He yelled like a tiger, and urged on 
 his braves to the attack. We were then but a 
 few yards apart. We halted on the hard 
 ground and continued our tire. After a few 
 minutes of very severe firing, I discovered 
 Colonel Richard M. Johnson lying on the 
 ground with one leg confined by the body of 
 his white mare, which had been killed. My 
 friend M. Labadie was with me. We went 
 up to the Colonel (with whom we were pre- 
 viously acquainted) and found him badly 
 wounded, lying on his side with one of his 
 pistols lying in his hand. I saw Tecumseh at 
 the same time, lying on his face dead, and about 
 fifteen or twenty feet from the colonel. He 
 was stretched at full length and was shot 
 through the body, I think near the heart; the 
 ball went through his back. He held his tom- 
 ahawk in his right hand (it had a brass pipe 
 on the head of it) ; his arm was extended as if 
 striking, and the edge of the tomahawk was 
 
DISTRESS OF SETTLERS. 
 
 71 
 
 stuck in the ground. Tei-umseh was dressed 
 in red speckled legginijs and a fringed hunting 
 shirt; he lay slretclied directly towards Colonel 
 Johnson. When we went up to the (Jolonel, 
 we offered to help him ; he replied with anirau- 
 tioii, "Knaggs, let me lay here and push on 
 and take Proctor." However, we liberated him 
 from his dead horse, took his blanket from his 
 saddle, placed him in it and bore him ott" the 
 field. I had known Tecum.seh from my boy- 
 hood — we were boys together. There was no 
 Other Indian immediately around where Te- 
 cunisoh and Colonel Johnson la^', though there 
 Were man}- near the small creek a few rods back 
 of the place where Tecumseh fell. I had no 
 doubt then and have none now that Tecumseh 
 fell by the hand of Colonel Johnson. 
 
 (Signed) J.\mes KN.\(ius. 
 
 Sworn to and subscriboil before me the 22d 
 day of September, 1853. 
 
 B. F. H. WiTHEUELI., 
 
 Notary Public. 
 
 Colonel Johnson stated at the time and alter- 
 ward often reiterated it, thai he killed an I lulian 
 with his pistol, who was advancing upon him 
 at the time his horse fell under him. The testi- 
 mony of Captain Knaggs shows conclusively 
 that it could have been no other than Tecumseh. 
 The foregoing transaction is of no little im- 
 portance in our history, as the ball that bore 
 with it the fate of the great Indian warrior 
 dissolved at once the last great Indian confed- 
 eracy and gave peace to our Irontier. 
 
 Some thirteen months intervened between 
 the surrender of General Hull and the occupa- 
 tion of Detroit and River Raisin by Colonel 
 McArthur, during the most of which time the 
 Territory was under martial law, the inhabi- 
 tants were plundered and subject to every kind 
 of indignity, and nearly all of the inhabitants 
 that were prominent and that had been identi- 
 tied in sympathy and feeling with the Ameri- 
 can cause were, in the midst of a bitter cold 
 winter, compelled to leave the country by the 
 barbarous and inhuman command of Colonel 
 Proctor. 
 
 Notices, of which the following isa copy, were 
 sent to the prominent men of Detroit, viz. : 
 
 "I am ordered by Colonel Proctor to say that 
 he expects you will be prepared to leave the 
 
 country on Friday next, in company with a 
 number of American citizens from this place. 
 (Signed) William Jones." 
 
 These orilers were followed by a jjrotest that 
 was very numerously signed and yiresented to 
 Colonel Proctor by the citizens, a copy of which 
 follows : 
 
 " Whereas, it has been signified to us, the 
 undersigned, citizens of the United States, resi- 
 dent at Detroit, in the Territory of Michigan, 
 bv Colonel Henry Proctor, the British com- 
 manding officer, that it is his will and pleasure 
 we should depart from and leave the said Ter- 
 ritory, and be so orders and directs it, leaving 
 behind us at the same time, as we necessarily 
 must, our dearest (amilies and relatives, exposed 
 to the cruelties and evils incident to a state of 
 war. and our property at the mercy ot the 
 maurading savages." 
 
 This appeal was disregarded, and the citizens 
 in. the month of February were compelled to 
 leave. The Canadians living in Detroit were 
 protected from plunder by marking their cattle 
 with a red mark, while the American citizens 
 suffered the loss of all of their properly. At 
 this time the residentsat the River Raisin were 
 reduced to such a state of starvation that they 
 resorted to boiling down hay, using it as a sub- 
 stitute for tea, for nourishment. To give some 
 idea of the destitution at Detroit and the River 
 Raisin Judge Woodward writes thus to James 
 Monroe, Secretary of War : 
 
 " The desolation of this country is be_\ ond all 
 conception. No kind of Hour or meal is to be 
 procuretl, and nothing lor the subsistence of 
 cattle, no animals for slaughter, and more than 
 half of the population destitute of aii^' for do- 
 mestic or agricultural purposes; the fencing 
 of the farms entirely destroyed by the incur- 
 sions of the enemy for fuel for the military ; 
 their houses left without glass, and in man^- 
 instances even the flooring burned; their 
 clothing plundered from them by the Indians. 
 It is a literal fact, and it will scarcely be 
 deemed possible to shock the feelings of human 
 nature so much as to state it, that the inhabi- 
 tants of the River Raisin have been obliged to 
 resort to chopped hay, boiled, for subsistence. 
 Many, possessing neither firmness of mind or 
 body sufficient to sustain the calamities with 
 which they have been assailed, have sunk into 
 
72 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the asj'luin where tlic wicked cease to trouble be g-iveii by the coninianding officer of the 
 and the wearj'- are at rest." company in whose bounds the applicant re- 
 in reply to these representations tlie Secrc- sides, stating his infirmity or inability to sup- 
 tai-y of War authorized Governor Cass to dis- j)orl himself, which certificate shall, if the per- 
 tribute$l,5()0 to thesettlers on the River Raisin, son be of the Roman Catholic religion, be 
 and the mone}' was expended in flour. Every countersigned by the Rev. Mr. Richard and a 
 precaution was used in the distribution, and in justice of the peace, and if a person is not of 
 order that this might not be misapplied the the Roman (Jatholic religion it shall be caun- 
 (Jovernor ilctcrmincd " that a certifieate should tersigned by two justices of the jieace." 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 COKRESPONDENCE OF COLONEL PROCTOR, COMMANDER OF URITISH ARMY AT BATTLE OK RIVER 
 RAISIN, AND REPORTS AFTER THE DAITLE. 
 
 THE following reports and correspondence 
 between Colonel Proctor and General 
 SlieafFe were obtained from the arcliives of the 
 Canadian capital by Judge Woodward : 
 
 Sandwich, January 25, 18i;5. 
 Major- General Sheaffe, Fort George — 
 
 Mv Dear General : In my last dispatch I 
 acquainted you that the enemy was in the 
 Michigan Territory and that he was marcli- 
 ing on Detroit. I therefore deemed it requisite 
 that he shojld be attacked without delay and 
 with all and every description ol force within 
 my reach. Early on the morning of the 19th 
 inst. I was informed of his being in possession 
 of Frenchlown, on the Eiver Raisin, twenty- 
 six miles from Detroit. After ex])eriencing 
 ever}- resistance that Major Reynolds, of the 
 Es.sex militia, had it in his power to make with 
 a tlirec-pounder well served and directed bj' 
 Bombardier Kitson,of the Royal Artiiler}', and 
 the militiamen whom lie had well trained to the 
 use of it, the retreat ofthc gun was covered bj- a 
 brave baud of Indians, who made the enemy 
 pay dearl}- for what he obtained. The Indians 
 fell back eighteen miles to Brownstown, the 
 settlement of the brave Wyandots, whei'e I 
 directed my forces to assemble. On the 21st 
 inst. I advanced twelve miles to Swan Creek, 
 whence we marched to the enemj- and attacked 
 him at breaU of day on the 22d inst.. and after 
 experiencing for our number a considerable 
 loss, about half of the enemy's forces posted in 
 houses and enclosures, and which in the dread 
 of falling into the hands of the Indians they 
 most obstinatelj' defended, at last surrendered 
 at discretion. The other part of their force, 
 in attempting to return whence they came, 
 were, I believe, all, or perhaps excepting a very 
 few, killed by the Indians. Brigadier-General 
 Winchester was taken in the pursuit by the 
 Wyandot chii^f Round-Head. He was cut off 
 
 from those who were posted and whom he 
 afterward surrendered. 
 
 I had much difficulty in bringing the Indians 
 to consent to the sparing of the lives of those 
 that were wounded. You will perceive that I 
 have lost no time; indeed, there w'as none to 
 spare, as they would have been joined b}^ Mr. 
 Harrison in a few days, and the people of De- 
 troit had already begun to show themselves. 
 The troops, the marines and militia disi)layed 
 great bravery; all behaved well. Where so 
 much zeal and spirit was displayed by all, it 
 would be unjust to attempt to particularize. I 
 shall only mention some of the wounded : 
 Lieutenant Colonel St. George, who received 
 four wounds in a gallant attempt to occupy a 
 building favorably situated by the enemy for 
 our annoyance ; Lieutenant Kerr, of the Roj^al 
 N. F. L. regiment, who I fear is very danger- 
 ouslj- wounded (since dead). The zeal and 
 courai;e of the Indian department never were 
 raoi-e conspicuous than on this occasion. The 
 Indian warriors displayed their usual courage. 
 I am much indebted to the different depart- 
 ments, the troops, etc., having been well and 
 timely supplied with every requisite the district 
 can afford. We feel the insufficienc}- of surgical 
 assistance. If the Indians had not appeared 
 quite as soon in the enemy's rear, whicti deter- 
 red them from quitting their fastness, scarcely 
 a man could have escaped death. 
 
 I send my aid-dc-camp. Acting Lieutenant 
 McLean, with this dispatch. He will be able 
 to answer any questions respecting the affairs 
 at Frcnchtown that you may be desirous of 
 asking concerning our situation here generally. 
 
 I have decided to the best of my judgment 
 respecting the prisoners, which is to send them 
 bj- tlie River Thames, to be passed over on your 
 frontier. The reasons for not sending them 
 back the route by which they came are so 
 obvious that 1 shall not. except required, ob- 
 
 [73] 
 
u 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 triule them on you. Indeed, I see no option 
 or arrangement that could be made but the one 
 directed. I fortunately have not been deprived 
 of the services of Lieutenant Trough ton, of the 
 Royal Artillery, and acting in the quarter- 
 master-general's department. Though he was 
 wounded, I am indebted much to his zeal and 
 unwearied exertions. 1 could wish his continu- 
 ance in the quarterniaster-geueral's depart- 
 ment. Were it not unjust to particularize any 
 corps, where all did their utmost, I would men- 
 tion the zeal and courage of the Koyal Artillery. 
 Each officer is deserving of being named, could 
 1 do it within the compass of a dispatch. I 
 enclose a list of the killed and wounded. I 
 lament there being so many of both, but of the 
 latter a large portion will soon return to duty, 
 and most of them before long. Before the re- 
 duction of my force 1 had too few for the de- 
 fen.se of the frontier. May I not hope that 
 you will send me a company of the Forty-First 
 Regiment? You are aware of the insufficiency 
 of my means. I also send a return of the 
 arms, ammunition, etc., taken on the 22d inst. ; 
 likewise of the prisoners, whom you will per- 
 ceive to be equal to ray utmost force, exclusive 
 of the Indians, who though a j)owerful aid are 
 an uncertain one, being dependent on success, 
 and which would have strongly appeared had 
 I failed on the 22d in.st. Nor could I have 
 been sure of the militia in the event of any 
 disaster. I have not heard it officially, but I 
 believe a party of the enemy of 100, bringing 
 500 hogs for General Winchester's force, has 
 been completely cut off. I shall defer until the 
 next opportunity, which shall be in a few days, 
 saying anything more, having already detained 
 liieutenant McLean too long, of whose courage 
 and exertions disiDlayedou the 22d inst. I would 
 speak, did I think it just to attempt particu- 
 larizing any one, especially when I may be sup- 
 posed partial. I remain, my dear General, 
 faithfulljr yours, 
 
 Henry Proctor, 
 Colonel Commanding. 
 
 ccssity of sending several Crom tlio depot of 
 treachery, Detroit. I shall endeavor to send 
 correct returns (nominally) of both, with my 
 recommendation of the disposal of the latter. 
 My opinion of the enem}- is not more favorable 
 than it was, from what I have seen and heard 
 of them. Tliey were ai'med with knives and 
 tomahawks, and some of them used them ; they 
 fired at the wounded as they lay on the ground, 
 themselves behind enclosures and in buildings. 
 Every art, ever}' means have been employed 
 to prejudice and influence these misguided 
 people against us. There have been some in- 
 stances, I am sorry to say, of Indian barbarity, 
 but the example was set by the enemy, and 
 they came to seek them I know one shall be 
 vilified, for the truth is not in them. I have 
 not anj'thing to accuse myself of 
 
 I enclose you an extract of a letter from 
 General Winchester just previous to his de- 
 parture. I also enclose returns, by which you 
 will perceive what my force was when I at- 
 tacked the enemy and what it is at present. 
 If you do not send me as many as will replace 
 those who are in consequence of the aifairof the 
 22d unfit foi' service, 1 mean of the Forty-First 
 Regiment, very serious consequences may fol- 
 low the enemy's advance, which should be ex- 
 pected, and im)nedi;itely. We shall do our 
 duty, but that will not save the country though 
 it may our ci'edit. I have been given to un- 
 derstand that General Harrison is at the foot 
 of the rapids, so that no time should be lost in 
 moving on, if they should not be already on 
 the way here, whatever assistance can be af- 
 forded. 
 
 I fear I shall not be enabled, without delay- 
 ing the express too long, to send you a moi-e 
 correct return of the jDrisoners than I already 
 have doni^ You shall receive it, however, 
 before the (irisoners can reach you. 
 
 Extract from a letter from Colonel Proctor: 
 
 Sandwich, February 1, 1813. 
 
 I have hastened off for many reasons the 
 
 General and the other prisoners, excepting the 
 
 wounded, and a few others whom the Indians 
 
 ■ are bringing in. I shall also be under the ne- 
 
 Febrtjary 2d. 
 
 Major-- General Sheaffe : 
 
 General Harrison has sent, with a flag of 
 truce, the person to whom the enclosed order 
 is directed. You will perceive his object to be 
 the gaining of information. I shall keep the 
 gentleman and send some person to him. He 
 is at the foot of the rapids, and we may ex- 
 pect him with more thousands than I can find 
 hundreds. The Indian force is a strong aid 
 
 w 
 
CORRESPONDENCE OF COLONEL PROCTOR. 
 
 75 
 
 when there is si la-obabilil}- of suceess, but any 
 reverse would quickly disperse it. Our militia 
 force dejiends also on success in a great meas- 
 ure. I h;ivo had some little e.xperience of both. 
 You will see how much I am in need of officers. 
 The wounds are in general not dangerous; 
 they are, however, severe ones. I shall .say no 
 MiDre. My situation is well known to j-ou.and 
 I trust j-ou will afford mc speed}- aid. 
 
 (Signed) Henry Proctor, 
 
 Colonel Commanding. 
 
 Whereas, It bath been signified to us, the 
 undersigned, citizens of the United States, 
 residents of Detroit, in the Territory of Michi- 
 gan, by Henry Proctor, the British command- 
 ing officer, that it is his will and pleasure we 
 should depart from and leave the said Terri- 
 tor}', and he so orders and directs it, leaving 
 behind at the same time, as we necessarily 
 must do,our dearest relatives exposed to all the 
 casualties and evils incident to a state of war, 
 and our proper!}- at the mere}' of marauding 
 savages : 
 
 Resolved, Therefore, that we consider the .said 
 order of the said Colonel Proctor as a flagrant 
 and gross violation of the third article of the 
 capitulation made and concluded at Detroit on 
 the ICth daj- of August last, and b}- reason 
 w-hcreof this place was surrendered to the 
 Britiish flag. 
 
 Resolved, Secondly, that it is a duty we own 
 to ourselves and to our country to resist man- 
 fully and spiritedly, by all the powers of reason 
 and argument, every unwarrantable attempt 
 upon our personal riglits that is not strietly 
 compatible with the articles of capitulation. 
 
 Whereas, Wc entertain a very sensible and 
 thorough conviction that a military officer, 
 by an unjustifiable and wanton invasion of the 
 private rights of an individual, may not only 
 incur the displeasure of his own Government 
 but will lav himself personally responsible to 
 tlu' individual injured: 
 
 Resolved, Therefore, thirdly, tiiat for every 
 violation of our rights and privileges attended 
 with an injury to our persons or property, we 
 will make a solemn appeal in the dernier 
 ressort to the umjjire of the law. 
 
 Resolved, Fourthlj-, that we entertain a high 
 sense of the honor of a military parole and the 
 virtuous and delicate use thatouyht to be made 
 
 of it, as likewise the necessitv and the pro- 
 priety of a strict and exem])lary neutrality as 
 long as wo remain under the British flag and 
 are ])rotected in our persons and property, 
 agreeable to the true s))irit and letter of the 
 articles of capitulation. 
 
 Resolved, Fifthly, that if there are any 
 amongst us whose conduct and behavior does 
 not strictly comport with the spirit and moan- 
 ing of the preceding resolutions, they ought 
 not to be screened from punishment ; but that it 
 is our duty to assist in exposing them to the just 
 animadversion and censure of their own im- 
 proper conduct. 
 
 Anp Whereas, We entertain a high sense of 
 the manly, dignified and spirited conduct of 
 Augustus B. Woodward, whose services have 
 heretofore been as pre-eminently useful to the 
 inhabitants : 
 
 Resolved, Therefore, sixthl}-, that he be pre- 
 sented with these resolutions with a request to 
 la\- them before the said Colonel Henry Proc- 
 tor, and to use all lawful and honorable en- 
 treaty with him to obtain a revocation of iiis 
 aforesaid order, so diametrically o]iposed to 
 the aforesaid third article of capitulation, and 
 so manifesth' injurious at this particular season 
 of the year to our pei-sons and property. 
 
 Dated Detroit, February Lst, 1818. Signed 
 by twenty-nine persons. 
 
 A true copy. A. H. McLean, A. I). C. 
 
 MioiiiOAN, .lanuary 31, 1S18. 
 The Hon. James Monroe, Secretary of State : 
 
 Sir: Iliad the honor to transmit to yo.i some 
 days ago, simply under an envelope, some in- 
 formation for the friends of Messrs. Baker and 
 McCarthy, and I now beg to transmit commu- 
 nications of a similar nature for twelve of the 
 families. 
 
 In the battle of La liiviere Aux Raisins of 
 the 22d of the month, and which terminated in 
 a complete victory on the part of the British 
 commander, the American general evidently 
 committed four military errors. 
 
 First, His troops were posted on the left 
 bank of the Eiver Eaisin, when the}- should 
 have been, unquestionably, on the right. 
 
 Second, They were posted at the extremity 
 of a i)ublic road, when, if posted on the left 
 bank at all, they should have been in a situa- 
 tion that either fences or woods inighl have 
 
76 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 presented some obstructions to the appronch of 
 cannon. 
 
 Third, He slept a mile and a half from his 
 men, and the next to him in command being 
 absent, they in fact had no commander. 
 
 Fourth, He received intelligence of the 
 march of the attacking army in the evening, 
 but would not credit it. 
 
 The operations of the British commandei- 
 are marked with the same minute correctness 
 of judgment in this instance, and the same 
 boldness of conception and execution which 
 distinguished in the former instance his illus- 
 trious predecessor, General Brock. It is a 
 military movement of equal and in fact of 
 greater sjjlendor. His allies, however, will 
 tarnish his military laurels and plant a thorn 
 in his heart. "But that I am," etc., Hamlet, Act 
 II. Scene 4. The American soldiers fought 
 like lions. The enemy do justice to their in- 
 trepid bravery, and being the first iu.stance 
 they have felt in this quarter of American 
 spirit, it is not without its impression. "What- 
 ever credit is, liowever, given to the bravery of 
 the men, the superiority of generalship beyond 
 all doubt or question belongs to the British 
 commanders. If General Winchester ad- 
 vanced without the approbation of the com- 
 manding general, this was a still greater and 
 more military error. 
 
 I have the honor to be, sir, respectfully your 
 obedient servant, 
 
 (Signed) A. B. Woodward. 
 
 A true copy. 
 
 A. H. McLean,A.I).C. 
 
 Sandwich, February 4, 1813. 
 Major- (xeneral Sheaffe, Fort George — 
 
 My Dear General; The advance of Gen- 
 eral Winchester's force gave an opportunity to 
 a part of the inhabitants of the Michigan Ter 
 ritory to display their hostile sentiments to- 
 ward our Government. A number of them 
 were prepared, I have reason to believe, in the 
 event of my having failed in my attack on the 
 enemy, to rise and possess themselves of Fort 
 Detroit, in which, at the time, I could afford a 
 garrison of militia only; but disappointed in 
 that expectation, and acquiring confidence from 
 the approach of General Harrison, they held 
 meetings which were productive of the inde- 
 
 cent resolutions dated February 1, 181.3, and 
 of the conditions for a convention insolently 
 ]iroposed in a letter to me from Chief Justice 
 Woodward. Of the impropriety of this man's 
 conduct, I certainly cannot entertain a doubt. 
 He is an artful, designing and ambitious man, 
 and his only objects have been to ingratiate 
 himself with his own Government and to court 
 popularity. In such a man I could not place 
 confidence, and associated with him in the ad- 
 ministration of the government it was impos- 
 sible for that government to possess sufficient 
 energ}' to control such men. To preserve the 
 Territory, therefore, I found myself under the 
 absolute necessity of declaring martial law 
 therein. I have also found it necessary to 
 order some of the more suspicious and turbu- 
 lent characters to quit the Territory, among 
 whom are some British subjects. They will 
 2)roceed to Fort George under an escort and 
 then will be at your disjjosal, though I shall 
 take upon me to make some remarks respect- 
 ing some of them. 
 
 After having rid the Tei'ritory of these men, 
 as there are a considerable number of the in- 
 habitants who are or were British subjects, 
 who were greatly controlled in their actions 
 by the persons sent off, it is mj^ intention to 
 bring over as maiiy of the inhabitants as lean 
 to take the oath of allegiance to his Majesty, 
 and if I find they can be tru.sted, arm them in 
 defense of the Territory. As the majority of 
 the inhabitants are Canadians, and as it is so 
 much for their own interest to be on good 
 terms with the Indians, I have hopes of suc- 
 ceeding in procuring a considerable number to 
 join us. And in respect to those who are con- 
 firmed citizens of the United States, and whom 
 I have not thought j)roper to order away, 1 
 shall call on them to take an oath of strict 
 neutrality during the war. The most of those 
 sent away were, by the capitulation for the 
 surrender of Detroit, made prisoners of war, as 
 they had joined the army, and as such, I con- 
 ceive, liable to be sent away. What I have 
 done has been under the firm conviction that 
 it was not only for the best but absolutely 
 necessary. I have, therefore, reasons to hope 
 that my conduct will be full)- approved. I 
 remain, my dear General, faithfully yours, 
 Henry Proctor, 
 Commanding. 
 
 I 
 
CORUESrONDENCE OF COr.ONEI, PROCTOR. 
 
 77 
 
 To Colonel Proctor: 
 
 I^ctuni of jjrisoners taken after the action at 
 River Raisin, January 22, 181:!; 
 
 Brigadier Generals 1 
 
 Colonels 1 
 
 Majors 1 
 
 Captains i> 
 
 Lieutenants <i 
 
 Ensigns 10 
 
 Brigade Majors.. 1 
 
 Adjutants . 1 
 
 Quartermasters 1 
 
 Surgeons - 
 
 Sergeants 27 
 
 Rank and File 435 
 
 Total 495 
 
 ■{"lie Inilians have brought in and delivered 
 uj) sevei'al prisoners since this return was 
 taken. They continucci to do sotliis morning, 
 so that tlio return i.s not exactlj^ correct, nor 
 can a correct one be procured until they arrive 
 at Sandwich. 
 (Signed) Felix Troughton, Lt. R. A., 
 
 Act'g Asst. Qvartermaster (ren'l. 
 
 Amhersthurc, January 25, 181o. 
 Return of arms, ammunition, etc., taken 
 from the enemy at River Raisin on the 22d 
 inst. : 
 
 Af 1 , ( Serviceable, with Bavonets ?>(>9 
 
 .\liisKets-j Repairable, without Bayonets 28 397 
 
 ,, , ( Serviceable, with Belts 292 
 
 1 oucnes-^ Repairable, without Belts 57 349 
 
 Musket Ball, serviceable 900 
 
 Cartridfres, un.serviceable 500 1400 
 
 Swords with scabbards 10 10 
 
 (Signed) Fei.ix Troiciito.n, 
 Lieut. Com'd'g Royal Artillery. 
 S.vMTKi. Wood, 
 
 Clerk of Ordnance Stores Train Dept. 
 
 N. B. — There was mncli ammunition and 
 many muskets, ritles, swords and pistols which 
 it was politic to allow the Indians to take away 
 with them. 
 
 S.\Nii\vi(ii, January 24, 1811!. 
 .Major Evans, Fort George — 
 
 5Iv Dear Major: Though much oceujiied, 
 I shall take a few moments to ac<piaint you 
 that on the 10th inst., at 2 a. m., I was informed 
 that the encmj' was in complete possession of 
 tlie settlement at the River Raisin, and that on 
 the 22d inst. at break of tlay, I attacked him 
 
 with all the forces I could collect, the result of 
 which is that Brigadier General Winchester, his 
 surviving officers and upwards of 4(i0 men are 
 prisoners, the remainder (I believe about the 
 same number) being killed by the Indians in 
 their flight. I am sorry to say that our loss 
 has been for our number considerable. We 
 had no time to lose, for Mr, Harrison is on the 
 advance. A week's delay would have lost us 
 ever3'thing. Perhaps this specimen of what 
 they are to expect in the Territory may deter 
 theiii from making another attempt .soon. The 
 troops, marine and militia, displayed great 
 bravery, as did also the Indians. The officers 
 did their duty well. It would be scarcely just 
 to mention individuals. Colonel St, George re- 
 ceived four wounds "whilst acting very gal- 
 lantly." Lieutenant Kerr, N, V. L,, is, I fear, 
 mortally wounded, I have not time for further 
 particulars. Believe me, with regard and esteem, 
 ever yours, 
 
 Henry Proctor, 
 
 Extract from a letter from General J'roctor 
 to Major-Genoral Sheaffe : 
 
 Saniiwiiii, January 1'3, 1813. 
 Nothing can be more gratifying to me than 
 to find effectual measures taken to insure the 
 superiority of the lakes, so requisite to the 
 security of the country. Every exertion is 
 making and shall be persevered in, as far as de- 
 pends on me to attain that object. The gun- 
 boats are to be built on the Thames, bj' which 
 much time and expense will be saved, I want 
 no assistance toward building the gunboats. 
 The labor and materials I have at hand. It is 
 not so with respect to the ship; however, no 
 time need be lost. An estimate of the materials 
 is sent, and a saving of time and expense will 
 arise in proportion to the number of ship- 
 wrights employed in building her. In the rig- 
 ging of the ship, a naval officer should direct 
 and sailors be employed, I do not believe 
 there are either here properly qualified. I have 
 taken it for granted that we are to receive 
 officers and seamen from the only adequate 
 .source, the royal navj-. There are two very 
 important points which I conceive it requisite 
 to occupy with block-liouses. The expense 
 will be very trifling, the timber being at hand, 
 and the effect they may produce on our allies 
 very beneficial, as calculated to preserve our 
 
IS 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 commuuication willi them and ensure their 
 retreat. One gun only will be requisite in each. 
 
 Mature reflection on the reading within my 
 reach had determined me against demanding 
 the railitar}- service of the inhabitants of the 
 ceded Territory. I dread the consequences on 
 their account solely of the enemy entering into 
 tiie Territorj". No commands or influence of 
 mine will be of sufficient weight to preserve the 
 property, and J doubt not the lives, of the most 
 of the inhabitants in the event of it. With my 
 inadequate means the game will be a difficult 
 one ; however, I will do my best and trust that 
 the result may be as favorable as hitherto. 
 
 The Indians in council have formally re- 
 quested the aid of such a corps (Butler's) as 
 were attached to and acted with them during 
 (as it is called) the Revolutionary War, and 
 *Captain Caldwell, whom they well know and 
 think highly of, niaj^ be employed. A corps of 
 that description would be, I am convinced, of 
 the highest utility, both in restraining and di- 
 recting the hostility of the Indians to the 
 proper objects of it. I would propose one 
 company at first, and if found to answer the in- 
 tended purpose, a second might be added under 
 a major. It « ould soon prove a good substi- 
 tute for militia, whose officers here are almost 
 all as bad as can be. An efficient corps of the 
 description pi'oposed, I doubt not, could soon 
 be raised in this district. From the Indians I 
 have had manj- applications for the regular 
 troops to move and serve immediately with 
 them, and which wifh some difficulty I have 
 been able to evade, since the expedition in- 
 tended for Fort Wayne, often much to their 
 dissatisfaction. Having the corps in question, 
 no other would be required to act immediatelj- 
 with them. The Indians are endeavoring to 
 
 "•■Captain Caldwell referred to, soon after the War 
 of 1812, married Miss Catharine, the daughter of 
 Jaques Lasselle, who was a wealthy Indian trader. 
 Miss Catharine was an accomplished lady, who re- 
 ceived her education at Montreal, making her trips 
 from the River Raisin to Montreal and return in open 
 flat boats. The records in the Register's office of 
 Monroe county show that in 1840 she was the owner 
 of forty-four farms in Monroe county, inherited from 
 her father. Captain Caldwell resided on the farm 
 known by his name, five miles west of Monroe on 
 the north side of the River Raisin. He died, leaving 
 a large family, and many of his descendants yet re- 
 side in Monroe county. His grandson, Charles, is at 
 this time the Clerk of Monroe county. 
 
 get those nations which are in the United 
 States from among the Americans. Their plans 
 are well laid. The Americans, I undei-stand, 
 have in considerable force ascended the Illinois 
 in boats shot proof, intending to build or estab- 
 lish themselves half waj^ up, thence proceed to 
 Chicago and there establish themselves again. 
 You will perceive their object to be the cutting 
 off from us the most formidable Indian nations. 
 Mopock, whom we knew here, has collected a 
 body of Indians to oj)j)ose them. Tecumseh, I 
 fear, has scarcely recovered his health. I have 
 just learned that the enemy are at the foot of 
 the rapids, computed at 1,000 men. Two da^s 
 since a few Indians and Americans encountered 
 each other, when the latter had two killed and 
 some wounded, and the former one wounded. 
 The Indians contrived to bring off three of the 
 enemy's horses. 
 
 It may bo requisite to dislodge the enemy 
 from their present position, which is in the Ter- 
 ritory, and therefore we have no choice nor 
 option but to employ all and every description 
 of force in our reach. I am under the necessity 
 of calling out some more of the militia, but I 
 hoj)e it will be but for a short time. 
 
 (Signed) Henry Proctoe, 
 
 Cnloiwl Commanding . 
 
 True extracts. 
 
 Robert R. Lojiing, Captain, A. D. C. 
 
 Fort George, Februarj- 10, 1813. 
 Colonel Baynes, Adjutant General — 
 
 Sir: I have the honor to transmit for your 
 information a return of the troops, regulars, 
 militia, marine and Indian department who 
 were engaged at Frenchtown on the River 
 Raisin on the 22d January, 18LS, with a state- 
 ment of the killed and wounded. 
 
 A return of the re-enforcements that left this 
 post on the 2d inst. to join Colonel Proctor at 
 Amherstburg, is herewith enclosed. I avail 
 mj'self of this opportunity to inform j-ou that 
 Brigadier General Winchester, with about 
 twenty officers, arrived here two daj'S since, 
 and with the exception of the General, a few 
 field officers and his personal staff, they have 
 been allowed to go over to the American side 
 on their parole; those remaining are merely 
 detained until his Excellency's pleasure shall 
 
CORRESPONDENCE OF COLONEL PROCTOR. 
 
 70 
 
 be known. I liavo the honor to be, sir, youi 
 obedient humble servant, I. B. Gleuo, 
 Captain, Acting B. M. 
 
 Heaixjuartkus, Janiuny 31, ISKi. 
 Dr. McKechen — 
 
 Sir: You will proceed with the two men 
 who are to attend you, to the River Eaisin, 
 bearin<( a Hag of truce. The object of your trip 
 is to ascertain the situation of the wounded 
 which were left, as it is said, at that place. If 
 a British officer should be there you will de- 
 liver him the letter with which you are charged, 
 and proceed to give such assistance to the sick 
 as the}- may need and you be able to procure. 
 You are furnished with §100 in gold for the pur- 
 pose. Should there be no British officer on the 
 River Raisin, you will proceed toward Maiden 
 until 3'ou meet with one, unless there should be 
 great danger from the Indians. Indeed, it is my 
 wish that you should go on to Maiden, if you 
 arc permitted to do so, to bring dispatches 
 from General AVinchester, or the senior officer 
 remaining with our prisoners. If your pro- 
 fessional services are wanted with the w^ounded, 
 j'ou will remain with them and send back the 
 two men to bring me an account of your pro- 
 ceedings. I am, respectfully, your obedient 
 .servant, 
 
 (Signed) \Vm. IIk.nkv Harkison. 
 
 To His Excellency, Sir George Provost, Baronet, 
 Captain General and Governor-in- Chief in 
 and over the Province of Lower Canada, Up- 
 per Canada, etc., etc.: 
 
 The memorial of a number of the principal 
 inhabitants residing within the western Dis- 
 trict of the Province of Ujiper Canada, most 
 respectful!}- represents: 
 
 That the post of Amhcrstburg is oi the utmost 
 im|)ortancc in the defense of the Province, 
 and that if the enemy should become pos.sessed 
 thereof, the Province would become an easy 
 conquest. 
 
 That the late acquisition of the Territory of 
 Michigan, by giving us the entire possession of 
 the strait, and removing the enemy to a 
 greater distance, must be attended with the 
 grcalcsi advantage, as well toward the more 
 
 easy defense of the Province as in commercial 
 and other benefits to his Majestj^'s subjects. 
 
 That the posts of Amherstburg and Detroit 
 are the keys of the western countries, and their 
 loss would in great measure deprive his 
 Majesty of the aid of the Indian tribes, and also 
 render them an easy prey to their implacable 
 enemies. 
 
 That the aid of the Indians is of infinite im- 
 portance to the success of his Majest3'''s arms 
 in these parts; but your memorialists beg leave 
 to observe that they are thinly scattered over 
 immense tracts of land and throu'gh immense 
 forests, and from their necessities as well as 
 their habits, they cannotlong continue together 
 in large bodies, and that therefore an occasional 
 aid only from them can be depended on. 
 
 That the States of Ohio, Kentacky,Tenne,s8ee 
 and others which border on the Indian lands 
 are large and very populous, and that the 
 American Government and commanders are 
 resorting to every means to conciliate, intimi- 
 date and divide the different tribes. 
 
 That the Americans have already- opt'ned 
 several roads leading through the Indian lands 
 towards Detroit, and have strongi}' fortified 
 themselves adjacent to the newly acquired Ter- 
 ritory of Michigan, within one day's march of 
 the River Au.x Raisins and fift}' miles of Am- 
 herstburg. 
 
 That as well to unite the Indians and com- 
 mand their respect for us as to secure the ports 
 of Amherstburg and Detroit, and thereby in 
 great measure the Pi'oviace at large, and occa- 
 sionally to co-operate with them, 3'our memo- 
 rialists deem it essentially necessarj' that a con- 
 siderable regular force shouUl be immediatelj- 
 stationed at tho.se ))orts. 
 
 Your memorialists also beg leave to observe 
 that the late General Brock was so well con- 
 vinced of the absolute necessitj' of a consider- 
 able regular force being stationed in this 
 quarter, that he repeatedly declared to several 
 of your memorialists that at least 1,600 men 
 should be stationed at Amherstburg alone. 
 That from the want of such a force, the militia 
 of the district having been kept absent from 
 their agricultural concerns, a very large pro- 
 portion of th<' last year's crops was destroyed, 
 and that very little wheat was .sown last fall, 
 which will jiroduco a groat scarcity during the 
 coming season. 
 
 That this evil can alone be palliated by suf- 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 feriiiy the inhabitants as much as possible to 
 remain on their farms and raise spring crops 
 of Indian corn, oats, etc. 
 
 Wherefore your memorialists humbly pray 
 that your Excellency will be pleased to take 
 the premises into your consideration, and af- 
 ford the country such relief as your Excellency 
 in your wisdom shall deem expedient, and j'our 
 memorialists as in duty bound shall ever pi-ay. 
 
 (Signed) Thomas Cai.hwell, Captain. 
 
 and forty-six inhabitants. 
 Sandwich, Febi-uary 20, 1813. 
 
 Sandwich, May 14, 1813. 
 Captain McDonall, Quebec — 
 
 My Dear Sir: I shall not say anything to 
 you respecting our visit to Mr. Harrison or of 
 what passed between us ; McLean will fully 
 inform j'ou of the j)articulars. If his Excel- 
 lency approves I shall be much gratified. I 
 am just sending off an express to Mr. Dickson, 
 and have also to write to Niagara. You will be 
 much surprised to hear that I have received 
 only half of the Forty-First Regiment. If his 
 Excellency does not interfere I shall be kept 
 so ueak as to tempt the enemj' forward. If Sir 
 Geoi'ge's intentions had been fulfilled I could 
 venture to ensure the safety of this flank for some 
 months at least. Should I be left to the con- 
 
 sideration of any person but Sir George, this 
 district will be entered also. You will learn 
 from McTjean that I can not with safety use 
 the militia. I should be much gratified il 
 Colonel Elliot, from his ago and long service, 
 wa.s permitted to retire on his full pay. Ho is 
 past seventy, I have understood near eighty. 
 1 have the pleasure to acquaint you that Te- 
 cumseh and his people are settling on the River 
 Huron between the River Raisin and Detroit ; 
 the Pottawatomies twenty miles higher up 
 that river, and the Ottawason the River Rouge 
 between the Huron and Detroit, and that I 
 have ordered the Indian department to Detroit, 
 which will make the Territory completely an 
 Indian country, and render its conquest still 
 more difficult, if not impossible, if I can have 
 a due proportion of regulars, for I repeat it, 
 they cannot be dispensed with. We ai'e anx- 
 iously looking to the Lower Province. 1 hope 
 the fleet is at hand. Our tars will soon set 
 things to rights on the lower lake, when York 
 must fall to the right owners, though I sup- 
 pose the enemy are fortifying themselves there, 
 which maj' cause us much trouble and lose us 
 many lives. Excu.se haste. Mrs. and Miss 
 Proctor desire their best compliments, and 
 Harry begs to bo kindly remembered to you. 
 I remain, etc., 
 
 Henry Proctor. 
 
CORRESPONDENCE OF COI.ONEI. PROCTOR. 
 
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CHAPTER IX. 
 
 MONROE COUNTY VETKRANS OF THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 THE resident survivors of the War of 1812 
 were early in June, 1871, by a publislied 
 card ■ in the Monroe city papei-s, invited by 
 Joseph Guyor to assemble at his residence as 
 his guests, on what was known as Guyor's 
 Island, the present site of the Monroe Marsh 
 Club-house, two miles east of Monroe. In 
 response to the invitation, on the 15th of 
 June, nineteen survivors of the battle of 
 the Eiver Eaisin made their appearance, ac- 
 companied by a number of the citizens of 
 Monroe. A banquet was prepared in honor of 
 the old heroes, and a cordial welcome tendered 
 the guests by the Hon. Heman J. Redfiold, 
 mayor of the city, who was followed by addresses 
 bj' General George A. Custer, Colonel I. R. 
 Grosvenor, Colonel Luce, and others. The after- 
 noon was plea.santly passed in recounting the 
 scenes, trials and hardships of the war, inter- 
 spersed with anecdotes of a local character. A 
 copy of the photograj^h of the survivors, taken 
 on Guyor's Island, appears on the opjjosite 
 page. 
 
 The occasion was so thoroughly enjo3"ed by 
 the guests that a suggestion was made and 
 cordially received that ample preparations for 
 the sixtietli anniversary of the battle of Eiver 
 Eaisin should be made the following year, and 
 that general invitations should be extended by 
 correspondence and published notices in the 
 newspapers of Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee, 
 to all the survivors of the battle of the River 
 Ilaisin. It was afterward determined, as the 
 anniversary would occur at such an inclement 
 season of the j-ear that few of the old survivors 
 could attend from such a distance, to hold a 
 convention on the following 4th of July, lS7"i. 
 The names and ages of the veterans were as 
 follows : 
 
 Beseau, John, 80. Lazarre, Franci.s, 82. 
 
 Boroff, F.jlOOyrs. 7 mos.Mason, Henry, 79. 
 Clap])er, John, 76. Nadeau, James B., 77. 
 
 I)e Chovin, Jean, 77. JNavarre, Peter, 82. 
 
 Deland, Hall, 75. Navarre, Robert F., SO. 
 
 French, Bronson, 82. Van Felt, David, 80. 
 
 Foulke, Joseph, SO. Walters, William, 88. 
 
 Guyor, Joseph, 88. Whelpley, Thomas, 7:!. 
 
 Hixon, Charles, 7(). Younglove, George, 77. 
 Jacobs, Louis, Of!. 
 
 Peter Navarre and Eobert Navarre con- 
 tinued to reside in this vicinity until ihcir 
 deaths. Frank BorofF, the centenarian, was 
 born in Pennsylvania in 1770. The united 
 ages of the group were 1,158 years — the aver- 
 age being nearly 90 years. 
 
 The pleasure derived at this assembly gave 
 rise to extensive ^^reparations for welcoming to 
 the old battle grounds the survivors of the War 
 of 1812. July 4, 1872, 121 veterans of Harri- 
 son's army, serving at Fort Meigs and else- 
 where in this section during the War of 1812, 
 responded in person to the invitations. 
 
 The arrangements for celebrating the 4th in 
 Monroe, in connection with a grand re-union 
 of the veterans of 1812, and the pioneers of the 
 Eaisin vallej^, were fully completed on the night 
 of the 3d, and everything gave promise of a 
 large crowd and a successful celebration. The 
 evening train from the south brought a large 
 delegation of veterans from Kentucky and 
 Ohio, some seventy-five in number, with repre- 
 sentatives of the Kentucky press, accompanied 
 by General G. A. Custer, one of the members 
 of the Committee of Invitation. These were 
 met at Toledo by other members of the Com- 
 mittee of Invitation, and on their arrival at 
 Monroe Junction were received by the Com- 
 mittee of Reception, headed by the Monroe 
 band, and were escorted in carriages to the 
 Young Ladies' Seminary, where arrangements 
 had been made for their comfort while tarrying 
 among us. Among this "goodlie companic '' 
 of venerable patriarchs were General Leslie 
 Combs, of Kentuckj', aged seventy-eight. Gen- 
 eral Samuel Williams, of Kentucky, who bore 
 a conspicuous part in the war of 1812, aged 
 
 [82] 
 
VETKRANS OF THE WAR OF l8l2. 
 
 83 
 
 iiinoty-uiie, and Henry Ctaitlier, of Cincinnati, 
 aged eighty-two. 
 
 The morning of the 4th opened a little cloudy 
 and cooler than the preceding da\-, giving 
 j)romi9e of the best of weather for the festivi- 
 ties of the daj'; and though the middle of the 
 day proved warmer than was necessarj' for 
 comfort, j-et very little comiilainl could reason- 
 ably be made on that score. 
 
 Tiietlay was ushered in with a national salute 
 of tiiirtj^-eight guns at sunrise, fired from the 
 military encampment, in the west grove, and 
 tiie gun was fired every five minutes while the 
 ]irocession was moving. 
 
 The Committee of Arrangements had made 
 ample jii-eparations in Noble's Grove, east of 
 Washington street, for the ceremonies and the 
 ban(juet. A large stand, with raised seats, had 
 been erected, witii a stand for the speakers, and 
 tables sufficient to seat 1,000 people were ar- 
 ranged in a hollow sq\iare, under the spreading 
 boughs, at a short distance from the grand stand. 
 
 At the entrance to the grove an arch of ever- 
 greens was erected, on which was the motto, 
 '■ Welcome, brave defenders," and anotiier and 
 larger triumphal arch was erected over Wash- 
 ington street, at the public squai'o. with the 
 motto, "Welcome, veterans." This arch was 
 covered with evergreens, and tastefully decora- 
 ted with shields, flags, etc. Many of the busi- 
 ness blocks and private i-esidences, especially 
 along the line of march of the procession, were 
 hand.somely decorated with the national colors, 
 evergreens, mottoes, streamers, flags and ban- 
 ners. 
 
 At an early hour the people from the country 
 came flocking in, by wagon loads, on horseback 
 and on foot, and before the arrival of any of 
 the trains, the streets seemed crowded with 
 people. The first train from the north brought 
 the National Guanls of Detroit, Governor Bald- 
 win, Judge Campbell, Hon. C. C. Trowbridge, 
 Hon. Levi Bishop, Judge Cooley, and other 
 celebrities. The train from the west brought 
 the Adrian Commander}' of Knights Templar, 
 and the tra-in from the south brought Mayor 
 Jones, Ex- Mayor Kraus, the Toledo Cadets, 
 with thousands of people to join in the festivi- 
 ties of the day. 
 
 The procession commenced to move soon after 
 eleven o'clock, and was formed as follows, 
 headed by General George Sjjalding, Chief 
 Marshal : 
 
 Chief of Police. 
 Cliief Marslial and Aids. 
 
 F1R.ST DIVISIO.N. 
 
 Colonel I. R. Grosvenor, Marslial. 
 
 Monroe City Band. 
 
 National Guards, of Detroit. 
 
 Monroe I>ight Guards. 
 
 Toledo Cadets. 
 
 SECOND DIVISION. 
 
 Colonel C. Luce, Marshal. 
 
 Martial Band. 
 
 Adrian Comniandery, Knights Teiiiphir. 
 
 Monroe Comniandery, Knights Templar. 
 
 THIRD DIVISION-. 
 
 Flat Rock Band. 
 Monroe Fire Department— Captain 1". W: 
 Engineer. 
 
 irf, Chief 
 
 FOIRTH DIVISION. 
 
 Charles F. Frank, Marshal. 
 St. .To.seph's Benevolent Society, of Monroe. 
 German Workinginen's Society, of Monroe. 
 
 I'IFTH DIVISION. 
 
 Major S.W. Curtis, Marslial. 
 Pioneers "f the Raisin Valley to the miiiilier of loO. 
 
 .SLVTII DIVISION. 
 
 Major J. G. McBride, Marshal. 
 Veterans of the War of LSI 2 in carriages. 
 
 SEVENTH DIVISION. 
 
 The Hon. Thomas Doyle, Marshal. 
 Citizens in carriages. 
 
 The National Guanls of Detroit made a fine 
 appearance, and the Toledo Cadets (a company 
 of mere lads) attracted much attention during 
 the entire day, for their soldierly bearing and 
 generally excellent behavior. The Knights 
 Templar, too, were an attractive feature of 
 the procession. The route of the procession 
 was from the corner of First and Macomb 
 streets, north to Elm avenue, thence west to 
 Monroe street, thence south to Front, thence 
 west to Cass, thence south to Seventh, thence 
 east to Monroe, thence north to Front, thence 
 east to Washington, thence south to the grove. 
 
 As the procession passed the Monroe street 
 cemetery, where the Kentuckians who fell at 
 the battle of the Kiver llaisiii arc buried, it 
 halted, and the bands played a dirge, the flags 
 were drooped, the military came to a " shoulder 
 arms," the Knights Tem]dar made the ".salute" 
 of their order, and the veterans and citizens 
 generally uncovered. 
 
 A short distance from the entrance to the 
 grove a reviewing stand had been crecteil, 
 where Governor Baldwin, the orator and dis- 
 
84 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tinguished guests, and the officers of the day, 
 reviewed the procession as it passed. 
 
 Arriving at the grove, the organizations 
 formed in open order, and tiie veterans and in- 
 vited guests passed to the grand stand with 
 appropriate military honors. 
 
 The grand stand was erected with the tim- 
 bers, phinlcs and 1)oards from the recent resi- 
 dence of Dr. A. I. Sawj-er, which was the 
 building in uliich General Winchester had his 
 headquarters at tiie time of the celebrated battle 
 and massacre of the Raisin, January, 1813. 
 
 After the veterans and guests hud been seated 
 and tiie assemblage was called to order, the 
 Hon. Warner Wing, president of the day, de- 
 livered the following opening address: 
 
 " Fellow Citizens : It has been customaiy 
 with all nations to perpetuate the memory of 
 great events, either by the erection of temples, 
 monuments, triumphal arches, statues, or the 
 gathering of the people together on stated 
 daj-s. Such events are not unfrequentl3' the 
 glorious achievements of armies, the death of 
 great men who have been public benefactors, 
 the destruction of cities or of nations. 
 
 " Should a stranger from foreign lands come 
 among us tliis day and inquire what means 
 this great gathering of the people from every 
 part of our land, and why this great excite- 
 ment, let him know tiiat ninety-six years ago 
 this day our foi-efathers, who were colonists 
 from England, after struggling long with the 
 injustice of the home government, and finding 
 their burdens greater than they could bear, 
 threw off their colonial dependence, renounced 
 all allegiance to the parent government, and 
 made and published to the world a declaration 
 of their independence ; to the support of which 
 they. ]jledged their fortunes, their lives and 
 their sacred honor, by whicii the connection of 
 the colonies with the parent government was 
 forever severed and they were left free to 
 govern themselves, and free to worship God as 
 they pleased ; and this freedom is the common 
 heritage of every citizen of these United Stntes. 
 
 " We have met together on this 4th day of 
 July, the anniversarj' of our Nation's inde])eu- 
 dence, to exchange friendly greetings with each 
 other; to receive and take by the hand, and 
 render thanksgiving and homage to our soldiers 
 of many \var.s, who have so gloriously fouL;ht 
 the battles of our common country, and signally 
 aided in redeeming the solemn pledge which 
 
 our fathers gave; and, above all, to render 
 thanks to God that notwithstanding all the 
 sore trials through which our Nation has passed, 
 our liberties have been preserved to us — that 
 this land is a sure refuge to the oppressed and 
 down-trodden of all nations, and is in very 
 deed 'the land of the free and the home of the 
 brave.' 
 
 "I will not enlarge on any of these topics. 
 To the orator of the day is assigned the duty 
 and the honor of rehearsing to you the story 
 of our revolutionary struggles, and of sketch- 
 ing the history of our National and State Gov- 
 ernments, and of the legislation by which our 
 civil rights are defended and protected, having 
 their foundations deep in the hearts of the people. 
 
 "To another is ai5.signed the pleasing duty 
 of addressing (for u.s) the war-worn veterans 
 who have gathered with us from many a dis- 
 tant State of this Republic, and who at the call 
 of our rulers in the hour of adversitj- and peril 
 — actuated by feelings of patriotism — rushed 
 to the front and bore back the invading enemy 
 of our country, and finally triumphed glori- 
 ously, in which triumjih and glory we claim 
 an honorable part. He will greet them in our 
 be'nalf with a cordial welcome. He will express 
 to them our joy at being able to meet them 
 hei'c on the ground where they fought, and 
 some of them shed their blood, and where their 
 comrades and some of their brothers laid down 
 their lives in defense of this (then) frontier. It 
 is the ground where other soldiers, now present, 
 at a later period, at the call of our late Presi- 
 dent, first enlisted under our National banner, 
 and joined that great army— 600,000 strong — 
 and marched to many a field of battle. They 
 fought to repel a great wrong and to establish 
 and perjjetuate a great good, and by their 
 courage and the blessing of God they achieved 
 victorj^ and saved our country from anarchj-, 
 and aided to jjlace on a more firm foundation 
 our liberties and our institutions, under which 
 every living being is noic ,free. Our orator will 
 welcome them to our festive board, to the hos- 
 jDitalities of our houses, and to our hearts — 
 and ma\' we learn from the absence of many a 
 loved one who laid down his life for us, and 
 from the scars and wounds of those present, 
 what is the price of liberty. 
 
 "There is also committed to another the 
 reading of the Declaration of Independence — 
 the palladium of our liberties. And as we 
 
VETERANS OK THE WAR OF l8l2. 
 
 85 
 
 listen to its masterly statomoiits, embodying 
 the principles of civil libertj", and especially to 
 the closing personal pledge of those who signed 
 it. may we all realize that not alone upon those 
 honored delegates was the ])ledgo binding — 
 by their act and deed we arc also bound to 
 maintain and perpetuate what they pledged 
 themselves and their constituents to observe 
 and maintain. 
 
 •'AVe have recently passed through a deso- 
 lating civil war. Peace now reigns in all our 
 borders. The Ship of State seems to be put on 
 its true course under full and flowing sails. 
 We are greatly increased in wealth, and with 
 it we may e.xpect its usual concomitants — cor- 
 rupt counsels and a low state of morals — re- 
 quiring of every lover of his country and its 
 institutions, increased watchfulness, knowing 
 that eternal vigilance is the price of liberty. 
 
 " We have met under the sound of our cannon 
 and with many imposing cereuionies, to bo ac- 
 companied with the singing of anthems and 
 our merry song of Yankee Doodle, which to 
 those who are not well acquainted with Amer- 
 ican character, maj* savor of frivolity and 
 thoughtlessness. Well, suppose it does — we 
 are free, and wo have the right lo do as we 
 please on this, our Fourth of July, our Inde- 
 pendence Day. We choose to be merry now 
 and wise afterwards — therefore we are not 
 afraid to sing this song as expressive of our 
 happy light-heartedness ; but let cavilers and 
 our enemies beware when they hear their own 
 national music on the decks of our war ships, 
 or at the head of our armies, as they move to 
 battle — it will then have a different meaning 
 and will then be a warning to all, and espe- 
 cially to our enemies, that our soldiers and 
 sailors are terriblj' in earnest. It will then 
 mean fight, not fun. 
 
 "When we shall have concluded our cere- 
 monies, maj- no one of us fail of being impressed 
 with the solemn conviction that as we enjoy 
 so many b!essinL;s we are under renewed obli- 
 gation to guard with scrupulous vigilance, in- 
 stitutions which have secured and will secure 
 the continuance of them to us and to our pos- 
 terity. Let us resolve, in the words of the old 
 NMiig, that 
 
 ■ We freemen will live, we freemen will die, 
 This oath we'll renew on each Fourth of July." 
 
 The President's address was followed bj' the 
 singing of the "Red, White and Blue," by a 
 
 chorus of 150 voices, young men and young 
 ladies of the city, led by Professor C. C. Zeus, 
 and accompanied b}- the orchestra. This fea- 
 tui-e was a great success, and reflected credit 
 upon those who conceived it and carried it out. 
 
 Pra^'cr was then offered bj- the Rev. C. W. 
 Fitch, U. S. A., Chaplain of Fort Wayne. 
 
 After the prayer the choir sang " America," 
 and Mayor Kedfield being introduced, delivered 
 the following address of welcome: 
 
 " \"eteran Volunteers, Pio.neeks and 
 Gi'ESTs: It is appointed to me as the execu- 
 tive officer of this ancient and honorable town 
 — in the name of the Floral City and all its 
 people — to thank you for the honor of your 
 presence and in their name to bid you a hearty 
 welcome and a most earnest and joyous greet- 
 ing. 
 
 " Above all woi-ds of mine this groat con- 
 course of the people of the State — its high 
 officials, its eminent jurists, its pioneers and 
 j-comanry, its honored mothers and young 
 men and maidens — speaks a welcome, based 
 upon gratitude and affection, spontaneous, deep 
 and genuine, and warrants me in embracing 
 the name of the State of Michigan in our wel- 
 come. The day itself in all its pleasant char- 
 acter—every branch and leaf above dip and 
 whisper their gladness at your coming. The 
 united melody of our historic lake and river 
 greets you. Every plank and timber in this 
 platform, which in that cold dismal winter of 
 1813 formed the walls within which Winches- 
 ter surrendered, seem to vibrate with the story 
 of that terrible tragedy, when Proctor fled, 
 leaving j'our companions to be massacred with 
 pitiless ferocity'. [Cheers.] 
 
 " The uncompleted history of that scene and 
 of those days welcomes you to this place and 
 demands its vindication through you to-day in 
 this, that the war was carried on and the Fed- 
 eral Government supported b}' volunteers alone, 
 from June, 1.S12, to October, 1814; and that in 
 all that time the only assistance vve had ujion 
 this frontier was from Ohio, Kentuck\- and 
 other Southern States, while Northern and 
 Eastern States held back from the contest, 
 even until after this and the New York frontier 
 had been desolated and laid waste, and the 
 capital of the Nation was sacked and burned. 
 [Cheers.J 
 
 "And this celebration and this welcome and 
 these facts are dues to the memory of those 
 
86 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 brave men who fought, and to the memory of 
 their brave comrades who left their bones on 
 the Miami, the Raisin and the Thames. From 
 these groves and fields and from the graves of 
 those 300 victims of the slaughter come a sad 
 anil solemn welcome to these old coni|)anions 
 and comrades. 
 
 " Welcome to you of Kentucky, who in our 
 day and youth, baptized as the ' dark and 
 bloody ground,' — from sav.-ige cruel tj' ; in your 
 old age again denoted ' the dark and bloody 
 ground ' in a contest for the Nation's life. 
 Welcome, and thank God that \-ou are permit- 
 ted to pass over the river of the Ohio no longer 
 a vexed and fettered boundary of institutions 
 social, domestic, or municipal, antagonistic to 
 Christianity, and that where you encountered 
 in your earl\' march the wild forest and still 
 wilder savage, flourishing towns and cities and 
 fruitful fields delight to meet and welcome you. 
 The lonely line of the Hull Road is to-day a 
 great highway of travel and one succession of 
 fertile farms. The seat of Winchester's camp 
 is there before you ; behold its spires, its towers, 
 its broad fields and busy life. All around you 
 in earnest devotion behold its generous people. 
 [Cheers.] Beside j-ou are the noble band of 
 pioneers whose strong will and sturdy arms 
 have caused this tlieir wilderness to blossom 
 into such rich profusion, and they from their 
 hearts do welcome j'ou. And so as they and 
 all of us in our daily round of life-carea, duties 
 and memories, think of the past and of you, we 
 remember, that the battle cry of Kentuckj' and 
 Ohio, under Green Clay at Fort Meigs, the 
 gallant Croghan at Sandusky, Harrison at the 
 Thames, Jackson at New Orleans and in ever^' 
 field was. Remember the River Raisin. We, of 
 Monroe, all honor to him whose patriotic heart 
 and liberal hand gave impulse, have caught up 
 the slogan of your youth and day ; we will re- 
 member the River Raisin and have resolved in 
 your presence, over the graves of fallen braves, 
 to pledge that veneration for 30ur toils and 
 sacrifices still lives with us, that gratitude to 
 you and all the fathers of the Republic is as 
 strong, quick and deep a sentiment with us as 
 with our fathers. And so remembering the 
 River Raisin, and you' and your dead in our 
 care and keeping, we will build a monument. 
 [Cheers.] 
 
 " We know that in the larger sense we can 
 not dedicate — we can not consecrate — we can 
 
 not hallow this ground. The bravo men who 
 died, and jou patriots who struggled here, 
 have consecrated it far above our power to add 
 or detract. The world will little heed nor re- 
 member what we say here, but it will never 
 forget what they did here. It is therefore for 
 us to bo dedicated to the task before us; and 
 four years from this day, with the blessing of 
 God, upon the one-hundredth anniversary of 
 American independence, we will complete our 
 welcome and perpetuate our gratitude in an 
 enduring monument, and once more gather 
 you in who are left, and bid you to behold our 
 finished work. In memory of the River Raisin 
 upon its northern face^in letters large and 
 deep and lasting — so we may read : 
 
 "This is for the blood that was shed for 
 us by Southern heroes in defense of a com- 
 mon country against a foreign foe and savage 
 allies. 
 
 "And upon its other face, looking out over 
 all the sunny South : This in remembrance of 
 blood that w'as shed for all — that which was 
 saved from the condition of dependent colonies 
 in the first war — and preserved for us by you 
 in 1812, was not lost through sedition, privy 
 conspiracy and rebellion." [Cheers.] 
 
 General Leslie Combs, of Kentucky', was 
 then introduced, who replied on behalf of the 
 visitors, and made a very happy and telling- 
 speech. He narrated many incidents of the 
 War of 1812 connected with the camjjaign of 
 General Harrison and the movements of Gen- 
 eral Winchester, in many of which he took a 
 personal and active part, and some of which 
 have never been placed on historic record. In 
 all of these movements the brave sons of Ken- 
 tucky bore conspicuous and honorable part. 
 General Combs was frequently interrupted by 
 vociferous cheers, and his remarks were listened 
 to with close attention. 
 
 During General Combs' remarks he made 
 some pleasant allusions to General S. L. Wil- 
 liams, and to the prominent part he took in 
 the campaign under General Harrison; when 
 General Williams was called for by the audi- 
 ence, and as the veteran arose from his seat on 
 the speaker's platform, he was greeted with 
 prolonged and furious applause and cheers. 
 
 The roll of veterans was then called by Gen- 
 eral Custer, each one rising in his seat and 
 answering to his name. The following is the 
 list, with their ages : 
 
VETERANS OF THE WAR OF l8r2. 
 
 87 
 
 Armstrong, .las. I{..K5 
 Armstrong, S. J., 84. 
 B«xll, Lewi.s, 79. 
 Barrett, .lo.s. C, 7S. 
 Baiite, Peter, 81. 
 Boall, Leoiianl, 75. 
 Beach, Lewis, 7!t. 
 Benson, E. W., 75. 
 Beseau, John B., SI. 
 Bisnelt, Joseph, 7!t. 
 Bittinger, llcnry, 7S 
 Blanchanl, S., 77. 
 Bolivur, Tlios., 70. 
 Boroir, Fre.i , 10 U. 
 liortine, Benson L.,79. 
 Burns, Andrew, 77. 
 Carrick, Robert, 77. 
 Clappei-, Jolin, 77. 
 Clusin, Jas., 85. 
 Couseign, A. C, 82. 
 Combs, Ijeslie, 78. 
 Correy, Jas., 75. 
 Craddock, J. G., 84. 
 Crawford, Alex., 81. 
 Crawford, A. B., 82. 
 Curtis, Alvah, 7li. 
 Curtis, Dr., 78. 
 l)avi.s, Henry, 82. 
 Davis, H M., 79. 
 Davis, Thos. A., 83. 
 Davis, AV. B., 81. 
 DehuKl Hall, 7ti. 
 Dewese, Samuel, 80. 
 Drayor, W. L., 82. 
 Duncan, Jere., 80. 
 Ivldlcnian, Aaron, 81. 
 Ewalt, Joseph, 87. 
 Foulke, Joseph, 83. 
 French, Brown, 8I-5. 
 Fultzna, Isaac C, 74. 
 Caither, Henry, 82. 
 Ganarke, Simeon, 82. 
 Gebhart, John, 78. 
 Gibson, Mattiiew, 83. 
 Goatney, Robt. S., 82. 
 Goodrigiit, Michael, 78. 
 Goodwin, J. K., 80. 
 Grant, L. V.. 77. 
 Guj'or, Jose[il), 85. 
 Hall, C, 77. 
 Hall, Jcscph, 88. 
 Hamilton, Wm., 80. 
 Har-vey, James, 80. 
 
 Johnson, Moore, 77. 
 Jones, Thomas, 80. 
 Kirk, James, 83. 
 Kolfu.ss, J. W., 77. 
 Ijaforge, John B., 7(5. 
 Lewis, Shubael, 70. 
 Lindsley, Thos., 83. 
 Locke, W. R., 79. 
 Love, James Y., 74. 
 McChesney, David, 79. 
 McDowell, J. C, 78. 
 McGoodwin, J. C, 80. 
 McLean, John B., 77. 
 McLock, Francis, 78. 
 McNain, C. H., 84. 
 MeXain, Chas., 85. 
 McNeil, Robert, 77. 
 McVa}', Solomon, 7(!. 
 Martin, John, 75. 
 Mason, Henry, 80. 
 Mount, Thos., 78. 
 Moyer, X., 77. 
 MulhoUen, John, 75. 
 Xadeau, J. B., 77. 
 Xavarre, Ale.v., 82. 
 Xavarre, Nap., 81. 
 Navarre, Peter, 86. 
 Nedmore, Perry, 82. 
 Parker, J. C, 77. 
 Pasko, A. A., 78. 
 Pendleton, Edward, 84. 
 Pen wick, James, 78. 
 Postwood, John, 84. 
 Puller, B. J., 81. 
 Quinsberry, Roger, 79. 
 Reid, J. C.', 75. 
 Ressenet, Isaac C, 79. 
 Rogers, J. R., 80. 
 Root, John, 78. 
 Rowell, F., 77. 
 Sautour, Francis, 7(>. 
 Shafer, William, 89. 
 Shapiiie, George, 84. 
 Shearer, Jona., 76. 
 Suano, Louis, 89. 
 Talbot, Oliver, 79. 
 Thomasson, J. P., 74. 
 \'an Aiken, .Simon, 82. 
 V'ance, Joseph, 84. 
 Vanderwalker, Jas., 82. 
 Van Pelt, David, 91. 
 Verkies, Joseph, 82. 
 Walters, W., 78. 
 
 Warring, Edward, 79. 
 Webster, Larken, 80. 
 Whelpley, Thos., 97. 
 Williams, Elisha, 86. 
 Williams, Sam. L., 91. 
 Younglove, Geo., 79. 
 Younglove, Jas., 74. 
 
 Hayes, D. S., 72. 
 Helwig, Daniel, 82. 
 Hixson, W. D., 91. 
 Hoi I J', Jesse, 72. 
 Hudnut, E. P., 78. 
 Ivor, Charles, 77. 
 Jacobs, Louis, 97. 
 Jameson, John, 70, 
 
 When the name of Frederick Borolf, who 
 resides in Bedford, Monroe county, was called, 
 and his age announced (101 years and 6 
 months), calls were made from all parts of the 
 crowd that he should show himself; and as the 
 old veteran, comparatively smart, climbed up- 
 on his seat, three hearty cheers were given 
 him, and a shower of bouquets began to fall 
 around and among the veterans, and on the 
 speaker's platform, from the ladies of the 
 orchestra, until it seemed that the veteran s(jl- 
 diers were fairlj- covered with flowers. 
 
 After more music by the orchestra, Hon. 
 Edwin Willits announced that owing to the 
 lateness of the hour, and the proceedfngs \-et 
 to follow, he would road only a portion of the 
 Declaration of Independence. He then reail 
 in a clear and distinct voice, a portion of this 
 time-honored instrument, and after more music, 
 the Hon. James V. Campbell was introduced, 
 who delivered the oration. Judge Campbell 
 recounted in a very happy and felicitous man- 
 ner manj' of the events preceding the War of 
 1812, with facts and incidents concerning the 
 war, as relating especially to the operations in 
 Michigan, Northern Ohio, and Canada. The 
 oration was listened to with marked attention 
 and eagerness by the graj-haired veterans who 
 clustered ai'ound the speaker, and who seemed 
 to drink in every word with great satisfaction. 
 
 As the oration was quite lengthy we omit 
 the major part of it, giving the closing portion, 
 merely, as follows : 
 
 "Now, after more than half a century-, we 
 meet here beside the Raisin and in sight of the 
 scene of Perry's victory, to recall those event- 
 ful times, and to honor those who fought there. 
 
 "On the lake that was then almost solitary, 
 the waves that roll over the place of the battle 
 are disturbed bj' the keels of laden vessels, 
 bearing heavy and costly freights of timber, 
 and grain, and merchandise. The lonely bay 
 that sheltered Perry's fleet is girt about with 
 fair houses and green vineyards, and thronged 
 by thousands in search of health anil rest. This 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 field of blood, that was then too far off for suc- 
 cor, is passed by heavy trains that i-each the 
 sea in one circuit of the sun. The great North- 
 west had then less people than any one out of 
 scores of its pleasant cities has now. This 
 State of Michigan, that owed its deliverance to 
 a few thousand volunteers from Ohio and Ken- 
 tuck}", has sent out more than ninety thousand 
 of its citizen soldiers, to defend the Union 
 which those generous helpers then maintained. 
 
 " It is with great pride, and with thankful 
 remembrance, that we find represented in our 
 gathering here the powerful States of that 
 ancient Territory, meeting in this corner of the 
 old homestead, and joining us in commemorat- 
 ing the perils and triumphs of the past. They 
 had their share in the charges, and they have 
 inherited a full share of the glory. 
 
 " The pious care of Kentucky- has reclaimed 
 the precious remains of her children that hal- 
 lowed our soil, but the land they died for can 
 never forget them. And the heroes of those 
 days have not all departed. The soldiers of 
 this generation, assembled here in force, give 
 homage to-day to the veterans who taught 
 them how to fight, and made this land worth 
 fighting for. They have seen their country 
 tried by wor.se trials than foreign wars, and 
 have seen the contending hosts fall back as 
 they did into the ranks of citizens, and restored 
 to the industries of Peace. They see yet a land 
 of freedom under law, and a people able, when 
 thej' choose, to enforce their will. The people 
 of Michigan rejoice to honor all those whose 
 valor and sacrifices secured this pleasant land 
 under the protecting care of the Union. 
 
 " Soldiers of the War of 1812, worthy fol- 
 lowers of the men of 1776, accept our homage ! 
 Ma}' you live many long years to remind our 
 children bow freedom is gained, and how she 
 is guarded. 
 
 " To J'ou, our welcome guest.s, whose courtesy 
 has again brought Kentucky to Michigan, we 
 offer our warmest greetings on this spot, which 
 will ever be as sacred to you as to us. Its 
 memories recall to you friends and kinsmen, 
 who.se loss made sorrow through all your 
 households. To us they ai'e the glorified mem- 
 ories of martyrs, who died in our behalf, and 
 not for themselves. May their 82)irit still live 
 where their bodies perished ! And may the 
 gracious Power that maketh men to be of one 
 mind in an house, bind the elder and the 
 
 younger sister in unbroken union, till those 
 dark days are lost in hoary antiquity, and 
 those heroes shine out of the far-off past like 
 stars in the firmament. 
 
 " Time may destroy the gathered wealth, 
 the great works of commerce and enterprise. 
 But the chronicles of freedom are written in 
 characters of light that will last undimmed 
 through all ages." 
 
 After the oration, and singing of the "Star 
 Spangled Banner," the veterans and the guests 
 were escorted to the tables, which were bounti- 
 full}' loaded with all the substantials and deli- 
 cacies which heart could wish, provided by the 
 ladies of this city, and guests were waited iijion 
 with every attention by the young ladies, until 
 the wants of the inner man were full}" su])- 
 plied. After the substantials of the feast had 
 been partaken of by about 1,500 people, the 
 tables were liberally supplied with pure native 
 wines of Monroe manufacture, supplied by the 
 Point de Pean Wine Co., and the regular 
 toasts were offered and responded to as follows : 
 
 1. " The Day Wo Celebrate "— Eesponse by 
 J. J. Adams, of Lenawee. 
 
 2. " Washington " — The world honors the 
 man who conquered his own ambition to give 
 freedom to the continent. Response by Judge 
 Patchin, of Detroit. 
 
 3. " The Statesmen and Heroes of 1776 " — 
 The founders of a system of government that 
 makes ours a powerful continental Republic 
 for the good of the world, if in our political 
 advice we imitate their integrity. Response 
 by Hon. B. G. Morton, of Monroe. 
 
 4. " The Veterans of 1812 " -Their march 
 to victory was not by Pullman palace cars, but 
 through dense forests, di'agging their cannon 
 with weary marches; yet they conquered at 
 Tippecanoe, Fort Meigs and the Thames, and 
 said to the world on Lake Erie, " We have met 
 the enemy and they are ours." Response by 
 General Leslie Combs, of Kentucky. 
 
 5. " The Brave Men Who Perished in the 
 Massacre at the River Raisin in 1813" — They 
 still live in our hearts. Let us erect a monu- 
 ment to their memor}", that they may live in 
 the hearts of our children's children. They 
 made the city of Monroe memorable in history 
 by their devotion to their country. Response 
 by Hon. C. C. Trowbridge, of Detroit. 
 
 6. " Old Kentucky '' — Once the dark and 
 bloody battle ground, whose heroes fell alike 
 
 I 
 
VETERANS OF THE WAR OF l8l2. 
 
 80 
 
 at Tipi)ec-anoo, the River Raisin, l-'ort ^fcig9. 
 the Thames and at New Orleans; always the 
 same good and brave old Kentucky. Response 
 by Hon. W. P. Thomason, of Kentucky. 
 
 7. " Ohio " — The eldest of the galaxy of the 
 Northwest; bright as ever; may her luster 
 never die. Response by Maj-or Jones, of Toledo. 
 
 8. " Michigan "— No less eminent for her 
 commerce, agricultural and mineral resources 
 than for her intelligent and liberal sj^stem of 
 education and public charities. Response by 
 Governor Baldwin, of Detroit. 
 
 9. " Detroit " — The oldest city in the North- 
 west ; an honor to the State for her intelligence 
 and sterling worth and her connection with 
 the pioneer history of the lakes, especially with 
 tiie River Jlaisin. Response by Hon. Levi 
 Bishop, who read his poem entitled the -'Bat- 
 tle of the River Raisin." 
 
 10. "No Nortli, no South, no Atlantic, Pacific 
 nor Western States, but our country, our whole 
 countrj' and nothing but our country ; would 
 that she w'ere ever right; but right or wrong, 
 our country, sacred, tangible and unprofaned 
 forever." Response by Chief Justice Campbell, 
 of the Supreme Court of Michigan. 
 
 11. "The American Press" — Independent, 
 enterprising and intelligent, it distributes 
 knowledge and the spirit of freedom through- 
 out the length and breadth of the land, afford- 
 ing the best evidence and guarantee of her in- 
 stitutions. Response by C. Waggoner, of the 
 Toledo Commercial. 
 
 12. "Our Regular Army" — Though small 
 in number j-et eminent in services, gallant in 
 spirit, the educated intelligence that guides 
 and instructs the patriotic zeal of a nation in 
 its defense. Response by General Custer. 
 
 13. "The Sir Knights of the Order of the 
 Knights Templar " — The light shineth in dark- 
 ness, and the darkness comprehendeth it not. 
 Response by Dr. A. I. Sawyer, of Monroe. 
 
 14. •■ Sackett's Harbor" — One of the turn- 
 ing jtoints of 1812. Response by (Jeneral 
 Joseph W. Brown, of (Meveland. 
 
 15. "Civil and Religious Liberty"— Re- 
 sponse by Dr. Curtis, of Cincinnati. 
 
 16. "Our Foreign-born Citizens" — Re- 
 sponse by ex-Maj-or Kraus, of Toledo. 
 
 The .Monroe Commandery of Knights Temp- 
 lar ])repared a sumptuous repast at their hall 
 on Washington street, to which after the exer- 
 cises at the grove, they invited the Knights 
 Templar from abroad, and many other guests 
 and citizens. Their tables were spread with 
 every luxury, and their guests were feasted, 
 toasted and made merry to an entirely satisfac- 
 tory degree. 
 
 A quantity of fireworks were provided, to be 
 sent off in the grove in the evening, but owing 
 to an untoward accident the most and the best 
 of them were destroyed. In sending off a re- 
 volving rocket, it discharged directly into the 
 box containing the best pieces, and these were 
 thereby prematurely discharged and destroyed. 
 It was a great wonder that the accident did not 
 result in serious damage to those who were en- 
 gaged in sending off the fireworks, but luckily 
 no one was injured. 
 
 Many of the guests fi'om abroad left on the 
 earlier trains, and the late trains were literally 
 alive with people, taking away the bulk of 
 those who had united in the festivities of the 
 day. We heard of not a single accident 
 throughout the day, atid as a whole, exceeding 
 good order and decorum was maintained 
 through all ourstreets. Probably not less than 
 20,0(10 people were in the city, participating in 
 the commemorative festivities, which will long 
 be remembered hy the old veterans and pio- 
 neers, as one of the happiest of their lives. 
 The\- all expressed themselves highly pleased 
 and flattered with the reception given them, 
 the provisions made for their comfort, and 
 with the general arrangements for the occasion. 
 
 On Friday morning the veterans were es- 
 corted to the depot, and left for home, profuse 
 in their thanks to the citizens of Monroe for 
 conceiving and getting up the re-union and 
 celebration. 
 
 Preparations hail been made for taking in 
 groups the veterans and prisoners, and they 
 were assembled on the porticoes of the semin- 
 ary for that purpose. But the daguerrean 
 artist failed to meet his appointment promptly, 
 and their patience being exhausted they dis- 
 persed ; hence the failure to secure the pictures 
 as desired. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 GENERAL LEWIS CASS. 
 
 THE record of the deeds of an iiuliviilunl 
 who by his own personal effort, the energy 
 of his spirit and force of his talents, has raised 
 himself to a conspicuous and prominent posi- 
 tion among his countrymen, is the best incen- 
 ti\e that the young men of our country can 
 have placed before thein. General Lewis Cass 
 has risen from the station of the humblest 
 citizen to that of one of the first statesmen of 
 his country, scarcely less known and celebrated 
 among the great powers of Europe than in his 
 own country, and wherever known command- 
 ing attention, esteem and respect. 
 
 He was borii at Exeter, New Hampshire, 
 October 9, 1782. His father was a practical 
 mechanic, and at the commencement of the 
 Revolutionary War was industriously jJursuing 
 his occupation in a quiet New Hampshire 
 village, but the first shot that proclaimed hos- 
 tilities between the mother country "and the 
 colonies awakened his patriotism. He Joined 
 the army of patriots on the day after the battle 
 of Lexington, and served under General Wash- 
 ington in the most memorable contests of the 
 war. His services were rewarded with a 
 major's commission in Wayne's army. At the 
 close of the war he settled down on the Mus- 
 kingum River, where he died respected by all, 
 having been permitted to witness the rising 
 greatness of his son Lewis, who at the time of 
 his father's death had been for thirteen year.s 
 Governor of the Territory of Michigan. 
 
 The foundation of the education of Lewis 
 Cass was laid at the Exeter Academy, where he 
 received a classical education of a high order. 
 He applied himself studiously to the acquire- 
 ment of knowledge, and in a short time was 
 qualified to take charge of the Wilmington 
 Academy, at Wilmington, Delaware. He re- 
 mained at the head of this institution until we 
 find him at the age of seventeen, in the year 
 1799, crossing the Alleghenieson foot, carrjnng 
 hisknapsack, and seeking unaided and without 
 
 the helj) of wealth or power a new home in the 
 wilderness of Ohio. He located at Marietta, 
 then a small settlement at the mouth of the 
 Muskingum. Here he commenced the study 
 of the law, and entered upon its practice. At 
 the bar he acquired a reputation which j)laced 
 him among the eminent lawyers of the West. 
 His fame as a lawyer spread through the 
 country, and the unfortunate pioneer who be- 
 came entangled in the meshes of the law looked 
 upon his release as certain if he could secure 
 the advocacy of Lewis Cass. 
 
 At the age of twenty-five he was elected to 
 the Legislature of Ohio, then just admitted as 
 a State. Here he was no less conspicuous for his 
 jjowers, both as a speaker and writer. He was 
 2)laced at the head of important committees, 
 and though the youngest member of the House 
 of Representatives was regarded as the leader 
 of his part}'. 
 
 The detection and exposure of the conspii'acy 
 of Aaron Burr brought the young legislator 
 into more conspicuous notice, and made his 
 name and patriotism objects of national inter- 
 est. Ohio was then, in 1806, the scene of Aaron 
 Burr's incipient oj)erations. His progress was 
 arrested by the ])rompt and decisive action of 
 Mr. Cass, who drew up the law which ]nit an 
 end to Burr's designs. The Legislature of 
 Ohio forwarded President Jefferson an address 
 on the occasion written by Mr. Cass, which is 
 replete with the noblest sentiments than can 
 animate the bo.som of an American citizen. 
 
 In 1807 President Jefferson appointed Mr. 
 Cass Marshal of Ohio, in which capacity he 
 served until the year 1811, when the Indians, 
 instigated by the British officers at Maiden in 
 Canada, attempted the recovery of the lands 
 they had ceded to the Americans by treaty, 
 and attacked the American camp on the Wa- 
 bash. Mr. Cass was one of the foremost who 
 reached Dayton, the place of rendezvous. Here 
 he was by acclamation elected colonel of the 
 
 [90] 
 
 II 
 
GENERAI. LEWIS CASS. 
 
 91 
 
 Tliinl Hogiment of Ohio Voliiiiteers. In an- 
 ticipation of the War of 1812, a call was made 
 oil the Governor of Ohio for a draft of militia 
 and volunteers for the service of the United 
 States. Colonel Kingsbury, of the First Regi- 
 ment of United States Infimtrj', was designated 
 as the commander of the force, and was ordered 
 to Washington to receive his instructions. 
 Sickness at that j)lace prevented his assuming 
 the post, and General William Hull, who had 
 ac(|uircd a high rei)utation in the Revolution- 
 ary War, and who was then at Washington, 
 
 liarncd,to Colonel Sylvester Lariied of Detroit 
 in 181515, with the promise it should not be made 
 public until the last survivor should die. The 
 last survivor was David (Joopcr of Detroit, 
 many years ago. 
 
 After the death of Mr. Cooper, Colonel Syl- 
 vester Larned placed the original Round Robin 
 in the possession of lion. B. F. II. Witherell, 
 President of the Detroit Historical Society, and 
 it cannot now bo found. 
 
 Tiiis conspiracy was defeated by tiie perfidy 
 of one of the number. 
 
 •^ONDROe/;V 
 
 l^e, signers hereto, a§ree to seise General j-i'ull and 
 depose him from commaqd, and to defeqd the ^ort 
 at all hazards. 
 
 C; 
 
 Davui Coopeh. 
 
 Eli,iot Gray. 
 
 Labby Campat 
 
 Joseph Campav. 
 
 Gabriel Godfrey. 
 
 La Cuyer. 
 
 was appointed brigadier-general, and was as- In April, 1812, under the order of Governor 
 
 signed to the command of the Northwestern Meigs, the militia were in a very short time pre- 
 
 Armj'. (Jeneral Hull was at that time civil pared to march, and were to rendezvous at 
 
 Governor of the Territory of Michigan. Dayton. Tiie Third Regiment of Ohio militia 
 
 This Round Robin, signed by General Lewis and volunteers was commanded by Colonel 
 
 Cass, Charles Larned and seventy-eight others, Lewis Cass. For his participation in the war 
 
 was given by his father, (Jeneral Charles that soon followed, the reader is I'eferred to 
 
92 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the chapters under the head of " The "War of 
 1812." 
 
 Lewis Cass was the second Governor of the 
 Territory of Michigan. As its executive he 
 governed wisely for seventeen years, taking 
 the position in I&IH and continuing until 1830. 
 His sword has helped to win freedom to the 
 great Northwest. He was the fifth citizen to 
 represent the young State in the Senate of the 
 Nation, and in that high station he served for 
 twelve years. He was called to the cabinet of 
 President Jackson, and held the portfolio of 
 war four j'ears, and was then transferred to the 
 French court as envoy extraordinary and min- 
 ister plenij)otentiary, which j^lace he graced 
 for six years. His wisdom and discretion 
 prevented trouble between the two countries, 
 and restored friendly relations. While at this 
 post he prevented the ratification of the Quin- 
 
 tuple treaty, and thereby proiiibited the estab- 
 lishment of the rightof search on the high seas, 
 so strenuou.sly asserted b}- England. As Sec- 
 retary of State he served nearly four years, re- 
 signing in the year 18G1, a few weeks prior to 
 the close of the administration of President 
 Buchanan. 
 
 The official life of Lewis Cass embraces a 
 period of fifty -seven yeai's of service as legis- 
 lator, soldier, executive, cabinet officer, and 
 diplomat. But one citizen, John Quiney Adams, 
 exceeded that length of service. 
 
 Although he was approaching the age of life 
 when shadows foretell the nearness of evening, 
 his days were prolonged that he might see the 
 flag for which he had given his early manhood 
 triumphant, the Union he had loved so well re- 
 established, and again form one of the main 
 bulwarks of our civilization. 
 
 II 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 UK If; RAP HIES OF RESIDKNTS ON TH K KIVER RAISIN PRIOR I'O THE WAR OF 1812. 
 
 COLONEL FRANCIS NAVARRE. 
 ''pilK above gentleman, the first white settler 
 
 1 on the banks of the River Kaisin, was born 
 in Detroit in 17(37. His fatlier, Robert Navarre, 
 was of a family illustrious in the earl}- days of 
 the colonics. The family trace back in an un- 
 broken line their ancestry to Antoine de Bour- 
 bon, Duke de V'endome, fatlicr of Henry the 
 Fourth. His father, Robert Navarre, was a 
 veiy hand.some man, with courtly manners, 
 most engaging and charming in conversation, 
 and blessed like all tiie French of that period, 
 will) an exceptionally large familj-. 
 
 Francis and Marie (Suzor) Navarre were 
 married November 9, 1790. Their children 
 were : Robert F. Navarre, born Sej)teinber 2, 
 17111 ; marrieil Miss Du Chane, of Monroe. 
 Francis Navarre, born December 8,1792; mar- 
 ried Miss Mettez, of Monroe. David Navarre, 
 father of Frank Navarre, of Monroe, married 
 the daughter of Colonel Francis Lassclle, now 
 and for .so many j^ears connected with the Lake 
 Shore Railway. Victoria Navarre married Hon. 
 James J. Godfroy, of Monroe. Joseph tr. Na- 
 varre, born December;}, 1795; married Miss 
 Martin of Monroe. Marie Archango Navarre, 
 born April (>, 1794 ; Julia Navarre, born Decem- 
 ber 18, 179G ; Hessalette Navarre, born June 15, 
 1798; Paul or Perti Navarre; Rosellc Navarre. 
 Samuel Navarre had one son, Charles F.; and 
 two daughters, of whom the elder married 
 Charles Morris, of Monroe; the j'ounger Mr. 
 Res'.vick, of Toledo, connected with railroads. 
 
 Joseph fx. Navarre, fourth son of Colonel 
 I'^rancis, was intended by his father for the 
 priesthood, and spent seven years at the C^ath- 
 olic Institute at Bardstown, Kentucky, i)re- 
 paring for orders; but before completing his 
 studies for the priesthood, entered as a law 
 student the office of Hon. William Woodbridge, 
 of Detroit. While there he was called home 
 by the sickness and death of his father, and 
 was occupied a number of j'cars in administer- 
 
 ing and closing up the estate. He then 
 ceased pursuing his studies, settled upon the 
 farm south of and adjoining the city of Monroe ; 
 owned and occupied it up to the time of his 
 death, which farm is now owned and occupied 
 by his son, Alexander T. Navarre. Eliza Ann, 
 daughter of Joseph G., married John Brevoort, 
 of Detroit Mary T., daughter of Joseph G., 
 mai'ried John D. Machin, of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 J. B. F. Navarre, son of Joseph G., marrieil 
 Miss Sweet; entered the United States armj-; 
 was wounded at the battle of Bull Run ; was 
 bj- profession an engineer, attained prominence 
 in his profession, and at the time it was dis- 
 covered that the Washington Monument was 
 settling performed the wonderful enterprise of 
 laying the second foundation ; now resides at 
 Portland, Oregon. 
 
 Charles F. Navarre, grandson of Colonel 
 Francis, and son of Samuel, is a farmer resid- 
 ing in Washington Territory, and is owner of 
 a large ranch therein. 
 
 Ignatius, .son of Colonel Francis Navarre, 
 enlisted in the engineer department of the 
 United States army. When the War of the 
 Rebellion closed, he sought Washington Ter- 
 ritory for his future home ; followed his profes- 
 sion as a civil engineer; was many years en- 
 gaged in surveying the lands of the Territorj- — 
 studied and practiced law successfully, and 
 was honored for years with the office of Judge 
 of Probate. 
 
 Alexander Touissaiit Navari'e, grandson of 
 Colonel Francis Navarre and son of Joseph G. 
 Navarre, was born in Monroe, married Ma- 
 rietta, the daughter of Ezekiel A. Peltier, a 
 merchant of Monroe, May 5, 18(58; entered 
 the Union Army; remained therein twenty 
 months; has been honored with the office of 
 supervisor of Monroe a number of years ; has 
 also been elected treasurer of Monroe county, 
 and discharged the duties with credit to him.self 
 and his constituents, and now resides on the 
 
 [!I3] 
 
94 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ol<l lioiiies;tc:ul farm adjoining on the south the 
 city of Monroe. He has six children — Joseph 
 A., George W., Charles and Mary (twins), 
 Edith May and Leo John, all minors, residing 
 with their parents. 
 
 Colonel Francis Navarre, in the year 1780, 
 bargained for the right, title and interest of 
 the Pottawatomie tribe of Indians, represented 
 by five chiefs, to the farm on the south bank of 
 the Namet Cybi, so called by the Indians be- 
 cause of the great quantity of sturgeon caught 
 therein, but called by the French Eiver Aux 
 Eaisins (the French for grapes) from the pro- 
 fusion of grapevines which lined the banks of 
 the river on either side. As late as the years 
 184H and 1844 they were growing on the banks 
 west of Monroe, and in great profusion on the 
 Saline and Macon streams, tributary to the 
 River Raisin in the western part of the county, 
 where the forest trees had not yielded to the 
 woodman's axe, growing on the tops of the 
 tallest forest trees. Some of the vines were 
 from six to eight inches through. After climb- 
 ing to the tops of trees branches dropped to the 
 ground, which again took root and made a 
 perfect mat of vines, filled with clusters, and 
 annually before the '' vine casteth her fruit" 
 their ap])oarauco was highly picturesque. The 
 original deed executed by the Indian chiefs 
 was written in the French language, and is 
 yet in the hands of Alexander Navarre, one of 
 the grandchildren of Colonel Francis Navarre. 
 A translation into English I procured as a rare 
 curiosity, a copy of which is hereto annexed: 
 
 We, the principal chiefs of the village of the 
 Pottawatomies, to wit: Askiby, Mongo-agon, 
 Minguinan, and Ona-oniattenne, Nana-onito, 
 Sac-co-ni-binne, as well in our names as by 
 the consent of our village, declare that of our 
 good will we have conceded to Francis Navarre, 
 surnamed Tchigoy, and to James, his brother 
 (both our allies), all the extension of land 
 which belongs to us upon the bank of the 
 Eiver Raisin, formerly called Namet Cybi, 
 commencing to take from the river road (as 
 filed in court) to the end of the prairie, going up 
 the stream Namet Cybi, allowing more or less 
 twenty acres in width by eighty or one hun- 
 dred in depth ; the whole may be determined 
 by a line lengtliwise south and a league north 
 in width, going up the River Namet Cybi, in 
 order to possess on the whole in all propriety 
 and perpetuity by themselves and their repre- 
 
 sentatives. Jti f;iith and testimony of which we 
 have freely made our ordinary marks of signa- 
 ture in Detroit, June 3, 1785. 
 
 ASKIBV. 
 
 Ona-oni-attenne. 
 Sac-co-ni-binne. 
 
 MlNC.riNAN. 
 
 Nana-onito. 
 Charles Campeau. 
 Henemaruintemond. 
 
 In presence of the undersigned witness, Mr. 
 Pierre Labady has signed his ordinary mark 
 by a cross, the present contract countenanced. 
 Pierre DeCompt de Labapv. 
 
 This grant of land from the Indian tribe of 
 Pottawatomies was subsequently ratified by 
 Henry Bassett, commanding at Detroit, in 
 presence of (ieorge McDougall, and afterwards 
 confirmed by General Gage. 
 
 Two of his brothers, Robert, born in 17()4, 
 and Jacques, born in 1760, at Detroit, within 
 three years followed their brother Francis to 
 and settled upon the south bank of the River 
 Raisin, east of the farm of their brother. 
 
 Colonel Francis Navarre was one of the first 
 grand jurors at the first court held in French- 
 town, September 2, 1805 ; colonel in the War 
 of 1812 and 181.3, and what is a little remark- 
 able thirty-six Navarres were enlisted and 
 fought in his regiment. He built on his farm 
 the first log house erected ou the river, of 
 square hewn timber, fifty feet front, whicli was 
 the headquarters of Generals Wayne, Winches- 
 ter and St. Clair, and was occupied as head- 
 quarters by General Winchester at the time of 
 the massacre on the River Raisin in 1813, and 
 is now the site of the elegant mansion of Doctor 
 A. I. Sawj-er. 
 
 Colonel Navarre was thoroughly conversant 
 with the language, peculiar habits and mode of 
 wai'fare of the savages, and spoke with facility 
 and ease several of their languages. He was 
 captured at Brownstown, whither he had gone 
 in advance of Colonel Richard M. Johnson to 
 negotiate with the Indians; was taken as a 
 prisoner to Sandwich, but fortunately escaped. 
 He was the personal friend of Generals Wayne, 
 Winchester, St. Clair, Cass, McComb and 
 Judge Woodward, and his correspondence with 
 several of them has been preserved. It was 
 soon after his settlement on the River Raisin, 
 stated by some as in the year 1783 and by 
 
BIOORAPIITKS OK EARI.V SETTLERS. 
 
 otliers in l~S(!,tli;it ridiiit; ouliis Fcoiicli pony, 
 following the Indian trail, lie brought froiu Dc- 
 iroit several scions about the size of one's lit- 
 tle finger of tlie French pear, which trees have 
 since become famous for their delicious fruit. 
 A number of the trees are now vigorous and 
 healthy, annually yielding from thirtj^ to forty 
 bushels. 
 
 I have frequently listened with great interest 
 to tlic narratives of Robert, the eldest son of 
 Colonel Francis Navarro, of the incidents that 
 occurred at the time of the barbarous massacre 
 of the River Ilaisin in January, 1813. Then a 
 young man in his twenty-first year, he dis- 
 tinctly i-emcmbered being arouseil bj- his father 
 at midnight ; of going up the stairs and arous- 
 ing General Winchester and his staff, who were 
 somewhat bewildered, as they could distinctly 
 hear from the battle field the sharp crack of the 
 rifle, reports of musketry and booming of can- 
 non. The report that General Winchester, 
 with his officers, had, the evening previous to 
 the attack, retired from afrolic under the influ- 
 ence of liquor, aud were thereby incapacitated 
 for duty, is without foundation. The general 
 repaired in haste to the barn, leaving his uni- 
 form coat behind him in the house, mounted 
 Colonel Navarre's horse and rode to the field 
 of battle. 
 
 The night after the massacre Colonel Na 
 varrc dispatched hisson Robert, w-ith his mother 
 and eleven children, on a French train to De- 
 tioit for safety, the train being so crowded 
 that Robert rode with his feet braced on the 
 thills or shafts. As they passed the quarters 
 of Colonel Proctor on Sandy Creek, where 
 Proctor's forces encamped the first night after 
 the battle, he witnessed the drunken Indians 
 scal|)ing the wounded American prisoners and 
 their inhuman and barbarous manner of ac- 
 cdinplishing it — by cutting with a butcher 
 kiii'ea circle around the crown of the head, 
 and then pUuting one foot on the neck of the 
 ])riKoncr. with tlicir hands in the hail', by main 
 force peeling the scalp from the head. Thi.s* 
 Robert Navarre, who died in Monroe, was the 
 last of the survivors in our vicinity of the sol- 
 <liers of the War of 1812 and 1813. 
 
 1 am under great obligations to the treasurer 
 of our county, the Hon. Alexander Navarro, 
 the grandson of Colonel Francis Navarro, who 
 has in his possession the original files of the 
 a<'founts, statements and settlements between 
 
 him and merchants and fin- traders of those 
 early days. I was surprised, in perusing 
 them, to learn the vast amount of money rep- 
 resented therein, and to see the methodical 
 and accurate manner in which the statements 
 and accounts were kept, and the ver^^ neat 
 and legible handwriting, which would favor- 
 ably compare with the statements of the best 
 accountants of the present day. 
 
 Colonel Navarre was highly esteemed by 
 Governor St. Clair, General McComb, Gov- 
 ernor Ijcwis Cass, Judge Woodward and Gen- 
 eral Winchester, and a number more of dis- 
 tinguished men of his time, judging from the 
 commissions to him and the voluminous cor- 
 respondence with those gentlemen, which are 
 pervaded with very strong expressions of 
 friendship and great confidence in his patriot- 
 ism and bravery. Believing the j)erusal of a 
 small portion of them would interest the citi- 
 zens of Monroe, I have pi-ocured translations 
 of a small number and annex them hereto, with 
 a copy of the orignal letter written in English 
 by General Winchester to Colonel Francis 
 Navarre, in which he gives expression of grat- 
 itude and thanks to Mrs. Navarre for preserv- 
 ing his watch, spectacles aud pen-knife from 
 the general wreck and destruction of property', 
 on the morning of his tlefeat and hasty de- 
 parture from her hospitable home. 
 
 Lewin Cass, Governor of the Terrilory of Michiijan, to all 
 
 who shall see these presents, greetimi : 
 
 Know ye that reposing special trust and 
 confidence in the integrit}-, diligence and 
 ability of Francis Navarre, of the Count}- of 
 ilonroe, in the said Territorj^ of Michigan, 
 Ksquiro, I do herebj^ appoint him to be an 
 Associate Justice of the County Court of said 
 County of Monroe, in said Territory of Mich- 
 igan, and do authorize him to execute and ful- 
 fill the duties of that office according to law, 
 to have and to hold the said office with all 
 the powers, privileges and enioluments to the 
 same of right appertaining, from the day of the 
 date hereof, during tlie pleasure of the (iov- 
 ernor of Michigan for the time being. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have caused these 
 letters to be made and the seal of said Territory 
 of Michigan to behereunto affixed. Given under 
 my hand at Detroit, in the Terrilory aforesaid. 
 
96 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 this U)th day of July, 1817, and of the inde- 
 pendence of the United States the forty-second. 
 By the Governor : Lew. Cass. 
 
 \Vm. WOODBRIDOE, 
 
 Secretary of Michigan. 
 
 Territory of Michigan, ) 
 
 District of Monroe. f 
 
 Personally appeared before me, the under- 
 signed, the within named Francis Navarro, 
 and took the oath of office prescribed bj' law. 
 Laurent Dlirocher, J. P. D. M. 
 
 iliVER Raisin, August, A. D. 1817 
 
 Headquarters, Detroit, July 13, 181ti. 
 To Colonel Francis S'avarrc: 
 
 Sir: On due consideration I am of opinion 
 that we cannot get on with the road without 
 the assistance of some person well acquainted 
 with the topography of the country, and I have 
 thought that no person is so well qualified as 
 yourself to guide and direct the trace of the 
 contemplated route. 
 
 I shall be glad to know if j'ou will under- 
 take to mai'k out the line and afford your 
 counsel and advice. For this service a liberal 
 allowance will be made. 
 
 Please to inform me as soon as convenient if 
 you can render the services required by this 
 communication. 
 
 With great consideration I have the honor 
 to be, sir, your most obedient and very humble 
 servant, General Alex. McComb. 
 
 Detroit, February 10, 1814. 
 Colonel Francis Navarre: 
 
 Dear Sir: On receipt of this you may set 
 out for Camp Meigs with ten trains. There 
 was on the 14th instant seventy horse loads 
 that arrived at that place and as many more 
 were expected there the next day. Should j'ou 
 not have flour for all the ten sleighs, load them 
 ■with cannon ball or boxes of canister that is at 
 Camp Meigs. Yours, etc., 
 
 James McCloskey, 
 A. D. to the General. 
 
 Lewis Cass, Governor in and over the Territory of Michi- 
 gan, to all to whom these presenix shall come, greetine/: 
 
 Know ye, that reposing especial trust and 
 confidence in the valor, patriotism, fidelity and 
 
 abilities of Francis Navarre, 1 have ajipointed 
 him Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant in the 
 Second Regiment of Militia. Ho is, therefore, 
 carefully and diligently to discharge the 
 duties of that appointment by doing and per- 
 forming all manner of things thereuntobelong- 
 ing, and I do strictly charge and require all 
 officers and soldiers under his command to be 
 obedient to his orders as a lieutenant-colonel 
 commandant, and he is to observe and follow 
 such orders and directions as ho shall receive 
 from time to time from the President of the 
 United States of America, or the Governor of 
 the Territory of Michigan for the time being, 
 or general or other superior officers set over 
 him according to the law and militaiy discipline. 
 This commission to continue in force during 
 the pleasure of the Governor of Michigan for 
 the time being. 
 
 In testimony whereof, I have caused these 
 letters to be made patent, and the seal of the 
 Territoiy to be thereunto affixed. Given under 
 my hand, at the city of Detroit, this sixteenth 
 day of December, A. D. 1813, and of the inde- 
 pendence of the United States of America the 
 thirty-eighth. 
 
 By the Governor: Lev*'. Cass. 
 
 Extract of letter written to Robert Navarre 
 from Jesse P. Green, who fought at the battle 
 of River Raisin in January-, 1813: 
 
 Harrison County, Kentucky, ) 
 May 12, 1825. f 
 To Colonel Robert Nararrr, River Raisin : 
 
 Beloved Friend: I am ever mindful of 
 your kind, benevolent and charitable services 
 at the River Raisin, though years have passed 
 since our last interview. 
 
 It would afford me great pleasure to meet 
 you and your ai,'ed father and mother. I can 
 never think of them but with sentiments of 
 gratitude for their kind services rendered me 
 at their hospitable home. I have had the 
 'pleasure of seeing your brother, Joseph G. 
 Navarre, in Kentuckj-. Saytoyour fatherand 
 mother he is a gentleman of great promise, and 
 will, doubtless, from his high sentiments and 
 superior abilities, prove an ornament to Mich- 
 igan Territory. .Say also to j'our father that 
 his .services in the defense of his country, and 
 hospitality' and kindness to the sons of Ken- 
 tucky, will be gratefully remembered ; that if 
 
 1 
 
BIOr.RArHIES Ol" KARKY SETTLERS. 
 
 97 
 
 he shouUl ever come to Kentuckj- he would 
 find himself in the midst of a host of friends. 
 I have not received a replj* to my letter to 
 him. lie maj- have failed to receive it, as you 
 had no jicstoffice at Monroe. 
 
 Your affectionate fi'iend, 
 
 .Iksse p. Green. 
 
 Captain Franci.s Navarre, J uslice of the Peace 
 in and for the County of Wayne, enters for 
 taxation a tract of land eontainini^ 708 arponts 
 or French acres, of second rate ((uality, which 
 tract of land the said Francis Navarre and 
 James Navarre, his brother, received as a gift 
 from the chiefs of the Pottawatomie Nation in 
 1795, together with the farms ou which James 
 Navarre, Isadore Navarre and George Mc- 
 Dougall now reside, making in the whole 2,400 
 arpents, or French acres, in front, by 120 in 
 depth, as may appear by the Indian deed 
 thereof, deposited by the said Francis Navarre 
 in the hands of the late Major-General Anthony 
 Wayne while at the treat}- of Greenville in 
 August, 1793, the which he has lately au- 
 thorized Mr. Jonathan Schiefilin to obtain 
 back from the heirs of said Major-tioncral 
 Wayne. 
 
 Said Francis Navarre hereb}' confirms to 
 and quits claiming in any Tnanner whatever, 
 all his rights to the aforesaid farms of James 
 and Isadore Navarre and (feorge McDougall, 
 having presented the two first to his said 
 brothers, and allowed Colonel Chabert to re- 
 ceive afterwards, as a gift of the said Indians, 
 the farm on which the said George McDougall 
 now resides, which ho purchased from said 
 Colonel Chabert and afterwards settled. The 
 said tract which Francis Navarre has reserved 
 to himself as aforesaid, and is now entered 
 for taxation, is situated on the River Raisin, in 
 the county of Wayne, and bounded as follows: 
 Five arpents and nine poles in front, beginning 
 on the west by a stone fi.xed in the division 
 line between the said farm and the farm of 
 George McDougall, and on the west by another 
 stone, with pieces of glass, between the said farm 
 and the farm of Isadore Navarre, running in 
 depth from thence 120 arpents in a parallelo- 
 gram south, thirty degrees westerly. 
 
 River Raisin, November 13, 1798. 
 
 Tekkitorv of the U.srrKD State.s Nokthwest ( 
 
 OF THE KivER Ohio, Wayne, f "" 
 
 Francis Navarre and Joseph Jobin, Esrjuircs, two nf the 
 Justices aasigned In keep the peace witliin and for the 
 mid count;/ of Wayne, to the Sheriff of mid county, 
 greeting : 
 
 Summon Francois Vallequet, of the township 
 of Sergeanv, in the said county of Wayne, 
 yeoman, to appear before us, at the house of 
 Francis Navarre, Esq., in .said county, upon 
 the 25th day of April instant, at ten o'clock in 
 the forenoon of the same day, then and there 
 to answer to and defend against the complaint 
 of George McDougall and George Meldrum to 
 us exhibited, wherein they complain that the 
 said Francois Vallequet, on the 8th day of April 
 instant, at River Aux Sauble, in Sergeant town- 
 ship, in the said county of Wayne.with force and 
 arms and with a strong hand, did unlawfully 
 and forcibly enter into and ujjon a tract of 
 land of them, the said George Meldrum and 
 George McDougall, in the said township of Ser- 
 geant, on the River Aux Sauble aforesaid, con- 
 taining 120 acres, French measure, being part 
 and parcel of a certain tract of land of them, 
 the said Meldrum and McDougall, of 4,00(t 
 acres, bounded as foUowSjViz. : Southerly on the 
 said River Aux Sauble, northerly and westerly 
 on the lands of said Meldrum and McDougall, 
 and easterly on the lands of said Meldrum and 
 McDougall, now in possession of Joseph Porlea 
 Benac; and them, the said Meldrum and .Mc- 
 Dougall, with force and arms and a strong 
 hand, as aforesaid, did expel and unlawfully 
 put out of possession ; and them, the said Mel- 
 drum and McDougall, does unlawfully and 
 unjustly and with a strong hand deforce and 
 still keep out of possession of the same. And 
 3-ou are to make to us a return of this summons 
 and your proceedings thereon on or helcre the 
 said day. 
 
 Witness our hands and seals the 15tli day of 
 April, A. D. 1799. 
 
 Fr. Navarre, / Jiisticrs of the 
 Joseph Johin, \ Peace. 
 
 I have made service of the within summons 
 by leaving a cop\' with the defendant this day. 
 Lewis Bond, Sheriff. 
 April IC. 179'.i. 
 
 Copy of letter from (ieneral Winchester to 
 Colonel Francis Navarre, French town : 
 
98 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 State of Tennesske, [ 
 Cairo, ISth February, ISKl. ( 
 
 Cohmcl Franck Navarre: 
 
 Dear Sir: Your favor of the ISthofNovembei- 
 last (lid not roach me until ycstcrda}-, though I 
 had ])rcviousl3- received from Colonel Anderson 
 a letter on the same subject, and without loss of 
 time sent to his address at Washington a state- 
 ment of facts to the best of my recollection, re- 
 lating to the public property as well as my 
 baggage, which was in your house on the 
 fatal 22d of January, 18i:5, I regret the em- 
 barrassments which Colonel Anderson impru- 
 dently and improperly got himself into in 
 Washington, and sincerely hope it will not 
 operate against the just claims of the peojile at 
 Eiver Eaisin. I feel mj-self very much obliged 
 to Madam Navai-re for preserving ni}- watch, 
 spectacles and pen-knife from the general 
 wreck and destruction of propert}- on the 
 morning of my defeat. 
 
 Can you give me any information concerning 
 my papers and books? Some few of them 
 were in my trunk at your house, but the most 
 of them in a trunk on the other side of the 
 river. I should like to know if tiiese papers 
 fell into the hands of the Indians or the British. 
 Present my respects to Madam Navarre, and 
 accept for yourself the consideration of the 
 regard of your obedient servant, 
 
 Winchester. 
 
 Mailed February 23d ; received March 21, 
 1816 Postage, 25 cents. 
 
 Detroit, June lUh, 1821. 
 To Mr. Francis Navarre: 
 
 My Dear Friend and Relation: The new 
 arrangement which has taken ])lace in our 
 army calls me out of this country to go to 
 Washington. This circumstance alone Ikis 
 been able to separate me from a great number 
 of friends and relations who are dear, and to 
 whom I am sincerely attached. As long as I 
 have had the honor of commanding upon these 
 frontiers I am constantly obliged to maintain 
 peace between our neighbors, as much in Can- 
 ada as with the savages; and my onlj' aim has 
 been to protect all citizens and guarantee to 
 them their rightsand privileges. Theold French 
 inhabitants have been the continual object of 
 my attention and solicitude — above all that 
 they arc ignorant of their own rights, and the 
 
 jirinciples which form the base of our Ameri- 
 can Government. The Congress of the United 
 States has extended to the inhabitants of Mich- 
 igan Territory its friendship and protection, in 
 publishing laws to assure them of the posses- 
 sion of their lands, which were dependingupon 
 uncertain titles, which at present have been 
 confirmed with true pi'opriety in a com])lete 
 and legal manner. It is a great misfortune 
 that amongst the Canadians are found so many 
 who cannot read or write. The acquisition of 
 these first princij)les of education is an indis- 
 pensable necessity to everj- American citizen. 
 Without these principles one can not be luUj' 
 apprised of the daily impi'ovements; to know 
 the la^vs which are published in the papers for 
 the advantage of all ; and above all, be able to 
 keep his own accounts and govern his own 
 affairs It is also essential to know the English 
 language, because the acts of government and 
 courts of justice are printed in that lan- 
 guage. I would urge you, therefore, jDarticularly, 
 that all the descendants of Francis should 
 teach their children the English and French 
 languages. The advantage of speaking them 
 both would be veiy great, because thoj- arc 
 used daily in the most ordinary details of life. 
 Besides that, the knowledge of several lan- 
 guages has always been regarded by people of 
 the world, even the most polished, as a very 
 great accomplishment. The French of Michi- 
 gan Territory are always noticed for their 
 polite, gentle and engaging manners. These 
 virtues, if I may call them such, contribute 
 much to distinguish a peoj)le and prove in them 
 a degree of civilization which is appreciated, 
 justly, by all persons of enlightenment and in- 
 struction. At the same time I should be de- 
 ceiving j'ou if I did not tell you that the in- 
 habitants of this Territoiy are much inferior 
 to the rest of their fellow-citizens of the United 
 States in point of arts and sciences; and above 
 all in agriculture, which is not regarded as the 
 least oceujJation by which men may support 
 themselves. The reason of it is simple, and 
 the blame cannot be thrown upon the inhabit- 
 ants. It should be attributed only to the pecu- 
 liar situation in which they have been jDlaced, 
 even since the first establishment of the coun- 
 try. Neither the Government which inaugu- 
 rated these first colonies, nor the English who 
 have succeeded that Government, have dreamed 
 of making of them an agricultural people. 
 
nioGRAriiiKs or eari.v settlers. 
 
 09 
 
 Tlicy Iwivc boon trrtiisphuited only to licl]! in 
 the fur trade, and in this branch of commorce 
 the Canadians surpass all others; but now that 
 the population advances (and tliat by the 
 means of the wise and equitable administra- 
 tion of the United States), the settlements in- 
 ci-ease, and the people take a character and an 
 attitude which presages a great destiny, it be- 
 comes us to form some just claims, and to 
 know all that can interest its honor and inde- 
 pendence. The French ought to frequent the 
 courts where the laws are discussed, and assist 
 in tiie election of all their officers, and in this 
 way learn to hold gcnei-al assemblies, and how 
 to conduct public affairs. Ever}- American 
 citizen ought to know how to use his rights 
 and privileges that assure to him his title of 
 citizenship. This is why it is the duty of each 
 man to acquaint himself with laws, in order to 
 vote, and give his opinion on all occasions 
 which interest him — himself in particular 
 as well as the public in general as a nation. 
 It is thusthatone willcome to know the merits 
 of our e.\cclleut constitution, and that the ad- 
 vantages which result therefrom will be appre- 
 ciated in a general and sensible manner. Be- 
 sides all these ties that we possess or enjoy we 
 ought to count the religious liberty of each 
 man being able to worshij) God according to 
 the dictates of his own conscience, and live 
 peaceably in the religion of his fathers. The 
 social commerce established between good and 
 virtuous men ought not to be interrupted bj' 
 any religious dissension. In our day such 
 disputes are regarded as unworthj- of this en- 
 lightened century in which we live. Formerly 
 things were not the same, and for want of equal 
 dispositions among Christians, all was con- 
 fusion and was the cause of the schism which 
 dismembered the old church. For a long time 
 disorder reigned; but to day such dissensions 
 are suppressed, and virtuous persons of all 
 classes and all sects are generally esteemed 
 and respected. It is also the duty of every man 
 to follow strictly the religion of his ancestors, 
 to cherish it and to have it observed in his 
 family, for no house should be divided against 
 itself upon such an important subject. Without 
 religion there is nothing for men, neither sen- 
 timent nor honor. No one can rel}' on their 
 word — their oath is null. Thus you see, my 
 dear friend, the price of religion, and how im- 
 portant it is to our happiness on earth and to 
 
 our future life. 1 will not dwell longer u]ion 
 this subject, because I believe that the inhabit- 
 ants of this country are always remarkable for 
 their strict attachment to their religious duties, 
 as well as their gentle and kind manners to- 
 wards each other. In considering the jjarticu- 
 lar situation in which the old inhabitants of 
 this country' are found |)laced, one would be- 
 lieve that they have not made much effort to 
 aid anv government in particular, if one ex- 
 cepts their first masters; but in examining 
 with attention and diving into my searches, 1 
 have discovered with great satisfaction that 
 the French people have always been faithful 
 to the Government and hasten to defend its 
 firesides and altars. The late war (considered 
 in its true light) will give to the inhabitants of 
 the Territory of Michigan (whatever their rank 
 may be) a right to the protection and esteem 
 of the American Government. Few persons 
 know the critical situation of this country since 
 the last war. Their zeal and eagerness to 
 pluck out from the hands of the Indians the un- 
 fortunate victims of the Eiver Kaisin (and 
 some other rights) will always be a sufficient 
 title to attract the gratitude of posterity. The 
 reclamations or claims that you have made to 
 the Government for the losses you have sus- 
 tained during the last war, have been, it is true, 
 put off from one session to another, in spite of 
 the efforts of our delegates to put them forward; 
 but all these delays must not di.scourage you, 
 for, although "justice moves with slow steps, it 
 is none the less sure." If your claims are such 
 as they should be to be paid by the Govern- 
 ment, the}- will not be refused ; but still one 
 must not expect all the damages experienced 
 during the war to be liquidated bj- the United 
 States. Such an enterprise w^ould cause nec- 
 essarily the ruin of' the richest country on 
 earth. The depredations committed by our 
 soldiers, the property seized or destroyed by 
 the enemy because it was occupied by our 
 troops, the articles furnished for the use of the 
 army, either for subsistence or for the quarter- 
 master department ; all these different things 
 have been included amongst the oVyects which 
 the Government ought to pay. All the claims 
 whicli have had their sup])ort in unexception- 
 able certificates, have been reimbursed. A 
 confused arrangement of all the accounts that 
 might be presented would exhaust the treasury, 
 and would be exposing the honest ami timid 
 
100 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 citizen, who would rather lose all his rights 
 under the Government than to have the States 
 made bankrupt. The Government only de- 
 mands sure proofs of the justice of the claims 
 in order to pay as far as its means will permit. 
 I am going to leave here on the first steam- 
 boat for the seat of Government. If it is in 
 my power, t»v my influence, while in the city, 
 to contribute to the advancement of the in- 
 terests of the inhabitants of Michigan, no one 
 will find me lacking in zeal and activity, as far 
 as my intellectual faculties will permit me, to 
 see that justice is rendered in an impartial 
 manner. It is with the greatest regret that I 
 leave a country which is dear on so manj' ac- 
 counts, above all, when I reflect that I shall be 
 .separated from numerous friends, who have 
 shown such affection for myself and family. 
 However, my duty calls and I must go. Adieu, 
 my dear friend, and please remember me to 
 your wife and children, and mj^ friends on all 
 sides. Believe me always your devoted and 
 sincere friend and relative, 
 
 Alex. McUomb, Nepheir. 
 
 Cincinnati, March 10, 1800. 
 
 To Mr. Nnvarre : 
 
 It is a long time since I received the letter 
 that you have done me the honor to write on 
 the 17th of last January. Tliis is the first op- 
 portunity I have found to reply. 
 
 I am very sorry, Monsieur, in sjiite of the 
 cause. Monsieur, that it has deprived me of the 
 jvleasure of seeing you here. No excuse, cer- 
 tainly, is necessai-y for having restored the 
 representatives to other hands, and in truth, 
 Monsieur, a trip to Cincinnati, in the middle 
 of winter, might be a little too much for you. 
 At the same time I thank j'ou for your good 
 will, and I am pleased that you have survived 
 such a severe season. 
 
 The remaining disorders in the town of De- 
 troit have given me many regrets, and demand 
 to be remedied; although our proceedings in 
 justice are slow, they are none the less sure. 
 The only step I could take at present upon the 
 
 plea against Mrs. May and , I have 
 
 taken; that is, to suspend the functions of 
 both, until the lime that an investigation will 
 take place. Perhaps a resignation will follow. 
 Let that be as it may, when the judges visit 
 Detroit in June all will be examined and 
 
 justice rendered to each one. Besides this 1 
 promise myself the pleasure of seeing you at 
 your home in passing from Fort Wayne to 
 Detroit. 
 
 My ears are always open to the cries of the 
 people I have the honor to lead; and it is to 
 me a great pleasure, as well as an indispen- 
 sable duty, to do themall thegoodin my power. 
 I am mortified that the}- have been molested 
 by Government officers, but Mr. Sargent 
 (stranger as he was) ran the risk, in spite of 
 best intentions, of being deceived concerning 
 the different characters, like any other man 
 in the same ca.se. With much consideration 
 for your upright and sincere character, I am, 
 Monsieur, j-our verj^ humble servant, 
 
 A. St. Clair. 
 
 Cei'tificate of marriage of Colonel Francis 
 Navarre, November 9, 1790, and family record; 
 
 After the publication of the bans of marriage 
 made at the sermon of the grand mass of the 
 parish, having obtained dispensation from two 
 others of Mr. Dufaute, doing the duties of 
 Grand Vicar of Detroit, between Francis 
 Navarre (son of Robert Navarre and Ai-ch- 
 angel Marsaive), his parents belonging to the 
 parish of St. Anne, Detroit, and J. Marie Suzor 
 (daughter of Louis Suzor and Marie Josephine 
 Labeau), her parents belonging to another part 
 of the same parish, and not finding any 
 hinderance to said marriage, I, the undersigned 
 priest and curate, do certify to having received 
 their mutual consent of marriage, and to have 
 given the nuptial benediction with the cere- 
 monies prescribed by our Mother, the Holy 
 Ciuirch. 
 
 In presence of Messrs. Charles Eeaume, Mar- 
 tin Nadeau, Louis Gaillard, Louis Suzor, and 
 several other witnesses. Among them some 
 have signed and others have declared they 
 know not how to sign this writing, accord- 
 ing to the ordinance of the aforesaid day and 
 year. 
 
 Copied from the original. Chas. K.,M. Nad., 
 L. G., Pr. John Bt., Cure. 
 
 Ti'anscrij5t from record : 
 
 Robert, son of Francis and Marie Suzor, born 
 September 2, 1791 ; married Miss Duchane. 
 Francis, son of Francis and Marie Suzor, born 
 December 8, 1792; married Miss Mettez. Marie 
 
BIOGRAI'HIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 101 
 
 Arcliange, ilaiiijliter ot Fi-aiicis and Marie 
 Suzor, born April G, 17!>4. Joseph Navarro, 
 son of Francis and Mario Suzor, born December 
 3, 1795 ; married Miss Martin. Julia Navarre, 
 daughter of Fraticis and Marie Suzor, born 
 December IS, 17!I6. Hissaiette, daughter of 
 Francis and Marie Suzor, born Juno 15, 1798; 
 David Navarre, son of P^-ancis and JIarie Suzor; 
 married Miss Lasselle. Sanuiel Navarre, s<mi 
 of Francis and Marie Suzor. Paul or Porti 
 Navarre, son of Francis and .Mario Suzor. 
 Victoria, daughter of Francis and Mario Suzor; 
 married James J. Godfrov. 
 
 In the correspondence and files of Colonel 
 Francis Navarre, translated from the French, 
 preserved by Alexander T. Navarro and Mrs. 
 James D. Machin, grandson and granddaughter 
 of Colonel Francis Navarre, appears the fol- 
 lowing proclamation by Arthur St. Clair, 
 Governor of the Territory of the United 
 States Northwest of the Ohio, fi-om which it 
 appears a property qualification was essential 
 to the exei'cise of the right of suflfrago: 
 
 Whereas, by the ordinance of Congress for 
 the government of the Territory northwest 
 of the Ohio, it is ordained, " That so soon as 
 there shall be 5,000 free male inhabitants of 
 full age in the district, upon giving proof 
 thei'eof to the Governor thej' shall receive 
 authority, with time and place, to elect repre- 
 sentatives from their several counties or town- 
 ships to represent them in the general as- 
 sembly ;" and whereas sufficient proof has been 
 given to me there is a much greater number of 
 free male inhabitants in the district than the 
 5,000 required by the ordinance,! do in conform- 
 ity thereto authorize and require the inhabit- 
 ants of the several counties in the Territory, 
 qualified according to the said ordinance, to as- 
 semble together on the third Monda\- in Decem- 
 ber next, at the places hereinafter mentioned, 
 and then and there elect representatives for the 
 said counties respectively, according to the di- 
 rections and restrictions of the aforesaid ordin- 
 ance of Congress, and in the numbers and pro- 
 portions following, to serve in the general 
 assembly or legislature for two years, that is 
 to say; The inhabitants of the county of 
 Washington shall meet at Marietta and elect 
 two representatives; the inhabitants of the 
 county of Hamilton shall meet at the town of 
 
 Cincinnati and oloct five roj)resentatives ; the 
 inhabitants of the county of St. Clair shall 
 meet at the town of Cahokia and elect one rep- 
 resentative; the inhabitants of the county of 
 Knox shall meet at the town of St. Vincennos 
 and elect one representative; the inhabitants 
 of the county of Randol|)h shall meet at the 
 town of K:iskaskia and elect one representative ; 
 the inhabitants of tiie county of Adams shall 
 meet at the town of Washington and elect one 
 representative ; the inhabitants of the county of 
 Jefferson shall meet at the town of Steul)on and 
 elect one representative; the inhabitants of the 
 county of Wayne shall meet at tlie town of 
 Detroit and elect one representative, and the 
 inhabitants of the county of Hoss shall meet at 
 the town of Chillicothe and elect one rojire- 
 sentative; and the representatives so elected 
 shall meet in general assembl}- at the town of 
 Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton, on the 
 22d day of January next, to do and perform 
 what is required of them for the benefits of the 
 people and the good government of the dis- 
 trict. The restrictions with respect to tlie 
 elections in the aforesaid ordinance, are that 
 no person shall be eligible or qualified to act as 
 a representative unless he shall have been a 
 citizen of one of the United States three years 
 and be a resident in the district, or unless he 
 shall have resided in the district three years, 
 and in either case shall likewise hold in his 
 own right, in foe simple, 200 acres of land 
 within the same; and that a freehold in fifty 
 acres of land in the district, having been a 
 citizen of one of the States, and being a resi- 
 dent in the district, or the like freehold and 
 two years residence in the district, shall be 
 necessary to qualify a man as an elector of a 
 representative. 
 
 And whereas a strict adherence to the 
 letter of the last restriction would exclude all 
 those whose real estate consists of houses and 
 lots only, in the several towns, from any share 
 in the choice of representatives, while the 
 spirit and intention of it is, that the right of 
 election should not be extended to those who 
 ai"e not possessed of real estate of a certain 
 value: all persons having a freehold estate in 
 houses and lots in any of the towns in the 
 counties where they respectively reside, equal 
 in value to the medium value of fifty acres of 
 land in the same counties, are to be considered 
 duly qualified as to property. And the sheriti's 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 of the counties, or the coroners in ease of any 
 contingency whereby it maj' be impossible for 
 the sheriffs to attend, shall hold the said elec- 
 tions in the counties for which they are respec- 
 tively appointed, at the time and places before 
 mentioned, and in the manner as by the writs 
 to them directed is required. 
 
 Given at Cincinnati, in the county of Ham- 
 ilton, under the seal of the Territory, the 29tli 
 da^' of October, 1708, and of the independence 
 of the United States the twenty-third. 
 
 Coj)}- of letter from the Bishop of Baltimore, 
 addressed to Colonel Francis Navarre, for the 
 inhabitants of the River Raisin : 
 
 Baltimore, October 19, 179fi. 
 
 Your petition that you had the kindness to 
 address to nie the 10th of May did not reach 
 me before the month of August. I see in it, 
 with great satisfaction, that you are sensible of 
 the inexpressible advantages of the true relig- 
 ion and of a ministrv of salvation which re- 
 sponds to its sanctity and may be worihy of 
 it. Feeling all the weight otiny pastoral duty, 
 it is very pleasant for me to find the charges it 
 imposes on me lightened by the Christian dis- 
 positions of those who share my solicitude. I 
 did not reply immediately to your request be- 
 cause having already charged Mr. Labaudoux 
 (my grand vicar of this part of my diocese) to 
 make report of the religious condition of the 
 country recently added to the United States, 
 I believed that I ought to wait until I received 
 it. This report has just come to hand, and in 
 this which has relation to you, I see that it 
 eoiifirnis the favoi'able idea I had formed of 
 your dispositions. In consequence I wrote to 
 him to-day to make his arrangements to send 
 3-ou a very excellent priest, who dwells at pres- 
 ent on the Illinois. If this cannot be brought 
 about to advise me as promptly as possible, in 
 order that I maj' send one from here as soon as 
 I have the necessary means to furnish the ex- 
 penses of his journey. 
 
 Your manners and habits of industry and 
 love of order are to me a sure guaranty that 
 you will make citizens peaceable and obedient 
 to laws of the Government, and that you will 
 never abuse the liberty in which you partici- 
 pate to make a pretextof living without check, 
 be it of religion or civil authority. I prize 
 greatlj- the assurance which you have made 
 
 me of j-our respect for your fathei-s, and the 
 good wishes you have offered me for my health. 
 In return I beg of you to regard me as one 
 having for jou the most fraternal affection, and 
 an earnest desire to see you and unite with 
 you before the altar of the Most High, to pray 
 to Him to bestow upon j^ou and upon all our 
 Catholics and wandering brothers, the choicest 
 benedictions. I am, sir, with regards and grat- 
 itude for all which you have done for the wel- 
 fare of religion, your very obedient servant 
 and father in Jesus Christ, 
 
 Bishop of Baltimore. 
 
 Translated from old deed signed by chief of 
 the tribe of Pottawatomies, then inhabiting 
 River Raisin : 
 
 Detroit, September 14, 1786. 
 
 Sir Ask i by, chief of the Pottawatomies, of 
 the River Raisin, given in my name and that 
 of my nation and of the families inhabiting of 
 my^ tribe : I declare that I have reserved a 
 piece of land, three acres in size, in all its pro- 
 fundity, for the building of a house of prayer, 
 situated at that end of land, on right side of 
 River Raisin, joining the concession of Francis 
 Navarre Hutrow. This place, destined in per- 
 petuity as a place of prayer, can never be oc- 
 cupied for any other purpose but by the min- 
 ister of the Great Spirit. For this reason it is 
 expressly forbidden all persons, of whatever 
 nation they may be, to touch said place to cul- 
 tivate or build thereupon, under the penalty 
 of having their icoi'k and \ahov utterly destroyed. 
 For this reason I affix my signature, to the end 
 that people may not doubt of my resolution, 
 which will be forever irrevocable. 
 
 At Detroit the 13th of September, 178G. 
 
 As also the concession of land that we have 
 given to the brothers and children of Robert 
 Navarre ; as also that of Marie, widow of Alexis 
 Campau, shall remain in jierpetuity to her and 
 her children, the peaceful possession of which 
 she may claim undisturbed. 
 
 ASKIBY. 
 
 Detroit, May 9,1794. 
 To Francis Narari-e, Jadlce of the Peace, River Ruialn : 
 Sir: I have the honor of informing j-ou 
 that I have discovered a plot to pass counter- 
 feit money. The principal actor lives in your 
 district, and is named Moses Powers. He is a 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OK EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 10.", 
 
 brother of the lawyer Powers, and lie has only 
 one eye. He pretends to bo a carpenter, and 
 has made a conraet with Israel to build iiin\ 
 a house. I have had the otiier two arrested. 
 The sheriff has my warrant to arrest Powers, 
 but as he delays to start, I fear that the man 
 will escape, learning that the others are taken. 
 I beg you instantly, as soon as you receive 
 m3- letter, to have him arrested and sent to me 
 under assurance that they will be tried b)' the 
 court. I praj' you, also, to have a search made 
 of his house or lodgings and seize any tooLs 
 he has made u.se of in making the money ; 
 and also any material you may find which has 
 been used in making it, and send all here. 
 
 As this is the first discovery of a conspiracy 
 so dangei'ous for society in general, it is of the 
 greatest importance to 8U])press it in its com- 
 mencement, and the people of the liiver Raisin 
 are more interested than others, for following 
 the information that I have that Mr. Powers 
 is the principal actor, 1 have reason to be- 
 lieve that he works in your canton ; inform 
 j'our neighbors to take good care when they 
 receive some bogus mone^-. I have the honor 
 of being very perfectly 3 our very humble ser- 
 vant, 
 
 Ja.mes Mav, .7. P. County Wtujne. 
 
 '. June :!, ITitG. 
 
 Dear Cousin : A favorable opportunity pre- 
 sents itself for me to write you a letter, and 
 have it delivered b}- Cajilain Chaniberg, 'lid-de- 
 camp of General Wilkinson, commander of the 
 American troops. He is going ahead of the 
 army to demand possession of Detroit. (Colonel 
 Hamtramck left here this morning with a large 
 detachment to form the garrison at Detroit. 
 As I know well your zeal for our American 
 army, I have taken the liberty to assure Colo- 
 nel Hamtramck that you and your friendly 
 inhabitants of the River IJaisiri would take 
 pleasure in accompanying Captain Chamberg 
 to Detroit. He has asked for the names of 
 persons that I consider as veritable patriots. 1 
 informed him that he could not pride himself 
 on more honest people in the establishment of 
 Detroit than my uncle Robiche and Mr. Bullet, 
 who will be listened to by all the inhabitants, and 
 who, I think, will give him all the assistance 
 possible. Althougli I have offered to have him 
 stay at Mr. Cecire's house, j-ou can have him 
 stay at your house. I think his horses will be 
 
 more safe in your stable than in the fields. 
 Courage. I wish you good healtii, as well as 
 all your family. Your sincere cousin, 
 
 Geo. McDoniAi.i,. 
 
 Detroit, Mich., October 8, ITHII. 
 
 Sir: The Court of (Quarter Sessions have 
 held their first meeting to-day, and have 
 ordered me to write a circular to the justices 
 of peace of each district, to inform them tiiat 
 the first Tuesday of the month of December 
 next, there will be a general Court of (Quarter 
 Sessions, at which you are re<|uired to be 
 present. 
 
 This same day the court will divide the 
 county into districts, will name three commis- 
 sioners and one constable for each district. 
 The court desires that you will give advice to 
 all the inhabitants of your district that you 
 will have occasion to see, in order that among 
 themselves they recommend to the court a re- 
 spectable man to be one of the commissionei-s 
 of the district of the River Raisin. It is nec- 
 essary that they recommend also an honest 
 man to be constable of the district, who knows 
 how to read and write, if it is possible. The 
 court desires very much to name persons gen- 
 erally agreeable to each district. 
 
 I have the honor of being, respectfully, your 
 very humble servant, 
 
 Peter AijDrian, 
 Cli'rk of the Court of (Juarler Sessions. 
 
 Detroit, Mirii., Ajtril 2:i, 1797. 
 Sir: The present letter to you will be 
 handed you by John Bt. Sanscrainte, who will 
 present you a contract of land that the savages 
 have given him the tenth of May, 177!t. You 
 will see that this conli'act is well made, but 
 unfortunately for San.scrainte there was no 
 witness who has signed with the savages. In 
 consequence it is necessary that the .savage 
 chiefs who are still living come before j-ou to 
 recognize their signatures, or better their 
 marks, and that they make their mai-ks again 
 to the certificate that I have written immedi- 
 atel3' under their names ; thatyouauil Monsieur 
 Cecirc will sign as witnesses under the words 
 in presence of. After this you will sign your 
 name as justice of the ])eace to the certificate 
 that I have written below that of the savages, 
 
104 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 anil Mr. Cecire will sign it also as witness un- 
 der the words in presence of. But you will sign 
 yours opposite that of Mr. Cecire. 
 
 All this is formality, but it is neccssar}- in 
 order to preserve to San.scrainte a large prop- 
 erty that the savages have, to my knowledge, 
 given since to different persons. I know j-ou 
 too friendly to justice to doubt a moment that 
 you would render justice to Sanscraintc, who 
 appears to me to merit it. 
 
 I have the honor to be, very perfectlj^, your 
 very humble servant, Peter Audri.\n. 
 
 As Mr. Sanscrainte is going to the Fort at 
 Detroit City for his business, I advise you to 
 send me by him the title of your land, in order 
 that I may register it immediatel}-. This is a 
 formalit}' absolutely necessary in order to have 
 the confirmation of tlie title and the continua- 
 tion. Give the same advice to your brothers. 
 
 Peter. 
 
 We, belonging to the chiefs of the Pottawat- 
 omie Nation, on Raisin Kiver, declare and 
 assert the following : 
 
 That the lands situate between Stony Creek 
 and Saudy Creek and bordering on Lake Erie, 
 said lands measuring to the depth of one 
 hundred acres, have been given long ago by 
 the elders and principal chiefs of our Nation to 
 Francis Pepin. 
 
 That the whole Nation being familiar with 
 this fact, will protect him in the possession 
 thereof In consequence we entreat our 
 American brothers to leave said Popin in 
 peaceable ownership. 
 
 Wo also declare that Mr. Portier Renais, who 
 has a contract for a large tract of land, said 
 contract having been made by himself alone, 
 and as soon as he tried to appropriate these 
 lands to himself, the chiefs, then still living, 
 have said publicly- and openly that these lands 
 were never given to him, and that they have 
 enjoined their successors to oppose themselves 
 to it, and to which they hei-ehy adhere and 
 have this jirotest b}' their names. 
 
 (Signed by the Chiefs.) 
 
 Done at River Raisin, lOlh May, 1797. 
 
 according to the law to vote for a representa- 
 tive in the general assembly of this Territery, 
 that an election for a representative for the 
 county of Wayne in the general assembly of 
 this Territory, in virtue of writ of election, 
 which has been addi-essed to me by his Excel- 
 lency, the Governor of the Territory, to this 
 effect, will open and hold in Detroit, for the said 
 county, in the house where the court sits, Mon- 
 day, the 17th of December next, in which elec- 
 tion will be open from 10 o'clock and will con- 
 tinue by regular adjournments until 4 o'clock 
 in the afternoon of the 19th day of the same 
 month of December, at which hour the said 
 election will bo closed according to law. In 
 consequence of, by these presents, all the in- 
 habitants qualified, thus included, are sum- 
 moned and required to be on hand at the time 
 and place thus designated, in order to give 
 their voice for the person whom the}' deem 
 pi-oper for a representative in the general as- 
 sembly, in conformity with said warrant of 
 election, etc. Lewis Bond, 
 
 Sheriff County Wayne. 
 
 Detroit, May 14, 1798. 
 Sir : I am ordered by the court to require 
 you to inform the inhabitants of j-our district 
 that those of them who are summoned for the 
 petit jury of the next court, will be excused 
 (if they 80 desire) by paying $2.00 for a sub- 
 stitute ; that is to say, that each person who 
 prefers to rest or attend to his own business 
 rather than serve on jury, can leave it entirely 
 to his own option. I have the honor of being, 
 respectfully, your very humble servant, 
 
 Peter Al'drian, 
 Chrk. 
 
 Advice to the public : 
 
 Detroit, 26th November, 1798. 
 By these presents, advice is given to the in- 
 habitants of Wayne county who are qualified 
 
 Detroit, May 22d, 1798. 
 Sir: I liave the honor of announcing to 
 you that the Judges of the Supreme Court, 
 whom 3-ou have seen at your house, will hold, 
 in Detroit, a Circuit Court next Tuesday, 29th 
 of May. It is your duty to be there, also your 
 associate, Mr. Jobiu, with the constable of 
 your district. It is very important that Sun- 
 day next you should have announced at the 
 church door that all persons summoned upon 
 grand or petit jury for this Circuit Court, must 
 be here Tuesday before 11 o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, because they will be fined heavily if ab- 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 105 
 
 sent. By doing so you will i-eiuler service to 
 many people who might fail to be present on 
 account of not being instructed to do so. 1 
 have tlic honor of being, rcs])ectfully, j'our verj- 
 humble servant, Peter Aidrian, Clerk. 
 
 P. S. — You will say, if you please, to Mr. 
 Isadore Navarre that I will take for nionej- ten 
 hundred weight of flour, good and marketable 
 at S4.(I0 a hundred, provided that it is delivered 
 hero. 
 
 Ufkick of the Co.mmiss.vrv Gexer.\i, of the ) 
 Prison Eiis, July 2.s, 1814. f 
 
 A convention having been definitely resolved 
 on the ICth of July, at Chaniplain, iti the State 
 of New York, between the agents duly author- 
 ized on the part of the United States Govern- 
 ment and that of Great Britain, by which all 
 prisoners of war and all other prisoners, sub- 
 jects or residentsof one, or citizens or residents 
 of the other, caplui-ed by the commandant in 
 authority. Sir George Provost, or by the forces 
 under hisorders during the present war, before 
 the 15th day of April past, which were paroled 
 or otherwise left for their respective countries 
 before said daj', or who were kept bj' the 
 authority- of the United States, or Canada or 
 Nova Scotia, by the authority of Great Britain, 
 were exchanged without exception. 
 
 All officers and non-commissioned officers, 
 soldiers and sailors, belonging to the forces by 
 land or sea of the United Stales, regulars or 
 militia, and all persons of all other description, 
 who have been captured before the said 15th 
 of April, by any of the military forces under 
 said commander, and who were then in the 
 United States under. parole or otherwise, or 
 who are to be released in conformity with said 
 convention, are declared finally exchanged ; 
 and all such officers, non-commissioned officers, 
 soldiers, sailors and other persons, are by these 
 presents notified that they are at liberty to 
 serve in any capacity as if lhe\- had never been 
 prisoners. (Signed) T. Maso.n'. 
 
 Commuaary General of the Prisoners. 
 
 Translated by order of General Cass. 
 
 G. McDour.Ai.L, 
 Adjutant-General T. M. 
 
 I beg you will give immediate attention, and 
 make them public to the cajitains in j-our bat- 
 talion, in order that thej* will furnish you with 
 the return of their forces and ammunition with- 
 out delay. I beg you to send the report the 
 soonest possible. I have the honor of being 
 your verj' humble servant, 
 
 G. GODKROV, 
 
 Lieut. Cnl. Com. \.U Reg. of M., T. M. 
 
 P. S. — I pray you present my compliments 
 to Captain Laeroix and urge him to aid you to 
 make the returns required on the other side, 
 because the governor expects the reports im- 
 mediately, and see that j'ou neglect nothing, 
 fearing the consequences. G. Goufroy. 
 
 Detroit, August 25, 1814. 
 To Mr. Colonel Navarre: 
 
 Sir: I have the honor of transmitting to 
 you the original orders above n)entioned, which 
 
 In Office of Adiutaxt-Geser.vl of the Mii.itia | 
 
 OK Territory of Miciik;.\n, Gener.^i- llE.vn- [• 
 
 til arters, Detroit, August 2.5, J814. J 
 
 The commissarv general of the prisoners 
 having declared that a convention has been 
 concluded between the Governments of the 
 United States and Great Britain, by which all 
 persons, however taken, by either side since 
 the declaration of war, and before the 15th day 
 of April last, were exchanged without excep- 
 tion, the commander-in-chief is gratified to 
 be able to announce to the militia the glad 
 tidings. They are at present as free to serve as 
 if never taken prisoners. This situation re- 
 quires imperiously that the entire corps of 
 militia are placed in the most efficacious state 
 for immediate service. 
 
 The Adjutant-General will annomue thcaj)- 
 pointments and promotions of officers which 
 have taken place. 
 
 The Second Kegiment of Infantiy will be 
 consolidated with and form a part of First 
 Regiment, but remain a distinct battalion. 
 The Lieutenant-Colonel Navarre will retain 
 his rank and command, but will make his re- 
 port direct to Lieutenant-Colonel Godfroy. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Godfroy and Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Smyth will make their reports (the 
 soonest possible to the Adjutant-General) of the 
 forces and situation of their respective com- 
 mands. 
 
 By order of his Excellenc}', the Commander- 
 in-Chief 
 
 Geo. McDouoall, 
 Ad/ulant-G'eneral T. M. 
 
lOG 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Copy of General Proctor's order : 
 To Thomas Caldwell, River Raisin, Mich. : 
 
 Mr. Thomas Caldwell, or auy other person 
 acting under him, is hereby authorized and 
 directed to impress for his Majesty's service in 
 the Territory of Michigan, twelve horses and 
 eight yoke or pairs of oxen, with their yokes 
 and chains, and such other articles as may be 
 requisite to work the said horses and oxen. 
 
 Dated at Detroit this 16th day of April, ISIH. 
 (Signed) Henry Proctor, 
 
 Brig. Geri'l Commandimj. 
 
 In perusing the correspondence and files of 
 Colonel Francis Navarre, I am irajiressed with 
 the belief that he was a very devout and ex- 
 emplary member of the Catholic church, and 
 that no man outside of the priesthood has con- 
 tributed more time, labor and means in lay- 
 ing the foundation thereof in the Northwest. 
 His patriotism, energy and worth were appreci- 
 ated and held in high esteem by the territorial 
 governors and officers of the American forces, 
 as it IS evident the greater part of orders and 
 correspondence from them to the River Raisin 
 settlement before and during the war were 
 addressed to him. His power and influence 
 were well known by officers of the British Gov- 
 ernment, and for years a standing offer of a 
 reward of 1500 was proclaimed for his capture 
 or scalp. He was hunted as a spy; was twice 
 taken prisoner by the British, but escaped. The 
 last escape savored of the miraculous, for he was 
 captured by a British officer and delivered into 
 the hands of infuriated and brutal Indians, and 
 tied to a stake prepared for burning, at Sand- 
 wich ; but the barbarians to whom he was de- 
 livered went out to welcome about 500 In- 
 dians who were invited to the great sacrifice 
 and feast, and on their return found tlieir vic- 
 tim gone. Their fury knew no bounds; torches 
 were lighted, and their yells and whoops filled 
 the air. The colonel, knowing their manner of 
 hunting their victims, took advantage thereof 
 b}' creeping into a hollow log a short distance 
 from where he had made his escape. They 
 hunted for him for days, houses were burned, 
 feather-beds ripped open, and one day entered 
 a barn where he was concealed under the haj- 
 three feet under the surface. They thrust 
 iheir bayonets through the hay, one just graz- 
 ing his backbone. On leaving the barn they 
 set fire thereto, but fortunately it did not burn. 
 
 He loved his church and country, and for 
 his Christian and civil virtues and sacrifices on 
 the battle field, his memory deserves grateful 
 remembrance. 
 
 At the close of the war he returned to his 
 home to find none of its former comforts, but in- 
 stead desolation and devastation. Courageous 
 in his declining years, he gathered around him 
 the semblance of what had been the ambition 
 of his early years, " A Home,'' tlie hospitality 
 of which was proverbial. 
 
 JOHN ANDERSON 
 Was born in Scotland, and emigrated to Can- 
 ada when a boy. From Montreal he came to 
 Michigan to trade with the Indians. He estab- 
 lished himself upon the River Raisin in the 
 year 1805, where he successfully prosecuted his 
 affairs until the War of 1812. His residence 
 and store were on the site on the north side of 
 the river where T. E. Wing now resides. Dur- 
 ing the war he was captured by the British 
 and Indians, but soon escaped and fled to Day- 
 ton, Ohio, where he remained until peace was 
 restored. On returning to Monroe he found 
 his 2)roperty had not esca])ed the ravages of 
 war, for his house and store wei'e burned 
 to the ground and his goods confiscated ; but 
 his energy and pei'severance soon restored in 
 part what he had lo.st. His influence among 
 the earlj' settlers and Indians did much to 
 mitigate their hardships. He found homes for 
 those left orphans and unprotected by the war, 
 and sought at Washington a redress for their 
 wrongs. His thorough knowledge of the In- 
 dian character rendered him efficient in restor- 
 ing peace among the various tribes of Michi- 
 gan, and as he was fluent in eleven Indian 
 dialects, he was welcomed at all times by the 
 Indians as an interpreter. He filled with credit 
 many local offices of honor and trust, and his 
 habitual kindness and ingenuousness carried 
 him safely through many trying scenes in his 
 career. He died athishomein Monroe in 1841, 
 leaving two sons, John and Alexander, and a 
 daughter, the wife of Judge Warner Wing, of 
 Monroe. 
 
 COLONEL HUBERT LACROIX 
 Was a native of Montreal, of higblj- re.spoctable 
 jiarentage. He came to the River Raisin in 
 the year 1800. where he lived to the time of his 
 
COL. HUBERT iLACROIX. 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 107 
 
 death, whicli occurred September 14, 1827, at 
 the age of forty-eight years, enjoying tlie fullest 
 confidence of his fellow-citizens. 
 
 At the organization of the militia by Colonel 
 John Anderson, he was the tirst man to enlist 
 as a private soldier. He was unanimously 
 chosen captain of the company in which he 
 enlisted, in which capacity he continued until 
 the commencement of the War of 1812. At 
 the surrender of Detroit by General Hull, 
 Captain Lacroix was taken prisoner by the 
 British and for some lime kept on board a 
 prison-ship at Maiden, and with others destined 
 to Quebec. Mr. Bongrand, an Indian trader 
 who resided at Sandusky, was intimately ac- 
 quainted with Tecumseh, and being in Detroit 
 at the time, with his wife he called on the In- 
 dian chief Tecumseh to ask him to intercede 
 with General Brock for the release of her 
 father. By the persistent and determined 
 efforts of the Indian chief he was released and 
 returned to the River Raisin. 
 
 At the battle of River Raisin his residence 
 and most of his property fell a prey to the 
 devouring element. Ho subsequently built on 
 the site of the old home, the two-story brick 
 now standing on the north bank of the River 
 Raisin, now owned by Louis Lafontain. His 
 claims for destruction and loss of property were 
 recognized by Congress, and he was I'cmuner- 
 ated for a portion thereof. 
 
 When the couuty of Monroe was organized 
 Captain Ivacroix was appointed a colonel in the 
 the militia and sheriff of the county. He was 
 twice elected by his fellow-citizens a member 
 of the legislative council, and in returning at 
 the close of the last session walked from De- 
 troit, and bj- exposure contracted a severe 
 cold. After lingering a few months he ex- 
 pired. 
 
 Colonel Lacroix had two daughters. The 
 elder married one of our most prosperous and 
 enterprising ftirmers, Antoine F. Robert, now 
 residing in the town of PVenchtown. The 
 younger, the only surviving daughter, is the 
 ■widow of James Navarre, now residing on the 
 homestead farm on Plumb Creek Bay. She 
 now has in her possession a very fine minia- 
 ture, painted on ivory in Montreal, of Colonel 
 Lacroix — a remarkably 8t3li8h and soldier- 
 like looking officer, dressed in full uniform. 
 She also exhibited to me a full-length portrait, 
 painted in oil iu Montreal, of the mother of 
 
 Colonel Lacroix- — a stately and beautiful lady. 
 At the time of the massacre on the River Raisin 
 this portrait was suspended on the parlor walls. 
 The Indians believing the French were con- 
 cealing and hiding the Kenluckians, seeking 
 prisoners and scalps, ransacked the house 
 from cellar to garret, and finding no prisoners 
 concealed at last came to the parlor ; finding 
 none there they wreaked iheir vengeance and 
 disajjpointment by thrusting sabres through 
 the left breast of the portrait, which still re- 
 tains the marks of violence, and without the 
 slightest alteration or change since the inci- 
 dent occurred. 
 
 JOHN WOOD, 
 
 One of the survivors of the War of 1812, was 
 a young and industrious farmer in Bracken 
 county, Kentucky, with a wife and two cliil- 
 dren, when the gallant Captain Butler, who 
 afterwards fell at the capture of the British 
 batteries at Fort Meigs, raised his flag and 
 solicited the hardy Kentuckians of Bracken 
 county to enroll themselves among the defend- 
 ers of their country. John Wood was one of the 
 number. He suffered all the privations to 
 which the chivulric army of the Northwest 
 was exposed during the disastrous campaign 
 which resulted in the defeat of General Win- 
 chester at the River Raisin. By good fortune 
 he escaped the tomahawk of the savage allies of 
 Great Britain and was sent a prisoner of war 
 to Quebec. He was next, with other American 
 prisoners, dispatched in a transport to Ply- 
 mouth, in England. From Plymouth, accom- 
 panied by a crowd of fellow-prisoners, he was 
 about to be transferred to Dartmoor— that 
 well-remembered scene of British cruelty — 
 when he found an opportunity to elude his 
 guard and make his escape. He; wandered 
 through the country, stealing through by-ways 
 until he found tiimself at Bristol. Hunger 
 compelled him to enter a grocery, the head- 
 quarters of a British press-gang. Here he was 
 pressed, and despite his protestations that he 
 was a citizen of the United States and a fugi- 
 tive prisoner of war, he was hurried on 
 board his Majesty's frigate Sea Horse, then 
 the flag-ship of the celebrated Sir Peter Parker, 
 and compelled to bear arms against his own 
 countrymen. On board the Sea Horse were 
 several Americans, who, like Wood, had fallen 
 
108 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 victims to the British system of imiiressnient. 
 Tlioy determined on desertion, and wlien lying 
 in the j)ort of St. John's they succeeded in 
 securing a boat during an extremely dark 
 night. They were instantl}^ pursued, and 
 obliged to desert this boat on the shoreof New 
 Brunswick and seek safety in the woods. After 
 wandering about two day.s, exhausted with cold 
 and hunger and fatigue, they were appre- 
 hended by a party of British soldiers and again 
 transferred to the Sea Horse. The punishment 
 that folk)wed was inflicted with all that ingen- 
 ious refinemontof cruelty Cor which the British 
 navy is so celebrated. The Sea Horse, attacked 
 by the squadron under Admiral Cockburn, was 
 shortly after ordered into the Chesapeake, and 
 took an active part in robbing, burning and 
 murdering the defenseless inhabitants of the 
 coast. Mr. Wood and the other American 
 prisoners were never permitted to leave the 
 vessel. A few days after Sir Peter Parker 
 met his fate, Mr. Wood, with seven impressed 
 Americans, attempted to escape in broad day- 
 light by jumping into a boat alongside and 
 pulling rapidly for the shore. One of the num- 
 ber was shot by the sentinel on duty, the rest 
 reached the beach, but were a]iprehended im- 
 mediately. By order of Admiral Cockburn 
 they were sent in irons to Nova Scotia, and 
 after undergoing the formality of a mock trial 
 were sentenced to be shot. This sentence was 
 commuted to service for life in his Britannic 
 Majesty's army in the East Indies. They were 
 accordingly shipped to England and thence 
 dispatched to Calcutta. For twenty-five years 
 Mr. Wood served as a private soldier in the 
 East India service, and when broken down in 
 spirit and constitution, he was permitted to 
 leave the army and sail for England. Desti- 
 tute and heart-broken he reached London, 
 stated his case to the United States consul 
 and by him was furnished with the means of 
 reaching New York, from thence wended his 
 weai-y pilgrimage towards the home of his 
 childhood. After an absence of twenty-six 
 years from his wife and children in Kentucky, 
 and without hearing one word with reference to 
 their situation, he arrived at Augusta, in Ken- 
 tucky, the home of his youth. A thousand 
 ovei'powering emotions rushed upon the old 
 man's heart as he approached the spot that was 
 once his home. The recognition and welcome 
 must be left to the imagination of the reader. 
 
 JAMES KNAGGS, 
 Captain of the sjiies and scouts under General 
 Harrison in the War of 1812, was born at Eush- 
 taboo, about twelve miles above South To- 
 ledo, Ohio, on the Kiver Maumee, about the 
 year 1780. From earlj' life he was familiar 
 with the forests in the West, as well as the 
 habits, customs and mode of warfare of the In- 
 dian tribes. His mother's maiden name was 
 Eachel Fry, of Philadelphia. She kept a store 
 at Maumee a number of years. He first settled 
 on the north bank of the Eiver Eaisin, about 
 one mile west of the city of Monroe. In the 
 year 1811 he established a regular ferry at the 
 Eiver Huron, on the main road from the Eiver 
 Eaisin to Detroit, with only Indians for neigh- 
 bors, who were excited by British emissaries, 
 hostile to all Americans, and were very trouble- 
 some. Captain Kuaggs had frequent and des- 
 parate conflicts with them. On one occasion 
 he had a severe encounter with one of the In- 
 dians for .some misconduct, and when a brother 
 of the vanquished Indian came at midnight to 
 avenge his brother, a struggle ensued which 
 resulted in his breaking ever}- bone in the body 
 of the Indian by means of a club. During the 
 War of 1812 he rendered the Government im- 
 portant aid, and performed a great many pat- 
 riotic deeds as a spy, scout, ranger and general 
 Indian fighter, and with Medard Labadie and 
 James Bentley captured a British ofiicer. Major 
 McGi-egor, whom they compelled to ride horse- 
 back on a pony with his legs tied, to Governor 
 Hull's camp at Detroit. MeCuUoch subse- 
 quently offered a reward of $500 for his head. 
 A British officer with a squad of men some time 
 after came to the Eiver Eaisin to secure this 
 reward, and landed on the north side of the 
 river near the present site of the residence of 
 Louis Lafontain, where Kuaggs was unloading 
 a boat. They were also seeking for Stephen 
 Downing, James Bentley, Medard Labadie and 
 one other American soldier, for whose heads a 
 large reward had been offered. On inquiring 
 for Knaggs they were shrewdly thrown off their 
 guard by being informed that Knaggs, Bentley, 
 Downing and Labadie had gone but a few days 
 before to Fort Meigs, and had joined the Amer- 
 ican army. 
 
 Mr. James Knaggs owned and was living on 
 the farm about seven and a half miles west of 
 Monroe, on the north side of the Eiver Eaisin, 
 now owned and occupied by Leonard Stadler. 
 
BIOGRArillKS f>I- KAKT.Y SETTI.KRS. 
 
 109 
 
 Wliilo Mr. Knaggs was busy drawing; in wlieat 
 with iiis little chestnut pony hitched to a cart, 
 news was brought to the settlement that 1,500 
 Indians were in the region of the Macon and 
 were preparing to make an attack on the set- 
 tlers. Immediate action was necessary. ^Ii-. 
 Knaggs planned the movements, and aftei- bid- 
 ding his family good-by, perhaps forever, en- 
 treated tlicm to use all dexterity in reaching 
 Mr. Robert's farm (the father of Mrs. Polly 
 Knaggs), now known as the Pegler farm and 
 occupied by him, a little west of Monroe, on the 
 south side of the river. He soon ascertained 
 that his scalp was in great demand. The Hiig- 
 lish, through McGregor, had made a standing 
 offer of 850(1 for it, which prompted the In- 
 dians to do their best for the red-skin who 
 could, in a hand to hand tight, encounter and 
 take such a scalp. Knaggs was well known to 
 the Indians as a great warrior and a great 
 brave. Mr. Knaggs, after several fearful en- 
 counters and fights with the red men, eon- 
 eluded to visit his familj- at tiie Pegler farm. 
 He found on arriving that three British officers 
 were after him and on horseback, and arriving 
 in front of the hou.se dismounted and gave 
 chase. Mr. Knaggs, having no time to go to 
 the door, jumped through the window and 
 soon gained a cornfield near by — the officers 
 nearly up with him. but by good dodging and 
 hard running kept out of their reach. He 
 made several attempts to get one of their 
 horses, but could not succeed. Finding they 
 were no match for him on foot, they concluded 
 to run him down with h5r.ses, which they came 
 very near doing, and would have been success- 
 ful had it not been for an old Frenchman liv- 
 ing where old man Hivon lived, adjoining the 
 old Catholic church, on the north side of the 
 River liaisin. This Frenchman befriended 
 him by giving him a hoe for a weapon and 
 opening the trap door of his cellar, where Mr. 
 Knaggs. lost no time in hiding. The English 
 officers came up in hot pursuit, and, on asking 
 for Mr. Knaggs, vvere told that he had just 
 crossed the river, thereby throwing them off 
 his track. Mr. Knaggs, a few days atler, was 
 appointed a spy, and was also deputized to 
 carrj- the mail, a task many a brave man 
 shrank from, and at which many a one lost his 
 scalp. Mr. Knaggs often, on his mi.ssion with 
 the mail, came upon scenes that would nearly 
 paralj'ze him, seeing many times where the 
 
 red demons iiad hi'en but a few moments be- 
 fore, leaving as trophies of their barbarities 
 whole families tomahawked and mutilated in 
 all conceivable ways — the scalps of each indi- 
 vidual taken, little children cut to pieces, their 
 hearts taken out and rubbed against the look- 
 ing-glasses and window panes. This was a 
 common way of showing their cruelty. 
 
 Mr. Knaggs was a leading man among the 
 "Raisin men," who were called by General 
 Harrison "the best troops in the world," and 
 with them was engaged in the various battles 
 at Fort Meigs, Brovvnstown, in many conflicts 
 in the vicinity of Detroit, and under Colonel 
 Richard M. Johnson was present at the battle 
 of the Thames, and was the man who identi- 
 fied the body of Tecumseh, with whom he had 
 been well acquainted. 
 
 James Knaggs was the youngest of five 
 brothers, all of whom were active in the mil- 
 itary service. One of them was killed at 
 Chicago, another captured and carried to Hali- 
 fax. The mother of James was in the vicinity 
 at the time of the massacre, and one of those 
 specially designated by Colonel Proctor to bo 
 ordered away from the river. Although in her 
 eightieth 3-ear, roblied of everything and nearly 
 all.her clothing, she almost perished in escap- 
 ing in an open French train through the woods, 
 but reached Detroit in safety. When asked 
 how it happened that she did not perish, she 
 replied, " Mj' spunk kept me warm." 
 
 Mr. Knaggs married for his second wife the 
 widow of John Bt. Couture. He sold hisfjirm 
 on the River Raisin, and purchased the house 
 and lot next south of the Presbyterian churcli, 
 where he died in 185!), aged eight3--four. The 
 house has given place to the present residence 
 of Doctor P. S. Root. 
 
 In those early days, when banks and safes 
 were unknown in the West, it was customary 
 to conceal money in the earth in the vicinity 
 of their houses ; and when Mr. Knaggs lived 
 on his farm in Raisinville he was known to 
 have had hiding places for his money. At the 
 time of his death it was generallj' supposed he 
 had considerable money. Knowing his for- 
 mer habits, it was believed by the heirs that he 
 had continued the practice, and a verj' diligent 
 search was made. The whole lot in rear of the 
 church was spaded over a number of times in 
 hopes of finding buried treasure, but without 
 success. 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 The oldest daughter of James and Polly 
 Knaggs was born August 26, 1811, on the farm 
 known now as the Stadler farm, seven and a 
 half miles above Moni-oe. She was married 
 three times: first, to William Street, who was 
 the father of Job Street, of Caro, Michigan ; 
 second, to John Pegler; and last to Joseph G. 
 Navarre, of the town of Monroe. She died 
 February 27, 1886, after a lingering illness of 
 five months, at the residence of her brother, 
 George Knaggs, in Eaisinvillo. She was a 
 Christian in work and deeds, and in full com- 
 munion and faith of the Roman Catholicchureh, 
 leaving to mourn her loss one child, Job F. 
 Street — George, James, John and Robert 
 Knaggs, her brothers, and her only sister, Mrs. 
 Rebecca Rogers, all of whom have i-esided in 
 Monroe county the most of their lives. The 
 funeral services were held at St. Marj^'s church 
 in Monroe. 
 
 REVERKND FATHER GABRIEL RICHARD. 
 
 The early pioneer in a new countr}' is alwaj's 
 an object of interest, especiallj' to the incoming 
 generation ; and for the reason that the Rev- 
 erend Father Gabriel Richard for nearly a 
 quarter of a century, from 1805 to 1827, was 
 the most prominent and influential citizen in 
 the county of Monroe, I feel assured that an ex- 
 tended sketch of his labors will be well re- 
 ceived by many of our older citizens, who re- 
 member him with great pleasure and affection. 
 
 Gabriel Richard was born at Saintes, in the 
 department of Charente-Inferieur, France, on 
 the 15th of October, 1764, and was descended 
 on the side of his mother fi'om the illustrious 
 Bishop Bossuet, one of the most distinguished 
 divines of France, wiio lived during the reign 
 of Louis XIV. Having been placed at college 
 when quite young, and having finished his clas- 
 sical education and feeling himself called to the 
 ecclesiastical life, he entered the seminary of An- 
 gers, where he prosecuted his theological studies 
 with great success. He subsequently repaired 
 to Losy, near Paris, in order to qualify himself 
 for admi8.sion into tiie Society of St. Sulpice, a 
 congregation of secular priests, devoted to the 
 education of j"oung men for the ministry. At 
 the time of his elevation to the priesthood, in 
 the year 17!tl, his native countr}- was violently 
 agitated by the revolutionary spirit, whicii was 
 daily increasing in madness and in fury, threat- 
 
 ening the destruction of the established order 
 both in church and state. Owing to the un- 
 settled state of things in France, the superior 
 general of the Sulpicians determined with the 
 approbation of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Carroll, Bishop 
 of Baltimore, to send .some members of liis 
 society to the United States for the purjiose of 
 conducting an ecclesiastical seminary. In ac- 
 cordance with this arrangement several priests 
 of that congregation came to the city of Balti- 
 more in the year 1791, and were followed in 
 successive years by other members of the same 
 society. Among them was the subject of this 
 sketch, who arrived June 24, 1792, in company 
 with Rev. Messrs. Coquard, Matigon and 
 Marechal, whose names arc entitled to honor- 
 able mention in the history of the Catholic 
 church of this country. 
 
 As St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore was 
 not in such efficient operation as to require a 
 numerous corps of professors, Father Richard 
 and others of St. Sulpice willingly acceded to 
 the request of Bishop Carroll to aid in suj^ply- 
 ing the wants of the Catholic population scat- 
 tered throughout his extensive diocese, reach- 
 ing at that time from Maine to Tennessee and 
 from the Missls.sippi to the Atlantic Ocean. 
 With this view he accepted the pastoral charge 
 of the Catholics in Illinois, that is. at Prairie 
 de Roche, and in the neighboring country, 
 consisting chiefly of French Canadians. 
 
 In 1797 Father Richard visited the congre- 
 gation of a tribe of Indians named the Cahokias, 
 which numbered about three hundred souls, 
 and who possessed a h-audsome church erected 
 b}' the Rev. Mr. Leradoux, his predecessor. 
 These missions had been established more than 
 one hundred years previously by the early 
 Jesuit Fathers, who were afterward aided by 
 priest.t from the Seminary of Foreign Missions 
 at Paris ; but the supply of missionaries, espe- 
 cially after the recall of the Jesuit Fathers, was 
 altogether insufficient for the wants of the 
 Catholic population. Father Richard applied 
 himself in this distant and neglected field with 
 all the zeal and prudence which characterize 
 the true missionary, and he had the pleasure 
 of seeing his active efforts crowned with suc- 
 cess. He was, there'bre, invited by Bishop 
 Carroll to bo the assistant of Mr. Leradoux, for 
 the important services he had rendered to re- 
 ligion. He was insjiired by the hope that he 
 would be equally successful in a more respous- 
 
RIOORAPHIES OK EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 il)le situation at Detroit, where tiie wants of 
 the people loudly ealled for additional aid. 
 
 Thus after having devoted .six long j-ears of 
 his ininistrj- in Illinois, from Docenibor 14, 
 1702, up to the 22d of March, 171)8, he left for 
 Detroit, where the presence of a permanent 
 pastor was murdi needed. He arrived in June, 
 on the feast of Corpus Christi, accompanied bj- 
 the Kev. John Dilhet, also a Sulpician mis- 
 sionary. Rev. Mr. Lcradou.x, who had been 
 stationed at Detroit for several years, was alone 
 in the discharge of his clerical duties, was 
 quite advanced in years, and had sought relief 
 from hi.s bishop for the purpose of returning to 
 his native land. As soon as Father Richard 
 arrived, he immediately entered upon his 
 duties as pastor, and soon won the confidence 
 of those under his spiritual charge. At this 
 period the town of Detroit and vicinitj- con- 
 tained .some 1,800 Catholics, mostly of French 
 origin, with a large number scattered along the 
 border of our lakes and rivers and far into the 
 northern regions of Michigan. -'The French," 
 says Archbisho]) Spalding, "seem to have 
 visited Michigan as early as the3'ear 1(510. and 
 missionaries went thither occasionally soon 
 aftoi-, liul no jiriest ajjpears to have been sta- 
 tioned at Detroit before 1701." 
 
 ITardl3- had Father Richard been installed 
 ]iastor than he commenced to provide his 
 flock with all the elements of religion and ed- 
 ucation. Education at this period was at a very 
 low ebb, and his great aim was to stimulate his 
 parishioners with alove of learning. Here and 
 there, as occasion required, he established 
 school.s for their benefit. He was indefatigable 
 in the discharge of the duties of his ministiy ; 
 very austere in his habits arid mode of living, 
 for his meals were composed of food of the 
 simplest and coarsest kind ; his bed was of the 
 simplest material, and hardly comfortable; his 
 dress was of the coarsest and cheapest of cloth ; 
 yet he was courteous and affable to everj' one 
 who had tlie ])lcasure of his acquaintance, lie 
 commanded the highest respect, both from 
 Catholics and Protestants. He was a profound 
 theolou'ian, a good speaker, a good mathema- 
 tician, and eloquently thundered forth his 
 anathemas against the terrible vice of intem- 
 perance and the use of tobacco. The Catholics 
 of Detroit and vicinity consisted almost e.x- 
 clusivelj- of French Canadians; the remaining 
 'ihahilants of the town were mostly persons 
 
 whose vernacular toiig\ie was the Fnglish lan- 
 guage, but there were very few among them 
 who were Catholics. 
 
 About a 3'ear after his arrival in Detroit, he 
 visited the Catholic congregation on the Island 
 of Mackinaw and Point St. Ignace, where the 
 early Jesuit Fathers had established a mission 
 more than one hundred j-ears before. At these 
 stations and the fur-trading stations on Lakes 
 Superior and Huron the (treat Northwest 
 Com])an3^ of Montreal employed annually 1,700 
 men, almost all Canadians. Grand Portage 
 was then a trading-post, where nearly 1,000 
 men assembled in the summer time, and after a 
 short stay dispersed to their winter quarters. 
 Father Eichard found such an ui-gent demand 
 at Mackinaw for the instruction of j'outh and 
 the correction of the habits of those more ad- 
 vanced in years, that he was dispo.sed to re- 
 main there during the winter, having been 
 very urgently- invited to do so by the inhabit- 
 ants of the place. His services, however, were 
 too much needed at Detroit to admit of so long 
 an absence. He therefore returned to Detroit 
 in October, after having touched at St. Joseph'.s 
 Island and Sault Ste. Marie. One of the first 
 objects which secured immediate attention 
 was to repair and enlarge thechurch in the old 
 town, which was too small for the congrega- 
 tion. This he accomplished at an expen.se of 
 some 83,000, notwithstanding the low state of 
 his finances. U u fortunate I j- on the 11th of 
 June, in the year 1805, a most disastrous con- 
 flagration occurred, commencingat nine o'clock 
 in the morning and lasting until noon, when 
 every house was destroj-ed, together with his lit- 
 tle church, built by Father Hocque,a Franciscan 
 missionarj', in the \ear 175(1. 
 
 In 1805 Father Gabriel Richard vLsited the 
 church then located two miles above the ])i-es- 
 ent St. Mary's church, on the north side of the 
 River Raisin, on the farm formerly- known as 
 the ■' Momonic farm." From that time to the 
 3'ear 1827 he was energetic not onl3' in minis- 
 tering to the church, but was ver3' successful 
 in giving aid to, and obtaining aid fi-om the 
 (Tovernmcnt of the United States, for those who 
 had been rendered poor In' the desolations of the 
 war. Though he received aid and 'a.ssistance 
 from time to time from other priests, he had 
 supervision of this church until 1827. 
 
 As an indication of the esteem' and res])eft 
 in which he was held by his Protestant fcHow 
 
112 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 citizens, will state tluit in 1807 the Governor of 
 the Territory and other Protestant gentlemen 
 invited him to pi-each to them in the Euglisli 
 language. He accordingly held his English 
 meetings at noon every Sunday in the council 
 room, where he delivered instructions on the 
 general principles of the Christian religion. 
 
 Father Richard's zeal for his flock inspired 
 him with tiie idea of establishing a printing 
 press and commencing the publication of a 
 French paper and books. For this purpose he 
 sent to Baltimore for the type and press in 
 1809, and the material in due course of time 
 came by land over mountainous roads, accom- 
 panied by Mr. James M. Miller, the first printer 
 in Detroit. August 31, 1809, the first number of 
 a small sheet, entitled in French " Essai du 
 Michigan," made its appearance, and was con- 
 tinued for a time; but in those days the dis- 
 tance which sej)arated the people of the Terri- 
 tory, and the irregularity of the mails, led to 
 the discontinuance of his journal. His press, 
 however, which was the first introduced into 
 the northwestern portion of the United States, 
 and was for several years the only printing 
 apparatus in Michigan, did useful service under 
 his direction. He also had a bindery attached 
 to his printing office. The press was useful in 
 printing deeds and conveyances for the gov- 
 ernor and judges of the Territory, and when 
 the English took pos.se.ssion of Detroit in 1812, 
 General Brock's proclamation was printed on 
 it. The office, in consequence of the destruc- 
 tion of the old town, was for a long time located 
 at Springwells, in the house of Jacques Lasselle. 
 One part of the building served as a dwelling, 
 another part for his chapel, another for his 
 printing office, and another for a school. The- 
 ophilus Mettez, a native of Detroit, the ancestor 
 of a number of that name in our county, was 
 the first Michigan printer bo3^ 
 
 Father Eichard, by his fearless advocacy of 
 American principles and denunciations of the 
 tyranny of England, had made himself obnox- 
 ious to the British, who in the War of 1812 
 violently seized and carried him a prisoner to 
 Sandwich. During his captivity, by his elo- 
 quence and influence over the barbarous In- 
 dians, he persuaded many from torturing 
 American prisoners who unfortunately fell 
 into the hands of the British under the dis- 
 graceful surrender of General Hull. Upon 
 his return to Detroit, the consequence of the 
 
 devastating policy of the war was seen in the 
 extreme dearth of food, bordering on a famine, 
 to which his people were reduced. He purchased 
 a large quantity of provisions and distributed 
 them gratuitously to all who were in need, 
 and as long as scarcity lasted so long did his 
 untiring charity continue to the destitute. 
 
 Though a European by birth he was an 
 American in feeling, always evincing a firm 
 attachment to American institutions and re- 
 publican principles, and the influence he ex- 
 erted and the part which he took in the War 
 of 1812 evinced in an eminent degree the ex- 
 tent of his patriotism and the value he placed 
 on American liberty. 
 
 Father Richard petitioned the governor and 
 judges at a session held in October, 1806, and 
 upon his application they granted the land in 
 the "little military square," where the church 
 of St. Anne now stands, and where the gov- 
 ernor and judges designated that it should be 
 built. It had long been a cherished object of 
 Father Richard to lay the corner-stone upon 
 the anniversary of the destruction of the 
 church in the old town, and for this purpose 
 he had waited the arrival of his bishop for the 
 imposingceremony, which took place with much 
 pomp on the 11th day of June, 1818, just twelve 
 years aftei- the destruction of the old church. 
 He continued the work upon St. Anne's church 
 until his means were entirely exhausted, and 
 then his fertile imagination conceived the idea 
 of issuing due bills to the amount of several 
 hundred dollars, payable upon presentation, 
 the highest amount being one dollar, in order 
 that the work u])on his church might progress 
 with more rapidity. These due bills were 
 taken both bv contractors and workmen. But 
 he, like all other men, was destined to meet 
 with some trials and drawbacks in his under- 
 taking. One of his contractors, by the name 
 of Young, got hold in some mysterious way of 
 Father Richard's blank due bills and forged 
 his name to them to the amount of -S700 or 
 $800, which he freely circulated among the 
 people. Father Richard did not discover the 
 forgery until too late, when he had honestly 
 redeemed the whole amount. The rascality 
 and villainy of this contractor contributed 
 greatly in retarding the progress of this edi- 
 fice, which was the first one erected since the 
 fire of 1805. On this account the work upon 
 St. Anne's became suspended for a time for the 
 
BIOCRArFIIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 113 
 
 want of fuiuls. He resorted to another expe- 
 dient, lie now conceived the idea of con- 
 structing fishing seines, for the ])uri)Ose of 
 catching fish from the Detroit River, in order 
 to raise the necessarj' funds to continue the 
 work upon iiis church. Good fortune attended 
 his enterpri.se, and the consequence was that a 
 large quantitj- was salted and packed and sent 
 forward to the eastern markets, and there 
 found immediate sale, which enabled him to 
 continue his labors on the church. The pro- 
 ceeds of the sale of his fish, and what contri- 
 butions his poor congregation were enabled to 
 give from time to time, soon enabled him 
 to complete tlie basement so as to be used as a 
 chapel, and the services were held there for 
 several yeairs after, until the upper part was 
 finished. The mason-work was done b}" the 
 day, under his immediate superintendence. 
 The present bell in the eastern tower was 
 saved from the steeple of the old church in the 
 old town ; also the present pulpit, and two of 
 the side altars. 
 
 To Father Richard belongs the credit of im- 
 porting from France the first organ and the 
 first piano used in this part of the country. 
 The little organ was used for a time by him, 
 and given to the Trinity church (Irish) after 
 his death. It is now used, I understand, in 
 St. Joseph's church (German), on the corner 
 of Orleans and Gratiot streets, in Detroit. 
 
 In the j'car 1821 Father Ricliard had been 
 invited to assist at the conclusion of the treaty 
 by the Pottawatomie Indians between them 
 and the governor of the Northwest, which was 
 to take place at Chicago. He hoped to assist 
 them in their petition to have a missionary 
 stationed among them. From thence he pro- 
 ceeded by land to Cincinnati, and was present 
 at the ordination of the Rev. Viticent Badin, 
 who, a few da3's after, accompanied liim to 
 Detroit as an assistant missionary. In Decem- 
 ber, 1822, there were only five churches, or 
 chapels, in Michigan and the Northwest, with 
 a Catholic population of about 6,000 whites, and 
 a number among the different savage tribes of 
 that region. For the service of this immense 
 district of country at that time. Father Richard 
 bad no assistance but that of Reverend Father 
 Badin. 
 
 In the year 1823 he was elected a delegate 
 to represent the interests of Michigan in Con- 
 gress. His competitors were General John R 
 
 AViliiams and Major John IJidiilc. It was with 
 the hope of being useful to his fellow-citizens, 
 and of liquidating debts incurred in building 
 his church, that he had consented to become a 
 candidate for congressional honors. But the 
 .seat was contested bj' Major Biddlc, upon the 
 ground that he was not a citizen of the United 
 States, as not having gone through the (brniula 
 of naturalization. A committee of the House 
 of Kepresentatives was ap])ointcd to investi- 
 gate the case, and reported that it was not, in 
 his case, necessary. His demeanor in the 
 House commanded great respect ; he spoke but 
 little, that little wisely, and accomplished 
 much for his constituents. The appropriations 
 for roads made at his instance, and other acts, 
 attest the efficienc}' of his services in the 
 national legislature, especially his exertions in 
 behalf of the Indian tribes who belonged to 
 his flock, who had made liim the bearer of 
 many petitions to the President of the United 
 States. 
 
 After serving a term in Congress with honor 
 to himself and credit to his constituents, he was 
 again nominated and put forward by his 
 friends against the late Austin E. Wing. The 
 contest was quite warm and animated, but this 
 time he was defeated, when six more votes 
 would have elected him. Some of our French 
 Catholic citizens would not support him, for 
 the reason they thought that a priest had no 
 business in legislative halls. His .salary- for 
 the term he did serve w-as used b}- him in 
 liquidating the debts he had incurred in build- 
 ing St. Anne's church. The Rev. Father Gat- 
 ilzin, a distinguished missionary of that perioii, 
 remarked to him, " When I heard of your elec- 
 tion to Congress I disapproved of it at once; 
 but I have the honor to inform you that if you 
 can manage to have a scat in Congress all your 
 life, you will do more good for religion with 
 your influence and salary than many other 
 missionaries with all theirzcal and preaching." 
 Mr. Levi E. Dolsen relates the following : 
 "When Daniel Webster was in Detroit in 
 1836, he made a speech in the old Cass orchard, 
 about where James F. Joy's house now stands. 
 After the speech, I remember, in speaking to 
 me of our representative in Congress at that 
 time, the Hev. Gabriel Richard, he paid Mr. 
 Richard the high compliment of .'<aying that 
 lie was the smartest foreigner he hail ever 
 known. 
 
114 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COIINTV, MICHIGAN. 
 
 " Tliei'e was an intorestini; incident con- 
 nected witli the election of Kicliard to Con- 
 gress. He was a Catholic pi'iest, and came of 
 the best blood of Prance. When the revolu- 
 tion was beheading all the nobility, the Rev. 
 Eichard wa.s ncarlj' caught by Robespierre. 
 He jumped from a window, and a woman 
 threw a teapot and cut an ugly gash in his 
 cheek, the scar of which was in plain view to 
 the end of his life. After living for several 
 days in the sewers of Paris he escaped, and 
 reached Baltimore in 1796. Two years later, 
 in 1798, he reached Detroit. His statue is one 
 of the four on the city hall. In 1823, just about 
 the time the reverend gentleman was elected 
 to Congress, a man named Labadie deserted 
 his wife in Montreal, came to Detroit, married 
 again, and engaged in the mercantile business. 
 He was excommunicated from the church by 
 the Rev. Father Richard, and the French 
 people, who had been his principal patrons, 
 stopped trading with him. Labadie procured 
 the arrest of the priest for slander, and he was 
 confined in jail. When tlie time came for him 
 to go to Congress, the turnkey entered the 
 corridor one morning, when the pi-iest ap- 
 proached him with majestic mien, and a lofty 
 wave of the hand, and said : 
 
 "'Stand aside, I am on my way to Con- 
 gress.' 
 
 " The turnkej' was so overwhelmed with the 
 majestic bearing of the man that he offered no 
 opposition, and Father Richard took his seat 
 on time. Ijiibadic afterward sued him and got 
 a judgment of 11,1(10, but never collected a 
 cent " 
 
 Among the Pottawatomies, he, with Father 
 Stephen Badin, labored wnth great success. 
 Nothing can be more affecting or more edify- 
 ing than the interview which took place in 
 July, 1830, between the chief of this tribe, 
 Pokegon, and Father Richard, to whom he 
 had applied for a resident missionary. After 
 supplicating the Father in the most earnest 
 manner to send a priest to the Pottawatomies, 
 ho observed to him that they prayed everj' 
 morning and evening, men, women and chil- 
 dren, and fasted two days before Sunday, 
 according to the traditions of their ancestors. 
 "There," said ho, " arc the prayers we have 
 learned; see if I know them properlj'." Then 
 falling upon his knees and making the sign of 
 the cross with great respect, he recited the Our 
 
 Father, Hail Mary, the Apostles Creed, and tlie 
 Ten Commandments, without the slightest 
 mistake. Father Richard was deeply affected 
 by this address, and bj^ the means which had 
 been placed in his bands by the " Association 
 for the Propagation of the Faith," he was en- 
 abled to provide more effectually for the wants 
 of the district under his charge. He had the 
 ])leasure of seeing churches erected in different 
 places, and schools established at Green Bay, 
 Arbecrocke and St. Joseph's; and instead of 
 one priest to assist him in his labors, he now 
 had eight devoting themselves with zeal to the 
 missionary work. 
 
 In the year 1832 that scourge of nations, the 
 Asiatic cholera, smote the people of Detroit 
 and laid prostrate man)- of its inhabitants. 
 Detroit, at this season, presented the sjiectacle 
 of a deserted city, with nearly one-half of its 
 inhabitants either dead or dying, and the rest 
 had taken flight to other parts through fear. 
 In the midst of this awful epidemic, Gabriel 
 Richard was at his post, faithful and true to his 
 flock. Amidst the dj-ing and the dead he was 
 administering the consolations of religion, da}' 
 and night; and though afflicted himself with 
 .symptoms of the prevailing epidemic for nearly 
 three months, and most of the time gi-eatly de- 
 bilitated, he never ceased discharging the 
 duties of his office with his accustomed zeal, 
 until he was completely overpowered by dis- 
 ease. When, a few days after the attack, he 
 was informed that he could not survive it, he 
 received the last sacrament of the church, and 
 calmly expired with the words of the holy 
 Simeon on his lips: " Now, O Lord, let thj' 
 servant clei)art in peace, according to thj' 
 word." Thus, after exercising his ministry 
 nearly alone for the space of twenty-four 
 j^ears, and after a residence in the city of 
 Detroit of thirty-four years and six months, he 
 departed this life on the 13th day of Septem- 
 ber, A. 1). 1832, at the age of sixty-seven 
 years, eleven months and two days. 
 
 Bishop Fenwick, in speaking of him, said : 
 ■' He was the oldest, the most respectable, and 
 the most meritorious missionary in Michigan." 
 With this distinguished appreciation of Father 
 Richard's worth as an apostle, he had no hesi- 
 tation in recommending him, some yeai's be- 
 fore his death, as a priest eminently qualified 
 bj- his zeal, learning and piety, to be appointed 
 the first Bishop of Detroit. 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARI-Y SETTLERS. 
 
 115 
 
 Flis mortal remains now lie entombed in his 
 own beloved St. Anne's church, and his immor- 
 tal spirit has ascended to the Got! who ijavc it. 
 He lives in the best affections of his people who 
 yet survive him, and is engraven on their 
 memories. 
 
 ISADORE NAVARRE, 
 
 Brother of Colonel Francis Navarre, came 
 from Detroit some three ^-ears after his brother. 
 He settled on the farm east of his brother and 
 west of the Lake Shore railroad, on the south 
 bank of the Kiver Raisin. lie was born in 
 17l)S, at Detroit, and married in 1795 the 
 daughter of Francois Descompto Labadie. 
 Their eldest son, Isadore, born in 1796, though 
 a mere stripling, served in the war of 1812. 
 lie married Marie, daughter of Louis and Marie 
 Joselte Lebeau. Monique, his daughter, mar- 
 ried John Askin, eldest son of Colonel James 
 Askin, of Sandwich. His eldest daughter, 
 Agathe, was married to Lambert Conchois, who 
 was then a clerk in the dry goods store of the 
 late Hon. Daniel B. .Miller. At the old Catho- 
 lic church, two miles above the then village of 
 Monroe, Mr. Miller and Hon. Harry Conant, 
 with their wives, attended the ceremony and 
 wedding, and the eldest daughter of Daniel B. 
 Miller, Agathe, now Mrs Zabriskee, was christ- 
 ened, and took her name from Mrs. Conchois. 
 Lambert Conchois' daughter married H. Du- 
 rell ; Mrs. Durell inherited the two-storj- brick 
 house and extensive grounds on Front street, 
 the former residence of her father. 
 
 ROBERT NAVARRE, 
 
 The oldest son of Colonel Francis Navarre, 
 was the first white male child born in the 
 county of Monroe, and lived until the day of 
 his death in Monroe, on the rear of tlie home- 
 stead farm originally ceded to his father. He 
 remained, until within a few days of his death, 
 at the age of ninety years, in the full posses- 
 sion of all his faculties, and at that late day 
 has described to me with wonderful animation 
 and through tears, the cruelties and atrocious 
 barbarities of the Indians under Colonel Proc- 
 tor at the massacre of the noble sons of Ken- 
 tucky, very passionately describing them, and 
 as vividly as though occurring before him. 
 
 He had then attained his twentj-first year, and 
 was living with his father ; he was awakened 
 before daybreak on the morning of the defeat 
 of General Winchester b\- his father's arousing 
 General Winchester and his officers, who were 
 somewhat bewildered at hearing from the 
 battleground the booming of cannon, the sharp 
 crack of the rifle and report of musketry. 
 Robert Navarre, with Platte Navarre, his 
 cousin, who, for many years, and until his 
 death, resided in the rear of the church farm, 
 so called, about one and a half miles north of 
 the River Raisin on the road to Flat Rock, 
 both of whom were enlisted in the cavalry 
 (now well remembered by our citizens), with 
 others that were pressed into the service, were, 
 with their ponies and French trains, u.sed in 
 transporting the wounded American prisoners 
 that had escaped the tomahawk and scalping 
 knife, from Frenchtown to Maiden. His family 
 reside in this vicinity. 
 
 JOSEPH ROBERT. 
 
 The representations of Colonel Francis Na- 
 varre on his return to Detroit gave a glowing 
 description to the French Canadians of Detroit 
 and those residing opposite Detroit on the 
 Canadian side of the river. He told of the 
 banks on either side of the River Raisin, with 
 vines laden with clusters of wild grapes; the 
 rich soil, admirably adapted for farming pur- 
 po.ses, with prairie and heavily timbered land ; 
 with a river abounding in whitefish, sturgeon, 
 l)ickerel and bass, with fine opportunities for 
 trapping. By his representations he induced 
 about one hundred families, in the years 1788 
 and 1784, to emigrate and settle on the River 
 Raisin. Joseph Robert, the subject of this 
 sketch, and his brotliers Isadore and Francis 
 were of the number, all of whom purchased 
 farms on the south side of the rivci-. Jose])h 
 purchased the right, title and interest acquired 
 by possession of one Labrush, a Yankee who 
 had married a squaw. This farm, before plat- 
 ting into city lots, was known as the Suzor 
 farm, the front part of which is now owned by 
 the heirs of Peter Tatro and George W. Strong 
 and the rear by the new Monroe County Agri- 
 cultural Society and the .Agricultural and Live 
 Slock Improvement Compan}'. The site of 
 the log house built by Joseph Robert was upon 
 
116 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tlie rise oC gi-duiid back from the rivci-, and 
 was tlie same as tlie pi'esent site of the two- 
 story frame building owned by the heirs of 
 Tatro. It had a comniauding view of the 
 Britisli forces and their operations at the time 
 of the massacre of 1813. Joseph Robert was 
 the fathoi' of eigiit sons and f(Mir daugiiters. 
 Stephen, the eldest, is now eighty-five yeai's 
 of age, and remarkabl}- well ])reserved; he 
 was boi'n on the homestead flirm ; now resides 
 in the third ward of the city of Monroe. His 
 sister Monique married John Lemerand, the 
 father of Eli Lemerand, for two years the 
 supervisor of the fourth ward in the city of 
 Monroe, now deceased. Mary Ann married 
 Stephen Reaume, who owned and occupied the 
 farm on the opposite side of the River Raisin, 
 composing a part of the homestead farm now 
 owned and occupied by Mr. Dubois. Clara 
 married a brother of John Lemerand, and 
 Mary married Lyman McQuillen ; Joseph 
 married Miss Latone ; Hubert married Miss 
 Reaume; and Alexis married Miss Geshon — 
 all residents of Monroe count}-. 
 
 The French settlers were, with few excep- 
 tions, in full sympathy with the Americans, 
 and hostile in feeling to tiio British and their 
 allies. Thej' were regarded by the Indians as 
 entitled to their protection, and were seldom 
 hy tliem molested, while the Indians associated 
 with the British army seldom lost an opportu- 
 nity of killing, scalping and tomahawking the 
 Americans. Mr. Joseph Robert very distinctly 
 remembers, though but a lad at the time, the 
 scenes at the homestead on the morning of the 
 second battle The floor, and in fact all of the 
 available room, was occupied with contractors 
 and those in various ways connected with the 
 American army. They were all aroused by a 
 cannon ball, which carried away one end of 
 the gable roof of the house. Immediately 
 thereafter the bullets were flying thick. The 
 blinds were closed as soon as possible, and the 
 famil}' sought refuge in the cellar, while the 
 men were advised to and did flee by the marsh 
 and Plaisance Bay on the ice, as the forests in 
 the rear and south were swarming with hostile 
 Indians. One Henderson lingered on account 
 of his children, who had with him fled to 
 Robert's for safetj', whom he reluctantl}' left 
 with Mr. Robert and fled for Ohio, Mr. Robert 
 assuring him that if he remained he would not 
 only be killed, but his (Robert's) family would 
 
 be slaughtered for harboring a Yankee, or Big 
 Knife, as they were termed by the Indians. 
 
 Prior to the second battle, Messrs. Mul- 
 hollen, Egnew and Hunter drove and left with 
 Mr. Robert a large number of live stock, be- 
 lieving they would be safe with him, and fled 
 for Ohio. Mr. Robert subsequently received a 
 letter from an official of the British army at 
 Maiden, requesting him to come to Maiden. 
 He complied with the request and returned 
 with over a bushel of silver coin, all in quarter 
 of a dollar pieces, authorized to comjiensate 
 Mulhollen, Egnew and Hunter for the stock 
 seized from Robert. On the morning after the 
 defeat of General Winchester's army, one 
 Indian chief with eleven followers came into 
 the house, laden with scalps of killed and 
 wounded American soldiers, threw them down 
 on the middle of the floor, and required the 
 women to tear from all the windows the calico 
 curtains and the bed curtains ; they then appro- 
 priated them for wraj^ping and tying up the 
 scalps. Soon thereafter Joseph Robert re- 
 moved his family for safety to Detroit, and did 
 not return home until the following October. 
 
 Francis Robert, brother of Joseph, and 
 father of our highly esteemed citizen, Antoine 
 F. Robert, owned and occupied until the specu- 
 lating days of 1835, the eastern farm on the 
 south side of the River Raisin, the Iront of 
 which is occupied by warehouses and docks, 
 and now owned by our fellow-citizen, the Hon. 
 Joseph M. Sterling. 
 
 JAMES MULHOLLEN, 
 
 A boy seven years of age, with his father's 
 family emigrated from Ireland, and first set- 
 tled in Steuben count}', in the State of New 
 York. At the age of twenty-one he married 
 Sarah Egnew, the daughter of Samuel Egnew, 
 and in the year 1806 with a family of five 
 children, Polly, Eliza, John, James and Jane, 
 sought a home in the western wilderness. With 
 Samuel Egnew ho purchased at six dollars per 
 acre the tract now constituting part of the first 
 ward of tlie city of Monroe, fronting upon the 
 south side of the River Raisin, bounded on the 
 east b}- the United States turnpike, and on the 
 west bj' the western boundary of the German 
 Lutheran church, extending south from the 
 river to Plumb Creek. The west half of the 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 117 
 
 farm b}' the division fell to Mr. Janu's Miilhol- 
 len, and the east to Samuel Egnew. The .site 
 of the first log-house is now occupied by the 
 German Catholic school house, opposite the 
 " Isle of Patnios," formerly the residence of 
 Charles James Lanman, and subsequently that 
 of George B. Harleston, adjoining the German 
 Catholic church. The roads on the north and 
 south borders of the Eiver liaisin followed the 
 meandering of the river for ten miles west. 
 The site of the village (now cit}') of Monroe 
 was at that time occupied as farming land, and 
 ton years thereafter was platted by Joseph 
 Loranger into village lots. 
 
 Of the family of nine children, five were 
 born before the removal to the River Raisin; 
 one of whom, Jane, died at the age of fourteen. 
 
 Polly, who married Otia Stowell, for many 
 years resided on what is known as the Bacon 
 lot, on Monroe street, now owned by Elizabeth 
 Custer, widow of the late General George 
 Custer. 
 
 Eliza married James Cortiell. who fi)ll()wed 
 the trade of a carpenter in Monroe. He pur- 
 chased a larm on the United States turnpike 
 leading from Monroe to Maumee, about eight 
 miles south of Monroe, erected a two story brick 
 house, the first in the town of Ei'ie, and foi- 
 many years kept a hotel. 
 
 John MulhoUen, son of James, for many 
 years and until the infirmities of age disquali- 
 fied him, was a very daring, courageous and 
 efficient executive officer of the city and county. 
 He married for his first wife Abby Choate,and 
 for his second wife the widow of Silas Lewis, 
 one of the pioneers of the county. 
 
 James Mulhollen purchased and resided upon 
 to the time of his death, a farm about seven 
 miles south of Monroe, upon which James, one 
 of his sons, still resides. 
 
 Four children were born after the arrival of 
 .lames Mulhollen on the Eiver liaisin, viz.: 
 Samuel, Sarah, Aurilia and Daniel. 
 
 Sanuiel, who married Miss Gager, of Monrge, 
 purchase<l a farm one mile south of Vienna, 
 which is under a high state of cultivation ; was 
 very prosperous and quite ])romiiient as a 
 . politician in the town and county. One of his 
 daughters married the Hon. Christian Ilertzler, 
 i'or many years supervisor of the town of Erie 
 and member of the State legislature. His 
 daughter Cora married Dr. Brigham, a jirac- 
 ticing physician of Toledo. 
 
 Aurilia married Sylve.sttM- Brown, a very 
 successful farmer of eminent ])iety. In hisohl 
 age they sold the farm and purchased a i-esi- 
 dencc in the cit}^ of Monroe, whore they lived 
 the remainder of their days. 
 
 Sarah married John P. Eowc, a gentleman of 
 culture, a graduate of Middlebury College, 
 who for some time alter he arriveil at the 
 River Raisin, taught a very popular school in 
 Monroe. He was very industrious, energetic 
 and persevering, and accumulated a large for- 
 tune, owning at the time of his death a number 
 of valuable farms in Erie. Their only daughtei- 
 married George Kirtland, and is now a widow, 
 residing on a highl}' cultivated farm four miles 
 south of Vienna inherited from her father. 
 Their only son, Charles Rowe, is like his father 
 in many respects. He is the owner of a num- 
 ber of farms in the town of Erie, has an elei,'ant 
 brick residence near Vienna, with all modern 
 improvements, capacious barns, very valuable 
 improved stock of blooded cattle and horses, to 
 which he has given much time and attention. 
 He married Sarah Ivinney, of Pennsylvania. 
 They are highly esteemed as neighbors, and 
 deservedly popular as citizens. Mrs. Sarah 
 Rowe, the mother of Charles, was a lady of 
 cultivation and refinement — eminent for her 
 piety and Christian virtues — a very liberal 
 contributor to all charitable purposes, espe 
 cially in the interest she manifested in the pros- 
 perity of the First Presbyterian church of Erie, 
 of which she was one of the early members 
 and founders. To the building of the new- 
 brick church and parsonage she very liberallj' 
 contributed. Her removal by death in the 
 spring of 1887, aged over eighty years, was 
 mourned by the citizens of Erie and Monroe, 
 who appreciated her worth and Christian 
 character. 
 
 Daniel Mulhollen, the youngest son of James 
 Mulhollen, inherited from his father the home- 
 stead farm, situated two miles south of Monroe 
 on the main road from Monroe to Toledo. He 
 resided thereon up to the time of his death, at 
 the age of seventy-four j'ears. He was a very 
 successful farmer. Married Elizabeth Choate, 
 of Monroe. Had a family of eight children. 
 The son Daniel married Selena Iveson, owns 
 the farm directly south of the old homestead, 
 and has built a handsome and spacious two- 
 story brick house, with fine barns, and is re- 
 garded as one of the best and most prosperous 
 
118 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 fanners iu the county. They have two chi 
 (Jren : Allen, aged Hi; Gertrude, aged 9. 
 
 JAMKS BKXTLEY 
 
 W'a.s born >{oveniber 5, 1784, in England; was 
 a s:oldier and fought in the battle of Copen- 
 hagen, but deserted in August, 1803, and came 
 to the River Raisin, joining the American 
 army under Captain Isaac Lee. He enlisted 
 the same dav with the " Robb boys," neigh- 
 bors on the farm next adjoining on the west 
 (the Downing farm). James Bentley, imme- 
 diately after the surrender of Winchester's 
 army, with sixteen others joined Harrison's 
 army at Mauniee, and fought at the battle of 
 Fort Meigs. While stationed at Fort Meigs ho 
 frequently ran the gauntlet with others to pro- 
 cure water for the fort from the river. Sur- 
 rounded as it then was by the British and 
 Indians, it proved very hazardous, as many 
 thus employed were picked off by Indians 
 concealed in ambush. He was regarded as 
 very courageous, and w'as often sent on the 
 most hazardous enterprises in can-ying orders 
 from post to post through the then vast wilder- 
 nesses of Ohio and Michigan. He carried the 
 mail from Maumee to Detroit, sometimes on 
 horseback by the Indian trails, and often in a 
 canoe with an Indian to paddle the boat. He 
 fought at the battle of the Thames, and saw 
 the bodj- of the Indian chief Tecumseh soon 
 after he was killed by Colonel Richard M. 
 Johnson, assisting James Knaggs and Medard 
 Labadie in carrying Colonel Johnson from the 
 battlefield when wounded. During the war 
 the same trio captured a British officer, Mc- 
 Culloch by name, on account of which a re- 
 ward of five hundred dollars was offered for 
 the capture and delivery at Maiden of each of 
 them. 
 
 James Bentley was married in 1816 to 
 Amanda Barker, w'ho came to River Raisin in 
 May, 1815, with her step-father, H. Brooks, in 
 an open boat from the Huron river. Stephen 
 Downing, father of Nelson Downing, now in 
 Montana, accompanied thorn on their bois- 
 terous and dangerous trip. James Bentley 
 was a member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church. In 1817 he settled on the farm in the 
 town of Monroe commonly known by the 
 family name as the "Bentley farm," and lived 
 
 thereon until his death, which occurred August 
 13, 1864, leaving four .sons and six daughters. 
 Samuel A. Bentley was born in 1810; now re- 
 sides in Allegan, Michigan. James was born 
 August 14, 1822; now resides iu Kent countj', 
 Michigan. John was born September 18, 1824; 
 resides at Rock Falls, Illinois. William, born 
 January 1.5, 1839, resides at Ipswich. Dakota. 
 The oldest daughter, Tryphena, was born in 
 1817; married Harlow P. Hawkins, who re- 
 sided until very recently on his farm on the 
 Plaisance Baj- road, near the citj- of Monroe. 
 Clymene Bentley was born January 11, 1827; 
 married Robert Clark, now living in Lasselle, 
 in Monroe county. Mary M. Beutlej', born in 
 1829, married James M. Martin, now residing 
 in Monroe. Emmie, born February 18, 1832, 
 resides with lier mother in the city of Monroe. 
 Amanda, born April 9, 1841, married William 
 Stoddard, the son of oneof the pioneers, Orson 
 Stoddard. Eliza was born September 25, 1844 ; 
 married Jabez Smith; resides at Saline, Wash- 
 tenaw county, ^lichigan. 
 
 JACQUES LASSELLK, 
 
 Brother of Colonel Francis and Antoine Las- 
 selle, was the most enterprising and shi-ewdest 
 Indian trader of the three brothers, and became 
 by far the wealthiest man in the Territorj- 
 outside of Detroit. He always had in his em- 
 ploy a large number of Indians, half-breeds 
 and Canadian Frenchmen. Some fortj- log- 
 houses were built by him on the north side of 
 the River Raisin, about five miles above the 
 then town of Frenchtown, now city of Monroe, 
 on the land known as the Caldwell tract. As 
 late as the year 1836 forty-five farms, mostly 
 on the north and south banks of the River 
 Raisin, were owned by Mrs. Major Caldwell, 
 inherited from her father, Jacques Lasselle. At 
 an earl)- day quite a controversy arose between 
 the settlers located on the Caldwell tract (it 
 being quite a village) and those on the banks 
 of the River Raisin (constituting now the citj' 
 of Monroe) as to where the first Catholic church 
 should bo placed. A compromise was effected 
 by locating it midway between the two on the 
 Momonie and Hivon farm, two and a half miles 
 above the citj-. 
 
 The Lasselles were natives of Montreal, allied 
 and related to the celebrated explorer and ad 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 119 
 
 venturer, Robert De La Salle, promiucnt in all 
 histories and sketches of the early explorers 
 and adventurers in the nortliwest territory. 
 The Lasselles made all their purchases at 
 Montreal lor stocking their trading-posts and 
 stores with goods and merchandise for traffic 
 with the Indians, and transported them l)y 
 large pirogues and canoes, or small boats man- 
 ned by four or six half-breeds and Frenchmen. 
 On one of the return trips Mr. Jacques Las- 
 sella accompanied his two daughters, Marie 
 Antoinette and Julia, to Montreal, and placed 
 them in the convent, where they remained a 
 number of years and returned very attractive 
 and accomplished young ladies, .lulia married 
 a Mr. Percy, died young and without issue. 
 -Marie Antoinette inherited the large fortune 
 of her father, and married Major Caldwell, an 
 oflScer of the British army. It is said by the 
 early settlers that he was (with what authority 
 I cannot state) an officer under Colonel Proctor 
 at the battle of the River Raisin. Major Cald- 
 well retired under half paj- from the British 
 Government on the farm four miles west of the 
 present city of Monroe. He was a very cour- 
 teous, refined and cultivated gentleman of 
 elegant leisure, unaccustomed to labor, and 
 spent the most of the latter part of his life in 
 his library ; also made extensive collections of 
 minerals, birds and Indian relics. Well do I 
 remember how wonderful and interesting the 
 collection appeared to me, having never before 
 as a boj' witnessed anything to me so marvelous. 
 The eldest daughter, Adeline, married tiie late 
 Hon. Frank Johnson, who was for years before 
 his marriage employed b\" Major Calilwell as a 
 private teacher in his family. The major had 
 a large family of .sons and daughters; all of 
 those now living reside in the county of ifon- 
 roe. Mrs. Caldwell lived to a good old age, 
 and died at Monroe Dec. HI, 1881, one of the 
 most accomplished ladies of her day. Ciiarles 
 H. Caldwell, a grandson of Major Caldwell, 
 resides in Monroe, and is now associated with 
 the office of the Monroe iJemocra?, published in 
 this city, and at this time clerk of the county 
 of Monroe. 
 
 ANTOINK LA8SKLLE, 
 
 Uue of the earliest Indian traders before the 
 War of 1812, settled on the farm on the north 
 side of the River Raisin, and built the first two- 
 
 stor^' brick residence in the settlement. The 
 farm was owned for many years and known as 
 the Noyes W. Wadsworth farm ; the latter 
 gentleman set out the maple trees that consti- 
 tute the beautiful grove in front of the Ives 
 farm (so called), now owned by the lion. 
 Samuel P. Williams, of Lima, Indiana. 
 
 aJLONia. FRANCI.S LASSKI.l.K 
 
 And his brothers Jacques and Antoine were 
 the earliest Indian traders in this vicinity. 
 Colonel Francis settled on the farm on the 
 north side of the River Raisin commonly 
 known as the Humphrey farm, now owned and 
 occupied by the heirs of the late Hon. David 
 A. Noble. His store was in a log-house on his 
 farm, situated on the north border of the river, 
 on the north side of the road — the road in 
 those days following the bank of the river. 1 
 well remember him as an exceedingly coui'- 
 teous old gentleman, with a very pleasing ad- 
 dress. His beautiful and accomplished daughter 
 married the late David Navarre, son of Francis 
 Navarre, and father of Frank Navarre. The 
 latter has been for many years and is now the 
 deservedly popular baggagemastcr at the Lake 
 Shore depot in this city. 
 
 .lAMES MOOItE 
 
 came to the River Raisin in the year ISOU, and 
 settled upon the farm known as the Gale farm. 
 He had but one child, Martha, who inhei'ited 
 the farm. In the summer of 1812, he, in com- 
 mon with the Americans on the River Raisin, 
 escaped to Ohio. At the time of his escape 
 the country south of the River Raisin was in- 
 fested with Indians, and communication with 
 Ohio intercepted. Mr. Moore, with his wife 
 and daughter, took a northerly course on horse- 
 back ; swam their horses from Trenton to 
 Grosse Isle, pursued by the Indians. Previous 
 to leaving, the Indians had plundered the house 
 of everj'thing excepting a set of silver spoons. 
 Mr. Moore and his family escaped from Grosse 
 Isle in a bark canoe", paddling along the lake 
 shore until they reached Cleveland. He re- 
 turned with his family to the River Raisin in 
 1814, with Messrs. Samuel Mulhollen and 
 Egnew. Mr. Moore died in 182G ; his wife 
 
120 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 survived him until the year 1842. His daugh- 
 ter married, late in the fall of 1817, Samuel 
 Gale, who subsequently sold the east part of 
 the farm to the county of Monroe. He was a 
 millwright, and built most of the mills on the 
 River Raisin. Died in the \ ear 1848. The 
 west part of the farm was afterwards sold by 
 the estate to the county of Monroe, and is now 
 known as the poor-house farm. 
 
 Samuel and Martha (Moore) Gale had eleven 
 children: William P. Gale, the father of Austin 
 Gale; the latter now resides in Monroe, a very 
 successful teacher iu vocal and instrumental 
 music. Mar}-, who first married Mr. Frisbee, 
 to whom Edgar and Emma were born ; she 
 subsequently married Luther Bisbee ; Nellie 
 was the daughter of the second marriage. Hib- 
 bard, who married and had three children; 
 moved to Wisconsin, and from thence to 
 Kansas. James, now deceased, has three chil- 
 dren living at Ludington. Jerusha and Martha 
 died unmarried. Joseph Gale married Mrs. 
 Harrington; now residents of Monroe. Nathan 
 lived on the homestead farm, where he died, 
 leaving five children, who now reside in the 
 State of New York. Lydia married Henry 
 Younglove, and resides on the farm on the 
 south side of the River Raisin, in Raisinvillc, 
 on the east part of the farm known as the 
 Farwell form. Henry was shot in a battle 
 near Richmond in 1864. Franklin was killed 
 at the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862. 
 
 SAMUEL EGNEW, 
 
 In consequence of the contests in Ireland be- 
 tween the Orangemen and Defenders or Rib- 
 bonmen, felt the necessity of seeking a home 
 elsewhere. He came to America, and first 
 settled in Steuben county, in the State of New 
 . York, where James MulhoUen resided, who 
 had preceded him about ten years. In 1806 
 he came to the River Raisin with James Mul- 
 hoUen, who had married his daughter, Sarah. 
 They together jiurchased at six doUai-s per 
 acre the tract lying between Monroe sti'eet and 
 Smith street, the German Catholic church 
 property being on the west line, and fronting 
 on the river, and extending south to Plumb 
 Creek, comprising the eastern part of the first 
 ward of the city of Monroe. This tract was 
 divided, Egnew taking for his part the west 
 
 half, and James MulhoUen the east half Jarcd, 
 the son of Samuel Egnew, a prosperous and 
 highlj' esteemed farmer, is now living in the 
 town of Erie, for many years an elder in the 
 Presbyterian church of Erie. Samuel Egnew 
 was a very courageous and energetic pioneer, 
 and for some time prior to and during the War 
 of 1812, enjoyed the confidence of American 
 officers, and frequently carried messages and 
 orders between the different posts of the Ameri- 
 can army. 
 
 JACQUES NAVARRE, 
 
 Brother of Colonel Francis Navarre, joint 
 owner with him of the large tract ceded by the 
 Pottawatomie Indians by deed, a fac-siraile of 
 which may be found opposite page 94, occupied 
 that portion of the tract which adjoins, and is 
 bounded on the east by the Hull road, now 
 Lake Shore railroad, which he occupied to the 
 time of his death. Mrs. Mary Ann Navarre, 
 widow of the late Mr. Jacques Navarre, was 
 born in Detroit, and was the daughter of the 
 late Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Lafertier, one of the 
 oldest and most respectable French families of 
 that city, and therefore participators in manj^ 
 of the thrilling scenes incident to those eai'ly 
 times in the frontier of Michigan. Her hus- 
 band was a brother of the late Colonel Fran- 
 cis Navari'e, and was one of several brothers of 
 the Navarre family, who, by their valor and 
 manly daring in the defense of our country 
 against the enemy in the War of 1812, have 
 given their name a conspicuous place in the 
 history of that war and of Michigan, and by 
 their high sense of honor in their private deal- 
 ings with men, as well as bj- their warm hos- 
 pitality in sharing their home comforts and 
 social pleasures with the weary traveler and 
 pioneer of the West in their early times, have 
 endeared their memory to the old inhabitants 
 of River Raisin and Detroit, and secured for 
 their descendants a high respect from all who 
 knew them. Mrs. Navarre died October 20, 
 1863; she was a very fine old lady, much loved 
 and esteemed bj^ a large circle of friends and 
 relatives for her kind and amiable disposition 
 and Christian devotion to her church. Those 
 of us who knew something of the courtly 
 manners and social characteristics that dis- 
 tinguished the early French of Detroit and 
 River Raisin, note with sadness their rapid 
 
^,J^^^^M^^i>9u/ti:r 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 121 
 
 disappearance from our midst, giving place to 
 a more lieartless and speculative generation 
 that succeeds them. We loolc upon and think 
 of the noble and generous witli admiration, 
 but seldom to emulate ; j-ielding rather tu the 
 corrupting i-nfluencc of the busy lim)ng tiiat 
 surrounds us. 
 
 JOS^:I'II BISSONETTE, 
 
 A Canadian, tirst settled in Detroit. About the 
 year 1800 he removed to the Kiver Kaisin, and 
 settled upon tiie farm on the south side of tlie 
 river, containing about two hundred acres, the 
 fi'ontof which larm is now owned and occupied 
 by Mr. Kline. Joseph married Eunice Robert. 
 The children of this marriage were Jo.seph, 
 Alexander, Gabriel, David and Antoiue ; Mar}', 
 who married Joseph Chovin ; Catharine, who 
 married Peter Valle(|uct; Pelisha, who married 
 Alexis Nadeau ; Julia, wiio married William 
 Brown ; and V'ictorie, who married Richard 
 Mettez. 
 
 Joseph Bi-ssonette lived on this farm during 
 the War of 1812, but .sent his family for safety 
 to Detroit. He was a great favorite with the 
 Indians by whom he was surrounded, and quite 
 intimately acquainted with Shawenaw-Jiah, 
 Wassagan and i'onette, the chiefs of tlireo of 
 the tribes, through whose influence lie was 
 protected from depredations of the savages. 
 Gabriel, one of the sons, then a little boy, was 
 adopted by one of the chiefs, Shawenaw-Bah. 
 The child was a source of anuisenient to the 
 chiefs, who enjoyed making him dance. The 
 chiels ceded his father for the benefit of 
 Gabriel one-half section of land on the Macon, 
 all signing a parchment conveying the tract. 
 But Joseph, the lather, then owned two large 
 farms, and as land was at that time considered 
 of little value, the gift was not appreciated. 
 At this time Father IJichard, when in. this 
 vicinity in discharge of his duties as a pi'iest 
 of the Catholic church, gcnerall}- made it his 
 home with Mr. Joseph Bissonettc, and usually 
 had the services of Mr. Bissonettc, who was 
 familiar with the Indian trails as guide to the 
 various tribes of Indians. Father liichard 
 suggested to Mr. Bissonettc a gift of this tract 
 i on the Macon to the Catholic church, as he then 
 1 had more than he and his family could cultivate. 
 I He readily complied with the suggestion, and 
 
 ceded the tract, expecting it would inure t(j the 
 benefit of St. Mary's Catholic church, of Monroe, 
 but by some mistake it was ceded to St. Anne's 
 church of Detroit. This tract was for many 
 years known as the Macon Reservation, and 
 was subsequently sold by St. Anne's church of 
 Detroit to the Hon. Isaac P. Christiaticy, who 
 opened and developed the stone quarry- thereon 
 of a very superior quality for building purposes ; 
 he also built a two story stone dwelling and 
 mills thereon. 
 
 Gabriel Bissonettc, the son of Joseph Bisso 
 nettc, was born in tlie year 1810, on the home- 
 stead farm; was vei-y well acquainted with Major 
 Caldwell, from whom he learned his catechism. 
 Major Caldwell was a member of the Protestant 
 K))iscopal church prior to coming to Michigan, 
 but became here a member of the Catholic 
 church, to which ho adhered ihe rest ot his 
 life. Ho was an officer under Colonel Proctor 
 in the British army at the time of the massacre 
 at the liiver Raisin; was from a wealthy and 
 influential family in Montreal, at which place 
 he made the acquaintance of Miss l>asselle, who 
 subsequently became his wife. She survived 
 the Major a number of years, and died at the 
 residence of her daughter in Monroe in ISS.'i. 
 Major Caldwell during life received a pension 
 from the British Government, and was in 
 sympathy with the British Government and 
 regarded by the American citizens for some 
 time after the w'ar with suspicion. 
 
 To return to Gabriel Bissonettc from this 
 digression. He was married to Mary Davis, to 
 whom were born Charles and Daniel, now 
 living in Grand Rapids; John, now living at 
 Stillwater, Minnesota; Martha, married Mr. 
 Beach, living at Midland ; Mar}', married John 
 Golden, who resides at Bay City, a justice of 
 the peace. By his second marriage to Bridget 
 Xavy, were born James and Joseph, who reside 
 at Grand Rapids; Louis >.'apoleon, lives at Bay 
 City; and Richard, now living with his parents; 
 the daughter, Margarette, was married to 
 Thomas Adams, Esq., an attorney and coiin- 
 selor-at-law in Monroe ; Annie \'ictorie, mar- 
 ried William Fisher, now resides in Bay City ; 
 and Emily, now single. Mr. Gabriel Bissonettc 
 at the age of forty removed to Ionia, in Michi- 
 gan, and remained there eighteen years, then 
 returned to Monroe county and pui-chased of 
 EUeroy Cicott, one of the sons ol' John Bt. 
 Cicott, the farm on the north side of Ihe river 
 
122 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 about one atid oiie-lialf miles wost of Monroe, 
 generally known as the Cicott farm. 
 
 The houses on the Lasselle farms (afterwards 
 Caldwell farms), as well as those on the river, 
 were one story and a half log-houses, with a 
 chimney built of clay. A very capacious fire- 
 place was at one end of the building, a gable 
 window at the other end, accessible by a rough 
 ladder from tlie outside ; a front door with a 
 window on each side, and opposite it a looking- 
 glass, with a fiddle on one side and a crucifi-x 
 on the other. 
 
 Mr. Gabriel Bissonette still lives with us in 
 good health, with the manners of a Parisian 
 gentleman, one of the most intelligent of the 
 French citizens, highly esteemed, and a very 
 exemplary and devoted member of the Catholic 
 church. 
 
 BENJAMIN TIBBETTS 
 
 Was born at French town, November 9, 1804. 
 His parents were natives of Ehode Island. His 
 father was a sea-captain before his removal to 
 the then far West. He was in command of a 
 vessel at the time of his death, which was acci- 
 dental, the result of falling through an open 
 hatchway in the darkness at the dock at De- 
 troit. The mother of Benjamin Tibbetts re- 
 moved immediately after her husband's death 
 to Freuchtown, three months jjrior to the birth 
 of Benjamin. Benjamin, though a youth at 
 that time, remembers distinctly the burning of 
 the buildings in which the Kentuckians were 
 confined, and from his home could hear the 
 shrieks of the doomed men. He frequently 
 accompanied his mother on her errands of 
 mercy to relieve the wants and pi-ovide for the 
 comfort of the imprisoned captives, which 
 gave the family- a deep personal interest in their 
 welfare. The succeeding horrors made a pev- 
 manent impression on the mind of the youth- 
 ful Benjamin. A full and connected account 
 of his child life would exceed in interest and 
 hairbreadth escapes many works of fiction. 
 His life and the lives of the family were in 
 many instances saved bj- their ability in speak- 
 ing the French language. The Indians in a 
 number of instances lifted him up by his light 
 hair, and flourishing their scalping knives 
 asked him whether he was French or Yankee. 
 His fluent French with his blue eyes and fair 
 complexion puzzled them, and they were un- 
 
 certain as to duty. The period after Hull's 
 surrender, when the country was in the posses- 
 sion of the British, was a time of especial peril. 
 Mr. Tibbetts' experience with a half-breed 
 Indian boy, the .son of a British officer, nearly 
 resulted in his captui'e and death. He acci- 
 dentally- shot an arrow which hit the boy over 
 the eye, making a black and blue spot. The 
 boy went to his mother with the grievance, 
 and she, a fierce squaw, took an older son 
 and a large rope and immediately started on 
 the war-path to revenge the insult. The 
 grandmother of Benjamin saw her coming and 
 hid him between two feather beds. A six-acre 
 field of oats opposite their house was trodden 
 down and served as an encampment for about 
 fifty Indians. Benjamin's mother fled to seek 
 the protection of the British officer command- 
 ing. He did not choose or dare to cross as a 
 rule the inclinations of the Indians, but in this 
 case told her if she would hide the boy near a 
 high board fence which separated their yard 
 from the street, that he would ride by on horse- 
 back; to be on the lookoutfor him, and if the boy 
 could be on the fence at the moment he rode 
 by he would take him on his horse to the fort, 
 as he could not protect him elsewhere. In an 
 opportune moment his mother removed him 
 from the house to the shelter of some large cur- 
 rant bushes in the garden. While waiting 
 there for the noise of approaching hoofs, the In- 
 dians passed within six feet of them. At a 
 signal given by his mother he mounted the 
 fence, so high that the feat at any other time 
 seemed impossible. The officer took him 
 to the fort, where he remained until Detroit 
 was again in the possession of the American 
 forces and the Ironsides family were back in 
 Canada. While in the fort the soldiers amused 
 themselves by trying to hire him to become a 
 British boy, but the inducements were indig- 
 nantly repelled. 
 
 HENRY DISBROW 
 
 Was born in Trenton, New Jersey, July 9, 
 1773. He married Sarah Anderson at Trenton, 
 May 30, 1794; she was born August 30, 1775, 
 and died at Monroe December 7, 1859, aged 
 eighty-four. The^' had one son and four 
 daughters: Henry V^. Disbrow was born in 
 Dayton, Kentucky, November 1, 1798 ; married 
 Harriet Cummings, of Detroit, where he was 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OK EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 123 
 
 a iiUTcliant for mauy years, tlion removed to 
 Galesburg, Illinois, where ho died July 7, 1851. 
 Achsah was born in Trenton, New Jersej-, 
 February It!, 1795; married Colonel (Jreen of 
 Kentucky. Elizabeth was born in Kentucky 
 December IG, 1796; married Oliver Jolinson at 
 the River Raisin July 23, 1818; they had one 
 son, Charles G. Johnson, now residinj^ in Mon- 
 roe, and one daughter, Elizabeth, who married 
 Talcott E. Wing, of Monroe, and died Septem- 
 ber 26, 1857. Mary was born at Dayton, Ohio, 
 February 13, 1809; married to Thomas G. 
 Cole, a merchant of Monroe, January 27, 1828; 
 Thomas G. was born F'ebruary 24, ISOd, and 
 died at Detroit January 25, 1862. 
 
 The children of Thomas G. and Mary 
 (Disbrow) Cole were as follows : Sarah E., 
 born October 22, 1828, who married James A. 
 Raj-ner at Monroe October 19, 1858; died in 
 New York January 21, 1885, leaving two 
 daughters — Anna, who married Mr. Wells, of 
 New York, and Lizzie, wlio married Mr. Bu.sh, 
 of New York, now deceased. James Luther, 
 born August 25, 1830; died April 25, 1880. 
 Eliza was born August 9, 1832 ; married (ieorge 
 W. Armitage I)ecember 7, 1853; had one son, 
 Thomas, and two daughters, Harriet and Mary; 
 Mary was married to Nelson Phinney,a law3'er, 
 who resides in Kansas. Henry T., born Decem- 
 ber 9, 1834; married Emily Paulditig, daughter 
 of Morrison Paulding, of Monroe; iiad three 
 sons, William, Thomas and Morrison, all resid- 
 ing in Monroe; married for his .second wife Marv 
 Kendall, daughter of Nathan N. Kendall, of 
 Monroe. Daniel T., born January 19, 1837: 
 now residing in Monroe. Harriet Francis, 
 born February 8, 1839; married Frank Tryon, 
 a merchant of New York, July 25, 1865; had 
 two daughter.s, Sarah and Anna. Mary Dis- 
 brow, born February 17,1846; married John 
 M. Bulkley June 22, 1865,merchant of Monroe ; 
 has one son, Henry Conant Bulklej-, and one 
 daughter, Mary, living. 
 
 Henr}" Disbrow was in Detroit at the time 
 war was declared with Great Britain ; he had 
 gone there with a load of provisions, and did 
 not return to his family for about two j-ears. 
 He was made a prisoner of war while visiting 
 his wife in Sandwich, Canada, at the residence 
 of Major Caldw-ell. Mr. Kenzie was captured 
 at the same time and was with Mr. Disbrow 
 placed under a guard of Indians. Mr. Disbrovv 
 
 was released, but Kenzie was placed in irons 
 and sent to Montreal. 
 
 When Henry Disbrow removed his family 
 to the River Raisin, the}^ came in a schooner 
 from Sandusky and landed in front of the 
 farm he subsequent!}^ bought of Menard. [)ia- 
 brow afterwards sold the farm to Charles J. 
 Lanman, and Lanman to Stuart, who platted 
 it as a subdivision known as Stuart Plat. A tier 
 selling the farm Mr. Disbrow removed to De- 
 troit, remained there two years, then returned 
 to Monroe. He purchased in an unfinished 
 condition the McComb Street House, of Mr. 
 Taylor, a lawyer. 
 
 Mr. Disbrow was b}- profession a surveyor, 
 but for a number of years both before and after 
 the War of 1812 he was engaged as a merchant, 
 tran.s2)orting goods from Dayton and dispos- 
 ing of ihem at River Raisin and Detroit. At 
 one time he had a store on Front street, Mon- 
 roe, opposite the grocery of James Nadeau. 
 While occupying this place one Tebo, a French- 
 man, burglarized the store. The thief was de- 
 tected and punished on the public square at 
 the whipping-po.st witli fifty lashes save one on 
 ills bare back, ad ministered by John Mulhollen 
 and Miles Thorp. Well do I remember seeing 
 and hearing tlie blows of the rawhide, which 
 drew blood at nearly every stroke, and how 
 shocking it was to my feelings in common with 
 those of the bj-.stander8. 
 
 Mr. Disbrow was a gentleman of great 
 strength and force of character, highly es- 
 teemed as a citizen, and was at the time of his 
 death and for many years previous an elder 
 in the First Presbyterian church of Monroe. 
 
 ALEX 18 SOLEAU, 
 
 The grandfather of Touissant Soleau and 
 Frank X. Soleau, at present merchants of this 
 city, came from France at a very early day, 
 and was among the first settlers on the River 
 Raisin. He purchased a farm on liis arrival at 
 Detroit, in Springwells, now West Detroit, and 
 subsequently exchanged ids farm in Spring- 
 wells for the Doctor Clark farm, now owned 
 and occupied in part b}' Mr. Andrew Beier as a 
 residence, and a large portion by I. E. Ilgian- 
 fritz as a nursery. Ho exchanged tho Clark 
 farm for a farm on Sandy Creek, three miles 
 
124 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 noi-th of Monroe ; was in sympathy with the 
 Americans, and took an active jjartiu the War 
 of 1812, and was, with his son Touissant, taken 
 prisoner by the British at Sandy Creek and 
 confined at Maiden until both wereexchanged, 
 soon after the battle of Brownstown. Was 
 present at Detroit at the surrender of General 
 Hull, and witnessed the indignation of the 
 American arm)- when the white flag was run 
 up over the fort; saw General Cass in anger 
 thereat break his sword over one of the cannon, 
 declaring the surrender a national disgrace. 
 
 Alexis was a millwright and carjjenter, and 
 built the first grist-mill on the front of the farm 
 subsequently owned by Doctor Clark, near and 
 below the point where the dam crossed the 
 river. He also built the mill at Stony Creek 
 where Brest is now located, both of which mills 
 were burned and destroyed by the British in 
 the War of 1812. 
 
 He purchased a farm on Stony Creek, west 
 of the Lake Shore railroad, which Touissant, 
 sr., his son, cleared and resided on the remain- 
 der of his life,dying August 3, 1870; was buried 
 at Newport. Touissant Soleau, sr., was mar- 
 ried to Genevieve Burke, at Frenchtown ; had 
 eight sons and four daughters. 
 
 Touissant Soleau, jr., the eldest, was born 
 October 1, 1820 ; married November 25, 18-17, 
 Phoebe Boardman ; is now a merchant in Mon- 
 roe, copartner of James Bobert, on West 
 Front street. He has two sons and two daugh- 
 ters : William T., au attorney practicing in 
 Monroe, who was elected clei-k of the city for 
 two terms, also one of the Circuit Court com- 
 missioners at this time ; his second son, Milton 
 B.,now resides at Monroe, clerk in a store ; his 
 elder daughter, Ada, married James I. Robert, 
 his present copartner; the younger daughter 
 married Charles Golden, a lawyer in Monroe 
 and at present the prosecuting attorney of the 
 county. 
 
 The second son of Touissant Soleau, sr., 
 David A. Soleau, died early, in the State of 
 Virginia. 
 
 The tliird son, Ale.xis, resides on his farm 
 on Stony Creek. 
 
 The fourth son, Oliver, studied forthe priest- 
 hood, and in crossing the ocean on his way to 
 St. Thomas was lost at sea. 
 
 James enlisted in the War of the Rebellion, 
 and died from disease contracted in the army. 
 
 Adrian was killed in the War of the Rebel- 
 lion at Pulaski. 
 
 Henry acted as sutler during the War of the 
 Rebellion. 
 
 Frank X. Soleau, son of Touissant Soleau, 
 sr., now a merchant on West Monroe street, 
 served with a very creditable record through 
 the whole War of the Rebellion, and was com- 
 missioned as cajjtain of a company. 
 
 Of the four daughters of Touissant Soleau, 
 sr., Roselle married Eli Sancraint; Adaline 
 married Joseph Hyatt; Zoe married Mr. Du- 
 boy, now deceased ; and Mary was a music 
 teacher, acquired an education in the convent, 
 and as a Sister died in the State of New York. 
 
 LOUIS LAFONTAIN, Sr., 
 
 Father of Louis Lafontain, jr., a resident of 
 this citj', was for many years an Indian trader, 
 with headquarters at Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
 In the year 1804 he made a trip to Montreal, 
 Canada, for the pui-posc of purchasing goods; 
 ther6 he made the acquaintance of Laurent 
 Durocher in the office of a notary public in 
 which he was a clerk, and induced him to re- 
 turn with him. Pleased with the beautiful 
 banks of the River Raisin, lined on either side 
 with vines loaded with clusters of grapes, Mr. 
 Durocher determined to locate here, and sub 
 sequently became quite prominent among the 
 early settlers on the River Raisin, a particular 
 sketch of whose life will be found elsewhere in 
 this volume. 
 
 Louis Lafontain, sr., purchased the farm on 
 the bank of Detroit River, now constituting a 
 part of the city of Detroit, and known as the 
 "Lafontain farm." The farm adjoining was 
 purchased and occupied by Mr. Schoebert, 
 whose four daughters married John Bougrand, 
 Joseph Loranger, Nathan Hubble, and Louis 
 Ijafontain, sr , all of whom moved to and were 
 identified with the early settlement of French- 
 town on the River Raisin. 
 
 Julia, one of the daughters of Louis Lafon- 
 tain, jr., married Major James W. Spalding, of 
 Monroe, and after his death she married Charles 
 Ross, of Detroit. A second daughter married 
 Theodore Ilgianfritz, one of the proprietors of 
 the extensive nurseries in this city. 
 
 Louis Lafontain, sr., with Laurent Durocher, 
 
HIOC;KArHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 1: 
 
 Joseph Loraiigcr ami Juhn Hoiii^raiid wore 
 seated around a table in the store of Joseph 
 Loranger plaj-ing euchre, when the Indian 
 guide who always accompanied Mr. Lafontain, 
 rode up to the door the morning before the 
 massacre, and announced the approach of 
 Colonel Proctor's ami}-. All dropped their 
 cards without ceremonj-. Mr. Loranger and 
 Bougrand crossed the Eiver Kaisin and trav- 
 eled through the snow and ice night and day 
 until they reached Sandusky, where their 
 wives were sojourning at the time. Mr. La- 
 fontain rode up the river to avoid meeting any 
 ])art of the enemy with his guide, then struck 
 a direct route for Detroit, collected his family 
 and crossed over to Canada, ix'inaining there 
 until hostilities ceased. 
 
 LAtlHENT DUROCHEK 
 
 Was the sou of a French C'anadian, and was 
 born at the Mission of St. Genevieve, in Mis 
 souri, in 1780. He was educated at the Col- 
 lege of AIonlreal,and came to the Eiver Raisin 
 in 1805. He took part in the War of 1812 
 luidcr General Hull, and \vas in the employ of 
 tlie Government for some years after the war. 
 lie was elected clerk of the county of Monroe 
 in 1818, and held the office for nearly twenty 
 years. He was for six years a member oi' the 
 territorial council, also a member of the con- 
 vention which framed the first constitution of 
 the State, and after the Territory became a 
 State a member of the legislature. He held 
 the offices of judge of probate, circuit clerk, 
 clerk of the city of Monroe, at various times, 
 and filled with dignity' all the positions he was 
 called b}- the people of the county to serve in. 
 He was, like most ot the French settlers u]ion 
 tiie " Haisin," an accoin)>lished gentleman, and 
 was the chief legal authority among the French 
 residents. 
 
 PETER NAVARRE 
 
 brave, while his bearing w-as over that of a 
 "born gentleman." With his brother Robert 
 he erected a cabin twenty miles south of River 
 Raisin, opposite Manhattan, to which he re- 
 turned after the close of the war and spent the 
 rest of his days. He died in Mar-ch, 1874, aged 
 eighty- nine years. 
 
 Peter and his three brothers, Robert, Ale.xis 
 and James, tendered their services to General 
 Hull. They were included in the surrender 
 and paroled, though they denied the right to 
 be treated as prisoners of war and at once took 
 an active part lor the United States, whereup- 
 on General Proctor oftered a reward of two 
 hundred pounds for Peter's head or scalp. 
 Until the close of the war he acted as a scout 
 to General Harrison. Peter Navarre and his 
 brothers are referred to in this work in the his- 
 tory of the War of 1812, as those sent by Gen- 
 eral Harrison from the River Raisin to recon- 
 noiter the British army, and brought news of 
 the approach of General Proctor. On the next 
 page is given a portrait of Peter Navarre in 
 passing through a forest in his favorite char- 
 acter as a scout. 
 
 Many of our older citizens well remember 
 the hospitable tavern of " Ma'am Jobin," as it 
 was familiarly called, four miles south of Mon- 
 roe, on the south baisk of Otter Creek. Her 
 husband and Peter Navarre, the Indian scout, 
 upon wdiose head a large price had been set by 
 the British if captured, were during the War 
 of 1812 taken prisoners by the Indians, bound 
 hand and foot, and were being carried as cap- 
 tives to Maiden. Encamping over night on the 
 route, in the morning their bands were loos- 
 ened for temporar3" relief, and after breakfast- 
 ing Mr. Navarre said to Mr. Jobin: " Now is 
 our time. If we reach Maiden we will bo hung, 
 and 1 would rather take my chances of being 
 shot than go any further with our captors 
 You take one direction, I will another." Both 
 immediately ran for their lives; the balls 
 whistled about and above them, but both es- 
 caped without injury. 
 
 TIIE BLISS FAMILY. 
 
 Was born in 1785 in Detroit, where his father 
 
 before him was born, and was the grandson of 
 
 Robert Navarre, a French officer who visited 
 
 this section in 1745. No name is more promi- In the spring of 1814 two brothers, Silvanus 
 
 neiit among the early settlers than that of and Hervey Bliss, of Royalston, Worcester 
 
 Peter Navarre. In Indian methods of warfare county, Massachusetts, left the parental home, 
 
 he was thoroughly posted, courageous and and the first named his young wife and two 
 
PETER NAVARRE, IN THE DRESS OF A SCOUT. 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 1-J7 
 
 children, aged respectively one and tiirec years, 
 and wended their way westward, 
 
 " With knapsacks on their backs 
 And their spirits were gay. 
 To secure tliemselves homes 
 In Michigania." 
 
 Hailroads were not known or tiionght ol" in 
 tliose days, and it required several weeks to 
 make the journey on foot, as they w^ere obliged 
 to do. JIany incidents occurred to them bj' the 
 way, some of which were of an exciting char- 
 acter, as it was war time. They at last reached 
 the settlement on the shore of the lake between 
 (he Vermillion and Huron rivers, in Ohio. 
 Their (eet getting sore and their funds getting 
 low, they concluded to make their homes with 
 the pioneers of the Buckeye State, and soon set 
 about prej)aring for the coming of the wife and 
 children, arrangements to bring them and 
 some household goods having been made with 
 a man before leaving JIassachnsetts. It was 
 late in the summer, however, and not until the 
 hot weather had brought to the newcomers the 
 ague and chill fever, that they were sent for- 
 Owing to stormy weather and consequent bad 
 roads, obliging them to lie by several weeks, 
 ihey did not reach the settlement until winter 
 had set in, when the tired and woi'n-out wife 
 and mother was informe<l that her dear hus- 
 liand had died a few weeks before her arrival. 
 M r.<. Bliss was terribly shocked by the sad news, 
 hut receiving the sympathy and help of the 
 neighbors and the surviving brother, she in 
 time recovered from the .sore bereavement. 
 
 The summer following (1815) sickness and 
 death came again to the familj', and took from 
 the mother her youngest child, a little boy, 
 aged two years and six months, the other mem- 
 bers of the family barelj- escaping with their 
 lives the ravages of the much dreaded chill 
 fever. 
 
 Not caring longer to remain in a climate so 
 unhealthy, Mr. Bliss having in the meantime 
 married the widow of his deceased brother, in 
 companj- with a neighbor (Mr. David Frary), 
 he removed his famil3- to the Hiver Raisin 
 (now Moni-oe, Michigan). Arriving there the 
 latter part of April, 181(i, he rented a farm of 
 .lerry Lawrence, a short distance above Mon- 
 roe, and farmed it that .season as best he could, 
 not succeeding well, however, on account of 
 the cold weather and early frosts, the summer 
 
 of 181t> having since been known as the "colil 
 season." 
 
 The following winter Mr. Bliss, in company 
 with Mr. Frary, still his neighbor and friend, 
 moved his family to the Macon settlement, 
 some thirteen or fourteen miles above Monroe, 
 on the river, opposite the point where the 
 Macon Creek enters the Eaisin. Here he built 
 a house and made some improvements, suppos- 
 ing that he was on Government land, which 
 he intended to purchase when in market. lie 
 remained there some two years, during which 
 time a number of families had settled about 
 him. He then learned that the Indians had 
 withheld from sale a tract of land known as 
 the "Macon reserve" on the early maps, em- 
 bracing nine sections, and covering the im- 
 provements made by the settlers, who were 
 driven off b\- the Indians, the log cabins of the 
 squatters serving them as wigwams, and the 
 cleared land for pasturage, raising corn, etc. 
 While living there, in March, 1817, j'our cor- 
 respondent, W. W. Bliss, came to them a 
 "stranger, and they took him in; naked, and 
 they clothed him ; thirsty, and they gave him 
 drink ; " and for the many acts of kindness and 
 care in subsequent years, they are held by him 
 in grateful remembrance. 
 
 In the month of June following, Israel Bliss, 
 a younger brother from Mas.sachusetts, came 
 to the settlement at the Macon, and remaine<l 
 with the family until his death, October 23, 
 1819. Calvin Burnham, a young man from 
 Massachusetts, came to Michigan with his 
 friend, Israel Bliss, and remained with him 
 until his death. Then he returned to Massachu- 
 setts and married his (Bliss's) sister, Ijucind 
 K., bj' whom he had three children, and she 
 having died, he married again, and in 18:-i!t re- 
 moved his family to Blissficld, Michigan, and 
 the next year to Summertield, Monroe county, 
 .same State, where he died some years since, 
 honored and respected by his fellow-men, leav- 
 ing a wife and several children. Olive, the 
 oldest daughter by his first wife, marrii^d 
 Lysander Ormsbj', of Deerfield, Michigan. 
 Two daughters by his second wife married two 
 brothers, John and Charles Peters, of I'eters- 
 burgh, Michigan. 
 
 The settlement at the Macon being broken 
 up, Mr. Bliss removed his family to the " Giles 
 neighborhood," some three or four miles down 
 the river and ten from Monroe, where he 
 
128 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 bought a " squatter's " claim of a man who had 
 built a house and cleared a few acres on a tract 
 of Government land of several hundred acres, 
 which laj' between (riles's " French farm" on 
 the west and other claims on the east, a part of 
 which he intended to buy when subdivided and 
 in market. But before learning that it had been 
 offered for sale, a man by the name of Martin, 
 "bought from under him" that part of the 
 tract on which he lived, containing one hun- 
 dred and thirty acres, embracing the improve- 
 ments which he had bought and subsequently 
 made, and requiring him to vacate the same 
 without remuneration for the outlay which he 
 had made. 
 
 Mr. Blis.s being again without a home for his 
 family, and not caring to leave the neighbor- 
 hood, as a school had just been started, and 
 a church (Presbyterian) had been organized 
 at Monroe, with which he and his wife had 
 united at the time of its organization (January 
 13, 1S20), bought of said Martin thirty acres 
 of the unimproved landadjoining Giles's farm, 
 on which he built a good hewed log house, and 
 improved the greater part of it, when find- 
 ing that he had not farm enough to support his 
 family, he sold his place and in June, 1824, 
 bought 132 acres of land some twenty miles up 
 the river, of rich quality and well timbered. 
 To this place the late Colonel Johnson, of 
 Monroe, gave the name of Blissfield. Here in 
 November following Mr. Bliss built a log house, 
 obtaining help to raise it from Petersburghand 
 Eaisinville, ten and twenty miles distant, and 
 to which place he removed his family the fol- 
 lowing month (December, 1824), having no 
 neighboi'S for a time nearer than Petersburgb, 
 and no mills, stores or shops nearer than 
 Monroe. 
 
 Mr. Bliss in 1835 jjlatted a part of his farm, 
 giving the name of Blissfield to the village. 
 He was a man highly esteemed by his neigh- 
 bors and those with whom he was acquainted, 
 having hold many positions of trust and re- 
 sponsibilit}' in the latter years of his life. 
 
 In 1820 he was instrumental in effecting the 
 organization of the First Presbyterian church 
 of Blissfield, which occurred February 22d of 
 that year, consisting of nine members, includ- 
 ing himself and wife. 
 
 In March, 1827, he was appointed by Gov- 
 ernor Cass a justice of the peace, and at the 
 first township meeting in Blissfield, held in 
 
 May following, he was elected a justice by the 
 people, which office he held for a number of 
 years. 
 
 In March, 1828, he was appointed postmaster 
 at Blissfield, which office he held at the time 
 of his death, which occurred December 31, 
 1841, aged fifty-two j'ears. His wife survived 
 him some seven years. 
 
 Mr. Bliss had seven children, five sons and 
 two daughters, and one step-daughter, .six of 
 whom are still living. 
 
 William W., born at the Macon March 28, 
 1817; married in Blissfield, Michigan, Feb- 
 ruary 13, 1840, where he now resides, rtitired 
 from business. 
 
 Hiram W., born in Eaisinville, Michigan, 
 June 1,1822; farmer; married October 23, 1842, 
 I'esidcs at Deerfield, Michigan. 
 
 Whiting G., born in Blissfield, Michigan, 
 November 15. 1827; died in childhood. 
 
 Hervey K.,born in Blissfield, Michigan, Feb- 
 ruary 11, 1830; farmer; married June 22, 1850, 
 and resides in Adrian, Michigan. 
 
 Almond L., born November 27, 18 i2, in 
 Blissfield ; married November 25, 1853 ; real 
 estate and abstract office business in Adrian, 
 Michigan, where he resides. 
 
 Emeline B., born in Eaisinville, Michigan, 
 February 24, 1819 ; married December 13, 1834. 
 Husband a farmer, now deceased ; lives with 
 daughter in Adrian, Michijfan. 
 
 Caroline L., born in Eaisinville, Michigan, 
 September 28, 1824: married June 30, 1842, 
 and resides with her son in Blissfield, Michigan. 
 
 Delight (the step-daughter), born in Massa- 
 chusetts September 24, 1811 ; married in Bliss- 
 field, Michigan, November 23, 1826, by Loren 
 Marsh, Esq., a justice of the peace from Monroe, 
 Michigan, one of the first two marriages in 
 Blissfield, both occurring the same day. 
 
 The first school in Blissfield was taught by 
 Chester Stuart, late of Monroe, in the winter 
 ofl82G-7, for thirteen dollars per month and 
 "board round." 
 
 There are very many incidents in the lives 
 of the Bliss family connected with their settle- 
 ment here, which show what hardships the 
 pioneers endured. Tliey moved here in win- 
 ter, into a log house without floors, doors, win- 
 dows, chimney, and no stoves, and not even 
 " chinked " between the logs. After putting 
 down a " puncheon " floor of split logs, making 
 doors and putting in windows, cutting and 
 
lUOflRArHIES OF EARLY SETTLERS. 
 
 129 
 
 jireparing some wood, etc., occupying somo two 
 weeks, Hervey Bliss was obliged to leave his 
 family alone in the woods, no neighbors nearer 
 than ten miles away, and go down to Eaisin- 
 ville to work and pay for help in moving and 
 buy supplies for the family. On his way down 
 ho met a company of Indians who came and 
 camped within a few rods of the hou.se, where 
 they remained some two weeks. 
 
 THE KEDZIE FAMILY. 
 
 History is being made ever}' day, little by 
 little, but mainlj' by recording events and 
 actions of men in the past, as they arc remem- 
 bered, from the standpoint of the historian. 
 Monroe has a long history, reaching beyond 
 the memory of any now living; and we can 
 only hope to gather fragments showing to com- 
 ing generations the hopes and fears, the actual 
 trials and troubles attending the settlement of 
 a new countrj'. 
 
 William Kedzic and wife, five sons and two 
 daughters, emigrated from Delhi, Delaware 
 count}-. New York, and came to tiie " Great 
 West," landing at Monroe, May 14, 1826. The 
 change from a rough, hilly country, well cov- 
 ered with rocks and stones, to one as level as a 
 " house floor," so salubrious as this then was, 
 seemed to them as the Garden of Eden. But 
 when they looked upon the peopl», heard their 
 strange language, saw their mode of travel as 
 they daily passed with a pony and two-wheeled 
 cart, loaded with a family' of six or eight, driv- 
 ing like Jehu, with no tire on their wheels, 
 nor a strap of iron about their vehicle, thej- 
 looked, but looked in vain, for a smash-down. 
 A four-wheeled carriage was very seldom seen 
 on the streets. 
 
 There was then no church building in the 
 village ; Protestants worshiped in the old 
 yellow court-house, and Catholics in a log 
 building some two miles u]) on the north bank 
 of the lliver Eaisin, only distinguished from 
 the log houses in that vicinitj^ bj' a cross on 
 the gable end and one over the front gate. 
 Mr. Kedzie occupied the farm on the north 
 side of the River Raisin, next east of the Robert 
 Clark farm. A large portion of the land at this 
 time lay unoccu|)ied. From the toll bridge, 
 then kept by Peter P. Ferry (one of the old 
 soldiers under Napoleon, and for many years 
 
 after county treasurer of Monroe county), iiii 
 to the Clark farm, between the road and river, 
 was in commons ; also the lands north of the 
 old fort, where Charles Noble then lived, now 
 owned and occupied by Major A. C. Chapman, 
 was in commons, extending a mile Ijack to the 
 woods. The father and sons planted two acres 
 thereof in corn in June alter their arrival, and 
 a fine crop was raised. One-half thereof would 
 have been destroyed by the ravenous black- 
 birds but for the free use of powder and shot. 
 The birds seemed to fancy their farming, for 
 they followed them into Lenawee county, 
 where large bounties checked their destructive 
 habits. 
 
 In October of that j'carthe family moved up 
 into the woods, twenty-five miles west of Mon- 
 roe, and within a county organized at a later 
 date, and until May, 1H27, within the jurisdic- 
 tion of Monroe county. This was a bold push 
 for life — a dense forest, a log house without 
 doors or windows to give protection from sav- 
 age wild beasts who made night hideous with 
 their unearthly howls, and without a neighbor 
 within five miles. With the supply of provi- 
 sions purchased at Monroe they sought their 
 new home — no light task considering the con- 
 dition of the roads, without a bridge on river, 
 streams or gullies. The winter was spent 
 chopping twenty-seven acres, and in the spring 
 ten acres were logged and planted to corn. 
 Their crop not only suffered from the black- 
 birds, but the " coon " lavishly presented his 
 claims for a share, and no little depredations 
 were committed by bears and wolves. Coon- 
 hunting was a pastime to the pioneer whoso 
 pork barrel ran low, as the meat made a very 
 palatable and rich dish when properly pre- 
 pared. 
 
 That summer four acres more were cleared 
 and sown to wheat, which was reaped with a 
 sickle in July. The folloaing fall the father 
 yielded to the malarial diseases prevailing in 
 the country, notwithstandijig the skill of his 
 old friend. Dr. Clark, of Monroe, who stood at 
 his bedside the last si.x days of his life, ending 
 August 5, 1828, aged fortj'-scven years. 
 
 I leave the reader to conceive what must 
 have been the trials of a widowhood, left with 
 the care of seven chil Iren, the eldest under 
 sixteen, with only a beginning made on a new 
 farm in a vast wilderness. She lived, how- 
 ever, to see them all grown to maturit}', who, 
 
130 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 with one consent, call her one " of the daugh- 
 ters who have done virtuously, but she excelled 
 them all." — Prov. xxxi. 29. Thus ended the 
 life of two pioneers, who were, for a season, 
 citizens of Monroe count}- sixty years ago. 
 
 William Kedzie, the eldest son, was a school- 
 mate of the writer in 1826, under the tuition 
 of Anthony McKee, since a resident of Deer- 
 field, now deceased. Our school-mates of that 
 day were Alexander D. Anderson, John Ander- 
 son, Robert and Joiin Clark (all now deceased), 
 and Charles Ijanman, now residing in George- 
 town, D. C. He lived on the same farm fitt}'- 
 three years, up to the fall of 1879, when he, 
 with a competency, i-emoved to Adrian to spend 
 in ease the remainder of life. 
 
 James T. Kedzie still resides in BlissfieldjOne 
 of our most intelligent and highlj- esteemed 
 citizens. 
 
 Professor Kedzie, of the Michigan Agricul- 
 tural College, at Lansing, Michigan, the third 
 son, is constantly adding new laurels to an al- 
 ready well-established reputation. 
 
 George Kedzie resided in Deerfield, highly 
 esteemed, until April 13, 1886, when he do- 
 parted this life, stricken down with typhoid 
 pneumonia, after an illness of eight days — -the 
 first male in the family called by death since 
 that of the father in 1828. 
 
 The Reverend A. S. Kedzie, still living, re- 
 sides at Grand Haven, Michigan, and is editor 
 of the Grand Haven Herald. 
 
 The Kedzie family have contributed as 
 largelj' as anj- family in Southern Michigan in 
 lading the foundations for moral, religious and 
 educational institutions in this portion of the 
 State. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 EVKNTS IN MICHIGAN FROM 1814 TO 1834— POPULATION — PUHLIC KOAOS — CKNKRAI, CASS's 
 
 EXPEDITION IN 1820 — GOVKRNOR MASON APPOINTED — ASIATIC CIIOLKKA — ADDITION AL 
 
 TERRITORY — CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION — APPOINTMENT OK JOHN R. IIORNKK 
 
 NOT RECOGNIZED UV THE STATE. 
 
 TIIR majority of llie |)()piilation of Michigan 
 continued to bo French until the year 1818, 
 when a portion of the public lands was thrown 
 upon tlie market. The moderate price and 
 ea.sy terms of payment, hiisod u])on a credit 
 sj'slem, encouraged a wonderful emigration of 
 thi-ifty and energetic Americans from the 
 Kastern States, as well as Xew York. The 
 pioneers immediately turned their attention to 
 surveying public roads and facilitating com- 
 merce. 
 
 celed with a strap or fettered at night, and the 
 bell which each one wore was freed from the 
 straw which had bound its clapper thi-ough 
 the day. The horses seldom strayed from 
 camp,antl lived on what the}' could pick u]) on 
 the road." The surve^'ors and voyageun, on 
 their journeys through the wilderness along 
 the Indian trails, took nothing superfluous 
 with them. Their food consisted of parched 
 corn, pounded fine and mi.xed with maple 
 sugar, pork or tallow in small quantities. They 
 
 The 27th day of August of this 3'ear, 1818, added to this simple diet such fish, game, wild 
 
 the first steamboat made its a])pearance in the plums or other fruit as they might secure on 
 
 straits of Detroit. She was named Walk-in- the route. Quito a number of our ])romincnt 
 
 tiie-Water, and was built at Black Rock, and men and women came hundreds of miles on 
 
 when finished was taken to Buffalo, not by her these small ponies, and settled in Monroe and 
 
 own motive power, as steam then iiad limita- adjoining towns. 
 
 lions, but bj- what was called the " horned 
 breeze" — several yokes of oxen being em- 
 jiloyed to tow her. The Indians wore told 
 " the ship was drawn by sturgeons," and they 
 swarmed along the shores to witness the won- 
 der. This steamboat matic weekly trips, and 
 olten brought one hundred passengers, which 
 crowded her to her utmost capacity. 
 
 Gradually roads were constructed for the 
 
 During the year 1818 an etfoi-t was made to 
 obtain a popular vote to make Michigan a State, 
 but was not successful. 
 
 General Cass, who was Governor over the 
 Territory during eighteen years, w\as one of its 
 most public spirited men, and in every way ad- 
 vanced the interests of the people The land 
 had been represented as worthless tamarack 
 swamps, bogs and sand-barrens, not worth 
 
 passage of emigrant wagons which came giving as bounty lands to the soldiers of the 
 through Oliio, or were loaded on schooners War of 1812, who instead received their 
 at Buffalo. \ military road extended ten miles grants in Illinois and Missouri. 
 l>eyond Monroe. Still the use of pack animals In order to do away with the mischievous 
 was necessary to penetrate the interior along representalions made in i-egai'd to the resources 
 the lesser streams. Judge CampboU's history of Michigan, Governor Cass organized an ex- 
 tells us "The ponies which abounded in the podition by way of the lakes to the headwaters 
 woods were very serviceable for traveling of the Mississippi. He communicated his plan 
 through the country- upon the trails. They ran to the Secretaiy of War, Mr. Calhoun, with tiie 
 
 at large, and droves of them were met near all 
 the settlements. When the seasons were dry 
 the}- would come to the streams for water in 
 large troops, and would gallop through the 
 streets at night with a great clatter, but doing 
 
 objects and purposes of his expedition, which 
 were : First, a personal examination of the 
 different Indian tribes, of their moral and 
 social condition, of their feelings toward the 
 United States, of their numerical strength ; 
 
 no harm unle.ss salt barrels were left exposed, second, to procure the extinction of Indian 
 when they would break them in to get at the title to the land in the vicinity of the Straits of 
 salt. On a journey they were usually span- St. Mary, Prairie du Chien and Green Bay, 
 
 [131] 
 
132 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and open the (•omniuniciition between the two 
 latter j^laces ; third, the examination of the 
 body of copper in the vicinity of Lake Supe- 
 rior; fourth, to ascertain the views of the 
 Indians in the vicinity of Chicago respecting 
 the removal of the Six Nations to that coun- 
 try ; fifth, to explain to the Indians the views 
 of the Government respecting their intercourse 
 with liie British authorities at Maiden, and dis- 
 tinctly announce to thom that their visits must 
 bo discontinued ; sixth, to ascertain the state of 
 the British fur trade within that part of our 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 General Cass asked for no compensation for 
 his time and services, and one thousand dollars, 
 which had been appropriated for the expedi- 
 tion, was scarcely enough to defraj- the actual 
 expenses of the trijJ. 
 
 The expedition left Detroit, May 24, 1820. 
 General Cass was accompanied b}' Captain 
 Douglass of the Engineer Corps, Lieutenant 
 McCay of the Corps of Artillery, Alexander 
 Wolcott, physician, James Duane Doty, Major 
 llobert A. Forsyth, and Henry L. Schoolcraft, 
 a scientific geologist and topographer, with 
 Charles C. Trowbridge as his assistant, and 
 Alexander R. Chase. Three bark canoes, each 
 adorned with a flag of the United States flying 
 from the stern and propelled bj' Indians and 
 voyageurs, carried the notable expedition from 
 the wharf at Detroit, where the citizens all 
 assembled, well aware of tlie importance and 
 hazard of the undertaking. The canoes were 
 paddled into the stream amid the cheers and 
 huzzas of the multitude, and seemed to fly 
 against a strong wind and (i{u■l•et^t, the voyageurs 
 regulating the strokes of their paddles to the 
 time of theii' inspiring row songs, and the 
 Indians encouraging each other by shouts of 
 wild exultation. An effort was made bj' the 
 Indians, who propelled one of the large canoes, 
 to take the lead, and an exciting boat-race was 
 improvised over the now fashionable race- 
 course, in which the Indians by their superior 
 skill soon left tlic other canoes far behind. 
 
 The party reached Mackinaw on the 10th of 
 June, where they divided the company and 
 freinlit among four canoes, and added to their 
 escort a number sufficient to fill a twelve- 
 oared barge, then proceeded to the Sault Ste. 
 Mary, where Governor Cass negotiated a treaty 
 with the Chippewas and secured a cession of 
 sixteen square miles of land for the purpose of 
 
 establishing a military ]iost. But it was not 
 accomplished without danger to himself and 
 small band of sixty men. A chief appeared in 
 the council at St. Mary's in the full dress of a 
 British officer of rank, and during the confer- 
 ence showed the greatest contempt for the 
 Americans. When the chiefs were about to 
 retire after General Cass had explained his 
 mission, and demanded no more interference 
 upon American soil of those who were subjects 
 of the British Crown, the chief in British 
 colors spurned with a kick the presents which 
 were laid in the center of the marquee where 
 the council was held, and rushing out raised 
 the British flag over the Indian lodges. When 
 Governor Cass beheld this insult, he walked 
 over to the lodge over which the flag was fly- 
 ing, where the discontented chief stood, and 
 seizing it, dashed it to the ground and trampled 
 it under his feet. The Indians were jjanic- 
 struck by the indignation of Cass. He called 
 his interpreter and addressed the chiefs; said a 
 repetition of such acts would not go unpun- 
 ished. In less than fifteen minutes the squaws 
 and children abandoned their camp atid were 
 landed on the British shore, and everything 
 ])ointcd to an immediate attack by the In- 
 dians, Preparations were made for defense, 
 but a chief who had not been present at the 
 council interposed and brought the Indians to 
 a more favorable mind, and in a few hours 
 after the sun had gone down the treat\' was 
 signed. 
 
 From tlie Sault they prosecuted their explora- 
 tions; visited the gi'eat cojjper bowlder on the 
 Ontonagon river; ])enetrated the St. Louis 
 river to a portage near Savannah river, down 
 that stream through Sandy Lake to the Mis- 
 sissippi, and ascended that river through 
 Lake Winnipeg and beyond. The knowledge 
 of the country and its resources derived from 
 the exploration was of great value. General 
 Cass returned from Chicago to Detroit by 
 land over a I'oad for which he had secured ap- 
 propriations from Congress as well as aiil from 
 the Territory'. The construction of the vari- 
 ous roads through the Territory encouraged 
 the youu'.^ men prospecting for cheap lands to 
 settle in Michigan, and the jiopulation which 
 had remained nearly stationary (or fift}^ years 
 increased to twice the number of a previous 
 census. 
 
 In 1823 an act ol Congress provided for the 
 
GOVERNOR MASON APPOINTED. 
 
 133 
 
 establishment of a legislative council. Nino 
 members were to be selected (out of eighteen 
 elected by the people) by the President, and to 
 be co!ifirnied by the Senate. This number was 
 increased to thirteen, and in 1827 the choice 
 was left entirely to the people of the Territory. 
 
 When in 1825 the Erie canal was finished — 
 that gigantic work conceived b3' the far-seeing 
 and liberal-minded Gouverueur Morris, a new 
 and direct route through the State of New 
 York, connecting at Huflfalo with a line of boats 
 across Lake Erie — indeed the first grand and 
 decided avenue to the ])rosperity of Michigan 
 was opened. Settlers were now provided with 
 cheap and comfortable transportation for their 
 families and merchandise, and the line was 
 crowded by those who had left the hard and 
 stony soil of the East for the more generous 
 and promising land of Michigan. The Indians 
 continued to code their domains to the Gen- 
 eral Government and retired farther into the 
 wilderness. Their canoes sought the winding 
 rivers, while our white sails dotted the lakes 
 and navigable streams Capitalists sought out 
 the most eligible tracts to establish prospective 
 cities and towns. Villages sprang up as if by 
 magic along the streams affording commercial 
 advantages. 
 
 President Jackson summoned General Cass 
 to a .seat in his cabinet in 1881, which gratified 
 the territorial pride although thej' parted with 
 him reluctantly. According to the Jacksonian 
 policy, "To the victors belong the spoils of 
 office," General Cass's successor was chosen 
 from Virginia, "passing over men of ability 
 and educ;Uion who were familiar with its 
 affairs and fully possessed of the public confi- 
 dence." Judge Cooley in his history of Mich- 
 igan writes: " The appointment of any one of 
 these to the vacant office would have been rec- 
 ognized as that of a competent and suitable 
 person. Some of them — as for example, Wil- 
 liam Woodbridge, who had been secretarj^ of 
 the Territory, and as such had occasionally 
 acted as governor in the absence of Governor 
 Cass, and who, after resigning the office of 
 secretary, had been successively delegate in 
 Congress and judge ; and Austin E. Wing, who 
 had also been delegate to Congress — were 
 already well known at Washington, and others 
 might have been Icnown through Governor 
 Cass had he been consulted." John T. Mason 
 was appointed, but did not servo, desiring to go 
 
 abroad on business of a private character. His 
 son, Stevens T. Mason, was appointed secretary 
 in his place. Ho was but nineteen j-ears of 
 age, and not, therefore, of legal majority. A 
 committee of citizens called upon him to in- 
 quire into the facts. Mr. Mason franklv told 
 them he was under age, but that the President 
 very well knew the fact when ho made the ap- 
 pointment, and ingenuously justified tiie act, 
 saying the emolumentsof theoffico were needed 
 for the support of his fiather's family during his 
 absence abroad. The papers of the day took 
 the matter u]) and great excitement prevailed 
 that a boy should be put over the heads of ex- 
 perienced men ; but nothing moved the deter- 
 mined President, and the people, finding they 
 appealed to deaf oars, made the best of it. At 
 a banquet given bj- Governor Cass, after the 
 wine had flowed freely, and good- nature 
 reigned, the elder Mason appealed to the guests 
 to "give the boy a chance." and thej* heartily 
 promised their support.- When the "Toledo 
 War" broke out young Mason thi-ew himself 
 into the cause of Michigan with all his heart, 
 and coniplololy won the good-will of her people. 
 
 Perhaps no State in the I'nion was ever blest 
 by a more stable and creditable number of set- 
 tlers. They came from the older States where 
 they were accustomed to self-rule, and valued 
 highly the privileges of the ballot. The census 
 taken in 1834 showed the population to he 
 87,273, more than the number authorizing them 
 to apply for admission into the L'nion, two 
 years before the question was agitated and a 
 vote obtained in its favor. 
 
 The Black Hawk war had diverted the at- 
 tention of those actively engaged in politics. 
 Manj- sharp fights occurred, and our Michigan 
 volunteers rendered important service. Black 
 Hawk was taken prisoner and confined in 
 Fortress Monroe for several months. Black 
 Hawk was a treacherous chief of the Sacs in 
 the employ of the British, upon whom he de- 
 pended in his last campaign. He had been 
 engaged in the War of 1812, and was familiar 
 with the localities about Detroit. On his return 
 from prison, his surprise was great to see the 
 advance of that city and villages near. 
 
 There was a more silent encmj- at work in the 
 Territory and quite as alarming as the Indians. 
 The Asiatic cholera reached Detroit early in 
 the summer of 1832, and although everj- pre- 
 caution was taken by boards of hralth author- 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ized by the Michigan legislative council, it was 
 impossible to avert its ravages. People fled 
 from Detroit into the country. A church was 
 converted into a hospital. Business was para- 
 lyzed. Seven per cent, of the population of 
 Detroit died in a single month. At night, b}' 
 the street crossings, along the roads at inter- 
 vals, and before private houses, great kettles of 
 burning pitch blazed and filled the air with the 
 smoUe, in a vain endeavor to disinfect the 
 oppressive atmosphere. The returning vol- 
 unteers were attacked, and hundreds of them 
 died in the woods on their return from the 
 West. Such was the horror and consternation 
 of the inhabitants, the/)rt5.Sin^ bell was silenced. 
 The continuous tolling for the departed added 
 to the general panic, as it was heard early and 
 late during those oppressive and solemn days. 
 Governor Porter was among the cholera's last 
 victims. He died July, 1834. Governor Por- 
 ter had been appointed from Pennsylvania. 
 Ho took great interest in agricultural pursuits, 
 and encouraged the improvement of stock, 
 introducing into the Territory a fine treed of 
 cattle. 
 
 The boundary question, treated in tlie ciiap- 
 teron " The Toledo War," continued to be agi- 
 tated with more or less heat. 
 
 In Ma}-, 1835, a constitutional convention 
 met in Detroit and framed a State constitution 
 to be submitted to the approval of the peoijle. 
 An election was called for the first Monday in 
 October to vote for a governor, lieutenant-gov- 
 ernor, members of the State legislature, and a 
 representative in Congress. The constitution 
 gave the right of voting to all free adult white 
 male inhabitants, then residents of Michigan, 
 whether citizens of the United States or not. 
 The legislature consisted of a senate and house 
 of representatives, over whose acts the gov- 
 ernor possessed the power of veto. The 
 governor and lieutenant-governor were to be 
 elected for terms of two years. The courts 
 were to consist of one supreme court, and such 
 inferior courts as the legislature might deem 
 necessary. Provision was made for courts of 
 probate and justices of the peace. Cabinet 
 officers and other State officers were to be ap- 
 pointed by the governor and senate. County 
 and town officers, judicial and ministerial, were 
 made elective. Education was to be encour- 
 aged, and a superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion was provided for. State officers and judges 
 
 in cases of criminal and corrupt conduct were 
 subject to impeachment. Slavery and involun- 
 tary servitude were not to be countenanced, 
 except on conviction of crime. 
 
 The constitution was plain and well adapted 
 to the necessities of an ambitious and growing 
 State. It was ratified, and Stevens T. Mason 
 was elected governor ; Edward Munday, lieu- 
 tenant-governor, and Isaac Crar}- was elected 
 i-eprcsenlative in Congress. Judges were ap- 
 pointed and courts organized. The legislature 
 elected Lucius Lyon and John Norvell United 
 States senators. 
 
 Michigan constituted herself a State, but as 
 she would not consent to the conditions relat- 
 ing to the southern boundary, she still remained 
 out of the Union, and President Jackson, who 
 was greatly displeased with Governor Mason 
 in regard to his action on that point, appointed 
 John S. Horner, of Virginia, governor of Michi- 
 gan. The president directed him not to recog- 
 nize the pretended State officers or judges, and 
 in accordance with these orders, Mr. Horner 
 magnified his office and met with little or no 
 respect. He found no one who would co- 
 operate with him, and after addressing a meet- 
 ing at the Detroit city hall, giving his views 
 with much self-assertion, those present organ- 
 ized and resolutions were adopted. One hy 
 Jacob M. Howard (who espoused the cause of 
 Michigan on the boundary question, and had 
 gone to Toledo in battle array) was as follows : 
 
 " Resolved, That if our present secretary of 
 the Territory should find it beyond his control, 
 either from the nature of his instructions, his 
 feelings of tenderness toward those who had, 
 for a long period of time, set at defiance as well 
 the laws of the Territory as those of the United 
 States, or any feelings of delicacy entertained 
 toward the executive of a neighboring State, 
 who has in vain endeavored to take a forcible 
 possession of a part of our Territory, to enable 
 him to properly carry into effect the existing 
 laws of this Territory, it is to be hoped he will 
 relinquish the duties of his office, and return to 
 the land of his nativity." 
 
 Mr. Horner soon adopted Mr. Howard's ad- 
 vice and retired from Michigan. 
 
 Congress passed an act to admit Michigan as 
 a State, June 15, 1836, but with a proviso 
 ''that this act should not take effect until the 
 State of Michigan shall be admitted into the 
 Union according to the provisions of the act 
 
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 
 
 13o 
 
 entitled, 'Aii act to establish the northern bound- 
 ary of the State of Ohio, and to provide for the 
 admission of the State of Michigan into the 
 Union on certain conditions' " (See chapter on 
 Toledo war.) Tlie legislature directed au 
 election for a convention to meet at Ann Arbor 
 the fourth Monday of September, and the con- 
 vention refused to purchase admission on those 
 terms. Soon another convention, originating 
 
 in the caueiise.H of the Jackson party, assem- 
 bled at Ann Arbor. Manj- absented them- 
 selves as it was not lawfully called, and was 
 known as the " Frost-bitten convention," only 
 those favorable to admission being present. 
 Thej- gave assent to the conditions and for- 
 warded their action to Washington, and Michi- 
 gan was finally admitted as a State, January 
 26, 1837. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 KVENTS IN MONROE COUNTY 7'-R0M 1825 TO 1834. 
 
 IN the year 182.5 Edward D. Ellis established 
 the Michigan Sentinel, the first jiapor pub- 
 lished in Southern Miehiwan, and published it 
 until 183G, when he sold the press and office to 
 Abuer Morton and son. Mr. Ellis, though 
 quite young when he came to Monroe, took an 
 active part and great interest in the prosperity 
 not onl}' of the then small but iri'owing vil- 
 lage, but also of the entire Territory of Micli- 
 iuan. He became a leading man in the village 
 and count}', frequently holding offices of re- 
 sponsibility and trust; was one of the delegates 
 chosen to form the State constitution, and was 
 one of the first State Senators Irom the couiitv- 
 of Monroe. 
 
 A very important service was rendered by 
 him in the constitutional convention to the 
 people of the State of Michigan. When an 
 enactment was under discussion for establi-sh- 
 
 remote western Indians, with some of whom 
 they had carried on hereditary hostilities for 
 ages. But when compact white settlements 
 surrounded the reservations, the Indians re- 
 ceded as they have always done before the ad- 
 vancing tide of civilized population, and sought 
 refuge in the ocean of desert stretching along 
 the bed of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 During one day in the third week of June, 
 1825, the sales at the land office in Monroe 
 amounted to $2,300 — a large amount for those 
 early days. The purchasers were from the 
 State of Now York, 
 
 During the same week Monroe Lodge of 
 Free and Accepted Masons was constituted, 
 and the officers installed by A. G. Whitriey, 
 Grand Master, by the authority of the Grand 
 Lodge of the State of New York. The instal- 
 lations and constitution took place at the court- 
 
 ing libraries in all the townships in the State, house, where an appropriate address .was de- 
 
 without any provision either to receive books 
 or sustain the libraries, it was Mr. Ellis who 
 proposed and carried through the idea that all 
 fines imposed for the violation of the penal 
 laws through the State, and all sums assessed 
 for the non-performance of military duty, 
 
 livered by the Grand Master to an audience of 
 ladies and gentlemen. The proceedings were 
 preceded and closed with prayer by the Rev. 
 Noah H. Wells. The following officers were 
 installed: Seneca Allen, Master; Hiram 
 Brown, Senior Warden ; Harry Conant (father 
 
 should be set aside as a fund for the support of of our present Secretary of State), Junior War- 
 said libraries. The idea was original with him, den ; John Anderson, Treasurer; Charles Noble, 
 and has frequently been mentioned to his Secretary; together with subordinate officers, 
 credit. He died in Detroit May 15, 1848. The members of the lodge, together with a 
 On the first of June, 1825, Governor Cass number of the fraternity from t!ie adjoining 
 passed through Monroe on his return from the counties, after the installation partook of an 
 Indian council at Wa])akoneta, Ohio. The excellent dinner, prepared bj' Alcott C. Chap- 
 
 object of the council was to purchase the reser- 
 vations in the State of Ohio and to induce the 
 Indians to join their red brethren west of the 
 Missis-sijjpi. It was convened at the request of 
 
 man of the Mansion House, then located where 
 the banking office of B. Dansard & Son now 
 stands. 
 
 On the 22d of July, 1825, a bateau arrived 
 
 the Cherokees and some of the Shawnees, who at our wharf from the River Thames, U. <!., 
 
 were anxious that all the Indians east of the with one hundred and fifty bushels of wheat 
 
 Mississippi should be removed to the country for grinding, having come a distance of one 
 
 west o( that river. But the Indians in Ohio hundred and eighty miles in consequence of 
 
 were not prepared for such a measure. Many of the scarcity of water in that vicinity. This 
 
 them were respectable farmers and lived com- may be considered a striking evidence of the 
 
 fbrtably; were indisposed to remove among the singular changes which are sometimes effected 
 
 [136] 
 
EARLY EVENTS IN MONROE COUNTY. 187 
 
 by tiiiie. Tlio depredations of our enemies March 1, 1S2(), a two-mile race on the lake 
 
 twelve years previous had caused tlight from at the mouth of the River Kaisin, was run bj- 
 
 their friends in the deptli of winter to save the celebrated horse, White Stockins;;, owned 
 
 their lives and those of their families ; now, in by Isadorc Navarre, and one owned liy .Slej)hen 
 
 the enjoyment of independence and comfort, l>uval. White Stocking;, whose owner the jear 
 
 liappy were they for the opportunity of ren- belore challenged the world to run against iiim, 
 
 deringto their former enemies good for evil, not and which was prior to that time ticcmed the 
 
 forgetting to take a reasonable amount of toll swiftest horse in North America, catne out 
 
 for the grists. several rods in the rear. 
 
 September IG, 1825, there arrived at the port l)ui-ing thi.s year (1820) the population in- 
 
 of -Monroe a pine pumj) log seventy feet in creased more than one-third, 
 
 length from the River St. Claii- for James Hale, A settlement on Stonj- Creek, four miles north 
 
 who was then building a distiller}- in the ])res- of Monroe, was commenced four miles from its 
 
 ent first ward. It was drawn tVom the River mouth, and in 1826 consisted of fourteen fami- 
 
 Raisin wharf bj' six yoke of o.xen. lies, which was making ra))id improvements. 
 
 Januarj- 26, I82t), the River Haisin was cov- The inhabitants thereof then supplied Monroe 
 ered with very thick ice, and colder weather with many of the necessaries of life. An ex- 
 had not been experienced for a number of tensive mill and other establi.shment.s were in 
 years. Most business men were compelled to operation at the mouth of Stony Creek previous 
 suspend opei-ations in consequence. In the to the War of 1812, but were destroyed by fire 
 printing office of Kdward I). Kllis, boiling water by Colonel Proctoi- and the forces under his 
 congealed instantly on being ajiplied to the command. It was during this year the United 
 type. States road between Monroe and Otter Creek, 
 
 February 17, 182(), the trial of Na-a-ga-bo or five miles south, was com])leted. 
 
 Jcick-nes-brow, an Indian of the Ottawa tribe. The Chapman House, the site of which was 
 
 for the murder of Ambegnaw, a squaw of the the corner of Washington and Front street, 
 
 Pottawatomie nation, on the evening of the 6th where B. Dansard & Son's bank now is, fbrt}- 
 
 of January, 1826, at Swan Creek, came on in six feet front and three stories high, was eom- 
 
 the Circuit Court for Monroe county, Hon. picted this j-ear — the highest building occu- 
 
 Solomon Siblej- presiding. The prosecution pied a.s a hotel at that time in the State of 
 
 was managed on behalf of the Government by Michigan. 
 
 Charles Noble, district attorney, and A. M. The assessors of Monroe county C()m])leted 
 Robertson, Esq. The prisoner was defended by their assessments for the year 1826 in June of 
 Messrs. Wolcott Lawrence and Wiiitney. who that year. The total amount of property assess- 
 were assigned him b}- the court. Itwaspi'oven ed was 81,S28.38, an increase from the pre- 
 that the accused committed the murder, but vions year of S;56:5.Ho. The assessors made it 
 drunkenness was pleaded as an excuse. The a part of their duly to take a censu.s of the in- 
 jury bnjugbt in a verdict of not guilty of mur- habitants, and the following was the result : 
 der, but guilty of manslaughter. The sentence Monroe Counlv 
 
 of the court was declared, that the pri-soner be x,„nber of white males l,-):56 
 
 confined at hard labor in the county prison for Number of wU'iU- females 1,182 
 
 one year and pay a fine of one hundred dollars, 
 
 together with the costs of prosecution. Total inhabitants 2,618 
 
 The change during the winter of 1826 in the Louiwfc Coun/;/ (attached to Monroe). 
 
 mode of carrying the mails through this part Number of white males 1-14 
 
 of the country from the back of a French pony Number of white females 12:> 
 
 to the inside of a substantial covei-ed wagon, 3 
 
 and an additional trip in the week, proved a Total inhabitants 2io 
 
 great public convenience, and was the first line The result of the census in 1820 exhibited a 
 
 of stages established in Michigan. There were, population in the same district of country of 
 
 however, some old fogies who thought it a use- 1,851. 
 
 less expense to have a mail as often as twice a The officers of the Second Hcgimentof Mich- 
 week, igan Militia, under command of f'olonci Oliver 
 
138 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Johnson, were engaged in military drill and 
 maueuvering through the streets of Monroe 
 the 16th, 17th and 18th of August, 1826. A 
 twenty-dollar sword carried b3' Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Briggs (father of Perry Briggs, of this 
 city), a general supply of muskets, together \Yith 
 the music, formed their equipment. Mili- 
 tary affairs received but little attention for the 
 two previous years, but the sound of music, 
 though consisting of fife and drum, was per- 
 fectly exhilarating. 
 
 On the first of September, I82(j, Colonel 
 Francis Navarre, the first white settler of Mon- 
 roe, departed this life. He located here by the 
 invitation of the Indians, the then sole owners 
 of the soil, who granted him a tract of 1,200 
 or 1,500 acres of land, comjjrising the portion 
 of the city of Monroe east of Scott street, ex- 
 tending from the Eiver Eaisin south to the 
 farms laid out on Otter Creek. He retained 
 at the time of his death about five hundred 
 acres of great value, which he willed to his 
 children. Was the first iterson who attempted 
 the establishment of military discipline and 
 introduced the forms of civil government in this 
 county ; was first appointed captain, afterwards 
 colonel, in the first regiment formed in the 
 county. He held at different times and for 
 long periods distinguished civil offices. He 
 maintained during his whole life great influ- 
 ence over the Indians: was conversant with 
 and spoke fluently the language of many of the 
 Indian tribes ; was distinguished for his energy 
 in aiding to accomplish the celebrated Indian 
 treaty concluded at Greenville, Ohio, under the 
 direction of General Wayne, by which the 
 United States became jjossessed of an immense 
 body of land, and secured the right of con- 
 structing roads through a valuable j)ortion of 
 the State of Michigan. He witnessed the first 
 commencement of a fine settlement here ; saw 
 the same destroyed, the bouses of the inhabit- 
 ants sacked and burned upon the battlefield, 
 and lived to see the remaining inhabitants 
 recover from the shock occasioned bj" the war, 
 settled anew in comparative affluence, and build 
 up a flourishing village within a few rods of 
 his own door. He was remarkable for his 
 habits of temperance, industry and frugality. 
 hospitable to new-comers, and was noted for the 
 strictest honesty and uprightness in all his in- 
 tercourse with mankind. 
 
 February 11, 1827, at a meeting held at the 
 
 court-house a petition was adopted to be pre- 
 sented to the legislative council, praying for an 
 act of incorporation. Our citizens were some- 
 what divided in opinion, and two parties 
 sprang up. The majority were, however, de- 
 cidedly in favor of being incorporated. The 
 vote stood 43 for and 19 against. 
 
 March 17, 1827, Mr. Price and Mr. Allen, 
 from Virginia, seized a colored man at Water- 
 loo, one mile west of Monroe, as a slave of 
 whom they claimed to be owners. Mr. Allen 
 was committed by Peter P. Ferry, a justice of 
 the peace, and held a number of months in the 
 Monroe county jail, under the care of Captain 
 Thorpe, of Swan Creek, a deputy sheriff. The 
 examination resulted in their commitment 
 under bonds of $250 each to appear at the 
 next term of the county court. Mr. Price pro- 
 duced on the examination a power of attorney, 
 the genuineness of which was very question- 
 able, from the owner of the slave in question, 
 certified by the pro])er officers of the State of 
 Virginia. 
 
 The first annual township election for the 
 town of Monroe was held May 2, 1827. Samuel 
 Choate was elected sujDcrvisor by a vote of 49; 
 Edward I). Ellis, township clerk; assessors, 
 Samuel Stone, jr., Joseph G. Navarre, Jere- 
 miah Lawrence; commissioners of highways, 
 Daniel MulhoUen, Hiram Brown and Samuel 
 W. Gale; overseers of the poor, William W. 
 Gale and George Alfred ; constables, James 
 McManus and Ethel Burch ; collector, James 
 McManus; poundmaster, Waterburj- Gray; 
 fence viewers, William Page, Francis Robert, 
 Aiken Duval, David Barker. 
 
 May 12, 1827, the first village election took 
 place, resulting in the election of John Ander^ 
 son, president; trustees, Hiram Brown, Ezekiel 
 A. Peltier, Edward D. Ellis, Peter P. Ferry, 
 Anthony L. Briggs ; treasurer, Thomas Wilson; 
 marshal. Otia Stowell. 
 
 Maj'SO, 1827, the annual meeting of the La- 
 Plaisance Bay Harbor Comjiany was held. 
 Alcott C. Chapman, Charles Noble, Levi S. 
 Humphrey, John Anderson and Harry Conant 
 were chosen directors for the ensuing j'ear. 
 John Anderson, Levi S. Humphrey, Oliver 
 Johnson, were chosen to superintend the next 
 annual election. The directors chose Levi S. 
 Humphrey president; Edward D. Ellis, secre- 
 tary; and Oliver Johnson, treasurer. 
 
 On the 23d of June, 1827, Messrs. Miller and 
 
A DISTRESSING CALAMITY 
 
 139 
 
 Germain sl)i]i])cd from LaPlaisance Bay liarbor 
 for the city of New York, two hundred barrels 
 of tloiir, manufactured at the mills in tlie vil- 
 Ia2;e of Monroe. It is believed to be the first 
 flour exported from Michigan, and passed in 
 New York market for superfine. 
 
 The election in 1827 for niembers of the 
 legislative council in Monroe and Lenawee 
 counties resulted in the following vote : 
 
 3I0UTW. Lena ii'ff. Total. 
 
 W'cilcott Lawr.-nce lt>8 41 209 
 
 Charles Noble 12:! 74 197 
 
 Laurent Durocher 170 2(1 196 
 
 Charles James Lanman 109 75 184 
 
 Peter P. Ferry 102 12 114 
 
 Edward D. Ellis 42 42 
 
 Darius Comstock "il :;9 90 
 
 The townships then organized in Monroe 
 county in which votes were east, were Mon- 
 roe, Frenchtown, Raisinville, Port Lawrence 
 (Toledo). In Lenawee county the townships 
 were Tecumsch, Logan, Blissfield and St. 
 Joseph. 
 
 A distressing calamity, one of wliich the 
 history of this county affords no parallel, oc- 
 curred January 27, 1828. On the evening of 
 that day. the wife and five children of John Bt. 
 Couture, who resided on the beach of Lake 
 Erie, on the south side of Otter Creek, in the 
 township of Lasselle (now Erie), were awak- 
 ened by the beating of the ice against the 
 little dwelling, occasioned by the rising of the 
 waters of the lake during a heavy storm of 
 wind. They resolved on making their waj- to 
 a neighboring house in the hope of finding 
 shelter. Mrs. Couture took two of the chil- 
 dren upon her back, the hired girl took two, 
 and the oldest, a little bo}' eleven years old, 
 endeavored to make his way on foot. They 
 bad not advanced far through water and ice, 
 waist deep, before Mrs. Couture lost her two 
 children. The idea of leaving them to perish 
 was insupportable. She endeavored in vain to 
 find them, when the little boy requested his 
 mother to leave him behind, in the hope of 
 rescuing himself and comrades. Mrs Couture 
 advanced as far as a fence against which the ice 
 appeared to beat without extending beyond. 
 She was found Sunday morning with her foot 
 caught in the fence; her children were found 
 some rods distant, but the affectionate little 
 boy was not found until the next da}-. The 
 hired girl, findini^ she could be of no assistance, 
 
 went to the house for wliicli they had all 
 started ; it was deserted, surrounded by water, 
 and the door fastened. She placed the two 
 children on a ladder to which they clung, 
 while she was endeavoring to gain entrance; 
 the}' cluni; for a (ew moments, but benumbed 
 by cold, fell into the water and perished. Find- 
 ing herself alone, she sought safet}' by climb- 
 ing on the top of an outside oven, where she 
 remained until morning, when she was taken 
 from her perilous situation, where she could not, 
 thinly clad, have long survived. Mr. Couture 
 was absent on a visit to the only surviving 
 child, wno was attending school at Bay Settle- 
 ment, now Erie. 
 
 The greatest nuisance to farmers in early 
 times was a small blackbird, of insignificant 
 appearance, its probable weight two or three 
 ounces, the male having a red spot on each 
 wing. For ca])ability for destruction there are 
 none of the feathered race that can compare 
 with them. They attack all kinds of grain as 
 soon as formed, or as soon as in the milk. The 
 flocks have shown themselves in some instances 
 capable of blasting the toil of a \ ear of the 
 husbandman in a single day. Edward I). 
 Ellis watched one blackbird upon an ear of 
 corti, which commenced at the top and stripped 
 the husk down as it became necessary to reach 
 the kernel, and then devoured the whole ear 
 in less than an hour, constituting a weight and 
 bulk apparently much larger than the bird. 
 They appear to be capable of eating from sun- 
 rise to sunset. When the day's work of eating 
 is over with them, all within ten miles were at 
 an early day wont to resort to one spot to rest 
 for the night. This takes place in the marsh 
 among the coarsest grass. In November they 
 retire to a more southern latitude, and return 
 the lastof February, greatly diminished in num- 
 bers, generally congregating in their old rest- 
 ing-places. The first of May they disappear 
 — each pair to building nests and rearing their 
 young. About the middle of July they a.s.sem- 
 ble in the fields of grain with their replenished 
 numbers, and commence the great work of 
 destruction. They sought the farms west of 
 Monroe in immense numbers every morning, 
 and returned to themarshesa little before sun- 
 .sct. I have frequentl}- seen files of men on 
 Washington street stationed a few rods apart 
 with their shot-guns, who fired as the flocks 
 pass over, killing in some instances fifty at one 
 
140 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 sliot. The contrast is great with the present 
 time, as we see but comparative!}' few. The 
 bountj' offered for their destruction was insuf- 
 ficient, and the results were excecdinglj' dam- 
 aging to crops. 
 
 Major John Wliijjple, of Detioit, was tiiis 
 year (1830) appointed keeper of the light-house 
 a short time before erected in the vicinity of 
 La Plaisance Bay harbor on Lake Erie. 
 
 On the 22d of January, 1832, a very revolt- 
 ing sj)ectacle was witnessed by the citizens of 
 Monroe — the whijjping of Edward Dillon 
 with fifteen lashes on the bare back, a custom 
 which yet prevails in New Jersey. It was, 
 however, an efficient mode, as those subjected 
 to public whipping were so thoroughly dis- 
 graced that they were seldom in those daj-s 
 seen twenty-four hours after j^unishment It 
 was often adopted as a mode of jiunishment 
 for theft. The whipping always took place on 
 the public square in Monroe. 
 
 Alcott C. Chapman removed to Monroe from 
 Pitt8fiekl,Mas.sachusetts, soon after the close of 
 the War of 1812, when the prospects of this 
 section of country were at the lowest ebb. He 
 continued to i-eside here from that time to the 
 date of his death, April 22, 1831, aged thirty- 
 eight years. Mr. Chapman was uniformly one 
 of its most public-spirited citizens, and to his 
 exertions more than to any other single indi- 
 vidual was the village of Monroe indebted for 
 its then flourishing prosj)ects. He erected the 
 largest hotel in the State, and even up to the 
 time of his last sickness his enterprise was not 
 in the least abated, as he was then engaged in 
 erecting another splendid building on Monroe 
 street. 
 
 The Eiver Eaisin toll bridge on the 6th of 
 March, 1832, left its long established founda- 
 tion and departed in solemn majesty down 
 stream. This event, from a considerable rise 
 of water and the heavy masses of ice that were 
 floating with great force at the time, was 
 looked for with a great degree of certainty by 
 a concourse of the citizens, who had assem- 
 bled to witness the exit of the rotten skeleton 
 that had so long overshadowed our I'iver. 
 Several individuals who had posted themselves 
 on the bridge narrowly escaped a similar fate. 
 The loss to the owners, Messrs. Henry Dishrow 
 and John Bt. Russeau, was severely felt by 
 tliem, as they had purchased the charter but a 
 short time previous. Some of our older citi- 
 
 zens well remember the old toll bridge. Since 
 its day and before the day of iron bridges they 
 have seen many a wooden structure sent cavort- 
 ing down stream l)y the spring freshets, but the 
 day for that kind of entertainment is now 
 happily jjast. 
 
 Townshijj election for Monroe resulted April 
 14, 1832, in the election of Luther Harvo}", 
 supervisor ; Peter P. Ferry, township clerk ; 
 Levi S. Humphrey, Nathan Hubbell and Bzekiel 
 A. Peltier, assessors : Samuel H. Gale, David 
 M. Jacobs and Stephen Duval, commissioners; 
 Edward D. Ellis, director of the poor; John 
 MulhoHcn, collector; James H. Miller, John 
 Mulhollen, Louis E. Bailey, constables: Daniel 
 S. Bacon, Phanucl W. Warriner and Harry 
 Conant, school inspectors; Waterbury Gray, 
 Harr}' Conant, poundmasters ; W. W. Gale, 
 David M. Jacobs, Robert F. Navarre, fence 
 viewers. 
 
 Village election occurred June 4, 1832, and 
 the following persons were elected : President, 
 John Anderson ; trustees, Harry Conant, Tim- 
 othy H. Lindsley, Samuel P. Munger, Harry 
 V. Mann, Thomas G. Cole; treasurer, Edward 
 D. Ellis; marshal, Lewis E. Bailey; assessors, 
 Levi S. Humphrey, Nathan Hubbell; school 
 commissioners, Warner Wing, James (^. Adams, 
 Wolcott Lawrence; supervisor of highways, 
 Joseph Wood. 
 
 Jeremiah Lawrence came to Monroe August 
 5 1817 — was a native of Connecticut. Took 
 an active part in the cause of his country dur- 
 ing the Revolutionary War; was for many 
 years a civil magistrate in Massachusetts, and 
 during the most of his residence here acted in 
 a similar capacity, besides filling a variety of 
 public trusts in the village and township. He 
 died at the residence of his son-in-law, Joseph 
 
 C. Garwood, on the 5th of August, 1833. 
 Township election in Monroe April, 1834, 
 
 resulted in the election of Edward D. Ellis, 
 supervisor; Peter P. Ferrj', town clerk ; Josejjh 
 Wood, James H. Miller, Lewis E. Bailey, con- 
 stables ; Seneca Allen, Issachar Frost, Nathan 
 Hubbell, assessors ; David M. Jacobs, Norman 
 
 D. Curtis, Stephen Duval, commissioners of 
 highways; Thomas Wilson, Henry S. Piatt, 
 directors of the poor; Wolcott Lawrence, Harry 
 Conant, Isaac P. Skinner, school commissioners; 
 James Q. Adams, Daniel S. Bacon, Timothy H. 
 Lindsley, Harry V. Mann and .Fohn H. Con- 
 verse, school inspectors 
 
TIIK VILI.AGK OF MONROE. 
 
 141 
 
 TlIK VILLAGE OF >[()NR()i:. 
 
 The settlement, so far us it could claim the 
 name of a town prior to the disastrous scenes 
 of the late war with Great Britain, was con- 
 fined to the opposite (north) side of the River 
 Raisin, |irincipally at a point where the present 
 turnpike road leaves the River Haisin in the 
 direction of Detroit, at the place of the princi- 
 pal massacre of the River Raisin at the time of 
 General Winchester's well-known defeat. The 
 town was then known by the name of French- 
 town, and was composed of a few dwellings 
 and stores of those who were princijially en- 
 gaged in the Indian fur trade, but which was 
 mainly destro3-ed in January, 1813. 
 
 No efforts were made towards building up a 
 town on the south side of the River Raisin 
 prior to the year 1817, when b^' an executive 
 proclamation of acting Governor William 
 Woodbridge, foundetl on the report of Colonel 
 John Anderson and Wolcott Jjawrence, ap- 
 pointed to examine and report in the premises, 
 the town of Monroe was laid out as now exist- 
 ing, on the south bank of the River Raisin, 
 upon lands belonging to Joseph Loranger and 
 others, who dulj- e.xpres.sed their a.ssent to the 
 subdivisions tliereol into profier lots, streets, 
 commons, and public squares, and moreover 
 agreed to make liberal donations for the benefit 
 of said count}- and to execute conveyances to in- 
 ure to the public use, and said town was at that 
 time constituted the permanent seat of justice 
 in and for the county of Monroe. The reason 
 for locating the town upon the south side of 
 the river was that the titles to the lands for 
 
 public gr()un<ls eoulil not be obtaine(l upon the 
 opposite side. For the ten following years the 
 towni made but trifling progress. 
 
 In 1821: the office for the sale of the public 
 lauds in the Southwestern Land District of the 
 Territory was opened in the village of Monroe. 
 Charles J. Lanman and Dr. Robert Clark were 
 appointed register and receiver, and the office 
 was continued with advantage to the Govern- 
 ment until bj' the passage of an act of Congress 
 Februarj- 10, 1831, the office was abolished, the 
 district changed, and a new office opened in St. 
 Joseph county. The difficulties, however, to 
 which the inhabitants were subjected by this 
 change soon became apparent to the Govern- 
 ment, and accordingly, early in the session of 
 Congress, the Southern Lanil District was 
 formed, and the office again located in the vil- 
 lage of Monroe, and sales were commenced in 
 Maj', 1833. Early in the administration of 
 General Andrew Jack.son, Messrs. Lanman and 
 Clark were removed, and Messrs. Dan. B. Miller 
 and Levi S. Humphrey were their successors. 
 
 B}' the census taken under authority of the 
 United States in the summer and fall of 1830, 
 the village numbered a population of but 478 
 souls. The best judges computed the popula- 
 tion in 1834 between 1,200 and 1,500. 
 
 The count}' was then subdivided into nine 
 townships, all possessing an active and enter- 
 prising population, and thought to comprise 
 5,000 or tj,000 souls. The county is watered 
 by Swan Creek, Otter Creek, Plum Creek, the 
 River Raisin and its branches, and Stony Creek ; 
 bounded on the north by Huron River. 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 .TAMES .JACQUES GODFROY 
 
 WAS born in Detroit in 1824. Was edu- 
 cated at Bardstown, Kentucky ; there 
 studied law, but abandoned the profession on 
 account of ill-health. He formed a copartner- 
 ship with his brother Peter, with the firm name 
 of P. & J. J. Godfroy. They were conversant 
 with the language of the different tribes of In- 
 dians then in this vicinity, and spoke fluently 
 the English, French and Indian languages. 
 The subject of this article was with the Indians 
 very popular, and was elected a chief hj the 
 Pottawatomie tribe. Their trade was mainlj' 
 with the French and Indians, and was con- 
 ducted on such thoroughly honest and up- 
 right principles that hesecured their confidence 
 and friendship. It was rarely the ease that 
 any negotiations for farms or transactions of 
 importance were made by the French inhabit- 
 ants without first submitting them to Mr. God- 
 froy, then adopting his advice and counsel. 
 His feelings and .sympathies were all with the 
 Democratic party, and he wielded a wonderful 
 influence with the French vote of the county. 
 The common expression at that early day was; 
 " As goes Jock Godfroy, so goes the county." 
 He was a constant attendant at the polls on 
 election days, and as many of the French did 
 not read or write, they always felt sure of a 
 straight Democratic vote if they received it 
 from the hands of Jock, and all efforts to dis- 
 suade 01' influence them were fruilless. His 
 activity and energy in distributing ballots at 
 such times will long be remembered by the 
 early settlers. 
 
 As heretofore stated, nearly all important 
 negotiations and transfers of real estate were 
 made through his counsel and advice, and in a 
 large proportion of the early conveyances in 
 the register's office of this count}' you find his 
 name as the subscribing witness. He was in 
 manner modest and retiring, and though much 
 
 interested in politics was averse to having 
 his name used as a candidate for any office 
 of public trust. In but one instance was his 
 name submitted, then as a candidate for mayor 
 of the city on the tempoi'ance ticket. He was 
 a strong advocate of the temperance cause, was 
 elected by a very large majority, and dis- 
 charged the duties of the office acceptably to 
 the citizens, with credit to himself, and with- 
 out compensation. The firm of P. & J. J. God- 
 froy built and occupied as a store the building 
 on the corner of Front and Macomb streets, 
 now owned and occupied by Mr. Eli Eivard. 
 
 Mr. Godfroy resided until 1836 on his farm 
 on the north side of the River Raisin, now 
 owned and occupied by one of our most enter- 
 prising farmers, Mr. Dubois. During that year 
 he built for those days a stately residence on 
 the farm directly east of the Philij) R. Tull 
 residence, which he occupied up to the time of 
 his death and which is still owned by his de- 
 scendants. 
 
 Wedworth W. (JIark, fiivorably known to 
 our citizens, became a copartner of the firm of 
 P. & J. J. Godfroy under the name of P. & J. 
 Godfroy & Co., removed from the old stand, 
 and for many years occupied the store on the 
 south side of Front street, in the Dansard 
 block, now owned by his son Samuel. 
 
 Until the Indians were by our Government 
 removed west of the Mississippi, it was custom- 
 ary for the Indians on every New Year's day 
 to c:illat the residence of their chief with their 
 squaws and jiapooses. A pa])00se was strapped 
 tightlj- to a boai-d and carried on the squaw's 
 back. An additional leather strap was nailed 
 to the " barseau " in order that it might be 
 slung over the mother's head, to enable her to 
 carry the "barseau" with its contents (the 
 papoose). It was so constructed as to hang on 
 the bough of a tree, thus serving the purpose of 
 a modern cradle. 
 
 The approach of storms of thunder and light- 
 
 [142] 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 143 
 
 niiig was fraught with terror and ap|)rehension 
 to Mr. Godfrey, and it was his custom to leave 
 his customers and business, hasten iiome, dis- 
 robe, iiurry into his hirge feather bed and 
 cover his head with pillows, believing it a 
 sure protection. When the storm had sub- 
 sided he would return to his customers, finding 
 tliem waiting for him and indulging in merri- 
 ment at his expense. 
 
 Mr. Godfroy vvas employed by our (iovern- 
 mcnt to remove the Indians west of the Mis. 
 sissippi, and at that time purchased nearly all 
 the French ponies in the county. 
 
 Mr. Godfroy married Victoria, the daughter 
 of Colonel Francis Navarre. He died in 1847, 
 leaving a widow and a fa mily of throe sons and 
 five daughters, all of whom are now living 
 with the exception of one son, Frederick, who 
 died at Plattsburg in 1885. He married the 
 daughter of Eichard Phillips, of Brest. Fred- 
 erick was intended by his father for the priest- 
 hood in the Catholic church, and partially 
 completed a course of study in our State Uni- 
 vei'.sitv; but preferring a business life, he was 
 for man}- years clerk in the dry goods store of 
 Charles G. Johnson, afterward clerk in the 
 banking' office of Wing & Johnson in Monroe, 
 and in tiie banking office of Mitchell &, Wal- 
 dron of Hillsdale. Subsequently he was ap- 
 ]iointcd by our Government a commissioner 
 and Indian agent in New Mexico. 
 
 John L. C. Godfroy, the eldest son of J. J. 
 Godfroj-, commonly called Columbus, inherited 
 many of the characteristics of his father, and 
 is one of our most trustworthy citizens. He 
 was for main- years a dry goods merchant in 
 Monroe. He has enjoyed the confidence of the 
 public, has served the county as treafui'cr, is 
 frequently sought for as executor and adininis- 
 ti'alor of estates, and is now identified in busi- 
 ness with the Wilder Manufacturing Company 
 in Monroe. 
 
 J. J. Godfrey's eldest dau<,'htci', Celestine 
 Ann Godfroy, married the Hon. Frederick 
 Waldorf, who was born in Wcll.>to«ii, Ger- 
 nianj', January 27, 1825. He came to Monroe 
 -May 9, 1842, from Buffalo, and was in the cm- 
 ))loy ofSamuel J. Holley, the owner of the City 
 Mills, on Front street. B}- his industry and 
 enterprise he became one of the most ])i-omi- 
 nent and wealthy citizens. In politics he is a 
 Republican; averse to holding office, though in 
 a city where the party is in a large minority 
 
 he has often beeti elected mayor of the cit^-, 
 and dischai-ged the duties with great credit to 
 liimself, proving worthy of the honor conferred. 
 He is highly esteemed as a man of integrity' 
 and uprightness, and has been for many years 
 and is now the President of the First National 
 Bank of Monroe. 
 
 The second daughter of James J. Godfroy, 
 Regina Victoria Godfroy, married Thurlow A. 
 Strong, present register of deeds of .Monroe 
 county. 
 
 The third daughter, Alexandi-ine, mari-ied Mr. 
 DeRuttc, who died in Buffalo. The widow and 
 children reside in Monroe. 
 
 The remaining sons, Augustus, Samuel and 
 Philip, are in business in Monroe, and with 
 their brothers have ever adhered to the tem- 
 perance principles of their father. 
 
 COLONEL PKTER PF.YRE FERRY 
 
 Was born in Marseilles, France, and received a 
 liberal education. He had a commission from 
 and fought under Napoleon Bonaparte in his 
 campaigns in Italy, Africa, (rermany, and 
 Austria, and with him suffered in common 
 with his armj- the horrors and hardships of 
 bis memorable campaigns, living for days and 
 weeks on horseflesh, and when in Monroe in 
 subsequent j^ears related the. incident of his 
 entertaining at tliuner a number of his fellow 
 French officers, .when the bill of fare consisted 
 principalh' of rats. 
 
 After the successful campaigns of Napoleon 
 Bonaparte in 1800 and 1801, resulting in the 
 treaties with Spain, Naples, Bavaria, Portugal, 
 Russia and Turkey, it seemed as if a universal 
 cessation of hostilities was about to mark the 
 history of Europe. To the title of Conqueror, 
 the First Consul now added that of Pacificator. 
 Many could then understand the cautious steps 
 of Napoleon toward a still more absolute 
 power — his head was giddy with success, and 
 it was apparent he was aiming at the imperial 
 diadem. At this time, and two j-ears before 
 he was proclaimed Emperor of France, Colonel 
 Ferry believed in .service he was contending 
 for a rejjublic. When it was a])parent that 
 Napoleon Bonaparte's ambition and deter- 
 mination was to be the Emperor of France, 
 disregarding and setting aside the principles 
 that had animated those whose heart's desire 
 
144 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 was a republic for Franco, and for which they 
 supposed they were fighting, Colonel Ferry de- 
 manded his passports, which were with reluc- 
 tance grunted, and he embarked for America. 
 He first sought New York in 1802, in which 
 citj' his brother Joseph resided. He could not 
 return to France, and authorized his brother by 
 a power of attorney to convert his property in 
 France into available monoj'. His brother 
 proved false to his trust, appropriated his es- 
 tate and wealth to his own use, reducing Colo- 
 nel Ferry from affluence to poverty. 
 
 In New York city he married Ann Lloyd 
 Jones, an English lady, from thence moved to 
 Stamford, Connecticut, from thence to Dan- 
 bury, Ohio, and from thence to Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 He arrived in Monroe in October, 1822, and 
 occupied one-half of the Lacroix house, now 
 standing, on the north side of the River Eaisin 
 and owned by Louis Lafontain. After one 
 year's residence he was appointed a justice of 
 the peace. He also taught school a number of 
 years, and is now well remembered by many 
 of our older citizens as the keeper of the toll 
 bridge that crossed the river at the site of the 
 present Monroe street bridge. 
 
 Colonel Ferry was regarded as one of our 
 most intelligent citizens, a fine accountant and 
 trustworthy, and was for many successive 
 3'ears elected treasurer of the county of Mon- 
 roe. He resided on Washington street, in the 
 homestead now owned and in possession of his 
 descendants, Mrs. John TuU and family. 
 
 He died in May, 1845, leaving a widow, two 
 sons and two daughters. Lucian Ferry, his 
 eldest son, was born in 1811, at Stamford, Con- 
 necticut, loft Monroe at the age of .seventeen 
 and embarked in the fur trade at Fort Wayne, 
 Indiana, where he also studied law and was 
 admitted to practice. He was for many years 
 prosecuting attorney of that county. He died 
 at Fort Wayne, leaving a widow, one son and 
 two daughters. The daughters are married 
 and now reside in Fort Wayne. The son 
 settled in and is now jiracticing law in Port- 
 land, Oregon. 
 
 Adelaide, daughter of Peter P. Ferry, was 
 born in Cleveland, Ohio, May 5, 1814; married 
 in the spring of 1835, but lived but one year 
 thereafter. 
 
 Julia Ann was born in Danbury, Ohio, 
 November 12, 1816; was married in October, 
 1837, to John Tull. 
 
 Lewis Victor Ferry, second son, was born in 
 Danbury, Ohio, May 9, 1820 ; died at the age of 
 twenty-eight in Monroe. 
 
 Margaret was born at Sandusky, Ohio, May 
 23, 1822; married in August, 1842, to Rov. 
 Eesing Sapp, a minister of the Methodist 
 Bijiscopal church, who died May 5, 1873, leav- 
 ing six sons : Dexter T. Sapp, a lawj'er in Colo- 
 rado ; William and Edward, both lawyers in 
 Galena, Kansas ; Charles, a bookkeeper in 
 (rrand Eapids ; and John R. Sapp, who was 
 killed bv lightning in his thirty-seventh year, 
 while a student at the Michigan University. 
 
 Elisha, the third son of Peter P. Ferry, was 
 born in Monroe, August 9,1825; was educated 
 in the Branch University of Michigan, at Mon- 
 roe, the Rev. Samuel Center, principal. He 
 first settled and, practiced law in Fort Wajne, 
 Indiana. Practiced law thereafter in Wauke- 
 gan, Illinois (then Little Fort). He there 
 married tho daughter of Doctor Kellogg, was 
 appointed surveyor-general by President Lin- 
 coln, and was subsequently appointed for two 
 terms governor of the State. He is now living 
 at Seattle, Washington Territory, with a family 
 of five children. 
 
 Colonel Peter P. Ferry was in sentiment 
 and belief an infidel, until his attendance in the 
 old yellow court-house on the services con- 
 ducted by the Rev. Mr. Frontis, a Presbyterian 
 clergyman, at which time he became a Chris- 
 tian and united with the First Presbyterian 
 church in the 3 ear 1825, saj'ing, however, that 
 his father was a member of the Protestant 
 Episcopal church in France, and his partiality 
 therefor would induce him to dissolve his con- 
 nection should a Protestant Episcopal church 
 be organized. He was one of the first mem- 
 bers of the Protestant Episcopal church in this 
 city, was the successor of Doctor Walter Colton, 
 the first warden, assisted in organizing the 
 Sabbath school therein, and was for some time 
 superintendent thereof 
 
 ROBERT CLARK 
 
 Was born June 12, 1777, six months after his 
 father's family arrived in America. He was of 
 Scotch ancestrj-, concerning whom very little 
 is known, beyond the fact that his family emi- 
 grated from that part of Scotland known as 
 the Lowlands. The family settled in Wash- 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1S37. 
 
 145 
 
 ingtoii county, Mew York, ami tlio t'allifi- of 
 Robert Clark died when his son was but thir- 
 teen 3'ears old. His early da3's were passed as 
 most pioneers, havinij little ease or luxury. Jle 
 was wont to relate "how he studied lying on 
 the floor in front of the open fire, his student 
 lamp a pine knot, and the table upon which 
 the book rested being the floor in front of 
 him." Probably the minister of the parish 
 was hi.s classical teacher, as his knowledge of 
 Greek and Latin was most accurate and his 
 scientific attainments (|uite level with results 
 of college training. His professional studies 
 were doubtless pursued in his brother's office. 
 Ilis onl}' brotiier. Dr. Thomas CMark, was a 
 skillful physician, and jn-acticed in Washington 
 county and other places in New York until ho 
 removed to Michigan. 
 
 Di-. Robert Clark was married to Catherine 
 Reid when ho was twent^'-two years old and 
 his bride was barely fifteen. He practiced 
 medicine in Galway, Washington county. Now 
 York, and although his mother-in-law made 
 him an advantageous offer to settle in Canada, 
 at LaChyne, his wife's former home, offering 
 him a comfortable home and great induce- 
 ments, he thanked her profbundl}-, at the same 
 time telling her he could never sacrifice his 
 ])rineiples to his interests by establishing him- 
 self in the King's dominions (the spirit of 
 Americans was greatly embittered at this time). 
 Dr. Clark met with fair success and established 
 himself in a comfortable home where two chil- 
 dren were born, but one day while they were 
 all abroad, the house mj'steriously took fire 
 and burned to the ground. Nothing was saved 
 and they were in extremities. Neighbors were 
 kind and a temporary shelter was sujiplicd, and 
 .soon a third child was born. Dr. Clark moved 
 soon afterward to Stanford, Delaware county, 
 New York, where for a time he lived with the 
 Kedzie family, and in the year 1828 he with 
 William Kedzie came to Michigan. Dr. Clark 
 bought a home eight miles from Delhi, where 
 he practiced for some time with marked suc- 
 cess. Ho abandoned his profession for the 
 broader field of politics. Ho was twice elected 
 to the New Y'ork Assembl}- and represented 
 his district one or two terms in Congress. 
 Through the influence of Colonel John Ander- 
 son he came to Monroe, where he secured the 
 office from the Government of regi.ster of tho 
 land office. Mr. Charles Lanman, a lawyer 
 
 from Norwich, Connecticut, was associaleil with 
 him. 
 
 Mrs. Clark, with eight children, the j'oungcst 
 but twenty months old, followed the doctor as 
 soon as convenient. They cjinie b^- hired 
 teams as far as Utica, then by the Hrio canal as 
 far as Rochester, and finally by hired teams 
 again as far as Buffalo, when they ombarkod on 
 the steamer Superior — the second set afloat on 
 Lake Erie. The voyage lasted five days, and 
 was not altogether favorable as to storms, and 
 they were glad to land in Detroit — from which 
 place tho journey to Monroe was made in an 
 open boat, which had a sort of cabin some- 
 where in the hold ; the name of the boat was 
 the Firefly; the captain was Luther Harvey. 
 When the boat was made fast to the wharf the 
 only one-horse wagon owned in tho village met 
 the family and conveyed the mother and daugh- 
 ters to the little village. The doctor secured 
 the best accommodations to be had, which 
 were poor enough ; the house was on Monroo 
 street, partially finished and unpainted, known 
 as the MulhoUen house. There was not a 
 church in tho village, but about a mile or per. 
 haps two up the river was a Catholic church. 
 Meetings were held in the courthouse, which 
 served as a jail and residence for tho family of 
 the jailer. The summer after the family's arri- 
 val, some of the household wore attacked with 
 the prevalent disease of the country — ague 
 and fever. Dr. Harry Conant, a young physi- 
 cian, was called, who understood the treatment 
 neces-sary, and the family soon were restored to 
 health. The friendshij) contracted in trouble 
 endured to the end of their lives. Dr. Conant 
 survived his friend Dr. Clark several years, 
 and by request of the Medical Association de- 
 livered the memorial address, in which he paid 
 a deserved tribute to his memory, " whom ho 
 revered as a Christian, trusted as a man, and 
 honored as a ph3-sician." 
 
 About the j ear 1823 Dr. Clark purchased a 
 beautiful farm ju.st at the edge of the village. 
 The place had been quite a business center for 
 tho French, and had once a distillery, a saw- 
 mill, a flouring mill and a bakery, with three 
 or four houses besides. It had belonged to the 
 Lasselle estate. There were flourishing or- 
 chards in various degrees of maturity, beside 
 peach and cherry trees. Mrs. Clark, with her 
 son Duncan, explored the|)lace and determined 
 to utilize the French village. They repaired 
 
146 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 two or tlii'ee ot the houses and moved into 
 them. Many distinguished guests wei'e made 
 welcome under these lowly roofs. Wiien Gen- 
 eral Jackson was made President of tlie United 
 States he called Governor Cass as a member of 
 his cabinet, which was disastrous to his Michi- 
 gan friends, for instead of iiaving a friend at 
 court and being allowed to .still hold his posi- 
 tion, the land office was moved to White 
 Pigeon, tiius making a place for two favorites 
 of the President's. Dr. Clark returned to the 
 pi'actice of medicine with his accustomed skill 
 but with abated enthusiasm. He found, how- 
 ever, pleasant occupation in cultivating his 
 narrow French farm — in experimenting with 
 fruits and grasses and in draining the lands. 
 
 Dr. Clark was a man of positive convictions 
 and never lacked the courage to express them — 
 plain-spoken almost to biuntness. He began 
 life as a Democrat. Of his party affiliations he 
 used to say, " That ho had never changed his 
 principles, but found himself a member of the 
 Whig party without needing to change." In 
 New York he was a Free and Accepted Mason, 
 but was not in harmony or fellowship with the 
 lodge of Monroe, becau.se men were admitted 
 of loose principles and impure lives. He was a 
 Presbyterian, and when living in New York a 
 member and ruling elder in the Scotch church, 
 and alwa3-s retained an aversion to instru- 
 mental music in chure^li. He objected to the 
 introduction of a flute and bass viol in the 
 Presbyterian church, but being out voted he 
 submitted very reluctantly, and when the con- 
 gregation rose to praise God with the sound of 
 the flute and viol he would not rise. At the 
 time of the division of the church, his sympa- 
 thies were with the old school but as his 
 church and presbytery were now school, he 
 united with them and was afterward satisfied 
 to be so. On the subject of missions, he was 
 in advance of his age. A draft of an address 
 delivered before the Count}- Bible Society fifty 
 years ago, contains a plea for the nations in 
 darkne-ss which would still be powerful if made 
 before the General Assembly or the American 
 Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. Clark was a 
 man of fine liter^ny taste, an easy conversa- 
 tionalist, possessed of a keen sense of humor. 
 His society was always prized. After a long 
 and painful illness, he expressed himself thus 
 in regard to the hour of his death ; " It would 
 seem a joyful privilege to begin to praise God 
 
 in heaven at the hour that he had been accus- 
 tomed to worship Him on earth.'" On a Sab- 
 bath morning, just as the church bells were 
 calling the worshipers, he entered into the 
 church of the First Born written in heaven, 
 October 1, 1837. 
 
 Mrs. Clark survived her husband twenty- 
 two years. She was a woman noted for sound 
 judgment and intelligence, and was greatly 
 beloved by the community. She was the 
 mother of thirteen children, ten of whom grew 
 to maturity. 
 
 The second child was Duncan Eeid Clark, 
 born August IG, 1802, married Miss Sophie, 
 Downing, daughter of Captain Downing, of 
 Monroe, June 12, 1829. He acted as crier at 
 one of the public land sales and tlie effort 
 brought on hemorrhage of the lungs, from 
 which he never recovered. He died at his 
 father's house in Monroe, February 16, 1835 ; 
 was respected as a Christian and a man of much 
 promise. He left one son, who is now a 
 banker in Reed City, Michigan. 
 
 The fourth child born to Dr. Clark, Maria 
 Reid Clark, born February 21, 1807, was a 
 peculiarly bright and interesting child and her 
 father's pride. She was married January 31, 
 1826, and soon removed to White Pigeon, 
 where she died August 17, 1839, leaving three 
 sons and an infant daughter. The oldest son 
 died when quite j-oung. The youngest son, 
 Robert Clark Knaggs, was adopted bj' his aunt, 
 Mrs. A. E. Kellogg, distinguished himself in 
 the Rebellion, was a prisoner at Libby Prison, 
 is a respected citizen of Chicago. 
 
 Thomas Clark, son of Dr. Robert Clark, was 
 born Februarj' 13, 1809 ; was married to Miss 
 Lavonia Hopkins October 24, 1833. He was a 
 quiet, careful man, much respected in the city, 
 was an older in the Presbyterian church, and a 
 firm and devoted friend to every good cause. 
 His devoted wife was a bright and shining 
 light to all about her, and her patient, unselfish 
 life was a great encouragement to many of her 
 sisters in the church and city. Her memorj' 
 is revered and tenderly cherished by those who 
 are left. Three children were born to Thomas 
 Clark and grew to maturity : Helen, who was 
 married to Mr. J. H. Ainsworth and became a 
 resident of Toledo, Ohio. Edward G. Clark 
 left college and responded to the call of his 
 country — was with Sherman in his March to 
 the Sea and participated in many a memorable 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, I<Sl8-l837. 
 
 147 
 
 Struggle. After the war he settled in Chiciigo 
 and is one of the firm of Hibbard & Spencer, 
 extensive hardware merchants. The younger 
 son of Thomas Clark entered the service of his 
 country as a member of the Seventh Eogiment 
 of Michigan Volunteers, Colonel Grosvenor 
 commanding officer. He was not twent3^-one 
 when he enlisted, but was mature in firmness 
 and Christian principles. He was the favorite 
 of his superior officers, and as soon as his age 
 would permit, and a vacancy occurred, he was 
 promoted to a lieutenancy. He was attacked 
 with severe illness in the swamp of the Chick- 
 aliominy,aud suffered much in the retreat from 
 Richmond to Fortress Monroe. He returm-tl 
 iiomc on a furlough after being some time in 
 the hospital. He rejoined his regiment just in 
 time for the terrible march to the field of 
 Antietam, where he laid down his short but 
 eventful and noble life. His father, Thomas 
 Clark, died Augu.st 28, 187!), and his wife died 
 tlie following February at the homo of her 
 daughter, Mrs. Ainswurth, in Toledo. 
 
 Jane Stuart Clark, daughter of Dr. Clark, 
 was born April 18, 1811 ; was married to John 
 Andei'son, jr., when she was fifteen years old. 
 Tiiey moved soon to White Pigeon, where 
 Joim W. Anderson became the first judge of 
 ]irobate of St. Joseph count}-. He altorward 
 returned to Monroe and received the appoint- 
 ment of light-house keeper, which he held four 
 years. He again returned to the city, and died 
 .soon afterward with typhoid fever, leaving 
 eight children: Edwin E. ; Catherine Eliza- 
 beth, who was for some time a teacher among 
 the freodmen, and was married to Mr. Tayre, 
 of South Ijyon, Michigan ; Ijcster T., who lives 
 in Washington Territory; Jane Estell was 
 marled to William Mitchell, of Freeport. John 
 C. Anderson, the third son, entered the service 
 of his country as a member of the Seventh 
 Regiment; he was promoted to a lieutenancj- ; 
 was wounded at Antietam and suffered much 
 for want of care until he could be taken to the 
 hospital, where ho remained six months and 
 left to participate in the battle of Gettysburg; 
 he was made prisoner three days before the 
 surrender; ho returneil home after the war 
 with his constitution broken and gradually de- 
 clined ; was gifted with a fine literary taste and 
 promised to be a useful Clu-istian man. Willie, 
 the fourth son, entered the service as clerk to 
 a captain in the Fifteenth Regiment, but his 
 
 health fiiiled under continued exposure, and 
 he returned home to die of quick consumption. 
 John A., the fourth son of Dr. and Mrs. 
 Clark, was born February 20, 1814. He was a 
 survej-or for sometime and afterward read law 
 and practiced in Illinois. Ho received the ap- 
 pointment of Surveyor-(Toneral of Xew Mexico, 
 and a few years after the same office for T'tah. 
 At tlie expiration of his official tei-m he re- 
 moved to Fort Scott, Kan.sas, where ho was 
 Land Commissioner and interested in the Fort 
 Scott and Gulf Railroad. From (his city he 
 removed to Kansas City, whei'o iieilicd August 
 .'), 1881. 
 
 Di-. and Mrs. Clark's fourth daughter, Ann 
 Eliza, was born February 2, 181G; was married 
 to Mr. Hosmer Kellogg, of White Pigeon, a 
 prosperous merchant from Sheffield, Massa 
 chusetts. She resided in White Pigeon for 
 twenty-five j-ears. Two sons and two daughters 
 came to her home. Five years after the death 
 of Mr. Kellogg his wife removed to Ann Arbor 
 in order to secure better advantages for the 
 education of her two sons. Mrs. Kellogg, 
 owing to her thorough education and earnest 
 Christian character, was very influential as a 
 member of sociot}- in Ann Arbor. With one 
 or two others she originated a Ladies' I^ibrary 
 Association, whicli celebrated its twentieth 
 anniversary April ;>, 1886. Mrs. Keliogg's 
 elder daugliter married Governor Hunt, of 
 Colorado, and her younger daughter was mar- 
 ried to C. T. McClure, of Denver. The sons 
 are settled in Colorado also. Mrs. Kellogg 
 calls Denver her home, though much of her time 
 is spent in the East. For many j-cars she has 
 devoted much time to the study of leaching of 
 the Bible in select classes — also to the interest 
 of foreign missions. Through her instrument- 
 ality a Sunday school was established in a des- 
 titute part of the city and a brick chapel 
 erected, in part as a memorial to her daughter, 
 Mrs. Hunt. 
 
 The twelfth ciiild that came to tlie home of 
 Dr. and Mrs. Clark was Catiierine. She was 
 married to Colonel James Mitchell, who was a 
 successful banker of Freeport, Illinois. 
 
 Charles A. Clark, the child of his parents' old 
 age, was the most brilliant of all the brothers 
 and sisters. At his birth his parents solemnly 
 dedicated him to God for the Christian minis- 
 try. He seemed to pos.sess in an eminent de- 
 gree the" requisite qualifications for the wi>ik. 
 
148 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 but liy overstuily hv lost his heallh wliilo in 
 college, althou!j;h he gi'aduated with high 
 honors and gave the valedictory address. He 
 waited some time in the hope of returning 
 strength, but was disappointed. He read law 
 in his brother's office, was admitted to the bar 
 and entered u])on that profession. He died aged 
 twenty-nine, July, 1854. 
 
 Up to the present date (1888) tiiere have 
 been born to Dr. and Mrs. Clark one hundred 
 and eight descendants, of wiioni si.\ty-si.\ are 
 still living. 
 
 OLIVER JOHNSON, 
 
 One of the early settlers on the Uiver Kaisin, 
 was born in the State of Connecticut, February 
 29, 1784. His ancestry is readilj' traced back 
 to Isaac John.son, wiio was one of the fifty. two 
 original proprietors of Middletown, Connecti- 
 cut Eobert Johnson, the grandfather of Colo- 
 nel Oliver Johnson, died at Harrington, Con- 
 necticut, in 1792. His mother's name was 
 Sarah Blake, of Middletown; she was the 
 motiier of eleven children, one of whom, Samuel 
 Johnson, Esq., by profession a lawyer, resided 
 on the south side of First street, corner of First 
 and Scott streets, the site of the present resi- 
 dence of Louis Freidcnberg, where he died in 
 the year 1836. 
 
 Another brother, Elisha, spent several jears 
 in Europe during the eventful j' ears of the gen- 
 eral war — a gentleman of literarj' tastes, one 
 of the American correspondents of that time 
 who contributed numerous letters to the Spring- 
 field papers. 
 
 Another brother, Royal Johnson, was en- 
 gaged in business as a merchant in Detroit, 
 where he died in 1819, a copartner with Colo- 
 nel Oliver Johnson. 
 
 In the year 1818 Colonel Johnson purchased 
 the lot corner of Front and Washington streets 
 from the original proprietor, Joseph Loranger, 
 erected the first brick residence on the street 
 and occupied it as such until the year 1834, 
 when he erected the residence on the public 
 square east of the court-house, whei-e he re- 
 sided until the time of his death. It is now 
 the residence of his son, Charles G. Jolinson. 
 
 In 1819 he was married to Eliza, the daughter 
 of Henry Disbrovv (sister of Mrs. Thomas G. 
 Cole, who survives her), by the Rev. John Mon- 
 teith, bishop of Michigan so called, being prob- 
 
 ably the first Pi-esbyterian minister of Michi- 
 gan Territory. There were four children born 
 of this marriage, two of whom died in early 
 childhood. Charles G. Johnson still survives, 
 probably one of the very few of his age who 
 are natives of Monroe. The daughter, Eliza- 
 beth Phillips, was married in 1S44 to Talcott 
 E. Wing, Esq., of Monroe; died in the year 
 1857, leaving four children : Talcott Johnson 
 Wing, now a resident of Westfield, Massachu- 
 setts; Charles R. Wing, a lawyer of Monroe ; 
 Austin E. Wing, United States Bank Examiner 
 for the State of Michigan ; Harriet Armitage, 
 who w.as married to James G. Little, a mer- 
 chant of Monroe, deceased, now residing in 
 Monroe, Michigan. 
 
 For many years after Colonel Johnson set- 
 tled on the River Raisin, money was very 
 scarce, and merchandising was carried on by 
 barter and exchange of grain and furs, which 
 were disposed of at Detroit or Buffalo. Colonel 
 John.son was at an early day judge of probate 
 of the county of Monioe, appointed by the 
 governor of the T^rritory, which was the only 
 office ever held by him, though alwaj's promi- 
 nent in politics and an active member of the 
 Whig party. Being a prominent anti-slaver}' 
 man, he was one of the original promoters of 
 the Republican party, which originated in 
 Michigan. Was elected as presidential elector, 
 and voted for General Fremont. About that 
 time great bitterness of feeling was manifested 
 on all sides. Many large business houses and 
 leading newspapers catered more or less to the 
 slavery element. The Presbyterian general 
 assembly passed some resolutions which were 
 so strong in sympathy with slavery that they 
 were reported adversely upon by the synod of 
 Michigan through their committee, one of 
 whom was Colonel Johnson. He was for many 
 years and until his death one of fjie ruling 
 elders of the First Presbj^terian church of Mon- 
 roe. The New York Observer, for which he 
 had subscribed for twenty-four j-ears, was 
 repudiated and declined on account of its pro- 
 slavery sentiments. 
 
 Mrs. Eliza Johnson, nee Disbrow, wife of 
 Oliver Johnson, was born in Dayton, Ohio, and 
 rode from Dayton to the River Raisin on 
 horseback, fording rivers, streams and marshes, 
 arriving at the River Raisin in 1817, and re- 
 sided with her father on the Menard or Stewart 
 farm until her marriage to Colonel Johnson in 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 149 
 
 1819. Slio was an active inoniber of tlie Pres- 
 byterian church from tiie time of its organiza- 
 tion in 1820. Her iiome was the resort and 
 house of entertainment for the ministiy at an 
 early day, when the Rev. John Monteith, Eov. 
 Noaii Wells and Kev. Frontis ministered to 
 this people. Mrs. Johnson survived her hus- 
 band, dying at her house in Monroe, where she 
 had resided for fifty years, aged eighty-seven. 
 
 DANIKL S. BACON 
 
 Was among the earliest emigrants from the 
 State of New York to the Territory ol Michi- 
 gan, and was a resident of Monroe for nearlj^ 
 half a century, lie was born in Onondaga, 
 New York, in 1798. lie began his career in 
 the new couiitr\- as a teacher of a private 
 school ; subsequently he was engaged in devel- 
 oping various farming lands. He was also 
 associated with Levi S. Humphrey in several 
 business projects, and purchased lands in the 
 northern part of the State which eventually 
 showed his wisdom and foresight, as they 
 proved quite valuable. He was at ati early 
 date made a member of the legislative council 
 of the Territory , and soon afterwards appointed 
 associate judge. He served as judge of pro- 
 bate for the county of Monroe for three terms, 
 and held a number of other local positions in 
 which he acquitted himself with ability. He 
 was an elder in the Presbyterian church. His 
 dignified bearing, pure and unaffected char- 
 acter, commended him to the esteem of all who 
 knew him. He died in Monroe, May, 18G6, 
 leaving one daughter, the widow of General 
 George A. Custer. 
 
 PETER BENSON 
 
 Came to Aloriroo in the employ of Musgrove 
 Evans, a (Quaker, who was in 1S24 engaged 
 in surveying in the northern part of New 
 Yiirk. It appears that Austin E. Wing visited 
 Watertown, New York, in that year, and rep- 
 resented Michigan as tlie garden of the world, 
 contradicting the statements we fiml in the old 
 Morse history then generally used in schools, 
 which represented the Territory as " good for 
 nothing; that government agents pronounced 
 it a swamp; that one hundred acres could 
 
 be found in ilu' Territory worth cuilivatiiig." 
 Musgrove Evans and wife, Peter Benson and 
 wife, Mr. Blood, Joseph W. Brown and Mr. 
 Stetson were induced to emigrate from Jeffer- 
 son county; arrived after a tedious journey of 
 a month, at Detroit, from thence to Monroe in 
 a small sail vessel, requiring four daj's to travel 
 tlic distance that is now accomplished in one 
 hour and twelve minutes. On the 2d of June, 
 after remaining in Monroe four davs, the party 
 purchased two yoke of oxen and journej'ed on 
 to the site of the present village of Tec\imsch, 
 camping out at the Macon tlie first night — the 
 land having previously been entered by Austin 
 E. Wing, b}- whom it was platted and laid out. 
 He also purchased the adjoining eighty-acre 
 tract; Evans and Brown chopped the logs for 
 a house, sent fifteen and twenty miles for 
 neighbors to help roll them up. and split u|)tho 
 shakes to cover it. 
 
 The hardships and privations thej- were com- 
 pelled to endure, the difficulties they had to 
 encounter, can only be understood by those of 
 exfierience in pioneer life — without mills, with- 
 out boards, even the roughest, to cover and 
 protect from storms. The next j'car (1825), 
 by obtaining help from Monroe, thirty miles 
 distant, raised a saw and grist-mill, obtaining 
 the stone on the opening near for the grist- 
 mill. The following year the dam was carried 
 off by a freshet, and with the endorsement of 
 Mr. Wing and Shubal Conant, obtained the 
 pecuniary aid they needed to rebuild. 
 
 Peter Benson, alter remaining with the party 
 at Tecumseh a few years, returned to Monroe, 
 purchased and settled upon the farm on the 
 north side of the River Raisin known as the 
 Gabriel Godfroy tract. Mr. Benson was the 
 agent in northern Michigan of a railroad com- 
 pany in 1887 at the time of his death. 
 
 His sister married Medard Couture, one of 
 the pioneers, and after his death married James 
 Knaggs, to whom great prominence was given 
 in the War of 1812, as a successful Indian 
 fighter and spy. 
 
 As the ])ioneers of Tecumseh obtained in 
 early days all of their goods and supplies from 
 Monroe, the attachment between the citizens 
 became verj* strong ; and until tiie year 1845, 
 when the railroads were completed, the inter- 
 change of social visits was of very frequent 
 occurrence. 
 
150 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 HARRY CONANT 
 Was born April 19, 1790, in Mansfield, Connec- 
 ticut. He was a lineal descendant of the first 
 colonial governor of Ma.ssachusetts, Roo;er 
 Conant, who emigrated from England in 1591. 
 When Dr. Conant was eleven years old he 
 moved with his father to Middlebui'\-, Vermont, 
 whore he graduated. He studied medicine for 
 a time with a noted physician. Dr. Tudor, 
 practicing in that city, and afterwards went to 
 Pittsficld, Massachusetts, where he continued 
 his medical studies. In 1816 ho passed a suc- 
 cessful e.Kamination before the "State Medical 
 Censors," and became a member of the Ver- 
 mont Medical Society. 
 
 Dr. Conant selected Montreal, Canada, as the 
 field of his future labors, but owing to the in- 
 fluence of his brothers, Shubal Conant, of De- 
 troit, and Dr. Horatio, in Maumee, Ohio, he 
 remained but a short time in Canada. He 
 invested his means in the lumber business in 
 Western Pennsylvania. The venture not prov- 
 ing as satisfactory as he was led to e.\'peet, he 
 disposed of his interest in lumber and in 182(1 
 settled in Monroe, where lie resumed the prac- 
 tice of his profession in partnership with Dr. 
 Luther Parker, who had been establislie 1 in the 
 Territory for some j'ears. 
 
 Dr. Conant soon became a prominent man 
 in the community, and widely known in the 
 young Territory. General Cass in 1824 ap- 
 pointed him commissioner to locate a turnpike 
 from Detroit to Pontiac and Paint Creek in 
 Oakland county. The same year General 
 Cass appointed him sheriff of Monroe county. 
 Two years later, when Cass was making 
 treaties with the numerous tribes of Indians in 
 the Northwest, he made Dr. Conant the at- 
 tending physician of his command, and he 
 witnessed the signing of a treaty on the banks 
 of the Wabash in Indiana. Governor Wood- 
 bridge in 1826 appointed him surgeon of the 
 Second Regiment of the territorial militia. 
 
 In all that tended to the advancement and 
 material interests of the new countrv, he was 
 ever foremost with his influence and mone\'. 
 Dr. Conant at his own expense provided build- 
 ings for that branch of the Michigan University 
 located in Monroe, and provided the residence 
 for the principal, Rev. Mr. Center, who came 
 from Albany, New York, to fill the position. 
 He with Mr. Charles Noble and Colonel Oliver 
 Johnson founded the first young ladies' semi- 
 
 nary, known as Miss McQueen's school, and 
 presided over by an accomplished and brilliant 
 corps of teachers, who are still well and affec- 
 tionately remembered bj- many prominent 
 ladies in this cit^-. In 1850 Rev. B. J. Boyd 
 was called to the position of principal of a semi- 
 nary founded upon a much larger scale. Dr. 
 Conant became a trustee and a ijenerous sup- 
 porter of this seminary, whicli flourished for 
 over a quarter of a century, and was of ines- 
 timable value to many a young woman, who 
 otherwise could not have enjoyed the privileges 
 of so broad a culture and of such varied ac- 
 complishments as The Young Ladies' Seminary 
 furnished. 
 
 The first Whig |)a])er, known as the Monroe 
 Gazette, was established in 1846 by Dr. Conant 
 and the Hon. T. G. Cole. Charles Lanman, 
 now of Washington, was the editor for a few 
 months. 
 
 When the (i-ibralter and Plat Rock enter- 
 ])rise promised a brilliant future. Dr. Conant 
 was made treasurer of the company, and by his 
 energy and capital endeavored to make it a 
 success. 
 
 It was in his profession which he loved and 
 honored that he was best apjireciated, and not 
 until the Great Book is opened shall we know 
 how often his helping hand was extended to 
 the poor, the suffering and the sorrowing. 
 
 Dr. Conant united with the Presbyterian 
 church in 1832, and was elected to the elder- 
 ship the same 3'ear. His broad views and 
 liberal spirit did much for the prosperity of 
 the church, which he recommended by his daily 
 living. The older citizens will never forget his 
 sterling integrity. His benevolence without 
 ostentation, his rare judgment of men, his un- 
 blemished i-eputation, deserve the title given 
 him in the words of a former biographer, "He 
 was a Christian gentleman," which the writer 
 from a personal acquaintance heartily endorses. 
 
 He died at his residence in the city of Mon- 
 roe September 2, 1851. Dr. Harry Conantwas 
 married June 4, 1821, to Miss Maria Stewart, 
 of Vermont, who still survives him, residing at 
 the old homestead, growing old gracefully, 
 cordial, cheerful and happy in the attentions 
 and affections of her surviving children, feel- 
 ing a lively interest in the current events of 
 the day at home and abroad, appreciated by a 
 large circle of friends for her charity, liberality, 
 influence and interest in all efforts which for 
 

^liui^^ JlrZ^^^^ 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 Inl 
 
 theii-iiim liavc the prosperity of our Fiedeoiner' 
 kiiiijdoni. 
 
 AUSTIN K. WING, 
 
 Sou of Enocli iiiui Mary (Oliver) Wins;;, was 
 born at Conway, Massacluisetts, February 3, 
 17V»2. When a lad he aecompanied his lather 
 to Marietta, Ohio, where the latter engaged in 
 mcrehandising and farming, and erected flour- 
 ing and saw-mills on the banUs of the Mus- 
 kingum about three miles above the mouth of 
 the river. Austin attended tiie academy at 
 (Jhillieothe, and com])leted his preparation 
 for college at Athens College, Ohio. He entered 
 Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1810, and 
 graduated with honor in 1814. Immediately 
 after ho graduated he married Harriet, the 
 daughter of Deacon Benjamin Skinner, of 
 Williamstown, Massachusetts; returned to Ma- 
 rietta and entered the law office of Governor 
 William Woodbridge, one of the most promi- 
 nent and influential lawyers of Ohio. 
 
 October 13, 1813, General Lewis Cass was 
 appointed Governor of the Territory of Michi- 
 gan, and continued Governor until August 1, 
 1831, when he resigned and became a member 
 of General Jackson's cabinet. Governor Wood- 
 bridge and Governor Cass were both interested 
 in young Wing; advised him to accompan^^ 
 them to Michigan Territory, and were strong 
 personal friends the remainder of their lives. 
 By giving his note he obtained a horse, saddle, 
 bridle and saddle-bags, and on horseback ac- 
 companied them to Detroit and cntei-ed again 
 the law office of Governor Woodbridge. Was 
 slieriff of the Territory for a number of 3'ears, 
 when his jurisdiction extended over the States 
 of Wisconsin, Illinois and Michigan; rcsideil 
 ou Bates street ; built the red warehouse and 
 dock at the foot of the street, which arc now 
 I'l'presented on the old maps of Detroit drawn 
 ill 1S20. 
 
 lie represented the Territory in Congress 
 tVom 1825 tu 1829, successor of Kev. Gabriel 
 Richard, and again from 1831 to 1833; was 
 appointed and served for one term as United 
 States mar.i(hal for the Southern District of 
 Michigan; was. for two terms regent of the 
 Michigan Universit}' ; represented Monroe 
 county in the legislature of 1842; was one of 
 the early members of the first Presbyterian 
 church of Detroit. He died at the Water-cure 
 
 Sanitarium at Cleveland, August 25, 1849. 
 Had one sou and two daughters that attained 
 their majority: Talcott E. Wing, attorney and 
 counselor, at Monroe ; Eliza, who married 
 Moses H. Whittier, merchant, of Monroe; and 
 Harriet, who married Charles T. .Mitchell, 
 banker, of Hillsdale, Michigan. 
 
 In the language of one of the leading citi- 
 zens of Detroit: " Austin E. Wing was a gen- 
 tleman of more than ordinarj' gifts and accom- 
 plishments, and became prominent in public 
 and pi-ivate life. Of great personal attractions, 
 the social clement was prominent in him, and 
 his wit bi'oadened into a proverbial humor that 
 made him sought by all who loved the bright 
 side of life. Far from being a raconteur of the 
 day's gossip, or the idle dispen.ser of other 
 ])eople's jokes, he was a man of activity and 
 energy, who won the high positions he reached 
 by the judicious use of the sterling ([ualities 
 which made him a whole man. His tone was 
 high. If his humor was broad and surprised 
 you into suddcu laughter, its pleasure was al- 
 together healthful. He was equal to all the re- 
 quirements of the confidence reposed in him." 
 
 He built and occupied during his residence 
 in Monroe, the stately mansion on the north 
 side of the River Raisin, now occupied by \¥il- 
 liam Hall, Esq. 
 
 CHARLES NOBLK, 
 
 Son of Deodatus Noble, was born in Williams- 
 town, Massachusetts, July 4, 1797; died in 
 Detroit, Michigan, December 26, 1874, aged 
 seventy-seven. He graduated at Williams Col- 
 lege in 1815, and read law in Williamstown 
 with his uncle, Hon. Daniel Noble. He lelt for 
 the West in 1818, and after a short residence in 
 Cleveland, Ohio, removed in 1820, to French- 
 town, now Monroe, Michigan. That place con- 
 tinued to be his residence, except from 1849 to 
 1853, as surveyor-general of the district em- 
 bracing Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, and from 
 1807 to 1874, in Detroit. He held many pub- 
 lic offices in Monroe county, viz., register of 
 deeds, district attorney", postmaster, Indian 
 agent, member of the general assembly, mem- 
 ber of the legislative council from 1828 to 1829, 
 president judge of the county- court from 1846 
 to 1850, surveyor-general fi-om 1849 to 1853. 
 Mr. Noble was a man of deep convictions 
 
152 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and decided o])iiiions in all religious mattei's. 
 In the year 1831 he first connected himself 
 with the First Presbyterian church, and for a 
 number of years was a ruling elder therein. 
 Short!}- after removing to Detroit, lie became a 
 ruling elder in the First Presbyterian cliui-ch 
 there, and so remained until his death. 
 
 He married May 16, 1828, Eliza Sims 
 Wing, who was born in Marietta, Ohio, May 2, 
 1802, daughter of Enoch and Mary (Oliver) 
 Wing, of Marietta, Ohio, and Phelps, New 
 York. Children all born in Monroe, Michigan. 
 Elizabetii Abby Noble, born July 15, 182G ; 
 married Eev. Hannibal L. Stanley. Charles 
 Wing Noble, born February 13, 1828 ; married 
 J. P. M)gatt first, C. G. Van Bui-en second, P. 
 Martine third. Ellen Electa Noble, born Au- 
 gust 7, 1832; married George S. Frost, of De- 
 troit. Judge Conway Whittier Noble, born 
 October 7, 1842, is a successful lawj'er of Cleve- 
 hind, Ohio, and present Judge of the Court of 
 Appeals of Cuyahoga county. 
 
 THOMAS G. COLK 
 
 Was born in Canandaigua, New York. His 
 father, Luther Cole, emigrated from Massa- 
 chusetts in 1785. He carried the first mail on 
 horseback, in a leather pouch strapped around 
 hira, tbrougl) the Indian country to Utica; but 
 was never molested, as the Indians respected 
 and admired his courage and honesty, and were 
 wont to consult him on matters of interest to 
 the Six Nations. Kod Jacket was a devoted 
 friend, as well as other chiefs. Luther Cole 
 was also engaged in surveying the " Holland 
 Purchase." He was a merchant for a number 
 of years in Canandaigua, where his children 
 were born and educated. He valued an edu- 
 cation above all things, as the following extract 
 from one of his letters, dated February 24, 1817, 
 to his son, Harry T. Cole, attests : 
 
 "I need not again remind you that it is 
 altogether on account of the expense I do not 
 consent for you to come home at each vacation. 
 You say it is very unpleasant to stay in that 
 'Dutch Hole' [Union College]. I know it, my 
 dear child, we all have to encounter many un- 
 jjleasant things in the course of our lives. I 
 did not send j-ou to college tor pleasure. You 
 did not go there for ■pleasure, you went for an 
 education, and it requires all my efforts and 
 economy to keep you there until your educa- 
 
 tion is obtained ; besides once a year is often 
 enough to come home, considering the dis- 
 tance." 
 
 Thus he early impressed upon his children 
 the necessitj- of improving their opportunities, 
 as well as a self-respecting economy. His 
 children were all remarkable for the purity of 
 their language and general intelligence. Those 
 identified with Michigan were the Honorable 
 Harry S. Cole, of Detroit, who was Attorney- 
 General of the Territoiy of Michigan, and dis- 
 tinguished as a law^^er ; James Cole surveyed 
 some of the first lands in the State, and wrote 
 a very readable account of his travels; Joseph 
 C. Cole, the younger brother, was also a fine 
 writer, and at various times interested with his 
 brother Thomas G. Cole in business; one 
 daughter, Mrs. Harriet Cole Fifield, was long a 
 resident of Monroe, and was noted for her 
 lu'illiant wit and kind and generous heart. 
 
 The subject of this sketch, Thomas G Cole, 
 was a pupil of the celebrated Canandaigua 
 Academy. He came with some of his com- 
 panions to Monroe in 1825, where he engaged 
 in the mercantile business and various agricul- 
 tural pursuits, as well as mills. He proved a 
 very public-spirited citizen to tlie growing set- 
 tlement, and was ever foremost in improving 
 the material interests of the town. It was 
 often said of him, "To insure success in any 
 public enterprise, it wasonly neeessarj- Thomas 
 G. Cole should advocate or lead." He was 
 identified with the city canal, the first large 
 brick hotel, the erection of the first brick block. 
 
 After leaving the mercantile business, he 
 was largely interested in railroads. Mr. Cole 
 and the late Walter P. Clark were the contract- 
 tors for constructing the road between Monroe 
 and Hillsdale, of which when finished he was 
 appointed superintendent. He was next inter- 
 ested in obtaining the right of way for a rail- 
 road from Monroe to Toledo, which right when 
 secured was sold to the Michigan Southern and 
 Northern Indiana Eailroad Company. Mr. Cole 
 obtained the contract for the construction of the 
 road, and completed the work in one year. It 
 was then pronounced one of the best built roaiis 
 in the State. 
 
 During the latter years of his life he devoted 
 his time to a largo and beautiful farm on the 
 north side of the river, fronting on Noble 
 Avenue; from that point it stretched north 
 about a mile. He was interested in some of 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 153 
 
 the finest breeds of horses ever brou<rht to the 
 county, iuui in the raising of mules, the sale 
 of which proved valuable to his estate at the 
 outbreak of the war. 
 
 Mr. ('ole married Miss Mary E. Disbrow, a 
 beautiful and accomplished young lady of Mon- 
 roe, who has long |)rcsided over his home, und 
 ever been foremost in promoting every good 
 cause. 
 
 Mr. Tiiomas G. Colo was noted for many 
 sterling qualities. His integrity, energy, honor 
 and benevolence wei-e conspicuous throughout 
 hia useful life. He was a firm believer in 
 Christianity, and when in health a constant 
 attendant upon divine services. 
 
 He died in Detroit (where he was under 
 medical treatment), July 25, 18G2. Many of 
 the citizens of Monroe repaired to Detroit to 
 return with his remains to Monroe, the railroad 
 company of which he had long been a director 
 sending a special train. He left a wife and 
 seven children. The eldest is Mrs. James A. 
 Eaynor, of New York. The oldest son, James 
 Luther Cole, was born August 25, 18:50; died 
 April 25, 1880. The second daughter is Mrs. 
 George Armitage, of Monroe. The second son 
 is Henry T. Cole, of Monroe Harriet F. Cole 
 married Mr. Frank Tryon, of New York, July 
 25, 1805. The youngest daughter, Mary Dis- 
 brow Cole, was married to Mr. John Bulkley, 
 of Monroe, June 22, 18G5. Daniel T. Cole was 
 born January- 19, 1837, and is now a resident 
 of Monroe. 
 
 EXTR.\CT FROM THE ARCHIVES OF THE 
 FIRST STATE PIONEER SOCIETY. 
 
 MONROE COUNTY MEETING. 
 
 August 4, 1823, at a respectable meeting of 
 the citizens of the county of Monroe for the 
 purpose of selecting a suitable person to repre- 
 sent the Territory in the next Congress of the 
 United States, Oliver Johnson, Esq., was called 
 to the chair, and Harry Conant appointed sec- 
 retary. 
 
 It was then 
 
 Resolved, That this meeting do now j^roceed 
 to select a suitable person to represent us as 
 delegate in the next Congress. 
 
 Whereupon Austin E. Wing, Esq., being 
 selected, it was 
 
 Resolved unanimously, That we will support 
 Austin E. Wing at the ensuing election, as our 
 
 delegate to Congress, and that we will use all 
 fair and honorable means to promote his elec- 
 tion. 
 
 It was then 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of twelve bo ap- 
 pointed to assist in carrying into ell'ect the pre- 
 ceding resolution, and that Benjamin Davis, 
 Luther Smith, Alcott C. Chapman, John Hobb, 
 ■lohn Wendell, (ieorge Giles, Thomas Wilson, 
 William Gale, Lewis Wells, David M. Jacobs, 
 William Brown and Benjamin F. Stickney, 
 constitute said committee. 
 
 It was then unanimously' 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings of this meet- 
 ing be signed bj' the chairman and secretary, 
 and published in the Detroit Gazette. 
 
 Oliver Johnson, Chairman. 
 
 Harry Conant, Secretary. 
 
 DETKOIT MKRTING. 
 
 At a numerous meeting of the citizensof the 
 city of Detroit friendly to the election of Austin 
 K. Wing, Esq., at the house of Alexander 
 Campbell, on the 18th day of August, 1823, 
 pursuant to notice, John Hunt was called to the 
 chair, and B. F. H. Witherell appointed secre- 
 tary. 
 
 On motion it was 
 
 Resolved unaniynously , That we have the 
 most perfect confidence in the talents, integ- 
 rity and independence of. Austin K. Wing, 
 Esq., and that he be recommended to our 
 fellow-citizens as a suitable per.son to represent 
 this Territory as a delegate in the next Con- 
 gress of the United States. 
 
 Resolved, That the chairman and secretary 
 be appointed to draft an address, recommend- 
 ing Mr. Wing as a candidate for the office of 
 delegate, to the electors of this Territory. 
 
 Resolved, That the proceedings of this meet- 
 ing l>e signed by the chairman and .secretary, 
 and published in the Detroit Gazette. 
 
 Resolved, That this meeting do now adjourn 
 to Thursday evening next. 
 
 John Hunt, Chairman. 
 
 B. F. II. WiTiiKRKLL, Secretary. 
 
 Friknds and Fellow Citizkns: In offering 
 to you the name of Austin E. Wing, Esq., as a 
 candidate for the office of delegate from our 
 Territory to the next Congress, we do not be- 
 lieve that his claims will be best e.siabli.shed by 
 assailing the feelintrs or characters of opposing 
 
154 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROK COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 candidates or their friends. Let others claim 
 for their candidates the exclu.sive talents, in- 
 tegrity, wealth, influence, or the entire credit 
 of originating the change in the form of gov- 
 ernment. We will not. But we will saj' that 
 for talents, independence and intrepiditj^ of 
 thought and action, Austin E. Wing, Esq., is 
 not surpassed by any candidate before trlie pub- 
 lic. Ho is not the incumbent of any lucrative 
 office under the Government of the United 
 States ; he has not a large fortune or powerful 
 relatives at Washington. But his friends may 
 fearlessly assert that he has ever been the 
 friend and invariable supporter of his coun- 
 try's rights, and her republican institutions. 
 Uniformly accessible to all classes of his fellow- 
 citizens, his success will depend on their .spon- 
 taneous and unbiased opinions, and not on the 
 exertions or influence of the distribution of 
 promises and favor. 
 
 Mr. Wing was in Detroit zealously engaged 
 with many friends to effect a change in the 
 form of government, and the correction of ex- 
 isting abuses, before the individual for whom 
 the exclusive credit is claimed had ever 
 seen our Territory. From that period to the 
 present, he has filled offices of trust and im- 
 portance under the Territorial and United 
 States Government, with intelligence, fidelity 
 and firmness. 
 
 To all public improvements and institutions 
 he has contributed not unfrequentl^' be3'ond 
 his means. To explore our Territory and point 
 the stranger and emigrant to its advantages, 
 he has given his time and impaired his health. 
 Educated at one of the most respectable liter- 
 ary institutions of our country, he graduated 
 with honorable distinction. With the prin- 
 ciples and policy of our Government he is 
 thoroughly acquainted. He has been long a 
 resident of the Territory and personally ac- 
 quainted with the wants and wishes of our 
 fellow-citizens; their just claims hitherto neg- 
 lected by the Government will find in him a 
 warm and able supporter. For this man we 
 solicit your support. His virtues and talents 
 will never discredit the high estimate his 
 friends have formed of them. By the annexed 
 nominations you will discover the sentiments 
 of a large portion of the American and a por- 
 tion of tiie French population. 
 
 John Hunt, Chairman. 
 
 B. F. H. WiTHERELL, Secretary. 
 
 VOICE OF THE FRENCH CITIZENS OF THE COUNTY OP 
 MONROE. 
 
 At a large and respectable meeting of the 
 inhabitants of Fronchtown, in the county of 
 Monroe, holden at the house of Francois Las- 
 selle, Esq., on the 27th day of June, A. D. 1831, 
 John B't. Cicotte, Esq., was called to the chair, 
 and Francois Lasselle and John B't. Besseau, 
 Esqrs., were appointed secretaries. 
 
 The object of the meeting iiaviiig been stated 
 by the chairman, James J. Godfroy, Esq., Felix 
 Mettez, Francoiu Mouton, and Hyacintli Beau- 
 regard, were appointed a committee for the pur- 
 pose of drafting resolutions and an address to 
 the electors on the subject of the ensuing elec- 
 tion. 
 
 The committee retired and after a short time 
 returned and reported to the meeting the fol- 
 lowing resolutions, with the address, which 
 were adopted by the meeting without a dissent- 
 ing voice : 
 
 Resolved nnanimoudy, That this meetiiii^ do 
 approve of the doings of the Republican con- 
 vention holden at Detroit on the 4th of March 
 last, at which convention Austin E. Wing was 
 nominated as a candidate for delegate. 
 
 Resolved, That we will by all fair and honor- 
 able means endeavor to secure the election of 
 Austin E. Wing, long known to us as a tal- 
 ented, industrious and honorable citizen, whose 
 interest is identified with our country, and 
 wliose best eff"orts we have every reason 
 for believing will be exerted in favor of the 
 Territory generally, frej from sectional preju- 
 dices. 
 
 Resolved, That from a long acquaintance 
 with the jjrivate and public character of Mr. 
 W^ing, we are well assured of his integrity, pa- 
 triotism and love of country ; and we want no 
 better evidences of these facts, than the ser- 
 vices he has heretofore, in the cajjacity of dele- 
 gate, rendered our citizens and our Territory. 
 
 Resolved, That we look upon Mr. Wing as a 
 genuineUepublican, educated in the Jeffersonian 
 school, belonging to the party consisting of the 
 people, and who have the interest of the people 
 at heart; and we look upon any attempts to 
 deprive him of his hard earned and invaluable 
 reputation, as a direct insult upon the jjeople 
 themselves, the dernier ressort of unprincipled 
 and desperate pioliticians. 
 
 Resolved, That in our endeavors to promote 
 the election of Mr. Wing, we shall be content 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 155 
 
 to rely upon his own meiits, upon his knowl- 
 edge of our country, and the intelligence of 
 our French brethren ; tliat we will not exact 
 written pledges in support of Mr. Wing; 
 and tiiat tlie friends of General Williams in 
 attempting to obtain written pledges to his sup- 
 port, and in appointing gentlemen on commit- 
 tees without their knowledge, and against their 
 known wishes, have endeavored to degrade the 
 character of Frenchmen, a character which we 
 are proud to own, and determined to maintain. 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of vigilance, con- 
 sisting of ten from this township, be appointed, 
 and that Hyacinlhe Bougard, .Tosepli Bosome, 
 Feli.x Mettez, James J. Godfroy, John B't. 
 Besseau, John B't. Cicotte, Francois Lasselle, 
 Touissant Soleau, Washington Bond, and Ale-xis 
 Labadie, be that committee. 
 
 Ji'e-folved, That the preceedings of the meet- 
 ing bo signed by the chairman and secretaries, 
 and bo published in the Detroit Journal, and 
 in handbills in the French and English lan- 
 guages. 
 
 J. B't. Cicotte, Chairman. 
 
 Jean B't. Besseau, / „ 
 
 Francois Lasselle, [ 
 
 Secretaries. 
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 (Without Date.) 
 
 Fellow-Citizens: By the above proceed- 
 ing you will preceive that we have nominated 
 as a candidate for delegate at the ensuing elec- 
 tion, Austin E. Wing, a man known personally 
 to most of you who are now residents of this 
 district. His character needs no eulogy from 
 us; his talents, acquirements and business 
 habits, his long residence in our countr}', and 
 the fact of his interest beingidentified with the 
 interest of the countj-y, render him eminently 
 calculated to promote your interests and the 
 interests of the Territory generallj'. His ac- 
 quaintance, too, with the officers at Washing- 
 ton city, his knowledge of business there, his 
 acquaintance with the officers of the different 
 departments, with the members of both houses 
 of Congress, and his experience in legislative 
 proceedings, render him peculiarly well fitted 
 for the office of delegate. 
 
 To you, or to our fellow-citizens generallj^, 
 it would be unnecessary and worse than use- 
 less to attempt any vindication of the charac- 
 ter of Mr. Wing. The infamous stories that 
 have been set afloat in the Free Press, and 
 
 otherwise circulated by the propagators of 
 them to destroy his election, we consider of too 
 infamous a character, and the publishers of 
 them too well known to you as uni)rinci])led 
 demagogues and office seekers, to require from 
 us even a passing remark ; suffice it to say, 
 therefore, that they have not the semblance of 
 truth, and have the mark of falsehood stamped 
 n|)on their front. 
 
 Who are they, fellow-citizens, who are ac- 
 tivel3' engaged against Mr. Wing'? We ask 
 you to look about you and see who are in their 
 front ranks. Are they not office holders and 
 office seekers'? Have they anything to lose in 
 the matter'? Are they not actuated by hopes 
 of gain'? Are their interests identified witli 
 your own'? Fellow-citizens, wo ask of you to 
 pause and reflect. Are they not interlopers 
 upon us, j)ensioned agents of a party? Who 
 are the opposing candidates'? Is not one a 
 vestige of the Hartford convention, a branch 
 of one of the most aristoci-atic families in Mas- 
 sachusetts, a trumpeter of his own democracy, 
 a political demagogue'? When have we ever 
 heard any good as coming from him '? Where are 
 the public services, what are the claims which 
 Samuel Dexter can urge upon us for our suf- 
 frages'? Let him answer who can. And who is 
 tToneral John R. Williams, whose name lias lately 
 been spread in lai-ge ca])itals before the people of 
 this Territorj-'? We ask you, fellow-citizens, 
 who is he that he should obtain your votes'? Is 
 he not the same brave general who abandoned 
 his fireside, his friends, and you, fellow-citizens, 
 during the late war to get clear of the dangers 
 and trials of that war"? When the tomahawk 
 and scalping knife were playing about your 
 wives and children during the last war, was 
 General Williams there to throw over you his 
 protecting shield? When the British and In- 
 dians were throwing firebrands into your 
 houses and barns and leaving desolation and 
 death in their progress through our country, 
 was General Williams there to assist you in 
 warding off the blow '? In these times that tried 
 meti's souls, where was the mighty man, this 
 hero who has filled the measure of his country's 
 glory, this man who spoke hisown mighty deeds 
 in a handbill a few years since setting forth his 
 own <[ualifications'? Why, fellow-citizens, you 
 cannot have forgotten his passage through 
 Canada, and that he finally fixed him.self safely 
 and away from the dangers of war and the 
 
156 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 difficulties that .suiToinided you, in the city of 
 Albauy, where he couUi remain quite free from 
 iiny danger, and when through the instrument- 
 ality of friends he received the appointment of 
 captain of a company of militia, and was called 
 u^jon to lead this comi^any to New York, to 
 assist in the defense of our sea-board, where 
 was General Williams then ? Whj-, indisposed ; 
 yes, fellow-citizens, indisposed, and his lieuten- 
 ant bravely led on the company to the defense. 
 
 Who was it that in 1814 vilified and derided 
 your reverend prolate, Gabriel Richard, and 
 sowed the seeds of discord in your church, and 
 published a handbill in French and Eng- 
 lish, containing the vilest of slanders'? We 
 ask you, was it not the same General Williams? 
 
 Fellou-citizens, we will not longer weary 
 you by the recital of the facts respecting these 
 men, that would make a patriot blush. These 
 are the men that are held uj) before you as 
 Republicans, who have rendered services to the 
 country, and are, therefore, entitled to your 
 support and favors. Is it so? We anticipate 
 your answer. To the polls then, fellow-citizens, 
 and show by your votes for Austin E. Wing, 
 the people's candidate, that you are Republi- 
 cans in deed and in fact. That you love your 
 country and your country's Iriends, and that 
 you are governed by nobler principles than 
 the shackles of party could j)rescribe. Give 
 your votes to that man who will serve you 
 best; and if you do, we are satisfied they will 
 be given for Austin E. Wing. 
 
 Similar meeting were held in Oakland county, 
 Hamtramck, River Rouge. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS. 
 
 Detroit, July 31, 1824. 
 Gentlemen: The annuities payable by law 
 to the Pottawatomie Indians amount to ten 
 thousand seven hundred dollars. Of tliis sum 
 six thousand five hundred dollars have been 
 sent to Chicago, and the residue, being four • 
 thousand two hundred dollars, is committed to 
 your charge to be transported to the River 
 Raisin. Seventeen hundred dollars of this 
 amount are destined for the Wabash and Elk- 
 hart Pottawatomies and will be paid at Port 
 Wayne. You will please delivfer it to Messrs. 
 R. A. and T. Forsyth, who will be at Monroe 
 on VV'ednesday or Thursday next, and who will 
 transport it to Fort Wayne, to be distributed 
 
 by the agent there. You will take a receipt 
 for the money there paid. The remainder of 
 the annuity, being two thousand five hundred 
 dollars, }-ou will distribute equally among the 
 Pottawatomies at Monroe. You will first, from 
 the best information you can procure, make an 
 estimate of the numbers at the different villages 
 and bands who will jjrobably attend for the 
 purpose of receiving a share of the money. As 
 these bands arrive you will collect all the indi- 
 viduals together, and divide among them 
 equally and fairly the amount allotted to the 
 band. The payments will be made by one of 
 you and to no other person but an Indian. 
 The only distinction you will make in the divis- 
 ion will be in favor of a few of the old and in- 
 fluential chiefs. To tliese you may allow a 
 larger sum, not, however, exceeding forty or 
 fifty dollars. 
 
 I am desirous that the Indians should re- 
 main as little time as possible at the River 
 Raisin. You will therefore use j-our exertions 
 to pay them, and persuade them to return as 
 soon as you can. 
 
 Some claims against the Pottawatomies will 
 be herewith handed you, and should there 
 be any others tendered 3'ou, you will re- 
 ceive and examine them. If you are satisfied 
 of their justice you will make a demand upon 
 the Indians for the amount and endeavor to 
 persuade them to pay it. Whatever you may 
 • receive you will pay to the part#H interested. 
 And you will I'eport to me as well those claims 
 which are allowed and paid, as those which are 
 rejected. You will take regular receipts for all 
 your jjaymouts. 
 
 The annuities due to the Ottawa Indians 
 amount to five thousand three hundred dollars. 
 Of this sum three thousand six hundred dollars 
 are ])ayable and have been paid at the Miami 
 b}- Mr. Stickney. Six hundred and fifty dollars 
 of the residue have been paid here to the band 
 of Cocoche or the negroes. The remainder, 
 amounting to one thousand and fifty dollars, 
 you will pay to the Kekalimazoo and Washte- 
 naw Ottawas. You will jjursue the same pro- 
 cess both in apportionment and in all other 
 respects as I have before provided for the pay- 
 ment of the Pottawatomies. I enclose a state- 
 ment of Mr. Stickney respecting a claim against 
 the Washtenaw Ottawas, which you will ex- 
 amine and decide. 
 
 The Ottawa chief, Keewaakwishkum, has 
 
/: 
 
 rl^ ^i 
 
 ^Z^<^z^ 
 
 T^^'C'^ \/ //.\J o(^€iZ<y 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 been a faithful frioiiii oftlie United States, and 
 through his exertions prineipally the Ottawa 
 cession at the treaty of Chicago was made. I 
 wish lio ma}- be jjarticularl}- remembered. 
 
 Vour compensation will be two dollars per 
 day, and the expenses of the two gentlemen 
 who leave here upon the business will be borne 
 liy the United States. 
 
 Very respectfully, gentlemen, 
 I am, your ob'l serv't , 
 
 .Iamks Connkr, Lew Cass. 
 
 HnENEZER Reed, 
 
 (Iaiuuet, Godfroy, 
 
 Charles Noiu.e, 
 
 Ksquircs. 
 
 HARVEY STONE 
 
 Was l)orn in Onondaga county, near Syracuse, 
 February 19, 1815. At the age of seven j-ears 
 he. with his fatlier and mother, their little 
 f:imily, and several relatives, emigrated to 
 Monroe, Michigan, making nearly the entire 
 tlistance with ox teams. They found but few 
 white settlers among the mixed French and 
 Indians at that place, and Mr. Stone was about 
 the last of those earl}- j)ioneers, the others 
 having dropped by the wayside as the years 
 ]iasscd on. He saw the town grow from an 
 Indian trading post to the present beautiful 
 little city of which every Monroeitc is so justly 
 proud, and was always pleased to tell of the 
 changes which he had seen take place. He 
 lived on the farm which his father settled for 
 sixty-two years, selling it in 1884, and i-e- 
 moving his family to the city. He was gentle 
 and unassuming in his manners, of a retiring 
 disjiosition, but thoroughly beloved by all who 
 knew him. One I'arcly meets with sucli an u]>- 
 right character as was his, or one in whom 
 everybody so completely trusted. His kindly 
 ilis|iosition was best known in his own home, 
 where he was revered and loved. He, with his 
 wife, removed to Tjas Vegas in the I'all, to visit 
 their children, who had all settled in that 
 lily. He had been in good health until Aj)ril, 
 I ~^"^, when nervous prostration or general de- 
 bility laid hold upon him, terminating in his 
 death. All that human skill could devise or 
 l"viiig kindness suggest was done to keep the 
 'Itar father, but it was not to be. Ho ex- 
 jiressed himself as ready to go, anti wanted 
 
 peace. Ho leaves a wife, a daughter. Miss 
 Lucy, and two sons, Fred and Frank, to mourn 
 his loss. The funeral took place from the 
 family residence on Tilden street, Las Vegas, 
 March 20, 1888, the services being conducted 
 by Rev. James Frazer, and a large concourse 
 of friends were in attendance. 
 
 HARVEY AU.STIN 
 
 Was born in Skaneateles, Onondaga county. 
 New York, January 9, 180;i. In 182-1 he came 
 to Michigan Territory and located at Ann 
 Arbor, where he engaged in the manufacture 
 of leather. In 1832 he removed to Brooklvn, 
 Jackson county, where he engaged in agri- 
 culture. His second son, who still survives 
 him, was the first male child born in the 
 present town of Brooklyn. He was jjost- 
 niaster, justice of the peace, and elder in the 
 Presbyterian church, in which last relation he 
 was very highly esteemed. He removed to 
 Monroe and died at hisfarmin the town of Mon- 
 roe on the south side of the River Raisin, Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1866. He had three sons, all of whom 
 enlisted in the War of the Rebellion. The 
 youngest was killed at Malvern Hill, Virginia. 
 The second son, Henry R. Austin, is the only 
 survivor, who is now and has for years been 
 eagaged in the United States mail service, and 
 highly esteemed as an elder in the First Pres- 
 byterian church of Monroe. 
 
 ALFRED G. BATES. 
 
 Among our early pioneers no one was better 
 or more favorably known than Alfred G. 
 Bates. For years at his farm on the K'ai.sin, 
 and later in the city itself, he was thoroufhiy 
 identified with the settlement and growth of 
 Monroe and Monroe county. Alfred was the 
 son of Phineas P. Bates, of Canandaigua, New 
 York. Phineas P. Bates was the son of Phineas 
 Bates, who purchased in 1790 what is now 
 known in Canandaigua as " Brookside " or 
 " The Bates farm," and moved his family there 
 in February, 1791, traveling from Connecticut 
 with a sled drawn by oxen.' His was the 
 seventh family settling in Canandaigua, at 
 that time the western limit of the settlements 
 in the State of New York ; in fact there were 
 few settlers west of Schenectadv. 
 
158 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Phincas Bates liad four sons : Stephen, born 
 in Granville, Massachusetts; Asher, born in 
 Hartland, Connecticut; Phineas P., born in 
 Hartland, Connecticut; and David C, born in 
 Canandaigua, New York. These sons all took 
 active parts in the early settlement of western 
 New York, and were noted for their inde- 
 pendence of character and sterling integrit}'. 
 
 Phineas P. Bates had three sons : Alfred G., 
 George C, and John S. Alfred and George 
 removed to Michigan, where they settled; 
 Alfred in Monroe as a farmer in 1834, and 
 George C. in Detroit as a lawyer a year or two 
 later. John S., well known b}- the older citi- 
 zens of Monroe, remained at the homestead in 
 Canandaigua and died there in 1855. George 
 C, for many years one of the prominent law- 
 yers of Michigan, subsequently went to Cali- 
 fornia, living at different times in California, 
 Utah (whore he was United States District 
 Attorney), and Colorado, where he died in 
 1885. Alfred remained a citizen of Monroe 
 county until his death, in 1881. 
 
 This little sketch of the family of Alfred 
 Bates will give to any one familiar with New 
 England and New England traditions an idea 
 of the character of the man. He was purely 
 of the New England type, liberalized in trans- 
 planting to western soil. Generous by nature, 
 his sympathy for his fellows was strongly de- 
 veloped by the struggles consequent xxpon the 
 early settlement of the country, and he was 
 known as one of the most unselfish and kind- 
 hearted of that splendid band of men who 
 settled in Monroe at about the same time he 
 did. Monroe ■was then a New England colony, 
 supplanting the original French settlers; a 
 colony composed of men of such intelligence 
 and strength of character that in the early 
 days of the State it was known as " the Inde- 
 pendent State of Moni-oe." Two years after 
 his arrival he was elected sheriff of the county, 
 and was subsequently appointed deputy United 
 States marshal for the district of Michigan. 
 While occupying these positions he took a very 
 prominent part in breaking up some of the 
 wonderfully organized bands of counterfeiters 
 and horse thieves, whose operations extended 
 from the Mississijjpi to the lakes. The history' 
 of the exploits of these bold marauders in the 
 great wilderness through which they operated 
 seems like the tales that are told of the roman- 
 tic characters of the Spanish Main, and of the 
 
 robber bands in the Black Forest of Germany. 
 Mr. Bates's intelligence, coolness and dauntless 
 courage especitdly fitted him for the dangerous 
 work of suppressing these outlaws, and the 
 records of the State's prison bear the names of 
 many desperate characters that he succeeded 
 in placing behind its bars. At different times 
 Mr. Bates filled other local positions of moi-e or 
 less prominence, serving one term in the legis- 
 lature ; but he was a modest, retiring gentle- 
 man, devoting most of his life to his private 
 business, and interesting himself in the affairs 
 of others only as his s^'mpathies were enlisted 
 by his neighboi-s and friends, among whom 
 he was held in the highest possible esteem. 
 
 A sketch of the life of an ordinary indi- 
 vidual, like the history of a peaceful commu- 
 nity, requires but little space. Yet it is in the 
 homes of those modest American gentlemen, 
 and in these quiet religious communities, that 
 are planted and cultivated those principles of 
 patriotism and unselfish consideration for the 
 rights of others, that distinguish Americans 
 from the citizens of other nationalities, and 
 7iiake the educated Americans the peers of the 
 titled aristocrats of the world. Mr. Bates as 
 an individual, and Monroe as a community, 
 are but fair types of other individuals and 
 communities of similar origin. In them we 
 see the development under most favorable 
 auspices of the character of the Puritan, en- 
 larged, broadened and softened of many of its 
 asperities by suffering, by struggle and success. 
 The devotion to duty is still there, the capacity 
 for self-sacrifice daily illustrated, while charity 
 for the weakness of others, without which no 
 character can be lovely, becomes a mantle so 
 large that with it they are enabled to envelop 
 the whole human race. 
 
 Toone who hasknown the subjectof this little 
 sketch, and known his neighbors and friends in 
 Monroe county, it seems a pity that those coming 
 after us must, of necessity, have so little appre- 
 ciation of the real strength and nobleness of 
 their characters. Their lives were passed in 
 such quiet and unostentatious ways that with- 
 out a personal knowledge of the trials and 
 difficulties surrounding them it is impossible to 
 appreciate the results of those lives. Their 
 descendants and successors who find the forests 
 cleared away, the marshes drained, and the 
 countr}- converted from a dense wilderness to a 
 beautiful park; log school-houses replaced by 
 
BIOGKAl'HIES OF PIONEKRS, 1818-1837. 
 
 I;-)'.) 
 
 l)iiil(liiii;s \v(ir(li\- of boiiiiC ciillod temples of 
 learning; cluirehos everywhere pointing their 
 s])ircs to that invisible God upon whom these 
 earnest men depended for their dail3' food us 
 well as mental strength, can never appreciate 
 their struggle as tho}' gave their lives in un- 
 interrupted toil to accomplish this magical 
 cliangc. They have passed away, hut in this 
 case the good tlioy have done lives after them. 
 Mr. Bates raised a large family, consisting of 
 three sons and four daughters. Like their pre- 
 decessors they have all migrated, and are now 
 living in different parts of the country. Not 
 one of the family so long and so favorably 
 known in _Miinroe is now a citizen of the county 
 or Stale. 
 
 Alfred G. Bales was born at Canandaigua, 
 New York, June 2a, 1810 ; married Miss Betsej' 
 Ann Elliot in April, 1S:^3. They were the 
 parents of twelve children, of whom seven 
 reached the age of maturity. 
 
 Major Elliot Bates, the eldest son, entered 
 West Point Militarj- Academj- in ISi'A, gradu- 
 ated in 18(55, and was a.ssigned to the Second 
 Cavalry, United States army, in which he 
 served as lieutenant, adjutant and caj)tain until 
 March, 1875, when he wasappoirited major and 
 ]iaymaster of the Ignited States army, which 
 position he now holds and is stationed at St. 
 Paul; was married in December, 1875, to Cai'o- 
 line K. McCorkle, of New York city; has two 
 ciiihlrcii, Elliot and Mar}-. Ho is an accom- 
 ]>lished gentleman, and much esteemed as a 
 wise and prudent officer. 
 
 Miss Nellie married Mr. William Taylor, a 
 wholesale merchant of Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 Miss Sarah married Mr. William V. Law- 
 rence, a wholesale merchant of Montreal, 
 Canada. 
 
 Addle Granger Bates niMrricd Mr. Burk 
 Stone, a wholesale merchant of Chicago. 
 
 Agnes A. Bates married Mr. Arthur W. Wel- 
 lington, civil engineer, and editor of Eiujineer- 
 iiig Newt-, of New York city. 
 
 Ilenr^' Bates, the second son, is a civil and 
 mining engineer, a graduate of the Michigan 
 I'nivei'sit}', now identified with the fortunes of 
 Lcadville and Gunnison, Colorado, and in jjoint 
 of time one of the pioneers of that State. 
 
 John S. Bates is married and living in Mont- 
 real, Canada, and one of the firm of Davis Law- 
 rence Manufacturing Companj-. 
 
 PATRICK (iOl.DEN 
 W^as born at Boyle, Ireland, in 1807. He left 
 home at twenty-two years of age, and landed at 
 Quebec after seven weeks and three dajs of 
 sailing. He took steamer from Quebec to Mon- 
 treal, then took Durham boat drawn by four 
 horses and poled by men to Lachino Rapids — 
 their boat was drawn over the rapids by 
 twenty-three yoke of oxen; from thence by 
 steamer to Oswego, N. Y., from thence to 
 Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo, Toledo, and ar- 
 rived at Monroe in October, 18l!5. Was a 
 carpenter by trade, and was boss carpenter in 
 building the Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad 
 from Toledo to Adrian. Purchased eighty 
 acres of land in Lenawee county. Built by 
 contract the Mansion House in Ohio City, the 
 first hotel built in that city. Was in the em- 
 ploy of Stevens & Storms, and assisted in build- 
 ing the residence of Dr. George Landon, near 
 the site of the pld Michigan Southern Railroad 
 depot in the first ward ; also the residence of 
 Parson John O'Brien in the fii'st ward. As- 
 sisted Mr. George Bachelor in building the first 
 Methodist church on Motiroc street. With 
 Peter Beitzel (father of Henry Beitzel, of this 
 city), Egbert Cole and Alexander Ragen, built 
 the first Methodist church in Ann Arbor. As- 
 sisted in building for General Henr^' Smith his 
 residence on Elm avenue in the city of Monroe, 
 now owned and occupied by L E. Ilgianfritz ; 
 also the residence of Mr Clancy on First street 
 in third ward, now owned and occupied by 
 Sidney Prentiss. 
 
 Patrick Golden was married to Mary Mc- 
 Donough May 3, 1838. Immediatelj' there- 
 after be took the contract for and built for the 
 Michigan Southern Railroad six miles of rail- 
 road from Ossco to Hillsdale under General 
 Levi S. Humpiirey, commissioner of the State, 
 taking three years to complete the contract. 
 After completing this contract, he built for 
 the same parties eight miles of Michigan South- 
 ern Railroad west of Coldwater. Mr. Golden 
 was extonsivel}- engaged in burning and selling 
 lime for a number of years. He took a con- 
 tract for building a large portion of the plank 
 road from .Monroe to Flat Rock, which proved 
 a total loss to him. Mr. Golden purchased and 
 improved a farm of 128 acres on Sandy Creek, 
 built a handsome residence thereon, and after 
 occupying il^but four years, it was with all his 
 
160 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 furniture destroyed by fire. He subsequently 
 deeded one-half of the farm to his son William. 
 
 Mr. Patrick Golden had four sons and one 
 daughter: William, who married Mary Lynch, 
 resides on his farm on Sandy Creek; Jo8ej)h, 
 who married the daughter of John Davis, 
 of this city ; Augustus, who married the 
 daughter of James Pentony, of this city ; 
 Charles, who married the daughter of Touis- 
 sant Soleau, now the prosecuting attorney of 
 Monroe county; Maria, who married the son of 
 Touissant Soleau, of this city. 
 
 Patrick Golden visited his old home in Ire- 
 land in 1885 after an ab.seuce of half a century. 
 He found but five of his old acquaintances 
 living. 
 
 SEBA MURPHY 
 
 Was bora at Scituate, Ehode Island, July L'5, 
 1787, and when quite young was connected 
 with the large and respectable mercantile 
 and commercial house of DeGraff, Walton & Co., 
 of Schenectad}- In 1812 he was sent to Can- 
 ada to take charge of a branch establishment, 
 and whiletherethe war with Great Britain broke 
 out. In endeavoring to effect his escape to the 
 United States he undertook with other Amer- 
 icans to cross the ice from Bath, Canada West, 
 to Cape Vincent. A blinding and furious snow- 
 storm coming on at the time caused them to lose 
 their way, and he unfortunatel}' fell into the 
 ice and froze his feet; being thus discovered by 
 the British picket guard, he was seized as a 
 prisoner of war and carried back to Kingston. 
 He suffered the amputation of both of his 
 feet, and was detained there until rescued by 
 Ben Johnson and other members of the Ma- 
 sonic order of Bath, who managed to conceal 
 him in the bottom of a sleigh filled with bags 
 of oats, drove him to Prescott, and during the 
 night safely conveyed him across the river to 
 Ogdensburg. Keturning to Schenectady he re- 
 mained there until the spring of 1818, when he 
 removed to Ovid, Seneca county. New York, 
 and engaged in mercantile business with Colo- 
 nel Philip R. Tull, late of Monroe, Michigan. 
 He there held the office of county clerk for two 
 successive terms. 
 
 In the year 1835 he removed to Monroe city, 
 Michigan, in which place he held the office of 
 county commissioner. State senator, register of 
 deeds, for many years the financial agent in 
 
 this city of the Michigan Southern Eailway 
 Corapanj', and county treasurer for two terms. 
 The latter office he held at the time of his 
 death, and while in the discharge of the duties 
 incident to it at the capital, he was summoned 
 to exchange the fleeting pleasures of earth for 
 the purer and more exalted joys of a higiier 
 and better state of existence, and on the morn- 
 ing of the 16th of November, 1854, with abid- 
 ing faith and unwavering confidence in his 
 Redeemer, calmly and sweetly as an infant in 
 its mother's arms, " He fell asleep in Jesus." 
 
 He became a member of the Presbyterian 
 church in Ovid, N. Y., and continued to the 
 day of his death an exemplary Christian, an 
 upright and generous man and neighbor, with 
 a heart in sympathy with the sick and affiiicted, 
 highly esteemed by all who knew him. His 
 residence at the time of his death was the two- 
 story brick building in the First ward, near the 
 Waterloo Mills, recently destroyed by fire. 
 
 Previous to his escape and capture he fre- 
 quently visited Bellsville, in Canada, and was 
 devoted in his attentions to Miss Margaret 
 Davy (sister of the late Mrs. Daniel B. Miller, 
 of Monroe, Michigan), whom he subsequently 
 married. They had one son, the Hon. William 
 Walton Murphy, and four daughters. The 
 daughters before marriage spent a number of 
 years in Germany, and returned to Monroe ac- 
 complished German scholars. 
 
 The Hon. Nathaniel Howe, a lawyer of Mon- 
 roe, married the eldest daughter. After her 
 decease he married the second daughter, Ann 
 Maria. 
 
 The third daughter mai-ricd Edward P. Camp- 
 bell, of Conneaut, Ohio, who subsequently re- 
 moved to and still resides in Monroe. The 
 fruits of this marriage are two daughters and 
 three sons, now living; Caroline, who mar- 
 ried Mr. James T. Eaglcrfield, of Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, both being graduates of the Michigan 
 State Universit}'; and Lilla L. Campbell, who 
 married Dr. Harry Downs, of Stilson, Kansas. 
 
 The fourth daughter, Sarah, married Dr. 
 Luke H. Cooper, a practicing physician for a 
 number of years in Monroe, who sub.sequently 
 removed to and is now a practicing physician 
 in West Bay City, Michigan. 
 
 I may mention here in connection with the 
 biography of the Hon. Seba Murphy, that 
 Ben Johnson, "the lake pirate," so called in 
 early times, was one of the number of those 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PIONEKRS, 1818-1837. 
 
 KH 
 
 who assisted Mr. Murpliy in his escape from 
 Canada — an exceedingly courageous, energetic, 
 hravo and wealthj' man. He was suspected by 
 the British authorities, wiio coiitiseated all of 
 his property, for which he ever after enter- 
 tained bitter feelings of hatred and revenge 
 toward the British (Jovcrnment. He subse- 
 qucntlj' owned a number of the islands in the 
 St. Lawrence Eivcr known as the Thousand 
 Islands, and had frequent opportunities of grat- 
 ifying his feelings of hatred and revenge, and 
 probably proved as great an annoyance as any 
 man on the St Lawrence River to the British 
 authorities. He in after jears identified him- 
 self with the Patriot cause, and was gi-eatly dis- 
 tinguished as one of the most fearless, daring 
 and brave, feared by the Canadian authorities 
 more than any one man enlisted or engaged in 
 the Patriot War, generally accredited with 
 having captured and burned the steamer "Sir 
 Eoliert Peel." 
 
 The daughter of Ben Johnson inherited the 
 courage of her father; was in full sympath}' 
 with his feelings of hatred and revenge. She 
 was distinguished asan athlete; few excelled her 
 in the management of a boat, in skating and 
 swimming. Excursions from the main land to 
 the islands, eight or ten miles, alone in her 
 cedar boat, were frequently made. She was 
 very efficient in secretly furnishing supplies 
 during the Patriot War, and was known and 
 styled on the St. Lawrence iliver as " Queen of 
 the Thousand Islands." Her beautiful cedar 
 boat, in which she performed so many acts of 
 heroism, was finally presented by her to the 
 companion of her youthful days, the Hon. 
 Joseph M. Sterling, of the city of Monroe, who 
 still has it in his possession, preserving it as a 
 memento of the Queen of the Thousand Islands. 
 
 HON. WILLIAM WALTON MURPHY, 
 
 Son of Hon. Seba Murphy, was born at Ovid, 
 Xew York, April 3, 1816. He came to Monroe 
 with his father in 1885, entered the United 
 States land office, and during his leisure hours 
 studied law. He subsequently entered as a 
 student the law office of Wing ct McClelland, 
 and was admitted to practice. 
 
 In 1840 he removed to Jonesville, where he 
 became a leading lawyer and for some time the 
 senior member of the law firm of Murphy & 
 
 Howe. Upon the return of Mr. Howe (his 
 brother-in-law) to the East, Mr. Murphy formed 
 a copartnership with the lion. Witter J. Bax- 
 ter. He was also a partner in the Jonesville 
 banking house of Iv O. Grosvenor^ Com]iany ; 
 was for several years the editor ami j)ublisher 
 of the Jonesville Telegraph. 
 
 In March, 18:-59, he went to the village of 
 Branch, then the seat of justice for Branch 
 county, and purchased of the executors of the 
 estate of Levi Collier, the press which had been 
 used in that place. This was the first j)rinting 
 press in Hillsdale county, and the first paper 
 was issued April 13, 1839. Mr. Murphy repre- 
 sented Hillsdale county in the State legislature 
 before the removal of the capital from Detroit. 
 In the winter of 1849 he was married to Ellen 
 Beaumont, of Monroe, who still survives him. 
 
 In 18G1 Mr. Mur]iliy was appointed Ignited 
 States consul general at Frankfort-on-the-Main, 
 Germany, and served there as consul for eight 
 years, performing his duties with signal ability 
 and fiiithfulness. Private and public citizens 
 united in showing Iheirappreciation and esteem 
 of one who was alwaj's their warmest friend in 
 the days of their imperial prosperitj-, and sub- 
 sequently in their provincial condition. He 
 gained, by a peculiar frankness, a firm footing 
 among the people, and inspired confidence in 
 himself and in his country. Among the great 
 financiers of the countrj- he worked with all 
 his power in sup])ort of the American cause ; 
 and in the years IStil, 18(J2 and 1863, he was 
 one of the chief supporters of our securities in 
 this country, and therefore in the German and 
 continental markets His successful, energetic 
 efforts in counteracting the attempt to quarter 
 troops upon American citizens in Germany is 
 deserving of an extended notice, and will ever 
 be remembered b^- American citizens at Frank- 
 fort, as well as citizens of F]-aMUfort, with 
 gratitude. 
 
 Previous to 1866 Frankfort-on-the-Main was 
 a free, republican city, and the seat of the old 
 German Bund. When the rupture between 
 Prussia and Austria occurred, her sympathies 
 wore with Austria and ihc confederate coali- 
 tion, though she did not send an}' troops into 
 the field, and was herself without the means of 
 defense. From the first, Prussia looked upon 
 her as a hotbed of Austrian sympathies, and 
 on the 14th day of July the Prussian army 
 was rejjorted near by, and the reniiiant of the 
 
102 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 old Bund and the confederate military commis- 
 sion took their way to Augsburg. Two da3-8 
 after, General Von Falkenstein encamped near 
 the city of Frankfort with a lai-ge army, and 
 dissolving the city senate and burger repre- 
 sentatives, took command ol' the city, which ho 
 treated as conquered, levying a war contribu- 
 tion of six millions of gulden to be paid in 
 twenty-four Ikhii-s. This was done and Falk- 
 enstein said that the citizens would now be no 
 more molested and ho left the city. 
 
 He had not been gone many hours, however, 
 before General Manteuffel, to whom the main 
 army had been transferred on the lillth of 
 July, entered the city with twenty thousand 
 troops, which ho at once quartered upon the 
 inhabitants, foreign and native, and then de- 
 manded a second war contribution of twenty- 
 five million gulden, to be paid within three 
 days, or the citj' would be bombarded and 
 sacked. The citizens were in a state of dumb 
 consternation, and knew not whore to get the 
 money. A number of senators and representa- 
 tives assembled to discuss the state of affairs, 
 and a deputation was sent to General Man- 
 teutfel to protest against these excessive meas- 
 ures, but with no i-esult. The citizens them- 
 selves were subjected to continual insult, and 
 required by the soldiers to provide for exor- 
 bitant wants. Some preferred to leave their 
 houses altogether to the possession of the sol- 
 diers. Protests were vain, and General Man- 
 teuffel spread most fearful rumors of what he 
 should do in case the money was not paid with- 
 in the time specified. 
 
 About this time Consul-General William 
 Walton Murphy appeared upon the scene. He 
 was on business in Hamburg when bo received 
 the first news of the invasion of Frankfort, and 
 at once endeavored to return to bis post. But 
 all the direct roads were interrupted; he pro- 
 cured a special passport and a vise from the 
 Prussian minister at Hamburg, authorizing him 
 to go through ; then pi-oceeded on the Minden 
 road to Cologne; then by a Holland boat to 
 Mayence; from thence he drove across the 
 country, being challenged at everj' hundred 
 yards, to Frankfort, where he found the condi- 
 tion of thingsalready described. His firstatteii- 
 tion was to the troops already quartered upon 
 American citizens. He at once informed Man- 
 teuffel that the soldiers inust be withdrawn 
 from the Amei-icans ; issued a notice to all 
 
 citizens of the United States whose names were 
 registered at the consulate, to call for their 
 certificates of protection ; and as a correspon- 
 dent of the Berne Bund .said at the time, " made 
 the Prussian government answerable for all 
 and every injury done to an American citi- 
 zen." But though this secured American citi- 
 zens from the quartering of troops, their prop- 
 erty was of course in danger of the threatened 
 general bomb:irdmcnt 
 
 A deputation of citizens then had an inter- 
 view with General Manteuf!el at his hotel. He 
 kept them waiting for three hours before he 
 would see them, the meantime being used by 
 some members of the deputation to drop into 
 Consul-General Murphy's room in the hotel to 
 ask his advice. Finally General Manteuffel 
 ordered the deputation to appear, and replied 
 to the complaints of the treatment of the city, 
 that the money must he paid, if not the city 
 would be sacked, and he should take the money 
 wherever he could lay his hands on it. The 
 deputation said, " Surelj- Prussian troops will 
 not be allowed to plunder a German city." 
 General Manteuffel replied: " For that job I 
 have a regiment of Poles with me; I do not 
 cai'e if you do call me a second Duke of Alma." 
 Affairs looked gloomy enough. General Man- 
 teuffel had arranged his cannon in position for 
 firing upon the Zeil, the principal street of the 
 city, and said as he pointed to them: "These 
 are my iirguments to bring the monej', and if 
 not paid within the time specified, I shall ex- 
 act it." 
 
 Fortunately for Frankfort, General Man- 
 teuffel found in the American Consul-General 
 Murphy a will prompt in action as his own. 
 Mr. Murphy determined to exert what influ- 
 ence he possessed in favor of the city, and tele- 
 graphed to Governor Wright, then our minister 
 in Berlin, the state of affairs and protested 
 against the second war levy of twenty-five mil- 
 lion gulden. Even this was no ea.sy task. The 
 city telegraph stations were all in the hands of 
 the military-, and none would transmit the mes- 
 .sagc ; he must therefore proceed some miles 
 into another territory and send the message by 
 way of Heidelberg Fortunately, too, Man- 
 teuffel was shortly after called away by firing 
 at Wurzburg, and sent a captain with a few 
 regiments to enforce the demand. He was 
 superseded in a day or so by General Koder, 
 backed by a larger force, who, though not 
 
^>sCV^ -5--"^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^foOcllry. /V^^A/X. 
 
lilOGRAPHIES OK PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 ic.;5 
 
 quite so hrutul ;is Maiitoutrd, deiiiaiided the 
 immediate iiaymont of tiic tweiity-fivc million 
 gulden. The despair of the citizens was com- 
 plete ; Burgomaster Foliner had hanged him- 
 self for grief, and no man Icncw how long his 
 home would l)e secure from bonibardnieiil and 
 pillage. 
 
 It was just at this time that our Consul-Gon- 
 eral Murphy's influence wa.s efficient. On the 
 24lli of July, he received a telegram from Gov- 
 ernor W^right, in which lie said ho had called 
 upon Von der Ilcydt, Prussian Minister of 
 Finance and Foreign Affairs, who said that 
 Bismarck was absent, but that he had heard 
 nothing at all about the second war lev}- at 
 Fi-ankforl, which was perfectly unjustifiable, 
 and he would see that the order was not earried 
 into execution ; and in fact it was immediately 
 revoked, and the citizens of Frank Ibrt were 
 released from all further apprehension. The 
 popular joj' at this unlooked for turn of aftairs 
 was, as might have been expected, exceedingly 
 great, and Consul-Geiieral Murplij- was there- 
 after regarded by the people as a true bene- 
 factor, for to him alone do they give the credit 
 of saving their valuable pro])ertv from destruc- 
 tion. 
 
 The most ])ron>inent citizens of Frankfort 
 determined to show their esteem and apprecia- 
 tion of Mr. Muri)hy's character and great 
 services to their city by presenting him with 
 magnificent silver goblets, valued at six hun- 
 dred gulden, with numerous valuable testimo- 
 nials, at the consulate rooms, where the pres- 
 ents wore deposited. Professor Hamburger, 
 attended by a large concourse of citizens, in a 
 neat address ])resented them to Consul-Geiieral 
 Murph}-. 
 
 The removal of the Consul-General Murphy 
 from Frankfort-on-thc-Main elicited from the 
 burgers of Frankfort strong and hearty ex- 
 pressions of their sympathy for our consular 
 representative and regret at his dej)arture. 
 After his retirement from the consulship he 
 remained in Germany as the trusted financial 
 agent of several of the leading railwaj' com- 
 panies in the United States, in which he was 
 instrumental in securing the investment of 
 largo amounts of foreign capital in American 
 enterprises. It was through his influence that 
 the first bonds of the I'niled States were sold in 
 Frankfort. 
 
 Mr. Mur])hy died at Hamburg, June 8, 188G. 
 
 ile was a lirother-in-law of the Hon. Witter .1. 
 Baxter, of Joncsville, Professor I. B. Sill, of 
 Detroit, and Professor A. S. Welch, of the Iowa 
 Ai;ricultural GolleiiC. 
 
 WILLIAM II. 150YD 
 
 Was born in llartwiik, ( )tsogo county. New 
 York, October C, 1811. Jlis father, William A. 
 Boyd, was born Novon\ber 10, 1785, in Rich- 
 mond, Berkshire county, .Massachn.setts, the son 
 ofJohn Boyd, who was born in Ii'onc, Scotland, 
 in 1739, and emigrated to this country in 1770. 
 He was a descendant of the Earl of Hiclinidnd, 
 educated in the University of I'klinburgh, a 
 lawyer by profession, and made a notary in 17(il. 
 On coming to this country was licensed by 
 William 'J'rj'on, governor of the 'province of 
 New York, in 1774. Married Christina Van- 
 dusen. of Kinderhook, and related to the Van 
 Burcn family. He removed from Berkshire 
 county to Philailelphia. where lie died Sciitem- 
 bcr 18, 1798. 
 
 He left four sons, Kobert, William A., John 
 and James. John had a large famil}, whose 
 descendants are scattered in Wisconsin, \'ir- 
 ginia, New Jersey, New York and Pc^nnsyl- 
 nia. John E. Boyd, one of the descendants, is 
 connected with the Board of Home Missions of 
 the Presbyterian church in New York Citj-. 
 
 William A. Boyd, father of William H., re- 
 ceived his early education in Philadelphia and 
 Albany, and entered a wholesale dry goods 
 store in Albany, where he was thoroughly 
 trained in the business. He aftei-wards set- 
 tled in Otsego county, and mari-ied Miss Rutha 
 Sejmour, who was born in J5crlin, Connecticut, 
 August 28, 1789. Ih-v father and mother (the 
 hitter's maiden name was Hart) were of Puri- 
 tan stock, and among the first settlers and 
 honored names of Connecticut They possessed 
 sterling Christian characters, and trained a 
 family of noble Christian men and wonxen, 
 numbering among their descendants six who 
 have been or now are ministers of the Gospel. 
 William A. Boyd had three children, William 
 H., Erasmus J. and Mariet. 
 
 Erasmus was educated at Hamilton College, 
 New Y'ork, and at the theological seminary- at 
 New Y'ork. He entered the ministry, and 
 was for years pastor of a church in Brooklyn, 
 Michigan. He was princijial of the Young 
 
164 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Tiadies' Seminary of Monroe from it.s origin 
 for twenty-nine years. He married Sarah 
 Clark, of Troy, ISTew York ; bad two daughters, 
 wlio married and settled in the West. 
 
 Mariet married Charles P. Woodruff, of De- 
 troit ; has three sons and three daughters. 
 
 William H. Boyd was educated at Ovid 
 Academy, New York, where he pursued a 
 course in the languages and mathematics pre- 
 paratory for college, but not desiring a profes- 
 sion lie turned his attention to naturaK history 
 and the sciences. He entered the Rensselaer 
 Institute, then under the charge of the dis- 
 tinguished Professor Amos Eaton, at Troj-, 
 New York, where he graduated in 1835. His 
 class contained such scholars as Professor 
 James Hall, of Albany, and Hon. S. Wells 
 Williams, of Yale College, late of China, the 
 last being his roommate for two years. At 
 this institute students were required to lec- 
 ture in the studies in the in-esenee of the 
 whole class and the professors. This exercise 
 proved of great value to the students in after 
 life. 
 
 Fi-om this institute Mr. Boyd i-eturned to 
 his home in Ovid, New Y'ork, and spent some 
 two years with his father in the mercantile 
 business, during which time he accumulated a 
 valuable librar3' of literary, historic and scien- 
 tific works, which he diligently studied in his 
 leisure hours. He entered heartily into Sun- 
 day school work and the cause of temperance. 
 In 1834 he was chosen superintendent of the 
 Presbyterian church Sundaj- school, which 
 ofBce he held while he remained in Ovid, also 
 acted as superintendent of a Sabbath school 
 three miles outside of the village. 
 
 In the springof 183t5 he made choice of Mon- 
 roe as his future residence and engaged a store 
 building, returned to Ovid, from thence to 
 New York, and purchased a stock of dr}' goods. 
 With a capital of $200 purchased $3,000 
 on a credit of six months, and returned to 
 Monroe in June and oi^ened his stock in 
 trade. About the 1st of December he ad- 
 ded a stock of groceries. His business in- 
 creased and was continued in the stand, in the 
 building now occupied by H. Duvall, on First 
 street, for ten years, during which time he 
 built a store at Hillsdale, and one at Jackson, 
 continuing the three stores for twelve j'ears. He 
 changed into the hardware trade, which ho 
 continued seventeen years, and then took in 
 
 two partners, George W. Bruckner and Eobert 
 Powell, and after seven years sold out to them. 
 From that time he devoted his time to other 
 branches of trade,produce, wool, clover seed, etc. 
 In 1868 his hardware store was burned, when 
 he went to New York City and spent two years 
 in the oil trade, opening an important business 
 in native lubricating oils in Russia, Germanj-, 
 France and England, which business has been 
 carried on most successfully b}' his son and his 
 associates to the present time. Returning from 
 New York at the close of 1869, he entered into 
 the produce trade, in which he has continued 
 to the present time, making in June, 1886, over 
 fifty years of continued business. 
 
 When he commenced business in 1836, he 
 wrote a pledge which he first signed and re- 
 quired all his clerks for the first ten years to 
 sign, pledging total abstinence from intoxicat- 
 ing drinks and saloons, and of the large num- 
 ber connected with him in business, all with 
 one exception of those now living have kept 
 their pledge, and all with two exceptions have 
 l>roved in after life to bo men of sterling char- 
 acter, and most of them leading business men 
 in society where they resided. 
 
 In the summer of 1836 he united with the 
 First Presbyterian church of Monroe by letter 
 from Ovid, and joining the Sabbath school as 
 teacher, was at once made assistant superin- 
 tendent, and continued assistant superinten- 
 dent until January, 1843, when he was elected 
 superintendent and held the office until July, 
 1878, some thirty-five j'ears as superintendent, 
 excepting two years when absent in New 
 York — forty years superintendent and assist- 
 ant superintendent of the same school. In the 
 Sabbath school work he was active both at 
 home and throughout the State, having aided 
 in the formation of the State Sundaj' school 
 Association, acted as one of its executive com- 
 mittee, and twice elected president of the State 
 convention, once at Grand Rapids and once at 
 P'lint; was a delegate to the national conven- 
 tion in Indianapolis in 1872, and to the inter- 
 national convention in Baltimore in 1875; was 
 a member of the first State temperance con- 
 vention at Marshall in the winter of 1838; has 
 been a member of the Synod of Michigan re- 
 peatedly, and of the General Assembly in 
 Buffalo, New York and Cincinnati, and a life 
 member of the American Sunday School Union, 
 and its vice-president in 1876. He deliv- 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF I'lONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 165 
 
 ercnl :in historical address on tlie work of Sun- 
 day schools during the past century at tlio 
 State convention in Owosso in 1876, winch was 
 an address of great merit and deemed worthy 
 of jtiiblication by the convention. 
 
 In tiie presbytery of Monroe lie lias been 
 efficient as an elder ; delivered an historical 
 narrative of its fifty years' work in 1844, which 
 was published in pamphlet form. He fre- 
 ((uently responded to calls to deliver Fourth of 
 July and historical addresses, as well as ])atri- 
 otic addresses. 
 
 He was the first to offera preniiumof twenty- 
 five dollars for the first man who would enlist 
 as a volunteer in the first company formed in 
 Monroe count}- at the opening of the war in 
 1861. On the call for the mass meeting in 
 Jack.son, July (>, 1854, participated in the or- 
 ganization of the Republican party. He never 
 manifested any desire for political preferment, 
 but was ever an ardent and zealous Kepublican. 
 
 His efficiency iu the Sabbath school work, 
 where he labored for forty-two years, can be 
 attested by hundreds of teachers and scholars. 
 Through his agency every member of the 
 Fourth and Seventh Michigan regiments was 
 furnished with a copy of the Now Testament, 
 and by his efforts the Presbyterian chapel was 
 erected, to which he was a very liberal con- 
 tributor. Commencing as a Sabbath school 
 teacher at the age of sixteen, he labored fifty- 
 nine years (at this date sixty-one), for the youth 
 of our land, giving a bright example of one 
 who had never u.sed intoxicating drinks or 
 tobacco in any form, or uttered a profane word, 
 or labored or traveled on the Sabbath. 
 
 He was active in every enterprise for the in- 
 terests of Monroe, viz.: In building the plank 
 road to Saliiie before the railroad was con- 
 structed ; in building the Detroit, Monroe and 
 Toledo railroad, and the Holly railroad, which 
 was absorbed b}' the Flint and Pere Marquette; 
 w-as one of the originators of the Monroe Fe- 
 male Seminary, and invested S3,000 for the 
 brick addition, which proved a pecuniary loss; 
 was interested in the Union hotel, now known 
 as the Hubble block ; al.so one of the organizers 
 of the First National bank, of which he was a 
 number of years president and vice-president; 
 and for many years, and at the present time, 
 president of the Monroe Bible Society, being 
 the oldest Bible society in the Northwest, organ- 
 ized iu 1821. 
 
 Mr. Boyd married in September, 1S:5!), .Miss 
 Lucy Chujjel, who lost her parents in early 
 youth, and was adopted by Judge Wolcott 
 Jjawrence, an old and honored family of New 
 England, who came to Michigan in 1817. Mr. 
 Hoyd had five children, three of whom died in 
 childhood, leaving Irving P. Boyd, of New 
 York, and Carrie L., residing at Monroe. 
 
 Ml'. Boyd's character as a Christian gentle- 
 man for fifty ye:irs in the same coniinunily 
 was exeraplaiy, and his aim and purpose was 
 to so live as to honor his Maker, and to lead all 
 under his influence to do the same. In all 
 moral and religious work for the good of his 
 fellow men he was active and ready, and was 
 known throughout the count}' in all its towns, 
 attending the Sabbath school work and other 
 gatlierinus with a ready address on the Bible, 
 temperance and Sabbath school work, with 
 illustrations lor almost any emergency, giving 
 interest to his efforts. 
 
 I append a partial list of persons who have 
 been clerks or partners in business during the 
 fifty years of William H. Boyd, and their 
 present residence as far as known. Those 
 marked * denote time of five years or more : 
 
 Elisha Field, California. 
 
 *Oscar Stoddard, dead. 
 
 *Allen Hammond, Hillsdale. 
 
 James Skinnci', unknown. 
 
 E. A. Peltier, sr., Monroe, dead. 
 
 C. P. Woodruff, Detroit. 
 
 E. A. Howes, dead. 
 
 Mo.ses B. Savage, dead. 
 
 Andrew Hastings, Detroit. 
 
 Reece H. Griffith, Rushtill, Illinois. 
 
 Robert Mockridge, dead. 
 
 *William H. Beach, dead. 
 
 Hosmer Cha])man, dead. 
 
 *William Thompson, Fenton, .Michigan. 
 
 Montgomery Thompson, Chicago. 
 
 Henry C. Seymour, Ohio. 
 
 George Seymour, Lyme, Ohio. 
 
 Byron Hammond, Michigan. 
 
 W. Van Miller, Monroe. 
 
 Henry C. Clark, Michigan. 
 
 C. S. Pratt, Jackson. 
 
 Frank G. Bulkley, Colorado. 
 
 John W. Anderson, dead. 
 
 Edward D. Fisk, dead. 
 
 Erving P. Boyd, New York city. 
 
 W. H. Smith, Brooklyn. 
 
 Edwin J. Mills, dead.' 
 
166 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 *Frank Lawrence, Sheboygan, Wisconsin. • 
 
 *Eobert Powell, Aiken, South Carolina. 
 
 *George W. Bruckner. Monroe. 
 
 Leslie J. Ander.sou, unknown. 
 
 *E. A. Peltier, jr., Monroe. 
 
 *Eichard Thompson, New York city. 
 
 P. (i. Salter, dead. 
 
 * William Steiner, Monroe. 
 
 C. Shuniway, unknown. 
 
 James Powell, Aiken, South Carolina. 
 
 Henry B. Ujjham, unknown. 
 
 Courtney Hall, unknown. 
 
 Hubert Tucker, dead. 
 
 John LefUer, Monroe. 
 
 *F. H. Hubbard, Monroe. 
 
 Jefferson Thurber, Detroit. 
 
 Morgan C. Tyler, unknown. 
 
 H. E. Austin, Monroe. 
 
 Clark Snedicor, Detroit. 
 
 K. Strickland, unknown. 
 
 Of the many persons connected with him in 
 business, it can be said that he never had a 
 serious dispute or trouble of any kind. 
 
 DEODATUS NOBLE, 
 
 Son of the Hon. David Noble, was born in New 
 Fairfield, Connecticut, July 29, 17t!();died in 
 Monroe, Michigan, January 27, 1853, aged 
 eighty-six. He was chosen May 18, 1814, a 
 deacon of the Congregational church in Wil- 
 lianistown. It was upon his farm near the 
 haystack that Gordon Hall and his associates 
 formed their plan for foreign missions. In 
 1833 he removed to Monroe, Michigan. He 
 was ever a useful citizen, an upright magistrate, 
 and a faithful officer of the church — a holy 
 man, living not for this but a bettor world, and 
 what he desired for his children was not wealth 
 or position but character and usefulness. 
 
 He married February 27, 1794, Betsej- Buik- 
 ley, daughter of Charles and Betsey Bulkley, 
 of Williamslown, who died in Monroe, Miciiigan, 
 October 9, 1847, aged seventy-five. 
 
 The children of Deodatus Noble, all born in 
 Williamatown, were: Charles Noble, born 
 July 4, 1790; married Eliza Sims Wing. 
 Elizabeth Abby Noble, born December 21, 1800; 
 married Dr. George Landon. David Addison 
 Noble, born November 9, 1802 ; married Sarah 
 Shaw. Daniel Noble, born April 15, 1807; 
 married Julia Beach; died aged sixty eight. 
 
 Mason Noble, born March 18, 1809; married 
 Ann C. Pleasants. William Addison Noble, 
 born February 16, 1819 ; married Martha Beach. 
 Deodtenus, the twin sister of Deodatus, was 
 born in New Fairfield, Connecticut; died in 
 Williamstown, Massachusetts, February 7, 1861, 
 aged ninety-five years. She married for her 
 second husband November 8, 1803, Deacon 
 Benjamin Skinner, father of Harriet Skinner, 
 the wife of Hon. Austin E. Wing. Mr. Skinner 
 died at the residence of his daughter Harriet, 
 in Monroe, December 4, 1828. By the second 
 marriage of Deacon Benjamin Skinner George 
 N. Skinner was born, in Williamstown ; gradu- 
 iited at Williams College in 1827; read law 
 with his half brother, Samuel Skinner, in Le- 
 Eo3', New York ; was a lawyer in LeEoy, New 
 York, and subsequently copartner of Hon. 
 Chauncey Joslyn, of Ypsilanti, Michigan, and 
 died in the latter place April 8, 1850, aged 
 forty-one years. 
 
 DANIEL NOBLE 
 
 Was born at Williamstown, Massachusetts, in 
 April, 1807, and consequently at the time of his 
 death was sixty-eight 3-ears of age. In the 
 year 1830, while yet our Slate was a Terri- 
 tory, his father's famil}' — consisting of father, 
 mother, five sons and one daughter — removed 
 from their old homo in Williamstown to Michi- 
 gan, and .settled in Monroe. 
 
 Before coming to Michigan, while still a 
 young man, Mr. Noble experienced religion 
 and united with the church in his native place. 
 In ;S33, with his father and mother, he united 
 by letter with the Presbyterian church in 
 Monroe. His Christian life and character was 
 not a life of ostentation, display, or froward- 
 ness. It seemed the life of a meek and gentle 
 spirit, the chai'aeter of a lowly and humble 
 mind that disdains the ambitious things of life, 
 and was content with that purity and gentle- 
 ne.ss of character which is so Christlike. He 
 was " a good man " — " a pure man." 
 
 Mr. Noble was for many years a merchant of 
 Monroe — a number of years occupied the store 
 on the corner of Washington and Front streets, 
 afterwards the brick store corner oi' Monroe 
 and First streets. Five years before his death 
 he removed with his family to Olivet. At the 
 time of his death he was on a visit to Monroe. 
 
1510GRAPHIES OF PIONEERS, 1818-1837. 
 
 167 
 
 In 1834 Mr. Noble \v:is luiiti'il in niurriage to 
 Miss Julia Beacli, with wliom lie lias since 
 lived in tlio loving intimacy Ihiit belongs to a 
 Christian home. Thi!se parents have been 
 blessed of God by the birth of eight children, 
 four of whom liave gone before, and four 
 (three sons and one daughter) still remain. To 
 these sons the inheritance of their father's 
 blessed memory and pure example is a better 
 treasure than anything of earth tiiat he could 
 have left them. 
 
 Mrs. Noble now survives him. She was born 
 ill Kast Bloomtield, New York, November 5, 
 IS 15, the daughter of Elisiia and Jjucrelia 
 (Norton) Beach, of Kast Bloomtield, and after- 
 wards of Oberlin, Ohio. The children of this 
 ntarriage were: Henry Mason Noble, born 
 February 2(1, 1839; married Adelaide Morton, 
 daughter of Hon. Edward G. Morton, of Mon- 
 roe. Mary Lucretia, born Ma^^ 3, 1843; mar- 
 ried Itev. Owen D. Fisher. Edward Stanley, 
 born November 20, 1849. Addison BulUlcy, 
 born September 15, 1850. 
 
 WILLI.'iM ADDISON NOBLE 
 
 Was born in Williamstoun, Massachusetts, Feb- 
 ruary 1(5, 1819; died at Monroe, September 21, 
 1887. He was the youngest .son of Doodatus 
 Noble, who was one of the trustees of Williams 
 College, and the donor of the land on which 
 the president's house stands; was a deacon in 
 the Congregational church, and owned the 
 land now known as "Mission Park," where 
 Mills Hall and others hold the celebrated mis- 
 sionary praj'er meeting at the haystack, the 
 origin of the Foreign Missionary Board. 
 
 William A. arrived in Monroe, June 1, 1833, 
 after a rough passage from Buffalo. At the 
 first port aftei- leaving Buffalo, he had had all 
 the experience he desired, and determined to 
 make the rest of the journey to Michigan on 
 foot, but was overruled by his father. IHs 
 academic education was at Gambler, Ohio. His 
 companions at the academy from Monroe were 
 Charles W. Ford, Charles G. Johnson, William 
 Van Horn Miller, and Talcott E. Wing. 
 
 At the age of eighteen he embarked in busi- 
 ness at Gibralter, Wayne county, then the 
 headquarters of the Patriots in the Canadian 
 rebellion. Monroe, Brest and Gibralter were 
 rival cities. Mr. Noble identified himself with 
 
 Gibralter, which was attracting the attention 
 of Eastern capitalists, and the (iibraltcr com- 
 pany was comprised of them with a number of 
 Detroit and Monroe cajiilalists. It was in- 
 tended to connect Gibralter with Flat Rock, 
 availing themselves of the Huron liiver, and a 
 largo amount of mone^' was expended in the 
 construction of a canal from Gibralter to Flat 
 Rock, the banks of which can be seen from the 
 Michigan Central railroad. The city of Gib- 
 ralter had its bank with a large circulation, 
 but it in common with the wild-cat banks col- 
 lapsed, and the city with canal s<ioii followcrl in 
 its train. 
 
 Mr. Noble made the acquaintance of P. C. H. 
 Brothcrton, cashier of the Bank of .Monroe, by 
 whom he was employed, having charge of a 
 country store at Manchester until 1844, at 
 which time he purchased Brotherton's interest ; 
 in the following spring sold out, returned to 
 -Monroe, and in the spring of 1845 formed a co- 
 partnership with Hon. J. M. Sterling in the 
 forwarding and commission business, with 
 whom he continued ten years. In 184G Ihey^ 
 built the " Black Warehouse," so called, which 
 is still owned by Mr. Sterling. After the dis- 
 solution of this copartnership Mr. Noble was 
 engaged in the mercantile business, in the 
 plaster trade, in the lumber business, and in 
 connection with the late Judge Phinney and 
 Charles Tull built the elevator at the Michigan 
 Central railroad depot, where he conducted 
 business for a number of years. He was (or a 
 number of years deputy United States .Mar- 
 shal, and under President Grant was ajipointed 
 postmaster of Monroe, which office he held for 
 eight years. He then engaged in a produce 
 and feed store, but in 1885 declining health 
 compelled him to retire from business. He 
 w-as an ardent Ilepublican, and chairman of the 
 Republican county committee for many years. 
 His religious associations were with the First 
 Presbyterian church of Monroe, of which he 
 was a consistent member for very nian\- years. 
 He was always enterpi-ising and honorable as a 
 business man, and ever highly esteemed as an 
 upright citizen. 
 
 Mr. Noble was married October 28, 1844, to 
 Martha, daughter of Elisha Beach. Thej- had' 
 one son. Mason A. Noble, and two ilaughters, 
 Henrietta G., and Lucretia Belle Noble. The 
 devotion of his family during his protracted 
 illness enlisted the symitathy of a large circle 
 
168 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 of fi-iends; and as a devoted husband, father 
 and esteemed citizen, his memory will long be 
 cherished. He was a member of Monroe 
 Lodge No. 27, Free and Accepted Masons, of 
 which lie was once master, and was also a 
 member of the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows. 
 
 EDWARD L() RANGER 
 
 Was born at Three Rivers, Canada, February 
 IG, 1796, and settled at the River Raisin in 
 1816. He was a mason by trade, and lived 
 first on the farm adjoining the Evon farm, 
 with Alexis Loranger, the clerk of the first 
 Catholic church, about two miles west of Mon- 
 roe on the north side of the river. He took 
 conti-acts from time to time, in Detroit, Maiden, 
 Frenclitovvn and Monroe. In 1822 he pur- 
 chased the farm on Stony Creek on which he 
 resided up to the time of his death. At the 
 time of his purchase Indians were encamped 
 on all sides of him. 
 
 He built in 1818 the first brick building in 
 Frenchtown, known as the Lacroix house, on 
 the north bank of the river below the railroad, 
 now owned and occupied by Louis Lafontain. 
 Ho built also the store next west of our city 
 mill for Humphrey it Bacon ; the Godfroy 
 store on the south bank of the River Raisin on 
 Macomb street ; the printing office on the east 
 side of Washington street, now owned bj' Mrs. 
 Dr. Dorsch ; helped build the brick store for 
 Oliver Johnson on the site of the store on the 
 corner of Washington and Front streets, now 
 owned by Hon. Frederick Waldorf, and occu- 
 pied as a clothing store bj' Louis Freidenburg. 
 He also built the brick residence of Jacques 
 Lasselle on the site of the Williams farm on the 
 north side of the River Raisin. The first 
 Catholic brick church was built by him in 
 1826, and was located on the rise of ground in 
 the fourth ward, fronting on Noble avenue ; 
 also the addition to St. Mary's church in 1837, 
 on Elm avenue. 
 
 Edward Loranger was married in 1826 to 
 Marianne Navarre, who survives him. They 
 
 have five children living: Zoe married Ferdi- 
 nand Revane; Josephine is unmarried ; Joseph 
 married Peter Lamb ; Exavia married Medard 
 Beaubien ; and Emma married Frederick Bez- 
 zeau — all living in Monroe county. 
 
 About the time of his marriage he began 
 work upon the saw and grist mills that have 
 stood upon Stony Creek for more than half a 
 century. He was one of the best known men 
 of his township, popular with and respected by 
 all who knew him — a man of high integrity, 
 fine social interests, good business ability, and 
 a valuable member of the community in which 
 he lived. He died in October, 1887, aged 
 ninety-one years. 
 
 JOHN TULL 
 
 Was born at East Locking, Berkshire, England, 
 February 12, 1807. With his family he emi- 
 grated to America in 1831, and in 1832 settled 
 in Monroe, where he resided the remainder of 
 his life. 
 
 In 1837 he married Julia Ann, daughter of 
 Colonel Peter P. Ferry. As the result of that 
 marriage six children were born, of whom two 
 sons and two daughters survive. The family 
 of children are sottledas far apart as the con- 
 tinent will permit. Charles D. Tull, the eldest 
 son, who is chief clerk of the transportation 
 department of the Philadelphia and Reading 
 railroad, resides at Elizabeth City, New Jersey. 
 Victor Tull is extensively engaged in mining 
 operations on the Pacific coast, and resides at 
 Puget Sound. Mrs. Ann Lloyd Kellogg, the 
 eldest daughter, resides in Washington Terri- 
 tory, and Mrs. Julia M. Carlisle resides with 
 her mother in Monroe. 
 
 Mr. John Tull was unostentatious yet intelli- 
 gent, and esteemed for many j'ears as an 
 earnest advocate of temperance. He died April 
 9, 1886. His funeral services at Trinity church 
 at Monroe were conducted by the Rev. Mr. 
 Brooks, when the remains were taken charge 
 of by the Masonic fraternity and buried with 
 Masonic honors. 
 
CHAPTER XV 
 
 THE IiNITEl) STATES GOVEKNMENT IMPROVEMENTS OF LA TLAISANOE AND MONROE IIARHORS. 
 
 THE harbor of Monroe, Midiif^an, is situated 
 at the extreme westerly bend of Lake 
 Erie, about one and a half miles west of tiie 
 mouth of the River Kaisin and about three and 
 a half miles from the town of Monroe. 
 
 The attention of the General GovcriinK'nt 
 was first oalled to this loealitj- by the act olCon- 
 gress approved May 20, 182tJ, wherein an ap- 
 priation of 8200 was made for " The survey of 
 La Plaisanec Bay in the, Territory of Michigan, 
 to ascertain the expediency of improving the 
 navigation thereof and the expense of effecting 
 the same." 
 
 LaPlaisaiK'C Bav is situateil about two miles 
 to the southward of the present entrance to the 
 harbor of Monroe. The survey ordered by the 
 act of Congress was made b}' (/'aptain T. \V. 
 Maurice, of the Corps of Engineers, who re- 
 ported that the bay was broad and shallow, the 
 greatest depth available being nine or ten feet, 
 and that it was surrounded on all sides except 
 the lake by a marsh about one mile bi-oad. 
 Tlie River Eaisin, upon which the town of 
 Monroe is situated, was connected with the bay 
 near its head, but the navigable waters of the 
 river and baj' were separated by extensive 
 shoals. Tlie town of Monroe is connected with 
 the bay by a railroad about tour miles long. 
 
 Captain Maurice recommended the construc- 
 tion of a harbor of refuge at this locality by 
 building a breakwater of cribs filled witii 
 stone, at a cost of §C,206.C1. This plan was 
 approved and the sum of §3,977.81 was ap])ro- 
 priated to carry on the work. Operations 
 were commenced in the spring of 1828, and by 
 the close of September 1,050 linear feet of the 
 breakwater had been completed. It was the 
 opinion of Captain Maurice, however, that the 
 work should be extende<l for the proper pro- 
 tection of the harbor, and he recommended 
 the connection of the navigable waters of the 
 bay witii those of the River Jiaisin by means of 
 parallel piers and dredging. In 1829 a survey 
 12 [UV 
 
 was made to ascertain the practicabilitj* and 
 cost of uniting the bay and river as recom- 
 mended. An additional ajipropriation of 82,- 
 318 was made by the act of March 8, 182!t, and 
 the breakwater was extended 210 linear feet. 
 
 The works were completed in 18:i0, a break- 
 water 1,290 feet long having been constructed 
 at a total cost of S6, 21)1.85. This afforded pro- 
 tection to vessels di-awing from eight to nine 
 feet of water, but the engineer in cliarge again 
 called attention to the impracticability of com- 
 munication between the baj' and the River 
 Raisin for the oi'dinary class of vessels navigat- 
 ing the lake, and presented a plan and estimates 
 for opening communication between them. 
 On the 4th of October, 18:il, a violent gale 
 destroj'ed nearly the entire portion of the 
 breakwater that had been l)Milt by contract in 
 1828, but did not injure the ]iart subsequently 
 built by hired laboi-. The engineer in charge 
 asked for 87,841 to make the necessary repairs. 
 
 An ap])roprialion of 88,000 was made by the 
 act of July 3, 1832, and in September Captain 
 Henry Smith, of the United Stales Army, who 
 had succeeded to the charge of the harbor, made 
 a careful examination of the work; he found 
 that tlie whole of the breakwater, with the 
 exception of 200 feet, had been washed away 
 during the fall and winter of 1831, and that 
 the portion built by conti-act had been entirelj- 
 destroj'ed, leaving but a few stones to mark its 
 position. In 1833 eight liundredand forty feet 
 of new breakwater was constructed, and in 
 1834 an additional ajipropriation of §4,895 was 
 made by the act of June 28th ; but on account 
 of the prevalence of the cholera but little was 
 done during the year, and in 1835 the work 
 was prosecuted to completion. The break- 
 water was now 1,320 feet long, 12 feet wide, 
 and averaged ten feet in height. The total 
 cost was 819,014.87: The original pier cost 
 86,295 81, and the repairs and reconstruction 
 S12,719.0(i. Tiie work remained in good con- 
 
170 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 dition until 1838, when some slight damage 
 was done, and since that time no repairs of any 
 kind have been made. The improvement of 
 the present liarbor of Monroe having been 
 commenced, rendering La Plaisance Harbor no 
 longer necessarj-, the breakwater has gradually 
 been destroyed. 
 
 MONROE HARBOR. 
 
 It was seen at an eai-ly day, after work had 
 been commenced on La Plaisance breakwater, 
 tiiat the navigable waters of the Eiver Kaisin 
 siiould -be connected with those of the lake 
 and made available for all vessels tlien navi- 
 gating Lake Brie. Captain Maurice several 
 times I'eferred to this subject in his i-eports, 
 and in 1828 by direction of the chief of engi- 
 neers he presented a plan and estimate for 
 making direct connection between the river 
 and La Plaisance Bay. Captain Henry Smith, 
 of the United States Army, who succeeded 
 Captain Maurice, did not agree with him on this 
 subject, and in November, 1834, submitted to 
 the chief of engineers a plan for straightening 
 the Eiver Eaisin and making direct connection 
 with the lake. 
 
 Captain Smith in his report explained the 
 disadvantage of La Plaisance Harbor, shovved 
 how entirely it failed to carry out the end in 
 view and the great necessity for a direct con- 
 nection between the lake and the river. 
 
 The Eiver Eaisin has its source in Hillsdale 
 county, Michigan, and flows for about one 
 hundred and twenty-five miles, measured by 
 its channel, on a course generally easterly, 
 through a very fertile and productive country. 
 At the time the improvement of the river was 
 inaugurated it was considered one of the most 
 important streams in Michigan, not only on 
 account of its geographical position, but also 
 for its water power; it had contributed largely 
 towards the prosperit}- of many enterprising 
 towns along its banks. Monroe, which lies 
 about forty miles southwest of Detroit and 
 three and a half miles from the mouth of the 
 Eaisin Eiver, was at that time a place of some 
 prominence, with 3,000 inhabitants. 
 
 The plan of improvement proposed by (Cap- 
 tain Smith was to make a direct connection 
 with the lake by cutting a canal about 4,000 
 feet long and 100 feet wide through the penin- 
 sula called "Eiver Eaisin Point," from the 
 
 river directly north of House Island to the 
 lake; he jjroposed to protect the entrance into 
 the lake by parallel piers 726 feet long and 20 
 feet wide, running out to a depth often feet; 
 where the canal crossed Sandy Creeli be jno- 
 posed to close the south side and to turn the 
 creek into the canal. The estimated cost of 
 the whole work exclusive of the dredging ma- 
 chine was $55,885. 
 
 The first appropriation of $30,000 was made 
 by the act of February 24, 1835, antl the work 
 was commenced early in May of that year, 
 under the direction of the chief of engineers, 
 Captain H. Smith being in immediate charge. 
 About June 1st a large force of laborers was 
 employed, and operations were pushed with so 
 much vigor that during the season nearly one- 
 half of the entire length of the canal was ex- 
 cavated. 
 
 The officer superintending the work asked 
 for $60,660 to complete it, giving as a reason 
 for the excess over the original estimate, the 
 high price of labor and the cost of the dredg- 
 ing machine. 
 
 An appropriation of $1,500 was made by the 
 act of July 2, 183G. During this year the 
 oi^erations advanced satisfactorily, and were 
 directed as follows : To constructing perma- 
 nent dams on both sides of the canal to pre- 
 vent sliding and to secure them from the action 
 of the currents, wash of steamboats, etc. — this 
 work was finished along 1,880 feet of the canal 
 and pai'tially completed upon the remainder; 
 the excavation, which, with the exception of 
 a lew minor details, was completed upon 1,880 
 feet of the canal. The construction of the 
 piers on each side of the mouth of the canal 
 was completed to the distance of 450 feet into 
 the lake. These were built by hired labor and 
 purchase in the open market. The officer in 
 charge stated that it would require $61,351.50 
 to complete the work, in addition to former 
 appropriations. An appropriation of $30,000 
 was made by the act of March 3, 1837. The 
 revetment of the sides of the canal was nearly 
 finished and the excavation was continued, so 
 that by the close of the season 3,387 feet of 
 the canal was completed; the piers were car- 
 ried out to a depth of 10 feet, the south pier 
 being 597 feet and the north pier 515 feet in 
 length. It was, however, deemed necessary to 
 continue them out to a depth of 12 feet. 
 
 An appropriation of $1,500 was made by the 
 
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 171 
 
 act of July 7, 1838. Operations were con- 
 tinued upon the canal and piers ; 27,278 cubic 
 yards of earth were excavated from the canal 
 prism and from between the piers in the lake, 
 and about 19,000 j-ards yet remained to be re- 
 moved. The north pier was prolonged GO feet 
 and the .south pier 30 feet. It was also found 
 necessary to protect the lake shore on the 
 north side of the canal, where it was rapidlj' 
 wearini; away, by si.x cribs filled with stone, 
 and to rai.se the walls of the canal to pi'ovcnt 
 sand from being washed into the channel. 
 
 The officer in charge asked for $34,920 to 
 complete the whole work. Up to the close of 
 this 3'ear the entire ajipropriations made up to 
 date, amounting to §90,000, had been expended. 
 
 It will be observed fi-om the foregoing his- 
 tory that the improvement of this harbor was 
 commenced in 1827 at La Plaisance Bay, aban- 
 doned there in 1835, and begun in that year on 
 the present harbor. 
 
 The policy of the General Government in 
 regard to internal improvements was changed 
 four years after the work was commenced, and 
 with the exception of the appropriations in 
 1844 and 1852, which were devoted to repairs 
 and dredging, no further funds were availabii^ 
 until the year 1866. 
 
 An appropi'iation of $20,000 was made by 
 the act of June 11, 1844, and the work placed 
 in charge of C^aptain A. Canfield, of the Corps 
 of Topographical Engineers. An examination 
 of the harbor showed the piers to be in bad 
 condition, and that the lake was making in- 
 roads at the angles where the piers joined the 
 shoi'cs. Materials were collected for making 
 the necessary repairs, and in the following 
 summer the old piers were thoroughly re- 
 paired; 162 linear feet of the old sheet pile 
 pier was re])laccd by new cribwork ; the nortli 
 pier was extended 300 linear feet into the lake, 
 and the south pier 90 feet, but the superstruc- 
 ture upon this portion was not completed ; the 
 lake shore at the angles where the piers joined 
 it was protected by a strong cribwork to pre- 
 vent breaching; repairs were made to the re- 
 vetment of the United States canal where Sand 
 Creek emptied into it ; the artificial channel 
 was dredged wherever trouble occurred ; 11,684 
 cubic yards of mud, sand, etc., were removed, 
 and a depth of nine feet obtained up to a point 
 just below the docks at Monroe. An estimate 
 of 813,303.95 wassubmitted for completing the 
 
 unfinished work, prolonging the north piei-, 
 and putting in a pierhead. 
 
 No appro])riations were made nor any work 
 done between the years 1844 and 1852. 
 
 By the act of August 30, 1852, .S14,00(t was 
 appropriated, and the money disbursed in 18.53 
 bj' a local agent in the repairs of the piers. 
 Captain Howard Stansbury, of the to])ograph- 
 ical engineers, who assumed charge in 1854, 
 reported that the appropriation had been ex- 
 pended by the agent betbre he took charge, in 
 completing 400 feet of the south pier and par- 
 tially rebuilding 700 feet of the nortli pier. 
 The latter was hd't in an unfinished condition, 
 the style of workmanship being rough and de- 
 fective. He asked for an appropriation of 
 $19,537.77 to put the harbor in order. 
 
 In 1857 Lieutenant-Colonel (Jraliam re- 
 ported that the works were rapidlj- deteri- 
 orating, and asked for $23,857 to put them in 
 order. No action was taken upon this recom- 
 mendation, and nothing more was done until 
 1866. 
 
 In February, ISdO, Colonel and Brevet Major- 
 General T. J. (Jrain, of the Corps of Engineers, 
 made a survey of the harbor, and submitted a 
 re))ort with an estimate of the cost of the im- 
 provement. General Crain made a careful ex- 
 amination of the piei's and reported them to be 
 in a dilapidated condition. He recommended 
 that the north pier should be repaired for a 
 length of 665 feet, and the south pier for a 
 length of 180 feet. The heavy ice in the canal 
 and lake prevented an}- examination as to 
 depth. 
 
 Although the revetment of the banks of the 
 canal was decayed and broken. General Crain 
 did not think it necessary to rebuild it, as the 
 banks had now become quite solid. He esti- 
 mated that the cost of the work would be 
 $10,423.60. An appropriation of $31,015.27 
 was made by the act of June 23, 1866. 
 
 0])erations were carried on during the winter 
 of 1866 and 18G7, and the piers were put in 
 complete order. A survey of the channel in 
 the spring of 1868 showed a sufticient depth of 
 water for the retjuirements of the commerce of 
 Monroe. The total expenditure in rejiairs up 
 to June 30, 1868, was §20,425. 
 
 In April, 1869, Major Waller Mcl'arlaud, of 
 the Corps of Engineers, was assigned to the 
 charge of this harbor, and he recommended 
 that the bar at the entrance to the harbor 
 
172 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 should be dredged. During the year 38,000 
 cubic yards of sand were removed from the 
 channel, and a depth of 12 feet obtained over 
 the bar and through the United States canal 
 into the river. The shore of tlie lake at the 
 inner end of the north pier was protected by a 
 revetment to prevent the waters of the laice 
 from breaking through into the canal. 
 
 In A])ril,1871, Major McFarland was relieved 
 by Captain and Brevet Ijieutenant-Colonel G. 
 L. Gillespie, of the Corps of Engineers. An 
 elaborate survey of the hai'bor was made in 
 Septembei-, and Colonel Gillespie presented a 
 plan for obtaining a depth of 11 feet up to the 
 docks at Moni'oe at a cost of $15,600. 
 
 An appropriation of S10,000 was made by 
 the act of June 10, 1872, and in August the 
 work of dredging was commenced; 31,029 
 cubic yards of mud, etc., were removed, and a 
 depth of 11 feet up obtained, except in the 
 vicinity of the docks at Monroe, where rock 
 was found. At Cooley's Bar stiff clay was en- 
 countered. 
 
 Colonel GiUespie was relieved by Major and 
 Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Harwood in April, 
 1873. An approjn-iation of SI 5,000 was made 
 by the act of March 3, 1S7:'.. The piers were 
 put in complete order and the renewal of the 
 canal revetment was commenced. Colonel 
 Harwood asked for ■S5((,000 for comjilcting the 
 revetment. 
 
 Ad appropriation ofSlO, 000 was made by the 
 act of June 23, 187-t. Operations were con- 
 tinued upon the can:)l revetment, and 2,710 
 linear feet of it was rebuilt. 
 
 Colonel Harwood was relieved in .Tunc, 1S74, 
 by Lieutenant-Colonel and Brevet Colonel 
 Blunt, of the Corps of Engineers. An appro- 
 priation of SIO.OOO was made by the act of 
 March 3, 1875. During this 3ear work was 
 continued renewing the canal revetment, and a 
 channel was dredged through the outer bar; 
 1,()(J9 linear leet of revetment was renewed, and 
 18,(J70 cubic yards of sand removed trom the 
 channel at the entrance to the piers. 
 
 An appropriation of S5,000 was made by the 
 act of August 14, 187(). Lieutenant-Colonel 
 and Brevet Brigadier-General Michler relieved 
 Colonel Blunt of the cliarge of the harbor in 
 December, 1S7<). Operations were continued 
 during the season of 1877, renewing the canal 
 revetment, and 1,905 linear feet were rebuilt. 
 Some minor rejjairs were made to the jjiers. 
 
 An appropriation of $2,500 was made by the 
 act of June 18, 1878. A survey of the channel 
 was made between the lake and the docks at 
 Monroe, which showed that it had shoaled 
 ver}' much, and that a depth of 8 feet could not 
 be carried up to the docks. General Michler 
 was relieved by Major and Brevet Colonel John 
 M. Wilson, of the Cor])S of Engineers, in Decem- 
 ber, 1878. 
 
 Operations were commenced in March, 1879, 
 and by June both piers had been repaired and 
 1)12 linear feet of the canal revetment renewed. 
 An appropriation of S2,000 was made hy the 
 act of March 3, 1879. It was determined to 
 applj' it to dredging and to endeavor to make a 
 clear channel 100 feet wide and 9^ feet deep up 
 to the docks at Monroe. A contract was made 
 at 11 cents per cubic yard, and the work car- 
 ricil on in August and September; in the 
 pi'ogress of operations 12,370 cubic yards of 
 mud, sand, etc., 33 logs, 3 snags and 10 stumps 
 were removed, a depth of 11 feet gained up to 
 the inner end of the piers and of 10 feet from 
 thence up to the upper end of Willow Island, a 
 short distance below the docks at Monroe. 
 
 Early in September the dredge was moved 
 up near the docks at Monroe in order to exca- 
 vate to a depth of 10 feet within 50 feet of them, 
 but encountered rock, and after removing 472 
 yai'ds the work was found to be imprai-ticable 
 without blasting.* 
 
 Major Wilson continued in charge of the 
 work until 1882, and from 1882 to the present 
 time the work has been in charge of L. Cooper 
 Overman, Major of Engineers, United States 
 Ami}'. Appropriations have been made since 
 1879 as follows : 
 
 Appropriated l)y act of .Tune It, ISSO .^2,000 
 
 Appropriated by act of March 3, IS.Sl 1,000 
 
 Appropriated by act of August 2, 1882 1,000 
 
 Appropriated by act of August 5, 1880 2,000 
 
 These appropriations were expended in 
 minor repairs on the piers and canal revet- 
 ment. 
 
 The commerce at Monroe harbor by rea.son 
 of the (-ompetition of the railroads had become 
 so small that an appropriation was not strongly 
 advocated T>y the ITnited States Government 
 Engineer in charge, and he seems to have 
 been in doubt as to the best policy to be j)ur- 
 
 *The foregoing accounts of Monroe and La Plai- 
 sance Harbor iniprovements are taken from the (Jov- 
 ernment Report of 1880. 
 
HARHOR IMI'KOVEMENTS. 
 
 173 
 
 siR'il by tlio (iovorniiu'iit : To let the (!overii_ 
 inetit works lioro go to ilecuy :uid ruin, or keep 
 llii'in in repair for some future development at 
 this point. The returns of the customs collee- 
 tcir of arrivals and clearances of vessels at this 
 port showed that the amount of commerce to be 
 benefited was very small and certainly justified 
 the United States Engineer's position. But in 
 1887 the commerce at Monroe harbor suddenly 
 large!}' increased, the Westei-n I'tiion Tele- 
 graph Company having make this port the 
 distributing point for telegraiih poles for the 
 greater part of the I'nited States, and F. S. 
 Sterling & Co. having also established a large 
 business of the same character at the docks. 
 \'essels ari'iving with cai'goes of poles fre- 
 quently stranded on the bars in the river, and 
 a survej- showed thai bai's had formed at sev- 
 eral points, and that Monroe harbor was last 
 coming into disrc])ute with lake captains. The 
 citizens and common council, recognizing the 
 importance of having the obstruction in the 
 harbor removed to accommodate the new and 
 increasing business, sent tleneral George 
 Spalding, Hon. Harry A. Conant and Major 
 Gcoi'ge R. Hurd,as a committee to Washington, 
 J). C, to procure an ap])ropriation for the im- 
 |)rovenieiit of the harbor, and to have the same 
 insei-ted in the river and harbor bill then 
 jiending. The committee, with the assistance 
 of Mr. J. C Sterling, who accompanied them, 
 were successful in their efforts, and an ai)])ro- 
 priation of 85,(100 was made by the act of 
 August 11, 1888. 
 
 The total amount ajipropriated by the Gen- 
 eral (lovernmenl for the Monroe harbor and 
 I'nited States ship canal (including the S"), 000 
 a)ipropriation obtained by the committee) is 
 .SL'22,.Jl.-).27. 
 
 TIIK CITY C.\NAI.. 
 
 In 1S:!8 considerable damage was clone to llie 
 liarbiir at La F'laisance by a storm, and the 
 w<jik ((ininienced by the (lOneral Governnient 
 at.Monioe harbor and the I'nited States ship 
 canal progressed slowly. The citizens, desir- 
 ing that the work should be ]]ushcd more vig- 
 orously on the Government work, and I hat the 
 channel of the Hiver Haisin should be short- 
 ened and straightened at what is called Fisher- 
 men's Bend, by the building of the city canal 
 across the bend, a distance of about 1,:500 feet, 
 procured through the legislatui-e an amend- 
 
 ment to the citj' charter entitled -'An act to 
 amend an act to incorjjorate the city of Mon- 
 roe," approved April 0, A. D. 1838: 
 
 "The common council of the city of Monroe 
 are authorized to finish and complete the canal 
 and piers already commenced by the (!overn- 
 ment of the United States, connecting the 
 waters of the Kiver Raisin with Lake Krie, 
 together with proper piers and basins for said 
 canal within the limits of said city, and also to 
 improve the navigation of said i-iver within the 
 limits of said city by cutting through the 
 bends of said river, antl for that pur])ose are 
 authorized to rai.se a sum not exceeding fifty 
 thousand dollars bj' a direct tax upon the I'Cal 
 estate situate within the limits of said city, or 
 bj- a loan for that purpose to be effected, or by 
 both or cither of said wa)-s. The moneys so 
 rai.sed to be expended by five commissioners. 
 The said commissioners to l)e assessors and 
 sworn to assess the real estate in proportion as 
 in their opinion the same will be IxMiefited by 
 the expenditure of .said monej-, who shall be 
 chosen by the freemen of said city in legal 
 meeting assembled, provided that no such tax 
 be levied or loan effected unless a majority of 
 the taxable inhabitants of said city owning 
 lands in fee simple therein shall vote for or 
 assent to the levying of such tax or for effect- 
 ing such loan at a special meeting to be called 
 for such purpose by the clerk of said city, by 
 giving sixty days' previous notice of the time 
 and place of holding such meeting in the j)ublic 
 newspaper printed in said city." 
 
 On the 29th day of August, 1838, a poll of 
 the taxable inhabitants owning real estate in 
 fee simple in the city was taken at a public 
 meeting to ascertain the will of the taxable in- 
 habitants as to making a loan of 825,000 for the 
 purpose of completing the (iovernnient harlior 
 and canal, and improving the navigation of 
 the river by cutting a channel through the 
 bend of the river. The wliole number of votes 
 cast was 157, with 142 votes in favor of a loan 
 and 15 votes against it. It would ap])ear from 
 the returns that the real estate owners of the 
 city were almost unanimous for the loan and 
 the canal. But the records show that the o])])0- 
 sition was quite strong, and that the ]>artics 
 who were deeply interested in the project had 
 to resort to the expedient of convcj-ing small 
 parcels of land to numerous persons who were 
 
1Y4 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 in favor of the loan and wanted omployment on 
 the canal, making them liolders of real estate 
 in fee simple, and so qualified them to vote, 
 who otherwise would not have been entitled to 
 a vote on the question. 
 
 In September, 1838, the common council 
 appointed David A. Noble financial agent to go 
 to some of the Eastern cities for the purpose of 
 negotiating a loan of $25,000 on bonds to be 
 issued by the city, with full power to negotiate 
 the loan with any company, person or institu- 
 tion, in such manner as should appear to him 
 most for the advantage of the city. Mr. Noble 
 proceeded to the East immediately, and in Octo- 
 ber reported to the council as follows : 
 
 To the Honorable the Common Council of the 
 City of Monroe — 
 
 Gentlemen : In pursuance of the authority 
 conferred on me hy a resolution of your board 
 empowering me to negotiate a loan of $25,000 
 to complete the shij) canal and improve the 
 navigation of the River Eaisin, I proceeded to 
 Albany and New York tor the purpose of 
 effecting a loan for the city, and after spending 
 several days in those cities in endeavoring to 
 accomplish the object of my visit there, I 
 found that the situation of the nione^' market 
 was such that to effect a loan directly on any 
 Western securities was entirely impossible; 
 tiiat while for all the legitimate purposes of 
 commercial business mone}' was abundant and 
 obtained with the greatest facility, yet that 
 there was still an entire want of confidence in 
 all securities of the Western country generall}-, 
 and that money could not be raised upon them 
 directly without the greatest and most ruinous 
 sacrifices, even if at all. Under the circum- 
 stances, I deemed any fui'ther exertions to 
 effect a loan direct, as futile, and turned my 
 efforts to making an exchange of stocks, on 
 such favorable terms as I thought would be 
 acceptable to your board, and I found that I 
 could exchange the bonds of this city for the 
 stock of the North American Trust and Bank- 
 ing Company in the city of New York. The 
 stock of the institution, as stock, I knew this 
 city did not wish, and before completing any 
 arrangement with that institution, I proceeded 
 again to Albany and found that the Farmers 
 and Mechanics' Bank, of the city of Albany, 
 would take the stock of the North American 
 Trust and Banking Comjiany at par, and jjlace 
 
 to the credit of this city $25,000, to be drawn 
 for as fast as the money should be needed for 
 the progress of the work, allowing ten per cent, 
 interest on the balances from time to time not 
 drawn from the bank. The arrangement with 
 this institution was upon the condition that 
 Austin E. Wing, Esq., for himself, and as 
 trustee and agent for John P. Gush man, Jacob 
 D. Lan.sing, Lewis Cass, Job Pierson, Stephen 
 Warren, Thomas W. Olcott, George R. Davis, 
 William Porter and Edwin Croswell, should 
 enter into a guarantee to the Farmers and 
 Mechanics' Bank, of Alban}-, to make up to 
 that institution any deficiency that thei'e might 
 be on the sale, within a reasonable time, of the 
 stock of the North American Trust and Bank- 
 ing Company- below par, and those gentlemen, 
 with a promptness and public spirit which 
 cannot be too highly appreciated, came for- 
 ward and gave the bank assurances that such 
 guarantee should be given, and immediately 
 wrote to Austin E. Wing. Esq., who is jointly 
 interested with them in the purchase of lands 
 near the contemplated basin of the ship canal, 
 and their agent in reference to such lands, to 
 give on behalf of themselves and their com- 
 pany the required guarantee, and Mr. Wing 
 has executed the proj^er papers to complete the 
 arrangement with the Farmers and Mechanics' 
 Bank. Upon the basis above referred to, I 
 made an arrangementwith those institutions, 
 respectively, and all that remains now to be 
 done to perfect the arrangement and to realize 
 the money is to enclose the bonds of the city, a 
 form for which is hereunto submitted, with the 
 coupons thereto annexed, to Joseph D. Beirs, 
 Esq., the president of the North American 
 Trust and Banking Company, and that insti- 
 tution will issue stock to an equal amount, and 
 this stock to the amount of .S25,000 will be re- 
 ceived by assignment by the Farmers and 
 Mechanics' Bank at Albany, and that institu- 
 tion will place to the credit of this city that 
 amount of money to be drawn for. 
 
 Respectfully, 
 
 D. A. Noble. 
 
 In pursuance of the plan presented, the city 
 issued $25,000 in bonds, payable in twenty years, 
 with interest at seven per cent., payable semi- 
 annually, and the city undertook to guarantee 
 Austin E. Wing and others from any loss on 
 account of their guarantee in behalf of the city. 
 
HARBOR IMTROVEMENTS. 
 
 175 
 
 A large part of the nioiioy raised bj* tlio city 
 on its bonds was expended in completing tlie 
 Government canal. The citizens hoped tliat 
 Congress could be prevailed upon to refund to 
 the city the money so expended, but all efforts 
 to get a bill through Congress for that purpose 
 were unavailing. Taxeswere levied to pay the 
 interest on the bonds, the assessments being 
 made on the real estate Iti the city in propor- 
 tion as it was supposed it would be benefited by 
 tlie building of the canal. Money was very 
 scarce, and a great deal of real estate in the city, 
 especially that near the docks which had been 
 assessed very heavily, was leased to pay the 
 canal tax — the bidder who would pay the 
 canal tax for a lease of the property for the 
 shortest term of years receiving a lease from 
 the citj'forthe term bid. Some ofthe.se leases 
 run for ninety-nine years, and considerable 
 ])roperty is held underthe.se canal tax leases at 
 the present time. The commissioners were 
 unable to raise sufficient funds to meet the in- 
 terest on the bonds, and the common council 
 was compelled to issue new bonds for the semi- 
 annual interest as it matured, and to petition 
 the bondholders for leniency, and finally the 
 bondholders, believing that the citizens were 
 unable to meet their obligations and did not 
 possess sufficient resources to pay the bonds 
 in full, offei-ed a compromise. General Lewis 
 Cass, who held a large amount of the bonds, 
 took the lead in the matter, and a compromise 
 was effected at G2^ cents on the dollar. 
 
 In April, 1840, the canal commissioners made 
 a report to the council showing that at the 
 commencement of the work it was estimated 
 that the amount of excavation neces.sary to 
 construct a channel of suitable dimensions to 
 correspond with tlie canal constructed by the 
 United States, was com))uted at 55,000 cubic 
 yards, exclusive of the dams al eitlier end of 
 the canal, necessary to ]ireservothe work from 
 inundations during the progress of excava- 
 tions. The expense of excavation in the body 
 of the work was estimated at thirt}- cents per 
 yard, and removing the dams by dretlging 
 SI. 500, and that the commissioners believe<l 
 that the object of the commission would be 
 more fully secured by conducting the work 
 under their own supervision by the ap|joint- 
 ment of an acting commissioner, than by 
 accepting any proposals that were offered to 
 take the work by contract. The work was 
 
 accordingly commenced, and for some time pro- 
 gressed with, a reasonable prospect of an early 
 completion according to the original plan, and 
 at an expense somewhat within the estimate. 
 Their operations were suddenlj' arrested by 
 the failure of the banks which had on deposit 
 the unexpended portion of the fund which had 
 come into the hands of the commissioners, and 
 by the withholding of S2,000 of the loan by 
 the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, of Albany, 
 New York. At this time the whole of the 
 timber dams had been completed, and some- 
 tliing more than 45,000 cubic yards of earth 
 had been excavated. The amount of money 
 expended by the commission for materials, im- 
 provements, provisions and labor, was 820, COO. 
 
 The commission being without funds were 
 compelled to abandon the further prosecution 
 of the work, and they accepted the proposal of 
 George W. Strong of October 2, 1839, to take 
 the work by contract and complete the chan- 
 nel to the depth of eleven feet from the top of 
 the capping for $4,030.92, to be paid as follows: 
 Upon the execution of the contract, §1,411.78, 
 in property belonging to thefund and demands 
 due the fund from sundry individuals for pork 
 sold ; and upon the completion of the work a 
 draft upon the Bank of liiver Raisin for 
 S670.69, and upon the Merchants and Mechan- 
 ics' Bank of the city of Monroe for 82,535.45, 
 in full. The drafts and demands were to be 
 taken without any recourse whatever to the 
 commissioners of the canal fund or the cit}' of 
 Monroe. The work was to be completed by 
 the 15th of May following. 
 
 Little was accomplished for the next two 
 }'ears for the want of funds to carry on the 
 work. Petitions and memorials were sent to 
 the House and Senate frequentlj- from Monroe, 
 Adrian and surrounding towns, asking for an 
 ajipropriation. But the General Government 
 refused or neglected to make any further appro- 
 priation, and in 1842 the work was istill un- 
 completed, and the harbor at I^a Plaisancc in a 
 very bad condition. The city, feeling the neces- 
 sitj- of sufficient harbor improvements, decided 
 to bond the city for 610,000 to complete the 
 work. But the credit of the city was so poor 
 in the Kast that it was evident that the loan 
 could not be made in the monej' market and 
 must be taken at home, and Sl,00(t of the bonds 
 were issued in denominations as small as 85.00 
 and taken up bj' persons of small means. 
 
1T6 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 F'inally several ])atriotic citizens, David A. 
 Noble, Thomas G. Cole, Harry Conant, Dan. 
 B. Miller, William V. Studdeford, James Armi- 
 tage and Levi S. Humphrey came forward and 
 provided for the balance of the loan, $10,000, 
 and gave their personal obligation for $9,000. 
 
 The commissioners made a contract in 
 August, 1842, with Henry W. Canijibell and 
 George W. Strong for the completion of the 
 canal, Henry V. Disbrow acting as treasurer 
 of the canal fund and superintendent and sur- 
 veyor of the improvements. The canals were 
 completed in 1843; but from that time to the 
 present frequent dredging at certain points in 
 the channel has been necessary to keep it clear 
 and of sufficient depth for navigation. 
 
 Many attempts since then have been made 
 to increase the depth of water in the river and 
 canals. At one time the legislature made a 
 land grant of 5,000 acres for that purpose, and 
 in 1849 the plan of confining all the water in 
 the river to the canals and that part of tlie 
 river channel connecting them, by dammingthe 
 old river channels at the head of the canals, 
 and a wing dam at Barn Island to narrow the 
 channel and make the water cut its way 
 through Barn Island Bar, was adopted. A con- 
 tract was made with J. M. Sterling and William 
 A. Noble to construct four dams in accordance 
 with this plan, for which they were to receive 
 2,500 acres of the land grant. The dams were 
 built of spiles and plank, but did not remain 
 long enough to test the mei'its of the plan. 
 The ice raised them and they were carried out 
 with the first spring freshet. Isaac P. Chris- 
 tiancy, for 320 acres of land, offered the hull of 
 the old steamer Constitution to be used for a dam. 
 Judging from the records it would seem that 
 most of the schemes were proposed for the 
 purpose of obtaining the remaiudor of the land 
 grant, and that numerous patriotic citizens 
 were as much if not more interested in that 
 than in the im])rovement of the shipping 
 facilities and navigation. Finally Dan. B. 
 Miller got the remainder of the land grant for 
 building dams in the river at the ])oinls where 
 the railroad crossed the old channel. 
 
 There were five commissioners of the canal 
 fund elected every fall, and the contests were 
 at times quite spirited. As high as twenty of 
 the leading citizens were in the field at one 
 time as candidates. The five candidates re- 
 ceiving the highest vote were elected and con- 
 
 stituted the commissioners of the canal fund for 
 the jear. The following is a list of the names 
 of persons who held the office of canal com- 
 missioners : 
 
 1838 — John Bui-ch, Gershom Bulkle^-, Moses 
 B. Savage, James Hervey Miller, Chester 
 Stewart. 
 
 1839 — Gershom Bulkley, John Burch, Moses 
 B. Savage, James Hervey Miller, George W. 
 Strong. 
 
 1840 -Harry V. Man,Aliiheus Felcli, Charles 
 M. Humphrey, Luther Harvey, Jacob W. 
 Alexander. 
 
 1841 — Charles M. Humphrey, Wolcott Law- 
 rence, James Armitage, Enos Jackson, Walter 
 W. Prentice. 
 
 1842 — James J. Godfroy, Wolcott Lawi-ence, 
 Warner Wing, < Jarlos Colton, Henry Disbrow. 
 
 1843 — James J. Ciodfroy, Henry Disbrow, 
 Carlos Colton, Warner Wing, James Armitage. 
 
 1844 — James Ai'mitage, Jefferson S. Bond, 
 Titus Babcock, James E. Skinner, Obadiah 
 Spalding. 
 
 1845 -James E. Skinner, Titus Babcock, 
 Jefferson S. Bond, Obadiah Spalding, Norman 
 D. Curtis. 
 
 184C — Hiram Stone, John Burch, Charles 
 Noble, Charles G. John.son, Harry Conant. 
 
 John Mulhollen acted as collector of the 
 canal fund, and for several years his whole time 
 was occupied in collecting the canal tax and 
 selling lots and land returned as delinquent 
 for non-payment of the tax. 
 
 With all the modern appliances, the exca- 
 vating of a canal is a very simple matter; but 
 at that early day, witli the primitive methods 
 then in vogue, it was a great undertaking. 
 The greater part of the excavating was accom- 
 plished with the spade, shovel and wheelbar- 
 row, operated by the sons of the Emerald Isle, 
 a large number of whom were imported for the 
 express purpose from " York State." Bulk- 
 heads or dams were built at each end of the 
 canal, and earth partitions or bulkheads were 
 left at diflferent points as long as possible. The 
 sections so divided off were kept free from 
 water by horse-power pumps, as the work 
 progressed. After all the earth possible had 
 been removed from between the two dams 
 at the end of the canal, they were broken 
 through and the water let in, and the re- 
 mainder was excavated by means of a horse- 
 
o 
 
 o 
 
 OS} 
 
 O 
 
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 177 
 
 power dredge. The liorse-jiower dredge com- 
 plete consisted of two scows, one about 50 feet 
 long and 2.5 foot beam, with an opening similar 
 to a center board box about 6 feet wide and 25 
 feot long, and a little aft of the middle of the 
 scow. Through this opening a large scraper- 
 shaped excavator with loTigarnis wa.s operated. 
 The arms were secured at tlie after end of the 
 opening with pins, and were of sufficient 
 length 80 that the scraper could be let down 
 to the bottom of the canal to a depth of 12 or 
 14 feet in a position to scrape; the scraper was 
 connected with chains to a crank at the for- 
 ward part of the opening. 
 
 The other scow was im])rovi.<ed from an nld 
 scow that had been used in the coasting trade 
 to Toledo and Sandusky. A cap.slan was set 
 up in it so that it extended from the l)Ottoni of 
 the boat up through the deck. The drum, or 
 part around whicli the line wound, was on 
 deck. The four swee|)s to operate it were in 
 the hole, and were arranged so that a horse 
 could be hitched to each sweep, and tl.e horses 
 moving around in a cii'cic turned the ilruui on 
 deck. This scow was anchored securely in the 
 canal, and a line made fast to it ]«issed over a 
 sheave on the dredge scow a short distance otf, 
 and back around the drum, so as to give a 
 double purchase in towing the di'edgc scow. 
 
 When everything was in readiness, the 
 scraper was let down to the bottom of the 
 canal, the dredge scow made fast to the other 
 scow by passing a line over the sheave and 
 around the drum, the horses hitched to the 
 sweeps in the bole of the .scow. The hor.ses 
 then walked around with the sweeps and 
 wound up the line about the drum, steadily 
 di'awing the dredge scow forward and causing 
 the sci-aper to scrape along the bottom of the 
 canal and fill itself with dirt. When tiie crew 
 on the dredge scow thought tiie scraper was 
 full enough, they took hold of the crank and 
 with the chains attached to the .scraper hoisted 
 it up into the opening, as a center board is 
 raised in a sailing vessel, and then with long 
 poles poled the dredge scow off into the "old 
 river" channel, opened a dump or door in the 
 scraper and let the dirt out, then |iolod her 
 back again to the canal in position ready to 
 scrape up another load. A horse-power drt'dgo 
 of another patron was useil for a while, but the 
 one above described, invented by 11. W. Camp- 
 bell and used by Messrs. Campbell and Strong 
 
 in their work, was considered the best. It was 
 estimated that when the scraper was well tilled 
 every three linear feet of it contained a cubic 
 yard of earth. 
 
 In 1850 a committee consisting of II. V. 
 Man, C. G. Johnson, A. A. Kahiiicau, 1. K. 
 (irosvenoi' and R. O'Connor, were a))])ointed at 
 a ]iublic meeting to investigate into the true 
 financial condition of the city, it.s indebted- 
 ness, and if possible the causes of such indebt- 
 edness, in order that our citizens may hv 
 enabled in future to guard against a I'cpetition 
 of like evils. 
 
 I give below an extract from the re])ort of 
 the conmiittee in regard to the canal loan, 
 canal expenditures, etc., in order that the 
 present generation ma\- see Ihut il' we do not 
 manage our city government at the ])rescnt 
 time infinitely better than oui- fathers did, we 
 do fully as well, and that there are probably no 
 more jobs and politics in the city government 
 as it is now conducted than there were when 
 our forefathers held down the aldc^rmanic 
 chairs. 
 
 E.VTK.VCr FUOM ItEI'OKT. 
 
 It seems to have been contemplated when 
 the charter of our city was obtained in the 
 year 1837, to procure a loan or vote a tax for 
 the completion of the ship canal previously 
 commenced by the General (iovernment, as we 
 tind in the act of incorporation provision made 
 for a loan or tax, not exceedi ng .S50,000. A move- 
 ment was made in 1838 under this authority. 
 The first step taken by the council, after a vote 
 in its favor purporting to have been made by 
 the people, was on the 20th day of August, 
 183S. appointing an agent to proceed Hast to 
 negotiate a loan of 825,000. This was effected 
 by said agent by an exchange of the bonds of 
 the city lor the stock of the North American 
 Trust and Banking Company of the city of 
 New York for a simil.ir amount. The stock' of 
 the Trust Company was then jdetiged to the 
 Mechanics and Farmers' Bank, of Albany, and 
 a loan obtained of S25,0lt0, .said stock being 
 held as collateral .security and the city said to 
 be responsible for the depreciation that might 
 arise from a fall in the market value of the 
 same. A further guaranty was reiinired hy the 
 l>ank at Albany and cl.iimed to have been 
 given in behalf of the city by several gentle- 
 men residing at Ti-oy and Albany, they being 
 owners of property near the present lan<liiig 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and in tlie vicinity of the spot whore the said 
 loan was proposed to bo expended — not, liow- 
 ever, for the full amount thereof, but limited to 
 $10,000, as appears by tlie record on the 22d of 
 October following. The powers given to the 
 agent seem to have been broad, for, in the 
 words of the resolution " The common council 
 say they do hereby invest hi'm (the agent) with 
 all the powers and authority invested in them 
 (the council) by the charter of the city and the 
 amendments thereto, so far as relates to the 
 negotiation of said loan." Thus it will appear 
 that while it was necessary under tlie hiw to 
 obtain a vote of the people for a loan of 
 $25,000, the council by their subsequent ap- 
 proval of this arrangement, seem to have vir- 
 tually contracted a debt of a much larger sum; 
 for the stock of said Trust Company has been, 
 at times, of scarce any value, and at the present 
 day is quoted at about ninety per cent, below 
 par. Had the loss of this stock fallen on the 
 city, as it might have done, if it was liable, 
 certainly to the extent of $10,000 if not to the 
 whole sum, it would have rendered the evils of 
 our situation much greater, and ought to serve 
 as a caution in future to reject altogether any 
 proposition to involve the city in debt. A 
 compromise was made, and the city was finally 
 relieved from those demands by relinquishini^ 
 their claim upon the bank at Albany for 
 $2,000 of the loan which had been withheld by 
 them on that account. It is proper here to 
 state that it was claimed by the agent who 
 negotiated the loan, that the city was not to be 
 held accountable for the lessor depreciation on 
 the stock before referred to. But subsequent 
 proceedings go to show that other parties to 
 the contract thought differently, and the final 
 action appears to confirm it. The committee 
 are, however, of the opinion that the proceed- 
 ings were illegal from first to last 
 
 On or about the 27th of October, 1838, the 
 commissioners of the canal fund were informed 
 that the money was subject to their draft, and 
 the work was commenced. The treasurer's 
 accounts on the 4th of November, 1838, show 
 a credit of $23,000, drawn from the bank at 
 Albany or transferred to the credit of the Bank 
 of Eiver Raisin and the Merchants and Me- 
 chanics' Bankof Monroe. At a meeting of the 
 commissioners on the 4th of November, 1838, 
 proposals were made by Luther Harvey and 
 others to take the contract for the work, esti- 
 
 mated at 55,000 cubic yards, at 40 cents per 
 yard, amounting to the sum of $22,000. This 
 proposition was rejected, two members of the 
 board dissenting. One of them, the acting 
 commissioner, believing -that it would have 
 been more judicious to let the work by con- 
 tract, resigned his appointment. The board 
 then proceeded with the work under their own 
 supervision, appointing another acting com- 
 missioner, and placing in his hands the sum of 
 $5,000 to expend on the same. A proposal 
 was submitted at this time by the River Raisin 
 Bank and Merchants and Mechanics' Bank for 
 the use of the funds, $15,000, to be put to the 
 credit of the former, and $10,000 to that of the 
 latter, they to jjaj' the agent of the cit}- for his 
 services in negotiating said loan, but not to pay 
 any interest. This proposition seems to have 
 been accepted. The committee can see no 
 good reason why this money was withdrawn 
 from the bank at Alban}- and deposited in the 
 banks here, as by the report of the agent the 
 city was to have been allowed interest at the 
 rate of two per cent, by the bank at Albany. 
 Eastern drafts at that time were at an un- 
 usually high rate of premium, the profit of 
 which was thus given to those banks. A sum 
 in all probability equal to $2,000, if not much 
 more, was thus relinquished for their benefit. 
 How much they paid the agent for his services 
 does not appear. The banks did agree by 
 their proposals to pay out on the works the 
 bills of specie-paying banks. How ftir this was 
 complied with the committee are unable to 
 say ; but it is reasonable to suppose that they 
 availed themselves of every opportunity to pay 
 out their own notes instead thereof, the differ- 
 ence being very great, as there was at this 
 time a general suspension of specie payments, 
 and but one or two banks in the State contin- 
 ued to redeem their notes. 
 
 Up to the 13th of August, 1839, the board 
 had expended in all upon the work the sum of 
 $19,611.40, when it was ontirel}- arrested in its 
 further progress by the failure of the Mer- 
 chants and Mechanics' Bank, and soon alter by 
 the River Raisin Bank. In the former at the 
 time of its failure there remained the sum of 
 $2,033.45, and in the latter the sura of $755.12. 
 The Bank of Albany had also at this time re- 
 fused to pay the balance of the loan, being 
 $2,000 before alluded to, alleging that the stock 
 of the Trust Company had depreciated, and 
 
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS. 
 
 179 
 
 claiming the difference of tlie city. Thus it 
 will be seen that more than one-fifth of the 
 loan was at a critical time rendered unavail- 
 able to the prosecution of the work, causing 
 b}- its interruption great injury, no doubt, to 
 that which had been done. On the 7th of 
 April, 1840, the board presented a report of 
 their doings, and claimed to have finished 
 45,000 cubic yards out of 55,000 as estimated 
 for the whole work, and say " but for the stop- 
 page of the banks the loan would have been 
 more than sufficient to finish the entire work." 
 About 85,000, say they, would bo more than 
 sufficient to finish the entire work. Yet that 
 sum has been expended with S14,(l00 more by 
 sub.seiiuent taxation, and still it is not entirely 
 fini.'^hcd 
 
 We present below an abstract ofliie amount 
 expended up to this period, and invite the at- 
 tention of our fellow-citizens to the fact that so 
 small a proportion appears to have been paid 
 out for actual labor on the work. It is a fact 
 that is to be taken into consideration when we 
 are asked to vote for tliis or that appropriation 
 and it is desirable to know how much of anj- 
 sum is necessarily absorbed in preliminary 
 proceedings, or consumed in injudicious man- 
 agement of public affairs. 
 
 Ab'lracl of amounts expended out of Canal Fund to date, 
 August 13, 1849. 
 
 Interest for six months on loan.. S 87.') 00 
 
 Travelin<; expenses of agent 200 25 
 
 Council fees 70 50 
 
 Piiuting _. 47 00 
 
 Postage 15 75 
 
 OUieers and superintendents.. - 2,049 02 
 
 Surveying ._ 23 G3 
 
 $3,281 75 
 
 Pork, pork barrels and salt |4,.555 06 
 
 Deduct pork sold 885 9G 
 
 3,f)(;!i 10 
 
 Flour $ 058 00 
 
 Beef 47 75 
 
 Potatoes 71 18 
 
 Beans 48 75 
 
 Groceries 387 ()7 
 
 1,213 35 
 
 Blankets and dry goods $ :',5t'> 15 
 
 Crockery 48 30 
 
 Wood 130 25 
 
 534 70 
 
 Hardware $ 351 49 
 
 Blacksmithing 238 08 
 
 Stationery G 91 
 
 Wheelbarrows 22G 25 
 
 Boat 8 00 
 
 Timber, lumber, etc 2 052 02 
 
 2,882 75 
 
 Labor 7,997 63 
 
 Sundries 32 12 
 
 119,611 40 
 
 An examination of tlie foregoing items will 
 pre.sent the following result: A loan in the 
 hands of the commissioners of the canal fund, 
 of §25,000, disposed of as follows: 
 
 Official services, counsel fees, print- 
 ing, etc. $2,40() 75 
 
 Interest on loan 875 00 
 
 Pork and other provisions 4,882 45 
 
 Blankets, dry goods, etc. 534 70 
 
 Material, lumber, etc 2,915 87 
 
 Labor 7,997 G3 
 
 Deposited in broken banks and 
 
 withheld on pretense of claims 5,388 GO 
 
 $25,000 
 
 Thus it appears that out of the large sum of 
 S25,000 onl)- §7,097.03 was paid out in money 
 for labor, 82,882.75 for material, etc., 85,417.15 
 for pork, provisions, Idankets, etc., leaving 
 about 82,400 consumed chiefly in salaries in a 
 period of time but little over nine months. 
 Among the items of provisions we observe an 
 extraordinary disbursement for pork. We can 
 conceive of no ju.sl excuse for such an appro- 
 priation of the funds of the city. Was it a 
 speculation entered into in its behalf? This 
 cannot be supposed, for we find no authoritj- 
 for such an operation. It might have been 
 considered a safe investment, and perhaps 
 proved better than a deposit in the banks; yet 
 it was an inconvenient sort of currency. It 
 would not have been necessary- for the prose- 
 cution of the work, as at all times money has 
 been much more available for labor than any 
 description of dicker. The accounts show that 
 some of it was sold to the merchants in town, 
 and, as the committee believe, a portion of it 
 was ultimately lost. 
 
 After the failure of the banks, it would ap- 
 pear that nearly a year elapsed before any- 
 thing more was done on the work. On the 2d 
 of November, 1840, George W. Strong made 
 application to the board, and they concluded a 
 contract with him to comjilctc the canal on the 
 following terms, viz. : 
 
 In personal property in hands of coniiiiis- 
 
 sioners ". *770 90 
 
 In debts due them 640 88 
 
 Balance in River Raisin Bank — 670 69 
 
 Balance in Merchants and Mechanics' Bank 2,533 45 
 
 ^4.1115 !i2 
 
 to be paid to him upon the I'omjdetion thereof 
 by drafts on said banks, which he was to take 
 in payment whether paid by the banks or not. 
 This was a favorable contract for the city under 
 the circumstances, but if the meansof the board 
 
180 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 had l)cen in their own hands instead of insolv- 
 ent banks the}' eould doubtless have effected a 
 much moi-o favorable contract. 
 
 On the 29th of August, 1843, the council 
 made another contract with Mr. Strong, associ- 
 ated with Mr. Campbell, for the further pros- 
 ecution of the work or completion thereof, for 
 the sum of $7,250, to be paid f500 in advance, 
 $5,000 as the work progressed, and $1,750 out 
 of a tax to be collected thereafter. This con- 
 tract was based upon the expectation of a vote 
 of the freeholdci'S authorizing another loan of 
 $10,000. The same was obtained on the 11th 
 of October following; but instead of a loan an 
 issue was made of bonds, which were in fact 
 paid out upon the contract. There was a form 
 of borrowing and lending, yet there was no 
 money passing. Of tiiis loan of $10,000, levied 
 and collected by special tax upon the people in 
 the year 1843, to pay the bonds last above re- 
 ferred to, the following is the disposition : 
 
 Interest on tirst loan $ 7ii5 (i9 
 
 Printing 31S 84 
 
 Stationery 15 41 
 
 Salaries and other services 1,342 66 
 
 Hedeui|)tion of bonds 12 50 
 
 S2,4S5 10 
 
 CainplH'll & Strong, on contract 4,s70 01) 
 
 Excavator |.urcliascd of Campbell &Strong- 1,(1(10 00 
 Exfifiided at Bar Point (uuler direction of 
 
 Mr. Disbrow 1,.S04 94 
 
 !i;10,160 04 
 The surplus was probably out of city funds. 
 By the preceding statement it will be seen that 
 out of said tax of $10,000, there was paid to 
 Campbell and Strong upon their contract only 
 $4,870, leaving due to them, when it should be 
 completed, the sum of $2,380, to be i-ai.sed by 
 another tax or i)aid out of other funds than 
 those proviiled for it. In adtliti(jn to this, 
 Messrs. Gamjjbell & Strong presented the fol- 
 lowing account on the ISth of February, 18(^5 : 
 
 Extra work and hinderance by washing of 
 banksin consequence of running boats__ $2,009 64 
 
 Extra work upper end of canal 222 ;!2 
 
 Lost time and damage in eonsefjuence of 
 injunction 200 00 
 
 Discount on funds received 560 00 
 
 $2,901 06 
 Of these items the council allowed $1,654.82. 
 These sums must have di'awn heavily upon 
 subsequent appropriations for the canal, and 
 finally, as we believe, upon the general taxes of 
 the city. 
 
 The sum expended at Bar Point under the 
 direction of H. Disbrow consisted of the fol- 
 lowing items : 
 
 Superintending, &c $197 50 
 
 Surveying 8 00 
 
 Boat - 2 25 
 
 Timber, c*tc 10 02 
 
 Rope, tools, &c 168 76 
 
 Repairs of dredge 15 30 
 
 Board 22 00 
 
 Labor on work 1,381 11 
 
 $1,804 94 
 When the settlement of this and the preced- 
 ing con tract of the city with Campbell & Strong 
 took place, they were to have been paid the 
 balance due them by agreement, in leases and 
 canal bonds to the amount of $1,438.0(5. 
 
 Instead thereof they received in 
 canal lionds $400 00 
 
 Leases 266 23 
 
 City orders 771 83 
 
 $1,438 06 
 
 Also, the further sum allowed 
 them for interest on their ac- 
 count 143 30 
 
 And it here will be noted that a sum that 
 should and onlj- could be legally raised by a 
 vote of the people, is taken out of the general 
 fund and thus collected from personal prop- 
 erty, which is not holden under the law for 
 any i>art of such expenditures. 
 
 Another loan, or rather tax, is voted by the 
 willing people on the 17th of March, 1848, of 
 $4,000, and a contract -immediately made with 
 11. W. Campbell for the completion of the 
 work again lor $4,000. An additional allow- 
 ance was subsequently made to him of $104,79 
 for discount on funds previously paid to him, 
 upon which he claims to have sustained a loss 
 of ten per cent., but wliich the committee are 
 assured, a large part was used by him at the 
 j)ar value thereof The final payments of the 
 balance, amounting to $1,200, due to Messrs. 
 Strong & Campbell and to H. W. Campbell on 
 their several contracts, was paid only a few 
 days ago (February 7, 1850), out of the taxes 
 collected lor 1849. 
 
 This is a brief history of the amount loaned 
 for canal purposes, or raised by direct tax upon 
 the inhabitants, for the prosecution of the work, 
 the several contracts founded ujiou the .same, 
 atid the manner in which the money has been 
 disposed of. 
 
CII AFTER XVI. 
 
 TIIK TOr.Kno WAK. 
 
 UNDER the onlinancc of 1787, the tcrritoiy 
 nortliwest of the Ohio Rivor was given a 
 teinporaiy i;ovennneiit iiiuior liie name of the 
 Territory of the Northwest. It embraced 
 what now constitutes the States of Ohio, Michi- 
 gan, Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. In 179G, 
 tlie Northwest Territory was composed of five 
 counties, with names and boundaries as fol- 
 lows: Wayne — including the settlements on 
 the Maumee, Raisin and Detroit Rivers, with 
 its seat of justice at Detroit: Washington — 
 comprising all that portion of the present State 
 of Oiiio within fortj' miles of the Ohio river 
 and between the Litile Miami and Aluskingum 
 rivers, with Marietta for its county seat; Ham- 
 ilton — embracing the region between the Little 
 and the Great Miami, and within forty miles 
 of the Ohio, witli Cincinnati as the seat of 
 justice; Knox — containing the country' near 
 to the Ohio and between the (ireat Miami and 
 the Wabash Rivers, having Vincennos as its 
 county seat; and St. Clair — embracing the 
 settlements upon the Illinois and Kaskaskia 
 Rivers, as well as those upon the Upper Mis- 
 sissippi, the scat of justice being at Kaskaskia. 
 By the ordinance of 1787, it was provided, 
 that when a State should be formed of the east- 
 ern portion of the Territory, it would include 
 the territory " lying north of line drawn east 
 and west, through the .southern extreme of 
 Lake Michigan," which should remain a por- 
 tion of such Slate until such territory should 
 contain GO, 000 inhabitants. In disregard of 
 this provision, however, the enabling act of 
 Congress (1802) providing for the organization 
 of the Stale of Ohio, fixed the northern bound- 
 ary of the pro])Osed State on the line above 
 mentioned, whcrebj- what is now Miciiigan 
 was excluded from the proposed State and 
 attached to the Territory of Indiana, with its 
 seat of government at Vinccnnes, a distant and 
 very inconvenient point. This was very un- 
 satisfactory to the inhabitants of tiiat region, 
 
 who protested positively against it. It was 
 not long, however (1805), before the Territory 
 of .Michigan was eslalilislu'd, with its capital at 
 Detroit. 
 
 There were several questions growing out of 
 and connected with the organization of the 
 State of Ohio, which co-operated to cause mis- 
 understanding and unkind feelings l)etweeii 
 the people of what is now Ohio and those of 
 Michigan. In the first place, the gonei-al senti- 
 ment seems to liave been that the movement 
 for the formation of a State Government was 
 premature and unwise. It was not the act oi' 
 the territorial legislature or of the people, as in 
 other like cases, but solely that of Congress, 
 not only without suggestion by the local 
 authorities, but against their known will, and 
 upon the petition of a few individualssjieaking 
 only for themselves. As already suggested, 
 this state of things was then Ijelieved to be due 
 to partisan ends sought in the formation of the 
 State. Judge Burnet in his " Notes on the 
 Northwestern Territory" says that so strong 
 was the popular feeling ag:iinst Jefferson and 
 for Mr. Adams iu the bitter contest of 1800, 
 that there were in Hamilton county but four 
 persons known to him as 8up])orting the former, 
 to wit: Major David Zeigler, William Henry 
 Harri-son (afterwards President), William Mc- 
 Millan and John Smitli. The feeling in Wayne 
 countj% now Michigan, if anything, was even 
 more decided in the same direction. 
 
 But the most serious of the results of ihe 
 separation of Wayne county from Ohio in 
 1802, are not found in the partisan divisions of 
 that day. They were developed in the ijuos- 
 tion of boundary, which assumed grave magni- 
 tude several years later. Of this, it will be 
 fitting here to make as brief a statement as 
 may be consistent with a pro|ier undcrslan<liiig 
 of its merits: 
 
 1. As already stated, b^- the ordinance of 
 1787, creating the Territory Northwest of the 
 
 [181] 
 
182 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Ohio, the line provided for the northern 
 boundary of the State to be formed of that ter- 
 ritory (subsequent!}' the State of Ohio) was 
 "an cast and west line, drawn through tlie 
 southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michigan." 
 
 2. B3' the enabling act. of Congress, under 
 whicli the State of Oliio was organized in 1802, 
 the northern boundary of the same was stated 
 as " an east and west line drawn througli the 
 southerly extreme of Lake Michigan." 
 
 3. The State constitution, formed under said 
 authoritjr, declared the northern boundary of 
 the State to be " an east and west line, drawn 
 througli the southerly extreme of Lake Mielii- 
 gan, running east," "until it shall intersect 
 Lake Erie or the territorial line ; 
 
 " Provided, That if the southerl}' bend or ex- 
 treme of Lake Michigan should extend so far 
 south that a line drawn due east from it would 
 not intersect Lake Erie, or if it should inter- 
 sect Lake Eric east of the mouth of the Miami of 
 the Lake (the Maumee River), tlien and in that 
 case, with the assent of Congress, the northern 
 boundary of this State shall be established by, 
 and extending to, a direct line running from 
 the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to 
 the most northerly cape of the Miami (Maumee) 
 Bay, after intersecting the due north line from 
 the mouth of the Great Miami River." 
 
 As will be seen the question of boundary 
 thus presented rested on what should prove to 
 be the eastern termination of a line drawn due 
 east from the extreme of Lake Michigan, the 
 uncertainty as to which seems to have been 
 recognized by the Ohio convention and care- 
 fully provided against in fixing the northern 
 line of the proiJosed State. In his " Notes," 
 Judge .Jacob Burnet, a prominent and active 
 member of that convention, and subsequently 
 a United States Senator from Ohio, says it was 
 generally known to those who had consulted 
 the maps of the Western country extant at the 
 time the ordinance of 1787 was j^assed, that 
 Lake Michigan was represented thereon as 
 far north of the position which it has since 
 been ascertained to occujjy. On a map in the 
 State Department, which was the guide of the 
 committee of Congress who framed the ordi- 
 nance of 1787, the southern extreme of that 
 lake was laid down as near the -ISd degree of 
 north latitude; and there was a pencil line 
 jjassing through the southern bend of the lake 
 to the Canada line, which intersected the strait 
 
 between the River Raisin (Monroe) and De- 
 troit. Judge Burnet says "that line was mani- 
 festly intended by the committee and by Con- 
 gress, to be the northern boundary of this 
 State; and on the principles on which courts 
 of chancery construe contracts, accompanied 
 by plats, that map and the line marked on it 
 should have been taken as conclusive evidence 
 of the boundary, without reference to the actual 
 ])osition of the southern extreme of the Lake." 
 During the session of the Ohio convention, 
 says the same authority, it was the common 
 understanding that the maps in use wore not 
 correct, and that the line should terminate at 
 some point on the strait, far above Maumee 
 Bay. But while the matter was under discus- 
 sion, a man who had hunted many years on 
 Lake Michigan, and thus was well acquainted 
 with its position, happened to be at Chilli- 
 eothe, and in conversation mentioned that the 
 lake extended further south than was generally 
 supposed ; and that a map he had seen placed 
 its southern bend manj' miles north of its true 
 jjosition. Tlie effect of such statement was 
 serious appi-ehension on the subject, and led to 
 the change of line from that named in the en- 
 abling act to the one set forth in the State 
 constitution. 
 
 It is said that this change at the time was 
 regarded as so serious a matter that some 
 members of the convention hesitated to adopt 
 it, lest it be rejected by Congress and the ad- 
 mission of the State into the Union thereby be 
 postponed. But it was finally adopted and 
 subsequently approved by Congress, in the 
 acceptance of the State with its boundary so 
 fixed. Major B. F. Stickney says the man who 
 gave the information at Chillicothe in regard 
 to Lake Michigan's real position, was named 
 Wells, and that he had been long a prisoner 
 with the Indians in that region, and had thus 
 become (amiliar with the facts. 
 
 The declaration of war with England, which 
 followed in June, postponed action in this mat- 
 ter beyond the passage of a resolution by 
 Congress directing a survey of the boundary 
 line to be made. No steps to that end wei'e 
 taken until 181G-17, when Governor Cass in 
 behalf of Michigan, took measures to secure a 
 survey. The consent of the Indians, wbo yet 
 held most of the countr}' through which the 
 line would pass, was obtained by Major B. F. 
 Stickney, by request of Governor Cass, when 
 
THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 183 
 
 the General Land Office directed a siirvej'- 
 or (Williiim Harris) to run the line. When 
 this was aecoinpiished, it was discovered by 
 Governor Cass that the Land Office had fur- 
 nished the surveyor with a copy of the con- 
 stitution of Ohio, instead of the ordinance of 
 1787 or the enabling act of 1802, for his guide. 
 To this Governor Cass made vigoi-ous protest 
 and complaint, when President Monroe directed 
 a second line to be run due east from the 
 southern extreme of Lake Michigan. John A. 
 Fulton was the surveyor in this case. Hence, 
 we have the " Harris line,' as claimed b}' Ohio ; 
 and the " Kulton line," as claimed on the part 
 of Micliigan. 
 
 While the important (jucstion raised by tlie.se 
 two lines was at the time recognized in Con- 
 gress, as well as in Ohio and in Michigan, no 
 steps were taken toward settling it for many 
 years tliereafter. Meantime, the disputed ter- 
 ritory continued largely under the jurisdiction 
 of Michigan. Now and then the matter would 
 come up, as in 1821, when the assessor of 
 Waynesfield township, Wood county-, Ohio, 
 undertook to list for taxation the property of 
 settlers between the Harris and Fulton lines. 
 
 It was not until the northern outlet of the 
 Miami and Erie Canal came up for decision, 
 that the boundary question assumed an import- 
 ance which could challenge the attention of the 
 residents. The connection of the two matters 
 will be seen from the fact, as then assumed, 
 that the most desirable point for such terminus 
 was at Toledo, within the disputed territory. 
 The thought of Ohio constructing so expensive 
 a channel of trade, and then turning its traffic 
 into a Michigan port, was not to be enter- 
 tained ; while Michigan, no doubt, was not a 
 little anxious to avail herself of whatever ad- 
 vantage might thus be derived from a neigh- 
 bor's necessity. 
 
 Jieterring to this feature of the controversy, 
 Mr! Andrew Palmer, among the most promi- 
 nent and influential of citizens of Toledo in 
 support of Ohio's claim, says it should be noted 
 that this was before the utility of railroads 
 had measurably superseded canals; and that 
 there was among the earlier settlers of Toledo 
 a strong conviction that their success in build- 
 ing up a town depended largely upon secur- 
 ing the terminus of the Wabash and Erie Canal 
 — a work in which Inilianaand Ohio were then 
 about to embark. Coupled with this convic- 
 
 tion was the belief that there was a strong in- 
 fluence being exerted at Detroit and Monroe 
 to thwart them in their efforts to build up a 
 town at Toledo ; that such was the chief motive 
 for the adverse action of Miciiigan to theclaim 
 of Ohio to the disputed territorj', including the 
 commercial harbor at the moutii of the Maumee; 
 and that such influence was sufficient to con- 
 trol the authorities of Michigan. Such feeling 
 on the part of Detroit and Monroe, it was be- 
 lieved, had its source in the appi'ehensioii that 
 should a commercial town grow up at Toledo 
 it would seriously cripple the trade of those 
 points, by taking from them the interior trade 
 on which their growth so largely depended. 
 On the other hand, Mr. Palmer says that the 
 consideration which induced these Michigan 
 rivals to desire to get Toledo from Ohio, oper- 
 ated with evengreater force upon the people of 
 Toledo to see their j'oung town permanentl3' 
 fixed in Ohio. In this way he would explain 
 much of the excessive zeal manifested by 
 them in support of Ohio's claim. 
 
 A public meeting was held at Toledo in No- 
 vember, 1834, to consider the matter of the 
 boundary question, and more specially to in- 
 duce such action on the part of Ohio as should 
 assert and maintain her proper jurisdiction 
 over the disputed territory. The prevailing 
 sentiment on that occasion was in that direc- 
 tion, but it was not unanimous. Michigan was 
 not without its supi)orters there. Among these 
 was Captain .Samuel Allen, who gave reasons 
 why he favored the claim of Michigan. He 
 said the geographical jjosition of Toledo iden- 
 tified it in interest with and made it properly 
 a part of Michigan. The Black Swamp, l3'ing 
 at the east and south, practically cut off Toledo 
 from Ohio, with which for manj- j-cars there 
 could be but little communication. On the 
 other hand, the town lay immediately on the 
 border of the most improved ])ortion of Mich- 
 igan, with which it was already" in direct com- 
 munication by water, by railroad and other- 
 wise. In Michigan, Toledo would become " the 
 pet" of the Territory and of the State soon to 
 be formed. To such strong points was opposed 
 the single consideration of the canals then in 
 contemplation, which, as claimed, would come 
 to Toledo if Toledo should be in Ohio, but not, 
 if in Michigan. The thought of permitting the 
 advantages to arise from these improvements 
 to inure to Toledo's rivals — Maumee and 
 
1S4 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Perrysburs — fully overcame Captain Allen's 
 arffuments^and controlled the sense of the meet- 
 ing and its action in support of Ohio's claim. 
 
 In accordance with his promise, Governor 
 Lucas called the attention of the legislature 
 to the importance of prompt measures for as- 
 suminff jurisdiction over the territory in ques- 
 tion, a"nd with such effect, that on the 23d of 
 February, 1835, that body passed a law, assert- 
 ing the claim of Ohio to all territory south of the 
 Harris line,and a purpose to enforce such claim. 
 The same act provided for the appointment 
 of three commissioners, to run and re-mark 
 the Harris line. Uri Seely, of Geauga county ; 
 Jonathan Taylor, of Licking, and John Patter- 
 son, of Adams, were appointed for such service, 
 which was to begin April 1, 1835. 
 
 These proceedings on the part of tlie Ohio 
 authorities, of course, did not fail to attract the 
 attention of those of Michigan. The Secretary 
 and Actin- Governor of that Territory (Stevens 
 T. Mason) promptly sent to the legislative 
 council a special message, apprising that body 
 of what was going on in Ohio, and advising 
 action for defending what was assumed to be 
 Michigan's claim in the case. The council re- 
 sponded on the 12th of February, in the enact- 
 ment of a law, providing, " that if any person 
 shall exercise or attempt to exercise any official 
 functions, or shall officiate in any office or situ- 
 ation within any part of the present jurisdic- 
 tion of this Territory, or within the limits of 
 any of the counties therein, as at this time or- 
 ganized, by virtue of any commission or author- 
 fty not derived from the Territory or under 
 the Government of the United States, every 
 such person so offending, shall, for every such 
 offense, on conviction thereof before any court 
 of record, be puni.shed by a fine not exceeding 
 one thousand dollars, or by imprisonment at 
 hard labor not exceeding five years, or both, at 
 the discretion of the court.'" Like penalty was 
 provided for any person who should - accept 
 of any office or trust from any State or author- 
 ity other than the Government of the United 
 States or the Territory of Michigan." An elec- 
 tion of officers for Port Lavvrence township, 
 under authority of Ohio, was held in April, 
 1835, but the persons then elected did not act 
 as such, for the rea.son that it would provoke 
 extreme measures on the part of Michigan. 
 The consequence was, that no taxes was levied 
 for that year(lS35) within the disputed territory. 
 
 This state of things made it important for 
 the residents of the disputed territory to iden- 
 tify themselves with one or the other of the 
 claimants for allegiance. They were entirely 
 unanimous on that point, as shown by a letter 
 to Governor Mason from several residents of 
 Toledo. It was as follows : 
 To Eon. Stevens T. Mason, Acting Governor of 
 Michigan Territory : 
 
 We, the citizens of the township of Port 
 Lawrence, county of Monroe, Territory of 
 Michigan, conceive ourselves (by force of cir- 
 cumstances) in duty bound to apply for a 
 special act of the legislative council, authoriz- 
 ing the removal of the place appointed for 
 holding our township meetings (elections). By 
 a vote of the last town meeting (1834) our 
 meeting of this year must be held at Toledo, 
 on the Maumee Piiver. We apprehend trouble, • 
 and pei-haps a riot may be the consequence of 
 thus holding the meeting in the heart of the 
 very hot-bed of disaffection. 
 
 We therefore pray your Excellency and the 
 legislative council to aid us in our endeavors to 
 keep the peace and sustain our claims to the 
 soil as part of the Territory of Michigan, by an 
 act removing the place for the town meeting 
 fi-om Toledo to the school-house on Ten-Milo 
 Creek Prairie, to he held on the — day of 
 April, in preference to the usual day and place 
 
 appointed. 
 
 J. V. D. SCTPHEN-, 
 Coleman I. Keelee, 
 CvEUS Fisher, 
 
 S-AMCEL HeMMENWAT, 
 
 Delegates from Port Lawrence to the county 
 
 convention at Monroe. 
 
 On the 9th of March, 1835, Governor Mason 
 addressed General Joseph W. Brown, in com- 
 mand of the Third division of the Michigan 
 militia, a letter, in which he said : 
 
 " You will perceive that a collision between 
 Ohio and Michigan is now inevitable, and you 
 will therefore be prepared to meet the crisis. 
 The Governor of Ohio has issued a proclama- 
 tion, but I have neither received it, nor have I 
 been able to learn its tendency. You will use 
 every exertion to obtain the earliest informa- 
 tion of the military movements of our adver- 
 sary, as I shall assume the responsibility of 
 sending you such arms, &c., as may be neces- 
 sary for your successful operation, without 
 
THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 185 
 
 ■waiting for an order from the Secretarv of War. 
 so soon as Ohio is properly in the tield. Till 
 then, I am compelled to await the direction of 
 the War Department." 
 
 In accordance with these instructions. Gen- 
 eral Brown issued a letter to the militia of 
 Michigan, stating that — 
 
 "The crisis anticipated by their commander- 
 in-chief had arrived: that it had become our 
 duty to sustain the executive and the civil 
 authorities on our southern border, and to pro- 
 tect our soil and laws from the encroachment 
 of a powerful neighboring State, manifestly re- 
 solved to violate both. Your services will soon 
 be required in the field. The undersigned is 
 commanded to say that if there is an officer in 
 the Michigan militia who hesitates to stake 
 life, fortune and honor in the struggle now be- 
 fore us, he is required promptly to tender his 
 resignation, in order that his place may be 
 more efficiently filled. The division quarter- 
 master of the Third Division (Major Vllman) 
 will forthwith inspect the arms, ammunition 
 and military stores at Tecumseh. Mottville and 
 Niles. and report to the general commanding 
 the division the amount and condition thereof. 
 He will also cause the whole to be transported 
 immediatelj- from the latter named depots to 
 head<)uarters at the village of Monroe. Henry 
 Smith, Esq., is appointed division inspector: 
 Daniel 8. Bacon, Esq.. division paymaster: and 
 Charles Noble, Esq., aid-de-camj) to the general 
 of the division.'' 
 
 General Brown's address dosed with this 
 stirring appeal : 
 
 '' Fellow-citizens I .V cause which has the 
 sanction of the highest authority in our Nation, 
 as well as the laws of our Territory, must be 
 sustained by us, and will meet the approbation 
 of all in our common country who respect our 
 institutions and who are capable of appreciating 
 the just claims of the weaker and injured partj- 
 when they are sought to be borne down and 
 trampled upon by mere physical force. We 
 cannot submit to invasion of our soil. We 
 are determined to repel with force whatever 
 strength the State of Ohio may attempt to 
 bring into our Territory to sustain her usurpa- 
 tion, and let the consequences which may 
 follow rest on the guilty heads of those who 
 attempt to deprive us by force of our righltul 
 jurisdiction." 
 
 March 31st, Governor Lucas, accompanied 
 
 by his military staff and the Ohio boundary 
 commissioners, reached Perrysburg on their 
 way to re-mark the Harris line as directed by 
 the legislature. The Governor had made pro- 
 vision for military support in such movement, 
 and General John Bell, of Lower Sandusky 
 (now Fremont), then commanding the Seven- 
 teenth Division of Ohio militia, s(x>n arrived 
 and mustered into service a volunteer torce of 
 some 600 men. who went into camp at old 
 Fort Miami, on the west -side of the Maumee 
 River, and below Maumee City. The force 
 consisted of five companies of the First Regi- 
 ment, Second Brigade, Seventeenth Division, 
 under command of Colonel Matthias Vanfleet. 
 These were commanded by Captain J. -\ustin 
 Scott, of the Perrysburg company; Captain 
 Stephen S. Gilbert, of the Maumee company : 
 Captain John Petlinger, of the Waterville com- 
 pany: Captain Felton, of the Gilead company : 
 and Captain Granville Jones, of the Lucas 
 Guards, a Toledo independent company. These 
 numbered about 300 men. With them was 
 part of a regiment from Sandusky county, 
 commanded by Colonel Lewis Jennings: and 
 a fractional regiment, from Seneca and Han- 
 cock counties, commanded by Colonel Henry 
 C. Brish, of Tiffin. 
 
 Governor Mason, with General Brown, 
 reached Toledo with a force variously esti- 
 mated at from SOO to 1.200. about the time 
 Governor Lucas appeared at Perrysburg. and 
 there awaited a movement from the enemy. 
 
 Governor Mason's staff consisted of: Colonel 
 Isaac S. Rowland, of Detroit : Colonel Kint- 
 sign Pritchelt, of Detroit : Colonel John Ches- 
 ter, of Detroit. 
 
 Major-General Brown (Joseph W.) was com- 
 manding officer. His staff consisted of: Wil- 
 liam E. Boardman. of Detroit, and Alpheus 
 Felch, of Monroe (afterward governor of Michi- 
 gan), aids-de-camp; Captain Henry Smith, of 
 Monroe, inspector; Charles W. Whipple, divi- 
 sion inspector : Daniel S. Bacon, division quar- 
 termaster. 
 
 Brigadier-General Martin Davis commanded 
 the Second Brigade, with E. C. Eaton, major; 
 J. E Field, quartermaster : Isaac J. I'Uman, 
 inspector. 
 
 The Second Regiment of Infantry was organ- 
 ized in Monroe county, its field and staff con- 
 sisting of: Warner Wing, colonel : -\pulus 
 Drown, major; Dr. William Smith, surgeon; 
 
186 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Lewis E. Bailey, adjulaiit ; Ainion II. Wiiite, 
 quartermaster. 
 
 The company orticers were: Captains, George 
 W. Darrali, Joseph Morass, Gabriel Bissonette, 
 Heman N. Spalding, Noyos W. Wadsworth and 
 John Bradford ; first lieutenants, Levi Lewis, 
 Francis Cousino, George E. Root and David 
 Hall ; second lieutenants, Nelson White and 
 John G. Derby; ensigns, James II. Withington 
 and Peter Moran. 
 
 Light Horse : Captain, Joseph Wood ; first 
 lieutenant, James McBride; second lieutenant. 
 Burton Hotchkiss ; Stephen Crogo, cornet. 
 
 I have given above only the names of officers 
 engaged from Monroe count3-. The troops, 
 numbering in all 1,160, were paid bj- the State 
 for their services $13,638.76, upon a certificate 
 of Daniel Goodwin, quartermaster-general, bj- 
 authority of Robert Abbott, auditor general. 
 Tinder the act of the Michigan legislature ap- 
 proved March 28 and July 26, 1836. 
 
 The two commanders-in-chief were brought 
 almost face to face in hostile array. The con- 
 dition of excitement throughout the entire 
 region was most intense. The active partisans 
 of the antagonists were daily growing more 
 belligerent and threatening, while others stood 
 appalled with a sense of impending bloodshed. 
 
 Throughout the spring and summer Toledo 
 was the center of incessant excitement, greatly 
 stimulated by frequent incursions of Michigan 
 officers in pursuit of citizens holding office 
 under Ohio authority or otherwise recognizing 
 the same. Arrests made were almost wholly 
 of Ohio adherents. Attempts were made bj' 
 Wood county officers to cajrture adherents of 
 Michigan, but in some way they got informa- 
 tion of such j)urpose and kept out of sight. 
 Major Stickney, Judge Wilson, George McKay 
 and other active jjartisans of Ohio, were taken 
 to Monroe, the particulars of some of which 
 cases were more ludicrous than serious. Thus, 
 Major Stickney when arrested resisted fierceh', 
 being actively assisted by his family, until over- 
 powered. 
 
 Governor Lucas having undertaken the per- 
 formance of definite action in running the line, 
 the onus of initiating the proceedings devolved 
 upon him. It was understood that he was 
 about to order General Bell to march to Toledo, 
 and to take the consequences of such a step, 
 when Richard Rush, of Philadelphia, and Colo- 
 nel Howard, of Baltimore, arrived, as special 
 
 commissioners from President Jackson, with 
 instructions to use their influence to stay war- 
 like pi'oceedings. Elisha Whittlesey, then a 
 member of Congress from Ohio, accompanied 
 the commissioners in the voluntars" capacity of 
 peacemaker. These gentlemen had several 
 conferences with the two governors, the result 
 of which was the submission of the following 
 propositions for their assent, to wit : 1. That 
 the Harris line be re-marked without interrup- 
 tion, in accordance with the act of the Ohio 
 legislature. 2. That the civil elections under 
 the lawsof Ohio having taken place throughout 
 the disputed territory, the peoj^le residing upon 
 it should bo left to their choice of government, 
 obeying the one jurisdiction or the other, as 
 the}' might prefer, without molestation from 
 the authorities of Ohio or Michigan until the 
 close of the next session of Congress. Governor 
 Mason refused to accept these propositions, in- 
 sisting that he could not honorably- compromise 
 the rights of^his people by a surrender of pos- 
 session of the disputed territory. Governor 
 Lucas finally accepted the plan of adjustment, 
 holding that he was dealing wholly with the 
 National authorities, and not with the iri'e- 
 spousible Executive of a Territor}-; and hence 
 properly could assent to the terms proposed in 
 the President's behalf, whatever might be done 
 by Governor Mason. He then disbanded his 
 military force. Governor Mason did the same 
 to a large extent. 
 
 Governor Lucas now proceeded with his ar- 
 rangements for re-marking the Harris line. S. 
 Dodge, an engineer on the Ohio canal, was em- 
 ployed for that purpose. FromMaumee, April 
 11, 1835, he wrote Samuel Forrer, one of the 
 Ohio Canal Commissioners, as to the situation. 
 He said that it was evident that there would 
 be trouble, in case such attempt be made. He 
 said : 
 
 "We shall start to-morrow for the northwest- 
 ern corner of the State ; and the ne.^Ct you hear 
 from me, I shall probably inform you that I 
 am at Monroe, the headquarters of General 
 Brown. He was yesterday at Toledo, at the 
 head of the sheriff's posse of IQO armed men. 
 They came for the purpose of arresting those 
 who have accepted office under the State of 
 Ohio. He informed me that any attempt to 
 run the line would be resisted by the whole 
 force of the Territory — that they had 300 men 
 under arms at Monroe, and 600 more would 
 
THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 187 
 
 soon be there — tluit lliey liave 1,500 stands of 
 arms, taken from the United States arsenal at 
 White Pigeon — that they did not mean to be 
 rode over, rough shod, by Oliio. I told him 
 the line would certainly* be run. The Gov- 
 ernor of Ohio started on the Sth for Defiance, 
 and is entirely unprepared to meet the forces 
 of Michigan. Our party consists of fifteen or 
 twenty unarmed men; and if wc proceed we 
 shall certainly be made prisoners, there not 
 being a sutficicnt number to prevent surprise. 
 I think the survey will be delaj'ed." 
 
 The legal status of the case was referred by 
 the President to Attorne^'-Gencral Butler, who 
 gave as his opinion that the action of Ohio 
 in extending its jurisdiction north of the boun- 
 darj' (Fulton) line of Michigan, as established 
 by Congress in 1805, was in violation of the 
 laws of the United States; but that the mere 
 act of re-marking the Harris line would not 
 be such violation. At the same time he decided 
 that the act of the Michigan council, prohibit- 
 ing with penalty the exercise of authority 
 north of the Fulton line, was valid and would 
 remain .so until annulled by Congress. 
 
 Under such state of facts, the Ohio Commis- 
 sioners proceeded with the survey, beginning 
 at the northwest corner of the State. From 
 Perrysburg, May 1st, they made their first and 
 only report to Governor Lucas, in which they 
 stated, that in pursuance of instructions, they 
 had proceeded to the northwest corner of the 
 State, whence they moved eastwardly along 
 the Harris line, and re-marked the same, as di- 
 rected, to the distance of thirtj'-eight and a 
 half miles, or more than half its length. 
 During their progress, they were constantly 
 threatened by Michigan authoritiesand watched 
 by spies in their employ. On Saturday, April 
 25th, after a hard day's service, they, with their 
 party, retired one mile south of the line in 
 Henry county, "to enjoy the blessings of the 
 Sabbath." Contrary to their expectations, at 
 about twelve o'clock of that day, an armed force 
 of fifty or sixty men hove in sight, within 
 musket shot, all mounted, and well armed with 
 muskets, and under command of General Brown. 
 Observing the superiority in force, and having 
 but five" armed men in their party, the com- 
 missioners thought it best to retire, and so ad- 
 vised their tnen. They made good their re- 
 treat to Perrysburg. •' But, sir," says the re- 
 port, " we are under the painful necessity of 
 
 relating that nine of our men, who did not 
 leave the ground in time, after being fired upon, 
 from thirty to fifty shots, were taken prisoners, 
 and carried away into the interior of the coun- 
 tr}'." They were Colonels Hawkins, Scott, 
 and Gould; Major Rice, Captain BiggerstaflT, 
 and Messrs. Ellsworth, Fletcher, Moale and 
 Ricketts. They state that their party did not 
 fire a gun in return, and that no one was 
 wounded, although a ball passed through the 
 clothing of one of their men. " Under exist- 
 ing circumstances and in the threatening atti- 
 tude of affairs," the commissioners " thought 
 it prudent for the interest of the State, as also 
 for the safety of her citizens, and to prevent 
 threatened blookshed, to withdraw from the 
 line, and suspend further prosecution of the 
 work until some efficient preparatory measures 
 can be taken which will insure the coin]iletion 
 of the undertaking." 
 
 This report havingbcen sent to the Governor 
 and by him to the President, the latter for- 
 warded the same to Governor Mason, who re- 
 quested Under Sheriff \Vm. McXair, the arrest- 
 ing officer, to furnish his statement of the case. 
 This he did, under date of June 17, 1835. He 
 said : 
 
 "Ou Saturda}-, April 25th, I received, as un- 
 der-sheriff of this county, from Mr. Justice C. 
 Hewitt, the within warrant from the affidavit 
 of Mr. Judson. From the best information I 
 could obtain I was satisfied the warrants could 
 not be .served without assistance. I therefore 
 mustered about thirty men in the village of 
 Adrian and armed them with muskets. Early 
 the next morning I started, intending to over- 
 take and arrest the Ohio commissioners and 
 their party. About noon wc came up with 
 them, encamped in a small field (owned by one 
 Phillips), .seven miles within our Territory. 
 When I arrived within one-half mile of the 
 Ohio party, I left my assistants under the 
 charge of a deputy-sheriff, and accompanied 
 by S. BIanchard,Esq., I went forward in order 
 to make the arrest in as peaceable a manner as 
 possible. On arriving at the camp, I enquire<l 
 for Messrs. Seeley, Taylor and Patterson, the 
 commissioners, and was told that they had 
 stepped out, and would be in in a few minutes. 
 While I was waiting for my party to come up, 
 and the commissioners to return, my fjarty 
 came in sight. Colonel Hawkins observed, 
 'Our friends are coming (meaning my escort), 
 
1! 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and we must be prepared for them.' Then 
 eight or ten of the Ohio party armed them- 
 selves with rifles and loaded them in my pres- 
 ence. In a few moments my friends came up 
 and I found the commissioners iiad gone — not 
 to return. I then commenced arresting the 
 armed party, con.sisting of Colonels Hawkins, 
 Scott, Gould and Fletcher, and Major Rice, 
 Captain Biggerstaff and Messrs. Ellsworth, 
 Moale and Ricketts. After arresting Colonel 
 Hawkins, who had in his hand a large horse- 
 man's pistol and another in his pocket, both 
 loaded, tiie balance of the party took a position 
 in a log-house and barricaded the door. When 
 I approached with my party within eight rods 
 of the house, they all came out, except Colonel 
 Fletcher, and as I approached them to make 
 arrest, some of them cocked their rifles and 
 directed me to stand off, for they would not be 
 taken. As I continue<i to advance upon them, 
 four of the party turned and ran into the woods. 
 A few muskets were then fired over their heads, 
 and a rush made after them. Tiiey were pur- 
 sued about thirty rods in the woods, when they 
 were all arrested. The report of a man hav- 
 ing a ball pass through his clothes, is a mis- 
 take. * * The nine persons arrested were 
 brought to Tecumseh, before C. Hewitt, Esq., 
 and they were discharged for want of sufficient 
 testimony. Si-x gave l)ail to appear at the next 
 circuit court, and one ( Fletcher) refused to give 
 bail, as he says, by direction of Governor Lucas, 
 and is now in custody of the jailer, who per- 
 mits him to go at large, on his ])ar<ile of 
 honor. I consider it my duty further to state, 
 that the charge that the Ohio officers were 
 arrested by a military ]jarty under General 
 Brown, is not true. He accompanied me as a 
 citizen of Michigan without official position, 
 and the whole movement was merely a civil 
 operation under the sheriff of the county, to 
 sustain the laws of Michigan. There has been 
 no call on the inililary of Michigan to my 
 knowledge, connected with the Ohio transac- 
 tion. And I am happy also to inform your 
 Excellenc}' that the commissioners made good 
 time on foot through the Cottenwood Swamji, 
 and arrived ai Perrysburg tiie next morning 
 with nothing more serious than the loss of hats 
 and clothing." 
 
 The Miami of the Lake (Porrysburir) of 
 April 27, 1835, had the following in regard to 
 the affair on the bordei- : 
 
 "General Taylor arrived this morning from 
 the disputed territory, with the intelligence 
 that an attack had actually been made b\- the 
 Michigan troops upon the Ohio commissioners 
 while upon the line. The facts, as near as we 
 can learn, are these: On the 26th instant 
 (Sundaj'), while the commissioners were en- 
 canqjcd ujjon the line, which they had the day 
 previous been running, a party of the Michi- 
 gan troops appeared in sight, when the com- 
 missioners left their encampment and fled, but 
 heard six or eight rifle-shots exchanged between 
 the guard accompanying the commissioners 
 and the Michigan troops. Governor Lucas 
 has dispatched a surgeon and assistant to the 
 scone of action, to take care of the wounded, in 
 case there be any, and the result of the engage- 
 ment will probably be known before this paper 
 goes to j)ress. The scene of the action is about 
 thirtj^ miles from this place, and ten or fifteen 
 miles southwest from Adrian, Michigan." 
 
 In the same paper, under date of April 28th, 
 is this statement : 
 
 " Another messenger has reached us, an- 
 nouncing the capture of a portion of the guards 
 who accompanied the Ohio commissioners 
 while engaged in running line. The last in- 
 telligence has dissipated the idea of blood hav- 
 ing been spilled. The capture, we learn, was 
 accomplished without much resistance, and 
 but one slight wound, in arm. The number 
 reported taken is eight. We ai'e happy in 
 being able to saj- that so far the war has been 
 a bloodless one ; but we now fear it will end in 
 a bloody and cruel conflict. We have been, 
 from the beginning, laboring to preserve the 
 public mind free from excitement of passion, 
 and have up to the present moment entertained 
 the opinion that the difficulty would be ar- 
 ranged without forcing our honest and indus- 
 trious citizens to shed each other's blood ; but 
 we now acknowledge that we can have little 
 hojie for the rule oF reason, in case our popu- 
 lace be actuated by the same degree of heated 
 blood as some of our rulers. 
 
 "Messrs. Seely and Patterson (Ohio commis- 
 sioners), while the above transactions were 
 being enacted, remained in the forest unob- 
 served, until the Michigan forces retired; upon 
 which some of their friends brought them their 
 horses, and they made their way to this place, 
 where they now are, awaiting further orders 
 from the Governor." 
 
THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 189 
 
 Willi the cii-cunis(aiK-e.s (luis detailcil ciidod 
 the iitlctnpt to survey tlio Harris line, and left 
 Ohio's case not materially advanced. So viow- 
 intc the situation, Governor Lucas convened the 
 legislature in extra session, June S, 1835, when 
 was ]>assod an act "to ])revent the forcible ab- 
 duction of citi/.ens of Ohio," the object being 
 to counteract the legislation of the Michigan 
 council. The most important action of that 
 session, however, was the erection of the count}' 
 of Lucas, from territory- taken from the 
 north part of Wood county, with the disputed 
 icnitory north of it, and a portion of the north- 
 west corner of Sandusky county. The county 
 was attached to the Second Judicial Circuit 
 (Judge Higgins presiding), and Toledo made 
 the temporary couiit3--seat. A term of court 
 of common ])leas was directed to be held there 
 on the first -Monday in September following, at 
 any convenient house. 
 
 At the same session, the Ohio legislature 
 passed an act conditioiiall}' acceptingthe propo- 
 sition made by Commissioners Rush and How- 
 ard. After a preamble reciting features of the 
 case, the law provided — 1st, that the Governor 
 be requested to comply with the terms of the 
 arrangement entered into on the 7th of April, 
 at the suggestion of Messrs. Rush and Howard ; 
 and if the terms of such agreement shall be 
 faithfully regarded b^' the United States, and 
 all proceedings of the ilichigan authorities 
 against citizens of Ohio be annulled, then the 
 laws of Ohio inconsistent with such arrange- 
 ment with Rush and Howard, should be sus- 
 pended until the close of the next session of 
 Congress. But should the United States, mean- 
 time, or anj' authoritiosacting under the United 
 States, do anything inconsistent with said ar- 
 rangement, or the criminal proceedings in 
 Michigan not be annulled, then this act to be 
 void. The Governor was directed, in case the 
 terms of said arrangement should be violated, 
 to issue his proclamation declaring such to be 
 the fiict. At that session the sum of S300,0(J0 
 was appropriated for carrying into eftcct the 
 measures adopted for enforcing Ohio's claims 
 against the interference by Michigan authorities 
 and citizens. This hill passe<l the Senate by a 
 vote of 2ti yeas to 7 nays; and the House bj' a 
 vote of 41 to 26. The bill to erect the county 
 of Lucas passed the House, 41 to 26 ; and the 
 Senate without ^a division. The minority in 
 each House preferred to submit the entii-e ques- 
 
 tion, as it then stood, to the action of Congi'oss. 
 The legislature adjourned on the 20th of June, 
 after a session of 13 days. There was through- 
 out a division of sentiment as to the policy to 
 be pursued, though not as to the rights of Ohio 
 in the case. The expenses incurred by the ses- 
 sion amounted to $6,823.30. 
 
 Dr. Naaman Goodsell, under date of May 23, 
 1835, informed Governor Lucas of his abduc- 
 tion April Sth, by a Michigan force. He sa3-8 
 the}- appeared ut his house about 2 o'clock a.m., 
 demanding admittance, which he refused. They 
 finally forced an entrance; overcame him by 
 force; roughly treated him and his wife ; made 
 him their prisoner, and took him into the 
 woods, where ho was mounted on a horse and 
 started for Monroe. He was insolently treated, 
 and made to ride a horse without a bridle. The 
 horse being driven from behind, became fright- 
 ened and ran until the Doctor jumped from 
 him. He was held at Monroe until the next 
 day, and tlien allowed to return. George Mc- 
 Kay went to Monroe as a prisoner at the same 
 time with Dr. Goodsell. McKay's person had 
 marks of violence, and he was compelled to ride 
 with his feet tied under the horse. 
 
 Dr. (ioodscll, in a letter dated Perrysburg, 
 July 19, 1835, reports to Governor Lucas the 
 circumstances of his escape from arrest by the 
 Michigan force of 300 or 400 men. He and 
 fieorge McKay started together, but being pur- 
 sued, they .separated, McKay having the ftistest 
 horse. Dr. troodsell's horse not warranting 
 such reliance for escape, he dismounted, tied 
 his horse, and " placed his back against a tree, 
 determined to await the assault," but their 
 whole attention being directed to McKay, he 
 ((roodsell) was enabled to escape, after stand- 
 ing by the tree for an hour. He crossed the 
 river in a canoe, remaining there all night. 
 His iiorsc was brought to him next moruinir. 
 
 In the Toledo Gazette, March 12, LSSd^ap- 
 pears the message of Governor Lucas to the 
 Ohio legislature, calling for action in support of 
 that State's claim to this locality, and the reso- 
 lutions of that bod}- claiming such dominion; 
 and also the proclamation of Governor Mason, 
 setting forth the claimof Michigan to the same, 
 and declaring his purpose to maintain the same 
 at every and an}- hazard ; with the stirring 
 appeal of General Brown, already mentioned. 
 
 In June, 1835, Governor Lucas sent Noah 
 IL Swayne, William Allen and David T. Dis- 
 
190 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 iiey, to confer with President Jackson on the 
 subject of the existing troubles. These gentle- 
 men, under date of July 1st, addressed Secre- 
 tary of State Forsyth, in a letter setting forth 
 the case as viewed by the Ohio authorities. 
 They I'eforred to an interview held with the 
 President, in which they asked that a tempo- 
 rary adjustment be had, under which the Harris 
 line might be run without molestation ; and 
 the prosecution of Ohio citizens by Michigan 
 authorities be suspended, which request the 
 President favored. The socretarj^, in his reply, 
 stated that the President had determined to use 
 his influence toward effecting the arrangement 
 asked by Ohio, in order that matters remain 
 quiet until Congress have time to act. 
 
 The onl_v blood shed in this "War "so far 
 authenticated as safely to be made history, 
 attended the atteraj)t of Deputy-Sheriff Joseph 
 Wood, of Monroe county, to arrest Two .Stick- 
 ney, July 15, 1835, the particulars of which 
 event are given in an affidavit made by Ijyman 
 Hurd, a constable of Monroe county, who ac- 
 companied the deputy-sheriff to Toledo for the 
 purpose of arresting Geoi-ge McKay, a promi- 
 nent Ohio partisan, and said Stickney. Mr. 
 Hurd stated that he and Wood went into the 
 hotel of J. Baron Davis, where they found 
 Stickney and McKay. Hurd attempted to 
 arrest McKay, when he sprang, caught a 
 chair and told Hurd unless he desisted he 
 would sjjlit him down. Hurd then saw that 
 McKay had a dirk in his hand. At the same 
 time Wood made the attempt to arrest Stick- 
 ney, laying his hand on Stickney's shoulder, 
 when a scuffle ensued, during which Stickney 
 drew a dirk and stabbed Wood in the left side, 
 exclaiming, " There, damn you, you have got 
 it now." Wood then let goof Stickney and put 
 his hand on his side and went to the door, 
 saying he was stabbed. A physician (Dr. 
 Jacob Clark) was then called to examine 
 Wood. When Wood told Stickney he had a 
 l^recept for him, the latter asked whether it 
 was from Ohio or from Michigan, declaring 
 that be would not be taken on a Michigan writ; 
 but if it was under Ohio he would go. Mr. 
 Hurd says he was advised, for his own safety, 
 to leave the place, which he did without arrest- 
 ing McKay. 
 
 The effect of this transaction was greatly to 
 inflame the passions of the Michigan authori- 
 ties. 
 
 In recently speaking of the case referred 
 to, Dr. Clark said he found Wood's pulse 
 scarcely perceptible, he being very weak. At 
 first the case seemed precarious, but he soon 
 rallied. The knife had cut an oblique gash 
 about four inches long, but had not penetrated 
 the lungs. The patient was much astonisiied 
 to learn tiiat he was not mortallj- injured. Dr. 
 Clark gave directions in the case and left him. 
 But Wood was not satisfied, suspecting that 
 Dr. Clark's Ohioproclivities had made him in 
 different to the case. Hence he sent to Mon- 
 roe for a surgeon, when Dr. Southworth came, 
 examined the wound, and sustained all that 
 Dr. Clark had said of the case At nine the 
 next morning. Wood started for Monroe. In 
 the treatment of this case, Dr. Clark became 
 the only practical surgeon on either side of the 
 contest — a position to which his part in the 
 incipiency of the trouble entitled him. Stick- 
 ney, after stabbing Wood, fled to the interior 
 of Ohio, where ho was protected by Governor 
 Lucas, who refused to surrender him on requi- 
 sition, for the reason that if crime had been 
 committed by Stickney, it was done within the 
 State of Ohio. 
 
 The Gazette understood the orders of the 
 force, as declared by its leaders, to proceed to 
 Toledo, to take as prisoners all who were in 
 any way implicated in denying the jurisdiction 
 of Michigan over Toledo ; and in case of seri- 
 ous resistance, to burn and destroj' the town, 
 aud fire upon the first man who undertook to 
 oppose them. The character of the party was 
 said to favor the execution of such plan. The 
 occasion for such proceedings was said to hffve 
 grown out of a personal difficulty between a 
 stranger named Odell, and a man named Clark 
 from Monroe, in which, as alleged, Clark, act- 
 ing through one Smith, a hotel-keeper and a 
 justice of the peace of Michigan appointment, 
 undertook to get possession of Odell's team 
 without paying for it. The case was such as to 
 excite the citizens of Toledo to stejisto prevent 
 such action, and to warn Clark to leave the 
 town, and Smith not to again attempt the exer- 
 cise of his office there. 
 
 July 20th, Judge Higgins, from Perrysburg, 
 wrote Governor Lucas in regard to the holding 
 of court at Toledo, in September, under the law 
 erecting the county of Lucas. He said that, 
 while ready to undertake such service, with- 
 out regard to "jiersonal consequences," he still 
 
THE TOLEDO WAK 
 
 191 
 
 slioiild 'fool acutely, as would every citizen of 
 Ohio, the disgrace of caiiture and abduction by 
 a Michigan mob, of a branch of the judiciary of 
 the State, wliile actually- engaged in the per- 
 forniaiicc of judicial functions." The judge 
 raised the point, whetiier or not the condition 
 of things would not warrant the Governor in 
 sending to Toledo a force sufficient to ])rotect 
 the court when it should meet. 
 
 July 29th, (xovcrnor [jucas wrote the Ohio 
 commissioners, informing them of the arrange- 
 ment with tiie President, under which the re- 
 marking of the Harris line was to bo com- 
 |)letod, and that the work would commence 
 September 1st. He further advised them that 
 he had sent "225 rifles and 61 muskets and 
 equipments to Fort Miami (Lucas county), and 
 would send more soon," sufficient for the pro- 
 tection of the civil authorities in that count}'. 
 They would be placed under control of the 
 court. He said be would watch proceedings 
 and take measures to protect the court from 
 insult, and the commissioners while running 
 the lint^ 
 
 Notwithstanding the specific arrangement of 
 July Hd, made between Ohio and President 
 Jackson for the completion of the survej* and 
 the suspension of aggressive action b}' Miciii- 
 gan, Acting-Governor Mason disregarded such 
 agreement, and continued arrests, as already 
 stated. For su.ch reason, Secretary of State 
 For.sytli wi-ote Governor Mason, stating that 
 his zeal in behalf of Michigan had overcome 
 his prudence, and he had been superseded by 
 the appointment of Charles Shaler, of Pennsyl- 
 vania, as secretary of the Territor}-. 'J'he 
 same day a letter was sent to Mr. Shaler, noti- 
 fy ing him of such appointment, and setting 
 forth the position of the President on the 
 boundary- question. Ho stated that from the 
 first it had been the President's opinion, "that 
 without further legislation by Congress, the 
 country in dispute was to bo considered as 
 fnrming, legally, a part of the Territory of 
 Michigan; and that the ordinary and usual 
 jurisdiction over it should be exercised by 
 Michigan. He had never admitted the right 
 set uj) by Ohio." Further, he said the Presi- 
 dent had repeatedly and distinctly stated 
 " what his duty would compel him to do, in the 
 event of an attempt on the part of Ohio to sus- 
 tain her jurisdiction over the disputed terri- 
 tory by force of arras." He had with regret 
 
 ami surprise noticed that Governor Mason had 
 assumed that he (the President) had approved 
 the claim of Ohio. "An acknowledgment of 
 the right and the temporary arrangement to 
 avoid the danger of a hostile collision," was, in 
 the President's view, "in no respect incon- 
 sistent with the obligations of the constitution 
 and laws." The secretary said the President 
 " had seen with regret the recent outrages 
 committed at Toledo on officers of justice who 
 attempted to execute process under authority 
 of Michigan," and he " recommended that the 
 offenders who resisted and wounded a civil 
 officer (Deputy-Sheriff Wood) in the execution 
 of his duty, and had fled from the Territory, 
 should be promptly demanded from the execu- 
 fivo of any State in which they may have 
 taken refuge." 
 
 August 29th Secretarj^ Forsyth also wrote 
 Governor Lucas, enclosing copies of his letters 
 to Governor Mason and Mr. Shaler, and ex- 
 pressing the hope that the spirit shown by the 
 President in those letters would be " met by 
 measures dictated by the same si)irit on the 
 part of Governor Lucas. "As it is ajjparent," 
 said the Secretary, "from the recent present- 
 ment of the grand jury of Wood county, that 
 tlu! inhabitants of Toledo have declined, at 
 present, the jurisdiction of Ohio, the President 
 ho|)es no attempt will be made now to exercise 
 it within the disputed territor}-." Itwasstated 
 that the claim of Ohio having been publicly 
 put forth in the face of the country, the omis- 
 sion to enforce it, while awaiting the action of 
 Congress, " could not be considered as weaken- 
 ing any just foundation on which it might rest." 
 
 The action of the AVood county grand jury 
 referred to by Secretary F'oi-syth, consisted 
 simply in examining witnesses sent before 
 them who testified that individuals had been 
 elected to office in Toledo under the laws of 
 Michigan and per.'brmed official duties in dis- 
 regard of the laws of Ohio. Other criminal 
 acts were shown. In view of the fact that To- 
 ledo had been set off as part of the new county 
 of Lucas, whose court was to meet in Septem- 
 ber, and as the alleged offenses were committed 
 after the erection of said count}-, the jury de- 
 clined action in the premises. 
 
 August 7, 1835, Adjutant-General S. C. An- 
 drews issued an order to commandants of di- 
 visions throughout Ohio, for them to report at 
 once "what numbers of cavalry and mounted 
 
192 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 riflemen would be willing to march at a mo- 
 ment's warning to aid in defending our nortli- 
 ern frontier.'' The order was of " a confiden- 
 tial character." Previous to such order spon- 
 taneous offers had been made of men to the 
 number of 2,340, but were not wanted, being 
 chiefly infantry and riflemen. In a short time 
 thirteen divisions reported 10,021 as ready to 
 respond to a call, of whom .5,835 were mounted 
 men and 4, 18G infantry and riflemen. The total 
 offers were 12,3G1. In several instances the 
 commandants were confident the numbers 
 named might readily be greatly increased. 
 
 This action on the part of the Ohio authori- 
 ties naturally led those of Michigan to counter- 
 action. Thus, the Detroit Fi-ee Press of August 
 26, 1835, had the following items: 
 
 "The Ohio Controversy. — The legislative 
 council yesterday had this subject under con- 
 sideration. They have made an appropriation 
 of 1315,000 to meet any emergency which may 
 arise, and we learn that every arrangement 
 will be made to afford a icai-m reception to any 
 portion of the ' million ' of Ohio, that may visit 
 our borders. Michigan defends her soil and her 
 rights, and we would wish our fellow-citizens of 
 Ohio to recollect that ' thrice armed is he who 
 hath his quarrel just." " 
 
 "War! War!! — Orders have been issued 
 for volunteers to rendezvous at Mulhollen's in 
 the county of Monroe, on the 1st of September 
 next, for the purpose of resisting the military 
 encroachments of Ohio. The Territory, it is 
 expected, will be on the alert, and we un- 
 derstand services will be accepted from all 
 quarters." 
 
 The latter movement evidently had reference 
 to ijreventing the holding of the court at To- 
 ledo, September 7th. What was tlie force which 
 finally was employed by Governor Lucas can 
 not be ascertained, as no record of the samecan 
 be found at Columbus, bej'ond the amount 
 paid out for the services rendered. 
 
 The situation as thus shown, while largely 
 conforming to the policy and wishes of Gov- 
 ernor Lucas, was yet by no means without its 
 embarrassing features with him. His arrange- 
 ment with the Government was for no action 
 on the part of Ohio in connection with the 
 boundai-y question, beyond the re-marking of 
 the Harris line; while on condition of such 
 course by Ohio the Michigan authorities were 
 
 to cease attempts to enforce jurisdiction. But 
 the county of Lucas had been created, and by 
 law a court was to be held at Toledo on the 
 7th of September. The situation was an em- 
 barrassing one. Threatened by the President 
 with the Federal power in resistance to any 
 violation of the compactor truce, it was a nice 
 point to determine how jurisdiction so positive 
 as the holding of an Ohio court in the disputed 
 territory was to be accomplished without 
 trouble with the Government. In such emer- 
 gency it was decided to substitute strategy for 
 force. 
 
 When the time approached for holding the 
 court at Toledo, Governor Lucas sent Adjutant- 
 General S. C. Andrews to confer with the judges 
 and county officers as to the most practicable 
 ways and means for holding the court. It was 
 finallv arranged that Colonel Vanflcet should 
 furnish iiis regiment to act as a posse, subject to 
 orders of the sheriff, for the protection of the 
 court. Such force accordingly appeared at 
 Miami, within the new county. The Adjutant- 
 General and Major-General John Bell of Lower 
 Sandusky (Fremont), proceeded to Toledo in 
 citizen's dress. On Sunday, September 6th, the 
 three associate judges, sheriff and others met 
 at Miami, read J' to move to Toledo under escort 
 of Colonel Vanfleet's force of one hundred men. 
 Unfortunately the report was brought in on 
 Sunday evening that General Brown had reach- 
 ed Toledo with a force of 1,200 Michigan troops, 
 to prevent the holding of the court. The effect 
 of this information was essentially disturbing. 
 The judges and others were in serious doubt as 
 to wbat should be done — some favoring a 
 '■ back-out," while others insisted on an advance, 
 Judge Higgius and Andrew (" Count") Coffin- 
 bury (the latter having been appointed prose- 
 cuting attorney) were absent when the report 
 came in, which embarrassed the associate judges. 
 It was finally decided to submit the question 
 to Colonel Vanfleet, it being assumed by those 
 not willing to make the trif), that that officer 
 would hardly feel prepared, with his small 
 force, to meet 1,200 Michigan troops. It is 
 rej^ortcd that the colonel, turning to the judges, 
 said : " If you are women, go home ! If you 
 are men, do your duty as judges of the court I 
 I will do mine." The colonel then said he 
 wanted twenty brave men, who were willing 
 to take the risk of a hazardous enterprise ; and 
 requested that such of them as were ready to 
 
THK TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 193 
 
 ilo tliiil, should step four paces to the front, 
 when thirty so stepped out. Of these twenty- 
 were taken. Captain Granville Jones, of Lucas 
 Guards, Toledo, was left in ciiargeof the camp 
 at Miami, with directions to be readj- for co- 
 ojteralion with the advance. It was then de- 
 cided that September 7th beiran immediately 
 after 12 o'clock Sunda}- niifht, and as no hour 
 for the assembling of the court was mentioned 
 in the law, one hour was as good for the ]iur- 
 posc as any other, so that the court was held 
 and due record of its proceedings made. Ac- 
 cordingly at 1 o'clock A. M.thc procession took 
 up its march ot eight miles for Toledo, each 
 soldier of the escort carr^-ing two cavalry pis- 
 tols. They reached Toledo about i! o'clock, and 
 ])roceeded at once to a .school house which 
 stood between Washington and JMonroc ami 
 Michigan and Erie streets. It was a frame 
 Imilding. At that time it was well "out of 
 town," and thus as safe from observation as 
 accommodations could have been foiind. 
 
 Here "the Court of Common Pleas, in aii(l 
 for the county of Lucas, and State of Ohio," 
 for the first time was opened in due form. It 
 consisted of the three associate judges — Jona- 
 than H. Jerome, Baxter Bowman and William 
 Wilson. The president judge (David Iliggins), 
 as supposed for reasons already indicated, was 
 not present. Junius Flagg, of Toledo, acted as 
 sheriff, and Dr. Horatio Conant, of Maumee, as 
 clerk. A short session was held, the proceed- 
 ings being limited to the appointment of John 
 Baldwin, Eobert Gower and Cyrus JloUowaj-, 
 as count}- commissioners, and the approval of 
 the clerk's bond. The clerk's minutes were 
 kept on loose jjieces of paper. The length of 
 time occupied in these proceedings is not re- 
 corded, but it was as short as was consistent 
 with the proper forms; and "no further busi- 
 ness appearing before said court, it adjourned," 
 literally "without daj'," since its entire session 
 and adjournment took place in the dark. 
 
 There seems somehow to have been vei-y 
 little interest taken by the people of Toledo in 
 thei-ecordof their initial court and its attendant 
 circumstances. Hence the difficulty ut this 
 late day in obtaining satisfactory particulars 
 of the event, and especiallv of the movements 
 and experiences of the court in placing a de- 
 sired distance between themselves and the sup- 
 posed " Wolverine " troops. In the absence of 
 local information, we are left, for our most 
 
 detailed staiciiunl in that regard, to the narra- 
 tion given by the late Willard V. Way, Esq., of 
 Perr^'sburg, in his address before the liaisin 
 Valley (Michigan) Historical .Society. With- 
 out in any way impeaching the loj'alt}' of that 
 gentleman as a citizen of the Commonwealth of 
 Ohio, it must be conceded that his account of 
 that occasion docs not read in all respects ju.st 
 as one of the zealous cham]>ions of Ohio on the 
 disputed boundary question would have been 
 exjjectcd to tell the story. In this the writer 
 does not wish to be understood as questioning 
 till' triithfuliicss oi Mr. Way's version, which 
 was substantially this: That upon adjourn- 
 nuMit of the court, the officers and escort went 
 lo (lie tavern then kept by Munson II. Daniels, 
 not far from the court hou.se; that while there 
 enjoying a season of conviviality natural on 
 the accomplishment of important and critical 
 ])ubiic service, a wag came hurriedly into the 
 tavern and reported a strong "Wolverine" 
 force a))proaching and close by; that the partj' 
 at once left the house, sprang to their horses, 
 leaving their bills unjniid; that they look the 
 trail for Maumee, following near the river; 
 that iijion reaching the hill across Swan Creek 
 and near where the Oliver House now stands, 
 seeing no pursuit, they came to a halt; that it 
 then became known that the clerk had lost his 
 hat, and with it his minutes of the court; that 
 under direction of Colonel Vanflcet, careful 
 search was made for the pa])ers on the line of 
 their hasty travel; and that after diligent 
 efTorts, the hat and contents were found. Col- 
 onel A'anfleet signalized this important success 
 b}- firing two salutes, when the pa rtj- continued 
 their journej^ to Maumee, where thoj' arrived 
 soon after daylight, or about .six o'clock, having 
 occupied five hours in goingto Toledo, holding 
 a court and getting safely back. The record 
 of that court, so c.s.sential to the proper vindi- 
 cation of the rights and authority of the State 
 of Ohio, is as follows : 
 
 The State of Ohio, Lucas Coinity, ss.: 
 
 At a court of Common Pleas, began and held 
 at the court house in Toledo, in said county, on 
 the 7th day of September, A. D. 1835. Present, 
 the Honorable Jonathan II. Jerome, .senior asso- 
 ciate judge of said countj', their honors, Baxter 
 Bowman and William Wilson, associate judges; 
 
 The court being opened in due form bj- the 
 sheriff of the county. 
 
194 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Horatio (sonant being appointed olerk of 
 said county, exhibited his bond, with sureties 
 accepted by the court agreeable to the statute 
 in such case made and j)rovided. 
 
 Tiie court appointed John Baldwin, Robert 
 Gower and Cjn-us Ilolloway coniniissioners for 
 said county. 
 
 No furlhci' liiisincss apjicaring bclbre said 
 court, the court adjourned without day. 
 
 J. II. Jeuojie, Associate. fudge. 
 
 Adjutant-ticncrul Andrews. Iti his report to 
 Governor Lucas, said : 
 
 " The court was accordingly held under these 
 circumstances: The judges and sheritF of the 
 county met at Toledo on Monday, which was 
 the 7th, and, attended by a small;?o.sse, opened 
 court, organized, appointed their clerk, county 
 commissioners, etc.; and after performing such 
 business as was necessary for a complete organ- 
 ization of the count}-, and making up their 
 record, adjourned without molestation. In the 
 meantime the opposing force had entered the 
 place, and taken possession of the adjoining 
 village [Vistula, the court meeting in the Port 
 Lawrence division], with the express purpose, 
 as declared, of preventing the session. They 
 had, it is asiserted, information of the fact, and 
 made arrangements accordingl}-. Ko inter- 
 ruption, however, took place." 
 
 This report elsewhere saj's the Michigan 
 forces entered Toledo on Sunday, the 6th, where 
 they remained until Monday, and some part of 
 them until Tuesdaj' following, when they dis- 
 appeared entirely, with the exception of a 
 straggling band, who afterwards returned in 
 search, as pretended, of the judges of the court, 
 but engaging in the customary excesses and 
 proceeding to acts of violence against certain 
 of the citizens. The inhabitants were aroused 
 to resistance, and they were forcibly expelled. 
 Their whole number upon entering Toledo, 
 appears to have been not to exceed 1,100, and 
 to iiave been reduced at the time of their re- 
 treat to between 500 and (500. General Brown 
 subsequently stated that his main force halted 
 at Mulliollcn's, some eight miles from Toledo, 
 where they remained Sunday night, he having 
 sent Colonel Warner Wing forward with 100 
 men, to watch the judges and arrest them if 
 they attempted to hold court. The main force 
 reached Toledo the next day. 
 
 More or less of excess in drinkin"; and carous- 
 
 ing took place with the Michigan troops, and 
 especially in petty robbery of property, al- 
 though such action was against the will of the 
 officers in command. That Major Stickney 
 should be made conspicuous in that connection 
 is not remarkable, he being an object of special 
 hostility with that side. It was stated that the 
 major, on finding a man in the garb of a Michi- 
 gan soldier in iiis garden, iu the act of pulling 
 u]i potatoes, asked what he was doing, when 
 the trespasser replied that he was "drafting 
 ]iotato tops, to make the bottoms volunteer." 
 The major was subsequently paid S300 by the 
 State for damages suffered during that contro- 
 versy, besides costs and expenses incurred by 
 him in connection with his arrests May 8th and 
 July 20, 1835, and being taken to the jail at 
 Monroe. 
 
 As already mentioned, the body of the Michi- 
 gan forces detailed to prevent the holding of 
 court at Toledo stopped at MulhoUen's on 
 Sunday, the Gth. At that place ex-Governor 
 Mason, although then nine days out of office, 
 issued an address to the troops, in the charac- 
 ter of "the executive," in which he notified 
 them that the command was by him at that 
 time "assigned to Brigadier General J. W. 
 Brown," and enjoined on them due observance 
 of that officer's orders. On the same day Gen- 
 eral Brown issued from Toledo his address to 
 the militia, closing witli. this appeal : 
 
 " Our cause is just. We assemble to defend 
 from iuvasio'n our constitutional privileges. 
 The voice of law calls us to the field, and al- 
 though young in history, Michigan must be 
 placed by us in the proud attitude of seeking to 
 do no wrong, and never shrinking to defend 
 the honor of the country and the inviolability 
 of her soil." 
 
 The manner in which these movements in 
 Ohio were received by the authorities and peo- 
 ple of Michigan is further seen from the follow- 
 ing article, taken from the Michigan Sentinel, 
 published at Monroe, under date of Sejjfem- 
 ber 12, 1835: 
 
 "Wolverines of Michigan! — In anticipa- 
 tion o( the proposed organization of the court of 
 (Jhio at Toledo, and the approach of Lucas's 
 ' Million,' Acting Governor Mason Tnade a 
 large requisition on the brave Wolverines of 
 Michigan ; and on Saturday last (September 
 5th) they approached our town under arms by 
 hundreds, from the counties of Monroe, W,ayne, 
 
TlIK T(M,EDO WAK. 
 
 195 
 
 AVaslitenaw, Lenawee, Oaklaini, .Maeoinli ami 
 St. Josepli. The whole bodj- entcreil the tils- 
 ])nted territory on Monday, accompanied by 
 Governor Stevens, Generals Brown and Has- 
 kail, and Colonels Davis, Wing and others, to 
 the number of 1,200 to l,5(i0,and encamped on 
 the jilains of Toledo. Governor Lucas did not 
 make his appearance. The court is said to 
 have been held at the dead of night, by learned 
 judges dressed in disguise; and the insurgents 
 of Toledo fled precipitately from the scene of 
 action." 
 
 The Michigan view of this result was no 
 <loubt fairly stated by Hon. A. L, Millard, of 
 Adrian, in an address delivered J uly 4, ]S7(i. 
 lie said : 
 
 "The result was, that Ohio, influential and 
 powerful with her twelve members on the floor 
 of Congress, prevailed against her younger and 
 weaker sister Micliigan, with her single dele- 
 gate, and ho without the right of voting: and 
 before Congress would admit her into the 
 Union as a State, she was required to assent to 
 the change in her boundaries and to ado])t the 
 boundary claimed b\- Ohio. But in order to 
 make her some amends, ihe Xoi'thern Penin- 
 sula, then no part of Michigan, was offered her. 
 At first this overture was rejected. A convcTi- 
 tion called to act upon it, refused to give the 
 assent required. Her people at the time felt 
 keenlj' upon the subject. They felt that her 
 right to the territory, under the ordinance 
 (of 1787), and \inder theactof Congre.«s oflSOo, 
 was unquestionable, and there are few, in this 
 State, at least, who have examined the question, 
 who do not regard it so to this day. But this 
 decision of the convention did not finally pre- 
 vail. A large and influential portion of the 
 citizens — some from public considerations, and 
 others, perhaps, from private reasons, thought 
 it highly desirable that the State be speedily 
 admitted into the Union. Another convention 
 was accordingly called, not bj^ the governor or 
 other legal authority, but by a Democratic Cen 
 iral Committee, requesting the people in the 
 ■-iveral townships to elect delegates. The con- 
 vention met. and in the name of the people of 
 the State gave the required assent. This, alter 
 considerable diseu.ssion, was accepted by Con- 
 gress as a compliance with the condition, and 
 the State was admitted b\' an act passed on the 
 27th of January, 1837, and thus the controversy 
 ended. The people of Michigan wei-o ill-saiis- 
 
 tied at the time, being little aware of the min- 
 eral value of the Upper Peninsula, which they 
 acquired in lieu of the strip surrendered. But 
 the subsequent development of that region has 
 shown that they got an ample equivalent, and 
 that the bargain, though in a manner forced 
 u])on them, turned out to be not a bad one for 
 Michigan." 
 
 It was only after such repeated apjieals to 
 Congress for the inter]iosition of its authority 
 for the .settlement of the (juestion, that Ohio, in 
 1S:',5, acting in its own sovereign capacity, set 
 out to assert and settle her rights in the case. 
 It \vas at such suggestion that Messrs. Rush 
 and Howard were sent as (commissioners b}- the 
 President for the adjustment of the diificultj'. 
 By the agreement made between those commis- 
 sionersand the Governor of Ohio, April 7, 1835, 
 it was provided : 
 
 " 1st. That the Harris lino be run and re- 
 marked, without interruption. 2d. That the civil 
 elections under the laws of Ohio having taken 
 place throughout the disputed territory, the 
 ])eo])le i-esiding there be left to their own choice 
 as to which of the parties should be accepted 
 as authority in government until the close of 
 the next session of Congress." This Ohio as- 
 sented to, with the proviso that Michigan be 
 compelled to abide by the terms of the compact ; 
 and especially, that all prosecutions begun 
 under the authority of that Territory again.st 
 citizens of Ohio, be discontinued. 
 
 The ca.se having been b}- arrangement finally 
 referred to Congress, the discussion became 
 active there, and was ahly presented on the 
 part of Ohio bj- Governor Lucas and the Sen- 
 ators and Representatives from this State. In 
 a letter to the Secretary of State at Washington, 
 November 10, 1835, the Governor stated that 
 he was informed by General llaskall, a mem- 
 ber of the Michigan legislature, that Governor 
 Mason procured the key to the United States 
 Arsenal at Detroit, and in that way came into 
 possession of government arms for use by his 
 forces. Governor Lucas expressed the belief 
 that such use of the arms was made " bj- private 
 special permission of the Secretary of War" 
 (General Lewis Cas.s). Tho Governor stated 
 that in private letters to friends in Ohio and 
 seen by him. Secretary Cass staled that while 
 not a])pearing publicly in the controversy", be 
 was doing all he could privately in support of 
 the' .Michigan claim. (Governor Lucas attrib- 
 
196 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 uted to the secretai'y tlio irsjionsiliility of the 
 ontire controversy. 
 
 In a hittor of November 19, 1835, .Secretary 
 Cass alludes to this expression b\' Governor 
 Ijiicas, and |ir<)tcsts ai^ainst tlio same as grossly 
 unjust. On the contraiy, he stated, that while 
 fully believing in the justice of Michigan's 
 claim, and advising tiie exercise of jurisdiction 
 over the disputed territory- by tlie use of onli- 
 nary civil power, he at all times discDunte- 
 nanced the resort to force whii-li tiovernor 
 Mason made. 
 
 In a report made Marcl\ 1, LS-ld, the Judici- 
 aiy (,'onnnittee of thc^ Senate, of wliii-h Hon. 
 John JI. Clayton, ot lU'laware, was chairman, 
 discussed the matlci'wilh much clearness and 
 detail, going over the essential points and facts. 
 The immediate matter in hand was the "bill to 
 settle and establish the northern boundary' line 
 of the State of Ohio," which provided " that 
 the northern boundary of the State of ()liio 
 shall be established b^-, and extend to, a 
 direct line running froTU thesouthern extremity 
 of Ijako Michigan to the most northerly cape 
 of the Miami Bay; thence northeast to i\]v 
 northern boundary line of the Ignited Slates; 
 and thence, with saiil line, to the I'ennsylvania 
 line." The result of t he committee's investi- 
 gation was to the etlect, that aside Irom the 
 declaration made in the constitution, the State 
 of Ohio could have no claim to the line therein 
 set forth. Thus, the whole question turned up- 
 on the validity of that declaration as a basis 
 for the claim made by Ohio; while such basis 
 could not bo valid, without the " assent of Con- 
 gress." 
 
 The bill endorsed by the Senate committee 
 fixed the boundaries ot Michigan and Indiana, 
 as well as the northern boundary of Ohio, and 
 passed the Senate March 10th by a vote of 
 thirty-seven to three, and went to the House of 
 Representatives. March 22d a hill was intro- 
 duced into the Senate by Mr. Benton to estab- 
 lish the northern boundary line o( Ohio and to 
 admit Michigan into the L^nion. ujion condi- 
 tions therein expressed, which bill jiassed the 
 Senate April 2d, by a vote of twenty-four to 
 eighteen, and went to the House. This bill 
 differed from the one passed Marcli 10th, in 
 that it contained a proviso that the boundary 
 line of Ohio should receive the assent of a 
 convention of delegates of the people of Mich- 
 igan, as a condition of the admission of Mich- 
 
 igan into the Union. For this reason the sec- 
 ond bill was not satisfactory to the larger por- 
 tion of the Ohio delegation in Congress, who 
 jireferred the unconditional terms of the Clay- 
 ton bill, and were not willing that the question 
 be left open for further doubt and agitation. 
 In tlu^ House the (jueslion of precedence in 
 action u|ion the two Senate bills was raised, 
 and decided in fiivor of the Benton bill, and 
 June l.'llh it ]iassed, hy a vote of one hundred 
 and titly-thi'ec to hirty-tive. .lune 15th the 
 ('laylon hill, unconditionally tixing the north- 
 ern line of Ohio, passed tiie House without a 
 division, and thus was the long-deferred and 
 much dis])iited boundary question and the 
 "Toledo War " iletinitely and finally .settled. 
 
 I'\)r reasons which seemed to have been more 
 jiolitical than substantial, it was deemed advis- 
 able hy the frieinls of the adnunistration to 
 connect the admission of Arkansas with that of 
 .Michigan, by which association the adjustment 
 ol the boundary question probabl_y was delayed 
 Um- si.\ months. A prondncnl, if not the con- 
 trolling, considcr.-il ion in the matter, was the 
 sleepless jealousy of southern politicians, with 
 whom it had come to bo settled that no free 
 State should lie added to the Union unless as- 
 sociated with a new slave State, to the end that 
 equilibrium in the ])olitical ])Owcr of freedom 
 and of slavci'y might be preserved. This fact 
 will ex]ilain the precedence given the Benton 
 bill over the Clayton bill in the House. The 
 same spirit of jealousy was constantl3' mani- 
 fested as long as slavery continued to bo a 
 cause of sectional discord. To the same fell 
 spirit was the country subsequently indebted 
 for the an.nexation of Texas, in order that ad- 
 ditional territory for slave States might be ob- 
 tained ; and to the same, for the like object, the 
 Mexican War; and neither of these recourses 
 being found effective, as a last resort came the 
 attempt, through the re])eal of the Missouri 
 comiiromise, to subject free territory to the es- 
 tablish mcnt of slave States. It was the failure 
 of this device that drove the slaveholding power 
 to the fatal madness of rebellion and an attempt 
 to destroj- the Union it was no longer able to 
 control to its purposes, and led to the sudden 
 and total destruction of the interest so longand 
 so desperately defended. 
 
 In this connection, the jiarticulars of the 
 Michigan forces as furnished by the pay-roll of 
 her soldiers, now among the archives of the 
 
THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 197 
 
 State, will bo of interest. Tliat roll gives the 
 name of every soldier (ofHccr and private), the 
 amount of pay received, and in most cases his 
 receipt therefor. The list has the names of 
 1,1()() men. The pay of Major-General Brown, 
 commander of tlie territorial army, was S2()(l 
 per month. Ho had for aid-de-camp, Alphoiis 
 Folch, afterward Governor and United States 
 Senator, who received S5(l per month. Colonels 
 were paid S75, captains S40, lieutenants SUO, 
 ensigns S20, sergeants S8, and privates S(J.6(i 
 per month. Considering the " cui-rency " in 
 which they were paid (" Wild-eat" bank- notes), 
 these rates do not seem to be excessive. The 
 several organizations of the Michigan forces 
 were known as follows: The Oakland detach- 
 ment of 192 men ; Major Bucklin's regiment of 
 l.")9 men ; Colonel T. I). Davis's rifle brigade 
 of 248 men: Second Regiment (Colonel Warner 
 Wing), 140 men ; Captain .1. Wood's company 
 of light horse of 01 men; Shelby Volunteers of 
 GO men; Acting Bi-igadier-Gencral Martin 
 Davis's detachment of 47 men ; Colonel Davis 
 Smith's Eighth Regiment of 247 men. Total 
 force, 1,254. The aggregate expenditure of 
 Michigan in connection with the boumiary 
 controversy, is placed at Si:5,(ir)8.7(i. 
 
 The people of Michigan, in tliat controversy, 
 labored under two serious embarrassments. 
 In the first place, as already stated, theirs 
 being onl\' a territorial government, the crea- 
 ture of Congress, wholly subject to Federal rule, 
 it could have no recognized authority even 
 over its domestic affairs, and much less over its 
 relations to other governments. Tliis condi- 
 tion of tutelage deprived it of the ]iolitical 
 status which State organization and power 
 alone could confer. In the ne.xt place it was 
 largely han(lica|iped b}' an unfortunate head 
 of what government it po.ssessed. In 1814, 
 General Lewis Cass, then of the United States 
 army, but a resident of Marietta, Ohio, was 
 made military governor of Michigan Territory. 
 Subseijuently he was made civil governor, with 
 William Woodbridge, also of Marietta, as sec- 
 retary, both appointments being fortunate for 
 the Territory. The administration of Governor 
 Cass will always stand prominent among those 
 of Western Territories. He was specially ser- 
 viceable in his relations with the Indians, with 
 whom he concluded iinportant treaties and 
 largely maintained friendly relations, being 
 superintendent of Indian affairs for all the then 
 
 Northwest, as well as civil governor of Michi- 
 gan, lie it was who negotiated at Fort Meigs 
 in September, 1817, the important treaty by 
 which the Seneca, Delavvaro, Wyandot, Shawa- 
 nese, Pottawatomie and (^hijipewa tribes sur- 
 rendered to the Government about one-fifth of 
 the territory comprising the State of Ohio, be- 
 side large districts in Michigan and Indiana. 
 Beside this treaty, sixteen others were nego- 
 tiated, chiefly under his management, and in 
 their results transferring to the United States 
 vast extents of hinds, both east and west of the 
 Mississi])pi. In 18H1 , Governor Cass was called 
 to Washington to serve as secretary' of war in 
 President Jackson's cabinet. The loss of his 
 .services, made so highly valuable by his long 
 experience and intimate knowledge of the 
 affairs of the Territory, was much regretted at 
 the time ; but the measure of the loss was made 
 more full3' known only through the man- 
 agement of succeeding years. In 18150, the 
 Territory had attained to a population 
 of 32,538, and was self-supjiorting. With 
 such advance in numbers, the people had lie- 
 come ])Ossessed of an exceptional degree of 
 local pride, no doubt largel}- due to the posi- 
 tion which (iovernor Cass's administration had 
 given the territorial government. Hence, the 
 succession to that officer was a matter of more 
 than ordinary concern with them, and they 
 were very desirous that it should fall upon one 
 of several prominent citizens of the Territory', 
 instead ot being utilized in the promotion of 
 political interests elsewhere. Secretary Wood- 
 bridge and Austin E. Wing were looked upon 
 as specially suitable for the governorship. 
 Such desire, however, had so little considera- 
 tion at Washington that John T. Mason of 
 Virginia, a brother-in-law of Postmaster(ien- 
 eral Barry, was a]i]iointed secretary of the 
 Territory, to act as governor until the latter 
 office should bo filled. The appointee, hovv- 
 ever, did not accept, but went abroaii on some 
 private agency, and the office was transferred 
 to his son, Stevetis T. Mason. The choice of a 
 non-resident for purelj' political and personal 
 reasons, was bad enough ; but that of a mere 
 boy — but nineteen j'ears of age — added greatly 
 to the disappointment and chagrin of the peo- 
 ple, who sent to him a committee for confer- 
 ence, when he acknowledged his minority. 
 
 This feeling was greatly intensified by the 
 fact that in consequence of (Jovernor Cass be- 
 
198 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ing removed to become seei-etary of war, the 
 secretary would become the acting governor, 
 with full executive responsibilities. All pro- 
 tests, however, proved unavailing. The Vir- 
 ginia '' lad " became Michigan's governor. 
 
 A. B. Porter of Pennsylvania was appointed 
 governor, and had he devoted his time and 
 attention to the office, the presenceof the "Boy 
 Governor" would have been less oifensive. 
 The latter by cultivating geniality through the 
 social customs of the day, and a course of con- 
 ciliation, in a measure modified the intensity of 
 the feeling against him, whereby the people 
 were led to endure what they could not cure 
 Thus matters stood when, in the winter of 
 1834-5, the action of the Ohio legislature on 
 the boundary question raised an issue which 
 with the people of the ambitious Territory 
 soon overshadowed that of their governorship. 
 Some three years of experience in ofKce had 
 measurably fitted Secretary Mason for the 
 place; and appreciating the ojiportunity for 
 commending himsolfto popular favor furnished 
 by the Ohio action, he at once entered in the 
 most spirited manner upon such measures of 
 resistance as he could emijloy. The result 
 was, that he soon largely' removed the feeling 
 existing against him. But in doing this, he 
 displeased the pow'ers at Washington, whose 
 deep concern for the political bearing of the 
 controversj' had led them to favor the Ohio 
 side of the question. Hence it was, that in 
 September, 1835, with the boundary question 
 yet unsettled, John S. Horner, another young 
 man, ignorant of the country, was appointed 
 governor of the Territory. He came on, and 
 sought by a policy of conciliation to induce an 
 adjustment of the boundary difficulty, whereby 
 he seriously disjjlea.sed the peojjle, who looked 
 upen him not as the executive of the Territory, 
 but as simply the tool of political masters at 
 Washington, whose sole interest in the matter 
 was to manage it for the greatest partisan ad- 
 vantage. This state of things was made the 
 more offensive to the people by the fact that 
 at that time they bad organized a complete 
 State government — in form — with a legisla- 
 ture and United States Senators chosen. Ere 
 long Governor Horner left the peninsula, for a 
 portion of territory beyond the limits embraced 
 in the State organization. 
 
 During the summer of 1835, and while the 
 boundary question was yet undetermined, the 
 
 peoi)le of Michigan sot about the organization 
 of a government in which thej^ could have 
 some power. To this end they held a conven- 
 tion ; framed a State constitution, which was 
 adopted by the people, who at the same time 
 chose State officers and a legislature. Secretary 
 Mason was chosen governor, and Edmund 
 Mundy, lieutenant governor; while Lucius 
 Lyon and John Norvell were chosen United 
 Slates Senators by the legislature, and Isaac E. 
 Crary as Representative in Congress. Such 
 action, unauthorized by existing law, was not 
 approved at Washington, and especially as its 
 tendency was to complicate and intensify the 
 boundary issue. The admission of the State 
 under such state of things was out of the ques- 
 tion. Then it was that the compromise, on 
 which the whole trouble was finally settled, was 
 projiosed, to wit: That Michigan yield the 
 disputed territory, and in lieu of that accept 
 the Lake Superior peninsula. This proposition 
 was submitted to the people of Michigan, who 
 sent delegates to a convention held at Ann 
 Arbor, Sejitember 4, 1836, by which the offer 
 was rejected. Steps were then taken for an- 
 other convention, which, in reality, was little 
 more or less than an administration scheme 
 for forcing terms upon the jjeople. For such 
 purpose, delegates were chosen " direct from 
 the jjeople," in local caucuses, without even the 
 semblamce of authority in law. The body thus 
 chosen met at Ann Arbor, December 6, 1831), 
 and assuming to speak for the people of Mich- 
 igan, proceeded to accept the terms j)roposed ; 
 and by an act passed January 2G, 1837, Con- 
 gress declared that a State government had 
 been duly formed by the people of Michigan, 
 and the same was admitted as a member of the 
 Union, and the vexed question of boundary 
 was forever settled. A large portion, and prob- 
 ably a majority, of the people, with their ^se?<'7o 
 State officials, indulged in a liberal degree of 
 indignation and protest; but that was the only 
 consolation accorded them. They could accom- 
 plish nothing in resistance to the wrong they 
 felt. Governor Mason indulged in emphatic 
 rhetoric about the outrage committed, to meet 
 with little more than ridicule of himself as " the 
 hero of the bloodless plains of Toledo." 
 
 The people of Michigan regarded it as a 
 matter of grave wrong that their Territory 
 should be deprived of the few square miles of 
 lands which they had hoped would be included 
 
THE TOLEDO WAR. 
 
 199 
 
 ill their prospective State. And when, as a 
 matter of compensation for such loss, Congress 
 proposed to give them the great peninsuhi of 
 Lake Superior, with all its rich mineral deposits, 
 the /)<'o/)^e of Michigan rejected the offer; and 
 the arrangement was consummated only 
 through the unauthorized manipulation of local 
 ])oliticians. 
 
 The views thus given on this question, while 
 they have now no practical bearing, seem to bo 
 proper, as due to all parties concerned. The 
 time has come when the people on both sides 
 of the line should be able speak freely and 
 frankl}' of differences in the past, and in the 
 
 spirit of amity and nuituul coiitiilciice address 
 themselves to the many important matters 
 wiiicli they have and are to have in common. 
 Who was right or who was wrong half a cen- 
 tury ago, is now comparatively- of small con- 
 cern ; but how the affairs of the future ma\' be 
 made promotive of the highest possible welfare 
 of all, is a matter of grave concern. It is just 
 cause for common gratulation, that asperities 
 arising from past antagonism are gradually- 
 yielding to more considerate relations, with 
 very little now left, outside the record, to indi- 
 cate that differences ever existed. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 MONROK STEAMERS AND SAIL VESSELS. 
 
 PRIOR to the settlement of the French on the 
 banks of the River Raisin, the only facili- 
 ties for trans])ortation was the use of the light 
 and graceful bark canoes which glided swiftly 
 over the river and lakes, propelled by Indians 
 with their jiaddles and oars. At that time 
 roads were not constructed through any part 
 of the Teri-ilory. As civilization extended 
 westward the bark canoe was su])planted by 
 improved means of conveyance — the bateau 
 was introduced by the French, subsequently 
 other styles of crafts by the English and Ameri- 
 cans. Voyages were very tedious, requiring 
 great patience and energy ; yet a work of great 
 importance was gradually accomplished in the 
 establishment of missions and trading jiosts, 
 thus paving the way to the settlement of the 
 country. 
 
 Up to the beginning of this century a very 
 
 this time on a golden era was inaugurated for 
 steamers, as well as for the country, and emi- 
 gi'ation was greatly stimulated. Freighting 
 was not then remunerative. No grain or farm 
 jiroduee was furnished from the West, but 
 freights were nearlj^all from the East. Now it 
 is reversed, and the marvelous amount of pro- 
 duce from the We.st, and of iron, lead a7id 
 copper from Lake .Superior, is exceedingly 
 great. The steamboat passenger trade was at 
 its greatest height from 1834 to 1845, but now 
 owing to rapid transit by rail the competition 
 for passenger traffic is limited to the summer 
 months. In 1837 and 1838 I have often seen 
 the steamers at Detroit bound for Chicago with 
 their decks as black and densely packed with 
 human beings as are now the spacious ferry 
 boats and excursion steamers during the months 
 of July and August. The best of the old line 
 
 limited number of sailing craft had ever spread steamers would not favorably compare with 
 
 their white pinions to the breeze. The first 
 was the CTriffin, built by Lasselle near 15utfalo. 
 She was destined for Lake Superior, and was 
 expected to take on a quantity of furs at Macki- 
 nac, but never made her appearance or com- 
 pleted her round trip. She is thought to have 
 been lost with all on board, as she sailed from 
 (ireen Bay, September 18, 1(179, and was sup- 
 posed lost in the gale of the following day, 
 though the only indication of her loss was a 
 number of packages of furs found on the shore 
 of Lake Michigan by the Indians. At the com- 
 mencement of this century nearly all the better 
 class of sail vessels had from four to six berths 
 
 those of late years, either for speed, elegance or 
 servici^ 
 
 The first sail vessels that])lied between Mon- 
 roe and Buffalo and intermediate ports were 
 owned by Captain Luther Harvey (deceased). 
 In later 3'ears the enterprising citizens of Mon- 
 roe that were interested in or owners of sail ves- 
 sels were Jos. M. Sterling, Wm. Addison Noble, 
 Frederick Waldorf, John Burch, Mr. Newell, 
 Thomas Plues, Mr. Lyons, Christopher Deffen- 
 baugh, William Stonner and Joseph Schwap. 
 The schooner Cambridge came to Monroe in 
 the summer of 1844 in command of Captain 
 Helfrich, and hailed from Sackett's Harbor. 
 
 fitted up for passengers, and numerous emigrant She was purchased by Noble & Sterling, com- 
 
 families reached the West thereby. The first 
 steamer, Walk-in-the- Water, was built at Black 
 Eock in 1817; made several trips to Mackinac 
 and Green Bay, but was lost in November, 
 1821, near Buffalo, in a gale. 
 The same year the Walk-in-the-Water was 
 
 mission merchants; was sold by them in 1853 
 to J. M. Booth, a lumber merchant of Buffalo, 
 who built tlie schooner Harriet Ross from her 
 bottom. Cajjtain Helfrich claimed that the 
 Cambridge was built from one of Commodore 
 McDonough's gunboats that was in the service 
 
 launched the Erie canal was commenced, but on Lake Erie, and won the naval battle in 
 was not entirely completed until 1825. From 1813. It was after Commodore Perry had con- 
 
 [200] 
 
MONROE STEAMERS AND SAIL VESSELS. 
 
 201 
 
 (luoi-fd in this battle that lie wrote his famous 
 dispatch : " We have met tiie enemy and tiiey 
 are ours. " 
 
 The first steamer l)uilt at ilonroe was the 
 Monroe, by Captain Harry Wliitaker, then a 
 resident of Monroe but now of Detroit, and in 
 his ci^iity-seventli year in the full possession 
 of his faeulties and in the enjoyment of a good 
 old age. As Captain Whitaker is regarded as 
 one of the most successful captains that has 
 ever sailed a steamer on the lakes, as well as a 
 former resident of Monroe and well remem- 
 bered b^' most of its older citizens, I deem a 
 somewhat extended notice of interest to old 
 residents. He has state<l to me that he has 
 commanded from the commencement of his 
 career eighteen steamers, some of them but a 
 short time, yet has never lost a life or a pound 
 of freight. His first cmplo^-nient was on the 
 sloop Huntington at six dollars per month. 
 In 1821 was wheelsman on the Walk-in-the- 
 Water; in 1824 commanded the schooner Mace- 
 donia, and in 1828 the steamers Peacock and 
 Pioneer, both but a short time, relieving 
 others. He commanded the first steamer that 
 saileil up (Irand River, and the first steamer 
 that reached the Sault Ste. Marie lliver. In 
 1847 he built the tine steamer A. D. Patclun, a 
 much finer steamer than any of its prede- 
 cessors, but which was wrecked in 1850, caus- 
 ing great loss to the Captain. By this disaster 
 his fortune was nearly ruined, and he regretted 
 lie was not on board, that the loss might po.s- 
 sibly have been averted. 
 
 Among the favorite steamers of the old 
 timers built or owned by enterprising citizens 
 of Monroe, as regards excellence of construc- 
 tion and good qualities, were the Monroe, built 
 at Monroe, commanded by Captain Harry 
 Whitaker; DoWitt Clinton, owned by Stolham 
 Wing and Carlos Colton, commanded by Cap- 
 tains Brown and Ludlow; Macomb, owned by 
 (ieorge W. Strong and commanded by Captain 
 Choate; Constitution, owned by Tunis Van 
 l?runt and commanded by Captain A. B. Per- 
 kins; Southerner, built and owned by Fifield 
 & Sterling and commanded by Captain A. 1). 
 Perkins; Anthony Wayne, owned by Fifield & 
 
 Sterling and commanded by Captain A. 1). 
 Perkins; (iriitith, owned by William V.Studde- 
 ford and commanded by Captain Roby ; Helen 
 Strong, owned by (ieorge W. Strong and com- 
 manded by Captain Albert vStrong. 
 
 The daily line of steamers that plied between 
 Detroit and Toledo, calling at the docks each 
 w-ay, were the J. Wolcott, commanded by Gov- 
 
 eriieur Morris and Dustin, now of Monroe ; 
 
 General Brady, commanded by Captain Burlis ; 
 General Macomb, commanded by Choate & 
 Atwood ; Arrow, commanded by Captains A. I). 
 Perkins and Ira Davis; Indian Chief, owned 
 by J. J. Godfroy ; John Owen, commanded by 
 Ira Davis; Hollister, commanded b3' Selah 
 Dustin. 
 
 Sail vessels were engaged in the F>ake Su])e- 
 rior trade as long ago as the beginning of the 
 present century, but the (commerce of that re- 
 gion did not assume important projwrlions 
 until the opening of the St. Mar^-'s ship canal, 
 an event which at once gave an impetus to 
 mining as well as commerce, both by steam and 
 sail. With characteristicenterpri.se our steam- 
 boalowners undertook and successfully carried 
 forward the work of transporting steamers 
 across the portage before the completion of the 
 canal, which was opened for Itusiness in the 
 spring of 1855. 
 
 Soon after the ompletioii of the various rail- 
 roads having lake ports as their termini, large 
 and elegant steamers were built and jjlaccd on 
 the lakes, running in connection with the lines 
 respectively to Buflalo. The palatial and ele- 
 gant steamers that plied between Jlonroe and 
 Buffalo were the Southern Michigan and the 
 Northern Indiana, commanded respectively by 
 Captains A. D. Perkins and Pheatt. Subse- 
 quently the Western Metro]»olis, commanded 
 by Captain Pheatt; City of Buffalo by A. D. 
 Perkins; and Empire State, commanded by 
 Captain Van Allen. They were exceedingly 
 popular, but the competition with railroads 
 w^as sharp, and they were finally all withdrawn 
 soon after the railroads were completed on the 
 north and south shores of Lake Erie from 
 l'>iiffalo West. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 THE PATRIOT WAR. 
 
 WHAT was known as the " Patriot" insur- 
 reetiou in Canada, beginning in 1837 and 
 continuing thi'ough 18H8, was the cause of 
 much excitement and disturbance along this 
 side of the border of that province. The al- 
 leged object of the movement on the other side 
 WMS the overthrow of British rule and the es- 
 tablishment of an independent republican gov- 
 ernment, to be known as the "Republic, of Upper 
 Canada," with the design, when such should 
 be successful, of extending the movement to 
 Lower Canada. The enterprise, while su]i- 
 ported by a few Canadians, more or less sincere 
 in their professions of love for free government, 
 depended chiefly for men and means upon co- 
 operation from this side. At no time had tlie 
 scheme enough of home support to last thirty 
 days, and most that it did have was due to ex- 
 aggerated ideas of what was to l)e done in the 
 United States. 
 
 The work of preparation occupied mostofthe 
 year of 1837, wiien there was considerable agi- 
 tation, attended by some collisions in Canada. 
 Meantime, the work of the " sympathizers " 
 progressed on this side. The grossest exagger- 
 ation was employed for effect on both sides of 
 the line. Thus, in the United States reports 
 were rife of wonderful " popular uprisings " all 
 over Canada; while in that province equally 
 false accounts of .symj)athy and assured su])- 
 poj;t from this side were employed to bolster the 
 movement: whereas in fact there was in neither 
 country any supjiort to justify a moment's con- 
 tinuance of the mad scheme. 
 
 B.y December, 1837, such forces as tiie leadei-s 
 had been able to raise were gathered along the 
 line, with the purpose of a "combined move- 
 ment " of .some sort. The recruits from this 
 side consisted mainly of the idle and thriftle.s.s, 
 which classes had been swollen in numbers by 
 the serious financial collapse and business sus- 
 pcn.sion of that year. An idea of the sort of 
 material that made up the body of the "Patriot" 
 
 recruits, may be had when it is stated that the 
 distribution of" rations" to a squad of these at 
 Norwalk, while on their wa}- from Akron to 
 " the front," consisted of one man pa.ssing along 
 the rank with a basket of crackers, followed by 
 another with a pail from which was delivered 
 to each "soldier" a small cup of whisky. 
 Poultry and young pigs were in constant peril 
 on the line of march, while dealers in clothing, 
 boots, shoes, etc., often had all they could do to 
 maintain and enforce their ideas of right to 
 property so much coveted by the "Patriots" 
 passing through, who could not undei'stand 
 why those who stayed at home should not con- 
 tril)utc more liberally to the aid of those who 
 went to the " battlefields of Freedom." 
 
 The two t'nils of Lake Erie were the scenes 
 of the main movements of the " Patriots." In 
 JJecember they took possession of Navy Island 
 (belonging to Canada) in Niagara Eiver, and 
 from there issued a |)roclamation gravely an- 
 nouncing that the " Provisional Government of 
 the Republic of Upper Canada " was established 
 
 — that a reward of £500 was offered for the 
 apprehension of Sir Francis Bond Head, then 
 Crovernor of Canada — that 300 acres of her 
 Majesty's lands would be freely bestowed by 
 the Pi'ovisional Government upon every volun- 
 teer who should join the revolutionary forces 
 
 — adding that " ten millions of those lands, fair 
 and fertile, would speedily be at their disposal, 
 with the other vast resources of a country more 
 extensive and rich in natural treasures than the 
 United Kingdom or old France." 
 
 For purposes of communication with the 
 American shore, the " Puti'iots '' employed a 
 small steamboat, the '' Caroline," of which 
 Captain " Gil." Appleby (a well-known lake 
 navigator) had command. This craft proved 
 very useful, and this so fixr aggravated the 
 British authorities, that on the night of the 29th 
 of December, a British force sent for the purpose 
 burned the steamer while lying at Schlosser, 
 
 [202] 
 
THE PATRIOT WAR, 
 
 203 
 
 on this side of tlie river. This action was a 
 godsend never more needed by the failing for- 
 tunes of the new-born "Republic," inflaming 
 the American people, and arousing our Gov- 
 ernment in protest against such unwarranted 
 violation of our territorial rights. The ques- 
 tion at one time threatened the peace of the 
 two countries. 
 
 The eastern campaign of tlu' " Patriots" col- 
 lajised with the loss of the Caroline, and opera- 
 tions were transferred to the West. In Febru- 
 ar}', 1838, the volunteers from this side made a 
 movement from Sandusky, crossing on tiie ice 
 to Point au Pellet! Island, where they landed 
 on the 2ath of that month, and took ])ossessioti. 
 The island was the property of a Mi-. McCor- 
 itiic, andhad been deserted. It was well stocked 
 with provisions, cattle, hogs and poultry — 
 wiiich, as reported, proved a very acceptable 
 prize with the "Patriots." An ox-mill and a 
 supply of corn also were found. On the 3d of 
 March, the scene was changed by the arrival of 
 British troops, when was fought the" Battle of 
 Point au Pellee." The engagement took place 
 on the ice. Colonel Edwin D. Bradley, now 
 (1S87) of Str^'ker, Williams county, Ohio, was 
 in command of the "Patriot" forces. Interest 
 will be felt in (Colonel Bradlej^'s report of that 
 engagement, which action at the time e.\eiled 
 inten.se interest throughout the border. Colonel 
 Bradlej' suse(|iU'iitly commanded with credit a 
 coni|)any of infantry in the Mexican War of 
 184G.7, and afterwards the Thirty-Eighth Ohio 
 Volunteers in the Union army, as long as liis 
 health permitted. The official report of Colonel 
 Bradley- is as follows: 
 
 To Brigadier-General McLeud, Couimandimj WiUern 
 iJiviiion of Patriot Service of the liepxMic of L'ppir 
 Canada : 
 
 Dkar Sir: I hasten to answer to you for 
 the information of the Cominandcr-in-Chief, 
 that an action was fought on the morning of 
 the 3d instant at Point au Pellee Island, Upper 
 Canada, between the Patriot force under my 
 command and a detachment ofabout tOO Bi'itisli 
 regulars. 
 
 At daybreak the enemy was discovered in 
 _irat force a few miles from our encampment, 
 wiiich was at the head of the island. Their 
 main force, about 700 strong, was marched 
 down i|uietly in front; their left, about 200 
 strong, flanking off in the direction of the light- 
 house at North Point; and their right, consist- . 
 
 ing entirely of British regulars, in sleighs and 
 on horseback, were pushing on with great 
 speed along the west side of the island to gain 
 our rear, for the purpose of cutting off" our re- 
 treat should tbo main force succeed in driving 
 us from our position. 
 
 After closely examining the force and dispo- 
 sition of the enemy, I did not think it ])rudent 
 to await the attack of the main body. The 
 men were therefore instantly mustered and filed 
 off toward the southei'n end of the island, a dis- 
 tance of seven miles, to meet and fight the reg- 
 ular force, which had already gained our rear. 
 This was effected as 8j)eedily as circumstances 
 would admit. When we arrived in view of this 
 force, which consisted of about three hundi-eil 
 and fifty heavy infantry and seventy five well- 
 mounted cavalry, drawn up in oi'dinary battle 
 array on the ice, one and one half miles from 
 the shoi'e, in the direction of Middle Island — 
 as we had no time for delaj% in consequence of 
 the enemy's main force, which was fast ap- 
 proaching — I gave instant orders to form in 
 line of battle, which were cheerfully obeyed by 
 officers and men. When all was in readiness 
 the line moved forward with a firm and unflinch- 
 ing resolution worthy of tried veterans and 
 advanced within half musket- shot of the enemy, 
 when the}' opened a tremendous fire on our 
 whole line, checking its progress and com|)el- 
 ling us to commence the action at a gi-eater 
 distance than we first intended. Nevertheless 
 (some of our troops having fired without order.-*), 
 to prevent confusion it was thought proper 
 that the action should become general. For 
 half an hour we sustained the shock of three 
 times our number of British regular troops, 
 twice throwing them into confusion, breaking 
 their ranks, and strewing the battle-ground 
 with their dead and wounded. At this time 
 the men remained firm, the ranks unbroken, 
 and all determined to continue the contest. 
 The near approach, however, of the main force 
 in our rear, induced some to leave the ranks 
 in spite of their officers. Still tlu^ battle was 
 continued by a few of themen until the greater 
 part of the troops had retired to the island, 
 where all assembled to deliberate upon the best 
 mode of escape. It was concluded to ero.ss over 
 from the east to the west side of the island, and 
 under its cover retreat, which was safely ef- 
 fected, although the enemy's cavalry hungcon- 
 tinually on our flank and rear. 
 
204 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 I was ably seconded in all my efforts during 
 the engagement by Colonel Ward, Major Law- 
 ton and Adjutant Olncy, who fought with a 
 bravery uneqiialod in modern warfare. It is 
 with pain and regret that I announce the fall 
 of Major Hoadloy and Captain Van Kensselaer. 
 The former displayed a coolness during the 
 whole engagement worthy of a better fate. 
 ll'iti memory should be engraven on the hearts 
 of his countr^'men. Other officers conducted 
 themselves with unexamjjled bravery. None 
 wore willing to give uj) the contest till com- 
 pelled by the superior force of the enemy. 
 
 Our loss is one major, one captain and eight 
 privates killed ; one captain and fifteen pri- 
 vates wounded, and three taken prisoners. The 
 enemy's loss, from the best information re- 
 ceived, is Major McCormick and other officers 
 (names unknown), and from fifty to si.xty rank 
 and file killed, and seventy-five wounded. I 
 will further state that we numbered just one 
 hundred and fifty on the morning of the en- 
 gagement, officers included. 
 
 I have the honor to be. Sir, 
 Yours, 
 E. I). Ukadlev, Colonel, 
 In command Patriot Forces Point, an Pellee 
 
 Island, Upper Canada. 
 March 5th, 1838. 
 
 P. S. — I have just received information from 
 a Frenchman, who was the owner and driver 
 of the teams that carried the enemy from Mai- 
 den to Point au Pellee. He states that flfty- 
 eight of the enemy were killed and seventy-five 
 wounded. E. J). B. 
 
 Coincident with the advance of Colonel 
 Bradley's forces aci'oss the lake from Sandusky 
 was a similar movement by another " Patriot'' 
 command from the Michigan side, to Fighting 
 Island, in the Detroit River, some eight miles 
 below Detroit, where an engagement took place 
 February 25, 18.38. 
 
 The Detroit Free Pi-ess, of February 2Ctli, 
 had the following report of the affair : 
 
 " Yesterday the war commenced in or near 
 (!anada. On Sunday i-. m. the Patriot forces, 
 which had been lurking in small and detached 
 squads at various points between Toledo and 
 Gibralter, collected on the American shore, o]i- 
 ])usite Fighting Island, belonging to the British, 
 their number amounting to between 200 and 
 300, without arms, except five or six muskets 
 
 and a small field piece mounted on two rails 
 In this condition, after receiving and cheering 
 a patriotic speech from General McLeod, who 
 commanded them, they crossed (on the ice) and 
 took possession of the island. They did not, we 
 understand, intend to cross until their arms, 
 which were undoubtedly delayed, had been re 
 ceived ; but they were forced immediately to 
 abandon the American territory, in order to 
 evade the civil authorities, which, aided by the 
 United States troof)S, were in close pursuit of 
 them. In the course of the night, about fifty 
 stands of arms were conveyed to them on the 
 island. About daylight j-esterday morning, 
 the British troojis opened a fire on them with 
 gi'a])e-shot from the Canadian shore. After 
 receiving two or three shots and returning as 
 many, the islanders retreated in confusion to 
 the American shore, with three wounded — 
 one severely, and two slightly. At the shore 
 they were met by the United States troojjs, 
 who arrested and disarmed them as fast as they 
 landed. The British troops took ])ossession of 
 the island as soon as it was evacuated. We 
 have seen and conversed with one of the men 
 who wason Fighting Island, and whoinforms us 
 that they were assured by their officers that 
 500 men had crossed into Canada below Maiden 
 from Sandusky. This is the prevalent belief 
 here, as heavy cannonading was heard during 
 the forenoon of jcsterday in that direction. 
 Our informant says he knows of no other force 
 in this quarter which has been preparing to 
 enter Canada except that with which he was 
 connected on Fighting Island, and that which 
 is su2iposed to have gone over from Sandusky. 
 
 •'General Vreeland, of the 'Patriot' forces, 
 has been arrested by the United States au- 
 thorities." 
 
 With the Fighting Island fiasco tlie "Patriot" 
 folly collapsed in a failui-e which would have 
 been ludicrous but (or the many deluded vic- 
 tims of its vain hopes, and the peril in whicth it 
 placed the ])eace of two nations. The inspira- 
 tion of the movement was two-fold — a zeal for 
 liberty without knowledge of the means neces- 
 sary to obtain it, and the spirit of plunder ahvajs 
 so ready as an incentive in such cases. 
 
 The Caroline affair at Schlosser at once 
 aroused the intensest excitement along the 
 border, and for a time operated somewhat to 
 galvanize the sinking "Patriot" cause. Its 
 national bearing, as was to have been expected, 
 
TllK I'ATRIOT WAK. 
 
 !'(»;-) 
 
 wjis scrioiiH fViiiii llif (jiicstidii ol' lin.stilc iiiv:i 
 sion which ^rew out of it. I'uhliv incetiii<5s 
 were iit once called at different points aloni^ 
 the lakes for the expression of the popular I'oei- 
 in<j8 as to the matter. 
 
 The end of the so-called "Patriot" niove- 
 ineiit, as niiijht have been expected, was utter 
 and coiiiplete failure — both in its |iractical re- 
 Mills, and in its claims to consideration on tlu^ 
 score of merit. The more it was examined as 
 to the grounds iij)on which it was undertaken, 
 the moi'e causeless and luiwarrantcd it ap- 
 peared. At the outset, and for a time there- 
 after, the natural .sympathy of the peo])le of 
 (he border States of the I^nion with any sub- 
 jects of monarchical power, led them to accept 
 (ho stories of " British tyranny and wrong," 
 and to wish the victims of such oppression suc- 
 cess in their supposed attempt at freedom. 
 This sentiment, more or less general, at first 
 materially stimulated the " Patriot " cause, and 
 aided in securing for it both financial suj)port 
 and securit3- for active operations. It was 
 greatly strengthened by the sj-mpathy of the 
 press, wdiich very generally encouraged the 
 movement. It was only necessary for a few 
 ac(ivc and persistent men in almost any city or 
 town ;ilong the lakes to make the proper 
 a|i|Hal. to secure more or less of popular sup- 
 jiiirl. It was soon found, however, that the re- 
 sponse was more liberal in volunteers for the 
 " Patriot" army than in funds for its support. 
 The financial condition of the country was 
 specially favorable for active recruiting of men. 
 The panic and attendant general prostration of 
 (radc, commencing early in 1837, had depi-ivod 
 large numbers of persons of employment while 
 throwing many others out of business, many 
 cif whom were thus well prepared to accept 
 (he plausible promises of the '• Patriot " leaders 
 that the property of the haled British should 
 soon be jilaced at their disposal. This con- 
 sideration operated powerfully toward raising 
 so-called "troops." But the essential supj)lies 
 of the commissary department wore lament- 
 ably wanting, whereby (he movement was seri- 
 ously crippled. The result was that recruits 
 drawn to the enterprise by hope of plunder or 
 other gain, often without arms, clothing and 
 food, were but a charge upon an illy-sup]>licd 
 exchequer. As a rule,the3- w^crc anything but 
 a hopeful material out of which to make soldiers. 
 As in the case of some of the otticers of the 
 
 force, many of (he lank and (ilc no doubt were 
 sincere in tlieirdesire to sustain what theysup- 
 posed to be a good cause ; but the body of them 
 knew nor cared for much beyond the hope foi' 
 ]>liuulerand a love of venture — the more des. 
 perate the better. 
 
 The most important invent coiuu'ctcd wilh 
 this mad movcTuent was the burning of the 
 Caroline at Schlos.ser. But for (hat the "Pa- 
 triot War" would not have attained even (o its 
 actual significance, and would have much 
 sooner been lost to popular view. The arrest 
 and trial of General McLeod by the authori- 
 ties of the United States for the part taken by 
 him in that event, led to complications and dis- 
 cussion with the British Government which for 
 a long time excited more or less alarm and ap- 
 prehension of serious trouble. The prudence 
 of the two Governments, however, prevailed in 
 an amicable adjustment of the delicate ques- 
 tions involved. Such result was no doubt 
 largely promoted by the action of the United 
 States in jirotesting against participation by its 
 citizens in the " Patriot" movement, and in the 
 steps taken toward the maintenance of oi'der 
 and peaceful relations with the Canadian Gov- 
 ernment by citizens of the border States. In 
 securing such end. President Van Buren sent 
 Major-General Winfield Scott to the irontier 
 for purposes of inspection and the repres- 
 sion of participation by American citisiens in 
 the acts of hostility to British authority. On 
 such mission General Scott spent some time 
 along the border, with evident beneficial results. 
 Prominent in the " Patriot" movement dur- 
 ing the winter of 1838-9, was a Pole, Sholtew- 
 sky von Schoultz, who had fled from Poland to 
 escape the vengeance of the Russian Govern- 
 ment for his participation in the insurrection 
 against that power, lie was considered a man 
 of exceptional intelligence and energj-, with an 
 earnest, burning zeal for an J' cause that promised 
 relief of a people suffering oppression such as 
 had been forced upon his native land. Volun- 
 teering for the " I'atriot " service, he was ap- 
 pointed colonel, with authority- to organize a 
 regiment to bo constituted chiefly of Poles. 
 In prompt response to such appointment, 
 Colonel von Schoultz transmitted to Major- 
 General Lucius V. Bierce, of Akron, Ohio, a 
 detailed plan for the operations of the " Pa- 
 triot "army in its advance into Canada. Tlio 
 document has historical interest, as better 
 
206 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 showing the real character of that movement, 
 and the sort of men who led it, than could 
 otherwise bo done. It was as follows : 
 
 Salina, N. Y., September 28, 1838. 
 To Major- General Bierce, Commander-in-Chief : 
 Dear Sir : I have the honor to acknowl- 
 edge the receipt of your letter dated the 17th 
 of September, which this moment was handed 
 to me, in relation to the organization of my 
 foi'ces and their movements. It is with feel- 
 ings of gratification and jjride I accept the 
 honorable part you have entrusted to me, and 
 I hasten with the utmost disjjatch to fulfill my 
 promises. 
 
 As the nature of the troops I organize re- 
 quires officers of a particular description, I 
 confidently trust you will have the goodness to 
 permit me to appoint my officers and staff and 
 report them to you for commissions. 
 
 The headquarters of my countrymen being 
 at Philadelpliia, I hasten to them through night * 
 and day, and will immediately rejiort to you 
 from that place. Your orders regarding the 
 movement of my companies will be punctually 
 obeyed. I hope you will rely with confidence 
 upon my discretion in all that regards the 
 secrecy and security of our noble enterprise. 
 
 Permit me. General, to lay before j'ou a plan 
 of attack for the opening of the campaign, and 
 • bo assured at the same time that the rea.son 
 why I do it does not originate in a supercilious 
 pride, but that I consider it an imperious duty 
 on my part, thereby to show myself worthy 
 the command wherewith I have been entrusted, 
 and add the experience which during twelve 
 years' active service I may have acquired in 
 the art of war and military combinations to 
 the talents with which you have surrounded 
 yourself; and further, that if the service of the 
 detached regiment is a difficult and bloody one, 
 I will regard it as a particular favor to have my 
 regiment ordered to execute it. The plan is 
 the following : 
 
 Twenty-four hours before you open hostili- 
 ties with the main army from Detroit or its 
 neighborhood, a regiment will be detached and 
 sent around by water to Waterloo. There it 
 lands and proceeds immediately to Fort Erie, 
 which is stormed and carried ; a small garrison 
 and the wounded are left there. The regiment 
 will proceed the same night, without repose, 
 toward Queenston (twenty-four miles), where 
 
 it arrives the following day; attacks, storms, 
 and carries the fortifications and the town. 
 Leaves agarrisou and proceeds to Fort George; 
 storms and carries it ; leaves a gari'ison, wheels 
 to the left and occupies Port Dalhousic; organ- 
 izes that town for defense by throwing up two 
 strong redoubts, and abides there the move- 
 ments of jour main array, which will have 
 proceeded in the following manner: 
 
 Twentj'-four hours after the departure of the 
 detachment, the army is put in motion, storms 
 and carries Fort Maiden ; leaves a garrison and 
 proceeds in ordinary marches on the London 
 road leading toward Toronto. Arrived at An- 
 caster, an express is dispatched to the com- 
 mander of the detachment at Dalhousie (who 
 will send scouts and reconnoitering parties so 
 far), informing him of the very hour you in- 
 tend to make the attack on Toronto. The 
 commander of the detachment will in the 
 meantime have arranged means for crossing 
 the lake, and shall at the fixed hour land his 
 forces at Toronto, thereby operating on the 
 flank of the enemj', and force him to divide his 
 troops. I have no doubt the jilace will thus be 
 carried. The benefits resulting from this plan 
 are the following ; Fort Erie, situated opposite 
 and near Buffalo, enables the patriots there to 
 send their supplies of arms, etc., to a fortified 
 place, and voluntaircs can there be taken uj), 
 drilled and forwarded ; the same it is with 
 other fortified j'laces. In the meantime, the 
 enemy at Toronto dares not venture to advance 
 agjiinst the main army, because he would be 
 taken in the rear by the detachment. Conse- 
 quently, you can advance undisturbed with 
 your whole force, incorporating all the Patriot 
 forces on your way onward. Your troops will 
 bo enlivened and confident of success bj^ the 
 information of the victories of the detachment, 
 thus raising a moral impulse among the sol- 
 diers. The Patriots will more readily hasten 
 round your standard, knowing that j'ou have 
 places where, in a movement, they can be in 
 security and near the frontiers ; finallj-, in case 
 of any reverse, the army can rally round the 
 fortresses, which thus constitute a sure basis of 
 operation and contain excellent dei)ots. Free 
 communications cast and west with the United 
 States are also opened. 
 
 It is with great anxiety I await j'our answer, 
 which I beg you to send on to Philadelphia, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
THE PATRIOT WAR. 
 
 207 
 
 I have the honor to Ijc, General, very resjieet- 
 liilly, your obedient serviint, 
 
 SiiOLTEWSKY vox SciiOLLTZ, Colonel. 
 
 During the foilowin<r winter, von Seliouitz 
 and liis eommand made (he famous atlaek on 
 Preseolt. Upper Canada, in uliieh iio at first 
 sueeeeded .so far as to entreneh iiimselfat Wind- 
 niill Point, but was overcome, captured, and 
 e.seeuted liy hanging. Many other jirisoners 
 were taken bj' the Britisli autiiorities, some of 
 whom were discharged, andotlicrs banished to 
 the penal colonies of Great Britain. Most of 
 liie latter died there, wliile a very few were 
 permitted, after long jcars of eonfiMcniont, to 
 return. 
 
 Volunteer organizations for political pur- 
 po.ses had been formed in many of the districts 
 of Canada, having secret affiliated .societies on 
 this side of the line. These took the name of 
 " Hunters' Lodges," and were scattered along 
 the frontier from Michigan to Vermont. They 
 were more or less influential, according to the 
 characters of the men in public or private life 
 who belonged to them. It was the duty of tlie 
 Federal Government to preserve the neutral 
 relations of the country with (Jreat Britain, 
 and it was more esi)ecially the duly of the 
 Federal officers on the frontier to see that this 
 business of the Government was pcrfoi-med in 
 good fiiith. And while it was true that the 
 judges of the Federal coui-ts and marshals and 
 deput}' marshals of the United States engageil 
 ostonsibl}- in the work of keeping the ])ublic 
 peace, yet it was well known that many of the 
 persons who held these influential and |)ublic 
 stations were members of the ''llunters' Lodge," 
 and that some of them, not excepting judges, 
 were eloquent and vehement orators in the 
 lodges, and were among the most active of 
 those who sought a revolution in Canada ami 
 the establishment of a free and indcpemlent 
 government there. 
 
 The " Eagle Tavern " now stands on Wood- 
 bri<ige street, Detroit. Many will remember it 
 as it was kept more than forty j'cars ago bj^ 
 Mr. Heath, a warm-hearted and generous man, 
 an enthusiastic and liberal " Patriot," who 
 literally flung open the doors of his spacious 
 hotel and freely- spread his well-loaded table to 
 his " Hunters," wishing only what the}' were 
 able and willing to pay, and who thus spent a 
 handsome fortune and i-educed himself to pov- 
 
 ci-t\-. His house was llu' headquarters lor the 
 "Hunters ' in I)etroi(, and its lialls i-ang 
 nightly with inflainmator}- harangues and with 
 addresses, some of which would have done 
 credit to the palmiest days of the era of scventy- 
 si.x. This was the summer of 1838, and in the 
 fall and winter of 18."{8-;i0, a period which will 
 not soon be forgotten by those who were tlicre 
 at the time. It was a time when rumor with 
 her thousand tongues kejit the whole people in 
 a state of suspense and anxiety, and when first 
 causes, big with the fate of nations, wei-e in 
 active operation, dejiending of course on the 
 chances, in this case fully realized, of ultimate 
 failure. 
 
 Many generous men, even in Detroit, were 
 engaged openly in the enterprise, among whom 
 we may name Dr. E. A. Theller and ffeneral 
 E. J. Eoberts, both now no more, but who loft 
 behind them here many friends who cherish 
 their memory. Dr. Theller 's adventures might 
 furnish the subject of an e])ic. His short, thick 
 frame, his " Patriot coat," and his jolly Irish 
 countenance, are still fresh in the recollection 
 of citizens of Detroit. His joint "command" 
 on Hickor}- Island at the mouth of the Detroit 
 Iliver, with Koberts and Hamle}- and Souther- 
 land and perhaps others; his unfortunate ex- 
 cursions on his little schooner, Anne; his being 
 taken i)risoner by Colonel Prince, of Sandwich ; 
 his trial for high treason at Toronto on the old 
 English doctrine, " Once a subject, always a 
 subject," although he had been for a (juartcr of 
 a century a citizen of the United States; the 
 day fixed for bis execution with the more un- 
 hapj)y Lount and Mathews, who suffered death; 
 his imprisonment in the fortress at (Quebec, 
 from which he finally escaped, with Colonel 
 Wallace W. Dodge, of Monroe, Michigan, who 
 was captured witli Dr. F. A. Theller on the 
 schooner Anne before Maiden. Their escape 
 from the strongest fortress on the American 
 continent and the only escape therefrom of 
 which wo have any record, will ever bo re- 
 garded, by tho.sc that have visited (Quebec, as 
 one of the most daring feats ever achieved. It 
 was impo.ssiblo to induce any of the officei's or 
 citizens of (Quebec to believe an escape there- 
 from practicable, and the}- continued to prose- 
 cute a very vigilant search long after they liad 
 passed beyond the limits of the city. The 
 conspiracy for their escape could not have 
 proved successful but for the co-operation of 
 
208 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tho citizens who were iu sympathy with the 
 Patriot cause. The only opportunity for com- 
 municating with friends in the city was during 
 their dailj' walk, guarded, on the promenade 
 on the highest j)lane of the citadel, from which 
 they could have a comj)rehensive view of 
 the city, and note the streets and by- 
 ways thereof. The care, prudence and caution 
 observed for weeks of j^reparation in commu- 
 nicating with friends in the city by depositing 
 messages and notes in the mouths of cannons 
 unobserved, and the subterfuges resorted to in 
 obtaining wires, small saws and instruments 
 for sawing the iron bars in the windows of 
 their prison walls, are truly marvelous. I have, 
 in common with most visitors to the fortress, 
 had pointed out by the guide the spot from 
 ■which they made their wonderful leap, strik- 
 ing on the solid masonry below at the hazard 
 of life and limb. Dr. Theller sprained his 
 ankle, and when he recovei-ed from the shock 
 he could with great difficulty and severe pain 
 crawl along with the assistance of Colonel 
 Dodge, who, when captured on the schooner 
 Anne, had lost one of his eyes by a spent ball, 
 which was with the ej'e extracted in a barbar- 
 ous and inhuman manner in the prison at Mai- 
 den. The indignities suffei-ed from the time of 
 their capture, en route and in prison, until 
 they were safely lodged in the citadel in Que- 
 bec, were not only inhuman but outrageous, 
 ill}^ becoming those having prisoners of war 
 and captives under their control. 
 
 A detailed description of their hairbreadth 
 escapes in passing the numerous guards, senti- 
 nels and police, I have listened to with intense 
 interest from the lips of Colonel Dodge. The 
 ingenious modes adopted of secreting them by 
 the Canadians in sympathy with Theller and 
 Dodge after passing the fortifications in the 
 city and its vicinity ,were creditable to the heads 
 as well as hearts of their constant friends. The 
 limits of this work will admit of mentioning 
 one only of the modes adopted for concealment, 
 which was by removing the floor boards of the 
 stalls in which horses were kept, digging a 
 hole sufficiently large to accommodate two 
 persons, depositing Dr. Theller and Colonel 
 Dodge therein, replacing the floor boards, scat- 
 tering manure carelessly over them, and then 
 fastening the horses over them. As they re- 
 mained in some instances three days, released 
 only at midnight for exercise and refreshments. 
 
 they suffered intensely from their wounds and 
 the filth, more readily imagined than described. 
 The large rewards offered for their capture 
 stimulated to the very highest degree tho exer- 
 tions of all classes of the officers, soldier.^, 
 guards and police, as well as citizens, except 
 that portion of the citizen.s in sympathy with 
 the Canadian Patriots, who were equally vigi- 
 lant in concealing them and giving them all 
 the aid and comfort in their power. 
 
 Their marvelous escape, hotly pursued until 
 they reached and passed the boundary line of 
 the State of Maine, has ever been regarded as 
 a feat exceedingly hazardous, and that required 
 the most wonderful tact, prudence and courage; 
 and not until their arrival at Augusta, Maine, 
 did they realize that they were safe from re- 
 capture and imprisonment. The curiositj'and 
 interest manifested to see the heroes of the 
 Patriot War, and the ovations that greeted 
 them at Augusta, Boston, New York, Philadel- 
 phia and Baltimore are yet fresh in the mem- 
 ory of many of our old citizens. 
 
 At Toronto Theller was actually led out for 
 execution, as it was understood here at the 
 time, when it was ascertained that there was 
 danger of a mutiny in the British army. The 
 regiment stationed at Toronto was filled with 
 Irishmen, who, looking straight at the sub- 
 stance of the thing, stripped of its technicali- 
 ties, saw that Theller was to suffer because he 
 was an Irishman. They declared openly that 
 while they were ready to put down the rebel- 
 lion in Canada, yet that the ministers of the 
 law should not hang their countryman be- 
 cause he was their countryman. This was the 
 common report of the matter at the time, for 
 the entire truth of which I am not able to 
 vouch. At an}- rate theDoctor was not hung; 
 and while all the facts above detailed might 
 not have taken place, 3'et there was something 
 about it, and at least the authorities at Toronto 
 probably thought it best not to risk a mutiny 
 in the army, followed up perhaps bj' a popular 
 outbreak. 
 
 The proceedings of those in Monroe in sym- 
 pathy with the Patriot cause were conducted 
 with the greatest secrecy. To avoid attracting 
 attention of the public the "Hunters' Lodge " 
 congregated in various places in the city, alter- 
 nating between the Macomb Street Hotel, the 
 yellow tavern that occupied the site of the 
 present residence of Mrs. Dr. Dorsch, the old 
 
THK PATKIOT WAR. 
 
 'J09 
 
 Strong Hotel, itnd (lie " Mulliolleii Sdiool 
 House" (now motleriii/AHl and repaired) on 
 First street, owned by the Hon. J. M. Stcrliujr. 
 The names of citizens of Monroe in sympathy 
 witii tiie Patriot cause were for many jears as 
 familiar as household words, but the number 
 now living is very limited that actually em- 
 harUed in the enterprise. Of tho.se who went 
 to the front many will recall the names of 
 Cunningham, Duff, Ichabod White, a brother 
 of the late Arvin "W. Potter whose first name 
 1 cannot recall, Captain Joseph Wood, Captain 
 John Alford, Lawyer Brophy, Austin Deane, 
 Jarvis Hldred, Colonel Wallace Dodge and 
 Stephen H. Wakefield — the last named, I am 
 informed, guarded the Hunters' Lodge from 
 intrusion. But two, Jarvis Hldred and Stephen 
 B. Wakefield, are now living in our midst. 
 
 The original design of those engaged in the 
 attempt to revolutionize Canada was, that it 
 should be done there, among the people them- 
 selves and by them.selves; but the first move- 
 ment in Canada having failed, large numbers 
 who had been compromised by it fled to the 
 I'nited States, where, on the northern frontier, 
 the enterprise assumed the forms and aspects 
 of a threatened invasion. 
 
 This condition of things called for action at 
 Washington. The LTnited States was at peace 
 with England, and Mr. Van Buren, then Presi- 
 dent, was a statesman that loved peace when it 
 could be preserved with honor. It was his 
 duty to see that the laws were faithfully ex- 
 ecuted, among which he found an act of Con- 
 gress denouncing high penalties against those 
 who should engage in fitting out and prose- 
 cuting military or armed en terpi-ises against any 
 nation or country with which the I'nited States 
 wasat peace. Mr. Van Buren accordingly issued 
 his celeljrated proclamation of neutrality, 
 which fell heavily on the Patriots and pro- 
 duced no little excitement on the frontier. 
 Several prosecutions took place, upon which 
 convictions were sometimes the result, but pub- 
 lic opinion was strong and universal against all 
 who attempted to enforce neutrality, and light 
 punishments only followed the convictions. 
 
 The administration was of course denounced, 
 and the effect of Mr. Van Buren's proclamation 
 "vvas felt extensively in the presidential cam- 
 paign of 1840, when "Kinderhook" was de- 
 feated by "Tippecanoe," to say nothing of 
 "Tyler too." Mr. Van Buren has been well 
 
 enough abii.sed to satisfy the ambition of any 
 man, but hislorj- will do him justice for that 
 ])roclaniation. It was simply an act of jiublie 
 duty. 
 
 Notwithstanding the interference of the 
 (iovernment, the enterprise of revolution W'as 
 prosecuted with much vigor und with as much 
 secrecy as j)ossible. The ])ublic feeling was 
 kept in a high state of excitement, for it was 
 expected nightly that the "Patriots would go 
 over " to make the attack on the British au- 
 thorities, and to erect the standard of revolt on 
 Canadian soil. This was the great desidera- 
 tum, for it was believed that once erected there 
 thousands would flock to it from both sides of 
 the line, that sujjplies of every kind could 
 easilj' be procured, and that nothing more 
 ■vonid then bo required but stout resolution 
 and good commanders. 
 
 In the meantime the authorities, under the 
 administration of that generous young man. 
 Governor Mason, deemed it proper, if not nec- 
 esar^', to act. The militia was called out, and 
 to arm them several hundred muskets, am- 
 munition and accouterments were brought in 
 from the arsenal at Dearborn. Several hun- 
 dreds of these were distributed to the militia. 
 Levi Bishop was a private specially detailed 
 and charged to place in the hands of each man 
 as he passed a complete stand of arms and ac- 
 couterments, and eight poundsof ball and buck- 
 shot cartridges. This duty he performed in 
 each instance as the men filed past the front 
 door of the City Hall. It looked rather war- 
 like. It appeared as if something serious miglit 
 be looked for. It looked as if the authorities 
 wore in earnest. 
 
 It was known that the " Patriots" were en- 
 camped on the islands at the mouth of the De- 
 troit niver, making all neces.sary preparations 
 to "go over" on the first favorable opportunit}-. 
 It was also well known that the Ijittle Erie, a 
 favorite little steamer, which had few equals 
 and no superiors in speed, was running irregu- 
 larly in their interest. The General Brady was 
 another river boat which could run about two- 
 thirds as fast as the Erie. This latter i)oat was 
 taken into the service of the State for the pur- 
 pose of running dowMi and capturing the Little 
 Erie. The armed militia, with eight pounds 
 of ball-cartridges each, embarked on board of 
 her. 
 
 The broad pendant of the Nation waved at 
 
10 
 
 HISTOr<Y OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 her inasllicii'l, while u liaiij ])l;iyod sliri'iiig 
 national airn. Siio left the wiiarf at Detroit 
 about ten o'clock in tiie forenoon witli perhaps 
 tliroe or four liundreil troop.s on board, bound 
 for (iibrallci-, at tiie nioutii of the river. After 
 gettinji; fairly under way tlic soldiers "slacked 
 arms" on deck and reclined "at ease" about 
 the boat, diiiiny in true military style on bread 
 and raw salt jiork. 
 
 Arri\H'(| at (iibr-alli^r without fallini;- in with 
 the enemy, Governor Mason, the commander- 
 in-chief, and staff landed and spent about an 
 hour on shore, in a council of war. 
 
 But the Governor returned on hoard and tiic 
 boat i)ut about for Detroit. The men and 
 oflicers were also all on board as were also 
 some of the ])rovisions, but on looking about 
 not one of the four hundred stand of arms and 
 ball-cartridges could be found, and it was not 
 known by what mysterious agency they had 
 been removed or the ]iarticiilar time or the 
 manner of their reniDval. They disappeared, 
 and soon afterwards it was ascertained that 
 they were in the hands of the "Patriots" on 
 Hickorj' Island. Many of them were after- 
 wards lost on tlic schooner Anne, before re- 
 ferred to. This ex])edition to Gibralter was an 
 impressive commentary upon the state of jiiib- 
 lic feeling here and of the manner in wliicli the 
 local authorities did their duty. 
 
 The General Bradv returned to Detroit, and 
 the next morning Ben Kingsbury, in the Morn- 
 ing Post, a paper published by him there at the 
 time, gave an account of the los.ses as follows: 
 Killed, none; wounded, one man in the cheek 
 by handling his musket carelessly; missing, 
 none; army, 400 stand of arms, ammunition, 
 eight rounds of ball and buckshot cartridges; 
 provisions, several barrels of pork and bread. 
 Losses of the enemj' not known, as he had not 
 been seen, but supposed to be heavy. Such 
 was the celebrated expedition to Gibralter 
 
 A squad of militia was kept under arms for 
 several days to guard the arsenal at Dearborn. 
 
 Soon after this and while the " Patriots " 
 still remained encamped on Hickory Island, 
 General Theller made his most unfortunate ex- 
 pedition with tlie little schooner Anne round 
 the east side of Bois Blanc Island, opposite 
 Maiden, having a few men and some three or 
 four hundred stand of arms onboard with him. 
 When between the island and Maiden they 
 were fired on by the militia from the Canada 
 
 shore. Several were killetl or wounded, the 
 schooner became unmanageable, and the whole 
 party with the schooner fell into the hands of 
 the Canadian militia, under the command of 
 Colonel Prince. The arms were what the 
 Canadians stood much in need of, as regular 
 British troops and sup|ilie.s had not yet ai-rivjd 
 on the frontier. 
 
 At length the long-expected tijne when the 
 " Patriots" should " go over " arrived, and Ihey 
 did "go over" some time in the night of the 
 latter part of December, 1837, in a small steam- 
 boat, pressed into their service for the jjurposo. 
 The landing was a short distance above Wind- 
 sor, from whence they immediately marched 
 down to the village opposite Detroit. Coming 
 near a sentry, he fired and the leader of the 
 " Patriots " fell dead. 1 think his name was 
 Putnam. This was the first misliap. In- 
 stantly the sentry was fired on and killed. 
 Some store-houses were then set on fire and a 
 general alarm was given. The Canadian mili- 
 tia sprang to their arms, and a street fight en- 
 sued, favored by the bright light of the burn- 
 ing buildings and also by that of a boat lying 
 at the wliarf which had been set on fire. 
 The fight continued until the break of da\ , 
 when the "Patriots," outnumbered, fled across 
 the fields to the woods in the rear of the village, 
 jiursued by their enemies, who shot down 
 many and took some, prisoners. The whole 
 party was dispersed. Some esca])ed across the 
 river. Many were killed. Some were taken 
 to Laudem, Canada West, where they were 
 tried, cond(^mned and hung. Several were 
 scTil to Knglish ])enal colonies, where, after 
 drudgei-y and years of misery and suffering, 
 those who survived finally esca])ed or were 
 pardoned and returned home. 
 
 Those who were here at the time will re- 
 member well the intense excitement which 
 pervaded the city of Detroit when, between two 
 and four o'clock in the morning, it was an- 
 nounced that the "Patriots " had made their 
 long looked-for attack. In a few moments 
 more the wharves on the river and the win- 
 dows and roofs were covered with people. 
 
 The firing was clearly heard and the flashes 
 of musketry were distinctly seen, but the prob- 
 able issue was unknown. At length day broke 
 and all eyes were strained to catch the first 
 glimpses of the combatants. Men were seen 
 hurrying to and fro, for of course the scene of 
 
THE PATRIOT WAR. 
 
 ill 
 
 combat iireseiited activity ami excitcrnciil. Tlic 
 retreat and pursuit across the fields were dis- 
 liiictlv seen. As the sun rose the roof of every 
 liiiildintc fronting on tiie river or in sight of 
 it was literally covered with peojtlc. agitated 
 liy the wildest excitement. Every sort of 
 rumor was afloat as to'tiie probable success or 
 disaster of those who had gone over the river. 
 
 Attiiistime the Thirt^-Fourlli IJritish rcgi- 
 iiient, under the coininand of Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel Airey, liad ari-ived at Maiden, and was 
 ready and perhaps eager for any emergency. 
 .Many of the officers of this regiment became 
 well known in Detroit, whose hospitalities and 
 courtesies were more than once extended to 
 tiiem. Besides the Lieutenant-Colonel there 
 was Major Deeds, as gallant a man as ever rode 
 in front of a regiment; there wore Captains 
 I^Iathews, Braderick and Athens; Lieutenant 
 Airey, a brother of the Colonel ; Harvey, a son 
 of the governor of New Brunswick ; and that 
 active and intelligent old gentleman, (Quarter- 
 master Dulse, and many others not remem- 
 bered, most of them gentlemen of distinction, 
 or members of wealthy and respectable families. 
 
 This regiment was at Maiden, eighteen miles 
 from the scene of action at Windsor. They 
 kept a sharp lookout for the " Hunters," but of 
 course it was not known where the first blow 
 would fall, or where the first attempt would be 
 made. The news, however, that the " Pa- 
 triots ' had " gone over " flew with the speed of 
 liie wind to Maiden. A detachment of the 
 ciiMijianies was at once placed under the com- 
 mand of Captain Braderick, who asked for the 
 ]ilace, assisted by Jjieutenant Airey, with two 
 pieces of artillery, and w-as ordered to march to 
 the scene of action. The march was as fast as 
 ])ossible, and the detachment arrived at Wind- 
 sor about noon. The " Patriots " were dis- 
 persed, but the troops kept on till they reached 
 the windmill, about a mile and a half above 
 Windsor, in full view of Detroit. Here a man 
 was discovered who had seized a canoe and was 
 rowing for dear life for Belle Isle. He was 
 about two-thirds of the wa}' aci'oss, perhaps 
 one-half or three-eighths of a mile from the 
 windmill, and hence he presented a 8j)lendid 
 mai'k for Lieutenant Airej^'s artillery. In an 
 instant a piece was unlimbercd, and in an in- 
 stant more three or four nine-pound balls 
 whistled successively past the man in the canoe. 
 Tiie flashes and smoke were distinctly seen 
 
 from tin: roofs of the stores and houses in 
 Detroit. The last shot took effect and cut off 
 one of the arms of the man in thccanoe close to 
 the shoulder. It was a " charming shot," one 
 that might be talked of in all after life. 
 
 In the meantime the liitlic Eric, the steam- 
 boat before named, had been taken into tiie 
 service of the rniled States, and that veteran 
 commander. General Brad}-, was on boai-d of 
 her with the veteran military corps, the old 
 Brady Guards, cruising about the river to 
 assist in keeping the peace, and to render 
 assistance to any who might need it. The 
 wounded man was taken on board of this boat 
 and j)Ut on sliore at Detioit, where he was 
 j)roperl3' cared for. 
 
 And here occurred an incident well worthy 
 of being placed on record. The Eric landed 
 at the foot of Woodward avenue, where the 
 General and the guards w-ent ashore. At once 
 thev were surrounded by thousands of the 
 curious, eager to obtain all the information 
 possible of what had occurred. Among them 
 were many of the " Patriots " and friends of 
 the -'Patriots." It was well known that 
 General Brady would do his duty and preserve 
 the peace and neutrality of the frontier if pos- 
 sible. He had been prompt and firm and 
 faithful when and where duty called him. He 
 was looked upon somewhat in the way of the 
 Revolutionary adventurers. At the time al- 
 luded to the crowd were about him, and when 
 the news was learned some of tlie boldest be- 
 gan to throw- out hints against the conduct of 
 the General. lie stood calm and collected, 
 about .seventy years old, over six feet in height, 
 as straight as a poplar, and fearless and brave 
 as the god of war. The excited crowd pressed 
 closer and closer about him, as he seemed not 
 to regard them, and grow louder and more 
 bold in their insults, but still he noticed them 
 not.. Finally they got so near as to jostle him, 
 when the faithful old hanger which had re- 
 mained quietly at his side, leaped from its 
 scabbard and flashed above their heads, while 
 the keen eye of the brave old soldier flashed 
 fire. He proclaimed the supremacy of the law, 
 and in an instant he had plenty of elbow room 
 within the range of his sword. No more in- 
 sults were offered to him, and the impression 
 left on the minds of all, even .stout-hearted 
 " Patriots," was that "one might chase a thou- 
 sand, and two put ten thou.sand to flight." The 
 
212 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 old Geiicriil diod yi^ars alter Iroiii injuries re- 
 ceived from beiiii;' thrown from his carriage 
 against a post at the intersection of Monroe 
 and Miami avenues in Detroit. He went down 
 to the tomb followed by a host of friends and 
 acquaintances, covered with honors and with- 
 out a stain u]>oii iiis character. 
 
 1 have rcinarUed that the ofticers of the 
 Thirty-Fourth British regiment, stationed at 
 Maiden, were well and favorably known in 
 Detroit. On one occasion they were invited 
 to attend a military ball given by the Brady 
 (Tuards at the National, sinc(^ tiie Hussel 
 House. It was noised about that flic invita- 
 tion liad been extended, and so great was the 
 feeling of curiosity, mingled with hostile feel- 
 ing against all who assisted to obstruct the 
 movements of the "Patriots," that a large 
 crowd assembled at the ferry, then at the foot 
 of Griswold street, to see them land. Violence 
 even was apprehended, and precautions were 
 taken against it, but none occurred. The 
 guests were well received, well entertained and 
 returned safely. 
 
 The times and aft'airs of which I have written 
 contain many interesting incidents and per- 
 sonal adventures. The case of Mr. Sheldon, of 
 Lajiecr, ma}' be remembered by many. This 
 man was a respectable fiirmer of good circum- 
 stances, and perhaps of Ibrty-five years of age. 
 As the story went at the time, he came in with 
 a load of wheat and hitclied his horses near 
 the foot of Woodward avenue. Falling in with 
 some of the " Patriots" he took a drop, and 
 perhaps several, in consequence of which his 
 zeal in the cause of Canada was somewhat im- 
 proved. This zeal would not be likely to flag 
 in company \vith such men as Putnam and 
 J. H. Harmon and Solomon Wcsly and other 
 kindred spirits then engaged in the revolu- 
 tionary enterprise. This was the evening before 
 the " Patriots went over," and as Sheldon 
 was a man of coin-age and real pluck, he joined 
 the companj' and "went ovei-" with them. 
 When the party was dispersed he fell into the 
 hands of the authorities, was taken to London, 
 ('anada West, was tried, convicted and sen- 
 tenced, and sent to Botany Bay. Thei-c, dur- 
 ing six or seven years, he suffered every hard- 
 ship and privation, and saw many of his com- 
 panions end their miseriesin thetomb. Finally 
 he escaped or was pardoned and found his way 
 back. He took a boat at Buffalo for Detroit, as 
 
 the stoiy goes, and as the boat came to her 
 dock at the foot of Woodward avenue, he 
 Tiaively inquired what had become of the team 
 which he left hitched there. 
 
 Some of the prisoners taken at Windsor 
 were taken to the village of Sandwich, where, 
 after a shoit consultation by a few officers, 
 among whom was Colonel Prince, several of 
 them were shot without trial and without 
 mercy. The modus operandi was said to be as 
 follows: A file of soldiers was drawn up, and 
 the prisoner to be shot, standing a few paces 
 distant, was told that he could run for his life, 
 whereupon, taking to his heels, he was fired 
 upon. Some were killed, some only wounded, 
 and some escaped unhurt. Mr. Sherman is 
 said to have been among these prisoners, and 
 when his turn came to run his chance, he, in 
 view of the officers who directed the execution, 
 gave a Masonic sign. Immediately the pro- 
 ceedings were suspended, a short consultation 
 was held, and Sherman was ordered into close 
 custody to be taken to London for trial, the 
 result of which is unknown. 
 
 These summary executions at Sandwich, 
 where the unfortunate men were overpowered 
 and disarmed, were universally censured, and 
 Colonel Prince and his associates in the matter 
 were blamed by high authority in the British 
 Parliament. A special court of inquiry was 
 ordered to ascertain and report the facts to the 
 Government. The coiiimission sat several days 
 at Sandwich, and probably made a report, but 
 the matter seems to have been dropped. After 
 the excitement of the moment was past and the 
 time for cool reflection had arrived, many acts 
 which a strict criticism could not approve were 
 passed over as belonging to the troubles of the 
 times. Colonel Prince had a difficult part to 
 act. His life had been repeatedly threatened, 
 and his residence at the " Park Farm " had to 
 bo guarded nightly to protect it from the in- 
 cendiary and his life against the knife of the 
 assassin. He was an officer of the peace and of 
 the militia, and was compelled to act upon the 
 spur of the moment, with a large and perhaps 
 loose authority, without direction from the 
 colonial authorities. He felt that murderers 
 and brigands had invaded his country, and in 
 a moment of excitenient he did what he him- 
 self probably regretted afterwards. Public sen- 
 timent in Michigan ran high against him, and 
 for some time he thought it prudent not to 
 
THE PATRIOT WAR. 
 
 213 
 
 visit our sitlo of the river. But tinio wore 
 away, and with it the prejudices and recollec- 
 tions of the past. The Colonel has since filled 
 high puhlic stations at home, and has been and 
 is highly respected at home and abroad. There 
 are few who know him who are not glad to 
 meet him anywhere and take him by the hand. 
 
 It is well known that the Canadian and 
 lii'itish authorities soon crushed out I'cbellion 
 at home, and repelled all assaults from abroad. 
 Prescolt and Nan\- Island, and Scblosser, and 
 Windsor, and Hickory- Island, and also Fight- 
 ing Island, in the river about three miles below 
 Detroit, where there was a small skirmish, or 
 an attempt to skirmish, between the Canadian 
 militia and a few hundred "Patriots," the 
 latter having among other arms of all sorts, 
 a four-pound piece without a carriage and 
 mounted on rails, are all distinctly remem- 
 bered. Papino and McKenzie, and the gallant 
 and unfortunate von Schoultz, and Lount and 
 Mathews arc well remembered. But the British 
 Government took measures to reform abuses 
 and to improve the constitution and the Cana- 
 dian people. Upper and Lower Canada were 
 brought under one colonial government, and in 
 short the wishes of the people were, in the 
 main, gratified. The disaffection, which with 
 better management might have resulted in 
 complete revolution, passed awaj' entirely. It 
 may well be doubted if a political revolution 
 could now be brought about at all in Canada. 
 Nor can the subject of annexation to the United 
 States be seriously entertained, nor probably 
 any disturbance of the imperial relation with 
 the mother country. The people of the neigh- 
 boring ])rovinces seem, in short, to be .satisfied. 
 They may not subscribe to the doctrine of 
 "popular sovereignty,' but they are in a 
 condition to make their wishes known and 
 respected. 
 
 1 add an extract from a letter of Caleb F. 
 Davis, one of the old Brady (luard, written a 
 number of years after the Patriot Wai-: 
 
 •' Need I sa3' how the recollection of those 
 days aron.sed the almost forgotten glories of the 
 old Brad}- Guards in their first service in the 
 army of Uncle Sam, under the command of 
 that old veteran of the War of 1812, Brigadier- 
 General Hugh Brady. Well do I recollect the 
 night of which you speak, when the Pati-iots, 
 refugees from Canada, left tlieir encampment, 
 niarcheii to the steamer and crossed to the 
 
 dominions of her Majesty. But you are mis- 
 taken in saying that I was with them. As the 
 article reads one would infer that I was one of 
 the Patriot expedition. I was only one of a 
 number of tiie Brady Guards who were pres- 
 sent when the ex])edition sailed ; we were then 
 in the service of the United States and were 
 merely lookers on and sj-mpathizers, wishing 
 CJoil speed and success to the movement. I 
 have an indistinct recollection of being with 
 3^ou on that night, meeting the Patriot lorce, I 
 think, sonu'whei-e on Jefferson avenue, and 
 marching with them to the boat on which 
 they sailed to Lake St. Clair and landed on the 
 Canada side. On the wharf I first saw- John 
 II. ILirmon. He was an aid to General Bierce, 
 from Ohio. I knew the movement was to take 
 place that night, as did many of the Guards. 
 A strict sense of duty on our part called for 
 information to be given our commander, but 
 the truth is, we were, as were many of the reg- 
 ulars, full of sympathy with the Canadian 
 struggle foi- independence, and could not bo- 
 tray them. 
 
 " I was out all that night, waiting the sum- 
 mons to the armory, which was sure to be 
 sounded sooner or later; witnessed the attack 
 of the Patriots on Windsor, tiie capture of that 
 place, burning of the public store-houses, the 
 government steamer at the wharf, and the bar- 
 racks. Soon after daylight the bugle call of 
 the Guards was sounded in various parts of the 
 cit}-, which was the summons to repair to the 
 armory. We were f50onin marching orderand 
 embarked on a large steamer and jiatrolcd the 
 river for most of the daj'. 
 
 " The result of that expedition was disastrous. 
 Troops soon arrived from Maiden with a bat- 
 ter}-, recaptured Wind.sor and drove the Pa- 
 triots in all directions. We picked up a largo 
 number, but I do not recollect seeing John II. 
 Harmon among them, but he was captured, 
 among others, by our forces, while escaping 
 fi-om the British. 
 
 " Do you recollect the second jear of that 
 war? Your remembrance of those old times 
 brings vividlj- to mind the service of our old 
 (•omi)any that year. The battle of Fighting 
 [slanil cameoff in February, 1838. The Patriots 
 in large force had taken possession of that 
 island, and were promised a supply of arms, etc. 
 Two companies of the Fifth Infantry and tlic 
 Brady Guards were on duty to intercept and 
 
214 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 capture a]l arms and war material attempting 
 to be supplied the Patriot army. Thie was 
 effectual, and the poor Patriots with few anus 
 and little ammunition were soon driven from 
 the island. 
 
 '• At one time after the firing began our com- 
 pany was deployeiJ on the ice, our lines ex- 
 tended to near the foot of the island, wbile the 
 British were firing from the heights on the 
 main land. A nine-pounder s<jlid shot struck 
 the root of a large tree sfjrne ten yards from 
 where I was posted, bounded off and rolled on 
 the ice. I ran for it and after something of a 
 chase captured and brought it off. I was 
 always proud of this present from her Majesty's 
 troops, and as our relations with the British 
 lion were at tljat period considered precarious, 
 and a rupture prol^able, I was expeclirig an op- 
 portunity- to return the riine-j>ounder with 
 wmplimeuts. J therefore gave it a coat of 
 black paint and plac^ed upon it the followijig 
 inscription : 
 
 " ' Presented to C". F. Davis by the subjects 
 of her Britannic Majesty, at the battle of Fight- 
 ing Island, on the 28th day of February, 1838.' 
 But I was disappointed in this. The Patriots 
 were subduci, pea*e reigned on the frontiers, 
 and the wished-for opportunity to send the l.>all 
 with our 'y^mplimentsto the hands from whence 
 it came was lost forever. 
 
 "Those were exciting times indeed, and the 
 recollection of the Sf^enes and incident* of those 
 years''1837-8), the marches in the depth of win- 
 ter arnid ice and snow to capture arms and 
 hreak up encampments, can never be forgotten 
 by those who participated in the service of 
 Uncle Sam on the frontier of Michigan. 
 
 "But where are the a/.-t'.irs now? Most of 
 
 them have passed on to the other shore, where 
 war and its attendant horrors are unknown. I 
 can not think of those days without the faces 
 of my old comrades rising before me : Captain 
 Eowland, Lieutenant Ashlej- and Lieutenant 
 Armstrong, .Sergeant Mullett, C. M. and George 
 Bull. B. B. Moore, mj- brother, George P. Davie, 
 and John Winder. Most of the company- mus- 
 tered into into service at that time have de- 
 parted this life. I think there are few surviv- 
 ors, ' 
 
 In closing the historj- of the Patriot War. I 
 mention with pleasure the eminent services of 
 Colonel Henr}' .Smith, of Monroe, a retired 
 officer of the L'nited Slates Army, who had be- 
 come distinguished in theBlacklJawk Waraiid 
 as one of General Scott's staff. He is highl3- es- 
 teemed in this e'.>mmunity as a jrallant officer 
 and exemplary- memljer of the Protestant 
 Episcopal church of Monroe, and an accomp- 
 lished gentleman. Upon the <ya]\ of Governor 
 Mason he organized from the city and county 
 of Monroe between .%0 and COO volunteers, 
 and with great promptness marched to Gibral- 
 ter, the head'juarters of the " Patriots,' and at 
 the close of the war at a public meeting presided 
 over by Lucius Knapp, and with Walton W. 
 Murphy as secretary, the following resolution 
 was passed : 
 
 "Re^Aved, That the thanks of the Monroe 
 volunteers called out by General Henry Smith 
 upon the requisition of Governor Stevens T. 
 Miison to preserve the neutrality of the Gov- 
 ernment between the UniUid Stat<.'S and Great 
 Britain, be presented to General Henry Smith 
 for his generous treatment of the volunteers 
 while on duty at Gibralter. " 
 
CHAPTr:R XIX. 
 
 RAILROADS. 
 
 WITH no moans of communication with the 
 outer world tlie lot of tlie pioneer would 
 simply mean a hand-to-hand strujii;'© with iin- 
 siihdued nature, and defeat and death as the 
 final scene. Whether in his original journe}' 
 he travel on foot, guiding his course by blaz- 
 ing the trees or following the trail of the 
 primeval inhabitant, the Indian, or whether 
 with creaking wagon he threads the primitive 
 road, his means of eommunication with those 
 lel\ behind constitutes his greatest safety. For 
 bv that path can re-entbrcenients come to aid 
 him in his warfare against nature, by it can 
 the products of his toil go to swell the tide of 
 the world's commerce, by it can he retreat 
 wMien pressed by savage foe. 
 
 Hut to the pioneei-s of Monroe county com- 
 munication with the outside world did not 
 mean what it does now, but something so rad- 
 ically' ditterent that the young man of the 
 present day can have, at best, but a faint con- 
 ception of it. In lS;il a young man who had 
 but recently arrived in the village of Adrian 
 from " York State,"' wanted to obtain a small 
 stock of goods from Detroit. Monroe was the 
 nearest port, and bright and early one morning 
 he started for Monroe on foot. The road was 
 a primitive one, and settlers few and far be- 
 tween, it hatl rained, and the walking was 
 heavy. The tirsl night found him at a tavern 
 near the present site of Dundee ; the second 
 day brought him to Monroe. -Vfter he had 
 procured his goods and mad^ arrangements 
 for them to be hauled by wagon to .\drian he 
 started on the return journey, still on foot. 
 Arrived at a tavern near the site of the 
 liresent village of hla, he tbund a teamster 
 there who was going a part of the way toward 
 \ li-ian the next day. The road was so heavy 
 It riding upon the load was impossible; but 
 i"v the sake of company along the lonely way, 
 he concluded to remain at the tavern over 
 night and accompany the freighter's wagon 
 
 on foot the next morning. The literary re- 
 sources of the hotel were not extensive; they 
 consisted of a copy of the Bible and a much 
 worn almanac of the year 1830 : so after a 
 hearty su})per of biscuits, butter, milk, fried 
 pork and venison, at a little after eight o'clock 
 he retired to rest. Before the first gray streaks 
 of dawn appeared in the eastern sky he was 
 called to a breakfast much like the supper of the 
 night before, except that the biscuits were re- 
 placed by corn meal griddle cakes. .\fter 
 breakfast he indulged in a glass of cider and 
 called for his bill, and these were the items: 
 Supper, (j cents ; lodging, (> cents; breakfast, 
 t) cents; cider, 3 cents : total, 21 cents. Having 
 liquidated his indebtedness to " mine host" he 
 started on foot alongside the freighter, and late 
 that evening walked into the village of-\drian, 
 whither a week or two afterward his goods 
 followed him. That footsore pedestrian who 
 knew by experience the means of commuitica- 
 tion used by the pioneers of ilichigan was 
 destined to have a wide influence over the 
 means of communication in the years to come, 
 though at the date of his journey the post- 
 chaise and the stage-coach were the best facili- 
 ties for travel the world afforded. That young 
 man was J. H. Cleveland, destined nine years 
 afterward to be the first superintendent of the 
 -Michigan Southern Railroad. 
 
 In the " Pennsylvania Railroad — Historical 
 and Descriptive, " a work devoted to an intelli- 
 gent and faithful chronicle of the rise of one of 
 the greatest transportation companies America 
 has yet .seen, the artist, Darley, in a frontis- 
 piece entitled " The Old Ways, ' has per))etu- 
 ated by his pencil a most graphic delineation 
 of the methods of travel and transportation in 
 the times of the pioneers. In the foreground 
 and half way up a hillside stands the country 
 tavern, its sign suspended between two posts 
 on the side of the road which passes its door. 
 On its porch in various attitudes is a group 
 [215] 
 
216 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 awaiting the arrival of the stage-coach, which, 
 with a head at everj' window, its roof covered 
 with luggage and its driver's whip curling in 
 the air, is just drawing nigh. In the fore- 
 ground, creeping along, is a large " Conestoga '" 
 wagon, with bent hoops supporting a canvas 
 covering to protect its load from the rain ; two 
 buckets, one for tar and one for water, swing- 
 ing to its hind axle; while in the valley to the 
 right is seen a canal boat being slowly drawn 
 toward a bridge in the far perspective. If we 
 oinit the canal boat and put the wayside tavern 
 upon a plain instead of perched upon a hill- 
 side, the picture would be as true of Monroe 
 county in 1830 as of Pennsylvania. The stage- 
 coach, however, has long since disappeared 
 from the highway. For many years one, and 
 probably the last one, of the old-fashioned stage- 
 coaclies of the pioneer days to be found in 
 Michigan, was kept in one of the warehouses 
 at the dock, the property of J. M. Sterling ; 
 but this was destroyed in the fire of 1884. The 
 country inns, too, have seen theirglorj' depart, 
 though at various places in the county the old 
 buildings may still be seen. On the road from 
 Toledo to Adrian, on the road from Toledo to 
 Monroe, and along the old " Chicago turnpike, " 
 at Erie, at Laselle, at Brest and in Raisinville 
 samples of the old buildings still exist, either 
 remodeled into dwellings or standing forlorn by 
 the roadside, mute, deserted and crumbling 
 monuments of " a day that is past.'' 
 
 When in 1831 Mr. Cleveland made his jour- 
 ney from Adrian to Monroe and return, using 
 that conveyance which nature alone provides, 
 in Great Britain were sprouting the seeds of 
 an industry destined to revolutionize the com- 
 merce of the world. The Stockton and Dar- 
 lington Railway had been eomjjleted and was 
 in operation some years previously, but iiad 
 only been used for the transportation of freight ; 
 only two years before (1829) Steplionson had 
 made his famous trial trip with the " Rocket " 
 upon the Liverpool and Manchester Railway 
 (afterwards a portion of the magnificent Lon- 
 don and Northwestern system). The first ex- 
 perimental train load of passengers was drawn 
 across Chatmoss, January 1, 1830, and the 
 line was opened ibr public travel September 15, 
 1830. The Jjeicester and Swannington Railway 
 (the prccur.sor of the Midland system) was 
 opened the 17th of July, 1832. We are accus- 
 tomed to boast of the rapidity with which this 
 
 generation takes up and adopts the inventions 
 of science, but a comparison with those days 
 will convince us that " progress ' was as mucii 
 the watchword in 1830 and later as at present. 
 In less than a year after the Leicester and Swan- 
 nington line was opened, and less than two 
 years after the opening of the first railway 
 canying I3a.s.sengers, the territorial legislature 
 of Michigan was asked for a charter for a rail- 
 way. It was promptly granted April 22, 1833,* 
 and empowered the corporators to construct a 
 railroad from Port Lawrence (now Toledo, and 
 then within the boundaries of the State of 
 Miehiganf) to the village of Adrian and ihenoe 
 to some point upon the waters of the Kalama- 
 zoo river, and to use as means of locomotion 
 animals, steam engines, locomotives, or any 
 other force. This was be known as the " Brie 
 and Kalamazoo Railroad. " With this charter 
 begins the history of railroads in Michigan, 
 and some few miles of the original road (from 
 a mile northwest of Sylvania, Ohio, to a short 
 distance west of the village of Ottawa Lake) 
 now a portion of the Michigan Division of the 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway-, 
 is within the borders of Monroe county. 
 
 Thoujjh chartered in 1833 the project slum- 
 bered, and it was not till three years afterward 
 that any real work was done ; the fii-st section 
 of the road. Port Lawrence to Sylvania, ten 
 miles, being opened in 1830. The roadbed was 
 composed of wooden stringers laid on ties, with 
 strap iron spiked upon the stringers. The cars 
 were a modified form of stage-coacii ; the mo- 
 tive power, horses. But new life was infused 
 into the undertaking the succeeding year. A 
 locomotive (the "Adrian, No. 1") was con- 
 tracted for to arrive as early in 1837 as the 
 steamers on Lake Erie could bring it, and the 
 remaining twenty-three miles, Sylvania to 
 Adrian via Palmyra, was built and oj)cned for 
 travel in 1837. The locomotive arrived June 
 20, 1837, but the road was operated by hor.se- 
 power till August, when the locomotive began 
 to wake the echoes in the woods by the way- 
 side. The passenger car run on the Erie and 
 Kalamazoo was a cumbersome affair, prone to 
 leave the track on slight provocation, and 
 having arrangements for two " decks '' of pas- 
 sengers. The freight cars were small, carry- 
 ing thirty barrels of flour for a load. In 1836 
 
 * Territorial Laws of Michigan, V'ol. fll. 
 t See chapter an the " Toledo War." 
 
Railroads. 
 
 2r 
 
 the hoard of direetoi's Issued a " tariff, " passen- 
 ger and frcigbt combined, wliieli is a marvel 
 of .simplicity and conciseness. Tiie fare in 
 tlic " plea.stire car," Toledo to Adrian, was 
 "twelve shillings," each passenger being al- 
 lowed to carry fifty jjounds of baggage free, 
 [•'rciglit between Toledo and Adrian was four 
 shillings per hundred ]iounds ; salt, $1.00 jicr 
 harrel. 
 
 'I'he Toledo /i/rt'/f iliily chronicled the arrival 
 of the locomotive with a few words of cditoi-ial 
 coniinont, and (in its issue of June 20,18:!") 
 inserted the following advertisement of the 
 (■onipany : 
 
 It affords us i)leasure to announce the iirrival nf 
 tlie long cxi>ectecl locomotive (Adrian I'.uldxvin No. 
 80) for the Kric and Kalamazoo Railroad. Theliusi- 
 ncss of our place has been endjarrasscd for want of 
 it : floods have accumulated at our wharves faster 
 than we couhl transport them into the interior on 
 cars drawn by horses, and as a natural consequence 
 several of our warehouses are now crowde<i to their 
 utmost capacity. It is expected that the engine will 
 be in operation in a f<'\v days, and then, we trust, 
 goods and merchandi.se will be forwarded as fast as 
 they arrive!. .\ little allowance, however, must be 
 made for the time necessary to disencuudier our 
 warehou.ses of the large stock alreaily on hand. 
 
 AOVEItTISKMKXT. 
 
 TO I'.MK.UANT.S ANIi TKAVKI.KRS. 
 
 The Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad is now in full 
 
 operation between 
 
 XOI.KDO AMD AI>KIAM. 
 
 During the ensuing sea.son trains of cars will run 
 daily to Adrian, there connecting with a line of 
 Stages for the West, Michigan City, Chicago and 
 Wisconsin Territory. 
 
 Emigrants and others destined for Indiana, Illi- 
 nois and the Western part of Michigan 
 
 ^'.gr Will Save Two Dayx^,^! 
 and the corresponding expense, by taking this 
 route in preference to the more lengthened, tedious 
 and ex])ensive route heretofore traveled. 
 
 All baggage at the risk of the owners. 
 
 EDWARD BIS.SELL,) Commissioners 
 W. P. D.VNIEI.S, - K. & K. R. R. 
 
 (iEOlUiE CRANE, ) Co. 
 A. IH'CillES, .'Superintendent Western ."^tage 
 Company. 
 
 The captious traveler of to-day might be 
 puzzled to know how long the "ensuing season" 
 lasted, and at what hours the trains arrived 
 and lieparteil. 
 
 This road had a stormy existence t()r some 
 twelve years. During its early days it earned 
 from (il'teen to twenty per cent upon its capital, 
 but in 1840 the competition with the Michigan 
 Southern began, which will be noticed in con- 
 nection with the story of that road, and though 
 it adopted the modern expedient of " feeders " 
 by starling a branch i-oad from Palmj^ra to 
 Jaclssonbui'gh (now Jackson, but which never 
 was built beyond Teoumseh till IS")?), and not- 
 withstanding it was allied by the State of 
 .Michigan in this lattei- project, it soon became 
 embai'rasse<l ; was run a portion of the time by 
 a board of directors, sometimes b\- trustees aji- 
 l)oitited by llie board, and part of the time by 
 a receiver at the Toledo end and a commis- 
 sioner in Adrian; wa.s a perpetual defendant 
 in the courts; was .sold under numerous legal 
 judgments in 18 IS to Washington Hunt, of 
 Lock])ort, N. Y., ami (icorge Bliss of Massa- 
 chusetts, and was b}- tbem in 184!) leased \)ev- 
 petually to its (luondam rival, the Michigan 
 Southern, the succe.s.sor of which slill operates 
 it as a portion of its main line, liut its stormy 
 childhood and youth have been succeeded by 
 an ago of peace and ])rosperity, for the " Hrio 
 and Kalamazoo Railroad Company " still exists, 
 and draws from the trt^asury of the Lake .Shoi-e 
 and Michigan Southern Kailw.ay ('oin]iany the 
 annual rental of SHO.OOO. 
 
 One who stands by the side of the I'ailroad 
 to-day and sees magnificent trains of ba','gage, 
 smoking, passenger and sleeping cars go thun- 
 dering by, can have but a faint conception of 
 the railroading of fifty yeai's ago. Mr. C. P. 
 Iceland, the auditor of the present Lake Shore 
 and Michigan Southern JJailway Oomjiany, lias 
 been for j-ears an enthusiastic student of its 
 history; and after much trouble and inquiry 
 succeeded in obtaining so complete a descrij)- 
 tion of tho celebrated " pleasure car "of the 
 old Erieand Kalamazoo, that be bad a drawing 
 of it made, together with the engine, " Adrian 
 No. 1," thus forming an accurate picture of the 
 passenger train of 1887, to enjoy the privileges 
 of which the intending passenger was eom- 
 ]>e-lled to deliver up " twelve sbilling.s." Tho 
 drawing was submitted to tho inspection of old 
 ])eople who had l)oth seen tiie car and ridden 
 in it, and is vouched fijr as correct. 
 
218 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 FIRST LOCOMOTIVE ON THE ERIE & KALAMAZOO RAILROAD. 
 
 This car was divided into compartmeuts. 
 after tiie manner still pursued on English and 
 Continental railways, and had three compart- 
 ments, each when full holding eight passengers 
 — twenty-four in all. The floor of the middle 
 compartment was somewhat higher than the 
 end ones, and there was a projecting box be- 
 low the general level of the ear floor. This 
 left a box-like space between the end compart- 
 ments and beneath the middle one, and in this 
 the baggage of the jjassengers was stowed. 
 The road advertised (with numerous exclama- 
 tion marks), "Toledo to Adrian — thirty-three 
 miles — and return the same day ! ! ! ! ' 
 
 Of the " delights of travel " in those early 
 days, Mr. Leland has a graphic description 
 from an old Erie and Kalamazoo emploj'c, who 
 writes : 
 
 " During most of the year 1841 I was em- 
 ployed as repairing agent of the Erie and Kala- 
 mazoo Railroad, then in operation between 
 Toledo and Adrian. According to schedule 
 time, a passenger train with one coach would 
 leave Toledo in the morning, make the run to 
 Adrian, and return to Toledo in the afternoon, 
 arriving about (! p. m. The passenger car then 
 used was about the size now in use upon street 
 railroads, and was divided into three compart- 
 ments, each liaving a front and rear scat facing 
 each other and running tVom side to side of 
 the car, with a side entrance to each compart- 
 ment. The track was ironed with the flat bar 
 ' strap rail,' as it was called. As mj^ home 
 was in Toledo 1 found it necessary to go on 
 each Monday morning over the road, spend- 
 ing the week in making such repairs as were 
 
 necessary, and returning home on Saturdaj' 
 evening. 
 
 " In December, 1841, one iSaturdav the train 
 left Toledo on time for Adrian. I was then at 
 Palmjra, intending to take the train for 
 Adrian and return to Toledo that evening. 
 Owing to a severe storm of rain, freezing as it 
 fell, the track became covered with ice. The 
 train reached Palmyra about 4 p. m. I entered 
 the middle compartment of the car as the train 
 started for Adi-ian, and met in the car J. Baron 
 Davis and wife, of Toledo, sitting in the for- 
 ward seat. Being acquainted with them, I 
 thought I would take a seat with them, but 
 seeing the cushion upon the seat out of ])lace,l 
 took the rear seat, facing the one I had rejected. 
 We had not gone more than half a mile from 
 Palmyra when a ' snake head,' as they were 
 called (the loosened end of one of the flat bars, 
 or strap rails, which, caught b}- the wheel 
 which should ])ass over it, was torn from the 
 stringer and forced upward), came crashing 
 through the floor of the car, passing diagonally 
 through the seat I had left vacant, the end of 
 the bar striking me in mj'^ neck under the 
 chin, and pushing me backward with such 
 force as to break through the panel work par- 
 tition which divided the compartments of the 
 car. Just at this moment the other end of the 
 bar was torn from the track and carried along 
 with the ear. Recovering my consciousness a 
 little, I found myself with head and shoulders 
 protruding through thebroken partition, while 
 I held the assaulting 'snake head' firmly 
 grasped in both my hands. Being a stormy 
 day I had an extra amount of clothing about 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 219 
 
 my neck, which the bar did not penetrate, so 
 that my injuries were not serious. The train 
 was stopped. Frederick Bi.ssell, the i-onductor, 
 was much frightened. Before leaving the spot, 
 the guilty 'snake head' was once more spiked 
 down and wo moved on, reaciiing Adrian at C> 
 p. M., having made tiio run of thirty-tiireo 
 miles in ten hours. 
 
 '• The train lofl Adrian for Toledo at 7 i'. m., 
 and worked its way along over the ice covered 
 track until we got out of wood and water, 
 when we picked up sticks in the woods and 
 ro])ienisiied the fire, and with pails dipped up 
 water from the ditches and fed the boiler, and 
 made another run toward Toledo. Passing 
 Sylvaniu we got the train to a point four miles 
 from Toledo, when being again out of steam, 
 wood and water, we came to the conclusion 
 that it would be easier to foot it the rest of the 
 way, than to try to get the train along any 
 farther. So we left the locomotive and cars 
 standing upon the track and walked into the 
 city, reaching there at about 2:30 a. m. I was 
 rather lame and sore from contact with the 
 'snake head,' but gratified that we were en- 
 joying the 'modern improvement' — railway 
 travel. " 
 
 Between the dale of the territorial charter 
 to the Erie and Kalamazoo, and the journey' 
 narrated above, several changes had taken 
 jilace. The valiant but bloodless "Toledo War' 
 had been fought; that confiict in which the 
 gallant troops 
 
 — "inarched up tlie hill, 
 .\nJ then marched down again," 
 
 and returned to the " Peninsula" covered with 
 dust and glory; the Territory of Michigan had 
 been received into the sisterhood of States, not 
 exactly with the boundaries she coveted, for 
 she had been com])ellcd to exchange the 
 — " long, low level of lonesome land " 
 for the rugged sliores and pathless forests of 
 the Upper Peninsula, and was inclined to 
 grumble about it, as mankind are generally 
 prone to do at blessings in di-sguise ; the strip 
 of territory invaded by the heroes of the 
 Toledo war had been set as a jewel in the crown 
 of Ohio; prosaic Port Lawrence no longer ex- 
 isted, but romantic Toledo occupied its former 
 site; another railway had been put into opera- 
 tion from the citj' of Monroe westward, whose 
 tale is soon to be told; a vigorous rivalry ex- 
 
 isted between the new Toledo and the new 
 Monroe, destined to last tor eight j-ears from 
 the date of the adventurous journey narrated 
 above; several new railroads had been pro- 
 jected and partially built, as will be noted far- 
 ther on, and the fever of " internal imjirove 
 meiits " had taken fast hold of the State of 
 Michigan and was fiercely raging. 
 
 Among the projected railroads but oik' ]iar- 
 ticularl^', and two incidentally, concern the 
 present history. The one of particular in- 
 terest was the" liiver Raisin and Lake Erie." 
 It may be remarked en pii.fsant that the pro- 
 jectors of this line must have been remark- 
 »ablj^ modest men. They might have christened 
 it the " Atlantic and Pacific," or the "Trans- 
 continental," after the usual custom, but they 
 were contented to give it an appellation which 
 even fell short of its plans, though, strangely 
 enough, it exactly described its termini. It 
 was projected to extend from some point on 
 Lake Krieat or near LaPhiisance Ba3-, through 
 the village of Monroe to Dundee, thence to 
 Blisstield, and thence to some connecting jwint 
 on the Lake Eric and Kalamazoo, presumably 
 Tecuniseh, which was located upon the " Pal- 
 myra and Jack.sonburgh "' feedei' of the Ei'ie 
 and Kalamazoo. The liivcr Raisin and Lake 
 Erie as built, however, was two and a half miles 
 long, was later sold to the State lor S:^2,500, 
 about its cost, and its termini were respectively 
 the citj' of Monroe and Lake Fa-'ig. In its 
 short career as an individual railroad it never 
 arrived at the dignity of owning a locomotive, 
 but its trains were drawn b^- horses. The pro- 
 jected roads, which are only incidentally' con- 
 nected with this history, were the Detroit and 
 I'ontiac (later a portion of the Detroit, Grand 
 Haven and Milwaukee), and the Detroit an<l 
 St. Joseph, the original germ of the Michigan 
 Central. The River Raisin and Lake Ei-ie was 
 chartered by the legishiture March 20, l.SliG; 
 but a few dajs less than a year thereafter 
 (M;irch 20 and 21, 1837) two acts were ))assed 
 which materiallj' affected the status of these 
 roads, as well as of the Erie and Kalamazoo. 
 
 In its later years as a Territory, and its early 
 years as a State, Michigan had been advancing 
 in population with rapid strides. By steamer 
 and sailing vessel, by wagon, on horseback and 
 on foot, a continuous stream of people was 
 flowing into her borders, coming to " spy out 
 the land." The heavily timbered lands of 
 
■220 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 MoDi-oo county, while giving; evidence of a 
 rich and almost exbaustlcss soil, deterred set- 
 tlement on account of the labor requisite to 
 clear tlie land, and the tide of humanity swept 
 through it and around it. The report of the 
 observers was generally a favorable one, and 
 families followed the men who had " come to 
 Michigan." Through what is now the southern 
 tiers of counties, numerous hamlets sprang up 
 in the wilderness, clear to the borders of Lake 
 Michigan on tbc west. The great concomitant 
 of prosperity — cheap land — was abundant. 
 The countrj^, which an early .explorer charac- 
 terized as " unfit for human habitation, swampy 
 and unhoaltliy, and which ])robably never 
 would sustain a large number ot" inhabitants," 
 was raijidly being cleared up by the sturdy 
 strokes of the pioneer, and made to yield gen- 
 erous iiarvests by the aid of his oxen. It was 
 a season of prosi)erity which would have 
 ripened into a sturdy, healthful and vigorous 
 growth had legislative hands been kept off it. 
 But the}' were not. 
 
 The reader of the slor^' of "Law's Missis- 
 si])]ii Bubble," will wonder at tbc credulity of 
 human kind. But each generation, almost, 
 sees a financial craze of a similar character, 
 thougli the particular details of its development 
 differ. The era of prosjierity in the State only 
 stimulated its inhabitants with a desire for a 
 still greater prosperity, and induced a specula- 
 tive fever which bciian to formulate ilself into 
 a demand that the State undertake a system of 
 internal im])rovemonts. 
 
 To swell this rising tide came the sud<len 
 and marvelous growth of Chicago. Originally 
 a few houses clustered on the marshy banks of 
 llie Chicago River around Fort Dearborn, it 
 had rapidly become, thr<nigh speculations in 
 lands, a city of several thousand inhabitants. 
 Ford, in his History of Illinois, saj's : "The 
 story of the sudden fortunes made tlmre ex- 
 cited at first wonder and amazement; next, a 
 gambling sjiii'it of advc^nture ; and lastly, an 
 all-absorbiiig desire for sudden and sj)lendid 
 wealth. . . The eastern people caught 
 
 the mania. Every vessel coming west was 
 loaded with them, their money and means, 
 l»onnd for Chicago, the gi-eat faii'yiand of foi'- 
 lunes." From every hamlet and settlement 
 in Jllinois the <-vy went to the legislature, 
 " Ititeriial Improvements!" ('andidatcs for 
 legislative honors vied with each other in ex- 
 
 travagant promises ; nor were they allowed to 
 forget them when the legislature was in session, 
 for demands, petitions and memorials were 
 jjoured upon them by their constituents. The 
 reasoning of these statesmen was terse and 
 ajiparently unanswerable. "If we have rail- 
 roads," they said, "emigration will come to us; 
 emigration will develop a demand for our 
 lands ; a demand for our lands will increase 
 their value; increased value will so increase 
 the t ixes that we can afford to pay interest on 
 the bonds necessary to build the railroads ; and 
 the earnings of the railroads themselves will 
 eventually pay the bonds." Everybody was to 
 be benefited at nobody's expense. It was the 
 old plan of running a pump by a watcrwheel, 
 which, in turn, was to bo operated by the 
 water wliich the pump would raise. It was 
 perfect in theory; the only trouble was, that 
 when it was trie<l, someway it did not woi'k. 
 Illinois began railroads, canals and water im- 
 provements, and apjjropriatcd $12,000,000. 
 
 The same influences which wrought in Illi- 
 nois prevailed in Michigan, and urged by 
 popular clamor, the legislature of 1837 took 
 the bull of" Internal Improvements" by the 
 horns. Ft chartered "Sjji'ing Arbor Semi- 
 nary, " the germ of the present Hillsdale ('ol 
 lege. It provided for the ineor])oration of the 
 ITni versify of Michigan b}' one act, and located 
 it at the village of Ann. Arbor by another. It 
 foreshadowed, by a charter, the jn-cseiit rail- 
 road fi'om Detroit to Toledo, wliich, however, 
 was not built till nearly a score of years after- 
 ward. It authorized numerous " State IJoads.' 
 It provided for the construction of a shij) canal 
 ai'ound the ra|»ids of St. Mai-y's. It providtul 
 for a common school system. It {lassed a 
 " Banking Act.'.' 
 
 On March 20th, Act No. LXVII. provided 
 "That the Board of Commissioners of Internal 
 Improvenionts in tliis State be, and they arc 
 hereby, authorized and directed, as soon as 
 may be, to cause survey's to be made foi- three 
 several railroad routes across the peninsula of 
 Michigan ; the first of said routes to commence 
 at Detroit, in the county of Wayne, and to ter- 
 minate at the mouth of the St. Joseph River, 
 in the county of Berrion, to be denominated 
 tbc Central Railroad. The second of said 
 routes to commence at the navigable waters of 
 the River Raisin, passing thi'ough the village 
 of Monroe, in the county of Monroe, to termi- 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 2-Jl 
 
 iiatoiU Now Hiitlalo, in l!iiTioii (.oiiiity, :iiid to 
 1(0 denoiiiiiiutoii tlic Southern JJuilnnid. Tlic 
 third of siiid routes to commence at Palmer, or 
 at or near the niouHi of BlacU River, in the 
 county of St. Chiir, and to terminate at liie 
 navigable waters of tiie (Ji-arid liivcr, in tiir 
 county of Kent, or on Ijake Michigan, in ihc 
 county of Ottawa, In be denominated liie 
 Nortiiern IJailroad ; which roads sliail bo 
 h)cated on llie most direct and eligible routes 
 between the termini above mentioned.' 
 
 Act No. LXXX'II., a])proved the ne.xt day 
 (March 21, 1S:J7), authorized the governor, in 
 the name and behaif of the jieojile of the Stale, 
 to negotiate a loan or loans, not exceeding on 
 the whole live'million.s of dollars, redeemabU^ 
 at the pleasui'C of the State at any time after 
 the expiration of twenty-five years from Janu- 
 ary 1, 18:!8, on the best and inot<t favorable 
 term.s that, in his judgment, could be obtained, 
 at an interest not to exceed five and one-half 
 jier centum, interest payable half Ncarl}^, to be 
 exjiendcd foi' internal improvements within the 
 State, according to the jtrovisions of law. The 
 second section pi'ovided for the issuance of 
 bonds and their proper execution, and arranged 
 for their sale (which was not to be below par), 
 and the transmission of the proceeds. Section 
 three pledged the faith of the State for the pay- 
 ment of the loans as made by the governor, 
 and empowered him to negotiate these bonds in 
 the United States or in l']urope, as he might 
 deem most advisable for the public interest. 
 The fourth section provided for the governor's 
 contingent exj)enses out of the fund, and the 
 tifth section enacted that the proceeds of all 
 railroads and canals constructed by the Slate, 
 the interest on all loans made from the internal 
 improvement fund, and the dividends on all 
 bank stock owned or thereafter to be owned by 
 the State, so far as the same might be neces- 
 sary, should be set apart, under the direction 
 of the legislature, as a sinking fund to pay the 
 principal and interest on the loan authorized 
 by the act. 
 
 Act No. XCVII., a])]iroved the same day 
 (March 21, 1837), provided lor the regulation 
 of internal improvements and the a])])ointment 
 of a Board of Commissioners. This act pro- 
 vided that the governor of the State should be, 
 ■ / officio, president of such board, but by Act 
 I I ., approved the isamo day, this provision was 
 
 repeale<l. anil it was enaeleil that one of the 
 members should bo its president. 
 
 Act No. LXVII. provided that the commis- 
 sioners should purchase the Detroit and St. 
 Joseph Uailwaj', and incorporate il in the line 
 denominated the (A'ntral. This they proceeded 
 to do ; and this gave the Central an appreci- 
 able start, as some small )iortion of the line had 
 already I>een constructed, it being virtuall_v 
 complete so far as the roadbed was concerned 
 from Detroit to Ypsilanti. The comiiany had 
 expended about 61 17,()(MI ; this the State |iaid, 
 taking the roa<l. 
 
 The appropriati<pn of lSo7 I'oi' the Southern 
 road was S1(M(,OOII; but thei'e w^as only ex- 
 jiended during the year S12,(>lir).t)7. The aj)- 
 priation for 1838 was S:'.r)(),000 ; expended, 823(i,- 
 105.51. This put the first division, Monroe to 
 A<lrian, well under wa}', though it was not 
 completed till the next year. The stringenc}' 
 following the financial depression of 1837 had 
 by this time begun to be felt, and tlu^ .•ippro))ri- 
 ation for 1839 was §100,000. There was ex- 
 pended, however, §227,171. 3S. This completed 
 the road Monroe to Petersburgh, eighteen miles, 
 leaving considerable yet to be done on the 
 fifteen miles from Petersburgh to Adrian. JJur- 
 ing this same year, 1831), the second division, 
 Adrian to Ilillsdale, was located and put under 
 eontra('t ; and the third division, Adrian to 
 Coldwater, was surv(>viil. Out of a total ap- 
 pro)ji'iation of .S550,OOO there had been cx- 
 ]iended about 8475,000, leaving a Ijalance of 
 about 875,000 to the credit of the road from the 
 amount a|)proprialed to it. An attempt was 
 made this year to j)rocure two locomotives of 
 the Baldwins in Philadelphia, but it was found 
 impossible to get them to Michigan before the 
 close of navigation. On October 4, 1838, this 
 firm had shipped from Philadelphia, consigned 
 to the State of Michigan, the locomotive 
 "Ypsilanti," and this was the only motive 
 power used in 1839. It ran " semi-occasion- 
 allj^ " between Monroe and Petersburgh, acting 
 as a construction train engine jirincipallj'. 
 
 In January, 1840, all contracts were ordered 
 stopped. The State had expended about halt 
 a million dollars and there were no retiii-ns. 
 The road was operated by the Commissioners 
 of Internal Improvement, but it had a diffi- 
 cult task. The Central on the north was in 
 operation from Detroit to Ann .\rbor, wiiii 
 
IIISTDKY OK MONUOK COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 arraiin'i'iiu'iits for passorii^ors ami froit^lit be- 
 yond ; on tlio south tlio Erie and Kalamazoo, 
 wliich, sjiurred on by the Michigan acts of 
 1S;>7, had iiastciu'd to get ils road into opera- 
 tion during thai same year, was carrying pas- 
 sengers and freight to Adrian, where it deliv- 
 ered them to the Western Stage Company ; 
 there was access to the wharves at both J)otroit 
 and Toledo, while passengers for the Southern 
 were drawn from LaPlaisance Bay to Monroe 
 by horses over the Eivcr Raisin and Lake Krio 
 Kailroad, whicli required |)ay for the service, 
 and both tlic Central and the Erie and Kalama- 
 zoo were making strenuous cftbrts to build up 
 the resjiective ports of J)ctroit and Toledo, 
 and break down the port of Monroe.* 
 
 Two other circumstances tended to militate 
 against the Soutiiern at this time. The first 
 was the tact that prior to 1830 the county was de- 
 pendent upon Canada, Ohio and New York for 
 its supplies of beef, flour and pork, not raising 
 enough for liomo consumption. Thus it ottered 
 but meager freight earnings to the new road. 
 The second wus the fact that it had become 
 painfully aiijiareiil the ?5, 000, 0(10 im])rovemcnt 
 fund would not be realized, and that the South- 
 ern and the Central would not both be able to 
 roach the shores of Lake Michigan. With this 
 too, came rumors of a change of commissioners, 
 and the aj^pointnient of one coverti}' hostile 
 to the Southern and in favor of the Central 
 route. 
 
 * Durhii; the summer of lSo7 the Lake Erie and 
 Iviver Kiiisin liiiilroad Company, l)y its president, 
 Jauics Q. Adams, purcha.sed at a manufactory in 
 Troy, N. Y., two splendid passenger cars, which 
 wero made to his order. They were jjiven into bis 
 jiossi'ssion, their freightage paid and receipts passed 
 between luni ami ibe makers. A short time after 
 this one of the company being at Troy placed a pri- 
 vate mark upon them. Subsequent to this period 
 one of the agents for the Detroit and St. Joseph I!ail- 
 road by some means succeeded in purchasing of the 
 manufacturers tliese same cars for that road. They 
 were accordingly forwarded to Detroit to the Detroit 
 and St. Josepli Railroad Company. The president of 
 the Uiver Kaisin and Lake Krie Railroad Company 
 being informeil of the fact went to J>etroit ami re- 
 plevined and took the cars. While in the act of 
 moving one of them to the boat, the sled on which 
 it was placed was stuck in tlie mire — the horses 
 balked, and he was obhged to leave it until the 
 next morning. On coming to the spot at that time 
 a multitude surrountlod the sled, removed it, and 
 left the car standing on blocks in the mire. A new 
 sled was procured, and after some resistance the car 
 
 The fiscal year of tlic raili-oads ended on the 
 HOth of November. During the year 1840, the 
 construction of the Soutlieru progressed but 
 slowly-. There was expended during this year 
 up to November 30th the sum of ,<?1 12,114, and 
 on the last day of the fiscal j'oar the first train 
 ran triumphantly into Adrian amid great re- 
 joicings. Adrian at last had that great tlesidcr- 
 atuin of the modern age — a "competing line." 
 During the year the TJiver Kai.sin and l>ake 
 Krie had been purchased by the Stale for the 
 Southern for S:52,5O0, thus enabling it to reach 
 Lake Erie. 
 
 The modern machinery of general managers 
 and general su])erintendents wa.s utiknown in 
 those primitive days. The commissioner man- 
 aged the road, made tariffs, kept the accounts 
 and made the disbursements. The work upon 
 the Southern thus far had been done under the 
 control of General Levi S. Humphrey, then 
 commissioner, wholiesin an unmarked grave in 
 our cemetery. He was succeeded by John Van 
 Fossen. With his incumbency arose the fear 
 that the Southern would sufter, a fear that 
 s])eedily became a certainty. He was a resi- 
 dent of Ypsilanti, on the line of the Central, 
 and his interests were identified with its ex- 
 tension. H had become a matter of certainty 
 that in the then condition of the money mar- 
 ket the §5,000,000 authorized could not be 
 realized, and the probabilities were that the 
 commissioners would be compelled to suspend 
 
 was drawn on one of the wharves. After the car 
 was on the wharf a writ of replevin was issued in the 
 name of the Detroit and St. Joseph Railroad Com- 
 pany, which, in consequence of a wrong direction, 
 proved ineffectual. Meantime the car was put on 
 board of a schooner and removed to the Canada side 
 of the river, .\fter this an arrangement between the 
 president of the railroad company and the superin- 
 tendent of the Detroit road was entered into, by 
 which the latter was allowed to retain for a while 
 the use of the other car. The schooner came over on 
 the .\merican side towards evening, and forgetful of 
 their settlement and arrangement, a rally was made 
 by the Detroit Railroad Company to get the car 
 again into their jiossession. By the timely assistance 
 of the Monroe party, the rope which fastened the 
 schooner was cut, and again the schooner sought the 
 Canada side of the river. A row l)eing about to 
 ensue, she sailed to the middle of the river and lay 
 there until Friday morning. At that time the 
 steamer "Erie" took the car on board. Three cheers 
 loud and long for Monroe were given by the crew, 
 and away she glided for Monroe. The car was 
 landed on the LaPlaisance Bay pier about noon. 
 
KAII.kOAI^S. 
 
 oy.*! 
 
 work willi two iailr<>;ifJfs, cadi ci)tn|ilfl<.'il frofii 
 iiavif^iible walcrM on the caHlerii boumlarius of 
 tlio State lo points in its interior, and neither 
 would l)c al)le to reaeli Lai<e Mieiiit(an. It in 
 allcf^fd that Van Posscn, seoitif; this stale of 
 alVair.s, conceived the idea of ahandonini^ one 
 line and ])iiHliiii;j^ the otlicr tliroii;^h lo cnniiilc- 
 lion. Of courHC the Central was tlie one he 
 decided lo fini.sli, and tiie runioi- "gained fw- 
 dence thai he j)ro|)o.scd to rob tlie Southern to 
 do lliis. There was then lyinjj at the docks at 
 Monroe City a consiL'nnient of strap rail, des- 
 tined for (lie extension of tlie road. Van Fos- 
 sen designed to take this ii'on, remove that 
 already spiked down, and carry the whole to 
 the Central. 
 
 The situation was becoming strained. Mon- 
 roe was on the alert for the first movement in- 
 dic;iling any intention of carrying out the 
 scheme. It soon came. Deacon French, of 
 Detroit, ajijieared in Monroe, accompanied by 
 a number of laborers in wagons, bearing tools 
 and autliorized by Van Fo.ssen to remove the 
 iron. 
 
 On the morning of December 12, 1840, a 
 number of large hand-bills were con-ipicuously 
 |)osted tlirougli the city of .Monroe, bearing the 
 follow ini;: 
 
 1'Kocl.\mation: 
 
 WiiKKKAs, Divers evil ilispo.sed persons and 
 de)ircdator8 <jn jmblic jtroperty, actuated by 
 the devil and John Van Fossen, arc prowling 
 atiout the streets of this city, with the avowed 
 intention of seizing upon and carrying away 
 fi'om the Southern liailroad the iron, sj)ike, etc., 
 now in progress of being placed u))on the I'oad 
 for public utility, and some of which is already 
 spiked to the work ; 
 
 And Whereas, Great and serious itijur}- to 
 the commercial prospects of this city would 
 grow out of such ill-advised conduct; 
 
 A.vn WiiKRKAs, It becomes all good citizens 
 to bear with patience and magnanimity evils 
 that cannot be averted in times of great calam- 
 ity; as it also becomes the dut}' of every ra- 
 tional citizen to protect his rights in limes of 
 opjtrcssion and injustice ; 
 
 JVo'r, Therefore, I hereby, by the authority in 
 
 me invested, call upon all within the precincts 
 
 f this cit}* to assemble at the old court house 
 
 -lunter, at the ringing of the bell, for the 
 i"ir])08e of deliberating uf)0n the best mode of 
 
 |irotccling, wilhoul violence, the public jirop- 
 crty, which of i-ight belongs to (hat portion of 
 the South(;rn liailroad within the limits of this 
 city. 
 
 fJivcn under- my hand and seal al tin- mayor's 
 office, this iL'th day of December, IHH). 
 
 Dan. 15. Mii.i.kk, Mmjor. 
 
 At the ringing of the bell the citizens turned 
 out en manse and packed the old yellow court 
 house to the doors, and numbers gathci'ed in 
 front unable to gain admittance. TIk; meeting 
 was called to order by the mayor; numerous 
 sjjceches were made and great enthusiasm jno- 
 vailed. It was resolved to resist to the utmost 
 any and eV(M'y attemfit to remove the iron, and 
 the meeting dispersed with apparently no for- 
 mulated plan. Deacon French and his laborers 
 found themselves in a very feeble minority, and 
 wisely refrained from any overt act. It is pre- 
 sumed that h<^ communicated with Van Fossen 
 and informed him of the state of affairs, for the 
 next morning the steamer " Erie" drew uji at 
 the wharves and the Bratiy Guards of Detroit 
 filed on shore, with orders to uphold the au- 
 thority of the commissioner. IJut they catn(! 
 too late ; there remained on the docks no iron 
 foi- Deacon French to carry away. 
 
 History may now Icll that which for ycai-s 
 was a jirofbund ni^-stery — how it disap]>cared. 
 While Deacon French was iloubtless congratu- 
 lating himself that the citizens' meeting had 
 ])assed with no definite (dans of resistance ; 
 that the most he would have to encounter 
 would be an unoi-ganizcd rabble of townspeo- 
 ple, without head or jilan ; while he was pi'ob- 
 abl}' wafted away lo dix-ainland with a shrewd 
 smile upon his countenance that the rabble 
 would be surprised and overawed by the troops 
 on the morrow, a small surprise was being 
 arranged foi- the Deacon himself While tlie 
 meeting w'as listening to fervid oratory and 
 shouting "aye" to resolutions, Joseph M. 
 Sterling, William A. Noble, Austin Deano, 
 Waller I', f'lark, James Hall, Charles B. Mar- 
 vin and Looniis I'aliner quietly arranged a 
 plan of action. 
 
 The winter night fell upon the city dai-k ami 
 cold. One by one the t\\inkling lights in the 
 scattered houses disappeared as the tallow 
 candles were extinguished, and the weary 
 burghers sought their jiillows. Midnight came 
 with no soun'l to startle the stillness. Then 
 
224 
 
 II1S1'(JKY OF MONROt; COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 soltly one door aCtcr uiiotlK!!- opened and the 
 plotters, singly or in puirs, sought the docks. 
 With no unnecessary noise they promptly pro- 
 ceeded to ])ush some flat cars by hand up to 
 tlie piles of iron and couple them together. 
 They were vigorous young men, full of that 
 energy which builds majestic commonwealths 
 from the i)rimeval forest, and the}' worked 
 lustily. The iron was soon loaded upon the 
 cars, and two loams were brought out and har- 
 nessed to them — the teams belonging to John 
 Hanson and J. M. Sterling. But an unforeseen 
 difficulty ai'Dsc. Though the men pushed and 
 ])ried and the horses tugged and strained, the 
 heavily laden cars would not nnjve. There 
 was a hurried consultation. The locomotive 
 belonging tothei'oad was in the city, but there 
 was but one man who could manage it — James 
 Kingsland. It was decided to im)iress him 
 into the servic(^ He was awakened, and, with 
 a great deal of reluctance, consented to act. 
 The locomotive was fired up and couj)lcd to the 
 train, and the arch conspirators clambered on 
 board. The slee])ing inhabitants wondered at 
 a train passing in the night, but soon resumed 
 their slumbers. Meantime the cars were creep- 
 ing through the daidcness westward till they 
 reached a point on the Isbell farm, about four 
 miles west of the city, at a place known as the 
 " Bear Hut." Here they halted. Along the 
 road were immense piles of wood, gotten out 
 l)y John Mulhollen in clearing up a portion of 
 his land. There was a deep ditch by the side 
 of the track. First laying stringers in this 
 ditch, the iron was unloaded from the cars 
 upon the stringers in the ditch, and tlien huge 
 jiiles of Avood were placed over it to screen it 
 from observation. When all traces of their 
 work had been removed, the tired schemers 
 were carried back to Monroe to await the 
 events of the coming day. 
 
 Deacon French blithely arose the next morn- 
 ing, and, gathering his hosts, ])roceeded to the 
 dock, expecting to arrive simultaneously with 
 the troops, and to ])roeeed to take the iron 
 lying there. The troops arrived, as did Dea- 
 con French's forces, but they found no iron to 
 move. They tested the bottom of the river, 
 but found nothing; a search in the city was 
 likewise fruitless of results. Then, some ru- 
 mor of a train having been heard during the 
 night reaching his oars, he got out the locomo- 
 tive and a car and proceeded to search along 
 
 the line of the road. There were fearful hearts 
 among those in the secret lest some telltale 
 evidence might betray the hiding-place of the 
 precious rails. But the work had been well 
 done. The Deacon's sharp eyes discovered 
 nothing, though he extended his search to the 
 terminus of the road at Adrian. He then con- 
 cluded that the iron had been thrown into the 
 liiver llaisin at either Pctersburgh or Le lioy 
 (two miles east of Adrian), but search at both 
 these places failing to reveal anything, Ik; I'e- 
 turned to Monroe in discomfiture, and the iron 
 was saved to the Southern. 
 
 At this period the influence of Monroe in the 
 councils of the State, was great. It had been 
 successfully used in securing the aiipointment 
 of General llumjihrey as commissioner; and 
 was again used with avail to get rid of Van 
 Fosscn, his successor. Van Fossen's reign was 
 short and stormy. He failed in his pet scheme 
 of building the Central at the ex])ense of the 
 Southern, and was succeeded by Shubael 
 Oonant, of Detroit. 
 
 Conant was an able and upright man, and 
 the citizens of Monroe felt secui'o that under 
 his administration the Southern would receive 
 fair and im))artial consideration. He issued a 
 circular soliciting information as to the dispo- 
 sition of the j)i"opcrty which had (lisapi)eared 
 from the longing gaze of Deacon French, and 
 without hesitation the information was given 
 and the iron and material restored. 
 
 With an almost depleted treasury and a vig- 
 orous competition on the part of the Fjrie and 
 Kalamazoo, the year 1841 was not a jiartieu- 
 larly prosperous one lor the new road. Train 
 service was instituted and kept up under the 
 direction of the commissioner with some show 
 of regularity. Some iron was obtained and put 
 upon the road west of Adrian upon the section 
 between Adi-ian and Hillsdale, and the second 
 engine, the "Monroe," arrived from Detroit in 
 July. 
 
 The gross earnings of the road for the fi.scal 
 year ending November 30, 1841, were $7,399.21; 
 expenses, $5,098.05 ; net earnings, $2,301.1(1. 
 
 In 1842 an improvement in its (jondition be- 
 gan to be manifest. The management or super- 
 intendency had devolved upon the commis- 
 sioner, but earlj- in this year it was determined 
 to appoint a superintendent, who should have 
 charge of the operation of the line, and the 
 gentleman who, ten years before, had traversed 
 
KAII.KOADS. 
 
 till' lino of tlio riKul on foot, J. II. Clovclami, 
 of Adrian, was offered and accepted tljc posi- 
 tion, taking cliarge in May, 1842. 
 
 lie fouiid the ciiuijiMient in a deiilorabie 
 .■iliape. There were two locomotives owned liy 
 tiie i-oad : tiie " Yjisilanti,' originally from the 
 (Jentral, and which liy hard usage and laclc of 
 re|iair was so neiii'l^' worn out as to be practi- 
 cally Useless, and the " Monroe," comparatively 
 a new engine and ca])aV)le of doing fair sei'vice. 
 Tliei'c were also three pa.ssenger cai's, having 
 four wheels eacii, three dirt car.-J, oiu? rack 
 (cigiit wheels), two very anti(|uc transjiorta- 
 tion or freight cars, which had been in use in 
 1840, together with .some new ones which had 
 been built in 1.S41. The efforts of the Cenlial 
 on lln> cmc hand and the Eric and Ivalania/.no 
 on the other lia<l made seriou.s inroads into the 
 business which the line had anlicijjated would 
 come to it, and upon the whole the outlook 
 was Jiot encouraging. 
 
 Hut Superintendent Clevehind was cnci'getie, 
 and set about improving the shattei-ed fortunes 
 ofthcliiio. Making arrangements with William 
 II. Hoyd-, of Monroe, to furnish some iron and 
 contracting with Pitlshurgli ])arties (ors]>ikc, he 
 prepared to |)Ush the line westward, and b}' the 
 I nil of the jear had the iron two miles west of 
 Clayton. He subdivided his track into sec- 
 tions, the first from Monroe to Ida, the second 
 from Ida to I'etcrsi)ui-gli, the third from Petcrs- 
 L)urgli to Palmyra, the foui-th tVoin Palmyra to 
 Adrian. He also planned tlirec sections west 
 of Adrian, and jjut the first — Adrian to Clay- 
 ton — into commission, and established the 
 second to extend from Clayton to Piltsfbrd, 
 the third from Pitlsfbrd to Hillsdale. Over 
 each section he put a foreman who had two, 
 three, and sometimes four men under him, 
 whose duty it was to see that the track was 
 ke|)t in proper repair. 
 
 The next thing was to establish, if po.ssible, a 
 regular line of vessels to make the port of 
 Monroe, to bring passengers and freight for 
 the road and to receive from it. After con- 
 siderable negotiation he succeeded in obtaining 
 a line of boats consisting of the " (ieneral 
 Scott " (Ca])tain Edwards), the " Fulton " and 
 the " General Harrison.' These were steam- 
 boats and principally devoted to the passenger 
 traffic, though they carried freight as well. In 
 addition to these, numerous sailing vessels 
 
 made the port of Monroe and brought and re- 
 ceived merchandise. 
 
 The com|)etilion of the I'^rie ami Kalamazoo 
 likewise claimed a share of his attention. A 
 firm believer in the virtues of printer's ink, 
 he began to advertise the many ailvantages of 
 the new line between the lOast and the West, 
 and Id seek a share of tln^ jiatronage of 
 the public. The following will serve ;is an 
 examjile : 
 
 ^842. 
 
 SEASON ARRANGEMENTS. 
 SOUTHERN RAILROAD, 
 
 FROM MONROE TO ADRIAN. 
 
 The most di ivct^ expeditious and mf est lionte. 
 
 The pnljlic are respeetliilly nolilie<l that tlic Soi-ni- 
 i:i;n li.Mi.uoAU is now in complete operation/roi/i Mun- 
 riH' In Adrian ; and Ijciiii; well furnislied w itii Locomo- 
 tives, PassenKcr and Freight Cars, will transport 
 Frei<rlit an<l I'assen^ers xiifer, clu'cijiir and more expfdi- 
 iiuudy than any other road in competition. 
 
 Tliis road was built by the State of Micldgan, at an 
 expense of 
 
 Four liunclrcd tlioiisaud dollars 
 
 and in its (•nnstruction is not suipass'jd \> 
 V'nited States. 
 
 PASSENGERS 
 
 III 
 
 Going to Illinois, ludianii, Wisconsin, Iowa and 
 Western, Souihern. or Central Tarts of Micligian, 
 will perceive, I)y rel'cning to tlie Map, that nu I'uhlir 
 tfiorjtifjh/an is .so direct lor them as the 
 
 SOUTHERN RAILROAD. 
 
 t^"Ore(U can' in lakrii in ki'rpini] litis Road in good 
 ri'pair, tln'ribi/ avoiding accUfntasiniilarlo those occurring 
 upon other roada almost daily, jeopardizing '' life and 
 lirnb." 
 
 STEAMBOATS 
 
 .\rc nnining from Mo.mioi; to 111 ii-ai.o, in connec- 
 tion with the Cars upon this lioad. 
 
 ST.UilCS, CAHKl.\<iE.-^, W.VtioN.'^, ETC. 
 Are always in attendance to convey ( iooJs and Pass- 
 engers to any liirection from Adrian. 
 
 8*^' Pa.sscngers passing over this lload will he met 
 at the l)oats by Haiboad Cars, and coiiveved to the 
 Depot, and from the Depot to the lioats iril'honl charge. 
 
 Cars U'ave Afoiiroe daily for Adrian, Sumlays e.K- 
 cci)led, at S o'clock A. .\1. and leave Adrian for Mon- 
 r<ie at "_' o'clock !'. M. Itnnning time "25 hours. 
 
 The public may rely upon statements here made, 
 and their patronage is respectfully .«olieiti.'d. 
 
 J. II.CLEVKLAND, 
 
 Jnl,,, 1,S4--' 
 
 ■Superintendent S. li. K 
 
 Kolj'l. 1>. Foy, Printer, 159 Main si. ijuflalo. 
 
226 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 When il is boriio in miiiil tiial tlic only 
 " other road ' iscokiiii; passengers and traffic 
 over the same lines of travel was the rival Erie 
 and Kalamazoo, the ])artieular point of the 
 italicized jjaragraph, alhidinic to (ho accidents 
 "occurring upon oilier I'oads almost daily, 
 jeopardizing ' life and liml),' " will i-cadily be- 
 come apparent. 
 
 The spring of ISK! found the road ironed 
 about two miles west of ('layton, and the bed 
 ]irei)ared for the iron some four miles further 
 west, or to Hudson. Jt was found impracti- 
 cal.ilc, howi^s'i^r, toobtain the iron to put down 
 at once, and Silas Eaton, of Hudson, then in 
 charge of the construction under Superin- 
 tendent Cleveland, suggested the idea of using 
 sawed maple strips in place of the iron, and 
 offered to have enough sawed to finish the 
 track to Hudson as an experiment. His sug- 
 gestion was accepted, and the strips sawed and 
 ]uit down. They answered the })urpose fairly 
 well, and were actually- used to haul trains over 
 until the iron could be procured, when they 
 were torn off the stringers and replaced by 
 strap rails. 
 
 The i-oa<i was opened to Hudson May 27, 
 184.'!. An old advertisement announces the 
 fact in grandiloquent sentences, and proceeds 
 to advise the ]iublic that stages will meet each 
 incoming train fnim Adrian and convc}' ]ias- 
 sengers and baggage to Hillsdale, making the 
 return trip and arriving in time for the de- 
 parture of the train to Adrian. 
 
 The failure of the United States Bank and 
 of the Morris Canal and Banking Comjjany 
 again hampered the road in the purchase of 
 iron, but construction was carried along dur- 
 ing the summei', and on September 25th the 
 road was opetied to Hillsdale, with the an- 
 Douncement of stages to Jonesville and return. 
 Hy this time the Erie and Kalamazoo had be- 
 gun to feel the pressure of competition, and was 
 getting into financial straits. Finding itself 
 unable to i)ay §8,000 due on one of its locomo- 
 tives, it sold the old " Adrian " to the Michigan 
 Southci-n, which now felt the nee<i of more 
 nioli\e powei'. A new eight-wheel engine, of 
 heavy construction, and calculated to haul 
 more freight than any owned by the road, was 
 also ordered by Commissioner Wells, and in 
 due time arrived and was put in service. This 
 was the " Hillsdale." More freight cars were 
 also built, and Mr. Cleveland designed and be- 
 
 gan to build a new style of passenger car. Those 
 at this time in use were built upon the general 
 plan of the "Pleasure Car" of the Erie and 
 Kalamazoo, previously described, only they 
 were longer and held thirty-lwo passengers. 
 They were divided into compartments, with 
 seats facing each other in each compartment; 
 each seat holding four passengers. These 
 compartments were separated from each other 
 by sliding j)anel8 or partitions, and a " running 
 board " ran along each side of the car, along 
 which the conductor walked, opening the doors 
 of the various compartments to collect the 
 fares. Tho.se designed by Superintendent 
 Cleveland were on the same j)lan as the day 
 cars of the present day — a car open from end to 
 end, with seats for two passengers arranged on 
 both sides of a center aisle which ran contin- 
 uously from end to end of the car. These 
 were pushed to completion as rapidly as pos- 
 sible, and were found very pleasing to the 
 public whenever put into use. 
 
 The herculean effort which had finished the 
 second sectionof the road — Adrian to Hillsdale 
 — had exhausted its resources, and its history lor 
 the years 1844, 1845 and 1846 is simply a tale ofa 
 continued struggle to " make both ends meet." 
 The third section — Hillsdale to Cold water — 
 was never seriously undertaken, though the 
 settlers along the route were clamoring for 
 railroad facilities with sturdy voices, until the 
 road pa.ssed into the hands of a private corpo- 
 ration and out of the control of the State. 
 
 Superintendent Cleveland draws a quaint and 
 interesting picture of the railroading of those 
 daj's. The roadbed was an unfenced lane cut 
 through the woods, with gutters for drainage 
 on each side. The dirt from these gutters was 
 thrown up on the roadbed, from which the 
 stumps had been dug out or cut off. Hollows 
 were filled with logs, stumps and branches of 
 trees; cuts were made by the plow and scraper, 
 and when the bed was finally completed to the 
 satisfaction of the engineer in charge, he pro- 
 ceeded to have the track laid. There was no 
 regularly appointed mechanical or civil engi- 
 neer connected with the staff of the road. 
 When the route was to be laid out, or bridges 
 built, an engineer was hired by the month to 
 2>lan and construct the liridges and lay out the 
 track. 
 
 When the roadbed was ready ties were nest 
 jiut on, and upon these were securely spiked 
 
RAll,[<f)ADS. 
 
 oak stringers, loiii^lhwisu, six inclics s<niarc, 
 ami with a space between tliom equal to the 
 space between the outside of the flanges of tlie 
 wheels on the cars, being in tlie case of the 
 Miciiigan roads what is now known as the 
 "standard gauge,' four feet eight and one-half 
 inches. The inner and up])er edges of these 
 oak stringers were "chamlered" to receive 
 (he iron rails. These were simply flat bars 
 of iron two and one-lialf inches wide and 
 from five-eightlis to three-(iuarters of an inch 
 thick, ](nnched for the spikes, and countersunk 
 so the head of the spike would not project 
 aliovo tiic surface of the rail. These rails wore 
 spiked as securely as possible in the "chamfer' 
 of the stringer. The joints were made to " lap 
 by" by cutting a right-angled triangle from the 
 inside end of one rail and the outside end of 
 the next one. This left each rail terminating 
 iti a sharp point. The continual jar of trains 
 tended to loosen the spikes, and after they had 
 been driven home two or three times the hole 
 became .so worn as to afford but little grip to 
 the spike. A passing train would loosen the 
 spike, and, running on the yielding structure, 
 when the load was transferred toward tlie mid- 
 dle of the rail the loose end would fly up, to be 
 caught by the next pair of wheels. These 
 would rip it loose from the stringer and bend 
 it uj)ward, forcing the sharp point through the 
 floor of the car to the serious detriment of 
 whatever might be in the waj', and derailing 
 the train. This was the " snake head " of early- 
 railroad experience. An attempt was made to 
 avoid this class of accidents by changing the 
 joint. Instead of the sharp-pointed end, rails 
 were used having a square-ended tongue atone 
 end and a cavity cut in the corresponding end 
 to receive it; but this was fouTid no particular 
 improvement. The imperfection of the fasten- 
 ing still remained, and it was found that the 
 blunt-ended rail managed to tear its way 
 through the car floor about as readily as the 
 shar])-pointed one, and " snake heads " wore a 
 common incident of railway travel until the 
 adoption of the "T" rail some years later. 
 
 The train service was as primitive as tlic 
 track. In the carl}' days and in a new country 
 a distinctive passenger train was not thought 
 of. Each train over the line was composed of 
 such cars of freight as were in readiness for 
 transportation — and those were put nearest 
 the locomotive— in the rear of these was an 
 
 empty freight car', into which wvvv put such 
 small packages of freight as were to be un- 
 loaded en route and the baggage belonging to 
 jiasscngers upon tiie train, and in the rear of 
 all the passenger coaciies. No s\ stem of check- 
 ing, baggage was in operation, and each pas- 
 senger was expected to claim his baggage when 
 leaving the train, after the manner still pre- 
 vailing on English railways, l'",a(li |iasscnger 
 was supposed to purchase a ticket, but as a mat- 
 ter of fact did as he ]ileascd about it. It was not 
 until trains had been running for some time 
 that a conductorand brakeman were cmjjloyed. 
 The engineer anil fireman did all the ti'ain 
 work. The engineer (n)llccted the tickets or the 
 fares, while the fii-cman remained in charge of 
 the locomotive. The fireman helped in hand- 
 ling the baggage and unloading parcels of 
 freight. He also, in conjunction with section 
 or track men, loaded up the engine with wood 
 and supplied it with water. When, later, a 
 conductor and bi-akeman were employed, the 
 bi'akeman assisted at this work. 
 
 The usual running time from Monroe to 
 Adrian, thirtj--three miles, was two and one- 
 half hours; this would be an apparent sjiced of 
 a little over thirteen miles an hour, but as a 
 matter of fact the rate of speed was about 
 fifteen to sixteen miles per hour, owing to the 
 length and frequency of the stops. The trains 
 were particularly accommodating; if two or 
 three ])assengers appeared at some country 
 road crossing, the train stopped and picked 
 them up. Generally about ten minutes were 
 required at each of the two stations between 
 Monroe and Adrian, which, with cai'cful run- 
 ning over the bridges, consumed considei'able 
 time. In dry weather, and when no dcr.iil- 
 mentsoraccidentsfrom "snake heads" occurred, 
 the runs were made with a considerable ap- 
 proach to regularity ; but a "snake head " would 
 sometimes occasion a half day's delay. Wet 
 weather also brought delny. The friction of 
 the driving wheels with " inside connections ' 
 upon the track was very light as compare<l 
 with the heavy " tread " of the locomotives of 
 to-day, and a wet ti-ack meant slow jirogre.ss 
 through the slip])ingof the drivers. To remedy 
 this, a box of sand was kept on to|) of the loco- 
 tive, and when the engine came to a .stand- 
 still, the fireman and engineer each took some 
 of this sand and sprinkled it from their hands 
 upon the track for several rods in advance of 
 
228 
 
 IIISTOKY OF MONKOli COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tlic engiiic. Then mounting the locomotive, 
 all tiie steiuu possible was crowded on and 
 sufficient imjictus gaiued to carry the train 
 half a mile or more, when the sanding process 
 was repeated. Sometimes so much time would 
 be consunu'(| in this mannei' between stations 
 that the siip]ily of lucl ny water would run 
 short. It the lioilcr was imnning low, reeoui'se 
 was had to the ditches by the roadside, and 
 water was dipped up with a jiail and put into 
 the tank; if wood became short, the nearest 
 wood pile i)y the side of tiie track was laid 
 under c<inli-ibulion, and thus, " painfully and 
 slow," the ti-ain crept along to its destination. 
 
 Allhougli the road was uiilenced, accidents 
 were of'ijifreipient occurrence. This was prob- 
 ably as much owing to the limited rate of sjiccd 
 as to any ])artieular care exorcised by tlio ein- 
 ])loyea. By a reference to the cut of the first 
 locomotive on the Erie and Kalannizoo, il will 
 be seen at the left of the ]jicture that two 
 people in a wagon are running a race wilh the 
 train; and, so far as a[ipcarances go, seem to 
 have rather I he win ning chance. This, indeed, 
 was by no means an inl'ivipieiit occui'rence, and 
 horseflesh frecpiently had I he best of the race. 
 The most pr(dific cause of accidents was the 
 loosening of the rails, occasioning snake heads. 
 On one occasion ilr. ClevcUuul was sitting in 
 the coach directly across from a rather heavy- 
 set gentleman, who was clothed in a thick 
 overcoat and winter suit. While the train was 
 jogging along at its usual pace a crasliing was 
 heard, the car gave a lurch, and directly be- 
 tween the passenger's feet appeared a -'snake 
 head." Catching bis coat, overcoat and vest, 
 it neatly and expeditiously tore out the fronts 
 of them and piuuod them to the roof of the car. 
 The jjassengcr was greatly alarmed at first, but 
 finding himself physically uniiarmed, liis fear 
 gave way to indignation, and he breathed ven- 
 geance and suits at law for danniges. Upon 
 the arrival of the ti'ain at its terminus, how- 
 ever, Sii])erintendent Cleveland jmrchased a 
 new suit of clothes for him and the lawsuit 
 was averted, but the ad\'ertisemciit regarding 
 "jeoparily to life and limb" still confronted the 
 jniblic. Accidents ai-ising from the careless- 
 ness of the j)arties injured were not unknown 
 at that early day. (.)n one occasion some track 
 laborers were going on their hand car from the 
 vicinity of Deerfield to their home at Palmyra. 
 The train going west was nearly due and they 
 
 concluded it would be easier to have the train 
 jmsli them than to pump the car; so when the 
 train came in sight, they stopped the car and 
 remained sfaniling upon it till the locomotive 
 struck it. Possibly had theearbeen in motion 
 no serious results would have followed, but as 
 the car was standing still, it was thrown from 
 (he tracdi, t wcj of its occupants .seriously bruised, 
 one had his leg crushed and was taken on the 
 train to Adrian, where it was amputated, and 
 anol her was killed. 
 
 Water was su])[ilied to locomotives from 
 tanks located at stations as at the ])rcsent time. 
 The track men tilled the tanks daily b}' force 
 pumps worked by hand. The locomotives 
 Used wood for luel, and the country being new 
 there was phnity to be had. It was cut along 
 the line of the road and ])iled u[) next the 
 track, each pile being marked with the owner's 
 naine. It was sold to the corajtan}' at prices 
 ranging fi-om fifty cents to one dollar jier cord, 
 arid paiil for when used b\- the company. As 
 needed at sttitions for engine use, a '' wood 
 rack" was attached to the rear end of a train, 
 carried to the point where it was to bo loadetl, 
 detached and left standing on the track. The 
 wood was loadcil by the ti'ack men, and on the 
 rctui'n tri]) the raidc was taken in front of the 
 engine and jiushed to the station wdiere it was 
 to bo unloaded. 
 
 The method of freight.shipment was radically 
 different from that of the present day. At each 
 station along the side track were located the 
 jirivate warehouses of tiic " forwarders." All 
 freight destined to a station was consigned to 
 the care of some forwarder, and was delivered 
 by the railroad company to him. He paid the 
 charges upon it, imloadod it in bis private 
 warehouse and delivered it to- the consignee, 
 making a charge for his services. Shipments 
 were made the same way. Prom store and 
 factory and mill the goods to be shipped were 
 brought to some private warehouse and loaded 
 by the forwarder, the railroad company advanc- 
 inij him his charges and adding it as "exjiensos 
 paid '■ to their own fees Not infrequently the 
 forwarder was a eoinniission merchant, and 
 l)Ought and sold the goods he handled as ware- 
 houseman. 
 
 A single " way bill'' or manifest ordinarily 
 covered a whole train and a single trip. Upon 
 it was entered the freight forwarded from 
 tlic terminus, and as each successive station 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 OOf) 
 
 \v;i8 reaclu'd tlie froiglit forwardcil I'roiii thai 
 station was entci'ed ui)on tlic same waj* bill. 
 The station force consisted of but one man, the 
 agent, who sold tickets, entered the freight for- 
 warded on the wa}- bill and made collections 
 of the forwarders for the consignments deliv- 
 ered to them. 
 
 The first cars constructed held three to four 
 tons of freight. Thirt}- barrels of flour, twenty 
 barrels of salt, tiftj' bags of wheat, made a 
 car load. Grain was shipped onlj- in bags; 
 bulk shipments were not introduced till years 
 afterward. Freight consigned beyond the ter- 
 minus of the road was delivered to an agent or 
 forwarder at the terminus, who in turn deliv- 
 ered it to the next carrier. If the succeeiling 
 carrier was a boat the grain was emptied fiom 
 the bags and carried in bulk. 
 
 For the better part of the time the roail was 
 under the management of ]Mr. Cleveland its 
 "office" was said to be "in his hat.'' All the 
 executive affairs were managed by him; he 
 was superintendent, general freight agent, gen- 
 eral ticket agent and auditor, all in one. The 
 books of the company were kept at the Monroe 
 office by Seba Murphy, to whom all remit- 
 tances were sent and thi'ougli whom dislnirse- 
 monts were made. 
 
 I)uring the entire time the road was run 
 under State control it suffered from financial 
 embarrassments. The currency was princi- 
 ])all3' of that character denominated " wild cat," 
 and bills on eastern banks, generall}' supposed 
 to be solvent, were eagerly sought after. State 
 scrip, worth seven shillings on the dollar, was 
 also used. Money to jiay the employes was 
 generally lacking, and when a man entered 
 the company's employ they opened a ledger 
 account with him and credited him with his 
 earnings monthly, and paid him five or ten 
 dollars on account, charging it to him. The 
 result was that the company was always in 
 debt to its employes, and they in turn were in- 
 debted to tradesmen for the necessaries of life. 
 When the employe's credit was exhausted he 
 was forced to quit, whereupon the company 
 would settle with him and pay him u]i. This 
 irave him the means to re-establish his credit, 
 and lie again sought railroad employ. 
 
 When the five million loan was authoi'ized 
 it will be remembereil that the surplus earn- 
 ings of the railroads were to be covered into a 
 sinking fund to pay tiie loan and the interest 
 
 upon it. Five j-oars had passeil since the firsi 
 section of the Southern had been completed, 
 and as yet it had been a source only of expen- 
 diture. In 1846 the State began to cast about 
 for some meansof ridding itself of this -'old man 
 of the sea," and the ciueslion of .«ale to a pri- 
 vate corporation was agitated. The commis- 
 sioners in the meantime had made contracts for 
 new locomotives and cars to cost §0,0(10, and 
 out of the earnings of 184(j did actually turn 
 into the State treasury the sum of •S12,7:>C. 
 During Mi'. Cleveland's superintendeiicy a por- 
 tion of what is now known as the "Jackson 
 Branch " ol the Jjake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern had been built. It was originally 
 the J^almyra and Jacksonburgh ; was planned 
 and promoted by the same jiarties who were 
 interested in the Krie and Kalania/.oo, and as 
 that road had become financially einbarras.sed 
 theSlate advanced S20,0(Mi out of its ?r),flOO,0(IO 
 loan to assist in building this branch, and ulti- 
 mately acquired possession of it. 
 
 May !), 184(1, an act was passed by the legis- 
 lature authorizing the sale of the Southern 
 road for half a million dollars, the ]>ui-chasers 
 1(1 Uikc the locomotives and cars contracted 
 for in lS4r)-(i at their cost (S<|,()0(|), and to i)ay 
 the State this sum in addition to the price of 
 the I'oad. Active steps were taken to organize 
 a company to buy it. Subscription books for 
 shares were oj)encd, the shares being §]{)() 
 each, and during the summer and fall of ]84fi 
 the entire sum of .^500,00(1 was subscribed. 
 The following is the list of shareholders, to- 
 gether with the number of shares taken b^^each. 
 The great interest taken by Monroe in the en- 
 terprise will be seen by an examination of this 
 list, names to which a star is affixed being 
 Monroe subscriber.s. 
 
 A^if/cx. Sliiirr.<. A'a»//'A. Sharrs. 
 
 K. C. T,itcliliolil-_ 1,000 *"Steplien (i. Clark . M) 
 
 W. A. Kichniond .lOO *IIirani .^time .')() 
 
 •Charles Noble „. 100 nv. V. Stii.ldif(ird__ oO 
 
 -T. B. Van Brunt . 2.')0 ».Iohn G. Miller ... hO 
 
 Hi. W. Strong 200 Molin Burcli .')0 
 
 *I). L. Bacon 200 *!•:. G. Morton .^>0 
 
 C. W. I'erris 200 *A. A. Kahineau... .^)0 
 
 Chas. T. Mitchell 200 J. S. Prouty -'.0 
 
 Henry Wal.lron. 120 John I. Wheehr.. .->0 
 
 *Sam'l .r. Ilolley.- 100 Amelia Sprout .''lO 
 
 M. .7. Goilfroy lOo Patrick McAdani.. ."lO 
 
 *.Tamc'S Xel.son 100 'T. E. Wing :!0 
 
 *Ki(iel<l it Sterling 100 ^Benjamin Hansard 30 
 
 »A inbro.se !'.eacli.. 100 *\V. \V. Gale MO 
 
 N. B. Kidder .._. H«> W. V. Gale 2.-) 
 
230 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Natii€-<. 
 
 20 
 
 *Morton & Wing.. 100 William Mitchell.. 
 
 *Thomas G. Cole. 100 *A. Bentley 20 
 
 *Noble& Sterling. 100 •■'David McCormick 20 
 
 *Chas. G. Johnson 55 *W. Wadsworth, jr 10 
 
 ' Harry V. Man.. _ 50 Stillinan Blanchard 10 
 
 "■'George Landon.. 50 ••M. Sweeny 10 
 
 *Wm. M. Smith.. 50 *R. Livingston 10 
 
 * Isaac Lewis 50 *Bronson & Colton 10 
 
 5,000 
 
 'IMic cost of the road liad been ajiproxinialely 
 as follows : 
 
 Kxjiended from State treasury ij;()()5.s0l 
 
 Loaned Palmyra and Jacksonbnrgh,for which 
 the State alterwards, 18-14, took the road, 
 making it the Tecumseh Branch of the 
 
 Southern 20,000 
 
 Paid for the Kiver Raisin and Lake P^rie, 
 Monroe to pier r,2,500 
 
 !t;718,304 
 All the net earnings of the road had likewise 
 been expended in its maintenance and con- 
 struction (except 112,736 turned into the 
 treasury in 18-1(>), estimated at 117,500 
 
 $835,804 
 This represented the cost of seven ty-eiglit 
 miles of track and equipment, viz.: 
 
 Monroe to Hillsdale. 
 Tecumseh Branch 
 
 .()8 miles 
 .10 " 
 
 7S miles 
 The new cars contracted for in 1846 were 
 put upon the road in July, and on August 3d 
 the fifth locomotive, the "Tecumseh," was 
 shipped from Philadelphia and went into use 
 the same fall. 
 
 The earnings of the road while oj)erated by 
 the State were as follows : 
 
 Vein- Endimj. (irms Earnings. E.cijinsis. Kri Earnings. 
 
 jNov. 30, 1841, *7,3!)i) 21 .|5,0!)8 05 $2,301 10 
 
 Nov. 30, 1842, 1.5,248 10 15,248 10 
 
 Nov. 30, 1843, 24,200 31 10,353 46 7,906 85 
 
 Nov. 30, 1844, 00,.340 51 60,340 51 
 
 Nov. 30, 184-5, 62,7.35 62 62,735 62 
 
 Nov. 30, 1846, 88,31)4 30 .56,22195 .32,172. -.5 
 
 $258,378 11 $215,997 75 $42,.380 30 
 In making the approximations of the amount 
 of the earnings of the road expended in its 
 maintenance and con.struction in a previous 
 table .($117,500), the net earnings as shown 
 above have l)een deducted from the amount of 
 expenses, though but $12,730 of the amount 
 shown as net earnings were ever passed to the 
 treasury of the State. 
 
 The $500,000, the purchase price of the road, 
 was to be paid in twenty semi-annual install- 
 ments of $25,000 each, taking ten years for the 
 paj'meut; the 89,000 for new locomotives and 
 cars was to be paid at once on the transfer of 
 the property to the newly organized coInpan3^ 
 To anticipate a little it may be said that a con- 
 siderable i^ortion of the half million was paid 
 to the State in depreciated State scrip, bought 
 at a very low figure, and the $9,000 was paid 
 in three notes. 
 
 The sale was effected December 23, 1840, the 
 stockholders of the new comi)any, the " Mich- 
 igan Southern Railroad Company,'' elected a 
 board of directors, and on Christmas day, 1840, 
 this board met and elected James J. Godfroy 
 president, Elisha C. Litchfield treasurer, Thos. 
 (t. Colo superintendent. 
 
 The president and superintendent were Mon- 
 roe men. A settlement was made with John 
 F. Porter, acting commissioner of internal 
 improvements, for the locomotive and cars, the 
 $9,000 was paid by three " promises to pay,' 
 and Mr. Porter delivered to the company a 
 deed from the State of the road and its equip- 
 ment, which the new company had recorded 
 in the counties of Monroe, Lenawee and Hills- 
 dale. 
 
 The interest taken in the new company by 
 the citizens of Monroe will be readily seen by 
 consulting the list of subscribers to its cajiital 
 stock. The rivalry born of location and in- 
 tensified by the " Toledo War," and the strong 
 competition between the Erie and Kalamazoo 
 and the Southern railroads, will account for some 
 of tlie interest displayed. It was presumed 
 that l)y controlling the Southern by Monroe 
 people the interests of Monroe would be en- 
 hanced, and its growth assured. It was but the 
 first step towards the upbuilding of its rival, 
 the second and final one being taken in 1849. 
 The new ('ompany found themselves unable 
 to extend the road westward asrajjidly as they 
 desired. Money and material was scarce, and 
 the treasury of the State was no longer at com- 
 maiid. During the next four years, to 1851, 
 they only extended the road five miles — from 
 Hillsdale to Jonesville. In 1848, under the 
 presidency of Tunis B. Van Brunt (who suc- 
 ceeded James J. Godfroy in Juno, 1847), bonds 
 to the amount of $30,000 were loaned to the 
 owners of the steamboats "Baltimore," "South- 
 erner," "DcWitt Clinton " and "Franklin," 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 •2 P. I 
 
 to control tlu'in for the ])ort of Monroe. The 
 growth of the city at this time was rapid, and 
 it bade fair to pass it.s rival, Toledo, in the 
 race,wheu Van Brunt was succeeded in Decem- 
 ber, 1848, by Charles Noble, and he in Angu.st, 
 1849, by George Bliss. 
 
 The Erie and Kalamazoo, as has been pre- 
 viously noted in the history of that road, had 
 become embarrassed, was in constant litigation, 
 and in 1848 liad been sold under accumulated 
 judgments to Washington Hunt, of I^ockport, 
 New York, and (icorge Bliss, of Massachusetts. 
 Bliss at about this time would seem to have 
 become interested in the Michigan Southern, 
 as he became its ])rcsident in August, 1849, and 
 in the samemonth leased the bankrupt Erie and 
 Kalamazoo to its rival, the Michigan Southern, 
 in perjietuity, at an annual rental of $30,(100. 
 This was virtually the end of the struggle be- 
 tween Monroe and Toledo for coramercial 
 supremacy, and it was the child of Monroe's 
 loins, the Michigan Southern, which struck the 
 blow. The executive of the road was a Ma.ssa- 
 chusetts man, who had no interests in Monroe, 
 while, it is presumed, he did both in Tojedo 
 and Chicago, then looming into prominence. 
 Five months after Mr. Bliss became president, 
 the superintendent, Thomas (J. Cole, of Mon- 
 roe, was succeeded (Janu:iry, 1850) b\- Lewis 
 W. Ashley. From this time forth the interests 
 of Monroe began to assume a smaller place in 
 the counsels of the company and those of Tole- 
 do a greater, though it was not till the spring 
 of 1869 that Monroe was dropped from the re- 
 ports of the company as one of its termini. 
 
 The years 1851-2 witnessed a general 
 '• boom " in the affairs of the Michigan South- 
 ern, to explain which it will be necessary- to 
 briefly sketch another enterprise. Two jears 
 before the State of Michigan embarked in rail- 
 road building on its loan of 85,000,000, a san- 
 guine logi.slator of Indiana introduced a bill 
 incorporating the " Atlantic: and Pacific '' rail- 
 road. As its termini were necessarily in Indi- 
 ana there was much good-natured raillery on 
 the ambitious name he gave to the undertak- 
 ing, under the lash of which he finall}- con- 
 sented to somewhat curtail the boundaries of 
 his proposed line, consenting to call it the 
 "Buffalo and Mi.ssi.ssippi." This also met the 
 jeers of his fellow-members, but ho obdurately 
 refu.sed to " take another inch off the name,'' 
 and the road was chartered. The aim was to 
 
 build a road fi'om .Mauniee Bay to the Missis- 
 sippi river, a resolution of the Congress of the 
 T^nited States having foreshadowed such a 
 route. It is not intended to entei- into the de- 
 tails of the history of this undertaking. Four- 
 teen years thereafter (in October, 1849) (lie 
 Buffalo and Mississippi jiCMecfully ilicd, having 
 graded one mile of road, but not having laid a 
 cross lie nor a rail, and from its ashes sprang 
 the Northern Indiana. 
 
 The Litchfields, who still retained an interest 
 in the Michigan Southern, acquired control of 
 the Northern Indiana shortly after its organi- 
 zation, George Bliss being also a director, and 
 the two roads had the same officers. In 1851-2 
 work was begun all along the line, and pushed 
 as rapidly as possible, the Michigan Southern 
 reaching the State line south and west 
 of White Pigeon, and the Northern Indiana 
 running thence to Chicago. The first train 
 ran into Chicago over the new line May 22, 
 1852. 
 
 In the meantime some of the finest steamers 
 upon the lakes had been secured for the line, 
 and in 1852 the company controlled the fol- 
 lowing: On the Buffalo, J\Ionroc and Tole<lo 
 route the "limpire State," "Southern Mich- 
 igan" and "Northern Indiana;" Toledo, 
 Monroe and Sandusky route, the " Fashion ; '" 
 on Lake Michigan, the "Baltic" and the 
 "Golden Gate." H. M. Kinne represented the 
 line at Buffalo, J. D Morton at Toledo and 
 G. S. Hubbard at Chicago. 
 
 Supei-intendonl Ashley was succeeded in 
 April, 1851, by E. P. Williams, under whose 
 superintendence much of the building was 
 done. Beff>re the road reached Chicago, how- 
 ever, he was succeeded (March, 1K52) by 
 Jo.scph II. Moore, and in May, 1854, ho was 
 succeeded l)y James Moore. The two com- 
 panies were identical in all but name, and were 
 consolidated into the Michigan Southern .'umI 
 Northern Indiana Railroad Comi)any, Ajiril 
 20, 1855, James Moore continuing as superin- 
 tendent of the new compan}-. 
 
 With the consolidation new vigor seemed to 
 mark the action of the corporation, and five 
 new enterprises were inaugurated, two of 
 which wci'c of interest to Monroe. A ilii'ect 
 line from Elkhart to Toledo was laiil out 
 anil ])ut utiiler way (the present Air Line 
 division of the Lake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern). A road was surveyed and begun, 
 
232 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 extending nortliwai-d from White Pigeon ;i9 the sheriff liaving loft nothing 1)iit the bare 
 
 a feeder; tiie .lac-kson brancli was put under walls of tl\e Board room, every chair, table and 
 
 eonslriietion northward from the point where desk having been seized on execution. During 
 
 it had st()])|K'd Icii yearsbefore : the old Detroit 1S58-9 the principal occupation of the officers 
 
 and ^launioe |iniject was galvanized into liCe of the company was ])roniising to pay its debts 
 
 under the title of the Detroit, Monroe and To- — when its financial condition would allow, 
 
 ledo Ii:iilroad, to eonsiruel a linc^ from Detroit Superintendent Moore bad been succeeded by 
 
 through .Monroe to 'I'oleilo, and arrangements Sam Brown and ho by the energetic John D. 
 
 wei'c made to built two of the most magnificent Campbell, who was trying to bringordcr out of 
 
 steamers on the lakes. The Detroit, Monroe (diaos and a dividend to the long-suifering 
 
 and Toledo was the outgrowth of a meeting at stockholders out of the property. He died on 
 
 Detroit February 21!, 1S."),5. The i-oad was com- the very day his efforts wore crowned with 
 
 ]iieled to Monroe (Jlirislmas Day, 1S.5.''), and to success, August I, ISO!!. Jt may be imagined 
 
 'I'oledo the .Inly follo'.\ing, and on .Tidy 1, to what straits the road was i-educcMl when the 
 
 ^X'^Vi. was leasi'd in perpetuity to the Michigan fact is noted that the stock, which was firm at 
 
 Southern and NortheiMi Indiana. 115 in 18.56, was offered at C> m IS.*)!), with slow 
 
 Tiicse various enterju'iscs were ])ushed to sale, 
 
 completion, all 01- nearly .all being finished in 'i'lie depot, wliieh had thei-etofore beensitu- 
 
 1850 and early in ls.')T. Of the Iwoafl'eeting ated at the corner of Front and Hai-rison 
 
 Monroe, it will sulfiee lo say that theline fi i streets, shortly after the building of the Detroit, 
 
 Detroit to Toleilo was inmu'iliately ])i'os])ei'ous Monroe- ami Toledo line was removed to the 
 
 (and has <'ver remaineil so), and (hal the ]ioirit where this trade intersected the track of 
 
 steamers wci'e huilt and named the " Western tlii' Smithei-n. This made a haul of about 
 
 Metropolis" ami " (Jity of Buffalo." They cost threes fourths of a mile for every pound of nnn-- 
 
 •SfHKl, 00(1, and were the final (ifToii lo resuscitate chandise going out or coming in, and was thus 
 
 the waning eiirrciit ol' l;d<o travcd, then slowly detrimental to the business of the city, but it 
 
 but surely <lying nndeu' the competition of the also establishe(l as a portion of tiic main track 
 
 various lines of railroad whieli hail liidci'd of the railroad a part of tiie line which had not 
 
 Buffalo \vi I h Tojedo along the southern shore (heretofore been thus used, and thereby im- 
 
 oC Jjaku l'';rie. Their subsequent history is paired the use of an entire sti-eet for business 
 
 hrieflj' told. They iicvcr earned expenses and ]Mirposes. 
 
 were finally withdrawn from the I'oule. ;\ n With the death of .Tohn D. Campbell, Henry 
 
 effort was made to sell them, Ijuc the jianie of H. Porter was ap))ointed su]»orintendcnt. He 
 
 1S57 tightened the money market and pricked was a conservator of the " Keep " interest in 
 
 the bubble of speculation, and there were no the line. He continued as executive for two 
 
 buyers. They were brought to Monroe, tied years and was succeeded by Charles F. Hatch, 
 
 up, and tiieir grandeur only met the cya of a who assumed the title of general superinten- 
 
 solKary watchman who was put in (diai'ge of temlent. Mr. Hatch was a thoroughly trained 
 
 them. Tliey were tinally sold in 18(11 for railroad man, and had earned his way from the 
 
 •S50,000 — less than the cost of one of their position of telegra])h operator at White Pigeon 
 
 engines. ' tiirough various grades to the high position of 
 
 The crash of 1857 put an end lo the amhi- chi.^f ofiieer of the line. The old-fashioned 
 
 tious |)lans of the road and eanuMK'ar wrecking methods of railroad management had gradu- 
 
 it. The variou-i ])roieets involved a large ally given way to something like the present 
 
 lloaling ihdit, wliicdi tiie revulsion caught un- system, and Mr. Hatch was progressive. He 
 
 provided foi\ From April, 1857, to April, divided the road into four parts, known re- 
 
 1S5S, the road had four jircsidents. Its stock si)ectively as the Eastern, Western, Air Line 
 
 was 1 15 in 185(;, and in August, 1857, its paper or Southern, and Northern Divisions. The 
 
 went lo pi-otcst. (ieoi'ge Bliss became its latter comprised the Jackson branch, the Mon- 
 
 presidcnt in April, 1858, and found 155 law- roe br.anch and the J)etroit, Monroe and Toledo 
 
 siuts against it. When the board of directors line, known therealter as the Detroit branch, 
 
 met to organize,. when he was elected, they had Over this division, as division superintendent, 
 
 to borrow chairs from the neighboring offices, was placed P. D. Cooper, an energetic and com- 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 2.*) 3 
 
 petenl man. The continued upbuilding of the 
 main line between Toledo and Chicago had 
 told disastrously upon the efficienej' of the 
 Northern division, but Mr. Cooper set at work 
 to put liis portion of the road in as good condi- 
 tion as possible, and to build it up, so far as the 
 means granted him by the company would 
 jHTinit. He was fairl}- successful, though ham- 
 ]icred by the polic}' of the compan}', and the 
 .stalions ia Monroe count}- received as good 
 accommodations at his hands as he could com- 
 mand. 
 
 In May, 1869, the Michigan Southern and 
 Northern Indiana was consolidated with the 
 various roads extending eastward from Toledo, 
 Ohio, to Eric, Pennsvlvania, under the title of 
 the "Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Rail- 
 way Company." In August of the same year 
 the link from Erie eastward to Buffalo, New 
 York, was added to the consolidation, making 
 a continuous line between Buffalo and Chicago. 
 In the reorganization, the division formerly 
 known as the Northern, became the Detroit 
 division, Mr. Cooper remaining in charge and 
 Mr. Hatch becoming general superintendent of 
 the consolidated lines. In the fall of 1869 Mr. 
 Cuoper was promoted, and the Detroit division 
 was divided between Superintendent Curtis of 
 the Michigan division and H. M. Wright of 
 the Air Line, .Mr. (Jurlis taking the Monroe 
 branch and Mr. Wright the Detroit branch, 
 the actual management of the station being in 
 Mr. Wright. Like his predecessor he was a 
 practical man, and conscientious, and during 
 his administration man^- needed improvements 
 were made and the facilities at Monroe largely 
 increased. The passenger depot had previ- 
 oush- been a small, inconvenient, and badly 
 ariangcd building, and it was under the ad- 
 ministration of Mr. Wriglit that the present 
 commodious building was erected. 
 
 In 1872 Mr. Hatch resigned to accept a more 
 responsible position in Boston and was suc- 
 ceeded by Charles Paine. In 1874 Mr. Wright 
 was compelled, by the failure of his health, to 
 seek the climate of California, and was suc- 
 ceeded in the management of the Detroit divi- 
 sion, which was then again unite<l,by a nephew 
 of Mr. T'aine's, P. S. Blodgett. Mr. Paine be- 
 came connected with the West Shore in 1880, 
 and just previous to his resignation appointed 
 Mr. BJodgett to a lucrative position on the 
 Western division. Mr. Blodgett was succeeded 
 
 as superintendent by T. .1. Charleswortli, and 
 he by George H. Worcester, a son of the sec- 
 retary and treasurer of the road. 
 
 T!ie representatives of the road in the city of 
 Monroe have been numerous, and the terms of 
 their service have extended from sixty days to 
 fifteen j'cars. Among them, three have been 
 of more than local distinction. J. S. Dickinson 
 became a prominent officer of the Wabash com- 
 pany; C. C. Haskins achieve<l fame as a poet 
 and later as an electrician, and for sixt}' days 
 in 1868 the position of agent was held hj- C. D. 
 Hanks, who was reputed to be not only a poet 
 but a politician as well, having previously been 
 one of the State officers of Ohio. 
 
 The history of the Michigan .Southern has 
 been given at considerable length and with 
 fullness of detail, for the reason that its story is 
 intert'.N ined and closely linked with the history 
 of Monroe cit^' and county. Had it not been 
 for the earnest |)ersistcnce of our early citizens, 
 the road would never have been built. Had it 
 not been for their energetic action it would 
 have been hopelessly destroyed in the interest 
 of the Central within a month after its first 
 division was finished ; and when tlie amount of 
 wealth in the infant community is taken into 
 consideration, the list of the stockholders who 
 purchaseil it from the State and the amounts 
 they subscribed will show how deeply they 
 were interested in its presci'vation as a dis- 
 tinctively Monroe entei'prise, and at what cost 
 to tiiemselves they attompt(Hl to build u]i the 
 city of their home. 
 
 "When Bli.ss secured tlie presidency of the 
 S()\ilhern and proceeded to saddle upon it the 
 bankrupt Erie and Kalamazoo, which he also 
 was interested in, and which was a '-cheap 
 purchase'' to the syndicate he represented, 
 under its burden of judgments, a heavy blow 
 was struck at t!ic growtli and prosperity of 
 Monroe, and struck through the very means 
 the}' had anticipated would build it up and 
 maintain its prestige. The gradual transfer- 
 ence of its terminal business from Monroe to 
 Toledo tended to the upbuilding of the latter at 
 the expense of the former. The business men 
 of Monroe .sought equal facilities, were prom- 
 ised them, but the rival city maintained her 
 advantage. Thus a decade passed away, and 
 then followed the " dark days" of the financial 
 crash, when the road seemed on the verge of 
 bankruptcy and could do nothing for either 
 
234 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 city. But the period of the greatest depres- 
 sion was followed by the civil war with its 
 fluctuating currency, its feverish excitement of 
 speculation, and the increased tide of business 
 incident to the transportation of men and 
 material of war, animals and sustenance for 
 the troops and raw material for manufacture for 
 their supplies, and almost every nortliern rail- 
 road felt the impetus of the growing activity, 
 and began to increase in value. At the termina- 
 tion of the war the Southern was again on a 
 sound financial foundation. 
 
 It would be strange, taking into considera- 
 tion the part which Monroe had played in the 
 creation of the Southern, if no feeling should 
 arise against the line for the diversion of her 
 traffic and the loss of the terminal facilities. 
 With a grassgrown track by the side of her 
 river, with empty warehouses rotting at her 
 wharves, with her harbor deserted and the 
 connecting track abandoned and torn up, a 
 bitterness of feeling was engendered against 
 the Southern that rendered the position of 
 representative of the road at Monroe anything 
 but an enviable one. Between the demands of 
 the patrons on the one hand and the refusals of 
 the corporation on the other — with injustice 
 undoubtedly on both sides — it was not until 
 Mr. Cooper and Mr. Wright became superin- 
 tendents that anything like adequate facilities 
 were furnished for the business of the place. 
 Later the stress of comjjetition brought about 
 a uniformity of rates which placed Monroe 
 upon an equality with her quondam rival, and 
 the antagonism between the city and the coni- 
 ]iany seems dying out. 
 
 But this antagonism was at its height shortly 
 after the close of the war, and was one of the 
 controlling causes which brought the second 
 railway into the county. .Some years before 
 this time a railroad had been built from Holly, 
 on the Detroit and Milwaukee, seventeen 
 miles northward to Flint. This line was the 
 embryo of the pi'e.sent Flint and Pere Mar- 
 quette. Later it had been pushed forward 
 to Saginaw, then enjoying such a season of 
 prosperity as later came to be designated as 
 a "boom," and after running a branch for 
 si.xtoen miles down the Saginaw river to Bay 
 City had cros.sed the river at Bast Saginaw 
 and struck out through pathless forests of 
 pine tnr the di.stant shores of Lake Michigan. 
 A new country was being opened up, and 
 
 strenuous efforts were being made to control 
 its trade. 
 
 In the meantime anew and unique method of 
 building railroads had come into vogue. Their 
 benefits had come to be generallj' recognized, 
 and every hamlet was anxious to be upon some 
 line of railroad. It became an easy matter for 
 people, sanguine of the benefits which might 
 ensue, to be induced to discount those benefits. 
 The plan was simple and easy. A company 
 would be formed, a charter procured, sufficient 
 mone\- paid in to pay for two or three pre- 
 liminary surveys, and then the aid of the pub- 
 lic would be sought to build the line. Each 
 location upon the different surveys would be- 
 come an earnest rival of the other lines, and 
 would strain every nerve to procure sufficient 
 financial inducement to cause the forthcoming 
 line to pass through its borders. Thus the 
 location was virtually put up at auction to the 
 highest bidder, and ever}' one who might be 
 benefited, no matter how indirectly, was be- 
 sought to subscribe in aid of the new project. 
 Thus it sometimes chanced that railroads would 
 be built at the expense of the communities 
 through which they passed, while they would, 
 of cour.se, be owned by the company ])Ossessing 
 the charter. 
 
 Monroe, conceiving itself ill used by its on\y 
 railroad, the Soiilhern, and at the same time de- 
 siring to control a part of the trade of the Sagi- 
 naw valley, began to talk of a line which 
 should extend northward to connect with the 
 Flint and Pere Marquette at Holly, and south- 
 ward to the State line, t'leretolje met by a cor- 
 responding line from Toledo. The civil war, but 
 reccnti}- closed, had accentuated the American 
 habit of deciding all matters of public interest 
 at public meetings, and public meetings were 
 called to take into consideration the advisa- 
 bility of making an effort to build a north and 
 south railroad. 
 
 As to its necessity the speakers were all 
 agreed ; the question of expediency and cost 
 wasdiscussed,antl committees appointed. Other 
 meetings were held, at which favorable re- 
 ports from these committees were made and 
 much enthusi.asm created. But enthusiasm 
 does not build railroads nor provide them with 
 rolling stock. The result of the meetings was 
 the organization of the Holly, Wayne and 
 Monroe Railroad Company'. Capital stock was 
 subscribed at Monroe and other points along 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 2^5 
 
 the proposed route, aiul committees were ap- 
 pointed to solicit aid. A line was surveyed 
 wliicli started at sucli a point in the first ward 
 of Monroe City as siiouid enable a connection 
 to bo made with tiic tracks of the Michigan 
 S<juthorii and Northern Indiana. Tlience cross- 
 ing; the River Raisin, liie road extended 
 througii an excellent farming country for sev- 
 eral miles, then entered a belt of hard wood 
 timber lying on the boundaries of Monroe and 
 AVayne counties, thence through " Catville " 
 (later rechristened "New Boston"), crossing 
 the line of the Michigan Central at the village 
 of Wayne, thence through Plymouth, North- 
 viile and Milford to the village of Holly, sixt}-- 
 six miles from its commencement. 
 
 For a time everything went swimmingly. 
 The soliciting committees were almost uni- 
 formly successtul, and aid was liberally prom- 
 ised. Construction was begun at the north 
 end, and at various places along the line grad- 
 ing was done. The most difficult portion of 
 the line lay between \Va3Mie and Monroe, and 
 at first but little was done upon this. Then fol- 
 lowed a season of indifference, during which 
 but slow progress was ma<le. The company 
 maintained its corporate existence, and occa- 
 sionally spurred up the lagging enthusiasm by 
 a public; meeting. The year 18(i8 found the 
 company- in this position, when the heavy fire 
 of that year bore heavily' upon some of the 
 road's most ardent advocates. Its treasury be- 
 lame exhausted, and several contractors who 
 had ventured largely in its construction be- 
 came embarrassed ; among them General Levi 
 S. Ilumphrej', the commissioner who had built 
 the Michigan Southern. But the organization 
 pluckily keptat work. During ISOOand 1870 
 some work was done, but it became evi<lcntto 
 the projectors and promoters of the scheme 
 that even if they succeeded in completing their 
 roud bed, it would be ditficult to ])ut on equip- 
 ment, and the line would be a weakling. 
 
 The Flint and Pere Marquette, under the 
 energetic management of George C. Kimball, 
 terminated at Holly, reaching Detroit over the 
 tracks of the Detroit and Milwaukee. Mr. 
 Kimball was dissatisfied with the accommoda- 
 tions accorded him bj' that line, and was cast- 
 ing about for another outlet. Negotiations 
 were entered into betiveon the Holly, Wayne 
 and Monroe and the Flint and Pere Marquette 
 by which th^ latter were to complete the work 
 
 upon the road bed, iron it and put on the 
 requisite equipment, and were to take the vari- 
 ous subscriptions to the I'oad. But so long a 
 time had elapsed since the work of the solicit- 
 ing committee had been done, that some of the 
 aid notes had become stale and others value- 
 less. The pro])ositioTi was made to obtain re- 
 newals of these, which were to be turned over 
 to a committee of citizens of whose responsi- 
 bility and standing there was no doubt, and 
 these citizens were to give their personal bond 
 to the Flint and Pere Marquette. As the peo- 
 ple were anxious for an early completion of the 
 work, at least as far as Monroe, it was stipu- 
 lated that connection should be made with the 
 tracks of the Lake Shore ami Michigan South- 
 ern by the first of January, 1872, the arrange- 
 ment being perfected with the Flint and Pero 
 Marquette early in 1871. 
 
 With his accustomed energy Superintendent 
 Kimball began to push the construction of the 
 new line, and from time to time reports reached 
 Monroe of its extension southward, and that 
 first one and then another point had welcomed 
 the advent of the iron steed on its southward 
 ))rogress. 
 
 Hut doubt began to creep over the inhabit- 
 ants of Monroe as the summer passed and 
 autumn came on, and no preparation was vis- 
 ible to bridge the Raisin. This was a task 
 which would require at least several weeks for 
 its completion. It was generally supposed 
 that the agreement with the Flint and Pei-e 
 Marquette, which called for a connection with 
 the tracks of the Jjake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern, provided for a depot in the first 
 ward of the city. The line from Detroit to 
 Toledo, while owned and operated by the Lake 
 Shore and Michigan Southern, had never been 
 consolidated with it, but still maintained its 
 organization as an independent company ; and 
 it was apprehended that a connection with 
 the track of that line .vould not be a com- 
 pliance with the conditions of the agreement. 
 The curiosity of the people becanie great when 
 it was known that the construction force had 
 reached within three miles of the city. It was 
 now early in December, 1871, and practically 
 impossible to bridge the river in time to con- 
 nect the tracks before January 1, 1872. But 
 the question was speedily settled. Abandon- 
 ing the line of the original survey-, about a mile 
 north of the city limits a sharp curve was made 
 
236 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 to the eastward, and near the Detroit, Monroe 
 and Toledo track a reverse curve to the south- 
 ward brought the line to the right of way of 
 the latter road. The acquisition of the neces- 
 sary land by arrangement for a part, and the 
 purchase outright of another portion, was 
 quietly done, the new line was as quietly 
 staked out, and before the fact was generally 
 known tiie rails had been laid to the track of 
 the Detroit, Monroe and Toledo line. No con- 
 nection was made, however, and it was at once 
 vigorously protested that the agreement had 
 been violated, and the signers of the aid notes 
 relea.sed from their obligations. But the pro- 
 testers evidently failed to reckon upon the 
 astuteness of corporations. 
 
 Op])osite the north end of Half street, from 
 the main track of the Lake Shore and Michi- 
 gan Southern, a long track, curving in a north- 
 easterly direction, extends to a point a few 
 feet north of the crossing of Fi-ont street, over 
 the Detroit, Monroe and Toledo track. This 
 curving side track, as well as all the other side 
 tracks at the station, extended east and west, 
 and were portions of the track of the Lake 
 Shore and Michigan Southern ; and the point of 
 connection of this curving track with the north 
 and south track was in reality the point of 
 connection between the Lake Shore and Michi- 
 gan Southern and the Detroit, Moni-oe and 
 Toledo railroads. Putting in a "frog" about 
 three-fourths of a mile north of the river, in 
 order to carry the northerly line of rail across 
 the west line of rail of the Detroit, Monroe and 
 Toledo, the new line was put down parallel to 
 and about two inches from the line of rail of the 
 Detroit and Toledo road and carried down in 
 this manner past Elm avenue and across the 
 railroad bridge, and between the 20th and 24tli 
 of J)ecember, 1871, the end of this line of rail 
 was connected with the north end of the curve 
 track before mentioned, thus carrying out the 
 letter if not the spirit of the agreement. 
 
 A few days before, a meeting had taken 
 place at Monro(i between Superintendents Kim- 
 ball of the Flint and Pere Marquette, and 
 Wright of the Fiake Shore and Michigan 
 Southei-n, at which arrangements had been 
 made for the business of the new line to be 
 done h3' the force and in the offices of the old 
 one, and the agent in charge was instructed to 
 make the necessary ])lans for the transfer of 
 about six car loads of freight each way daily, 
 
 that being about the anticipated volume ot 
 interchange. But twenty-four hours after the 
 connection had been made a train arrived at 
 Monroe from Holly bringing in over thirty car 
 loads of freight and taking out forty-two. 
 
 The dissatisfaction of the people of Monroe at 
 the outcome of their effort to obtain a compet- 
 ing road was intense, and fanned the antag- 
 onism against the Southern into a brighter 
 flame. After all their efforts and sacrifices the 
 new road had joined hands with the enemy 
 and they were no better off than before, after 
 their outlay. But even before the new line 
 had reached its connection with the old one a 
 hope appeared, aroused b}' well-founded rumors 
 of still another line which would afford an out- 
 let north, south, east and west, and be indeed a 
 competing road. 
 
 With the opening to traffic of the Flint and 
 Pere Marquette Railroad the business interests 
 of Monroe and the surrounding country began 
 a healthy and satisfactory growth. Access 
 was had to the lumbering regions and a marUet 
 afforded for hay and grain. East Saginaw and 
 Bay Citj", respectivelj" the distributing points 
 for the inland lumber camps and the towns 
 along the shores of Lake Huron, furnished a 
 ready outlet for berries, vegetables and fruits, 
 and the market gardening interest began a 
 steady growth, which it has maintained and 
 inci-eased year by year until it has become one 
 of the prominent industries of the vicinity. 
 Through a portion of its route the new railroad 
 ran through dense forests of hard woods, 
 which difficulty of access had kept from mar- 
 ket. Heavy contracts were made whereby 
 this timber was to be cut, hauled by train to 
 Monroe and there put into the river. Thence 
 it was rafted to the St. Lawrence, and from 
 there transported to Europe for shipbuilding 
 purposes. While this supi)ly of timber lasted 
 the docks assumed a semblance of their former 
 activity; and when the timber suitable for ship- 
 building became scarce, there still remained 
 large quantities suitable for cooperage stock, and 
 the northern portion of the county began to feel 
 the business impetus occasioned by the opening 
 of communication with the outside world. It 
 was rapidly cleared up, and what had been a 
 heavy forest when the road was opened, grad- 
 ually became arable land, such timber as was 
 not suitable for cooperage purposes being made 
 into charcoal, for which the industries of 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 rM 
 
 W}-;inilotlo and Delroil fiiriiislie<l :i ready 
 market. The now line was found advan- 
 tageous in another particular, in that it fur- 
 nished the towns in Monroe county a direct 
 lino from the great pine regions of the State. 
 Theretofore no pine lumber was atlainabU; 
 s;ive by pa\'ing transportation charges over 
 two roads. This was now changed, and the 
 lunihcr trade of Monroe began to assume much 
 larger proportions and the building trailes felt 
 the increase. 
 
 The dissatisfaction which arose from the 
 liiial change of route si)eedily disappeai'od 
 wlioii it was found that some of the anticipated 
 licnetils which had inspired the building of the 
 new line, wcrebeing realized, and thatthc man- 
 agement was disposed to deal generously and 
 equitably with the businessmen of Monroe. For 
 some 3-cars that portion of the road between 
 Monroe and Holly was known as the Holly, 
 Wayne and Monroe division of the Flint and 
 Pei'c Marquette Railway, but a later reorgani- 
 zation merged it into the Eastern division, ex- 
 tending from Bay City through East Saginaw 
 to Monroe. 
 
 In the dark days succeeding the panic of 
 1873 the road passed through some of the vicis- 
 situdes incident to railwa}' property in times 
 of commercial and financial depression. In 
 1879 it went into the hands of a receiver ap- 
 pointed bj' the courts. After the affairs of the 
 old company were wound up, the bondholders 
 of the road took the property and again reor- 
 ganized it into the Flint and Pere Marquette 
 Kailroad. Since this reorganization it has 
 steadily increased in value. By means of 
 branches run into the pine regions it has main- 
 tained its supremacy as one of the leading 
 lumber lines, and at the same time has opened 
 up a vast area of country for settlement. By 
 means of its own steamers between Ludington 
 and Milwaukee, it has established itself as an 
 important link in the transcontinental isj-stom 
 of rail ways, and has been a successful competitor 
 for a liberal portion of through traffic. It lias 
 steadily improved its property- and equipment, 
 promptly adopting every tried and valuable 
 improvement. Its iron rails have been re- 
 placed by the best quality of steel, its motive 
 power and rolling stock are the best obtainable, 
 its station buildings and general offices are 
 models of elegance and adaptability, and while 
 these improvements have boon in steady prog- 
 
 ress, they have been made from the legitimate 
 earnings of the road. While its mahagoiuent 
 has been careful and prudent it has likewise 
 been liberal, and has recognized the truth of 
 the adage that " One dollar and a friend is bet- 
 ter than two dollars and an enemy."' The 
 "Independent State" feels a jjardonable pride 
 in the prosperity of the Flint and Pere Mar- 
 <[ucttc, since a portion of the line is of her own 
 creation. 
 
 For some years jirior to 1873 railroad liuild- 
 ing was active throughout the northern section 
 of the United States. The completion of the 
 first Pacific line, in 18G9, had given an impetus 
 to the business in the West; and various con- 
 solidations of small and weak lines with largo 
 and powerful ones in the middle and eastern 
 sections, had again called the attention of cap- 
 italists to railroad building and operation as 
 an investment. Five trunk lines, more or less 
 complete, were in operation between the East 
 and the West: tho Grand Trunk, New York 
 Central, Erie, Pennsylvania, and Baltimore and 
 Ohio. Of these all but the first were wholly 
 within tho boundaries of tho United States. 
 This skirted the northern shore of Lake On- 
 tario, reached the United States at the outlet 
 of Lake Huron, and then by connecting roads 
 made a detour around the south end of Lake 
 Michigan to reach Chicago. Tho second and 
 third ran from New York to Buffalo, and thence, 
 by two separate lines, deflected southwestward 
 along the trend of Lake F]ric, thence westward 
 to Chicago. The third ran in an approximate 
 air line through Pennsylvania, and tlien bent 
 northward to reach the same point ; while the 
 Baltimore and Ohio made a more circuitous 
 southern route than an}- of the others. Neither 
 route was, even approximatel}', an air line, and 
 neither the shortest practicable route. Kxam- 
 ination of the map will disclose the fact that a 
 lino drawn from Western New York to Chicago 
 will tend to the northward of Lake Erie rather 
 than south of it. Taking advantage of this 
 fact the project of another trunk line was de- 
 vised, a portion of which, starting at Buffalo, 
 should run in an air line through Canada to 
 the Detroit Iliver, crossing which a direct 
 southwesterly course was laid to tho southern 
 point of Lake Michigan, whence a few miles 
 northwestward would bring it into Chicago. 
 From the starting point, west of the Detroit 
 river, a lino was projected to run northward to 
 
23S 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Detroit and southward to Toledo, pai-allcl with 
 the Detroit, Monroe and Toledo line; the point 
 where the projected line crossed the Detroit 
 river being almost exactly midway between 
 Detroit and Toledo. 
 
 Among the many railway enterprises in 
 which capitalists were engaged at this time, the 
 new line obtained assurance of adequate finan- 
 cial backing, and its organization was speedily 
 effected. It was composed of four separate 
 companies: the Canada Soutlicrn, from the 
 Niagara Ki%'er to the Detroit River; the Can- 
 ada Southern Bridge Company, for the ferry 
 and bridge acro.ss the Detroit River, Amherst- 
 burg to Stony Island, Ston}- Island to CTros.se 
 Isle and the mainland; the Chicago and Can- 
 ada Southern thence to Chicago, and the To- 
 ledo, Canada Southern and Detroit, Detroit to 
 Toledo. 
 
 The line was a prime favorite from its very 
 inception. Itaroiised noantagonisms. It asked 
 no bonuses or favors, purchased its right of 
 way, paid for its materials and help promptly, 
 and proceeded without an^- flourish of trum- 
 j^ets, in a methodical and business-like manner, 
 to construct it.s road. Work was first begun on 
 the Canada portion of it, and when that was 
 well under way the crossing at Amherstburg 
 was undertaken, and work begun upon the 
 division between Toledo and Detroit. The 
 number of bridges to be built upon this latter 
 portion made the construction proceed some- 
 what slowly. Work was also begun on the line 
 from the Detroit River to Chicago. It wasprose- 
 cuted energetically during the summer of 1873, 
 and the autumn of that year found the Canada 
 line practically completed, as was the crossing 
 of the Detroit River and the Toledo and De- 
 troit divi.sion, while the line westward had 
 crossed the Michigan line and reached Faj-ette, 
 Ohio. The line between Detroit and Toledo was 
 opened for business November 13, 1873. 
 
 The opening of this line had a marked effect 
 upon the business of the entire county of Mon- 
 roe. The Chicago and Canada Southern line 
 ran diagonally in a southwestern direction 
 through the county. At the crossing of its 
 road with the Flint and Pere Marquette sprang 
 up the lively and flourishing village of Carl- 
 ton, which for some years found a profitable 
 industry in working up the hard-wood timber 
 of the surrounding country. The villages of 
 Scofield and Maybee also came into existence. 
 
 each the center of a lively trade with the sur- 
 rounding region. The enterprising inland 
 village of Dundee found itself at last with rail 
 connections to the outside world, and an era of 
 business revival and jirosperity set in. The 
 setting up of these surrounding markets tended 
 to curtail the territory whose trade had there- 
 tofore been tributary to Monroe Cit}-, but such 
 was the impetus given to its business that 
 property of all kinds appreciated in value; a 
 large tract of land east of the new railroad was 
 platted and put into the market, as well as an- 
 other in the southern part of the cit}' ; new 
 manufactories were projected and built, old 
 ones were enlarged ; houses were erected, and 
 there was such an influx of population that in 
 the fall of 1873 rents rapidl}^ increased and 
 there was not a vacant dwelling to be found. 
 Indeed, in some cases houses in process of 
 erection were rented while yet unfinished, the 
 prospective tenants paying rent to secure 
 them. 
 
 With the opening of the new line Monroe 
 became a battleground between it and its com- 
 petitor, the Lake Shore. The officers and 
 agents of the new line had been selected from 
 the ranks of its competitor, thus securing a 
 force which had no need to become acquainted 
 with its prospective patrons. Its sujjerinten- 
 dent was David Edwards, who had been agent 
 of the Lake Shore at. Detroit ; its agent at 
 Detroit was T. H. Malone, and at Toledo, W. H. 
 Minneker, who had respectively been chief 
 clerks in the freight dejiartment of the Lake 
 Shore at those cities ; and the agent at Monroe 
 was W. B. Calhoun, who, some years previ- 
 ously, had been telegraph operator and ticket 
 agent of the Lake Shore at that point. The 
 roadmaster was James Conney, for many j^ears 
 in charge of the Lake Shore construction train, 
 and even the section foremen were drawn from 
 the ranks of the Lake Shore. 
 
 The warfare between the two lines was sharp 
 and bitter. Each seemed to be actuated b}' 
 tiie same spirit in regard to traffic as moved the 
 elderly Quaker in his advice to his son regard- 
 ing money: "Get it; honestly if thee can, 
 but — get it!" Each agent was presumed to 
 have a book of rates, but virtually made such 
 figures as would be likely to draw the business 
 from his rival. The shipping of freight be- 
 came a good deal like an auction sale, and each 
 jjatron wanted to " look around" before clos- 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 2.'? 9 
 
 inK the (ioiil. But tlic long iimscil |irejiiilicc 
 which Monroe t'elt against the Lai<e Shoi-o 
 found vent in building up its rival, though hy 
 an appeal to the pockets of patrons through 
 jiiwering rates down to and below the cost of 
 doing the business, the Lake Shore managed 
 to make it a losing game for its rival, and for 
 mail}' }-ears the Toledo, Canada Southern and 
 Detroit did not have earnings enough to meet 
 its expenditures. 
 
 Hut the new line, planned as a link in a 
 transcontinental chain, was not destined to he 
 completed. Just before its Canadian and De- 
 troit and Toledo branches were ready to re- 
 ceive traffic, and while its main line was being 
 rapidly pushed westward it was brought to a 
 sudden halt For several days in September, 
 ls7:{, the financial ])ul.se of Wall street beat 
 feverishly. Excitement, with difficulty sup- 
 pressed, marked the transactions of that great 
 monetary center. Specie payments had not 
 yet been resumed, and gold was the foot-ball 
 with which the bulls and bears were playing. 
 Day by da}' the stringency of the market grew 
 greater, till on " Black Friday '' the first crash 
 came; a crash which ushered in a financial de- 
 jiression la.sting for seven years. Amid the 
 ruins of the earlier shocks were the financial 
 backers of the Canada Southern, and construc- 
 tion was at once suspended, never to be re- 
 sumed. 
 
 For some yoar.s thereafter the Canada South- 
 ern led a precarious existence, repudiating 
 claims, declining to pay losses, and rapidly ap- 
 proaching bankruptcy. The railroad wars in- 
 augurated shortly alter it was opened forbu.si- 
 ness and continued with unabated violence for 
 several j'ears, the great strike of 1877 and con- 
 sequent loss of traffic, and the general depres- 
 sion of all industries of the country during the 
 years following the crash of 1873, conspired to 
 depreciate its value and render it an unprofit- 
 able venture. Its rolling stock became worn 
 out without the ability to replace it, its road 
 bed degenerated into " two streaks of rust and 
 the right of way,' when the process of dismem- 
 berment began. In 1879 the Lake Shore arxl 
 Michigan Southern purchased $1,732,500 of the 
 first mortgage bonds and -SI, 384, 700 of the 
 capital stock of the Chicago and Canada 
 Southern, that portion of the line extending 
 from the Detroit River to Fayette. Ohio, sixty 
 seven miles. Although this purchase nomi- 
 
 nally rcpi-esentcd $3,117,20(1, it cost the pur- 
 chasing company but S()t)5,0()() — a little less 
 than -SlOjOOO per mile ; and forever put it out 
 of the power of the company to complete a 
 competing line to Chicago. This pui-chase, 
 however, was of a similar character to the 
 earlier purchase of the Frie and Kalamazoo by 
 the Michigan Southern when George HIiss con- 
 trolled both. It was buying the rival up and 
 then uidoading it upon the successful road. 
 The Vanderbilt interest had controlled the 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern since 
 1873, and had in the meantime acquired con- 
 trol of the Canada Southern enterprise. It 
 also controlled the Michigan Centi'al. The 
 Chicago and Canada Southern lived six years, 
 almost to a day. Opened for traffic November 
 13, 1873, on November 10, 1870, the Lake 
 Shore assumed (-ontrol of it. The remaining 
 divisions of the road assumed closer relations 
 with the Michigan C!entral,and some two or 
 three years later were absorbed by that com- 
 pany, the main line becoming the Canada divi- 
 sion, and the Toledo, Canada Southern and 
 Detroit, the Toledo division of the Michigan 
 Central, January 1, 1883. 
 
 With the acquisition of the Vanderbilt party 
 of the control of the Canada Southern, compe- 
 tition virtually ceased, though an occasional 
 desultory war of rates would sometimes break 
 out ; but with the advent of the control of the 
 Michigan Central regime it ceased entirely. 
 Though the two different organizations are 
 still maintained, and the roads are managed bj' 
 distinct and different heads of departments, 
 and the outward semblance of rivalry is kept 
 up, the interests of both lines are in effect 
 identical, and Monroe is again without compe- 
 tition, and practically under the feet of the 
 object of its ancient feud. 
 
 While the Holly, Waj'ne and Monroe was as 
 yet incomplete, and before the Canada South- 
 ern had assumed form, another railroad project 
 was started. This contemplate<l a line begin- 
 ning at Toledo and extending in a northwest- 
 erly direction through Monroe county and into 
 Washtenaw, where its southern division was 
 to terminate at the city of Ann Arbor. The 
 design was ultimately to extend it into the 
 pine regions of the State. The original plan 
 contem](lated the construction by the Toledo 
 and Northern Railroad Company, of a line 
 from Toledo to some point on the southern 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 border of Monroe county ; thence the Michigan 
 end of the company (the Toledo, Ann Arbor 
 and Northern) was to continue the line through 
 the city of Ann Arbor to Owosso, Shiawassee 
 county. The articles of incorporation of the 
 Michigan company bear date October 23, 18(;9, 
 and were filed in the office of Uie Secretary of 
 State November 26, 1801). 
 
 During 1870 and 1871 preliminary survey's 
 were made and the line determined uj)on. Then 
 began the solicitation of "aid notes" along the 
 line, for this road was to be built in the man- 
 ner of the Holly, Wayne and Monroe, largely 
 by the contributions of the district through 
 which it was to run. Governor Ashley, of 
 Toledo, was largely interested in the project, 
 and it is only through his almost indomitable 
 perseverance that it has been enabled to bo 
 brought to completion, for its histoi-y is the tale 
 of almost continual struggle against obstacles 
 well nigh insurmountable. The work had 
 scarcely begun upon the line when the panic 
 wave of 1873 swept over the country. Some 
 grading had been done on portions of the line; 
 the roadbed was ready for the ties at other 
 places ; some 70,000 ties had been bought, to- 
 gether with several hundred cords of wood. An 
 expenditure of about one-fifth of the capital 
 stock had been made when the road hecarae in- 
 volved in litigation arising from its financial 
 difficulties. The aid notes were not playable 
 till six months after the first train had run 
 over the road, and wore consequently not 
 available; subscribers to the capital stock were 
 declining to pay, creditons were pressing, and 
 the road eventually appeared in the United 
 States coiirt as a bankrupt, and Edward D. 
 Kinne, of Ann Arbor, became its assignee. 
 September 28, 1875, under an order of the 
 court, dated August 13, 1875, the road and its 
 franchises was sold by the assignee to Benja- 
 min P. Crane, of Ann Arbor, for $1,100. 
 Governor Ashley at once took steps to reor- 
 ganize the project, and on June 9, 1877, pur- 
 chased the road and its franchises from Mr. 
 Crane for $25,000, and organized the Toledo 
 and Ann Arbor Railroad Company, the articles 
 of incorporation being dated November 23, 
 1877, and filed in the office of the Secretary of 
 State the same dny. Construction was at once 
 proceeded with, and supplies bought, and the 
 road was completed from Toledo to Ann Arbor 
 
 May 18, 1878; and regular trains began run- 
 ning July 8, 1878. 
 
 But the road was not through with its finan- 
 cial difficulties. The " aid notes " given at 
 various intervals during the ])reeeding seven 
 years, fell due early in 1879, after the road had 
 been si.x months in operation. 
 
 Changes had in the meantime taken place, 
 and some of the notes had become value- 
 less. Many of the others wore contested when 
 payment was pressed, and the litigation of 
 the.se claims was still going on as late as 1884. 
 
 Shortly after its completion to Ann Arbor a 
 reorganization was had, which, under the name 
 of the Toledo, Ann Arbor and Grand Trunk, 
 gave it running arrangements with the Grand 
 Trunk Railway of Canada. Work upon the 
 noi'thern end in the meantime was being 
 pushed forward, and in 1880 it was again re- 
 organized as the Toledo, Ann Arbor and 
 North Michigan, the name it now retains. In 
 1886 it was opened to Mt. Pleasant, in the edge 
 of the pine belt, 171 miles from Toledo, and has 
 projected two lines westward : one from Mt. 
 Pleasant to Cadillac, w hich will ultimately be 
 extended to Lake Michigan and become a part 
 of the main line; the other from Ashley west- 
 ward to Muskegon. 
 
 After nearly twenty years of continuous 
 struggle against difficulties, the line is at last 
 firmly established and seems sure of a prosper- 
 ous future. Alon^f its route several busy vil- 
 lages have sprung into existence, which, while 
 curtailing the market of the city of Monroe, 
 still furnish an outlet for the produce of the 
 adjacent country, and opportunities for manu- 
 factories and stores. 
 
 Passing through the extreme northwestern 
 corner of Milan township, its only station in 
 Monroe county being the village of Milan, is a 
 branch of the Wabash system, the trunk line 
 of which extends from Toledo to St. Louis, 
 Missouri, and the Southwest. The branch in 
 question extends from Detroit southwesterly- 
 through Wayne and Washtenaw counties, the 
 northwest corner of Monroe, thence diagonally 
 through Lenawee to the State line, whence it 
 passes to Butler, Indiana, where connection is 
 made with the Eel River line, also under con- 
 ti'ol of the Wabash. Over this road it passes 
 to Logansport, Indinna, where connection is 
 made with the main line of the system. The 
 
RAILROADS. 
 
 241 
 
 Detroit l)raiicli vvus pi^ojcclcil unci l)iiilt .slujrtly 
 iifter the Toledo and Ann Arbor was completed, 
 llie first train passing in October, 18H1, and an 
 independent train service between Toledo and 
 I>etroit, running from Toledo to Milan over 
 I lie Toledo and Ann Arbor, thence over the 
 Wabash into Detroit, was organized. To tlie 
 M<irtliwcstern portion of the county this branch 
 liirnishes a direct communication with the city 
 of l)etroit, and a direct route to St. IjouIs and 
 the dislribiiting centers of the West and Soutli- 
 wosl. 
 
 Tiic latest railwaj' cntcrpriso within the 
 borders of the county, while having passed 
 liiroiigli the vicissitudes incident to new roads 
 ill seasons of financial slringenc}', now bid.s fair 
 to become an important and valuable line. 
 This road, now known as the ('incinnati, Jack- 
 son and Mackinaw,wasoriginally the outgrowth 
 of plans to build a road connecting Toledo with 
 some port on the eastern shore of Lake Michi- 
 gan, whence a steamboat line could run directl}' 
 to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Michigan por- 
 tion of it was organized under the name of the 
 Toledo and Milwaukee, and under this appella- 
 tion the right of way was secured, and in 1882 
 construction was begun. Ds I'oute was so laiil 
 as to reach many flourishing places in the 
 State, and at the sametimcgo through portions 
 of the rich fanning land of the lower penin- 
 sula somewhat remote from the trunk lines. 
 For a portion of its route it r. ins parallel with 
 the Michigan Central. Construction was be- 
 gun along the central and western portions of 
 Iho line fii'st and extended eastward. D was 
 well advanced toward Monroe county early in 
 1883, but at this time began to bo financially 
 embarrassed, and finding itself unable to build 
 the last twenty-five miles of its road, it was 
 completed to a junction with the Toledo and 
 Ann Arbor at Dundee, and perfected arrange- 
 ments with that road whereby it acquired the 
 privilege of running its trains between Toledo 
 and Dundee upon the Ann Arbor track. This 
 arrangement was made in tlie autumn of 1883, 
 and train service immediately instituted. By 
 the terms of its arrangement with the Toledo 
 and Ann Arbor, however, its benefit to Monroe 
 county was confined simply to furnishing a 
 route from Dundee westward, as it was not 
 allowed to take passengers or freight between 
 Toledo and Dundee, or any of the intermediate 
 points. 
 
 When its running arrangements were com- 
 plete, it was reorganized as the Michigan and 
 Ohio. Its road bed and rolling stock were of 
 a high order of construction, and it gave 
 promise of much usefulness, when its creditors 
 began litigation in the United States courts 
 with the inevitable consequence of a I'cceivcr- 
 ship. It was operated by J. A. Ijatcha as re- 
 ceiver till ])urchased by the (Cincinnati, Jack- 
 son and Mackinaw company, who now control 
 it, and have made it a portion of their system. 
 This company was organized in Ohio, with the 
 intent of building a road whicii should e.\teiid 
 from Cincinnati through western Ohio to some 
 point on the southern line of Lenawee or Hills- 
 dale counties, thence northerly- to the city of 
 Jackson, and ultimately northward through 
 the pine region to the straits of Mackinac. The 
 purchase of the Alichigan and Ohio will some- 
 what modify the route. The road is now rap- 
 idly approaching the Stale line at a ])oint on 
 the .southern border of Lenawee county whence 
 it will extend northward thi-ough the villages 
 of Hudson and Rollin to a junction with the 
 Michigan and Ohio line at Addison or Devil's 
 Lake, thence the Cincinnati line will be ex- 
 tended northward to Jackson. Whether the 
 northern division of the line will start from 
 Jackson or from the western terminus of the 
 Michigan and Ohio at Allegan is at present 
 undecided. The officers of the new company 
 are energetic and capable, and the road will 
 rapidl}' take a front rank under their manage- 
 ment. Some method of reaching Toledo over 
 a track owned by themselves is alread)' in 
 contemiiliition by the company, and among the 
 plans is one of extending the line from Dundee 
 southeasterly to Toledo. Should this project 
 bo finally decided upon, it would add but little 
 to the cost and nothing to the diflficiilly of the 
 undertaking if the extension were made to 
 touch the western portion of Monroe city. 
 This would give a direct communication be- 
 tween Monroe and Dundee, and also give to 
 both a competing i-oute to Toledo uncontrolled 
 by the trunk lines. Events move rapidly in 
 the railroad world in the present age, and an- 
 other decade ma)' make these concluding lines 
 of this chapter upon the history of railroads in 
 Monroe county, history indeed, in the sense 
 that the events recorded, even those w'hich are 
 now trans])iring, or oidy projected, will have 
 been modified, changed, orentirely passed away. 
 
24- 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Of the various i-ail\v:ijs,l,lio history of wliicli 
 has been tohl in llio prc<;cding pages, but six 
 have now "a local habitation and a name" 
 within Monroe county. The principal lino of 
 the county is the Lake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern, which has absorbed those mentioned 
 in this cha|)ter under the names of Erie and 
 Kalamazoo, Michigan Soutliern, Michigan 
 Southern and Northern Indiana, Detroit, Mon- 
 roe and Toledo, and Chicago and Canada 
 .Southern. Tiie Toledo, Canaila Southern and 
 Detroit lino of the old Canada Southern is 
 merged into the Michigan Central. The Holly, 
 Wayne and Monroe has disappeared in the 
 Flint and Pere Marquette. The other lines, 
 excepting the Wabash, though changed in 
 name atul sometimes in ownershij), remain 
 ]iractically as projected and built. 
 
 As to facilities of communication, few coun- 
 ties are better supplied than Monroe. Two 
 trunic lines furnish eas3- and frequent access to 
 the neighboring cities of Detroit and Toledo, as 
 well as to the great mercantile centers of the 
 country east and west. Through these, as 
 well as through the Wabash line, the South- 
 west is opened. The oil fields of Pennsylvania 
 and the coal regions of Ohio are put into direct 
 communication with all parts of the county 
 through these lines. The early vegetables and 
 fsemi-tropical fruits of the South reach our 
 markets nearly as quickly as they are found in 
 (Jhicago. Three lines connect the county with 
 the great fruit belt of western Michigan ; four 
 lines bring to it the pine and salt of the north; 
 one line already reaches that new and growing 
 empire, the northern peninsula, with its wealth 
 ol lumber and minerals, and another is pro- 
 jected. When to these is added the water 
 coinmunication which might be made available, 
 the harbor which has been and might again be 
 made the busiest spot in the count3', it indi- 
 cates that the future of Monroe countj% with its 
 strong and fertile soil and its varied produc- 
 tions, is not to bo an old age of senilit}- and 
 decadence, but a renewed youth of progress 
 and prosporit3-. 
 
 Note. — Ft is to be regretted that there re- 
 mains so meagre a record of the early history 
 of our railroads. The building of a railroad in 
 the olden time had in it an element of romance 
 differing greatly from the prosaic methods of 
 
 the present day. Then the new outlet became 
 a vital subject of interest to every inhabitant 
 of tiie route to be traversed; its progress was 
 intently watched, its opening hailed with 
 bursts of fervid oratory and flaming tar bar- 
 rels. It meant a new era of progress and devel- 
 opment. Now there is no more enthusiasm 
 than in the purchase of a specified number of 
 barrels of pork or bushels of wheat. The 
 record of our early roads is but scant and 
 meagre. Engros.sed in watching for results, 
 but slender records of progress were made. 
 The early system of transportation did not 
 tend to completeness of detail; and the writer 
 has been compelled to search through various 
 and widely scattered sources to obtain the 
 facts hereinbefore set out. The writer can 
 scarcely hope that ho has escaped error, but he 
 has spared no pains or labor to secure accu- 
 racy; though the search has sometimes been 
 long and difficult. In justice to the accom- 
 plished editor of the work, it should be remem- 
 bered that the writer alone is responsible for 
 whatever may be found in this chapter. 
 
 It remains to acknowledge the various sources 
 fi'om which the material for the foregoing 
 chapter has been drawn. The incejjtion of the 
 various roads and the legislation which gave 
 them being have been drawn from old volumes 
 of territorial laws, and the public acts of the 
 earlier 3 ears of Michigan's histor}' as a State, 
 which the writer has obtained from the library 
 of Colonel I. R. Grosvenor. From this source 
 have been obtained particulars of the earlj- 
 charters and the " acts " for internal improve- 
 jnents. Reports of the Supreme Court of the 
 State of Michigan have also been freelj' used, 
 together with the records of cases submitted to 
 ascertain dates of opening and construction of 
 the charters of some of the corporations. 
 
 Among the published volumes which the 
 writer has consulted at various jjoints of his 
 researches should be mentioned : Cooley's 
 "Michigan," in the series of " American Com- 
 monwealths ; " Landman's "Red Book of Michi- 
 gan ;" the publications of the " Pioneer Society 
 of Michigan ;" various " Legislative Manuals;" 
 " The Annual Reports to the Stockholders " of 
 the various railroads mentioned ; " The Re- 
 port of Michigan's Semi-Centennial of 1887;" 
 " The 1857 Compilation of Lawsrelating to the 
 Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana 
 Railroad Company," enriched with the manu- 
 
RAII.KOAOS. 
 
 248 
 
 script notes of the l;ilc Juil<,'c Warner Wiii<j, 
 toijothcr with a number of panipiilots and a 
 mass of newspaper cuttin^^s. 
 
 Access has also been hnd t.o the letters and 
 papers of General Levi S. Ilumpiirey for tlie 
 ]icriod during whicii, as Commissioner of In- 
 ternal Im]>i'ovcmenls, he constructed the Mich- 
 igan Soutiiorn road. 
 
 The writer woui<l specially acknowledge his 
 great obligations to the eourtos}' of C. P. Fie- 
 huid, the auditor of the Lake Shore and Mich- 
 igan Southern Hailwa}'. Mr. J>eland was (;on- 
 necteil with the old Michigan Southern and 
 Northern Indiana as its general ticket agent, 
 and after 18(i9 with the cousolidatoil lines as 
 auditor. From a connection with the line, ex'- 
 tcnding through about a quarter of a (tcntury, 
 his own knowledge of the affairs of the Michi- 
 gan Southern ie phenomenal and accurate. For 
 tea years ho has cmjjloj-ed his leisure in col- 
 lecting documents and reports connected with 
 the early history of the various roads which 
 became merged in the present trunk line. The 
 result has been published in the shape of his- 
 torical addenda, issued in connection with 
 the annual reports of the company. These 
 publi(^ations, extending through a sci-ies of 
 years, together with a large amount of unpub- 
 lished manuscript, covering in detail the earlier 
 financial transactions of the companies, both 
 under State and corj)orate management, have 
 been freely placed at the command of the 
 writer; and a liberal u.se of this material has 
 been made. As it has been interwoven with 
 the writer's own researches through that por- 
 tion of the history' of the Erie and Kalamazoo, 
 
 Michigan Southern and Detroit, Monrtie a?id To 
 ledo, it is im[iossible to point out the particular 
 portions of the chapter for which the writer is 
 indebted to Mr. Leiand ; but it maj' well be said 
 that had it not been for his researches and 
 courtesy that portion of the histoiy would bo 
 fragmentary and imperfet^t. 
 
 Farmers admirable ■' History of I)ctr'()it and 
 Michigan " has been of great service as a 
 means of verifying dates and particulars. The 
 painstaking accui-acy of Mr. Farmer's work is 
 beyond all ])raise. 
 
 In addition to the publications above men- 
 tioned, the wi-iter has availed himself of the 
 memories of such of the actors in the long ago 
 scones as yet survive. The writer himself was 
 connected with the Lake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern in the competitive struggle which 
 followed the opening of the Canada Southern, 
 and for a decade and a half felt the antagonism 
 subsisting between Monroe and the Michigan 
 Southern. From J. M. Sterling, one of the 
 midnigiit band who rescued the iron from the 
 machinations of Van Fosscn, the particulars of 
 that memorable night were obtained. 
 
 Joseph n. Cleveland, the first superintendent 
 of the Southern, and who was the only super- 
 intendent it had during the years it was oper- 
 ated by the Slate, has furnished from the rich 
 storehouse of his memory many of the facts 
 and circumstances connected with the primi- 
 tive railroading of those early daj's. It is well 
 to rescue these memories from oblivion, since 
 the actors in the scenes described must very 
 soon pass away. 
 
 A. B. Bk.\(ii)0n. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 THE BAR OK MONROE IN 1837. 
 
 H(»N. WOLCOTT LAWRENCE 
 
 WAS born in one of the towns :i<ljoining 
 J'ittsficld, Maswachusctts, on the first 
 (lay of November, in tlie year 178C. Ho was 
 married to Caroline Stebbins, of Springfield, in 
 the same State, November 26, 1816. In early 
 life ho availed himself of the advantages of 
 education afforded in the rural district where 
 he was born, and, without the advantages of a 
 college education, became eventually, by close 
 application to study, an e.xceptionally well-in- 
 formed and indeed a well-educated man. He 
 applied himself to the study of the law in the 
 office of one of the most eminent of the profes- 
 sion in Pittsfield, and for a time practiced his 
 profession in that place. In the meantime the 
 new country of the Northwest had begun to 
 attract the attention of the enterprising young 
 men of the Now England States, and many 
 were preparing to seek their fortunes in the 
 new land of promise. Mr. Lawrence was one of 
 these ; and in accordance with a previous un- 
 derstanding between himself and his affianced, 
 almost immediately after their marriage they 
 came to Michigan and established their home 
 on the River Raisin at Monroe. Hero in De- 
 cember, 1817, their first child, Luerotia Wil- 
 liams, afterwiirds the wife of Aipheus Felch, 
 was born. The inhabitants on the River Raisin 
 at that time were chiefly French, and the 
 daughter above mentioned was the first child of 
 American parents born among them. The old 
 French settlers were accustomed to tell of the 
 enthusiasm with which the newcomer was re- 
 ceived by them. The warmhearted French 
 mothers and daughters greeted her with gush- 
 ing tokens of the mostardent love and affection. 
 Tradition tolls that they were accustomed to 
 borrow the " Yankee c'.iild " from house to 
 house, that they might in turn welcome her 
 with their caresses and love. 
 
 Nino children were the issueof this marriage, 
 five of whom are now (1889) living. Mrs. 
 
 Lawrence and one of the children died with the 
 cholera at Monroe in August, 1834. In March, 
 1836, Mr. Lawrence was married to Mrs. 
 (.)j)helia B. Hopkins. By the second marriage 
 he had two children, both of whom are dead. 
 
 Judge Lawrence died at Monroe April 29, 
 1843. 
 
 Although a lawyer by profession, the sparse 
 population and meager business affairs of the 
 settlement on the Raisin afforded liim at first 
 little opportunity for professional practice. 
 American settlers, however, rapidly flowed in, 
 and they brought with them the means and the 
 enterprise which soon changed the business 
 character of the j)Iace, and filled the region 
 with an active, intelligent and prosperous pop- 
 ulation. Courts were established and clients 
 were not wanting. He continued to practice 
 law for man}- yeai'S, but he gradually with- 
 drew from it, devoting his time and attention 
 to mercantile and lumber business and to the 
 care o his real estate. 
 
 His settlement here was in the d:tj-s of terri- 
 torial government of Michigan, and when by 
 act of Congress the Legislative Council of the 
 Territory of Michigan was established, whose 
 members were chosen by popular vote, he was 
 elected a member, and he toolv his seat in that, 
 body June 7, 1824 ; and by the repeated suf- 
 frages of his constituents he continued a mem- 
 ber of the council until 1831. During all this 
 time he was chairman of the judiciary commit- 
 tee, and one of the most active and influential 
 members of that branch of the local govern- 
 ment. In 1836, after the organization of the 
 State government, he was elected one of the 
 associate justices of the circuit court for the 
 county of Monroe, and he continued to occupy 
 that position until 1839, when, by a change in 
 the judiciary system of the State the office was 
 abolished. 
 
 Judge Lawrence was an active and energetic 
 business man, and no one was more efficient or 
 
 [244] 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE IN 1837. 
 
 •245 
 
 more successful than he in the work of building 
 up the new settlements on the River Raisin, or 
 in promoting the general interest and pros- 
 perity both of the Territory and State of Mich- 
 igan. He was, moreover, a kind, generous, 
 affectionate and religious man, whose influence, 
 always most salutary, never ceased to surround 
 him with hosts of ardent friends. Was an 
 elder in the First Presbyterian church from 
 its orjianization until his death. 
 
 JAMES Q. ADAMS 
 
 Was born at Keene, New Hampshire, February 
 IC, 1798. He graduated at Dartmouth ("ollege, 
 Hanover, New Ham])sliire, and afterwards 
 studied law with Michael Sterling. In 1835 
 lie emigrated to Monroe, was admitted to prac- 
 tice, and became the law partner of the Hon. 
 Robert McClelland; was elected prosecuting 
 attorne}' of Monroe county. For years he held 
 the office of postmaster of the city of Monroe. 
 He was president of the corporation that con- 
 structed and e(jui])ped the railroad from Mon- 
 roe to LaPlai.sance, and was also president of 
 the River Raisin and LaPlaisance Bay Rail- 
 road Bank. He was a shrewd and successful 
 practitioner. He died in New York City, aged 
 sixty-seven. 
 
 ROBERT McClelland 
 
 Was born at Green Castle, Pennsylvania, 
 August 1, 1807. He was the son of an emi- 
 nent piiysieian of that place. He graduated 
 at Dickinson College (Carlisle, Pennsylvania) 
 ill 1829; was admitted to the bar at Chambers- 
 burg in 1831, and atlcr practicing there a short 
 time went to Pittsburgh and practiced his 
 profession there for about a }"ear, and then re- 
 moved to Monroe, Michigan, in the summer or 
 fail of 1833. He went into partnershi)) for 
 about two j'ears with James Q. Adams, then 
 in 183r> opened an office and practiced alone and 
 witli great success. 
 
 He was a member of the constitutional con- 
 vention of Michigan in 1835; a member of the 
 State legislature in 1838, 1840 and 1843, and 
 Speaker of the House in the latter year (and 
 the Michigan legislature never had a more 
 accomplished Speaker): a member of Congress 
 for three successive terms (Twenty-Eighth, 
 Twenty-Ninth and Thirtieth Congresses), from 
 1843 to 184!) ; member of the constitutional 
 
 convention of 1850; the first Governor for the 
 short term under the new constitution for 
 
 1852, elected in 1852 for the term of two years, 
 and went into office as Governor January- 1, 
 
 1853. On the inauguration of Franklin Pierce 
 as President, March 4, 1853, McClelland was 
 appointed Secretary of the Interior, in which he 
 continued till the end of Pierce's administration, 
 March 4, 1857. This was his last public office. 
 
 This list shows of itself that he must have 
 been above the average of men in ability and 
 fidelity to the public interests. And when it is 
 further stated that he performed the duties of 
 these various offices with credit to himself 
 and a high reputation among all parties for 
 ability and integrity, little more need to bo 
 said of him in this direction. 
 
 In 183(5 he married Miss Elizabeth Sabin, a 
 beautiful and excellent lady, who survived 
 him, but died at Detroit in 1884. He had 
 removed to Detroit prior to his election as 
 Governor, and resided there afterwards till his 
 death, August 30, 1880. 
 
 As a politician, he was eniinently cautious 
 and conservative, and when he thought his 
 ])arty was going to extremes in anj" direction, 
 he u.sed his best efforts to restrain them ; but 
 like a true politician, if, in spito of his efforts, 
 they persisted, he did not denounce them or 
 leave them, but went with them, though 
 against his better judgment, probably believ- 
 ing that by so doing he could have a more 
 salutary influence in restraining them from 
 dangerous extremes than by coming out in 
 open and direct opposition, by which that in- 
 fluence would be lost Doubtless many other 
 patriotic men of all parties have honest I}- acted 
 upon the like principle. 
 
 Few, if an}', knew him more intimatel}' than 
 I did, having been a student in his office !or 
 two years (from 183<) to 1838), when I was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, having, in 1845, taken and 
 closed up the business of Wing & McClel. 
 land, and been a law partner with him in 1849 
 and 1850. 
 
 As a man and a citizen he was strictly just 
 and fair, and while exacting what was his due 
 he was careful to exact nothing more. He 
 was of a cheerful and social disposition, of 
 pleasant address and popular manners, never 
 morose or fretful, and if ever melancholy or 
 despondent he would successfully conceal it. 
 Though seldom indulging in witticisms or story- 
 
246 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 telling, yet he enjoyed these qualities in others, 
 and in all circumstances was ready to indulge in 
 a pleasant laugh, so much so that his opponents 
 asserted that he laughed hi mself into office. 
 
 As a practicing lawyer he was systematic 
 and orderly in his habits, strictly and con- 
 scientiously faithful to the interests of his 
 clients. His industry and care in the prepara- 
 tion of his cases were persistent and inde- 
 fatigable. No decision bearing upon his case 
 escaped his search, and all efforts were made to 
 ascertain what the evidence was likely to be, 
 and if he failed of success it was no fault of his. 
 
 But he was a lawyer of the old school, and 
 adopted A. D. Frazer, of Detroit, as his model. 
 This school of lawyers was strong so far as 
 they could find decisions sustaining their po- 
 sitions, and these decisions were treated as 
 texts of revelation, and commented upon much 
 as the old Scotch divines commented upon 
 texts of Scripture. But they were very timid, 
 and therefore not very strong in reasoning up- 
 on the fundamental principles of the law and 
 demonstrating what the law must be in the ab- 
 sence of any authority upon a particular 
 point. They did not lack the power of rea.son- 
 ing upon such principles, but they did not 
 otten venture to exercise it. 
 
 He was ambitious as a lawyer for honorable 
 success in his profession. As a politician he 
 was also ambitious for success, but though 
 after 1848 1 was opposed to him in politics, 
 I never doubted his patriotism and do not now. 
 
 1 remember him as I do Judge Warner Wing 
 and Hon. Alplieus Felch and many others with 
 whom I differed in politics, as excellent men, 
 who would be deserving of a high standing as 
 true patriots in any country. I believe they 
 all honestly strove for what they sincerely be- 
 lieved best for the welfare and prosperity of 
 our whole country. I think they were in some 
 thing.s mistaken as to the best means of ac- 
 complishing the result — they thought I was; 
 Omnipotence alone can finally decide which 
 was right. I. P. Ciiristiancy. 
 
 HON. ISAAC P. CHRISTIANCY 
 
 Was born March 12, 1812, at Johnstown, State 
 of New York. His father, Thomas, was of 
 Holland descent, though a native of Schenec- 
 tady, New York. His mother was a Peekham 
 
 of Rhode Island (hence P. in his name). Isaac 
 P. was the second of a family of eight children, 
 all of whom lived to manhood and woman- 
 hood, the last (William Perry) dying in 1861. 
 
 His father was a poor, hard-working man, 
 who, until Isaac was eight years old, was a 
 blacksmith and edge-tool maker ; from that 
 time engaged in clearing and cultivating a new 
 farm. When about twelve years of age, Isaac 
 P.'s father, in clearing a piece of new land, met 
 with an accident by which seven of his ribs 
 and his collur-bone were broken. He recov- 
 ered after some months, was enabled to do the 
 lighter kinds of work, but with sligiit over- 
 exertion would be laid aside a mouth or two. 
 This threw upon Isaac P. at the age of twelve, 
 a largo part of the support of the family ; 
 but he was largo and strong of his age, 
 having his full growth before sixteen. He 
 could attend school but about three months 
 in winter, at a distance of two miles fi'om 
 home. His mother was a woman of fair educa- 
 tion, and more than average intellectual 
 activity and ability, and to a considerable 
 extent supplied the place of a teacher dur- 
 ing his childhood, takinggreat pains to inspire 
 him with the love of knowledge, and furnish- 
 ing him with the best kind of books to read. 
 His leisure moments were utilized by reading 
 and study, generally by fii'clight. His habits 
 of study and reading were thus early formed. 
 
 At the age of eighteen he was qualified for 
 and began teaching a district school ; was 
 occupied thus about three-quarters of three 
 years, the balance of the time attending the 
 academies at Johnstown and Kingsborough. 
 The following two years and a half he taught 
 school winters and attended the Ovid academy 
 in the summer. In the fall of 18.34 he com- 
 menced the study of law with the Hon. John 
 Maynard at Ovid, New York, and continued 
 with him until May, 1836, when he removed to 
 Monroe, Michigan, where he entered as clerk 
 of the United States land office under Major 
 (iershom T. Bulkley, registrar, and continued 
 therein until the removal of the office to Detroit. 
 
 He entered the law office of Hon. Robert 
 McClelland in May, 1836, and was admitted to 
 the bar in 1838; practiced law with John E. 
 Seeleyas a co-partner about one year, and was 
 associated with Franklin Johnson a short time. 
 In 1849 and 1850 was a law partner of the 
 Hon. Robert McClelland. With these excep- 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE IN 1837. 
 
 247 
 
 tious practiced alone and continued in practice 
 until he was elected judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Michigan. He was the prosecuting 
 attorney of Monroe county six j-cars, from 
 1841 to 184G. 
 
 In 1844 he brought from the East his father, 
 mother, two brothers and a sister (being all the 
 family then living), and furnished them with a 
 home on his Macon farm, where his father died 
 in 1849, one brother in 1850, his sister in 1856, 
 and his brother Perry in 1861. His mother 
 died at his home in Monroe in 1864, since 
 which he has been the only survi%'or of the 
 family. 
 
 From the time of his admission to the bar, in 
 whatever engaged, he added to his reputation 
 as a lawyer, and came to be regarded as .1 
 leader at the Monroe bar. Withal, he was an 
 ardent advocate of anti-slavery, and in 1848 
 was a delegate and one of the chief spirits of 
 the National Free Soil Convention at Buffalo. 
 The nomination of both of the old parties as 
 State senator came to him unsolicited in 184It 
 and he was elected without opposition. The 
 district was then compo.sed of Monroe, Lenawee, 
 Hillsdale and Branch counties. He was a 
 member of the session of 1850 (the last under 
 the old constitution), and the regular and 
 extra sessions of 1851' under the new; in 1852 
 was the Free Soil candidate for governor of 
 Michigan. 
 
 It was his plan, more than that of any other 
 one man, upon which the Republican party, 
 distinctivel}- as such, was first formed — the 
 plan of uniting all men irrespective of past 
 party affiliations, who were opposed to the 
 Kansas-Nebraska measures of President Buch- 
 anan's administration and to the extension of 
 slavery, into a single harmonious party. To 
 this, almost alone at first, ho devoted himself, 
 and after long, earnest and persistent efforts in 
 overcoming the opposition of some of the lead- 
 ing Whigs and in inducing the Free Soilers to 
 forego their separate organizations and nomi- 
 nations, he finall\- succeeded, and the nia.ss 
 convention at Jackson in the summer of 1854, 
 when the Republican party was first formed 
 and named, was the result. 
 
 He was a delegate to the first Re])ul)lican 
 National Convention at Philadelphia in 1856, 
 and one of the committee on resolutions which 
 framed its platform, and about that time be- 
 came proprietor and editor of the Monroe 
 
 Commercial and made it a Republican paper. 
 In 1857, he was first elected judge of the then 
 new Supreme Court of tliis State and re elected 
 for two subsequent terms. As a judge his 
 opinions are well and widely known. It can 
 be said that he was tenacious for the fullest 
 liberties of the people and thoroughly in accord 
 witli the spirit of the jurisprudence of a free 
 people. His third term began in 1874, and in 
 1875 through a combination between the Democ- 
 racy and Republicans opposed to Zack Chand- 
 ler, in which he had no agency, vvas elected a 
 United States Senator. It is certain that there 
 was no other possible combination that would 
 defeat Zack Chandler, as he was familiarly 
 called. 
 
 His popularity- as a judge of the Supreme 
 Court may be inferred from the fact that in 
 1857, when nominated as justice of the Supreme 
 Court for the term of eight years, he was elected 
 bj' a very large majority, and when in 1865 re- 
 nominated for the same position for the term 
 of eight years, the Democratic party would 
 make no nomination against him. and at the 
 end of this term was again nominated by both 
 parties and elected without opposition. In 
 January, 1875, without soliciting the office, he 
 was elected as before stated to the United 
 States Senate, and remained there until Feb- 
 ruary 11, 1879, when he accepted the appoint- 
 ment of United States Minister to Peru, where 
 he remained about two and a half ^-ears and 
 returned to his home in Lansing, where he still 
 resides, and for a number of years was resorted 
 to as counsel and for the argument of causes 
 before the Supreme Court. He is now in feeble 
 health, and when ab.sent from his home, fre- 
 quently' may be found in the State library; law 
 and history, the natural sciences being liis 
 favorite subjects of study. lie is occasionally 
 seen in the Supreme (Courtroom, where his por- 
 trait adorns the walls, as of right it should, 
 he having formerly for many years occupied a 
 seat upon the bench of the Supreme Court, lie 
 po.ssessed in an eminent degree the confidence 
 of all having business relations with him ; as a 
 lawyer and as a jurist was esi)eeially distin- 
 guished for his love of justice and for his 
 strong, practical common sense. His long and 
 successful career upon the bench of the Supreme 
 Court is fully evinced by the many able and 
 careful judgments found in our State reports. 
 
 He married at Monroe in November, 1839, 
 
248 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the daughter of Mrs. McClosky. His wife 
 died at Lansing, December 13, 1874, leaving a 
 large family, but five of whom are now living, 
 viz.: Henry Cliristiancy, a man of decided 
 ability, who has been for many years and is still 
 first assistant in the Detroit custom house; 
 James, who is engaged in the Interior Depart- 
 ment at Washington; William, who resides at 
 Lansing; and one widowed daughter (Mrs. 
 Marj- E. O'Brien), who superintends his house- 
 hold and is the comfort of his declining years. 
 
 His second marriage at Washington, while 
 United States Senator, proved an injudicious 
 and unfortunate one. He was soon divorced, 
 and an}' person that will peruse the testimony 
 taken in the case (which is quite voluminous), 
 or who has personally known him through a 
 long life, would unhesitatingly approve of the 
 conduct and course pursued by the Judge. 
 
 One of the figures often seen at the Capitol 
 is that of a tall and sturdily- built man, whose 
 frame and stature, once that of a giant, are now 
 shrunk and bowed by age. He goes about 
 with a cane, and his slow step, due somewhat 
 to bodily loebleness, is also in part due to the 
 preoccupation of a mind which deals with prob- 
 lems of law — a habit of long standing. There 
 is a distinguishable difference between the por- 
 trait on the wall, which represents a man well 
 on in middle life, with a grayish fringe of 
 whisker about the lower part of the face, a 
 smooth and a rather yellowish countenance, 
 keen gray eyes and high intellectual forehead, 
 and the furrowed features and whitened hair 
 of the living man to-day. Most frequently ho 
 may be found in the library — law and history 
 being favorite subjects of perusal. His last 
 case in the court of which formerly he had 
 formed a part was when Begole was gov- 
 ernor,and Trustee Walker of the Flint asylum 
 resisted the attempt of the governor to re- 
 move. His last appearance ;is an advocate in 
 any court was two years ago at Monroe, his 
 earl}' home. 
 
 There is ponding before the legislature a bill 
 to pension at a moderate sum such judges as 
 have attained the age of seventy' years and 
 have served for a long time. It is said that but 
 five men would be entitled to such a pension : 
 Judge Turner, of Owosso; Judge Christiancy, 
 of Lansing ; Judge Graves, of Battle Creek, 
 and Judges Campbell and Swift, of Detroit. 
 All these men served long years at very low 
 
 salaries, and gave to the State the time which 
 might have been employed in making private 
 fortunes. 
 
 ALPHEUS FIXCH 
 
 Was born at Limerick, York county, Maine, 
 September 28, 1804. After an academic course 
 at Exeter Academy, New Hamshii-e, he 
 graduated at Bowdoin College in 1827, and 
 immediately became a student-at-law at Frey- 
 berg, Maine, and was admitted to the bar at 
 Bungor, Maine, in autumn, 1830. Commenced 
 pr;ictice at Houlton, Maine, in the fall of that 
 year, where he continued in practice until the 
 spring of 1833. 
 
 He came to Monroe, Michigan, in the sum- 
 mer of 1833, and opened an office there in 
 August of that year, and continued to reside 
 there until September, 1843, when he removed 
 to Ann Arbor, which has since been his resi- 
 dence. 
 
 He was elected to House of Representatives 
 of Michigan in 1835, and again in 1836. Early 
 in 1838 he was appointed Bank Commissioner. 
 In February, 1842, appointed Auditor Gen- 
 eral of this State; but soon after entering upon 
 its duties was appointed by Governor Barry 
 Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; and in 
 January, 1843, was nominated and confirmed 
 as such justice, to fill the vacancy caused bj' 
 the resignation of William A. Fletcher, and 
 also foi' the succeeding full term. 
 
 In November, 1845, he was elected Governor 
 of the State. In 1847 was elected United 
 States Senator. 
 
 After expiration of his term as Senator, in 
 March, 1853, was appointed by the President 
 one of the commissioners to settle land claims 
 under the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, and 
 was president of the Board. He returned to 
 Michigan in June, 185fi (the labors of the com- 
 mission being closed), and from that time to 
 1873 engaged in professional business as a law- 
 yer. From this time for several j'ears he be- 
 came nearly blind, and was unable to do busi- 
 ness. But in 1879, having partially recovered 
 his sight, he was appointed professor of law in 
 the law department of the University of Mich- 
 igan, and continued to act in that capacity un- 
 til 1883, when he resigned, and has not since 
 been engaged in any official business. 
 
 In 1877, just fifty years after his graduation. 
 
/'\rr/ 
 
>4^j^^^i^^^^;>-«t: ""SX^ ^^^-/^^^t-^^Cj-^-- 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE IN 1S37. 
 
 M!t 
 
 IJowdoin Collc<!;e conf'orrcil upon liiiii Iho do- 
 -ivo ofLL. D. 
 
 IK' was married lo Liu-retia \V. J.iiwrcncc, 
 iliiiiyhter of Judge Wolcott Lawrence, at Mon- 
 roe, Micliigun, September 14, 1837, wlio died at 
 Ann Arbor July :50, 1882. They iiad ei,<,'lit 
 children — Caroline O., who married ('l.iudius 
 1'.. (irant (now .Tud,i;o Grant); Elizabeth H., 
 who married Milton B. Colo; Emma L., who 
 mai-ried Horace V. Knight; Arthur Willis, 
 who died in 1840 ; Theodore, who married 
 llattie C. Ego; Florence C, who died October 
 m, 18(52; Francis L. and Helen L , the latter 
 of whom married Doctor Chas. G. Jennings. 
 
 It may be readily- and correctly- inferred that 
 a man who was called upon to fill so many im- 
 portant offices was not a merely ordinarj- or 
 commonplace man, but that he must have pos- 
 sessed some characteristics which raised him 
 above the common level of his cotemporaries. 
 But this will still more clearly bo seen when 
 the further truth is stated that, so far as the 
 public over knew or suspected, and therefore 
 as far as truth will warrant us to presume, he 
 never sought or made any effort to obtain 
 any office which he ever held. And though he 
 held those offices when the demands of jiarty 
 were as strong and unrelenting, and party 
 )irejudiees were as sharp and suspicious as thej- 
 have since been, his integrity was never 
 doubted by any partj', though he alwaj-s acted 
 as a member of tiio Democratic parly. Whj-, 
 then, this confidence reposed in him almost 
 alone by the opposite party? 
 
 The reason is not far lo seek. First, ho was 
 a modest man, entirely clear from all self-asser- 
 lion, and frankly i-ecognized in the opposite 
 p.'ii'ty the same puril3' of purpose by which ho 
 ]pr<)fossed to 1)0 guided, and never impugne<l 
 tlicir integrity. Secondly, ho showed by bis 
 private life the most sincere interest in the 
 promotion of every measure for the advance- 
 ment, purification anti elevation of society in 
 general ; always charitable in his judgment of 
 others and lenient oven to their faults. 
 
 As a lawyer, while in practice at the bai-, he 
 was not so familiar with the teclinicalilios of 
 the law, nor generally .so thoroughly prepared 
 with authorities bearing u)ion his ca.se as some 
 of his cfilemporarics at the bar, but he was 
 familiar with legal principles and strong u])on 
 the merits of his cases, and speciallj' successful 
 ill the examinations of witnesses, never resort- 
 
 ing to abuse or harshness, but by his mild anil 
 gentle course often succeeding in drawing 
 from a hostile witness what others had failed 
 to elicit. I never heard him impute to the op- 
 posite party or to opposing counsel a dishonest 
 ]uirpose, nor make use of a harsh expression 
 under anj- ])rovocation; and this gentleness and 
 almost meekness of manner gave to both court 
 and jury full confidence in his integrity, and 
 made him a formidable opponent on the merits 
 of the case. The same qualities in private life 
 and the fact that ho never sought to ])romote 
 litigation, but rather to avoid it, justly gave 
 him the like favorable opinion of the ])ublic. 
 
 And finally, it may be truly said the more 
 inlimatel}' he was known the more highly 
 was he esteemed. I. P. Ciibisti.ancy. 
 
 .IICFFERSON <;AGE TfllKBKK 
 
 Was born in I'nit}-, New IIam](shire, in 1807. 
 He descended from a family actively engaged 
 in the Revolutionary War, and among the 
 pleasant reminiscences of his childhood were 
 the stories of war and adventure related around 
 the blazing fire by his grandfather and uncles, 
 the "chimney piece" adorned with the mus- 
 ket, powder-horn and sword that bad soon 
 rough service in their hands. His parents re- 
 moved to Western New York when he was an 
 infant, and settled on a farm. Mr. Thurber 
 received an academi<^al education at the then 
 celebrated ('anandaigua Academy. After grad- 
 uating he taught Latin and the higher mathe- 
 matics in the ))reparatory department, pursu- 
 ing his law studies at the same time. In 1833, 
 being admitted to the bar, he came with a 
 company ofj-ouiig men to Monroe, and opened 
 a law office on Washington street. Here ho 
 mot and soon married Mar^- Bartlett Gerrish, 
 of Boscawen, New Hampshire. He served as 
 prosecuting attorney for the county, and in 
 1830 was elected Judge of Probate. Judge 
 Thurber was State Senator from 1844 to 1847, 
 and presidential elector in 1849; State Hojire 
 .sontativc in 1851, wben he wascho.sen Sjieaker 
 of tlu^ House. He was a constant contributor 
 to Eastern and Western ))apersand magazines; 
 was interested in all educational subjects, and 
 one of the original stockholders and trustees 
 of the Young l^adios' Seminary of Monroe. 
 During lifeJudgeThiirborwas active and influ- 
 ential in the politics of the State, and a public- 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 spirited citizen. He died May 6, 1857, leaving 
 a widow and six children. The eldest son, 
 Doctor Edward G. Thurber, has for eighteen 
 years been pastor of Park Church, Syracuse, 
 New York, and this spring (1889) accepted the 
 pastorate of the American church in Paris, 
 where he now resides. The second son, Jeffer- 
 son M. Thurber, of the firm of Buhl Son8& Co., 
 J>eti'(iit, Michigan, and the third son, Ilenry T. 
 'riiiirher, a lawyer, residing in Detroit, consti- 
 tuting one of the firm of Dickinson & Thurber. 
 His daughters are Mrs. Talcott E. Wing, of 
 Monroe; Mi.ss Julia Thurber, and Mrs. Dr. 
 Dunlaj), of Syracuse, New York. 
 
 HON. DAVID ADDISON NOBLE, 
 
 Son of Deodatus Noble, was born in Williams- 
 town, Massachusetts, November 9, 1802, and 
 died in Monroe, Michigan, October 13, 1870, 
 aged seventy-three. He was fitted for college 
 in the school of Parson Moses Hallock in Plain- 
 field, Massachusetts, and entered Williams Col- 
 lege in 1821, from which institution he gradu- 
 ated with honors in 1825. In college he was a 
 good scholar, distinguished for accuracy- and 
 soundness rather than for fluent recitations 
 and showy acquisitions. In September, 1825, 
 ho entered the law office of Hermanns Blccker 
 in Albany, New York, remaining there until 
 the winter of 1820, when he went to Hudson, 
 New York, where he entered upon his literary 
 work as assistant editor of the Columbind. In 
 the following year he moved to New York, en- 
 tered the law office of Benjamin Clark, on 
 Franklin Square, at the same time gave lessons 
 in French in Bancell's Academy. He was a 
 fine Greek and Latin scholar, and during the 
 winter was engaged in correcting the publish- 
 er's proof-sheets for a Greek work. He subse- 
 (picntly opened a law office with David Logan 
 at No. 4 Pine street. He was in the practice 
 of his profession about two j-ears in New York, 
 and for a short time was in partnershi)) with 
 Hon. Charles O'Connor. 
 
 In 1831 he removed to Monroe, Michigan, 
 where he resided the remainder of his life. He 
 here opened a law office with Hon. Warner 
 Wing. He was an accomplished French 
 scholar, which was of great advantage to him 
 with the Fivnch jiopulation. It was as a 
 counseli>r that Mr. Noble was chiefly dis- 
 tinguisin-d, lii.s thoroughly disciplined mind, 
 liis habits of patient research and his superior 
 
 judgment peculiarly qualifying him to arrive 
 at correct legal conclusions. He was elected 
 recorder of the city in 1833, and while acting 
 in this capacity di-ew up the city charter. Was 
 twice elected alderman, and in 1842 mayor of 
 the city. In 1845 Mr. Noble was chosen to 
 rcpi'oscnt his county in the legislature, which 
 he did with ability and to the satisfaction of his 
 constituents. On November 10, 1840, Mr. 
 Noble secured Che charter of the Michigan 
 Southern Railroad. In 1847 he was appointed 
 a member of the Harbor and River Convention 
 at Chicago. Subsequently he was appointed 
 one of the committee of five to cany out the 
 wishes of the convention, at which time he 
 wrote a full statistical report of the commerce 
 of the lakes. In 1852 Mr. Noble was elected 
 to Congress from the Second District. In 1858 
 he was appointed manager of the Louisville, 
 Now Albany and Chicago Railroad, which po- 
 sition he held four years. 
 
 He married, July 10, 1832, Sai'ah Shaw, 
 daughter of Hon. Henr\- Shaw, of Lanosboro, 
 Massachusetts. The children of this marriage 
 were: Ilenry Shaw Noble, born Decem- 
 ber 10, 1838; married Delia Vrooman ; adoj)ted 
 the legal profession ; is at present the post- 
 master of Monroe. Laura Wheeler Noble was 
 born July 14, 1841 ; married Herbert Lee 
 Stoddard, a resident of this citj*. John Savage 
 Noble was born November 5, 1848 ; jnarried 
 Nellie Kendall, of Monroe ; a lawyer of prom- 
 ise, now residing in Brown Valley. He held 
 tiie oftice of jirosecuting attorney and is now 
 judge of pi'obate of the county. 
 
 HON. WARNKU WING. 
 
 Warner Wing was born in Marietta, Ohio, 
 Se]itcmber 19, 1S05 His father's name was 
 Enoch Wing and his mother's maiden name 
 was Mary Oliver. On his father's side he was 
 descended from one of the old New England 
 families. His father's grand father, John AVing, 
 was one of the two brothers of Welcii extrac- 
 tion, who came from England at a very earlj' 
 (lay, and with their families were among the 
 first settlers of New England. Judge Wing's 
 grandfather, also named John, settled in Con- 
 way, Mas.sachnsetts, where he had seven sons, 
 the names of some of whom were: Peter. 
 Isaiah, Ell, Enoch — ."good old Bible and 
 Pui-itan names," as Judge Wing noted on a 
 scrap uf ]iaper which he has left. His father. 
 
THE I!AR OF MONROK IN 1 837. 
 
 251 
 
 Kriiicl) Willi;, reiiiovi'il witli liis family to Mar- 
 ietta, Ohio, in 170t>, wlierc lie engaged in mer- 
 cantile and milling business until 1812, when 
 lie removed to Ontario county, New York. 
 'I'liere he died in 1840, leaving a family of 
 tliree sons — Austin K. Wing, Warner Wing, 
 and Rev. Conway P. Wing, 1). D., of Carlisle, 
 Pennsylvania, who died in Carlisle in Afaj', 
 1SS9, and two daughters, Mrs. Kliza Wing, 
 NiiMc, widow of the late Charles Noble, of 
 Hctroil, and Mrs. Electa Deane BulkUw, widow 
 of the late Solomon BulUley. 
 
 In 1S17, at the age of twelve years, Judge 
 Wing came to Detroit and remained some 
 years. About the year 1828 removed to Mon- 
 roe, where he continued to reside up to the time 
 of his death. lie attended a law school at 
 Nortlianipton, Mas.sachusetts, for a time, and 
 also studied in the office of Judge William 
 Woo<lbridge, of Detroit. As early as ISIiS he 
 was practicing law in partnership with Jlon. 
 I>avid A. Noble, in Monroe. He was elected 
 tip the State Senate and served in 1838 and 
 ls:'>0, where he is. spoken of bj' one of his life- 
 long associates as " one of the foremost of the 
 legislature." 
 
 Fn 1S4(I he entered into partncrshii) with 
 e.xtiovernor Ivobert McClelland, with whom 
 he practiced until lie went uyion the bench of 
 the Circuit Court in 1845 — the judges of the 
 ('ircuit Court constituting the Supremo ("ourt 
 of the Stale as then organized. In 1851 he 
 was elected Chief Justice, which position he 
 lifld until 185(1, when he resigned. After 
 ihistinu' lie acted as general counsel for the 
 LaUr Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad 
 up to the time of bis death, which occurred at 
 .Miiiiroe, March 12, ISTli. The funeral services 
 were held at the Presbyterian Church in Mon- 
 roe, of which ho was a member, (conducted by 
 the Doctors Mattoon, Putnam and IJoyd. The 
 (iiiieral was very largely attended by the bar 
 (if Monroe county, as well as members of the 
 bar of Lenawee, Hillsdale and Washtenaw 
 counties, also members of the bar from Detroit, 
 Cleveland and Toledo. 
 
 One of the most nolal)lc cases that came be- 
 fore Judge Wingju<licially was the trial of the 
 I'liig, intricate and exciting case gencrallj' 
 known as the conspiracy case (for the burning 
 of the Michigan Central depot). Speaking of 
 this case cx-(ioveriior McClelland .said: "The 
 jiatieiice. learning, skill and lourte.sy displayed 
 
 by him on this trial, and his chai-ge to the jury, 
 were commended by all," and Governor Mc- 
 Clelland further adds, " he was certain Ij- one 
 of the best and most upright judges that ever 
 sat upon the bench." 
 
 Judge Wing was married in 1831, by the 
 Uev. Mr. Warriner, to Miss Eliza A. Anderson, 
 daughter of Colonel Anderson, one of Monroe's 
 best known and honored citizens. There have 
 been born in this family ten children, of whom 
 live daughters and one son survive both 
 father and mother, Mrs. Wing having died 
 in December, 1854. The son, Anderson Wing, 
 was educated at the Michigan ITniversity ; was 
 admitted to practice at the bar of Monroe, but 
 died shortly after his admission. Ilis daughter 
 HIizabolh married (ieorge H. Dickinson, com- 
 mission merchant, now of Chicago. Ilis 
 daughter Helen married Mr. Hoardman, of 
 Chicago, and his daughter Belle married Mr. 
 George Lake, of Chicago. 
 
 When I first knew him, in 18H(), be was 
 jiraclicing law as one of the firm of Wing & 
 Noble, in the jjrinie of life, an unusuall}^ strik- 
 ing specimen of strong physical manhood, with 
 a well rounded muscular development and 
 rather more fleshy than the average of men, 
 j'ct no tendency to obesity, slightly over the 
 average height and very erect, a pleasant 
 face with regular features, bright and sjiarkling 
 eyes, and a light but ruddy complexion, so 
 ruddy in fact that those not well ac(|uaintc(I 
 with him sometimes suspected him of indulg- 
 ing free!}' in stimulants, which, as he was a 
 thoroughly temperate man, often annoyed him, 
 since, if nothing was said about it, he couhl 
 not volunteer to explain. These leading l)h3'si- 
 cal characteristics continued substantially the 
 same till they gradually yielded to age and 
 disease. His address was frank and manly but 
 s(U-ious, with strangers somewhat reserved and 
 dignified, an<l though pleasant not inviting 
 familiarity. His style of speaking when en- 
 gaged in business matters, or before a court, 
 was in short, jiilhy and simple setitences, 
 directly to the jioinl. 
 
 His strict and conscientious adhorence to 
 ab.solute tr«th I have never .seen excelled. It 
 maj' well be styled chivalrous. If a «(uestion 
 arose between him and another person as to the 
 facts of anj' transaction in which he had par- 
 ticipated, or a verbal understanding had been 
 hail with ojijiosite counsel in a cause, the par- 
 
252 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ticulavs of which he did not perfect!}- remem- 
 ber, ho generally yielded to the statement 
 m:id(^ by the other side ; and, no matter how 
 prejudicial the truth might be to his own in- 
 terests, ho never flinched, nor tried to e.xjilain 
 away or evade the full effects of his agreement. 
 
 Like most men of a nervo-.sanguincous tem- 
 perainent, his temper was sometimes hasty 
 and violent, but well aware of this, he gener- 
 ally kept so close guard over himself that the 
 public seldom suspected it. He was never vin- 
 dictive; and if he discovered that he had said 
 anything wrong or injurious of or to any man, 
 he availed himself of the first opportunity to 
 confess his fault. 
 
 As a lawyer, ho was scrupulnusl}- careful of 
 the interests of liis clients, indefatigable in the 
 examination of the law bearing upon his cases, 
 strictly orderly and systematic in tlic traiisac- 
 tiori of his business and in the keeping of his 
 papers, and always strong upon questions of law 
 belbre the court. But (though the public never 
 suspected it) he wasa very diffident and modest 
 men, and always distrusted his abilities to 
 make an extended argun\ent before a jury ; he 
 seemed to fear that he might make some mis- 
 take. He had not half the confidence in him- 
 self that the public had in him. He seldom 
 made a long or even a full argument before 
 a jury, and the real cause of this I always be- 
 lieved and still believe, was liis utter detesta- 
 tion of mere plausibilities, of the actual truth of 
 which he was not satisfied ; while others less 
 scrupulous often made a successful use of them 
 with the jury. But, as the public came to 
 understand his conscientiousness, juries paid 
 greater attention to his arguments ; and, upon 
 the whole, he was as successful before juries as 
 others who were less scrupulous. 
 
 In the examination of witnesses he was an 
 expert. With great keenness and shrewdness 
 he detected any discrepancy in their testimony. 
 And if an adverse witness had ventured upon 
 a fictitious tale, he was sure to be compelled to 
 expose himself before ho left the stand. 
 
 As a judge, or at the bar, he was strictly 
 consci(Mitious in the performance of his duties, 
 <ircums|)ect in his deportment, patient and 
 indelatigable in investigation, im])artial and 
 clear in his rulings and decisions, and courteous 
 and respectful to the bar. 
 
 Judge Wing, wliile at the bar and on the 
 bench, devoted himself exclusively to the duties 
 
 of those positions; and if he had any ability he 
 never displayed or exercised it, of improving 
 his finances aside from his professional or judi- 
 cial duties ; and, as he bad quite a large family, 
 never succeeded in accumulating more than a 
 fair supj)ort; and the consciousness of this 
 often wore upon his mind and sometimes rcn 
 dered him melancholy. 
 
 No analysis of the mental characteristics ol 
 Judge Wing would be complete without the 
 mention of another quality, which tho.sc who 
 only .saw him when engaged in serious work 
 might never discover or attribute to him. He 
 was a man of keen, readj' and brilliant wit, 
 and a genial humor which might almost be 
 called Shakespearian. These qualities, how- 
 ever, ho seldom indulged when engaged in 
 •serious affairs. But when oppressed by over- 
 work, or depressed by untoward events, or 
 gloomy prospects of the future, he needed re- 
 laxation to escape from such depression or 
 melancholy for a time, he, like Abraham I^in- 
 coln, and for like reasons, sought temporary 
 relief in the indulgence of wit and humor 
 among gonial companions. And, in this field, 
 he strongly resembled Lincoln. Neither ever 
 told a story without a sharj) point to it, which 
 struck the hearer like a flash of lightning, ex- 
 citing pleasure and amusement, but generally 
 containing a suggestion of ])i'actical wisdom. 
 But could the hearers have realized the mental 
 suffering which had led to the indulgence of 
 this wit and humor, their pleasure would have 
 been dashed with a tinge of sadness and sym- 
 pathj'. Had he and Mr. Lincoln mot when 
 both wore in a like vein, the}' would have be- 
 come warm friends for life. 
 
 I. P. CnaisTiANcv. 
 
 HARRY V. MAN 
 
 Was for inanj^ years a practitioner at the bar 
 and co-partner of the Hon. Jefferson (1. Thur- 
 ber; served a number of terms as the treasurer 
 of the county of Monroe, and soon after the 
 expiration of his last term removed West, and 
 has devoted his time to farming. During the 
 year 1887 sold his fixrm, and with his wife has 
 retired from active business life, and is spend- 
 ing the remainder of his daj's with his sons, 
 promising business men, at Davenport. Iowa. 
 For a man of eighty-tive, is very active and 
 enerijetic. 
 
CHAPTER XXI. 
 
 POPi:i,ATH)N or MICHIGAN TKKIMTOKY, 
 1S10-1,S34. 
 
 ISIO. 
 ISL'O. 
 
 .■l,r>L>,s I 
 
 1S3(). 
 I.SIM. 
 
 I'dlMl.A TloN OF MONROK COUNTY, ].s:i7-lS,Sl. 
 
 1>S:J7 10,011 
 
 KS40 !I,<)21.' 
 
 18-15 i;i,2.S7 
 
 KS50 1 t,(i!l>S 
 
 1854 1S,030 
 
 m\0 21,593 
 
 1804 22,'.'L'l 
 
 1870 27,475 
 
 1874 30,111 
 
 1880 33,024 
 
 1884 33,353 
 
 STATE SENATOKIAL Dl.STIUCT, 
 Asfxcd by the Act of 1881. 
 Fil'll) District, county of Monroe, ])Oinil;ition 
 1S8U, :«,(;24 ; 1884, 33,344. 
 
 STATE REPRESENTATIVE DISTRICT, 
 As per Act of 1881, County of Monroe. 
 
 KIHST DISTKKT. 
 
 Bcillord 1,835 1,847 
 
 Eiic 1,721 1,.">47 
 
 Mil -],.%',l 1,443 
 
 La.sselle -l,50<i l,47(i 
 
 Monroe.. 1,018 030 
 
 Snnnnerfieia 1,820 1,813 
 
 Wliileford 2.044 1,'JIO 
 
 City of Monroe 4,030 5,210 
 
 10,252 10,202 
 
 SECOND niSTRICT. 
 
 Ash 2,252 2,111 
 
 Berlin .2,246 1,957 
 
 Dundee 3,242 3,032 
 
 Exeter 1,822 1,077 
 
 Frenclitown 2,485 2,191 
 
 London 1,408 1,380 
 
 Milan 1,882 2,213 
 
 Raisinville 2,035 1,921 
 
 17,372 17,082 
 
 Total 33,024 
 
 33,354 
 
 TERRITORIAL DELEGATES TO CONGRESS. 
 
 Tfrms of S^^n'icc. 
 
 William Woodbridge lSlil-1820 
 
 Solomon Sibley 1820-182! 
 
 Solomon Sibley 1821-1823 
 
 Gabriel iRicbard 1823-1826 
 
 Trnna of Scrvicr. 
 
 Austin E. W'iui: , ...1825-1827 
 
 Austin E. Wing 1827-1829 
 
 John Biddle 1820-1831 
 
 Austin E. Wing 1831-1833 
 
 Lucius Lyon 1 833- 1 835 
 
 George W. Jones 18:}5-1837 
 
 George W. Jones was a delegate until Mich- 
 igan became a State, with lii.s residence in Wis- 
 consin, whicii was then a portion of the Tcri-i- 
 tory of Michigan. 
 
 CABINET OFFICERS FOR MICH Hi AN. 
 
 J.ewis Cass, Secretary of War, August 1, 1831. 
 
 Robert McClelland, Secrctar}- of Interior, 
 March, 1853. 
 
 Zachariah Chandler, Secretary of Interior. 
 October, 1875. 
 
 Lewis Cass, Secretary of State, Jlarch, 1857. 
 
 GOVERNORS OF THK NORTH WE.ST TERRI- 
 TORY. 
 
 General Arthur St. Clair, 1787, 18U0. 
 
 Winthrop Sargent, Secretary and Acting 
 Governor, 179G. 
 
 GOVERNORS OF MICIlUiAN TKKKI Tl iRY. 
 
 General William Hull, a]>|ii)intcd March 1, 
 1805. 
 
 General AVilliani Hull, a[ijnjinic(l .Vjiril 1, 
 1808. 
 
 General William Hull, ajipointcd January 
 12, 1811. 
 
 General Lewis Cass, appointed October 2!), 
 1813. 
 
 General Lewis Cass, appointed January 21, 
 1817. 
 
 William Woodbridgc, Secretary and Acting 
 Governor, a|)pointcd August 17, 1818. 
 
 General Lewis Cass, a])pointcd January 24, 
 1820. 
 
 William Wondhridge, Secretary and Acting 
 Governor, Au;,'ust 8, 1820; September IS, 1821. 
 
 General I,ewi« Cnss, appointed December 20. 
 1822. 
 
 [2533 
 
254 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Williiiin Wood bridge, Sfcrctury and Acting llobert McClelland, inaugurated January 5, 
 
 Governor, 8ej.tembcr\"J, 1823 ; May 28, 1825. 1853. 
 
 General Jjowis Ca.ss, apjiointed December 22, Andrew Parsons (Lieulenant-tTOvernor and 
 
 ],S25. Acting Governor), March 8, 1853. 
 
 William Woodbridge, Secretary and Acting Kinsley S. Bingbam, inaugurated January 
 
 Governor, August 31, 1820; Octobers, 1820; 3, 1855. 
 
 July 25, 1827. Kinsley S. Uingbam, inaugurated January 
 
 General Lewis Cass, ajipoinled December 24, 7, 1857. 
 
 ]S28. Moses Wisncr, inaugurated January 5, ISa'.l. 
 
 James Witlierell, Secretary and Acting Gov- Austin Blair, inaugurated January 2, 1861. 
 
 ernor, January 1, 1830, to April 2, 1830. Austin Blair, inaugurated January 7, 18(53. 
 
 General John T. Ma.son, Secretary and Act- Ueiiry H. Crapo, inaugurated January 4. 
 
 ing Governor, September 24, 1830, to October 18(15. 
 
 4, 1830 ; April 4. to May 27, 1831. Henry II. Crapo, inaugurated January 2,1867. 
 
 Stevens Thomson Mason, Secretary and Act- Henry P. Baldwin, inaugurated January 0, 
 
 ing Governor, August 1, 1831, to September 186t). 
 
 17, 1831. Henry P. Baldwin, inaugurated January 4, 
 
 George B. Porter, appointed August 6, 1831. 1871. 
 
 Stevens ThouLson Mason, Secretary and Act- John J.Bagley, inaugurated January 1, 1873. 
 
 ing Governor, October 30, 1831, to June 11, John J. Bagley, inaugurated January 6, 1875. 
 
 1832; May 23 to July 14, 1833 ; August 13 to Charles M. Croswell, inaugurated January 3, 
 
 August 28, 1833 ; September 5 to December 14, 1877. 
 
 1833; February 1 to February 7, 1834. Charles M. Croswell, inaugurated January 1, 
 
 Stevens Thomson Mason, ex officio Governor 187'J. 
 
 as Secretary of Territory, July 0, 1834. David II. Jerome, inaugurated January 1, 
 
 Charles Shaler, appointed August 29, 1S35. 1881. 
 
 John S. Horner, Secretary and Acting Gov- Josiah W. Begole, inaugurated January 1, 
 
 ernor, September 8, 1835. 1883. 
 
 „ „ ...^ Ilussell A. Alger, inaugurated January 1, 1885. 
 
 GOVERNORS OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN. ,, rr -, ■ , .t i,oo- 
 
 Cyrus G. Luce, inaugurated January 1, 188 <. 
 
 UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1835. ,-, „ , . . j r i 1 oo<^ 
 
 Cyrus G. Luce, inaugurated January 1, 1889. 
 Stevens Thomson Mason, inaugurated Novem- 
 ber 3, 1835. " UNITED STATES SENATORS.' 
 
 Stevens Thomson Mason, inaugurated Jan- Lucius Lyon .. 1836-40 
 
 uary 1, 1838. joh,i Norvell 1835-41 
 
 Edward Mundy (Lieutenant-Governor and Augustus S. Porter 1840-45 
 
 Acting Governor), April 13 to June 12, 1838; William Woodbridge 1841-47 
 
 Sejiteniber 19 to December it, 1838. Lewis Cass 1845-48 
 
 William Woodbridge, inaugurated January 7, Alpheus Felch 1847-53 
 
 1840. Thomas Fitzgerald 1848-49 
 
 James Wright Gordon (Lieutenant-Governor Lewis Cass .. 1849-57 
 
 and Acting Governor), February 24, 1841. Charles E. Stewart 1853-49 
 
 John S. Barry, inaugurated January 3, 1842. Zachariah Chandler. 1857-75 
 
 John S. Barry, inaugurated January 1, 1844. Kinsley S. Bingham 1869-61 
 
 Alpheus Felch, inaugurated January 5, 1846. j^cob M. Howard 1862-71 
 
 William L. Greenly (Lieutenant-Governor Thomas W. Ferry 1871-83 
 
 and Acting Governor), March 4, 1847. Isaac P. Christiancy 1875-79 
 
 Epaphroditus Ransom, inaiigurated January Zachariah Chandler 1879 
 
 ^' IS*^- Henry P. Baldwin 1879-81 
 
 Johns. Barry, inaugurated January 7, 1850, Qmar D. Conger.. 1881-87 
 
 UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF 1850. Thomas W, Palmev 1883-89 
 
 Robert McClelland, inaugurated January 1, F. B, Stockbridgc 1887-93 
 
 1862. James McMillen 1889-95 
 
STATISTICS. 
 
 Cong. 
 
 24. 
 
 28. 
 
 2'.t. 
 
 :ji. 
 
 :w. 
 
 M. 
 
 37. 
 
 38. 
 
 39. 
 
 40. 
 
 FNITKD ST.\TKS RKPRKSENTATIVES. 
 
 T,nm 0/ 
 
 I.saac E. Ciary 1835 37 
 
 Isaac K Crary 1837-3'J 
 
 Isaac K. Ciaiy 1839-41 
 
 Jacol) M. Howanl 1841-43 
 
 ( .lames 15. Hunt 1843-45 
 
 ] Lucius Lyon ... .1843-45 
 
 ( Itobci-t McCK'lland 1843-15 
 
 ' .lolin S. I'liiiirnau 184.'i-47 
 
 .^ Janus 1!. Hunt 1845-47 
 
 ( KolKi-t McCJIollan.l 1845-47 
 
 (' Kinsley S. J?iTi^rl,;im 1847-49 
 
 ' l{)berl McClelland 1847-49 
 
 (diaries E. Stewart... 1847-49 
 
 ( Kinsley S. Bitiirham 1849-51 
 
 J Alexander VV. Buel . .. 1849-51 
 
 I William Sjmiiiue 1849-51 
 
 James L. Conger 1851-53 
 
 ■ Ehenezer J. Pcnninian 1851-53 
 
 ( Charles E. Stewart 1851-53 
 
 I Samuel Clark 1853-55 
 
 > David A. Xoblc 1853-55 
 
 ] Hestor L. Stevens 1853-55 
 
 t David Stuart. 1853-55 
 
 f AVilliam A. Howard ..1855-57 
 
 : (ieorge W. Peck 1855-57 
 
 ] David S. Walbridge .1855-57 
 
 [Henry Waldron .". 18.55-57 
 
 f William A. Howard 1857-59 
 
 1 DeWitt C. Leach 1857-59 
 
 I David S. Walbridge 1857-59 
 
 [ Henry Waldron 1857-59 
 
 f George B. Cooper 1859-60 
 
 I William A. Howard ... .1860-61 
 
 ■{ Francis W. Kellogg 18.59-61 
 
 I DeWitt C. Leach." 1859-61 
 
 [Henry Waldron 1859-61 
 
 f Fernando C. Beaman 1861-63 
 
 J Bradley F. Granger 1861-63 
 
 1 Franci.s W. Kellogg 1861-63 
 
 [Eowland E. Trowbridge 1861-63 
 
 f Augustus C. Baldwin 1863-65 
 
 I Fernando C. Beuman 1863-65 
 
 j John F, Drigp 1863-65 
 
 I Francis W. Kellogg 1863-65 
 
 I John W. Longycar 1863-65 
 
 [Charles Upson 1863-65 
 
 f Fernando C. Bcanian 1865-67 
 
 I Job n F. Driggs 1865-67 
 
 I Thomas W. Ferry 1865-67 
 
 ] John W. Longycar 1865-67 
 
 Powland E. I'rowbridge 1865-67 
 
 [Charles Upson .^ 1865-67 
 
 f Fernando C. Beaman 1867-69 
 
 I Austin Blair 1867-69 
 
 J John F. Driggs 1807-69 
 
 ] Thomas W. Ferry 1867-69 
 
 Eowlaud E. Trowbridge 1867-69 
 
 [Charles Upson 1867-69 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 41. i 
 
 I 
 I 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 43. 
 
 44. 
 
 45. 
 
 46. 
 
 47. 
 
 Fernando ('. Beaman ...__.... IS(>9- 
 
 Ausliii Blair l.S(i'.t- 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1869- 
 
 Thomas W. Feri-y ]S(;9- 
 
 Williani L. Sloughtun IS(;9- 
 
 Kandolpli Strickland 1809- 
 
 Austin Blair 1871- 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1871- 
 
 Wiider D. Foster .. .1871- 
 
 William L. Stoughton 1871- 
 
 Jabez (J. Sutherland 1871- 
 
 Ilenry Waldron 1871- 
 
 .lusiah W. Uegole 
 
 Nathan B. Bradley 
 
 Julius ('. Burrows 
 
 Omar D. Conger 
 Moses W. Field . 
 
 Jay A. Hubbell 
 
 Hcrny Waldron .. 
 
 George Willard 
 
 William B. Williams 
 
 1873- 
 
 187.3- 
 
 1873- 
 
 ..-.187.;- 
 
 1.S73- 
 . .. 1873- 
 
 1873 
 
 ... 1873- 
 1873- 
 
 f Nathan B. Bradley 1875-77 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1875-77 
 
 (ieorge II. l>urand 1875-77 
 
 Jay A. Hubbell 1875-77 
 
 -| Allen Potter 1875-77 
 
 Henry Waldron 1875-77 
 
 George Willard 1875-77 
 
 Alpheus S. Williams.... 1875-77 
 
 [William B. Williams. 1875-77 
 
 f Mark S. Brewer 1877- 79 
 
 Omar D. Conger .....1877-79 
 
 Charles C. Ellsworth 1877-79 
 
 Jay A. Hubbell 1877-79 
 
 Edwin W. Keightlej' 1877-79 
 
 Jonas H. McGowan ..1877-79 
 
 John W. Stone 1877-79 
 
 Alpheus S. Williams 1877-79 
 
 Edwin Willits 1877-79 
 
 f Mark S. Brewer 1879-81 
 
 Julius C. Burrows 1879-81 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1879-81 
 
 lioswell G.IIorr 1879-81 
 
 Jay A. Hubbell 1879-81 
 
 Jonas H. McGowan 1879-81 
 
 John S. Newberry 1879-81 
 
 John W. Stone 1879-81 
 
 [Edwin Willits 1879-81 
 
 f Henry W. ]>ord 1881-83 
 
 Edwin Willits 1881-83 
 
 Edward S. Laccy .1881-83 
 
 Julius C. Burrows 1881-83 
 
 George M'. Webber 1 881 83 
 
 ■j Oliver L. Spaulding. 1881-83 
 
 Omar D. Conger 1881 
 
 John T. Rich 1881-83 
 
 Roswell G.IIorr 1881-83 
 
 [Jay A. Hubbell 1881-83 
 
2 0(5 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Cong. Tcrii's of 
 
 Srricc. 
 
 { William C. MaylHiry 1S,S3-.S5 
 
 I Niitiiaiiicl B. Eldridiic ISS^-Sf) 
 
 I Kdward S Jjacey . .1 LSS3-S5 
 
 (iuoru-c L. Yaplo.. ...1SS:!-S5 
 
 I .luliiis llouscmaii ISSo-S") 
 
 IS. .; Kdwiii B. Wiiuin.s .18sa-S5 
 
 Kzra C. Carlton ]SS:5-85 
 
 I Roswell G. Hon- 1 S83-S5 
 
 JJyroii M. CuUlicoii 18S8-S5 
 
 I Ilcrsc-hol II, Hatch ISSS-S') 
 
 [ Edward Brcituiig ISSH-SS 
 
 f William C. Maybiuy 1885-87 
 
 I Natlianiol B. Eldridgu 1885-87 
 
 I James O'Donuell /. 1885-87 
 
 I JuliiiH C Burrows 1885-87 
 
 I Charles C. Comstock _. 1885-87 
 
 ■l!l. -I Jidwin B. Winans 1885-87 
 
 I Ezra C.Carlton ._ 1885-87 
 
 I Timothy E. Tarsney 1885-87 
 
 Byron M. Ciitclieon 1885-87 
 
 I Si)cncerO. Fisher 1885-87 
 
 tSclh C. Moffatt .1885-87 
 
 f J. Logan Chipman, term expires 1889. 
 
 Edward P. Allen, term expires 1889. 
 I James O'Donncll, term expires 1889. 
 
 Julius C. Burrows, term expires 1889. 
 I Melbourne II. Ford, term expires 1889. 
 5(1. -J Mark S. Brewer, term expires 1889. 
 
 Justin K. Whiting, term expires 1889. 
 I Timothy E. Tarsney, term expires 1889. 
 
 Byron M. Cutcheon, term expires 1889. 
 I S|)encer O. Fisher, term expires 1889. 
 (^ Henr3' W. Seymour, term expires 1889. 
 f J. Logan Chipman, term expires 1891. 
 I Bdwai-d P. Allen, term expires 1891. 
 I James O'Donnell, term expires 1891. 
 
 Julius (!. Burrows, term expires 1891. 
 I Charles E. Belknap, term expires 1891. 
 51. •[ Mark S. Brewer, term expires 1891. 
 
 Justin II. Whiting, term expires 1891. 
 I Aaron T. Bliss, term expires 1891. 
 
 Byron M. Cutcheon, term expires 1891. 
 I Frank W. Wheeler, term expires 1891. 
 [^Sam'l M. Stephenson, term expires 1891. 
 
 TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURES, 1824-1835. 
 
 From the organization of the Territory in 
 1805 to 1824 the laws were framed by the Gov- 
 ernor and Judges. 
 
 First Legislative Council met at the council 
 house, Detroit, June 7, 1824, adjourned August 
 5, 1824. Second session held at sanie place, 
 January 17, 1825, adjourned April 21, 1825. 
 Abraham Edwards, President; John P.Shel- 
 don, Secretarj' ; George A. O'Koeffe, Secretary; 
 Edmund A. Brush, Secretary ; Morris Jackson, 
 Sergeant-at-Arras. Representatives from Mon- 
 roe county, Hubert Lacrolx, Prenrhtnwn ; WoU 
 cott Luwi'cuco, Monroe. 
 
 Second Ijcgislature — First session met No- 
 vember 2, 1820, adjourned December 30; second 
 session met January 1, 1827, adjourned Ajnil 
 12. Abraham Edwards, President ; J. P. Shel 
 don, E. A. Brush, liandall S. Rice, Clerks; 
 William Meldrum, Sergeant-at-Arms. Repre- 
 sentatives of Monroe county, Hubert Lacroi.x, 
 Frenchtown ; Laurent Durocher, Freuchtown. 
 
 Third Legislature — First session convened 
 Ma3' 5,1828, adjourned July 3; second session 
 convened September 7, 1829, adjourned Novem- 
 ber 5. Abraham Edwards, President; John P. 
 Sheldon, Samuel Satterlee, Seneca Allen, Clerks; 
 William Meldrum, Sergeant-at-Arms. Repre- 
 sentatives from Monroe county, Laurent 
 Durocher, Frenchtown; Charles Noble, French- 
 town ; Wolcott Lawrence, Monroe. 
 
 Fourth Legislature — First session met Maj* 
 11,1830, adjourned July 31, 1830; second ses- 
 sion met January 4, 1831, adjourned March 4, 
 
 1831. Abraham Edwards, President ; Edmund 
 A. Brush, Secretary; William Meldrum, Ser- 
 geant-at-Arms. Representatives from Monroe 
 county, Wolcott Lawrence, Monroe; Laurent 
 Durocher, Frenchtown. 
 
 Fifth Legislature — First session met May 1, 
 
 1832, adjourned June 29, 1832; second session , 
 met January 1, 1833, adjourned Aj)ril 23, 1833. 
 John McDonell, Pi-esident; Edmund A. Brush, 
 Secretary; James T. Allen, Sergeant-at-Arms. 
 Representatives from Mpnroe county, Daniel S. 
 Bacon, Monroe; Laurent Durocher, French- 
 town. 
 
 Sixth Legislature — First session convened 
 January 7, 1834, adjourned March 7, 1834; 
 extra session met September 1, 1834, and ad- 
 journed September 8, 1834; adjourned session 
 met November 11,1834, adjourned December 
 31, 1834; second regular annual session con- 
 vened January 12, 1835, adjourned March 28, 
 1835; special session met August 17, 1835, ad- 
 journed August 25, 1835. John McDonell, 
 President; John Norvell, Secretary; ElishaL. 
 Atkins, Sergeant-at-arms. Charles W. Whip- 
 ple succeeded Mr. Norvell at second session. 
 Morgan Lewis Martin elected President of the 
 second annual session. Representatives from 
 Monroe county, Daniel S. Bacon, Monroe; 
 Laurent Durocher, Frenchtown. 
 
 Senators and Representatives under State 
 Government assembled at Detroit, November 
 3, 1835, and Monroe county was represented 
 for that year and subseqviont yours us follows i 
 
MEMnKKS OF TIIK I.KGISLATU KP:. 1835-18S9. 
 
 IsPjS — Soiiatoi>, Fiaiircnl l>iirmliLT, I'Mward 
 |i KIIIh; Kc'presciilalivx's. Al|)iu'iis l-'okli, 
 James J. (.lodfroy. 
 
 1S37 — Scnalors, Ijauroiil Duroclier, Hdwai-il 
 l>. Ellis; Kcjjrcsciilaiivos, Aii>licu.s I^'olcli, 
 Tliiimas Farriiiglon. 
 
 1,S3S — Soiiators, Norman D. Ciirli.s, Warner 
 Wing; lii']iri'.seiilativc's, Fi-amis Cliartcr. itob I 
 M. ("Id land. 
 
 183'J — .Scnak>i>, Norman I>. Ciii'lis, Warnor 
 Wing; l{c])rcscnlativc.s, Danii'i S. ]5afon, Lau- 
 rent l>ur()eiicr. 
 
 l84(t — Senator, Seba Murjiliy; Ke]iresenta- 
 livcM, Nelson Dunham, l>obci-t McClelland. 
 
 1S41 — .Senator, .Seba Murpliy; Kepresenta 
 lives, Levi S. Hmnpbrey, Homy .Smith. 
 
 1842 — Senator, John Bui'cii ; Re|)reNcntativcs, 
 •Levis. Jliimplire^-, Austin 10. Wing. 
 
 1843 — .Senator, .Jolin Hurch ; Ueiiresentatives, 
 Itobert McClelland (.S](caker), George Young- 
 love. 
 
 1844 — Senator, .Icffei'son G. Tliui-ber; Ueii- 
 resentatives, Nelson Dunham, llirani Stone. 
 
 184.T — Senator, Jert'er.son G. Thurbcr; l\e]i- 
 resentatives, Hiram Stone, Henry Mason. 
 
 1846 — Senator, .Jeflerson G. Tiiurher; Iicp- 
 resentatives, Nelscni J)unham, David A. .\oblc. 
 
 1847 — Senatoi', .Icflerson G. Thurber; Ifep- 
 resentatives, Alexander M. Arzeno, Jjcwis 
 Darrah, David A. Noble. 
 
 By an act of the legislature ajijiroved March 
 It!, 1847, the seat of government of the State 
 was removed from Detroit to Lansing. 
 
 1.848— .Senator, Nelson Dunham; IJcprcscn- 
 tatives, James Muliioilcn, James L JJusseli, 
 Hiram Stone. 
 
 1849 — Senator, Nelson Dunham ; Represen- 
 tatives, Edward G. Morton, Junius Tilden, 
 .Samuel Mulhollen. 
 
 1850 — Senator, Isaac P. Christiancy; Eeprc- 
 sontativcs, Norman Barnes, John B. King, Ed- 
 ward G. Morton. 
 
 1851 — Senatoi', Lsaac P. Christiancy; Eepre- 
 sentatives, Patrick Corrigan.JofFer.son G. Thur- 
 bcr (Speaker), Eleazer Barnes. 
 
 UNDER NEW AI'PORTION.MENT. 
 
 18.52 and 18.5.3— Senator, Alexander M. 
 Arzeno; Representatives, Alfred G. Bates, 
 Edward G. Morton. 
 
 1855 — Senator, Wm. H. Montgomery; Repre- 
 sentatives, Charles T. Cady, George Kirkland. 
 
 1857 — Senator, Lewis Welch ; Representa- 
 tives, William Buubar, Samuel Mulhollen. 
 
 l,S5y— Senator, Lewis Wehh ; llepresenla 
 lives, William Dunbar, .Samuel MulholKn. 
 
 l.SG I— Senator, Samuel .Mulhollen; Kepn 
 scntativcs, Emer.son Choate, George I'eter.^. 
 
 ]S(;3— Senator, William Corbin; Kepresen 
 lalives, John G. Hood, Andrew J. Hecney, 
 Edward G. Morton. 
 
 lS(;5_Senator, Nathan Langdon ; Represen- 
 tatives, Victor Dusscau, LdwanI G. Morton, 
 Charles W. Pitts. 
 
 18(17 — Senator, George Peters; Representa- 
 tives, Charles G. Mallett, John J. Stevens, Joel 
 J. Dusscau. 
 
 lS);'.t-Seiiator, Kdward (i. Morton; Rejirc- 
 sentatives, Victor A. Dusscau, Henry A. .Nor 
 ton, Joseph Weier. 
 
 1871 — Senatoi, Edward (i.JIorton; Repre- 
 sentatives, Patrick Gorman, Ira l\. (irosvenoi-, 
 John J. .Sumner. 
 
 1873 — Senator, John .1. .Sumner; Kein-esenla- 
 tives, Henry B. Welch, Christian Ilerlzler. 
 
 1875 — Senator, Hemaii J. ivedlield; Itcprescn- 
 tativcs. Christian Hertzler, Dyckcs McLaciiliii. 
 
 1877 — Senator, Heman J. Red field ; Rc]ire- 
 scntativcs, Luciaii B. Miller, Jose])h L. Valade. 
 
 187!) -Senator, Harry A. Conant; Re|>rescn- 
 tativcs, Lucian Miller, John Strong, Jr. 
 
 1881 — Senator, John .Strong, Jr.; Kerescnla- 
 lives, John C. Eckerman, Walter Hackct. 
 
 1883 — Senator, John Strong, Jr. : Represen- 
 tatives, William A. French, Burton Parker. 
 
 1885 — Senator, Christian Hertzler ; Repre- 
 sentatives, Seward Baker, Addison E. Dunbar. 
 
 ]887— Senator of District, James S. Gorman, 
 of Washtenaw count}', which by new apportion- 
 ment was included with Monroe county; Repre- 
 sentatives, Seward Baker, Addison E. Dunbar. 
 
 1889 — .Senator of District, James S. Gorman, 
 of Washtenaw count}', which by ncwapporlion- 
 ment was included with Monroe county; Repre- 
 sentatives, .Samuel P. Jackson, Charles Angcrer. 
 
 POSTMASTERS AT MONROE. 
 
 John C. Cox (Est.), appointed Nov. 27, 1822. 
 Chas. Noble, appointed July 24, 1824. 
 Lambert Conchois, appointed A|iril 10, 1828. 
 Lyman M. .Stewart, appointed June 23, 1832. 
 Jas. Q Adams, appointed November 1, 1834. 
 J. G. Godfroy, appointed Januar}- 31, 1838. 
 Jo.scph C. Cole, appointed September 13, 1841. 
 John I. Wendell, api)ointed June 25, 1845. 
 Waller P. Clark, appointed November 4, 1847. 
 Joseph C. Cole, appointed Seplcuiber 25, 1850, 
 
'258 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Fiiwcy M. WiiiaiiB. :i|>i>oiiitcd February 215, 
 1854. 
 
 Kdwiii Willils, appoiiiU'd December 16, 1802. 
 
 George S])al(ling, appointed July 27, 1866. 
 
 Milo D. llainiltoi), a])i)ointcd December 15, 
 1870. 
 
 Win. A. Noble, ai)pointed December 18, 1874. 
 
 Otis A. Criteliett, appointed March 1, 1883. 
 
 Henry S, Noble, appointed February 22, 1887. 
 
 MONROE CITY OFFICERS. 
 
 1837 — Maj-or, George B. Harleston ; recorder, 
 Warner Wing ; .solicitor, Alpbeus Felcli ; clerk, 
 (."arlo.s Colton ; surveyor, Nathan Hubble; 
 marshal, Jacob W. Alexander. Aldermen: 
 First ward, Noi-nian D. Curtis; second ward, 
 lioberl McClelland, Harry V. Man ; third ward, 
 Walter P. Clark ; fourth ward, Warren Stod- 
 dard ; fifth ward, James J. Godfroy. Street 
 commissioners: First ward, Luther Harvey ; 
 second ward, Benjamin F. Southwick ; third 
 ward, Chester Stuart; fourth ward, Andrew 
 Weir; fifth ward, Antoine Nadeau. 
 
 1838 — Mayor, James (^. Adams ; treasurer, 
 Peter P. Ferry; collector, llod(;lphus Nims; 
 recorder, David A. Noble ; marshal, Benjamin 
 W. Latham; surveyor, Nathan Hubble ; solic- 
 itor, Franklin Johnson. Aldermen : First 
 ward, Julius D. Morton ; second ward, Nathan 
 Hubble; third ward. Smith Stuart; fourth ward, 
 John Bush; fifth ward, Jamc.i J. Godfroy. 
 A.sscssors : First ward, George Fish : second 
 ward, Eobert G. Clark; third ward, George W. 
 Strong; fourth ward, Thomas Clark- ; iifth 
 ward, Ezekiel A. Peltier. 
 
 1839 — Mayor, Dan. B. Miller; treasurer, 
 Peter P. Ferry; collector, Rodoli)hus Nims; 
 recorder, David A. Noble; solicitor, Nathaniel 
 S. Howe ; clerk, Carlos Colton; marshal, Theroii 
 Taylor, Aldermen : First ward, Julius D. 
 Morton; second ward, Obadiah Spalding; third 
 ward, Walter P. Clark ; fourth ward, Muuson 
 Hurd ; fifth ward, James J. Godfroy. Assessors : 
 First ward, Benjamin W. Bevier; second ward, 
 Josiah W. Alexander; third ward, John Pax- 
 ton; fourth ward, Sizer Stoddard ; fifth ward, 
 Ezekiel A. Pelton. 
 
 1840— Mayor, Dan. B. Miller; treasurer, 
 Peter P.Ferry; collector, Timothy Hawley ; 
 recorder, Franklin Johnigon ; clerk, Allen A. 
 Eabinoau; marshal, John W.Anderson; sur- 
 veyor, Nathan Hubble ; solicitor, C, H. Van- 
 cleve. Aldermen: First ward, E. G. Brigham; 
 
 second ward, Uari-y Conant ; third ward, 
 George Clancy ; fourth ward, John Andei-son ; 
 fifth ward, Ezekiel A. Peltier. Assessors: First 
 ward, Issachar Frost; second ward, Nathan 
 Hubble; third ward, Smith Stuart; fourth 
 ward, Dan. S. Bacon ; fifth ward, James J. 
 Godfroy. Street commissioners : First dis- 
 trict, N. D. Curtis; second district, J. B. Bez- 
 zoau. 
 
 1841 — Mayor, Robert McClelland ; treasurer, 
 Walter W. Prentiss ; collector, Timothy Haw- 
 ley ; recorder, Abncr Morton ; clerk, Allen A. 
 liabincau ; marshal, Jacob W. Alexander ; 
 surveyor, Titus Babcock ; solicitor, Aljiheus 
 Felch. Aldermen: First ward, E. G. Brigham ; 
 second ward, Loomis Palmer; third ward, 
 (ieorge Clancy; fourth ward, Daniel S. Bacon; 
 fifth ward, Medard Couture. Assessors: First 
 ward, Ambrose Beach ; second ward, Josiah W. 
 Alexander; third ward, John Paxton ; fourth 
 ward, Daniel S Bacon ; fifth wai-d, Charles M. 
 Hunijihrey. Street commissioners : First ward, 
 James Murphy ; second ward, Jose])h Lorangcr, 
 jr.; third ward, Blisha Brigham ; fourth ward, 
 Podolphus Nims; fifth ward, Sylvester God- 
 froy. 
 
 1S42- Mayor, Walter P. Clark; treasurer, 
 Walter W. Prentiss ; marshal and collector, 
 Timothy Hawley; clerk, J. B, Whipple; solic- 
 itor, Hiram Stone ; surveyor, Nathan Hubble. 
 Aldermen: First ward, Samuel Crcelman ; 
 second ward, Josiah W. Alexander ; third ward, 
 James McBride; fourth ward, Henry Smith ; 
 fifth ward, Ezekiel A. Peltier. 
 
 1843 — Mayor, James J. Godfroy ; treasurer, 
 Walter W. Prentiss ; marshal and collector, 
 Timothy H, Hawley; solicitor, Charles W, Ford; 
 recorder, Henry Smith ; surveyor, Nathan 
 Hubble; clerk, James B. Whipple. Aldermen: 
 First ward, Samuel Crcelman ; second ward, 
 Obadiah Spalding; third ward, James McBride ; 
 fourth ward, Alexander D. Anderson ; fifth 
 ward, Medard Couture. 
 
 1844— Mayor, Levi S. Humphi'ey; treasurer, 
 Walter P. Clark; marshal, Jarvis Eldred ; 
 recorder, David A. Noble ; solicitor, Isaac P. 
 Christiancy ; surveyor, Titus Babcock ; clerk, 
 James B. Whipple, Aldermen: First ward, 
 John Mulhollen ; second ward, Obadiah Spald- 
 ing; third ward, James McBride; foui-th ward, 
 John W, Miller; fifth ward, Medard Couture, 
 
 1845 — Ma3'or, James J, Godfroy; treasui-er, 
 John Burch ; marshal, Jarvis Eldred; clerk, 
 
MONROE CITY OFFICERS. 
 
 2.'>9 
 
 James B. Wliiiijile ; solii-ilor, Ini It. GruNVciior ; 
 rocorilcr, Ahiior Morion ; .surveyor, Titus liab- 
 c'ock. Alilcriiicii : Fir.sl wjinl, James E. Skin- 
 ner ; liilnl ward, John I'axlon ; fourlli ward, 
 O.scar Stoddard ; tiftli ward, Ciiarlcs M. 
 Ilumplircy. 
 
 ISU! — Mayor, llenrj' Snutli ; treasurer, Jolin 
 iiui-eli ; eolieclor and marslial, Jarvis Eidred ; 
 cleriv, James ]}. Whipple; recorder, Henry V. 
 .Man; solicitor, Ira R. (irosvcnor ; surveyor, 
 Titus HalicocU. Aldornien : First ward, Wed- 
 worth Wadsworlh ; seiond ward, Isaac Lewis; 
 third ward, (ieorj^e W. Stroii;^; i'ourlh ward, 
 Alexander D. Andcr.son; fillh ward, ^ledard 
 Couture. 
 
 1847 — Mayor, Samuel J. llolle^- ; troasui'cr, 
 John IJurch ; marshal and collector, Jarvis 
 FIdrcd; clerk, J. B. Whii)ple; recorder, JIarry 
 V . Man ; solicitor, Fi-ankliu Johnson ; surveyor, 
 Tiuis Habcock. Aldermen: First ward, Isaac 
 Mel-rill ; second ward, Isaac Lewis ; third ward, 
 l.udior II. Barnes; fourth ward, Alexander I). 
 .\iiderson; fifli\ ward. Medard Couture. 
 
 IS IS — Mayor, Harry V. Man; treasurer, 
 Daniel S. Bacon; marshal and collector, Jarvis 
 Kldred ; ju.sticc of the peace, Clias. W. Ford; 
 school inspector, Winfield Smith ; clerk, J. B. 
 \Viiip]>le. A.sses.sors : First wai-d, N. 1). Curtis ; 
 second ward, Henry D. Walbridge; third ward, 
 John Btirch. Ahlcrmen : First ward, Isaac P. 
 (Jhristiancy, Eidridgc G. Brigham ; second 
 ward, Isaac Lewis, Lutlu'r H. Barnes; third 
 ward, Xorman E. Haskell, Talcott E. Wing. 
 
 1840 — Mayor, James Armitage ; treasurer, 
 Wedworth VV. Clark; marshal and collector, 
 Jarvis Eidred ; justice of the ])cacc, Charles W. 
 Ford ; school insi)CCtor, Franklin Johnson; clerk, 
 J, B. Whipple ; contractor for dredging canal, 
 Harvey W. Campbell. Assessors: First ward, 
 Norman D. Curtis; second ward, Henry V. 
 Disbrovv ; third ward, Thomas Clark. Alder, 
 men : First ward, Walter W. Prentiss, Chester 
 Stuart; second ward, Carlos Colton, pjdward 
 Crump ; third ward, Warren .Stoddard, Win. 11. 
 Voclcy. 
 
 1850 — Mayor, John Burch ; recorder, David 
 A. Xoble ; treasurer, Jas. E. Skinner; clerk, 
 John B. Whipple ; justice of the peace, Laurent 
 Durocher; school inspector, Ephraim Baldwin. 
 Assessors; First ward, E. G. Brigham ; second 
 ward, N. N. Kendall; third ward, Ira R. Gros- 
 vcnor. Aldermen : First Ward, Walter P. 
 Clark, Walter W. Prentiss; second ward, 
 
 James McBride, Alexander Kagan , third ward, 
 llodolphus Nims, Win. R. Nowlen. 
 
 1S51 — Mayor, Kdward G. Morton ; recorder, 
 Gershom T. Bulkloy; treasurer, James F. Skin- 
 ner ; marshal and collector, Jarvis Eidred; 
 ju.sticc of the peace, Alex. D. Anderson ; school 
 inspector, Franklin Johnson ; clerk, John B. 
 Whipple. Aldermen: First ward, Walter W. 
 Preuti.ss, Lcandcr Kibbe; .second ward, Joseph 
 Shouj), Jesse Consor ; third ward, Waller K. 
 Nowlen, Thomas Clark. Asscs.sors : First 
 ward, E. G.Biigliam; second ward, Alexander 
 Kagan; third ward, Ira R. (irosvcnor. 
 
 1852— Mayor, David A. Noble; recorder, 
 Franklin Johnson ; tre;isurer, James E. Skin- 
 ner; marshal and collector, Jarvis Eidred; 
 justice of the peace, Francis Wurtzsmilh ; clerk, 
 J.B.Whipple. Aldermen: First ward, Ben- 
 jamin Hansard, A. L. Aldrich; second ward, 
 Michael Fishburn, William Gilmore; third 
 ward, Thomas Clark, Wm. U. Nowlen. Asses. 
 sors: First ward, Nathan Hubble; second 
 ward, George W. Strong; third ward, Ira IJ. 
 (irosvcnor. 
 
 185;^ — Mayor, Silas R. Arnold; recorder, 
 Jetferson (i. Thurbcr; treasurer, James E. 
 Skinner; marshal and collector, FIdridge (i. 
 Brigham ; justices of the iieace, Walter P. Clark, 
 Laurent Durocher; school inspector, John 
 Burch ; clerk, J. B. Whipple. Aldermen: First 
 ward, A. L. Aldrich, Cassimer Waldorf; second 
 ward, Jacob VanWormer, Frederick Waldorf; 
 third ward, Thomas Clark, (ieo. R. Mandavell. 
 Assessors : First ward, John M. Oliver ; .second 
 ward, Geo. W. Strong ; third ward, Ira R. 
 Grosveuor. 
 
 1854 -Mayor, Walter W. Prentiss; recorder, 
 Junius Tilden ; treasurer, James E Skinner; 
 marshal and collector, Frederick C. Godfroy ; 
 justice of the peace, Luman Stevens; school 
 inspector, Jacob VanWormer. Aldermen: 
 First ward, Ca.ssimer Waldorf, Addison L. 
 Aldrich ; second ward, Frederick Waldorf, 
 John W. Little ; third ward, George Mandavell, 
 Daniel P. Newell. Assessors: First ward, 
 E. G. Brigham: second ward, Geo. W. Strong; 
 third ward, John Burch. 
 
 1855— Mayor, George W. Strong ; marshal. 
 John Mulhollen ; solicitor, Isaac P. Christiancy; 
 surveyor, Nathan Hubble; clerk, James B. 
 Whipple; recorder, Jefferson G. Thurber; 
 treasurer, James E. Skinner; assessors, Cass- 
 imer Waldorf, John Stevens. Aldermen: First 
 
260 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 wurd, Joseph M SU'i-ling-, Ciissiiiier Waldorf; 
 second ward, John J. Stevens, Kichard Gil- 
 niorc; third ward, Geo. Jv. Maiidavell, Matthew 
 Gibson, t'oiiectors: First ward, A. L. Ald- 
 rieh ; seuoiid ward, Joiin W. Little; third ward, 
 I'hili]) Nadoaii. Street commissioners : First 
 ward.Joim Heritage; second ward, John Tuil ; 
 third ward, Kodolphus Nims. 
 
 185(j — Mayor, EldridgeG. Brigham; recorder, 
 W. \V. Prentiss; treasurer, James R. SUinner ; 
 justice of tlie ]ieuce, Medard Couture; school 
 inspector, 11. P. Vroonian ; street commissioner, 
 James Murphy. Aldermen: First ward, Gass- 
 imer Waldoi-f; second ward, Jas. G. McKride; 
 tiiird ward, Benjamin Dan.sard. A.ssessors : 
 Fii-st ward, Junius Tilden ; second ward, 
 Frazey M. VVinans; tiiird ward, Talcott E. 
 Wing Collectors: First ward, A. L. Ald- 
 I'ich ; second ward, Thomas Doyle ; third ward, 
 Philip Nadeau. 
 
 1857— Mayor, Fredericlc Waldorf; recorder, 
 Ira R. Grosvenor ; treasurer, James PI Skinner ; 
 justice of the peace, Walter W. Prentiss; school 
 inspector, Luman II. Stevens. Asscs.sors: 
 First ward, J unius Tilden; second ward, Gouv'r 
 Morris; third ward, Wm. H. Wells. Alder- 
 men: First ward, Joseph M.Sterling; second 
 ward, Luther Bisbee ; third ward, Eliab II. 
 Ile>nolds. Collectors: First ward, A. L. Aid- 
 rich ; second ward, Alonzo Strong ; third ward, 
 Philip Nadeau. Street commissioners: First 
 ward, James Murphy ; second ward, Henry 
 Shoviii ; third ward, Rodolplms Nims. 
 
 1858 — Mayor, Frederick Waldorf; i-ccorder, 
 Luman H. Stevens; treasurer, James E. Skin- 
 ner; justice of the peace, Laurent Duroclier ; 
 school inspector, Edward G. Thiirber. Asses- 
 sors: First ward, Junius Tilden ; .second ward, 
 F. M. Winans ; third ward, John Bureh. Alder- 
 men : First ward, Leander Kibbe; second 
 ward, James McBridc ; third ward, Oscar Stod- 
 dai'd. Collectors : First ward. Christian F. 
 Beck; second ward, John P. Schluter; third 
 ward, Philip Nadeau. Street commissioners; 
 First ward, George Lindsley; second ward, 
 Francis Ducio; third ward, Hillary Lcmerand. 
 
 1850 — Mayor, Frederick Waldorf; recordei', 
 Frazey M. Winans; treasurer, Eldridge G. 
 Brigham ; justice of the peace, Gouv'r Morris ; 
 school ins]iector, Junius Tilden. Assessors: 
 First ward, Junius Tilden ; second ward, John 
 W. Little; third ward, Thomas Clai-k. Colleo- 
 tors; First ward, Christiau F. Beck; second 
 
 ward, Wra. E. Brouson ; third ward, Wm. E. 
 Bronson. Aldermen: First ward, Jacob Cook ; 
 second ward, Louis Ijafontain ; third ward, 
 Daniel P. Newell. Street commissioners: 
 First ward, Daraian Brilhnan ; second ward, 
 Henry Shovin ; third ward, Matthew Gibson. 
 
 18ti0 — Mayor, liodcrick O'Connor ; recorder, 
 John 11. llauch ; treasurer, Jo.sejih Weier ; 
 justice of the peace, John G. Bother; school 
 inspector, Charles South worth. Assessors: 
 First ward, Junius Tildon ; second ward, John 
 J. Stephens ; third ward, Talcott E. Wing. 
 Aldermen: First ward, Moses Nadeau ; .second 
 Noel Vincent; third ward, Frederick C. God- 
 froy. Collectors: First ward, Charles Kirch- 
 gessncr; second ward, John Paxton ; third ward, 
 Peter Beitzcl. 
 
 18G1 —Mayor, Koderick O'Connor; recorder, 
 Alexander D. Anderson ; treasurer, Joseph 
 Weier; justice of the peace, Walter W. Prenti.*s; 
 school inspector, A. M. Bose. Assessors: First 
 ward, Stephen G. Clark ; second ward, Joliii J. 
 Stevens ; third ward, Talcott E. Wing. Alder- 
 men : P^irst ward, A. L. Aldrich ; second war<l, 
 A. T. Eisenman ; third ward, Oscar Stoddard. 
 Collectors: First ward. Job C. Eaton ; second 
 ward, John P. Schluter; third ward, Leander 
 Shovin. 
 
 18(52 — Mayor, Josej)h M. Sterling ; recorder, 
 Frederick C. GoJfroy; treasurer, Edward G. 
 Morton ; justice of the peace, Alexander D. 
 Anderson ; school inspector, Charles Toll. 
 A.ssessors: First ward, Stephen G. Clark; 
 second ward, James Phelun ; third ward, 
 Talcott E. Wing. Aldermen. First ward, 
 Joseph Weier; second ward, Alanson Wilson; 
 third ward, Joseph Dansard. Collectors: First 
 ward, Henry Heck; second ward, Lewis Crow- 
 der; third ward, John Davis. 
 
 18G3 — Mayor, Joseph M. Sterling; recorder, 
 Frederick Waldorf; treasurer, Benjamin Dan- 
 sard ; school inspector, Charles Toll ; justice of 
 the peace, Frazey M. Winans. Aldermen: 
 First ward, Thomas Norman ; second ward, 
 Jacob 'VanWormer; third ward, Michael Cas- 
 sady. Assessors: First ward, Eldridge G. Brig- 
 ham ; second ward, Michael Phelan ; third ward, 
 Talcott E. Wing. Collectors : First ward. 
 Christian Eisenman ; second ward, Lewis Crow- 
 der; thii'd wai'd. John Davis. 
 
 1864— Maj-or. Silas R. Arnold ; recorder. 
 Chnrle.s Toll ; treasurer. William Stcrnes; school 
 inspector, M, J, 'Vincent; justice of the pcacC) 
 
MONROE CITY OFFICERS. 
 
 2r,i 
 
 .liiliii 15iireli. Aliieniu'ii ; I'irst ward, .loh ('. 
 IvUon ; soooiid ward, licwis l.alonlaiii ; lliii-il 
 ward, Pliilip Weiulcll. Assessors: First ward. 
 Ste|tlicii (i. Clai-k ; second ward, Miclial Pliclan; 
 lliird ward, .loliii Davis. Collectors: First 
 ward. .Toil n Sciii-iber; second ward. George T. 
 Beiinolt; third wai'd. I^eandcr Siiovin. 
 
 1S(!5 — Mayor. Silas 11. Arnold ; recorder. 
 Ivlward (i. Morton ; ti-easurer. Taleott R. Wing: 
 sciionl inspector, Charles Toll ; justice of the 
 ]>eaee, A. E. Aldrieh. Aldermen : First ward. 
 .\ngustus (Jirshlce ; second ward. Jacob Van- 
 Wiirniei-; third wai'd, ("harles Toil. Assessors: 
 I'irst wai'd, Charles Kirchgessner ; second wanl, 
 Mi<hai'l I'helan ; third ward, John Davis. Col- 
 lector: First ward, Michael Digert ; second 
 ward, licwis Ci'owder; third wai'd. Patrick 
 Golden. 
 
 IStiO — Mayor. Frederick Waldorf; recorder, 
 Isaac Lewis ; ti-easiirer. Taleott E. Wing : Justice 
 ol' the peace, Lewis Darrah ; school inspectoi', 
 G<:)uv'r Morris. Aldermen: First ward. John 
 Walil ; second ward. Alanson Wilson ; third 
 w.-ird, Oscar Stoddard. A.s.sessors : First ward, 
 ( 'harles Kirchgessner; second ward. Michael 
 I'lielan ; lhir<l ward. John Davis. Collectors: 
 Fii'st wanl. .Michael Digert ; second ward. Lewis 
 Crowdcr; third ward. Moses Robert, jr. 
 
 ISIJT — Mayor. Thomas Do^ie ; recorder. A. L. 
 Aldricii; treasurer. Gouv'r .Morris; justice of 
 iho peace. Lewis Darrah; school inspector, 
 l*'iank Piley. Aldermen: First ward. Augus- 
 tus (Jirshke; second ward. John W. Jleisig ; 
 thii-d ward, Charles Toll. As.ses,sor8 : First 
 ward. (Charles Kirchgessner; second ward. 
 .Michael Plielan ; third ward. John Davis. Col- 
 lectors: First ward. Bernai'<l l{u|i|) ; second 
 ward. Patrick Matthews: third ward, Fred 
 Ninis. 
 
 ISCS — Ma3-or, Frederick Waldorf; recorder, 
 A \j. Aldrieh ; treasurer. Gouverneur Morris ; 
 school inspector, Jarvis FIdred ; justice of the 
 peace. John Tull Aldei'men : First ward, 
 .loliu Wall); second ward, J. L. C. Godfrey; 
 third ward, Michael Cassady. Assessors: First 
 ward, diaries Kirchgessner; second ward. 
 .Michael Phelan ; third wanl, John Davis, ('ol- 
 hiioi-s: First ward, K. liupp: second ward. 
 .Inhn Ifobert : thii'd ward. (Jharles Miller. 
 
 1S(;!I — Mayor-. Alfred J. Saw3^er ; recorder. 
 Alanson Wilson: treasurer, Anton Dialx-r: 
 justices of the peace. Addison Aldriidi. Kdgar 
 Stoddard. Aldermen : Fii'sl ward. Jaithcr li. 
 
 l..ittle : second war<l. Patrick Ma^-nes : third 
 ward, Charles Toll. Supervisors: I'irst ward. 
 Charles Kirchgessner; second ward. Michael 
 Phelan; third ward. John Davis. Collt^clors: 
 Fii-stward. Bernai-d Jlupp ; second ward. John 
 B. Kobeit; third ward, John (Jicotl. 
 
 LS70 — Mayor, Alfred J, Sawyer; recorder. 
 Alan.son Wilson ; treasni-er, Francis L. Lafon- 
 tain ; clerk, Joseph Weicr ; justice of the jieace. 
 Augustus Girshke ; school inspector. Anderson 
 Wing. Aldermen: Fii-st wanl. Sebastian Ijainr: 
 second ward. J. L. C. Godfroy ; third ward. 
 Eilgar C. Stoddard, Assessors: First ward. 
 Ciiarles Kirchgessner; second ward, Michael 
 Phelan ; third ward, John Davis, Collectors: 
 First ward, BtM'nard I?upp; second ward, John 
 B. Eobcrt ; third ward, Hillary Lemerand. 
 
 1871 — Mayor, ILeman J. Jiedtield ; recorder. 
 Jacob VanWormer; justice of the peace, Lewis 
 Darrah; clerk, John Davis; school ins])ectors, 
 Rlam Willard, Edgar C. Stoddard. Ahlermen : 
 First ward, Christian F, Beck; second ward. 
 Chas. G. Johnson (2 years); third wai-d. Harry A. 
 Conanl (1 year); fourth ward. Henry Durell. 
 Su]iervisors : First ward, Charles Kirchgess- 
 ner; second ward, John J. Stevens ; third ward. 
 Thomas Doyle; fourth wanl, John Davis. (V)l- 
 lectors : First ward, Bernaivl Rup]); scconil 
 ward, Peter Hammer; third ward. John Rt. 
 Robert; fourth ward. Chai-les Miller. 
 
 1872- Mayor. Henian J. Redfield : recorder, 
 Alanson Wilson; justice of the ]ieace. John 
 Davis; clerk. John Davis; school inspectors. 
 Eiam Willard. H. Lee Stoddard. Su])ervisors : 
 First ward, August Gershke; .second ward. 
 Constant Luce; third ward, Thomas Do^de ; 
 fourth ward, John Davis. Aldermen: First 
 ward, John P. Jaminct; second w'ai'd. (ieorge 
 N. Strong; third ward, Jacob VanWormer; 
 fourth ward. Hdgar C. Stoddard. Collectors: 
 First ward. Jo.sepb Brillman ; second ward. 
 Peter Hammei'; third ward, John li. Robert : 
 fourtii ward. Charles Miller. 
 
 187:5 — Mayor. Heman J. Redfield; clcik. 
 John Davis: treasurer, Frank liafontain : mai-- 
 shal. John Ducio ; justice of the peace, Addi- 
 .son L. Aldrieh ; school inspectors, Flam Willai'd 
 and n. Lee Stoddard ; recorder. John Wahl. 
 Su|)ervi.sors : First ward, August (Jershke : 
 second ward. Constant Luce ; thir<l ward.Sam'l 
 J. i{oberl ; fourtli ward, John Davis. Con- 
 stables: First wai'd. ('harles Kirchgessner: 
 .second ward. John Duclo: thinl ward. John J. 
 
262 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Cicott ; fourtli ward, Nelson D. Curtis. Alder- 
 men : First wan!, Henry Noble ; second ward, 
 Chas. G. Johnson; third ward, John A. Wag- 
 ner; fourth ward. Bliab H. Koynolds. City 
 eollcctors: First ward, Bernard Rupp; second 
 ward, Peter Hammer; tliir<l war<l, Lewis Crow ; 
 fourth ward. Ciiarles Miller. 
 
 1S74 — Mayor, Heman J. Ked field ; clerk, 
 John Davi.s; treasurer, Charles Kruner ; niar- 
 slial, John Duclo ; street commissioner, Thomas 
 Strong ; collector, Wm. E. Campbell ; justice of 
 the peace, August Cerslike ; school inspectors, 
 S. W. Curtis, Thomas Doyle and Alanson Wil- 
 son. Supervisors: First ward, August Gershke; 
 second ward, Harry Conant ; third ward. Thos. 
 Doyle ; fourth ward, John Davis. Constables : 
 First w ard, Charles Kirehgessner ; second ward. 
 James Custer; third \vard, John Duclo; fourth 
 ward, Leander Shovin. Aldermen: First ward, 
 John P. Jaminet; second ward, John J. 
 Stevens; third ward, Henry Durell ; fourth 
 ward, Frederick A. Nims. 
 
 1875 — Mayor, Heman J. Eedtield ; clerk, 
 John Davis; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer ; mar- 
 shal, Jarvis Eldred ; street commissioner, A. P. 
 Chapman; city coUector.Patrick Maj-nes; justice 
 of the peace, Lewis Darrab; school inspector, 
 S. W. Curtis. Supervisors: First ward, Chas. 
 Kirehgessner ; second ward, Constant Luce ; 
 third wai'd, Thomas Doyle ; fourth ward, John 
 Davis. Constables; First ward, Chas. Kirch- 
 "•essner ; second ward, Jarvis Eldred ; third 
 ward, Jolm Duclo; fourth ward, Leander Sho- 
 vin. Aldermen: First ward, H. Shaw Noble ; 
 second ward, Gouv'r Morris ; third ward, Henry 
 V^andall; fourth ward, Israel E. Hgianfritz. 
 
 1870 — Mayor, George Spalding; clerk, John 
 Davis; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; marshal, 
 Jai'vis Rldred ; street commissioner, Aaron P. 
 Chapman ; collector, Charles Miller ; justice of 
 the peace, John Davis; school inspector, Tiios. 
 Doyle. Supervisors: First ward, Anton West- 
 erinan, jr.; second wai-d. Constant Luce ; third 
 ward, Thomas Doyle ; fourth ward, Frank H. 
 Hubbard. Constables: First ward, Samuel 
 Schriber ; second ward, Jarvis Eldred; third 
 ward, John Duclo; foiirth ward, Leander Sho- 
 vin. Aldermen : First ward, Frank Schwing- 
 schlege; second ward, Henry T. Cole; third 
 ward, Geo. K. llunl; fourth war<l, Frederick A. 
 Nims. 
 
 1877 — Mayoi-, Alfred J. Sawyer; clerk, John 
 Davis; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; street com- 
 
 missioner, Jas. A. Wendell ; collector, James J. 
 Robert; justice of the peace, Addison Aldrich ; 
 school inspector, Sylvanus W. Curtis. Super- 
 visors : First ward, Anthony Westerman ; sec- 
 ond ward, James P. Scranton ; third ward, 
 Thomas Doyle ; foui-th'ward, John Davis. Con- 
 stables: First ward, Louis Scribner ; second 
 wai'd, Edwai'd Archer; third ward, John Duclo: 
 foui-th ward. Philip Godfi-o^'. Aldermen : 
 Fii-st ward, H. Shaw Noble ; second ward, 
 Gouv'r Morris; third ward, Henry Durell; 
 fourth ward, Isi'ael Hgianfritz. 
 
 1878 — Mayor, Jacob VanWormer; clerk, 
 John Davis; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; mar- 
 shal. Jai'vis Eldred ; street commissioner, BenJ. 
 F. Whitney; collector, Adam Rupp; justice of 
 the peace, W. S. Campbell. Supervisors: Fir.st 
 ward, Anton Westerman ; second ward, James 
 P. Scranton ; third ward, Thomas Doyle ; fourth 
 ward, James J. Robert. Constables: First 
 wanl, Charles Miller; second ward, John Loef- 
 tler ; third ward, John Duclo; fourth ward. 
 Philip W. Godfrey. 
 
 1879— Mayor, H. Shaw Noble ; clerk, John 
 Davis; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; marshal, 
 Erastus Hubble; street commissioner, James 
 A. Wendell; collector, Thurlow A. Strong; 
 justice of the peace, John P. Jaminet; school 
 inspector, Edward R. Gilday. Supervisors; 
 First ward, George Crow ; second ward, James 
 P. Scranton ; third ward, Michael Phelan ; 
 fourth ward, Jo.seph D. Ronan. Constables : 
 First ward, ('harles Miller; second wanl, John 
 I>oefflcr ; third ward, John B. Robert; fourth 
 ward, Theodore F. Navarre. Aldermen : First 
 ward, John Renner ; second ward, John S. 
 Noble; third ward, Henry Durell : fourth ward, 
 Fr. X. Soleau. 
 
 1880 -Mayor, H. Shaw Noble; clerk, John 
 Davis; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; marshal, 
 Erastus Hubble ; street commissioner, James 
 A. Wendell; collector, Martin LoefWer ; justice 
 of the peace, Thomas Doyle. Su])ervi8ors : 
 First ward, Geoi-ge Crow; second ward. John E. 
 Landon ; third ward, Michael Phelan ; fourtli 
 ward, .Joseph D. Ronan. Constables: First 
 ward, John LoefHer; second ward, Josej)h 
 Suzor ; third ward, Jose])h Suzor; fourth ward, 
 Philip W. Godfroy. Aldermen : First ward, 
 Job C. Eaton; second ward, William Gilmore; 
 third ward, Lewis Jones ; fourth ward, John P. 
 Nelson. 
 
 1881 — Maj'or. Burton Parker; clerk, John 
 
MONROE CITY OFFICERS. 
 
 263 
 
 l):ivis; trousiiror, Sclta.stiiiii Liuior : iiiarslial, 
 Erastiis Hubble: .street commissioner, James A. 
 Wendell; collector, Martin Ijoetiler; justice of 
 the jieacc, Addison Aldrich. Supervisors: 
 First ward, Anton Westerman ; secoTid ward, 
 Tliurlow A. Strong: third ward, Michael Phe- 
 lan : fourth ward, Charles A. Golden. Con- 
 stables: First ward. Bernar<l Iloffnian : second 
 ward, Jolm Loeffler : tliird ward, Valentine 
 SI(M-in : fourth ward, Loui.i Crowder. 
 
 1S,^2 — Ma3'or, IJurton Parker: clerk, George 
 l>. I'auf; treasurer, Seltastian Lauer : marshal, 
 .hii-vis KIdred ; street coiiiniissioner, James A. 
 Wendell; collector, Philip Godfroy; justice of 
 the peace, John Davi.s : school inspector, Ed- 
 ward U. Gilday. Supervisors: First ward, 
 Anthony Westerman; second ward, Tlnirlow 
 Strong; third ward, Michael Phelan ; fourth 
 ward, Charles G. Morris. Constables: First 
 ward, Charles Miller; second ward, Jo.seph 
 Sharbinow ; third ward, Joseph R. Autian : 
 fourth ward, Andrew O'Kiley. Aldermen: 
 l-'irst ward, Job C. Eaton ; second ward, Henry 
 |j. Wood; third ward, Charles Stetzner : fourth 
 \v:u-<l, Eliab II. Reynolds. 
 
 1,SS3— Mayor, Ilenrj- S. Noble ; clerk, George 
 1>. Paul; treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; marshal, 
 F. I'.endereitor ; street commissioner, James A. 
 W.-ndcll ; collector, Martin LoefHer ; justice of 
 the ]>eace, John J. Jaminct; vucancj', Lewis 
 Darrah ; school inspector, George R. Iliird. 
 Supervisors : First ward, George Crow ; second 
 ward, John E. Landon ; third ward, Michael 
 Pholan ; fourth ward, Sylvanus Curtis. Con- 
 .stables : First ward, Charles Miller; second 
 ward. .Iose])li Sharbinow; third ward, Joseph 1). 
 Autian; fourth ward, Edwar<l Ijcmerand. 
 Aldermen: First ward, Kol>ert I). Waters: 
 second ward, William Gilmorc: third ward, 
 Hetirj' Durell; fourth ward, Ferdinand Bezzeau. 
 
 1.SSI— Mayor, Henry S. Noble; clerk, Wni. 
 '1'. Soleau: treasurer, Sebastian Lauer; marshal, 
 Frank Bendereiter ; street comniissioner, Thos. 
 T. Strong: collector, Martin LoefHer : justice 
 of the peace, Lewis Darrah ; vacancy-, Patrick 
 (iiilden; school inspector, .James York. Super- 
 visors: First ward, George Crow ; second ward, 
 James E. Landon: third ward, Michael Phe- 
 lan ; fourth ward, Sj'lvanus Curtis. C'onstables: 
 P'ir.st ward, Charles Miller: second ward, Dan'l 
 T. Cole; third ward, .losepli Autian: fourth 
 ward, Edward Lemerand. Ahlermen : i''irst 
 ward. George Kapp ; second ward, J. llcnr^- 
 
 Kurtz; third ward, Charles Stetzner: fourth 
 ward, II. Lee Stoddard. 
 
 188.5— Mayor, Edward R. (lilday: marshal, 
 Christian Fay; clerk, William Soleau; treas- 
 urer, Sebastian Lauer; collector, John Ren- 
 tier; street commi.ssioner, James Wendell: 
 school inspector, Alfred .L Massacre ; justice of 
 the peace, Anton Daiber. Supervisors: First 
 ward, .L George Crow; second ward, John E. 
 Landon ; third ward, Samuel J. Itobert ; fourth 
 ward, Hillary Lemerand. Aldermen : First 
 ward, John JIaurer; second ward, John J. 
 Stevens; third ward, Louis Jones ; fourth ward, 
 Thomas Keegan. Constables; First ward. 
 Josei)h Kirchgessnor ; second ward, Daniel T. 
 Cole: third ward, Fred Cooley ; fourth ward, 
 Andrew O'lliley. 
 
 188(j— Mayor. Edward R. (niday; marshal, 
 George Ellis ; clerk, Thomas I>, Strong; collec- 
 tor, George Rammler ; street commi.ssioner, 
 James .V. Wendell ; justice of the peace, Charles 
 Kirchgessncr ; school inspector, George R. 
 Hurd. Supervi.sors: First ward, .1. (Jeorge 
 (h-ow ; second ward, John E. Landon: third 
 ward, Samuel J. Robert; fourth ward, Hillary 
 Lemerand. Aldermen: First ward,. Ta.son P. 
 Root: second ward.Gustavc Stier ; third ward, 
 Alfred J, Massacre; fourth ward, Eliab 11. Re}-- 
 nolds. Constables: First ward, Joseph Kirch- 
 gessncr; second ward, Daniel T.t'ole; thii-d w;ird, 
 John Bouchard ; fourth ward, Henry Ranch. 
 
 1887— Mayor, George Ii. Hurd ; marshal, 
 George Ellis; clerk, Thomas T. Strong; treas- 
 urer, James .1. Robert; collector, George 
 Ilamnilcr; street comniissioner, Ferdinand 
 Bezzeau ; city attornej', Alonzo B. Bragdon : 
 school inspector, Anton Westerman; justice of 
 the peace, .Tohn P, Jaminct; survej'or, Willis 
 Baldwin ; phj-sician, Charles T. Southworth ; 
 chief engineer, (Jhas. A. (ioldeii. Supervisors : 
 First ward, Charles A. Maurer ; second ward, 
 John E. Landon ; third ward, Samuel J. Iloliei-t: 
 fourth ward, Clias. G. Morris. Aldei-men: l''irsl 
 ward, George Ilapp ; .second ward, .lolin .1. 
 Stevens; thir<l ward, Lewis Jones: fourth ward, 
 I. !"]. Ilgianfritz. ('onstables: First ward, 
 Charles Miller; second ward, Joseph Shar- 
 binow ; third ward, Henry V'andall ; fourth 
 ward, Theodore Navarre. 
 
 1888 — Maj'fir, George R. Hurd; marshal, 
 Frank Lemerand; clerk, TIkiuius T. Strong; 
 treasurer, James J. Robert; collector, Geoi'ge 
 Rammler ; street commissiimcr Fi-rdiuaud Bez- 
 
264 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 zeau ; city attorney, Alonzo B. Bragdoii ; justice 
 oftiio peace, John P. Jainiiiet; surveyor, Willis 
 HaUlwin; physician, Charles T. Southworth ; 
 chief engineer, Charles A. Golden; fii'st assist- 
 ant, J. H. Kurz; second assistant, Jac. Martin. 
 Supervisors: First ward, Charles A. Maurer ; 
 second ward, .Fohn E. Landon; third ward, 
 Samuel J. llobei-t; fourth ward, Charles G. 
 Morris. Aldermen : First ward, George Rapp; 
 second ward, Gustav Stier; third ward, Ijewis 
 Jones; fourth ward, I. B. Ilgianfritz. Con- 
 stables: First ward. Anton Westerman, Jr.; 
 second ward, Ed. G. J. Laner; thii'd ward, 
 Charles Hoyt; fourth ward, H. A. Bourdeau. 
 
 1889 — Mayor, Charles A. Golden ; marshal, 
 Frank Lemerand ; clerk, Thomas T. Strong ; 
 treasurer, James J. Robert; collector, Patrick 
 II. Matthews ; street commissioner, James A. 
 Wendell; .school inspectors, Edward C. Ilauch, 
 Benjamin Dansard, George R. Ilurd ; justice of 
 the peace, William J. Danz. Supervisors: First 
 ward, Charles Maurer; second ward, John E. 
 Landon; third ward, John E. Cooper; fourth 
 ward, Thomas E. Keegan. Aldermen : Fir,st 
 ward, George Rapp ; second ward, Gustav Stier; 
 third ward, C. William Beck ; fourth ward, I. E. 
 Ilgianfritz. Constables: First ward, John Eber- 
 linc; second ward, Daniel T. Cole; third ward, 
 Henry Vaiulall; fourth wai'd, T. S. Navarre. 
 
 PRESIDENTIAL VOTE OF MONROE COUNTY, 
 
 Friivi 18;!G lo 1888 inclndiv. 
 ISHfi — VanBuren (Democrat), ; Harri- 
 son (Whig). 1,147. 
 
 1840— VanBuren (I)en\ocrat), 1,02:5 ; Harri- 
 son (Whig), 930. 
 
 1844-Polk (Democrat), 1,2S2; Clay (Whig), 
 S70. 
 
 1848 — VanBuren (Free Soil), 398; Ca.ss 
 (Democrat), 1,155; Taylor (Whig), 791. 
 
 1852— Hale (Free Soil), 109; Pierce (Demo- 
 crat), 1,582 ; Scott (Whig), 1,112. 
 
 185fi — Buchanan (Democi-at). 1.703 ; Fremont 
 (Whig), 1,777. 
 
 1800— Douglas (Democrat), 2,105; Lincoln 
 (Rci)ublican). 2,282. 
 
 1S04— McClellan (Democrat), 2,331; Linc<dn 
 (Republican), 1,659. 
 
 1808— Seymour (Democrat). 2,914; Grant 
 (Republican), 2,029. 
 
 1872— Black (Prohibition), — ; O'Connor 
 (Democi'at), 72; Greeley (Democrat), 2,192; 
 Grant (Republican), 2,045. 
 
 1876 - Smith (Prohibition), I ; Cooper (Green- 
 back), 23; Tilden (Democrat), 3,893; Hayes 
 (Republican), 3,032. 
 
 1880- Labor, 10; Dow (Prohibition), 2; 
 Weaver (Greenback), 224; Hancock (Demo- 
 crat), 3,701 ; Garfield (Republican), 3,178. 
 
 1884 -Butler, 51 ; St. John (Prohibition), 224; 
 Butler (Greenback and Anti-Monopoly), 190; 
 Cleveland (Democrat), 3,735; Cleveland and 
 Butler Fusion, 3,920; Blaine (Republican), 
 3,025. 
 
 1888— Streeter (United Labor), 15; Fisk 
 (Prohibition), 182 ; Cleveland(Democrat), .3,940; 
 Harrison (Republican), 3,450. 
 
 •STATE OFFICERS, IsSi). 
 
 (iovornor 
 
 Licntenant-iiovernor 
 
 Secretary ot State 
 
 Treasurer 
 
 Auditor (ieneral 
 
 Com. of LandOllice 
 
 Attorney Ueneral 
 
 Supt. Pub. Instruption 
 
 A<ljut.antGeufnil 
 
 (, Jiiartcrmastcr (icMicral 
 
 Inspcrtor Gcnenil 
 
 Insurance CDUiniissioner 
 
 Railniail Cuniinissioner 
 
 I,al)or ('onniiissicjncr 
 
 Coin. I'liinking Department. 
 Librarian 
 
 Cvrus(i. Luce - 
 
 .las. H. Macdnnald.. 
 Oilbert U. Osniun___ 
 
 (iecir-c L. Maltz 
 
 Henry II. Aplin 
 
 Roscoe D. Dix 
 
 S. V. R. Trowbridge 
 Jo.sepli Estabrook ._ 
 Daniel I'>. jViiifjcr _ . 
 Slu'rmaii U. Dat>oll . 
 
 F. D. Newberry 
 
 H.S. Raymond 
 
 JolmT. Rich 
 
 Alfred II. Heath. . 
 Theo. C. Sbcrwood _ 
 Harriett .\. Tcnncy ._ 
 
 .Tan.,lSsn. 
 .Jan.,lSS!l_ 
 Jan., 1SS1I_ 
 Jan., I.S89. 
 .Ian., ]S.S!I. 
 .Ian., 1880, 
 Jan., 1889- 
 .Tan., 18,S9_ 
 .Ian., 188<1. 
 Jan., 1889. 
 ,Tan.,l,sS!l 
 Jan.. 18.S9. 
 .Ian.. lS.S<t_ 
 Feb. 28, '87 
 Jan., l.S.S9_ 
 .Ian.,18.S9. 
 
 Jan., 1891., 
 Jan., 1891 . 
 Jan., 1891 . 
 Jan., 1.S91.. 
 Jan., 1891.. 
 Jan., 1891.. 
 Jan., 1891.. 
 Jan., 189I-. 
 Jan., 1891 _. 
 Jan., 1S9K. 
 Jan., 189!.. 
 Jan , 1891.. 
 Jan., 1891 _ 
 Mar. I, '89 
 Jan., 189:; _ 
 Jan., 1891 . 
 
 .1; 1,000 
 f :^> jir (lav 
 
 .f.snb 
 
 1 ,000 
 2,900 
 ,S()0 
 .S90 
 1 ,000 
 1,009 
 1.01)0 
 1,090 
 2,000 
 2,.">00 
 2,000 
 2,. 500 
 1.000 
 
STATISTICS. 
 
 265 
 
 
 
 
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 <;sc5^ysfc.i-;>Jh^lSS — xr^'w 
 
266 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 POLITICAL CKNTKAL (.OMMITTEES. 
 
 KEPUBLICAN STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Officers.— George H. Hopkins, chairmau, De- 
 troit; Charles Wriglit, treasurer, Detroit : Harry 
 C. Tillman, secretary, Detroit. 
 
 Executive Committee. — Henry M. Duttield, 
 Detroit ; T. S. Applegate, Adrian ; T. F. Gid- 
 dings, Kalamazoo; Chas. E. Kimball. Pontiac ; 
 F. C. Stone, Saginaw; E. T. Garrington, Bay 
 City; D. B. Ainger, Charlotte; G. W. Webber, 
 Ionia; A. R. Avery, Port Huron. 
 
 District Committee. — First district. Heni'y M. 
 DutReld, Charles Wright, Detroit; second dis- 
 trict, T. S. A]iplegate, Adrian, J. T. Jacobs, 
 Ann Arboi- ; third district, D. B. Ainger, Char- 
 lotte, W. H. Withington, Jackson; fourth dis- 
 trict, T. F. Giddings, Kalamazoo, A. B. Copley, 
 Decatur; fifth district, G. W. Webber, Ionia, 
 Wm. Alden Smith, Grand Rapids; sixth dis- 
 trict, Chas. F. Kimball, Pontiac, Otis Fuller, 
 St. Johns; seventh district, Wm. H, Acker, 
 Richmond, A. R. Avery, Port Huron ; eighth 
 district, N. J. Bi'own, Stantou, F. C. Stone, 
 Saginav?; ninth district, Newcomb McGraft, 
 Muskegon, E. Broox Martin, Reed City; tenth 
 district, E. T. Garrington, Bay City, I).. G. 
 Page, Petoskey ; eleventh district, Thomas T. 
 Bates, Traverse City, H. O.Young, Ishpeming. 
 
 DEMOCRATIC STATE CENTRAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Officers. — I. M. Weston, chairman, Grand 
 Rapids; J. W. Fiynn, treasurer, Detroit; Fi-ank 
 H. Thomas, secretary, Caro. 
 
 E.vecutive Committee. — I. M. Weston, chair- 
 man. Grand Rapids; 1). J. Campau, Detroit; 
 Frank H. Thomas, Caro ; Styles Kennedy, St. 
 Louis; Geo. H. House, East Saginaw. 
 
 District Members. — First district, D. J. Cam- 
 pau, J. W. Flynn, Detroit; second district, 
 Chas. S. Gregory, Dexter, Chas. Humphrey, 
 Adrian ; third district, W. H. Porter, Marshall, 
 J. Shean, Hickory Corners; fourth district, C. 
 H. Kimmerle, Dailey, C. J. Lockwood, Sturgis; 
 fifth district, T. B. Preston, Ionia, A. E. Cal- 
 kins, Allegan ; sixth district, J. H. Fedewa, St. 
 Johns, F. G. Rounsville, Fowlerville; seventh 
 disti-ict, Robert Willis, Marlette, G. M. Crocker. 
 Mt. Clemens; eighth district, G. H. House, 
 East Saginaw, Styles Kennedy, St. Louis ; 
 ninth district, R. R. Blacker, Manistee. L. J. 
 Law, Cadillac ; tenth district, Fi'ank H. Thomas, 
 Caro, George J. Robinson, Alpena; eleventh 
 
 district, H. C. Davis, Traverse City, G. W. 
 Hayden, Ishpeming. 
 
 rROIIIHITIOX STATE CENTRAL COM.MITTEE. 
 
 Officers. — Albert Dodge, chairman, Fowler- 
 ville: Williiim W. Wise, secretary, Lansing; 
 Alfred Wise, treasurer, Lansing. 
 
 District Members. — Fh-Bt district, Charles P. 
 Russell, Jerome B. Stevens, Detroit ; second 
 district, G. P. Waring, Ridgeway, B. J. Conrad, 
 Ann Arbor; third district, 1). P. Sagendorph, 
 Charlotte, A. G. Bruce, Albion ; fourth district, 
 Henry I. Allen. Schoolcraft, H. S. McMaster, 
 Dowagiac ; fifth district, A. O. Crozier, Grand 
 Rajjids, J)r. Milton Chase, Otsego ; sixth dis- 
 trict, Alfred Wise, Lansing, James Houston, 
 Pontiac; seventh disti'ict, Roljert King. Lapeer, 
 L. Granger, Armada ; eighth district, H. W. 
 Parker, Owosso, Newell Leonard, St. Louis ; 
 ninth district, E. S. Palmiter, Hart, G. R. Ma- 
 lone, Big Rapids; tenth district, J. Van Zolen- 
 burg, Petoskey, S. A. Lane, Vassar ; eleventh 
 district, George H. Cobb, Traverse City, Rev. 
 1). B. .Fohnson, Menominee. 
 
 THE EARLY COURTS. 
 
 May 8, 1807, the Court of Common Pleas 
 was organized by appointment by the governor 
 and judges. John Anderson was ajipointed 
 chief justice, Moses Morse, Francis Navarre, 
 associate justices. Francis Lasselle was ap- 
 pointed by the courts treasurer of district ; 
 John Bt. Fjasselle, assessor on north side of 
 River Raisin; Giles Barnes, collector; Jacques 
 Navarre, assessor on south side of River Raisin. 
 Israel Ruland was appointed associate judge in 
 place of Moses Morse. 
 
 1809-10 — Same officers continued in ofiBce. 
 
 We find no records of courts held from this 
 date until May 4, 1818, when Isaac Lee pre- 
 sided as chief justice, John Anderson, Francis 
 Lasselle, associate justices; Hubert Lacroix, 
 sheriff; Oliver Johnson, treasurer; Charles 
 Noble, prosecuting attorne\' ; Hubert Lacroix, 
 collector of taxes. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS AND SUPERVISORS. 
 
 1824 — County commissioners were elected as 
 follows : Henry Disbrow, Gabriel Godfroy, jr., 
 Hubert Lacroix, Harr^' Conant, Josejjh Far- 
 rington ; Laurent Durocher, collector of taxes. 
 
 1827 — July 1st, first meeting of board of 
 supervisors. Erie was represented by Levi 
 
STATISTICS. 
 
 267 
 
 Collier; FroiR'lito«'ii,Edimiiid Ijitllotioki ; Mon- 
 roe, Samuel Choato ; Eaisinville, Thomas B. 
 Beiijaniiii : clerk, Feter P. Ferry ; treasurer, 
 Daniel MullioUen. 
 
 ISL'8— LaSalle, .loliii .Miller; Krie. Levi Col- 
 lier; Port Lawrcnee, .lohu T. Baldwin: Raisiii- 
 ville, Riley Ingersoll; Freiielitowii, Hdmuiid 
 l.ittleticld ; Monroe, Samuel Clioate: clerk. 
 Peter P. Feriy. 
 
 1829 — Monroe, Walter Colton ; Frenohtown, 
 .loliii Bt. Cicotte; Erie, James Cornell ; Eaisin- 
 villo, Samuel Atkinson : clerk, P. P. Ferry. 
 
 SIIPKRVISOU.S. 
 
 1S:S0 — RaLsinville, Richard Mcttez ; French- 
 town, John Bt. Cicotte ; Port Lawrence. Alvin 
 Evans; Monroe, Walter Colton: Erie. James 
 Cornell; clerk. Peter P. Ferry. 
 
 18151 — Summcrfield, Benjamin Davis : Erie, 
 James Cornell: Port Lawrence, Eli Hubbard : 
 Frenchtown, Richard Mettez; Raisinvillc, John 
 Bt. Cicotte; Monroe, Daniel S. Bacon : LaSalle. 
 Francis Charter; clerk, P. P. Ferrj-. 
 
 1832 — Summerficld, Benjamin J)avis: Erie, 
 James Cornell ; Port Lawrence, Eli Hubbard : 
 Frenchtown. Richard Mettez : Raisinville. John 
 Bt. Cicotte ; Monroe, Daniel S. Bacon ; LaSalle, 
 Francis Charter : clerk, Petci' P. Ferry ; Solo- 
 mon Kecney, of Erie, justice of the peace. 
 Benjamin Davis and James Cornell wei-e, by 
 the board, authorized to purchase land for a 
 poor-house. 
 
 1833— I'ort Lawrence. Eli Hubbard; LaSalle. 
 Francis Charter ; Eric, James Cornell ; Monroe, 
 Luther Harvey ; Frenchtown. Louis Bond : 
 Whiteford. Daniel White; Raisinville, John B. 
 Cicotte : I>aSalle, Francis Charter; clerk, P. P. 
 Ferry. 
 
 1834 — Summertield, .lohn B. King; I'aisin- 
 ville, Eliphalet B. Clark ; Port Lawrence, Fli 
 Hubbard ; LaSalle, Francis Charter ; Erie, 
 James Cornell; Monroe, liUther Harvey: 
 Frenchtown, Laurent Durocher: Whiteford, 
 Daniel White: clerk, Peter P. Ferry. 
 
 COMMISSIONERS. 
 
 1838 — Seba Murphy-, James Mulhollen, Gid- 
 eon Thomas; clerk, (,'arlos Colton. 
 
 1839— Seba Murphy. James Mulhollen. Gid- 
 eon Thomas; clerk, Carlos Colton. 
 
 1840 — Seba Murphy, James Mulhollen. IJans- 
 ford E. Whiting; clerk, Carlos Colton. 
 
 1841 — Ransford E. Whiting, James Mulhol- 
 len, John Paxton ; clerk, Carlos Colton. 
 
 srrKiiVisoii.s, 
 
 1812 — Ash,(iidcon Thomas; Bedford. Farlej- 
 McLouth : Dundee, Junius Tilden ; Erie. James 
 Mulhollen ; Exeter, .lohn Murphy: Frenchtown, 
 Fiaurent Durocher; Ida, Richmond Cheadle: 
 LaSalle, Samuel iL Bartlett; London, Rans- 
 lord E. Whiting; Monroe, Nathan Hubble; 
 Milan, John Spalding: Raisinville. (ieorge 
 Younglove; W'hiteford, ^Varren liurnhani; 
 clerk, Carlos Colton. 
 
 1843 — Ash, Isaac M. AsseUyne ; Bedford, Far- 
 ley- McLouth; Dundee, Junius Tilden; Erie, 
 James Mulhollen; Ivxeter, John Murphy; 
 Frenchtown, Ijaurent Durocher: Ida, Peter K. 
 Zacharias : LaSalle, Samuel M. Bartlett : Lon- 
 don, Lleazer Barnes; Monroe, Gershom T. 
 Bulkley; Milan, Daniel Kelsey ; Raisinvillc. 
 John Wadsworth ; Whiteford, Liber Allen; 
 SummcrtieM, Ri'hard Pett-rs; clerk-, Cai-los 
 (Bolton. 
 
 1844— Ash. Isaac M, Asseltyne; Bedford, 
 Daniel Hungerford ; Dundee, Junius Tilden; 
 Erie, Janies Mulhollen; E.Keter, Luke Dunn; 
 Frenchtown. Tiaurent Durocher; Ida, Peter K. 
 Zacharias: LaSalle, Samuel M. Bartlett ; Fion- 
 don, R. K. Whiting; Monroe, (iershoni T. 
 Bulkley; Milan, Daniel Kelse.}-; Raisinville, 
 George Younglove ; Whitefoi'd, Warren Burn- 
 ham : Summcrfield. Richard Peters: clerk, 
 Carlos Colton. 
 
 1845 — Ash. Alexander M. Ai-zeiio : Bedford. 
 Farlej' McLouth ; Dundee. Junius Tilden : Erie. 
 James Mulhollen; Exeter, Lewis W'elcli ; 
 Frenchtown. Laurent Durocher; Ida, Peter Iv. 
 Zacharias; LaSalle. Samuel S. Parker; Ijondon, 
 Elea/.er Barnes: Monroe, Norman D. Curtis; 
 Milan, Noble S. Squires ; Raisinville. George 
 Younglove; Whiteford, Liber Allen : Summer- 
 field. Richard Peters; clerk, Carlos Colton. 
 
 1846 — Ash. Alexander M. Arzeno; Bedford, 
 Farley McLouth ; Dundee. Junius Tilden; Erie. 
 James Mulhollen, Exeter, John Murphy; 
 Frenchtown. Laui'ent Durocher; Ida, W'esley 
 Conant; LaSalle, Lewis Darrah : F^ondon, 
 Eleazcr jjarnes ; Monroe. Gershom T. Bulkley; 
 Milan. R. Squii-es; Raisinville, tieorge Young- 
 love ; Whiteford, W^m. Bancroft ; Summcrfield, 
 John B. King; clerk. Cailos Colton. 
 
 1847 — Ash, Alexander M. Arzeno ; Bedford, 
 Farlev McF>outh ; Dundee. J unius Tilden; Krie, 
 L. H. Bailej- : Exeter, John Murphy; French- 
 town. Laurent Durocher; Ida. Wm. L. Riggs : 
 LaSalle, Jacob Leonard ; London, Wm. B. 
 
268 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Bradford; Monroe, Nonnan D. (Jurtis; Milan, 
 Noble S. Squires ; Raisinville, Robert Talford; 
 Whiteford, Wm. Bancroft; Summcrfifld. Rich- 
 ard Pctei-s ; clerk. Carlos Colton. 
 
 1848 — Ash, Alexander M. Arzcno ; Bedford, 
 Ilenry Mason ; Dundee, Junius Tilden ; Erie, 
 L. H. Bailey; Exeter, Luke Dunn; French- 
 town, Alfred G. Bates ; Ida, P. K. Zucharias : 
 LaSalle, Samuel M Bartlett ; London, Wm. B. 
 Bradford ; Monroe, E. Choate ; Milan, David A. 
 Woodward ; Raisinville, Robert Talford; White- 
 ford, Wm. Bancroft; Summerfield, Richard 
 Peters. City of Monroe, first ward, N. D. 
 Curtis; second ward. Franklin Johnson; third 
 waril. John Burch. 
 
 1S49— Ash, Alexander M. Arzcno; Bedford. 
 Henry Mason ; Dundee, Junius Tilden; Erie, 
 L.H.Bailey; Exeter, Lewis Welch; French- 
 town, Alfred G. Bates; Ida. Nathaniel Lang- 
 don ; LaSalle, Lewis Darrah ; London, Eleazer 
 Barnes; Moni'oe, Emerson Choate; Milan, Har- 
 mon Allen; Raisinville, Henry B. Marvin; 
 Whiteford, Sylvester E. Hathaway; vSummer- 
 field, James J. Russell. City of Monroe, first 
 ward, N. D. f!urtis; second ward. Nathan N. 
 Kendall; third ward. Thomas Clark. Clerk. 
 Titus Babcock. 
 
 1850 — Ash, Alexander M. Arzeno; Bedford. 
 Thomas F. Aldrich ; Dundee. Junius Tilden; 
 Erie, Samuel Mulhollen ; Exeter, Barnard 
 Ealeigh ; Frenchtown, Gouverneur Morris ; Ida, 
 Nathaniel Langdon ; LaSalle, Jacob Leonard; 
 London, Eleazer Barnes; Monroe, Joseph (J, 
 Navarre; Milan, Harmon Allen; Raisinville. 
 John B. King; Whiteford, Cains Candee ; Sum- 
 merfield, James J. Russell. City of Monroe, 
 first ward, E. G. Brigham ; second ward, Nathan 
 N. Kendall ; thir<l ward. Ira R. Grosvenor. 
 Clerk, Titus Babcock. 
 
 1851 — Ash, Alexander M. Arzeno; Bedford, 
 C. F W. Rawson ; Dundee, J. D. Babcock ; 
 Erie, F)-ancis Duval; Exeter, John Murjihy; 
 Frenchtown, Touissant Navarre ; Ida, Nathan- 
 iel Ijangdon ; LaSalle, Lewis Darrah ; Lou- 
 don, Rausford E. Whiting; Monroe, Joseph G. 
 Navarre ; Milan, I). A. Woodward; Raisinville, 
 Robert Talford; Whiteford, Cains Candee; 
 Summerficdd, Oliver Rose. City of Monroe, 
 first ward, i<;idridge G. Brigham ; second ward, 
 Alex. Ragan ; third ward, Ira R. Grosvenor. 
 
 1852 -Ash. A. M. Arzeno; Bedford, C, F. W. 
 Raw.son; Dundee, Wm. H. Montgomery; Erie, 
 Francis Duval; Exeter, Lewis Welch; French- 
 
 town, Touissant Navarre; Ida, A. J. Briggs; 
 LaSalle, Lewis Darrah ; London. Ransford E. 
 Whiting; Monroe, Emerson Choate; Milan, 
 Wm. E.Marvin; Raisinville, Robert Talford; 
 Whiteford, Wm. Bancroft; Summerfield, Horace 
 Hill. City of Monroe, first ward, Nathan Hub- 
 ble ; second ward, George W. Strong ; third 
 ward, I. R. Grosvenor. 
 
 1853— Ash. Josiah Littlefield : Bedford, Geo. 
 Kirkland; Dundee, J. D. liabcock : Erie, 
 Stephen Bradford; Exeter, Lewis Welch; 
 Frenchtown, Touissant Navarre; Ida, A. J. 
 Briggs; LaSalle, Jacob Shew ; London, Nathan 
 Stuart ; Monroe, Emerson Choate ; Milan, Har- 
 mon Allen; Raisinville, George Younglove; 
 Whiteford, Henry Vaughn ; Summerfield, Wm. 
 Corbin. Citj^ of Monroe, first ward, J. M. 
 Oliver ; second ward, George W. Strong : third 
 ward, I. R. Grosvenor. 
 
 1851— Ash, Josiah Littlefield ; Bedford, 
 Henry Mason ; Dundee. J. D. Babcock ; Erie, 
 Samuel Mulhollen ; Exeter, John Murphy ; 
 Frenchtown, Touissant Navarre; Ida. Nathaniel 
 Langdon ; LaSalle. Jacob Shew ; London, 
 Eleazer Barnes ; Monroe. Emerson Choate ; 
 Milan, D. A. Woodward ; Raisinville, John 
 Chase ; Whiteford, Hiram Wakely ; Summer- 
 field, Wm. Corbin. City of Monroe, first ward, 
 E. G. Brigham ; second ward. Geoi'ge W. 
 Strong; third ward. Jolin Burch. 
 
 1855— Ash. Edward McCormick ; Bedford. 
 Caleb D. Sumner; Dundee, J. W. Vandevcnter; 
 Ei-ie, Stephen Bradford ; Exeter, Lewis Welch ; 
 Frenchtown, Touissant Navarre ; Ida, Nathan- 
 iel Langdon; LaSalle, Joseph W. Hall; Lon- 
 don, Nathan Stuart; Monroe, Emerson Choate; 
 Milan, A. H. Parsons; Raisinville, Franklin 
 Moses; Whiteford, Hiram Wakely; Summer- 
 field, George Peters. Cit}' of Monroe, first 
 ward, E. G. Brigham; second ward. P. John- 
 son ; third ward, John Burch. 
 
 185G— Ash, Edward McCormick; Bedford, 
 Caleb D. Sumner; Dundee, J. W. Vaudeventer; 
 Erie, James Mulhollen ; Exeter, Lewis Welch ; 
 Frenchtown, Touissant Navarre; Ida, Nathan- 
 iel Langdon ; LaSalle, John Miller; London, 
 R. E, Whiting; Monroe, Emerson Choate; 
 Milan, A. H. Parsons ; Raisinville. Franklin 
 Moses; Whiteford, Hiram Wakely ; Summer- 
 field, Jas. J. Russell. City of Monroe, first 
 ward, Junius Tilden ; second ward, Frazey M. 
 Winans; third ward, Talcott E. Wing. 
 
 1857 — Ash, Edward McCormick; Bedford, 
 
SUrERVISORS. 
 
 209 
 
 R. S. .Iiuiiie3'; Dundee. C. F. W. Rawsun; I'',rie. 
 Andrew J. Kceney; Kxeter. Cornelius Ding- 
 man; Frenchtown, Touissant NavaiTe ; Ida. 
 Xatlianiel Langdon ; LaSalle. Jacob Leonard ; 
 London, R. K. Whiting; Monroe, Tlionias Ke- 
 gan; Milan. D. T. Hazen ; Hai.sinville. Robert 
 Talford ; Whitcford, Hiram WaUely; Suininer- 
 lield. James J. Russell. City of Monroe, fii-st 
 ward. Junius Tilden ; second ward. Gouv'r 
 Morris; third ward, Wm. H. Wells. 
 
 1S58 — Ash. Kdward McCoi-mick; !5edt'ord. 
 C. D. Sumner; Dundee, C. F. W. Rawson; Eric. 
 Andrew J. Keetiej'; Exeter, John Murjjhy; 
 Frenchtown. Toui.ssant Xavarre, Ida. Nathan- 
 iel ijangdon ; LaSalle, Jacob Leonard ; JiOn- 
 don, Henrj* Palmer ; Monroe, Illmerson Choato; 
 Milan, D. T. ILizen ; Raisinville. Robert Tal- 
 ford; Whiteford, Hiram Wakely ; Summerfield. 
 George Peters. City of Monroe, finst ward. 
 Junius Tilden , second ward, F. M. Winans ; 
 third ward, John Burch. 
 
 1850-A8h, Wm. H. Hooper; Bedford, C. D. 
 Sumner; Dundee, C. F. W. Rawson; Erie, Ira 
 Smith; Exeter, John ilurphy ; Frenchtown, 
 Touis.sant Xavarre; Ida, Nathaniel Langdon ; 
 LaSalle, Joseph Hall ; London, Ilenrj' Palmer; 
 Monroe, Emerson Choate; Milati, Harmon Allen; 
 Raisinville, Charles H. Pitt.s; Whitelord. Hiram 
 Wakelj- ; Summerfield. Geoi-ge Peters. City of 
 Monroe, first ward, Junius Tilden ; second ward. 
 James Phelan ; third ward, Thomas Clark. 
 
 1800 -Ash. Wm. H. Hooper; Bedford. C. D. 
 Sumner; Dundee. J. H. Vandeventer; Erie. S. 
 Bradford; Kxetcr. B. Raleigh; Frenchtown. 
 Touissant Navarre; Ida. Nathaniel Langdon; 
 LaSalle. John Miller, London. Sol. G. Goodale; 
 Moni'oe. Emerson Choate; Milan, Daniel T. 
 Hazon; Raisinville. M. H. Frcst ; Whiteford. 
 Hiram Wakely ; Summerfield, George Peters. 
 Cit}' of Monroe, first ward, Junius Tilden ; sec- 
 ond ward. John J. Stevens ; third ward.Talcott 
 K. Wing. 
 
 lS(il — Ash, John G. Hood ; Bedford. Wm. 
 Jenney ; Dundee. Hcnrj' Watling; Erie, S. 
 Bradford; Exeter, John Murphy ; Frenchtown. 
 Touissant Soleau ; Ida. Natlianiel Langdon; 
 LaSalle. John Miller; London, E. Barnes; 
 Monroe. Kraerson Choate; .Milan. F. Mead ; 
 Raisinville. — Baldwin ; Whiteford. Hiram 
 Wakeh" ; Summerfield. George Peters. Cilj- of 
 Monroe, first ward, Stephen G. Clark; second 
 ward. John J. Stevens; third ward. Talcott E. 
 Wing. 
 
 1S(;2— Ash. John G. Hood : Bedford. Wm. 
 Jennej' ; Dundee. Heniy Watling; Erie, A. J. 
 Keeney; Exeter, John JIurphy; Frenchtown, 
 Touissant Navarre; Ida. Nathaniel Langdon; 
 LaSalle. John Miller; London. B. Barnes; 
 Monroe. Emerson Choate; Milan. F. Mead; 
 Raisinville. Charles Pitts; Whiteford. Hiram 
 Wakely; Summerfield. J.J.Russell. City of 
 Jlonroe. fii-st ward. Stephen G.Clark; second 
 ward, M. Phelan ; third ward, Talcott E. AVing. 
 
 1803— Ash, B. McLaughlin; Bedford, II. 
 .Mason; Dundee, Hcni-y Watling; Hrie, C. 
 liertzler; Exeter, John Murjjhy ; Frenchtown, 
 Touissant Navarre ; Ida, Nathaniel I^angdon ; 
 LaSalle. John Miller; London, S. Goodale; 
 ^[onroe, Emei-son Choate; Milan, F. Mead; 
 Raisinville, Charles Pitts ; Whiteford, — West; 
 Summerfield, George Peters. City of Monroe, 
 first ward, E. G. Brighara ; second ward, M. 
 Phelan; third ward, Talcott E. Wing. 
 
 1864— Ash, B. McLaughlin; Bedford, M. 
 Mason; Dundee, Henry Watling; Erie, C. 
 Hcrtzler; Exeter, John Mur])hj' ; Frenchtown, 
 N. Jarbo; Ida, Nathaniel Langdon; LaSalle, 
 J. Leonard; London, S. Goodale; Monroe, 
 Kmerson Choate; Milan, F. Mead; Raisinville, 
 Charles Pitts ; Summerfield, George Peters. 
 City of Monroe, first ward, E. G. Brighani ; sec- 
 ond ward, M. Phelan: thir<l ward, Talcott E. 
 Wing. 
 
 1805 -Ash, John G.Hood; Bedford, C. D. 
 Sumner; Dundee, Heniy Watling; Erie, C. 
 Htrtzler ; Exeter, J. Murphy ; Frenchtown, N, 
 Jarbo; Ida, Nathaniel Langdon; LaSalle, S. 
 Bartlett ; London, E. Barnes; Monroe, Kmerson 
 Choate ; Milan, D. T. Hazen : Raisinville, 
 Charles Pitts; Whiteford, H. Wakely; Sum- 
 merfield, J. J. Russell. City of Aloni-oe, first 
 wai'd, C. Kirchgcssner; second ward, M. Phelan; 
 third ward, John Davis. 
 
 1806 — Ash, Edward .McCormick ; Bedfoi'd, 
 C. I). Sumner; Dundee, Henry Walling; Erie, 
 C. Hertzlcr ; Exeter, J. Murphy; Frenchtown. 
 J. Du.sseati : Ida, Nathaniel Langdon; liaSalle, 
 S. Bartlett ; London, Henry Palmer: Monroe, 
 iMnerson Choate; Milan, D. T. Hazen; Raisin- 
 ville, Charles Pitts; Whiteford, — Lambert; 
 Summerfield, George Peters. City of Monroe, 
 first ward. C. Kirchgessner ; second ward. M. 
 Phelan: third ward, John Davis. 
 
 1S07— Ash. Benj. ,AIcLaughlin ; Bedford, 
 Lewis McLouth ; Dundee, — Wilcox ; Erie, C. 
 Hcrtzler; Exeter, J. Murphy; Frenchtown, J. 
 
270 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Dnsseau : Ida, Nathaniel Langdon ; LaSalle, 
 Thos. MeMauus; London. S. (Joodale ; Monroe, 
 Emerson Ghoate ; Milan. II. Allen ; Kaisiuville, 
 Chas. Pitts; W'liiteford, — Lambert; Summer- 
 field, T>. McLaughlin. City of Monroe, first 
 ward, C. Kirchgessner ; second ward, George 
 Strong; third ward, John Davis. 
 
 1S(!S— Ash, Jk^nj. McLaughlin : Bedford, A. 
 (". Lambert; Dundee, J. W. Jenney ; Erie, C. 
 HcrtyJer; Exeter, J. Murphy; Frenchtown, 
 George E. Hurd ; Ida. Nathaniel Langdon ; La- 
 Salle, Thomas McManus; London, S. Goodale; 
 Monroe, Emcr.son Choate ; Milan, S. McManus; 
 J{aisinville, Charles Pitts ; Whiteford, II. Wake- 
 ly ; Summerfield, D. McLaughlin. City of 
 Moni'oe, fir.st ward, C. Kirchgessner; second 
 ward, George Strong; third ward, John Davis. 
 
 1869— Ash, Benj. McLaughlin ; Bedford, J.J. 
 Sumner; Dundee, Delos Wilcox; Eric, C Hertz- 
 ler ; Exeter, J. Murphy ; Frenchtown, George 
 R. Hurd ; Ida, Nathaniel Langdon ; LaSalle, 
 J. D. Conlisk; London, Nathan Stuart ; Mon- 
 roe, Wm. Dunbar; Milan, D. T. Hazen ; Raisin- 
 villo, Charles Pitts; Whiteford, (!ains Candee; 
 Summerfield, K. Camburn. City of Monroe, 
 first ward. C. Kirchgessner; second ward, M. 
 Phelan ; third ward, John Davis. 
 
 1870 -Ash, Richard Gilmore ; Bedford, J. J. 
 Sumner; Dundee, Delos Wilcox; Erie,C. Hertz- 
 ler; Exeter, H. B. Welch; Frenchtown, Geo. 
 R. Hurd; Ida, Nathaniel Langdon; LaSalle, J. 
 D. Conlisk; London, Nathan Stuart; Monroe, 
 Emer.son Choate; Milan, F. Mead ; Raisinville, 
 Charles Pitts; Whiteford, Cains Candee; Sum- 
 merfield, Wm. Corbin. City of Monroe, first 
 ward,C. Kirchgessner; second wai-d, .1. Stevens; 
 third ward, John Davis. 
 
 1.S71- Ash, Levi B, Littlefield ; Bedford, J. .1. 
 Sumner: Dundee, Delos Wilcox; Erie, C. Hertz- 
 ler; Exeter, H. B. Welch; Frenchtown, George 
 R. Hurd ; Ida, Nathaniel Langdon ; LaSalle, J. 
 D. Conlisk ; London, H. Palmer; Monroe, Emer- 
 son Choate ; Milan, D. T. Ilazen ; Raisinville, 
 Frank Jackson; Whiteford, Cains Candee; 
 Summerfield, George Peters. City of Monroe, 
 first ward, <-. Kirchgessner ; second ward, J. 
 Stevens; third ward, Thomas Doyle. 
 
 1872— Ash, Levi B. Littlefield; Bedford, J. J. 
 Sumner ; Dundee, Delos Wilcox ; Erie, C. Hertz- 
 Icr ; Exeter, H. B. Welch: Frenchtown, Geo. 
 R. Hurd ; Ida, M. Freidenburg ; LaSalle, Lucian 
 B. Miller; London, Albert Bond ; Monroe, 
 Emerson Choate; Milan, Moses J. Howe; 
 
 Raisinville, Samuel McFetridge ; Whiteford, 
 Cains Candee; Summei-field, George Peters. 
 City of Monroe, first ward, August Gershke; 
 second ward, C. Luce; third ward, Thomas 
 Doyle. 
 
 ASn TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1873 TO ISSS INCLl'SIVE. 
 
 1873 — Supervi.sor, John L. Hood; clerk, 
 Vincent E. Bnri'oughs; treasurer, Robert 
 Stumm. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, John L. Hood; clerk, 
 Vincent E. Burroughs; treasurer, Robert 
 Stumm ; justice of the peace, Joseph B. Crane. 
 
 1875— Supervisor, John L. Hood ; clerk, John 
 Gorman ; treasurer, Robert Stumm ; justice of 
 the peace, Hugh McKenzie. 
 
 1870 — Supervisor, Benj. McLaughlin; clerk, 
 Alfred McCoUum ; treasurer, Robert Stumm ; 
 justice of the peace, William Oaks. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Levi B. Littlefield ; clerk, 
 Alfred McCollum ; treasurer, Robt. McKenzie ; 
 justice of the peace, John Clark. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Robert Stumm: clerk, 
 Wesley Robinson ; treasurer, Cash D. Fuller: 
 justice of the peace, Wm. C. Lewis. 
 
 1879 — Supervisor, Robert Stumm; clerk, 
 Alfred McCollum ; treasurer, Robt. McKenzie; 
 justice ofthe peace, Hugh McKenzie, 
 
 1880— Supervisor, Benj. Mcl^aughlin ; clerk, 
 Alfred McCollum : treasurer, Robt. McKenzie; 
 justice ofthe peace, V. E. Burroughs. 
 
 1881— Supervisor, Levi B. Littlefield; clerk, 
 Alfred McCollum; treasurer, Hubert Spicer : 
 justice of the peace, John Clark. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Alfred McCollum; clerk, 
 Gustavus Brandis; treasurer, Hubert Spicer; 
 justice of the peace, Harrison Baker. 
 
 1883 — Supervisor, Alfred McCollum ; clerk. 
 Gustavus Brandis; treasurer, Wm. D. House; 
 justice ofthe peace, Hugh McKenzie. 
 
 1884— Supervisor, John L. Hood : clerk. John 
 A. Streit ; treasurer, Wm. L. House; justice of 
 the peace, Vincent E. Burroughs. 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, John L. Hood ; clerk, John 
 A. Streit; treasurer, Charles Riley: ju,stice of 
 the peace, Gustavus Brandis. 
 
 1886 — Sujjervisor, John L. Hood; clerk. 
 Porter Eighmey; treasurer, Charles Riley; 
 justices ofthe peace, Harrison Bakei-. Thos. E. 
 Allen. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor, John L. Hood: clerk, 
 Frank L. Edwards ; treasurer, Russell A. 
 Johnson ; justice of the peace, James F. Barrey. 
 
 i 
 
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 271 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, Jolin L. Hood; fleiU, 
 Charles Depiii; treasurer, Eugene Armstrong; 
 school inspector. James Daley; justice of tlic 
 peace, Milton Artlcy; highway commissioner. 
 Enoch Lang; constables, .Tohii John.soii, Joseph 
 Doty. Nathan Turner, Samuel Wallace, jr. 
 
 IIICKI.IX TOWSSIIII' OI-FICERS, l.S7:i TO 1888 INCH SIVE. 
 
 1S78 —Supervisor, Pred'k Niedemeicr; clerk, 
 Geo. Martin, jr.; trea.suier, Alex. Iiusseau ; 
 justice of the peace. Jas. J. Soleau. 
 
 1S74 — Supervi-sor, P'red'k Niedemeicr ; clerk, 
 Geo. Martin, jr.; treasurer, Alex. Kiisseau; 
 justice of the peace. Josiah Young. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, Geo. Bathgate; clerk, Geo. 
 ^tartin,jr.; treasurer, Robert P. Navarre; justice 
 of the peace, David Larabell. 
 
 1876 — Supervisor, Geo. Bathgate; clerk, Robt. 
 Francisco; treasurer, Robert 1*. Navai're; justice 
 of the peace, Alex. Russeau. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Robt. N. Francisco; clerk, 
 Moses D. Trombley ; treasurer, Robert P. 
 Navarre ; justice of the peace, Hiram Goff, 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Robt. N. F"rancisco ; clerk, 
 Moses D. Trombly ; trcasurei-, Robert P. Na- 
 varre; justices of the peace, Frank Allen, Edwin 
 Crook. 
 
 187".t — Supervisor. Augustus Niedemeicr; 
 clerk, Sam'l Lapoint; treasurer, Geoi-ge Strong; 
 justices of the peace, David Larabell, James J. 
 Soleau. 
 
 18S0 — .Supervisor. .Vugustus Niedemeicr: 
 clei-k, Sam'l Lapoint; treasurer, Geo. Strong; 
 justice of the peace, Alex. Russeau. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Augustus Niedemeicr; 
 clerk, Antbony Gee; treasurer, Jno. K. Gard- 
 ner: justices of the peace, Irving T. Han ley, 
 Louis Montrj-. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Augustus Niedemeicr: 
 clerk, Geo. Strong ; treasurer, Edwin W. Crook; 
 jiistices of the peace, Fi-ancis .Mien. John W. 
 Ward. 
 
 188H — Supervisor, Augustus Niedemeicr: 
 clerk. Edwin W. Crook; treasurer, Eli Loranger; 
 justices of the peace, Moses S. Trombly. 
 Eustache Bondy. 
 
 1884 — Supervisor, Augustus Niedemeicr: 
 clerk, G. Bondy: treasurer. Eli Loranger; justice 
 of the peace. Abraham Blanchett. 
 
 188.^ — Supervisor, Eli Bronchan : clerk. G. 
 Bond}- ; treasurer. Robt. P. Navarre : justices 
 of the peace, Moses D. Trombley. George W. 
 Shippie. 
 
 188(5 — Supervisor. HIi Bronchan; clerk. 
 Aaron Gambee ; treasurer. Robt. P. Navarre ; 
 justices of the peace, Garret Vrieland, B. Bulger. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor. Eli Bi'onchan ; clerk. Den- 
 nis Bondy; treasui-cr, Eli Loranger; justice of 
 the peace, Eustache Bond}-. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, Eli Bronchan; clerk, Den- 
 nis Bondy; treasurer, Eli Loi'anger; school in- 
 spector, Chas. L. Trombly; justice of the peace, 
 George Martin; highwaj' commissioner, John 
 B. Ragle; constables, Fred Laflan, Win. Bach- 
 gatc, Peter Beaubien, Albert Flint. 
 
 TO«X OK BEDFORD OKKICEltS, 1S73 TO 1888 I.N'CI.ISIVE. 
 
 1873 — Supervisor, Obcd Smith ; clerk, Jo.seph 
 R.Rogers; treasurer. Madison Butler; justice 
 of the peace, Wm. S. Tuttle. 
 
 1874— Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edw. W. Mead; treasurer, Shubael Lewis; 
 justice of the peace, Jno. P. Richardson. 
 
 1875— Supervisor, Obed Smith ; clerk, Joseph 
 R.Rogers; treasurer, Madison Butler ; justice 
 of the peace, J. W. Jennej'. 
 
 187() — SujJervisor, Obed Smith ; clerk, Geo. 
 B. Brown; treasurer, Madison Butler; justice 
 of the peace, Edward Rawson. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Obed Smith; clerk, Joseph 
 R. Rogers; treasurer, Madison Butler; justice 
 of the peace, Jas. H. Hitchcock. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Obed .Smith ; clerk, Joseph 
 R. Rogers ; treasurer, Madison Butler ; justice 
 of the peace, W. S. Tuttle. 
 
 1879 - Supervisor, Obed Smith ; clerk, J. W. 
 Vaughn; treasurer, Alson Green ; justice of the 
 peace, Theophilus Osgood. 
 
 1880— Supervisor, .John J. Sumnei'; clerk, 
 Obed Smith: treasurer, Joseph R. Rogers; 
 justice of the peace, Josiah C. Corell. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Obed Smith ; clerk, Joseph 
 R. Rogers ; treasurer, Samuel H. Weeks ; justice 
 of the peace, Josiah C. Corell. 
 
 1882 — Supervi.sor, Josejib R. Rogers: clerk, 
 Arthur 0, Kcnney ; treasure!-, Madison Butler; 
 justice of the peace. Ezra J. Hungerford. 
 
 1883 — Supervisor. Joseph R. Rogers; clerk, 
 Arthur O. Kcnney; treasurer, Madison Butler; 
 justice of the peace, John J, Sumner. 
 
 1884 -Supervisor, Joseph R.Rogers; clerk, 
 Arthur 0. Kcnney ; treasurer, Elwood Jenne\ ; 
 justice of the peace, Jas, H. Hitchcock. 
 
 1885— Sujiervisor. Josejjh R. Rogers; clerk, 
 Silas P. Butler ; treasurer, Elwood Jenney ; 
 justice of the peace, Edward Rawson, 
 
272 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 188(i — Supervisor, Joseph E. Eogers ; clerk, 
 Arthur O. Kenney; treasurer, William Dun- 
 bar ; justice ol the peace, Roger Willard. 
 
 1887— Supervisor, Joseph E. Rogers; clerk, 
 George J. Eiseiiinaii ; treasurer, William Dun- 
 bar; justice of the peace, Heman Bristol. 
 
 1888--Supervisor, Obed Smith; clerk, Austin 
 B. Tuttle; treasurer, Silas P. Butler; school in- 
 spector, John B. Sillier; justice of the jjeace, 
 James S. Hitchcock; highway commissioner, 
 Edmund Dull. 
 
 TOWN OK DUNDEE OFFICERS, 1.S73 TO 1 HSS INCLUSIVE. 
 
 1873— Supervisor, Delos F. Wilcox ; clerk, 
 John J. Munger ; treasurer, John T. Joimson ; 
 justice of the peace, Joseph Parker. 
 
 1874— Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson: clerk, 
 Geo. D. Babcock ; treasurer, John T. Johnson ; 
 justice of the peace, Lewis M. McBride. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, Delos D. Wilcox ; clerk, 
 Geo. D. Babcock; treasurer, John II Owen; 
 justice of the peace, Alfred Wilkinson. 
 
 1876 — Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson; clerk, 
 Geo. D. Babcock ; treasurer, Henry Voglesang; 
 justice of the peace, John H. Owen. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson; clerk, 
 Geo. D. Babcock; treasurer, John H.Owen; 
 justice of the peace, Melvin Lathrop. 
 
 1878— Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson; clerk, 
 Henry A. Stewart; treasurer, John H. Owen; 
 justice of the peace, Daniel H. Corell. 
 
 1879— Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson; clerk, 
 Henry A. Stewart; treasurer, Judson B. Jolin- 
 son ; justice of the peace, Nathaniel Duston. 
 
 1880— Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson; cleric, 
 Henry A. Stewart; treasurer, Judson B. John- 
 son ; justice of the peace, John H. Owen. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Albert J. Wilkinson; clerk, 
 Henry A. Stewart; treasurer, Judson B. John- 
 son ; justice of the peace, Charles S. Ingersoll. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Albert J.Wilkinson ; clerk, 
 Wm. Clute ; treasurer, Lucian B. Smith ; justice 
 of the peace, Daniel H. Corell. 
 
 1883— Supervisor, Andrew Jcnnc)-; clerk, 
 Wm. Clute; treasurer, Lucian B. Smith ; justice 
 of the peace, X. W. Duston., 
 
 188-1— Supervisor, Andrew Jennc}- ; clerk, 
 Wm. Clute; treasurer, John F. Slaj'ton ; justice 
 of the peace, Truman Gee. 
 
 1885— Supervisor, Andrew Jenney; clerk, 
 Wra. Clute; treasurer, Benj. H. Hendricks; 
 justice of the peace, Henry Watling. 
 
 188(i — Supervisor, Horace A. Wilkinson; 
 
 clerk, Wm. Clute; treasurer, Benj. H. Hen- 
 dricks ; justice, of the peace, Daniel A. Corell. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor, Horace A. Wilkinson ; 
 clerk, Wm. Clute; treasurer. William H. Pulver; 
 justice of the peace, .John H. Owen. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, Horace A. Wilker.'^on; 
 clerk, Norton B. Spauldinj^; treasurer, Wm. H. 
 Culver; school inspector, Lucian B. Smith; 
 justice of the peace, Henry A. Stewart; high- 
 way commissioner, Daniel Smith; constables, 
 Foster Ostrander, Jerome B. Galloway, Nelson 
 J. Carney, Abram H. Johnson. 
 
 TOWNSHIP OFFICEIiS OF ERIE, 1873 TO 1888 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 1873 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler ; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs; treasurer, Dominique E. Robert; 
 justice of the peace, Geo. B. Smith. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs; treasurer. Dominique B. Robert; 
 justice of the peace. Christian Santschi. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs; treasurer, Victoi- A. Dusseau ; justice 
 of the peace, Thos. J. Thompson. 
 
 187(5 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs; treasuroi-, Victor A. Dusseau ; justice 
 of the peace, John Hall. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs ; treasurer, W. W. Delphi ; justice of 
 the peace, J. M. Wigton. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzlei'; clerk, 
 Eli .Tacobs ; treasurer. Reed M. Brigham ; justice 
 of the peace. Christian Santsclu. 
 
 187H —Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs ; treasurer, Reed M. Brigham ; justice 
 ot the peace, Geo. B. Smith. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs; treasurer, Isadore C. Cousino; 
 justice of the jieace, Moses A. Lapoint. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Eli Jacobs; treasurer. Reed M. Brigham; justice 
 of the peace, Francis C. Lavoy. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Maurice Weil ; treasurer, Sam'l S. Lapointe ; 
 justice of the peace, Edwai'd W. Hilton, 
 
 1883 — Supervisor, Christian Hertzler; clerk, 
 Maurice Weil; treasurer, Sam'l S. Lapointe; 
 justice of the peace, Francis F. Smith. 
 
 1884 — Supervisor, Sam'l S. Lapointe; clerk, 
 Maurice Weil ; treasurer, Edward H. Hilton ; 
 justice of the peace, Victor D. Dusseau. 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, Sam'l S. Lapointe; clerk, 
 Maurice Weil; treasurer, Edward H. Hilton; 
 justice of the peace, Francis Lavoy. 
 
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 27a 
 
 lSS6--Siipervisoi', Sam'l S. Lapoiiile : clerk, 
 Maurice Weil ; treasure)-, Isadore C. Cousino; 
 justice of the peace, Cyrus Bradford. 
 
 I8S7— Supervisor, Sam'l S. Lapointe; clerk, 
 Maurice Weil ; treasurer, Edward W. Hilton ; 
 justice of the jjcace, Peter Jacobs. 
 
 ISSS — Supervisor, Peter Drabick; clerk, 
 Cornelius Drouillard; treasurer, Bdw. W. Hil- 
 ton; school inspector, Frank N. Campbell; 
 justice of the peace, Victor A. Dusseau; liigli- 
 way commissioner, Dennis Iiavo\'; constables, 
 Samuel Woolen, John Manore. Christo])licr 
 Morin, David Kinsoy. 
 
 TOWXSHIl' orFICEUS OK E.XETEK, 1S73 Tu 1S8S INCI.l Sl\ K. 
 
 1873 — Supervisor, Henry B. Welch ; clerk, 
 Eobert VanKleek; treasurer, Jos. Klutz; justice 
 of the peace, Ijuke Dunn. 
 
 1874 — Suj^ervisor, John Murphy, jr.; clerk, 
 Pati'ick Corris^an ; treasurer, Wm. F. Fulcher; 
 justice of the ]>eace, Matthew Burns. 
 
 1S75— Supervisor, John Murphy, jr.; clerk, 
 Patrick Corrigan ; treasurer, Wm. F. Fulcher; 
 justice of the peace, John A. Paltee. 
 
 1S76— Supervisor, John Murphy, jr.; clerk, 
 John Riley; treasurer, Wm, F. Fulcher; justice 
 of the peace, F'erdinand Ma^-nes. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, John Miirpii)-, jr.; clerk, 
 John Riley; treasurer, Joseph Robert; justice 
 of the peace, Lorenzo Fay. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, John Murphy, jr.; clerk, 
 John Rilej-; treasurer, Joseph Robert; justice 
 of the peace, Wm F. Fulcher. 
 
 1879 -Supervisor, John Murpliy. jr.; clerk, 
 W}n. F. Fulcher; treasurer, Joseph Robert; 
 justice of the ]ieace, Phillip Miller. 
 
 188(1— Supervisor, Joiin Murphy, jr.; clerk, 
 John Riley ; treasurer, Charles Riley ; justice of 
 the peace, Charles Happy. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Ijuke Dunn; clerk-. Joliu 
 Riley; treasurer, Charles Riley ; justice of the 
 peace, Lorenzo Faj\ 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, i>uke Dunn ; clerk, John 
 Riley; treasurer, Michael Cunningham ; justice 
 of the peace, R. C. Herkimer. 
 
 1883— Supervisor, John Murphy; clerk, Wm. 
 F. Fulcher: treasure)', Michael Cunni)ighatn ; 
 justice of the peace, Lanibert Wcss. 
 
 1884— Supervisoiv John Murphy; clerk, Wtn. 
 F. Fulcber; treasu)'or, Joseph Robert; justice 
 of the peace, Chas. Angener. 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, JoIdi Mui-phy; clerk, 
 
 Daniel Haslej-, jr.; treasurer, Joseph Robert ; 
 justice of the peace, Justin Sissing. 
 
 lS8(i— Supervisor, John Murphy ; cici-k, 
 Daniel Hasley, jr.; treasurer, Matthew Burns; 
 justice of the peace, John Ward. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor, Ta)kc Dunt) ; clo'k, John 
 Riley; treasurer, Matthew Hums; justice of 
 the peace, John Wilson. 
 
 1S88 — Supervisor. Luke Duiiti; cleik, John 
 Riley; trcasu)-er, Ignat Ilort'man; school i)ispcc- 
 to)'. Tlio.s. Nolan; justice of the peace, Charles 
 Angener; highway cotnmissioncr, Fe)"di)iand 
 Uofftnan; constables, Hen)-y Martin, Win. Law- 
 ler. Charles Rivers, Jonas Boiiatn. 
 
 i))A TowNsnii 
 
 )I-KIIF.RS, IS74 TO l.SSS I.NCLl-SIViC. 
 
 1S74 — Supe)-viso)-, Nathaniel Langdon; clerk, 
 Joseph Riley; t)'easurer, Har)non Gardner; 
 justice of the jieace, Boij. Southwick. 
 
 187.1 — Supervisor, Sitneon Van Aiken ; clerk, 
 James Ricliardso)); treasurer, Wm. McFetridge; 
 justice of the peace, K. Daigo)i. 
 
 187(5— Supe)-viso)-, Si)iieon Van Aiken ; clerk, 
 Ja)nes Richardson; treasurer, Wm. McFet)-idge; 
 justice of the peace, Adam Shi)'e. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Geo)'ge Willaril : clc)-k, 
 Peter P. Rilej'; ti-oasurer, Herman Gestner ; 
 justice of the peace, Sylvester Snell. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Simeon Van Aiken ; clerk, 
 James Richardson; treasu)'e)-, Hertuan (iesttier; 
 justice of the peace, Charles Streeter. 
 
 1870 —Supervisor, Simeon Van Aiken ; cio-k-. 
 Janies Richardson ; treasurer, Herman (Jeslner; 
 justice of the peace, Jo.seph Teal. 
 
 1,S80 — Supervisor, Situeo)! Vatt Aiken; clerk, 
 Joh)i Martin; treasurer, Wm. Rcssler ; ju,sticc 
 of the peace, A. 11. King. 
 
 1881— Supervisor, Nathaniel Langdoti; clo'k, 
 Jo.seph E. Gilday; treasm-cr, Wni. Rcssler; 
 justice of the peace, Stnith Todd. 
 
 1882 — Superviso)', Nathaniel Langdon; clo'k, 
 Joseph E. Gilday, treasure)-, Jos. J. Riley; 
 justice of the peace, Charles T. Sli'ceter. 
 
 1883 — Sitpervisor, Nathaniel Langdon; clerk, 
 Joseph E. Gilday ; treasurer, Jos. J. Riley ; 
 justice of the ])eace, Edwin Moses. 
 
 1884 — Supervisor, Joseph E. Gikla\'; clo-k, 
 George Langdon; treasui-er, Chas. Fciiaur; 
 justice of the peace, Joseph Teal. 
 
 1885- Supervisoi", Jo.seph E. Gilda}'; clerk, 
 George Langdon; treasurer, Chas. Foiau)-; 
 justice of the peace, S)nith Todd. 
 
274 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 1886 — Suporvisor. Joseph E. Gildaj"; clerk, 
 George Langdon ; trcasui-er, Joseph Gilda}' ; 
 justice of the peace, Charles F. Streeter. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor, Joseph E. Gilday ; clerk, 
 Frank B. Gcrvveck ; treasurer, Joseph Gilday ; 
 justice of the peace, Edwin Moses. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, John E. Sykes; clerk, 
 Frank B. Gervvick; Ireasni-er, John Heckel; 
 school ins]3ector, Eli Ganby; justice of the 
 peace, Simeon VanAkiu; highway commis- 
 sioner, Nicholas Weipert; constables, Charles 
 Snell, Augustus Braumlick. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Charles Kirby; treasurer, Peter Dusseau; justice 
 of the peace, Henry Ross. 
 
 lS87--Supervisor, Orrin J. Leonard; clerk, 
 Charles Kirby; treasurer, Clarence L. Miller; 
 justice of the peace, John M. Blouek. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, Ormi J. Leonard; clerk, 
 Chas. E. Kirby; treasurer, Clarence L. Miller; 
 school inspector, Peter P. Kelly; justice of the 
 peace, Jacob Keinhart ; highway commissioner, 
 John X. Kinne; constables, Frank Gagnier, 
 Thos. Duffey. 
 
 1,AS.\LLE TOWN.SIIIP OKFICKRS, 1873 TO 1888 INCLUSIVE. LONDON TOWNSUIl" OFFICERS, 1873 TO 1888 INCLUSIVE. 
 
 1873- Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Chas. Villett; treasurer, John G. Kielil ; justice 
 of the peace, Bonj. T. Green. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief; treasurer, John G. Kiehl ; justice 
 of the jjeace, Thos. Rogers. 
 
 1875 -Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief: treasurer, Neal O'Connor ; justice 
 of the peace. Miles J. Plumb. 
 
 1876 — Supervisor, Dennis Sharkey; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief; treasurer, Neal O'Connor ; justice 
 of the peace, Adam Shire. 
 
 1877- Supervisor, Dennis Sharkey ; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief; treasurer, Neal O'Connor ; justice 
 of the peace, James G. Gilday. 
 
 1878- Supervisor, Dennis Sharkey ; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief; treasurer, Neal O'Connor; justice 
 of the peace, Peter Shire. 
 
 1879 — Supervisor, Johu G. Kiehl ; clerk, John 
 Miller ; treasurer, Peter Dusseau ; justice of the 
 peace, Wm. F. Knapp. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor, John G. Kiehl; clerk, Wm. 
 H.Kief ; treasurer, Peter Dusseau; justiceofthe 
 peace, Miles J. Plumb. 
 
 1881— Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief; treasurer, Neal O'Connor; justice 
 of the peace, James G. Gilday. 
 
 1882— Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kief; treasurer, Neal O'Connor; justice 
 of the peace, Jacob J. Wahl. 
 
 1883 — Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller ; clerk, 
 Wm. H. Kiel'; treasurer, Charles Kiehl; justice 
 of the peace, Alonzo D. Anderson. 
 
 1884— Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller; clerk, 
 Charles Kirby; treasurer, Charles Kiehl; justice 
 of the peace, Pi-ed Ward, 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, Lucien B. Miller ; clerk, 
 Charles Kirby; treasurer, Peter Dusseau; justice 
 of the peace, James B. Gilday. 
 
 1873 — Supervisor, Albert Bond; clerk, Albert 
 McKinney ; treasurer, Hiram Smith ; justice of 
 the peace, James M. Blackmar. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, Albert Bond; clerk, Robert 
 McKinney ; treasurer, Hiram H. Smith ; justice 
 of ihe peace, Hcnr^- 1). Everett. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, Albert Bond; clerk, Robert 
 McKinney ; treasurer, Hiram H. Smith ; justice 
 of the peace, Wells Sprague. 
 
 1876 — Supervisor, Albert Bond : cleric, Mil- 
 ton Snell: treasurer, Charles O. Curtis ; justice 
 of the peace, Henry Palmer. 
 
 1877— Supervisor, Albert Bond ; clerk, James 
 C. Crichett; treasurer, John J. Bunce; justice 
 of the peace, Edmund C. Green. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Albert Bond ; clerk, John 
 W. Griswold ; treasurer, Henry Smith : justice 
 of the peace, Milton W. Snell. 
 
 1879 — Supervisor, Wm. Ostrander; clerk, 
 John W. Griswold ; treasurer, William Worth ; 
 justice of the peace, John Manning. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor, Albert Bond; clerk, John 
 W. Griswold ; treasurer, William Worth: justice 
 of the peace, Henry Palmer. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Albert Bond; clerk, John 
 W. Griswolil ; treasurer, George B. Richards ; 
 justice of the peace, Levi E. White. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Michael Gramlick ; clerk, 
 Donu Barnes; treasurer, George B. Richards; 
 justice of the peace, B. F. Lombard. 
 
 1883— Supervisor, Michael Gramlick ; clerk, 
 Donn Barnes ; treasurer, Thomas C. Howell ; 
 justice of the peace, Daniel T. Devee. 
 
 1884 — Supervisor, Michael Gramlick ; clerk, 
 Geo. B. Richards ; treasurer, N. C. Harwood ; 
 justice of the peace, Charles Dodge. 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, Thomas C. Howard ; clerk, 
 Geo. B. Richards ; treasurer, Donu Barnes ; 
 justice of the peace, Heury Palmer. 
 
TOWNSIiri' OKKlCKkS. 
 
 18S(i — Supervisor, Thomas C. Ilowanl : clerk, 
 Geo. B. Richards; treasurer, Ooiin Harries: 
 justice of tiie peace, Ciias. Farrinifton. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor, Thomas C Howard : cleric, 
 (leo. B. Richards; treasurer, Ijee If. Tafl; 
 justice of the peace, John \V. Griswoid. 
 
 1888— Supervisor. Thos. C. Howard ; clerk, 
 Geo. H. Richards: treasurer, Lee H. Taft; 
 school inspector, ^lilton W. Snell ; justice of 
 the peace, J no. W. Griswoid ; highway commis- 
 sioner, Perry E. Palmer; constables, P^dward C. 
 Green, A. K. Youngs, 11. M. Bedell, John 
 Pool. 
 
 MIL.\N TOWNSHII" OFFK'KKS, 1871? TO 1S8.S I.VCI.USI VE. 
 
 1873 — Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, C. 
 I{. Bcntle\'; treasurer, Shubacl Lewis; justice of 
 the peace, Ed. T. Howe. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, Moses J. IIowo; clerk, 
 Kdgar W. Mead; treasurer, Shubacl Lewis; 
 justice of the peace, John P. Richardson. 
 
 187") -Su|)ervi8or, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edgar W. Mead; treasurer, Jacob G. Hafford ; 
 justice of the peace, Simeon Southwick. 
 
 187G —Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edgar W. Mead; treasurer. Jacob G. Hafford ; 
 justice of the peace, Buckley W. Marble. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edgar W. Mead; treasurer, Moses C. Edwards; 
 justice of the peace, Benjamin J. Bird. 
 
 1878 — Supervi.sor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edgar W. Mead; treasurer-. Win. H. Hack; 
 justice of the peace, Kldarus C. Mead. 
 
 187!> — Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edgar- W. Mead; ti-easurer, XeKson Taylor; 
 justice of the peace, Wm. H. Hack. 
 
 1880 — Supervi.sor, Moses J. Howe ; clerk, 
 Edgar W. Mead; tr-casurcr, Wm. H. Hack; 
 justice of the peace, Buckley Mar-ble. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clork, 
 Edgar W. Mead; ti-easui-ei-, Wm. H. Hack; 
 justice of the peace, Horace H. Allen. 
 
 1882 — Sujiervi.sor, Moses J. Howe; dci-k, 
 Edgar- W. Mead; tr-easurer, Albertus Densmoi-e; 
 justice of the peace, Benj. F. Paine. 
 
 188;^ — Super-visor, Moses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Edgar W. Mead; tr-casirrer, Wm. Lee; justiceof 
 the peace, Peter M. Gettj-. 
 
 1884 — Supervi.sor, Moses J. Howe; clci-k, 
 1'. Jgar W. Mead; ti-easur-er, Wm. Lee; justice of 
 the peace, Bucklej- W. Mar-ble. 
 
 1885— Supervisor, Moses J. Howe; clerk. 
 
 Edgar W. Mead; tr-easur-er, Win. II. Hack; 
 justice of the peace, Horace Allen. 
 
 18StJ -Supervisor, Mo.ses J. Howe; clei-k, 
 Kdgar W. Mead; treasurer, Wm. H. Hack; 
 justice of the peace, Henj. \\ Paine. 
 
 1887 -Supervisor. Mo.ses J. Howe; clerk, 
 Kdgar W. Mead; treasurer, Ferriden Phillips; 
 justice of the peace, Nelson Rice. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, Moses J. Howe, clerk, 
 Pjdgai- W. Mead; tr-easur-er, Ferriden Philli])s; 
 school inspector, Winfield A. Mead; justiceof 
 the peace, Heni-y T. VanWormcr; highway 
 commissioner, Edw. F. McMullen ; constables, 
 David C. Speai-s, Wm. Bidford, Eilward Reeves, 
 Josiali F. Defter-. 
 
 MONUOE TOW.NSrril' OKKKEItS, 1,873 TO 1.SS8 I.NCI.ISIVE. 
 
 1873— Super vi.soi', Emerson Choate; clerk, 
 Ale.x. T. Navarre; ti-easurcr, Mike Brown: 
 justice of the peace, Levi Buck. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, Michael Brown; clerk, 
 Alex. T. Navari-e ; treasurer, George Loranger; 
 justice of the peace, Stephen B Wakefield. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor. Michael Br-owii; clerk, 
 Alex. T. Navarre; treasurer-. Henry Younglove; 
 justice of tlie peace, Heni-y Hei-i-rnan. 
 
 1876 — Supervisor, Michael Brown; clerk, 
 .Mcx. T. Navarre; treasurer, Henry Younglove; 
 justice of the ])eace, John W. Grenning. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Michael Brown; clerk, 
 Alex. T. Navarre ; treasurer, Henry Y'ounglove; 
 justiceof the peace, Addison E. Dunbar. 
 
 1878— Supervisor, Alex. T. Navarre; clerk, 
 .\. K. Dunbar; ireasui-er, Heni-y Younglove; 
 justice of the peace, Peter Hoffman. 
 
 1879 — Supervisor, Alex. T. Navarre; clerk, 
 A. E. Dunbar-; treasui-er, Ileni-y Younglove; 
 justice of the peace, Henry Kcnriman. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor, Alex. T. Navai-re; clerk, 
 A. E. Dunbar; treasurer, Henry Younglove; 
 justice of the peace, Geo. C. W. Grciiriiiig. 
 
 1S81 —Supervisor, Stephen B. Wakefield; 
 clerk, A. 1'^ Dunbar; treasurer, Henry Herr- 
 man, justice of the peace, Thomas Kegan. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Geo. C. Lorangei-; clerk, 
 A. K. Dunbar; treasurer, Charles Haw ; justice of 
 the peace, I^evi Buck. 
 
 1883— Supervisor, Geo. C. Loi-aiigcr-; clerk, 
 A. E. Dunbar; treasui-er, Charles Haw; justice 
 of the peace, Frank C. ('hoate. 
 
 1884 -Siijiervisor, Geo. C. Ijorangcr; clerk, 
 A. E. Dunbar; treasurer, Isaac C. Boweii; 
 justice of the peace, Charles Alban. 
 
276 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 1885--.SuiKTvi.sor, Geo. C. Lorantjcr; clerk, 
 A. E. Dunbar; treasurer, Isaac C. Bovvcn ; 
 justice of the pence, Alex. T. Navarre. 
 
 188(i— Supervisor, Alex. T. Navarre; clerk, 
 A. B. Dunbar; treasurer, Charles Alban; Justice 
 of the peace, Jacob Barringer. 
 
 1887— Supervisor, Geo. C. Loranger; clerk, 
 A. E.Dunbar; treasurer, Charles Alban; justice 
 of the peace, Frank C. Choate. 
 
 1883 — Supervisor, Geo. C. Loranger; clerk, 
 Addison E. Dunbar; treasurer, Isadore G. Na- 
 varre: school inspector, Cornelius Eau; justice 
 of the ])eace, Clias. Albain ; highway commis- 
 sioner, Hugh Gaifany ; constables, Stacy Clark, 
 Philip Duval. 
 
 KAISINVILLH TOWNSmi' llKriC'EES 
 CLUSIVE. 
 
 1.S73 TO LScSS iN- 
 
 1873 — Supervisor, Geo. B. Delong; clerk, Wm. 
 H. Gibson: treasurer, Hiram C. Stoddard; 
 justice of the peace, Corridon Gibson. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor, Geo. B. Delong; clerk, Wm. 
 H. (ribson; treasurer, Walter Hackett; justice of 
 the peace, Wm. Lassc^'. jr. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, Geo. B. Delong; clerk, Wni. 
 II. Gibson; treasurer,Walter Hackett; justice of 
 the peace. Nelson Ambrose. 
 
 1876--Supervisor,Geo. B. Delong; clerk, Wm. 
 H. Gibson; treasurer, Walter Hackett; justice of 
 the peace, Franklin Moses. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Goo. B. Delong; clerk. Win. 
 H. Gibson; trea8urer,Walter Hackett; justice of 
 the peace, Corridon H. Gibson. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Geo.B. Delong; clerk, Wm. 
 II. Gibson; treasurer, Walter Hackett; justice of 
 the peace. Nelson Ambrose. 
 
 1879 — Supervisor, Wm. II. Gibson; clerk, 
 Geo. II. Doty; treasurer, Walter Hackett; 
 justice of the peace, Lewis W. Bond. 
 
 1880— Supervisor, Wm. H. Gibson ; clerk, 
 Jacob Seitz; treasurer, William Wallace ; justice 
 of the peace, Fred'k M. Dowling. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Wm. H. Gibson ; clerk, 
 Jacob Seitz; ti'easurer, John Wallace; justice 
 of the ])eace, Corridon Gibson. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Wm. H. Gibson; clerk, 
 Elias Brii;htbill; treasurer, John Wallace; 
 justice of the peace, Abram Knapp. 
 
 188:^ — Supervisor, Wm. H. Gibson; clerk, 
 Elias Brightbill ; treasurer, Walter Hackett; 
 justice of the peace. Nelson Ambro.sc. 
 
 1884— Sujiervisor, John L. Hunter; clerk. 
 
 Elias Brightbill; treasurer, Walter Hackett; 
 justice of the peace, Joseph D. Weiss. 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, John L. Hunter; clerk, 
 Flias Brightbill; treasurer, Joseph B. Zimmer- 
 man; justice of the peace, John Hendricks. 
 
 188G— Supervisor, John Kimberling; clei-k, 
 Charles Kronowith; treasurer, Joseph B. Zim- 
 merman; justice of the peace, Emery Lindslej'. 
 
 1887 — Supervisor, John Kimberling; clerk. 
 John S. Knapp; treasurer, Leonard Weber; 
 justice of the peace, Lewis W. Bond. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, John Kimberling; clerk, 
 John S. Knapp; treasurer. Leonard Wever ; 
 school inspector, Jesse Wakefield ; justice of the 
 peace, Jacob Meyers; higlnvaj- commissioners, 
 Henry Anvviler. 
 
 SUMMEEFIKLD TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1873 TO 1888 IN- 
 CLUSIVE. 
 
 1873— Supervisor, George Peters; clerk, H. 
 C. McLaughlin; treasurer, C. N. Ellis; justice 
 of the peace, Jas. H. (iage. 
 
 1874- Sujiervisor, James I. Eussell; clerk, 
 H. C. McLaughlin; treasurer, C. N. Ellis; justice 
 of the peace, Henry llogle. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, James I. Eussell; clerk, 
 Eobert L. Gage; trcasurci-, C N. Ellis; justice of 
 the peace, Cyrus Wing. 
 
 1876 - Supervisor. Henry C. McLaughlin; 
 clerk, Robert L. Gage;, treasurer, C. N. Ellis; 
 justice of the peace, Andrew Spalding. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Henry McLaughlin; clerk, 
 Robert L. Gage; treasurer, C. N. Ellis; justice 
 of the peace, James H. Gage. 
 
 1878— Sui^ervisor, Andrew Spalding; clerk, 
 Robert L. Gage; treasurer, Kenneth Gunsolus; 
 justice of the peace, Bcnj. F. Hilton. 
 
 ]879--Supervisor, Chai-les N. Ellis; clerk, 
 Andrew Mather; treasurer, Jerome I'rombly; 
 justice of the peace, Harlow Camburn. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor, Henry C. McLaughlin; 
 clerk, Andrew Mather; treasurer, Jerome Trom- 
 bley; justice of the peace, John N. Tilmore. 
 
 1881— Supervisor, Charles N. Ellis; clerk, 
 Andrew Mather; treasurer, Newton B. Russell; 
 justice of the peace, James U. Gage. 
 
 1882-Supervi.sor, Charles N. Ellis; clerk, 
 Andrew Mather; treasurer, Jerome Trombly; 
 justice of the peace, H. B. Chittenden. 
 
 1883— Supervisor, Charles N. Ellis; clerk, 
 Andrew Mather; treasurer, Jerome Trombly; 
 justice of the peace, Wm. H. Heath. 
 
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 
 
 1884 — Supervisor, Henry C. McLaughlin; 
 clerk. Andrew Mather; treasurer. Hiram B. 
 Ciiittenden ; justice of the peace. John Miller. 
 
 1885 — Supervisor, Danford I). Vannocker; 
 clerk, Andrew Mather ; treasurer. Hiram B. 
 Chittenden; justice of the peace, .lames H. 
 Gage. 
 
 188l> — Supervisoi-. Danlbrd I). Vannocker; 
 clerk, Andrew Mather; trea.surer, Jerome 
 Trombley ; justice of the peace, Geo. C. Saj'ers. 
 
 1887 — .Su])ervi8or. Danford D. Vannocker; 
 clerk, Antlrew Mather; treasurer. Jerome 
 Trombly ; ju.stice of the peace. Charles F. 
 Goodrich. 
 
 1888— Supervisor, D. I). VanXocker; clerk, 
 Eugene 1). Rus.sell ; treasurer, Isaac L. Ellis; 
 school inspector, \Vm. C. Stahl , justice of the 
 peace, Daniel Fisher ; highway commissioner, 
 Edwin C. Cumburn ; constables, Edgar Brun- 
 ningstall, Robert Mears, Joseph Trombly, 
 Frank Plumadore. 
 
 WHITEFORD TOWXsniP OFFICERS, 1.S74 TO 18S7 IX- 
 CLISIVE. 
 
 1874 — Supervisor. C. M. Candee ; clerk. J. il. 
 Ward; treasurer, Miles L. Smith ; justice of the 
 peace. Miles L. Smith. 
 
 1875 — Supervisor, C. M, Candee ; clerk, J. M. 
 Ward; treasurer. Miles L. Smith ; justice of the 
 jH'ace. Christian Robert. 
 
 187t)— Supervisor. Hiram Wakelv; clerk, J. 
 M. Ward; treasurer. Miles L. Smith ; justice of 
 the peace. Roswell W. (irahatn. 
 
 1877 — Supervisor, Hii-am Wakel}'; clerk, J. 
 yi. Ward ; treasurer. Miles L. Smith ; justice of 
 the peace, Anthony Bordeaux. 
 
 1878 — Supervisor, Hiram Wakely; clerk, 
 Edward R. Ilobert; trcasurei-. Miles I;. Smith; 
 justice of the peace. Miles L. Smith. 
 
 1879 — Supervisor. Hiram Wakely; clerk, 
 Edward Hobcrt; treasurer. John Sa.xton ; 
 justice of the peace, Chi-istian Robert. 
 
 1880 — Supervisor. Hiram Wakely; clerk, 
 Levi M. Ward; treasurer, James (J. Saxton; 
 justice of the peace, Wm. 15. Ryns. 
 
 1881 — Supervisor, Hiram Wakel}- ; clerk, 
 George Canen ; treasurer, J. J. Ward; justice 
 of the peace, Anthony Bordeaux. 
 
 1882 — Supervisor, Josiah P. Hall; clerk, 
 George Canen; treasurer. J. J. Ward; justice of 
 the peace. Miles L. Smith. 
 
 1883 — Supervisor, Josiah I'. Hall; clerk. 
 
 George Canen; treasurer, Charles Beiinis; 
 justice of the peace, R. W. Graham. 
 
 1884 — Supervisor, Josiah P, Hall; clerk, 
 <Teorge Canen; treasurer, Charles Bennis: 
 justice of the peace, Jared Ward, 
 
 1885 — Supervisor. Josiah P. Hall; clerk, 
 Clarence Bell; treasui-er. Henry Ostrantler; 
 justice of the peace, Henry Beis. 
 
 1886 — Supervisor, Josiah P. Hall; clerk, 
 Clarence Bell; treasurer, Henry Oslrander; 
 justice of the peace, C. D. Luce. 
 
 1887— Supervisor, Joseph P, Hall; cleik, 
 Clarence Bell; treasurer. Christian Stout; 
 justice of the peace. R. W. (irahani. 
 
 1888 — Supervisor, Josiah Hall; clerk, Lewis 
 Young ; treasurer, Christian Stout; school in- 
 spector, Jared Ward. 
 
 StPERVISORS ELECTED IX AI'ItlL, ISSO. 
 
 Ash, Robert Stumm. Bedford, Arthur O. 
 KillneJ^ Berlin, Eli Bronclian. Dundee, 
 Horace A. Wilkerson. Erie, Peter Trabick. 
 Frenchtown, Alexandei- Campau. Ida, John 
 !•]. S3'kcs. LaSalle,Orrin J. Leonard. London, 
 Thomas E. Howard. Milan, Moses J. Howe. 
 Monroe, George C. lioranger. Raisinville, 
 Joseph B. Zimmerman. Summcrfield, D. D. 
 VanNocker. Whitcford, Josiah Hall. 
 
 MONROE UOUXTV OFKICKHS, 1.S42-8.S. 
 
 1842 — Sheriff, Jefferson S. Bond. County 
 clerk, Carlos Colton. Treasurer, Harr}^ V. 
 Man. Register of deeds, James E. Skinner. 
 Surve3'or, Samuel M. Bartlett. 
 
 1844— Sheriff, James McBiide. ("lerk, Carlos 
 Colton. Treasurer, Harry V. Man. Register 
 of deeds, James E. .Skinner. Ju<lgc of ])robate, 
 fyaurent Durocher, Surveyor, Harmon Allen. 
 
 1846— Sheriff, James McBride. Clerk, Carlos 
 Colton. Treasurer, Hariy V. Man. Register 
 of deeds, James E. Skinner. Survej'or, James 
 Barber. 
 
 1848— Sheriff, Fra/.cy M. Winans. Clerk, 
 Titus Babcock. Treasurer, Henj. F. Fifield. 
 Register of deeds, John T. Gilbert. Judge of 
 probate, Daniel S. Bacon. Survej'or, Robert 
 Talford. 
 
 1850 — Prosecuting attorney, Junius Tildeii. 
 Sheriff, Jas. McBride. Clerk, I>aurent Durocher. 
 Treasurer, Benj. F. Fifield. Register of deeds, 
 Seba Murphy, Surveyor, Harmon Allen. 
 
278 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 1852 — Prosecuting iittorucy, Junius Tildcii. 
 Sheriff, Jas. McBi-ide. Clerk, Jas. E. Skinner. 
 Treasurer, Seba Murjjjiy. Jiegister of deeds, 
 Constant Luce. Judge of probate, Laurent 
 Durocher. Surveyor, Harmon Allen. 
 
 185) — Prosecuting attorney, Hiram P. A'roo- 
 inan. Sheriff, Henry B. Marvin. Clerk, Jas. 
 E. Skinner. Treasurer, Seba Murphy. Eegis- 
 terof deeds. Constant TjUcc. Surveyor, Nathan 
 Hubble. 
 
 1850— Sheriff, Silas W. Eaton. County clerk, 
 Titus Babcock. Register of deeds, William 
 Vail Miller. County treasurer, John T. Gil- 
 bert. Judge of probate, Alexander D. Ander- 
 son. Prosecuting attorney, Franklin Johnson. 
 Circuit court commissioner, Titus Babcock. 
 County surveyor, Harmon Allen. Coroners, 
 Arvin W. Potter, Eli Valiquett. 
 
 1858— Sheriff, Henry B. Marvin. County 
 clerk, Titus Babcock. Register of deeds, Con- 
 stant Luce. Treasui'cr, John T. Gilbert. Judge 
 of probate, Alexander I). Anderson. Prosecut- 
 ing attorney, Fi-anklin Johnson. Circuit court 
 commissioner, Titus Babcock. Surveyor, Rob"t 
 Talford. Coroners, Arvin W. Potter, Benj. W. 
 Latham. 
 
 ISGO — Judge of probate, Franklin Johnson. 
 Sheriff, Henry B. Marvin. Treasurer, George 
 Landon. Clerk, Frank B. Clark. Register of 
 deeds, John M. Oliver. Circuit court com- 
 missioner, Alexander D. Anderson. Surveyor, 
 Harmon Allen. Prosecuting attorney, Edwin 
 Willetts. 
 
 18G2— Sheriff, William Dunbar. Treasurer, 
 Gouverneur Morris. Clerk, Stephen G. Clark. 
 Register of deeds, Thomas Doyle. Circuit 
 court commissioner, Alexander D. Anderson. 
 Surveyor, Nathan Hubble. Pro.secuting attor- 
 nej% Frank Raleigh. 
 
 18(i4— Judge of probate, Talcott K. Wing. 
 Sheriff, William Dunbar. Treasurer, Philip J. 
 Loranger. Clerk, Stejihen G. Clark. Register 
 of deeds, Thomas Doyle. Circuit court com- 
 missioner, Charles Toll. Surveyor, Addison E. 
 Dunbar. Prosecuting attorney, Frank Raleigh. 
 
 18G8— Judge of probate, Gouverneur Morris. 
 Sheriff, Philip Nadcau. Treasurer, Benjamin 
 Curtis. Clerk, James J. Donohoe. Register of 
 deeds, Constant Luce. Circuit court commis- 
 sioners, Elam Willard and Gouverneur Morris. 
 Surveyor, Addison E. Dunbar. Prosecuting 
 attorney, Wra. A. Rafter. 
 
 1870— Sheriff', Philip Nadeau. Treasurer, 
 
 AmosHicock. Clerk, James J. Donohoe. Reg- 
 ister of deeds. Constant Luce. Circuit court 
 commissioners, Elam Willard and Gouv'r Mor- 
 ris. Surveyor, Addison E. Dunbar. Prosecut- 
 ing attorne}-, Wm. A. Rafter. 
 
 1S72— Judge of probate, Otis A. Critchett. 
 ."sheriff, Tjlewellin E. Wooden. Treasurer, John 
 L. C Godfroy. Clerk, James J. Donohoe. 
 Jiegister of deeds, Charles F. Gruner. Circuit 
 court commissioners, Edwin Willetts and Bur- 
 ton Parker. Surveyor, Delos F. Wilcox. Pros- 
 ecuting attorney, Joseph D. Ronan. 
 
 1874 — Sheriff,Llewellin Wooden. Treasurer, 
 Fred'k Niedemier. Clerk, Edw. R. Gilday. 
 Register of deeds, Frank B. Clark. Circuit 
 court commissioners, Elam Willard and H. 
 Shaw Noble. Surveyor, Samuel M. Bartlett. 
 Prosecuting attorney, Joseph D. Ronan. 
 
 1876— Judge of probate, Rufus E. Pliinney. 
 Sheriff, John J. Ellis. Treasurer, Frederick 
 Niedemier. Clerk, PMw. R. Gilday. Register 
 of deeds, Frank B. Clark. Circuit court com- 
 missioners, Chas. A. Golden and H. Shaw 
 Noble. Surveyor, Fred G. Bulkley. Prosecut- 
 ing attorney, Geo. M. Landon. 
 
 1878 — Sheriff, John J. Ellis. Treasurer, 
 Fred'k Niedemier, Clerk, Pati-ick Matthews. 
 Register of deeds, Frank B. Clark. Circuit 
 court commissioners, Ira A. Nadeau and O. E. 
 Augstman. Surve3-or, Fred G. Bulkley. Pros- 
 ecuting attornej', Geo. M. Landon. 
 
 1880 — Judge of probate, Rufus E. Phinney. 
 Sheriff, Geo. H. Ellis. Treasurer, Alex. G. 
 Navarre. Clerk, Patrick Matthews. Register 
 of deeds, Edw. Raeder. Circuit court commis- 
 sioners, Ira A. Nadeau and Ira G Humphrey. 
 Surveyor, Samuel M. Bartlett. Prosecuting 
 attorney, Edw. R. Gilday. 
 
 1882 - Sheriff, Geo. H. Ellis. Treasurer, Alex, 
 G. Navarre. Clerk, Patrick Matthews. Reg- 
 ister of deeds, Thurlow Strong. Circuit court 
 commissioners, Wm. T. Soleau and Ira G. 
 Humphrey. Surveyor, Willis Baldwin. Pros- 
 ecuting attorney, Edw. R. Gilday. 
 
 1884 Judge of probate, George M. Landon. 
 Sheriff", Job C. Eaton. Treasurer, Augustus 
 Niedemier. Clerk, Patrick Matthews. Reg- 
 ister of deeds, Thurlow Strong. Circuit court 
 comissioners, Wm. T. Soleau and Alonzo Brag- 
 don. Surveyor, Willis Baldwin. Prosecuting 
 attorney, Chas. A. Golden. 
 
 1886 — Sheriff, Job C. Eaton. Treasurer, 
 Augustus Niedemier. Clerk, John W, Bell- 
 
 i 
 
COUNTY OFFICERS. 
 
 279 
 
 mier. Register of deeds, Thurlow Strong, Addison K. Dunbar. Slu'rifl, J.,Hoi.h S llili„n 
 
 Circuit, court commissioners, Wm. T. Soleau Clerk, Charles II. Caldwell. Treasurer Walter 
 
 and Alonzo Bragdon. Surveyor, Willis Bald- Kackett. Register of deeds, Geor-re Crow 
 
 win. Prosecuting attorney, Chas A. Golden. Prosecuting attorney, Sewell Baker Surveyor' 
 
 Coroners Victor A. Dus.seau. John Davis. Willis Haldwin. Circuit court conmussioners! 
 
 1888-Judge of circuit court, twenty-second John P. Jaminet and Alonzo H Bragdon 
 
 district, Kdwm 1). Kinne. Ju.lgc of probate, Coroners, John 15. llaynes, Benj. J. Adams 
 
CHAPTER XXII. 
 
 niOOKAPIIICAI, SKETCHES OF UNITED STATES SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 JAMES McMILL.VN, 
 
 OF Detroit, was born in Hamilton, Ontario, 
 May IS, 18.38. He received a thorough 
 English education in the Hamilton Grammar 
 School. He passed four years in a retail hard- 
 ware establishment in that city. From thence 
 he came to Detroit, and spent two j^ears in the 
 wholesale hardware house of Buhl & Ducharme. 
 Leaving that establishment he became succes- 
 sively purchasing agent of the Detroit and 
 Milwaukee Railway, a railroad contractor's 
 agent, again purchasing agent of the Detroit 
 and Milwaukee Railway, and in 1864 com- 
 menced bis phenomenally successful career as 
 a manufacturer, by founding, with others, the 
 Michigan Car Company, from which have 
 sprung numerous other enterprises, until now 
 he is the head and front of manufacturing 
 establishments which employ over three thou- 
 sand men the year round, and do a business 
 aggregating from five to seven millions of dol- 
 lars annually. He is also heavily interested in 
 Michigan railroads, being president of the 
 Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Kailroail, and 
 a director of other roads. 
 
 Mr. McMillan was married in 1860 to Miss 
 Mary L. Wetmore. He has four sons and one 
 daughter living. His beautiful residence in 
 Detroit is adorned with choice works of art, 
 and hospitality dwells therein. He has traveled 
 o.Ktcnsivelv, both in this country and in Europe. 
 
 Mr. McMillan has always been a staunch Re- 
 publican, and has been actively engaged in 
 politics for tlie last twelve years, serving two 
 terms as chairman of the Republican State Cen- 
 
 tral Committee. In January, 1889, he was 
 nominated by acclamation for United States 
 Senator bj- the joint Republican caucus, and 
 the Legislature elected him on the first ballot 
 to succeed Thomas W. Palmer for the full term 
 of six years from March 4, 1889. 
 
 *For biographical sketches of Hon. Alpheus Felch 
 and of Hon. Isaac P. Christiancy, United States Sena- 
 tors from Monroe county, see pages 248 and 246. 
 
 For biographical sketches of Hon. Robert McClel- 
 land and Hon. David A. Noble, members of the 
 United States House of Reprjsenatives from Con- 
 gressional district embracing Monroe county, see 
 pages 245 and 250. 
 
 [280] 
 
 FRANCIS B. STOCKBKIDGE, 
 
 Of Kalamazoo, was liorn in the town of Bath, 
 Maine, April 9, 1826. When sixteen years of 
 age he left his native place and went to Boston, 
 and was employed as a mercantile clerk. Ho 
 is of English origin, his great-great-grandfather 
 having been a member of the Plymouth colony, 
 though not of the Mayflower party. When Mr. 
 Stockbridge was only sixteen years old his 
 school advantages ceased, and he began his 
 struggle, penniless and alone, in the great 
 New England metropolis. He remained in 
 Boston five years, when in 1847 he went to 
 Chicago and commenced business in a small 
 way as a dealer in lumber. Three years later 
 he began manufacturing lumber in Allegan 
 count}', and continued in this business twenty- 
 four years. In 1859 he formed a partnership 
 with Otis R. Johnson. He is now part owner 
 of the lumber mills on Cxreen Bay, with head- 
 (juartersat Menominee ; president of the Mack- 
 inaw Lumber Companj', having mills at St. 
 Ignace, and president of the Black River Lum- 
 ber Company, mills at Gilchrist, Michigan. 
 His mining interests are with the Lumber- 
 man's Mining Company, at Iron Mountain, 
 Michigan, and the Crescent silver mines at 
 Park City, Utah. With Senator Palmer, Jay 
 Hubbell, W. A. Moore, of Detroit, and seven 
 others, he is owner of 100,000 acres of pine in 
 Mississippi ; and with ex-Governor Alger and 
 O. R. Johnson owns the Fort Bragg Redwood 
 Lumber Company, of Fort Bragg, California. 
 Besides these great interests Mr. Stockbridge 
 is also president of the Kalamazoo Spring and 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 281 
 
 Axle Company, ami with Mr. S. A. Browne, of 
 Kalamazoo, Mr. Stockbriiige is engaged in 
 hreeiling thorouglibred trotting and roadster 
 liorse.s at the Kalamazoo Stock Kami. 
 
 Senator Stockbridge has alway.s been an 
 anient Hepublican of Whig extraction, and 
 received tlic title of colonel from a position 
 which he occupied on (iovcrnor Hlair's staff. 
 Ill 18()S he was elected Representative, and the 
 ne.xt election advanced to the Senate. In 1876 
 he was proflerod by President (irant the jiosi- 
 tion of Minister to the Hague, but diplomatic life 
 not being to his liking, this was declined. In 
 isi;:} Mr. Stockbridge married Miss Hossic 
 Arnold, of (iun Plain. Allegan county, whose 
 father came to Michigan from Vermont in 1831). 
 Mrs. Stockbridge is a sister of .Judge Dan J. 
 Arnold, of the twentieth judicial circuit. Ke- 
 inoving from Saugatuck to Kalama/.oo in 1874, 
 .Mr. Stockbridge purchased a large mansion 
 with ample grounds, and there has made a 
 home and tilled it with treasures of art and 
 literature. Mr. Stockbridge was elected United 
 States Senator, January 19, 1887, for a full 
 term of six years from March 4, 1887. 
 
 HON. HKNRY WALDRON. 
 
 Henry Waldron was born in Albany, New 
 York, October 11, 1819. His father," Henry 
 Waldron, was a merchant in that city. 
 
 He pursued his preparatory studies at the 
 Albany Academy. He entered Rutgers Col- 
 lege, New Jersey, in 1834, and was gi-a<luated 
 in the class of 1836. Among his distinguished 
 classmates were ex-Secretary of State Freling- 
 huysen, Chief Justice Bradley, (lovernor Newell 
 and Hon. Cortland Parker. 
 
 In 1837 he came to -Monroe, Michigan, as a 
 civil engineer, and was engaged in the con- 
 struction of the Michigan Southern Raili'oad 
 from Monroe to HilLsdale. In 1839 he became 
 a resident of Hillsdale, where he lived until his 
 death, September 23, 1880. 
 
 In 1842 he was elected a member of the 
 Michigan Legislature, He served six terms in 
 Congress, 1854 to 1860 and 1870-76. 
 
 In the War of the Rebellion he took an 
 earnest and active part, contributing liberally 
 of his means and by his influence for the 
 preservation of the Union, 
 
 He was instrumental in organizing the 
 Eighteenth Regiment of Michigan Infantry, 
 
 which did such good service in the Union army. 
 At the reunion of this regiment at Monroe, 
 August 25th, 1873, he deliveretl the oration. 
 Ill this oration he gave a brief sketch of the 
 honorable record the regiment made, which 
 we quote, as it may be of interest to the sur- 
 viving veterans who are with us, and which 
 will call up to them the memories of nearly a 
 (juarter of a century ago : 
 
 " We watched with anxious eyes the move- 
 ments of the regiment, following it from post 
 to post — from Nashville to Decatur — from 
 Decatui- to Pond Spi'ings, where you surprised 
 and captured a corps of rebel cavalry, routing 
 another detachment a few days later at Cort- 
 land, Then leaving to re-enforce tlie garrison 
 at Athens, aj-riving there just in time to pre- 
 vent the rebel general JJodnej' from captur- 
 ing and pillaging the town, afterwards jiursuing 
 Wheeler to Shoal Creek. Then the pursuit 
 being abandoned you returned to Decatur, and 
 the same month a detachmentof your I'egiment 
 numbering about 250 is sent to re enforce the 
 garrison at Athens. It arrived within two 
 miles of the fort, finds it in the hands of the 
 enemy, is met by a rebel force of thousands 
 under General Foixest, and after five hours of 
 desperatefigliting, during which its ammunition 
 is all exhausted, the detachment with but few 
 exceptions are all killed, wounded or captured. 
 
 " In October of the same year tiic regiment 
 particijiated in the successful delense of Deca- 
 tur against the rebel army under General 
 Hood, and during that siege a detachment of 
 fifty men dislodged the enenij's sharjishootcrs 
 from a line of i-ifle pits, driving them from 
 theii' cover, taking one hundred and fifteen 
 prisoners, with the loss lo the detachment of 
 only two men wounded." 
 
 Among this group of biographies, wo feel that 
 notone will call back more kindly oraft'ectionate 
 memories than the one at the head of thissketcli, 
 Hon. Henry Waldron, always one of Hillsdale's 
 most honored and respected citizens. He died 
 September 13, 1880, and his remains are at rest 
 in beautiful Oak Grove Cemetery, but he will 
 ever live in the hearts of those who knew him 
 well. 
 
 HON, FKRNANDO C. BEAMAN 
 
 Was born at Chester, Vermont, June 28, 1814. 
 His jiarents removed to Franklin county. New 
 
282 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 York, in 1810, where in 1834 l)Otli dieil within 
 six weeks of each other. 
 
 Mr. Beaman, with a .strong desire for an ed- 
 ucation, applied himselflo .study ; taught school 
 seven wintens and three summers, and in the 
 meaptinie fitted himself at the Malone Academy 
 for college. lu the spring of 18.37 he entered 
 the law office of Haight & Elwood, and after- 
 i wards read law in the office of Wm. S. Bishop, 
 ' a prominent memher of the New York City bar. 
 \ In the fall of 1838 be emigrated to Michigan, 
 
 and in 1839 was admitted to the bar of Lena- 
 wee county and commenced practicing at 
 Manchester in that county. He remained 
 tliere but a short time, when he removed to 
 Adrian and became the law partner of Consider 
 A. Stacy. Was appointed prosecuting attor- 
 ney of Jjenawee county by Governor John S. 
 Barry in 1843 ; was twice re-appointed prose- 
 cuting attorney, holding that position six years. 
 Ilis practice increased, and he associated him- 
 self with Judge A. E. Tiffany; later became 
 a law partner of the Hon. T. M. Cooley. 
 The partnership soon included ilobert E. 
 Beecher, and the firm was known as Beaman, 
 Becchcr & Cooley. Mr. Beaman was appointed 
 city attorney of Adrian. 
 
 In 1854 lie took an active part in politics, 
 and was prominent in forming and organ- 
 izing the Eepublican party of Michigan. In 
 the spring of 185G was elected maj-or of the 
 city of Adrian, and in the fall of same year was 
 elected judge of probate of Lenawee county 
 and presidential elector of the State on the 
 Eepublican ticket. In 18G0 was chosen mem- 
 ber of Congress, and afterwards by large ma- 
 jorities was reelected for four succeeding 
 terms, thus serving in the House of Eepresen- 
 tatives of the United States ten years. Every 
 measure of the administration of President 
 Lincoln having reference to the vigorous pros- 
 ecution of the war and the abolition of slavery, 
 received his he;irty support. On his return 
 from Washington in 1871, he was .soon after 
 appointed judge of probate, to fill vacancy oc- 
 casioned by the death of his former partner. 
 Judge Beecher. To this office he was elected 
 b\- the popular vote in 1872, and re-elected in 
 1870. 
 
 Judge Beaman was married at Lockport, 
 New Y'ork, in 1841, to Miss Mary Goodrich. 
 Tiiey had two children — one son, who attained 
 manhood, but died soon thereafter, the other a 
 
 married daughter, now residing in Adrian. He 
 was always distinguished for a high sense of 
 honor and ret'titude of purpose. 
 
 HON. EDWIN WILL1TT8 
 
 Was born in Olto, Cattaraugus county'. New 
 York, April 24, 1830. He removed with his 
 parents to Michigan in September, 1838. He 
 attended the public schools, and graduated 
 fi'om the Michigan University in June, 1855. 
 In April of the following year he removed to 
 Moni-oe and entered the law office of Isaac P. 
 Christiancy. He was admitted to the bar in 
 1857, and carried on an active and successful 
 practice. In 1869 he was elected prosecuting 
 attorney of Monroe county, and held the office 
 until 1873. In 1862 he was also elected a 
 member of the State Board of Education, and 
 was re-elected in 18G6, serving in all twelve 
 years. From 1855 to 1865 he was editor of 
 the Monroe Conunercial. In 1873 he was 
 chosen one of the board of commissioners to 
 revise the constitution of the State. He was 
 appointed postmaster of Monroe by President 
 Lincoln in 1863, and was removed b}' President 
 John.son in October, 1866. He was elected to 
 the Forty-Fifth Congress on the Eepublican 
 ticket by more than two thousand majority 
 over the Democrat, Greenback and Granger 
 candidates, and again to the Forty-Sixth and 
 Forty-Seventh Congresses. In 1883 he was 
 appointed principal of the State Normal School, 
 where he remained until his appointment to 
 the presidency of the State Agricultural College 
 in 1885. 
 
 As before stated, ho was a member of the 
 State Board of Education, and was admirably 
 qualified by his tastes and his deep interest in 
 the prosperity of our educational institutions, 
 together with his culture and aptness in teach- 
 ing, and being appreciated by his associates 
 soon became a prominent member of the board. 
 He radically changed the policy in the man- 
 agement of the Agricultural College, which 
 resulted in the establishment of the State Board 
 of Agriculture and the reorganization of the 
 Agricultural College. To Mr. Willitts .should 
 be accorded the credit and honor of greatly 
 adding to the prosperity of the college, and 
 well was he entitled to the place aecoided him 
 when appointed at the head. 
 
^ 
 
BIOGRAFIIICAI. SKKTCHKS. 
 
 t?S3 
 
 For many years Mi\ Willitts was one of the 
 prominent members of tlie Kepublican party 
 in tlie State of Jliciiigan, anil has held manj- 
 responsible positions in the party. 
 
 Ho resigned the position of president of the 
 Normal Seliool at Ypsilariti, Michigan, to the 
 rei;ret of the officers of that institution, to ac- 
 cept the presidenc}' of the State Agricultural 
 College, under whose management the college 
 attained great jtopularity, which office ho re- 
 signed in March, 1880, to accept the appoint- 
 ment of assistant secretaiy of agricultui-e by 
 appointment of President Harrison, and now 
 resides in Washington. 
 
 Me married the daughter ol'.hidge Ingursoil, 
 of Dundee, Monroe county; has two children, 
 one daughter (married) and one son, George 
 Willitts, a lawyer of prominence in the city of 
 Chicaso. 
 
 votes to 17,tir)(; for Kdward 1'. Allen, Hejiubli- 
 can, and 2.,l\H for Charles Moshcr, ProhilH. 
 tionist. 
 
 XATIIANIKL H. ELDHKIXiK, 
 
 Born at Auburn, Cayuga county, New York, 
 March 28, 181:5, has been a resident of Michi- 
 gan forty-seven years. lie received an academ- 
 ic education ; studied and practiced medicine 
 fifteen years ; then studied and practiced law 
 thirty years; and finally settled down to farm- 
 ing. While a resident of La|)eer county, he 
 was elected engrossing and enrolling clerk of 
 the State Senate in 1845; representative in the 
 State Legislature in 1847; and judge of pro- 
 bate in 1852. Having entered the Union arm}- 
 June 18, 18(51, he served as captain and major 
 of the Seventh Regiment, and lieutenant-col- 
 onel of the Eleventh Regiment, Michigan In- 
 fantry, in tlie War of the Rebellion. Having 
 removed to Adrian, his present home, in 18G5, 
 he was elected sheriff of Lenawee county in 
 1874. In 1882 he was elected Representative 
 to tiie Fortj'-Eighth Congress on the Union 
 ticket, receiving 15,251 votes to 14,709 for John 
 K. Boies, Republican, 1,238 for A. J. Baker, 
 Greenback, and 387 for A. F. Dewey, Prohibi- 
 tionist. He was reelected in 1884 l)y 17.710 
 
 KDWAh'I) I'AYSON ALI.KN, 
 
 Of Ypsilanti, was born in Sharon, Washtenaw 
 count}-, Michigan, October 28, 1839 ; worked on 
 a farm until tw-enty years old, attending school 
 and teaching during the winter; gi-aduated 
 from the Slate Normal School in March, 18G4; 
 taught the Union School in Vassar, Michigan, 
 for thi-ee months following, when he enlisted 
 and helped to raise a companj- for the Twent}'- 
 Ninth Michigan Infantry; was commissioned 
 first lieutenant in that regiment in the fol- 
 lowing September, and went with it southwest, 
 where the regiment was engaged in active 
 campaigning until the 1st of April ; in Septem- 
 ber, 18(i5, was mustered out of the service with 
 his regiment as captain ; entered the law school 
 at Ann Arbor, graduating in March, 18(17; 
 formed a partnership with Hon. S. M. Cutcheon; 
 uj)on the removal of Mr. Cutcheon to Detroit, 
 in 1875, he continued the practice alone at 
 Ypsilanti; was elected alderman of Ypsilanti 
 in 1872 and 1874 and mayor in 1880 ; was pros- 
 ecuting attorney of Washtenaw county in 1872; 
 was elected to the lower house of the Legisla- 
 ture in 187(j, serving as chairman of the Com- 
 mittee on Education ; w as again elected in 1878, 
 at which time ho was elected Speaker pro tern.; 
 was appointed Assistant Assessor of Internal 
 Revenue in ISOg ; was United States Indian 
 Agent for Michigan in August, 1882, which 
 office he held until December, 1885 ; ran for 
 Congress in 1884, and was defeated bj- Colonel 
 Kldredge, Democrat, and was elected to the 
 Fiftieth Congress as a Republican, and re- 
 elected to the Fifty- First Congress, receiving 
 19,G60 votes to 18,096 votes for Willard Stearns, 
 Democrat, 2,010 votes for C. M. Fellows, Pro- 
 hibitionist, and 143 votes for John H. Hobart, 
 Union Laboi-. 
 
CHAPTER XXin. 
 
 THE GEOLOGY OF MONKOE COUNTY. 
 
 THE reader who glances at liominger's geo- 
 logical map of the lower peninsula of 
 Michigan will be struck with the wide areas of 
 similar formations which it portrays. Hang- 
 ing like a soap bubble from a pipe, appear the 
 coal measures, with the Saginaw Bay as a 
 starting point. From Alabaster, ou the north 
 shore of the Bay, they sweep in a wide circle 
 as far west as Grand Rapids; thence circle 
 around to the .southeast to a point slightly south 
 of Jackson, thence trend around to the north- 
 east again, striking Saginaw Bay on its south 
 side, a little cast of Caseville. On each side 
 of Saginaw Bay, skirting the northern edge 
 and witli a greater development in the vicinity 
 of C4rand Rapids, the carboniferous limestones 
 appear, and in these lies the wealth of gj-psum, 
 which at one time formed an important jiart 
 of the manufactures and shipments from the 
 city of Monroe; the crude rock being brought 
 from Alabaster by boat and prepared for ship- 
 ment ai mills located on the navigable waters 
 of the river. 
 
 fjweeping entirelj' around the coal measures 
 and the carboniferous limestones, extending 
 from Lake Huron on the east to Lake Michi- 
 gan on the west, and from Otsego count}- on 
 the north to the State line on the south, appears 
 the Helderberg group of limestones. In an- 
 other concentric circle bejond this is a thin 
 line of black shale, while between the shales 
 and Lake Erie the Helderberg group is exposed. 
 Monroe county is composed almost entirely of 
 the Helderberg limestones, with a narrow band 
 of shales extending diagonally across its north- 
 west quarter, while the extreme northwest 
 corner is again in the belt of Helderberg lime- 
 stone. 
 
 The general configuration of the entire 
 Lower Peninsula seems to show that at one 
 time it was a lacustrine bed, a portion only of 
 a large lake extending over areas of Wisconsin, 
 Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Over this at vary- 
 
 ing ages in its geologic history swept detritus, 
 and this was superposed upon the rock forma- 
 tion in varying depths, from a few feet in the 
 southwestern corner of the State, where ledges 
 of solid rock arc sometimes found at six feet 
 beneath the surface of the soil, to hundreds of 
 feet further inland. 
 
 The comparatively undisturbed position of 
 the various strata also indicates an absence of 
 volcanic upheaval during the long ages which 
 intervened between the time when the earth 
 " was without form and void," and the time 
 when the " peninsidam amoenam" emerged 
 and began to take on itsabundant forest growth. 
 
 In the southern portion of the lower penin- 
 sula evidences of that period when the gradual 
 drainage of the great area of water which 
 covered it set in, are plainly manifest to the 
 mo.st casual observer. Fifty years ago streams 
 which now, during tiio protracted heats of 
 summer, are but little threads of water brawl- 
 ing over gravelly beds, were water-courses of 
 respectable size. Their present condition may 
 be attributed to the rapid denudations of the 
 forest growth. But if one will follow the wind- 
 ings of any of these streams, taking his place 
 of observation far enough inland to reach that 
 point where the drift deposits are of consider- 
 able depth, on either side of tiie present chan- 
 nel bank, and at distances varying from a few 
 rods to half a mile or more, he will discover a 
 line of bluffs following the general course of 
 the stream, and in some cases a hundred feet or 
 more high. Though now either covered with 
 trees or under cultivation, the sides of these 
 bluffs )ield sweet water fossilifcrous stones 
 and shells, plainly indicating their submergence 
 at some time in the past; and undoubtedly at 
 some former age these valleys were the beds of 
 the present diminished streams and were full 
 from bank to bank. 
 
 In Monroe county, as we approach the de- 
 bouchure of these streams, the bluffs sink to 
 
 [284] 
 
THE r.EOLOGY OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 285 
 
 the jrenora! level, and the water-courses flow 
 sluggishly- in a sliailow bed, eroded frequently, 
 as ill the case of the River Kaisin, to the rock 
 formation beneath tlie alluvium or drift. In 
 the western and northwestern portions of the 
 county, however, the character of the bluffs is 
 plainly discernible along the courses of the 
 .Macon, the Saline, and tlic Huron. 
 
 But while the underlying rock of tiiis section 
 is uniform, the character of the soil is various. 
 Beginning at Lake Erie, which is 5G5 feet above 
 the level of the sea, the land gradually rises to 
 a jioiiit in the a.xis of the highest elevation of 
 the southern part of the lower peninsula, near 
 the western boundary of Hillsdale county, 
 where railroad surveys give the elevation as 
 nearly (100 feet above the lake. Yet so gradual 
 is the ascent that it is not noticeable to the 
 traveler. It is not till he approaches the 
 western portion of the county that the land 
 t)Cgins to assumea rollingand diversified charac- 
 ter, almost the entire eastern ])ortion of the 
 county being a dead level, destitute of hills or 
 elevations. 
 
 At several points in the count}" the prevail- 
 ing character of the rock changes, as well as 
 the nature of the soil. Six miles west of 
 -Monroe City well-defined beds of sandstone 
 exist, which, when the superposed alluvium is 
 cleared off, show the well-defined striations of 
 glacial action. In some .sections of the southern 
 portion of the county slight swells of land ex- 
 tending east and west seem to mark the lo- 
 cation of glacial moraines; and in apparent 
 corroboration of this theory, in thesame vicinity 
 the surface of the soil is thickly strewn with 
 such bowlders as a moving or dissolving glacier 
 would deposit, and these bowlders are likewise 
 found beneath the present surface. 
 
 While glacial action ma}' account for these 
 jihcnomcna, it fails to account for the varying 
 character of the alluvium or sedimentary dep- 
 ositions, and in endeavoring to oflfer any ex- 
 ])lanation of these the domain of evidence is 
 left and that of theory entered. It is suggested 
 that the great lakes were at one period much 
 larger than at the present; that their recession 
 was not uniform ; that after falling .some feet 
 they became for a long period stationary. The 
 streams flowing into them, as well as the move- 
 ment of their own waters, held in sus])ension 
 alluvium, which in the course of j'ears became 
 a sedimentary deposit. This period was fol- 
 
 lowed by another recession, exposing acres of 
 the bottom, which became dry land, and the 
 process of deposition was again begun. The 
 character of the deposits is evidence that the 
 whole area was submerged at some time in the 
 past. Of this fact we may feel assured ; the 
 balance is but conjecture — scientific conjec- 
 ture, it is true, but conjecture nevertheless. 
 
 The interior of the lower peninsula is thickly 
 dotted with small lakes of surpassing beauty. 
 Generall}- with clean, sandy or gravel borders, 
 though sometimes of a marshy character, their 
 waters are very pure, cold and clear, evidently 
 fed by springs. Though Monroe county has 
 none of these, the counties adjacent have 
 man}-, and such lakes abound as the land 
 gradually ascends from the level of Lake Erie. 
 Upon the high plateau in Hillsdale and .Jackson 
 counties, within the radius of a few miles are 
 the headw-aters of the Grand, St. Joseph, Kala- 
 mazoo and Raisin rivers, one flowing .south- 
 ward, two westward, and one, the Raisin, east- 
 ward. The Raisin, by its northern brancii, and 
 its tributaries, the Macon and the Saline, drains 
 the central and northwestern sections of the 
 county, and by its southern branch a portion 
 of Lenawee count}-. The Huron river enters 
 its northeastern corner, and there empties into 
 Lake Erie ; several creeks enter the lake 
 between the mouths of the Huron and the 
 Raisin ; and a larger number between the mouth 
 of the Rai.sin and the State line. 
 
 The characteristic soil of -Michigan, which 
 gave the State a high reputation as a wheat- 
 producing country, is a gravelly clay. This is 
 the prevaleTit soil of nearly all the southern 
 portion of the lower peninsula, .south of the 
 sand upon which grow the pine forests. It 
 contains in itself all the qualities of a good 
 soil and the chemical constituents for the 
 growth of the plants it so ]irolifically pi'o- 
 duces. Its particles are of all sizes, froTn 
 an almost impalpable clay mud, entirely grit- 
 less or nearly so. u]) to bowlders of consider- 
 able size. One great advantage produccil by 
 the varying size of the molecules comjirising 
 this kind of soil, is the facility with which 
 surplus moisture drains off, yet its porosity is 
 such as to retain sufficient moisture for the 
 healthy growth of vegetation. Some of these 
 lands are apparently so full of bowlders as to 
 render their cultivation seemingly hopeless to 
 inexperienced farmers, yet they generally pro- 
 
286 HISTORY OK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 duce good crops of cereals. It is only in the region which lie on top is worn smooth and 
 
 extreme western and northwestern portions of scratched by drift marks. 
 
 Monroe county, along the borders of Lenawee " The lower division of the Helderbcrg series 
 
 and Washtenaw counties, that this class of soil identical with the strata forming the base of 
 
 is found. Mackinac Island, and with the water-lime 
 
 Lying to the eastward of this, and apparently group of the Ohio Reports, has a much greater 
 once the sandy shore of the lake at some surface extension in the district under con- 
 remote period previous to the recession which sideration than the ujiper division correspond- 
 established the present shore line, extends an ing with the limestones of Sanduskj'. This 
 area of light sandy soil, which requires careful upjier division is well uncovered in the qiuir- 
 and intelligent cultivation to develop its agricul- ries of Trenton Village, in Wayne county, and 
 tural resources. At various other points in the likewise in the ([uarrics on Macon Creek, for- 
 county areas of sandy soil are found, possibly merly owned by Judge Christiancy. . 
 islands or sandbars of the lacustrine period. "The quarries on Macon Creek open in the 
 
 The low lands immediately contiguous to same strata as the Trenton quarries. The rock 
 
 the present shore line of the lake, were prob- there is more porous, absorbing water rapidly 
 
 able within comparatively recent time a portion when dry, and considerably impregnated with 
 
 of tlie bottom of the lake. These areas were rock oil, which exudes from its crevices and 
 
 covered with a stiff clay soil, overgrown with often collects on the water pools of the quarry 
 
 ash, elm and kindred trees. Of this nature is in a thick scum. In humid state the rock is 
 
 the principal portion of the soil of Monroe of a dusky drab color. The surface layers are 
 
 county. Rominger saj's of this: " Properly rich in fossils identical with those of the Tren- 
 
 drained, it is the richest soil in the State, giv- ton quarries; certain seams are perfectly 
 
 ing larger crops and bearing the practiced crowded with Chonetcs yandellana, and others 
 
 system of exhaustion better than any other." with Tentaculites scalaris. Below these fossilif- 
 
 Yet this very fact tended to retard the settle- erousbeds, the useful ledges of the quarry, about 
 
 ment and agricultural growth of the count}-, six or seven feet in thickness, follow; they are 
 
 When .settlers from the East landed here, of the above mentioned porous character. The 
 
 deterred bj' the heavy forest growth and the better quarry-stone furnishes sills, door steps, 
 
 clay soil they pushed westward, settling the etc., but most of it is used for the production 
 
 lands to the westward and northwestward, and of lime. Its composition is: 
 
 it was not till, as may be said, the " ebb tide " 
 
 „ • »• T t a *i . -1 I J I Carbonate of lime 84.0 
 
 of emigration began to flow^ that its lauds be- .. , . ,„,, 
 
 ° , 1 . "I. magnesia 13.0 
 
 came appreciated at their true worth, and in- j^.^^^ oxide hydr '.. _ — „ 0.4 
 
 telligent systems of drainage and cultivation Quartz and bitumen 2.2 
 
 demonstrated the excellence of tlie county for 
 
 . ,^ , ^ 99.6 
 agricultural purposes. 
 
 The following technical geological particulars "The deeper strata of the quarry become 
 
 ai'e condensed from the report of the " Geo- worthless from a copious admixture of white, 
 
 logical Survey of Michigan," Vol. III., 1873-76, cherty concretions. The exudation of rock oil 
 
 by C. Rominger, .State Geologist: from the crevices induced some persons, anuni- 
 
 " Rocks of the Helderberg group compo.se ber of years ago, to form a compan}- to bore 
 
 the surface of a restricted area in the south- for rock oil at this locality. A drill-hole was 
 
 east corner of the State, comprising Monroe sunk to the depth of 700 feet, but without the 
 
 county, the southeastern part of Wayne count}', hoped-for success I was informed 
 
 and the same part of Lenawee county. This that not many feet below the rock-beds opened 
 triangular segment is the northern terminus of in the quarr}-, a bed of sand rock was struck, 
 a large body of the formation, which covers the The sand rock deposit seems to be a very con- 
 northwestern part of Ohio and is continued stant stratum found at that horizon, not onlj' 
 through the State of Indiana. . . . in Michigan, but all over the Helderberg area 
 
 "In Monroe county the beds of nearly all of the State of Ohio. Natural outcrops of this 
 
 the creeks present exposures of the ledges; . sand rock can be observed in the bed of River 
 
 . . . the surface of all the rock-beds in this Raisin, six miles above Monroe; it is there 
 
 1 
 
THE GEOLOGY OK MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 287 
 
 liiird and compact, rich in calcareous cement; 
 several fossils, easts of spirifcr, etc., are en- 
 closed in some blocks of the rock, but they are 
 too imperfect for specific detormiiialion. The 
 sand rock stratum, in a soft, friable condition, 
 and occasionally perfectly white, is found in 
 I he northeast corner of Raisinville township, 
 on the ' Bond farm,' where it forms the surface 
 rock over a good many acres of gi'ound; in 
 places it is overlaid bj- dolomitic iimeslone about 
 eight fectin thickness, which contains thccasts 
 of numerous fossils, Zajjlircntis, Favosites, sev- 
 eral forms of Bryozoa, Atrypa reticularis, Orthis 
 liivia, Conocardium trigonalo, Phacopsbufo, 
 i)almania selenurus. (Quantities of this sand, 
 wiiicli is almost pure quartz without admixture, 
 iiave been shipped to Pittsburgh for glass manu- 
 facture, (or which purpose it is said to be of 
 excellent quality. Thethickness of the deposit 
 is not seen in this place; only six or seven feet 
 are denuded in the digging. In section six- 
 teen of Ida township, a sand rock of about six 
 feet in thickness forms the top layers of a lime- 
 stone quarry. The upper .strata are friable 
 anil soft, their calcareous cement seeming to 
 have leached out, while the deeper-sited strata 
 are hard, and rich in calcareous matter. 
 
 "The rock contains some casts of bivalve 
 shells, and of gasteropods ; its fissures and 
 dru.se cavities are filled with strontianite,ca'les- 
 tint', and calcspar. The sand rock rcpo.ses on 
 a hard, compact dolomite rock, mottled with 
 light and dark blue cloudy specks resembling 
 castile soap. The dolomite is composed of 
 
 Carbonate of lime 54 percent. 
 
 ■' ■' magnesia 41' '■ 
 
 (^lartz sand 4 " 
 
 Thnlowerhard cemented sand rock beds contain 
 
 Carbonate of l;nie 40 per cent. 
 
 Wliite (luartz sand 54 " 
 
 " Sand rock ledges of a somewhat different 
 character from those mentioned, but evidently 
 c(|uivalciit with them, are exposed on both 
 sides of a road ])assingthe north end of Ottawa 
 Lake. The rock is hard, fine-grained, of dark 
 bluish, or, in weathered condition, ol' ferruginous 
 brown color, and contains sixty-five per cent. 
 of calcareous matter bj' thirty-four per cent, 
 of quartz sand. It is ((uarricd for Imilding 
 purposes; intermediate between the harder 
 liiyers are seams of a coarse-grained, softer 
 sand rock, with only a small propi)rtion ofcal- 
 
 careouscemcnt. Enclosed in these softer seams 
 I found dermatic plates of macro](etalichlhj-s. 
 South from there, across the State line, near 
 Sylvania, in Ohio, a similar seam of sand rock 
 is found intercalated between the upper and 
 lower Ilelderberg limestones; and from a geo- 
 logic report of Ohio we learn that throughout 
 the entire Helderberg area of that State a sand 
 rock deposit is constantly found in such posi- 
 tion. In .some localities the sand rock seems 
 to be replaced by an oolith. In the quarries 
 of Plum Creek, near Monroe, and near Little 
 Lake, in Bedford township, the mottled dolo- 
 mite rock, which lies at the base of the .sand 
 rock in the Ida ((uarries, section sixteen, is 
 found iu the same characteristic form, but in- 
 stead of sandstone, in the two mentioned lo- 
 calities, oolithic rock-beds are superimposed. 
 Their chemical composition is: Carbonate of 
 lime, sixtj'-ono per cent., and carbonate of 
 magnesia, thirty-seven per cent. The thick- 
 ness of this sand rock stratum has, within the 
 State of Michigan, never been found to exceed 
 eight or ten feet, and in Ohio, also, it forms 
 only a comparatively thin seam. No fossils 
 are known to have been found in it except 
 the few fraj;mcntary specimens which I men- 
 tioned, . . . but ... its equivalency 
 with the Oriskany sandstone of New York be- 
 comes very jjrobable. The rock series below the 
 sandstones, which have been identified with the 
 water-lime group of New Yoi-k, is altogether 
 composed of dolomite, and contains entiicly 
 dittcrent fossils from those found in the strata 
 above the sand rocks, which have more of a 
 true limestone character, and rarely contain a 
 
 high percentage of magnesia This 
 
 lower water-lime division has a much greater 
 surface extent within this southeastern corner 
 of Michigan than the higher beds. All the ex- 
 posures of River Raisin, in Plum Creek, be- 
 long to the lower rock series; the ([uarrics in 
 the townships of LaSalle, Ida and Bedford are 
 woi'ked in the same beds, and the out-crops on 
 Point-aux-Paux, at Gibraltar, in Swan Creek, 
 and Stony Creek, all represent this water-lime 
 series. The upper strata of this group are 
 frequentl}' but not always found in abrecciated 
 condition, the fragments of various ledges 
 intermingled and recemented. The lower, 
 non-brecciated beds have evidently the same 
 lithological characters as the fragments com- 
 posing the breccia. . . . 
 
288 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MTCIHOAN. 
 
 " A natural Kcction through the whole tliicl<- are all without jn-oininent peculiarities by 
 
 ness of the water-lime group is nowhere in the which one can tell whether the boring has 
 
 district exposed, and the artificial excavations passed the water-lime and entered the Onon- 
 
 by quarrj-ing generally comprise virtually daga or Niagara group or not. Kocks exactly 
 
 only a small series of beds, and they are nearl}^ similar to those brought up from the deepest 
 
 always of one and the same horizon. Of deeji portions of the drill-hole are found in the 
 
 artesian borings several have been made within superficial beds of the quarries near by, and 
 
 the city limits of Monroe to a depth of from acicular limestones, not distinguishable from 
 
 one hundred and fiftj' to three hundred feet, those next to the upper brecciated limestones, 
 
 and the boring records of some have been come up from a depth of over two hundred feet, 
 
 noted down. Such notes are very useful for " We learn by the borings that no gypsiferous 
 
 comparison of strata, if we were only before- shales are found in the strata underlying 
 
 hand informed of the geological structure of a Monroe, and that for .sevci'al hundred feet 
 
 lociility in its details ; but to learn these details downward limestones of dolomitic character 
 
 by the results of borings alone is very unsatis- alternately follow each other; but we have no 
 
 factory. guiding rule by which to learn exactly where 
 
 " As an illustration, I give one of the records we are. 
 
 of a drill-holo sunk in the coui't house square " Among the exposures of the water-lime 
 
 of Monroe to a depth of one hundred and forty group, the quarries of Gibraltar, situated about 
 
 feet. It reads : four miles south of the Trenton quarries, are 
 
 Cliiv and sand __ (i feet ''^^ most northern. There this lower rock 
 
 Gray limestone 3 " series comes to the surface in the bed of the 
 
 Blue " 0..5 " creek where it enters the lake near Gibraltar, 
 
 Dark gray limestone 3 " and west of the village at the point crossed by 
 
 Bhie limestone 1.5 " the Michigan Southern Eailroad. The surfiico 
 
 ^, ,, , ,. of the upper ledges is polished by drift action ; 
 
 Blue 2 I 1 f. I J I 
 
 Q^j^.^, I. .,,, li about eight feet of the rock-beds are denuded 
 
 Blue " .') " in the quarry ; no fossils were observed in this 
 
 Gray " 2 " place. 
 
 Blue " ;!2 " "West of this locality, near Flat Kock, 
 
 Blue shale ,'.i ' Huron River runs in ra]jids over ledges which 
 
 " Wc see here a number of limestone beds, belong to the water lime horizon, a drab- 
 varying in color and compactness, amounting colored, crystalline, somewhat porous, but hard 
 to over one hundred feet in depth, and below dolomite, with flinty concretions. Of fossils, I 
 a deposit of calcareous shale, which could noticed casts of crinoid Joints, vegetable stems, 
 perhaps be taken as representing a part of the and a small elongated body with email surfiice, 
 Onondaga formation ; but the infoi'ination we serrated on the edges, which can only be the 
 receive by this record is insufficient to enable remains of a fish or crustacean. Similar cor- 
 us to form a clear idea of the special qualities puseles I found in the brecciated limestones 
 of the rock-beds, or to distinguish positively of Point-anx Paux, a locality which will sub- 
 certain horizons. From another boring made sequently be described At New- 
 
 in the same place, I received through the kind- port, on Swan Creek, the water-lime strata are 
 
 ne.ss of Judge Christianc}' specimens of the found everywhere close under the surface of 
 
 rock brought up by the ])ump, by which I can the level country, polished by drift action, 
 
 see that to a depth of three hundred feet below The rook is a light drab-colored, fine-grained, 
 
 the surface, limestone beds are almost ex- absorbent dolomite ; the surface of the bed is 
 
 clusively following each other in continued rugose, pitted, as if the strata in soft condition 
 
 superposition ; but these limestones, of a had at one time emerged from the water and 
 
 dolomitic character, sometimes light-colored, been exposed to rain drops. Seams of black 
 
 sometimes dark, partly laminated, or other carbonaceous shales separate the ledges and 
 
 specimens of a cellulose structure, full of cover their surface with a shining thin coat, 
 
 irregular cavities, clothed with spar crj^stals. Sty lolitic segregations are very common ; they 
 
 or pieces pervaded with acicular spar crystals, evidently are a peculiar sort of shrinkage 
 
THE GEOLOGY OK MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 289 
 
 cracks, formed by tlio contracting of the mud 
 mass <liiring its consolidation into rock; their 
 sti'iated surface is likewise blackened with this 
 shaly coating. In the quarriesi, onlj^ about 
 eight feet of the strata are uncovered ; the 
 ui)]ier superficial- ones are the best; some of 
 them break in good-sized blocks about a foot 
 in thickness, Which are used as a building 
 stone. However, most of the rock is ((Uarried 
 for lime burning. The lower beds in the 
 quarries are thin, uneven slabs interstratified 
 with seams of black shale. Fissures and druse 
 cavities in the rock-mass are filled with fine 
 crystals of ca'lestine and of calcspar. . . 
 
 " Throe miles southeast of the Newport 
 quarries, we find along the shore of Point-aux- 
 Paux a very good natural exposure of the 
 same rock-beds, which here are in brecciated 
 condition, while the beds in the Newport 
 ((uarries arc undisturbed. The rock-beds pro- 
 ject only about four feet above the water level, 
 but b3- undulations of the strata about fifteen 
 feet of successive ledges become exposed. The 
 breccia is formed of angular rock fragments; 
 sometimes larger masses, composed of several 
 consecutive layers, retaining their regular 
 stratified position to each other, -lie enclosed in 
 it; often also a regular unbroken seam of lime- 
 stone alternates with the brecciated la3'ers. 
 
 " The principal part of the ledges resembles 
 in all particulars the rock of the Newport 
 quari'ies ; the same fo.ssils are found in it, only 
 in greater abundance and variety. Meristella 
 hcvis, Leptocfjelia concava, Megambonia avicu- 
 loidea, casts of several forms of bivalves 
 and gasteropods, and a small spirorbis-like 
 shell, are the usual forms met with, besides a 
 j)rofusion of the above mentioned vegetable 
 remains pervading the rock-beds. Druses of 
 cwlestino and calcspar, and veins of these 
 minerals, filling the fissures of the rock, are 
 vci'v abundant. 
 
 " Of the emailed corpuscles with serrated 
 edges, which I found in the dolomite of Flat 
 Iiock, and suggested might be the remains of 
 fishes or crustaceans, I found several at Point- 
 aux-Paux. South of Point-aux-Paux, toward 
 Monroe, we find the same rock-beds cvcr}'- 
 wlierc close under the surface, with only a few 
 feet of drift on them. The quarries alongside of 
 Eiver Haisin, up to Dundee, are all ojiened in 
 beds of this horizon. In the quarries of Plum 
 Creek, a short distance south of Monroe, by the 
 
 undulations in which the strata riso and sink, 
 about twenty feet of rock-beds come to an ex- 
 posure. Uppermost are fine-grained, light- 
 colored dolomitic limestone in beds of a few 
 inches thick, and in the aggregate reach six 
 feet. Next below is a compact stratum of 
 oolith from eighteen inches to two feet in thick- 
 ness, which makes a good buildiTig material. 
 Lower are thin, rugose ledges of limestone, 
 with intervening narrow scams of a black shale 
 mass ; these are succeeded by about two feel of 
 a gray and blue mottled dolomite rock, after 
 which are again thinly- laminated limestone 
 slabs, with intermediate black shale seams. 
 The surface of these limestone slabs is covered 
 bj' ramified relief forms, apparently of vege- 
 table origin. The lowest beds in the quarry 
 are bluish gray dolomite in moderately thick 
 ledges, opened to the depth of about eight feet, 
 and representing the principal quarry-stone 
 used for ordinarj' building purposes. In the 
 whole series of rock-beds, fossils arc rarely 
 seen, but in nests or in a thin seam, locall}-, 
 they may be found in abundance. Among the 
 rocks which came out in excavating the cellar 
 of a brewery situated within the quarry, cer- 
 tain blocks are crowded with casts of Meris- 
 tella la>vis, Retzia globosa, Leptoctrlia concava, 
 Megambonia aviculoidca and several other 
 bivalves, several gasteropods, great numbers 
 of a spirorbis-like shell, besides the vegetable 
 stems found elsewhere in the same strata. 
 
 " In the southwest corner of J^aSalle town, 
 about six miles west of the lake shore, the 
 brecciated limestones, which in Monroe arc in 
 a position on a line with the lake level, are 
 found in the quarries at an elevation of about 
 one hundred feet above the lake. 
 
 " In the quarries near Little Lake, in Bed- 
 ford township, similar strata to those of the 
 Plum Creek quarries are uncovered. In the 
 upper part of the quarry we find an nolith 
 stratum identical with the other locality. The 
 lower part is formed of brecciated limestone, 
 seams of which are fossiliferous ; besides the 
 already mentioned forms, a cyrloccrasand some 
 gasteropod casts arc found there, which I have 
 not noticed in the other localities. 
 
 " Two miles west of Ida Village, dose U> the 
 railroad track, extensive quarries are opened, 
 and lime-kilns erected. Close under the surface, 
 light. colored, almost white dolomites, of finelj- 
 crystalline grain, and of absorbent, porous 
 
290 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Structure arc found ; they are much intersected 
 bj' veins of cakspar, and enclose druse cavities 
 lined with the same material. Certain layers 
 are completely filled with small acieular s])ar 
 crystals, or the crystals have been dissolved by 
 a partial weathering of the rock, and the 
 places formerly occupied by them are now 
 found as open, narrow slits pervading the 
 rock in all directions. By the same process of 
 weathering, the rock, which originally was a 
 hard mass, composed of dolomite spar crystals, 
 cemented together by calcspar, the more sol- 
 uble calcspar being dissolved by the percolat- 
 ing waters, is left, according to the degree of 
 weathering, either a porous but yet hai'd mass 
 of minute dolomite spar crj'stals, or a mealy, 
 crystalline substance fi-iablo between the 
 fingers. 
 
 "Prof A. Winchell identified the dolomites 
 of the Ida quarries with the Onondaga group, 
 but the jiosition of these beds is not lower 
 than that of the other quarries considered to 
 represent the water-lime group, and no differ- 
 ence in lithological characters of the strata ex- 
 ists, which would justify a distinction. In the 
 deep boring made in tlie court house yard of 
 Monroe for a depth of three hundred leet, no 
 particular change in the nature of the rock was 
 observed ; neai'l}' all this thickness was made 
 up by dolomites, some of which, by their cellu- 
 lose character,with cavities once filled with crys- 
 tals, are similar to beds found in the Onondaga 
 group, but no gypsum beds nor shale deposits, 
 which are significant in this group, were 
 noticed. 
 
 '■ The gypsiferous rock-beds have been found 
 in the State of Ohio at Sylvania, but in Michi- 
 gan no positive evidences of the development 
 of this formation have been discovered in the 
 southeastern end of the State. Eemarkable in 
 this region ai"e the numerous sink-holes found 
 over it. Some of them are small, abrupt, fun- 
 nel-shaped depressions ; others are larger and 
 sink more gradually. Many of them arc filled 
 with water and form resjjectable lakes, as 
 Ottawa Lake and Litttc Lake, while others are 
 dry or filled only for a part of the j'car. The 
 water in all these lakes is subject to consider- 
 able fluctuations tlui-ing the different seasons. 
 Ottawa Lake, which covers about a square 
 mile of surface, has in the spring of the 3-car a 
 depth of fifty feet ; towards the fall it has low- 
 ered its level about twenty- five feet below high- 
 
 water mark, and its shallowest parts arc per- 
 fectly dry. The water usually disapipears rap- 
 idly when it begins to sink, which is not the 
 effect of evaporation. It escapes bj' subter- 
 ranean crevices, which become visible after 
 the water has run off. The steej) embank- 
 ments of the northeast end of the lake are 
 formed by the brecciated limestones of the 
 water-lime group, which are quarried there and 
 burned into lime. 
 
 " Little Lake, in the town of Bedford, sec- 
 tion fifteen, is another sink-hole of large di- 
 mensions. It sometimes becomes pcrfectl}' dry, 
 which never happens with Ottawa Lake. The 
 rock crevices through which the water disap- 
 jjcars were quite conspicuous in the emptied 
 lake bottom at the time of my visit. Four 
 miles north of Ottawa Lake, on the land of Mr. 
 Cummins, in the town of Whiteford, between 
 sections one and two, another large sink-hole 
 is observable, which, during the summer and 
 fall time, is perfectly di-y and partly over- 
 grown with grass. The center of this depres- 
 sion is about eighteen feet below the level of 
 the surrounding country ; a part of its bottom 
 is formed of naked rock ledges fissured by- 
 deep, vertical crevices. The owner of the place 
 informs me that during the spring this depres- 
 sion is filled with water which contains large 
 fish, although I saw not a drop of water in it 
 at the time of my visit. When the water be- 
 gins to sink it escapes quickly, and at the spot 
 where the crevices are, a whirlpool draws them 
 in with a distinctlj' audible, rushing noise. 
 The larger fish being unable to get off with the 
 water, are left on the dry bottom to die. From 
 the fact of the appearance in these periodical 
 water basins of full-grown fish of the kind 
 usually found in Lake Erie, it has become the 
 general belief of the inhabitants that a direct 
 connection exists between these sink-holes 
 and that lake, which suggestion has in it much 
 of probability'. All limestone formations are 
 apt to be undermined and eaten out by the 
 water flowing through their crevices, which is 
 more or less charged with carbonic acid, and 
 thus i-endered a powerful solvent for the lime- 
 stone. The old sandy beach lines encircling this 
 district bear clear testimony to the fact that 
 all this part of the country was, at a period not 
 very remote, a part of the bottom of Lake Erie, 
 whose waters leached out the softer, more sol- 
 uble ledges of the lime rock, and letl the harder 
 
THE GEOLOGY OF MONKOE COUNTY. 
 
 291 
 
 la\ ers as roofs over tlio eroded cavities. After 
 tlie receding of the water from this ground, 
 loavini: behind a deep, muddy sediment, which 
 forms tlie present rich soil, the roofs of tliese 
 subterranean cavities broke down, in some 
 cases forming sink-holes that remain in con- 
 neclion with the intricate subterraneous ciian 
 nels which doubtless lead into the lake. 
 
 "The connection of the Ilelderberg group 
 witii the superincumbent younger formations 
 is in this part of tlie State entirely- hidden bj' 
 drift dcj)osit8. At Blissfield, Deerfield and 
 Pelersburgh, localities which are only a short 
 distance from the actual outcrop of the Ilel- 
 derberg strata, in ordinary wells dug to a 
 depth of seventy and eighty feet, through drift 
 'di'itosits, no rock ledges have yet been touched, 
 and at Detroit, one hundred and thirty feet 
 have to be sunk through before the lime rock 
 is reached." 
 
 Prof. Rominger's observations were made in 
 1873-6, and some of the names he gives are no 
 longer the possessors of the land, but the loc;il- 
 ities are easily distinguishable. The dip of the 
 Ilelderberg strata, noted in the last quoted 
 jmragraph, becomes still more distinguishable 
 further west. At the western edge of Lenawee 
 county', in the village ot Hudson, recent bor- 
 ing, in exploration for natural gas, reached a 
 distance of eight hundred feet or over before 
 coming in contact with rock formations. 
 
 The recent attempts to find natural gas in 
 Monroe county strikingly bear out many of 
 Prof Rominger's conclusions. In the city of 
 Monroe three several attempts have been made. 
 The first well was sunk at no great distance 
 from the marshy shores of the lake. The same 
 general result, as to consecutive layers of various 
 colored limestones, was observed as in sinking 
 the artesian well near the court house. Whether 
 or not the well was a successful one will never 
 be known, as it was effectually ruined and 
 plugged. A vein of clear pure water was 
 struck which spouted nearly a dozen feet above 
 the surface. The second well was nearly a 
 mile further west, and the same arrangement 
 of strata was found. This well produced a 
 steady flow of gas, but under too light a pres- 
 sure to be available, and this well was ruined 
 in an attempt to " shoot it." A third well was 
 b(n-ed in the western part of the cit}-, which 
 also produced a steady flow of gas, but met 
 with the same fate as No. 2, and showed the 
 
 same arrangement in stratification. In each of 
 the.se experimental borings the gas-bearing 
 rock, the Trenton limestones, was found at 
 nearly the same level; the three wells, how- 
 ever, showing the fact that the dip of the Tren- 
 ton was to the eastward ; it being found nearc r 
 the surface the larther west the experiment 
 was made. 
 
 Another experimental boring was ])ut down 
 on Macon Creek, in the old " Christiancy " quar- 
 ries, referred to in Prof Rominger's notes. The 
 result has been kept a secret At the village of 
 Dunilee an experimental well was sunk, but 
 without favorable results. The chiim is made, 
 however, by those professing to be experts in 
 determiningthchabitatof natural gas, that Mon- 
 roe county contains several promising fields. 
 
 Dr. T. D wight Ingersoll,an amateur .scientist 
 of much research and study, who lived in Mon- 
 roe county from 1851 to 1871, furnishes an in- 
 teresting monograph iijion geological history 
 at this end of Lake Erie, which is reproduced 
 below : 
 
 IIISTOIUCAL (iEol.otiV OK MoNIloE Cor.NTV ANII 
 THE WESTERN PORTION UK I..\KE ERIE. 
 
 The soil of Monroe county consists princi- 
 pally of gravel, sand and clay, which was 
 doubtless deposited during the glacial era, the 
 surface having been more or less changed by 
 the action of rain, the atmosphere, the in- 
 dustry of the farmer and other natural causes. 
 
 The underlying rock is of the limestone for- 
 mation, sloping slightly downward toward the 
 east. In some places it is porous, and appears 
 to have been fractured by some geological dis- 
 turbance. 
 
 The limestone of Monroe county is fo.s.silif- 
 erous, and dips gently under the waters of 
 Lake Erie and forms its bed to a point a few 
 miles east of Kelley's Island, where it is buried 
 under shale of the Devonian age, sinking decj)er 
 and deeper for a distance of a hundred miles 
 perhaps, and then rises slowly from under 
 the shale and becomes the bed of the lower 
 portion of the lake, cropping out on both north 
 and south shores. This wide bolt of limestone 
 was at a former age of the world forced uj) 
 here and there into waves, one at Buffalo, 
 New York, one at Sandusky, Ohio, and one 
 west of the head of the lake. This formation 
 and the changes it has undergone affects the 
 geological history of Monroe county, and also 
 
292 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the history of the upper portion of the lalce. 
 One of the more j>o\verfLil agents in the produc- 
 tion of changes referred to was the mechanical 
 action of glacier ice. During the glacial era 
 Monroe countj' was under a stupendous glacier, 
 hundreds of feet in thickness, which came, it 
 is said, from the northwest, and formed a junc- 
 tion with another glacier coming from the 
 northeast through the Lake Eric basin. When 
 the two great rivers of ice joined their forces 
 in planing down and leveling the countr}-, 
 both changed their course and moved in a 
 southerly direction across the State of Ohio. 
 Between this county and the wave or high 
 ridge of limestone at Sandusky, Ohio, there was 
 a broad depressed plain (now covered by the 
 lake), which was occupied by the moving 
 glacier, and every living tiling, as well as a vast 
 amount of rocks, was swept from the surface. 
 The glacier did the same destructive work in 
 this county and also on the great uplifted 
 ridge which extended from Sandusky to Point 
 Pellee, Canada, before Lake Erie came into ex- 
 istence. When the ridge was thrown up it was 
 greatly fractured by the u[)lifting forcesand the 
 fissures wore exposed a long time to the erod- 
 ing action of the atmosphere, rain, frost and 
 other disintegrating agents, which made the 
 crevices so wide that the ridge of shattered 
 limestone was an easy prey to the great north- 
 ern glaciers, for (according to astronomical 
 calculations) ten thousand years. During that 
 long period the ice was moving slowly over the 
 ridge and among the divided parts, grinding 
 away the softer portions, and leaving the harder 
 ones to remain as islands when the lake basin 
 would be filled with water, after the disapjiear- 
 anco of the glacier. While the ice was destroy- 
 ing the ridge it was dee])oning the vallej'-like 
 plain between the ridge and the rocks in this 
 county, and it was also plowing and scraping 
 out a deeper valley, which extended from the 
 Sandusky i-idge to a point a little east of Long 
 Point, Canada, where it made a bend north- 
 ward in Canada several miles, and then re- 
 sumed a more easterly course along the present 
 Lake Ontario basin. Through that valley a 
 great river flowed to the Atlantic Ocean. The 
 most peculiar feature of that grand old valley 
 was the cnntrai'tod sides at the northwai-d 
 hi'iid. So near did they approach each other 
 that they presented the appeai'ance of a canon 
 in comparison with the breadth of the fifty-mile 
 
 valley between that and Sandusky. This high- 
 walled water-way has a history with an import- 
 ant bearing on the history of the eastern 
 boundary line of this county. At the close of 
 the ice ago that canon was completely filled 
 with sand, clfiy, gravel and glacial bowlders. A 
 dam was thus made so that the great river 
 could not pass, and the broad valley was filled 
 with water — transformed into a lake — setting 
 back westward between the remaining ])or- 
 tions of the ridge and acro.ss the low plain to 
 the present eastern border of Monroe county, 
 while at the same time it flowed eastward and 
 bi'oke over the bank near Buffalo, Now York, 
 giving birth to the Niagara River. 
 
 Had not the canon been goi'gcd with glacial 
 drift no lake would have been formed, because 
 the rainfall of the region would iiave passed 
 through the canon as it had previously done; 
 for before the ice ago there had been no Lake 
 Ei-ie. 
 
 Had not the ridge been fractured by up- 
 heaval, the glacier would have planed and 
 smoothed it more equally, and it would have 
 remained a ridge with the upper portion worn 
 away instead of being divided and carved into 
 islands. After the gl icier had preyed upon the 
 limestone barrier for thousands of years noth- 
 ing remained but the harder portion, which at 
 the close of the ice age, and after the lake 
 basin was filled with water, remained as veri- 
 table islands, the water flowing between them 
 and over the western plain as far as the eastern 
 limits of MoQi'oe county, making an extensive 
 addition to Lake Erie. 
 
 The theory here presented is based on per- 
 sonal observation and discoveries made in the 
 lake region by geologists. That a continental 
 glacier passed over this country is evident fi'om 
 the glacial phenomena which still exist in 
 many places. At Sandusky the limestone rises 
 from the water at an angle of two or three de- 
 grees, passes under the city and is covered 
 with long parallel glacial grooves and scratches; 
 and the islands between Sandusky and Point 
 Pellee, Canada, arc covered with glacial marks. 
 The Ohio State geologist. Prof. Newberry, 
 says : 
 
 "Here vfc find evidence that the ice not only 
 passed over ever}' portion of the islands, but 
 moulded itself to their sides in such a way as 
 to scar and furrow them quite as distinctly as 
 the level surfaces. In one instance a perpen- 
 
THE GEOLOGY OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 293 
 
 dicuhir wall, coiiiposed of layers of uneinial 
 hardness, has been fluted or beaded like a cor- 
 nice, and even cut under so as to present an 
 overhanging shelf planed on iUs under side as 
 well us its upper side. Such examples afford 
 positive proof that the cutting away of the 
 limestone was effected by glacial and not by 
 iceberg action ; and it is impossible that any 
 one should study the surfaces of these islands 
 without becoming a convert to the glacial 
 theory, for every phase of the excavations 
 effected in these rocks over which glaciers have 
 moved, is repeateil here in all its most striking 
 details." 
 
 At Stony Point, this county, the effect of 
 glacier action is still visible, the rocks being 
 ground in such a manner as to appear like 
 wagon tracks. 
 
 This kind of limestone contains a great 
 variety of fossils — fossil corals, coiled shells 
 and the shells of bivalves, fossil plants and 
 fishes, besidessome valuable minerals. Strontia 
 has been found at Stony Point, and cavities in 
 the rocks are sometimes seen filled with 
 crystals likegeodes. Prof Newberry has called 
 attention to the minerals on the islands. 
 
 '' On North Bass Island there were obtained." 
 he says, " from a well sunk for water some 
 unusually- fine masses crystallized ccx'lestine; 
 and on JJattlesnake Island I procured a large 
 i(uantity of fluor spar in brown crystals. 
 (Jreen Island also deserves special notice, as it 
 has furnished nearly all the tine specimens of 
 crystallized crelestiiie which have been ol)tained 
 in this county — much finer, indeed, than are 
 known to exist an3where else in the world. 
 The coelestine (crystallized strontia) occurs 
 here in masses of many tons weight. 
 The splendid crystals of ca'lestine obtained 
 from (ireen and Strontian Islands are found 
 studding the walls of cavities. They are some- 
 times met with as large as one's hand, and 
 almost perfectly transparent throughout." 
 
 Under the head of geology, the seismic 
 disturbances which have affected this portion 
 of -Michigan may appropriately be noted. 
 While marks of upheaval in Michigan arc 
 extremely rai-e, though Dr. IngersoU is a 
 believer in their existence, still no locality is 
 entirely exemi)t from the action of a seismic 
 wave, possibly having its origin at some remote 
 
 point, and traveling along the crust of the earth. 
 The portion of Michigan under consideration 
 has been remarkably free from such dis- 
 turbances, however. The account of an early 
 one, from the pen of one of the State's most 
 distinguished jurists, written in a lettei' to a 
 friend, is appended, taken from the volumes of 
 the Michigan Pioneer Society. 
 
 " The Hon. James Witherell, member of 
 Congress from the State of Vermont in 1S08, 
 was while a member of Congress appointed by 
 President Jefferson one of the judges of the 
 Supreme Court ofthe Territory of Michigan,and 
 soon after resigning his seat in Congress started 
 on his long journey to the then unknown land 
 of Michigan. lie is the grandfather, by the 
 mothers side, of the lion. Thomas Palmer, 
 present United States Senator from Michigan. 
 
 " The Hon. James Witherell, in a letter to a 
 friend in Vermont, dated Detroit, February 3, 
 1812, records his observation of the effect of an 
 earthquake at Detroit on the 23d of January, 
 1812. A newspaper was not at that time pub- 
 lished in Detroit, and the event was not there- 
 fore chronicled. Judge Witherell said : ' The 
 earthquake occurred in the morning at half 
 past eight o'clock. As I sat reading by the fire 
 at Colonel Watson's, I felt an unusual sensation. 
 1 thought something must be the matter with 
 me. I felt an agitation I could not account 
 for, but I soon observed that the walls of the 
 house were in motion north and south. I got 
 up, stepped to a bedroom door and asked ni)- 
 daughter if she perceived that the house trem- 
 bled. She replied that she did, and thought 
 that some one was shaking her bedstead. I 
 then discovered that a small looking-glass, 
 which was hanging on the wall, was swinging 
 to and fro several inches, and the shade trees 
 in the yard were waving considerablj- north 
 and south. 
 
 '•'Dr. Brown informed me that his store 
 oscillated very much, and that a cradle was set 
 rocking smartly though there was no one in it. 
 A little girl that had crossed the lake the fall 
 previous tottered about and called out, " Oh 
 mother, we are in the vessel again !'" Cook's 
 house shook more than most others, probably 
 because it was higher and the frame new and 
 stronger. The ice in the river was split for 
 several miles. A Frenchman at Grosse Point, 
 nine miles from Detroit, says that his bowl of 
 mush and milk was spilt thereby.' 
 
294 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICFIIGAN. 
 
 " Judge Witherell :ilso related a strange event 
 that occurred at Orchard Lake, twenty-five 
 miles from Detroit, on the 17th of December, 
 1811. ' The Indians said the waters of the lal<e 
 began to bubble, boil, foam and roll about as 
 though they had been in a large kettle over a 
 hot fire and in a few minutes up came great 
 numbers ot turtles and hurried to the shore, 
 upon which they had a great turtle feast.' " * 
 
 At least upon two other occasions tremors of 
 the earth's surface have occurred in this 
 vicinity. One within the last five years, the 
 exact date of which is not remembered, was of 
 a very slight nature, a brief tremor lasting but 
 a few seconds, traveling apparently from south- 
 west to northeast, may pass with tiio brief 
 mention that it was observed and noted by too 
 many to doubt either its existence or its 
 character. 
 
 The other occurred Sunday morning, Febru- 
 ary 20, 1876, and the following is the account of 
 it given in the Monroe Commercial of the same 
 week ; 
 
 •' At about eight o'clock last Sunday morning 
 a loud report was heard which startled our 
 citizens gencrall}-, and iti some ])arts of town 
 created considerable alarm. At St. Mary's 
 church a good many people were at early mass, 
 and they ran out of the church, some with the 
 idea that the steeple had fallen down, and 
 others thinking the steam boiler in the 
 academy, across the street from the church, 
 had blown up. Those who were at mass in St. 
 Michael's church also fled from the building in 
 great alarm. The shock seems to have been 
 felt more in some parts of the town than in 
 others. On the north side of the river the 
 shock seems to have been felt the most, shaking 
 and rattling the buildings considerably. On 
 the south side, at most of the private houses, 
 the sensation caused was as if a cannon had 
 .been fired at some little distance away, or as if 
 some heavy substance had fallen in the upper 
 part of the house. At the jail, however, the 
 shock was more heavy, and Sheriff Woodin 
 says it caused so much alarm among the 
 prisoners that they wanted to be taken out and 
 given other quarters. There was no prolonged 
 rumbling, .such as usually accompanies earth- 
 quakes, but simply a report like that of a 
 cannon, or some explosion. 
 
 * Michigan Pioneer Collections, Vol. IV., page 111. 
 
 "The water in the river was falling quite 
 rapidlj' at the time of the explosion, aiid soon 
 thereafter a quantity of large rocks was dis- 
 covered in the river bed about twenty or 
 thirty feet below the Waterloo dam, having 
 the appearance of having been thrown up fi-om 
 the river bed by some unknown agency. It 
 is averred b}- all who are acquainted with the 
 river bed in that locality, that it was solid rock, 
 and quite smooth. It was at once conjectured 
 that this was the effect of the shock, and that 
 the rocks were thrown up in a sort of confused 
 heap thereby. The water continued to fall 
 gradually, and since that time the place has 
 been visited hy many people The largest of 
 the rocks, which seems to have been riven out 
 of the solid bed, is say ten by fifteen feet, and 
 about two feet thick; and there are a good 
 many others, varying in size down to rocks 
 which two or three men could lift. The 
 surface of the river bed which has been 
 disturbed is perhaps two or three rods square. 
 A good many insist that these rocks have been 
 quarried out by the heavy volume of water 
 pouring over the dam, with occasional saw-logs 
 and drift-wood, while others believe this to bo 
 impossible, and are firm in the belief that the 
 upheaval was caused by the earthquake shock." 
 
 Following this account the pajjer oditoriall}' 
 comments upon the occurrence, and endeavors 
 to explain it upon tlie hypothcsisof the gather- 
 ing of suljjhurous gases in the crevices of the 
 limestone rock, their continued pressure and 
 final explosion ; commenting also upon the 
 fact of the numerous sulphur wells in the 
 vicinity. This article apparently fell under 
 the eye of Dr. Ingorsoll, who a couple of weeks 
 afterward jjublished a communication in the 
 same paper, attributing the fi-acture of the 
 rocks to lateral pressure, cleavage and 
 shrinkage. 
 
 It maj- be seriously doubted if the upheaval 
 in the river was anj thing less than an effect 
 of the movement of the rock strata under the 
 influence of a true seismic wave; and it can 
 .scarcely be doubted that such a wave passed 
 along the earth's crust on that occasion. No 
 theory of lateral pressure finding its relief in 
 so small an area could account for the other 
 phenomena. Nor is the theory of a gas 
 explosion tenable. When gas well No. 2 was 
 shot, one hundred quarts of uitro-glycerine 
 
THE GEOLOGY OF MONROE COUNTY 
 
 295 
 
 wei'C exploJod in roek slnitu full of tis.suros, 
 but with superincumbent bods of homo- 
 geneous rock ; yet aitiiough the explosion of 
 this amount of material would <'orm a volume 
 of gas not only much larger, but also under a 
 greater pressure than could gather in fissui'cs, 
 as editorially suggested, yet no tremor was dis- 
 tinguishable at a distance of thi-ee hundred 
 feet from the scene of the explosion. The 
 phenomena can be accounted for satisAictorily 
 upon no other theory than that of seismic 
 action. 
 
 Though vcrj' level, Monroe cuiinty has 
 numerous flowing wells and springs, some of 
 whirh are of more than local fame for curative 
 ])i()|)crties. Dr. Ingersoll furnishes the follow- 
 ing notes upon them : 
 
 MINKR.VL SPRIXdS. 
 
 "Thelimcsloneof Monroe county is somewhat 
 porous, and more or less fractured bj' contrac- 
 tion of the crust of the earth and b^- pressure. 
 Earthquake shocks and upheavals, if they did 
 not occur here, may perhaps have taken place 
 in other localities sufficiently near in some 
 former age to disturb the rocks in this region. 
 This creviced condition of the limestone is 
 favorable for the formation of mineral s]irings, 
 the permeabilitj' favoring the reception of rain- 
 water, which sinks to a lower level where the 
 rock is more compact, and it must then find 
 some crevice by which it can emerge spring- 
 like on a hillside or from the under side of 
 some rock. If this be true the facts seem to 
 rob springs of all mystery that are vain I j^ 
 supposed to come up from the heart of the earth 
 without any eau.se. Eainwater, in passing 
 through porous rocks, dissolves out some min- 
 erals th;it are supposed to be beneficial to 
 health, and some springs in this county have 
 been visited bj' invalids hoping to improve 
 their bodily condition. 
 
 " It was said a few years ago that Doctor 
 Charles O.sgood, of Cholagogue fame, used, at 
 one time, the mineral water of a spring a few 
 miles west of Monroe City to enrich his medi- 
 cines and fill his Cholagogue bottles. The 
 medicine was considered a good remedy for 
 those who were afHictcd with the ague. As 
 the spring flowed away to Raisin River, vege- 
 tation which sprang up in its course became 
 incrusted with carbonate of lime and other 
 
 minerals, which were held in Sdlution by the 
 water, and a small boggy swamp was formed 
 between the spring and the river, com- 
 posed chiefly of mineral matters and deca3'ed 
 plants. By that means the little marsh-jdat 
 was constantly growing broader and higher. 
 
 " Shawnee Spring, situated a short distance 
 south of Monroe City, is perhaps the most re- 
 markable spring in the count}-. It was named 
 after the Shawnee tribe of Indians, who re- 
 sorted thither for the supposed health -giving 
 water, and in time the while people com- 
 menced the practice of drinking at the s])ring 
 and bathing in the water. 
 
 " The spring is not only Indian in name but 
 Indian in mound-like form. It is several rods 
 in diametei- and several feet in height. The 
 water is discharged from a sj)ongy bowl-shaped 
 depi'ession in the top of the mound, part ooz- 
 ing out through the sides of the sponge-like 
 bowl, and part flowing over the sparselj' ])lant- 
 bordered brim and running away to Lake Brie. 
 The minerals held in solution by tlie water 
 were first deposited about the infant spring at 
 the close of the ice age, particle by particle, 
 and in time, as vegetation accumulated year 
 after year, it became incrnsted with carbonate 
 of lime and other minerals which were added 
 to the mass. Mound building in this way has 
 been in progress for thousands of years, the 
 cavity on top rising with the mound and 
 keeping its brim fairl}- above it; and in that 
 way Shawnee Spring maintains its fountain of 
 mineral water, while it is constantlj- i-earing 
 its own monument and writing its own his- 
 tory." 
 
 Besides those mentioned by Dr Inger.soll 
 there arc numerous springs scattered all over 
 the county with the same characteristics. AH 
 the artesian wells bored in the city produce 
 water strongly impregnated with mineral salts, 
 sulphur predominating, and each gas well also 
 ])roduced sulphur water. Several very large 
 sulphur springs bubble up beneath the surface 
 of the water in the baj- between Baj- Point and 
 the main land in Erie township. All these 
 springs are reported to have therapeutic vir- 
 tues, but it is from a medical and not from a 
 geological point of view this question should 
 be discussed. 
 
 Note.— With the exception of the quotations from 
 Rominger's report, no attempt has been made in the 
 
296 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 foregoing chapter to deal with Monroe oovinty 
 geology from a strictly technical standpoint; but the 
 "story of the rocks" has been given with such ab- 
 sence of scientific terminology as wouM serve to 
 render it intelligible to the reader, who does not 
 seek in a work of this nature a text-book of exact 
 science, (ieology, like .some other .sciences, is far 
 from i-jarl in itself ; it is, at the best, full of guesses 
 
 and hypotheses, and while its principal epochs are 
 capable of strict definition, yet time, place and cir- 
 cumstances are often involved in doubt ; and scien- 
 tific criticism is not invoked upon an attempt, which, 
 while endeavoring to follow, in tlie main, tlie result 
 of technical investigation, aims to be plain rather 
 than precise, popular rather than pedantic. 
 
 A. B, Bkagdo.n. 
 
CHAPTER XXIV. 
 
 BIOOKAIMIIES OF PRESENT AND FORMER CITIZENS OF MONROE. 
 
 MAJOR HENRY SMITH. 
 [By his son, Wlnlicld Smith. | 
 
 HKN H Y SM ITH was born at Stillwater, New- 
 York, in September, 1798, liis father 
 being Dr. Warren Smith of that village. The 
 war with Great Britain led him to seek a 
 military life, and lie entered the United States 
 ,\caiieniy at West Point, whence he graduated 
 ill 181(j. lie was assigned to the artillery, hut 
 ])refei'red and received an appointment in the 
 infantry service. He was on duty at Fort 
 Warren, Boston Harbor, and later at Port 
 Columbus, Governor's Island. He was lieuten- 
 ant in the Second Intimtry, and afterwards in 
 the Sixth. For neai'ly six years, ending in .Inly, 
 1826, ho was aid-decamp to General W'in- 
 field Scott, and traveled with him over a large 
 part of the United States, visiting Fort Snell- 
 ing, between the present sites of St. Paul and 
 Minneapolis, then the extreme northwestern 
 militar}- post ; al.so the southern and eastern 
 garrisons. Progress was slow in those jour- 
 neys, there being no i-ailroads, and the steam- 
 boats on the lakes and rivers affording the 
 fastest as well as the easiest mode of travel 
 from point to point. 
 
 In July, 1826, be married at Watertown, 
 New York. Miss Hlvira Lorraine Foster, 
 eldest daughter of Judge Jabcz H. Foster, a 
 prominent citizen of that village, and they soon 
 after started on the long journey, via Sackett's 
 Harbor, Lewiston, Buffalo and Detroit for 
 Fort Howard, Green Bay, consuming three 
 weeks in the last part of the journey, which 
 was made by schooner, without the aid of 
 Steam. The barracks were in process of con- 
 struction when they arrived, and they would 
 have (arod hardly but for the hospitable shel- 
 ter offered them by the surgeon in bis little 
 quarters, where the}' remained for several 
 weeks. I.(ieutenant Smith was quartermaster 
 of that post, and was promoted while there to 
 be captain, llis son Wintield was born in the 
 
 [20 
 
 barracks in August, 1827, and in 1828 Captain 
 Smith was ordered to the East. Ho wont to 
 Watertown again, and in Februaiy, 1.S20, his 
 daughter, Harriette Foster, was born there. 
 
 In 1831 ho was stationed at Jefferson Bar- 
 racks, Mi-ssouri, and ho took an active part in 
 the camiiaign against the Sacs and Foxes, who 
 were led by the famous Black Hawk. Captain 
 Smitli marchcil "ith his ix-gimont from the 
 landing on the Mississippi at Uock Island, 
 across northern Illinois and soiilhorn Wiscon- 
 sin to Fort Atkinson, and thence west, pursu- 
 ing the Indians, until, overtaking them, the 
 battle of the Bad Axe was fought, in which he 
 participated. The Indians were defeated, scat- 
 tereil, and their power completely destroyed. 
 151ack Ilawlv, the Prophet, and other leaders 
 were ca])tiircd then or soon afterward, and were 
 confined at Jefferson Barracks. One of the 
 writer's earliest recollections is the sight of the 
 prisoners taken for exercise without the garri- 
 .son, and on another occasion his feeding some 
 of them through the window of the lower room 
 in w-liich tliev were confined. 
 
 Cajjtain Smith's second daughter, lOlvira 
 Pamelia, was born in Jett'erson Barracks in 
 1831. Returning with his family in the fall of 
 1832 to Watertown, ho was ordered the next 
 spring to proceed to Monroe, Michigan, to take 
 charge of the Government works then con- 
 structing in the harbor of La Plaisance Ba^'. 
 He continued to reside there until his death in 
 1847. He soon recommended to the Govern- 
 ment the construction of a new harbor, to be 
 opened from the River Raisin a mile or more 
 northerly from its mouth bj' means of a canal 
 one hundred feet wide and three-fourths of a 
 mile long, connectin'; the river with Lake Krie, 
 and avoiding the long, crooked and shallow 
 channel of the river between the west end of 
 the canal and La Plaisance Ba}- to the south- 
 east. This work was a]iproved, and was con- 
 structed under his charge, appropriations 
 
298 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 beiii_t( made lor that purpose from time to 
 time by Congress. During tiie years he was so 
 employed, he was also for a time in charge of 
 all the Government harbors on Lake Erie. He 
 was a Democratic member of the legislature in 
 1838, and again in 1841. 
 
 When the Mexican War broke out in 184fi, 
 he offered his services to the Government (he 
 having resigned from the army in 1835), and 
 was appointed a quartermaster in the regular 
 army with the rank of major, in the early 
 .'spring of 1847. After attending to moving the 
 troops going to the seat of war from Michigan, 
 he started on the 10th of May, 1847, for the 
 South, leaving his home for the last time. 
 There had been born to him in Monroe a son, 
 William Henry, and three daughters, Evaline, 
 Katherine and Josephine. He traveled by 
 steamer to Toledo, thence hy canal to Cincin- 
 nati, accompanying two companies of Wiscon- 
 sin troops, taking his two sons. After a few 
 days in Cincinnati, he received orders to goby 
 New Orleans to Vera Cruz, where General 
 Scott's army had landed some months pre- 
 viously. On the way to Cincinnati he had re- 
 ceived the news of the battle of Cerro Gordo, 
 in which his brother. Captain Joseph K.Smith, 
 had taken part. In pursuance of thi.s order he 
 prepared for departure, finishing his necessary 
 duties. He parted witli his sons on the canal 
 wharf at Cincinnati, and never saw them again. 
 Happily his vvife had learned of the order in 
 Monroe on its way to him, and she hastened to 
 join him in Cincinnati, and bade him there a 
 last farewell. The known mortality of the 
 yellow fever in Vera Cruz was such that he 
 deemed the probability to be great that he 
 would not survive the season's exposure, going 
 from the north in the height of summer. He 
 arrived there in the latter part of June, was 
 seized with the di-sease in two weeks, and died 
 on the 24th of July. He was overworked from 
 the hour of his arrival. His j»redeeessor died 
 of the same disease, and after his death three 
 officers were assigned to perform the duties he 
 had alone discharged. Two supply trains, 
 under the command of General Pierce and 
 Major Lally, were sent u]) by him to the army 
 in the interior. 
 
 His younger brother, Captain, afterwards 
 Colonel, Joseph R. Smith, entered the ;irmy 
 from West Point two or three years after he 
 joined, and was severely wounded at the battle 
 
 of Churubusco. He is well remembered at 
 Monroe, where he afterwards resided until his 
 death. 
 
 Major Smith, when a j'oung lieutenant, sta- 
 tioned at Plattsburg, New York, was chal- 
 lenged to a duel by a gentleman from Montreal. 
 Mr. Smith was one of the hosts in a ball given 
 by the officers at Plattsburg. and was com- 
 pelled to expel one of the guests for improper 
 conduct. He challenged Lieutenant Smith, 
 who refused to accept on the ground that^the 
 challenger was not a gentleman. He accepted, 
 however, the challenge of a Canadian friend. 
 After some weeks thej' met. Lieutenant Smith 
 was known to be an excellent shot. The Cana- 
 dian gentleman knew that his only chance was 
 to take the first shot. Major Smith told me he 
 withheld his fire, and finding after the adver- 
 sary's shot (which went through his fur cap) 
 that he was not wounded, he fired into the air. 
 The Canadian rushed uj) to him. thanked him 
 for his generosity, which he declared had given 
 him his life, and was afterwai'ds a warm friend 
 of Lieutenant Smith. 
 
 I am sorry that an autobiograpliical sketch 
 of Major Smith's life, written just before ho 
 left for Mexico, has been lost in the movement 
 of the household furniture after his death. No 
 search has availed to bring it to light. The 
 account of the duel I had from his own lips 
 about the same time. . 
 
 WINFIKLD .S.MITH. 
 
 The part taken b}' Winfield Smith in the 
 public history of Wisconsin, as one other chief 
 officers in a critical period of our country's 
 history, his eminence a.s a member of the bar 
 of Milwaukee through many years of severe 
 and successful practice, and his labors in many 
 ways for the good of his adopted city and 
 State, entitle him to more than a passing ref- 
 erence in any record of the development and 
 advance of that city or State. He is one of the 
 most marked illustrations of the fact that a 
 high grade of character is essential to the 
 truest professional success, to be found any- 
 where in the bar of the Northwest; and those 
 who have been pitted against him in the arena 
 of law or of politics, as well as those who have 
 stood by his side and had the aid of his abii-a 
 ities, are united in their tributes to him as a f 
 
-***<-—' %,yj^ 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OK PkliSENT ANM) FOUMER CITIZENS. 
 
 •299 
 
 lawyer, an otiiiial, and as a man, and liavo 
 willingly given the facts of wliicli this record 
 has been made up. 
 
 The family from which Mr. Smith i.s de- 
 scended iia.s given him. through the gift of 
 nature, many of the ((uaiitie.s of which hi.s 
 success ha.s been the fruit. His father. Captain 
 Henry Smith, of the United States army 
 (Sixth Inf'antr}-), and a graduateof West Point, 
 was of Scotch-Irish descent, alt'.iougli boi'n 
 in Stillwater, New York; while hi.s mother, 
 I'llvira Foster — also a member of one of the 
 best families of New England, afterwards I'csi- 
 deut in Watertovvu, New York, where she 
 was born — was a lady of unusual education 
 and culture. The father .saw severe military 
 service in the Black Hawk War, but resigned 
 his position in the army in 1885 or 183(j, and 
 for several yeai-s was in charge of im|)oi-tant 
 harbor imjirovements under the direction of 
 the Government, on the lower lakes. He re- 
 sided in Monroe, Michigan, from 1833 until his 
 ileath. lie also served in 1838 and in 1841 
 as a member of the Michigan legislature. 
 When war with Mexico was declared he im- 
 mediately offered hi.s services to his country, 
 and was appointed quartermaster on the gen- 
 eral staff, with the rank of major. Ho was on 
 duty at Cincinnati in May of that year, 1847, 
 when he received orders to proceed immedi- 
 ately to Vera Cruz, and went directly to the 
 seat of war. Knowing the dangers of the cli- 
 mate he hardly e.xpected to return, and made 
 his arrangements and addressed his farewells 
 with that end in view. He reached his desti- 
 nation in the latter part of June, and assumed 
 the discharge of his duties on July 1. In about 
 two weeks he was stricken with yellow fevei', 
 which was then r.iging with terrible violence, 
 and died on the twonty-.sccond of July.* He 
 was a man of great natural ability, and his 
 character was such as to commend him to all 
 with whom became in professional or personal 
 contact. 
 
 The son of Captain Henry Smith, Wintield 
 Smith, was born at Fort Howard, in the Terri- 
 tory of Michigan, afterwards VViscon.sin, where 
 his father was then stationed, on Augu.st Iti, 
 1^27. The name was in tribute to General 
 
 The proportion of those who dieJ of this dis- 
 eii.se. in the American array, wa-s greater than the 
 proportion of those who were killed in all the battles 
 of that war. 
 
 Winfiehl Scott, of whose military fainilj- Cap- 
 tain Smith had been a member for five years. 
 His education was a matter of unusual per- 
 sonal care on the part of his parents, and so 
 fully did they amend and supplement such 
 opportunities as he had. that in 1844, then in 
 his seventeenth year, he entered an advanced 
 class in the Michigan State University, and 
 graduated with high rank iw^o years later. 
 He deveU)])ed r-emarkable aptitude in the 
 sciences and mathematics, standing at the 
 head of his class in the study last named. He 
 had been behind his class in Greek upon enter- 
 ing, but soon caught up and held his own with 
 the rest. As he had become proficient in 
 French while at school in Watcrtown, New 
 Y'ork, in 1840, an<l as he learned the German 
 after removal to Milwaukee, he may be re- 
 garded as a linguist, and adds to his other lines 
 of culture those ])ossible onl}- to one who has 
 access to the learning and lileraturc of other 
 lands. 
 
 Upon his departure from the Univei'sity in 
 1846, the young man took charge of a ])i'ivate 
 school in Monroe, Michigan, where his father 
 was professionally located, and which had been 
 his home since 183.'i. In the year loUowing 
 he retired from the school, and assumed the 
 duties of private tutor to a small class in ad- 
 vanccil classics, which gave him time to com- 
 mence the study of the law. In 1848 he en- 
 tered the oftice of Isaac F. Christiancy, after- 
 wards a justice of the Su])reme Court of Michi- 
 gan and Senator of the United States. He ap- 
 plied himself to his legal studies with that 
 industry and thoroughness that have been a 
 part of overj- undertaking of ids life, and when 
 he was admitted to the bar it was with an 
 equipment of knowledge and reading that few 
 young law^-ers pos.scss. In October. 1849, he 
 was led to the decision that the young and 
 growing town of Milwaukee was a promising 
 ])lace in which to commence the real labor of 
 life, and accordingly decided to make it his 
 home. He entered the office of Hmnions & 
 Van Dyke, a firm of high standing, where he 
 still pursued his studies, and soon entered upon 
 practice. In February, 1850, he was admitted 
 to the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, over which 
 Judge Whiton then presided. In 1851 hcopened 
 an office of his own, and remained by himself 
 until 1855, when he formed a partnership with 
 Edward Salomon, allerwards the governor of 
 
300 
 
 IIlSTdRY OK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Wisc'Ousiii. This uoinuntion contiiuiod for 
 fifleoii \ ("lU'.s, ami was only sovored because of 
 Mr. Salomon's do]>arture to New York. From 
 1S(>!) to IS";') ho was assoeiateJ with Josliua 
 Stark, under the tirm name of Smitli iV Stark. 
 a\m\ in later years also associated with Matthew 
 II. Carjionter and A. A. L. Smith, under the 
 rirni name of Oarjientei- & Smiths. Upon Mr. 
 Carpenter's death the lirm name was changed 
 to Winlield & A. A. L. Smith. This associa- 
 tion terminated in 1883. since which date Mr. 
 Smith has been by himself until February, 
 1888. when on the eve of departing for Kurope 
 he formed another partnership, which, under 
 the name of Smith \- Rosendalo, eari-ies on the 
 practice of law at tho present time in Mil 
 waukee. 
 
 Soon alter his admission to the bar, and 
 while on a visit to his old home in Michigan. 
 Mr. Smith was appointed to the office of United 
 States Commissioner and Master in Chancery, 
 by .ludge .V. G. Miller, of tho United States 
 Court. This honor was bestowed upon him 
 without his knowledge or solicitation, but he 
 accepted it and performed nearly all the busi- 
 ness of that character in Milwaukee until his 
 resignation in 18G4. Some of the questions 
 brought to his judicial decision wore of groat 
 importance, as the period covered the o.Kciiing 
 slavery agitation of 1850 to 18ii0, and the 
 greater portion of the civil wai-. Among them 
 wore tho fugitive slave riots, and the l^ioth 
 prosecutions; and although there was great 
 popular chunor, and n\;>ny personal influences 
 to whidi a weaker will or a more fle.xiblo con- 
 science would have bent, he performed his 
 duties as thoy seemed clear to him. in accord- 
 ance with the law and under the obligations of 
 his oilicial oath. 
 
 In 18t>2, when James H. Howe resignetl the 
 ollice of attorney -general of Wisconsin to enter 
 the Union army. Governor Salomon, who was 
 compelled to confront many crises and take 
 many daring risks because of the exigencies of 
 wartime, asked his old partner to accept the 
 vacancy, knowing that in Mr. ."^mith he would 
 possess an adviser whose knowledge of the law 
 and whose patriotisni was unquestioned, and 
 whose personal friendship was of the most loyal 
 cliaracter. The offer was accepted, and when 
 the term expired in 18(53, the people of Wiscon- 
 sin ratitied tho choice of the governor by elect- 
 ing Mr. Smith to the full term, which termi- 
 
 nated on .lanuary 1. lSii(i. He entered upon 
 the discharge of his duties with the .same intel- 
 ligent devotion he had bestowed \ipon the busi- 
 ness of his clients, and served the State as loy- 
 ally as ho would have served his own personal 
 interests.* Ho never left his work to others, 
 but appeared personally before the Supreme 
 Court in all the cases in which the State was 
 interested, with tho exception of a few of a 
 criminal character, which the district attorneys 
 had prepared and desired to present in person. 
 In this labor .Mr. Smith was a pleader success- 
 ful, with hardly an exception. 
 
 It was while holding the office of altoi-uey- 
 general that Mr. Smith was able to perform a 
 largo sei'vico to the State and to win a great 
 measure of i)ublic applause, by his course in 
 connection with the Milwaukee and Rock River 
 canal claims, and tho unadjusted accounts be- 
 tween Wisconsin and tho United States. The 
 full history of that service can not be recounted 
 within tho limits of this sketch, but onlj- 
 enough to show tho magnitude of tho interests 
 involved, ami tho difficulties that hxy in the wa3- 
 of anj- settlement of advantage to the State. 
 
 Congress had granted to the Territory of 
 Wisconsin, to aid in tho building of a canal be- 
 tween Lake Micliigan and Rock River, a large 
 amount of public land ; and it was the expec- 
 tation of the Canal Companj- to obtain these 
 lands when it should biiild the canal connecting 
 the points designated. The work was com- 
 menced, and all of the line that was ever built 
 was one mile within what is now the city of Mil- 
 waukee. From this it obtained an immediate 
 benefit in the shape of valuable water-power, 
 us it included a dam across tho Milwaukee 
 river. Claims for '■ relief '' from the Territory" 
 had been suggested or advanced from time to 
 time, and finally crystallized into a demand that 
 all money expended hy the Canal Company 
 ought to be relunded by tho Territory, as the 
 latter hal never given the company tho lauds 
 obtained froni the General Government for 
 canal purposes. The company also set up the 
 claim that it had boon prevented tVom going ou 
 with its work because the Territory had re- 
 fused to deliver those lands — that great dam- 
 age bad befallen its interests because of this 
 refusal — and that instead of fostering its in- 
 
 * To quote General Fairchild's terse opinion of Mr. 
 Smith's labors : "He was the best attorney-general 
 Wisconsin ever had." 
 
inoCUAl'IllKS ()!• I'KKSKN r AND I'OKMr.K CITI/.KNS. 
 
 ;ioi 
 
 tcroslH iiR ox))or(eil, tlio Teri'ltDrv IdkI (MhsoIvciI 
 all coiiiicctioii will) llu- (•(iin]miiy iin<l solil (lie 
 lands to DtliorN. Not on!}' wuh Hmm fiaim ii<l- 
 vaiK'Oil at homo, hut jircHCiilod to (!(iii<jri'H8 ; 
 Mini while ihiil body did not do anytiiinf^ for 
 lhi> fdinpanyH relief, it still f;ave onoiitjii atten- 
 tion to the demand to withhold from Wisconsin 
 the swamp land whieli, nndoi- other laws, was 
 its due. The representative of the eom])an3' 
 elaimiMl to have sullieleul intliienee with (Jon- 
 i^ress til prevent tiio State from securing not 
 oidy lliese other lands hut also eash ])roc((edM, 
 Id a hn-'^e aniount, ol' the safes of other lands. 
 1 n .short, while the idiiipuny made smull ad- 
 vance in the way of securing any benelits (or 
 itself, it was still able to embiirrass Wisconsin 
 by eausini,' thetienoral tJ overn men t to defer its 
 settlement with the State — wliich had suc- 
 ceedeil to the I'iglitsof the Tei-ritory — until the 
 cimiil question was adjusted. All i)a3'montsby 
 tliedeneral < Jovcrnment to the State on account 
 (if sales 111' land were stopped. Mr. (). II. 
 Waldo, one of the strong men of the Milwau- 
 kee bar, was attorney for the comjiany, and by 
 plausible arguments caused members of Con- 
 gress and others to believe that Wisconsin had 
 really abused and iiijuicd the Milwaukee and 
 Rdck River Canal ('oinpany. 
 
 To go back a moment; These lands, on the 
 line of the proposed canal between Milwaukee 
 and KocU River, had comeinto groat demand for 
 actual settlors. The Territorj' retained jjosses- 
 sion of them for 8(jme time, but was finally 
 compelled to sell, i-ather than retard settlo- 
 inent by kee])ing ihem longer out of the mar- 
 ket. A pi'oposal was made to refund the 
 mono}' received in these sales to the General 
 (iovernment, but the latter declined to accept 
 it. The Territory would not give it to the 
 Canal Compun}'. lor the lu^ason that it had 
 alrcidy advanced the company more than 
 enough money to ])ay lor the proportionally 
 share of the work done. 
 
 I do not know the aggregate of the claims 
 made by the Canal (jompaiiy upon the State, 
 hut it is said to have been up in the hundi-ods 
 iif thousands of dollars. Tho small amount of 
 knowledge held by the after generation as to 
 the facts of tho case, the diHicult^' of obtaining 
 information, as all the books and documents 
 were in th(^ hands of the (dainmnis, and the 
 ingenuity and i)ersislen(;c of Mr. Waldo and 
 his coudjutors, all conibincd to aid tiie com- 
 
 pany's cause ; and had the matter received only 
 a superficial eNaminalion, or been left in hanils 
 of onl>- ordinary competence, u settlement fai- 
 less favorable' to tho State than wiis secured, 
 would have been tho result. Tho time came in 
 I8()2 when a formal movement was made to 
 secure such settlement, and tiio legislalnre took 
 steps leading in that direction.* A (u)mmiltee 
 was appointed, and in IH(!I{ (loviM'uor Salomon 
 exj)laincd its action in a brief communication 
 to the legislature, in which he said: 
 
 I'lxKCiri VK Oi'i'iri;, Maihson, j 
 F(d)ruary li, 18(i:i. J 
 To the t^enate and AxacmliUj: 
 
 I lay belbro you the rejioit of a Hoard of 
 Commissioners apjiointed in IHiiU to ascertain 
 and setlh' the liabilities, if any, of the Stale of 
 Wisconsin to the Milwaukee and Rock River 
 {^anal Company. The opinion of the attorney, 
 general, which forms a pail of this report, I 
 commend to your especial and careful consid- 
 oration. 
 
 The (lOvei'uor added that it was IIh^ province 
 oftho legislature to deter mi no what furtlu^- stejis 
 should be taken. The commissioners, in their 
 rejjort, said that they hail placed the matter in 
 the hands of Att,ornoy-(reneral Winlield Smith 
 to make an examination of the facts and togiv(' 
 his o]iinion of the law. Mis rej)ly convinced 
 them that tho ('anal ('ompany had no claim 
 against the State. 
 
 Mr. Smith's report, which was exhaustive, 
 l)ore date of Decoinber :il. 18(12. It recited 
 the facts connected with the history of tho case, 
 disposed of the various claims, one after an- 
 other, and summed up his conclusions in the 
 following language: 
 
 " Upoti the whole I conclude that the .Mil- 
 waukee and liock River Canal ("ompany ac- 
 (luii-ed no rights through tho act of ('ongi-css 
 granting lands to the Territory for the pur- 
 pose of aiding in opening the canal. That it 
 acquired no rights through any subse<|Ucnt act, 
 of the Territory (except, perhaps, for a time 
 under a contract afterwards comjjletcdy p(!i-- 
 formed). That the Canal Company sustainoil 
 no damage l)y tho legislative act of which it 
 now complains." 
 
 * It should be remarked in pusHing thiit a lnri;e 
 share of credit shoidd he awarded Hon. .1. Allen 
 Barb(?r fur having caused the postpoiienicnl of the 
 claim long enough to have it thuruughly understoixl. 
 
302 
 
 IIISTOKY OF MON'ROE COUNTY, MICHIGAK. 
 
 After the presentation of this opinion from 
 the attorney-general of the Stale, the Canal 
 Company was unable to get any legislation 
 •whatever from the State in its favor, yet still 
 possessed enough influence in Congress to ob- 
 tain action, which, it should be remarked, 
 the State did not oppose. On July 1, 18G4, 
 Congress pa.ssed a joint resolution which or- 
 dered that Wisconsin should be charged for the 
 land given under the canal grant (125,431 
 acres); and that, on the other hand, the State 
 should be credited with the amount expended 
 in selling the lands, and whatever had been 
 paid to the construction of the canal. It was 
 further ordered that the State '-also shall credit 
 to the Canal Company such money as used in 
 construction to that date, and in nianagingaud 
 keeping the same in repair' — this sum not to 
 exceed the amount charged against the State of 
 Wisconsin on the sales of said canal lands; the 
 same to be received by the Canal Company in 
 full satisfaction of all claims against Wisconsin 
 or the United States. 
 
 The commissioner of the land office was ap- 
 pointed to audit the claims, and determine 
 what should go to the company and what to 
 the State. Attorney-General Smith had been 
 carefully investigating all the sources of infor- 
 mation at his command, and proceeded to 
 Washington fully prepared to produce the 
 truth and defend the interests of the State. 
 He spent the greater portion of the winter of 
 1865 in the National capital, Mr. Waldo being 
 present in behalf of the Canal Company. The 
 result of that extended hearing can best be 
 given in the final report as made by Mr. Smith 
 to the Governor of Wisconsin on March 24, 
 1865. The Governor, James T. Lewis, on for- 
 warding it to the legislature made use of the 
 following appreciative words: 
 
 " I enclose herewith a report from the attor- 
 ney-general to' me, of his action in the prem- 
 ises, and take occa.sion to saj' that he is entitled 
 to great credit for the energy and ability he 
 has di.splaj-ed in aiding to bring about this ad- 
 justment.'' 
 
 The report gave a detailed statement of the 
 labor required to get at all the facts in the case. 
 In conclusion the attorney-general .said : 
 
 "I take pleasure in announcing that with 
 these exceptions [certain minor sums which are 
 enumerated] everj- item claimed by the State 
 
 was finall}- allowed by the commissioner and 
 the claim was settled at §56,527.44. 
 
 " The account then passed to the Secretary 
 of the Interior. In his oflSce it was carefully 
 reviewed, and I furnished explanations upon 
 the points 'which were misunderstood or 
 doubted, including some which had not been 
 previously objected to. I had reason to feel 
 that these explanations were satisfactory and 
 that the amount allowed b}' the commissioner 
 would not be reduced. I was at this point 
 summoned to Madison to attend a certain 
 pressing ofiice business, and therefore I was 
 unable to remain until tiie account should be 
 formally passed. I learn that the adjust- 
 ment has since been completed, without mak- 
 ing any changes. 
 
 "The summing up of the canal fund account 
 now stands thus: 
 
 Amount charged by the United States for 
 canal lands, at $1.2-5 per acre . _ $loG,7S9 77 
 
 Amount received on loan, which, with the 
 interest paid, is now allowed to the State 
 by the United .States 1,000 00 
 
 Total $157,789 77 
 
 Deducting expenditures of the State allow- 
 ed on above _. $56,527 44 
 
 .\mount due from the State ._$101,262 33 
 
 '• This adjustment opens to the State the en- 
 jo^ment of the five per cent, fund, so called, 
 which has been retained bj- the United States 
 until the moneys received by the Territorj- on 
 sale of the canal lands should be accounted for. 
 The amount of that fund was on the 31st day 
 of December, 1862. .?250,139.11. Deduct from 
 this §101,262.33, the balance fund due from the 
 State as above, and the remainder, now owing 
 to this State, is fixed at §148,876.78." 
 
 Every dollar of this sum, and the far larger 
 sums since flowing into that fund, have been 
 paid over to tiie State without further delay or 
 objection. The amount that went to the Canal 
 Company was just what it had expended, and 
 no more; what the State was willing it should 
 get, and what the attorney-general believed 
 was its proper and legal due. 
 
 During the terms he held this office he took 
 an active part in the general management of 
 theaff'airs of the Stale, and in connection with 
 legislative committees devised and prepared 
 several important measures which met satis- 
 factorily the necessity of the State and of its 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PKESEVT AND FORMER CITIZEN: 
 
 303 
 
 loyal majority in those days of the civil war. 
 Among these were ciiapter 45, relating to 
 habeas corpus : chapter 233. relating to the 
 commissioners of public lands: chapter 261, 
 relating to mortgages due to the State; chap- 
 ter 455, relating to State lands, and chapter 
 481, improving the jury system in Milwaukee 
 county — all in 1S64. The exigencies of tlie 
 war im]>osed many unus:ial duties upon him. 
 which were faithfully and zealously discharged. 
 In 1872 Mr. Smith was elected the represen- 
 tative of the seventh Milwaukee ward in the 
 State legislature. He was not a candidate for 
 the place and did not wish it. but the people of 
 that ward — one of the most intelligent in the 
 city — insisted uf»on it, and he could not well 
 refuse. He gave three months of the hardest 
 work of his life to his duties in that capacity, 
 and from the first was one of the recognized 
 leaders of the House. He was chairman of 
 the judiciary committee at a time when im- 
 portant amendments to the constitution had 
 just been adopted, and it threw severe and 
 c-ontinued labors upon that committee, whose 
 duty it was to see that all legislation was in 
 accordance therewith. The greater part of the 
 work performed by Mr. Smith in this capacity 
 was therefore of a negative character ; and so 
 busy did it keep him that he had time and oc- 
 casion to draw up but one bill, which was one 
 of the shortest ever placed uj>on the statute 
 books; 
 
 Section 1. The dav of the general election shall 
 be a legal holiday.* 
 
 Mr. Smith procured the passage of several 
 acts, among which was one that must be re- 
 garded as of great practical importance. It 
 was the law authorizing the school lauds com- 
 missioners to loan from the school and other 
 trust funds of the State, to the city of Milwau- 
 kee, money for the construction of the water- 
 works of the city, then about to be undertaken. 
 This plan of making several questions answer 
 
 * Some clerk of the assembly who could not make 
 up bis mind to sanction an act so contrary to bis idea 
 of proper legislation, added, under a general rule 
 which g:»ve him authority, another soetion which, 
 although he did not know it, w.is an ahsiir.lity: 
 ■ This act shall take effect from and after its (>as- 
 - ." It obviously could not take effect until tlie 
 y of election, which would be in November, by 
 which time it must take effect under the constitu- 
 tional provision. 
 
 each other, and all for the public good, was 
 originated by Mr. .Smith, and had the advan- 
 tageof providing for the use of State funds then 
 lying idle by a loan made perfectly secure ; 
 and also of furnishing mone\- to the city at a 
 time when its credit was not as good as at 
 present — of increasing the school fiind and 
 promoting the water- works. This plan was 
 opposed at first as a novelty, but before the 
 end of the session its advantages were so 
 clearly seen that its supporters were largely in 
 the majority. Mr. Smith also strongly sup- 
 ported the law making an annual appropria- 
 tion of ten thousand dollars for the .State 
 University, in addition to the funds it alreadv 
 possessed. 
 
 Mr. Smith might have spent a large portion 
 of his time in public station bad he followed the 
 wishes of those about him, instead of consult- 
 ing his personal choice and his love for the 
 work of bis profession. In 1859 he was nomi- 
 nated for State senator by the Republican con- 
 vention of the sixth district, but was con- 
 strained to decline the honor because, as he 
 said to those who had thus honored him by 
 their choice, " There are confided to me in pro- 
 fessional and various capacities, rights and in- 
 terests of other persons, which demand my 
 whole time and attention. I am not at liberty 
 to neglect or lay down those trusts at this time, 
 and I can not fulfill them c<>nsistently with that 
 devotion to public interests which should be 
 exacted from a senator representing one-half 
 of Milwaukee county." In 1S76 he was ten- 
 dered the appointment of United States District 
 Attorney to succeed Judge Levi Hnbbell. re- 
 signed, but declined to ac-c-ept. When Judge 
 Miller and afterwards Judge Howe retired 
 from the bench of the United States Court for 
 the eastern district of Wisc-onsin, Mr. Smith 
 was upon both occasions nr:;ed to accept the 
 place, as he was also urged to become a candi- 
 date for the Supreme bench of the State upon 
 Judge Kyan's death. In ISSl it was the almost 
 unanimous wish of the bar and public that he 
 should accept a Republican nomination or be- 
 come an independent candidate for circuit 
 judge, to succeed Judge Small, whose term was 
 to expire that year. In all these cases he not 
 only refused to take any step toward the ful- 
 fillment of the general desire, but on the c-on- 
 trary prevented his friends from using his name 
 in connection with the |>ositions. 
 
304 
 
 HISTORY OF MONUOE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Mr. Smith has been connected with the social 
 and business life of Milwaukee in many ways 
 other than political or legal, only a portion of 
 which can be mentioned in this brief summary 
 of his life's labors. He has been vice-president 
 of the Wisconsin Humane Society, and an 
 active worker for that noble organization ; was 
 the first president of the Milwaukee Chess 
 Club ; in 1851 he was secretary of the Young 
 Men's Association, a .society founded for the 
 advancement of education and culture, and that 
 laid the foundation of the great public library 
 now under city control. Ho is |)residonl of 
 and a largo stockholder in the (Jroam City 
 Street Railroad Company, and through that 
 corporation and others has made his energy, 
 ability and means contribute to the growth 
 and development of Milwaukee's material in- 
 terests. 
 
 That Mr. Smith has, almost from the day of 
 his first appearance at the bar of Milwaukee, 
 hold a commanding position and been engaged 
 in an extended practice, goes almost without 
 the saying, in view of the outlines of public 
 usefulness and public confidence given above. 
 His clients have been among the leading men 
 and firms or corporations of Wisconsin, and he 
 has been connected with some of the most ira- 
 ])ortant and intricate cases recorded in the 
 legal history of the State. While it would be 
 impossible to mention all these within the brief 
 compass of this sketch, two can be referred to 
 as containing matters of uti usual public interest. 
 One of these concerned the celebrated draft 
 riot, and the enforcement of the draft in Ozau- 
 kee county during the war, involving the con- 
 stitutionality of acts of Congress authorizing 
 the conscription of citizens and their enroll- 
 ment in the military service of the country; 
 also the law jjower of the governor of the 
 State, in enforcing those acts. It was a time of 
 great cxiitement, and a crisis in public affiiirs, 
 party spirit running high, and every word and 
 movement attracting an excited public atten- 
 tion. Upon the final appeal to the Supreme 
 Court all the acts of Governor Salomon in en- 
 forcing the draft, including the arrest of citi- 
 zens and their imprisonment in the military 
 camp at Madison, were declared to be constitu- 
 tional and in pursuance of law, and the power 
 of the Government to act for its own preserva- 
 tion fully sustained. Mr. Smith, as attorney- 
 general, exhibited a complete mastery of all the 
 
 features of the case, "and his success in the 
 final decision of the Supremo Court was due to 
 close study, careful arrangement, and the full 
 preparation he had made for the trial, and to 
 the principles of law and justice on which he 
 based his pleadings and argument."* 
 
 Still another case of importance with which 
 he was connected at its various stages grew^ out 
 of the controversy between the stockholders of 
 the old Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien Rail- 
 road Company and the old Milwaukee and St. 
 Paul Railroad Company, in which the latter 
 great corporation was enjoined from absorbing 
 and destroying the former company until the 
 rights and interests of its stockholders were 
 protected in a satisfactory and equitable com- 
 promise. " The national importance of the 
 draft case." as one has said, " and the vast 
 j>ecuniary interests involved in the latter, 
 greatly enhanced Mr. Smith's reputation at the 
 bar, and led to an increased practice and to re- 
 tainers in some of the most important litiga- 
 tions of the period.'' 
 
 Politically Mr. Smith was of Democratic an- 
 tecedents, but when he came to the full con- 
 sideration of the great questions confronting 
 the people of America in his early manhood, 
 and saw the wrong and the dangers of slavery, 
 he made his choice according to the dictates of 
 patriotism and conscience. He gave a reason 
 fortius change of faith, and sot it forth ably and 
 fairly in a letter to his old legal instructor, Mr. 
 Christiancy, in a letter bearing date of Septem- 
 ber 20, 185G. In that communication he said : 
 
 " I am among those Democrats who, having 
 been always faithful to the party, were glad in 
 18.52 to vote for its candidate, on the principles 
 then avowed and the pledges then made that 
 the slave question was settled. How that 
 principle has been abandoned, and that jjledge 
 violated, we all know. When the party [Demo- 
 cratic] lent itself to that act of treachery [the 
 repeal of tiie Missouri Compromise] by which 
 territory for thirty years consecrated to free- 
 dom was thrown open to slaverj-, the moral 
 sense of the North was shocked. It was but 
 partially lulled by the delusive cry of popular 
 sovereignty, when it was again aroused by the 
 practical illustration in Kansas of the principle 
 as administered by its great exponent. Even 
 then I hoped, with many others, that the out- 
 rages per]ieti'atcd or .sanctioned bj- the Presi- 
 
 * History of the Bench and Bar of Wisconsin. 
 
HIOGKAI'lIIES OF rUKSENT AND KOKMKK CITIZKNS. 
 
 805 
 
 dent and his advisors might be cliarfroablo only 
 to them, and tiiat the party would repudiate 
 them and their deeds, and free itself of the bur- 
 densome ineubus. Those hopes were disap- 
 ])oiiitcd. The Cincinnati platform openly or 
 tacitly approved of those acts, so hateful in the 
 eyes of Northern men, and distinctly commit- 
 ted the party to a continuance in the same 
 course. 
 
 •'Fremont was nominated on a platfoi-in mod- 
 erate, conservative, and containing only those 
 requii-ements in regard to slavery which tlu^ 
 North might rightfully demand. For the 
 liropriet}', the right, the moral necessity of I'e- 
 stricling slavery to its present limits, once un- 
 disputed on this continent, are clear to my mind 
 whether I consider the sj-stem abstractly or 
 loolc at its practical effects. I then could not 
 hesitateastomy choice. Whatever mightbe the 
 force of partj- ties, of habits, names, associa- 
 tions; whatever might bo the strength of one 
 party or the weakness of the othci- ; whatever 
 might be the result, victory or defeat, I could 
 not but determine to throw mj' influence in 
 favor of the rights of the North, the rights of 
 freemen everywhere. I could not join in anj- 
 conspiracy to destroy liberty or promote 
 slavery anywhere; and certainly not in this 
 land where the question is vital to ourselves: 
 f(ir if the plan of admitting slave States to the 
 I'nion shall succeed, until the political power 
 of the South shall predominate, the slight fore- 
 taste we have had of their method of using 
 [lower leads me to fear that wo shall riot be 
 exempt from a more bitter experience of that 
 tyrann\-. With those views, which subsequent 
 reflection has confirmed. I determined to vote 
 for those candidates who, ])ersonally highly 
 acceptable to me, were pledged to carry out 
 principles — more important than men." 
 
 Holding these views it was impossible for 
 Mr. Smith to be anj'thing but an earnest and 
 outspoken friend of the Union cause when war 
 was declared by the slave-holding power, and 
 to labor in all possible wa^-s for the success of 
 the North. He was vicopresident of the first 
 committee organized in Milwaukee for the sup- 
 port of the war. He had fully arranged to 
 enlist and go to the field of actual service, 
 when the demand was made upon him by Crov- 
 ernor Salomon that he should go to Madison 
 and give the same loyal and needed service in 
 another line of duty. But ho did not confine 
 
 his activity to that labor. He was instant at 
 all seasons and in many ways for the Union's 
 good, urging enlistments, looking after the 
 families of those who were left behind. His 
 war speeches were among the best and most 
 effective of any of those delivered in the West, 
 antl although they can not be referred to in do- 
 tail, the tone and temper with which he dis- 
 cussed the great questions in issue, can be 
 learned from isolated extracts. In one deliv- 
 ered on February 24, 18(i2, he used tlie follow- 
 ing strong and viijorous language ; 
 
 •'The real grounds of the present wur are the 
 same on which the ]iatriots of the Revolution 
 stood. Tiie freedom which they gained wo 
 maintain ; the Tories of that da\- have their 
 parallel in the .secessionists of this; the attack 
 on Fort Sumter is but a repetition of Hunker 
 Hill ; and it may be that in Fort Donel.son we 
 have already seen our Yorktown." 
 
 "Lot us he thankful that we are not left 
 destitute. The protecting eye which watched 
 over the birth of the Nation is not closed in 
 this its struggle with the angel of death. 
 The arm then stretched forth to save is not 
 shortened. The finger of God it is that has 
 written in the hearts of this grateful people of 
 the North, courage, zeal, chivahy, and uncon- 
 (|ucral)le iletermination to succeed." 
 
 ■' When this rebellion shall be subdued, when 
 'unconditional surrender' shall be the 'com- 
 promise' accepted b}' all armed rebels, when 
 our heroes that have gone fortli in hope and 
 courage shall return in triumph and honor, 
 when the foundations of our Government shall 
 have been laid deeper and broader by their 
 hands, and they and we shall rejoice over the 
 noble work, think not that we shall be content 
 to accept the past as the measure of the future. 
 The constitution may be the same, but the 
 mode of expounding it can not but be liberal- 
 ized. The (iovernment will remain, but it will 
 be administereil in a spirit of greater freedom 
 and more personal equalitj'. The Northmen, 
 thus conquerors, will not tamely bow their 
 necks to the old j'oke, nor reconstruct that 
 fabric of political t^-ranny which they are about 
 to destroy. Tiie evils they have put under 
 foot they will never again endure. They will 
 not vanquish the enemies of the I'nion. and 
 yield them renewed homage.'' 
 
306 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 At Miidison, on October 2, 1863, he ciolivcred, 
 in reply to an oration of Edward G. Ilyun, a 
 speech upon " War Under the Constitution," 
 which made a deep impression upon tiic public 
 thought, and helped to set many who wavered 
 into a right view of the rights and powers of 
 the General Government. After an extended, 
 learned and logical discussion of his theme, he 
 concluded with tliis caustic touch: 
 
 "Martial law is despotic — a dreadful evil. 
 Battles are murder — no less an evil. The 
 more reason for driving the war to a speedy 
 close. Both are opposed to the peaceful spirit 
 of the constitution; both without justification 
 except in necessity; neither expressly forbid- 
 den in the constitution, noi- expressly sanc- 
 tioned ; yet both necessary incidents of war, 
 not to be avoided by any theory ; cruelly in- 
 truded upon us, who are painfully unwilling. 
 No constitution can bridle bloody war with the 
 silken reins of peace, turn bayonets into con- 
 stable's staves, nor ])lant courts and juries uj50n 
 a battlefield. We can not persuade rebel armies 
 to submit to trial upon tiie indictment of a 
 grand jury; nor will a warrant arrest the whiz- 
 zing minie and the screaming shell. In sucii 
 perils the constitution is to be upheld, not by 
 lawyers and their orations, but by heroes and 
 their blood! Narrow and unsafe that con- 
 struction which declares the constitution uii- 
 equalto such emergencies! Our commander- 
 in-chief must take from the enemy mules, cat- 
 tle, corn, cotton, wagons; must burn houses, 
 ships, cities ; must capture and kill! Do not 
 rebels the same? Can our general aciiieve 
 success if he is unable to picket his horses, form 
 lino of battle, or direct a march, destroy a 
 building, cut down a tree, for fear of broken 
 constitution and a suit for trespass? Or if the 
 control over the territory subject to his arms 
 be denied to him because occupied by citizens 
 not belonging to the belligerent armies? Such 
 trifling revolts common sense. The war power 
 — OUTSIDE of the constitution, because not 
 named b}- it; within the constitution because 
 implied in the right to make war — is and of 
 necessity must be supreme within its sphere! " 
 
 The opposition press referred to these conclu- 
 sions as " dangerous to liberty," but in the 
 light of iiistorj- who was the prophet, Wiiifiold 
 Smith or the men who would have set his logic 
 and his conclusions at naught? 
 
 In addition to Mr. Smith's speeches, he made 
 
 continual use of the pen, and the liepublican 
 press of the State during war da^-s could 
 furnish many evidences of that fact, in edi- 
 torials and communications. He was also 
 author of a vigorous and keenly humorous bal- 
 lad, which shovved MacClellan to the world in a 
 light other than that in which his followers 
 regarded him — a versification that found 
 great favor at the time, but whoso authorship 
 was known to but few. 
 
 The qualities of manly resolution and intel- 
 lectual strength which belonged to tlie father, 
 and of culture and refinement that were the 
 ])o.sse8sions of the mother, have united to pro- 
 duce in the son a character and bearing that 
 have won him admiration and friends, and en- 
 abled him to secure and retain the public con- 
 fidence and respect that he has for so many 
 years held. The superior education which op- 
 portunity, application, and a deep thirst for 
 knowledge enabled Winfield Smith to gain, has 
 supplemented his natural gifts; and much of 
 the force and polish of his writings and forensic 
 efforts may be attributed to his familiarity with 
 classic models and the literature of ancient as 
 well as modern times. Among iiis mental char- 
 acteristics may be mentioned keen discernment 
 of the meaning and measure of things about 
 him, determination to accomplish what he un- 
 dertakes, self reliance, an independence of 
 thought and action, strong religious convic- 
 tions, and an imagination fervid and yet tem- 
 pered with good judgment. With an analyt- 
 ical mind he reaches his conclusions bj' the 
 way of logic, and is ever ready to furnish a 
 reason for the faith that is within him. Taking 
 nothing for granted, he demands a reason for 
 every proposition that is submitted to his un- 
 derstanding. He does not form his opinions 
 suddcnl}- or from impulse. His beliefs are the 
 fruits of experience, or ripened and intelligent 
 study, based upon all the facts that can be 
 brought to his knowledge. A fine natural 
 orator, he has been called to the public plat- 
 form upon many important occasions, and has 
 ever acquitted himself with honor and to the 
 gratification of those whom he addressed ; loyal 
 in his friendship; sincere, candid ; with a word 
 that is never broken ; generous in manj- quiet 
 deeds of benevolence ; loving music, flowers, 
 and all that can elevate or improve mankind, 
 and guided only by what he believes to be 
 right, regardless of the views or expressions of 
 
BKHIRAPIIIES OF rUKSKNT AND KOUMER CITI/EN^ 
 
 ;50Y 
 
 other men. Even in his earlj' school days lie 
 was rcf^anled as painstaking, stuilious and thor- 
 ough, and since those years has had little time 
 and no inclination for the gaining of success by 
 arts which many are able to follow. The only 
 road thereto that suggested itself to him was 
 by hard work and the employment of straight- 
 forward and direct methods. As a lawyer he 
 has gained a special distinction in the line of 
 equity jurisprudence, in which he has hardly a 
 su]H'rior in the ^Jorthwest. But his success 
 has b}" no means been confined to any one 
 branch of his profession, as he is equally at 
 lionic in them all. Viewed from any side, 
 Winfield Smith maybe regarded as a man who, 
 while winning a marked success by his talents 
 and in(lustrj% has at the same time made a good 
 use of and has justified that success. 
 
 The natural law of compensation does not 
 permit many men to excel in more than one 
 avocation. Yet there are those who arc en. 
 liowed with such versatilitj- that almost any 
 path they may choose to take will lead to emi- 
 nence. Mr. Smith belongs to this limited cat- 
 egory. As above shown, he has essayed to do 
 many things of a literary and business nature 
 outside of his profession, and it is not too much 
 to say that in no ordinary measure he has suc- 
 ceeded in them all. In drawing up a brief foi- 
 tiic highest judicial tribunal; in addressing 
 himself on a question of fact to the human 
 sympathies and homely sense of a jurj' ; in 
 appealing through the cold power of logic to the 
 calm judgment of a court on an issue of law. 
 he seems eijually at home and equally and 
 singulai'Iy successful. But the same is likewise 
 true in a much wider field. Said a prominent 
 business gentleman who had known him inti- 
 mately for manj- years: " Wit\fiel(l Smith is 
 a success wherever you find him. Asa lawyer 
 he is excelled by none in the Northwest, and 
 is equaled b}^ few ; yet as a literary man of 
 clean, caustic expression upon an}' subject on 
 which dut}- or inclination prompts him to speak 
 or wi'ite, he stands equally high. He was my at- 
 tiirnej'," said this informant, " until hispracticc 
 had outgrown and risen above the dimensions 
 of ordinary matters of controversj-, when it 
 was necessary to seek other legal talent to take 
 his place." 
 
 The genius of no lawyer can supplant hard 
 work, and it does not with Mr. Smith. lie 
 studies his cases thoroughly, and he studies 
 
 both sides, and is therefore prcpare<l to meet 
 any point of argument which might n^ason- 
 abl}' be expected from an adversarj-. A men- 
 tion of several im])Ortant litigations with which 
 he has been connected should be added to tho.se 
 already- referred to. lie was retained in be- 
 half of the defendants, in 1875, in a number of 
 the i)rosccutions commenced by the United 
 States against persons charged with violations 
 of the revenue laws. These cases were of much 
 importance to the parties interested, and at the 
 time attracted great attention. The results 
 were generallj' unfavorable to the defendants, 
 but his clients were entirely satisfied with the 
 strenuous and able efforts of Mr. Smith, and 
 his ])artial successes were regarded as victories, 
 considering the odds against which he had to 
 '•oniend. His practice in revenue cases had, 
 before this, been extensive, and his knowledge 
 of that department of professional labor was 
 exhaustive. For several years he was a part- 
 ner of Mr. Stark, one of the best known law- 
 yers of the Milwaukee bar, and they conducted 
 among others a litigation involving the man- 
 agement of the Sentinel Company, in which 
 case they won a signal triumph and much 
 credit also. 
 
 But no case in Wisconsin has for many years 
 been the subject of more wide attention from 
 business men than the action brought by Mr. 
 Daniel Wells against Peter Mcdeoch, both of 
 Milwaukee, to recover a verj- large sum of 
 money which the plaintiff claimed he paid bj' 
 reason of the defendant's misrepresentations to 
 liim. This is popularly- known as "the lard 
 case," and as nearly everybody in Milwaukee 
 atid Chicago knows something of its history, 
 the eiHjuirer need only to designate it by this 
 oleaginous title to elicit whatever information 
 concerning it the party interrogated maj' pos- 
 sess. The princi|)al defense was that the tran- 
 sactions between the parties were illegal, be- 
 cause they were in violation of the Illinois 
 statutes forbidding what is understood as 
 •'corners," and the defendant claimed the sub- 
 ject of controversy to be money gained by the 
 parties in one successful corner and lost by 
 them in the lard corner. The case was decided 
 in the lower court in favor of the defendant 
 u])on this ground, and has been argued be- 
 fore the Supreme Court on apjteal, the prin- 
 cipal question being whether the illegalit}- 
 mentioned constitutes a valid defense. The 
 
308 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 case was begun in 1883, and is voiy voluminous, 
 and lias required almost continuous labor from 
 the counsel. The brief drawn by Mr. Smith 
 extends over nearly a hundred printed pages, 
 and is considered by attorneys, who can best 
 appreciate its merits, as a model for method 
 of arrangement, logical statement and per- 
 spicuity'. Tiiis case resulted in the award by 
 the Supreme Court of Wisconsin to Mr. Wells, 
 Mr. Smith's client, of a judgment of over $250,- 
 000, which was paid. 
 
 Outside of the jjractice of law, Mr. Smilii's 
 literary qualities are chiefly exhibited in his 
 love of study, his practical mastery of two 
 modern languages, his translations from the 
 German, his divers public sjieeches and his 
 numerous articles, descriptive and controver- 
 sial, in the daily press. How ho has found op- 
 portunitj- to write so much as he has at times 
 done for publication, and still attend to the 
 urgent and taxing duties of his practice, can 
 not be I'eadily conceived by intellects less 
 active, less comprehensive and less flexible. 
 Yet while he has done this and much more, 
 especially in large outside business matters, he 
 has continued to grow in weight and prestige 
 as a lawyer, and, as already seen, the largest 
 case perhaps in all his professional career is the 
 one last described, which, with Mr. Fish, he 
 now has in hand and is contesting against 
 Messrs. Stark and Miller. 
 
 The position Winficld Smith holds as presi- 
 dent of the Cream City Raih-oad came to him 
 by a natural sequence of circumstances, and 
 was unsought and undesired. He bought some 
 stock in the road by way of patronizing a public 
 enterprise, and was elected a director. The 
 company was not prospering as well as the 
 .stockholders could wish. His efficiency as a 
 director was quickly recognized; a change of 
 management was desired, and the burden of 
 executive responsibility was shifted to the 
 shoulders of Mr. Smith. When he assumed 
 control in 1878 the stock was worth but sixty 
 to seventy cents. It has since appreciated to 
 upwards of one dollar and sixty cents, and the 
 stockholders may be taken for good authority 
 that much of the credit for this gratifj'ing ap- 
 preciation belongs to their president. The 
 road is in all respects well equipped, anil h;\s 
 certainly arrived at an era of ])rosperity. 
 
 It may further be .said of Mr. Smith as a 
 speaker and a writer, that he especially excels 
 
 in descriptive power. His delineations are 
 characterized by the careful precision of the 
 lawyer, and by that vivid presentation of in- 
 cident, of which the reading public never tires. 
 Conspicuous illustrations, did space permit, 
 might be drawn from his earnest and eloquent 
 eulogies to the respective memories of Byron 
 Paine and Senator Matt. Carpenter. These ad- 
 dres.ses were delivered in the Supreme Court 
 at Madison, the former in response to an invi- 
 tation from the Milwaukee bar. Of Mr. Car- 
 jienter he could speak witli feeling, for they 
 had sustained, as partners, a nearer relation 
 than that of bi'other lawyers. The two ad- 
 dresses are in marked contrast to each other, 
 in tidelity to the corresponding differences of 
 the men. The I'oiigh, impassioned earriestness 
 of Mr. Paine, his sterling character, his un- 
 polished worth and even his defects, which 
 could hardly be spared from the individuality 
 of the man, were painted by an artist whose 
 chief endeavor was to draw a picture of his 
 subject whicli all would recognize. Hence the 
 sketch was like that of a mountain, rugged, 
 ponderous, grand. Its torrents may at times 
 be turbid, but they come down with force. 
 There is reserved power in overhanging mas.ses 
 of snow antl ice. The detonations of a rifle 
 may convert them into an avalanche. But 
 Ihe cultured, pervasive intellect of Mr. Carpen- 
 ter, with its ruling triumvirate of wisdom, learn- 
 ing, wit, constitutes a different subject, and its 
 portraiture by Mr. Smith corrcsiJouds: 
 
 " He studied the literature as well as the 
 philosophy of law, and his learning strength- 
 ened the arguments which his logic inspired. 
 His addresses were even more attractive to 
 cultivated men of his own profession than to 
 tho.se not trained to the law, and in courts he 
 gained his highest glories, great as was his 
 oratorical reputation among the people. His 
 clear thoughts, his terse but fluent phrases, his 
 felicitous turnsofspeecii, often running into de- 
 lightful wit, his continual good nature, his 
 persuasive manner, his melodious voice — than 
 which none more captivating was ever heard 
 in a court — all gave to his forensic eloquence 
 a charm which judges felt even more than 
 juries.' 
 
 Mr. Smith has tried his hand at describing 
 material objects and scenery, as well as the 
 minds of men. His published account of the 
 ruin wrought by the Chicago fire ranks among 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PRESENT ANIJ FORMER CITIZENS. 
 
 ■A09 
 
 the first of the many thrilling narratives in- 
 spired by that grand and terrible desolation. 
 Hilt tlie literary effort which, with tiie peculiar- 
 ities of the occasion, will bo sure to preserve 
 Mr. Smith's name for unborn generations, is 
 the speech made b}^ him about four years ago 
 in -Milwaukee at theseini-eentennial celebration 
 of the first election over held in that cilj-. 
 The occasion was memorable. A handful of 
 survivors of the thirty-nine men who voted at 
 that election were present and added impres- 
 sive interest to the scene. The address was 
 listened to by the large concourse of people as- 
 sembled in Schlitz Park with rapt attention, 
 and drew encomiums from the citj' press. The 
 speaker reviewed the past, minutely depicted 
 the events, incidents and results of tliat first 
 election ; described the formalities of eastern 
 extraction which constrained the suflfragists 
 to select one of their number for " fence- 
 viewer,' when no fence existed within the 
 limits of the count}'. He did not fail to pay a 
 deserved and glowing tribute to the deter- 
 mined, patient pioneers who laid the founda- 
 tions of a largo and flourishing city. As cen- 
 turies and lialf centuries come and go, this first 
 celebration of the first election in Milwaukee 
 will be recalled from musty files of papers and 
 faded documents, and with it will bo recalled 
 the name and utterances of the orator of the 
 occasion, Mr. Winfield Smith. 
 
 Mr. Smith's family consists of his wife, who 
 was Miss Sarah M. Fellows, born in Lockport, 
 Xew Vork; his daughter, Anna, married in 
 1S74 to Edward C. Hopkins, of Milwaukee; 
 his son, Henry L. Smith, residing in Milwau- 
 kee, married to Miss Joan Brayton, of Cleve- 
 land, Ohio; Evalyn. married to William Staf- 
 ford, of New York ; Winfield Robert, graduated 
 in 1889 from the University of Wisconsin ; 
 -Mabel, Foster and Grace, now just returned 
 from a few months' voyage in Europe. -Mr. 
 Smith wont in March, 1888, with two flaughtcrs 
 to Europe, and after vi.siting Paris, Rome, 
 Naples, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and 
 Eondon, ho returned in October, leaving liis 
 daughters to spend the winter there, jirosecut- 
 ing their studies in French, German and music. 
 All are happily united in Milwaukee. 
 
 In the spring of 1889 the site for a new post 
 office, costing 81,200,000, for the city of Mil- 
 waukee, was to be determined by the Secretary 
 of the Treasury-. Mr. Smith was .selected to 
 
 jiropare the argument in i'avor of a position 
 ncai' that previously occu]iic<l, and to press 
 orally the adoption of that j)osition, both be- 
 fore the secretary and his subordinate officers 
 in Washington and the agents dispatched b}- 
 him to Milwaukee for the ])urpose of personal 
 examination. His efforts were altogether sat- 
 isfactory to his constituents, and were crowned 
 with complete success. 
 
 UKNJAMIX l.)AXSARl) 
 
 Was boni in Fiance, and by his father educated 
 for a Roman ('atholic priest; but on arriving at 
 the aire of manhood, he declined further service 
 in tho church, jireferring a mercantile and busi- 
 ness life. He settled in Monroe in 183(i, and 
 for a number of j'ears was a dry goods mer- 
 chant. Being a very fine French scholar, ho 
 gave instruction in that language to a number 
 of classes in the city, his first pupil being Doctor 
 Osgood, famous for the remedy so universally 
 used in the West for fever and ague, known as 
 " Osgood's Cholagogue. ' He was a type of the 
 genuine Parisian French, cultivated and refined 
 in manner, light-hearted, very courteous and 
 polite, very domestic in his habits. He married 
 the daughter of Joseph Boyez, a merchant of 
 Monroe. He was a tender, devoted and loving 
 husband, and loved gain that ho might obtain 
 the comforts and enjoyments of a luxurious life 
 for himself and fainil}-. In 1858 he closed up 
 his business as a merchant and opened a bank- 
 ing office, and with liis eldest son, Joseph, con- 
 stituted the firm of B. Dan.sard & Son, which 
 continued until the death of his son, when bis 
 only remaining son, Benjamin, was his suc- 
 cessor in the firm. The firm has ever sustained 
 a fine reputation as bankers. 
 
 His eldest son, Joseph, married the daughter 
 of Dr. George Landon. He died May 5, 1879. 
 His wife, Mary, died April 19, 1882, leaving 
 one son and four daughters, now residing in 
 Monroe. 
 
 Th(r youngest son, Benjamin, the only surviv- 
 ing child, continues in the business as a banker 
 in what is known as the " Dansard Block." 
 
 Benjamin Dansard died January 20, 1888, at 
 the age of seventy-five, leaving a very hand- 
 .soine fortune to his descendants. He was a 
 member of the Masonic Order, under whose 
 auspices ho was buried, and tbe resolution 
 
310 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 adopted by the Order well expresses the esti- 
 mate of the Order: 
 
 " Resolved, That in the death of our esteemed 
 brother, Benjamin Dansard, of this city, the 
 State and comnuiuity of which he was a resi- 
 dent for more than fifty years have lost a loyal, 
 law-abiding citizen ; the business community a 
 man of rare ability and the strictest business 
 integrity; the fraternity of which he was an 
 esteemed member a faitlifuland earnest brother, 
 and his fimily a wise, indulgent and loving- 
 father." 
 
 GEORGE HENRY GREENE, 
 
 Formerly of Raisinville but now of Lansing, 
 Michigan, was born October 12, 1836, on Grosse 
 Isle, the beautiful island in Detroit TJiver. Mr. 
 Greene comes of good New England stock. He 
 is a liheal descendant in the ninth generation 
 of John Greene, of Warwick, Rhode Island, 
 surgeon, who came in 1635 from England to 
 Salem, Massachusetts. This ancestor was, 
 like Roger Williams and for similar reasons, 
 banished from Massachusetts Colony in 1638, 
 when he joined Williams in Providence, and in 
 1642 became a resident of Warwick, Rhode 
 Island, where the family became very numer- 
 ous. The Warwick Greenes, his descendants, 
 have ever been a conspicuous family in Rhode 
 Island from the foundation of the colony. 
 
 John Greene was also the ancestor of General 
 Nathaniel Greene, Governor William Greene, 
 Revolutionary^ War Governor of Rhode Island, 
 and Ray Greene, General Albert Collins Greene 
 and Henry B. Anthony, United States Senators 
 from Rhode Island, the latter of whom was 
 called " the father of the Senate " from having 
 been five terms consecutively elected by his 
 State to full terms in the United States Senate. 
 Also numbered among his doscenduiits are 
 Colonel Christopiier Greene, who commanded 
 at the battle of Red Bank, War of the Revolu- 
 tion ; General George Sears Greene, of the 
 Union Army, War of the Rebellion, and his son, 
 Samuel Dana Greene, who was executive 
 officer of the first Monitor in her victorious 
 encounter with theMerrimac ; Mrs. Julia Ward 
 Howe ; and of George Washington Greene, 
 Samuel Greene Arnold and William Hickling 
 Prescott, the historians. 
 
 George H. Greene was a son of Augustus 
 Wooden Greene, who was born in I'rovidence, 
 
 Rhode Island, March 13, 1813, and who came 
 to Michigan from Vermont in the autumn of 
 1834. At that time it required eight da3's to 
 come from Buffalo to Detroit by way of Lake 
 Erie, which was the quickest route. At Tren- 
 ton he met Miss Amy Junkins Davis, born 
 May 16, 1818, at Zanesville, Ohio, and the}- 
 were married December 2, 1835. Her father, 
 David Davis, with his family had been residents 
 of Michigan since a time prior to 1827, Au- 
 gustus W, Greene and his young wife began 
 housekee])ing on Grosse Isle, where he engaged 
 in farming. In 1837 he began work on a con- 
 tract he had taken to excavate a portion of the 
 canal projected from Gibralter to Flat Rock, 
 and had much of it completed when in conse- 
 quence of the panic of that year the canal 
 company broke up, leaving him without return- 
 for the mone3' and labor expended. He then 
 removed to Raisinville, where he resided forty 
 years; then emigrating to Hodgeman county, 
 Kansas, in 1878, he there died June 6, 1879, 
 aged sixty six years. 
 
 The subject of this sketch therefore spent 
 his boyhood years and qavIj manhood in Rai- 
 sinville. Here he obtained his education, to- 
 gether with one academic j'ear at Yates Acad- 
 emy, in Yates, Orleans county. New York, in 
 1853 54. He then engaged, at the age of eigh- 
 teen, to teach his first school in what was called 
 the Barnes district, town of London, in the 
 winter o( 1854-55. This was the beginning of 
 a successful career as a teacher. He taught 
 during the winter terms from that time until 
 1863, with the exception of one year. Dur- 
 ing that 3'ear, beginning in the autumn of 1857, 
 ho was a clerk in the drug store of S. M. 
 Sackett, but this business proving distasteful 
 to him he resumed teaching, and many of his 
 pupils who are now respected men and women 
 of Monroe county will recall with kindly re- 
 membrance the time thej' were under his tute- 
 lage. After leaving the drug store he was en- 
 gaged during the summer months of several 
 years in selling paper for the Monroe Paper 
 Mills, then owned by William P. Gale. 
 
 On the 8th of April, 1862, Mr. Greene was 
 married to Miss Julia Lucretia Baldwin, daugh- 
 ter of Mr. Goodrich Baldwin, of Raisinville, 
 and in April, 1863, removed to Lansing, Michi- 
 gan, where he engaged in the manufacture of 
 chairs. Three years later he accepted the ap- 
 pointment of overseer of a cane shop at the 
 
KIOGRAPHIES OK PRESENT AND lORMER CITIZENS. 
 
 :^I1 
 
 State Reform School. Here his aptness iu the 
 control of the unruly element of the school 
 was soon recognized by the managers of that in- 
 stitution, and the ensuing year he was appoint- 
 ed its ])rincipal teacher, and soon after again 
 promoted and became assistant superintendent. 
 In this position, which he occupied several 
 years, ho became successful and popular in 
 the government and discipline of the boys of 
 the institution, a task rocjuiring the exercise of 
 much wisdom, patience and kindness. In 1871 
 he entered the office of secretary of stale and 
 assisted in the compilation of tlie census of 
 1870, which being completed he was tendered 
 a clerkship in the auditor-general's office. Here 
 again his efficiency and close application to 
 his duties brought him promotion, and he be- 
 came chief of one of the divisions of that office 
 — a position he .still Iiolds, enjoying the full 
 confidence and respect of his chief 
 
 He has been an active member of the Masonic 
 fraternity since he entered the Order in ISti"), 
 and has filled with credit many of its offices. 
 During four years, 1871-4, he was Master of 
 Lansing Lodge, No. 33. F. and A. M.: nine j'ears, 
 1874 to 1883, High Priest of Capital Chapter, 
 No. 9, E. A. M.; one year, 1870, T. I. Master of 
 Lansing Council, No. 29, R. and S. M.; nine 
 years, 1877 to 1886, Prelate of Lansing Com- 
 mandery. No. 25, K. T.:and in 1883 he was M. 
 I. Grand Master of the Grand Council of Royal 
 and Select Mastei's of Michigan. He has also 
 been a member continuously, except one j'ear, 
 since 1880 of the finance committee of the 
 Grand Chapter of R. A. M. of Michigan. 
 
 In |)olities Mr. Greene has al\va3's been a 
 Republican. Reaching his majority in 1857 
 his first vote for Governor was cast for Mo.ses 
 Wisncr, and his first votein a presidential con- 
 test was cast for Abraham Lincoln. 
 
 In religious association he is a Congrogation- 
 alist. He was actively identified with the 
 formation and subsequent growth of the 
 Franklin Street Presbj'terian Church of Lans- 
 ing, serving as an elder therein, and for a num- 
 ber of years was superintendent of its Sabbath 
 school. 
 
 He i.s greatly interested in the work of the 
 .Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society, which 
 is doing so much to preserve the history of the 
 pioneers and pioneer customs of the early days 
 of Michigan. lie was elected its correspond- 
 ing secretary in 1879, and his services are still 
 
 retained in that office, the society having 
 annually re-elected him since that time to that 
 ])osition. 
 
 He was one of the five commissioners ap- 
 pointed by Governor Luce to represent Michi- 
 gan at the National Centennial Celebration 
 coinineinorative of the first settlement of and 
 the establishment of civil government in the 
 ■Territory Northwe-st of the River Ohio" under 
 the ordinance of 1787, held at .Marietta. Ohio, 
 July 15. 1888. 
 
 He is proud of the fact that his family, in a 
 long line of nine generations, beginning in 
 New England but a few years later than the 
 landing of the Pilgrims, has helped to make 
 the entire history of this Nation; and that he, 
 born three months before .Michigan was admit 
 ted into the Union, has participated in its entire 
 history as a .State. 
 
 MA,IOU GKItSHoM TAINTOR BILKLEY. 
 
 Among the man3- prominent New England- 
 ers who came to Michigan in 1832 to engage in 
 business in the rapidi}- growing Territory, was 
 the subject of this sketch. The great resources 
 of the country, the vast possibilities for manu- 
 facturing and mercantile ))ursnits, made a deep 
 impression upon his mind, deciding the 
 question of a removal hithei- in a short time. 
 Major Bulkley was the great-grandson of Rev. 
 Peter Bulkley, D. I)., who was one of the first 
 clergymen of Massachusetts and ('onnecticut, 
 coming from P>ngland to Cambridge, Massa- 
 chusetts, in 1635. He was a staunch puritan, 
 a coadjutor of Cotton Mather, and, like many 
 of that liberty-loving race, left Kngland on 
 account of the oppressions of the church — a 
 non-conformist. 
 
 The families of this name in New York, 
 Massachusetts and Connecticut are all de- 
 scended from Dr. Peter Bulkley. 
 
 Gershom T. Bulkley was born at Colchester, 
 Connecticut, March 8, 1780, removing to 
 Williamstown. Massachusetts, with his father's 
 family when a young man. There, by careful 
 and persevering attention to business, by 
 adhering to the principles which were prom- 
 inent in the character of his great ancestor, 
 he attained an enviable distinction. He was 
 actively enjraged in farming and manufac- 
 turing, and later in mercantile pursuits. He 
 
312 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 acceptably served his district in the State legis- 
 lature, and invariably received the approval 
 of his constituency as an able and faithful 
 public servant. Various civil appointments 
 were also filled by him, and he was one of the 
 staunchest friends of Williams College, aiding 
 by his influence and private funds in its less 
 palmy da3S. that now famous and prosperous 
 institution. 
 
 In the War of 1S12 he was among tiie first 
 to volunteer his services in the defense of his 
 State, and was commissioned a major of cavahy. 
 which he held as long as the services of his 
 command were needed. 
 
 In 1836 he removed with his family to 
 Monroe, and at once engaged in busiTiess with 
 his characteristic energyand enterprise. He was 
 one of the commissioners of the G-overnment 
 works at the harbor of Monroe, and in con- 
 structing the canal. In 1844, without .solic- 
 itation on his part he received from the Pres- 
 ident of the United States the appointment 
 of registrai- of the United States Land Office, 
 the duties of which office at that time were 
 onerous and complex, but which he discharged 
 with faithfulness and ability until the offices 
 were consolidated. Mercantile affairs and farm- 
 ing largely occupied his time and attention 
 until the later years of his life. Ho was an 
 extensive reader, well-informed upon all 
 questions of public polity, and kept fully 
 abreast with the leading current topics of his 
 age, even to the last day of his life. His death 
 occurred at Monroe, on October 10, lS(i2, in the 
 eighty-third year of his age. 
 
 CHARLE.S WING NOBLE 
 
 Was born at Monroe, Monroe county, Michigan, 
 on the l.Stii day of February, 1 828. He was the 
 son of Hon. Charles Noble by ElizaWing Noble, 
 of Monroe. He attended the Monroe district 
 schools from the time he was four years of age 
 until he wont to Williamstown, Massachusetts, 
 in 1830, returning home in 1837, and then 
 attending the Monroe branch of the University, 
 under the Eev. S. Center, as long as that 
 institution was in existence. He then had 
 desiiltory teaching until he entered the 
 University in 1842, from whicb he graduated 
 in 1840. After graduation he in company with 
 Charles J. Wood taught a school for a few 
 
 months in Monroe; after that was for a short 
 period in the banking office of N. E. Haskell. 
 
 He then entered the law office of Noble & 
 Grosvenor, where he remained in the study of 
 the law until July, 1848, when he went to 
 Cleveland. He entered the law office of 
 Hitchcock, Willson & Wade. In 1849 he was 
 admitted to the bar at Cleveland, and im- 
 mediatel}' formed a copartnership with 
 Hulbei't E. Paine, afterward a general in the 
 Federal army during the Rebellion, sub- 
 .sequently for two terms a member of Congress 
 from the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, district, and 
 since then a lawyer at Washington, I). C. 
 This copartnership lasted about one year, 
 when he entered into partnership with Jesse 
 P. Bishop and Franklin T. Backus (1850), the 
 firm becoming Bishop, Backus & Noble. 
 Judge Bishop retiring at the end of five years, 
 Mr. Backus and Mr. Noble continued a short 
 time together, when the Hon. Eufus P. Ranney. 
 who had been for some years a judge of the 
 Supreme Court of the State, joined them, and 
 the firm became Ranney, Backus & Noble. It 
 continued thus until Judge Ranney was again 
 elected judge of the Supreme Court of the State. 
 Messrs. Backus and Noble continued together 
 until the summer of 1805. when they dis- 
 solved, and Mr. Conway W. Noble became 
 partner with Charles W. Noble. This co- 
 partnership only lasted a few months, as Mr. 
 Noble then removed from Cleveland and wont 
 to Savannah, Georgia, intending to remain 
 there, owing to the delicate health of his wife. 
 His wife not being benefited he removed to 
 the city of New York, was admitted there and 
 opened an office, and was gaining a practice, 
 when, owing to the health of his wife, he 
 removed to Dcti'oit, and went into partnership 
 with his father and his brother-in-law, Geo. S. 
 Frost, under the name of Geo. S. Frost & Co., 
 in purchasing, locating and selling pine lands 
 on commission. His father dying in 1874, Mr. 
 Noble and Mr. Frost have continued in the 
 same business and are still engaged in it. 
 
 He has been thrice married. His first wife 
 was the daughter of the Hon. Geo. Mvgatt. of 
 Cleveland. Ohio. They were married at 
 Cleveland in September, 1850. She died of 
 consumption in April, 1852, leaving a daughter, 
 Julia E. Noble, vvho lived until June, 1867, 
 when she died at Mrs. Willard's school in Troy, 
 New York. 
 
vwjr ■^^^f^_ 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PRESENT AND FORMER CITIZENS. 
 
 ;U3 
 
 His second wife was the daughter of Hon. 
 Evart Van Buren, of Penn Van, New York, 
 afterwards of Chicago. Tiiey were married at 
 Penn Yan in May, 1854. There were no 
 children by this marriage. The most of their 
 married life was enjoyed at Cleveland, hut her 
 failing health caused them to try Savannali, 
 Georgia, an<l New Y'ork City. In May, 18()7, 
 tiioy left New York City for Detroit, where xhi; 
 died in October of that year. 
 
 Mr. Noble's lliird wife is still living witii 
 him at Detroit. She was the daughter of 
 Stephen A Martine, of New York City. They 
 were married in .July, 1870, and have had 
 til ree daughters and one son, Stephen M. Only 
 the daughters arc now living, residing with 
 their parents at Detroit, the son iiavingdied at 
 Detroit in 1882. 
 
 Mr. Noble was during the early part of his 
 life attached to the Whig party, but since 18()4 
 has been a Democrat. He was nominated by 
 the Democratic party for prosecuting attorney 
 at Cleveland in 18(55, but declined to run. He 
 has several times been nominated i'or minor 
 offices at Detroit, but gcnerall}- without his 
 consent or knowledge, and never made any 
 efforts for election and was never elected. 
 
 He has been since 1858 a member of the Pre.s 
 hyicrian chui'ch. He was one of the founders 
 of the Wassonville Mission at Cleveland, Ohio, 
 now the North Churcli. Was for the three 
 first years of its existence superintendent of 
 the Third St. Mission in Detroit, and afterwards 
 superintendent of the Hamtramck Mission. 
 
 He was active on the Union side during the 
 war, and when Kirb}- Smitli threatened Cin- 
 cinnati, went down with the " s(|uirrel hunters " 
 to Kentucky as a private. He was a member 
 of the military committee at Cleveland during 
 the war under appointment b}- Goverr.or Tod, 
 and as such rendered good service in raising 
 and ei|uipping troops for the Union army. 
 
 CONWAY VVIN(i NOBLE, 
 
 Son of Charles and Eliza Wing Noble, was born 
 in Monroe, October 7, 1842, where ho pursued 
 hisstudies preparatory for entering college, and 
 at the age of sixteen entered Michigan Univer- 
 sit}' at Ann Arbor, graduating from the liter- 
 ary department with the class of 18*53 at the 
 age of twenty -one. His standing in the 
 
 University may bo readily inferred from 
 the fact the highest honors of the class 
 were awarded him, and he was one of the 
 fifteen seniors designated as speakers on 
 Commencement Day, having also been 
 one of the principal speakers at the Junior 
 E.xhibilion the year previous. Soon after his 
 graduation he entered, in Cleveland, Ohio, the 
 law firm of F. T. Backus & Charles W. Noble 
 (an elder brother), then regarded one of the 
 strongest and ablest firms in (he citj'. 
 
 In 18(54 the young law student promptly 
 answered to the call of our President, and with 
 enthusiasm enlisted in Company' A, One Hun- 
 dred and Fifteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer 
 Infantry, under command of Colonel Haywood. 
 The regiment in which he enlisted was the first 
 to arrive in defense of Washington, when the 
 capital was menaced by General Jubal A. 
 Early, who during that year raided the valley 
 of the Shenandoah, dashed into Pennsylvania, 
 and by a number of defeats closely following 
 each other and finally routed by our General 
 Custer at Waynesborough, was deprived of his 
 commission as a confederate chieftain. 
 
 When Mr. Noble's term of service expired, 
 he returned to Cleveland, entered the Ohio 
 State Union Law College, and was admitted to 
 practice in 18(55. The following 3-eai' he and 
 his brother Charles formed a copartnei'ship, 
 which was in a few months terminated by the 
 removal of his brother Charles from the citj-. 
 He soon after formed a copartnership with the 
 Honorable Robert E. Mix. In 1872 John (i. 
 White, Esq., became a member of the firm, then 
 under the name of Mix, Noble & White, one of 
 the most successful firms and the oldest in the 
 city. The admiralt)- practice of the firm was 
 notably large, and engaged in nearly all cases, 
 on one side or the other, ])ending in the United 
 States Courts of the city. Seldom were the 
 clients of Mix, Noble & Wiiite defeated in the 
 trial of their cau.ses. 
 
 Mr. Noble never to any extent took part in 
 politics, in which he was known as a con.serva- 
 tive Democrat. His judicial qualities and legal 
 ability was recognized in January, 1887, by 
 Governor Foraker in a|)])ointing him judge of 
 the court of common pleas, made vacant by 
 the resignation of Judge Jones. His subse(|uent 
 nomination in 188(5 by the Democratic j^arty, 
 was b}- common consent while he was ab.sent 
 from the city. The acceptance of the nomina- 
 
814 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tion was under embarrassing circumstauces, as 
 there was a Eepublican majority of over 4,000 
 to be overcome and witli as stron;,' an opponent 
 as Captain Gary. It was a notable feature of 
 tlie campaign that none of the party organs or 
 adherents of Captain Gary assailed the char- 
 acter or qualifications of his successful ojjpo- 
 nent. His term of office continues for five 
 years, and thus ftir his decisions, rulings and 
 charges have commanded the respect and ap- 
 proval of the bar. 
 
 He married December 1, 1S80, Mrs. Ida K. 
 Jones, an accomplished lady of decided talent. 
 Both are active members of the Presbyterian 
 church at Cleveland. I take pleasure in giving 
 a somewhat extended notice of one of our 
 Monroe boys that lias gained such prominence 
 in life. 
 
 uncommonly fine-appearing gentleman. He 
 was popular in the county and city, which is 
 apparent from the fact that he was elected 
 county treasurer while the Wliig party was in 
 a large minority in the city and county. 
 
 BENJ.^MIN FRANICLIN FIl-^lKbD 
 
 Was born at Wheelock, Caledonia county, 
 Vermont, July 19, 1809. He was at one time 
 a copartner in business with Joseph C. Cole in 
 groceries and provisions in Monroe; in 1842 
 a copartner of William C. Sterling in forward- 
 ing and commission, with warehouse at the 
 <loeks, and during the existence of this copart- 
 nership purchased the steamboat General 
 Wayne, then one of the hirgest steamers naviga- 
 ting the lakes, of which Alonzo D. Perkins was 
 captain. They built at Monroe the splendid 
 steamer Southerner. The copartnersliip ter- 
 minated by the death of Mr. William Sterling 
 July 12, 1848. Mr. Fifield was elected treasurer 
 of the county of Monroe for one term of two 
 jears, and was influential in introducing and 
 building the gas works of the city. He then 
 became the agent of the American Express 
 Company, and thereafter the general agent of 
 the Micliigan Southern Railroad Company. 
 While thus engaged, in returning home from 
 St. Louis he died at the White Sulphur Springs. 
 His remains were brought to his residence on 
 Washington street in Monroe. 
 
 He was married November 19, 1834, to Miss 
 Harriet M. Cole of Detroit, who survived him. 
 They had one son, James, now in business in 
 the far West, and one daughter, who married 
 Charles U. Thomas, one of the wholesale mer- 
 chant ])rinces of Boston, now residing in that 
 city on Newburg street. 
 
 In personal appearance Mr. Fifield was an 
 
 HON. JOHN PACKARD HOGARTH. 
 
 John Packard Hogarth, youngest child of 
 Julia Maria Seymour and llichard Hogarth, 
 was born April 9, 1820. in Geneva, New York. 
 His father was a descendant of the family to 
 wliich belonged the famous artist and carica- 
 turist, William Hogarth. His only brother 
 was the Rev. William Hogarth, D. D., who died 
 in Geneva, August 18, 1887. Mr. Hogarth was 
 educated at Ovid and at the old Geneva 
 Academy, graduating with the highest honors. 
 He was also a student of medicine and the law. 
 
 At twenty-two years of age he went to New 
 York, engaging in business there. Returning 
 to Geneva some } ears after, he engaged in 
 banking, which business took him in 1852 to 
 San Francisco, California, where also he 
 established a wholesale mercantile house. 
 
 Previous to leaving Geneva he married 
 December 29, 18.^2. Mi.ss Sarah E. Field, who 
 died in 18.")(i. 
 
 Mr. Hogarth came to Detroit in 180(1, return- 
 ing to New York in the fall of 18G4. He 
 established himself in business with W. W. 
 Clarke and other well known business men. 
 
 November 29, 1804, he married Miss Sarah, 
 youngest daughter of Harry Conant, M. D., of 
 Monroe, Michigan. To them one child was 
 born, Maria Conant, April 3, 1871, who died 
 August 17,1872. The failure ofhis wife's health 
 returned them to Michigan in 1870,'since which 
 time he resided in Monroe. 
 
 January 1, 1870, under the administration of 
 General Grant, he received the appointment of 
 United States National Bank Examiner. He 
 continued in the performance of his duties as 
 such until 1882, when against the earnest 
 protest of the United .States Treasury Depart- 
 ment and bankers of Michigan he resigned, 
 the conscientious discharge of his duties 
 demanding frequent and prolonged absences 
 from home. At the urgent solicitation of the 
 bankers of Detroit, a new district, consisting of 
 Detroit and Monroe, was created by the Depart- 
 ment for him, which office he filled until his 
 
BIOGRAPHIES OF PRESENT AND FORMER CITIZENS. 
 
 ;i5 
 
 death. He had the special confidence of the 
 Comptroller of the Currency, John Jay Knox, 
 and many of his methods were adopted by the 
 I)oi)artmenl. His books were the perfection of 
 neatness and order. He was a man of metliod. 
 Careful of the reputation of the banks, he 
 was at the same time unswerving in his ex- 
 aminations and reports, by reason of wliieh the 
 national banks of Michigan gained rapidly in 
 strength and reputation, and esj)eciall\' have 
 the banks ol the Detroit district attained the 
 highest standing. Mr. Hogarth made an ex- 
 iiaustive study of national banking laws, an<l 
 Ills expositions of them and his re]iorts, as re- 
 ceived b3' the Dejjartmeut at Washington, wt'rc 
 accepted as final, and acknowledged models. 
 
 With an extensive accpiaintance elsewhere, 
 no man in Michigan ]ierliaps was more widely 
 known than John P. Hogarth. His clieerful, 
 jioiislied, gentlcmanl}' manners made him 
 always a welcome guest, either in the office 
 or the drawing-room. He was everywhere 
 recognized as a man of high moral attainments 
 and of firm religious principle, who, whether 
 in ])ublic or private station, adorned life, and 
 l)rougiit to society its most substantial achieve- 
 ments. He was a man of rare intellectual 
 abiiitj', a connoi.sseur in art, a lover of nature, 
 a reader of the best books in poetry, literature, 
 science and theology; a deep thinker, self- 
 contained almost to a fault; a delightful 
 conversationalist ; always the courteous gentle- 
 man, in his own home abounding in hospi- 
 tality, his domestic life was most beautiful, 
 lie was a close attendant upon the services of 
 the chui'ch of his choice, the Presbyterian, and 
 one of its most active sa])porters. A man of 
 elegant physique and magnificent health, lu' 
 was stricken with ]ieriloiiitis, and almost 
 before it was fairly knounoutsidehis own home 
 that he "as ill the summons came and he was 
 not, for God had called him to come up higher. 
 The following, written on the occasion of his 
 death, is taken from a local paper: 
 
 "A good man has been taken from us. In 
 the most searching light, in the scrutiny that 
 might he emplo^'cd to discover the errors of 
 humanity, we find so little that is not com- 
 mendable that his name may hopefully be 
 taken as a synonym for a life j)eaceful and 
 ]ileasant. So modestly did he conduct himself, 
 ^(1 free from ostentation, that none but those 
 who knew him best were conscious of the 
 
 superior intellect that dominated his whole 
 being. No better tribute of his intense and 
 culminating powers could be tendered him 
 than the united and freely expi'essed opinion, 
 that when he rendered a i-eport in his bank 
 statement it was accepted as an indisjjutablc 
 fact, a conclusion beyond the slightest question 
 of doubt. Probably few mi'U have been en- 
 trusted with the great amounts that were 
 freely ])laced before him, and the trust was ever 
 sacred in his keeping. He was a scholar and a 
 scientist, and his fine rhetorical convei'se ever a 
 pleasure to iiis friends. His taste was cul- 
 tivated to the acme uf perfection, and ex- 
 emplified in so many ch:innels tliat he seemed 
 an artist in eonce])lion, a ])oet who had never 
 put his thoughts in rhythmic words, a man 
 who harbored ni> evil thoughts of his fellow 
 men, because in him were blended the three 
 elements that are ])otent and loyal for all good ; 
 The/rtiY/tthat o))en-handed has confidence in 
 all that is best and noblest in tlie human race; 
 hope, that sheds a shining light to illuminate 
 the ])athway of the just man, and the blos.sed 
 chitrity that covers with manly and tender 
 protection the oiTors and foibles that are 
 kindred to all : a good man, the just deserving 
 of who.st^ mei'it embodies all that as friends, 
 citizens and neighbors, we can truthfully say 
 (if him who has left us." 
 
 JOHN J. STEVENS 
 
 Was born in Cuyahoga county. Ohio, October 
 17, 1S2H, and came to Monroe over fifty years 
 ago. He was a fine mechanic, and our public 
 school buildini;sare monuments to his ai'chitec- 
 tural ability, the new building erected last 
 year being his last important work. He had 
 been engaged in building and contracting many 
 }ears, and his work can be found in nearl\' 
 every ])art of the county. For several years 
 he had al.so been engaged in the lumber trade, 
 and at the lime of his death was a member of 
 the firm of Waters Brothers & Stevens. About 
 ten years ago he engaged in the same business 
 in Lincoln, Nebraska, but disposed of his in- 
 terests and returned to Monroe. 
 
 He was a man of practical common-sense, 
 sound judgment, and possessed of a large fund 
 of general information, a courteous and art'ahle 
 gentleman. These quiilifications, with his in 
 dustry, integrity and honest}- of purpose, won 
 
816 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 him tbe confideiiee aud respect of all who knew 
 him. 
 
 He was in ijolities a Republican and was 
 repeatedly honored with political preferment 
 by bis party. He served two term.s in our 
 State legislature, several terms as assessor, also 
 as alderman of the second ward, and was at 
 the time of his death president of the council. 
 
 When President Lincoln issued his call for 
 300,000 men, Mr. Stevens was in partnership 
 with the late E. B. Hoot in the sash, door and 
 blind factory. He immediately retired from 
 the firm and opened up a recruiting oflice, and 
 soon had a company formed, of which he was 
 elected captain. Governor Blair tendered him 
 a commission as such, and the company was 
 assigned as Company K of the Eighteenth 
 Regiment of Michigan Infantry-, which was 
 mustered into the United States service August 
 20,1862, Colonel (now General) George Spald- 
 ing commanding. In 1803 Captain Stevens 
 was assigned as the commandant of the mili- 
 tary prison at Nashville, Tenne.ssee. He was 
 with his regiment three years, in all its battles 
 and skirmishes, and was mustered out of the 
 service June 20, 1805. He was a fine soldier, 
 of martial bearing, high courage, good judg- 
 ment, and was resf)ected by all the officers and 
 men. He was captain of the Monroe Light- 
 Guards in the early daj's of the company, and 
 was a member of Joseph R. Smith Post, G. A. R. 
 
 He was made a Master Mason March 30, 
 1855, and at the time of his death was a mem- 
 ber of Monroe Lodge, No. 27. 
 
 He was twice mari'ied, and left three sons 
 surviving him. 
 
 He was a member of the Protestant Episco- 
 pal church. 
 
 His sudden death was a shock to the com- 
 munity, as on the morning of the day of his 
 death he stated to his partner in business, A. 
 H. Waters, " that he never felt better in his life,'' 
 but while riding with his friend, Hon. J. M. 
 Sterling, complained of a pain in the region 
 of the heart. They drove in great haste to 
 Doctor Root's office, and within five minutes he 
 breathed his last, the cause of death being neu- 
 ralgia of the heart. 
 
 rHRISTOPHP:R BKUCKNER 
 
 Was born August 3, 1805, at Mainstockheim- 
 on-the-Main, Bavaria. He emigrated to New 
 
 York in 1829 at the age of twenty-four, and 
 remained there as a successful merchant until 
 1837, when he removed with his famil}- to the 
 town of Raisinville, in Monroe county. Michi- 
 gan. There he purchased one of the finest 
 farms in the county, called yet the " Bruckner 
 farm," now owned and occupied bj- John 
 Knaggs. 
 
 The connection of the public surveys with 
 the prior grants of land claims led to litigation. 
 The surveyor of the private claims did not 
 always mark the side lines of the claims isola- 
 ted from the general body of claims, and the 
 government surveyor on some occasions in- 
 cluded in the public survey's large portions of 
 such claims. The government lands were 
 bought in good faith, but afterwards found to 
 fall within tbe patent of a prioi' claim. Such 
 was the case of a purchase of public land by 
 Wolcott Lawrence in Raisinville, some eight 
 miles above Monroe on the north side of the 
 River Raisin, a large part of whose purchase 
 turned out to bo within the bounds of a prior 
 patent or a claim which had been purchased by 
 Christopher Bruckner; and this case, one 
 of the most important and hotly contested 
 land trials in the State, after a litigation of a 
 number of years was settled bj' the decision 
 of the Supreme Court of Michigan in Bruckner 
 vs. Lairrence, 1 Douglass, 19. This case at- 
 tracted a great deal of attention, and the best 
 legal talent of Michigan was engaged therein. 
 All other cases of a similar kind were settled or 
 decided on the basis of this decision. 
 
 After remaining on this farm, bringing it 
 into a high state of cultivation, for a number 
 of years, Mi'. Bruckner removed to Monroe 
 to enjoy the facilities which Monroe afforded 
 for the education of his children. 
 
 Mr. Bruckner was a gentleman of refinement, 
 thoi-oughly educated in natural science. He 
 was a good P^nglish, Latin, French and Italian 
 scholar; the two latter languages he spoke with 
 as great fluency as his native tongue. 
 
 Through his influence and correspondence 
 the Reverend Mr. Halstead and a large colony 
 of Bavarians were induced to emigrate to 
 Monroe, and proved to be very substantial and 
 desirable citizens. 
 
 ilr. Bruckner was not only a highly educat- 
 ed gentleman, but his fondness for music drew 
 around him cultivated talent and lovers of art. 
 He was a man of remarkable enterprise and 
 
BIOGRA I'll IKS OK I'RESKNT AND KOKMER CITI/.KNS. 
 
 ,".17 
 
 ]iersevcrnncc, noted for his honesty, integrity. 
 ;ui(l bonevoloiu-e to the unfortunate and poor. 
 Ht" ro.sided alter leaving tiie farm in Kaisin- 
 villo, on Washington street in the city of Mon- 
 roe. He was so generally i<novvn and esteemed 
 that it was evinced by a ver^- large attendance 
 of American and foreign-horn citizens at his 
 liineral. He died October tl, 1871, at the ai;e of 
 sixty -six, leaving a large family, two of whom, 
 (Jeorge W. Bruckner and Christopher, with 
 Mrs. Kliza, the wife of Di-. William West, re- 
 side in Monroe. 
 
 run. IP !!. TOLL 
 
 Was born May 10. 171t3, in Glenville, N. Y., of 
 a very distinguished ancestry that settled at 
 Hoft'man's Ferry in 1685. The first ancestor, 
 Charles Hansen, served in the New York 
 colonial legislature from 1714 to 172fi; was 
 killed, with Nicholas DeGraflFand thirty others, 
 at the battle of Benkendad, July 18, 1748. 
 'I'ho parents of the subject of this sketch, 
 Charles H. Toll an<i Klizabelh Hylej', lived to 
 the ages of eightj'-six and eighty-eight 
 rcs])ectively. The names of Daniel, Simon, 
 Abram, Andrew, Isaac and Aaron DcGraif are 
 honorably mentioned* as distinguished in the 
 First and Second Infantry companies of 1715. 
 
 Philip R. Toll was educated as a ph^-sician, 
 but never practiced as such only gratuitously. 
 His first business venture was in transportation 
 of fi-eight on the Krie Canal, owning .several 
 boats, one of which he called the •' General 
 Jackson," another the •' Xew Orleans," thus 
 giving evidence of his political tendencies. 
 
 He served in the War of 1812, first as a 
 sergeant, afterwards as a captain of dragootis 
 or mounted artillery; was selected as guard at 
 headi|uarters of General Wade Hampton, in 
 Canada. 
 
 He married Januarj- 14, 1SI7, Xanc}' DcGraff; 
 removed to Ovid, Seneca county. State of New 
 York. In 1825 engaged in .mercantile and 
 jiroduce opei-ations, carr\Mng on at the same 
 time the manufacture of potash, hats, boots and 
 shoes. At one time Seba Murphy (later of 
 Monroe) was a clerk of his brother-in-law, 
 John I. DeGraff, his partner in business. Mr. 
 Toll was one of the trustees of the Ovid 
 Academj-, and president of the village. 
 
 •Professor Pierson's History. 
 
 In 1834 he removed with his family to 
 Centreville, St. Joseph county, and engaged 
 in a general supply store, merchandise, drugs, 
 medicines, and the manufacture of tinware and 
 leather, mostly 8upi)Iying the eastern half of 
 St. Jo.seph county, west part of Calhoun and 
 south pai-t of Kalamazoo counties. He built 
 saw and floui-ing mills at Fawn Uiver, in the 
 same count}-, and removed there with his 
 family in 18:58. He united with the Dutch 
 Reformed church before his marriage at 
 Schenectady, and at Centreville assisted in 
 forming the first " Christian As.sociation of 
 Believers," so called, the sparse population not 
 then permitting the founding of any denomi- 
 national church, in this place as well as at Fawn 
 River paying from his own resources the salary 
 and expenses of the Rev. Mr. Daj'. His labors 
 at Fawn River were great and exhaustive, in 
 clearing wild land into farms, sending the 
 products from his mills, supervising the 
 interests of a growing community, moulding 
 the Christian and educational interests as well. 
 In December, IBSfJ, was one of the delegates 
 from St. Joseph county to the convention for 
 accepting or rejecting the terms proposed by 
 Congress for the admission of Michigan into 
 the Union, and a delegate from same county 
 to the Niles convention for the improvement 
 of the navigation of the St. Joseph River. 
 
 In October, 1852, he removed with his family 
 to Monroe, purchasing the house now occupied 
 by his widow on Elm avenue. He died August 
 
 17, 18G2, of malarial fever, after a long illness. 
 Nancy DetirafF, his widow, was born September 
 
 18, 1797, the daughter of John I. DeGraff, who 
 served during the entire period of the War of 
 the Revolution. Was judge of the court of 
 common ])leas of New York. As a member of 
 Congress took the oath prescribed by Congress 
 in 1778, which was administered by General 
 deLaFaj'ctte. He was the first president of 
 the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. His nephew. 
 Colonel I.saac D. Toll, now of Petoske}-, 
 accompanied him on the first through train, 
 with Thurlow Weed and others. In a letter 
 from Commodore McDonough, dated Sep- 
 tember 14, 1814, addressed to Mr. DeGraff, he 
 says: "It was owing to his assistance and 
 means furnished by him, he was able to get 
 the fleet ready to meet the enemy on I^ake 
 Cham])lain, wherebj- he obtained his great 
 victory. The United States Government was 
 
318 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 powerless to aid liim, Washington having been 
 burned by the British about tiiat time." 
 
 EMM.\NUEL HKNKY ClfSTER 
 
 Was born in the village of Cressip, a town 
 six miles above Cumlierland, Maryland, De- 
 cember 10, 180(!. When eighteen j^ears of age 
 he went to ( )liio and settled at New Eumley, 
 where he worked as a blacksmith. His first 
 wife was Miss Matilda Viers. She lived but a 
 few years and left three children. Mr. Custer 
 married for his second wife Mrs. Maria (VV^ard) 
 Kirkpatrick, who had three children when she 
 married Mr. Custer. Her oldest daughter, 
 Mrs. David Heed, nee Kirkpatrick, has long 
 been a resident of Monroe. 
 
 General George A. Custer was the fir.st son 
 to survive infancy, and his father made him 
 bis constant companion. They attended the 
 meeting of the militia together, "company 
 muster," and "officers' muster," the great 
 mass meetings, and the revival meetings that 
 were held during the winter months. Mr. 
 Custer had always thought his oldest son 
 might become a clergyman, and expected to 
 send him to college at Meadville, where he 
 owned a scholarship; but the son took his 
 future into his own hands. Without aid other 
 than by personal application to the member 
 of Congress from his district, he secured the 
 appointment at West Point. 
 
 Mr. E. H. Custer was a justice of the peace 
 about twelve 3'ears. He broke up his home in 
 New Eumley in 1842, and came to Monroe in 
 May; but his horses were stolen while here, 
 and he remained only six months, just long 
 enough to make good his losses, and returned 
 to his old home, where he remained until 18G3. 
 
 In 1861, when the call for soldiers was made 
 and every northern heart was tiied witli 
 patriotism, Thomas Ward Custei', then six- 
 teen 3'oai-s old, and his brother Nov. were 
 determined to enlist, but their fiither would 
 notallow but one to leave lor the ai-mj-. '■ Tom" 
 said ho " thought he could be more easily 
 spared, as his brother understood the care of 
 the horses best, and was needed at home." 
 Tom enlisted in the Twenty-First Ohio. He 
 did not meet his eldest brother, the General, 
 for four years. During that time he had grown 
 to manhood, and little resembled the pale 
 
 stripling the General had left in the Ohio home. 
 They met on the cars, on their way to Monroe 
 to attend the General's wedding in 1864. 
 When they met their father at his home, Tom 
 was introduced as Major Drew, and went 
 unrecognized, but the General immediatol}- 
 informed his mother who her soldier son was, 
 and she enjoyed the mystification of the family 
 as well as the older bi'Other. 
 
 Nevin Custer responded to the call for more 
 troops, but was not judged I'obust enough to 
 endure the fatigues of the camj), and was 
 rejected at the recruiting office in Cleveland. 
 
 After the war was over General Custer 
 invited his Axther to visit him in Texas, where 
 he was stationed during 1865 and a part of 
 the following year. Their life in the South was 
 full of incident, and many were the jjractical 
 jokes perpetrated between the father and sons. 
 Mr. Custer's youngest son, Boston, joined his 
 brother, the (xcneral, in his last Inditin ex- 
 jiedition. He had long desired to enter the 
 arm}', but was never encouraged by the 
 General, but his enthusiasm and constant 
 urging at last prevailed. In his last letter to 
 his mother, he seemed full of hope and courage ; 
 said "they expected to meet five hundred 
 Indians " but evidently feared no disaster. 
 "Boss" was always a favorite with his com- 
 ]ianion8, ami a welcome guest at the fireside. 
 Few fathers with so many promising sons have 
 been called to meet affliction so overwhelming. 
 Three sons, with a son-in-law. Lieutenant 
 Calhoun, an exceedingly handsome and dig- 
 nified officei-, and a grandson, George Arm- 
 strong Eeed, just entering a promising man- 
 hood, fell at the battle of the Little Big Horn. 
 
 Mrs. Custer did not long survive the massacre 
 of her sons. She was a devoted mother, and 
 her home life endeared her to every member 
 of the household. Her native endowments 
 were unusual ; she maintained an intelligent 
 interest in all the imj^ortant questions of the 
 day, and lived in an unselfish and consistent 
 Christian life. After Mrs. Custer's death, her 
 husband made his home with his son Nevin, 
 who resides on a farm about three miles from 
 Monroe, on the north bank of the i-iver. 
 His daughter Margaret, the widow of the 
 gallant Calhoun, has been a resident of Detroit 
 since the death of her mother. She is an 
 elocutionist of note, and deservedly popular in 
 many States ofthe Union. 
 
BIOGRArniKS OK TRESENT AND E0RM1;K CITIZIONS. 
 
 ;U9 
 
 Mr. E. H. Custer cast his first vote for 
 CToncral Jiiclcson, and as lio rcmarkud •' lias 
 fbuglit it out on that line ever since.' 
 
 Mr. Custer is an ardent, consistent advocate 
 of the temperance cause. He is one of the 
 L-beerful. happy, f^ood old style Methodists. 
 A good singer, he contributes to the pleasure 
 of his friends occasionally by giving samples 
 of the oM style Methodist hymns. 
 
 CJKORGE ARMSTRONG CUSTER 
 
 Was Ijorii ill New IJiiinlcy, Harrison county, 
 Ohio, December 5, \SM). He came to Monroe 
 when he was thirteen j'ears old, and resided 
 witli his sister, Mrs. David Keed. He attended 
 lilt' academy conducted by Prof. Alfred Steb- 
 bins. As a boy he was fond of all athletic 
 sports, but industrious and persevering in his 
 woi'k as well as amusements. Years after he 
 was heard to remark: " The daj-s spent under 
 liis sisters influence were of infinite value to 
 him. Her earnest prayers repeated them- 
 selves in many dark and threatening hours of 
 his life, and inspired him with courage and 
 hope.' 
 
 After leaving the academy he taught school 
 for several months in Ohio, but the uneventful 
 routine soon j)roved too irksome for his restless 
 and ambitious nature, and he sought an ap- 
 pointment to the military academ3' at West 
 Point, which he I'eceived, and became a student 
 therein July 1, 1857. His vacations were spent 
 in Monroe, where his " brass buttons" and gay 
 uniform were admired by the rising genera- 
 tion, and many life-long friendsiiips, as well as 
 the romance of his life, were begun. 
 
 He graduated June 24, 1861, and was ap- 
 pointed second lieutenant in the Second rnitcil 
 States Cavalry, formerly under Eobei-i E. ]>ec. 
 IK' reported to Lieutenant (icneral Scott the 
 ilay before the battle of Bull Run, July 2()tli. 
 Jjieutenant Custer with his company were 
 among the last to leave that disastrous field, 
 from which he led his company in good order, 
 rescuing General Hcintzelinan, who had been 
 wounded. Lieutenant Custer i-emained in 
 Washington some time, engaged in <lrilling 
 volunteer recruits, but when Phil. Kearnej' 
 was appointed brigadier-general, lie made Cus- 
 ter one of his staff. He served in that position 
 until the War Department prohibited generals 
 
 of volunteers from apjiointing regular army 
 otiicers to staff duty. When Lieutenant Custer 
 left his staff, Kearney predicted " Custer would 
 prove one of the most successful officers in the 
 army." 
 
 Custer returned to his company, connected 
 with that part of the Army of the Potomac 
 which moved upon Manassas after its evacua- 
 tion by the enemy. Our cavalry, under General 
 Stoneman, then for the first time encountered 
 the Confederate horsemen near Catlett's Sta- 
 tion. Custer and his men were among the 
 first to report to the call of the commanding 
 officer for volunteers to charge the enemy. 
 The Confederates did not wait to receive their 
 charge, but tied across Cedar Run and burned 
 the bridge. One of our men was wounded by 
 a stray shot, and this was the first blood shed 
 in the MacClellan campaign. Custer remained 
 with this part of the armj' until it was settled 
 down before Yorktown, when he was detailed 
 as an assistant engineer, under General Sum- 
 ner, of the left wing of the Army of the Po- 
 tomac. He planned andcrecled the earthworks 
 nearest the ('onfederate lines, and soon after 
 accompanied the advance under General Han- 
 cock in pursuit of the enemy retiring from 
 Yorktown. lie captured the first battle-flag 
 for the Arrn\- of the Potomac, and when the 
 ai'iny reached the Cliickahoniiny he led his 
 company through the river, amid a shower of 
 bullets, thus proving his dauntless courage to 
 his commander. General MacClellan, who then 
 promoted him to a captaincy and appointed 
 him one of his staff. He served throughout 
 MacClellan's campaign, and marked out the 
 position to be occupied by the Union forces 
 before the battle of Gaines' Mills. He took an 
 active part in the battles of South Mountain 
 anil Antietam. 
 
 When General MacClellan was relieved, Cus- 
 ter was mustered out as a ca))tairi and aid-de- 
 cani]). He was soon called to and participated 
 in the battle of Chancellorsville, and alter that 
 memorable event was made a personal aid b}- 
 General Pleasanton, who was then commander 
 of adivisioiiof cavalry. Custer bore himself with 
 such fearlessness and gallantry through manj' 
 a hotly contested engagement, that General 
 Pleasanton. being made major-goneral, recom- 
 mended (."uster as worthy the honor of the ap- 
 pointment of V>rigadier general, which Custer 
 received, and was assigned to the command of 
 
320 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUN'IV, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the First, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Michigan 
 Cavalry, already famous. 
 
 Before Gettysburg he faced Hampton's cav- 
 alry division, completely routed them, and 
 saved the trains of tlie Union army from fall- 
 ing into the enemy's hands. He hiad two horses 
 shot under him at this famous battle. He was 
 sent almost at the beginning of the encounter 
 to attack the Confederates' train, which was 
 endeavoring to force its way to the Potomac. 
 He demolished more than four hundred wagons, 
 and in every position assigned him did noble 
 service. 
 
 The following winter Custer was constantly 
 engaged in skirmishing and picketing on the 
 Hapidan between the two armies. In 18G4 he 
 was fighting with iiis usual impetuosity in the 
 battle of tiie Wilderness, and for his services 
 in the Shenandoah Valley was complimented 
 by an ortler of the War Department. Custer 
 accompanied General Sheridan, in May, 1864, 
 on his famous raid toward Richmond. His 
 brigade led the march, and captured Beaver 
 Dam, where a train loaded with supplies for 
 the enemy was destroyed, and four hundred 
 Union prisoners were released. At Ashland 
 more prisoners were set free and supplies 
 burned. 
 
 Custer met General J. E. B. Stuart with his 
 famous cavalry on the " Brooks Pike.' Stuart 
 endeavored to check the advance of the Union 
 army, but was defeated and killed by one of 
 Custer's men and his command completely 
 routed. 
 
 He participated in the battle of Cold Harbor 
 with Grant's army, and followed General Sheri- 
 dan in his second raid. He rendered impor- 
 tant 8ervi(re in the battle of Fisher's Hill, and 
 retained command of his division until after 
 Lee's surrender. 
 
 At the battle of Cedar Creek, his division 
 on the right maintained its ground, and Sheri- 
 dan found one command ready for action. He 
 issued his order, "Go in, Custer!" and he led 
 his men to victory. The Confedei-ates were 
 driven a number of miles beyond the battle- 
 field. A thousand iJrisoners were ca])tured, 
 among them a major general ; forty-five pieces 
 of artillery and several battle-flags were taken. 
 vSheridan, to testify his approbation of Custer's 
 service in this engagement, detailed him to 
 carry the news of the conquest to Washington, 
 for which service he was made a brevet major- 
 
 general of volunteers. General Sheridan gave 
 Custer command of the advance on the Confed- 
 erates as they fell back to Appomattox, where 
 he captured four heavily-laden trains of freight 
 cars. 
 
 It is said '• General Custer was in every en- 
 gagement fought by the Army of the Potomac, 
 from the first battle of Bull liun to the sur- 
 render of General Lee." General Sheridan 
 appreciated him as a brave and trusted officer, 
 as well as a personal friend. Mrs. Custer re- 
 ceived from Irtm a letter, accompanying the 
 table on which were signed the terms of .sur- 
 render of the Virginia army under General 
 Leo, in which he wrote: "No person was 
 more instrumental in bringing about this most 
 desirable result than your most gallant hus- 
 band." 
 
 Custer will always stand a unique figure in 
 the history of our civil war. About his ex- 
 ploits and daring achievements cluster the ro- 
 mance of a brilliant career. He knew no fear, 
 and was always foremost in the heat of battle, 
 nor did he ever ask his men to incur a danger 
 he would not share. 
 
 General Custer was mustered out of tlie 
 volunteer service February 1, 1866, and ap- 
 pointed lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh 
 United States Cavalry the following July. He 
 was with General Hancock in his o.xpedition 
 against the Indians in 1867, and remained on 
 frontier duty most of the time until 1876, when 
 he met his death June 25th. While in the 
 western forts, when the Indians were not on 
 the " war-path.'' he wrote a number of inter- 
 esting articles for the eastern magazines, de- 
 scriptive of the country, and the story of his 
 Indian expeditions. Although Custersucceeded 
 as a writer, and showed his aptitude for a lit- 
 erary occupation by the inci-easing charm of 
 his productions, it was as a raconteur he excelled. 
 He possessed a wonderful dramatic talent, and 
 brought jjcrsons and scenes to view. 
 
 When he returned to his fathers home in 
 Monroe on furlough, it was the writer's frequent 
 privilege to hear him relate the stirring inci- 
 dents of his adventurous life on the frontier, 
 (rcneral Custer passed many evenings at our 
 fireside, with my boys clustered about him in 
 breathless interest. Well do I remember the 
 night he recounted the capture of Black Ket- 
 tle , we crept with him over the snow in the 
 dark and silent hours of night; we saw the 
 
BIOfJKAI'lIIES OK rKKSENT AN'I) KOKMEK CtTl/ENS. 
 
 .".21 
 
 morning star shoot into sight like a rocket in 
 the clear western alni08j)liere ; we heard the 
 baby's cry in the distant wigwam, and trembled 
 at the bark of the Indian dog tor fear it would 
 betray his little band of soldiers. Even when 
 the clock on the nmntel struck the hour of two 
 in the morning, the children would beg hin\ to 
 continue. Ho had a never-failing fund of 
 anecdote and adventure. His enthusiasm and 
 good-fellowship made liiin a most interesting 
 companion. His devotion to his parents, his 
 brothers and sisters, was unfailing and tender. 
 He never forgot. in the busiest years of his life 
 to provide for their comfort and attend to their 
 interests. 
 
 General Custer with his brothers. Captain 
 Tom Custer, Boston Custer, Ijicutcnant Cal- 
 houn, and his nephew, George Armstrong Reed, 
 met a tragic death in the battle of the Ijitlle 
 Big Horn. With a small party of two hundred 
 bravo soldiers, he fell before six thousand Indi- 
 ans under Sitting Bull. Many conflicting ac- 
 counts of the terrible massacre have been in 
 the papers from time to time, and it remains 
 for the future historian to render a clear ac- 
 count. 
 
 General Cu.ster was married in 18(J4 to Miss 
 Elizabeth Bacon, the ueautlCul and accomplished 
 daughter of Judge Bacon, of Monroe. Mrs. 
 Custer accompanied her husband on most of 
 his campaigns and shared his dangers and the 
 discomfoi'ts of frontier life. Mrs. Custer has 
 given to the world in " Boots and Saddles" 
 her experience in some of the trying as well 
 as prosperous years of lier life, and has proved 
 her devotion and affection, as well as pride, in 
 the memorj- of her distinguished husband. 
 
 CHARLES .T.\MKS LANMAN. 
 [Abridged from a New I-ondon paper.] 
 
 Charles James Laninan was the son of James 
 Lanman, formerly a judge and Senator in Con- 
 gress, and born in Norwich, Connecticut, June 
 5, 1795. He graduated with honors at Yale 
 College in 1814; studied law with his kins- 
 man, Roger Griswold, as well as with his falhei-; 
 and was admitted to the bar early in 1817, in 
 New London. Soon afterwards he was invited 
 by Henry Clay to settle in Kentucky, but de- 
 cided to seek his fortune in the Territory of 
 
 Michigan on the invitation of his friends. Win 
 Woodbridge and Lewis Cass. He made the 
 journey from Buffalo to Detroit chiefly on 
 lior.seback. Joining Mr. Woodbridge in his 
 law office, he began the practice of his profes- 
 sion, and while riding the circuit he visited 
 Frenchtown, on the River Raisin (now called 
 Monroe), where he permanently settled. In 
 that place he held many local positions, such 
 as attorney for the Territory, judge of probate, 
 colonel of militia, and he was also inspector of 
 customs and postmaster of Frenchtown. In 
 1823, President Monroe appointed him receiver 
 of public moneys for the district of Michigan, 
 and he was re-appointed by President Adams, 
 holding the office eight j-cars. In tho.se early 
 days specie was the only currency in vogue, 
 and the receipts of silver alone in one j'ear 
 amounted to a hundred thousand dollars, which 
 had to be transmitted to Detroit, through the 
 wilderness, on pack horses; and it is worth 
 mentioning, that when he visited Washington 
 twenty-fivej-ears afterwards, he was officially in- 
 formed that there was a handsome balance of 
 money due him by the United States Treasury 
 on account of his services as receiver. He 
 was one of the founders of Tecumseh, Michi- 
 gan ; was a commissioner to locate the county 
 seats of many of the leading counties in the 
 State, including Ionia, Kent, and Clinton ; was 
 surveyor, and once the sole owner of the land 
 where now stands the city of Grand Rapids; 
 while the same is true of several other flourish- 
 ing towns in the State. Although not a prac- 
 tical farmer, at one period of his life he in- 
 dulged in agricultural tastes, carrying on one 
 or two farms, and he was among the very first 
 to introduce into Michigan, from Kentucky 
 and Virginia, the best breeds of blooded horses. 
 In 1835, from family considerations, he returned 
 to Norwich. During the financial revulsion of 
 1837 he lost the bulk of his property, all of 
 which was located in Michigan. In 1838 he 
 was elected mayor of Norwich ; was subse- 
 quently president of the Norwich Water-Powcr 
 Company; and at the conclusion of that ser- 
 vice he lived chiefly in retirement. In 1862, 
 lured by early recollections, and because of his 
 intense love of the .scenery and air of (he ocean, 
 he came to New London to reside ; died in that 
 city July 25, 1870, and was buried among his 
 kindred in Xorwich. 
 
322 
 
 IIISTOUY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 CHARLES LANMAN. 
 
 Born ill Monroe, Miclii.tfan, June 14. liSl'.t. 
 and son of Charles James Lanmaii and Mary 
 Gui. When about ten years of atfe lie was sent 
 to Norwich, C'onnectieiit, where, under the 
 care of his ^.n-and father, James Ijanraaii, ho 
 attended lor three years tlie academies of Nor- 
 wich and I'lainfield. In 1835, when his parents 
 removed to Connecticut, he became a Pearl 
 Street clerk in New York, where ho remiiiiied 
 ten years, lu 1845 he returned to his native 
 place, and for a few months edited the Monroe 
 Gazette, after which he wont to Cincinnati, 
 Ohio, and became the assistant editor of the 
 Chronicle of that city ; and after making a tour 
 to the Up])er Mississippi and Lake Superior lie 
 returned to New York, and was connected with 
 the .£'a;/)ress newspaper. In the interest of that 
 journal he visited the city of Washington in 
 1848, where he became permanently identified 
 with the old National Intelligencer, since which 
 time he has resided in tlie metropolis, where 
 he was married to Adeline Dodge in 184!). As 
 a lover of scenery and an angler lie made annual 
 tours in every part of the United Slates and 
 Canada, and came to he designated by his 
 friend, Washington Irving, as " the picturesque 
 ex])Iorer of the United States ;" and among 
 the journals, besides iho Intelliyencer, to which 
 he contributed his observations, were the Lon- 
 don Illustrated Neirs and Athenauim, as well as 
 the Observer, Evening Post and Journal of Com- 
 merce, of New Y'ork. 
 
 In the way of official positions, Mr. Lanman 
 has had the pleasure of holding the following: 
 Jjibrarian of the War Department in 1849 ; 
 librarian of copj-rights in the State Depart- 
 ment in 1851, when, at the request of Millartl 
 Fillmore, heorganized the library in the Exec- 
 utive Mansion ; private secretarj' of Daniel 
 Webster, 1851 ; examiner of depositaries in the 
 Gulf States, 1853; librarian Interior Depart- 
 ment, 1857; librarian House of Rejirescntatives, 
 1861 : head of the Returns Office, I. I)., 1865; 
 American secretary of the Jajianese Legation, 
 1871, for eleven years; assistant assessor Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, 1885; and librarian of the 
 Washington City library, 1888. 
 
 As an author he has produced not less than 
 thirty two volumes, six of which were repub- 
 lished in Great Britain, while twenty-two arc 
 on the s'uelves of the National Libi-ary. His- 
 writings, as be has arranged them for publica- 
 
 tion in a revised and uniform style, are as fol- 
 lows ; "Essays for Summer Hours," "Even- 
 ings in my Library," " Riverside Essays," "Let- 
 ters from a Motley Crew," " Curious Characters 
 and Pleasant Places." "My Ships of Thought,' 
 "A Summer in the Wilderness," " A Tour to 
 the River Saguenay," "Letters from the Alio- 
 ghany Mountains," "A Tour to the Resti- 
 gouche,'' " A Winter in the South," " From the 
 Eiver Potomac to Mount Desert," ■' Private 
 Life of Daniel Webster,' "William Wood- 
 bridge," " Octavius Perenchicf," "Haphazard 
 Personalities," •' Japaiiiana. ' and " In the 
 Evening Twilight.'' 
 
 The publications which have been excluded 
 from the foregoing list, for manifold reasons, 
 are as follows: "Dictionary of Congress," 
 " Bfographical Annals," " Farthest North," 
 " Red Book of Michigan," " Letters from a 
 Ijandscape Painter," " Pri.son Life of Alfred 
 Ely," "Noted Men of Japan,' "Japanese in 
 America," " Personal Mcmoi-ials of Daniel 
 Webster," " Resources of the United States," 
 ■' Haw-HoNoo, or Records of a Tourist,'' and 
 " Adventures in the Wilds of America." Of 
 the " Dictionarj' of Congress," it may be said 
 that it was the only work belonging to a pri- 
 vate individual ever published by the Govern- 
 ment as a public document, and it was after lie 
 had been paid a regular royalty of one dollar 
 per copy for several thousand copies, that Con- 
 gress adopited his plan for one of its own com- 
 pilations and thus deprived him of his rights 
 under the copyright law, for which injury a 
 claim is now pending in Congress for sixl3- 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Mr. Lanman manifested a love for art even 
 when a bo}- in Monroe, and as an amateur he 
 has used the pencil since then continually, 
 having been elected an associate of the New 
 York Academy of Design in 1847, and produced 
 in oil more than one thousand pictures of 
 American sccnerv. 
 
 (iENERAL (iEORGE SPALDING. 
 
 Geoi-ge Spalding was born in Scothiiid in 
 the year 1836. Ainlrow Sp:ildiiig, his father, 
 was a farmer; with his wife and family he 
 emigrated to America in 1843, .settling in 
 Buffalo, New. York. In 1853 he purchased a 
 I'arm near Monroe, on the River Ilaisin. The 
 parents of General Spalding were of the sturdy 
 

BIOGRArHIES or I'UESENT AND I'ORMK.R CITIZENS. 
 
 A2:) 
 
 Presbyterian stock, and have always been 
 consistent members of that churcii. The liomc 
 discipline received by the son. together with 
 the instructions imparted by the public schools 
 of Buffalo, formed the basis of an education 
 and character which have proved their useful- 
 ness and value both in the field and in civil 
 life. General Spalding lived at home until the 
 winter of 1860-61, when he taught a district 
 school. lie was a Douglass Democrat, and 
 was elected clerk of his town.<lii]i in the spring 
 of 1861. 
 
 When Fort Sumter was fired upon he im- 
 mediately enlisted as a private soldier in what 
 was subsequently Company A, Fourth Mich- 
 igan Infantry, which was mustered into the 
 Ignited Stales service in May, 1861, at Adrian, 
 .Michigan, and Colonel D. A. Woodbury was 
 appointed its colonel. George Spalding was 
 made first sergeant of this company, and 
 moved to the seat of war at an early da\', 
 passing through Baltimoi-c shortly after the 
 attack by rebels upon the First Massachusetts 
 Regiment. The regiment moved with the 
 forces under General McDowell toward Bull 
 Kun, but before reaching that ])lacc was 
 stopped at Fairfax Court House, and established 
 a courier line between the telegraph office at 
 that place and General McDowell's head- 
 quarters at Bull Eun battle-field. In the sum- 
 mer of ISlil, Sergeant Spalding was promoted 
 to first lieutenant and assigned, to command of 
 Company B. same regiment. In the fall of 
 1861 he was commissioned captain of Company 
 B. In the reorganization of the army the 
 Fourth Michigan Infantry was assigned to 
 General Fitz John Porter's corps. During the 
 winter of 1861-62 tiie regiment was constantly 
 occupied doing picket duty, encountering many 
 sharp skirmishes with the enemy, .\ftcr Mac- 
 Clellan's change to the Peninsula, (ieneral 
 Porter's corps had the right of the line resting 
 on Voi'k River. On arriving in front of York- 
 town, General Porter called upon Colonel 
 Woodbury to send an officer and thirty j)icked 
 men to reconnoitre the enemy's position at 
 Yorktown, to learn, if possible, the number of 
 their heavy guns, etc. Captain Spalding was 
 assigned to this hazardous enterprise and suc- 
 ceeded to the satisfaction of the commanding 
 general, but in doing so he received a severe 
 gunshot wound in the left shoulder. As the 
 army soon commenced moving, he declined a 
 
 " leave of absence' tendered him, and took 
 command of his company with his arm in a 
 sling; he participated in all the engagement.s, 
 Iti the advance upon IJichmond, and at New 
 Bridge, during a sharp skirmish, he narrowly 
 escaped death by being shot at by a rebel 
 officer, who had surrendered to him, but fired 
 his rifle when within ten feet of him, tearing 
 away his pistol and belt, inflicting a painful 
 but not dangerous wound. 
 
 The Fourth Regiment participated in the 
 following battles: Hanover Coui-t House, May 
 27th, 1862 ; at Mechaniesville, June 26 ; on the 
 27th at (Jaines Mill ; Savage Station, June 29th ; 
 at Turkey Bend, June 30th ; White Oak Swamp, 
 same day; and July 1st at Malvern Hill, when 
 it became conspicuously- engaged, losing its 
 colonel, D. A. Woodbury. Captains Dupuy and 
 Rose, while Captain Spalding was severely 
 wounded in the left of the neck and reported 
 in press dispatches as killed. The loss in 
 Fourth Michigan Infantry in six da3-s was 
 53 killed, 14-1 wounded and 52 missing. Leave 
 of absence was tendered Captain Spalding, 
 which he accepted, and when about to leave. 
 General Griffin, the brigade commander, handed 
 him a sealed letter addressed to Governor Blair. 
 It subscijuently turned out to be a letter to the 
 Govei-nor urging Captain Spalding's promotion 
 to the i-ank of major. The Governor commis- 
 sioned him major of the Fourth Regiment, but 
 Ca|)tain Spalding waived it in favor of the senior 
 captain, and afterwards accepted the lieutenant- 
 colonelcy of the Highteeiith ilichigan Infantry, 
 then at Hillsdale, Michigan, Hon. Henry 
 Waldron in command. Colonel Spalding, with 
 his regiment, was ordered to report to General 
 Lew. Wallace, in command at ('incinnati. which 
 was then threatened b^' an attack from Genei-al 
 Kirby Smith. An advance was soon made 
 over the Oliio Rivei', and the li'oops marched 
 over what was known as the Dry Ridge of 
 Kentucky-, to Lexington. Here the regiment 
 was camped in the winter of 1862-63. Karly 
 in the S|)ring the campaign opened, and before 
 midsummer the rebels were driven out of 
 Kentucky. Soon alter this the regiment was 
 ordered to report to General Rosecrans, Army 
 of the Cumberland. On its arrival at Xashville, 
 Tennessee, Colonel Spalding was ma<]e provost 
 marshal of the city, and the Eighteenth Mich- 
 igan Infantrj-, with all its officers and men, 
 reported to him for duty as provost guard. 
 
324 
 
 IIISTOKV OK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 As provost marshal of Nashville, Colonel 
 Spahling was given almost plenary powers. 
 The military and civil police of the entire city 
 reported and received orders from him. He 
 remained in this position until February, 1864, 
 when he resigned to accept the colonclc}- of 
 the Twelfth Tennessee CavaUy. Colonel 
 Spalding was inimediatclj' assigned to the 
 command of a brigade of cavalry, and ordered 
 to take charge of the Nashville and North- 
 Wcstert) Railroad. The entire line of this road ■ 
 was invested by large bodies of guerrillas, and 
 tlicir extermination began at once. In a few 
 months Colonel Spalding had cleaned out all 
 the organized troops in that section. He and 
 his command were then ordered to jirotect the 
 Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, and he 
 was assigned to the command of a division of 
 cavalry known as the Fifth Division of Cavalry, 
 A. C. He established his headquarters at 
 Pulaski, Tennessee. Here during the summer 
 and fall of 1864 his troops were constantly 
 engaged in fighting Generals Roddy, Wheeler 
 and Forrest, who were in lai'ge force constantly 
 attempting to break the railroad. During the 
 invasion of General Hood into Tennessee, 
 Colonel Spalding was ordered with his division 
 to try and ])revent the enemy from crossing 
 the Tennessee River, and to report to General 
 Thomas his observations and opinions of the 
 force and chai'acter of the troops of the enemy. 
 On arriving at Florence, Alabama, he found 
 the enenij' in strong force on the opposite side 
 of the river, and immediately dispatched to 
 Genci-al Thomas that General Hood's entire 
 army was preparing to invade Tennessee and 
 would undoubtedlj- cross the river at or near 
 Florence, Alabama. Forrest's entire cavaliy 
 command was covering the movements of 
 Hood's ai-my. Several severe battles were 
 fought dui-ing the retreat to Nashville, includ- 
 ing the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin, etc. 
 At Nashville, General Thomas i-eorganized his 
 army and prepared to give battle. On the 
 morning of December 15th the attack was 
 begun, and waged with terrible violence until 
 Hood's army was put to flight. Colonel 
 Sisalding was complimented b}- a general oi'dor, 
 which was read at the head of each regiment; 
 also received honorable mention in the report 
 of General Hatch for his bravery and energy. 
 The following is an extract from the official 
 report of General George H. Thomas: 
 
 "As the Fourth Corps pursued the enemy on 
 the Franklin Pike, General Wilson hastily 
 mounted Knipe's and Hatch's divisions of his 
 command and directed them to pursue along 
 the Gi'anny White Pike and endeavor to reach 
 Franklin in advance of the enemy. After 
 proceeding about a mile they came upon the 
 enemy's cavalry under General Forrest, posted 
 across the road and behind barricades. The 
 position was taken by the Twelfth Tennessee 
 Cavalry, Colonel Spalding commanding, and 
 the enemy's lines broken, scattering them in 
 all directions and capturing quite a number of 
 prisoners, among them General E. W. Ruckel.' 
 
 In the Nashville battle General Spalding re- 
 ceived a severe wound in the left knee. Col- 
 onel Spalding was brevetted brigadier-general 
 for "gallant and meritorious service" in the 
 battle of Nashville. He was selected with one 
 hundred picked men to follow the broken 
 remnants of Hood's command until the last 
 man had crossed the Tennessee River. General 
 Spalding was assigned to the command of tiic 
 First Brigade, Fifth Division Cavalry Corps, 
 Military Division of the Mississippi, and 
 ordered to report to Major-General Pope, 
 headquarters at St. Louis, Missouri. He ar- 
 rived in St. Louis May 17th, 1865, and by 
 General Pope he was assigned to command the 
 District of Northern Missouri, headquarters at 
 Macon ; from there he was assigned to a 
 district in Kansas, with headquarters at 
 Lawrence. 
 
 October 24th, 1865, the war being over, his 
 command was mustered out of service, and 
 General Spalding returned to Monroe, Mich- 
 igan, where in 1866 he was appointed post- 
 master. In 1871 he was appointeil Special 
 Agent of the Treasury Department, where he 
 served four jears, going to the Rio Grande River 
 to report upon the commerce between Mexico 
 and the United States. In 1876 he was elected 
 mayor of the Democratic city of Monroe, and 
 the same year he was elected president of the 
 board of education. In the spring of 1877 he 
 was elected a director of the First National 
 Bank and in a short time appointed its cashier, 
 which office he now holds. In 1878 he was 
 admitted to the bar. General Spalding has 
 been an ardent and hard-working Republican, 
 Ijcing chairman of the county committee and 
 holding it for quite a number of years. He 
 has during each presidential campaign stumped 
 
BlOf.RAPHlES OF PRESENT AND KORMER CITIZENS. 
 
 ;$25 
 
 his o«'ii county, and frequently made speeches 
 ill Lenawee and Hillsdale, where he has many 
 warm admirers and friends among his old 
 arnij- comrades, as well as others who have 
 formed his acquaintance since the war, and 
 have learned that in General Spalding are 
 embodied those qualities which go to make up 
 a true friend, a good citizen and an honest man. 
 
 CAPTAIN JOHN ALFOKI) 
 
 Came from the State of New York with his 
 father's family to Monroe in 1818. In a small 
 sloop the}' coasted on the south shore of Lake 
 Erie, c;imping nights. They sailed up the 
 River Raisin and landed on the north bank, 
 when but one frame and two log houses oc- 
 cupied the site of the battle ground of the 
 River Raisin massacre. 
 
 Warren Alford, son of John Alford, the edi- 
 tor of this work has occasion to remember 
 with gratitude for his efforts fifty five 3ears 
 ago in rescuing the writer from a watery grave. 
 I was skating in advance of a party of boys at 
 the month of the River Raisin, and broke in. 
 
 Warren stripped off his skates, tied the straps 
 to his comforter, which the writer caught onto 
 and was drawn out. 1 skated three miles in 
 frozen clothes, and was cared for by the familj* 
 of Timoth}' Emerson, who resided at the docks. 
 
 Captain John Alford the year of his arrival 
 assisted in gathering and bur\-ing the bones of 
 the Kentuckians slain at tlie massacre of the 
 River Raisin. Mails were then received but 
 once a week from Detroit. 
 
 Captain John Alfred wasthefiather of General 
 George F. Alford, now residing in Texas; and 
 Cajitain Alford, now residing in Monroe, 
 sailing in summer months a beautiful steam 
 yacht, who married the daughter of Stephen 
 B. Wakefield, of Shawnee Springs, In town 
 of Monroe. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. John .\lford remained in Mon- 
 roe seventeen years — removed to Giliralter in 
 1835 ; suffered considerable loss and inconven- 
 ience from the " Patriots ' in 1837 and 1838. 
 After residing in (Jibralter thirty years, re- 
 moved to Trenton, where they spent the even- 
 ing of life. Mrs. John Alford survived her 
 husband a few years and died in 1887, at the 
 advanced age of eightj-cight j'ears. 
 
CHAPTER XXV. 
 
 SECRKT SOCIKTIES. 
 
 MASONS. 
 
 M().\i;()E JjOUGK lias had a somewhat 
 eventful Ijistory. It has really had its 
 second birth. Old Monroe Lodge, No. 375, 
 was organized in the j-car 1825 under a dispen- 
 sation from the Grand Master of the Grand 
 Lodge of New Y(7i"k, and by him constituted 
 and its officers publicly installed on St. John 
 the Baptist's Day, June 24, 1825. The exer 
 cises took place in the first, or original, court 
 house here. It was a wooden structure, com- 
 posed of hewn logs covered with boards, and 
 located at or near the northeiist corner of our 
 public square, in front arid somevvliat east of 
 the present Presbyterian church edifice. 
 
 We arc informed that a large collection of 
 people were present, and that Brother Bev. 
 Noah Wells, father of Brother Wm. H. Wells, 
 now of Erie, acted as Grand Chaplain for the 
 Grand Lodge of the State of New York. The 
 venerable brother has long since been called 
 home, full of years and full of honors. He was 
 a pioneer in his calling as a minister of the 
 gospel. The son still survives. He was at one 
 time a member of this lodge, but has not taken 
 an active part for several years past. 
 
 The following gentlemen were then dul}- in- 
 stalled into office: Seneca Allen, Worshipful 
 Master ; Hiram Brown, Senior Warden ; Harry 
 Conant, Junior Warden; John Anderson, 
 Treasurer ; Charles Noble, Secretary. 
 
 Seneca Allen, the first Worshipful Master, 
 was a half-breed, his maternal pai-ent beinL? a 
 full blooded squaw. He was a son of John Allen, 
 formerly owner of the site, and later founder of 
 the present beautiful city of Rochester, Now 
 York. lie left .several children : A son, Henry 
 Allen, of Milan, this county; Mrs Truax, of 
 Detroit, formerly living at Trenton, Michigan ; 
 also Mrs. Colton, of Toledo, well known by 
 .some of o.ir older citizens and highly respected. 
 Mr. Allen was a surveyor by profession, and 
 stood high in his calling— a vigorous and 
 
 hai'dy ])ioneer of those earl_v days. Some of 
 our older citizens knew him well, and can re- 
 late many interesting reminiscences in con- 
 nection with him. His son Henry is still liv- 
 ing, and a member of Milan Ijodge, No. 323, 
 the latest constituted, and probably the last 
 that ever will be constituted in this county, at 
 least for many years to come. So that while 
 the father was the Worshipful Master of the 
 first, the .son is a member of the last constituted 
 lodge in this county. 
 
 Hiram Brown, who was installed as first 
 Senior Warden, seems to have pretty well 
 passed out of memory, as well as out of sight 
 and influence, as I can find no traces of his 
 family, or much of anj-thing else concerning 
 him at the present time. 
 
 Harry Conant, who was installed as first 
 Junior Warden of Monroe Lodge, No. 375, was 
 a physician, druggist, and a strong man gen- 
 erally. The doctor was father to our gallant 
 and popular townsman, the Hon. Harry A. 
 Conant, Mrs. James Armitage, Mrs. John Ho- 
 garth, of this city, and Mrs. General Williams, 
 of Detroit, as well as the lawful spouse of old 
 Mrs. Conant, still living on First street, Mon- 
 roe, loved and respected by all who know her. 
 The Doctor's drug .store occupied the ground 
 now covered b3' the building vphere Mr. S. M. 
 Sackett has his drug store, and where the same 
 kind of business has been carried on since 
 1822 — first by Daniel B. Miller and Doctor Co- 
 nant, later by Doctor Conant, and finally, till 
 the present time, by S. S. Sackett. 
 
 Colonel John Anderson, who was installed 
 as first Treasurer of the old lodge, was father 
 of Judge Alexander Anderson and John An- 
 derson, both of whom are now dead, but Mrs. 
 John Anderson is still living on the north side 
 of the river, eminently respected by all who 
 know her. The distinguished jurist and coun- 
 selor, Judge Warner Wing, also married a 
 daughter of Colonel John Anderson. 
 
 Charles Noble, who was elected first Secre- 
 
 [32G] 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 32^ 
 
 tary of the old lodge, was brother to Hon. 
 David A. Noble, whose son is here with us 
 as the Grand Treasurer of most of tlio 
 (irand Masonic bodies in this State, havin<f 
 the reputation of being the most methodical, 
 painstaking and correct Grand Treasurer these 
 (irand bodies have e%-cr had. 
 
 After the installation ceremonies were ovei', 
 the assembled brothers and friends were in- 
 vited to participate in the good things of a 
 grand dinner, served by Mr. A. C. Chapman, 
 long since dead, who at that time kept hotel 
 where Mr. Dansard now has his bank. It was 
 known liy the name of " TTie Michigan Ex- 
 change,' and had the reputation of being the 
 largest and finest hotel in the then Territory 
 ol" Michigan. Colonel F. A. Winans, who was 
 jwslniaslor here under President Buchanan, 
 married Mr. Chapman's daughter Emcline, 
 took one degree of Masonry in tliis lodge, en- 
 tered the service of the Union as lieutenant- 
 colonel of the Seventh Michigan Infantry-, 
 came home and died. Mr. A. C. Chapman's 
 son, Alcott C, married Miss Susan Smilh, went 
 to California, where he met with a melancholy 
 death, leaving a son, Thornberg, a plienom- 
 enally bright young man, who also met witii a 
 tragic;il death, having been poisoned wiiile 
 dissecting. 
 
 You will see by the foregoing tliat tiie first 
 officers of the first lodge in Monroe were men 
 of sterling worth and wide influence, and I am 
 pleased to saj* that as a rule their immediate 
 descendants have proven to be " worthy sons 
 of noble sires. " 
 
 The old Monroe Lodge was not No. 27, but 
 No. 375. It was not then under the jurisdiction 
 cif the State of Michigan, but of the (irand 
 Lodge of New York. 
 
 There was no such State as Michigan then, 
 neither was there such an organization as "the 
 Grand Lodge of Michigan." One year from 
 tiio time of the aforementioned installation, 
 however, old Monroe Lodge, No. 375, Zion 
 Lodge, No. 3 (no'.v Zion Lodge, No. 1), Detroit 
 Lodge, No. 337 (now Detroit Lodge, Xo. 2), 
 and Menominee Lodge, No. 374, joined in a 
 convention at Detroit, and organized tiie first 
 (irand Lodge of Michigan, electing Lewis Cass 
 (irand Master. 
 
 It may be interesting at this juncture to note 
 a few facts in connection with Zion Lodge 
 of Detroit, viz. : That on the 7th of Septem- 
 
 ber, 1794, Thomas Ainslie, Deputy (irand 
 Master of the Athol (irand Ijodgo of Canada, 
 granted a warrant for tlie organization of Zion 
 Lodge, No. 10, at Detroit. This ajjpcars to 
 have been the date of the introduction of Ma- 
 sonry into that province (meaning Michigan). 
 The lodge lived about nine years. It was re- 
 vived in 1807 under and by virtue of a dispensa- 
 tion issued by DeWitt Clinton, Grand Master, 
 and afterwards governor of New York. The 
 number of Zion Lodge was changed to that of 
 No. 3. At the reorganization in 1844 its num- 
 ber was again changed, and made No. 1. So 
 that she has existed under the auspices of 
 three Grand Lodges and had three numbers. 
 
 On year later, viz., 1827, the (irand Lodge 
 of Michigan was requested to assist in laj'ing 
 tiie corner-stone of St. Paul's church of Deti-oit, 
 the mother I'^piscopal church of the West. But 
 owing to the wild fanaticism which jirevailed 
 at that time in consequence of the alleged mur- 
 der of one Wm. Morgan, it was not possible to 
 convene a quorum of members for that pur- 
 pose. Not even the great power and influence 
 of that gallant soldier and patriot statesman, 
 (ioneral Lewis Cass, who was Gi-and Master 
 as well as territorial governor at that time, 
 wore sufficient to enable him to convene a 
 (|uorum of members, and induce them to stem 
 the tide of popular fear and indignation of the 
 hour. Consequcntl}-' the torner-slone of St. 
 Paul's church was not laid b^- the Grand Lodge 
 of Michigan or by any other Masonic bod3-. 
 
 When I have stated the main features of an 
 article which was published at Canandaigua, 
 New York, early in September, 182C (the year 
 the first Grand Lodge of Michigan was organ- 
 ized), and copied as rapidlj- and spread as gen- 
 erally tiiroughout the land as the meagre 
 facilities of that early day would permit, and 
 with as much malignity as ignorant fanaticism 
 could contrive or conceive, you will no longer 
 wonder why Masonry had to retire, for a time, 
 from public gaze, and to perform their heaven- 
 iTispired deeds of benevolence and charity in 
 the utmost secrecy. 
 
 The article to which I have referred runs 
 substantially as follows. (In order that you 
 may not be frightened or too greatly surprised, 
 I will premise by .saying I am about to '• give 
 Free Ma.sonr}- away " completely.) 
 
 "On Sunday, September the 10th, 1820, the 
 coroner of the county of Ontario, New York, 
 
328 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 being Master of the Masonic Lodge at Canan- 
 daigua, applied foi- a warrant to apprehend one 
 AVilliam Morgan, living at Batavia, fifty miles 
 away, for the larceny of a shirt and cravat. 
 Armed with the proper papers and in company 
 with ten other Masons heproceeded in acarriage, 
 and on the (\ay following seized and secured 
 the man guilty of the alleged enormity touching 
 the borrowed shirt and cravat. About suniset 
 of the same day (Monday, September 11th) 
 the}- returned to Canandaigua. The prisoner 
 was arraigned before the justice who issued the 
 warrant, but discharged, as the plaintiff did not 
 appear against him. The same coroner and 
 (J rand Master again arrests him for a debt of 
 two doUai's and imprisoned him. This being 
 paid and the victim released, a yellow carriage 
 and gray horses are seen by the light of the 
 moon rolling with extraordinary rapidity to- 
 wards the jail, Morgan is again seized, gagged 
 and bound, and thrown into the carriage, con- 
 taining several other men, and driven away 
 again in an opposite dii-cction as rapidly as 
 before. 
 
 " This carriage drove night and daj- over a 
 hundred miles of well-settled country, with 
 fresh hor.ses supplied at six different places, and 
 with corresponding changes of men. 
 
 " With a single exception every individual 
 concerned was a Free Ma.son, and the excep- 
 tion was immediately initiated by a unanimous 
 vote of the lodge at Lewistown. Everything 
 went on like clockwork up to the hour of the 
 evening of the 14th of September, when the 
 prisoner was taken from the carriage at Fort 
 Niagara and lodged in the place used as a 
 powder magazine. It is affirmed that eight 
 Masons met and threw into a hat as many lots, 
 three of which only were marked. Each man 
 then drew a lot, and where it was not marked he 
 went immediately home. There is reason to 
 believe that the three who remained were the 
 persons who, on the night of the l9th or 20th 
 of September took their victim from the fort, 
 carried him to the middle of the .stream, and 
 having fastened a heavy weight to hira, threw 
 him into the stream." 
 
 This fearful tale had the effect to throw the 
 whole country into a panic of persecution 
 against the Masons and Masonry, and as a 
 partial consequence the Grand Lodge of Mich- 
 igan was closed, and not again opened until the 
 2d day of June, 1841, fourteen years later, at 
 
 which time Lewis Cass was again elected Grand 
 Master. In the meantime Monroe and other 
 subordinate lodges were also closed. 
 
 On the 17th of September, 1844, pursuant to a 
 resolution of the old or first Grand Lodge of 
 Michigan, acting under new charters received 
 from the Grand Lodge of New York for the sub- 
 ordinate lodges in Michigan Territory, was or- 
 ganized the present Gi-and Lodge of Michigan, 
 i-e-olecting General Lewis Cass Grand Master; 
 the Grand liOdgc of New York having refused 
 to recognize the organization under and by 
 virtue of what she pleased to denominate "The 
 defunct lodges of Michigan Tcri'itory.' On the 
 5th of July, 1848, Monroe Lodge, No. 27, was 
 organized by authority of a dispensation issued 
 by Judge E. Smith Lee, (Jrand Master, to 
 Brother Isaac Lewis, Worshipful Master; 
 Brother John Burch, Senior Warden ; Brother 
 George KirUland, Junior Warden, and Brothers 
 Walter P. Clark, George W. Crispin, Thomas 
 Leonai'd, James Q. Adams, Jefferson G. Thur- 
 ber, Daniel B. Miller and Riley Ingersoll. Of 
 these ten gentlemen only two survive, viz.: 
 Isaac Lewis and George Kirkland. 
 
 After opening they had an election with the 
 following result, viz. : Brother Lsaac Lewis, 
 Worshipful Master ; Brother John Burch, 
 Senior Warden; Brother George Kirkland, 
 Junior Warden; Brother Daniel B. Miller, 
 Treasurer; Brother Jefferson G. Thurber, Sec- 
 retary; Brother Geo. W. Crispin, Tj-ler. 
 
 They convened in what was then known as 
 " Odd Fellows Hall,'' but subse<[uently, and for 
 many years, Zion church (Lutheran), .south- 
 west corner of First and Cass streets, which 
 has since given way to Zion church school 
 building. At this meeting Jefferson G. Thur- 
 ber was apjjointed to draft a set of by-laws for 
 the lodge, and Brothers Isaac Lewis, John 
 Burch and George Kirkland to negotiate for a 
 suitable hall in which to meet. 
 
 Brother Isaac Lewis was Government super- 
 vising inspector of steamboats under Presi- 
 dents Pierce and Buchanan ; has held the office 
 of county inspector of the poor for twenty-five 
 years, and has held other offices of trust and 
 honor, and has always had an unsullied repu- 
 tation for strict honesty and fidelity. 
 
 Brother John Burch represented this county 
 in our State senate during the sessions of 
 1842-3; was mayor of this city in 1850. 
 
 Brother George Kirkland represented this 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 329 
 
 county, in part, at Ijansiiis^ in tlio Ikuot iionsc 
 in 1855, and has hold other place of trust and 
 honor. 
 
 Brother JctVorson G. Tiuirhei-, Krst secret a ly 
 ol' Monroe Ijodfrc, No. 27, was an able lawyer 
 and speaiicr ; represented tliis county in our 
 Slate senate in 1844, '45, ^(i, '47. Ilis eldest 
 daujfhter, Elizabetii, is the |)resent wife of 
 Brotiier Judge Taleott E Wiiii;. His eldest 
 son is a Congregational minister of eminence 
 at Syracuse, New York, hut has recently re- 
 ceived and accepted a call to a church in 
 Paris, France. His second son, Henry C, is a 
 lawyer of Detroit, and i)artner of Hon. Don. 
 M. Dickinson, late Postmaster General. 
 
 i5rothers Walter P. Clark, James Quincy 
 Adams and Dan. B. Miller were each mayor of 
 the city, besides receiving man}- other honors 
 here and elsewhere, and the children of Bros. 
 Clark and Miller after them are widely known 
 and highly resjiected, niost, if not all, having 
 served in many places of trust and honor. 
 
 So you will see the first officers and charter 
 members of Monroe Lodge, No. 27, like tho.se 
 of Monroe Lodge, No. 375, already referred to, 
 have a record that ni'ilhcrtiies' nor their friends 
 need be ashamed of 
 
 At the next meeting, July 12, 1848, Walter 
 W. Prentice formally asked to be made a -Ma- 
 son, and Brother II. W. Cam|)bell was admit- 
 ted a member by dimit. These were the first 
 two applicants for the privileges of Monroe 
 Lodge, No. 27, one for memljcrship and the 
 other for the mysteries of Masonry. 
 
 On the2()th of July, 1848, Walter W. Pren- 
 tice was elected to take the Entered Apprentice 
 degree, and Charles Noble to membership. 
 The latter was the secretary of the origin:il 
 lodge (Monroe Lodge, No. 375), organized in 
 1825, and the only member of that old lodge 
 who ever affiliated with Monroe Lodge, No. 27. 
 Brother Prenlico was the first person ever 
 elected for a degree in this lodge. 
 
 On the 2d of August, 1848, Monroe Lodge 
 adopted a set of by-laws. On the 9th of August 
 Walter W. Prentice was made an Entered Ap- 
 prentice Mason. This was the first degree 
 over conferred in Monroe Lodge, No. 27, 
 Brother H. W. Campbell acting as Worshipful 
 Master. 
 
 On the Gth of September Brother Isaac Levis 
 conferred the degree of Fellow Craft on Rus- 
 eell Howe and David H. Derrick This vvas 
 
 the first time this degree was ever conferred 
 in Monroe Lodge, No. 27. 
 
 On the 4th of October, 1848, " Walter W. 
 Prentice was raised to the Sublime degree of 
 Master Mason in due and ancient form," 
 Brothei-s Win. W. Lister and Ezi-a Ilooil, of 
 Detroit Lodge, No. 2, acting as Worshipful 
 Master and Senior Warden respectively. This 
 was the first time this degree was ever con- 
 ferred in Monroe Lodge, No. 27. Brother Lis- 
 ter was the person u])on whom Brother John 
 B;irne3', the real author of the present work in 
 this Grand jurisdiction, conferred the degrees 
 in Detroit Lodge, No. 2, at that time, viz., 
 June, 1844, one j'car after the reorgani/.ation 
 of Masonry at Baltimore, Maryland ; while 
 Brother Ezra Rood was one of the brothers 
 who were in dail}' attendance upon the in- 
 structions of Brother John Barney while in 
 Detroit, after the Baltimore or Barney work- 
 was adopted. 
 
 On the 29th of November, 1848, Monroe 
 Lodge fi.Ked the present time of holding regular 
 meetings, viz. : "The Wednesday evening on 
 or preceding the full moon in each month." 
 Previous to this time all meetings were regulars 
 to all intents and ])urposos, as they received 
 and referred petitions, balloted for candidates 
 and conferred degrees at all meetings regard- 
 less of rules. 
 
 At the session of the (jrand Lodge January, 
 1849, Monroe Lodge was chartered and num- 
 bered — IJrother Isaac Fjcwis representing the 
 lodge. 
 
 On the 14th of February, 1849, Brother 
 Uosmer, of Toledo, Ohio, was here bj"^ request 
 and conferred the third degree upon Brothers 
 Rii.si3ell Howe and D. II. Derrick. On the 28th 
 of February, 1849, Brother George Kirkland, 
 acting as Worshipful Master, conferred the 
 third degree on Brother Ashley. He was the 
 first member of Monroe Lodge who over con- 
 ferred the third degree in it, Detroit or Toledo 
 jiartics always having clone it previously. 
 Brother Kirkland became one of the l)rightost 
 and best working Masons in Michigan. 
 
 March 21, 1849, Brother Walter W. Prentice 
 acted as Worshipful Master for the first time. 
 Brother Lewis being ab.sent. 
 
 On the 4th, 5th, 14th, 17th, 18th and 19th of 
 July, 1S49, the Grand Lecturer, A. C. Smith, 
 of Detroit, was here instructing the officers of 
 the lodge in the work and lectures. During 
 
3B0 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 this time Brothers I. R. (irosveiior and John 
 M. Bliven were initiated, passed and raised to 
 the Sublime degree of Masonry, while Brother 
 E. G. Morton was initiated and passed to the 
 degree of Fellow Craft. 
 
 During the month of August, 1849, Brothers 
 E. G. Brigham and Daily were made Masons. 
 
 On the 3d of September, 1849, Brother Tal- 
 cott E. Wing was made an Entered Apprentice 
 Mason. 
 
 On the 14th of November, 1849, Brother 
 Isaac Lewis conferred the third degree on 
 Brothers B. G. Moi-tou and Barton W. Spears. 
 This was the first time Brother Isaac Lewis 
 ever conferred the third degree, as far as the 
 records of the lodge show. Oft the 28th of No- 
 vember, 1849, the first annual election of of- 
 ficers occurred, and the following were chosen ; 
 Brother Isaac Lewis, Worshipful Master ; 
 lirother Jefferson G. Thurber, Senior Warden ; 
 Brotiier John M. Oliver, Junior Warden. This 
 did not appear to please the members exactly, 
 for on the 2Cth of December, 1849, they held 
 another election, with the following result, viz.: 
 Brother Isaac Lewis, Worshipful Master; 
 Brother Walter W. Prentice, Senior Warden ; 
 Brother Walter P. Clark, Junior Warden ; 
 Brother Charles Noble, Treasurer; Brother 
 John M. Oliver, Secretary. On the day fol- 
 lowing the balance of the ofticers were ap- 
 pointed, I. II. Grosvenor and Barton W. Spears, 
 Stewards. 
 
 On the 3d of January, 1850, the above named 
 officers were duly installed by Brother Bar- 
 bour, of Detroit, the lodge having failed to 
 procure the services of Brother J. II. Cleve- 
 land, of Adrian, for that purpose. 
 
 This closes the first Masonic year of Monroe 
 Lodge, No. 27. She has had her period of in- 
 cubation, so to speak, while working under a 
 dispensation issued by Grand Master E. Smith 
 Lee ; her first year of chartered existence; her 
 first annual election and installation of officers, 
 etc., etc. 
 
 On the 20th of February Brother 1. E. Gros- 
 venor, in accordance with instructions, pro- 
 cured a set of jewels for the officers of the lodge. 
 Brother Ira Maj'hew was also elected at this 
 meeting. He has since become famous in the 
 history of this State as an educator. 
 
 October 5, 1850, occurred the second annual 
 election of Monroe Lodge, and resulted as fol- 
 lows, viz. : Brother Isaac Lewis, Worshipful 
 
 Master; Brother Walter W. Prentice, Senior 
 Warden; Brother Jefferson G. Thurber, Junior 
 Warden ; Brother J. T. Holt, Sec'y ; Brother 
 Ira R. Grosvenor, Treasurer ; Brother B. F. 
 Fifield, Senior Deacon ; Brother B. W. Spears, 
 Junior Deacon. The lodge also showed its 
 patriotism at this meeting by appropriating 
 ten dollars towards erecting a monument to 
 (xeneral George Washington. 
 
 April 9, 1851, Brother Ephraim Baldwin was 
 made a Mason. His son Willis is now Secretary 
 of this lodge. 
 
 August 12, 1851, Brother Doctor L. H. 
 Cooper was made a Mason. 
 
 December 24, 1851, occurred the third annual 
 election of officers, v,'ith the following result, 
 viz. : Brother Walter W. Prentice, Worshipful 
 Master: Brother Jefferson G. Thurber, Senior 
 Warden : Brother W. Vague, Junior Warden ; 
 Brother Ephraim Baldwin, Secretary ; Brother 
 Isaac Lewis, Treasurer ; Brother B. W. Spears, 
 Senior Deacon; Brother B. F. Fifield, Junior 
 Deacon ; Brothers E. G. Morton and W. Corbit, 
 Stewards; Brother Thomas Leonard, Tyler. 
 
 January 7, 1852, the above named officers 
 were duly installed by Postmaster Isaac Lewis. 
 
 On the 21st of January, 1852, J. V. Cook and 
 Peter Benson were made Master Masons. 
 
 On the 3d of March, 1852, Brother G. A. 
 Strong (Captain Albert G. Strong, who was 
 killed at Pittsburg Landing,) was made a Ma- 
 son, and Brother A. D. Perkins and Wm. C. 
 Bronson were elected. 
 
 March 31, 1852, Brother Isaac Lewis pre- 
 sented two columns for work in the Fellow 
 Craft degree to the lodge, but the lodge paid 
 for them. 
 
 May 12, 1852, Brother E. Smith Lee, who had 
 become Grand Lecturer, visited and instructed 
 the lodge in the work and lectures, and before 
 leaving the city left a copy of the work with 
 Brother Walter W. Prentice, while the latter 
 on his death bed gave it to Brother A. I. 
 Sawyer, and in low and trembling accents gave 
 him this injunction : "Preservethe landmarks." 
 These were his last woi'ds to Brother Sawyer. 
 
 December 22d occurred the fourth annual 
 election in Monroe Lodge with the following 
 result, viz. : Brother Jeff'erson G. Thurber, 
 Worshipful Mnster; Brother George Kirkland, 
 Senior Warden ; Brother John M. Oliver, 
 Junior Warden. The Worshipful Master ap- 
 2winted to fill other offices, Ephraim Bald- 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 n\ 
 
 win, Secretary ; Isaac l.cwi.s. Troasiirer ; 
 B. W. Spears, Senior Deacon ; \V. M. L'orbil, 
 Junior Doacon ; Brothers G. A. Strong and 
 Tiiomas Leonard, Stewards, and Peter Benson, 
 Tyler. All of these were duly installed on 
 the 25th of December. 1852, by Pa.st Master 
 W. W. Prentice. 
 
 On the 11th of January, 1S53, Brother Dan! 
 
 B. Miller, who died on the 9th, was buried by 
 Monroe Lodge. This was the first death in 
 the lodge, and his the first Masonic funeral, 
 and it was a large one. But of all who took 
 pari in that funeral as Masons, there are but 
 seven now liv'ing, viz , Isaac Lewis, Talcotl E. 
 Wing, George Kirkland, I. II. Grosvcnor, 
 Ephr.iiin Baldwin, Thomas Doyle and W. C. 
 Brown. He was one of the charter members 
 and the first treasurer, and a man of more than 
 ordinary influence. 
 
 On the 23d of Februarys 1853, Brothej-s Win. 
 
 C. Brown, Wm. V. Miller, Luther H. Barnes 
 and P. S. Underhill were elected to be made 
 Masons. 
 
 March 23. 1853, Brothers Constant Luce and 
 S. W. Curtis were elected to be made Masons. 
 
 April 6, 1853, Brothcr.s James Darrah and 
 TV. II. Montgomery were elected to be made 
 Masons. 
 
 At the regular meeting in Ma\' Brothers 
 Toussaint Navarre, Christ. Diffonbaugh and 
 Kev. R. R. Salter wore elected to be made 
 Masons. 
 
 July 28, 1853. Brother Thomas Norman was 
 made a Mason. 
 
 December 14, 1H53, .Monroe Lodge held its 
 fifth annual election of officers, resulting as 
 follows: Brother George Kirkland, Worshi])- 
 ful Master; Brother John M. Oliver, Senior 
 Warden; Brother Barton W. Spears, Junior 
 Warden. The Worshipful Master appointed 
 the balance of the officers as follows : S. W. 
 Curtis, Senior Deacon ; Lyman Wolcott, Junior 
 Deacon; James Darrah, Treasurer; L. S. 
 Stevens. Secretary ; Peter Benson, Tyler. They 
 were duly installed on the 27th of the same 
 month. 
 
 February 8, 1854, the lodge voted a dona- 
 lion of 88.00 per month until July of .same 
 year for a Mrs. Nash, who was a Mason's 
 widow in want. 
 
 In those days there was no distinction made 
 between affiliated and non-affiliated Masons, so 
 far as the right of Masonic burial or relief 
 
 'was concernetl. therefore on the 2d day of 
 May, 1851. the lodge arranged for the burial of 
 old Mr. Norman, though not a member of the 
 lodge. 
 
 May 10, 1854, Brothers E. G. Matteson and 
 B. J. Thayer (Dr. Thayer) were elected to be- 
 come Masons. 
 
 June 14lh, Brother Wm. Corbin was made a 
 Mason. 
 
 July 5th Brothers John J. Chami)er'luin and 
 (ieorgo Peter.s, of Petersbiirgh, were elected to 
 be made Masons. 
 
 November 1, 1851, Brother A. S. Hall was 
 elected to be made a Mason, also Brother W. H. 
 Wells. At this meeting the lod^cc received a 
 petition for a recommendation for a new lodge 
 at Dundee, which petition was granted at a 
 subsequent meeting, held two weeks later. 
 
 Dundee Lodge, No. 74, was the second lodge 
 organized in this county since the reorganiza- 
 tion of Masonry in 1843. 
 
 December 20, 1854, Monroe Lodge, No. 27, 
 held its si.xth annual election of officers, with 
 the following results, viz. : Brother Walter W. 
 Prentice, Worshipful Master; Brother Luther 
 H. Barnes, Senior Wai-den , Brother Thomas 
 Norman, Junior Warden. The Worshipful 
 Master appointed the others as follows, viz. : 
 Brother James Darrah, Treasurer; Brother 
 John H. Richardson, Secretary ; Brother L. S. 
 .Stevens, Senior Deacon ; Brother Harvey^ V. 
 Man, Junior Deacon, etc., who were installed 
 by Past Master Isaac Lewis on the 27th of 
 December, 1854. 
 
 January 17, 1855, Brother Cogshall, Grand 
 Lecturer, visited the lodge and instructed it in 
 work and lectures. Brothers Prentice and 
 Richardson were instructed to procure a seal 
 for the lodge. 
 
 January 31, 1855, Brothers John J. Stevens, 
 John D. Darrah, John S. Dickinson and Rich- 
 ard Stringleman were elected to be made 
 Masons. 
 
 March 28. 1855, Brothers Samuel H. Wag- 
 ner and Samuel W. Arnold were elected to be 
 made JIasons. The Worshipful Mastei- also 
 appointed a committee to wait on all members 
 addicted to intemperance and notify them that 
 they must either reform or be expelled. 
 
 May 30th Brothers C. S. Bulkley and John 
 Norman were elected to be made Masons. 
 
 October 24, 1855. Brother Charles R. Taylor 
 was elected to be made a Mason. 
 
332 
 
 History of monroe county, Michigan. 
 
 November 23, 1855, Brother Henry SiiiiUi 
 was elected ta membership. 
 
 December 26, 1855, the lodge held its seventh 
 election of officers, resulting a.s follows : Brother 
 John M. Oliver, Worshipful Master ; Brother 
 Thoma.s Norman, Senior Warden ; Brother 
 James Darrah, Junior Warden. The Worship- 
 ful Master elect appointed the balance of the 
 officers, viz.; Brother John J. Stevens, Senior 
 Deacon ; Brother George A. Strong, Junior 
 Warden ; Brother Charles R. Taylor, Secretary; 
 Brother Jjcwis Darrah, Treasurer; Isaac Lewis 
 and Jetfcrson (i. Thurber, Stewards; Peter 
 Bronson, Tyler, who were dulj' installed the 
 next day. 
 
 February 20, 1850, Brother John Thompson 
 was elected to be a Mason. 
 
 February 2l8t Brother Chai'les Taylor ( Little 
 Charles Taylor, as we used to call him) was 
 elected to receive second degree of Masonry. 
 No record of any previous action in his case. 
 
 February 22d there was a Ma.sonic address 
 at the Methodist church, by Brother Blinn, 
 andasupperin theevening. The Cass Guards 
 and Germania l*'ire Companj' were out in force. 
 The lodge paid Brother Blinn flO.OO. 
 
 April IG, 185C, Brothers D. I'. Newell, F. M. 
 Winans, Alexander Grant and Wm. E. Luce 
 were elected to be made Masons, and Eov. 
 Frank May was elected to membership. The 
 lodge also voted to allow the Knights Tonijilar 
 to meet in their hall. 
 
 Maj' 7th the lodge bui'icd Brother Ij. II. 
 Pine. Brother Pine was a non afiiliated Ma- 
 son, too. 
 
 August 14, 185t!i, Brother Wm. Dunbar was 
 elected to receive the first degree of Masonry. 
 
 October 8, 1850, Brothers R. R. Kirby and 
 Jacob VanWormer were elected to bo made 
 Masons, and Brotlier Jacob Cooke was made 
 a Mason. 
 
 December 10, 1856, Brother Fred Ferry was 
 elected to be made a Mason. 
 
 December 24, 1856, the lodge held its eighth 
 annual election of officers, I'osulting as follows, 
 viz. : Brother Thomas Norman, Worsliipful 
 Master; Brother James Darrah, Senior War- 
 den ; Brother George Ijindl}^, Junior Warden; 
 Brother W. W. Prentice, Senior Deacon; Brother 
 John Norman, Junior Deacon; Brother Alexan- 
 der Grant, Secretary; Brother Lewis Dnrrali, 
 Treasurer; Brother Peter Bron.son, Tyler, who 
 were all duly installed on the 27th. 
 
 January 7, 1857, Brothers O. R. Goodale and 
 H. P. Vrooman were elected to be made 
 Masons. 
 
 February 26, 1857, Brother J. V. Cooke was 
 buried with Masonic honors. 
 
 March 4. 1857, Brother S. B. Waketield was 
 elected to be made a Mason. 
 
 April 22, 1857, Brother Stillman Hlanchard 
 visited and instructed the lodge in the uork 
 and lectures. 
 
 • May 8, 1857, the lodge buried Brother Jeffer- 
 son G. Thurber, Past firand Master, Henry T. 
 Backus acting as Worshipful Master. 
 
 August 5, 1857, Brother Don. O. Spalding 
 was elected to be made a Mason. August 8th 
 Don. O. Spalding and Brother Frank Raleigh 
 were made Ma.sons. 
 
 December 23, 1857, the lodge held its ninth 
 annual election, resulting as follows, viz. : 
 Brother .lames Darrah, Worshipful Master; 
 Brother Isaac Lewis, Senior Warden ; Brother 
 Richard Stringleman, Junior Warden. Brother 
 Thomas Norman was appointed Senior Dea- 
 con : S. B. Waketield, Junior Deacon ; Alexan- 
 der Grant, Secretary ; W. V. Miller, Treasurer ; 
 W. W. Prentice and John Norman, Stewards; 
 Peter Bronson, Tyler, who were duly installed 
 bj' John M. Oliver on the 26th of the same 
 month. Brothers S. Meyerfcid anil L. I'^ried- 
 ciiberg were elected to be made Masons at this 
 meeting. 
 
 On the 24th nf February, 1858, Brother 
 Thomas Whelplj- was elected to membership, 
 on the 21st of April Brothers Ben. Dansard 
 and B. IleTidy were raised to the Sublime 
 degree of a Master M.ason. I shall never 
 forget the impressions received through an 
 oral prayer made by the now deceased Brother 
 Dansard at that time. 
 
 After remaining in the aforenamed brick 
 building, on the southwest corner of Cass and 
 First streets, for a brief ])eriod, the lodge moved 
 into the second story of the building then oc- 
 ])ied by James Armitage as a dry goods store, 
 situated on the west corner of 'Front street, by 
 F. Walldorf's mill, where Brother E.G. Ilarvej' 
 f<jrmerly kept hotel. It was in that hall that 
 the incidents just related took place, and it was 
 during my first visit to Monroe Lodge. 
 
 Here the lodge remained until burned out in 
 May, 1860, when it was moved to the rooms 
 now occupied by the Odd Fellows in the third 
 stoi-y of Brother Wakefield's building on Wash- 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 333 
 
 ington street, where it romiiinetl for sometime, 
 when it again moved, into the third story oftiie 
 building used by Brother F. S. Sill for a shoe 
 store. Finally' and histl^' it moved into this 
 iiall, whei'c it and all other .Nlasonic bodies of 
 the citj^ now meet. 
 
 I have been thus elaborate in noting what 
 was done Masonieullj' u]) to and during the 
 first ten j'ears of the life of Monroe Lodge, 
 No. 27, for the reason that it contributes quite 
 largely to the histor}- of Musoni-y and Monroe 
 count3- ; and for the further reason that many 
 of tliiisc wlio took an active part in tho.so trans- 
 actions have also figured conspicuously in the 
 subsequent political and business history of 
 the county, while some have added luster to 
 the history of the State and Nation. Tiie bal- 
 ance will be a cursory and hurried 
 
 srM.MAuy. 
 
 - Cliarter members; Isaac Lewis, W. M.; John 
 Burch, S. W.; George Kirkland, J. AV.; and 
 Brothers Walter P. Clark, Geo. W. Crispin, 
 Thomas Leonard, Riley Inger.soU.J. (i.Tliurbcr. 
 Dan. B. Miller. 
 
 First meeting, July 5, 1848. 
 
 First work: Walter W. Prentice, :i])j)lica 
 lion July 12,1848; Entered Apprentice, August 
 11, 1848; Fellow Craft, October S, 1848 : Master 
 .Mason, October 4, 1848. 
 
 |■^4.S 
 
 1S4'J 
 1850 
 1851 
 1852 
 ia53 
 lso4 
 1 <>o 
 18.')(i 
 1857 
 ISoS 
 1 s.V.) 
 
 im;o 
 
 lS(il 
 
 isii2 
 1st -,3 
 1804 
 18<;5 
 1801) 
 18<>7 
 1808 
 IStiil 
 1870 
 1S71 
 1S72 
 
 HOSTKU OF .M.V.STEKS 
 Sla^tcrs. 
 
 Isaac Lewis, 
 l.saac Lewis. 
 Isaac Lewis. 
 Isaac Lewis. 
 W. W. Prentice. 
 J. G. Tluirber. 
 George KirklaniL 
 W. W. Prentice. 
 J. M. Oliver. 
 Thomas Norman. 
 Jauies Darrah. 
 W. W. Prentice. 
 Ira R. Grosvenor. 
 Jas. Darrah. 
 W. \V. Prentice. 
 Ira R. (Jrosvenor. 
 \V. \V. Prentice. 
 A. 1. Sawyer. 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 W. A. Noble. 
 Jas. C. Kellie. 
 
 .\.ND SKCRET.^UIES. 
 Sccrrlaricf. 
 Jeff G. Thurbcr. 
 Jeir. G. Thurber. 
 J. .M. Oliver. 
 .1. T. Holt. 
 K. Baldwin. 
 E. Baldwin. 
 L. S. Stevens. 
 J. H. Richardson. 
 C. R. Taylor. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 Ale.K. Grant. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 Alex, (irant. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 Alex. Grant. 
 John P. Schluter. 
 Chas. P. Toll. 
 Lewis Grant. 
 Lewi.s Grant. 
 Lewis Grant. 
 A. Bragdon. 
 N. Kornlith' 
 
 Year. 
 
 Xaslen. 
 
 Secretaries. 
 
 1873 
 
 Jas. C. Kellie. 
 
 L. Darrah. 
 
 1874 
 
 L. Darrah. 
 
 L. Darrah. 
 
 1875 
 
 l-ewis Grant. 
 
 W. D. Clark. 
 
 1870 
 
 I^ewis Grant. 
 
 D. R. Cram pt on. 
 
 1877 
 
 Lewis (irant. 
 
 D. R. Cranipton. 
 
 I87S 
 
 Lewis (irant. 
 
 S. A. Gowuian. 
 
 187!) 
 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 
 S. A. Gowraan. 
 
 1S80 
 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 
 I). R. Crarapton. 
 
 188 1 
 
 .\. I. Sawyer. 
 
 D. R. Crampton. 
 
 1882 
 
 Lewis (irant. 
 
 Hal. K. Stevens. 
 
 1883 
 
 Lewis ( irant. 
 
 Hal. E. Stevens. 
 
 1884 
 
 Lewis (irant. 
 
 Hal. K. Stevens. 
 
 1S85 
 
 Will. 1'. llaighL 
 
 Hal. E. Stevens. 
 
 188(; 
 
 VVni. F. Ilaight. 
 
 Hal. E. Stevens. 
 
 1887 
 
 A. 1. Sawyer. 
 
 A. E. Dunhar, jr. 
 
 1888 
 
 R. S. Tlionipson. 
 
 A. E. Dunbar, jr. 
 
 188!) 
 
 Hal. E. Stevens. 
 
 Willis Baldwin. 
 
 Brother A. L Sawj'or acted as Senior Grand 
 Warden of Grand Lodge in 1885-6 ; was a 
 member of Committee on Jurisprudence several 
 times, also Committee on Appeals, for the Grand 
 Lodge. 
 
 Of those who have been Worshipful Masters 
 the following huve died, viz.: Walter W. Pren- 
 tice, Jefferson (i. Thurber, John M. Oliver, 
 James Darrah, Lewis !)ari-ah, Wm. A. Noble, 
 Thomas Norman ; total, 7. Of the Secretaries, 
 Jefferson (i. Thurber, John M. Oliver, J. T. 
 Uolt, L S. Stevens, Chas. R. Taylor, Alexander 
 (ii'ant, John P. Schluter, Lewis Darrah ; total, 8. 
 
 Monroe Lodge has from the first been a sort 
 of central or rallying point in Masonty, conse- 
 quently those first " receiving Masonic light ' 
 under her auspices, have contributed to the 
 organizing and building up of several other 
 Masonic lodges, as well as organized bodies of 
 higher Masonry within the city and through- 
 out the county; and I see no reason why she 
 should not as a rule feel proud of her sort of 
 motherhood to them. For instance: Dundee 
 Loilge, No. 74, located at the lively and some- 
 what ambitious little village of that name, was 
 oi'ganized in 1850, and has a proud record, 
 worthy of emulation, as she was bound to 
 have, when represented by such painstaking, 
 hard-working and zealous Masons as Henry 
 Waiting, J. W. McBride, J. W. Mason, M. D., 
 John J. Dixon, (Jeo. C. Kent, H. A. Wilkinson, 
 Kiios Kent. etc.. etc. 
 
 IU,.\NCII.\KD I.ODGK, No. li«, 
 
 Is located at Petersburgh, the home of that 
 king of good fellows and organizers. Rev. Bro. 
 D. B. Tracy. She was organized in 1858. and 
 
334 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 has ever licld a warm and enviable place among 
 the Masons of the State, which she could not 
 well fail to do while represented by such gal- 
 lent and eflScient "fellows" as Eev. Brother D. 
 B. Tracy, John T. liosc, Isman P. Eussell, etc. 
 A dispensation was granted Blanchard Lodge, 
 ]SIo. 102, March 31, 1858; Worshipful Master, 
 D. B. Trai^y ; Secretary, Horace Hill. Lodge 
 constituted February IG, 1850, J. Adams Allen. 
 Grand Master. 
 
 KO.STER OF MASTERS AND SECRETARIES. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Masters. 
 
 Secretaries. 
 
 1859 
 
 D. B. Tracy. 
 
 Lyon. 
 
 1860 
 
 William Corbin. 
 
 Morgan Parker. 
 
 ]«)1 
 
 James I. Russell. 
 
 William Heath. 
 
 1802 
 
 .Tames I. Rus.soll. 
 
 B. F. Rase. 
 
 1863 
 
 William Corbin. 
 
 W. H. Heath. 
 
 1864 
 
 D. B. Tracy. 
 
 W. H. Heath. 
 
 1865 
 
 D. B. Tracy. 
 
 H. Camburn. 
 
 1866 
 
 J. I. Russell. 
 
 H. Camburn. 
 
 1807 
 
 J. I. Russell. 
 
 II. Camburn. 
 
 1868 
 
 J. 1. Russell. 
 
 H. Camburn. 
 
 1869 
 
 W. HoRle. 
 
 H. Camburn. 
 
 1870 
 
 J. I. Russell. 
 
 H. Camburn. 
 
 1871 
 
 J. I. Russell. 
 
 G. A. Cantield. 
 
 1872 
 
 E. W. Reynolds. 
 
 W. H. Heath. 
 
 1873 
 
 J. I. Russell. 
 
 W. II. Heath. 
 
 1874 
 
 E. W. Reynolds. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1875 
 
 J. I. Russell. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1876 
 
 .1. 1. Russell. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1877 
 
 W. Hogle. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1878 
 
 A. C. Williams. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1879 
 
 A. C. Williams. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1880 
 
 A. C. Williams. 
 
 T. P. Barlow. 
 
 1881 
 
 J. T. Rose. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1882 
 
 J. T Rose. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1883 
 
 J. T. Rose. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1884 
 
 J. T. Rose. 
 
 W. H. Heath. 
 
 1885 
 
 Perry McCarty. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1886 
 
 J. T. Rose. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1887 
 
 J. T. Rose. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1888 
 
 J. T. Rose. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 1889 
 
 N. B. Russell. 
 
 A. E. Stuart. 
 
 EUREKA LODGE, No. 107. 
 
 Of Monroe, was organized in 1858. Her mem- 
 bers have always been prominent in the Grand 
 bodies of this State, and one of her mombei-.s, 
 H. Shaw Noble, now holds, and has held for 
 several years, the honorable and truly respon- 
 sible position of Grand Treasurer of the Grand 
 Lodge, and of most other Grand Masonic bodies 
 in the State. Another, Brother G. R. Hurd, who 
 has held the oflice of W. M. of Eureka Lodge 
 for eighteen years, was once Grand Marshal of 
 the Grand Lodge, and once on the Committee 
 of Jurisprudence of that body. 
 
 "The lodge was opened in the third story of 
 the brick building occupied by Brother George 
 Meinsinger as a meat market, on the 19th of 
 January, 1858, James Darrah acting for 
 Grand Master Wm. M. Fenton, and installing 
 the officers. 
 
 The Worshipful Masters and Secretaries 
 were as follows: 
 
 ROSTER OF MASTERS AND SECRETARIES. 
 Secretaries. 
 C. R. Taylor. 
 F. C. Godfrey. 
 Jacob Cook. 
 A. WiLsou. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 F. B. Clark. 
 George S. Wakefield. 
 C. F. 1-hl. 
 
 F. A. Niras. 
 Ed. Willits. 
 
 G. B. Delong. 
 G. B. Delong. 
 Theodore Kirchmeir. 
 J. M. Loose. 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 H. S. Noble. 
 C. Hoyt. 
 C. Hoyt. 
 C. Hoyt. 
 
 Deceased members ; Masters, John M. Oliver, 
 George Lindslcy, C. T. Southworth; total, 3. 
 Secretaries, C. R. Taylor, F. C. Godfroy, F. B. 
 Clark, C. F. Ulil ; onl}' four out of sixteen. 
 
 HIRAM LODGE, No. 110, 
 
 Located at Flat Rock, just within Wayne 
 county, and hence, strictly speaking, not with- 
 in the household of Monroe county, was organ- 
 ized in 1858. My reason tor referring to this 
 lodge is that she divides jurisdiction with 
 Monroe Lodge, and therefore when oi'ganized 
 
 *Thi8 election was on the lOtli of January, right 
 after receiving charter on the 15th of same month, so 
 there were two elections in one year. 
 
 rear. 
 
 Masters. 
 
 1858* 
 
 J. M. Oliver. 
 
 1858 
 
 J. M. Oliver. 
 
 1859 
 
 J. M. Oliver. 
 
 1800 
 
 (xeorge Lindsley. 
 
 ISIil 
 
 C. T. Southworth. 
 
 18(i2 
 
 C. T. Southworth. 
 
 l.S(i3 
 
 Jacob Cook. 
 
 1804 
 
 C. T. Southworth. 
 
 1S65 
 
 C. T. Southworth 
 
 1800 
 
 H. S Noble. 
 
 1807 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1808 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1809 
 
 G. B. Hurd. 
 
 1870 
 
 (i. B. Hurd. 
 
 1871 
 
 Fred. A. Niras. 
 
 1872 
 
 Fred. A. Nims. 
 
 1873 
 
 Fred. A. Nims. 
 
 1874 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1875 
 
 G. R. llurd. 
 
 1870 
 
 (t. R. Hurd. 
 
 1877 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1878 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1.S79 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1880 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1881 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1882 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1883 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1884 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1885 
 
 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1880 
 
 (i. R. Hurd. 
 
 1.S87 
 
 (i. R. Hurd. 
 
 188S 
 
 G. L. Blodgett. 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 335 
 
 cut off a very largo portion of our jurisdic- 
 tion nortli ; and because many of her members 
 boloni^ to the Chapter, Council and Com- 
 mandery in this city. She has been ably 
 represented bj' Hon. John Strong, Dr. Lob- 
 dell (deceased), .T. W. Young, Fred. Rhine- 
 hart, etc. 
 
 KL'SSKI.L LOIMIK. No. 1-14. 
 
 Located at Lambertvillc, this count}', wasorgan- 
 ized in ISiJo, and has been represented by such 
 Masonic lights as that old veteran Mason, 
 George Ivirkland, lion. John J. Sumner, Hon. 
 Addison E. Dunbar, \Vm. Dunbar, W. T. 
 (Jreen, etc., and was bound to attain and hold 
 a j)rominent place in the roll of honor. 
 
 I HAMFLI.N' I.OUGE, No. 300, 
 
 Was organized July 25, 1871. Many of the 
 charter members of this lodge, like those of 
 Dundee, Hlanehard, Russell and Huix'ka Lodges, 
 first saw Masonic light in old Monroe Lodge, 
 No. 27, and of course it was born to be a success. 
 She has been prominently and ably re])re- 
 sented by Brothers Joseph Carr. John V. (Jol- 
 born, John W. Ward, Charles Bail, and other 
 good and true men. 
 
 The tirst meeting was held Jul}- 25, 1.S71, 
 uith the following officers: Joseph Carr, 
 Worshipful Master; W. J. Manning, Senior 
 Warden; Clark McKenzie, Junior Warden; 
 11. Bulger, Treasurer; W. J. Clark, Secretary; 
 .1. F.Colburn, Senior Deacon ; J. Jack.son, Junior 
 Deacon ; J. W. Ward and S. C. Hunt, Stewards; 
 J. F. Bulger, Tyler. 
 
 Joseph Carr held the office of Worshipful 
 Master until January 23, 1874, when J. F. Col- 
 burn was elected and held the office till Decem- 
 ber 27, 187(), after which the chair was filled by 
 J. W. Ward and C. J. Ball alternately till 
 December, 1S87, with the exception of one 
 \ear, 1881, when J. H. Francisco was master. 
 The year just past Robert McKenzie lias been 
 master. W. J. Clark held the office of secretary 
 till June 23, 1884, since which time J. F. Col- 
 burn has held the office, excepting one year, 
 1884, when R. N. Francisco was secretary, and 
 two years by GustavusBrandus, 1885 anil 1886. 
 
 The present officers are : Robert McKenzie, 
 Worshijjful Master: C. J. Ball, Senior Warden: 
 Clark McKenzie, Junior Warden ; James Labo. 
 Treasurer; J. F. Colburn, Secretary; J. W. 
 Ward, Senior Deacon ; J. Bulger, Junior Dea- 
 
 con; H. C. Hood and Fred. Neidcrmier, Stewards; 
 Warren Charter, Tyler. 
 
 The lodge opened in 1871 with thirteen 
 members, and has now on the roll thirty. 
 
 One of the thirteen charter members has 
 been called away, Brother Josiah Colburn, at 
 eighty-three years of age. Two others have 
 also died. Brothers Rosey and Turner. 
 
 Officers elected for the ensuing year : J. F. 
 Colburn, Worshipful Master; J. W. Ward, 
 Senior Warden ; J. F. Bulger, Junior Warden ; 
 Jas. LabOjTrea.surer; F. Neidcrmier, Secretary; 
 A. J. Mattison, Senior Deacon; Itobt. Cargo, 
 Junior Deacon. 
 
 .MILAN I.ODGK, No. 323, 
 
 Located in the village of Milan, this county, 
 was organized in 1874. This lodge is situated 
 geographically with regard to Washtenaw 
 county, much as Hiram Lodge is related to 
 Monroe county, but masonically quite different, 
 as she is much farther away, and other lodges 
 have jurisdiction between us. Besides, her 
 charter members were not from Monroe Lodge. 
 But she has been ably represented by I. S. 
 Hitchcock, Dr. Bessac, etc., and no doubt will 
 prosjjcr and her member.sliip diffuse refulgent 
 light wherever dispensed throughout the Ma- 
 sonic world. 
 
 KNKUITS TE.Mri..\l{. 
 
 Monroe Commandery, No. 5, was organized 
 under a charter from the Grand Commandery 
 of New York. The last officers thereof were 
 James Darrah, Eminent Commander, J. M. 
 Oliver, Generalissimo, Thomas Norman, Cap- 
 tain General. I can give you nothing prior to 
 this, as the charter and all records of Monroe 
 Commandery, No. 5, were surrendered at the 
 Ibrrnation of the Grand Commandery of Michi- 
 gan, April 5, 1857, at which time the number 
 was changed to 4. At the first election of 
 officers of the Grand Commandery of Michi- 
 gan, James Darrah. the then Eminent Comman- 
 der of Monroe Commandery, was elected Emi- 
 nent Grand Captain General. At the next 
 election, in 1858, he was elected Eminent Grand 
 Generalissimo of the Grand Commandery. 
 
 The first three officers of Monroe Comraan- 
 derj-. No. 4, during the period of its existence 
 in Monroe were: 1857-8, Jas. Darrah, Eminent 
 Commander; J. M. Oliver, Generalissimo; 
 Thos. Norman, Captain General. 1859, Wm. 
 
336 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 L. Greenly, l^hninont Conunander; D. B.Tracy, 
 Goiioral; Tlionin.s IS'orniaii, Captain General. 
 18t!0, D. B. Tracy, Eminent Commander. 
 During the s]ieeiul session of Grand Coniman- 
 dery held .lanuary, IStiO, No. 4 was represen- 
 ted by their Eminent Commander, 1>. B. Tracy. 
 
 At this lime a resolution was adopted author- 
 izing No. 4 to hold special meetings of their 
 commandery at Adrian, and from this time 
 forth, neai-ly all of the resident members being 
 in attendaiu-e u))on our late unpleasantness 
 (War of tiie Rebellion), no meetings were held 
 in Monroe. 
 
 l)uring the spring of IStiO the old Masonic 
 Hall (which you will remember was over Dan. 
 B. Miller's store, next the City Mill.s) was 
 burned, and the Commandery lost all their 
 properly and eftectsthat were not in Adrian. 
 
 At the regular session of (i rand (Commandery, 
 held June 5, ISGd, the dues of Alonroe. No. 4, 
 wore remitted on account of this fire. This 
 was probabl3- somewhere near the date of the 
 death of Monroe, No. 4, as I tiudthat they were 
 not represented in Grand Commander}-, al- 
 though Eev. D. B. Tracy, of New Baltimore, was 
 elected Grand Captain txcneral, and was at the 
 time a member of Monroe, No. 4. 
 
 At session of Grand Commandery in June, 
 lS(i2, No. 4 was represented by \V. F. King, of 
 Adrian, as proxy for Commandery. At this 
 session, it was '' liesoIveJ, That in the event of 
 Monroe Commandery, No. 4, failing to recover 
 their charter, a new one be granted free of 
 charge.'' The old charter was not burned at 
 Masonic Hall, as it was found several years 
 afterwards at the house of S. G. Clark, while 
 looking over the effects of James Darrah, who 
 had died in the army, and was by him given 
 to Thos. Norman, who sent it to Adrian. 
 
 On June 3, 181)3, at 10:00 a. m.. ihe following 
 resolution was passed in Gi'and Commandery: 
 ■ Rei^olved, That the location of Monroe Com- 
 mandery, No. 4, be removed to the city of 
 Adrian and the name changed to Adrian Com- 
 mandery, No. 4." This was the burial of 
 knightly hopes in this city for the time being. 
 
 After much labor on the part of a few Sir 
 Knights of Monroe, a dispeusation was pro- 
 cured December Ki, 18G7, tor our present Com- 
 mandery, and D. B. Tracy was named therein 
 as the first Eminent Commander under dispen- 
 sation, and on the 3d day of June, 1S6S. a 
 charter was granted Monroe. No. 19. 
 
 The records show that on the 1st of June, 
 1860, Sir Knight P. E. C, A. I. Sawyer, of 
 Monroe Comma nder}-. No. 19, asked for and 
 received $100 from the Grand Commandery, 
 previously paid bj^ said commandery for the 
 present charter, in consequence of having at 
 that time already paid for the charter of the 
 commandery. which was finally moved to 
 Adrian. 
 
 On the 23d of December, ISO", the first con- 
 clave of Monroe Commandery, No. 19, was 
 held in old Masonic Hall, over F. S. Sill's store, 
 with D. B. Tracy as Eminent Contmander and 
 Chas. Toll as Kecorder. The next conclave 
 was held February 0, 1808, and several com- 
 panions elected to take the orders. On February 
 20, 1868, the orders were conferred on Com- 
 l)anions Prank Raleigh, Geo. E. Hurd. W. J. 
 Manning and A. F. Eiseman in the order 
 named, constituting them the first who received 
 the orders in Monroe, No. 19. 
 
 Sejitember 3, 1S6S. the first meeting was held 
 under the present number charter, and officers 
 elected as follows: A. I. Sawyer, Eminent 
 Commander: II. Shaw Noble, Generalissimo: 
 Frtink Kaleigh, Caj^tain General; G. E. Hurd, 
 Prelate : Thos. Norman, Senior Warden : Geo. 
 Spalding. Junior Warden ; Chas. Toll, Eecorder; 
 Constant Luce, Treasurer: E. W. Figg, Stand- 
 ard Bearer; John Lane. Sword Bearer: Joseph 
 Waltman, Warder: A.. P. Eiseman, Sentinel. 
 These officers wore duly installed on November 
 5, 1868. 
 
 The next election and installation of officers 
 was held March 4, 1869, and regularly on the 
 first Thursday of the month next preceding 
 Good Friday from that date to this. 
 
 The following have held the office of Emi- 
 nent Commander and Secretary the years 
 named: 
 
 i't'Or. Eiuin^M Commauffcr. 
 
 1S6S A. I. Sawyer. 
 
 ISo'J H. Shaw Xoble. 
 
 1570 H. Slusw Xoble. 
 
 1571 H. Shaw Noble. 
 
 1572 H. Shaw Xoble. 
 ISTo Geo. R. Hurd. 
 
 1574 Jas. B. Xewton. 
 
 1575 Jas. B. Xewton. 
 lS7ii Jas. B. Newton. 
 
 1577 Jas. B. Newton. 
 
 1578 H. Shaw Noble. 
 1879 Chas. Toll. 
 
 1550 H. Shaw Noble. 
 
 1551 H. Shaw Noble. 
 
 SfCrftary. 
 
 Chas. Toll. 
 
 Chas. Toll. 
 
 Chas. Toll. 
 
 L. Grant. 
 
 L. Grant. 
 
 L. Grant. 
 
 L. trrant. 
 
 L. Grant. 
 
 L. Grant. 
 
 L. Grant. 
 
 A. E. Dunbar. 
 
 A. E. Dunbar. 
 
 D. R. Cramptou. 
 
 I. E. Brown. 
 
SECRKT SOCIETIES. 
 
 •.Vil 
 
 Year. Eminent Commander 
 
 ISS-i H. Shaw Noble. 
 
 1883 11. Shaw Noble. 
 
 1884 Lewis Grant. 
 188.5 Lewis Urant. 
 188<> .\. I. .Sawyer. 
 1887 C. W. Scott. 
 
 Sfcrctriry. 
 Jas. L. ICaton. 
 .las. L. Kalon. 
 Hal. K. Stevens. 
 Hal. E. Stevens. 
 Joseph Clark. 
 D. K. Cranii)ton. 
 
 I.S88 D. K. Crampton. A. K. Dunbar, jr. 
 
 Oftheso officers ill! llio KminentCommaiidcrs 
 are alivo except Sir .hinics B. Newton, who 
 died May 0, 1878. His rcmaiius were escorted 
 to the i-ailroud depot by the eoniniandory in 
 lull iiiiilbrni, accompanied by an escort there- 
 Irotn to Pontiac, where they wei-o met by 
 I'ontiac Coniniandery sixty five strong, taken 
 to tiie conietcry and peacefully' laid to rest 
 with full knightly honors. He was at his 
 death Junior Grand Warden of the (irand 
 Coinniandcry of- Michigan. The following 
 general order was issued by the (iran<l Coni- 
 niandery : 
 
 General Order A^. 2. 
 
 IlEAmillAKTKIU! OF THE RIOIIT EMI.N'EST GRAND lOM.M ASDER.1 
 tiKAND COMMANDERV KNIUHTS TEMIT.AH OK MICHIGAN, 
 
 COKINNA. May 1.). IMS. ) 
 
 To the liighl Eminent and Eminent, and all true and 
 courltous Knights throughout tlie Jurisdiction of Mich- 
 igan, Greeting, Praters: 
 
 An alarm at the outer door admonishes us 
 that Death, the unwelcome visitoi-, is once more 
 in our midst. The Northwest angle of our 
 (irand Triangle, and the left of the Third Di- 
 vision, is without its faithful guardian. The 
 summons has been issued, and a beloved Sir 
 Knight called from earth to heaven to make 
 up the Grand Array of Templar Masons who 
 have gone before and been received into the 
 Fellowship of the good and true. 
 
 It is with profound grief that we announce 
 to the iSir Knights of our jurisdiction that 
 Eminent Sir James B. Newton, Grand Junior 
 Warden of this Grand Commandcry and Past 
 Kniinent Commander of Monroe Coinniandcry, 
 No. 19, departed this life in the cit}' of Monroe, 
 Michigan, on Thursday, May 9. 1878, aged 4(1 
 years. 
 
 How forcibly are we reminded that " in the 
 midst of life we are in death." The solemn 
 admonition that at any moment the Angel of 
 Death may receive the mandate to strike us 
 from the roll of existence, is exemplified in the 
 deiith of our Sir Knight, who was removed 
 from us while in the pride and vigor of man- 
 hood. 
 
 Tem])lar Masonry in this jurisdiction loses a 
 zealous and useful Sir Knight, and this Grand 
 Comniandery a beloved and faithful officer. 
 
 His death has made a vacancy in his house- 
 hold, as well as in the community in which he 
 lived, that will long be felt and not easily filled. 
 
 It is ordered by our Pight Eminent Ci.rand 
 Commantler that as a token of respect for our 
 departed and illustrious Sir Knight : 
 
 1st. That this order bo read at the heail of 
 the lines at the opening of the (Jrand Com- 
 inandery at its session on the 14th inst. 
 
 2(1. That it also be read at the liea<l of the 
 lines in all subordinate commanderies in this 
 jurisdiction at the first regular conclave held 
 after the receipt thereof 
 
 3d. All officers of the Grand Commandcry 
 
 • shall wear the usual bailgo of mourning upon 
 
 their left breast and at the hilt of their swords, 
 
 during the session of the Grand Coniniandery. 
 
 4th. The banners of our Order shall be 
 draped in mourning for the space of thirty 
 days after the promulgation of this order. 
 
 Commending you to the jjrotection of the 
 " Great Ca])tain of our Salvation,' the Right 
 Eminent (irand (Jomniander aftectionately 
 greets 3()u. By order of 
 
 I!. Vj. Sii! Hugh McCikdy, 
 (irnnd Commander. 
 In kiiighlh' courtesy and esteem, 
 Wm. p. Innks, (Irand Recorder. 
 
 There has been no death among those who 
 have held the office of recorder. 
 
 On February 22, 1870, the commaudery gave 
 a public ball at the City Hall, which was tlie 
 grandest affair of the kind that had ever taken 
 place in this city, and for years afterwards was 
 favorably commented upon by people gener- 
 ally when opportunity offered. It was not 
 strictly a financial success, as some of the older 
 members will remember, but no money was 
 taken from the treasury, the shortage being 
 wholly contributed b}' individual members. 
 
 On October 1, 1873, the commander^', ac- 
 comjianied by several members of Toledo 
 Commandery as their guests, went b^" special 
 car to Lansing, Michigan, where they took part 
 in the laying of the corner-stone of the capitol 
 liuilding, and on this occasion were highl}- 
 com])linuMited, not onl}' for their knightly bear- 
 ing, but for the style they i)ut on in traveling, 
 being second only to Detroit, No. 1, in that 
 
338 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 particular; and so fully did the Lansing people 
 apprceiatc this, tliey ])rovidcd a dinner for us 
 in the Methodist church, where the ladies were 
 so plentiful and handsome that it took some of 
 the Sir Knights most of the afternoon to get 
 through their dinner. The honors of this din- 
 ner were about equally divided between Sir L. 
 E. Woodin, of No. lit, and R. II. Warriner, of 
 Toledo Commandcry. 
 
 You remember the reunion of the old vete- 
 rans, when our city was so full of people and 
 such a grand time was had. On this occasion 
 Monroe Commandcry, No. 19, entertained 
 about otic hundred visiting Sir Knights, and 
 upon the jjarade headed the procession, receiv- 
 ing loud and long plaudits from the multitude 
 for their pluck and elegant bearing. This was 
 the only occasion upon which the commandcry 
 has ajjpeared in public; then we were few in 
 numbers, but full of enthusiasm. 
 
 August 16, 1880, the commandcry made a 
 pilgrimage to Chicago; went by special car 
 and in good stj'le. There were many laugh- 
 able incidents during the trip. The com- 
 inandery took part in the tedious march of 
 fourteen miles under a blazing sun, and it was 
 no wonder that .some of our Sir Knights were 
 overcome and fell by the wayside. It may 
 well be illustrated, when we remember that 
 25,000 Knights started and but 7,000 remained 
 to the finish. The exhibition of valor dis- 
 plaj'ed by Monroe, No. 19, was not outdone by 
 any commander^' at Chicago. 
 
 The commander^ has been officially present 
 at the triennials of the General (Irand Encamp- 
 ment held at Baltimore, Cleveland, Now Orleans 
 and Chicago. Thus you see we have not been 
 backward in tlic gcnoi-al good timcs,and rt/u'rti/s 
 did well. 
 
 Monroe has been represented in the Grantl 
 Commandery of Michigan as officers : Monroe 
 Commandcry, No. 4, in 1857, by James Darrah 
 as Grand Captain General, and in 1863 by I). 
 B. Tracy as Deputy Grand Commander. Mon- 
 roe, No. 19, in 1877, bj' James B. Newton as 
 Grand Junior Warden, and from 1881 to the 
 present time, by H. Shaw Noble as (xrand 
 Ti'casurer. 
 
 This is a prettj- fair showing for a com- 
 mandcry that hcgan with a few charter mem- 
 bers just twenty years ago, whose names are as 
 follows, viz. : I). B. Tracy, A. I. Sawyer, C. 
 Luce, R. W. Figg, Chas. Toll, Thos. Norman, 
 
 General Spalding, H. Shaw Noble, John Lane, 
 Joseph Waltman. George Kirkland, J. L. Wol- 
 cott ; nearly all of whom are now alive, though 
 not with us. 
 
 Since thistime the orders have been conferred 
 upon forty-six, and nine have been admitted 
 to membership fi'om other eommanderies. 
 There have been but seven deaths siqce it was 
 organized, viz., Thos. Norman, B. W. Figg, 
 Frank Raleigh, A. F. Eisoman, James B.New- 
 ton, Seth L. Carpenter. Eugene B. Dotj'. 
 
 I do not think you would be interested to 
 learn who have been suspended and demitted ; 
 they arc but few and we are sorry for them, but 
 alas! such is the fate of some men. 
 
 Our commander}- is represented by membots 
 resident in the States of Michigan, Ohio, Kan- 
 sas, Texas, Minnesota, Montana, Washington 
 Tei-ritory, California, Dakota, and the province 
 of r)ntario. So among other things wc ai'C 
 scattered both far and wide. 
 
 C.Vl'lTUL.^R MASONKY. 
 
 River Raisin Chapter, No. 22, R. A. M., was 
 instituted March 18, 1859, under a dispensa- 
 tion by Salathiel C. CoflSnbury, M. E. (rrand 
 High Pi-iest of the Grand Chapter of R. A. M. 
 of the State of Michigan, dated March 7, 1859, 
 to the following named companions as charter 
 members: James Darrah, D. B. Tracy, B. J. 
 Thayer, W. Corbin, Thomas Norman, Constant 
 Luce, John H. Wolcott, B. H. Curtis, and W. 
 P. Cliristiancy ; with James Darrah, fir.st M. E. 
 H. P. ; D. B. Tracy, fir.st M E. King, and B. J. 
 Thayer, first E. Scribe. 
 
 The records show that Lewis Friedonberg 
 was the first to make application for the de- 
 grees of the Chapter, on March 18, 1859, and 
 Comjjanions Dansard, F'riedenberg and Me3'er- 
 feld the first team exalted, and Butts, Wakefield 
 and Eiseman the second, both being exalted on 
 same date, April 22, 1859. May 13th Com- 
 panion Dansard was appointed the first regular 
 secretary. 
 
 BCSTER OF HIGH PlilESTS AND SECUET.\KIES. 
 
 Year. 
 
 High rrimts. 
 
 
 
 St'crttaries. 
 
 l.S(iO 
 
 D. B. Tracy. 
 
 
 C. 
 
 Luce. 
 
 1S(U 
 
 James Darrah. 
 
 
 c. 
 
 C. Butts. 
 
 1SIJ2 
 
 Chas. T. Southv 
 
 lortli. 
 
 G, 
 
 . A. Strong. 
 
 1863 
 
 Chas. T. South n 
 
 orth. 
 
 A. 
 
 I. Sawyer. 
 
 1S64 
 
 Frank Raleigh. 
 
 
 A. 
 
 , I. Sawyer. 
 
 18li5 
 
 Frank Raleigh. 
 
 
 A. 
 
 I. Sawyer. 
 
 lS(i(j 
 
 Frank Kaleigh. 
 
 
 L. 
 
 Jacoby. 
 
 18tj7 
 
 A. I. Sawyer. 
 
 
 C. 
 
 Toll. 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 33'J 
 
 Year. High PrUsts. 
 
 1868 A. I. Sawyer. 
 
 ISO!' A. I. Sawyer. 
 
 INTO .\. I. Sawyer. 
 
 1.571 G. K. Hurd. 
 
 1.572 G. R. Hurd. 
 
 1.573 A. \. Sawyer. 
 
 1874 Joseph Clark. 
 
 1875 II. Shaw Noble. 
 187(i H. Sliaw Noble. 
 1.S77 II. Shaw Noble. 
 1S7.S II. Shaw Noble. 
 187!* Lewis Grant. 
 18.S() (ieo. K. Ilurd. 
 ISSl Geo. R. Hurd. 
 1,SS2 Geo. K. Hurd. 
 
 1883 Lewis Grant. 
 
 1884 Lewis (irant. 
 188.') Lewis Grant. 
 188(> Lewis Grant. 
 
 1887 Joseph Clark. 
 
 1888 G. L. Blodgett. 
 
 1889 C. H. Saunders. 
 
 Secretaria. 
 Julius Weiss. 
 Julius Weiss. 
 Julius Weiss. 
 L. Grant. 
 L. (irant. 
 C. Toll. 
 C. Toll. 
 J. M. Loose. 
 A. K. Dunbar. 
 A. K. Dunbar, 
 .v. E. Dunbar. 
 A. E. Dunbar. 
 A. E. Dunbar. 
 L. (irant. 
 L. Grant. 
 H. Shaw Noble. 
 II. Shaw Noble. 
 II. Shaw Noble. 
 11. Shaw Noble. 
 H. Shaw Noble. 
 H. Sluiw Noble. 
 H. Shaw Noble. 
 
 Coinpanio!! Captain Riehard Stringlemun 
 (l)iek Striiiglenian, as he was familiarly called) 
 was lost on a bargo on Lake Superior, Novem- 
 ber 27, 1872 ; one of the truest men and one of 
 the most zealous Mason.s that ever practiced 
 the " Mystic Eites.'' 
 
 Corni)ariion Captain (icoi'gc A. Strong was 
 killed at the battle of Pittsburg Landing: hi.s 
 remains were brought home and buried with 
 -Masonic honors. 
 
 Companion A. L Sawyer was elected Grand 
 High Priest of the Grand Chapter in 1874, 
 Deputy in 1873, Grand King in 1872, Grand 
 Scribe in 1871, Grand Captain of the Host in 
 1870, and made Grand Principal Sojourner in 
 1879; was chairman of the committee which 
 framed the present constitution of the Gi-and 
 Chapter in 1875, 1876, 1877 and 1878; was 
 chairman of the Committee on Jurisprudence 
 for many years ; represented the Grand Ciuip- 
 ter of Michigan in the General Grand Chapter 
 when it met at Denver in 1883, and was first 
 to receive a Grand High Priest's Jewel without 
 salary. In 1871-2 was chairman of the com- 
 mittee to arrange the chronologj' of the order 
 of High Priesthood in this State, and upon that 
 report the present chronology was founded ; 
 and in 1871 was chosen vice-president of the 
 Order. In 1872-3 was elected Grand Presi- 
 dent of the Order of High Pi-iesthood in this 
 State, acting for others as such .several other 
 >essions. At one time he was the onl}- person 
 in the State who had the work of the Order. 
 
 Companion H. Shaw Noble was elected 
 Gi-and Treasurer of the Grand Chapter in 
 18 — , and has been reelected each year since. 
 
 Companion Joseph Clark was appointed 
 chairman of the Committee on Finance of the 
 (irand Chapter in 1876, and has been re-ap- 
 pointed each year ever since, and at the ses- 
 sion of the (;rand Chapter in 1888 was pre- 
 sented with a Past High Priest's Jewel, for his 
 faithful and successful labors as such; a like 
 compliment never having been extended to a 
 member before. 
 
 UKVPTIC MASONRY. 
 
 IJiver Uaisin Council, organized December 0, 
 IS.-)!), D. B. Tracy, T. L G. M.; John Tynell, 
 I). T. I. M., and S. Blanchard, P. C. of W. 
 Who the rest of the officers were the records do 
 not say. 
 
 At the election held February 3, 18G0, Wm. 
 Carlisle was elected T. I. G. M. ; C. Luce, D. L 
 (;. M.; B. Dansard, P. C. of W., and D. B. 
 Tracy, Rec. 
 
 At the election hehl December 21, 18(ilt, Jas. 
 Dari-ah was elected T. L G. M. ; B. Dansard, 
 Deputy ; B. J. Thayer, P. C. of W.. and D. B. 
 Tracy, Rec. 
 
 I8(";i— B. Dansard elected T. 1. G. M. ; Wm. 
 Corbin, Deputy ; L. Kric<lenberg, P. C. of W.. 
 and C. Luce, Rec. 
 
 No meeting held during the years 18U2-3-4. 
 
 18(j5— June 1st a meeting was held and D. B. 
 Tracy was elected T. 1. G. M. ; F. Raleigh, 
 Deputy, and L. Jacobj', Rec. 
 
 186ti — No election. 
 
 1867 -February Isl Companion A. I.Sawyer 
 was elected T. I. G. M ; C. Luce. Deputy, and 
 C. Toll, Rec. 
 
 18(i8— The siuue companions were re elected 
 to the respective offices, and also in 1869. 
 
 1870 -Companion H. S. Noble was elected 
 T. I. G. M. ; J. Clark, Deputy, and C. Toll, 
 Rec, and they were all re-elected in 1871. 
 
 1872 — Companion John Lane was elected T. 
 I. G. M. ; L. Grant, Deputy, and C. Toll. Rec. 
 and they wore all re-elcctetl in 1873. 
 
 1874 —No election. 
 
 1875 — Companion S. Mej-erfeld was elected 
 T. I. (i. M. ; Joscjih Wahhnian, Deputy, and C. 
 Toll. Rec. 
 
 1876 — Companion Sawyer was again elected 
 T. I. G. M. ; L. Grant, Deputy, and C. Toll, Rec. 
 
340 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 1877 — Companion L. Grant was elected T.I. 
 G. M. ; G. Hurd, Deputj',and C. Toll, Uoc, and 
 the same companions were re-elected in 1878. 
 
 1879 -Companion J. Clark wa.s elected T. I. 
 G. M. ; G. R. Hurd. Deputy, and C. Toll, Kcc. 
 
 1880-1— No election. 
 
 1882— Companion A. I. Sawyer was again 
 elected T. I. G. M. ; W. P. Haight, Deputy, and 
 C. Toll, Rec. 
 
 1883 — No election. 
 
 1884— Companion Sawyer was re-elected T. 
 I. G. M. ; D. R. Crampton, Deputy, and G. R. 
 Hurd, Rec. 
 
 1885 — Sumo coinpauions wore re-elected. 
 
 1886— Companion Sawyer re-elected T. I. G. 
 M. ; C. W. Scott, Deputy, and C. Toll, Rec. 
 
 1887— N"o election. 
 
 1888— December 14th Companion L, (irant 
 was elected T. I. G. M.; G. R. Hurd, Deputy, 
 and F. B. Nelson, Rec. 
 
 Of the above named two have demitted, 
 namely, D. B. Tracy and Wm. Corbin; seven 
 have died : John Tyncll, Jas. Darrah, B. Dan- 
 sard, L. Jacob}', F. Raleigh, B. J. Thayer and 
 S. Blanchard. 
 
 Companion C. Toll held the office of recorder 
 for eighteen years, and Companion Sawyer 
 held the office of T. I. G. M. ten years. II. S. 
 Noble held the office of Grand Thrice Illustri- 
 ous Grand Master of the Grand Council in 
 1872, and A. I. Sawyer, Grand P. C. W. in 
 1871. 
 
 Deceased members: W. P. Christianej", A. F. 
 Eiseman, G. A. Lovett, W. W. Prentice, D. G. 
 Frazier, R. W. Figg, Wm. Rhiuehart, S. L. 
 Carpenter. 
 
 INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FEI^LOWS 
 
 Monroe Lodge, No. 19, I. O. O. F., was in- 
 stituted on the 16th day of January, 1847, in 
 the third story of Kellogg's Exchange, a hotel 
 then occupying the site of the present banking 
 office of Dan.sard & Son, corner of Front and 
 Washington streets. Those officiating were: 
 Andrew J. Clark, Most Worthy Grand Master 
 of the Grand Lodge of the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows of the State of Michigan ; Wit- 
 ter J. Baxter, (Jrand Secretary ; Colonel John 
 Winder, A. S. Kellogg, Charles S. Adams and 
 Pierre Teller, who arrived in carriages from 
 Detroit in the afternoon of the 16th of January. 
 
 The charter members of the lodge were : 
 Jefferson G. Thurber, Benjamin F. Fifield, 
 Henry I). Walbridge, Joseph M. Sterling, 
 Henry Grinnell, George S. Howe, William A. 
 Noble, William H. Wells, James Darnih and 
 Walter W. Prentice. 
 
 The first election of officers resnlted as fol- 
 lows : Jefferson G. Thurber, Noble Grand ; 
 Benjamin F. Fifield, Vice Noble Grand ; Wil- 
 liam N. Noble, Secretary ; Henry D. Wal- 
 bi-idgc. Treasurer. The offlccfs appointed wore: 
 Geo. S. Howe, Warden ; Joseph M. Sterling, 
 Conductor, and Wm. H. Wells, Guardian. 
 
 The lodge room was first established in the 
 basement of the River Raisin Bank, which 
 occupied the present site of the Park Hotel on 
 the public square. 
 
 During the first yonv of the organization the 
 War Department having made a requisition 
 upon the Governor of Michigan for fifteen 
 companies of infantry to aid in the pro.sccu- 
 tioii of the Mexican War, Brother Captain 
 Henry Smith, of Monroe, in response to the 
 call, offered his services to the Government, 
 and was ordered to report at Cincinnati for 
 further orders. The night previous to leaving 
 he was initiated, and the first five degrees were 
 conferred upon him. Undei" ordinary circum- 
 stances a brother was not eligible for decrees 
 for one month alter becoming a member, but 
 this case was considered an instance of urgent 
 necessity and the operation of Section 1 of 
 Article V. suspended. Brother Smith was 
 ordered from Cincinnati to Vera Cruz. His 
 duties as quartermaster were exceedingly 
 arduous. In the region of the tropics, subject 
 to the severe diseases of an enervating and un- 
 healthy climate, doing (as was I'eported) the 
 duty of three men instead of one, with exjjo- 
 suros incident to it, within six weeks after his 
 arrival at Vera Cruz ho fell a victim to the 
 prevailing epidemic and died of yellow fever. 
 As soon as the lodge received news of his death 
 it determined to send for his remains, raised a 
 sufficient sum of money, and detailed Brother 
 James Darrah to obtain them and return them 
 to Monroe for sepulture. It was no small un- 
 dertaking at that earl}- day to go from Monroe 
 to Mexico, and none but a noble fellow with a 
 brotherly feeling would have been equal to it. 
 Brother Darrah in due time returned with the 
 remai ns,to the great gratification of oui- citizens 
 and deep gratitude of the family of the deceased. 
 
SECRET SOCIETIES. 
 
 341 
 
 His ivinains arrived in the iilglit in a wagon, 
 and were taken to the lodge, where tiie coffin 
 was draped in black cloth by the brothers, and 
 tlicn escorted to the rcsi<lenee ol'the family on 
 Elm avenue (now the site of the residence of 
 I. K ligianfritz) by the City Guards, under 
 Captain Nathan N. Kendall. 
 
 In the year 184S Elbridge G. Brighani i)ur- 
 chased the old Presbyterian church, on the 
 corner of Cass and Second streets, remodeled 
 it and rented it to the lodge, wliere it continued 
 to hold its sessions for some years, when it was 
 sold to tiie Lutheran church. The building was 
 afterwards demolished, and gave place to the 
 two-story German Lutheran school now stand- 
 ing. On leaving the church building the lodge 
 occupied llie second story of the liivcr llaisin 
 Bank building, and remained there until the 
 building was burned in 1808. As .soon as 
 .Strong's hotel was built, on the site of the old 
 building, the lodge occupied apartments there 
 until tlie business of the hotel rc([uired all 
 their room. It tlien removed to the three- 
 story brick building of Stephen B. Wakefield, 
 on the east side of Washington street, where 
 rooms with all desirable appointments were 
 secured, and which the lodge continue to 
 occupy. 
 
 At tiie tire referred to above all the books 
 were burned, with the exception of the old 
 Bible (the edges of which were well scorched), 
 which was presented to the lodge in February, 
 18-18, by Henry 1). Walbridge, now deceased. 
 A few emblems were saved, among wiiich 
 were the jtholograph of Hon. J. F. Thurber, 
 the first Noble Grand, Moses' rod, the chart, 
 the death tablet, and David's bow and arrow. 
 
 The objects, aims and purposes of the In- 
 dependent Order of Odd Fello.vs, originating 
 in 1818 at Baltimore and organized in all the 
 States, is well kno.vn, and we are warranted 
 in saving that in the city and county of Mon- 
 roe, since its organization, hundreds of needy 
 families of the Order have received relief there- 
 from. I can also say that during a number of 
 our severe winters its charities and benevo- 
 lence have extended beyond members of the 
 lodge to a great number of destitute and de- 
 serving families. The last generous act was 
 the liberal contribution for the relief of suf- 
 ferers of the Johnstown disaster. 
 
 When the west addition was made to Wood- 
 land cemetery the lodge purchased two lots 
 
 for resting-pla<'es foi- their dead, and several 
 brothers belonging to this and other lodges have 
 found temporary resting-places, of whom Broth- 
 ers Dirt'enbaugh and Vincent only remain. 
 
 The present officers of the lodge, whose term 
 of office expires December 31, 1889. are as fol- 
 lows; William F. Knajjp, Noble Grand; 
 Frank S. Sterling, Vice Noble (frand ; Fred. H. 
 Humphrey, Recording Secretary; M. C. Sack- 
 ett, Permanent Secretary; Daniel A. Hazens, 
 Treasurer. Lodge meetings are held everj' 
 Monday evening. Present membership, 97. 
 
 But three of the charter members arc now 
 living, viz., Joseph M. Sterling, of Monroe, 
 Michigan : William H. Wells, of Erie, Monroe 
 county; Henry (irinncll, of Grand Rapids, 
 Michigan. One of them, J. M. Sterling, joined 
 Wayne Lodge, Xo. 2, in 1842, and has always 
 pai<l his dues, still a constant attendant on the 
 lodge, which indicates his esteem of Odd Fel- 
 lowship. 
 
 One reminiscence occurs to me that hap- 
 pened in the early days of the organization, 
 when two candidates were in the ante-room for 
 initiation, one of whom is now esteemed and 
 living in Monroe. A bright, cheerful fire was 
 burning in the fireplace, with an iron poker 
 resting against the jamb. lie was inclined to 
 be a little susjiicious, having heard so much 
 about the mysteries of the Order and bi'anding 
 process, and, being left in tiie room awaiting 
 the call for .some time, hearing the movements 
 and stir in the adjoining room his apprehen- 
 sions and fear increased. He thought lie would 
 escape the branding, so seized the iron poker, 
 ran out into the yard and concealed it. His 
 companions thought the secret too good to 
 keep, and some time after revealed it. 
 
 A tablet of deceased members in full nicm- 
 bcrship at the time of their death now hangs 
 in the lodge room. The names are as follows: 
 
 H. Smith, died at Vera Cruz, July 24, 1847. 
 
 B. F. Luce, died at Monroe, May 1, 184!). 
 
 J. G. Keller, died at Bedford. October 2, 1851. 
 
 L. Hawkins, died at Summerfield, December 
 2, 18.T1. 
 
 W. J. Kip]i, died at Marys liiver, June .30, 
 1852. 
 
 R. Stodilard,dicd at .Monroe, Augu.st !(!, 1S52. 
 
 S. Knap]), died at Georgetown. Colorado, 
 August 28, 1852. 
 
 J. A. Kcebough, died at Hillsdale, February 
 13, 1853. 
 
342 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Geo. Morton, killed on M. S. R. R. at Carlisle, 
 June 25, 1853. 
 
 Jas. Keegan, died at Monroe, August 6, 1854. 
 
 J. A. Barrager, died at Adrian, December 
 20, 1855. 
 
 L. Vincent, died at Monroe, March 29, 1856. 
 
 J. G. Thurber, died at Monroe, May 6, 1857. 
 
 L. S. Harvey, died at Monroe, March 13, 1858. 
 
 J. W. Little, drowned at Monroe, April 17, 
 18.59. 
 
 J. Darrah, died at Fortress Monroe, August 
 17, 1802. 
 
 F. W. Winans,dicd atMonroe, March 15, 1804. 
 
 P. Beiscl, died at Monroe, March 29, 1805. 
 
 C. Diffenbaugh, died at Monroe, Augu.st 28, 
 1865. 
 
 B. F. FiHcld. (lied at White Sulphur Springs, 
 August 20, 180<;. 
 
 W. W. Prentice, died at Monroe, May 27, 1K07. 
 
 F. A. Kirchgessner, died at Monroe, July 19, 
 1807. 
 
 J. (i. Rother. died at Monroe, Fel)ruary 20, 
 1870. 
 
 E. O. \Vhi))ple, (lieil at Monroe, January 10, 
 1871. 
 
 H. O. Scott, died at Maybee, October 8, 1881. 
 
 Cory Brainard, died at Lcadville, May 21, 
 1887. 
 
 LINCOLN LODGE, No. 190. I. O. O. F., 
 
 Of Monroe, Michigan, was organized July 19, 
 1872. 
 
 Charter members: Charles Frank, John P. 
 Schluter. Anton Munch, Charles Kirchgessner, 
 Jacob Kull, Edward Vogel, Nee Rupp, Jacob 
 Zang. 
 
 Present ofKcers; Fred Bruhner, Noble 
 
 Grand ; Dan. Hassley, Vice Grand ; George 
 Ea])p, Secretary; Charles Kirchgessner, Treas.; 
 Henry Ruler, D. D. G. M. 
 
 THE (iERMAN WORKINGMEN'S ASSOCIATION 
 
 Of Monroe, Michigan, was organized in Feb- 
 ruary, 1805, at Jacob Zang's hall, with seven- 
 teen members. 
 
 The charter members were : Charles Kirch- 
 gessner, August Girshke, Girshke, John 
 
 Beckerlein, Louis Waldorf, John L. Eckert, 
 Nicholas Kupp, John Buttman, et al. When 
 the membership had increased to one hundred 
 the society rented a large hall of Mr. Rupp, 
 afterwards the hall of Mrs. Frank A. Kirchgess- 
 nei-, which it continues to occupy. 
 
 The first officers elected were : John P. 
 Schluter, President; Anton Munch, Vice Presi- 
 dent; Frank A. Kirchgessner, Secretary"; 
 Melchior Kiburts, Treasurer. The presidents 
 that were subsequentl}' elected were August 
 Girshke, Charles Kirchgessner, George Neckel 
 and Charles Gruncr, the present presiding 
 officer. 
 
 The present membership is 228. The State 
 VVorkingmen's Asssociation now embraces 
 forty-eight societies, with a membcrshi]! of 
 0,500. 
 
 Kvery member when initiated pays a fee of 
 five dollars, fil\y cents- at the death of every 
 member's wife, three dollars a w^eek during 
 sickness of any member. On the death of any 
 member thirty dollars is paid to the family for 
 funeral expenses out of the local treasury of 
 the Bund, and the State Association ])ays his 
 family 8500. 
 
CHAPTER XXVI. 
 
 THIC AfFAICAN WAR. 
 
 TEXAS was a part of the domain of ancient 
 Mexico. When Mexico became a republic 
 ill 1S24, it was made one of its united States. 
 Itiiad been claimed by our (lovernment as a 
 ]):ii't of the Louisiana purchase in 1803, but 
 this claim was not pressed. Texas began to 
 be settled by Americans as early as 1831. It 
 rebelled against the Government of Santa 
 Anna, and declared itself an independent State 
 March 2, 1836. This independence was not 
 admitted by Mexico. 
 
 On the 4th of Jvdy. 1845, Texas was with its 
 own consent admitted as one of the States of 
 our Union. This caused an immediate rupture 
 bc^tween the United States and Mexico. Added 
 to this our Government had a series of com- 
 phiints against Mexico for aggressions upon 
 our vessels in the Gulf of Mexico, confiscations 
 in its own territory of the property of Ameri- 
 can merchants, violations of treaty, and other 
 acts of injustice, extending back for a period of 
 nearly forty years, in addition to acts of 
 violence demanding redress. Even a hearing 
 was refused to our embassador, and he was 
 turned away with insult, our territory invaded, 
 and the blood of our citizens shed upon our 
 (jwn soil. Congress declared, with but two 
 negative votes in the Senate and fourteen in 
 the House, that war existed by the act of the 
 Republic of Mexico, at the same making pro- 
 visions for its energetic prosecution. General 
 Taylor was sent at once with an army of occu- 
 ])ation to Texas to hold and defend it. On the 
 24th (if April, 1840, the tirst blood was shed in 
 the war with Mexico. 
 
 In May, 184(5, the Governor of Michigan was 
 notified by the War Department of the United 
 Stales to enroll a regiment of volunteers, to be 
 held in readiness for service whenever de- 
 manded. At his summons thirteen indepen- 
 dent companies, eleven of infantry and two of 
 I avalry, at once volunteered. Of the infjautry 
 liiur companies were from Detroit, bearing the 
 
 honored names of Montgomery, Lafayette. 
 Scott and Brady upon their banners. Of the 
 remainder Monroe tendered two, Lenawee 
 count}' three, St. Olair, Beri'ien and Hillsdale 
 counties each one, ;ind Wayne county an addi- 
 tional company. In addition to them ton com- 
 panies, making the first regiment of Mich- 
 igan volunteers springing from various parts 
 of the State, but embodying to a great degree 
 the material of which the first volunteers are 
 formed, were not called for until October fol- 
 lowing. This regiment was soon in readiness, 
 and proceeded to the seat of war. 
 
 In the region of the tropics, imjiatient for the 
 farther advance which was denied them, sub- 
 ject to the severe diseases of an enervating and 
 unhealthy climate, doing vigilant duty in 
 guarding the avenues of approach, in keeping 
 open the communications, in overawing a hos- 
 tile population, the gallant regiment evinced in 
 all the trials of that harassing warfare the 
 fidelity and devotion which has ever charac- 
 terized the ])atriot soldier of the Peninsular 
 State. Considering the obstacles overcome, the 
 successes accomplished and mighty results that 
 have followed their heroic efforts form one of 
 the greatest triumphs on record ; one for which 
 history has perhaps no superior. A less de- 
 gree of wrongs and outrages upon the jjersons 
 and property of our people, if unredressed, 
 committed by powers other than Mexico would 
 have been considered sufficient ground for hos- 
 tilities. 
 
 Our State claims the credit which attached 
 to the memorable achievements of Company K, 
 Third Dragoons, and Companies A, K, and G 
 of the Fifteenth Regiment of the United States 
 Infantry. The latter compau}', in command 
 of Captain Frazey M. Winans, of Monroe, was 
 selected as guard at headquarters for their fine 
 military bearing and eflSciencj-. The deailly 
 field of Churubusco attested that the honc^r was 
 well deserved. 
 
 [343] 
 
344 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTV, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Of the infantry coinpauics recruited in ttiis 
 State two, A and K, ioi-nunic ttie right and cen- 
 ter of the Fifteenth Keijiment, also Company 
 (i, were particuUirly distinguished at the Na- 
 tional Bridge. The two former, as indeed the 
 whole army, were i-educcd to one-third of their 
 original number hy the remarkable changes of 
 temperatui-e and the privations to which they 
 were exposed. 
 
 At Contreras, <>ii tlie liUli of August. 1S47, 
 over the pcdegrai, confronting Valencia witii 
 his vastly preponderating numbers, under a 
 heavy artillery fire; at night on picket guard 
 in a cold rain of a temperature over 7,00(t feet 
 above the sea ; on the morning of the 20th, ere 
 dawn, in line, to the assault, thence in pursuit, 
 with but a few moment's rest at San Angelos, 
 haversacks emptied the day before, twelve 
 miles to the sanguinary field of Churubusco, 
 General Scott himself looking the very genius 
 of war, giving words of cheer as the exhausted 
 men filed rapidly by him at Coyoncan, whence 
 he directed the battle ; then to the attack 
 against five times their number well posted, 
 Company E, its captain wounded, its first-lieu- 
 tenant killed while encouraging the men, its 
 first sergeant mortally wounded, its color- 
 bearer shot dovyfn, one-half of its rank and file 
 disabled. Company A, the other Michigan 
 company, beaded by the gallant Beach, also 
 suffering sevei-e loss, devotedly maintained the 
 reputation of the State which it worthily repre- 
 sented. The loved Morgan, the generous and 
 intrepid colonel of the regiment, whose voice 
 was that of the hero Shields, was heard above 
 the roll of conflict, was struck down, and Mills, 
 of Iowa, the major, joining the dragoons in 
 pursuit, gave up his life at San Antonio's gate; 
 there, too, the adjutant, the chivalrous Broad- 
 head, killed at Chantilly in the war for the 
 Union, was conspicuous for cool courage. There, 
 the veteran Howard in command, the 15th was 
 ordered to keep watch and guard in rceogni- 
 tition of their gallant services and those of 
 that regiment. As well and as bravely Com- 
 pany G, the remaining one of the thi'ee from 
 Michigan, under Captain "Winans, of Monroe, 
 at Paso Ovegas, on the 10th of August, met and 
 repulsed a heavy guerrilla force, while on the 
 12th at the National Bi-idgo— famed for its mas- 
 sive architecture and its strength as well as 
 the commanding beauty of its surroundings — 
 its captain transferred to the command of the 
 
 left wing— it was led b3'the accomplished Wil- 
 kins, seconded b}' Doyle, and drove superior 
 foi'ces, protected as they were by bastion, 
 tower and wall; following the foe beyond the 
 fastnesses which crowned the scene of their ex- 
 ploits, and three days aftei'wards renewing 
 their brilliant successes on the hills beyond 
 which commanded the communications. 
 
 Isaac Kegal came to Monroe in 1834. His 
 grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary 
 War and his father a soldier in the War of 1812. 
 Isaac enlisted in the Toledo War in 183G; served 
 in the Mexican War. Enlisted April 4, 1847, 
 in the Fifteenth Regiment of the United States 
 Infiintry, and was in nearly all the hard-fought 
 battles of that war. At the battle before the 
 City of Mexico Isaac was one of only three sur- 
 vivoT's of his companj'. He enlisted with two of 
 his sons and fought through the War of the Re- 
 bellion to its close, and was honorably dis- 
 charged. He was rcgartled a brave and gal- 
 lant soldier, and is now spending his declining 
 years in the Soldiers' Home at Dayton, Ohio. 
 
 The treaty of peace was signed February 2, 
 1848, which gave to the United States Upper 
 California, New Mexico and adjacent territory, 
 and conceded Texas. An act of Congress was 
 passed providing that fifty regiments of volun- 
 teers should be raised in the United States for 
 this war. Under this act the Fifteenth Regi- 
 ment of United States Infantry voluntereed 
 from the State of Michigan. Company G, of 
 the Fifteenth Regiment of United States In- 
 fantry, was composed mainly of volunteers 
 from Moni'oc city and county, and riehl}- de- 
 serve honorable mention lor their gallant con- 
 duct, in August, 1847, at the battles at Paso del 
 Ovejas,at the National Bridge and Cerro Gordo, 
 in which Sergeants Ebenezer Legro, William 
 Inglis, Corporal H. I. Loranger, Privates J. 
 Perce, L. Knecht, G. P. Amidow, F. Jackson, 
 N. Kendall, H. Hatter, O. Stone and Joseph C. 
 Crider were wounded, and Privates A. N. 
 Crandle and A. Me} ron mortally wounded. 
 
 Captain Frazey M. Winans, of Monroe, com- 
 manded Company G, with Lieutenants William 
 D. Wilkins, of Detroit, and Michael P. Doyle 
 and Bachus T. Winchell, of Monroe. 
 
 The honor of our State of Michigan was 
 gloriously sustained at the assault at Pueblo, 
 Mexico, where Lieutenant Meycrfeld led the 
 forlorn hope, where Company A, commanded 
 by Samuel B. Beach, contended with the terri- 
 
THE MEXICAN WAR. 
 
 345 
 
 ble tire aiitl ovciwlioliiiinj; odds at t'liunibusct), 
 and where Conipauy E was coinmandod bj- Cap- 
 lain Isaac I). Toll (now residing at Petoskey). 
 Captain Beafdi, in a letter written utl'ontiae, in 
 June, 18S6, in referring to the battle of Churu- 
 busco, writes. '■ that Captain Toll, after he had 
 twice gone back amid the fire to get permis- 
 sion to charge, which was refused, ordered it 
 and re-formed tiio regiments, which then, at that 
 critical time, charged the masses of the eneni}- 
 successfully, and none too soon, for the New- 
 York and South Carolina volunteers on the 
 left had just 'gone in' in their part of the field. 
 The battle of Churubusco was the deciding 
 battle of the war with Mexico; the infantry did 
 the work tliere, while all had tiieir share, but 
 on this arinuW relied. Of the nearly two hun- 
 dred men of these companies which wo helped 
 to form but about twenty survived in 1886." 
 
 KOSTKR OF COMPANY C, I5T11 V. S. 1. 
 
 -Mexican War, taken from the muster-out roll 
 of the conipan}-, dated Covington, Kent u(k_\-. 
 August 4, 1848: 
 
 Krazey M. Winans, rapt., (lis. July 20, is-l.s. 
 
 Ilira <i. Ka.stiiian, 1st lient., res. May :'.!, I.S47. 
 
 Tliornton F. Biodhead. 1st lient., ])ro. capt. De- 
 cember 22, 1847. 
 
 Samuel K. Beach. 1st lient., m. o. witli company. 
 
 Wiliiani I). Wilkins, 2il lient., trans, to Co. F. 
 
 Michael I*. Doyle. 2<1 lieut.. died October 23. 1847. 
 
 (ieorge F. Hooper. 2(1 lieut., ni. o. with company. 
 
 Thomas S. Trask, 2d lieut., m. o. witli company. 
 
 Kbenezer Legro, 1st serg., trans, to Newport Bar- 
 racks July 2(i, 1848. 
 
 William Inglis, .serg.,dis. Xovember24, 1847, disah. 
 
 Augustus D. IJurdino, serg., dis. March 24, 184.S, 
 disability. 
 
 Julius Waltz, serg., trans, to Newport Barracks 
 July 26, 1848. 
 
 Alexander Porter, serg., trans, to Newport Barracks 
 July 2G, 1848. 
 
 Bachus T. Winchell, serg., m. o. with company. 
 
 liush Winchell, corp., died September 2!t, 1847. 
 
 John Graham, corp., left sick in Mexico February 
 1, 1.848. 
 
 Ale.vander Lawrence, corp., ni. o. with company. 
 
 Ephraim Marble, corp., ui. o. with company. 
 
 Cyrus Teal, jr., corp., m. o. with com|)any. 
 
 ' i' urge Hewitt, musician, m. o. willi company. 
 
 \S illiam H. Teal, musician, m. o. with company. 
 
 I.pliraim .Vllen, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 ' (lorge P. AmiJon, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 ^uiiuel .\nderson, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 i -.pli .Vdams, private, died September 2, 1847. 
 
 .I'lhn W. Allen, private, deserted April 30, 1847. 
 
 IVter Boland. private, left sick at New Orleans 
 July 12, 1848. 
 
 .lonatliau W. Bardwell, private, in.o. with company. 
 
 Hiram W. Bartholemew, private, m. o. with Co. 
 
 Alexander Bissinett, private, died July 20, 1848. 
 
 Frederick Baum, private, m. o. .vith conijiany. 
 
 Richard Bray, private, left sick at New Orleans 
 July 12, 1.848. 
 
 John Belford, private, left sick in Mexico February 
 .'), 1.84,S. 
 
 William Bailey, private, left at Vera Cruz (on extra 
 duty since July (>, 1847). 
 
 Artiuius D. Baird, private, died January Hi, 1848. 
 
 Harvey Bastard, private, died March 12, 1848. 
 
 Baltraw Bi.ssinett, private, died July 2, 1848. 
 
 Franklin Brainard, private, died July 8. 1848. 
 
 Jason Bennett, private, deserted July l.'i, 1847. 
 
 Harmon Cone, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Alexander B. Coleman, private, m. o. with Co. 
 
 William Cruni, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Alanson Crandall, private, died August 25, 1.S47. 
 
 Charles Cabicha, private, dis. April 20, 1848, disah. 
 
 Thomas ConiflTe, private, dis. July 24, 1847, expira- 
 tion of enlistment. 
 
 William C. Deming, private, left sick at I'erote 
 October U, 1847. 
 
 Felix DingMian, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 James M. Darling, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Israel Drew, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Clark Dickinson, private, died August 27, 1847. 
 
 Thomas Dailey, private, dis. August 22, 1.847, expi- 
 ration of enlistment. 
 
 Peter iMiglehardt, jirivatc, \n. o. with comi)any. 
 
 John Filler, private, trans, to Newi)ort Barracks 
 July 2(). 1848. 
 
 John Ford, private, left sick in Mexico February 
 I, l.sis. 
 
 James Fitch, jirivate, ni. o. with company. 
 
 John F. Foster, private, left sick at Perote October 
 (;, 1847. 
 
 Charles K. Fullerton, private, dis.July li, I.848,disai>. 
 
 Simon (iimple. private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Joseph Olevanz, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Daniel Grant, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Jacob Gilbert, private, died July 14, 1.S48. 
 
 Elijah M. (iales, private, died September 4, 1847. 
 
 Henry S. Hath, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Jonathan C. W. Holliday, private, m.o. with Co. 
 
 Edward Hunt, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John W. Eluglies, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John Hubbin, private, died May 3, 1848. 
 
 .lacob Hemstret. private, died August 28, 1847. 
 
 John Houvcrt, private, trans, to Newport Barracks 
 July 21), 1S48. 
 
 Francis Jackson, private, ni. o. with company. 
 
 Otis Johnson, private, m. o. with com|)any. 
 
 Robert Johnson, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Lafayette Ingersoll, private, deserted June 3, 1.848. 
 
 Nelson Kendall, private, m, o. with company. 
 
 Ignatius Klevantz, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Bartel Klotz, private, m.o. with company. 
 
 Jolin Kick, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 (ieorge Kneclit. jirivate, m. o. with company. 
 
 Samuel Klingman, private, died March U), 1848. 
 
346 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Joshua Kline, privatu, died September 27. 1847. 
 
 Frederick Kirchner, private, died Augu.st26, 1.H47. 
 
 Casper Knecht, private, died June 20, 1847. 
 
 Lewis Knecht, private, di.s. November 25, 1S47, 
 disabihty. 
 
 John knill, private, died July 12, 1848. 
 
 Henry J. Lorenz, private, ni. o. with company. 
 
 John F. Lusk, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 George Lanman, private, trans, to Newport Bar- 
 racks July 2(), 1848. 
 - Abel Milligan, private, m. 6. with company. 
 
 Moses Milligan, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John Manhardt, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Benjamin Meigs, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Robert J. Moody, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 James Murphy, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John Meyers, private.left sick atPerote July 1, 1.S47. 
 
 Patrick Murray, private, left sick at Mexico Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1848. 
 
 Antoine Miron, private, died August 27, 1847. 
 
 John Morris, private, died July 15, 1848. 
 
 Johannes Marschal, private, dis. April ."0, 1848, 
 disability. 
 
 William McLaughlin, private, ra. o. with company. 
 
 Eaton McNair, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Thomas McManus, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Virgil McCormick, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 William McDonald, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John McDonald, private, died November 3, 1847. 
 
 Earnhardt Obala, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 James O'Brien, private, died September 30, 1847. 
 
 William M. Csbome, private, died March 15, 1.S48. 
 
 Dennis O'Sullivan, private, deserted June 2fi, 1847. 
 
 Charles A. Opperman, private, trans, to Newi)ort 
 Barracks July 2(1, 1848. 
 
 Ma.scena W. Powers, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Henry Peltier, private, died September 22, 1847. 
 
 Isaac Ragle, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Jonathan Rice, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Timothy Rodd, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Daniel M. Ross, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John Robinson, private, m. o. with company^ 
 
 William Richardson, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 John Renz, private, died January 21, 1848. 
 
 William M. C. Seeley, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Aaron Sliew, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Samuel Shepard, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Oliver Stone, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Harvey Smith, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 William Sumner, private, m.o. with company. 
 
 James W. Stout, jr., private,died December 20, 1847. 
 
 Lafayette Segar, private, died July 2:!, 1818. 
 
 Joseph Stewart, private, dis. July 2r>, 1847, writ 
 habeas corpus. 
 
 William Warner, private, m. o. with company, died 
 August 4, 1848, after muster-out. 
 
 Joseph Walbert, private, m. o. with company. 
 
 Samuel Wooden, private, died June 8, 1848. 
 
 Edward Waddle, private, deserted Juiy 15, 1847. 
 
 Martin Wiiite, private, deserted April 30, 1847. 
 
 Michael Yinger, private, left sick at New Orleans 
 July 12, 1.848. 
 
 IIICCM'ITUI.ATION. 
 
 Mu.stci'cd out with coinpan}-: One first 
 lieutenant, 2 second lieutenants, 1 sergeant, .'5 
 corporals, 2 musician.s, 58 privates; total, 67. 
 
 Left behind, sick, etc.: One eoi'poral, 10 
 privates ; total, IL 
 
 Promoted and tran.sf'orrod ; One first lieuten- 
 ant 1 second lieutenant, 1 first sergeant, 2 
 sergeants, 4 privates; total, 9. 
 
 Resigned and discharged : One captain, 1 
 first lieutenant, 2 sergeants, 7 privates; total, 11. 
 
 Died: One second lieutenant, 1 corporal, 2(j 
 privates; total, 28. 
 
 Discharged: Seven pi'ivatcs. 
 
CHAPTER XXVTT. 
 
 SKKTC'HKS OF 
 
 rHE I,ATi:i4 UESIDKNTS OF MONKOK COUNTY. 
 
 IIAKKY A KM IT AG 1-: CoNANT. 
 
 SON ol' Harry and Maria Conaiit, was born 
 al Monroe, Micliij^an, May 5, 1844. He 
 prepared forcolleiic at Monroe and entered the 
 Michigan T'nii'er.sity, clas.s of 18t)5. Mr. Conant 
 was admitted to tlio bar in February, 1878. 
 After leaving college ho engaged in mercantile 
 and manuractiiring pursuits for some years. 
 He has always been a stalwart Republican, and 
 possesses the confidence of his ]>art3- to that 
 degree that they have at different times given 
 him, without solicitation on his part, the nomi- 
 nations for mayor, alderman, supervisor, and 
 State Senator, he being elected to the three 
 latter oftices in a strong Democratic section. 
 In 1880 he received the appointment of consul 
 at Naples, which he resigned after a residence 
 abro.id of seven months. Mr. Conant was 
 elected Secretary of State in 1882, over William 
 Shakespeare, Fusionist, and Martin V. Kork, 
 Prohibitionist, and in 1884 was again elected 
 to the same office by a vote of 192,929 to 188,- 
 546 for Shakespeare, Fusionist, and 10,107 for 
 Zaccheus Cha.se, Prohibitionist. He is identified 
 in most of the affairs of a public nature in his 
 section. A man of strict integrity-, liiglily 
 esteemed as a citizen and popular throughout 
 the State; a man of wealth and knows how to 
 enjo^'it. He married Mary Thurber. daughter 
 of Horace Thurber, of Pontiac, Michigan. Has 
 one son, Horace, who entered Princeton Colleije 
 fall of 188'.), and one daughter. Margai-et, who is 
 attemling the Young Ladies' Seminar}- in 
 Detroit. 
 
 .JAMES ARMITAGK. 
 
 Mr. and i[rs. John Armitage, the ]>arents of 
 the subject of this sketch, lived upon a farm 
 in Cambridge, Washington county, in the 
 State of New York, where Mr. James Armit- 
 age, on the 12th day of December, A. D. 1812. 
 first made his appearance. They had a large 
 
 t'aniily of children, but two of whom now sur- 
 vive — James and one younger bi-othor, George 
 W. Armitage, who ha.s for many ^'oars resided 
 in Monroe. 
 
 Mr. James Armitage, during his j'outhful 
 days, had th-j advantages of a common school 
 education, and subsequentlj^ attended the then 
 celebrated acadenij- of Hoswell Brooks. He 
 then taught school for three years, and having 
 attained his manhood, w-as one<lay accosted by 
 their old family physician, who alter the usu;il 
 salutations of the morning, said with emphasis: 
 " My J'oung friend, you must leave this climate, 
 there is no hope for 3-ou in it.'' He knew that 
 consumption was liereditary in the family, and 
 advised him to "go west" Influenced and 
 governed by his counsel Mr. Armitage de- 
 termined to follow it, and decided upon seek- 
 ing Michigan Territory. In crossing I^ake 
 Erie was accosted one day liy Mr. William 
 White, a merchant of Monroe, who was re- 
 turning from New York, and who noticed his 
 woe-bcgone looks, was attracted to him and 
 said: •' Hollo! What makes you look so 
 blue'? Guess you have just left your mammy. 
 Cheer up, my young man. Where are you 
 going'.''' Before the trip was ended .Mr. White, 
 who was an eccentric man, and known here 
 as Variety White, the red-coat man, offered him 
 a clerkship in his store, which was readily ac- 
 cepted. They arrived in Monroe October 29, 
 1833. Mr. Armitage remained in his employ 
 until 1834, when he entered into copartnership 
 with Doctor Ingham S. Roberts, wlio was 
 dealing in drugs and medicines under the name 
 of I. S. Roberts & Co.; soon after firm name 
 was changed to that of Roberts & Armitage. 
 
 During the j'car 1834 the cholera prevailed 
 to an alarming extent, taking off si.\t3--four of 
 our citizens, among the number Doctor C'olton, 
 Burt Stuart and Mr. T. K. Gidlcy, copartner of 
 Harrj- V. Man in dry gOf>ds, well remembered 
 b}- many of our older citizens. 
 
 [347] 
 
348 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 During the follovviiiiiyear llu- tirni ot'Koborls 
 & Armitage purchased of the United States Gov- 
 ernment cue thousand acres of land, located in 
 Lenawee and Williams counties, and at the 
 same time purchased one hundred and thirty 
 acres of Benjamin Ilornbeck, the premises on 
 which the town of Morenci is situated, and took 
 
 in as copartners in the purchase Williams 
 
 and Alpheus Felch. 
 
 For the improvement of his health Mr. 
 Armitage determined to avoid confinement and 
 " rough it." He devoted much of his time to 
 the improvement of their purchase, and huill 
 on Bean Greek a saw mill and coffer dam, now 
 known as Beaver Dam, greatly improving his 
 health thereby. 
 
 Roberts & Armitage sold out to Mr. IIa\\ ks, 
 of Rochester, New York, and soon after Mr. 
 Armitage entered into copartnership with Dr. 
 Harry Conant in drugs and medicines, in whicii 
 firm he continued until 1842, when he pur- 
 chased the stock of Merrill & "Whittier, dry goods 
 merchants, in which business ho is at present 
 engaged. Mr. Armitage and Mr. William H. 
 Boyd are the only surviving merchants that 
 were engaged in business in Monroe in 1836. 
 
 Mr. Armitage was ever averse to accepting 
 any public office, and in but one instance has 
 he varied from the rule, when he became a 
 candidate for mayor of the city, to which ho 
 was elected in the spring of 1849. 
 
 Mr. Armitage's business with farmei-s in tlu- 
 county has been very extensive, and one inci- 
 dent in my own experience serves as an illus- 
 tion of their estimate. While one of the firm of 
 Wing & Johnson, in banking, applications were 
 fre(iuently made for loans and discounts by- 
 farmers, and when questioned who they would 
 give for endorser, they almost uniformly re- 
 plied, " James Armitage." But upon applica- 
 tion Mr. Armitage would uniformly reply: 
 " Your credit is good for anything in my estab- 
 lishment, but mj' rule is never to endorse." He 
 was annoyed to such an extent that upon his 
 re((ucst wo were requested, when applications 
 were made in future, to sa)- that "your credit 
 is good for anything in his line, but he will not 
 endorse." 
 
 Ho has lived in our midst as a business man 
 for over a half century, and enjoyed an un- 
 blemished reputation for fair dealing, has been 
 prosperous, always in good creilit, highly es- 
 teemed l)y our citizens. 
 
 He was in 18ti8 oi'dained a ruling elder in 
 the First Presbyterian church ; has been a 
 very liberal contributor thereto, as well as to 
 many religious and charitable objects in the 
 county. 
 
 Mr. Armitage was married Auiiust 15, 1842, 
 to Miss Harriet Gonanl, the eldest daughter of 
 Doctor Harry and Maria Conant, who died 
 in 18 — , and married for his second wife Miss 
 Helen Conant, the sister of his former wife. 
 They are now living in our midst in their hos- 
 pitable and delightful home, on the corner of 
 First and Macoml) streets, highly esteemed in 
 our communitj'. 
 
 ALFRED ISAAC SAWYKR, M. I)., 
 
 Was born in Lyme township, Huron count3^, 
 Ohio, October 31, 1828, His parents, Stephen 
 and Dorothy Sawyer, came to this country from 
 Lngland in 1819, settling first in New Haven, 
 Connecticut, then at North Bend, on the Ohio 
 River. 
 
 There Stephen Sawjer took charge of a farm 
 for General William H. Harrison, afterwai-ds 
 president of the Ihiited States, between whom 
 and himsell'a strong friendshiji evoi- afterward 
 existed. 
 
 The countr}- was then new. and being illy 
 prepared by habits and education for pioneer 
 .life, he became wearied with its hardships and 
 set out to return to the mother counti-y. 
 
 When he reached New York City, he met 
 friends from P]nghind who persuaded him to 
 go back to Connecticut. Among the party was 
 Captain Henry Griswold,a son of the governor 
 of the State, with his bride, formerly Miss 
 Betsy Lansdale, a sister of Mrs. Stephen 
 Sawyer. 
 
 In 1827 the family again turned their faces 
 westward, and with many other Connecticut 
 people settled on what was then called the 
 " Connecticut fire land," more familiarly known 
 since as the Western Reserve. In the autumn 
 of 1828 the subject of this sketch was born, as 
 already stated. About this time Mr. Sawyer 
 purchased a large tract of wild land, put uji a 
 log house and moved into it, his son Alfred 
 being just one mouth old. Although a more 
 modern and commodious dwelling was subse- 
 c|uently erected, the old log house is still stand- 
 ing. Here the jiarents lived, prospered and 
 
-/ /^,^. 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 rA\) 
 
 ilioil. Of lliuir chililroTi, iiiiio sons ami luiir 
 iluiii^litcrs, six were born in lOiiglaiiil, one al 
 North Bend, Oliio, three in Conneelicut. ami 
 three at Lyme, Ohio. Alfred Isaac .Sawyer i.s 
 the eleventh child and eiirhth son. AVith the 
 exception of Alfred the children followed the 
 cNaniple of their parents, and led a prosperous 
 a<;ricultural life. 
 
 At the atje of seventeen Alfred Sawyer 
 dreamed of other enterprises and souj^ht to pre- 
 pare himself for other lield.s of labor. This was 
 sti'enuonsly o]iposcd by his father, who ari^ueil 
 that his education was "good enouich (or a 
 fai-mer, which was what he desired him to be, 
 and what he should be.' Up to this time the 
 boy had enjoj-ed no opportunity for schooling 
 hut such as was afforded by the country schools 
 of that day, which continued but three months 
 niit of twelve, and were very inefficient at that. 
 -VUhough the father was one of the strictest of 
 (dd English dis(i|)linarians, the ambitions boy 
 would not be restrained oi- deterred from his 
 purpose. 
 
 During the next tlirce j^ears Alfred Sawyer 
 improved every opportunity to acquire an ed- 
 ucation that would til him for some other call- 
 ing than that to which he had thus far been 
 reared. Kvcry obstacle was thrown in his way; 
 still l)y hard work, teaching school in winter, 
 and attending the Norwalk Academy in the 
 spring and fall, and bj' studying while others 
 slept, ho succeeded in acquiring an average 
 academical education and had made arrange- 
 ments with one of his brothers to take a clas- 
 sical course. 
 
 During the cholera eiddemic of 1S40, how- 
 ever, his brother (ell a victim to the fearhil 
 scourge. For four years he worked hi.s brother's 
 farm and tliereby accumulated sufficient means 
 to enable him to pursue his studies for a time. 
 I'lut instead of completing his classical course 
 he entered the office of Drs. John Tift and 
 I'.eckwiih, Norvvalk. Ohio. This was in the 
 autumn of 1.S52. 
 
 When the lectures commenced in the West- 
 irn College of Homa'0|)athy at Cleveland, Ohio, 
 in November of that 3-ear he matriculated and 
 after the close of the coui'sc followed Dr. D. II. 
 Heckwith to Marietta, Ohio. In August, 1853, 
 he was attacked by that frightful di.sease, 
 liloody Hux. which was al that time i>revailiiig 
 to an alarming extent in that region, and was 
 confined to his bed several weeks, with life 
 
 tnrnliling in the balance. However, when 
 lectures began again in Cleveland in N(jveml)cr 
 he attended them, and in the spring of 1854 re- 
 ceived the degree of doctor of medicine. 
 
 In May of that j'ear he again returneil to 
 Marietta and entered into copartnership with 
 his former i)reccptor, Di\ D. II. Beckwith. who 
 shortly- gave place to his brother, Dr. H. C. 
 1)C( kwith, and settled at Zanesvillc, Ohio. 
 
 In 1855 Dr. Sawyer left Marietta and again 
 formed a partnership with I). H. Beckwith at 
 Zanesvillc, where he remained until the fall 
 of 1H5<!. He then went to New York City' and 
 attended the medical department of New York 
 University, remaining until the 1st of March, 
 1S57. 
 
 Having become somewhat di.sgusted with 
 general practice he proposed to pursue some 
 specialty. Accordingly he engaged rooms in 
 Bleeker street, New York, where he intended 
 to follow ophthalmic surgery. To this end he 
 earnestly', persistently and successfully pur- 
 sued a special course of study under Drs. Val- 
 entine, Molt, Mark, Stephenson, Rogers and 
 (jerisli, and from them received a diploma 
 declaring his fitness to enter upon that special 
 field of the profession. But his sources of 
 revenue again unexpectedly failed him, oblig- 
 ing him to leave New York and seek an 
 opening that j)romised more readyand certain 
 returns. 
 
 After visiting various places between New 
 York City and Monroe, Michigan, ho finally 
 settled, May 12, 1857, in the latter place, where 
 he still resides. 
 
 He was made a Mason in February, 185S, a 
 Iloyal Arch Mason in 18511, a lioyal and Select 
 Mason in 18C3at Monroe, and a Knight Tem- 
 ])lar at Adrian in 1868. He was elected Senior 
 Warden of Monroe Lodge, No. 27, in 18(!3, and 
 Worshipful .Master in 18(J4-65-t)6-67-08.G9 and 
 187079-8(1-81 and 1887. 
 
 During this time he was presented by the 
 lodge with a beautiful Fast Master's Jewel. 
 He was High Friest of Fiver Raisin Chapter, 
 Royal Arch Ma.sons, from 18(57 to 1871 inclu- 
 sive. 
 
 Was elected Grand Frincipal Sojourner of 
 the (J rand Chajitcr of Royal Arch Masons of 
 the State of Michigan in 18()9, (Jrand Captain 
 of the Host in 1870, (irand Scribe in 1871, 
 (iraiid King in 1S72, Deputy (4rand High l'i-icsl 
 in 1873, and Grand High Priest in 1874. 
 
350 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Was made chairman of a committee to re- 
 vise tiie Grand constitution of tiie Grand Chap- 
 ter oflioyal Arch Masons of Michigan in 1875, 
 which required four years for completion, and 
 is to-day tiie fundamental law of the Order in 
 Michigan. 
 
 Kcpresented the Grand Chapter of Eoyal 
 Arch Masons of Michigan in the General Grand 
 Cha])tor of the United States at Denver, Colo- 
 rado, in 1883. 
 
 Was elected Grand President of the Grand 
 Council of High Priesthood in 1872, immedi- 
 ately after submitting a masterlj' report of the 
 history and chronology of the Order. This office 
 he held for several years. 
 
 Was elected Grand Principal Conductor of 
 the work in the Grand Council of Rojal and 
 Select Masons of Michigan in 1873. 
 
 Was first Eminent Commander of River 
 Raisin Commandery, No. 19, K. T., in 1S(3.S, and 
 again in 1886. 
 
 Was elected mayor of the city of Monroe in 
 18G9-70 and 1878, and was a member of its 
 school boai-d for nine years. 
 
 But as his untiring zeal and faithful devo- 
 tion has made him a leader in political, educa- 
 tional. Masonic and social circles, even so he 
 has shone if anything with far more brilliancy 
 in his chosen profession, and among his learned 
 colleagues. There is no man in this country 
 who has done more for the advancement of 
 medical science than has Dr. A. I. Sawyer, of 
 Monroe. 
 
 The homceopathie department of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan owes its life and susten- 
 ance to him. In 1847 a bill making it a State 
 prison offense to ))ractice medicine according 
 to the homfeopatliic law was introduced in the 
 legislature of Michigan. It passed one of the 
 houses before it was discovered by the friends 
 of honidiopathy. It was defeated in the other 
 house by the judicious efforts of the friends of 
 that system of medicine. The first efforts to 
 secure I'ecognition of homoeopathy in the uni- 
 versit}' were begun in 1853, but without suc- 
 cess. In 1855 there was enacted a la\v requir- 
 ing the board of regents to "always maintain 
 at least one chair of homeopathy in the medi- 
 cal departmentof the Universitj' of Michigan.'' 
 The regents failed to comply with the require- 
 ments of this law. The question was then 
 taken " by mandamus " to the Supreme Court 
 of the State, requiring the board of regents to 
 
 show cause why thej^ did not comply' with the 
 law. Here the friends of homreopathy were 
 defeated by simply non-action on the part of 
 the Supreme Court, two of its members being 
 members of the law faculty in the university, 
 and hence instruments of the board of regents. 
 
 This farce cost Sawyer $155 for attorney foes 
 alone, not to mention what he paid for a per- 
 son to remain in Lansing and lobby for the 
 passage of a bill during nearly the entire ses- 
 sion, or his own personal expenses there and 
 elsewhere in the interest of the cause. 
 
 After this defeat the friends of honneopathy 
 again went before the legislature in 1807, and 
 attacked the very fountain head of the univer- 
 sity by amending the law which gives to it one- 
 twentieth of a mill on the dollar of all taxable 
 pi-operty of the State, so that it read: " Pro 
 vided the board of regents would comply with 
 the law of 1855, and appoint at least one pro- 
 fessor in the medical department of the uni- 
 versity," thus locking up a goodly portion of 
 the income of the university. In 1809 the re- 
 gents agreed to comply with the law of 1855, 
 providing the friends of homreopathy would 
 secure a repeal of the obnoxious law of 1807. 
 Although this was done, the regents acted in bad 
 faith, and undertook to both comply with and 
 evade the law bj- appointing Dr. Chas. Hempel 
 ])rofessor of theory and practice of medicine, 
 and proposed to locate him in Detroit instead 
 of Ann Arbor. The duplicity of the board was 
 rewarded bj' the auditor general of the State 
 refusing to honor the warrants of the univer- 
 sity, because the law of 1855 had not been eom- 
 jilied with, the Supreme Court declining to take 
 action in the matter. The university was there- 
 fore dcjjrived of this source of revenue. 
 
 The regents finally offered to compromise on 
 the basis of creating a branch school outside of 
 Ann Arbor, .-ind through certain homoeopathic 
 physicians " who had become discouraged 
 through the unsuccessful attempts to establish 
 a homceopathie school on the campus of the 
 University of Michigan,' conveyed to the 
 HonKcopathic Society their proposition of rec- 
 onciliation. This question was finally referred 
 to a committee of the State Medical Society 
 early in the seventies. Dr. Sawyer was chair- 
 man and submitted the following re])ort, viz.: 
 
 "Resolved, That when the same rights, bene- 
 fits and privileges that are now enjoyed by the 
 old school doctors shall have been accorded to 
 
SKETCIIKS OF SOMK OK THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 :351 
 
 lioiiKvopaths on the university c.impiis, we will 
 1)0 satisfied, and not before." 
 
 Immediate!}- following this report the Dr. 
 introduced another bill to the legislature, with 
 a long and forcible remonstrance against fur- 
 ther delay in granting them their rights, signed 
 by himself and two others (Dr. I. N. Jildridge, 
 of Flint, and I'obert King, of Kalamazoo), had 
 it introduced and forced to a successful issue, 
 ill spite of the enemies witiiin and foes without. 
 Investigation showed the legislature's failure 
 lo make provision for sn])porting this new de- 
 partment, and the bill was a dead letter. In 
 1875 a bill was introduced by parties working 
 in the confi<lencc, if not in the interest of the 
 old school professors and phj-sieians, and ask- 
 ing (or a homa'Opathic college to be located at 
 such place as would furnish the greatest induce- 
 ments bj' way of funds, grounds, buildings, 
 and the like, to be under the supervision of the 
 board of regents. 
 
 After the bill had very i|uictl_v passed the 
 Senate with only four dissenti!ig votes Dr. 
 Sawyer discovered the real purpose of the bill, 
 and when it came up for action in the House 
 had an amendment introduced virtually cut- 
 ting off all alter the enacting clause, and sub- 
 stituting the bill which passed the legislature 
 the session previous, simply adding .S(>,i>l'0 for 
 e.\]>enses. 
 
 The House failing to pass ihe amendment, 
 the whole matter was laid upon the table until 
 five o'clock the next day. The authors of the 
 bill tlien fell in with the doctor for the pro|)osed 
 substitute, and it passed the House. 
 
 \l the next meeting of the regents (June, 
 1^75) they complied with the law and organ- 
 ized a homreopathic department in the univer- 
 sity. A hospital, too, has been added to the 
 original plant. 
 
 Doctor Sawj'er has been in attendance more 
 or less during every session of the legislature 
 since 1867, and for ten years nearlj' ever}' ses. 
 sion of the board of regents, in the interest of 
 horad'opathy. He has refused at various times 
 to consider proposed appointments to profes- 
 sorships, that nothing might enib;irrass his 
 efforts to secure an acceptable school in t!ie 
 University- of Michigan. 
 
 At the comraencement exerci.ses of the uni- 
 versity in June, 1877, he had the proud satis- 
 faction of occupying the .same platform with 
 the old school faculty, with the president of the 
 
 I'nivci-sity of Michigan, and witnessing the 
 gra<l nation of the first class from the homcco- 
 pathic department. The nucleus of the college 
 which lie was so instrumental in founding has 
 already .secured an everlasting foothold, and 
 will ever live as a monument to him and to 
 those who so gailanllj' stood by his side. The 
 alumni of the college thus brought forth undei- 
 so many difficulties are known far and wide, 
 and wherever known respected, an honor to 
 their Alma Mater, an honor to the State of 
 Michigan, an honor to the promoters of the col- 
 lege, and a blessing to mankind. 
 
 In the early history of this college, before 
 professors wore appointed to the chairs of ob- 
 stetrics and surgery. Dr. A. I. Sawyer was ap- 
 pointed as examiner or censor for that depart- 
 ment. He was a delegate to represent the 
 .\inerican Institute of Homoeopathy, also Ho- 
 nici'o])athic State Medical Society of Michigan, 
 at the International Homeopathic Congress, 
 which met in London, England, in Jul}', 1.S81, 
 and while in Europe at that time visited Ire- 
 land, AVales, Scotland, England, Holland, 
 Prussia, Switzerland and France. In 1885 he 
 was elected vice-president of the American 
 Institute of Honifcopathy at St. Louis, Missouri, 
 and at the same session was made chairman of 
 the committee on medical legislation of that 
 bod}-, which position he hehl till 1889. 
 
 In 1889, at Minnetonka Beach, Minnesota, 
 the members of the National Institute of 
 Homceopathy recognized the faithful labors of 
 this untiring physician, and unanimously 
 elected him to the presidency of the oldest med- 
 ical institution in America. 
 
 In presenting his name for the honored posi- 
 tion it was declared that to him were they in- 
 debted for the State recognition of homfeopathy; 
 that he had fought and he had conquered; 
 that the outcome of that war was the estab- 
 lishing by him of an institution that would for 
 ever stand. 
 
 Dr. Stiwyer is one of the most eminent 
 physicians and surgeons in Southern Michigan, 
 and has an extensive and lucrative practice. 
 He married the daugliter of Phillip E. and 
 Nancy D. Toll, of Monroe, Michigan, and re- 
 sides with his family, consisting of one son 
 and one daughter, in his beautiful residence 
 on Front street, the site of the liead(|uarters 
 of General Winchester during the War of 
 1812-13. 
 
352 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 JACOB LYMAN (iREKNE. 
 
 Colonel Jacob L. Greene, president of the 
 Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, 
 is a native of Maine, was educated at the Mich- 
 igan State Universitj-, practiced law in the 
 latter State until the outbreak of the war, en- 
 listed in the army as a private, rapidly at- 
 tained promotion and reputation for gallantry 
 and strategic skill, endured much more than 
 the average soldier's share of the hardships of 
 warfare, was one of the last men to be mus- 
 tered out of the service, a brevet lieutenant- 
 colonel at twenty-eight, returned to New Eng- 
 land and five ^cars after was made assistant 
 secretary of the great company of which he is 
 now chief executive. At the dedication of the 
 Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Arch which 
 now stands in the Capitol Park at Hartford, 
 Colonel Greene was chief marshal of the pro- 
 cession, and the following points concerning his 
 militar3' career were then ])ublishcd l)y the 
 local press : 
 
 " Colonel Jacob L. Greene, the chief marshal, 
 served with honor and distinction in the field, 
 and was brevetted for ' distinguished gal- 
 lantry at the battle of Trevellyan Station, and 
 for meritorious and faithful services during the 
 war." He was born at Waterford, Maine, 
 August i), 1837. The races in both lines of 
 descent represented in him have been distin- 
 guished through many generations for enter- 
 prise and courage, for physical vigor, for intel- 
 lectual force and for positive conviction and 
 strong )-eligious views. 
 
 "On the paternal side, bis great-grandfather, 
 Lieutenant Thomas Greene, was a pioneer set- 
 tler of thetown of Waterford, movingfrom Row- 
 ley in Massachusetts with his whole family of 
 eight children at a time when the region was 
 a wilderness, with no opening or i-oads, and 
 no paths to guide the traveler but the Indian 
 trail. 
 
 " He had been an officer in the French and 
 Indian war of 1755, and in the army of the 
 Revolution. History relates of him that he 
 was famous for his courage and enthusiasm in 
 battle; and tradition has it that he once led his 
 regiment to victory after its commander had 
 fled. Colonel Greene's father, Captain Jacob 
 H.Greene, was a man of staunch character, and 
 maintained a decidedly and constantly relig- 
 ious life, punctiliously attending public worship 
 
 on the Sabbath, with his whole farnilj', unde 
 tei-red and undaunted by the heat of summer or 
 the cold of winter, and unprevented by the dis- 
 tance to be traveled, or the badness of the roads. 
 On the maternal side Colonel Greene's great- 
 grandfather was General Joseph Frye, who was 
 the original grantee and the pioneer settler of the 
 beautiful town of Fi-^'eburg, on the Saco River. 
 It was from him that the town received its 
 name. General Frye belonged to a family 
 many of whom were distinguished. He was 
 born in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1711, was 
 justice of the peace, representative in the gen- 
 eral court, and otherwise useful in the affairs 
 of his native town. He served in the French 
 and Indian war, and was at the siege of Louis- 
 burgh. He was colonel of a Massachusetts 
 regiment at the unfortunate cai:)ture of Fort 
 William Henry, on Luke George, by Montcalm, 
 in 1757. He was a major-general in the Revo- 
 lutionary War, and served for a time with the 
 troops at Cambridge, under General Wash- 
 ington. He died at Fryeburg at an advanced 
 age. 
 
 "Colonel Greene's mother was born in Frye- 
 burg in the house built built by her great 
 ancestor. She was a lady of mostaflfablo char- 
 acter, winning and graceful in manner, and 
 thoroughly intelligent, loving children and 
 loved by them, and particularly devoted to the 
 welfare and advancement of hei- o^vn. The 
 place of Colonel Greene's birth must have been 
 distant at least five miles from any village or 
 church, and hardly less than a mile from the 
 nearest district school house. But it was in the 
 midst of natural scenery as grand and as in- 
 spiring as any that New England can boast, 
 even in her most favored localities. At an 
 early age he showed a strong disposition for 
 study, and sought every opportunity within 
 his reach for intellectual attainment. The 
 Michigan University at that time opened its 
 doors without cost, so far as tuition was con- 
 cerned, and the young student turned his steps 
 thitherward. There he completed his course of 
 studies, and engaged in the practice of law at 
 Monroe, Michigan, where he married Miss 
 Nettie Humphrey, the daughter of General 
 Jjevi S. Humphrey. Hardly had he begun his 
 pi'ofession when the war broke out. The l)lood 
 of a noble ancestry burned within him, impell- 
 ing the consecration of himself to the Lhiion 
 cause. He enlisted as a private in the Seventh 
 
SKETCHES OK SOME OV THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 .Mi(liii;:ui Infantry in June, 1S(;1. and was soon 
 aiU-rwai'd niailu a eoninussioncil otliccr. His 
 reginu-nt was ordered to the Scliool of Instruc- 
 tion al Fort Wayne, where it was filled up, and 
 in August was sent to the front. Colonel 
 (ireene served until the springof 1862, advanc- 
 ing to the first lieutenancy of his coniininy. 
 In 1862 he suflfered a long and exhau.stive ill- 
 ness, prostrating him for an entire year. lie 
 recovered, however, fhiring the summer of 
 186:^, and returned to the field, serving for two 
 months as a volunteer aid on General Custer's 
 .start'. Meanwhile he was appointed a captain 
 in the Sixth Michigan Cavalry, but did not 
 join the command. He accepted an appoint 
 nieiil as assistant adjutant-general on Custer's 
 staff, and served with him until tlieliattle of 
 Trevellj'an Station, where he was eaptureil, 
 June 11, 1864. He was in Libby, .Macon and 
 Charleston prisons. While at Cliarleston he 
 was one of the Union officers placed under the 
 Union fire by the rebel authoi-ities. He was 
 afterward removed to Columbia, where he was 
 paroled and transferred to the Union lines. 
 He was not able, however, to secure an ex- 
 change until April 8. 1865. In the meantime 
 he was at Annapolis, Maryland, mustering 
 paroled prisoners. Immediately aflcr his ex- 
 change, he returned to the front, joining Gen- 
 eral Custer at Burksville Junction, April 10. 
 After the grand review of the Armj- of the 
 I'otomac at Washington, General Custer was 
 ordered to New Orleans. Colonel Greene ac- 
 companied him, and went with him iiptheRcd 
 River to Alexandria, where a division of cav- 
 alr)- was organized. Thence Custer advanced 
 into Texas, having been made commander of 
 the Central Division of Texas, and of the eav- 
 alrj- in the department, with headijuarters at 
 Austin. Colonel Greene was made chief of 
 staff in both commands ; meanwhile he had 
 been promoted to the full rank of major, and 
 was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for distin- 
 uished gallantry. When Custer was mustered 
 ■ lit as a rnajor-general of volunteers. Colonel 
 tirecne applied for his muster-out, and finally 
 received it in April, 1866, one year after the 
 close of the war. He spent the next fourj'ears 
 at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, where his brother. 
 l>r. William Warren Greene, resideil. At Pitts- 
 field Colonel (ireene became assistant secrelaiy 
 of the Berkshire Life Insurance Company-. He 
 began his insurance career as an agent of the 
 
 company named, but his executive abililj- soon 
 manifesting it.self he was asked to take a posi- 
 tion on the office start'. That he was born to 
 be a leader in life insurance, as well as in the 
 army, sub.sequent events show. He visited 
 England and studied its history and progress 
 that he might know what to cojjy and what to 
 avoid. He was called to Hartford June 1, 1870, 
 as a.ssistant secretary of the Connecticut Mutual 
 Life Insurance Company. He was made secre- 
 tary in April, 1871, and president of the com- 
 pany in March, 1878, succeeding tlie late Presi- 
 dent Goodwin. He is at the head of one of the 
 lari;est insurance organizations in the United 
 States, and has made his way to that high and 
 honorable position by ability and industry 
 alone. He is a man of superior intellectual 
 qualities, and one of the ablest business man- 
 agers in New England. Colonel Greene was 
 the orator of the day at the Grant memorial 
 observances in Hartford, and his address was 
 on all sides pronounced a splendid example of 
 eloquence and ])ower. " 
 
 In life insurance circles Colonel Greene now 
 occupies a conspicuous and unique jiosition. 
 He is known to be well equipped by nature, 
 education and experience to fulfill the duties of 
 his high office, well poised, studious and ener- 
 getic, and naturally his cour.so and bis opinions 
 are closely observed by life underwriters. His 
 annual atldresses to the members of his com- 
 ])any find many readers in the ranks of other 
 coini)anics. They are comprehousivo reviews 
 of the whole field of life underwriting, and 
 the conclusions drawn by their author from the 
 statistics and facts which they contain are not 
 afit to be challenged. 
 
 Throughout his entire business career Colo- 
 nel Greene has been upright and con.scicntious. 
 He is popular with the company's agents, and 
 he is ]»roud to have their eoiifidenee and es- 
 teem. A general agent remarked, " I have 
 known Colonel Greene for many years, and I 
 am ac{[uainted with no one el.se who has so 
 many ([ualilies lliat deserve admiration." 
 
 As a citizen Colonel Greene's influence is 
 always on the side of what is best. The great- 
 est good for the greatest number is an exi)res- 
 sion that aptly defines his course of action in 
 all the walks of life. Everything that will en 
 able the human family to livi- happier and 
 better finds in him a strong champion. His 
 name is not only on the roll of many useful 
 
354 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Bocieties: he is tin active worlccr. He is a 
 vestryman of Trinity cliureli, a trustee of the 
 Bishops Fund, a loading member of the Church 
 Temperance Society —a society, by the way, 
 which was organized on novel ])rinciples, and 
 whose existence lias been jiroductive of the best 
 results in a fielil of undeavoi- where discourage- 
 ment is usually the only end — ho is a director 
 of llic (.'onneeticut Ti'ust and Safe Deposit 
 Com])any, oecujiies a similar position in the 
 Society for Savings, which tries to inculcate 
 habits of thrift by extending its good offices to 
 the poorest of the city's inhabitants; he is a 
 frequent and popular speaker at meetings of 
 religious and scholastic bodies, and he is 
 warmly esteemed by Hartford's young men, 
 for lie is a defender of all rational amusements 
 that lead to greater physical and mental 
 strength. He is also a director of the Hart- 
 ford l<'ire Insurance Company and of the 
 Phoenix National Bank. In all his relations 
 to society, as a business man, as a financier, 
 in religion and education, there is one charac- 
 teristic that alwaj's stands out conspicuously 
 in Ci^lonel Greene — he is eminently practical. 
 As alread}' noted. Colonel G-reene's position 
 in American life insurance has few, if an}', 
 parallels. That his whole life has been one of 
 honor will be admitted by every student of 
 character. In life insurance, as in everything 
 else where his talents have been given an 
 opportunity to expand, he has proved himself 
 a leader wly^m it has always been safe to 
 follow. 
 
 JAJNIES S. (tURMAN, 
 
 Senator from the Fourth I)istrict, Washtenaw 
 and Monroe counties, was born at Lyndon. 
 Washtenaw county, on the farm on which he 
 now resides, December 28, 1850, and has been 
 a resident of Michigan all his life. He was 
 educated in the union school of Chelsea, grad- 
 uated from the law department of the Uni- 
 versity in 187G, and immediately began the 
 practice of law in the city of Jackson with 
 .lames A. Parkinson. Was assistant prosecut- 
 ing attorney for two years under Mr. Parkin- 
 son. He removed to Dexter in the fall of 1879. 
 In the spring of 1881) he was elected justice of 
 the pe'acc. and in the fall was elected to the 
 House of ivcpi'cseiilatives by his fellow Demo- 
 
 ci-ats. In the Hou-se of 1881-2 he rose to the 
 front rank of his colleagues as an orator and 
 debater, and was recognized as one of its 
 leaders. His unswerving devotion to duty, bis 
 thorough understanding of every important 
 measure, his close observation of every act, 
 coupled with a keen and brilliant ability, placed 
 him in an envied po-iition which honest men 
 admii'cd and his colleagues respected. Mr. 
 Gorman was the author of the famous " Frog 
 bill," the veto of which by Governor Jerome 
 did so much to elect Begolo. He championed 
 the famou.s "Brule River Railroad " bill, the 
 " Howell Compilations," and the Kochville bill. 
 lie left public life at the earnest solicitation of 
 his aged parents, owing to the failing health of 
 his father, and now manages hi.s own large 
 fai-m of two hundred and eighty acres. In 
 188.5 he was elected on the Democratic ticket 
 to tlie State Senate, and was re-elected to the 
 Senate of 1889-90 by a vote of 9,323 to 7,957 
 for C. Cornwall, Republican, and 745 for J. 
 Schumackcr, Prohibitionist. 
 
 SAMUEL P. JACKSON, 
 
 Representative from the First District of Mon- 
 roe county, has always been a Democrat and 
 thinks he has good reason for that faith. He 
 was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, in 
 1817. His father moved to the adjoining town 
 of Manchester in 1819. From that time to 
 1845 he had the advantages of fai'm life educa- 
 tion, aided by the common schools, the New 
 Hampshire Patriot, and the New York Tribune, 
 each reiu'esentative of the political parties of 
 the olden lime. In that year he commenced 
 mercantile life in the city of Manchester, from 
 which he retired in 1874. He has served on 
 the school board in that city, and was twice 
 elected to the legislature of his native State, 
 and to the constitutional convention in 1870. 
 In 1883, after a residence of sixty years in one 
 town, he removed to Monroe, and witih his sons 
 engaged in the manufacture of pajjer, and has 
 contributed somewhat to the success of the 
 Monroe Manufiicturing Company. He was 
 elected to the House of 1889-90 on the Dem(»- 
 cratic ticket, by a vote of 1.911 to 1,629 for 
 Josiah Hall, Republican, and 102 for Joel H. 
 Hoyt, Prohibitionist. 
 
^a^^i^^^ 
 
 T^^^Oz^^^^ 
 
 MUNSELL? C'-NY 
 
^-c-^L^^t,'^^ i- CU'l-'^-^T-'^'S-z::^- 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 355 
 
 CHARLES ANCKUEK. 
 r!f])reseiitativc from tlio .sccoikI district ol' 
 .Monroe county, was born in the township of 
 La Salle, Monroe county, Michigan, Se]itcmbcr 
 2ti, 1843. Ilis earlj- life was spent on a farm 
 with his parents and his on!}- education was 
 tliat obtained in a German Lutheran school in 
 llaisinvillc, about five miles west of Monroe, 
 lie left home in 1865, and for several years 
 traveled through various States of the Union, 
 stopping at Cleveland, Ohio, St. Louis, Missouri. 
 New Orleans, Jjouisiana, Houston, Texas, 
 .\drian and Hudson, Michigan, and Toledo, 
 Ohio, learning the trade of carpenter, bridge 
 builder and architect. While at Houston, 
 Texas, he learned the trade of bi-idge building 
 of A. B. Brown, and in 1869 entered the em- 
 ploy of the Smith Bridge Company, of Toledo, 
 as their superintending foreman, in which ca- 
 ]iacity he resided at Monroe City from 1869 to 
 1875, engaged in the building of railroad and 
 highway bridges. April 1, 1860, ho married 
 Mary, daughter of Conrad and Elizabeth 
 (Zoli) Reinhard, who has a promising family of 
 four boys and three girls: Charles F., born 
 .lanuarySl. 1870; Mary, born May 26, 1872; 
 llerrman, born December 4, 1874; Rosa, born 
 .May 12, 1877; Elizabeth, born January !l, 
 1880; John William, born November 22, 1882, 
 and Henry, born December 31, 1885. In 1875 
 he removed from Monroe City and setttled in 
 Exeter township, on section twenty-eight of 
 town five .south, of range eight cast, clearing 
 ott' a farm and engaging in the manufacture of 
 lumber and charcoal and opening a general 
 store in the village of Scofield. Mr. Angerer 
 cast his first vote in 1868, and has ever since 
 voted with and been an active Republican. 
 Ho was elected justice of the peace in 1884 and 
 again in 1888. His populai-ity is shown by 
 his election to the House of Representatives of 
 1889-90, to which he was elected in a strong 
 Democratic district bj- a vote of 1,937 to 1,860 
 for his opponent on the Democratic ticket. Mr. 
 Angerer has from his youth up been a member 
 of the Lutheran church, in which for many 
 3 cars he has been one of the board of trustees. 
 September 4, 1889, he was initiated in Monroe 
 Lodge. No. 27, Eree and Accepted .Masons. 
 
 WILLIAM DUNBAR 
 Was for nearly forty j'ears a resident of Mon- 
 roe county, respected by all as an honorable. 
 
 upright and Just man, and the business mat- 
 ters of his neighbors were frequently entrusted 
 to his care. He was born in West Stoclcbridge. 
 licrkshii-e county, Massachusetts, Fcbruar}- 
 22, 1807, and September 13, 1831, was united 
 in marriage to Mercy A., daughter of Edward 
 A. and Polly (McLouth) Aldrich, at Church- 
 ville, Monroe county. New York ; she was born 
 in Cheshire, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, 
 October 11, 1808. During the lollowing year 
 (1832) lie took up his residence in Monroe 
 county, locating in Bedford, of which town- 
 shij) at its organization in 1836 ho was elected 
 supervisor, which office he held for several 
 years, also serving as clerk for a long lime. 
 
 His only living child is Addison E., born 
 January 0, 18;>5. Out of a family of four boys 
 and three girls, but one boy (Addison E.) 
 lived more than five months. 
 
 In 1855 he moved to Monroe, where for sev- 
 ei-al years he was elected clerk and justice of 
 the peace, and for four j-ears served as shcrifl' 
 of Monroe county. He represented in the 
 State IjCgislaturo the first district of Monroe 
 county for two terms (1857 and 1859). During 
 his long and varied career as a jniblic oHicer 
 the conduct of Mr. Dunbar was such as to win 
 the respect and confidence of political ojipo- 
 nents as well as partisan friends. 
 
 Discharging all his pfficial duties honestly 
 and faithfully he showed to a marked degree 
 the family trait of personally overseeing any 
 duty for the performance of which he was 
 held responsible. To the latter trait may be 
 attributed his death, as during his term as 
 county- sheriff some prisoners escaped, and he 
 pursued them in the dead of winter to the 
 Saginaw vallej-, contracting a cold, to which 
 no attention being ]iaid it soon developed into 
 that dreaded disease, consumption, from which 
 he died Augu.st 27, 1870, regretted by all his 
 friends and associates as an honorable man ami 
 citizen, and as a kind neighbor, husband and 
 father. His wife survived him nearly twenty 
 years, dying February 4, 1889. While not a 
 member of any church, yet Mr. Dunbar was a 
 Godfearing man, who sought to follow the in- 
 junction to deal justly and walk u|>righlly. 
 That he was a believer in theScri])tures may be 
 inferred from the fact that as fiir back as 185n 
 it was his daily ])ractice to read a portion ol 
 the Bible unless pi-evented by circumstances 
 bej-ond his control. In 1858 he connected 
 
356 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 himself with the Masonic oi-dcr, boiiig raised 
 in Monroe Lodge, No. 27, oi' wliich body he 
 was treasurer for many \cars, and at tlic time 
 of his death he was the eustodian of the funds. 
 
 ADDISON KDWIN DUNBAR 
 
 Was born in tlic township of Bedford .January 
 0, 183.5, his])aronls being William and Moi'ey 
 A. {Aldrich) Dunbar, wiio settled in Bedford 
 in the year 1832. Mr. l)utd)ar is the second of 
 a family of seven children, four boys and three 
 gii-ls, all of whom, with the exception of him- 
 self, have gone to that better land. His early 
 life, until his seventeenth year, was spent on 
 Ills father's farm, a few montlis in the winter 
 being given to schooling; but looking forward 
 to something more congenial to his tastes, and 
 desiring a thorough education as a base for 
 future greatness, at that ago he matriculated 
 in the Michigan Central College at Spring 
 Ai'bor, making his own way by hard work 
 during vacation and out of hours. Failing 
 health conipelle I him to leave before complet- 
 ing the full course, and he began the study of 
 surveying with a view of making it his life 
 work-. For two years he was emploj'ed by the 
 Govei-nment, under Thomas Whclplej-, in the 
 survey of Michigan, settling disputed bound- 
 aries at the Soo, and at the early age of twenty- 
 two was elected county survej-or, which office 
 he held for two terms, after which he returned 
 to farming. 
 
 A Democrat from birth, by the social qual- 
 ities inherited from the Scotch ancestry on his 
 father's side, and genuine mother Irish wit and 
 good humor of his mother's ancestors, he has 
 so endeared himself to his fellow-citizens that, 
 without solicitation or effort on his part, he has 
 been almost constantly in public office since 
 his majoritj', being elected justice of the peace 
 several times, superintendent of the poor six 
 years, school inspector fourteen years, town- 
 ship drain commissioner one year, township 
 clerk for twenty-four years, twelve in Bedford 
 and the same Icngtli of time in Monroe, and in 
 1884 and 1886 was elected on the Democratic 
 ticket as representative from the first district 
 of Monroe countv by a vole of 1,C17 out of a 
 total vote of 2.7il5 in 1880 and 1.829 votes out 
 of H.KCi in 1884. Intheiiill of 1888 he was 
 elected judge of the probate court of Monroe 
 
 county, and resigneil the office of township 
 clerk. In all his official career he has so 
 conducted the affairs of iiis office as to win the 
 confidence and esteem, not only of his partisan 
 friends, but of all witii whom he has been 
 brought in contact. 
 
 Deeming it not wise for man to live alone 
 he was married in Bedford March 81, 1858, 
 the bride being Caroline, daughter of The- 
 ophilus and Roxa (Brightman) O.sgood, whose 
 children are : William, born November 7, 1858. 
 now living in Bedforil, of which township he 
 has been treasurer for several years; Addis 
 Fmmit, born October 27, 1859, and at present 
 bookkeeper in tlie bank of B. Dansard & Sons ; 
 Charles, born August 21, 1861, and died De- 
 cember 24, 1863; Mercy Blanch, born Septetn- 
 ber 4, 1864, and a clerk in the probate office; 
 Grace Atilda, born December 29, 1865, and 
 Edwin Morris, born .Tanuaiy 24, 1870, the last 
 three living at home on the farm, about a mile 
 south of Monroe. 
 
 Mr. Dunbar for many years has been a 
 prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 at present being treasurer of the lodge, chapter 
 and commandery. He was made a Mason in 
 Russell Lodge, No. 144, at Lambcrtvillc, in 
 which he was Senior Deacon for two years 
 and Secretary until he removed to Monroe, 
 when he demitted and affiliated with Monroe 
 Lodge, No. 27, in which he held every office 
 except that of Master and Tyler. In 1873 ho 
 joined River Raisin Chapter, No. 22, R A. M., 
 and Monroe Commander}^, No. 19, Knights 
 Templar, in the former of which he has been 
 Secretary for five years and King for two, be- 
 sides filling other subordinate offices; in the 
 latter he has been Recorder and Warden. 
 
 In his entire life he has shown the family 
 trait of personally seeing to everj'thing com- 
 mitted to his charge, and not leaving it to sub- 
 ordinates, and the faithfulness with which he 
 has attended to his work is shown by the oft 
 repeated times his fellow-citizens have given 
 the vei'dict " Well done, thou good and faith- 
 ful servant," by again placing the office in 
 his hands. In addition to his official duties he 
 has for many jears followed the business of 
 administrator and executor of estates. A 
 healthy life has been interrupted but once, 
 when the close confinement in taking care ol 
 his father during his hist illness compelled him 
 to di-oj) work and take a knajisack joui'iicy 
 
6^«^^/i <^X>/^^r 
 
SKETCHES Ol' SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 sr)7 
 
 through Floiida, his wcinlil ht'liig rciliiceil 
 from 17G lo 125 pouiuls. His return in 1871 
 showed liim us well as ever, and he now ti])S 
 the be;iin at over 200, and no matter how busy 
 iicalwa^'s has time for a pleasant word with 
 his friends, and his enemies are so few that they 
 ai-o not worth mentioning, as they well know 
 that .Meriy can always be found in the jjrobate 
 office. 
 
 GEORGE ROBINSON HURIJ 
 
 Was born in Monroe January 2, 1832, his 
 l)aronts being Munson and Agnes L. (Thomp- 
 son) Hurd. His lather was a. farmer, and, after 
 tiie War of 1812, in which lie served as a pri- 
 vate soldier in a Vermont regiment, of which 
 State lie was a native, settled in Orange county, 
 New York, from where he migrated to Monroe 
 county in 1831. His mother was a native of 
 Ireland and a member of the Irish i*resbyte- 
 rian church. The former was born September 
 
 I, 1791, and died March 23, 1855; the latter was 
 born August 15, 1795, died January 2f), 1886. 
 Of his five brothers all have paid the debt 
 of nature with the exception of the second, 
 Horatio B. Morgan S. Hurd went to Califor- 
 nia in 1852 and engaged in mining until 18()(). 
 wlicn he entered the employ of the Central and 
 Southern Pacific Kailroad, with whom he was 
 connected in the capacity of claim adjuster 
 
 • until his death, which occurred in 1880. 
 
 In his earl}- daj'S Mr. Hurd had only the 
 meager advantages of the common district 
 school in which to prepare him.self (or the battle 
 of life : that he made the most of what little 
 chance he had is evinced by his present position 
 in the community in which he lives. Tjike his 
 brothers and father he followed the business of 
 farming, for manj- j'cars living on a farm in 
 Frcnchtown, about four miles north of Monroe, 
 until in 1871 he moved to the city. He mar- 
 ried Kosctta, the daughter of William R. and 
 Betscj- (Palmer) Nowlen, who was born Octo- 
 ber 2!), 1835, and became Mrs. Hurd October 
 15. 1855-, in Monroe, and is the mother of eight 
 children, five boys and three girls, of wiiom 
 three boys and one girl are living: .John A., 
 born February 7, 1859; Delia B., born Octo- 
 ber 23. lStJ5 ; Barton W.. born October 30, 
 1868, and William Mun.son, born December 
 
 II. 1S75. 
 
 During the War of the Rebellion, while .Mr. 
 
 Hurd dill not go lo the ironl as a soldier, he 
 ]»i'obably did his country e(|nally as good ser- 
 vice as a member of the enlistment committee 
 in the township of Frenchtown, taking an 
 active part in seeing that the quotjj of his town- 
 ship was alwajs filled without resorting to a 
 draft; for t.vo j-ears he was treasurer of the 
 committee paj'ing the bounties to volunteers, 
 and as the money was all raised by subscrip- 
 tion, and he had most of the work to see to, the 
 office wasanythitig but that of a sinecure, and 
 practically for the most of that time he at- 
 tended to tiio work to the neglect of his own 
 business. 
 
 A farmer's .son, bi'ought up on a farm, ho 
 followed that occupation until about forty j-ears 
 of age, when he entered mercantile pursuits, 
 ami in 1871 moved to Monroe and engaged in 
 the sale of agricultural implements. 
 
 During his residence in Frcnchtown he was 
 in 1857 elected constable, in 1802 and 1863 
 highway commissioner, in 186-1 treasurer, and 
 in 1868 supervisor, which last he held till his 
 resignation in 1871, on his removal to Monroe. 
 
 Coming as a plain uneducated farmer, with 
 bit a few hundred dollars ca])ital and no 
 actual experience, lie maiie up his mind to take 
 the lead in the business, and in 1872 added the 
 buying and selling of dressed hogs and grain, 
 and to this in 1873 hard and soft coal, and by 
 jiaying the highest marlcet price, and by clean 
 work and honest dealing he has secured the 
 trade, good will and respect of all with whom 
 he has come in contact, and has a large trade 
 in a ratlins of thirl}- miles; and by pcrsistencj' 
 and close attention has increased the business 
 until the 3-ear 1888, when his annual business 
 reached the large sum of about .?250,000, and 
 is being done by him and his son, John A. 
 Hurd. The grain business assumed such pro- 
 portions that in 1887, for the better handling 
 of that commodity, he built a large elevator 
 on Front street, near the i-ailroad ti-ack. Dur- 
 ing all this time he has never had his paper 
 thrown out by the banks nor failed to promptly 
 meet all bills when presente4l. In his entire 
 business course he has always done what was 
 fair and honorable, thus gaining the confidence 
 of his fello.v-citi/.ens, and being very careful 
 never to betray the trust reposed in him. 
 
 In politics he has always been a staunch 
 Democrat, his first presidential vote being cast 
 for James Buchanan in 1856: and while never 
 
358 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 taking any active |)ai-t nor secUing otKce, he 
 has been called on to ^sel•ve in official capacity 
 several times— as alderman for the third ward 
 in 1870-7, and elected mayor in 1887 and re- 
 elected in 1888. His ten years' experience on 
 the board of education renders him an invalu- 
 able member of that body, and the fact that 
 his work on the board is appreciated is evi- 
 denced l)y his election thereto during his ab- 
 sence in California in the spring election 
 of 188(1, when he was elected by a majority of 
 312 out of a total of 1,084 votes. He returned 
 from liis Western trip Sunday morning, May 
 23, 1S86, and as soon as his return became 
 known there was a steady stream of callers and 
 congratulations, and on Monday evening a 
 large number of his friends, with the Monroe 
 Cornet Band, gave him a verj' pleasant and 
 unexpected reception. Mayor Gilday wel- 
 comed him home in a few brief but earnest re- 
 marks, to whicii Mr. Hurd rcsponde 1, alluding 
 in a very feeling manner to the many evidences 
 of sincere friendship which had been shown 
 him by the people of Monroe during the past 
 few months. 
 
 For more than a (juarter of a century Mr. 
 Hurd has been an active member of the Ma- 
 sonic fraternity, being raised in Eureka Lodge 
 No. 107, March 1, 1864, and at the December 
 election of the same year elected Junior Deacon, 
 and after a year each as Junior and Senior 
 Warden, was Worshipful Master for five years; 
 after an interim of two years as Secretary', 
 again in 1874 he was re-elected as Worshipful 
 Master, which office he was re-elected to every 
 year for fifteen 3'ears in succession until the 
 present year, when he refused all official posi- 
 tions in the lodge; a delegate to the Grand 
 Lodge for twenty jears, ho was elected Grand 
 Sword Bearer at the session of 1868. September 
 8, 1865, he was exalted in River Raisin Chap- 
 ter, No. 22, R. A. M., in which from 1879 to 
 1882 he was High Priest and representative to 
 the Grand Cha])ter. In 1874 be became a 
 Cryptic Mason in River Raisin Council, No. 4, 
 li. and S. M., where from 1878 to 1882 he was 
 I). T. I. (;. M. He was knighted in Monroe 
 Commandeiy, No. 19, Knights Templar, at its 
 institution December 23, 1867, and the follow- 
 ing year was elected Prelate; from 18(i9 to 
 1873 was Generalissimo, the tvs'o following years 
 was elected Eminent Commander; in 1878 and 
 1879 Treasurer,from 1880 to 1883 Generalissimo, 
 
 and again Prelate in 1888, and during all this 
 time, when in the city on the night of meeting, 
 was always found at his post in the lodge 
 1-00 ni. 
 
 JOSEPH G. NAVARRE, 
 
 The son of Colonel Francis Navarro, was boi'ii 
 at the River Raisin in January, 1795. Had 
 the advantages of an education; was intended 
 by his father for the priesthood, spent sevei'al 
 years at Bardstown, Kentucky, preparing for 
 orders, but before completing his studies foi' 
 the priesthood he entered the law office of the 
 Hon. William Woodbridge at Detroit. While 
 there he was of very great service to the early * 
 settlers of the Territory in making the neces- 
 sary proofs and papers to establish the titles to 
 the lands on the River Detroit, River Raisin, 
 Swan Creek, Stony Creek, Sandy Creek, Otter | 
 Creek and Bay Settlement. He was also very 
 efficient and of great service to the early set- 
 tlers that had suftered the loss of their propert}- 
 by the British army under Colonel Pi-octor 
 during the War of 1812. He did not enter 
 upon professional life as a lawyer, yet was ;. 
 very frequently consulted by the early settlers ' 
 on all questions pertaining to the title to their 
 lands, their claims for losses in the war, antl 
 the settlement of conlrovei'sies that arose on 
 the River Raisin. 
 
 While in the office of Governor Woodbridge 
 he was called homo by the illness and death of 
 his rathcr,and thereafter wasoccuj^ied a number 
 of years in administering on and closing up the 
 estate. He ceased pursuing his studies, settled 
 ujjon the farm south of and adjoining the city 
 of Monroe, owned and occupied it up to the 
 time of his death, which occurred in 1862, aged i 
 seventy-six years and six months. His first 
 wife, Eliza A. Martin, was born April 14, 1815, 
 died April 15, 1848 ; for statement of descend- 
 ants reference is here made to page 93. Mr. 
 Navarre married for his second wife Jemima 
 Knaggs, who was born July 26, 1811, died 
 February 27, 1886, without issue. 
 
 A. F. WINNEY. 
 
 [An antoWiograpliy.J 
 
 I was born May 24, 1825, in the township of 
 Davenpoi-t, Delaware county. New York. 1 
 may here say that my father is Philip Winney 
 
-SSS?-- -.-^,1 
 
 /^ 
 
 ^/Z ^^Cyhh^. 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 359 
 
 (still liviii,:;- at the aj^e of cni;lily-tive yoai'M), 
 and nij- mother was Miss i^ydia White, both 
 scions of Jicvolulioiiary stock. The grand- 
 father on my mother's side at the age of seven- 
 teen a.ssisted in the capture of IJurgoyno at 
 Sarato^ja, and the others operated against 
 Indians in the State of New York. He was 
 captured bj- the celebrated Brandt's Indians, 
 and e.sea])ed by his extreme muscular strength 
 and tleetne.s.s of foot. The name is of Hnglish 
 origin, and members of the family were promi- • 
 nent iti the days of Oliver Cromwell. The 
 first American seat ol' the family was in 
 Virginia. 
 
 In is:!.'!, when 1 was eight years old, my 
 jiarents removed to Blenheim townshi]), Scho- 
 harie countj', New York. My schooling pi'cvious 
 to the age of twenty consisted of an attendance 
 at a countrj' district school some part of the 
 yeai' from the age of tivc to the age of fifteen 
 years. 
 
 In the financial tTOubles from 1S37 to 1843 
 inclusive, my father, like many others, after 
 the "sheriff had restored confidence ' found 
 himself with just about enough left to remove 
 his family to Michigan, where wo arrived in 
 November, 1843. 
 
 In my twentieth year 1 returned to the State 
 of New Y^ork, and took an academic course in 
 Otsego county, that State; assisting a local 
 surveyor to pay tuition and other expenses. I 
 next took a course at an engineering school in 
 Pennsylvania, teaching school to defray ex- 
 penses, and pursuing my own studies nights. 
 
 Having graduated, and my professor of math- 
 ematics desiring a change for his health, he pro- 
 posed a copartnership, which I accepted. We 
 went West for the purpose of surveying 
 United States laud, in which we engaged 
 about a year, after which we led a i-oving life 
 on the plains, from Jeffer.son City, Alissouri, to 
 Santa Fe, then in Mexico. We finally joineil 
 Fremont's military expedition to California, 
 but my pai'tner being injured by a fall of his 
 horse, we had to return after proceeding three 
 hundred miles on our way. To take a gen- 
 erally bruised man across a country' where 
 Indian.s were the only inhabitants, was an en- 
 terprise fraught with an amount of danger 
 hard to realize l)y one who has not been there. 
 We had no guide, and the nearest place 
 where we might meet assistance was a point 
 on the Santa F<' trail that we had established 
 
 astronomicallj' the year i)efore. Our party 
 numbered five; the injui'cd man on the stai't 
 was unable to ride except at the gentlest walk. 
 I was obliged to be guide and astronomer of 
 the expedition, and succeeded in locating it 
 on the Santa Fe trail in about a month, often 
 obtaining longitmle and watching for Indians 
 while the others .slept. It was the severest 
 month of toil I ever experienced, except, per- 
 haps, a month preceding the battle ol' i'ea 
 Eidgo, during the War of the Ilebellion. 
 
 Accident having robbed us of an opportunity- 
 to assist in the conquest of California, we, with 
 some wild spirits of the plains, attached our- 
 selves 10 the armj- of General Taylor, and 
 were present at the battle of Buena Vista. 
 
 In 1848 we again returned to Penn.sylvania. 
 mv partner to settle and receive his ])ortion of 
 his father's estate, where we remained station- 
 ary long enough for me to order a V level, and 
 some other instruments not then manufactured 
 in this country that I knew ol'. from England. 
 Having accomplished our purpose in the I'-ast 
 we returned to Santa Fe. where my partner 
 died in 1849. 
 
 I finally .settled in Wisconsin, where I was 
 married. In 1855, for climatic consideration.s 
 in connection with my wife's health, we re- 
 moved to Missouri, where wo remained about 
 six years, engaged partly in mercantile and 
 partly in professional pursuits. 
 
 In 1861, on the breaking out of the War of 
 the liebollion, I was driven out of Mis.souri for 
 being a '-Yankee" and a suspected aboli- 
 tionist, viewed from a pi'o-slavei-y standpoint. 
 Their treatment of me was just, for I enjoyed 
 the confidence of John Brown and his associ- 
 ates; was an agent on the " undergi'ound rail- 
 road," thconly railroad agency I ever held. Rob- 
 bed of the accumulationsof a life-time, 1 took my 
 family to Indiana and returned to Mi.s.souri, 
 taking such course against the rebels as to me 
 seemed best, ending with the buttle of Pea 
 liidge, Arkansas. 
 
 Whatever may be said of the irregularity of 
 my connection with the army it iias the ad- 
 vantage of one less pension applicant, and 
 great economy of Federal ducat.s and " red 
 tape." 
 
 The condition of my wife's health immedi- 
 ately following the battle of Pea Kidge obliged 
 me to forego further considerations of retribu- 
 tion and devote mvself to her. She died iu 18tiG, 
 
360 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 after which, in ISTl). hrokfii in hcallli. 1 cuiuo 
 to Oakviile for the i)iii-pose of leaving a 
 daughter o(' tender yeans to the care of kindred. 
 
 A. V. WiNNEY. 
 
 OKION J()NATII.\N FAY. 
 
 Of Carlton, is one of the self-made men of 
 Monroe county who have steadily worked their 
 way from the lowest round of tiie ladder to a 
 very enviable position, and whose ambilion will 
 hardly he satisfied until they have reached the 
 U))). He is a descendant of the old Puritan 
 slock that came over on the Maj-flower, boing 
 the son of Francis and Charlotte (Brown) Fay, 
 and born in the township of E.Keter June 20, 
 IStJO. The fathers family came from Massa- 
 chusetts, the mother's from Vermont, and set- 
 tled in Monroe count)^ in the early part of the 
 thirties. When the California gold fever broke 
 out in 1849, Mr. Brown, his wife's father, crossed 
 the continent with a w^agon train, and remained 
 on the Pacific coast until the outbreak of the 
 Eebcllion, when he returned by water. He is 
 next to the oldest of eight children, si.K boy^s 
 and twogirls; Edwin E., born 1858; Liicretia, 
 1862; Charles, 18(54; Lois Lavina, 1866 ; Dan, 
 1868; Albert, 1871. and Perry, 1875; all of 
 whom are married with the exception of the 
 doctor, who, with Charles, Albert and Perry, 
 are still bachelors. 
 
 When a mere lad Dr. Fay began the battle 
 of life and has fought his way heroically, un- 
 a.ssisted, until ho has at an early age, by his 
 indomitable energy, sound business sense and 
 sterling integrity, won the confidence of his 
 associates and fellow-citizens. He attended 
 the common district schools of his township, 
 which education his parents deemed sufficient 
 tor him; but in this he disagreed with them, 
 and finally his father took him to Flat Rock to 
 attend the high school there, but with positive 
 injunctions to the party with whom he left him 
 that he must earn his board and paj- his own 
 way, as he would not be responsible for any of 
 his expenses. This he pluckilj' did, and the 
 four years' course was completed in three 
 years and nine months, graduating June 28, 
 1878. The principal, Mrs. Harriet B. Jones, 
 had in early days been the preceptress of 
 Faj s father. Having tasted the sweets of 
 knowledge Mr. Faj' determined to mount 
 
 higher and accomplish more. With this pur- 
 pose in view, after graduating from the Flat 
 Rock Union High School he matriculated in 
 the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 
 taking a partial literarj- course and a special 
 course in German and French, the knowledge 
 of which ho deemed essential in the practice of 
 medicine, to which he had determined to de- 
 vote his life. He took the two courses of 
 dentistry and medicine at the same time, and 
 by close application and pertinacious work 
 completed the usual five-year course in three 
 years and three months, receiving his degree as 
 Doctor of Dental Surgery March 28, 1881, and 
 of Medical Doctor June 30, 1882. Not content 
 with this he determined to grasp all the honors 
 that his Alma Mater could confer on him, and 
 in the department of general chemistry took 
 special courses in electrotherapeutics anil 
 practical manipulation of electrical apparatus 
 and in the physiological laboratory. 
 
 In politics he has always been a Democrat, 
 his maiden vote being cast in the effort to seat 
 General Hancock in the presidential chair, but 
 has never taken any active part in the councils 
 of his party nor held other office than that of 
 health physician for tiie township of Ash, his 
 time being too fully occupied in the practice 
 of his profession of medicine and surgery. 
 
 Socially he has many warm friends, and 
 takes great interest in the several fraternal 
 organizations with which he is connected. He 
 was made a Mason in Hiram Lodge, No. 110, 
 at Flat Hock in 1880, and is a charter member 
 of Orion Ijodge, No. 123, Ancient Order of 
 United Workmen, which was named in hi« 
 honor. 
 
 EMERSON CHOATE, 
 
 One of the oldest, most respected and honored 
 citizens of Monroe county, was a native of 
 Canada, being born at Maiden, on the banks ot 
 the River Thames, in what was then known as 
 Third township, now Howard, August 28, 1807, 
 and when but a lad of nine years of age, just 
 after the War of 1812, coming to Monroetown 
 with his parents, Samuel and Elizabeth (Cor- 
 nell) Choatc, and settling on the banks of the 
 River Raisin, where but two ^ears before had 
 occurred the bloody battle and Indian massa- 
 cre. During his residence of sixty-five years 
 in this community he has seen this prosperous 
 
-^/^T-Z^A, 
 
 ■'"•^-^/, 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 Mrtl 
 
 county spring up from an unbroken wilderness, 
 and with its rise, growth and progress has been 
 closely identified. His lather, Samuel, was on 
 the first board of supervisors in the county in 
 1827, and in 1)^48 and 1849 Emerson was chosen 
 to represent the people of Monroetown in the 
 same capacity ; and being very popular with 
 his fellow-townsmen, after an intermission of 
 one year, in which he served as township clerk, 
 he was again elected to the ofiBce of supervisor, 
 and re elected for twenty-three consecutive 
 years, filling the position he occupied to the 
 entire satisfaction of his constituents, and with 
 honor to himself. The year previous to his 
 death, during the absence of Supervisor Wake- 
 field, Mr. Choatc was again chosen to represent 
 his township (Monroetown) making in all 
 twenty -six years of service upon the board. 
 
 During the memorable and trying years of 
 lSCl-2 he represented his district in the Mich- 
 igan legislature, where his course was marked 
 by the same honest purpose and fairness. May 
 C, 1850. in pursuance of Act No. 78 of the ses- 
 sion of 1850. he was elected a delegate to the 
 constitutional convention which convened at 
 Lansing June 3 and adjourned August 15, 
 1850, his colleagues from Monroe county being 
 Kobert McClelland, Alexander M. Arzeno and 
 Henry B. Marvin. The constitution, as re- 
 vised by the convention, was submitted to the 
 people November 5, 1850, and adopted by a 
 majority of 2(5.736 votes, and with amendments 
 is the one now in force, the revisions of 18G7 and 
 1873 having both been rejected by the people 
 in the April and November elections following. 
 
 Mr. I'hoate lived with his parents until 1830, 
 when he decided to make a home in the wil- 
 derness for himself. Acting on this resolu- 
 tion he removed a few miles to the south 
 of the old homestead, and taking up a large 
 tract of woodland, erected a log house and 
 began the laborious task of clearing off the 
 land. Having completed the cage he secured 
 the bin! in the person of Martha Bowen. to 
 whom he was married February 2S, 1S31, who 
 wa.s born in Providence, Khode Island. Decem- 
 ber 8, 180!l, and at an early day emiginited to 
 Monroe countj- with her parents. She indeed 
 proved a helpmeet to her husband in his labor 
 of yeai-s, enduring all the privations and ex- 
 posures of early .settlers, clearing away the 
 forests, draining the mai"shes, building roads 
 and laying the foundation for the present 
 
 valuable properly now in the famil}-. Slit- 
 proved a worthy companion for her noble hus- 
 band in building up a plea.sant home in the 
 wilds of a new State. As a kind neighbor, 
 loving mother and faithful friend, without re 
 proach in all social, religious and neighborly 
 (juaiilies, she will long be remembered. She 
 survived Mr. Choate about six j^ears, her death 
 occurring at her home on Plum Creek. .Tune 1 1. 
 1888, when sympathizing friends and neighbors 
 met to lay away her remains in peaceful rest 
 by the side of her husbaii'l's ashes. 
 
 Their children are: Caroline II., born May 
 28,1832, married in Raisinville, November 8. 
 1851, to Seneca U. Larabee ; Louisa M., born 
 February 17. 1834, died December 13, 18.8.8: 
 Minerva M., born August 27, ls35, married to 
 Norman G. Curtis, October, ls58 ; Emerson H. 
 (now living in Detroit), born August 3, 1837, 
 and married November 2G, 18C1, to Jane M. 
 Shew; Maria M., born April 20, 18.39; Ed- 
 ward M., born August 3, 1842, now living on 
 the old farm, married December 25, 1872. to 
 Annie E Skinner, of Fremont, Ohio; Sherman 
 D., born November 13, 1845, died March 10. 
 1846; and Frank C, born January H), 184s. 
 married February 19, 1878, to Adeline M. 
 Pitts, and now living on the old homestead. 
 
 The old log house was replaced by a new 
 and more hand.<ome structure, where for many 
 yeai"s friends would often meet to enjoy hos- 
 pitality that was always bestowed in a gener- 
 ous and friendly manner, where Mr. Choate 
 was a signal illustration of the gospel of cheer- 
 fulness through all his happy and useful life. 
 .Simple and frugal in his own habits of living, 
 he was open-handed in his charity to the needy 
 and in his generosity to his friends. The 
 kindly welcomes and generous hospitalities of 
 the home will long be cherished in the mem- 
 ories of all who have shared them. Uj) to the 
 hour of his death his life was one of ceaseless 
 toil and untiring activity, and wherever he 
 was known his genial presence will bo greatly 
 missed. 
 
 His death, which occurred May 18, 18,82, re- 
 sulting from a|>oplexy, came sudilenly. much to 
 the surpri.se and bereavement of friends and 
 relatives. He had been to Monroe in the fore- 
 noon, seeming to be in his usual health. 
 Alter dinner he went to the barn to feed his 
 hoi-se and was found dead on the haymow 
 some two hours later. Tie- '""Iv wl..i. i.uiimI 
 
36- 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 being quite cold, it is supposed he died soon 
 after leaving the house. Through all his life 
 he had been a man nf the strictest honesty and 
 integrity, and his death was sincerely mourned 
 by his many friends throughout the county. 
 His funeral was held at his residence the fol- 
 lowing Sunday, the burial services being con- 
 ducted by the Rev. J. E. Jacklin. and wa.s one 
 of the largest gatherings of a similar nature 
 ever heUl in the t4>wnship. 
 
 RESTCOME R. KIRBY. M. D. 
 
 The subject of this sketch was the .son of 
 Isaac and Eleanor (Canfieid) Kirby, and was 
 born at Cayuga, Xew York. July 24, 1S29, 
 removing with his parents to Michigan in the 
 .spring of 1836. To acc<iraplish this journey a 
 comfortable carriage was provided for the 
 family, drawn by .strong horses intended for 
 valuable service in a new country. • A -freight 
 train,"" which consisted of a wagon of generous 
 propirtions, drawn by four yoke of oxen, 
 loaded with neces.sary farm and household 
 equipage, was sent .several weeks in advance, 
 and thi-ough the slush of April snows threaded 
 it.s slow length through the Dominion of Can- 
 ada toward the ••' Eldorado of the West,"" the 
 objective point being the tt)wiiship of Rives, 
 Jackson county-, Michigan. In the spring of 
 ls38. after having endured the privations and 
 liardships of clearing a farm in tiie wilderness, 
 the father died, leaving a wife and five chil- 
 dren to mourn their early loss. In 1841 the 
 mother of these children was united in mar- 
 riage with Colonel John Bradl<)rd, of La Salle, 
 Monroe county. Michigan, where she removed 
 with her family. 
 
 In 1844 Restcome R. Kirby, having enjoyed 
 the privileges of the common schof)ls. entered 
 the academy at Plymouth, Michigan, con- 
 ducted by the Rev. Anderson J. Clayton, re- 
 maining there until 1846. In 1847 he entered 
 tlie academy- at Aurora, Xew York, and re- 
 mained there until May 14, 1849, when he be- 
 gan the study of medicine in the office of Dr. 
 Joel Green at Sylvania, Ohio. In September, 
 1850, he enrolled as a student at the State Uni- 
 versity at Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he re- 
 mained two years. At the e-xpiration of this 
 term he returned home, spending the following 
 year at the home farm. In .September, 1853, he 
 
 went to Buffalo, 2\ew York, and entered the 
 senior class and hospital of the Sisters of 
 Charity of the Buffalo Medical College, receiv- 
 ing the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the 
 hands of ex-President Fillmore February 22, 
 1854. 
 
 In Jul}-, 1854, he was united in marriage 
 with Miss Melissa M. Tucker, only daughter 
 of Dr. J. L. Tucker, of Erie, Michigan, 
 and immediately began the practice of med- 
 icine at Newport, Monroe county, devoting 
 himself to the duties of his profession until the 
 spring of 1861, when the alarm rang through 
 the land that the country must be defended. 
 On the 10th of July, 1861, he received the ap 
 pointment as assistant surgeon in the Twenty- 
 Seventh Ohio Infantry, under Colonel Fuller, 
 and immediately reported to Camp Chase 
 Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; but being deter- 
 mined to go into the cavalry arm of the ser- 
 vice, he at once called on Adjutant-General 
 Buckingham and asked to be attached to cav- 
 alry then being organized at that point; his 
 request was granted, receiving at the same 
 time a commission as fii-st lieutenant for five 
 years, and assisted by Second Lieutenants. X. 
 Stanford, a company of ninety- seven good men 
 was immediately recruited, armed and mount- 
 ed, which was known as Company C, First 
 Ohio Cavalry. 
 
 On the morning of the 21st of Augu.st Lieu- 
 tenant Kirby received orders to report to Gov- 
 ernor Denni.son and Adjutant-General Bucking- 
 ham at Columbus. Ohio, with five days" rations 
 and forage for one hundred and fifty horses, 
 and to be fully equipped for field service. Up- 
 on reporting to General Buckingham he re- 
 ceived orders to report with his company to 
 Governor Pierpont, at Wheeling, West Vir- 
 ginia. In command of his company he pro- 
 ceeded to West Virginia, reporting to Gov- 
 ernor Pierpont, where he received orders 
 from him to report immediately to General 
 Sclienk at Webster, Virginia; going by way of 
 Grafton he reached General Schenk's head- 
 quarters at two o'clock on the morning of the 
 23d of August. Here he received orders to 
 report to General Reynolds at Cheat Mountain 
 as soon as possible. A rapid march of forty- 
 three miles was made to the scene of action, 
 where he reported to General Reynolds. Dur- 
 ing the month of September Company C, First 
 Ohio Cavalry, was in all the engagements- at 
 
c/^jT^^n^. JC^ Jl^^ 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 363 
 
 this iioiiit, aii<l was in action wlien the CdhUmI- 
 erato Jolin Washington fell. 
 
 About this time Company (' was joineil by 
 Companj- A, commanded by Captain Robinson, 
 leaving liieutenant Kirby to act as surgeon of 
 what was now the First Squadron of First 
 OhioCav^alry, they being detached from their 
 regiment throughout tb.e war. It was during 
 these eiigagoments that Colonel Tyler's regi- 
 ment of Ohio Jnfantry cut their way through 
 ilobert K. Ijce's army and joined the main 
 army. In this engagement the Union loss was 
 nine killed, the Confederates leaving one hun- 
 dred dead on the ground, and Colonel John 
 Washington among them. 
 
 A series of engagements followed in rapid 
 succession, among which was the battle of 
 Green Briar, where the First Squadron of 
 First Ohio Cavalry was with and in advance 
 of General Milroy's regiment of Indiana in- 
 fantry, and engaged in the battle with tlieiii ; 
 Union loss eight killed and thirty wounded; 
 the enemy was repulsed. Soon after an en- 
 gagement took place at Camp Allgcheny near 
 Green Briar, and on the llUh of December 
 Colonel Milroy fought General Johnson, of 
 Georgia; this battle was fought about eight 
 miles from Green Briar battleground. 
 
 On the i:5th of February, 18(52, the First 
 Ohio Squadron was assigned to General Lan- 
 der to act as iiis body guard, and was with 
 him when he made his dash on Colonel Bald- 
 win's forces at Washington (Jap, ealle<l in his- 
 tm-y Blooming Gap. In this battle twenty-two 
 ciinimissioned ollicei'S of the rebel foi-ces were 
 eai)liired. On March 2, 1802, the First Ohio 
 Squadron stood in line all daj' waiting for 
 General Ijander. Orders had been issued to 
 the army at Paw Paw to go to Winchester to 
 engage (ieneral Jackson. The advance had 
 reached Blooming Gap when General Lander 
 died at five o'clock on the morning of the '^<] of 
 March ; Coni])anies A and C, of the First Ohio 
 S(juadron, acted as guard for the giuieral's re- 
 mains when they were delivered at Harper's 
 i'lrry into the hands of his wife aTid laniiU-. 
 
 General .lames Shields now took command, 
 :iim1 the sipiadron was assigned to him as 
 ■special escort," and remained with him as 
 long as he was in command. Ca])tain Kirbj' 
 was present when (ieneral Shields was wounded 
 by the bursting of a shell, and took charge of 
 his body when taken to the rear. 
 
 General Tyler next took command, and on 
 the 2:{d of March, 18t;2, Companies A and C. 
 numbering one hundred and forty men, and 
 commanded by Captains Robinson and Kirbj', 
 were ordered to make a charge on the enemy. 
 Side by side they scaled the stonewall in Iront 
 and passed through a long line of rebel infantr}-. 
 In this charge the two companies capturetl two 
 hundred and si.\ty-four prisoners, three ambu- 
 lances, eight horses and Hcvent3'-fivc stand of 
 arms, which were turned over to general ac- 
 count. For valiant and meritorious service at 
 the battle of Winchestei-, the First Squadron 
 of Ohio Cavalry was justly recognized at the 
 time by the leading news])apers of the day as 
 bearing an importantarm to the Union service. 
 Ca])tain Pobin.son died a few days after the 
 battle, leaving Captain Kirbj' in full command 
 of the squadron, and also as acting surgeon. 
 
 In the meantime General Shields had suf- 
 ficiently recovered to again take command, and 
 accompanied by his body-guard 'pursued 
 "Stonewall'' Jackson up the Shenandoah valley, 
 calling a halt at Harri.sonburgh to rest the 
 troops. On June 8, 18(12, the First Ohio Scpiad- 
 ron, under (ieneral Shields,engaged in the battle 
 of Port Ilepublic, where Captain Kirby was 
 wounded in the leg, and (!aptain Cole, of 
 Shields's staflf, was shot through the head while 
 firing a bridge to prevent Jackson's armj- 
 from ci-ossing. Shotand shell were sent through 
 the bridge by the enemy to prevent it from 
 being destroyc<l, when a shell burst within the 
 bridge and Captain Kirby'shorso fell, and him- 
 self was stunned and wounded by the explosion. 
 In this battle Company C lost seventeen men 
 in killed, woun<lod and prisoners; the men 
 being disabled by cuts from bursting shells and 
 the loss of blood, the comjjany was relieved 
 from General Shields and .sent into camp at 
 Alexandria, ami their cajjtain taken to Wash- 
 ington in an ambulance. 
 
 When (ieneral Pope took command of the 
 Army of Virginia, the commander of Comjianj' 
 C had so far recovered from his injuries as to 
 be again on duty. On July Id, 18(12, he re- 
 ceived ordei's to report to (ieneral Po])e's head- 
 quarters at Warrentown, Virginia, to act as 
 body. guard. The order was brought to him 
 by Colonel Smith, of Pope's staff. On the 
 nth of August this diminished band of brave 
 men defended (ienerals Pope, McDowell and 
 Banks in a hand-to-hand saber engagement, 
 
364 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 losing nineteen men in killed, wounded and 
 prisoners. General Banks was slightly wound- 
 ed, and Colonel Euggles's ((•liicrof Pope's statt") 
 horse was killed and Joscjjh Gaddes, of Com- 
 pany C, was shot in the head, his brains spat- 
 tering in the face of his cajituin. Some New 
 York artillery, seeing the general and his 
 escort I'ctreating from the picket lines by moon- 
 light, unlimbercd their cannon and sent fifty 
 shells whizzing over their heads before they 
 could be sto])ped. 
 
 At the battle of Bull T!un this escort of First 
 Ohio Cavalry was precipitated into a saber 
 fight with "Stonewall" Jackson's body-guard, 
 the enemy outnumbering them two to one. In 
 this encounter one-half of the men of (^>m- 
 pany C were killed, and Captain Kii-by's horse 
 was killed under him ; notwithstanding ihis 
 slaughter Jackson's bodj'-guard was driven 
 from the field, leaving their dead and wounded 
 on the ground. 
 
 Captain Kirby with his worn-out company 
 was next sent to Antietam, and participated in 
 the battle under General McClellan, and was 
 subsequently stationed at headquarters as dis- 
 patch carrier for the general while he remained 
 in command. 
 
 On November 4, 18C2, (Jeneral McClellan 
 was relieved by General Halleck,and the First 
 Ohio S(]uailron went into camp on Capilol Hill, 
 Washington, I). C. Captain Kirby remained 
 here for several months sick in camj), and, 
 on the recommendation of Surgeon-General 
 Barnes, I'csigned his commission and went 
 home. On the 1st of August, 18(>3, having suf- 
 ficiently recovered from his injuries, he ac- 
 cepted a commission as captain of Com jtany P], 
 FIcventh Michigan Cavahy, and again went to 
 tlio front. 
 
 In December, 18G3, the Eleventh Michigan 
 Cavalry passed through Toledo, Ohio, reaching 
 Covington, Kentucky, on the Slst. At this 
 point Company E was detailed to guard the 
 train, not allowing it to start until orders were 
 received from Colonel Simeon B. Brown, com- 
 mandiuic regiment. The men stood on duty 
 all (lay in a drenching storm of snow and rain ; 
 at night they were relieved and sent to Camp 
 Fjlla Hixhop, Lexington, Kentucky, arriving 
 there on that memorable "cold New Year's 
 Day," Januarj^ 1, 18(>4 ; that intensely cold 
 night men were obliged to lie down on snow 
 
 and ice, without fires and but few blankets. 
 The next morning a call was made for volun- 
 teers to go a distance of fifteen miles through 
 a blinding snowstorm for wood. Louis T)e 
 Shettler, of Com])any E (a resident of Erie, 
 Michigan), came forward with others and went 
 for the wood. Upon their return DeShottler's 
 ears were so badly frozen they dropjied off, as 
 many of his friends can now testify, and 
 scarcely a man in the company bnt suffered 
 from severe colds and rheumatism. 
 
 On January 28, 18C4, Captain Kii-by re- 
 ceived orders to report to General Hobson, 
 commanding at Camp Nelson, eighteen miles 
 distant. Upon reporting to the general's head- 
 quarters ho received orders to guard a drove of 
 1,405 head of cattle through the mountains to 
 Kno.Nville, Tennessee, for the relief of General 
 Burnside's army. This perilous duty was per- 
 formed with a loss of two men and nineteen 
 horses killed, and eighty-one head of cattle 
 poi.soned from mountain ivy. The whole dis- 
 tance traversed by this "horned brigade" via 
 Kingston was two hundred and twenty-five 
 miles. This march was rendered extremely 
 severe by receiving orders to go light — with- 
 out overcoats or blankets, and without a wheel 
 or j)ack mule to carry forage for horses. The 
 rebel guerrilla Champ Furguson with one 
 hundred cut-throats had burned the mountains 
 over ahead of them, destroying the last rem- 
 nant of feed for animals excepting browse. 
 Company D, of the Tenth Michigan Cavalry, 
 with seven hundred head of cattle, had pre- 
 ceded them a few days, all of which were cap- 
 tured by guerrillas ; and being determined to 
 evade a similar disposition, it was necessary 
 that the commanding ofticer be vigilant and 
 constantly in the saddle at least from eighteen 
 to twenty-three hours daily. 
 
 Company E, Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, re- 
 turned to camp at Lexington, Kentucky, on 
 the 5th of April, 1864, and on the 27th of the 
 same month General Burbridge requested Caji- 
 tain Kirby to take command of a battalion ot 
 the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry and proceed 
 to Western Kentucky in search of some train 
 robbers. LieutenantStearns, of Adriaii, Mich- 
 igan, was among the volunteers to accompany 
 this expedition. A march of ninet3'-six miles 
 was made in thirty hours, and the robbers were 
 caught the second night of their march, re- 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 .•^5 
 
 turning; to Jjcxiiii^tim in liiiu! to join llicir rej;- 
 iiiiorit, wlio were about to give chusc to Jolin 
 Mor<;iiii, then making his last raid tiiroiigii 
 I\i-nliicky. The I'jlcventh Michigan Cavalry 
 siarleii in hot jiur.suit, and the rebel chieftain 
 was overtaken at Mount Sterling, Kentucky, 
 about three o'clock in the morning. After a 
 tight lasting four hours John Morgan and his 
 forces wore completely routed. In this en- 
 gagement Captain Kirby commanded the 
 second battalion, consisting of eight com- 
 panies, and while leading a charge through a 
 wlicattield to dislodge some rebels on the oj)- 
 posite side under barricades, was wounded and 
 reported to ('olonel S. B. Brown (commanding 
 brigade) as being killed, and word to tiiat ctl'ect 
 sent home to his family. The routed rebels 
 were commanded by Colonel Cal Morgan and 
 Basil Duke, who were closely pursued through 
 Lexington, the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry 
 being in the advance. On the morning of the 
 12th of May they came up with the combined 
 forces at Cynthiana, commanded by John 
 Morgan. Line of battle was formed at day- 
 light, the Eleventh Cavalry being placed 
 near the center. Major-General Burbridge 
 gave orders to move forward ; Major Smith, 
 commanding the Eleventh, ordered a charge. 
 Captain Kirby's battalion on the right and a 
 column of platoons in front led the charge and 
 went entirely through the enemy's line, which 
 closed in behind them with the intention of 
 capturing them ; but Company E, of Motiroe 
 count}', Michigan, with two hundred rounds of 
 cartridges to a man, stood by their commander 
 and in less time than it takes to write it one 
 hundred and ninety-two rebels were killed and 
 wounded. Captain Kirby captured General 
 Morgan's adjutant, with Morgan's saddle-bags, 
 portfolio, order-book and promotion from 
 March loth up to Juno 12th, and still has the 
 folio in his possession. In this engagement 
 \Vm. Nadcau, of Company E, was wounded. 
 
 The battle being over. Company E acted as 
 body-guard to General Burbridge to Lexing- 
 ton, the Eleventh Cavalry following, and went 
 into camp at Lexington, Kentucky. Captain 
 Kirby being ranking officer was called upon to 
 remount and uniform the regiment, there not 
 being a field officer in the regiment; this dut}' 
 was performed and on the 25th of June, bj- 
 order of Major-General McClain, he was de- 
 
 tailed as provost marshal at Lexington, Ken- 
 tucky, and continued to act in this capacity 
 until the close of the following winter. The 
 duties of a provost marshal were found to he a 
 trial, and in many instances heartrending. 
 Three military jirisons were turned over to the 
 jirovost marshal, besides a large amount of 
 property taken with the prisoners. At this 
 time the retaliation order of Abraham Lincoln 
 was in force in Kentucky; That w'hcnover a 
 ITnion person was murdered by any dis-Union 
 person two guerrillas were to be shot to death 
 aTid buried on the same ground. I'ris(»ii 
 No. 3 was full of that kind of men, anil the 
 provost marshal was frequently ordered to turn 
 over to some officer from two to six per week 
 for execution. On one occasion Company K, of 
 the Eleventh Cavahy, was sent to Georgetown 
 with two men for execution, one a murderer, 
 the other an innocent looking boy of eighteen, 
 who said he had never injured anyone, but was 
 persuaded to go with them, and when sixty- 
 two men were ordered to tire, but one bullet 
 hit the young man, while the bodj' of the other 
 was riildled with bullets, ("aptain Kirby was 
 detained in the office of j)rovost marshal much 
 against his wishes, having made repeated ap- 
 plications to be relieved without effect. 
 
 In January, 1865, finding himself prostrated 
 with nervous fever, caused from wounds while 
 in the United States .service, and having con- 
 tracted rheumatism from previous exposure in 
 1864, he drew up a resignation and tendered it 
 in person to the commanding general, who ac- 
 cepted it on condition that he would remain 
 until his successor was appointed and all mil- 
 itary ])risons, prisoners and property were 
 turned over and accounted for. and a new 
 guard and officers fully acquainted with their 
 duties. This left him at liberty to return 
 to his home in Lambertville, Monroe count}', 
 Michigan, reduced from his former weight of 
 205 pounds to the modest proportions of 146 
 pounds. 
 
 Resuming again the duties of the medical 
 profession, he continued his residence in Lam- 
 bertville until June, 1874, when he removed 
 with his family to Petorsburgh, Monroe count}-, 
 where he still resides. Two children wi're born 
 to them : Canfield T., born February 2(i, 185'.t. 
 died August 12. 1860; and Ella Klizabeth, born 
 March 29, 1862, died May 29, 1879. 
 
366 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 DR. JOSEPH L. TUCKER. 
 
 Joseph L. Tucker. Hon of James and Hope 
 (Kellcy) Tucker, was boru in the village of 
 Scituale, Ehode Island^ December 3, 1807. His 
 ancestors were of English nativity and were 
 among the earlier settlers of New England. 
 Joseph was the second son of a family of thir- 
 teen children. He attended the common 
 schools fi"om the time he was old enough until 
 he was thirteen years of age. At this period 
 his father died, making it necessary for him to 
 assist in caring for his mother and dependent 
 brothers and sisters. Ho immediately accepted 
 the busy life found in a manufacturing estab- 
 lishment of his own town, in the meantime 
 pursuing his studies by reading spare minutes 
 and attending an evening session at the village 
 academy. He Avas thus early in life made 
 sensible ol' the fact that upon hisown exertions 
 dej>endcd his future success. For five years he 
 performed his duties with entire satisfaction to 
 his employer. At the expiration of this time 
 he found that by his frugality and strict atten- 
 tion to the interests of his employer he was the 
 happy possessor of sufficient means to enter 
 upon a career befitting his natural taste, and 
 immediately began the study of medicine in the 
 office of Dr. Tyler in his native village. In 
 1829 he entered the medical college at Castle- 
 ton, Vermont, where be remained one year. 
 The following year he enrolled as a student at 
 Yale College. He remained here one year, 
 under the instructions of Prolbssor Sillinum 
 and others equally eminent in their day and 
 generation. It was here that he formed the 
 lifelong acquaintance of a fellow classmate 
 (Abram Sager) who later in life was called to 
 occupy a chair as professor of zoology at the 
 State University at Ann Arbor, Michigan. 
 Eeturningto his native town he presented him- 
 self before a board of medical examiners, re- 
 ceived a certificate, and for a length of time 
 devoted himself to the duties of his jjrofession. 
 A copy of this certificate, yellow with age, the 
 writer inserts for the sake of its quaintuess : 
 
 L. S. 
 
 The President of the R. I, Central 
 Medical Society. 
 
 To Whom these Presents May Come, Greeting : 
 Know ye, that Joseph L. Tucker hath been 
 approved according to his knowledge in sur- 
 gery and the practice of medicine ou examina- 
 
 tion, relative to the rules and regulations estab- 
 lished by the said society. I do, therefore, 
 hereby license him to practice as a physician 
 and surgeon, all tlic rights, privileges and 
 honors thereunto appertaining, and do recom- 
 mend him to the notice of the faculty and the 
 employment of the public. In testimony 
 whereof I have hereunto set my hand and have 
 caused the seal of the said society to be here- 
 unto affixed at Warwick, R. I., the 3d day of 
 February, in the year of our Lord 1834, and of 
 American indcjiondence the 58th. | 
 
 J. W. Olnev, 1 • 
 
 Jeremiah Cole, V Censors. 
 Daniel H. Green, ) 
 
 Amos Collins, President. 
 
 But compensation for medical services was 
 meager in those days, and the struggle for ex- 
 istence had now actually begun. With a clear 
 Saxon cj'c he saw the " Star of Empire' hang- 
 ing in the West, and in 1834 he came to Miclii 
 gan Territory, traveling via stage line, Hudson 
 River and Lake Eric. He arrived in Monroe 
 in the month of September and at once pro- 
 ceeded to the town of La Salle, near the Erie 
 line, and began anew the practice of medicine, 
 enduring all the trials and vicissitudes incident « 
 to a now country. On the 22d day of Febru- 
 ary, 183.^, he was married with Miss Elizabetli 
 Jane Averj^ (daughter of Amos W. Averj-), who 
 with her father had removed from Western 
 New York to La Salle, Michigan, in 1833. In 
 the autumn of 1836 the subject of this sketch 
 returned to Yale College, where he completed 
 his studies. Upon his return home in the 
 spring of 1837, he at once set about founding a 
 home for himself and family. A portion of 
 land was purcha.sed which originally belonged 
 to the farm known as the Cornell farm in the 
 town of Erie, and here for a term of over thirty 
 years he devoted himself assiduously to the 
 duties of his chosen profession, and was per- 
 mitted to enjoy some of the contrasts from a 
 life in the wilderness to one of advanced im- 
 provement. In 1840 a medical society was 
 organized in the city of Monroe which made it 
 incumbent upon practicing physicians to ap- 
 pear for examination and become identified 
 with the society. That the representatives of 
 the medical profession were '' not slothful in 
 business" in those early times, the following 
 true copy of the certificate will show : 
 
'• /f^ ^^ m^^-^ 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 .%7 
 
 State ok MiriiKiAN. 
 
 To all to whom llicae prrsinU shall comi', or iiiaij in an;/ 
 wise conicrn. the President, Sccrelari/ and ( Viisor.t of 
 the Monroe Countij Medical Socifty send greeting : 
 
 IVherea.s, Josepli L. Tucker liath cxliibilod 
 iinio us satisfactory evidence that ho is duly 
 i|ii:ilitic(i to jiractice physic and surgery, i<no\v 
 yu, that pursuaTit to the power and authority 
 vested in us by law, we do grant unto the said 
 Joseph \i. Tucker the privilege of practicing 
 piiysic and surgery in tiiis State, together willi 
 all tiie riglits and immunities which usually 
 apjicrtain to physicians and surgeons. 
 
 { Geoikie Landon, ) 
 
 L. S. } Charles Osgood, >■ Censors. 
 
 I E. Adams, ) 
 
 In testimony whereof wo have caused the 
 seal of the societ}^ to be hereunto affixed, at 
 the city of Monroe, this 2iith day of l-'obruary, 
 A. 1). ISKI. 
 
 William M. Smith, 
 
 President, P. L. 
 Attest : IIarry Conant, Secretary. 
 
 In the spring of 1850, Dr. Tucker with his 
 wife became actively identified with the First 
 l>aj)tist Church of Erie, under the pastorate of 
 Elder John Thomas, and during his long resi- 
 dence in that locality he contributed to its true 
 interest with unswerving fidelity. He was 
 eminently faithful and strict in meeting every 
 personal obligation in business, in the church, 
 in society, and wherever duty called him to 
 act. He was of that conscientious New Eng- 
 land mould which made him especially vigilant 
 of every charge committed to his care, and 
 throughout his. long residence in Erie was 
 largely relied upon in i)romotingthe true pros- 
 perity of the township, seeking faithfully to 
 promote the establishment of general educa- 
 tion, and was among the first to secure a schol- 
 arship in Hillsdale College when that institu- 
 tion was in its infancy. Dr. Tucker was a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity and held the 
 office of treasurer at the time of his death. 
 
 In politics he was originally a Democrat, but 
 from the beginning of the presidential cam- 
 paign of 1857 until his death he was identified 
 with the Republican j)arty. 
 
 On the fith of June, 18(50, he was called to 
 mourn the death of his wife, who for over a 
 quarter of a century had walked faithfully by 
 his side ; a woman endowed with rare social 
 
 qualities which attracted to her a large cirtie 
 of acquaintances. Three children survived her, 
 Melissa M., wife ol Dr. 11. K. Kirby, of Peters- 
 burgh, and two sons, Charles M. and Slieldon B., 
 who lived to maturity, but both now deceased. 
 In the autumn of 1867 Dr. Tucker removed to 
 the village of Potersburgh, Monroe count}', and 
 on May 2, 18(JS, was united in marriage willi 
 Miss Isabel K. Posey, of Helena, Ohio, who 
 . died November 15, 1874. One daughter by 
 this marriage survives, Nora Bell, who is at 
 present a student in the .scientific department 
 of the Northern Indiana Normal College at 
 Valparaiso, Indiana. 
 
 His i-esidence continued in Pelcrsburgh until 
 his death, which occurred June 11, 1S80. The 
 funeral services were conducted by the Kev. 
 Edwin Dawes,of the Methodist church of Peters- 
 burgh. The funeral was largely attended by 
 his friends, and as a s})ecial mark of respect 
 tilt! Masonic lodges of Lambertville, Dundee 
 and Petersburgh were represented in a body and 
 accompanied the remains to the cemetery east 
 of the village, where the Hon. James I. Kussell. 
 master of Blanchard Lodge, of Petersburgh, ])ro- 
 nounced an eulogy, making just recognition of 
 the honorable and useful life ol' the deceased. 
 
 EDWA-RD GEORGE JOSEPH LATTER, 
 
 Or as he is better known to the inhabitants of 
 Monroe and vicinity, Ed. G. J. Lauer, was born 
 February 20, 1859, the place of his nativity 
 being Monroe, and his parents Sebastian and 
 Phillipine (Seitz) Lauer. His father was a 
 native of Landshausen, Baden, where he was 
 born February 9, 1820, and came to this coun- 
 ti-y in 1841, settling in Monroe in 1843, and 
 married August 2, 1845; beginning the boot 
 and shoe business with his brother-in-law, E. 
 Yacger, June 1, 1846, remaining in jjartnership 
 with him until his death, Julj' 19, 1860 ; the 
 business being now carried on by E. Yaeger & 
 Son at the same stand where it was commenced 
 in 1846. His mother was born in Wachen- 
 heim, Bavaria, May 11, 1826, coming to Anuir- 
 ica and settling in Monroe in 1837. August 
 17, 1883, she died She left to mourn her loss 
 one daughter, Mrs. J. F. Wagner, of Monroe, 
 and two sons, Kmanuel S. and Edward, of 
 which Edward was the j'oungest. 
 
 Left an orphan at the tender age of two years. 
 
368 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Mr. Lauer owes, inai^rcal iiioasuro, his prcsonl 
 position ill society (o tlio Clu-istiaii teacliiiigs 
 ofa loved inoUier, anil after llirecyears' instriic- 
 lioii at the jiaroi'liial school eonnected with 
 Kinanucl (Ijutheran) church, more familiarly 
 known as "the Old Peartreo church.' at the 
 ai^o of nine ho entered the Monroe union schooLs 
 and pursued his studies for five years, when 
 the necessity of doing something for the suj)- 
 port of his aged mother so worked on his filial 
 affections that he renounced all idea of further 
 education and entered upon his life work by 
 securing employment in the dr}^ goods store of 
 Gouverncur Morris, starting at the princely 
 .salary of seven dollars a month and board 
 himself, llis connection with Mr. Morris con- 
 tinued until thesiiringof 1877, when he entered 
 the emjdoy of J. M. Bulkley, wliere he remained 
 until the spring of 1881, when Mr. B. improved 
 the opportunity of enlarging his business by 
 removal to Manistee, Micliigan. Mr. Lauer, 
 having by close application acquired a thor- 
 ough knowledge of the dry goods business 
 during his nine years' clerkship, conceived the 
 idea that Moni-oe could sustain a metrojiolitan 
 dry goods emporium, and with that vision in 
 his mind he made the start on May 1, 1881, the 
 result of which has already shown that he had 
 a peculiar adai)tation and talent for his chosen 
 occupation. Engaging the store at No. 25 
 Front street, he went to New York City, 
 and with no capital and but little back- 
 ing other than his experience in the business 
 and the well wishes of his many friends 
 in Monroe, made the acquaintance of Mr. 
 John H. Eeed, of the large wholesale dry 
 goods house of Bates, Eeed & Coolej^, to whom 
 he frankly stated the circumstances in which 
 he was situated, the condition of business in 
 Monroe and a brief outline of what he expected 
 to accomjilish. His manly bearing and honest 
 appearance, together with his intimate knowl- 
 edge of the wants of pro8j)ectivc customers, 
 soon made a warm friend of Mr. Reed, who, 
 with no further references than his own prac- 
 tical judgment of human nature, offered Mr. 
 Lauor all the credit he might need in starting 
 his business venture. He commenced with a 
 small .stock of fine and well selected goods, and 
 in accordance with his convictions began a 
 system of judicious advertising in which he 
 announced to the public what he had in stock. 
 and that he was offering bargains in his line of 
 
 goods. By being < aiefiil lo do in every case 
 as ho promised in liis advertisements, and 
 keeping faith with his customers, and already 
 having the good will and confidence of the 
 )iublic by reason of his long acquaintance with 
 them, trade grew apace, until before the year 
 had pas.sed iiis first venture of a light stock of 
 goods compelled him to fill a large portion of 
 his shelving with empty boxes in order to 
 make a showing. He had visited the eastern 
 markets several times, posting himself on all 
 the latest novelties that were being introduced 
 and from them selecting all the most desirable 
 for the Monroe market, making it always his 
 studj^ and aim to keep on hand only fresh, de- 
 sirable and salable goods, and giving his cus 
 tomers a selection from a line as large and 
 varied as any store of the kind in Toledo or 
 Detroit. To all who came he took pleasure in 
 showing goods and quoting prices; the rich, the 
 poor, were always shown the same attention in 
 his store, and found Mr. Lauor and his clerks 
 pleasant, affable and courteous, witii whom it 
 was always a pleasure to do business. This 
 line of conduct deservedly found its reward in 
 the rapid increase of his business, until the 
 empty boxes had been taken from the shelving 
 and now goods and greater varieties taken 
 their place, and in less than two years he was 
 crowded for room in which to show his stock 
 and accommodate his customers. He suc- 
 ceeded in obtaining a lease of the rear end of 
 the adjoining store, which was soon filled and 
 more room wanted. This was temporarily 
 obtained by adding twelve feet of the rear end 
 of Miss Webb's store to this ell, and in June, 
 188C, he took the entire store and at once 
 threw the two rooms into one, new show win- 
 dows were put in and the store handsomely 
 painted and papered, giving it a neat, fresh, 
 attractive and convenient apj)earanee, which 
 can hardly be excelled in the county. While 
 the fact that Mr. Lauer has by his untiring in- 
 dustry, judicious advertising and honest deal- 
 ing, as well as his universally courteous and 
 gentlemanly conduct, built up his trade from 
 its small beginning to its present mammoth 
 proportions, is greatly to his credit as an ener- 
 getic and pushing business man, yet he mod- 
 estly shifts much of the credit to his clerical 
 force, in which he has been exceeding fortu- 
 nate in his selection. On the starting of his 
 mercantile bark, Mr. William F. Schmidt, who 
 
SKETCHES OF SOME OF THE LATER RESIDENTS. 
 
 3r.9 
 
 had been IiIh (cII")\v rlcrk at Mr. IJiilklcy is for 
 four vearw, wan (Icciiicd sutHeient to uUetid to 
 ill.' biisiiK'ss, but it grow mo rapidly that in 
 li'SH Ibaiilwo rnoiilbrt he engaged the serviees 
 of Mr. ficorge J. Uiir, and two rnonthrt hiler a 
 third in the ]>crRon of MinH Annie liaiei'. wiio 
 remaincil witii him until her marriage two 
 years aflei', when her jilace wa.s supjilied by 
 Miss Niila Nagel, who four years hiter married 
 hi.i iiead salesman, Mr. Sehmidt, her ])laee being 
 taken in the store by Miss Hose Wallinger. 
 Six months after Miss Baiers engagement with 
 iiiin, (ieorgc C. Kirsehner entered his employ, 
 and in 1887 Willie Peppier began his clerkship. 
 .Mr. Lauer. while opposed to pai'tnerships, be- 
 lieved in giving his clerks an interest beyond 
 their regular sahuy, and has ado]iled the plan 
 of giving them a ])ereentagc of the jirotils as 
 compensation for faitliful service, by which 
 means he holds them firmly to his interests, 
 never having had occasion to discharge an 
 employe. 
 
 Mr. Jjaucr's proud and independent sjiirit, 
 iialred of cant and humbug, with a genial, 
 atfable temjierament, and his frankness, made 
 many friends and keeps them, among whom 
 was Matihia, the accomplished ami beautiful 
 daughter of George F. and Wilhelmina (Stocck- 
 ert) Finzel, to whom lie was married January 
 3, 1882. Her father has long been known as 
 one of the most pojiular hardware merchants 
 in Monroe. Mr. I.iaucr is justly proud of his 
 two daughters, Nora, born Octot>er4, 1882, and 
 Bertha, born November, 1884. 
 
 In March, 1887, Mr. Lauer, not .satisfied with 
 his almost phenomenal success in building up a 
 large mercantile business from the smallest be- 
 ginning, started a branch store at Petersburgh, 
 placing it in charge of his elder brother, 
 Emanuel S. Lauer, which from its inception 
 has proved an eminent success, has been well 
 patronized and is highly complimented by the 
 Petersburgh press and people in that section 
 of the county. In speaking of it the Peters- 
 burgh Journal says : 
 
 ■'This branch enables Mr. L. to buy more 
 largely and gives him the advantages alwaj's 
 pos.sossed by large buyers, by which his cus- 
 tomers are in turn benefited, as be can carry 
 a much larger stock, of which be proposes 
 always to have the best and choicest in the 
 market." 
 
 We copy the following from the Petersburgh 
 
 ./oiiiiKil of .\iigust2!t, lS8'.t: " Kd. G. .1. Lauer 
 is in New York now. jiurchasing a mammoili 
 sloi-k of fall and winter goods foi' his Uvu 
 stores. The trip of Fd. (J. J. Lauer to New 
 York calls to mind st>nio of the brilliant en- 
 terprises ho has undertaken and cai-ried for- 
 ward to a full success. Nolably among these 
 is his branch store in this village. Kealizing 
 that Petersburgh was about midway between 
 Adrian and M<jnroe, and thinking to concen- 
 li-atc tlo; trade which before was divided among 
 several small towns, he started a branch store 
 here, and under the efficient management of his 
 brother, K. S. Lauer, the object sought was 
 accomplished and he has a large and increas- 
 ing trade. Men with push always firul ' kickei-s,' 
 and Mr. Lauer was no exception to the rule, 
 for it was prescribed by that claws that ' three 
 months' would be the limit of his ability to 
 make things work; but he was a -stayer' as 
 well as a '|)usher,' and from Februai-y 14, 1887, 
 his business has continued to increase.' 
 
 While Mr. Jjaucr is of full German descent 
 (for many years an active member of the 
 Arbiter Untcrstuetzungs Verein) he is thor- 
 oughly American in his views and princi|des, 
 and believes the same to be fully embodied in 
 the doctrines of the Democratic j^ai-t}'. He has 
 not been what might be termed a politician, 
 although taking an active interest in anj-thing 
 that may tend to advance the welfare of his 
 native city, from 188.5 to 1888 serving as a 
 member of the board of education, and his 
 j)opularity is shown by his having been in 
 1888 elected alderman for two years from the 
 strong Republican ward (the second) in which 
 he resides. 
 
 In every movement of public interest Mr. 
 Lauer not only stands ready to take a leading 
 ])art in advice and suggestions, but unlike 
 many who pose before the public with empty 
 words as an advocate of im])rovement, he 
 makes it a rule to advocate no measure which 
 he is not willing to support his argument b}- a 
 generous contribution from his bank accoutil. 
 In fact, whenever any object which might lend, 
 directly or indirectly, to advance the interests 
 or promote the general prosperity of hi8|nalivc 
 city is suggested or proposed, he is among the 
 first to advocate and support it. 
 
 While Mr. Lauer is much sought after by 
 the representatives of wholesale houses, he 
 largely deals directly with trade centcrsj to do 
 
3Y0 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 which .locesKitatcs several trip.s to New York enviable position of one of the representative 
 
 each year, thus enablinj,' him to take advan- businessmen of Southern Michigan, Mr. Lauer's 
 
 tage of markets to wliicli otherwise he would career shows in a most remarkable manner 
 
 be^a total stranger. what can be accomplished by earnest applica- 
 
 As an example of a self-made man, rising tiou, integrity and honest dealing, and he well 
 
 Crom the humblest walks in life by his own merits the verdict rendered by an appreciative 
 
 unaided energy and pushing qualities to the public. 
 
I. 
 
CHArTER XXV 111. 
 
 IIIsrOKY OF STATE ADMINISTKATIONS. 
 
 THE connection of (Jovernor Jjowi.s Casn 
 willi Iho gubernatorial ottiue ceased by liis 
 resignation in 1831. lie was appointed Secre- 
 tary of War by President Jaclison and inunc- 
 diateiy entered upon the duties at Washing- 
 Ion. His administration as governor was one 
 of decided success, and wliile it secured great 
 results to the Territory, it bound liiin to tiie 
 ])coj)le by the strongest bonds of respect and 
 love. Nor did his connection with them cease 
 in after years. Ho represented the State in 
 liic Senate of the United States for two suc- 
 cessive terms, was Minister to France and Sec- 
 retary of War under President Jackson, and 
 Secretary of State under President Buchanan. 
 His was along life spent in public service, and 
 he well deserved the rewards due to a faithful, 
 honest and able public servant. The statue 
 ordered by our legislature and placed in the 
 ca|)itol at Washington during this year among 
 the statues of the most eminent men of other 
 States of the Union, is a just tribute to his 
 memory. Michigan honors herself in thus 
 honoring her most illustrious statesman. 
 
 The next person appointed governor of the 
 Territory was George B. Porter, of Pennsyl- 
 vania. He was commissioned in August, 1831, 
 but died after a short incumbency of the oflBco. 
 
 He was succeeded in the performance of the 
 executive duties by Stevens T. Mason, secre- 
 tary of the Territory, who became acting gov- 
 ernor on the death of Governor Porter. He 
 continued to perform the duties of the office 
 until September 8, 1835, wheti he was removed 
 by President Jackson. 
 
 This ])oriod of the last four years of Territo- 
 rial government is one of note in the history 
 of Michigan. During the time population was 
 rapidly pouring into the Territory and spread- 
 ing itself widely through the interior, building 
 up towns and villages and beautifj'ing the 
 country with cultivated farms. Near the close 
 of this period was held the convention which 
 
 pre[)ared a constitution for the future State, 
 which was adopted by popular vote in Octo- 
 ber, 1835. 
 
 In this year o(-(urrcd the Micmurabic contro- 
 versy with Ohio in reference to the southern 
 boundary line, a controversy which greatly 
 excited the ])ublic mind on both sides of the 
 line, and made c()nsj)icuous the governors both 
 of Ohio and Michigan. The subject of the 
 controversy was really very simple, but the 
 prospective importance of Toledo and its j)Osi- 
 tion on navigable waters, prom])ted the almost 
 frantic efforts of Ohio to secure it for that 
 State. The disputed territory lay within the 
 recognized limits of Monroe county, a county 
 which was organized in 1817, and had con- 
 tinued from the first to exercise unintcrruj>ted 
 jurisdiction over it in every respect as a part 
 of its territory, until the adverse claims to 
 possession were urged in 1835. Resistance to 
 lawful authority assumed an alarming aspect, 
 the particulars of which arc fully given under 
 the chapter entitled "The Toledo War." 
 
 The national authorities at Washington were 
 alarmed with the threatened collision. The 
 president referred the question of legal rights 
 to the attorney -general, and that officer on the 
 21st of March, 1835, in an exhaustive and lucid 
 opinion, concluded as a result " that the Terri- 
 tory in dispute must be regarded as forming a 
 part of the Territory of Michigan, and that it 
 was the duty of the President so to regard it, 
 and to protect and maintain it; that the act of 
 the legislature of Ohio extending the jurisdic- 
 tion of that State over it, was repugnant to the 
 acts of Congress on the subject, and its enforce- 
 ment would involve a most serious violation of 
 the laws of the United Slates." He held al.so 
 that the act of the legislative council of Michi- 
 gan making it a criminal offense, punishable 
 by fine and imprisonment, in any person who 
 should exercise or attempt to exercise any 
 official fuuctiouB, or officiate in any office or 
 i71] 
 
372 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 situation ill tlic (li,s]iiitcd lorrilory, by virtue 
 of :iiiy coniiiiissioii or :uitlioril\' not derived 
 t'l-om Uk! Territoiy or tiio United States Gov- 
 ernniont, \v:ih a valid law; and lie strongly in- 
 tinialed that if an aniiod force sliould invade 
 the Territory for the pui'pose of establishing 
 the Jiirisdielion of Ohio by force of arms, the 
 authorities of Michigan might properly repel 
 force with force, in defense of their rights, and 
 if tiiis did not avail, it might become the duty 
 of the ['resident to render more effective aid. 
 A question of national im])oi'tance arose, and 
 greatly perplexed the authorities at the Fede- 
 ral ca])ital. A hostile collision was imminent. 
 The President was anxious to avoid such a 
 conflict and ardently desired an amicable 
 arraiigeineiit of the matter ; and for that pur- 
 pose ajipointcd two commissioners, lion. Rich- 
 ard Eush and lion. Benjamin C. Howard, to 
 visit and intercede with the governors of Ohio 
 and Michigan. They arrived in Ohio April 1, 
 1835, and for four or five weeks thereafter were 
 engaged in ettorts to effect their object, some- 
 times in Ohio, sometimes in Michigim, often by 
 personal interviews with the governors and 
 .sometimes by correspondence. But the effort 
 was not a success, and on the 5th of Ma}- they 
 returned to Washington. 
 
 During these negotiations Governor Mason 
 stood firmly by the right of Michigan to tiie 
 long conceded jurisdiction over the tract in 
 disjuite aiul to tiie enforcing of the laws of 
 Michigan within it, and refused to give any 
 sanction to the organizing of counties or town- 
 ships or courts witiiin it under Ohio authori- 
 ties. They j)roi)osed to him to allow the juris- 
 diction of Ohio to be extended, and that Michi- 
 gan and Ohio should exercise concurrent juris- 
 diction, and that the officers of both should to- 
 gether exercise nuthority; but to this lie re- 
 fused his assent. They urged him to abandon 
 all idea of force and withhold his assent to the 
 exercise of it, but he considered it his duty to 
 preserve the integrity of the Territory and to 
 allow the executive officers to enforce the laws 
 of Michigan within its borders, and if the cir- 
 cumstances demanded it, ho would refuse no 
 aid which the executive might properly fur- 
 nish. 
 
 This controversy gave great annoyance and 
 trouble to Governor Mason. A young man 
 nearly twenty-four years of age had to bear re- 
 sponsibilities and perform official duties which 
 
 reijuired the wisdom and experience of an 
 older man. This controversy brought him 
 into sharp collision with men in high official 
 position and distinguished for long exi)erience 
 and eminent ability. His correspondence uii 
 the subject is marked by its directness, its 
 clearness of statement, its cogency of argu 
 ment. His voluminous correspondence with 
 the President, the Secretary of State, the Secre 
 tarj' of War, the Governor of Ohio, and with 
 Messrs. Hush and Howard, the commissioners, 
 and his messages to the legislative council, all 
 evince ability of more than ordinary power, 
 and a zeal in urging the claims and defending 
 the rights of the Territory, whose chief execu- 
 tive officer he was. With the Governor of Ohio 
 he was, of course, brought into sharp collision. 
 With the wishes of General Jackson, then Presi- 
 dent, and whom above all men he admired, he 
 could not comply; and preferred to retire from 
 his office rather than decline to do what he 
 thought duty demanded of him. 
 
 But on the real question at i.ssue, the ques- 
 tion as to the true boundary line under the acts 
 of Congress, and the legality of the jirojwsed 
 action of Ohio in extending her jurisdiction 
 and establishing and maintaining her offices by 
 force within the Territory, there is no evidence 
 that General Jackson took any view different 
 from that of Governor Mason; and it is certain 
 that tiie attorney general, his legal adviser, 
 was clear in his opinion that Michigan was 
 right in her view on this ])oint, and that tlie 
 executive should maintain the established juris- 
 diction, and that too by force, if invaded from 
 abroad. And this, too, was the exjiressed view 
 of at least some of the members of the cabinet. 
 
 But the President was anxious to avoid all 
 trouble, and it was said that he was particu- 
 larly anxious to pacify and conciliate the State 
 of Ohio, whose large vote might be important 
 in the presidential election which was near at 
 hand. Ho was willing to avoid the threatened 
 collision by allowing Ohio for the time being 
 to establish her jurisdiction, and her newly 
 appointed judges and other officers within the 
 Territory ; and that the executive of Michigan 
 should abstain from resistance in the meantime, 
 and cease to perform what in the view of the 
 governor was his sworn official duty. On this 
 they disagreed, and Governor Mason was re- 
 moved from office. 
 
 In this long and bitter controversy, Governor 
 
STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 373 
 
 Mason at no time stood alone. The legislative 
 council were always with him, and by their 
 legislative act.s they not only proclaimed thoir 
 rights but ])rovided sufficient mcan.s for secur- 
 ing and defending them. The people were 
 with hiin,an<l most heartily and zealously sup- 
 portod him and his measures, and gloried in the 
 chivalrous s|(irit with which lie defended their 
 i-ausi'. 
 
 On the lull day of September, 18:55, the 
 troops having retui-ned from Toledo to Monroe, 
 they were received by (lovernor Ma.son, an<l 
 iUr hearty acclamations with which his short 
 addi-ess was roeoivcd, gave ample evidence of 
 the strong hold which he had upon the att'ec- 
 tions of the people. Hut this was the last act 
 of (iovernor Mason as Territorial governor. 
 His removal from office followed almost imme- 
 diately after. But on the first Monday of 
 October succeeding — a short month after — he 
 was elected governor of the Stale of Michigan 
 under the constitution of 18:^5, by a vote of 
 nearlj- eight thousand to about eight hundred 
 given for the opposing candidate. 
 
 (lovernor Mason was succeeded in the otfitrc 
 liy .lohnS. Horner, who was appointed secre- 
 tary of the Territory bj' General Jackson. His 
 official term was short and by no means a 
 pleasant or an exultant one. He arrived in 
 Micliigan but ten days before the election was 
 to take place under the State constitution of 
 governor and other State officers, and suc- 
 ceeded a man whose popularity was at that 
 time unbounded, and whose praise was on the 
 li]is of all. 
 
 With the de])arturc of Governor Horner and 
 the cessation of the Territorial government, 
 the State organization at once succeeded. The 
 governor and members of the legislature 
 elected in October under the constitution took 
 the oath of office earlj' in November, and put 
 the State government in complete operation in 
 all its departments. From this time until the 
 pas.sage of the final act of admission by Con- 
 gress, .Fanuary 2t), 1837, .Michigan was a State 
 government fully organized, and its executive, 
 judicial and legislative departments in com- 
 plete operation, yet a State not admitted with- 
 in the circle of the Union, nor was the Territo- 
 rial government formally abrogated or an- 
 nulled. The two jiirisdi(-tions stood face to 
 face, but fortunately loi- all i)arties and for the 
 public peace, no collision occurred, nor were 
 
 an3' of the troublesome questions which the 
 anomalous condition suggests, ever mooted. 
 In the performance of executive duties Gov- 
 ernor Mason was a.ssiduous and untiring. As 
 a man he was genial, kind and companional)le, 
 and his personal popularity never ceased. 
 
 Krom the organization of the State, the 
 genius of her people was e,\em])lifiiMl by the 
 enactment of laws for the building of four rail- 
 roads, several of which under now names were 
 destined to be eminently successful. I*"or a 
 history of the railroads of the Slate the reader 
 is referred to chapter entitled Jlailroa<ls. 
 
 S))ecial attention was given during Governor 
 Mason's administration to the cause of educa- 
 tion. An act in March of 1837, for the organ- 
 ization and support of the ])rimarj' schools, ac- 
 cording to an act of Congress setting apart fr>i' 
 school purposes one thirty-sixth part of public 
 lands in the State, and within the same month 
 another important act, was passed which gave 
 existence to the University of Michigan, which 
 was located at Ann Arbor. For the history of 
 the University the I'eader is referred to the 
 chapter under that head. 
 
 Special attention was also given to the min- 
 eral resources of the State. An ap])ropriafion 
 ol'S3(l,000 was made for a geological survey-, 
 an<l the appointment of State geologist was 
 conferred upon f)r. Douglass Houghton, who 
 accomplished more than anj' other man to 
 make known to the world the mineral resources 
 of the State. 
 
 It was during his administration that inter- 
 nal improvements of the State were j)rojected, 
 the State ]irison completed at Jackson, and ilie 
 militia of the State organized. With the j-ear 
 183!) terminated his administration, having 
 had the honor of inaugurating a new State 
 and j)roved himself to be not only a man of 
 ability, but a true and valuable friend to 
 Michigan. He emigrated to this Torritorj- in 
 1831, when he was ap])ointed its secretar}' in 
 his nineteenth year, and afler the expiration of 
 his second term as governor entered upon 
 practice as a member of the legal profession in 
 the city of New York, but lived but about three 
 years thereafter and died in New York City. 
 
 Governor William Woodbridge, the second 
 governor of the State, commenciid his term in 
 January, 181(1, und ended with that year. He 
 was a native ofConnccticut, but removed eai'l}' 
 to Ohio and entered in jjractice of law at Mari- 
 
374 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 etta in IHUti, :ind was afterward.s a member 
 both of the assembly anil senate of that State. 
 He came to Michigan in 1814 under an appoint- 
 ment by President Madison as secretary of the 
 Territory, and continued in the office of secre- 
 tary until 1827. In the course of that period 
 the secretary was often called upon to perform 
 the duties of Governor Cass. 
 
 He was the first delegate to Congress from 
 Michigan, u judge of the Supreme Court of the 
 Torritorj-, a member of the convention that 
 (Iraltcd the State constitution in 1835. His 
 long intimacy with Michigan and its varied in- 
 terests, and the ability and integrity with 
 which he had performed every official duty, 
 gave him exceptional qualifications for the 
 position of chief executive officer of the State, 
 and his fellow citizens did not fail to appreciate 
 these qualifications. In 1841, he was chosen 
 by the legislature to the Senate of the United 
 States. He was a man of extensive reading 
 and much and varied learning, a modest and 
 retiring man, j'ct genial and kind in his feel- 
 ings. He died in October, 1861. 
 
 After Governor Woodbridge left the execu- 
 tive chair, the then lieutenant governor, J. 
 Wright Gordon, became the acting governor, 
 and served as such for the balance of the term. 
 The leading events of this joint administration 
 were the completion of the railroad from 
 Detroit to Ann Arbor, and the establishment 
 of the branches of the State University at 
 Detroit, Pontiae, Monroe, Niles, Kalamazoo, 
 Grand Rapids, Jackson, White Pigeon and 
 Tecumseh. Asa result of the distribution act 
 of Congress, the State became possessed of five 
 hundred thousand acres of public land, many 
 portionsof which were selected with great care 
 and to Itecomc the foundation of an important 
 revenue. 
 
 During Mr. Gordon's administration the 
 Grand Lodge of Free Masons was reorganized 
 with the constitutional number of lodges. Of 
 the early organization of this Order we are not 
 informed beyond the fact that the first Grand 
 Ijodge was organized at Detroit, Juno 24, 182(>, 
 was incorporated by the legislative council in 
 1827, and by a formal resolution adopted in 
 1829, Masonic labor was suspended. A gen- 
 eral meeting of the Masons of the State was 
 called for enquiry in 1840, and in 1841 the 
 former (lirand officers granted dispensations 
 for several lodges. The first Grand Mtisler 
 
 under the original organization was General 
 Lewis Cass. The Grand lloyal Arch Chajiter 
 was organized in 1848. The Grand Council of 
 Koyal and Selected Masons was organized in 
 1858, and the Grand Commandery Knights 
 Templar was organized January 15, 1857. 
 
 John S. Barry, the third governor of the 
 State, and successor of Governor Woodbridge, 
 was a native of the State of Vermont. He re- 
 sided at Constantine, and his occupation was 
 that of a merchant. His first term commenced 
 in January, 1842. He was again elected for 
 the term commencing in January, 1844, and 
 subsequently for the term beginning in Janu- 
 ary, 1850. The repeated call to this high 
 office by his fellow citizens shows clearly the 
 high estimate in which he was held by the 
 people, and their confidence in his integrity and 
 capacity. 
 
 His first two terms embraced a time of 
 great embarrassment in business affairs. He 
 guarded the public treasury with watchful eye. 
 The economy of his administration was ])ro- 
 verbial, yet he did not hesitate to pledge his 
 own personal responsibility, when the jniblic' 
 interest required, for the payment of a public 
 obligation. 
 
 In 1845 it became necessary for the State to 
 purchase railroad iron to be used on the State 
 railroad. The iron was contracted for in New 
 York, but the vender was not satisfied with the 
 responsibility of the State and would not de- 
 liver the iron unless the governor would per- 
 sonally guarantee the payment of the bonds. 
 This he did, and the iron was delivered on the 
 road. It was by law to be paid for out of the 
 income of the road, but at the expiration of his 
 t(!rm of office a considerable amount remained 
 unsatisfied. He had expected it would be 
 li<iuitlated before his term expired, and if it 
 had been, no man would ever have known from 
 him of the responsibility he had voluntarily 
 assumed. The debt was, however, paid in due 
 time. 
 
 During his first term he had the satisfaction 
 of seeing the University opened for the recep- 
 tion of students, the Central and Southern 
 railroads progressing rapidly, the former hav- 
 ing been finished to Marshall, one hundred and 
 ten miles, and the latter to Hillsdale, sixty- 
 eight miles. 
 
 The fourth governor nf the State w.as Al- 
 pheus Pelch,of Monroe, who entered upon the 
 
STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 3Y5 
 
 duties of the office in November, 1845, anil 
 continued therein until March 3, 1847, when he 
 resigned to accept a seat in the United States 
 Senate. He omigratcil from Maine to Michi- 
 gan, entered the legal ])rofossion and practiced, 
 having Hon. Hiram Stone as a copartner.- As 
 early as 1830 he bei'ame identified with public 
 affairs, fir.st as a member of the legislature, 
 "then as a banlc commissioner, as auditor-gen- 
 eral of Michigan, also a judge of the Supreme 
 Court, and sub.soquent to his term in the United 
 Slates Senate was appointed commis.sioncr to 
 settle the land claims. 
 
 Tlic leading incident of his adniiiiistration 
 was the sale to private corpoi-ations of the two 
 railroads belonging to the State. The Central 
 was .sold for $2,000,000, and the Soutlicrn 
 S500,000. It was iti 1846 that the University 
 librar3- was enriched with a choice collection of 
 about five thou.sand volumes purchased in 
 Europe. The reader is here referred to the 
 " J5ar of 1837," for life of Governor Fclch. 
 
 Kpaphroditus Kansom, fifth governor of the 
 State, after serving as justice of the Supreme 
 Court from 1843 was elected governor of the 
 State in November, 1847, entered upon its 
 duties January 1, 1848, and served out Jiis 
 term January 1, 1850. He was a New Kngland 
 man, had served one term in the Michigan 
 legislature, and was a regent of the Univer- 
 sity. President Buchanan appointed him re- 
 ceiver of the land office for one of the districts 
 in the State of Kansas, and he there died before 
 the expiration of his term. 
 
 It was during his atlministration as governor 
 th;it bills were passed establishing the Asj'lum 
 (or the Insane at Flint, and the Asylum for the 
 Deaf, Dumb and Blind at Kalamazoo, both of 
 which institutions were liberally endowed with 
 lands and each of them placed in charge of a 
 board of five trustees. The capital under the 
 act of 1847 having been removed from Detroit 
 to Ijansing, temporarj- buildings for the use of 
 the legislature and State officers were occupie<l 
 during his term. 
 
 As before stated. Governor Barry was re- 
 elected and served from January, 1S50, to Jan- 
 uary 1, 1852. During this his third term tlu; 
 V)ill was passed that established the State Nor- 
 mal School, which was endowed with lands and 
 phucd in chargcof the board of education, con- 
 sisting of si,\' i)cr.s(ins. 
 
 The removal of the capital transpired dur- 
 
 ing his term and another event of great im- 
 portance — the trial of the " great railroad con- 
 spiracy" case. A series of unlawful acts had 
 been committed on the propert}- of the Michi- 
 gan Centi'al Railroad Company along the line 
 of their road, and especially at Leoni and 
 Michigan Center in Jackson count}', culminat- 
 ing in the destruction by an infernal machine 
 in 1850 of the depot in Detroit. Ofthe thirty- 
 seven brought to trial, twelve were convicted. 
 The conspirators were defended by Hon. Wil- 
 liam II. Seward, of New York ; the prosecu- 
 tion conducted by Alexander D. Frazer, of 
 Detroit. The judge who presided on this occa- 
 sion with great ability was the late Warner 
 Wing. 
 
 The successor of Governor Barry was the 
 Hon. Robert McClelland, ofMonroe,whoentered 
 upon his duties January 1, 1852, was re-elected 
 and inaugurated January 5, 1853. His admin- 
 istration terminated in March, 1853, when he 
 resigned to accept a seat in thecabinotof Presi- 
 dent Pierce as Secretary ofthe Interior, when 
 Andrew Parsons, lieutenant governor, became 
 acting governor the rest of the term. He be- 
 came a citizen of Michigan in 1833; was for a 
 number of years a member ofthe Monroe bar, 
 and co-partner of the late Warner Wing ; was 
 a member of the legislature and speaker of the 
 Hou.se of Representatives in 1843 ; also a rep- 
 resentative of the State in Congress, 1847-1841(; 
 a member of the constitutional convention 
 from Monroe county of 1835 and 1850, and the 
 convention of 1867. 
 
 During his administration the ])upils that 
 attended our common schools numberiMl 175.- 
 000, an increase in four j'ears of over 43,000. 
 Such victories of peace arc what Michigan h.as 
 alwaj's prided herself upon, and are in harmony 
 with the victories of war in behalf of the 
 Union, upon which she justl}' prided herself 
 in the Mexican War of 1847, and in the war in 
 behalf of the Union from 1801 to 1805. 
 
 From January 1,1855, to January, 1859, the 
 executive chair was occupied by Hingsley S. 
 Bingham, who arrived in Michigan in 1833, 
 settled in (ircen Oak, Ijivingston count}', was 
 postmaster, su]>ervisor, judge of probate and 
 brigadier-general of militia. Represented bis 
 county in the Stale legislature in l.s;{7, 1838and 
 18.30, and 1841 and 1842. Was Speaker ofthe 
 House in 1838 and 1S3!(, and licpresentative in 
 Conjrress from 1847 to 1849 and 1849 to 1851. 
 
376 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Died at Oak View, Liviiiii;Rton county, Miclii- 
 gan, October 5, 1801. 
 
 Tlie most notable event of his administration 
 was the completion of the ship canal at the 
 Saiilt Sto. Marie. August 26, 1852, an act of 
 ('ongress was approved granting to tiie State 
 of Michigan 750,000 acres of land for tlie pur- 
 pose of constructing a sliip canal between 
 Ijaives Huron and Superior. I^'ebruary 5, 1853, 
 tlic legislature of Miciiigan accepted tlie grant 
 made by Congress and provided for the ap- 
 )K)intmcnt of commissioners to select the 
 donated lands and to arrange for the building 
 of tlie canal. A comjiany of enterprising men 
 was appointed, and a contract entered into by 
 which the canal was to be completed in two 
 years. Eveiyarticlo of consumption, machiiiei-y, 
 working implements and material, timber for 
 the gates, stone for the locks, as well as men 
 antl supplies, had to be transported to the site 
 of the canal from Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago 
 and other lake ports. The stone for finishing 
 the locks was brought from Marblehead, near 
 Sandusky City, and from Detroit lliver. The 
 rapids which hr.d to be contended with had a 
 fall of seventeen feet and were about one mile 
 long. The contracting parties completed the 
 work ill May, 1855, accepted by the commis- 
 sioners and formally delivered to the State 
 authorities. In consideration of its national 
 character as a highway between the lower lakes 
 and Lake Superior, and in view of the sound 
 character of the work, the originators and 
 builders of this work deserve the gratitude of 
 the country. The disbursements in the con- 
 struction of the canal and selection of the lands 
 amounted to *99!1,802, which absorbed the full 
 amountof the Government grant. 
 
 The successor of Governor Bingham was 
 Moses Wisner, elected November, 1859; en- 
 tered upon the duties of executive January, 
 18(>0. He was born in Aurelius, Cayuga 
 countj". New York, in 1818 ; received a good 
 education; removed to Michigan in 1830, set- 
 tled in Pontiac, studied law and entered upon 
 the practice of his profession in 1842. Jn 1843 
 was appointed pro.secuting attorney for Lapeer 
 county. Continued to practice law until elected. 
 Soon after his term expired the mutterings of 
 the great rebellion began to be heard. 
 
 Governor Wisner, on retiring from the exec- 
 utive chair at the close of his term, delivered 
 an eloquent ami ])atriotic address to the legis- 
 
 lature of 1801. After presenting in the usual 
 way full and well-considered summaries of all 
 the essential facts regarding the important 
 and varied interests of the State, he took up 
 the discussion of the grave condition of the 
 country at that time, over which a dark cloud 
 had been cast by the recent passage in several 
 Southern States of ordinances of secession, 
 foreboding most dire results. In his language 
 there was not a shadow of fiiltering, no tinge 
 of di.saftection, no uncertain sound. With in- 
 tense earnestness he breathed devotion to the 
 Union and the flag in every sentence. Eveiy 
 paragraph was a stirring counseling the main- 
 tenance of the Union, denouncing treason an<l 
 invoking jiatriotism. We quote from these in- 
 spiring utterances words which fell upon the 
 ear of patriots amid doubt, disloyalty and 
 danger: " This is no time for timid and vacil- 
 lating councils, when the cry of treason ami 
 rebellion is ringing in our ears. The consti- 
 tution, as our fathers made it, is good enough 
 for us, and must be enfoi'ced upon every foot 
 of American soil. Michigan cannot recognize 
 the right of a State to secede from the Union. 
 We believe that the founders of our Govern- 
 ment designed it to be perpetual, and we can 
 not consent to liave one star obliterated from 
 our flag. For upwards of tliirtj' years this 
 question of a right of a State to secede has been 
 agitated. It is time it was settled. We ought 
 not to leave it for our children to look after. I 
 would calmly but firmly declare it to be the 
 fixed determination of Michigan that the 
 Federal constitution of the States must and 
 shall be preserved." 
 
 It was but a short time before personal ex- 
 ample followed the.se glowing words, this noble 
 advice. His fidelity to the Union and the honor 
 of his State prompted him .soon to take the field, 
 offered his services, was assigned to the com- 
 mand of the Twenty-Second Michigan Hegi- 
 ment of Infantry, where a short and promising 
 career gave the name of Moses Wisner to the 
 long list of Michigan martyrs to American 
 liberty, for while on his way to the seat of war 
 he was prostrated by sickness in Lexington, 
 Kentucky, where he died January 5, 18C3, 
 a man of fine mind, a good friend and worthy 
 citizen. 
 
 Following the valedictory of Governor Wis- 
 ner, the legislature of 1801 listened with in- 
 tense interest to the inaugural of Austin 
 
STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 .^7 
 
 Bluir, his successor, who in ;i proiouml ami 
 j)liilo80])hical address set Ibrtli the ti-uc nature 
 of our system of government, and the real 
 meaning of the present and impending issues, 
 and closed with these emphatic and forcible 
 ulleranocs : 
 
 "Wo arc satisfied with the constitution of 
 our country, and will obey the laws enacted 
 under it, and we must demand that the peojile 
 of all other States do the same; safety lies in 
 this path alone. The Union must be preserved, 
 and the laws must be enforced in all parts of it 
 at whatever cost. The President is bound to 
 this by his oath, and no power can discharge 
 him from it. Secession is revolution, and 
 revolution in the overt act is treason and must 
 1)0 treated as such. The Federal Government 
 has the power to defend itself, and I do not 
 doubt that that power will be exercised to the 
 utmost. It is a question of war that the seced- 
 ing States have to look in the face. They who 
 think that this powerful Government can be 
 liisnipted peacefully have read history to no 
 ])iii-pose. The sons of the men who carried 
 arms in the seven years' war with the most 
 powerful nation in the world, to establish this 
 Government, will not hesitate to make equal 
 sacrifices to maintain it. Most deeplj' must we 
 deplore the unnatural contest. On the heads 
 of the traitors who provoke it must rest the 
 responsibility. In such a contest the God of 
 battles has no attribute that can take sides 
 with the revolutionists oi' the slave States. 
 
 " I recommend you at an early day to make 
 manifest to the gentlemen who represent this 
 Slate in the two houses of Congress, and to the 
 country, that Michigan is loj'al to the Union, 
 the constitution, and the laws, and will defend 
 tlicni to the uttermost; and to prott'ei- to the 
 President of the United States the whole mili- 
 tary power of the State for that purpose. Oh ! 
 for the firm, steady hand of a Washington, or 
 a .lackson, to guide the ship of State in this 
 licrilous storm. F.et us ho])e that we shall Hud 
 hiiii on the 4th of March. Meantime, let us 
 abide in the faith of our fathers — ' Lil)erty 
 ami Union, one and inseparable, now and for- 
 ever.' " 
 
 Thesentinicni of the peo])le of the State had 
 by this time been educated u]) to expecting 
 proin])t and decisive action b^- the legislature, 
 ami thcj^ were not disap|iointed. Inspired by 
 its own st(^a<l(ast and invincibU! <imor ptilridi, it 
 
 was quick in defining its position and unfurl- 
 ing its colors to the breeze, declaring in joint 
 resolutions passed February 2, 18G1, the adliei-- 
 eucc of the State to the Government of the 
 United States, pledging and tendering all its 
 military power and material resources, and 
 also declaring that concession or compromi.se 
 was not to be en tertaiue<l or offered to traitors. 
 
 Nothing, however, was definitely' attempted 
 bj' the State authorities, and no actual defen- 
 sive or aggressive measures were undertaken 
 until the gigantic struggle was fully inaugu- 
 rated by the fire upon Fort Sumter of (he en- 
 circling batteries of the rebels in Charleston 
 Harbor, when all hope of evadingan inevitable 
 conflict gave place to prompt and needful ac- 
 tion. 
 
 Those awful tidings were received on .\pril 
 12th, creating the wildest excitement all over 
 the State, and in Detroit, the people, much 
 alarmed, commenced estimating how united 
 the public officials and peoi)le would be in the 
 cause of the Union. On the follow-ing day a 
 meeting of the bar, with other citizens, was 
 held, presided over by the venerable Judge 
 Eoss Wilkins of the United States Court, when 
 the United States officials were required to 
 take the oath of allegiance, and resolutions 
 were adopted denouncing and repudiating the 
 treason, and pledging the community to " stand 
 by the Government to the last.'' I5y the fol- 
 lowing Monday (April loth), the sui-render of 
 the South Carolina fort was known throughout 
 the land, and Michigan had receiveil the Presi- 
 dent's call for 75,000 volunteers, assigning her 
 own ((uota. The emergencies andduties of the 
 hour were then fully realized by the ])eople of 
 the State, and the u])rising was universal. 
 Most cities and towns were holding meetings 
 in open air, in ]nil)lic buildings — even in 
 Christian churches — pledging fidelity and 
 pecuniar^' assistance to the Nation in its hour 
 of great peril, and volunteers in large numbers 
 were congregating and demanding instant .ser- 
 vice for the Union, while the watch-fires of 
 patriotism had been kindkul on ever}- hillside 
 and in every valley, burning and Hashing with 
 intense brightness, at once cheering and in- 
 spiring. 
 
 Michigan was extremely fortunate in her 
 J'jxecutive. His example and ulteranci's in 
 public and private, full of loyalty, patriotism, 
 and courage, gave an aliiding tcme lo public 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROfi COUNTV, MICHIGAN. 
 
 sentiment, and inspired tlio troops. And al- 
 though the intense prevailing patriotism of the 
 people of Micliigan was undoubtedly the main 
 source of the high standard reached by her 
 troojjs in this respect, yet it being so eminently 
 inherent in her " War Governor," Austin Blair, 
 and which he so eloquently imparted to them 
 on every fitting occasion, impressed it on their 
 minds with so much earnestness as to produce 
 most beneficial and enduring effects. 
 
 The State was equally fortunate in her legis- 
 lative bodies, being composed of men thor- 
 oughly in sympathy with the Union cause, op- 
 posing with great earnestness and ability any 
 measui'es tinctured in the least with secession 
 or even a shadow of compromise, and as a re- 
 sult their declarations in this respect were 
 " stalwart" and decided, not minced in clijiped 
 or timid words, nor faint in expression, but 
 bold, pronounced, and defiant. 
 
 In the management of her interests at the 
 National capital the State was well represented, 
 having in the several departments of the Gov- 
 ernment men of influence who esteemed the 
 reputation of their State, and were ever anx- 
 ious and prompt to advance her cause. In her 
 representatives in both houses of Congress 
 she was especially favored, and with these ad- 
 vantages Michigan unhesitatingly, but reluct- 
 antly, although hojjefully and fearlessly, 
 launched her bark on the turbulent sea of war 
 on rebellion. 
 
 Governor Blair reached Detroit on Tuesday, 
 April 16, 1861, and in the afternoon, at the 
 Michigan Exchange, met by arrangement the 
 State military officers and a large number of 
 leading citizens and capitalists of that city. 
 
 The President of the United States had 
 called upon the State to furnish one regiment 
 of infantry full}' armed, clothed, and equipped, 
 to aid the Government in suppressing the ex- 
 isting rebellion. It was then estimated that 
 $100,000 would be at once required for this 
 purpose, but the treasury was comparatively 
 empty, and the condition of the State finances 
 was such that this pi-essing call could not be 
 immediately met. When this condition of 
 attairs was laid before the meeting by the Hon. 
 John Owen, State Treasurer, a resolution was 
 unhesitatingly passed pledging Detroit to loan 
 the State 850,000, at the same time calling up- 
 on the State generally to make a like advance. 
 At this meeting a subscripLiou paper was at 
 
 once cii'culated, and $23,000 pledged by those 
 present, and to complete the whole amount 
 committees were appointed to solicit further 
 subscrijitions in the city. Such prompt and 
 liberal action could not fail to be successful, 
 and furnished the sinews of war for the time 
 being at least. Mr. Owen, with these pledges 
 of the people in hand, coujiled with his own 
 good credit, succeeded in negotiating a loan 
 which was mostly taken by our own citizens, 
 sufficient to warrant the executive to under- 
 take uniforming and equipping troops. The 
 amounts thus raised, as well as all other in- 
 debtedness incurred in like manner, were 
 assumed by the State on the assembling of the 
 legislature. 
 
 The necessity for such action on the part of 
 citizens of Michigan, when contrasted with 
 the present substantial condition of the 
 State, financially, sets forth in the strongest 
 light her rapid advance in prosperity and 
 wealth, even in the face of a large war debt, 
 which is now virtually canceled. 
 
 April 16th a proclamation was issued by the 
 governor, calling for ten companies of volun- 
 teers, and directing the adjutant-general to 
 accept the first ten that should offer, and mak- 
 ing it the duty of that officer to issue all neces- 
 sary orders, and give such instructions in detail 
 as might be required. The movement thus in- 
 augurated was at once successful, the com- 
 panies responding promptl}', the tender of 
 troops far exceeding the number required by 
 the General Government. Thus all the duties of 
 the hour were prompty met and discharged. 
 
 The governor had also issued a proclamation 
 on April 2d, convening the legislature in extra 
 session at Lansing on the 7th of May. The 
 legislature met pursuant to the call, when a 
 stirring address was delivered by the governor, 
 in which he gave a detail of the work already 
 accomplished, and at the same time asked the 
 legislature to legalize his past action, and to 
 invest the State authorities with sufficient 
 power for the future. 
 
 A session of four days resulted in the passage 
 of laws endorsing the acts of the governor, and 
 clothing him with full authority to raise ten 
 regiments; also to effect a loan of one million 
 dollars, which was speedily accomplished. 
 
 The legi.slatui-e, fully appreciating the patri- 
 otic and pei-ilous services required of the 
 troops, and the sacrifices which must be made 
 
STATE AnMlNISTRATTONS. 
 
 ;57i) 
 
 !)}• their fiiinilios in their absence, especially as 
 to means of support, and at the same time an- 
 tiei])atiiig that some might bo unprovided for, 
 or might be left in want by the contingencies 
 or casualties of war, wisely enacted the "Sol- 
 diers' Jlelief Law," to contributo aid to their 
 liimiiies by counties; this allowance to be made 
 in the discretion of the supervisors according 
 to circumstances, but not to exceed fifteen dol- 
 lars amondi, and in case of the death of a sol- 
 dier, to continue one year thereafter. 
 
 This relief was unquestionably administered 
 with that generous liberality which the law 
 contem])lated. Yet the duty was neither easy 
 nor desirable, as it required much labor, good 
 judgment, discrimination, and delicacy, at the 
 same time giving opportunity for much cen- 
 sure. While imposition on the counties had to 
 be guarded against, respect for the claims of 
 ajiplicants was demanded, and in its distribu- 
 tion there was a degree of delicacy requisite in 
 barring the least idea of a charity, and in 
 establishing one of a right. 
 
 The quai'termaster general, .1. 11. Fountain, 
 a faithful and enci-gotic officer, who had been 
 ajipointed in March, was charged with cloth- 
 ing, equipping, and subsisting the troops on 
 contracts made by the " Military Contract 
 lioard," organized May 15tb by legislative 
 authority, and composed of Colonels E. (). 
 (irosvenor, Jonesville; Jerome Croul, Detroit ; 
 and William Hammond, Tekonsha. Individual 
 ability and great energy, coupled with exem- 
 plary economy, characterized this board, re- 
 lieving the quartermaster-genci-al of much 
 labor and responsibility. 
 
 (jeneral A. S. Williams and Colonel H. M. 
 Whittlesey, of Detroit, Colonel A. W. Wil- 
 liams, of Ijansing, and Colonel C. W. Leffing- 
 wcll, of Grand Rapids, constituted the State 
 Military J}oard,with the adjutant-general and 
 quartermaster-general as members ex officio. 
 
 Colonel William M. Fenton, of Flint, was in 
 .lune following ajipointed a member of the 
 board in place of Colonel Williams, who had 
 gone to the field with the Second Infantry. 
 Soon after. Colonel Fenton entered the service 
 as colonel of the Eigbth Infantry, and was 
 succee<led by Colonel E. H. Thomson, of Flint, 
 who, on the 18th of August, was elected presi- 
 dent of the board. 
 
 Jabez U. Fountain, of Manchester, was com- 
 missioned (|uartermastergencral Ajiril 1, lH(il, 
 
 serving until March 25, 1S(I3, and was a faith- 
 ful and energetic officer. 
 
 Friend Palmer, of Dotioit, was ap|pointed 
 assistant quartermaster-general in May follow- 
 ing. His experience of several j-oars in the 
 quartermaster's department of the regular 
 army rendered him a valuable officer, and to 
 him the State was greatly indobtcil for the 
 efficient and economical direction given to the 
 administration of that department. 
 
 (ieneral William Hammond succeeded (Jen- 
 eral Fountain March 25, ISO;?, and served until 
 March 25, 18(55, when he was relieved b}^ the 
 appointment of General (). N. Giddings of 
 Kalamazoo. Both these officers served with 
 mai'Ued ability and faithfulness, (ieneral Gid- 
 dings iiaving resigned in March, 18()7, was 
 succeeded by General Palmer, who served until 
 September, 1870. 
 
 On the 2l8t of May, ISUl, Colonel James F. 
 Pittman, of Detroit, was appointed State pay- 
 master, and served in that capacity, maUing 
 large disbursements as pay to troops while in 
 the service of the State, a duty which he faith- 
 fully performed. He was also a member of the 
 State Military Board from Se])tembcr 10, 18(11, 
 until November 1, 18G2, when he wasapjiointed 
 inspector-general of the State, .serving until 
 March, 18(57. 
 
 At the commencement of the war General 
 John Robertson hold the ajipointment of adju- 
 tantgenei'al of the State; has served continu- 
 ously since that time to the lime of his death, 
 which occurred at Detroit in 1888. 
 
 Captain Ileber LeFavour was appointed as- 
 sistant adjutant-general April 1, 18(51, which 
 appointment he held until June 15th following, 
 when he was commissioned as a cajitain in the 
 Fifth Michigan Infantry, and took the field 
 with that regiment. Captain l)e(!armo Jones 
 succeeded him and served until May 0, 18(i2, 
 when he resigned. Both these officers served 
 with marked efficiency. 
 
 Colonel Frederick Morley was commissioned 
 May 6, 18(52, as assistant adjutant-general, serv- 
 ing with eminent ability- and distinction until 
 March 11, 18(55, rendering arduous and valu- 
 able service to the State. 
 
 The President's call upon Michigan for 
 troops was promptly met by the muster in of 
 the First Ileginient and its early movcmeni to 
 the .scat of war in Virginia. 
 
 In the meantime, authority- had ln'cn re- 
 
380 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN, 
 
 ceivcd from the War Department to raise three 
 other regiments, but at the same time stating 
 that it was •' imj)ortant to reduce rather than 
 increase tliat number." Tiiis authority only 
 covered the Second, Third, and Fourth In- 
 fantry, already in process of recruitment, while 
 many companies throughout the State, not in- 
 cluded in the organizations referred to, had 
 been recruited without authority in the hope 
 of obtaining place in those or other regiments, 
 but were disappointed, and most of them sought 
 and found service in the troops of other States. 
 
 This limited jjolicy of the Government wa.s 
 oxtremelj' at variance with the views of Gov- 
 ernor Blair regarding the necessity of the 
 country at that time, and deeming immediate 
 preparation to meet emergencies necessary, he 
 established the " Camp of Instruction " referred 
 to in another part of this work. 
 
 The great pressure for the acceptance of 
 companies continued unabated, while the appli- 
 cations for appointments as commissioned 
 officers had reached the maximum, and the 
 Governor was continuously importuned by in- 
 fluential citizens of both political parties to a 
 most unbearable degree, while men were being 
 forced by them upon his attention for favor- 
 able consideration, regardless of natural or ac- 
 quired qualifications for the place. In fact, 
 this continued during the entire earlier jmrt 
 of the war, and although much care was uni- 
 formly exercised in making selections, both as 
 to original appointment and promotion in the 
 field, it is but reasonable to expect that some 
 mistakes were made. 
 
 In his peri)lexing and responsible position. 
 Governor Blair always recognized qualifica- 
 tions for the office, and loyalty to the cause, as 
 the tests, more than personal friendship or 
 political status. 
 
 Under a law of Congress of August 3d, the 
 President was authorized to receive into ser- 
 vice 500,000 volunteers, and while the propor- 
 tion of Michigan was understood to be 19,500, 
 the State was charged with 21,337 on an adjust- 
 ment of credits. 
 
 Michigan, in response to this requisition, 
 continued a vigorous recruitment, sending regi- 
 ment after regiment to . the field, and up to 
 December, 1861, had sent to the front thirteen 
 i-egiments of infanti-y, three of cavalry, and 
 five batteries of light ai'tiilery, with a total 
 Htrcngtii of 16,475 officers and men. Ten of 
 
 these regiments, one battery, and one company 
 had been subsisted, clothed, and partly armed 
 by the State. In addition to this, thirteen 
 companies had gone into service in regiments 
 of other States, failing, as before stated, to find 
 service in tho.se of their own. 
 
 Governor Blair, on January 2, 1862, deliv- 
 ered his message to the legislature, then in 
 extra ses.sion, from which the following extract 
 is made, and which was accepted at the time 
 as an expression of the people of the Slate on 
 the war question : 
 
 " I cannot close this brief address without an 
 allusion to the great object that occupies all 
 men's minds. The Southern rebellion still 
 maintains a bold front against the Union 
 armies. That is the cause of all our complica- 
 tions abroad and our troubles at home. To 
 deal wisely with it is to find a short and easy 
 deliverance from them all. The people of 
 Michigan are no idle spectators of this groat 
 contest. They have furnished all the troops 
 required of them, and are preparing to pay the 
 taxes and to submit to the most onerous bur- 
 dens without a murmur. They are ready to 
 increase their sacrifices, if need be, to require 
 impossibilities of no man, but to be patient and 
 wait. But to see the vast armies of the repub- 
 lic, and all its pecuniary resources used to pro- 
 tect and sustain the accursed sj-stem which has 
 been a perpetual and tyrannical disturber, and 
 which now makes sanguinary war upon the 
 Union and the constitution, is precisely what 
 they will never submit to tamely. The loyal 
 States having furnished adequate means, both 
 of men and monej', to crush the rebellion, have 
 a right to expect those men to be used with the 
 utmost vigor to accomplish the object, and that 
 without any mawkish sympathy for the inter- 
 estof traitors in arms. Upon those who caused 
 the war, and now maintain it, its chief burdens 
 ought to fall. No j)roperty of a rebel ought 
 to be free from confiscation — not oven the 
 sacred slave. The object of war is to destroy 
 the power of the enemy, and whatever meas- 
 ures are calculated to accomplish that object, J 
 and are in accordance with the usages of civ- 
 ilized nations, ought to be employed. To 
 undertake to put down a powerful rebellion, 
 and, at the .same time, to save and protect all 
 the chief sources of the power of that rebellion , 
 seems to (common minds but a short remove 
 from simj)le folly. He who is not for the 
 
STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 :^81 
 
 litiioii, iiiitoiiililioiially, ill tlii.s mortal .strui(glc 
 is against it. Tiic liigiiest dictates of patriot- 
 ism, justice, and luimanit}', combine to demand 
 tiiat the war should he conducted to a speedy 
 close upon principles of the most iioroicenergj' 
 and retributive power. The time for gentle 
 dalliance has long since passed awa}'. We 
 meet an enemy, vindictive, bloodthirsty, and 
 cruel, profoundly in earnest, inspired with an 
 energy and self-sacrifice which would honor a 
 good cause, respecting neither laws, constitu- 
 tions, nor historic memories, fanaticallj' de- 
 voted only to his one wicked pui'poso to destroy 
 the (lovernmont and establish his slavcholding 
 oligarchy in its stead. To treat this enemy 
 gently is to excite his derision. To protect his 
 slave property is to help him to butcher our 
 people and burn our houses. No. He must be 
 met with an activity and a purpose equal to his 
 own. Hurl the Union forces, which outnumber 
 him two to one, iipon his whole line like a 
 thunderbolt; pay them out of his propert}-, 
 Iced tlieiu from his granaries, mount them upon 
 his horses, and carry them in his wagons, if he 
 has any, and let him feel the full force of the 
 storm of war which he has raised. I would 
 ;ipologizc neither to Kentucky nor anj^bod}- 
 else for these measures, but quickly range all 
 neutrals either on the one side or the other. 
 Just a little of the courage and abilitj' which 
 carried Napoleon over the Alps, dragging his 
 cannon through the snow, would quickly settle 
 this contest, and settle it right. If our soldiers 
 must die, do not let it be of the inactivity and 
 diseases of camps, but let them at least have 
 the satisfaction of fulling like soldiers, amid the 
 roar of battle, and hearing the shouts of vic- 
 torj- ; then will they welcome it as the tired 
 laborer welcomes sleep. Let us hope that wo 
 have not much longer to wait." 
 
 Equally estimating with the Crovernor the 
 great emergencies and necessities of the coun- 
 try, the legislature, with firmness and pluck 
 worthy of the peof)le which they represented, 
 passed with much unanimity the Ibllowing 
 well-timed and eminently proper joint resolu- 
 tion in reference to the rebellion: 
 
 "Whereas, The Government of the United 
 Slates is engaged in j)ulting down a caii.scless 
 and wicked rebellion against its authoritj* and 
 .sovereignty, inaugurated by ambitious men to 
 obtain political power, — a Government, the 
 safety and perpetuity of which must ever rest 
 
 ui)on the loyalty of its cilizcii.s and an adher- 
 ence to the constitution; 
 
 " And Whereas, The welfare of mankind, 
 the usefulness and ])0wer of the Nation are in- 
 volved in the events and issues of the present 
 conflict ; therefore, be it 
 
 " Resolved (the House concurring). That 
 Michigan, loyal to herself and to the Federal 
 Government, reaffirms her undying hostility 
 to ti'aitors, her abiding love for freedom, and 
 her confidence in the wisdom and jiatriotisni 
 of the National Administration. 
 
 "Resolved (the House concurring), That the 
 people of Michigan deem it the imper.-itive duty 
 of the Government to speedily put down all 
 insurrection against its authority and sove- 
 reignty, by the use of every constitutional 
 means, and by tlie employment of every energy 
 it possesses; that Michigan stands firm in her 
 determination to sustain, by men and treasure, 
 the Constitution and the Union, and claims 
 that the burthen of loyal men should bo light- 
 ened, as far as possible, by confiscating to the 
 largest extent the property of all insurrec- 
 tionists; and that as between the institution of 
 slavery and the maintenance of the Federal 
 Government, Michigan does not hesitate to say, 
 that in such exigency-, slavery should be swept 
 from the land, and our country maintained. 
 
 '' Resolved, That the Governor be requested 
 to forward a copy of the foregoing preamble 
 ami i-csolutions to each of our Senators and 
 Representatives in Congress. 
 
 "Approved January 18, 18t)2." 
 
 Recruiting was being vigorously prosecuted 
 at the commencement of 18()2, and under most 
 favorable circumstances, brought about to some 
 extent by a brisk competition between officers, 
 often leading to various schemes for inducing 
 recruits to change regiments both before and 
 after muster — a practice then considered 
 sharp, but which was neither legitimate nor 
 scarcely honest, but still consiilered by some as 
 evincing a degree of energy, and by .some 
 called S.MART. And although this mode of 
 operating was protested against from time to 
 time, and complaints made leading to the pub- 
 lication of orders against it, yet it was found 
 impo.ssible to prevent the practice, and it was 
 generally excused under a plea of zealous pur- 
 pose. 
 
 At this time there were in progress of rapid 
 recruitment five regiments of infantry anil 
 
882 
 
 HISTORY UK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 throe biittci-ics of urtillery. TIkmi- coiiiplolion 
 WiiM most induKtriousIy i>iislied Vi^- tlio officers 
 engaged, find by the end of March, 1K62, they 
 had all left the State for the field. 
 
 In addition to these, a Lancer regiment, 
 three companies of sliar])-shooters, and a com- 
 pany for service at Mackinac had been organ- 
 ized and mustered into service. 
 
 The reports made in July to the adjuta.nt- 
 genei'al's office by the several regiments, bat- 
 teries and companies, gave an addition of 2,(128 
 recruits to their original strength, showing up 
 to July Ist a total enrollment of 24,281 officers 
 and men since tlie commencement of the war, 
 which, together with an estimated number of 
 1,45;] enlistments in companies in service of 
 other States, gave 25,734 as a grand total. To 
 tlii.s maj' be added the Lancer regiment dis- 
 banded, and the Chandler Horse Guard, making 
 an aggregate of nearly 27,000 men placed in 
 service prior lo tiio 1st of July, 1862 ; thus ex- 
 hibiting a surplus of over 0,000 over and above 
 the number required to comply with all the de- 
 mands of the Government, and establishing a 
 degree of patriotism and promptness unsur- 
 2)assed by any other State. 
 
 The following is taken from Charles Lan- 
 man'sEed Bo(jk of Michigan : 
 
 "During McClellan's disastrous peninsula 
 campaign in May and June, the Michigan regi- 
 ments had become much depleted by the usual 
 casualties of service and by wounds, disease, and 
 death, whilst recruiting had entirely failed in 
 the State. The Seventeenth Infantry was then 
 organizing, and it was found almost impossible 
 to obtain men for its completion, and recruits 
 for regiments in the field could not be enlisted 
 under any circumstances. 
 
 "This fearful condition of affairs liad as- 
 sumed so formidable a shape as to make it 
 necessary to hold public meetings in some 
 localities of the State to stimulate the people to 
 more energy in the cause of the Union, and 
 especially in recruiting for the regiments in 
 the field. A public meeting for that purpose 
 was called in Detroit, to be held in the after- 
 noon of Tuesday, the 15th of July, and on as- 
 •sembling on the Campus Martins in accord- 
 ance with the call, and while the husiness in 
 view was being proceeded with, the gathering 
 was surprised by a mob of men, who furiously 
 intcrruiited the deliberations and entirel}- 
 broke up and dispersed the meeting, driving 
 
 the officers from the stand, and compelling some 
 of them to seek shelter and safety in the Rus- 
 sell House, a hotel adjacent to the Camj)us 
 Martius. The exhibition of this rebel spirit in 
 our midst proved of immediate and lasting ad- 
 vantage to the cause of the army in the field, 
 for it aroused such a feeling of indignation at 
 these disloyal and treasonable operations, and 
 such utter contempt for the ruffians who had 
 been thus engaged, that the masses of the re- 
 spectable citizens of both political parties de- 
 termined that such proceedings should not be 
 tolerated in Detroit, and therefore next day a 
 meeting was appointed for Tuesday, the 22d 
 of July, to carry out the objects of the previous 
 meeting, and for the further purpose of main- 
 taining the right of citizens to hold such meet- 
 ings without interference or molestation. An 
 immense gathering assembled under the call, 
 severely rebuking the disloyal element, and 
 with unbounded enthusiasm avowing a most 
 faithful and persistent support of the war, and 
 pledging, with jjrodigal liberality, means and 
 personal encouragement, and adopting instant 
 measures for the recruitment of the regiments 
 of the State, and urging the immediate re-en- 
 forcement of the armies of the Union." 
 
 This prompt and decided action of the citizens 
 had the desired effect, giving recruiting new life 
 and energy, and served to end all demonstra- 
 tions in the metropolis of the State opposing 
 the raising of men for the armies in the field. 
 
 The meeting referred to was held on the date 
 stated, and although its intention was to affect 
 the recruiting for regiments generally, yet 
 much attention was given to the recruitment of 
 the Twenty-Fourth Regiment, the raising of 
 which had already been assigned to Henry A. 
 Morrow, who had received the appointment of 
 lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. 
 
 This meeting was made up of the most re- 
 spectable and influential citizens of both polit- 
 ical parties, and the speeches were of a very 
 patriotic character, strongly condemning the 
 dastardly action of a disloyal clement which 
 manifested itself at the former meeting called 
 for the same purpose, and was broken up by a 
 mob, and itsobjectsentirelj^ frustrated. This so 
 thoroughly aroused public indignation that the 
 masses turned out in their strength with a 
 determination that it should not be interfered 
 with, even if forcible measures should have to 
 be resorted to in enforcing order. 
 
STATK AUMINISTKATIONS. 
 
 ;58:{ 
 
 Tlic nioL-tiny whs iilso liclil witli ji viuw to 
 devise ways and moans to assiHt in raisinj^ tiic 
 (jiiota of men wliicii Detroit was required to 
 furnish. 
 
 Early in tiie afternoon processions of me- 
 chanics from foundries, macliinc shops and 
 sliip yards, licgan to assemble on the Campus 
 Martius, around the stand which had been 
 erected for the speakers, where a band of music 
 was discoursing patriotic airs. Then the cit- 
 izens generally came in crowds from the offices 
 shops, and stores. AVhen tiie hour for which 
 the meeting was appointed had arrived, liie 
 ground was covered for acres witii a living, 
 onthiisiastic mass, breathing the sti'ongest ))a- 
 triotism. They had come as determined men 
 — -they had come for a purpose, and with the 
 intention of accomplishing what they came for. 
 
 The meeting was called to order by E. C. 
 Walker, p]sq., who nominated the lion. William 
 
 C. Duncan, then mayor of the city, as presi- 
 dent, who was chosen unanimously. Hon. John 
 Owen then named the following gonllemen as 
 vice presidents: 
 
 lion. Lewis Cass, Hon. Ross Wilkins, Hon. 
 IJunj.imiu F. Witheroll, Rt. Tlev. Samuel A. 
 McCoskry, Rt. Rev. P. P. Lefevre, Shubael 
 Conant, William Barclay, Charles C. Trow- 
 bridge, Colonel J. V. Ruehle, Duncan Stewart, 
 Alderman Jo.seph Godfrey, Alderman J. W. 
 Ptircell, Alderman James Shearer, Cyrus W. 
 .lackson, Adam Elder, Gordon Campbell, Ed- 
 ward Kanter, Charles Kellogg, Fred Behr, 
 Alexander Chapoton, Charles Busch, Hugh 
 .Moffat, Fred. Buhl and Neil Flattery. 
 
 The following were made secretaries: Stan- 
 ley (i. Wight and C. Wood Davis. 
 
 The president introduced the subject to the 
 meeting in an appropriate address. 
 
 At the former meeting a conimittee to draft 
 resolutions to submit to the people had been 
 appointed, composed of Thomas iM. McEntee, 
 
 D. Bethune Duffield, William A. Moore, Dewitt 
 ('. llolbrook, William P.Yerkes,Chaunccy Hurl- 
 hut and Henry A. Mori'ow. 
 
 Mr. McHnteo then read the resolutions, 
 which were unanimously adopted. They 
 breathed a most loyal spirit, a genuine patri- 
 otis7n, and suggested the consideration of cer- 
 tain measures, in favor of raising means, l)oth 
 by the city government and by the citizens. 
 
 Eloquent speeches were made of a highly 
 patriotic order by Colonel Henry A. Morrow, 
 
 General Lewis Cas.s, .Mark Klanigan, appninled 
 major of the Twenly-Fourlli, Duncan Stewart, 
 C. 1. Walker, Halmer H. Emmons, and James 
 F. Joy. 
 
 When Mr. Joy closed, the jiresidonl was 
 about putting the motion to adjourn when Mr. 
 Emmons started and read, with tlu-illing effect, 
 the following verses, and at the end of each 
 st:inza cheer upon cheer went up : 
 
 We are coming, Father .\l)raliain —three humlreil 
 
 thousand more, 
 From Mississippi's winding stream and Irom New 
 
 England's shore ; 
 We leave our i)lows and workshops, our wives and 
 
 children dear, 
 Willi lioarts too full for utterance, with but a silent 
 
 tear; 
 We dare not look behind us, but steadfastly before— 
 We are coming, Father Abraham — three hundred 
 
 thousand more ! 
 
 If you look across the liill-tops that meet the north- 
 ern sky, 
 
 Long moving lines uf rising dust your vision may 
 descry ; 
 
 And now the wind, an instant, tears the cloudy veil 
 aside, 
 
 And floats aloft our spangled flag in glory and in 
 pride ; 
 
 And hayonets in the sunlight gleam, and bands brave 
 music pour — 
 
 We are coming, l'"ather Abraham — three Inmclrcd 
 thousand more ! 
 
 If you look all uj) our valleys, where the growing 
 
 harvests shine. 
 You may see our sturdy farmer-boys, fast forming 
 
 into line ; 
 And children, from their mothers' knees, are pulling 
 
 at the weeds. 
 And learning how to reap and sow, against their 
 
 country's needs ; 
 And a farewell group stands weeping at every cottage 
 
 door — 
 We are coming. Father Abraham -three hundreil 
 
 thousand more ! 
 
 You have called us, and we're coming, by liich- 
 
 mond's bloody tide. 
 To lay us down, for freedom's sake, our brotliers' 
 
 bones beside ; 
 Or from foul treason's savage grasp to wrench the 
 
 murderous blade, 
 And in the face of foreign foes its fragments to 
 
 parade. 
 Six hundred thou.sand loyal men and true have gone 
 
 before — 
 We are coming, Father .Vlirahaiu — three hundred 
 
 thousand more I 
 
;{S4 
 
 IIISrOKY OK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 The followini,' from I'.islioji Lofcvro, of the 
 Itornan Calliolic clmrcli, was read at the close 
 of tlic iiici^tiui;: 
 
 Dktuoit, July 22, 18(;2. 
 11. If. Emmon.'< and Others: 
 
 Deak Sirs — 1 am i;rt'atly obliged b}' the 
 kind invitation you this morning extended to 
 mc in behalf of the citizens yon repi-esentod, 
 to ac( as one of the vice presidents of the pi'O- 
 j)0scd meeting this afternoon. My engage- 
 ments Avili prevent my being with you, but I 
 avail myself of this opportunity to repeat ray 
 often expressed opinions in relation to the 
 necessity of immediate action on tlie part of 
 all our people, ii^resjicctivo of creeds and ]iarty 
 divisions. 
 
 Tile object of 3-our meeting has my warmest 
 symjiathies, and 1 take great pleasure in assur- 
 ing my fellow-citizens that with much op|)or- 
 tunity ibr observation I can learn of no differ- 
 ence of ojiinion in regard to it. All, without 
 exception, seem determined to sustain our 
 Government. 1 do most sincerely hope that, 
 to attain this gi'eat end, all differences of opin- 
 ion relative to the means to accomplish it will 
 be harmonized or abandoned. 
 
 I am, yours, etc., 
 
 P. B. Lefevke, 
 
 Bishop of the Catholic Church, of Michigan. 
 
 The infiuencoof this meeting spread through 
 out the State, greatly aiding in the recruit- 
 ment of seven other regiments, besides the 
 Twenty-Fourth, viz.: Seventeenth, Eighteenth, 
 Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-First, Twenty- 
 Second and Twenty-Third, all of which were 
 fitted ready for the field within a little over 
 thirty days, an example of recruiting not 
 equaled in the State during the entire war. 
 
 President Lincoln, advised bj'the Governors 
 of Ihe loyal States, who had consulted together 
 regarding the emergency, issued a proclama- 
 tion on July 2d for 500,000 men, the War De- 
 partment assigning to Michigan a quota of 
 11,080. On the 15th of July orders were pub- 
 lished from the adjutant-general's dejiartment 
 ol' the Slate urgently appealing to the people 
 for a prompt and effective response, and pre- 
 scribing regulations for a system of organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 The Seventeenth liegiment was then in 
 process of orgaiuzation, being recruited in the 
 State at large, while six regiments of infantry- 
 
 were ordered and appointed respectively to the 
 six Congressional Districts. Camps were es- 
 tablished for each and commanders appointed : 
 The Eighteenth at Hillsdale, Hon. Heniy Wal- 
 dron ; Nineteenth at Dowagiac, Colonel Henry 
 C. Gilbert; Twentieth at Jackson, Hon. Fidus 
 Livermorc ; Twenty-First at Ionia, Hon. J. B. 
 Welsh ; Twenty-Second at Pontiac, ex-Gov- 
 ernor Moses Wisner; and the Twenty-Third at 
 East Saginaw, Colonel D. H. Jerome. 
 
 The adjutant-general of the State, in his re- 
 port of 1802, says of the action of the peojile 
 regarding this call : 
 
 " The^-esponse of the people of the State to 
 the President's call was patriotic and prom ] it 
 almost bej'ond expectation. Individuals of 
 every degree of prominence forthwith began 
 to interest themselves in the business of filling 
 the regiments. Communities gave to it their 
 time and their almost exclusive attention, 
 while, better than all, the substantial masses of 
 the people offered themselves in person. War 
 meetings were held in almost every village and 
 township in the State. Eeprosentatives of all 
 classes converted themselves either into recruits 
 or recruiting officers, and among the most 
 efficient of the latter were ministers of the gos- 
 pel, some of whom led the men they had en- 
 listed into the field. 
 
 '•Immediately following tlie issue of tlie 
 order referred to, applications reached the ad- 
 jutant-general's office, by telegraph and other- 
 wise, from all sections of the State, urging 
 authority to recruit, and desiring instructions 
 and forms for the enlistment of companies. Fa- 
 cilities to promote this purpose wei'c promptly 
 furnished, and as soon as the camp grounds 
 could be provided with suitable quarters men 
 began to flock in by companies and detach- 
 ments. The gentlemen who had been charged 
 with the duty of supervising the organization 
 of the regiments performed their labors with 
 diligence and success, and in little over a month 
 from the date of the President's call men suf- 
 ficient had been raised in the State, and nearly 
 enough were in camp to fill all the regiments 
 which the War Department had asked for 
 under the President's requisition; 
 
 " In the meantime, while patriotism wasthus 
 zealously manifesting itself in all portions (jf 
 the State, the people of Detroit and of Waj-no 
 county desired an opportunity to put in the 
 field a regiment of their own citizens, in addi- 
 
STATK AHMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 ;^S5 
 
 tiiiij to those alro:i<ly in |)|-o;^|-i'.ss. Aiilliority 
 was |ii-oin]itly i^ivoti b^' tlic governor for tliis 
 |iiir|)oso, atui the Twontj'-Foiirth Regiment was 
 ordered organized under the direction ol' Colo- 
 nel H. A. Morrow, and ])hu'cd in rendezvous at 
 i)etroit, making ciglil infantiy regiments (hen 
 ill course of coiniiletion." 
 
 The following is from the Red Book of iMicli- 
 igan : 
 
 " The Christian church in this State gener- 
 ally proved, by its pronounced patriotism ami 
 manifest devotion to the cau.sc of the country, 
 Jin element of immense success. All true ]>a- 
 triots commend its noble course, all faithful 
 ('hristians endorse its glorious action. From 
 the time that Sumter was tired on until l^ee 
 and Johnston laid down their rebellious arms, 
 and Davis fled for his life, it encouraged ami 
 nerved by word and deed the soldier in the 
 Hold, aided much in the recruitment of men by 
 its approval of the cause and its openly avowed 
 abhorrence of rebels and those who sympa- 
 thized w'itb them and o])])oscd the war. Where 
 it did not, cowardice most moan and groveling, 
 disloyalty gross, and blackest treason pre- 
 vented its being included in the providence of 
 God among the instrumentalities to save the 
 nation, and hence neither deserves nor can ex- 
 ]H'ct any better fate than the certain condem- 
 nation of every true lover of his countiy and 
 of his race, and the disapproval of the (iod of 
 Nations. 
 
 "The valuable services i-endered attiiistime 
 by the loyal press throughout the State can 
 never bo over-estimated; for its successful 
 ertbrts in strengthening tlic hands of public 
 otKcers, in moulding public opinion in favor of 
 loyaltj- to the (iovernment, in encouraging 
 patriotism among the masses, and inspiring 
 those at the front with a heroism leading to 
 gallant deed.s." 
 
 "Stand by the Flag, on land and on sea," 
 was the motto of the women of Michigan, in- 
 spiring and scattering i)atriotisin among.st the 
 the people, and in the ranks at the front. 
 Never doubting, ahvavs hopeful, ever confi- 
 dent of success, trusting in God's help for the 
 cau.so of liberty, humanit3', and right, while 
 their interest in behalf of the soldier was in- 
 tense, and their industry for his benefit con- 
 tinuous. 
 
 In providing for the immense re-enforce- 
 nienls to the national armies under this call, 
 
 some delay in arming and ecpiippiiig I hi' 
 troops unavoidably occurred, and the Michi- 
 gan regiments were ready before their field 
 eiiuipmcnt. With great dispatch, however, 
 they were put in reailinoss for the field, an<l left 
 the State fully armed, clothed, and ei|iii|iped, 
 l)rior to the ll'th of Septemlier. 
 
 On the completion of the eight regiments 
 referred to, it was ascertaineil that in the rush 
 to the rescue of the nation, more companies 
 had been raised than could be placed in the 
 district regiments, and on the 2i)lh of August 
 an order was i.ssued from the adjutant-general's 
 otUce, directing tlui reci'iiitment of the Twenty- 
 Fifth and Twcuty-Si.xth Regimeiitsof infanti-y, 
 anil assigning the sui-plus companies thereto. 
 
 The Twenty- Fiftli rendezvoused at Kalama- 
 zoo, under the direction of the Hon. II. (J. 
 Wells, commandant of cam]), and the Twent}'- 
 Sixth at Jackson, in command of Colonel Jud- 
 son S. Farrar. 'f hey were put in condition for 
 active service with much promptness, and letl 
 the State immediately thereafter. 
 
 About the time that the President's last call 
 for volunteers apjieared, the governor bad 
 permission from the War Department to send 
 into the field another regiment of cavahy, and 
 authority was given Colonel R. II. G. Mint^-, 
 then lieutenant-colonel Third Cavalry, to pro- 
 ceed at once to raise the Fourth Cavalry. 
 
 Soon after the organization of the Fourth, 
 Colonef J. T. Copeland, late of the First Cav- 
 alry, .sought and obtained the permission of 
 the War Department, ap])roved by the gov- 
 ernor, to raise another regiment for the same 
 branch of service; and still later — when the 
 President had issued an order providing for 
 the draft of a further force of :5(»0,0(tO men — 
 Hon. F. W. Kellogg, member of Congi-ess from 
 this State, secured authority (also subject to 
 ap)>roval bj' the governor) to raise two aildi- 
 tional regiments for the same arm. The Fifth 
 and Sixth Cavahy, comprising two of the 
 three regiments thus authorized, were recruited 
 with great rapidity, and would have been in 
 the field by the 1st of October, had horses, arms, 
 and equipments been proviiled as fast as the 
 men were ready for them. 
 
 The i)atrioiism of the men composing these 
 regiments will not be (|uestioned, as they en- 
 tered the service in the darkest days of the 
 war, and when money could not have entered 
 into the question, as neither (iovernment. Slate, 
 
386 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 nor local bounties were being paid, while, 
 physically, mentally, and morally, the com- 
 jiosite of these regiments was made uj) of the 
 best young men of the State, and probably 
 was not excelled in the troops of any other 
 State, or in the armies of any other nation. 
 
 The infantry regiments went to the front 
 fully armed and equipped, their arms being of 
 a superior quality to those which had been 
 furnished to most of the preceding troops sent 
 from the State, while the cavalry were equally 
 well equij)])ed, although they did not receive a 
 portion of their arms until they reached the 
 ami}' in the field. 
 
 From the lied Book of Michigan the follow- 
 ing is taken : 
 
 " At the time the call was made by the Pres- 
 ident, and on which the regiments referred to 
 were raised, much anxiety as to coming events 
 and results existed throughout the land, and 
 great despondency pervaded the masses, pre- 
 vailing to an alarming extent in the army. 
 The disasters of Bull Run and Ball's Bluff, and 
 Banks's retreat from the valley of the Shenan- 
 doah were fresh in the memor}'. McClellau's 
 fruitless peninsula campaign had just termi- 
 nated. Gloom covered the Union cause 
 throughout the North, and loyal hearts were 
 sad. But with these disasters and discourage- 
 ments patriotism seemed to grapple, and strong 
 and loyal men flocked to service under the 
 standard of their country, without money or 
 price, and with laudable determination. The 
 regiments referred to were recruited in these 
 memorable days, the darkest of the rebellion. 
 Fighting had produced much suffering, and 
 bullets death, and war had proved a fearful 
 reality' ; yet patriotism in Michigan was at its 
 maximum, and her j)eople demonstrated their 
 indomitable pluck. 
 
 " While great activity prevailed among the 
 people and in the State military departments 
 in meeting the call of July 2d, strong hopes 
 were entertained that the final requisition for 
 additional volunteers had been reached. The 
 President issued an order on the 4th of August 
 for a draft to be made without delay of 300,- 
 000 militia to serve for nine months. On the 
 9th of the same month general orders were 
 promulgated by the War Department, assign- 
 ing the quotas of the several Slates, that of 
 Michigati being 11,G8G, same as under the last 
 call. 
 
 " Special instructions of a later date directed 
 that if volunteers for old and new regiments 
 mustered from July 2d exceeded the number 
 called for (11,086) the excess might be deducted 
 from the number drafted. 
 
 "Accepting the exigency, the Governor 
 issued his proclamation to the proper civil 
 officers of each township and ward to make a 
 complete census of the citizens of proper age 
 and forward returns to the county clerks of 
 their respective counties on or before the 10th of 
 September following. This new demand upon 
 the resources and patriotism of the people was 
 assented to with great unanimity, and its 
 pro)iriety and necessity generally accepted, 
 but the desire was to obviate a draft, and 
 strong efforts were being put forth to furnish 
 the quota in volunteers." 
 
 As an encouragement, large local bounties 
 were offered, and the most sti-enuous and effec- 
 tive measures were adopted and continued by 
 most of the townships and wards to furnish the 
 men required of them without recourse to a 
 draft. 
 
 For the I'ccord of the regiments furnished by 
 the State of Michigan, embracing only the 
 officers and soldiers of Monroe county, the 
 reader is referred to further details under their 
 ap]}ropriate heads. 
 
 lleni-y H. Crapo, the eleventh governor of 
 the State, was born in Dartmouth, Massachu- 
 setts, Ma}' 24. 1801 ; resided for many years in 
 New Bedford, from which jilace he removed to 
 Michigan in 1857; became extensively engaged 
 in the manufacture and sale of lumber; was 
 for a time mayor of Flint, where he. resided ; 
 served in the State Senate; was twice elected 
 governor of the State, in 1864 and 18G(), jjcr- 
 forming important services during the progress 
 of the Rebellion. He served as executive with 
 great ability until January' 1, 1869. Died in 
 Flint, July 23, 1869. 
 
 His successor as governor of the State was 
 Henry P. Baldwin, of Detroit, who, though 
 occupying the position of a private citizen 
 throughout the war, rendered very valuable 
 service in the cause of the Union, being promi- 
 nent in the State among its strongest suji- 
 porters both in counsel and in i^ecuniary aiil, 
 and ever ready when occasion offered to stand 
 by his country and uphold her glorious flag. 
 He was born at Coventry, Rhode Island, Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1814; received a common school edu- 
 
STATK ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 387 
 
 cation I'dIIduciI liy a loiii'si' in a New Hiii^laini 
 acadoni}', bccaiiK^ a moruliaiiLs clerk ami oon- 
 tiiiuod as sucli until ho attained his majority; 
 was in business in Woonsocket, Rhode Island ; 
 removed to Detroit, Michigan, in 1888, and 
 immediately identified liimsclf with the Prot- 
 estant lipiscopal church, in which he has ever 
 been one of its most influential and esteemed 
 members; has ever been a prominent ollicial 
 and safe advisor and coansek)r in mattei's per- 
 taining to the prosperity of the church of iii.s 
 choice, and borne more than his share in its 
 labors and burdens. By diligence and close 
 attention to business has acquired a largo 
 estate. At the close of the War of the Rebel- 
 lion the State treasury was empty — the out- 
 going Stale treasurer had made way witii ail 
 the available means in his hands. John Owen, 
 I lie newly elcctefl State treasurer, aided by 
 oilier patriotic citizens, of whom Governor 
 Baldwin was one, obtained upon their personal 
 responsibility the means necessary to save the 
 credit and meet the wants of the State. lie 
 was one of the original stockholders of the 
 Second National Bank of Detroit, was elected 
 its president and has continued to fill that posi- 
 tion from its first organization, and under the 
 new organization up to the pre.sent time. lie 
 was elected governor in 1868 and re-elected in 
 1870, holding the office until January 1, 1878. 
 
 During his terms he made a very honorable 
 record, and great advances were made in the 
 establishment and jirogrcss of our State chari- 
 ties ; was the father of the State Public Schools 
 for Dependent Children, a new departure and 
 a model liighly appreciated ; organized a com- 
 mission to supervise the State institutions: 
 recommended the establishment of the Hastern 
 Insane Asylum, the State Board of Ileallh and 
 the State House of (Correction; projected ami 
 secured the building of the new State capitol 
 at Lansing; appointed the building commis- 
 sion that carried it forward to completion. 
 
 lie was a member of the Republican Na- 
 tional convention in 187C ; in 1879, at the death 
 of the Hini Zachariah Chandler, the veteran 
 Senator fi-om Michigan, (rovernor Baldwin was 
 appointed to serve through the unexpired term, 
 making for himselfa successful and honorable 
 record ; was in 1880 and 1881 chairman of the 
 Michigan Republican Central Committee. He 
 has during a long and useful life earned, and 
 i-i i-iclil}- entitled to, the character of a Chris- 
 
 tian gentleman, a desii'ahle friend, a IioumIcdiis 
 giver, a true patriot, who.se li(e is consistent, 
 and whose example is as valuable as his bencli- 
 cencc. 
 
 John J. Bagloy was born at Jledina, Orleans 
 county. New York, July 24, 1882; came to 
 Detroit in 1848 at the ageof si.xtecn and entered 
 into the employ of Mr. Miller, a tobacconist. 
 Becoming familiar with the business ho soon 
 took the road as a traveling solicitor and made 
 extensive acquaintances, and was soon known 
 through the State as a tliorough business man 
 of pleasant manners, correct habits, and good 
 observer of men. When he attained his major- 
 itj-, with the assistance of friends commenced 
 in Detroit on his own account and soon built 
 up a business that in a few years became one 
 of the leading establishnionts in the Northwest, 
 and eventually became one of the foremost in 
 America. During his leisure hours he utilized 
 his time in storing his mind with useful knowl- 
 edge ; was a great reader and well informed, 
 and became one of the leading spirits in the 
 Detroit Young Men's Society', giving him access 
 to the e.xtensive library, which was his favorite 
 resort. He took a lively interest in the organ 
 ization of the Republican party. Tlie honor of 
 being elected a member of the Detroit board of 
 education was conferred upon him, j-et until 
 ho was elected governor never hehl an office 
 that had the semblance of profit in it, and that 
 office in Michigan involved great pecuniary 
 burdens. In IStJO he took a very active part, 
 and also when the war came on. He was lib- 
 ei'al with his money and jiersonal exertions in 
 sustaining the Government and contributing to 
 the comfort of the troops, the sick and wounded, 
 and was ever a welcome visitor to the eam])s 
 and hospitals. 
 
 In 1872 he succeeded (ioveriior Baldwin as 
 chief magistrate of the State, and was in 1874 
 re-elected to the same position. The improve- 
 ment of the penal and charitable institutions 
 was, it may with propriety bo said, a great 
 hobby with him. His administration was in 
 all respects creditable, and he lelt tlic jjublic 
 service with the respect of the people and a 
 well-earned reputation for his honest, humane 
 methods of administering charitable and jicnal 
 institutions. 
 
 The confinement in public duties, added to 
 his large business enterprises, wore uj)on his 
 constitution, and in 1880 he retired from active 
 
388 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 business and soiiiflit roliof in tnivcl, and in liio 
 Sjiring of 1881 diud in California. A tribute to 
 his nicmoi'y in a large nionumenlai fountain as 
 a large-hearted and enterprising forwarder of 
 municipal and State interest was erected in 
 1888 on the Campus Martins in the city of 
 Detroit. 
 
 I'liarle.s M. Croswell was born at Ncwburg, 
 Oratjgc county, New York. When seven years 
 of age, his father, mother and sister died, leav- 
 ing him tiie only surviving member of the 
 family witliout fortune or means. With an 
 uncle lie emigrated to Adrian, Michigan. At 
 the age of sixteen commenced learning the 
 trade of a carpenter and worked at it diligently 
 four years. In 184(5 ho studied law, and was 
 ajipointed dci)utv clerk of the county of Lena- 
 woe. After serving in this capacity' four years 
 was elected registei' of deeds in 1850, and re- 
 elected in 1852. In 185-1 took part in the 
 formation of the Kopublican party, and \\ as a 
 member of the convention at Jackson that put 
 in nomination the first Republican State ticket. 
 In 1855 ho formed a law copartnership with 
 Judge Cooley, which continued until the re- 
 moval of Judge Cooley to Ann Arbor. He 
 was appointed city attorney of Adrian in 1862 
 and was soon after elected maj'or of the city, 
 and in the fall of the same year was elected to 
 represent Lenawee county in the State senate. 
 He was complimented with the appointment as 
 chairman of the judiciary committee. He was 
 re-elected to the senate in 1864 and again in 
 18615. In 1867 was elected a member of the 
 constitutional convention and chosen its pre- 
 siding otficer. In 1868 was an elector on the 
 Uepubliean presidential ticket. In 1872 was 
 elected a representative from Lenawee county 
 to the State legislature and chosen speaker. 
 
 In 1876 was elected governor of the State of 
 Michigan. He alwaj's felt a deejj interest in 
 educational matters, and was for many years a 
 member and secretary of the board of educa- 
 tion in Adrian ; was also for several years sec- 
 retary of the State board for the general super- 
 vision of the charitable and j)enal institutions 
 of Michigan, in which position and during his 
 adminisiration as governor his care for the 
 amelioration of the condition of the unfortu- 
 nate and the reformation of the criminal classes 
 signalized the benevolence of his nature and 
 the practical character of his mind. He was a 
 popular speaker, and many of his addresses 
 
 attracted favorable notice in the public prints 
 and are of jiormanent value. His career as 
 governor was marked with the same qualities 
 of head and heart that had ever distinguished 
 him. 
 
 l)avid H. Jerome, the tiltecnth governor of 
 the State of Michigan, was born in November, 
 1829, at Detroit. At the death of his father, 
 wliicii occurred when he was ain infant, his 
 motlier removed io and settled in St. Clair 
 county, vvhere Mr. Jerome was educated. In 
 185:5 ho went to California and located there a 
 claim which proved to be worth millions of 
 dollars. He projecti'd the tunnel and con- 
 structed it for six hundred feet in the moun- 
 tain towards the mine. In 1854 he settled in 
 Saginavv and engaged in mercantile pursuits. 
 In 18(52 he was appointed by Governor Elair 
 and authorized to raise the regiment ai)poi'- 
 tionod to the Sixth Congressional District, 
 and was commissioned commandant, with the 
 rank of colonel, to prepare the regiment for the 
 liold. This regiment, the Twenty-Third, won 
 a splendid record in the service. During 1865 
 and 1866 he was military aid to Governor 
 Crapo, and in 1865 was appointed a member 
 of the State Military Board, of which he con- 
 tinued a member and president until 1873. 
 In 1862 was elected to the State senate and 
 served therein six years. During his entire 
 senatorial service he was chairman of the com- 
 mittee on State affairs, and was influential in 
 shaping the policy of all the imj)ortant legis- 
 lative acts made necessary by the war. He 
 never exchanged votes to obtain aid in his 
 local bills, but treated all bills alike and loft his 
 own to be considered on their merits. He 
 helped to secure and was largely instrumental 
 in the passage of the bill creating the soldiers' 
 home at Harper's Hospital in Detroit. His 
 rare qualifications as a legislator, so usefully 
 and honorably exercised in tiie Senate, doubt- 
 less led to his appointment in 1863 as one of 
 the commissionei's to prepare a new State con- 
 stitution. He is president of the Saginaw Val- 
 ley and St. Louis Eailroad and of the Saginaw 
 Street Railway Company, a member of the 
 Board of Indian Commissioners, and trustee of 
 the Michigan Military Academy. 
 
 Josiah W. Begole, the sixteenth governor of 
 Michigan, was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, 
 January 20, 1815 ; removed with his father's 
 family to Geneseo, New York, accompanied by 
 
STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 389 
 
 a miinber of tlicir forinor shivos. lie received 
 an academic education at the Teni|)lf llill 
 Academy, (lencsco. In August, 1S30, he emi- 
 gi-ated to Genesee county, Michigan, settled in 
 liie flourisliing city of Flint, at tiiat lime con- 
 taining but four houses, and j-ct his residence. 
 I)ui-ing the winter of 1887 and 1838 he taught 
 sciiool. In 1839 commenced work on a new 
 and unimproved farm, was successful and soon 
 accumulated a farm of five hundred acres. lie 
 enjoyed the confidence of the people, and was 
 elected to various town offices, and in 18.")0 was 
 elected county treasurer, and held the oflico 
 four successive terms. At the breaking out of 
 the war in 18G1, took an active part in recruiting, 
 furnishing supplies for the armj-, and in look- 
 ing after the interests of the soldiers' families. 
 Lost his oldest .son by a Federal bullet near 
 Atlanta in 1864. In 1871 was elected State 
 .senator, where he served on the various im- 
 portant committees, draltctl the hill for the re- 
 moval of the capitol to Lansing; was a dele- 
 gate to the National Kepublican Conven- 
 tion held at Philadelphia in 1872; during same 
 year was elected a representative from Michi- 
 gan to the Forty-Third Congress; was elected 
 governor of the State in 1882. 
 
 Russell A. Alger was born in Ohio February 
 27, 183G. His parents died when he was eleven 
 years old, and the ne.xt seven years he worked 
 on 'a farm, attending school at Richfield Acad- 
 cm}' in tlie winters. He then entered a law 
 olfice, and in 1850 was admitted to the bar. 
 Ill health caused him to relinquish bis profes- 
 sion, and in 18G1 he engaged in the lumber 
 business in Grand Rajjid.s, but the call to arms 
 led him to enlist in the Second Michigan Cav- 
 alry. The next year he was wounded at the 
 battle of Hooneville, Mississip])!, and soon after 
 was promoted to be major of the regiment. 
 October 10, 18G2, he was appointed lieutenant- 
 colonel of the Sixth Michigan Cavalry, and on 
 .Tunc 2, 18G3, colonel of the Fiftii Michigan 
 Cavalry, his regiment being a part of Custer's 
 lamous cavalry brigade. July G, 18G3, he was 
 Wfmndcd at the battle of Boonsborough, Mary- 
 land. He was engaged in sixtj'-six battles and 
 skirmishes. lie was brevctted brigadier-gen- 
 eral and major-general " for gallant and mer- 
 itorious services in the fielil." In ls(i.") tiu' 
 general I'emoved to Detroit and engaged ex- 
 tcnsivelj' in the lumber business, and is now 
 one of the largest lumber operators in the State 
 
 of Michigan, and is also interested in man}- 
 other business enterprises. Getieral Alger was 
 nominated for the olfice of Governor by the 
 Republican partj' at the State convention held 
 at Detroit August 14, 1884, and was elected for 
 the term of two years from January 1, 18S5. 
 
 The details of the Alger administration in 
 Michigan would bo but a rei)etition of State 
 records, and is yet fresh in the minds of the 
 ])eople. Those that may have formed an opin- 
 ion that because of his wealth and well earned 
 prominence he is not approachable, are mis- 
 taken. He is peculiai'l}^ free from those evi- 
 dences of false i)ride and petty weaknes.ses 
 which too often mar the character of men who 
 have ri.sen from the ranks to the possession 
 of power and influence. As governor this 
 marked and amiable trait of character was one 
 of tlic first to attract attention and elicit ap- 
 probation. One of his first oi-ders, simple in 
 itself and extra official, serves well to illustrate 
 this characteristic. As he seated himself in 
 the gubernatorial chair his observant ej-e 
 noted the grooves in either sideof the imposing 
 doorwaj's. 
 
 "What are those fi)r'.''" he inquired of his 
 secretary. 
 
 " Barriers." 
 . "Barriers'? What do you mean?" 
 
 '• Bars, to put u]) when the doors are open 
 to ]ir(!vent people from intruding." 
 
 " -Are those the barsover there in the cornei-'? " 
 
 "Those are the bari'iers.'' 
 
 " Made of jiine, are they not'?" 
 
 " Yes, sir.'' 
 
 " The\' w(ju1iI burn well?" 
 
 " First rale.'' 
 
 " Well, just send them down and have them 
 fed into the furnace when needed. We have 
 no use for barriers here. I am not barring out 
 the people who made me governor, and when 
 they call 1 want to see them." 
 
 One of the chief aims of Alger's administra- 
 tion was to secure the a|)plication of business 
 principles to the management of public insti- 
 tutions. To this end and with marvelous 
 rapidity of comprelu'iision ho went through, 
 mastering their details, detecting leaks ami 
 flaws, pointing out remedies and suggesting 
 changes, with a result that will be felt lor the 
 good of these institutions throughout years to 
 come. To him was largely due the adoi)tion 
 of the colUigc system in caring for the insane. 
 
390 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 General Alger possesses the bigh and rare 
 requisites which comprehend the necessities of 
 a peojile, as well as the most direct, efficient 
 and business-like way of securing them. Those 
 who know him best pronounce this power little 
 short of intuition, and concede to the man who 
 could accumulate millions in a few years an 
 executive ability rarely surpassed. One marked 
 characteristicof the governor is worthy of men- 
 tion. His gifts go with an impulsive response 
 to the appeals of hunger, nakedness and suflFer- 
 ing as they confront him in the daily walks of 
 life — liis generosity is unstinted. He meets a 
 siiivcring newsboy on his way from his palatial 
 residence to his office. Forthwith a carte 
 i/rtnc/te order is given to fit these little mer- 
 chants who need it with suits and overcoats, 
 and that practical charity has been repeated 
 by the man, whose heart may have been moved 
 us he looked back through the lapse of years 
 and saw a little lad bravely fighting back the 
 waves of povertj' as they beat against the door 
 of the home when he was the sole dependence 
 thei'e. Thousandsof his money havegono todes- 
 titutc families in the city to supply flour, coal, 
 wood and such other relief as the kindest con- 
 sideration for the suffering might sugge.st. 
 It is worthy of note that in such extended and 
 numerous business transactions he has never, 
 sued a man or been sued. As a proof of the 
 estimate in which he was held by the people 
 of Michigan, when lie voluntarily surrendered 
 the governorship at the end of one term his 
 name was urged lor the highest political gift 
 
 of the nation ; it was one of the most prominent 
 before the Chicago convention that nominated 
 General Harrison. 
 
 Cj'rus Graj' Luce, successor of Kussell A. 
 Alger, was born in Windsor, Ashtabula count}-, 
 Ohio, July 2, 1824. In 1836 he removed with 
 his parents to vSteuben county , Indiana, endured 
 the liardships incident to the pioneer life of 
 that period, attended school winters in the 
 proverbial log school house, and subsequently 
 was a student for three years at the collegiate 
 institute at Ontario, Indiana. From the age 
 of seventeen to twenty-four he worked at card- 
 ing wool and dressing cloth. In 1848 he was 
 nominated for a member of the House bj' the 
 Whigs of the representative district composed 
 of the counties of Dekalb and Steuben, but was 
 defeated by eleven majority. In 1849 he mar- 
 ried and settled on a farm in the township of 
 Gilead, Branch county, Michigan, where he 
 still resides. He has been a member of the 
 board of supervisors eleven years; represen- 
 tative in the legislature one term. State sena- 
 tor two terms, a member of the constitutional 
 convention in 1867, and State oil inspector 
 three years and a half He received the nom- 
 ination for governor by the Eepublican party 
 at Grand Rapids August 26, 1886, and was 
 elected November 2, 1886, by a vote of 181,474, 
 his chief opjionent, George L. Yaple, receiv- 
 ing 174,042 votes, and Samuel Dickie, Pro- 
 hibitionist, 25,179; was re-elected in Novem- 
 ber, 1888, and is now discharging the duties 
 thereof. 
 
HENRY DURElL, MOSES NADEAU, STEPH EN DUSSEAU. JOSEPH C N ADEAU, 
 No 3 Bow and Caotain Stroke No 2. 
 
CIIArTEU XXTX. 
 
 AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN f>l'' TIIK RIVICR RAISIN. 
 
 IX l,S(;i) tlio bout cluhsof tlie Nortliwesl or- 
 i^anizeil the Xortliwostern Ainiiteur liow- 
 iiig Association. ToIchIo, Detroit, tiie Sagi- 
 naws, Milwaukee, and Ki-ic, Penns3'ivania, were 
 represented in the rtssoeiution by regular organ- 
 ized clubs, thoroughly equipped with racing 
 boats, and all backed up by an enthusiastic 
 following from their respective towns. At 
 that time there were plenty of j-oung men in 
 Monroe aijuaticly inclined, but such a thing as 
 a racing shell had never been seen on the 
 liaisin, and the nearest approach to a racing 
 boat was a lap-streak boat about twenty feet 
 long, the "Kate Johnston," built bj' John 
 Oades, now of Detroit, and formcrl}' owned by 
 Kate Johnston, the " Queen of the Thousand 
 Islands," and had been used by her in 183S in 
 carrying provisions to her father, William 
 Johnston, who was a sworn enemy of Canada, 
 a hero of the Patriot War, for whose captui-c 
 a rewartl of S200 and 8500 was offered by 
 the governments of Canada and the United 
 States, because be and his followers had cap- 
 tured and burned the Canadian steamer, Sir 
 Jiobert Peel. This boat had been presented 
 to J. M. Sterling, her Michigan correspondent, 
 during the time of the Canadian trouble, and 
 preserved as a memento by him to the present 
 time. A number of young men obtained the 
 boat ol' him and bad her fitted out as a double 
 scull, and under the name of the "Independent 
 Boat Club of Monroe," entered the old boat 
 against the modern racers at the first regatta 
 of the Northwestern Amateur Rowing Asso- 
 ciation, at Toledo, Ohio, July 8, 1809, with 
 William C. Sterling and William Calhoun as 
 the crew. All the boatmen of Monroe at once 
 commenced to take an interest in boat racing, 
 and the 8th of July found Monroe well repre- 
 sented and all talking bout and enthusiastic on 
 the subject, and although the Independents did 
 not carry off the pi'i/o, ^-ol they made such a 
 good showing that all c^ame home coiivincod 
 
 [31 
 
 that the Moni'oc boys, with a modern bout and 
 outfit, would lake a leading position in ui|Mulic 
 sports. 
 
 The interest in boating increased the follow- 
 ing season, and in February, 1871, the Floral 
 City Boat Club was organized, an<l they pur- 
 chased their first boat, a six oared lap streak, 
 the" Atlanta," and fitted upa club room in the 
 Stoildard building. 
 
 In 187.'3, with the assistance? of the newly- 
 formed club, the Amateurs, two local regattas 
 wen; held, the great attraction in each being 
 the races between the "Atlanta" of the Florals 
 and the new boat of the Amateurs, the" T. N. 
 Perkins,' a four-oared lap-streak. The " Per- 
 kins " carried off the honors in liolh regattas, 
 and from that time on was always able to hold 
 tlu! flag as the fastest boat of her class on the 
 Ivaisin. 
 
 1 n Jaiuiuiy, 1S74, tiie (-lub moved into the 
 rooms over Dansard's bank. They were hand- 
 somely frescoed and tastefully fui-nisbed. In 
 May they purchased the four-oared paper cox- 
 swain shell, " Horace T. Conant," and as .soon 
 as it was warm enough all the 3'oung men 
 about town^'cnt into training. Cigars and to- 
 bacco were put aside until "after the regatta," 
 and there was a constant compari.son and meas- 
 uring of biceps, and strife among the boys for 
 the honor of being one who should be counted 
 worthy to be in the racing crew, and the fine 
 points, staying qualities and pluck of the pros- 
 poclivo crew were discussed on all sides. The 
 Ijoating craze took possession of the whf)le 
 population, and everyone under fbrty-fivo had 
 to row, be able to talk boatand regatta fluently 
 or be set down as an old fogy. 
 
 July 22, 1874, found the Floral City crew at 
 the Northwestern at Toledo, ready to con- 
 test for the prize for junior four-oared shells, an 
 enthusiastic following, including many of the 
 belles of Monroe, all wearing the colors of the 
 ['Morals. They carried off the honors in that 
 
302 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 contest, and that victory gave a great impetut^ 
 to aquatic sports in Monroe. 
 
 The Fhiral Cit}' club sent a four-oared crew 
 to the Watkins association races i)i 1878 to 
 contest for the championship of America, the 
 winning crew to bo sent, at the expense of the 
 association, to Enghmd and France to contest 
 with the best crews there for the championship 
 of the world. They made a good showing in 
 the first heat, but the Sho-wae-cae-raettes with 
 their " get thar "' stroke, as they called it, were 
 too fast for tiiem and won the heat. 
 
 In 1S77 thej- purchased a six-oared cedar 
 slicll in Detroit; sent two six-oarod shell crews 
 to tlio Nortliwostern in this boat, and both 
 times tlicir boat was disabled and they were 
 unable to finish. 
 
 The}' also sent a crew to the great regatta 
 held at Saratoga by the JSIational Association in 
 1879, and have been represented in the North- 
 western Amateur Rowing Association since 
 1876 by J. C. »Sterling, who is now a member 
 of the executive board and has held the office of 
 president, secretary and treasurer. Hon. H. A. 
 Conant was secretary and treasurer in 1877, 
 and Alexander Grant was for several years a 
 member of the board. 
 
 A great many amateur theatricals wore given 
 by the Florals for the jmrpose of raising funds 
 to purchase boats, and were successful in every 
 way. The Florals had about two thousand 
 tlollars invested in racing boats. In 1880 their 
 boat house was blown over by a cyclone. 
 Theirboats were then stored in a warehouse at 
 the dock, and all destroyed in the groat fire of 
 1883. 
 
 Honors won at regattas of the Northwestern 
 Amateur Rowing Association by Floral City 
 Boat Club : 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, July 22 and 23, 1874— Junior 
 four-oared shells; five entries; crew, VV. C. 
 Sterling (stroke), J. C. Sterling (Xo. 2), A. R. 
 Wing (No. 3), C. Kasselman (bow); W. P. 
 Sterling (coxswain); distance, three miles: 
 time, 22:14!. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, July 4, .5 and 0, 1.S7G— Junior 
 four-oared shells; seven entries ; crew, Chai-les 
 Iloyt (stroke), J. F. (Irant (No. 2), George S. 
 Wiiletts (No. 3), W. P. Sterling (bow) ; dis- 
 tance, three miles; time, 20:22. 
 
 Detroit, August 17 and 18, 1877 — Junior 
 ibur-oared shells; six entries; crow, F. G. 
 JUilkley (.stroke), G. K. Bulkley (No. 2), Alex. 
 
 Grant (No. 3), Oliver Johnson (bow) ; distance, 
 three miles ; time, 19:48. In this race the 
 Florals made the best time over made over a 
 three-mile course by a junior four, 19:48, and 
 this record has never been equaled or lowered. 
 The shell, " Horace T. Conant," re-rigsred with- 
 out coxswain, was used in the last two races. 
 Junior Double Scull — Five entries ; crew, Joe 
 C. Sterling (bow) and James F. Grant (stroke); 
 distance, two miles; time, 16:31. 
 
 The Amateur Boat Club was organizetl in 
 August, 1872, and pui-chased thS four-oared 
 coxswain lap-streak, " T. N. Perkins," of La 
 Chapelle, of Detroit. The following year the)' 
 jjurchased of the Detroit Boat Club a four- 
 oared shell, and in 1874 a four-oared coxswain 
 shell of Fl Waters & Sons, twenty-two inches 
 by forty-three feet. These two shells they sold 
 to the Sho-wae-cae-mettes,\vho refitted the last 
 mentioned boat (after using it in one race at 
 Toledo) without coxswain, and in this boat the 
 "Sho'es" won all their victories. In 1875 the 
 Amateurs obtained a new four-oarcd paper shell 
 of Waters & Sons, tlie " Jennie E. Thompson," 
 and H. W. Waldorf, vice president, presented the 
 club with a fine single'shell, and with this boat, 
 " George BoLsby, Jr.," the Amateurs at the 
 regatta of the National Association, held at 
 Newark, Now Jersey, won the junior single 
 shell race. Distance, one and one-half miles 
 straight away ; time, 9:40. This was the best 
 time ever made in that class up to that time. 
 Frank Sterling trained a crew in the " T. N. 
 Perkins," which was called the "French Crew," 
 and for several years were the champion barge 
 crew of the Raisin and also a crew that prom- 
 ised to rival the celebrated " Sho'es." They 
 were entered in the six-oared shell race at 
 Detroit in 1879, and in the race out-rowed all 
 contesting crews, coming in far ahead of them 
 all, but wore not awarded the race on account 
 of having turned the stake the wrong way. 
 
 The Babes in the Woods organized in June, 
 1873. Their only club boat was an old-fash- 
 ioned hi])-strcak single scull, the " Medora," 
 twenty iuchcs by thirty feet, formerly owned 
 by W. 1). Morton, of Detroit, and presented by 
 him to J. C. and W. C. Sterling, who fitted her 
 out as a double scull, and was again refitted by 
 the Babes for a four-oared lap-streak. In the 
 first regatta given by the River Raisin Navy 
 Sci)tcmber 2, 1874, the ]5abcs in the Woods 
 in the " Medora," witii a crew composed of 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 3i».'i 
 
 Norman Perkins (stroke), A. V. Diftoiibiiugli 
 (No. 2), W. Waldorf (No. 3), and \V. P. Ster- 
 ling (bow), defeated the Floral's " Atlanta " and 
 .Vniateurs' '■ Perkins" with their best crews in 
 a race of three-quarters of a mile and return. 
 Time, 9:57^. The Babes were finally consoli- 
 dated with the Amateurs. 
 
 The Sho-wae-cae-mettes (the Indian for 
 " lijihtniug on the water ")Boat Club was form- 
 ed in August, 1874, and commenced to row in 
 the old (our-oared cedar shell, " Lunetta," and 
 in 1875 they purchased of the Amateurs a four- 
 oared paper coxswain shell, the " Chas. G. 
 Morris," and commenced to train for the com- 
 ing regatta of the Northwestern Amateur 
 Rowing Association at Toledo in August, with 
 George Bolsb}-, jr. (bo.*), Joe Nadeau (No. 2), 
 Moses Nadeau (No. 3), Steve Dus^seau (stroke), 
 and Lewis Godfrey (co.xswain). Shortly' be- 
 fore the regatta Joseph Nadeau was taken 
 sick and Anthonj- Schaub was put in his place. 
 Although the " Sho'es" and Floral City's were 
 the only crews in the race with co.xswains, yet 
 the " Sho'es "' carried off the prize in the junior 
 four easily*. There were nine entries in the 
 race, and the best crews in the association were 
 represented. The " Chas. G. Morri-V was rc- 
 rigged as a four-oared shell (without co.xswain), 
 and was used bj" them in all their great contests. 
 The space allotted in thi.9 book is too small to 
 give any account of the numerous aquatic 
 honors (except the Watkins and Henley races 
 hereafter mentioned) carried off by the Sho- 
 wae-cae-mettes. But the following list of 
 honors won by them in the regattas of the 
 Northwestern Amateur Rowing Association 
 ami the National Association of Amateui' Oars- 
 men, without mentioning the numerous races 
 won at home and at regattas held by clubs in 
 different parts of the country, will give the 
 reader .some idea of the position they held and 
 maintained in aquatic circles before going to 
 England. The crews were composed as follows : 
 In 1876, George Bolsby (bow), Joe Nadeau 
 (No. 2), Moses Nadeau (No. 3), Steve Dusseau 
 (stroke); 1877, Moses Nadeau (bow), Joe 
 Nadeau (No. 2), H. Durell (No. 3), Steve Dus- 
 seau (stroke) ; 1878, same crew as in 1877. 
 
 The following is a list of races won at re- 
 gattas of the Northwestern Amateur Rowing 
 Association by the Sho-wae-cae-mettes : 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, 1875 -Junior f<>ur-oarcd shells; 
 nine entries; distance three miles; time, 20;48. 
 
 Toledo, Ohio, 1S7{!— Senior four-oared shells; 
 six entries; distance, three miles; time, 18:25. 
 Open to all four-oared shell race — Four entries; 
 distance, three miles; time, 18:30]^. 
 
 Detroit, Michigan, 1877- Senior four-oared 
 shells ; four entries ; distance, three miles ; 
 time, 18:37i Junior single sculLs — Fleven en- 
 tries ; Moses Nadeau ; distance, two miles ; time, 
 17-38. 
 
 Prizes won at regattas of the National Asso- 
 ciation : 
 
 Detroit, 1877 — Four oars; "Detroit Boat 
 Club Cup;" time, 18:4G ; distance one and one 
 half miles and return. 
 
 Watkins, 1878 — Same prize and distance; 
 time, 18;44i. 
 
 The " Detroit Boat Club Cup " was a chal- 
 lenge prize, and in 1879 the Detroit's changed 
 the race from a foui--oared to a six-oared shell 
 race. 
 
 On May 24, 1878, the Sho-wae-cae-mettes and 
 Floral City crew s left Monroe for Watkins. New- 
 York, to contest in theWatkinsrcsrattato be held 
 on Seneca Lake on the 28th. The winners of 
 the test race were to be sent to England and 
 France at the expense of the Watkins associa- 
 tion. The "Shoes'' were also to contest for 
 the challenge cup of the National Association. 
 
 Notwilhslanding the objections iutcrposod 
 by the Atalantas, the Watkins regatta com- 
 mittee decided to adhere to their programme, 
 and have the test races rowed in hi;ats. For 
 this race there had been originally nine en- 
 tries, but two of the crews, viz., the Emeralds 
 of Saginaw and the Eurekas of Newark, fail- 
 ing to put in an appearance, the remaining 
 seven drew for position. The result was that 
 the Atalantas, Carmans and North westerns 
 were to contest the first heat; and the Sho- 
 wae cae-mettes, Florals, Watkins and Zephyi-s 
 the second. Our space limits us to a detailed 
 description of the races participated in by- 
 Monroe clubs. 
 
 Sufiice it to say that the first heat was won 
 by the Atalantiis in gallant style in the re- 
 markable time of 7:22. The following descrip- 
 tion of the second heat is taken from the New 
 York Times and is accurate in every detail : 
 
 " The water bj' this time was as smooth as 
 could bo desired, and as the three crews— the 
 Zephyrs went home this noon — pulled to their 
 buo^-s, it was evident they were in for a 
 beautiful race. Inshore lay the Sho-wae-cae- 
 
394 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 incttes, svvurtli}', wiry, and eluil in gaudy rac- 
 ing costumes of red, whiti? ami blue. Moso 
 Nadeau was in tlie 1>()W, and willi iiim wei'c J. 
 Nadeau, \V. 11. Dnrell, and 8. Dusseau. The 
 Floral ('ity'.s, from tlie same town as the in- 
 shore crew, were No 2. 'I'hey \\ ere dres.sed in 
 red from head to toot, and were easily dislin- 
 guishahle in the twilight. At the outer huoy 
 lay tlie Watkins ei'ew, full ol' hope and |)Iuck. 
 
 '•At 7:45 the woi-<l 'go ' was given hy Ci)urt- 
 iic\', and the crews wei'c off. They made u 
 pretty start, the h'loral City's getting off a trifle 
 the <|uiid<est. l'"or the first quarter the}' kept 
 well togi'lher and all pulled a stroke of forty ; 
 then the Sho-waecae-mcttes hugged the bank, 
 and tiie Watkins men kept well out. Tlie 
 Floral ("Iiy's kept a straight coui'se and gained 
 a. lead i)t about a length. ()p])Osite the powder 
 house, marking the half mile, Nadeau gave one 
 of his peculiar yells, resembling a sharp bark. 
 Dusseau responded willi a stroke of forty-four, 
 and the big boat of the Sho-wac-cae-niettes 
 went spinning to the front. The Floral City's 
 quickened to forty-two. bul at the last quarter 
 both their competitors were leading them. On 
 the outside the Watkins men were pulling rag- 
 gedly a stroke of thirty-four, and ap]ieared 
 gone, but the}- someliow managed to hold their 
 own, and it was only after anotlicr yell from 
 Nadeau that his men made the effort that sent 
 them over the line winners in 7:3G^, bj- three- 
 quarters of a length. Tlie Floral City's were 
 third, by two lengths. The Sho-wae-cae-mcttes 
 were as fresh as daisies after the race, antl 
 pulled out into the lake to cheer their pluclcy 
 opjjonents. " 
 
 Now came the tug of war. Which crew 
 should represent America at Henley, Sho-wae- 
 cae-metles or Atalantas'? Both crevvs were 
 determined and both confident, and the greatest 
 aquatic struu'gle that ever took place was at 
 hand. Owing to the fact that the water of 
 Seneca Lake was invariably rough after ten 
 A. M., it was decided by Mr. Courtney to hold 
 the final heat at half-|.)ast five Saturday morn- 
 ing. The time di-evv near and everything was 
 auspicious: as the signal gun boomed out the 
 boats took their position. With no loss of time 
 the word was given and the boys bent to their 
 oars, Atalanta pulling thirty-five and Sho- 
 wae-cae-mettes forty. No decided advantage 
 was gained by either crew, the Atalantas bend- 
 ing their broad backs to the work as they 
 
 never had done before ; the Slio wae-cae-mcttes 
 working witii a will, and watching their oppo- 
 nents as a cat watches a mouse. 
 
 Half the course passed and neither crew has 
 gained a foot of advantage. 
 
 The numerous friends of the New York crew 
 shout wildly from the judges' boat, leaningout 
 over the rail, while the Sho- wae-cae-mettos 
 labor without a word of encouragement. Fi- 
 nal Ij^ the grand stand is neared, the boats are 
 still neck and neck, suddenly froui the shore 
 the Monroe boys give shouts that echo back 
 from the opposite hills — those w'ho have voices 
 left, shout encoui'agement, entreaties, throats: 
 " Pick her u]i, Steve !" "Joe!'' "Mose, ))ut her 
 on, old bo}- ! " '' Sho-wae-cae-mcttes I " Those 
 who have lost their voices in (lie pievious 
 race, blow fish horns, and the whole crowd run 
 along the bank, tumbling over the ro(dvs and 
 bushes and behaving like mad men. Hall' way 
 past the grand stand the boats arc still abreast. 
 As the shouts reach the" Shoes," they straighten 
 to their w^ork and pulling forty seven strokes, 
 fairly leap their shell out of the water. Ata- 
 lanta may give up the ghost now, as far as this 
 race is concerned; the pluck-y Monroe boys 
 walk ijust them like a flash, and cross the line 
 fully a length ahead. Time, 7:17. 
 
 Reaching the shore the victors are faiidy 
 dragged from their boat by their enthusiastic 
 friends, and the w-onder is that they are not 
 torn limb from limb in their exuberant joy. 
 
 Having won this race the Sho-wae-cae mettes 
 have won the greatest distinction attainable by 
 any boat crew in America. If they win at 
 Henley, they will have reached a pinnacle be- 
 yond which no oarsmen in the world can go. 
 
 The three-mile race for the National Chal- 
 lenge cup, which the Sho-wae-cae-raettes held 
 last year, and additional heavy gold badges 
 offeretl by the Watkins people, took place at 
 about ten o'ch^ck Saturday morning. The 
 Watkins crew were tired, the Atalantas dis- 
 gusted, the Carman and Zeph3r crews had gone 
 home, and at the call foi- the boats three only 
 drew up to the line. 
 
 All Western crews, all Michigan crews, and 
 two of them Monroe crews : The " Sho'es," the 
 Florals and the North westerns.- This race was 
 to be a mile and a half and return. The North- 
 westerns in thcii- uniforms of white, had the 
 outside buoj- ; the Sho wae-cae-mettes, who 
 showed no signs of fatigue after their hard 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OK THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 30- 
 
 strugjflo in the iiKiriiiiig, hail the middle posi- 
 tion, and the Florals tho inside. 
 
 At ihe word go the twelve oiirs struck the 
 watei- simultaneously, the PMorals taking a 
 slight lead, Sho-wae-cae-mettes second and the 
 Northwcsterns last. For half a mile the Florals 
 gradually forged ahead and at the end of that 
 distance had a lead ofacleai- length and a half, 
 pullinga stroke of forty to the minute. The 
 Sho-waccae mette and Northwestern crews 
 pulled nearly abreast, it being evident that the 
 former were holding their strengtii in reserve, 
 while the latter crew was pulling as hard as 
 the}- knew how. Occasionally the Sho wae- 
 cae-mcttes amused themselves by leading the 
 Saginaw men a length, and then cheering them 
 vociferously as they spurted to regain their lost 
 advantage. At the mile buo3-8 the Florals still 
 held their lead, pulling regularly and in good 
 style, while the Sho-wae-cac-niettes toyed with 
 the tai'dy Northwesterns, showing that they 
 were not by any means doing their best. 
 When within an eighth of a mile of the turn, 
 the sinewy Sho'cs with a good spurt pushed 
 past the Florals, and turned the slake and 
 started for home just as the Florals commenced 
 to turn. The latter crew had just begun to 
 straighten away on tho home stretch, starting 
 off in good shape, and with lots of reserve 
 strength for the finish, when a loud crack was 
 heard, and one of the outriggers broke, the 
 rods falling into the water of the lake. This 
 of course throw them out of the race, very 
 ranch to their disappointment, as they were 
 capable of maintaining a good second position. 
 The rest of the struggle lay with the North- 
 westerns, who, though pulling pluckily, fell 
 behind rapidly. As the Sho'es approached the 
 ■grand stand, being about ten lengths ahead, 
 they ceased rowing, and waving their hands in 
 the air, shouted cheers back to the men in 
 ■white. Finall}-, laying to their oars, the Mon- 
 roe boys spurted to the end at a forty-five 
 stroke, passing the line in 18:4G, with their 
 opponents several lengths behind. This race 
 concluded the programme of the regatta, and 
 as the Sho-wae-cae-mettes reached the shore, 
 they were met by the Watkins band, which 
 escorted them to their boarding-house j)la\'ing 
 a triumphal march. 
 
 The Carman crew of Washington Heights 
 paid the Florals, Sho-wae-cae-mettes and other 
 crews the compliment of an instrumental sci'e- 
 
 nadc. Just befoi'c tlicir dojiarliii-c. Tiiis club 
 is composed of very fine, gentlonianl}- fellows, 
 who gave ample proof of their ability to row a 
 jilucky race. 
 
 The Sho-wac-cac-mettc crew sailed. on tho 
 Anchor Lino steamer "Aisatia" for England 
 June -Ith, with E. 1). Price as manager, and 
 John L. Ilutfman as substitute. A large dele- 
 gation of boating men accompanioci them to 
 the steamer to bid them farewell and wish 
 them bon voyage. They landed at Southamp- 
 ton. The London and Southampton Railroad 
 Company placed a salon carriage at their ser- 
 vice and conveyed them to Jiondon free of ex- 
 pense. Tliey arrived at Jlenley June 2((tii. 
 The following are cli])pings from lettei's of Mr. 
 Price, describing the course, regatta, race, etc. 
 
 "A path extends along the bank of the 
 Thames from the start to tho finisli of tho ro 
 gatta course, the stalling point being about a 
 mile and five-sixteenths down the I'ivor from 
 Jlcmenhara Island, a little strip of land u])on 
 which stands a large white pagoda. For aiiout 
 a mile the course is straight and then there is 
 a sharp turn to the le(t. Tiiis is believed to 
 make a serious difference in the position of the 
 boats, and it is generally believed among oai-s- 
 men and towns]ieo])le that the cre.v luck}- 
 enough to draw the inner position numbering 
 from the Berkshire side has an advantage of 
 noarl}- twolengtlis over an opponent. Alter four 
 o'clock in the afternoon hundreds of ])eople 
 line this pathway all the way from start to 
 .finish and the 'coaches,' mounted upon liorsc- 
 back, gallop along the river's edge shouting 
 out instructions to their crews while practic- 
 ing. The ' coaches' are genei-ally professional 
 watermen. Sadler, ex-champion of England, 
 is here with the Jesus College crew of Cam- 
 bridge. He is a tough-looking, broa<l-shoul- 
 dei'cd, gi-ay-headed little man, and was a tol- 
 erably good oarsman before he became old and 
 ' stale.' 
 
 " At the east end of the bridge, on tho Berk- 
 shire side, is a spacious and well-fitted boat 
 house, owned by the Henley Ro^al Regatta 
 Association, and set apart lor the exclusive 
 use of crews entered for annual competition. 
 Here may be found a vast number of eight and 
 four oared shells and single sculls, and goner, 
 all}' a large attendance of oarsmen attired in 
 fanciful suits of bright-colored flannel. 
 
 "H style alone wouhl win a b(xit race, the 
 
3<)6 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 oarsmen of England could never be beaten. 
 Any prediction concerning the coming contest 
 for the Stewards' Challenge Cup would be 
 hazardous now, inasmuch as the decisive re- 
 sult will he known in America before the 
 arrival of this letter. I may say, however, 
 that the preliminary work of the Sho-wae- 
 cae-mettes inspires one with increased confi- 
 dence in the superiority over any four now 
 here, and the London crew is the only one to 
 hear from. The bronzed cheeks and hardened 
 muscles of the Michigan oarsmen are in marked 
 contrast with the pale faces, while ai-nis and 
 more aristocratic appearance of the English- 
 men, especially the college fours. The English 
 crews all pull in good form, and some of them 
 dash off with a thirty eight or forty stroke, but 
 they do not long maintain it. I think that 
 some of the fours iiere, especially Jesus College 
 and Kingston, can row a mile very fast, but I 
 doubt whether they will stand the strain of a 
 hard, desperate race from the start to the 
 finish, such as the Sho-wae-cae mettes are sure 
 to give them. As yet the Monroe crew have 
 been disguising their work as much as possi- 
 ble, never pulling above thirty-eight. On the 
 Monday previous to the regatta, the time for 
 making objections then havitig expired, they 
 will let out a few stitches and perhaps com- 
 mand more respect. Among themselves the 
 English scoff at the idea of an American crew. 
 When addressing an American, or aware that 
 one is within ear.-ihot, they are vastly compli- 
 mentary, and ' really 'ope that the Hamerieans 
 will win, after coming so far, you know.' " 
 
 "If the great American public imagine for 
 an instant that their aquatic representatives 
 did not come out of the struggle with credit 
 they should be undeceived in that respect. 
 The five men who toiled so stubbornly and 
 desperately to maintain their national honor 
 upon the Thames deserve no word of reproach, 
 no feeling of ill-will. They came thousands of 
 miles to face the best oarsmen of the United 
 Kingdom, upon their own lavorite course, at 
 the most important of the scores of regattas an- 
 nually held in England ; they came handicap- 
 ped by insufficient time for recuperation and 
 preparation, and crippled bj- the insidious cli- 
 matic intliicnees of ii strange countrj^ ; the}' 
 won more than half the battle, and finally, 
 when the coveted trophies of the victory were 
 almost witiiin their grasp, they saw them 
 
 snatched away, their di8:i])pointnicnt being 
 embittered still more by the realization that 
 accident was the cause of defeat. 
 
 " The regatta was unquestionably a very in- 
 teresting event, although but few of the races 
 were closely contested. The attendance was 
 large, and noted for the aristocratic character 
 of its composition. My lord and my lady were 
 to 1)0 seen upon every band ; the massive bridge 
 and its approaches were packed with luxurious 
 carriages, whose elegantly attired inmates 
 sipped seductive beverages and discussed 
 choice salads, served by liveried footmen ; the 
 grand stand, resplendent with the royal arms 
 and a profusion of showy flags, had a high- 
 toned occupant for every upholstered seat; the 
 lawn in front of the old Eed Lion was crowded, 
 and the broad meadow upon the Bei-kshiro 
 side, from start to finish of the course, 
 was alive with people, chiefly of the middle 
 classes, together with scores of the pictur- 
 esquely clad boating men who raced along the 
 water's edge, cheering on their respective 
 crews during the contests. Interspersed with 
 all these were mountebanks, Irish vocalists, 
 Cockne}' minstrels with blackened faces, 
 thrumming the banjo and trying to palm 
 themselves off as negro singers; old women, 
 men and boys peddling fruits, programmes 
 and cigar lights; beguars beseeching for 
 alms; beery laborers importuning for 'six- 
 pence to drink j'our 'ealth, sir,' but with all 
 these no disorder, no disturbance, nothing to 
 mar the pleasure and success of the affair. 
 
 " But it was upon the water that the most 
 brilliant spectacle was presented. Anchored 
 along the Bucks side of the stream were 
 numerous little steam launches, gaily deco- 
 rated with flags of all nations, including the 
 Stars and Stripes, while the narrow Thames 
 was literally covered with hundreds of pleasure 
 boats, loaded with richly attired ladies and 
 their escorts, shooting about in every direc- 
 tion and literally obscuring the course, until 
 one unfamiliar with the management of aff'aii's 
 could scarcely believe that a race could be 
 possible. But, fortunately, the management 
 was characterized by a promptness and pre- 
 cision entirely unknown in American regattas. 
 In one corner of the grand stand was a 
 carpeted division, furnished with desks and 
 arm-chairs, set apart for the secretary and 
 stewards. Here the veteran secretary, Charles 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 397 
 
 Towsow of .Mai'ifatu — wlio has liild liis office 
 since tlie Henley Regatta Association was or- 
 ganized, thirty nine years ago, and lias never 
 missed a meeting — watclicd through a jjower- 
 ful glass (or the start of each heat. When it 
 was eflected he waved a red flag as a signal to 
 a ilistaut gunner. The cannon sounded, and 
 instantly, as if by magic, the mj-riad of small 
 boats darted inshore and lelt the course clear. 
 The care of the course was intrusted to Mr. 
 Ijurd and liis Thames Conservancy men, who 
 uei-e in small boats distinguished by red flags. 
 They were clothed witii full authority by law, 
 antl if the occupant ot a boat tailed to coniph 
 with an oi-der to move out of the wa^- he was 
 instantl} summoned and subjected toa])Ciialty 
 of £5 or tlO. A second command is rai'ely 
 needed. There are fifteen heats the first daj-, 
 commencing at twelve o'clock sharp an<l 
 'oceurring every half hour, and the programme 
 was completed at 7:30 to a minute. The um- 
 pire never waits a minute for a tardy com- 
 petitor, and the crews, knowing that the rule 
 is inflexible, are alwa^ s on time at the start- 
 ing point. 
 
 Height. 
 
 Sloses Xadeau (bow) 6.06 
 
 Josepli Nadeau (No. 2) 5.05 
 
 Henry Durell (No. 3) ^5.07 
 
 Stephen Dusseau (stroke) ..5.U 
 
 " The Showae-cae-mettes, whose gallant ex- 
 ploits in America had won for them the repu- 
 tation of being a phenomenal crew, were not 
 quite 80 unfortunate, although thoy came to 
 grief cventuallj- Their peculiar rapid stroke 
 is so tliametrically opposed to all the estab- 
 lished English theories of rowing that it 
 horrified every Englishman who witnessed it. 
 For the first few days after arrival their chances 
 of success were .scoffed at, although still later, 
 when they came in day after day entirely 
 fresh and had accomplished the course on a 
 trial in 7;52, the natives began to entertain 
 considerable resj)ect for them and wonder if 
 there might not be something in the strange 
 style alter all. From the first fortune seemed 
 to frown upon the Michigan representatives. 
 In the first trial heat for the Stewards' Chal- 
 lenge Cup, the great event of the regatta, they 
 were unlucky enough to draw the Bucks side, 
 the very worst station, while their compatriots 
 from ijolumbia College secured the coveted 
 inside place. To make matters interesting the 
 
 K'culhl. 
 
 138 
 
 Age. 
 
 140 
 
 23 
 
 HO 
 
 25 
 
 UiO 
 
 2(i 
 
 Dublin four were sandwiched in the middle. 
 The latter crew was composed of hi;; powerful 
 men, including II. II. Labat, who was one of 
 the picked lour of the London Kovving Club, de- 
 feated by the Beaverwycks at Pliiladelphia in 
 187(). Dublin got the best of it at the .start, 
 but the Sho-wae cae-metles pounded awa}- at a 
 Ibrty-six stroke, until before half the course 
 "as done thej- had dr wn clear of both the 
 otiier crews. Moses Nadeau steered a beautiful 
 course, and at the bend shot acro.ss to the very 
 best possible advanta. o and was then two 
 lengths ahead. It was at this juncture that 
 Dublin, finding themselves rapidly going to 
 the rear, ran into Columbia in such a manner 
 as to indicate that the foul was intentional. 
 This enabled the Si owae-cae-metles to go in 
 at their leisure, all hough they put on a bit of 
 a spurt opposite the stand, just to entertain the 
 spectators. Columbia claimed the right to 
 row in the final heat, but the umpire, J. G. 
 Chambers, editor of Land and Water, very 
 justly refused, upon the ground that at the 
 time ot the foul their chances of winning were 
 hojieless. This victory for the Sho-waecae- 
 mettes raised them still higher in the estima- 
 tion of boating men, and although odds of five 
 to four were laid against them for the final 
 heat with London next day, there were not a 
 few wlio believed they would beat the crack 
 English four, and not only believed but hoped 
 it, for their dashing style had won for them 
 many admirers. 
 
 "The Sho-wae-cae-mettes from the first had 
 felt no fear for the formidable English crew, 
 and it was not until the morning of the 
 second day that their enthusiastic confidence 
 was .staggered by the sudden and violent ill- 
 ness of Joseph Nadeau, the No. 3 man, who 
 had rowed in everj- race since the crew's debut 
 at Toledo, in 1875, when they won with a 
 coxswain against several coxswainless crews. 
 He had alwaj-s been considered one of the 
 strongest men in the boat, while his pluck was 
 undeniable, and when he was seized with a 
 violent diarrhetic attack on the morning of the 
 decisive daj', prospects for ihe first time began 
 to look blue. His grit kept him up, liowe\'er, 
 and be insisted that he could jiuU through, but 
 the result proves that he was mistaken. Old 
 Joe Sadler, ex champion of England, who was 
 coaching the Jesus crow, and exhibited a lively 
 interest in the Sho-wac-i-ac-iiH'ttis, shuok- his 
 
398 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 head when ho saw the sick man stripping 
 for llie race and urged a witlidrawal. The 
 latter course had been discussed by the crew, 
 but Nadcau would not listen to it. It was 
 finally decided that defeat was preferable to a 
 withdrawal, which might be attributed to 
 cowardice or some improper motive, and the 
 crew pulled out, grim, determined and bound 
 to do the best they could. Messrs. Edward 
 Kanter, Johu V. Moran and T. H. Hinchman, 
 of Detroit, who had witnessed the first victory 
 of the Sho-wae-cae-mettes, and had come back 
 from London that morning to see the final 
 heat, were apprised of the condition of affairs 
 by the writer just before the race; several 
 members of the London press were also given 
 the facts, but this did not prevent them froni 
 jjublishing willfully false reports next day. 
 
 " As before, the Sho wae-cae mettes had the 
 worst, or outside position. Li their eagerness 
 they made a false start, but on the second 
 attempt the boats got off well together. 
 Gulston, of the Londons, who has ro ved hero 
 for years and knows every inch of the course, 
 kept in the smooth water inside, while the 
 Sho-wae-cao-mottes toiled against the current 
 in mid-stream. At the half mile London had 
 got a length the lead, but the Sho-wae-cae- 
 mettes, fighting desperately against fate, 
 slashed away at 44 and 46, and at the bond 
 had pulled up, inch by inch, until they were 
 less than a quarter of a length behind. Here 
 the severe strain began to tell on the powerful 
 Londoners, and they began to weaken and 
 show signs of going to pieces. Even the her- 
 culean Gulston exhibited distress, and the 
 grand form in which his men had been rowing 
 became impaired. Here it was that the Sho- 
 wae-cae-mettes had expected to win by forcing 
 the pace and rowing Jjondon down in the last 
 quarter, relying upon that superior endurance 
 which has always been regarded as their chief 
 characteristic. But for the last half mile of 
 the ter]-ibie struggle the port side had been 
 steadily growing weaker. Once before Joe 
 Nadeau had cried out that he was fiist going, 
 but his brother Moses, in the bow, begged and 
 implored of him to keep up. The plucky 
 fellow shut his eyes and struggled on, and 
 Moses, bent upon holding up the port side of 
 tl)e boat, pulled with a strength born of 
 desjiair. Dusseau at stroke and Durell, No. 2, 
 were working grandly, and so long as the sick 
 
 man kejit his oar moving, they hoped against 
 hope. But when the bend was reached and 
 the critical moment had come, the bow called 
 for more power for the final struggle and 
 Nadeau broke down. Ho made two or three 
 convulsive strokes and then stoi^ped short, half 
 blind and half unconscious. It was all up 
 then, and while London was left a walk-over 
 for the finish, Mose Nadeau and Durell slowly 
 jiaddled their unwieldy old shell up to the boat- 
 house. The three well men were good for a 
 while more of such hot work as they had 
 done, but Nadeau, faint and weakened by his 
 unfortunate condition, was completely done 
 up. There was no exj)rcssion of reproach for 
 him, but on the contrary words of comfort 
 from every source. The delight of the Lon- 
 doners and their adherents, about 200 members 
 of their club being present, found expression 
 in the most cntliusiastic manner, and the 
 English countenances which h;id been elon- 
 gated by Columbia's victory in the final heat 
 for the Visitors' cup, just previous, shortened 
 as if by magic. Among the townspeople the 
 Sho-wae-cae-mettes had a host of sympa- 
 thizers. 
 
 " Naturally enough when a crew stops short 
 in a race the great mass of spectators jump to 
 the conclusion that they are ' pumped out,' 
 and without stop))ing to make inquiry peojjlc 
 upon every hand wagged their heads and said 
 they knew ' the fast stroke could not last.' 
 Indeed, if the real cause of defeat could have 
 been generally made known, few jjorsons 
 would have believed it. Thoy would have 
 regarded it simply as one of the flimsy excuses 
 which a defeated crew is always ready to put 
 forth. Tlie ]iublic would invariably rather 
 believe the worst that can be said of their 
 fellows, and in this instance they were very 
 willing to believe that the Londoners had 
 rowed their American rivals to a stand-still. 
 Of all the p;ipers, daily ami sporting, pub- 
 lished in London next morning, onl}- two — the 
 Sportsma7i and the News — were fiiir enough to 
 even allude to Nadeau's illness as having 
 anything to do with the defeat. 
 
 "Notwithstanding the howl that was made 
 by the Turf, Field and Farm and other eastern 
 papers concerning the non admission of the 
 Sho-wae-cae-mettes, no trouble was encoun- 
 tered. The stewards received their entry, and 
 the seven days allowed for protests passed by 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 a 9 9 
 
 without a word of objection boinsj offered. Tlio 
 crew cumo backed by tiie ofliciai certificate ot 
 the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen 
 of America, and they stood ])repared to sliow 
 tlieir eiii^ibilitj' bcy<ind all question if any 
 controversy had arisen. It is but justice to 
 the young men who compose this crew to 
 state that by their own conduct they have 
 given the lie to the slanderous reports concern- 
 ing them set afloat by certain malcontents in 
 America. For tcmpei'ancc, morality, gentle- 
 manly behavior, earnest hard work, self- 
 deprivation, and rigid adherence to those rules 
 of training which they believed to be the best, 
 they have not been surpassed by anj' four men 
 who pulled an oar at Ilenlc}'. Overcoming 
 the ])reju<lico which :it first cropped out 
 against them in certain quarters because they 
 were Americans, thej' have won friends upon 
 overs' hand, and a large majority of the Henley 
 people sincerely regret that thej' could not 
 have taken home the coveted ])rize. On the 
 evening of the last regatta day the crew were 
 hospitablj- entertained by the Thames club at 
 the Eo^-al Hotel, when sevei-al compiiini'iitai-y 
 speeches were made. Capt. Hastie, of the 
 Thames club, i-eferred in high terms to the 
 pluck and gentlemanly conduct of the Ameri- 
 cans, and Capt. Gulston, of the London foui-, 
 was manly enough to saj' that they had given 
 him the hardest race he ever pulled in ins life, 
 and that for a time he felt very uncertain how 
 it would terminate. 
 
 " The Sho-wae cae-mcttes and Mr. Lee ap- 
 preciate the fact that they are onlj* themselves 
 to blame for their reverses, and that they have 
 received fair play and kindly treatment from 
 the officers of the regatta association and the 
 people of this hospitable little village, which 
 they so earnestly desire to visit again another 
 year. E. I), l'.' 
 
 The following is the comment of the New 
 Yoi-k Herald's London corresjiondent, upon 
 the Shoes defeat : 
 
 "The She wae-cae-mettes were beaten bj- a 
 'stomach' — that is to say, in the great race, 
 the race, the race in which the four Americans 
 whom most of us held to be the fastest, met the 
 unquestionably fastest amateur four in lOurope, 
 were beaten, one, and probablj' the toughest 
 and most endui'ing one of our four, going to 
 pieces in the middle of the tight. They had 
 shot to the front as promptly as usual ; they 
 
 W(n-e rushing ahead at the terribly fast stroke 
 whieli no other crew has yet pulled success. 
 fully for any such distance as they have. But 
 London, old, experienced and war^-, followed 
 tlie sinuosities of the Berks shore, kejjt out of 
 the slight current which the ' Sho'es ' could 
 only breast, and finally drawing level, began 
 to go by. Then came the call for a ' sjjurt,' 
 the sharj), shrill, unearth I \' call of the now far 
 famed ' Sweet Waters,' whieli no man having 
 heai'd could soon forget. But that 'stomach' 
 said 'no' It had been upset some hours 
 back, but its owner, Capt Nadeau, vv hose con- 
 fidence at licnley seems to have been as ireely 
 outspoken as it was at W^ukins — and there it 
 was marked — thought ho could row in spite of it, 
 and he did, and lost, lost for almost the itientical 
 cause which broke Will Simmons nine years 
 ago on the Putnej- course, before Harvar I had 
 rowed halfway. Unfortunate as it all is. and 
 especially that they cannot have another trial, 
 they must stand by their accidents on rare 
 day. The 'Sho'es' now know defeat at the 
 bands of the London four abroad, as they have 
 from the Knieralds at home. They have 
 fought gallantly, grandl}-, in a boat it was 
 a shame to let them row in, in such an impjrt 
 ant tight, and the}' have been beaten. If 
 Lontlon would onl}' reconsider, and race them 
 over the Putney to Mortlake course, that 
 would settle conclusiveh" where lies the supe- 
 riority. " 
 
 The London Tivies account of the final heat; 
 
 STICWARDS' CHALLKXGE CXV\ 
 Fix.\i. He.\t. 
 
 Xo. 1 — TJcrks — Lo.NDO.N Kowincj Club . 1 
 
 S. le B. Smith 11 J I A. Trower 12 12 
 
 K. S. Gulston 12 9 | 1''. L l^layford.— 12 2 
 
 No.2 — Centre — M()NRoE,SH0-WAE-c.\E-MKTTiiB.(,'.2 
 
 M. Xailiau 10 4 , J. Xadeau 10 (i 
 
 \V. 11, Durell 10 9 | S. Dus.scau 12 
 
 ■'This race excited (he greatest interest ol any 
 event on the programnie. The American 
 crew went off with an exlraordinarih' rapid 
 stn)ke of nearly fifty a minute. The LonMon 
 rowers, although not so fast in stroke, were as 
 speedy, and for the first half of the course no 
 advantage was gained by either. Then Lon- 
 don, keeping a little loo close in, jeopai'dized 
 their chance by grazing with sti'oke's oar a 
 projecting, grass}' point. The delay was bul 
 momentary, for their stridic was hardly put 
 out, and they went on with searcely any per- 
 ceptible lo.ss of speed. From this ]ioint the 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 race was neck and neck, and the Americans on 
 crossing were exactly abreast of London. So 
 they kept till close to the point, where London 
 crept half a length ahead, and the Americans 
 finding that, with the outside station, their 
 chance was gone, and being moreover com- 
 pletelj' rowed out with their rapid stroke, 
 suddenly stopped, to the great disappointment 
 of the spectators. As it is almost an unknown 
 thing for a crew thus to give up there was a 
 slight hiss from the bank at this seeming want 
 of pluck, but tliis was promptly checked by 
 the consideration that the visitors probably 
 did not understand the English point of honor 
 of rowing a race out to the end, and the 
 Americans were greeted with a cheer for the 
 fine race they had rowed. London received a 
 reall}' enthusiastic greeting on reaching the 
 winning-j)ost. The Americans paddled slowly 
 in with two oars only, showing how completely 
 they were pumped out. 
 
 " As a rule, the interest of Henlej- Eegatta is 
 far less upon the second than upon the first 
 day. Upon the first day there are nearly twice 
 as many events upon the card ; the excitement 
 never flags, and the I'aces succeed each other 
 so rapidlj- that the umpire's launch has to 
 return the instant one event is decided in 
 order to start the next. Moreover, the rowing 
 in the heats generally affords so accurate a 
 criterion as to the chances in the final heats 
 that tiie interest of the second day's rowing is 
 altogether discounted. Yesterday's I'acing, 
 however, sufi'ered less than usual from this 
 cause. The races decided on Thursday were, 
 for the most part, so closely contested that no 
 bi'oad distinction could be drawn between the 
 various winners. The Sculls certainly were 
 looked upon as a certainty for Edwardes- 
 Moss, but the Goblets was considered likely to 
 lead to a close struggle, while for the Chal- 
 lenge Cup and the Stewards' splendid races 
 were anticipated. In the latter race particular 
 interest was felt, not only because the struggle 
 was between the best American four and the 
 best English, but because the style of the two 
 boats was so diametrically opposite that the 
 triumph of the Americans would have been a 
 defeat of all the principles of rowing believed 
 in by English oarsmen. The London four 
 may be taken as the absolute perfection of 
 rowing. For seven years this club has held 
 the Stewards' fours without once sufi'erinff 
 
 defeat. Their style is almost faultless, and it 
 was difficult for any one accustomed to Eng- 
 lish style to believe that the Americans with 
 their short, snatchy stroke could have a 
 chance with such a crew as this. Still the 
 surprising speed which the American crews 
 displayed on the first day showed that, ugly as 
 thej' were, they were very formidable oppo- 
 nents, and although the Londons were the fa- 
 vorites the Americans found many sup- 
 porters.' 
 
 The following account of the return of the 
 Sho wae-cae-mettes is taken from the New 
 York Herald : 
 
 " The Sho- wae-caemettb crew, their substi- 
 tutes, and George Lee, the single sculler, arrived 
 in the city yesterday morning on the steamship 
 Utopia, from London. They were met on the 
 pier by the crews of the Eureka and Triton 
 boat clubs, of Newark, who accorded them a 
 warm reception, and cordially invited them to 
 make Newark their headquarters so long as 
 they may remain in this vicitiity. This invita- 
 tion was accepted, and late in the afternoon 
 George Lee and the four ' Sho'es ' went to 
 Newark. They were received with salutes 
 from a small cannon, and welcomed by a crowd 
 of people at the station. George Lee was as 
 warmlj' greeted on all sides as though he had 
 come home victorious ; and strangers strove to 
 shake hands with him as though he was an 
 intimate friend. The 'Sho'es' were also 
 heartily welcomed and made to feel at home. 
 They are strongly urged to remain in Newark 
 until the 20th, and participate in the national 
 regatta on that date, and have been told that 
 they can do so without expense to themselves. 
 They are, however, anxious to get home, and 
 are hardly in a condition to do themselves 
 credit at present, having been out of training 
 for so long. George Lee will at onCe go into 
 training, with a view to making some pretty 
 time in the coming regatta, and showing his 
 fellow-townsmen what he can do 
 
 " From Mr. Price, of the Detroit Pnst and Tri- 
 bune, who accompanied theSho-wao cae-mettes 
 to England as their business manager, the fol- 
 lowing account of their trip and the races was 
 obtained last evening. He says: 'Our pas- 
 sage over in the Alsatia was not unpleasant, 
 though several of the boys were very sick, 
 George Lee notably so. We experienced no 
 difficulty in reaching Henley, but there we 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 401 
 
 foiinil no one to meet us to help us in obtaining 
 quarters, or to assist us in any way. We were 
 obliged to finii tilings out for ourselves. Wo 
 obtained very comibrtable rooms in a private 
 house, lor which we had to pay five dollars 
 a|)ieco per week. We did our own marketing, 
 and had oai' meals cooked for us b^' a cook 
 whom we hired. Altogether our board cost us 
 ten dollars apiece per week, instead of five 
 dollars, which we had been told would be .suffi- 
 cient before we left here. The Columbia boys, 
 living at the hotel, paid twice that sum. We 
 found everything in England more e.xpensivo 
 than in America, and had to husband our re- 
 sources ver}- carefully. In traveling by rail 
 we always went third class, and even then paid 
 the same rate per mile as we do for Hrsi-class 
 passage in this country. 
 
 "' We had anticipated some possible trouble 
 in making our entries for the regatta on account 
 of the unkind articles in some of the American 
 sporting papers that had followed us, but met 
 with none whatever. Our application was left 
 open seven daj's for ol.jcctions, but none were 
 made, and we were treated with uniform kind- 
 ness and courtesy by the Henley steward.s. 
 The Henley people rather took a fancy to us, 
 too, after the first, and would not have felt 
 badlj- had we won the race; but the general 
 feeling in London, and in all England, seemed 
 to be "anything to beat the Shoes.'' We saw 
 but little of the Columbia men, though our 
 boats were kept in the same house. They kept 
 aloof from us, and seemed to desire none of our 
 company. 
 
 •''Our living was not particularly good, 
 though we had the best of everything. The 
 beefsteak that I had in the hotel to day was 
 better than any that I have eaten since we left 
 here. We were only in Henley- twelve days 
 before the regatta, and the boys had not time 
 to become properly- acclimated. In their prac- 
 tice pulls the}' lacked the vim and life that they 
 had exhibited in America, and I felt very 
 an.\ious for them. George Lee was especially 
 affected by the change of climate and diet, and 
 was bilious all tlie time we were at Henlej-. 
 His race with Mo.ss was a beautiful race, and 
 he would have had it, bej'Ond a doubt, but for 
 his own mistake at the finish, (leorge had the 
 inside position, and led Moss beautifully to the 
 end of the first mile, where the river makes a 
 sharp bend to the left. At this point he was 
 
 four or five lengths ahead, an<l we all tlmught 
 that he was sure of a glorious victory. Then 
 Moss put in the most beautiful spurt I ever 
 saw. He pulled thirty-eight, and gained I'a])- 
 idly on George. The latter hugged the Berks 
 shore very closel}', and when he stopped row- 
 ing, having, as he supposed, crossed the line, 
 he was a good half length ahead. If ho had 
 pulled three strokes more he would have won 
 the race. As it w.is, he went to the boat-house 
 and dressed, supposing all the time that he had 
 won. When told that ho had not won he was 
 nearly heart-broken, and couldn't believe it for 
 some time. Wc had been told by all the 
 Henle}' watermen thata large stump, standing 
 prominently on the Berks bank, was on the 
 line of finish, and in all practice pulls the boys 
 had stopped when opposite it. The stake or 
 post mrirking the real finish some twenty feet 
 beyond the old stump, was onlj- placed in posi- 
 tion on the morning of the race, and Lee 
 stopped when opposite the stump instead of 
 keeping on to the line of the post. Edwardes 
 Moss is an English Jew, the son of a baronet, 
 and a 8trap])ing big fellow, almost as large as 
 Courtney; but I still think that Lee did beat 
 him, and can do so again. 
 
 " 'As to the Sho-wac-cae-mettes, they beat the 
 Columbia crew easily, and can do it whenever 
 the latter want to row them. When Columbia 
 fouled Dublin the " Sho'es " were two lengths of 
 o"pen water ahead and were taking it very 
 leisurely. On the morning of the second day, 
 when they were to row against London, .Joe 
 Nadeau complained of feeling ill, but there was 
 no one to take his place and the race had to be 
 rowed. They had the outside or worse posi- 
 tion, and their plan was to keep as close as pos- 
 sible to London to the bend, and then rlraw 
 upon their own wonderlul suppl)- of endurance 
 and row the others to pieces with one of their 
 famous, long-continued spurts. Thisplanthcy 
 carried out to the end of the first mile, keeping 
 their bow tip within five or six feet of that of 
 London all the way, though London pulled 
 tremendously, running their stroke up to fortj'- 
 four, a faster stroke, as Playford said after- 
 ward, than they had ever before attempted. 
 Joe Nadeau said several times to the boys that 
 he was sick and couldn't keep up much longer, 
 but they urged him to keep on and do what he 
 could, and his brother, who pulled on the same 
 side of the boat, pulled with the strength of two 
 
402 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 men and turned tlie rudder so as to favor Joe. 
 It wasteri-ibly exciting to us on the banks, and 
 the several hundred Americans who were there 
 with red, white and blue ribbons in their 
 buttonholes, yelled themselves perfectly hoarse 
 urgiii:,' on the •' Sho'es." The bend was reached 
 with the two boats side by side, and then Mose 
 Nadeau called on his men for one of their 
 famous old-time spurts. They had taken but 
 two strokes more when Joe Nadeau doubled 
 over his oar with a groan, and began to vomit. 
 Then the race was lost, for he was perfectlj- 
 gone, though the others were as fresh and as 
 well able to pull a Hfty-stroke to the finish as 
 they were at the end of the three mile race at 
 Watkins last May. They didn't pull to the 
 finish, for Joe couldn't lift his head, and Mose 
 told Durell to stop rowing also, and he and 
 Dusseau pulled the boat home. They kept up 
 their spirits before the crowd, and made light 
 of losing the race; but afterward one of them 
 came into my room and cried like a child, and 
 we all felt pretty sore over it. As for the crew- 
 being ])umped, as some of the London jjapers 
 say they were, that is all nonsense, for, wilh 
 the exception of Joe, thej- were as fresh as 
 daisies. 
 
 " ' We staid at Henley for two or three days 
 after that, and George Lee went down and 
 took a pull over tlio four-mile course from 
 Putney to Mortlake. He wanted to enter for 
 the Winfield sculls in the Metropolitan regatta 
 over that course. Here he would have met 
 Playford, the English amateur chamjiion; but 
 they would allow none but Englishmen to 
 enter, so he was barred out. We found that 
 there w:is no steamer from London until the 
 17lh, and so, finding that I could do so as 
 cheaply as to keep them where they were, I 
 took the boys over to Paris, where we staid 
 five days. We did not meet any of the French 
 oarsmen, though I believe .some of them were 
 looking for us one day. We went to the Expo- 
 sition, of course, and enjoyed it thoroughly. It 
 does not impress one as so grand an affair as 
 that at Philadelphia, nor give one so large an 
 ide.i of the va.stness of the world's productions, 
 but I rather think there is more in it. The 
 American exhibit does not compare favorably 
 with that of European nations, except in the 
 matter of machinery; there 1 think she is 
 ahead. She is very farbeliind in her exhil>its 
 of painting and statuary-, atid if what we .saw 
 
 there is the best that American artists can do, 
 I think they had better stop painting. I see 
 by the papers that medals have been awarded 
 to two of the American paintings, but the 
 judges who made the awards must have dif- 
 ferent eyes from mine. After all, though, I 
 suppo.se it is absurd for a Sho waccae-mette to 
 pretend to art criticism. \ 
 
 " ' Well, we returned to London from Paris, 
 and sailed on the 18th. and have had a long, 
 tedious passage, with poor accommoilations all , 
 the way home. I think a strong effort will be I 
 made in the West to send the " Sho'es '" to Eng- 
 land for the Henley regatta again next year, 
 and if they are sent they will go long enough 
 beforehand to get thoroughly acclimated. I 
 am glad we went, for we have learned many 
 valuable lessons, and have had a good opportu- 
 nity to test our powers again.st the best oars- 
 men that England can produce.' 
 
 " The Sho-wae-cao mettes have brought their 
 old, well-tried shell home with them, but can 
 probably never use it again, for in transit 
 across London from the Paddington railway 
 station to the ship, it got badly wrenched and 
 broken, tleorge Lee sold his new boat to Let', 
 of Boston, and brought his old one home. It 
 was also considerably damaged in London, and 
 he sent it to Troy yesterday to be repaired, so 
 as to be ready for the national regatta on 
 the 20th. 
 
 "They all unite in condemning the lack of 
 courtesy on the part of the English oarsmen, 
 who failed to extend a single invitation of any 
 kind to them during their entire stay on the 
 other side. They sa\' that there was almost no 
 betting on their I'ace with London, as the 
 chances were considered too nearly even ; but 
 on the race between George Lee and Moss 
 there was considerable mone\' put up, with the 
 former as the favorite. By many people he 
 was afterward charged with having sold the 
 race, and claims to have been in imminent 
 danger of being mobbed. The jiresent'plan of 
 the Sho wae cae-mcttes is to leave this cit}' for 
 their homes to-morrow morning by way of the 
 Erie raihva}'.'' 
 
 The following account of their reception at 
 Detroit and Monroe is taken from the Detroit J 
 Poxt and Tribune : 
 
 " The Sho wae-cae-mettes and their business 
 manager, E. D Price, sporting editor of the 
 Post and Tribune, who returned to New York 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 403 
 
 from Kngland last ^Vedn^.^sllaJ•, arrived in tliis 
 city via the Canada Soullicrii Railway at !J:40 
 o'cloclc Saturday morning. Tiiero was no 
 formal reception, and only a small number of 
 persons, including three or four local oarsmen, 
 were pi-csentto greet tliem. Tliecrcw at once 
 took a carriage to the Russell House, leaving 
 their battered old shell in the passenger coach. 
 Daring the afternoon they were met by numer- 
 ous boating men and others, who listened with 
 interest to the story of their varied exf)erienccs 
 abroad. 
 
 "Mr. Price, who has been a niiich inter- 
 viewed young man since his return to America, 
 in a conversation with a reporter of the Post 
 and Tribune afforded considerable fresh infor- 
 mation of interest concerning the visit of the 
 Michigan oarsmen to England. 
 
 "In reply to an iiiquiry as to what he 
 thought of the Sho-wae-cae nietles' chances of 
 defeating the famous London rowing club but 
 for the sudden illness of Joseph Nadeau, he re- 
 plied : 
 
 " ' I am no projihet, nor do I believe in proph- 
 ecy, but I shall always entertain the firm 
 belief that the race was theirs but for Nadeau's 
 breaking down. Scoffed at for a time on ac- 
 count of the peculiarities of their style of row- 
 ing — a st3le diametricall}- opposed to all the 
 cherished ideas of the Knglish concerning a 
 sj)ort in which thej' deem themselves invinci- 
 ble—they had gradually won resjiect by the 
 undeniable rapidity with which they managed 
 to get their boat through the water. It was 
 also conceded that they rowed exceedingly 
 well together, despite some errors which were 
 believed to be fatal to their success. After their 
 comjiaratively ea.sy victory over the Dublin 
 and Columbia College crew on Jul}- 4, thcj- be- 
 gan to be feared as well as respected, but still 
 the prevailing opiiiion was that London would 
 beat them in the final heat. The result should 
 not be accepted as proof of the P^nglish crew's 
 superiority. Although handicapped by their 
 heavy boat and disadvantageous position, the 
 Sho-wae-cae-mcttes had accomplished all that 
 they hoped to do and even more, u]) to the 
 point where the sick man gave out. Tliey 
 were confident that if they could keep within a 
 length or so of the Lontloners for the first mile 
 they could outrow them in the finish through 
 the superior endurance which has hitherto 
 been regarded as their chief characteristic. 
 
 But when the decisive spurt was called for, the 
 half fainting man at ^o. H could do no more 
 and succumbed from sheer exhaustion. The 
 violence of his diarrhetic attack had weakened 
 him so that not even his wonderful grit and 
 pluck could keep him up an^' longer. At that 
 time there was not over haUadozen feet differ- 
 ence between the bow tips of the two shells, the 
 Londoners leading.' 
 
 '" You have heard of thea-ssertions made soon 
 after the race that Nadeau was not sick, and 
 that the Sho-wae-cae-inettes .sold out?' 
 
 ■' ' I regret to say that I have hoard of the cir- 
 culation of .such reports, and I take great pleas- 
 ure in branding as willful and malicious falsi 
 fiors the persons who gave them currency. 
 Nadeau's illness was bona fide. In the first 
 ])lace there wa.s no opportunit}- for them to 
 make money, had they been dishonestly in- 
 clined. There was no pool-selling and very 
 little betting. Occasionally a small bet of 
 twenty to twentj'-five shillings was made, with 
 the odds in favor of London, and once in a 
 while an even bet of a few pounds was effected. 
 In the second place, no pecuniary consideration 
 would have influenced the Showae-cae-mettes. 
 Thej' realized that the eyes of the whole 
 American nation were upon them, and that 
 the}" were there to uphold the iionor of their 
 country. Tlu'\- went to England to win ; they 
 were confident of winning up to the time that 
 Nadeau was taken ill, and even then they did 
 not despair of being able to pull him through. 
 There is always a certain clement read}- to set 
 up a cr}' of fraud and impute dishonesty to the 
 loser in any contest of strength or skill. Some 
 of the statements circulated were absurd enough 
 to condemn themselves. One imaginative ci'ea- 
 ture evolved the startling rumor that the crew 
 made -$20,000 by selling the race, and that 
 ])oor Joe Nadeau received 87,000 of the jilun- 
 der. Once for all, I desire to assert in the most 
 emjdiatic and unqualified manner, that the 
 Showae cac-mettes did not sell iherace. They 
 came home as poor as they went. The Sho- 
 wae cae-mettes feel indignant, and ver^- justlj* 
 so, that a newspa])er published here in their 
 own State should be contem])lible enough to 
 publish and endorse these idle, floating rumors, 
 unsupported by an atom of proof, and give them 
 still greater publicity. The men assailed woi'O 
 three thousand miles away, ignorant of the 
 im])utations cast u]ion them and ])owerless to 
 
404 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 dofond tlicmselvos. This niudo the attack not 
 only malicious but cowartlij'.' 
 
 "'What was tlie actual cost of their trip 
 abroad ?' 
 
 "'The only moncj' which they had passed 
 throuL(li my hands, with the exception of a 
 check lor §100, which the citizens of Monroe 
 scut ilircct to Mr. Dusseau, and this was di- 
 vided equally among the four members of the 
 crew and spent by them as thej- saw fit. First 
 I received $560 from the Watkius Eegatta 
 Association to defray the expenses of the 
 seven members of our jiarty ; subsequently I 
 received from the same source S190 more, 
 making a total of $750 aside from the passage 
 tickets furnished us. Out of this I paid their 
 board, travelin:.; expenses and incidentals, and 
 gave each man about $40 in spending money. 
 The much-talked-of Paris trip cost exactly 
 8104. When the Sho-vraecae-mettes left Eng- 
 land they were almost or quite penniless. On 
 board the ship I divided equally among the 
 four men of the crew the little fund of $200 
 subscribed by the citizens of Detroit, so that 
 they had $50 each when they landed in New 
 York. Contrary to the statements of the Free 
 Press and Neivs, I did not share in the distri- 
 bution of the Detroit fund. The money was 
 raised by C. P. Toll and my.self for the crew, 
 and it was paid to the crew.' 
 
 " In response to an inquiry as to whether the 
 ' Sho'es' would visit Henley again next summer, 
 Mr. Price stated that such was the earnest 
 desire of the crew, who were anxious to wipe 
 out their recent defeat. He was confid&nt that 
 if they were furnished with a suitable boat and 
 went long enough before the regatta to become 
 properly acclimated thej- could defeat the Lon- 
 don crew. They should be in England at least 
 a month or six weeks before the race. He also 
 was of the opinion that there were three or 
 four crews in America who could show the 
 Londoners the way over the Henley course, 
 and thought he could pick out one of them 
 right here in Detroit. 
 
 " The Sho-wae-cae-mettes had intended to 
 leave for their home in Monroe at 3:.0 p. m., 
 hut postponed their dejiarture until 7 i'. M., 
 upon receipt of a telegram from home request- 
 ing the delay so that preparations for a fitting 
 reception could bo completed. They desire to 
 publicly express their grateful apjireeiation of 
 the courtesy extended to them bj' the Eureka 
 
 Boat Club of Newark, New Jersey, who enter- 
 tained them for three days after their return 
 from Europe, to Messrs. Witbeck& Chittenden, 
 who entertained them at the Russell House 
 yesterday-, and to Frank E. Snow, general 
 passenger agent of the Canada Southern, who 
 furnished free transportation from Buffalo to 
 this city and thence to Monroe, and who was 
 untiring in his personal efforts to assist them. 
 
 " The Sho-wae-cae-mettes will not compete at 
 the coming Northwestern regatta in this city 
 next week, but will bo here as lookers-on. 
 They have, however, accepted an invitation to 
 give an exhibition pull over the course on 
 Wednesday afternoon. 
 
 " The Sho-waecae mette boys had a pleasant 
 ride from Detroit and arrived at Monroe at 
 8;20 I". M. They were met at the railroad 
 station by the Monroe Cornet Band and citizens 
 en masse. Everj'bod}' in the citv, man, wo- 
 man and child, apparently, was on hand to 
 give a cordial welcome home again to the 
 oarsmen who had acquitted themselves so 
 nobly since they left their native town behind 
 them in May last and set out to try their for 
 tune at Watkins. As the train moved up to 
 the depot the band played a lively air and the 
 assembled multitude shouted themselves hoarse 
 with cheering. 
 
 " Then the oarsmen were placed in a carriage 
 drawn by four horses, and, led by the band of 
 music, a procession was formed and escorted 
 them to the courthouse. The city was bril. 
 liantly illuminated and the court house and 
 grounds were decorated with gaily colored 
 lanterns. Inside the court house four chairs 
 had been placed on the platform, and to these 
 chairs the victorious oarsmen were escorted. 
 The crowd filed in and filled every inch of 
 available room in the building. Then there 
 were speeches of welcome and congratulation. 
 The first speaker was J. D. Ronan. He con- 
 gratulated the boys on their safe return from 
 their long trip, and welcomed them home again 
 among their old friends. He spoke of their 
 achievements at Watkins and at Henley, and 
 said the people of Monroe had watched them 
 with pride. He was followed by General 
 Spalding and Judge R. J. Phinney. The 
 latter spoke of their old boat, which he said 
 some had thought of not much account, but 
 which he believed just adapted to the crew. 
 He urged them not to change it, and if the 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 405 
 
 old boat was damaged beyond ro])air, to liuve 
 another built just like it. These speeches 
 wore greeted with great applause and cheering, 
 and between thcni the band played some ex- 
 cellent selections 
 
 "When the others had concluded, Captain 
 Xadcau was calle<l on for a speecli. He said 
 he was not a speaker, and could not bo expected 
 to say much. Nevertheless he wished, on 
 behalf of himself and his comrades, to return 
 heartfelt thanks to the people of Monroe for the 
 magnificent and entirely unexjjected reception 
 which had been accorded to them. His remarks 
 were applauded. 
 
 " Then the crowd insisted on seeing the rest 
 of the crew, and one by one they were called 
 up. They had no speeches to make, but in 
 response to the call simply rose and bowed, 
 and were enthusiastically' cheered as they 
 did .so. 
 
 "When the demonstration at the court house 
 had been conclud(!d, the Tiadics' Aid Society of 
 the Methodist church inviteil the heroes of the 
 day to a banquet in a neighboring hall. 
 Thither they repaired and sat down to tables 
 spread in luxurious stjde. Each of tlic oars- 
 men was presented with a beautiful bouquet, 
 and it was noticed that Henry Durell got two 
 (onewitira mysterious card attached to it). 
 These festivities were prolonged until a late 
 hour. The citizens had hitherto hu/.zaed over 
 tlie returning oarsmen until they coulil huzza 
 no longer, and now the ladies vied with each 
 other in bestowing upon them their sweetest 
 smiles.' 
 
 The Sho-wae-cao-mettcs after their return 
 home from Kngland purchased a new four- 
 oared shell. Henry Durell and Steve Dusseau, 
 at the meeting of the Xoi'thwestern at Bay 
 City, won the senior double scull race. The 
 old crew in their new boat won two races, 
 open to all, at the meeting of the Northwestern 
 at Detroit, and the o])en to all four-oarcd race 
 at the meeting of the Mississippi Valley Asso- 
 ciation at Keokuk, Iowa. They also attended 
 tlie regattas at Saratoga and New Orleans, and 
 gave exhibition pulls at numerous places. 
 They were invited to attend every important 
 aquatic event that took place, and were 
 alwaj-s royally received and entertained every- 
 wliere they went. 
 
 The Nadeau Hros. are now in business in 
 .lie city. Joe ia married and has three young 
 
 '■Shoes,' who all take to the water like ducks. 
 The oldest is nine years old, and pulls a very 
 jiretty oar and the " get there '' stroke Moses 
 Nadeau keeps his old single scull, and all 
 efforts of the fair sex to have him change it 
 for a double have been fruitless. Steve 
 Dusseau is a knight of the footboard, and 
 drives a locomotive on the Jjake Shore. He 
 is married, has one child, and lives at Elkhart, 
 Indiana. Heniy Durell lives in Saginaw, is 
 married, drives a locomotive, and has the 
 reputation of being the best " runner ' in the 
 Saginaw valley. 
 
 THE RIVER RAISIN SCULLERS. 
 
 There were a great many single and double 
 scullers on the river during the boating excite- 
 ment, and with the exception of the Amateurs' 
 single were Hat bottomed and home-made, but 
 were always an imjiortant feature of the home 
 regattas and River Eaisin Navy. The follow- 
 ing are the names of the sculls and the clubs 
 represented : 
 
 DOIHLK SCULI-S. 
 
 " White Fawn,'' Babes in the Woods. 
 
 "Cornell," Independent Scullers. 
 
 "Dolly," Floral City Boat Club. 
 
 "Little Diffenbaugh,". Independent Scullers. 
 
 SINGLE SCULLS. 
 
 "Muggins,'' Indejiendcnt Scullers. 
 
 " Time-Killer," Babes in the Woods. 
 
 "Grasshopper,". Indejiendent Scullers. 
 
 " Army Worm," ... . Floral City Boat Club. 
 
 THE ItlVKlt RAISIN NAVY. 
 
 The Iiiver Raisin Navy was organized in 
 August, 1S74, by about sixty members of the 
 old clubs and scullers for the purpose of 
 giving regattas on the river. Five regattas 
 were given, and prizes offered for shells, 
 barges, duck boats, tub races, etc. 
 
 Thefirst regatta was held at(iuyor's Island, 
 September 2, 1874, William (', Sterling com- 
 modore. Honors were awarded in different 
 races as follows: 
 
 Four-oared Shell Race— 3 entries: "Ama- 
 teurs,'' "Shoes," and "Floral City's." The 
 race was awarded to the Florals on a foul. 
 Prize, Commodore's cup. 
 
 Punting Boat Race — :}-milc and return; 
 prize, sack of flour ; L. Cooley ; time, 14:22. 
 
 Duck Boat Race— .f-mile and return, open 
 to all; prize, gold badge ; Alex. Duby; i:-i;2:)A. 
 
406 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Harn'c or Lap-Stroak Jlai'e— |-niilc and 
 return; 3 entries: Florals, 6-oared L. S. 
 "Atlanta;" Amateurs, 4 oared L. S. "T.N. 
 Perkins;" liabes, 4-oared L. S. " Medora." 
 Crew, K Perkins, stroke, A. V. DifTcnbaugb, 
 No. 2 ; W. Waldorf, No. :{ ; W. P. Sterling, bow. 
 Time — Amateurs, 10 niin.; Florals, 10:2; 
 Babes, 10:5. The Babes under the rules had 
 a time allowance of 9^ seconds, making their 
 time !):57^ and giving them the race. This 
 was the most e.xciting contest of the day. 
 
 Duck Boat Jiace — |-niile and return, won by 
 Thomas Arniitage in 14:02^. Prize, silver badge. 
 
 Double Sculls— |-miie and return; prize, 
 silver cup, presented b^' .J. 1). Roiian ; 2 
 entries," Kate Jolinston," J. C. and W. C. vSter. 
 iing, and the Babes in the " Medora." This 
 was a very hot race, and near the finish the 
 crew of the ".lohnston " quit, and the Babes 
 believing it was a concession to give them the 
 race, quit also, and the race was called off by 
 the judges. 
 
 Tub Pace— Distance, 80 feet; pi-ize, silver 
 tub ; entries, tubs " Bad Medicine," " Henry 
 WardBeccher" and " Elizabeth Tilton." This 
 exceedingly funny race was won b}' " Bad 
 Medicine," with Frank Carlisle in the tub ; 
 time, 50J seconds, the best tub time on i-ecord. 
 The other tubs collided and sunk. 
 
 Single Sculls —|-mile and return; prize, 
 silver medal, given by L. & J. F, Grant ; entries, 
 W. C. Sterling, paper shell " Baby," and A. E. 
 Wing, duck boat "Tom Collins." A. E. Wing 
 won the race by a time allowance of 10 seconds. 
 Time, 13:52.^ ; " Baby's " time, 13:44.J. 
 
 The second annual regatta of the River 
 Raisin Navy was held at Guyor's Island, Aug- 
 ust 24, 1875, Wni. C. Sterling commodore, and 
 attended by a large number of Detroit and 
 Toledo people, ta.xing " Uncle Joe's " accom- 
 modations to the utmost. The " Sho'es " with 
 their new 4-oared boat, the " Chas. G. Morris," 
 easily defeated the Amateur's new boat, 
 " Jennie E. Thompson," and the Florals in the 
 " Horace T. Conant." Time, 19:42| ; Florals 
 second, time 21:15^. The Amateurs broke an 
 oar and did not go over the course. 
 
 Junior Double Sculls — f-mile and i-eturn, 
 two entries: "White Pawn," of Babes in 
 Woods club — crew, A. V. Diffenbaugh and 
 W. C. Waldorf; and the " Cornell " of the 
 Independent Sculler!? — crew, A. N. Perkins 
 
 and VV. P. Sterling. The " (jorncU " came in 
 aliea<l, time 9:58; "White Fawn," 10:44^. 
 
 Senior Double Sculls—" Doll}' " of the Floral 
 City Club, with crew W. C. and J. C. Sterling, 
 easil}' defeated H, IbircU and C. Carselinan 
 of the Independents in the " Lillie Diffen- 
 baugh ;" time, 10:01. 
 
 Junior Single — W. C. Waldorf in ' Time- 
 Killer' defeated A. N. Perkins in " Grasshop- 
 per'' in a very close race; time, 12:06, 12:0(51. 
 
 Senior Single — This was a vei'y interesting 
 and closelv contested race, and no one could 1 
 tell which would bo in first when ten lengtlis 
 from home. " Muggins," II. Durell, time 
 11:UH; "Time-Killer^ W. C. Sterling, ll:18i. 
 
 Lap streak Race- The " T. N. Perkins," with 
 Frank Sterling as coxswain and his French 
 crew, E, Duby, H. Anteau, L. Vinier and Ij. 
 Lazette, easily defeated the Florals in the 
 (! oared L. S. "Harry C. Bulkley." 
 
 Four-oared Shells — Pi'ize, silver goblet ; 
 open to Toledo clubs. The Undines, of Toledo, 
 sent over a crack crew to row the " Sho'es " 
 in this race, and at the start the Undines took 
 the lead and at the three-quarter-mile buoy 
 the " Sho'es" passed them, they having fouled 
 the buo}'. The crowd was immensely excited, 
 and cheer after cheer went up when the 
 "Sho'es" passed the home stake some four 
 lengths ahead ; time, 19:47; Undines. 20. This 
 ended the most successful and best attended 
 regatta ever held on the Raisin. 
 
 The third annual regatta of the Rivei" Raisin 
 Navy was held at Guj-or's Island, September 7, 
 1876, Wm. C. Sterling commodore. The day 
 was dark and threatened rain. But few ladies 
 attended, and the audience was very small. 
 
 The four-oared shell race for the Commo- 
 dore's cup was virtuall}" a walk-over for the 
 Sho-wae-caemettes, and the onlj^ contest was 
 for second place between the Florals and 
 Amateurs. The Florals steei-ed wildly and the 
 Amateurs led them all the way from the stake 
 to finish ; time, respectively, 18:54, 19:47, 20:24. 
 
 Senior Single Sculls— W. P. Sterling in the 
 " Wait," easily defeated A. V. Diffenbaugh in 
 the "Go ;" five-eightlis mile and return ; silver 
 cup ; time, 11:18^. 
 
 Senior Double Sculls —Five-eighths mile and 
 return ; silver goblets. This was a race be- 
 tween the Nadeau Brothers, of the " Sho'es," 
 in the "Dolly," and George Diffenbaugh and 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 40< 
 
 C. Karsuliaiin, ol tlio AiUiituurs, in tho "Jjillii.'.'' 
 Tlic Nadeau brothers took tlic k'a<I (Voin the 
 start, and won in S:5!l. 
 
 Working Boat Kace — Tlircc entries; five- 
 eiglitiis mile and return ; gold badges. Some 
 of the strouge.st pullers on the river were in 
 this race. The " John Wahl," with Captain \i. 
 Joues (stroke) and L. Lazctto (bow), eanie in 
 ahead ; time, 12:57^. 
 
 Junior Double Sculls — Fiveeighthsniile and 
 return ; silver goblets. The '• White [''awn," 
 pulled by J. Dureli and A. V. Diftenbaugh. of 
 the Babes, easil}- defeated the " Cornell," with 
 W. P. Sterling (bow) and A. N. Perkins 
 (stroke), of the Independent .Scullers ; time, 
 9:25i. 
 
 Senior Single Sculls — Five-eighths mile and 
 return; silver cup. This was a race between 
 George Bolsb^', jr., and Joe Nadeau. of tiie 
 " Sho'es.'' It attracted a great deal of atten- 
 tion, and was ver}' close to the end. Nadeau 
 won in 10:04. 
 
 The tub race afforded a great deal of amuse- 
 ment, and was won by Johnnie Kull. 
 
 The " T. N. Perkins" and her French crew, 
 in the four-oared lap-slreak, had a w. ilk-over. 
 They were the champions in theii' class on the 
 river, and no crew could be found to compete 
 with them. 
 
 The fourth annual regatta of the Rivor 
 llaisin Navy was held at Guyor's Island, Sep- 
 tember 13, 1877, with W. 1'. Sterling as com- 
 modore. A delegation of oarsmen were 
 present from Detroit, and the steamer " Frost ' 
 brought a largo load from Toledo. 
 
 Senior four-oarod shell race was between the 
 "Sho'es" and a Floral City crew, with F. G. 
 Bulkley (stroke), G. F. Bulkley (No. 2), A. H. 
 Grant (No. 3), and O. Johnson (bow). The 
 "Sho'es" gave the Florals a start of thirty 
 seconds and did not overtake them, the 
 Florals coming in ahead; distance, one and 
 one-half milesand return ; time, 10:10 and 18:50. 
 
 Junior Double — This race was won by A. N. 
 Perkins and W. P. Sterling, of the Independ- 
 ent Scullers, in 9:42f . The Babes in the Woods 
 came in about a foot and a half behind; dis 
 tance, five-eighths mile and return. 
 
 Senior Double— Five-eighths mile and re- 
 turn. This was a race between the Nadeau 
 brothers, of the " Sho'es," and two crews of 
 the Florals. One crew of the Florals lost an 
 
 oar, and the other on the home stretch did 
 some wild steering and i-an into the side of the 
 canal and smashed their boat. The "Sho'es" 
 came in eight lengths ahead ; time, 10::!"), 
 
 Working Boat Race — The coiiteslanls piilleil 
 for all they were uorth to where the tur'ning 
 buoys should have been, but the}- had been 
 removed and the race was declared off, 
 
 ()\)v\\ to all Single— One !nile and reUii-n. 
 The starteis in this race were F. 1). Standish, 
 of the Kxcelaiors of Detroit; Moses Nadeau, of 
 the Sho-wae-cae-mettos; and W. C. J.Camjioau, 
 of the Detroit Scullers. Standish took the 
 lead as they pa.sscd the grand stand ; as they 
 took the river Campeau and Nadeau slapjied 
 oars, Campeau recovering first and taking the 
 lead, with Stanilisli second. As they rounded 
 the bend Nadeau pulled to the front, and on 
 the return they rounded the bend in a bunch ; 
 ap]>roaehing the grand stand, Standish led by 
 si.x lengths, with Campeau second and Natleau 
 a i|uarter of ainile in the rear. Standish passed 
 the line in 15:10; Campeau, 15:21. 
 
 Pair-oared Race - Three entries. The crews 
 were unable to ki'e|) clear of each other, and 
 linally two gave up in disgust, and the Indo- 
 jiendent Scullers' crow pulled over the cour.so 
 alone. 
 
 Junior Single— Five-eighthsmile and return. 
 A. V. DiffcTibaugh easily defeated W. P, Ster- 
 ling in 10:42. 
 
 Senior Single was between II. Diirell and J. 
 Nadeau, of the "Sho'es." Nadeau came in a 
 length and a half ahead ; time, 9:3*1. 
 
 The swimming race was won by Louis La- 
 zettc. The tub I'ace was most amusing ; all tip- 
 ped over and were unable to finish. 
 
 The fifth and last regatta of the River Raisin 
 Navy was held at the docks September 5, 
 1878, W. P. Sterling commodore. The fame 
 of the Sho-wae-cae-mettes had given Monroe a 
 great reputation as a boating town, and people 
 came from far and near to see the " Sho'es." 
 The grand stand was crowded, over t"0 thou- 
 sand people were on the docks, and all along the 
 river banks were boats of evei-y description 
 loaded to the water's edge with po>>)>le. 
 
 The four-oared shell race was rowed in heats. 
 
 The first ti'ial heat of the fouroared race, 
 one mile and return, was between the Floral 
 City Club and l^ndines of Toledo. It was a 
 very chjsc race and was taken by the Floral 
 
408 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 City Club, by ubouL a boat length and a half; 
 time, 14:44; Undines, 15. 
 
 The breaking of a rudder wire caused con- 
 siderable delay in the start of the second trial 
 heat of the four- oared crews, but they got off 
 well together, but the Centennials fouled the 
 Amateurs before the}- reached the first quarter 
 — the Amateurs withdrew, and the Centennials 
 finished in 14:47. 
 
 The next race was the single scull, one-half 
 mile and return, between 'VanNieman, of the 
 Undines, and Bowlsby, of the Amateurs. They 
 started off nice!}', but Bowlsby took the race 
 easily; time, 9:36. 
 
 The race next called was for double sculls, 
 one-half mile and return, between the Undines, 
 of Toledo, and the Wj-andottes, of Wyandotte. 
 They got a good start, but the Wyandotte crew 
 soon took the lead and kept it to the finish; 
 time, 7:(l9. 
 
 In the final fou roared heat between the 
 Centennial and Floral City crews, at the word 
 go they started well together, pulling— Florals 
 forty and Centennials forty-five ; the Centen- 
 nials took the lead before they got to the 
 quarter, and kept it all the way around. Just 
 before reaching the finish the Florals, who had 
 steered considei-able out of their course, ran so 
 near the barge used for the judge's stand as to 
 unship their oars, which caused them to tip 
 over. They were rescued by their friends, 
 somewhat exhausted and well scared. Time, 
 Centennials, 14:10. 
 
 The exhibition pull of the "Sho'es" was the 
 attraction of the afternoon, and when they 
 appeared upon the river they were received by 
 the spectators with a round of applause. They 
 pulled a mile with a turn in 6:30. 
 
 The six-oared race, one mile and return, was 
 between the Undine and Floral City Boat 
 Clubs. It was very close to the turning stake, 
 where the Undines " went to grass," but made 
 a quick, short turn and got away for home a 
 little ahead, on the return; about one-half mile 
 from the finish, they fouled with the Florals, and 
 by it lost considerable ground. This foul un- 
 doubtedly gave the race to the Florals. Upon 
 the whole this was one of the most exciting 
 races on the river. Time, Florals, 13:33A ; 
 Undines, 13:40. 
 
 Working boat race, one-half mile and return, 
 was won bj- Lazettc and Vinier in 11 minutes. 
 They pulled the " John Wahl." 
 
 The tub race was very interesting to the spec- 
 tatoi's. It was taken by Henry Rotcheford. 
 
 The presentation of prizes took place at 
 hrtrong's Hotel, J. D. Ronan making the pre- 
 sentation speech. The Centennials, of Detroit, 
 winners of the four oared race, were the recip- 
 ients of an elegant silver water-i3itcber. The 
 Wyandottes, winners of the double scull race, 
 each received a silver cup. The prize for the 
 six-oared race, won by the Floral City's, was a 
 handsome silver ice-pitcher. The single scull 
 prize, won by G. W. Bowlsbj", was a silver cup. 
 The prize for the working boats, two silver 
 cups, and for the tub race, a silver badge. 
 
 In the evening the visiting crews were en- 
 tertained by the Navy, and after toasts and 
 speeches by the various members of the boat- 
 ing fraternity, Mr. H. U. Soper, in behalf of 
 the citizens of Detroit, presented the Sho-wae- 
 cae-mettes with a purse of $390, for the purpose 
 of procuring them a new boat with which to 
 attend the Henley regatta next season. It 
 was a very pleasant surprise to the ''Sho'es," 
 and their secretary, Mr. D. R. Crampton, 
 thanked Mr. Soper and the citizens of Detroit 
 in words that were expressive of the heartfelt 
 gratitude of the club. 
 
 THE MONROE MARSH COMP.\^NY. 
 
 The Monroe Marsh Company was first started 
 in the winter of 1880, with tlie following list of 
 members: 
 
 George Dawson, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
 
 II. G. Jackson, Binghamton, New York. 
 
 H. J. Taylor, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
 
 Charles Ijobb, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
 
 J. B. Giles, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
 
 Chironce M. Teller, New York. 
 
 Howard Soule, Syracuse, Ne v York. 
 
 F. Brandreth, Sing Sing, New York. 
 
 George A. Brandreth, Sing Sing, New Yorlc. 
 
 Pierre Van Wyck, New York. 
 
 Robert B. Lawrence, New York. 
 
 W. B. Lawrence, New York. 
 
 Joseph C. Willetts, Skaneateles, New York. 
 
 Mathias Nicoll, New York. 
 
 Wm. Treadwell, New York. 
 
 Henry W. de Forest, New York. 
 
 J. Mack, and five or six other applicants. 
 
 On May 29, 1881, the first regular mei^ting 
 of the stockholders was held at the Globe Hotel, 
 Syracu.se, and the following officers were 
 elected : 
 
AQUATIC SPORTS AND OARSMEN OF THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 40!) 
 
 Pivsidcnt, (u'lirgo Dawson. 
 
 Vice Pivsidont, Howard Soulo. 
 
 So(.'ivtar3--Tivasiuvr, J. Bi'vans Gik-s. 
 
 J)irectors, H. G. Jackson, L. Mosos, Franklin 
 Brandri'th, R. B. Lawronce and Chark'S Lobb. 
 
 CiinimilU'o on Constitution and B}- Laws, 
 .1. B. Gilos, H. C. Symmes and H. J. Taylor. 
 
 Tlio Collowing October, 1881, a .set of articles 
 of association and rules were adopted, wliicli, 
 with certain modifications, are still in force. 
 
 The officers at prest'nt are as IdIIkws : 
 
 President, Howard Souk'. 
 
 Vice President, F. Brandretli. 
 
 Secretary-Treasurer, Robt. B. Lawrence. 
 
 Directors, Lucius Moses, Hon. H. \. Conant. 
 
 Trustee, W. C. Sterling. 
 
 The list of members is as follows : 
 
 1. Frank B. Austin, New York. 
 
 2. Franklin Brandretli, New York. 
 
 3. Ralph Brandrelh, New York. 
 
 4. Hon. H. A. Conant, Monroe, Michigan. 
 
 5. A. N. Cowden, Batavia, New York. 
 
 G. George Daw.son, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
 7. Henry W. de Forest, Ne v York. 
 H. Hon. Robt. R. Hamilton, New York. 
 9. Hon. Frank Hiscock, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 ](». Robt. B. Lawrence, New York. 
 
 11. Waltrr B. Lawrence, Now York. 
 
 12. Lucius Mo.ses, Marcellus, New York, 
 i;;. .lames Rafferty, Buffalo, Now York. 
 14. Howard Soule, Syracuse, New York, 
 l.'j. William C. Sterling, Monroe, Michigan. 
 IC. Henry J. Taylor, St. Catharines, Ontario. 
 
 17. Judge William J. Wallace, Sj'racust-, N.Y. 
 
 18. Joseph C. Willetts, Skaneateles, N. Y. 
 The original number of subscribers has been 
 
 reduced from twent3'-five to eighteen. 
 
 The company coTitrols about 2,300 acres of 
 marsh and bay shooting. The ducks embrace 
 all the best varieties. The canvasbacks and 
 redheads are killed in large numbers, sixty- 
 eight canvasbacks having been kilk'd by one 
 member of the company on one day dui'ing the 
 fall of lS8(i. Eighty-four redheads have also 
 been killed in a day by the same member. The 
 largest number of bii'ds brought in b^ a single 
 gun was one hundred and tifty-seven, in the 
 spring of 1883, and one hundred and forty-five 
 of them were lesser scaup and ring-necke<l 
 scaup. Geese and swan are at times shot ujion 
 the marsh, but are not present in any such 
 numbers as to insiiiv sport. 
 
 The company have expen<led about six 
 
 thousand dollars in >Mitable (■hil)-hon>es, situ- 
 ated upon the bordei-sof the Moni'oe slii|) (-anal. 
 The club is still 5-oung, and its history al)oul 
 that of all similar associations. 
 
 MONROE YACHT CMI! 
 
 Organized and incorpoi'ated May 27, 1887. 
 Station, Monroe, Michigan. Officers: 
 
 Commodore, Wm. C. Sterling. 
 
 Vice Commodore, So^moui- Re\ nobis. 
 
 Rear Commodore, W. C. Waldorf. 
 
 Secretary, Wing Little. 
 
 Treasurer, J. C. Sterling. 
 
 Measurer, Capt. J. W. Louttit. 
 
 Board of Dii'cetors : J. ('. \Vhi])ple, Chas. |{. 
 Wing, L. O. Goddard, R. C. Fullei', W. 1'. 
 Sterling. 
 
 List of yachts enrolled in the Monroe ^';^eht 
 Club : 
 
 Name. Oinner. Kig. 
 
 Emma G. J. C. Sterling, e^rti. Sehoonci-. 
 
 Reynolds No. 1. Seymour Reynolds. Sloop. 
 Nellad. Capt. J. W. Louttit. Fore cV" A ft. 
 
 Florence. R. C. Fuller. Cut Rig. 
 
 Re^'nolds No.2. Seymour Reynolds. Sloop. 
 L. B. Sink. Vetal Willits. Stoani. 
 
 Emma N. Capt. L. Jones. Foroc^i Aft. 
 
 Daniel Brown. Dewey Bros. Fi)rec*cAft. 
 
 Fuller. R. C. Fuller. Steam. 
 
 Beulah. John Stoncr. Fore^Aft. 
 
 John Cooper. l)iu-lo& Duval. Fore.V .\(i. 
 
 The Monroe Yacht Club joined llie Inter- 
 Lake Yachting Association, and sent yachts to 
 several regattas given l)y the association. The 
 " Reynolds No. 2," at the regatta held by the 
 a.ssociation in 1888 at Putin-Bay, carrieil off 
 the prize in her class. The " Reynolds No. 1," 
 at the regatta given at Toledo. Ohio, bj- the 
 Ohio Yacht Club in 1887, carried off the honors 
 in her class. She is now owned at Toledo, and 
 still carries the champion flag. 
 
 Mr. Seymour Reynolds and 1?. ('. Fuller 
 have been the largest ))atrons of yachtini: at 
 Monroe, and have devoted a great deal of time 
 to the study of models, and have had several 
 yachts built in accordance with ]>lans and 
 models of their own design, Mr. Fuller giving 
 his attention to steam and Mr. Reynolds to 
 ■sail yachts. Messrs. Cooper Brothers have 
 iniilt most of the yachts launche<l here, and 
 some of tliem iiave been very fast. Thc^- have 
 a fine reputation all over tlie country as build- 
 ers of all clas.scs of pleasure craft, and boats of 
 
410 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 their build are now owned and used in many 
 States ot the Union. Vetal Willits, proprietor 
 of the boat house, has l)uiit one steamer and 
 many sail and small boats. Captain Ben 
 Whitney built tlie " Fuller" for E. C. Fuller, 
 the finest steam |ileasure boat ever built on the 
 Raisin, and has IpmIK many small boats for ])er- 
 sons in Adrian and dittci'eiit jiarts of the 
 country. Ca])tain li. .lones. formerly in the 
 boat business and an old builder, in 1888 built 
 the ■• Emma N.," the finest finished, mo.st com- 
 plete and fastest boat of her class on the river. 
 
 The home sailing regattas, on account of so 
 few boats being of the same class, were never 
 very successful or interesting. But some of 
 the matched races were ver}' exciting and will 
 be long remembered by the pai'tici])ants and 
 resident boatmen. The 'Daniel Brown" in 
 all these contests always maintained her rejiu- 
 tation of being the fastest lore and aft craft 
 at this end of Lake Erie. 
 
 In a matched race between the '• Emma(i.." 
 "John Cooper" and "Reynolds," from the 
 docks in the Third ward to and around the 
 black can buoy and return, go as you please, 
 towing by tug only excepted, the crew of the 
 " Emma CI." eai'ned the reputation of being the 
 liest all-round sailors and watermen in the 
 club. The race was commenced in a severe 
 blow, and. ended on the home stretch with a 
 strong wind down the river, so that the boats 
 could not work u|). On the home stretch, from 
 the light-house to the docks, the crews of the 
 respective l)oats manned the pike-j^oles and 
 used them vigorousl3^ The tow-lines were 
 brought out and made the best use of possilde. 
 But the ci-ew of the "Emma G." capped the 
 climax by taking to the water like ducks, anil 
 towed and pushed their schooner in a winner. 
 This was one of the most novel and exciting 
 yacht races on record. 
 
 Any account of boating at Monroe would be 
 incomplete without mentioning Captain .Joseph 
 Guyoi', who lived on the bank of the United 
 States canal and gave it the name of •' Guj^or's 
 Island." He kept an inn there for the accom- 
 modation of sportsmen, boatmen and picnics. 
 His fish, duck and muskrat dinners were 
 famous, and he was never so happy us when 
 he had served a dinner to strangers or unsus- 
 pecting friends from the city, and after they 
 had eaten heartily of " his chicken," to inform 
 them that they had just finished a muskrat 
 
 dinner and that they could not tell muskrat 
 from chicken. He was known far and wide as 
 "Uncle Joe." On the arrival of a party by 
 boat he always went down to the canal to take 
 the line, and his greeting, "Bon jour, comine 
 vous porle vous," will be long remembered by 
 his many ohl friends and patrons. He was an 
 authority in all matters pertaining to hunting, 
 fishing, the habits of wild fovvl, fish, muskrats, 
 and other fur-beai'ing animals, and frequently 
 appeared before the legislature at Lansing to 
 advise them in regard to the legislation neces- i 
 sary for the protection of game, muskrats and ' 
 fish. His inn was the headquarters for yachts- I 
 men and oarsmen ; most of the local regattas 
 were held there. Three of the famous Sho- 
 wae-cae-mette crew were relatives of his, and 
 oarsmen from all parts of the country wore 
 wont to meet at " Uncle Joe's," talk boat, drink 
 a little elderberry wine, made from berries | 
 gathered on the island, and warranted to keep 
 off malariaaudall the ills of the marsh. Sports 
 men came on from the Eastern States every 
 fall to hunt, and the limited accommodations of 
 the inn were alwa^'s crowded during the shoot- 
 ing season. But finally the hunters became so .* 
 numerous that the water-fowl were hunted 
 from tlaylight to dark, driven from the marshc~ 
 and their feeding-grounds practically broken 
 uji. VVni. C. Sterling, after a fruitless endeavor 
 to get residents of Monroe interested in thf 
 enterprise, joined with a number of weallhy 
 sportsmen from the East in purchasing Guyor's 
 Island and the surrounding marshes, and estali- 
 lishing a shooting preserve. Joseph Guyor 
 sold out all his interests to the Monroe Marsli 
 Club, moved up town, and died May 5, ISSti, at 
 the age of seventy-four. 
 
 The litigation between the Monroe Marsh 
 Club and the trespassers and poachers was 
 long and bitter. The question was not con- 
 fined to the courts, but was discussed pro and 
 con. in the newspapers, and by some treated as 
 if it was the most important question of the 
 times. No small part of the voters thought it 
 a political and not a legal question, and were 
 ojiposed to any candidate who believed in and 
 favored the protection of the property rights 
 claimed by the Monroe Marsh Club. " The 
 Liberal Shooting Club," composed of some of 
 the residents of Monroe, was organized for the 
 purpose of contesting the right of the Monroe 
 Marsh Club to j)reserve these lands purchased 
 
AQUATIC SrORTS AND OARSMEN OK THE RIVER RAISIN. 
 
 Ill 
 
 of Giiyor and olln is, mid :i \:iv^e sum of inoiioy 
 was raised by the •' Jjibcral (Miib " for that 
 liurposc. 
 
 A test suit was coinmeiieed b}- William C. 
 Stei-liiiir, trustee for the Monroe Marsh Club, 
 against Charles JaeUson, representing the 
 Liberal Club, for trespass. The ]>laintiff was 
 re|)rescMtcd bj- Messrs. Grosveiior it Landon 
 and v. A. Baker, and tlie defendant by John 
 {{. Kaiich, Charles Whitman, A. C. Angell and 
 lli)t>. I. 1'. Christiancy. The suit was decided 
 in the Circuit Court in favor of the plaintiH', 
 and aiijicalcd by the defendant to the Supreme 
 Court, and was tu ice argued there before the 
 court rendered a decision in fiivor of plaintiff', 
 and then the court was found to be divided 
 three to two. The principle was established in 
 the.se suits, that the right of hunting and shoot- 
 ing wild fowl was in the owner of the .soil, and 
 seems now to be i)rctt}' generally ac(|uiesced 
 in. This case, Sterling vs. Jackson, is reported 
 in Mich. Reports. 
 
 POINT .MOUILLE SHOOTING ('LIB. 
 
 William O. Hall, (brmerly of Toledo, Ohio, 
 now residing in Monroe, in 1872 purchased 
 over two thousand acres of marsh lands and 
 leased the shooting privilege on other lands in 
 the tdwnslii]! (if Berlin, near Point Mouillc, 
 built a hunters' ludge, employed game keepers 
 and established a complete game preserve, the 
 first ever established in the Northwest. Up 
 to this time the marsh lands along the lake 
 shore had but little value and were considered 
 almost worthless, and no one seems to have 
 thought of making an\' such use of them until 
 Mr, Hall established this jireserve. The own- 
 
 ers of marsh lands soon saw that as the 
 jiopulation increased and the counti-y grew in 
 wealth these lands would have great value for 
 S)iorting purposes, and the pi-ice of marsh 
 lands commenced to advance. Mr. Hall sold 
 bis preserve in 1880 to the Point Moiiille Shoot- 
 ing Club, be being the only incmbcr who is a 
 resident of Monroe county. 
 
 Joseph M. Sterling, John L. Ilotl'inan, Ben- 
 jamin Lee, H. 'W. Waldorf and Joseph Nadeaii 
 all own tracts of marsh lands, and maintain 
 shooting preserves for their own pleasure and 
 their friends. 
 
 THE BAY POINT SHOOTINO CLIII'. 
 
 ERIE .SHOOTING CLUB. 
 
 The sportsmen and farmers in Erie owning 
 marsh lands, finding that tliey were valuable 
 for shooting purjioses and that outsiders were 
 reaping all the benefits and enjo\ing the 
 shooting, decided that they w-ould ]iut all their 
 marsh lands into one preserve, form a club and 
 protect them from trespassers, and in August, 
 1S7.S, Dr. William R. (JifTord, Joseph S. Hilton. 
 George .Stump, A. J. Kenny, James C. Potter, 
 Charles M, Rowe, Jay W^, Kenny, John Wee- 
 man, C, O, Brigham, Z. Pheatt, Geo, Hall, Levi 
 Morrill, and others met and organized "The 
 Bay Point Shooting Club " ■■ for the purpose 
 of securing suitable territoiy for hunting and 
 .shooting for the exclusive use of the members, 
 their friends, etc. " All the members owning 
 marsh lands leased them to the club, in all over 
 4,000 acres. Li 1889 this club was reorganized 
 under the name of tlio •• Krie Shooting Club. " 
 
CHAPTER XXX. 
 
 BUSINESS INTERESTS OF MONEOE. 
 
 TO write the life history of our esteemed fel- 
 low-citizen, Hon. Joseph M. Sterling, 
 woiilii be to give the storv of the rise and 
 progress of the princii>al business and manu- 
 facturing interests of the city of Monroe from 
 1835 to the present time. Up to about 1838, 
 from the peculiar advantages given it by nature, 
 Monroe was the most prominent port on the 
 lakes west of Buffalo and Cleveland, and all 
 classes of merchandise were brought by water 
 in any kind of craft to La Plaisance Bay, about 
 four miles south of Toll's dock, to which place 
 it was brought through the marsh from the bay 
 in horse boats. 
 
 WAREHOT'SES. 
 
 In 1S37 George B. Ilarleston l)uilt the 
 steamer " Alvira Smith," in which Captain 
 E. L. Haft, at the bay and Toll's dock (Dr. 
 Graham keeping the warehouse at the bay), 
 received as a Ibrwarding house (under the 
 name of Harlcston, Haft & Co.) all shipments 
 at either end, which continued till about 1839, 
 when J. Q. Adams, president of the River 
 Eaisin Bank, formed a company, or in fact two 
 companies, of which he was president and the 
 bank mostly owners, calling them the fja 
 Plaisance Bay Harbor Company, for the pur- 
 pose of biiildiui; anti operating w-arehouses at 
 the bay and dock; and the Lake Erie and 
 River Raisin Railroad Company, for the pur- 
 pose of building, operating and maintaining a 
 railroad between Toll's dock and the bay. The 
 road was built of Wooden rails laid through the 
 mai-sh on piles, the motive power being horses, 
 and with a car lor freight and passengers. 
 Great calculations were made as to the increase 
 of business which would result from this great 
 improvement, so clo.sely identified with the 
 financial interests of Monroe. 
 
 About the same time a cojjartnei-sliip was 
 forrne<l by and between A. Ivuinbei-t, W. (,!. and 
 J. M Stci'ling, under the firm name of A. Jjam- 
 
 bert & Co., and basing the price upon the pre- 
 vious year's business, rented both railroad and 
 warehouse for $1,500 per jear, and at existing 
 tariffs they expected to realize largely on their 
 rental. 
 
 This may be said to be the turning-point in 
 the history of Monroe. Up to this time there 
 had been no exports. The country being new, 
 the settlers had been compelled to import the 
 necessaries of life, and fluttering sails caught 
 the early spring and late fiill breezes on the 
 lake, and Monroe was the principal point to 
 which they made their consignments ; but in 
 1840 the most of the imports ceased, and Ihc 
 total of the exports amounted to only about 
 five hundred barrels of flour. In 1841 the first 
 products of the West came in from Adrian on 
 the Michigan Southern Railroad, being six car- 
 loads of wheat of one liunilred bushels each. 
 These were landed in Moni'oe at a ]H)int near 
 where Kurd's elevator now is, antl Patrick 
 Golden had the contract to dock the shipment. 
 As a contrast with the present methods they 
 then carried the gi'ain in bags on their shoul- 
 dei's, weighed the wheat and emptied it into 
 the bins, working till about two o'clock in the 
 morning, and when done taking their supjier 
 at the baj'. 
 
 A gradual increase from year to year lias 
 shown that with all the competition from other 
 points Monroe still held her own, as during 
 the year 1888 one firm alone exported over 
 825f),000 worth of grain. 
 
 In the spring of 1842 J. M. Sterling, Cole A. 
 Uisbrow, P'ifield & Sterling, and Morton, Birch 
 & Co. had warehou.ses, making most of their 
 shipments by lake to Cleveland and Bufliilo. 
 Bronson & Colton then moved from Conneaut, 
 Ohio, and in 1843 the La Plaisance Bay ware- 
 house' was moved to the dock, and the ship- 
 ments made throULch llie new canal, the ware- 
 house being o|KTale<l by Slolham Wing, and 
 is now ust'd as an icehouse. 
 
 [412] 
 
BUSINESS INTKRESTS OF MONROE. 
 
 413 
 
 In 1S44 ("has. Noble hiiill a warclionsc for 
 Strong iV Scolt, wliieli was used by Albert Jjee 
 ami vvas destroyed by fire in 1883. During 
 the same j-ear Noble & Sterling built what was 
 long known as the old block warehouse, and 
 niiw forms a part of the ]>hint of the Sterling 
 Manufacturing Company. 
 
 Daring the years 184:i-l Monroe was one of 
 ihelargest produce markets in this section of the 
 country and wlieat was brought in from Jack- 
 son and j)oints in Washtenaw and Ijeiiawee 
 counties, in wagons, atul what was not useil by 
 the Mdiirot- mills was sent to the warehouses 
 for shiiiim-nt to Buffalo. With the o])ening of 
 the railroad through to Chicago from the lake, 
 and the tariff being the same to boat t)r ware- 
 house, five cents per barrel on flour and thre(? 
 cents per bushel on wheal, the profits on ware- 
 housing were so reduced tliat with the excep- 
 tion of Noble & Sterling they were all discon- 
 tinued. But they had come to stay, and Mr. 
 Sterling said that for the next thirty ^-ears he 
 priijiosed to have a ]mil of fresh drinking 
 water in his warehouse oftice'on the dock. 
 
 During tlie next few ^ears, owing mainly to 
 the unsettled state of currency, nearly- all the 
 business transactions of the da}* were in the 
 nature of dicker, and in 1842-4 the flour wait- 
 ing shi])m(Mit at the dock was stored in sheds 
 and piled up, at times on account of the 
 scarcity of vessels there being as much flour 
 stored and waiting as there are now poles on 
 the yards on the dock. The track to the bay 
 was of the hardest kind of wood that could be 
 procured. 2x4 in size, and in the trip from llie 
 dock to the bay it was no unusual thing to 
 'jump the track " five or six times. In those 
 <laysthc boys liked to have their fun and save 
 work as well as now, and in 1840 they rig^'cd 
 up a hand car with a sail in order to save 
 " pumping," thinking to take a trip to the bay 
 in this railroad sailboat. J. M. Sterling was 
 the first to board it, and just for lun started 
 alone for the i)ay; but lie had i-eckoncd without 
 his host, as he soon found tliat it was one thing 
 to start but (juite another to stop the novel 
 machine. On approaching the warehouse at 
 the bay, and seeing no way of getting control 
 of the sailboat, he " took a header " and left 
 the car to run its course, whicii it soon did, the 
 momentum carrying it through the warehouse 
 and into the lake, from which it was afterwards 
 fished out. As this involved more work than 
 
 " |Mini])ing." it is neeilless to say that the 
 Itoys did not again use the sail as a motive 
 l)Ower. 
 
 Many trips were made in those daj-s from the 
 bay to Detroit in small boats, ami an incitleiit is 
 told of one starting out in the spring of 1845 
 from Detroit, and the '-sailboat " ride recalled 
 to Mr. Sterling's mind the remarks of Mr. 
 .Iiis<'ph Campeaii when toiil (hat the boat had 
 floundered about in the ice, tore her paildle- 
 wheels to ])ii'ces, but finally brought up in a 
 demoralized condition at lOrie. Mr. ('ampeau 
 says with his French accent : 
 
 " Well, I t'ot so. Now when ze Englishman 
 he want to go anywhere, he set down and t'ink 
 how he get <lar; and va' Fri-nchman he wtiut to 
 go, and he stop and link how he^'ctdar; but 
 ze American, ze Yankee, he want to go, and, be 
 gar, he go. He go heaven, he go hell, he go 
 anywhere ! ' 
 
 What a contrast between early transporta- 
 tion and navigation and tiiat ol the present time! 
 The Indian pony and the lumber wagon have 
 given place to the railroad, the small boat and 
 Mackinaw bateau to immense ironclad levia- 
 thans : but some will doubtless feel that notwith- 
 standing these impi'ovements, these increased 
 conveniences and facilities, that the good old 
 times when tliey made journeys through the 
 country by the old fashioned stage coach or 
 rockaway were far more to their liking and en- 
 joyment; and tlu'ri' is, somehow, an air of inno- 
 cence and ingenuousness, wholeness and com- 
 })leteness associated with those old-lime manners 
 and customs that is lacking in the modern 
 improvements and conveniences, and of which 
 we are strongly reminded wlu-n we see the 
 farmer of to-day driving into the city with his 
 comfortable old wagon, in the back of which is 
 his crock of fresh l>uller, or basket of eggs, 
 covered with newly mown fresh grass with 
 which to feed the old family horse. It reminds 
 one of old times, of healthful country breezes, 
 and speaks of our forefathers' frugality and 
 thrift and the wise and jiniileiil la^-ing-up for 
 a rainy day. 
 
 FIE!.. 
 
 Up to about lS4(;-7 the (brests furnished fuel, 
 and charcoal was largel}' used. In 1847, J. M. 
 Sterling began bringing coal on steamers in 
 hogsheads and barrels for the use of blacksmiths, 
 and for many years supplied most of the coal 
 
414 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 used by that trade to points as far west as 
 Goshen oil the Michigan Southern Air Line. 
 In the fall of 1848 he built his first coal shed 
 and stocked it with forty tons of blacksmith 
 and grate coal, which at that time was con- 
 sidered to be more than enough to last for the 
 next decade. The business increased slowly 
 but surely, until in 1860 nearly two hundred 
 tons wore used in Monroe. In 18(35 over four 
 hundred tons were sold by him, and in 1870 
 over twelve hundred tons found a ready mar- 
 ket. The next five years showed an annual 
 increase of about one hundred tons, while in 
 1880 the mark was made at nearly three thou- 
 sand tons, which increased over four hundred 
 tons a year for the next five years. In 1888 the 
 receipts of coal at Monroe station for all parties 
 were over five hundred carloads, or nearly ten 
 thousand tons, an increase in fort}' years of 
 about nine thousand and eighty-six tons. A 
 large portion of this is handled by W. C. Ster- 
 ling, dealer in coal, wood, salt, hay, straw and 
 ice, at the same place where J. M. Sterling put 
 up his first coal sheds in the fall of 1S4S. 
 
 MONROE GAS LIGHT CO. 
 
 The books of the Monroe Gas Light Com- 
 pany- were opened for subscription in the com- 
 mon council room on Friday and Saturday', 
 November 11 and 12, 1859. The capital stock 
 was jilaced at $40,000, and divided into eight 
 hundred shares at fifty dollars. The company 
 was incorporated December 10, 185D, by I. R. 
 Grosvenor, B. F. Fifield, J. R. Kauch, C. K. 
 Green and E. A. Lansing, under the provisions 
 of an act of the legislature of the State of 
 Michigan, approved February 12, 1855, and 
 entitled "An act for the formation of Gas 
 Light companies," the charter to run for thirty 
 years. Ira R. Grosvenor was elected president, 
 ]?. F. Fifield treasurer and secretary, and with 
 J. R. Rauch, C. K. Green and B. A. Lansing, 
 formed the first board of directors. 
 
 A contract was at once made with Sylvester 
 S. Battin, of Newark, New Jersey, to construct 
 the works at a cost of 836,000, payment to be 
 inaih^ ill the stock of the company. The work 
 of construction was commenced April 9, 1860, 
 B. F. Fifield being chosen superintendent. 
 November 24th of the same year the work was 
 completed, and the resignation of I. R. Grosve- 
 nor as president, and Green and Lansing as 
 directors accepted, Joseph M. Sterling being 
 
 elected to the former, and S. S. Battin and 
 Benjamin Dansard to the latter positions. 
 
 From this date (November 24, 1860) to De- 
 cember 31st, the receipts from consumers were 
 $305.76. During the twelve months ending 
 December 31, 1861, the total consumption of 
 gas was a little over 662,000 feet at $3.50 per 
 thousand, the receipts being $2,317.31, with 
 about 45,000 feet of main pipe. For the year 
 ending December 31, 1888, the price was $2.00 
 per thousand feet, and a little over 4,339,000 
 feet used, for which the company received 
 $8,678.76, and to supply which required over 
 three and one-half milesof main pipe. During 
 this time the service has been made without 
 any accident of note except an explosion in the 
 year 1862, which left the city without gas for 
 about three months. 
 
 STERLING MANITFACTURING CO. i 
 
 The Sterling Manufacturing Company was 
 incorporated in January, 1888, with a capital 
 stock of $10,000, the incorporators being J. M., 
 J. C, W.C, F. S., and W. P. Sterling. They 
 began building in 1887, their plant consisting 
 of a saw, shingle, lath and planing mill, with 
 engine, power and necessary yard room. The 
 mill buildings projier are two stories high, j 
 90x80, or about 14,400 square feet of floor space, 
 in which they conduct the business of general 
 contractors and builders, having in process of 
 construction over thirty houses in Toledo, be- > 
 sides a large number in Monroe and Wayne > 
 counties. The docks of this company, with the j 
 pole dock of F. S. Sterling & Co., furnish the '■ 
 only landing in Monroe for boats drawing over 
 seven feet of water. 
 
 WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH CO. 
 
 Following closely upon the opening of the 
 pole docks of F. S. Sterling & Co., the Western 
 Union Telegraph Company recognized the 
 great advantages offered by Moni'oe as a dis- 
 tributing point and entered into negotiations 
 by which they secured about nine hundred 
 feet of dock room of the Sterlings. They then 
 moved their yards from Toledo to Monroe and 
 made it their distributing point for the central 
 division, which includes all points governed 
 by the central standard of time, or the entire 
 portion of the United States between Buffalo 
 and Omaha. This division is in charge of 
 J. D. Dickinson, superintendent supply de- 
 

BUSINESS INTERESTS OF MONROE. 
 
 415 
 
 partment at Chicago, with C. L. Peei< in- 
 spector at Monroe. Some idea of tlie iniincnso 
 amount ot their business at Monroe may bo 
 formed from the fact that the yards at Monroe 
 employ from eightj' to one liundred men, and 
 liave in stock an average of one hundred and 
 twentj^ thousand poles, costing about two dol- 
 hirs each. An average of two hundred cars is 
 sent from the yards here each month and 
 shipped to all points in the central division. 
 
 PAPER MILLS. 
 
 Among the larger industries of Monroe maj' 
 bo counted the paper mills. Probably the 
 oldest mill in the West, and one of the old land- 
 marks around Monroe, is the Eaisinvillo mill, 
 four miles west of the cit^'. It was built in 
 1834 by Christopher McDowell, and for many 
 years was the only mill of the kind in Southern 
 Michigan. The first steam dryer ever used in 
 the West was set up in this mill, in the latter 
 part of the fifties. After passing through vari- 
 ous changes it came into the possession of 
 Jacob Mitchell in 1862, but the introduction of 
 new and improved machinery and the cost of 
 cartage to and from the mill rendering it an 
 unsatisfactory investment, in 1887 it was finally 
 closed. The Monfoe Paper Compan}', which 
 consisted of Jacob and Leonard Mitchell, wa.s 
 organized in 1866, using the old mill until 1874, 
 when the present mill was built and a specialty 
 made of wrapping paper. Of this they manu- 
 facture about twelve hundred tons annually, 
 most of which finds a ready market with 
 Michigan wholesalers. 
 
 The Monroe Manufacturing Company, of 
 which J. R. Ranch is president, S. P. Jackson 
 vice-president, and C. A. Jackson secretary 
 and treasurer, has a mill 250x60 feet, and gives 
 on an average employment to about twenty- 
 five men. They daily manufacture an average 
 of about five tons of wrapping and c.\])ress 
 paper, mostly going to the wholesale market 
 of Chicago. 
 
 The Richardson Paper Company, of which 
 J. ( '. Richardson is president, C. C. Richardson 
 vice-president, and M. II. Richardson secretar3' 
 and treasurer, manufacture from two and one- 
 liiilf to three million pounds of straw wi-apjiing 
 paper annuallj-, from which their revenue is in 
 the neighborhood of forty thousand dollars. 
 
 Their sales are mostly in the New York, Phila- 
 delphia and Detroit markets. The company 
 was incorporated with a capital stock of thirty 
 thousand dollars, and is the outgrowth of a 
 mill built in 1882 by Frank S. Sill and oi)eratcd 
 by him until 1884, when he sold it to Richard- 
 son, Tangoman & Scott, of Lima, Ohio. 
 
 A peculiar enterprise under a great deal of 
 difficulty was inaugurated in the spring of 
 1888 in the manufacture of cloth binder's board 
 by F. Wahlorf & Son, their two-story mill, 
 35x55, now averaging from two and one-half 
 to three tons of that article each day, and giv- 
 ing constant employment to from fifteen to 
 twent}^ men. 
 
 ISRAEL EPLEY ILGENFRITZ, 
 
 One of the leading nurserymen in the United 
 States, and whose push, vim and sterling busi- 
 ness qualities have done much toward building 
 up one of the leading industries of Monroe, is 
 the sixth child and second son of Jacob and 
 Catherine (Epley) Ilgenfritz, and was born 
 August 13, 1824, near Ijittle York, I'ennsyl- 
 vania. 
 
 Although thoroughly Americanized he is of 
 German anccstrj^ the first Ilgenfritz who came 
 to America emigrating from Strasburg over 
 two hundred _years ago and settling in the wil- 
 derness on the banks of the now celebrated 
 Conomaugh, three and a half miles northwest 
 of Ijittle "^'ork. On his death his eldest son 
 fell heir to the farm of three hundred and 
 twenty acres, together with a smaller tract of 
 land adjoining, on which he built a grist mill 
 and distillery. When the Revolutionary War 
 began he was already an old man, but his 
 eldest son, Frederick, the grandfathei- of Mr. 
 Ilgenfritz, served through the war, and at its 
 close settled on the old homestead, where he 
 died in 1822. He had six sons, John, George 
 David, Jacob, Frederick and Daniel. John 
 emigrated to Ohio, settling in what is now 
 Mahoning county about I8((l or 1802. He 
 lived to an extreme old age, and many of his 
 descendants are still living in Mahoning ctmnty. 
 (icorge also moved to Ohio in 1832, and all of 
 his brothers with the exce])tion of David and 
 Daniel, the former dyingat Lafayette, Indiana, 
 
41( 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the hitter now living nciir Knhiniazoo, Michi- 
 gan. Pi-cderick's brother Martin inherited the 
 grist mill, and his joungest brother, Samuel, 
 learned the blacksmith's trade and lived his 
 whole life in Little York, becoming quite 
 wealthy. His eldest .son, William, held the 
 office of prothonotary in Little York for some 
 twenty years. 
 
 The Ilgenfritz family in the olden titae were 
 noted, the men for thei r great mu.scular strength , 
 and both men and women remarkable for their 
 great independence of spirit. 
 
 Jacob, the father of Mr. Ilgenfritz, after 
 serving in the War of 1812, for which a short 
 time before his death he received a bounty 
 warrant for one hundred and sixty acres of 
 land from the Government, lived near Little 
 l''ork until about 1830, when he moved to near 
 Carlisle, Cumberland county, Penns3-lvania. 
 There he followed the occupation of agricul- 
 turist until the spring of 1853, when he moved 
 to Monroe, where he died October 23, 1863, 
 after raising a family of twelve children, six 
 boys and six girls. 
 
 The early life of Mr. Ilgenfritz was spent on 
 a farm, with the occasional advantages of a fevv 
 weeks' schooling during the winter sea.son, 
 until 1843, when he went to Bellcfonte, Center 
 county, Penn.sylvania, and emharketl in the 
 nursery busine.ss there. 
 
 In the fall of 1846 he visited Monroe, and in 
 the spring of 1847 he moved from Bellefonte to 
 Monroe, bringing with him a small stock of 
 trees, which he planted on Monroe street, just 
 south of St. John's Catholic church. In the 
 spring of 1848 he bought a half interest in the 
 nursery of E. H. Re) nolds, on the land adjoin- 
 ing St. Mary's church. Most of the shrubber3^ 
 around the house of Father Joos, where their 
 office then was, was planted bv him. Tn a 
 short time Mr. Reynolds sold out his share in 
 the business to Mr. Jesse Beardsle3^ who shortly 
 afterwards sold it to Mr. Ilgenfritz, making him 
 the sole owner in the fall of 1849 of the Monroe 
 Nursery'. In the spring of 1850 the firm was 
 changed to Ilgenfritz & Bentley (Mr. A. E. 
 Bentley purchasing a half interest), and so 
 continued till about 1856, when it again came 
 into the hands of Mr. Ilgenfritz by the with- 
 drawal of Mr. Bentley. About 1863 Mr. Ilgen- 
 fritz admitted Mr. Amos Kellogg and Daniel 
 Ilgenfritz to j)artnorship (each having a quarter 
 
 interest), the former continuing about a year, 
 the latter leaving the firiii in 1876. After this 
 Mr. Ilgenfritz continued the business alone 
 until his sons came in with him, when the firm 
 name was changed to I. E. Ilgenfritz & Sons. 
 
 Starting with a small plant, about 1850 it was 
 enlarged by the rental of the Edmonds' farm. 
 About 1856 the first part of the Waterloo farm 
 of about two hundred acres was purchased. In 
 1858 the railroad farm, of one hundred and 
 sixty-five acres, came into his possession, and 
 in 1872 he acquired the title to the Clark farm 
 of seventy acres. This latter was used as 
 packing grounds for about a year, when it was 
 found necessary to be more central, and the 
 present grounds adjoining the Lake Shore and 
 Michigan Southern depot were graduallj- pur- 
 chased of the Rev. Mr. Saft'ord and others. 
 
 Probably one of the ha|)piest moments of 
 Ml'. Ilgenfritz's life was when about 1855 he 
 became the owner of his first property on Elm 
 street, on Ander.^on block No. 1, which is now 
 known as the homestead lot. The old log 
 house was formerly used as an Indian trading 
 ])08t. Here he lived for thirteen years, and it 
 it now used as a dwelling house by his son 
 Theodore. 
 
 December 24, 1846, he was married to Mary, 
 daughter of Michael and Margaret (Walters) 
 Fishburn, whose children arc : Margaret E., 
 born February 17, 1849, and m.irried February 
 15, 1871, to Thomas Osborn, a well-to-do farmer 
 living near Tecumseh ; Harriet F., born June 
 29, 1850, and married May 15, 1872, to J. M. 
 Loose, well known in connection with the Red 
 Clover Com]iany, of Detroit; Charles A., born 
 September 5, 1852, married September 13, 1881, 
 to Miss Sadie Ketcham, of Saginaw ; Albert W., 
 born October 23, 1854, died May 2, 1855; 
 Theodore E., born May 3, 1856, married Feb- 
 ruary 6, 1877, to Kate Lafontain, of Monroe, 
 and now living in the old homestead house ; 
 Wilbur F., born June 21, 1858 ; Edgar C, born 
 May 11, 1860, married November 5, 1884, to 
 Hattie Harvey, grandchild of Captain Harvey, 
 well known to the older citizens of Monroe ; 
 Frank L., born April 16, 1862; Mary B., born 
 April 11, 1864; Thomas I., born March 25, 
 1866; Kate v., born December 24, 1867, and 
 Lilla A., born December 15, 1869. 
 
 All of the Ilgenfritzes two generations ago, 
 with the exception of Mr. Ilgenfritz's great- 
 
BUSINESS INTKRKSIS OK MONROE. 
 
 417 
 
 uncle, Samuel, wore Democrats; lie married 
 into the Hay family and they converted him 
 into a Federalist. Mr. Ilgenfritz i.-* a .strong 
 Republican, and yet, such is the estimation in 
 which lie is held In' his fellow citizens, that he 
 has been thrice elected to represent his ward 
 (the fourth) as alderman in the citj- council — 
 in 1875-G. in 1887-8, and 1889 MO; the « ard 
 on an averege vote of 180 usually going Demo- 
 cratic by about 40 vote.*, at the last term gave 
 him a majority of 21 votes. 
 
 Since about 1851 Mr. Ilgenfritz has been a 
 constant member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 <-luirch, and for most of that time has held the 
 office of class-leader, steward and trustee. He 
 lias always been liberal according to his means 
 in contriliuting to all church work, and in all 
 his dealings showed that his profession of faith 
 was not a cloak to cover the garb of hypocrisy. 
 
 Devoting bis entire time and energy to his 
 chosen calling he has earned a re])utation 
 throughout the country which makes him an 
 umpire from whose decision there is no appeal 
 in questions as to the name and variet}" of any 
 fruit, and while for many years he was foremost 
 at fairs and exhibitions, he now has only time 
 to devote to his constantly increasing business. 
 
 We take the following trom the fourth annual 
 report of the secretar}- of the State Pomological 
 Societj- of Michigan. 
 
 " We were back again at Adrian 'in time for 
 the 8 A. M. train for .Monroe. A sandwich 
 and cup of coffee sufficed for a l>reakfast, and 
 alioard the train for Monroe, where we arrived 
 in time for a substantial dinner at the hosi)i- 
 tahle mansion of 1. E. Ilgenfritz, who is the 
 Nunser^- King of the State. 
 
 THE MONROE NURSERIES. 
 
 . . . " Directly in front and adjoining the 
 Michigan Southern Railroad depot are the ex- 
 tensive packinghouses and ornamental grounds 
 of this establishment. A description of the 
 buildings and grounds may not be inappro- 
 priate here. The main packing house is 40x15(5 
 feet, two stories high, with cellar for heeling in 
 such trees and plants as are require;! for spring 
 sales and would be likely to take injury through 
 the winter if left in the open ground ; another 
 advantage is, it facilitates early shipments in 
 spring. This cellar extends under the entire 
 
 building, and is entered at either end liy door- 
 ways of sufficient size to admit of team and 
 wagon loaded with trees. The bottom is laid 
 with a coat of cement four inches thick, and 
 this again covered eighteen inches deep with 
 fine sand for laying in the roots of trees and 
 plants. Here thousands of trees and ])lants 
 can be safelj- stored out of all danger of injury 
 from wind and weatlier, readj- for shipment a 
 month or more before any can be moved from 
 the open ground. In fact, at any time during 
 the winter months, should mild weather occur, 
 thej- can be handled from these cellars. The 
 ground floor is used for boxing, marking, etc., 
 and affords ample room for thirty or fort)' men 
 to work. On one end of this floor are the 
 business offices, and underneath the grafting 
 room. The upper story is used for manufac- 
 turing and storing boxes used in packing trees, 
 and for the storing of tools, &c. 
 
 '■So indispensable to their extensive business 
 have the proprietors found the heeling cellar 
 above mentioned, that they were erecting and 
 tiad nearly completed another building, 50x156 
 feet, with walls of masonry fourteen feet high, 
 and set in the ground six feet, to be used exclu- 
 sively tor this purpose. 
 
 " The ornamental grounds attached to these 
 buildings are nine acres in extent, and were 
 made up of city lots covered with dwellings, 
 which the Messrs Ilgenfritz have purchased 
 and torn down or removed, until they have the 
 present area all to themselves, and situated in 
 one of the most advantageous and pleasant ]iarts 
 of the city. The grounds were somewhat low 
 in their natural state, and the proprietors have 
 been at great expense in filling and leveling. 
 They have covered several acres with fine soil 
 for the growth of ornamental plants, to the 
 depth of from two to six feet. It was a vast 
 labor, but .Mr. Ilgen'Vitz remarked: 'The 
 soil should be laid on until it ploa.sed him, if it 
 required a depth of ten foot.' There is ' a heap 
 of vim' in this man. I. I']. Ilgenfritz. These 
 grounds were in part already planted to the 
 finest varieties of ornamental (lowering plants 
 and shrubs, and the coming season they will be 
 entire filled. 
 
 •' From the ornamental grounds I accom- 
 panied the jiroprietors to the farms, where the 
 heavj- slocks of fruit and ornamental trees arc 
 grown. There are three in all. covering up- 
 
418 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 wards of three hundred acres in extent. All 
 such stocks of trees are wonderful. The 
 quantities of special leading varieties — 50,000 
 Baldwin, 50,000 Greening, 20,000 and 30,000 
 Spy, Canada, etc. — were no unusual quantities 
 to be found in single blocks. The soil where 
 these nurseries are located is a rich alluvial, 
 underlaid with clay, covering the limestone 
 formation at most but a few feet below the sur- 
 face, and cropping out in numerous places. 
 The cultivation was the nearest perfection to 
 be met with anywhere. I much doubt if 
 throughout the whole extent of these grounds a 
 barrow load of weeds could have been gathered. 
 All the grounds are underdrained. Mr. llgen- 
 fritz informed us not a rood of ground was 
 used for nursery purposes without first being 
 thoroughly tiled, the cost of which varies from 
 forty to one hundred dollars per acre. 
 
 "In the way of the newer varieties of fruit 
 tree stock, tliese men were found no way behind 
 their eastern and western competitoi'S. Among 
 the apples were Grimes' Golden and American 
 Beauty in large quantities, and many other 
 novelties I was surprised to find in such 
 quantities. This seems to be the soil for grow- 
 ing the pear ; finer specimens, of all ages from 
 one to three and four years old, can be found 
 nowhere in the State; nor have I seen finer 
 blocks of pear frees at Eochester, Geneva, or 
 Syracuse, and the quality fully up to the 
 demand. The cherry and peach are not so 
 heavily grown ; but the proprietors have a keen 
 eye to the prospective demand, and jilant in 
 l)roj)ortion. 
 
 " And yet one important branch of this ex- 
 tensive establishment was hardly u]) to the de- 
 mand of the times: I refer to the ornamental 
 department. They should have some glass 
 houses, a propagating house, a sjjecimen ))lant 
 house, etc., and now that they are finallj' estab- 
 lished on their newly acquired and long coveted 
 grounds, they should bo added at once. Prep- 
 arations were already being made for their 
 erection, and early in the coming season will 
 find them completed. The increasing demand 
 for hardy evergreens must require a much 
 larger stock than were noticed here, and on 
 inquiry we were informed that they were pre- 
 paring for a heavy stock in this department the 
 coming season. Their one and two-j'cars-old 
 grape vines were particularly fine ; one block 
 
 of 11,000 Concords, this season's cuttings, were 
 extra. But in the immense stocks of the apple, 
 their fine growth and healthy condition, the 
 uniformity of size and form of tree, the neatness 
 and order of planting, with rows as straight as 
 lines of light, and extanding in some blocks for 
 a mile or more in length, are found an abun- 
 dant source of meritorious praise. 
 
 "Some idea of the magnitude of this estab- 
 lishment may be gained by referring to the 
 amount of stocks planted during the past three 
 years. On referring to the registry for 1871 the 
 planting for that year footed up to upwards of 
 600,000. In 1872 their setting reached 650,000. 
 These two lots were cut to the ground in the 
 spring of 1873. They are a magnificent lot of 
 trees now, and ready for market, standing from 
 five to seven feet high, well branched, and as 
 desirable a lot to select from as one would wish. 
 In 1873, 400,000 were planted ; again in 1874 
 400,000 more. The fall of 1875 and spring of 
 1876 will find this establishment in possession 
 of nearly one million trees ready for market. 
 
 " Tree planters of Michigan ! give these gen- 
 tlemen a trial ; they are worthy of j'our patron- 
 age, and your own interests will be served by 
 so doing. They have had their share in the 
 disasters of the unprecedented cold winter of 
 1872 and 1873 ; the lo.ss was very great. After 
 becoming convinced of the damage done, they 
 resolved to 'destroy all that were known to be 
 injured, and upwards of $20,000 worth were 
 committed to the flames. " 
 
 The above from the report of 1874 can 
 hardly be improved upon in describing the 
 buildings and nursery of Messrs. Ilgenfritz, 
 except to add a few words showing their 
 present condition. The main building is 
 ^Ilxl5t) and two stories higli, with a wing 
 175x50, having a drive-way and platform be- 
 tween for shijiping, etc. The cellars under- 
 neath are used for trenching, and those under 
 the wing have the Howe truss roof. The 
 extent of the nurseries gives constant employ- 
 ment to about seventy-five men, and consists of 
 the packing grounds, office and main building, 
 nine acres in extent, where they propagate all 
 kinds of choice ornamental stock, such as tree 
 roses, rhododendrons, choice shrubs, vines and 
 ornamental trees. 
 
 The railrord farm on the north side of the 
 river stretches along the Lake Shore & Michi- 
 
BUSINESS INTERESTS OF MONROE. 
 
 419 
 
 i;aii Soiitlu Til tracks a inik> and a quarter from 
 tin- rivtr, aud covoi's one huiidrod and (--i^lit}' 
 aeri'S ; on this there arc five barns, having a 
 floor space of over one thousand square feet. 
 
 Tile Waterloo farm of two hundred acres is 
 located on the southwesterly city limits, and 
 lias four hundred square feet of wcathersheds 
 and barns. 
 
 The Clark farm is situated on the nortli- 
 wcstcrly city limits, where about seventy acres 
 are devoted to the cultivation of everi^reens 
 and ornamentals, and on which are five 
 hundred square feet of barn room. 
 
 The homesti-ad lot on the nortii side of the 
 river, between the two bridges and opposite the 
 residence of Mr. Ilgenfritz. is used for stables 
 and general storehouses, making in all nearly 
 live hundred acres under cultivation for nur- 
 sery purposes. 
 
 The Monroe Nur.st^ries do not make a spe- 
 cialty of any one thing, but have over two 
 niillion trees, consisting largely of apjile, peach, 
 pear and cherry in all stages of advancement, 
 and aim to carry in stock all kinds of fruits 
 indigenous to the soil, alwaj-s striving to have 
 only the best varieties. 
 
 NUKSEKTf;S. 
 
 One of the industi'ies of Monroe of which 
 the average resident has but little conception 
 of the magnitude, is the nurseries. Beginning 
 less than half a century ago it has developed 
 from less than two to nearly a thousand acres 
 under cultivation, lu our survey of the culture 
 of fruits, let us commence at the beginning, 
 (iradual. and e.xperimeiital work of the culti 
 vator has given rise to a branch of industry in 
 .Monroe that has widely surpassed the most 
 sanguine dreams of its founders, and from the 
 employment of a few in 1840, furnishes means 
 of subsistence to several hundreds of industri- 
 ous citizens. 
 
 In the tro]iics, amid tlie lu.xurianl vegetation 
 of that great natural hot house, nature offers 
 to man, almost without care, the most refresh- 
 ing, delicious and nutritious fruits ; but in the 
 temperate zones nature is more harsh, the 
 genial warmth and sunshine of one season 
 being followed in quick succession by cold 
 winds, ice and snowstorms. In a perpetual 
 struggle man is engaged in ameliorating and 
 
 transforming nature, and it is in the face of 
 obstacles that man as the gardener ari.ses and 
 forces nature to yield to his art. Up to within 
 a comparativel}- few years the profession of 
 niirseiyman was unknown, each farmer raising 
 for himself such trees and plants as best suited 
 his tastes. But in tim'e the stuivlj- tiller of the 
 soil found that the special study of trees and 
 plants, by systematic and well-planned experi- 
 ments and carefully noting the results, gave a 
 much finer variet}" and a more ))rofitable 
 marktt. Thus naturally the business gradual- 
 ly fell into the hands of a certain few who 
 made a study of it, and the result was that 
 Monroe has become a large and growing nur- 
 sery center, the soil and climate being from 
 certain natural advantages esiieeially ada])teil 
 to the growth and pro<luc(ioii of strong, hardy 
 and well ripened trees. This, together with its 
 ei^ntial location, midway between the East and 
 West, and the abundant railroad ailvanlages 
 aft'orded, gave the fullest opportunities for the 
 development of the business. 
 
 As early as 1840 Bi.xhy, Mattocks, llartwelj 
 and others had nur.series on a small scale, but 
 jirobabi}- the first one established as a distinct 
 business investment was in 1841 by E. H. Rey- 
 nolils on about two acres of lan<l on Elm street, 
 where the residence of Father Jose now stands. 
 In 1847 I. E. Ilgenfritz came to Monroe from 
 Bellelontc, Pennsylvania, with a small nnrsery 
 stock, anil opened an office at the same ]>oinl in 
 partnership with Mr. Reynolds, who soon alter 
 withdrew from the business. 
 
 These wi-re indeed ])riinitive times and days 
 of small beginnings, anil the man who would 
 then have |iredicted that in less than a genera- 
 tion the lilisiliess would have assumed the 
 gigantic pro])orliinis it has, would have lieeii 
 looked upon as a visionary enthusiast, and even 
 a few years before the war a niau from another 
 ])ortion of the .Slate coming to .Monroe with a 
 view of starting in the business, and seeing the 
 fifteen acres of apple trees set out by Mr. Il- 
 genfritz, backed out, thinking that alrcadv 
 more trees had been ]ilanted than would ever 
 be sold, and there was no use for hini to enter 
 into eom|ietitioii. 
 
 There is no siibji'ct eonsiderid by the larnier 
 of equal imiiortance as the variety of the trees 
 in the orchard he may ])lant. Has he an infi'- 
 rior breed of liorscs or cattle, his old stock is 
 worth something for work or meat, and he can 
 
420 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Iiini (licni ntVwitli no iii;i(iTi:il loss aiul rrpliKv 
 willi im|inivc(| IhtimIs. Jiul on jiluntini;- an 
 (irclianl llir .u,-n>un.| is (UMlicatdl to tlic tree and 
 as a rule tlir varirty plantcil, ami if, atUT fivo 
 (ir Ivn years ol aii.Ninus waitinii' ami ]iaticnt 
 Iiiil, liic varicly is fmiml wortlik'ss liy llic 
 ii;niiram-i^ oi llu- purc-liasiT or knavery of tlic 
 nurseryman, the evil is mil so easy to i-enicdy. 
 Jleiice llie work of tlie lionesl nnrsei-ynian 
 i-omes in, to mil only make new \arielies, hnl 
 by <-arelnl allenlion lo Ihe nature of llie soil 
 and ex|)osni-e when ijrowinii-, lo use judn'menl in 
 ]ilaeiML;' his trees wliel-e Ihey will mature to Ihe 
 hesi advanla<;e. 
 
 Foi-ly years a<j;o men ;frew their own li'i'es; a 
 few years later niirser\-nieii pedilled their stoek- 
 from farm toliirm wilh horse and wagon, rarely 
 i;-oino- more llian a liun<lred miles from home, 
 and the i;realer |iorlioM of stoek came from 
 easlei'u nurseries. Now the aetive canvasser 
 wilh Ids sample hook ami i;-lili tontfue convinces 
 the farmer that he has jus! the trees wanted, 
 and lakes orders for spriuLi: and fall didivery, at 
 whi<di seasons a cai'load or more of stocd< is 
 shi|i|iei| lo Ihe ]i..int most desirahle tor disti-ilm 
 tioii, and ihe nurseryman whose re|iutalion foi- 
 iMUiesI dealinn- and knowled^'e of his business 
 stands Ihe hiiihest is, es])eeially if ably re|i|-e 
 sentcd by his a!;vnts, apt to .n'ct the ci-earn of the 
 trade. Asid(.' from the facilities for immediate 
 and speedy tr-ans]iortatioii. tlic Monroe sloidi, 
 beiiii;- aeelimateil to the soil, was founil to be 
 uuieli better adapted to the western soil and 
 climale, and i^radually suj)plaiited the easlern 
 market in the Icadiui;- sorts most protitalile lo 
 this loeality. 
 
 We rind 111. H. Reynolds in 1841, followed 
 by 1. E. Ilgenfritz in 1847, from whicU in 1876 
 we have I. E. Ilgenfritz & Sons, and known 
 as the Monroe Nui-series ; Eeynolds again in 
 1850 as the Monroe City Nursery, and joined 
 in 1866 by S. B. Lewis, until 1880, when the 
 partnershi]) was dissolved and the Floral City- 
 Nursery started by Lewis, an<l Eeynolds Nur- 
 sery by Reynolds. 
 
 The iiiverKaisin Valley Nursery was estab- 
 lished ill 1857 by .1. C. W Greening. In 1882 
 bis two sons, George A. and Charles E., with- 
 drew, and started on their own account on 
 thirty acres next east of the original nursery, 
 and in 1886 they took the entire charge of tbe 
 nursery located about a mile and a half south 
 of the city of Monroe, and consisting of 240 
 
 acres. In 1854 Mr. Greening planted the first 
 Concord grape introduced into Monroe county. 
 Naturally following the propagating of trees 
 comes the production of small fruits. In 1876, 
 after dissolving partnership with his brother, 
 Mr. Daniel Ilgenfritz started as the pioneer of 
 berry culture in Southern Michigan, and now 
 has on his fruit farm 1,000 apple and 500 pear 
 trees, and 10 acres of grapes, 20 of blackber- 
 ries and SO of raspberries, the shipments from 
 which are from 75 to 100 bushels daily, mostly 
 to Bay City and Saginaw markets. 
 
 SAMUEL BAKElt LEWIS, 
 
 The pi'Oprietor of the Floral City Nurseries, 
 was ushered into this world October 5, 1823, 
 taking his first view of life on a (arm about 
 two miles west of Monroe, being the third 
 of a family of ten boys, his parents being Silas 
 and Lydia (Chilsoii) Lewis, the former of 
 whom was killed by the falling of a tree 
 December 1, 1853; the latter was born in Cart- 
 wright, Delaware county, New York, a few 
 miles (i-om Albany, May 2, 1799, and is now 
 living at the advanced ago of ninety years in 
 Council Bluffs, Iowa. In 1806 she went with 
 her ))arents to Little York (now Toronto), On- 
 tario, and was but a short distance away wdien 
 the magazine was blown up, resulting in the 
 death of General Pike. Her father, John Chil- 
 son, was impressed into the British army dur- 
 ing the War of 1812, and not wishing to right 
 against his own conntr^ymen, was at that lime 
 in hiding under a neighboring bank, which 
 fact probably saved him from the fate of 
 hundreds of his comrades. 
 
 His grandfather, Reuben Lewis, came to 
 Monroe in 1806 with eight families, and was 
 probably one of the first American settlers in 
 Monroe. He, with Silas, was attached to the 
 cavahy, under General Hull, during the War 
 of 1812, and at Hull's surrender August 11, 
 1811, took to the woods and carried the news 
 to General Winchester. His aunt Lucretia 
 (mother of the late Mrs. E. H. Reynolds) lia<l 
 just made a new cloak which the Indians tried 
 several times to take from her ; as she pluckily 
 recovered it each time, they finally took both 
 her and the cloak to their camp about eight 
 miles distant, and from which she managed to 
 make her escape the first night. His grand- 
 
BUSINESS INTERESTS OF MONROE. 
 
 421 
 
 father and gi-iiiidiiiotber in company with a 
 number of other settlers made their escape 
 i'roni the Frcncli and Indians, and in an open 
 bateau followed the coast of Lake Krie to 
 (Meveland; in conse(iuencc of exposure during 
 Ihc trip Mrs. Lewis died, and Mr. Ijewis after- 
 ward went to Kentucky and ro-married. 
 
 Shortly after peace was declared, Sd;is 
 married, and returning to Monroe settled on the 
 old farm, and also worked a tannery and boot 
 and shoe shop, and on the opening of the 
 Michigan Southern liailroad from Monroe to 
 Adrian took the contract for the constriu^tion 
 of sections eight and eleven. 
 
 His brothers are: Manson, born -May, 1820, 
 died November, 1824; Shubael, born February 
 2S, 1822, for two years treasurer of the town- 
 ship of Milan ; Silas, born July, 1825, wlii» 
 went to California in 1851 over the overland 
 route, and bringing up in Texas just before the 
 War iif the Kebcllion, was pressed into the 
 Confederate service, and served in the rebel 
 army through the war, at the close of which, 
 in company with two other families, fitted out 
 teams, intending to emigrate throui,'h the Indian 
 Territory to Iowa, but the first night out, when 
 camped on the banks of Blue River, tlu'y were 
 overtaken by white men disguised as Indians 
 atid the men brutally- murdered, while tlu' wo- 
 men and children, after iair\ ing their hushands 
 ;\Tid fathers in hurriedly dug graves, returned 
 1(1 Bonham, Fannin count}-, Texas; Mos&s, 
 horn in 1827 and died an infant; John Chilson, 
 liorn in 182i), went to California with ('oloncl 
 Wadsworthin 1851, now livingin Iowa; James, 
 born in 18:^1, now living in Colorado: William, 
 horn in 1834; Nelson, born in 1837; the two 
 latter, with John ("hil.son, went to Iowa and 
 settled in the SDUthern part of Kane lownshi]), 
 Pottawattamie eoiitily, which a few \'ears 
 .ago was set off and named Lewis town- 
 ship; and (Jeorgo IL, born in 1841, and now 
 living in Monroe. 
 
 A remarkable fact in connection with Mr. 
 Lewis's family is that all thelirothers (with the 
 except of the two who died in infancy and the 
 one who was shot) are living, hale, hearty, old 
 men, who have hardly known the meaning of 
 sickness in their lives. 
 
 November 28, 1849, Mr. Lewis was married 
 ill Brownst«jwn, Wa^'ne county, Michigan, to 
 .Mary Klizabeth. daughter of Joseph and Julia 
 Ann (DeForest) Viles, the former of whom 
 
 died April 2'J, 1877, and the latter April 2C, 
 1888. Mrs. Lewis was a native of Steiilicn, 
 New York, where she w:fs horn April 2, l.s:j2. 
 Her children are : Emma Ijucretia.horn Septem- 
 ber 18, 1852, married to William V. Strong, an 
 engineer in Charlevoix, and .son of Captain 
 Strong, one of the old residents of Monroe; 
 Claire Klizabeth, born Octolier 1, 1852 ; Susan 
 Augusta, born Feliriiary 14, 1854 ; (ieorge 
 Washiniiton, born September 30, 1855, married 
 March 28, 1883, to Belle Hendriek, of Rochester, 
 New York, and now living in St. (Shark's, 
 Michigan; Franklin May, horn November 12, 
 1857, died January 23, 18(!ll; Alva, born Sep- 
 temher 14, 1859, died September 30, 1859; 
 Haltie Minnie, horn March IS, 18fil, now living 
 in Monroe, the wife of Willis Baldwin, county 
 surveyor, to whom she was married April 11, 
 1883; Samuel Cliilson, born July 4, 18li3 : and 
 Mary Alzada, born November 11, IStJS. 
 
 Of Mr. Jjewis's brothers none were in the 
 Union army, altliougii he ]iaid for a suhstitute 
 and was not drafted, and Shubael was drafted 
 and cleared the call by reason of deafness. 
 Silas was pressed into the rebel army, in which 
 he served through the war, and was shot by 
 iiushwhackcrs on the hanks of Blue River, 
 Indian Territory, in July, l!~!(;5. 
 
 The grandf\ither of Mr-^. Lewis ftJeorge 
 DeFoi-est) was an officer at West Point, where 
 he died during the War of 1S12. 
 
 Mr. Ijewis had hut few educational advan- 
 tages in his I'arly youth, attending school in the 
 old log school house on the Harvey farm, and 
 graduating from the .select school kept by 
 Ingi'rsoll & Peters under the old Jlelhodist 
 Episcopal church. A farrmr from his hoy- 
 hood, he ran a threshing machine for about 
 ten years; from 1855 to 1857 he had charge of 
 the county poorhouse and farm, and after 
 traveling for Ilgenfritz in 180(1, in company 
 with K. H. Reynolds slarteil the Monroi' City 
 Nurseiy on the fiirm wheir the River Raisin 
 massacre occurred. The great hailst<n-m of 
 1883 resulted in the dissolution of this partner- 
 ship, and on tlu' hundred acres coining to him 
 as his sliare, he started the Floral Cit}- Nursery 
 as S. B. Lewis & Co. His brother George was 
 the company, hut he soon afterward withdrew. 
 
 Mr. Lewis has by close attention built uji a 
 large business, extending over the entire 
 country. His selection of varieties, manj' of 
 them imported, emhraces all the latest and most 
 
422 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 proiiii.siii^ iiitroduelioiis, as well as the most 
 popular and thoroughly pi-oved older sorts, 
 hoth of fruits or orBanientals, for tlie garden, 
 orchard, park or lawn. His aim is to krcp 
 fully abreasl of an enlightened and enltivated 
 taste in llie introduelion Of new and valnalile 
 varieties of fruit, and novelties and valnalile 
 acquisitions in ornamentals, giving the most 
 careful scrutinj' to tlieir propagation, accepting 
 with jileasurc anything that has real merit. By 
 a careful consideration of the wants of his 
 trade, and faitiiful attention to husiness, he is 
 warranted in ofliei'ing his stock as pure and 
 ahsolutcly true to name, and is enabled to offer 
 the product of his nurseries with entire confi- 
 dence to planters in all sections of the country. 
 In politics Mr. Ijcwis has always been a rad- 
 ical Democrat. For many years he has heen a 
 consistent mcmbei- of (he Presb3'terian church. 
 
 WACONMAKERS. 
 
 While in tin' mainifacturc of wagons and 
 carriages Mcmrcn' has never risen to the clignily 
 of a s)iecially, yet the wurk cif her wagnniakers 
 is largely songht aftei' by farmers in the con- 
 tiguous territory. As no record of the business 
 has heen kept it would be an impossibility to 
 give a ])erfect account of the in(Uistry, but as 
 early as 18:!5 we find John Hill (who after- 
 wai'ds sold to John Si»encer), with Samuel 
 S^■llers as his smith, and a shop located on 
 Monroe sti'eet where the Methodist church now 
 stands. 
 
 At that tinie (1835) Cramer & Garwood were 
 the only l.laidvsmiths. Up to about 1840 we find 
 G(.o<lenough (1838), Blue, Dunbar, Eaider, 
 Samuel Kobinson (1836), McCormick, John 
 O'Reilly (1837), and Spencer. Mr. Spencer 
 came from York State with twenty fitrm wagons, 
 and failed, as the main work of the carriage- 
 maker in those days (the population being 
 mostly French and living almost entirely in log 
 houses) was French carts and coffins, and his 
 wagons were too expensive to meet with sale. 
 
 Lebrouch, with a smithy where St. Mary's 
 seminary is, J. H. Dennison, John Jones and 
 Fischer, came during the thirties, and from 1840 
 to 1850 we have Fischer, Westerman, Kull 
 Brothers. The next decade brings R. Gilmore, 
 Felix Hughes, Kiddie, George Custer (an uncle 
 of General Custer). As good tools were an 
 
 essential factor in the wagonmaker's vocation, 
 about 1840 White & Miller startiiil an edge tool 
 factory, and in 1845 were succeeded by one 
 Prindle. John Lewis, as far back as 1835, 
 furnished castings needed in the business. U]i 
 Id I lie time nf the wai- this liranch was in a 
 crude state, and mostly confined to custom jobs 
 anil (irdered work; liut with thi' advent of new 
 machineiy and manufactuied white stock, a 
 change was made, and the business as now 
 carried on practically dates from about 1860. 
 
 It would be an impossiiiility to give the 
 career of each workman, or even a list of those 
 who have been engaged in the business in 
 Monroe at different times. In 1874 we have as 
 wagonmakers : John Black, John H. Denni- 
 son, John Fischer, August Peters, Balders 
 Porth, and Westerman & Co. Combined with 
 a blacksmith shop were : Acker, Leonard & 
 Co., F. Bezeau, Ohr & Beck, and Wagner Bros. 
 Having a forge only were : John Alexander, 
 John Baier, George Custer, Egle & Knap, John 
 C. Heck,Kull Bros., and Peters & Cassedy. 
 
 Fifteen years later we look at the condition 
 of the business with as near as possible the 
 year from which they date, as follows: 1861, 
 Beck & Baier, F. G. Ohr ; 1835, Anton Wester- 
 man ; 1837, John H. Dennison; 1850, Kull 
 Bros. ; 1862, F. Bezeau; 1870, B. Porth; 1875, 
 G. & F. Wagner; 1882, Ludwig Krzyszke ; 
 1885, J. B. Picjuett. And of the sons of Vulcan : 
 1840, John C. Heck ; 1845, William Acker, 
 John Baier; 1860, Frank Benderritter ; 1873, 
 Anton Egle ; 1886, Adolphus Dubery. 
 
 Of these we make mention of John H. Denni- 
 son, the oldest son of Ezekiel R. and Abigail 
 (Adams) Dennison. He was born in Durham, 
 Connecticut, October 21, 1813, and came to 
 Monroe in 1837 from Livonia, New York. 
 Here he entered the employ of one Fischer till 
 the next spring, since which he has carried on 
 a shop for himself October 20, 1840, he was 
 married to Amelia, daughter of George and 
 Sarah (Ely) Pegler, by whom ho has had twn) 
 children : Zenas H., born February 14, 1844, 
 and now living in Marshall, Michigan ; and 
 Sarah, born Mai-ch, and dying in September, 
 1846. In politics Mr. D. is a Republican. For 
 many years has been an active member of 
 the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Frank Benderritter came to Monroe in 1853 
 with his parents, Joseph and Maria (Rosenldatt) 
 Benderritter. He was born at Sandusky, Ohio, 
 
t^ 
 
 0/4. 
 
 <^:^VC-o* "-^ 
 
BUSINESS INTERKSTS OK MONROE. 
 
 423 
 
 June 13, 184:i In May, ISCl, he onlistcil in 
 Company A, Fourth Micliiican Vi)lunteci- In- 
 fantry, serving until mastered out as ("irjxiral 
 .lunc 30,1864. Al tlie battle of Cold llari.or 
 lir was wciunilcil in llie liainl, f()r wliicli lie 
 receives a small |iensi(]n. November 22, li^TO, 
 he marrie<l the dau.<;hter of William and Bar- 
 bara (Schneidi-r) Kull, who is the molher of 
 (!eorge,born September, 1872, and Joseph, born 
 January, IBTO. Mr. Benderritter is a member 
 of Joseph R. Smith Post, No. 7(1, (1. A. R., of 
 which he is now junior vice connnandcr. In 
 polities an inde]>endent Democrat. He has for 
 two years served as city marshal. 
 
 Ferdinand Bezeau was liorn at ("olcau dc Sac. 
 Canaila, December 12, 1832, and at an early 
 day went with his parents, Joseph l/ouis ami 
 Charlotte (Mitteaud) Bezeau to Eochester, New 
 York', where he lived till tlu' death of his mother 
 in 1842. His uncle then brought him to Mon- 
 roe and he learned the tradi' of waiionmalccr, 
 which he followed successfully till the fall of 
 1888, when he became landhu-d of the Floral 
 City House. During the time he was in the 
 business he made the oidy omnibus ever- built 
 in Monroe. He has served as alderman and 
 street commissioner two terms each. He has 
 li)und marriage a success, having tried it three 
 times, June (i, 18G5, with Catherine, daughter of 
 Philip an<l Margaret Ann (Devon) fJregoi'v, 
 who died February 2, 1870, her ehildivn being 
 Mary, born May 7, 18G7; Louis Philip, Di'cem- 
 ber 8, 1869; Elida, August 3, 1871 ; and Kliza- 
 beth, March 27, 1874. His seeon<l wife, to whom 
 he was married September !>, 1878, w-as Mary, 
 daughter of Eilward and Mary Ann (Navarre) 
 Loranger; she <lied without issue August 8, 
 1882. His youngest child is Emma Horlense, 
 born July 27, 1885, her mother being Emma H. 
 (sister of his second 8]>ouse), to whom he was 
 married March 18, 1883. 
 
 JOIIX MARTIN, 
 
 Who for the past six yeai's has been the pro- 
 prietor of a brickj^ard in the western part of 
 Monroe, was ushered into this world the seven- 
 teenth day of Oetol>er, 1836, and is a native to 
 the manner born, his birthplace being Monroe, 
 and his parents Thomas and Marj^ (Cooney) 
 Martin, who came to Monroe county in 1836. 
 The life of Mr. Martin has been that of a man 
 
 who not having early eilucational advanlai^es 
 made up for it by a large amount oi' sound 
 common sense. Altera boyhood spent as mo-l 
 boys do, he, in the spring of 1S.^)!I, wont to worU 
 in the Eaton brickyard, continuing in that 
 emj)loymeiit until 18711. when his savings en- 
 abled him to jiroeui-e a horse anil dray, and for 
 about seven years he might have been found 
 ready to do anj' work that ])reseiited itself. 
 
 Januarj^ 20, 1877, he married Mary (Nuhfer), 
 ilaughter of Frederick and I'auliiie (Liden- 
 berger) Kodeinan, whose two sons, William and 
 Pet(!r Nuhfer, are now eTiginecrs, the one on 
 the Peniisj-lvania lines, the other at Detroiton 
 the Michigan Central Railroad. While Jlr, 
 Martin was born and brought up a Catholic, 
 his contact with )icople has made him very 
 liberal in his views. 
 
 In 1870 he purchased the house ami lot on 
 Kront street, where ho now lives, and in 188.'! 
 added about six or seven acres adjoining and 
 began the manufacture of brick and tile. His 
 trade, although mainly a local one, steadily 
 increased until he has now from ten to fifteen 
 men working for hitn, manufactures duringthe 
 season. ten thousand brick daily and lorty four 
 thousand feet of tile each week, running con- 
 stantly two first-class machines. In 1885 he 
 joined Lincoln Lodge, No. 190. 1. (). O. F.. of 
 which body ho is an active niembei-. ,M r. 
 Martin has never taken any active part in 
 politics, but has alwavs been an ind<>pendent 
 Democrat. 
 
 r.RICKYARDS. 
 
 Looking at the jiresent condition of the 
 brickj-ards in Monroe, it may be of interest to 
 recall some reminiscences of that branch of 
 business in Monroe. The first brickyard of 
 which wo can gain any information wasstarted 
 in the early part of the forties by James Nel- 
 son on his farm, on the north side of the River 
 Raisin, near the west end of the city, and tor 
 several years was under the charge of Silas W. 
 Eaton. F'rom this yard came the bricks used 
 in the construction of the Presbyterian church 
 and many of the brick houses erected prior to 
 1850. In 1848 Mr. Eaton started a yard on the 
 Downing farm in the same locality, which he 
 worked for about two j-cars, it then being 
 operated bj- Mr. Downing till about 1>^60. 
 From about 1851 to 1857 Mr. Eaton, then 
 
424 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 count}- slicritV, worked :i yard on the ronunons 
 in front of the county jail. In 18GG a man by 
 the name of FU'isliman again started the yard 
 on the Downinsr farm, continuing it for al>out 
 three years, hi 18<S1 and for two years after, 
 Frank Luce contributed liis share of the same 
 product, his yard being near the Michigan 
 Central depot. About 1883 John Martin started 
 in near the west end of Front street, and his 
 yards now cover an acre and a half, with a 
 capacity each day of about ten thousand In-ick 
 and seven tliousand tile, giving employment to 
 eleven men. 
 
 In 1854 we tind Job C. Eaton starting a small 
 yard in the extreme western limit of the city 
 on Front street, which has increased until its 
 daily capacit}- is over twenty thousand brick 
 and twenty-five thousand tile. Mr. Eaton, who 
 may bi^ considered the pioneer brick manul'ae- 
 turcr of Monroe, and who has invented several 
 brick machines, was born in Burlington, Ver- 
 mont, February 22, 1832, and when eighteen 
 months old came to Monroe with his parents, 
 Silas ^V. and Harriet (C^onger) Eaton, the 
 fornier of whom is still living at the age of 
 eighty-seven. He was married November 17, 
 1853, to Rachel, daughter of William and Eliz- 
 abeth (Ineson) Fox, who is the mother of 
 Nelson, born November 28, 1854. died March 
 3, 1860; William Fox, April 20, 1857, died 
 March 21, IsTd; Mary E., October 1, 1859, 
 married to James N. Bentley December 27, 
 1882, and died July 9, 1883; William Harrison, 
 June 10, 18t)2; dharles G.. March 27, 1865; 
 l'",ihvin J.. .\|iril 15. 186S; and Sidney N., Juno 
 S, 1871. In the month of February, 1865, Mr. 
 Iviton went into the service as second lieuten- 
 ant Compaii}' K, Eleventh Michigan Volunteer 
 Infantry, and served till the clo.se of the war, 
 and is now Surgeon of Jos. E. Smith Post. No. 
 76, Grand Army of the ltc]iublic. A Republi- 
 can in politics, he has serve<l for six years as 
 aldei-man in the city and for lour years as 
 county sheriff. 
 
 In 1885 the La Plaisance Manufacturing 
 Companj', of which J. M. Bulklcy was president 
 and R. Fleming secretaiy, started the manu- 
 facture of "Monroe" Bath Brick, which on 
 May 2, 1886, was purchased by the present 
 proprietor, Mr. P. H. Mathews. Their main 
 market is St. Louis, Missouri, shipments, how- 
 ever, being made to Lincoln, Nebraska. Minne- 
 ajiolis, Minnesota, and other western points. 
 
 About 1S3-1 C. Mohr & Son eslablished the 
 first marble yard in Monroe. Some years after 
 Tajdor & Eichbauer started in the same line, 
 and were succeeded in 1874 by L. Eichbauer <t 
 Sons, the ]M-incipal product of both yards being 
 monunu'ntal work. 
 
 FLOUR M1LL.S. 
 
 As early as 1820 the Waterloo Mills were 
 started, and Monroe, from its natural advan- 
 tages, became the grain market of southeastern 
 Michigan. About 1840 the Monroe City MilN 
 were built, and the Erie Mills, of Black Rock, 
 near Buffalo, New York, sent Mr. F. Waldorf 
 to take charge of the lormer, which they had 
 rented of Mr. Beach in 1842, ami three years 
 later they leased the latter, Mi-. Waldorf 
 superintending the working of liolh. while 
 Samuel J. Holley ha<l charge of the outside 
 work. At this time money did nol enter into 
 the dealing in grain, and trade was all in dicker. 
 These being the only mills in this section of 
 the country, parties came from as far as 
 Maumee City and waited for their grist to bo 
 ground. About the time the Monroe City Mills 
 were built liy Birch & Frost, a water-power and 
 dam had been constructeil by Bacon & Law- 
 rence, and prior to the occuiiancy of the mill 
 by Mr. Waldorf, a quarter interest was owned 
 by each. In 1844 the Erie Milks, as a forward- 
 ing instil ul ion. did not find it to their interest 
 to be known in connection with the mills at 
 Monroe as pro))rietors, and so persuailed 
 Messrs. Waldorf tt Holle}- to lease ihem, which 
 was done in 1845. Six years later the Water- 
 loo Mills were thoroughly overhauled and 
 refitted, and in 1852 were purcha.sed h^- Mr. 
 Waldorf, who sold them in 1858 to Messrs. 
 Norman & Perkins, the latter continuing in 
 possession until 1870, when they were sold to 
 Stiles & Harvey. In 1875 Harvey .sold his in- 
 terest to Mr. C. G. Johnson, who continued in 
 partnership until 1881, when Mr. Stiles became 
 the owner by purchasing the interest held by- 
 Mr. Johnson, again changing in 1887, with 
 Cyrus Stiles in charge. This left Mr. Waldori 
 in full charge of the Monroe City Mills. 
 
 Prior to the opening of the canal, all shipments 
 (if flour and other materials had to lie made 
 from Ija Plaisance Bay, t<i which |ioinl .-i ii-aek 
 was laid, and cars drawn by hor.ses as a motive- 
 power. There being no warehouses at Ypsilanti, 
 Ann Arbor, or in fact anywhere except at 
 
BUSINESS INTEKKSTS OF MONROE. 
 
 Monroe, it was the best wlical iiKirkel in tliis 
 section of the country, and it was no iiniiMiiii 
 thing at early morning to see the streets in the 
 vicinit}' of the mill blocked with team's wailing 
 to unload, the farmers having come in from 
 taverns near bj', where tiie}- had remained over 
 night so as to bo on hand in time. The mills 
 were run to their fullest capacity day and 
 night, and shipments made to ihe Buffalo mar- 
 ket, vessels leaving the bay with two and three 
 thousand baiTcls of flour, which were frc- 
 qucnth' sold long before the boat reached its 
 destined point. Buffalo at that time was tiie 
 great distributing point for that section, and 
 the reputation of Monroe flour was of the high- 
 est. On the completion of the canal ware- 
 houses were ready, and wheat that could not 
 bo at once used in the mills found a ready sale 
 llu^re, the first ones in the Held being started 
 by Sterling it Noble. 
 
 When the railroads were released from the 
 State and passed under private control, coni- 
 petition at other points began and Monroe 
 lost its prestige, although it has ever had its 
 fair share of business in the grain market. 
 About 1875 the machinery of the Bay City 
 Mill at Sandusky (where it had been for fortj- 
 years) was shipped to Monroe and a mill started 
 by Mr. Boyd, and after passing through several 
 hands, the "Standard" Mill came into the 
 possession of Messrs. Johnson & Stiles in 1879, 
 whooperated ittill 1883, when itwas shut down. 
 The little mill of Cau.x & Stiles was built as a 
 store about 1875, and within a year the ma- 
 chinery of the mill from Adrian was put in 
 operation in the old store room. The daily 
 capacity of the several mills now in operation 
 is about three hundred barrels, market being 
 found mostly in Detroit and Cleveland. 
 
 While as a historian wo would not give 
 fulsome flattery to any meritorious subject, yet 
 we can not pass this point without a brief 
 sketch of oneof Monroe's most popular citizens, 
 who, after nearly half a century of active busi- 
 ness life, is known as one of the solid men of 
 the city, and while not at all ostentatious in 
 the displaj' of, yet is always open to the call of 
 charity, never letting his left hand know what 
 his right does. When he passes away at the 
 call of his Creator to join the heavenly hosts, 
 hundreds of worthy poor will without doubt 
 mourn the loss of one whose watchful eye, 
 ever on the lookout to relieve worthy destitu- 
 
 tion, is foi'ever closed to tlic NCencs of earth and 
 can no more guide his han<ls in answer to the 
 calls of sufl'ering humanity. Boi-n in a mill iti 
 Darmstadt January 27. 1825, he came to this 
 country with his parents. Adam and Mai-y 
 (Maples) Waldorf in August, WM, when they 
 settled in Lyons, New York, his father enter- 
 the employ of the Hi-ie Mills, at that time the 
 largest in the Union, having a dail}" capacity 
 of live hundred barrels of flour. In 1H3'J he 
 removed to Black iiock, near Buffalo, New 
 Yoi'k. still in the emjiloy of the same firm, and 
 with whom he learned the secrets of the miller's 
 trade. As a "dusty miller" he came to Mon- 
 roe in 1842. and is justly looked upon by his 
 bi'other millers as the patriarch of the business 
 in this section. 
 
 In June, 184-1, he was married to Celestine 
 Ann, daughter of James J. and Victoria 
 (Navarre) Godfroj-. 
 
 When but a boy four years old he was left 
 without a mother, but had the counsel of a 
 father until 1864. Coming to the land of the 
 free he early imbibed the true principles of 
 freedom, and himself and Hon. I. P. Chris- 
 tiancy were the fathers of the Reptublican 
 party in Monroe, he being the first Republican 
 mayor elected in the city, and presidential 
 elector on that ticket from this district for 
 several presidential elections. For j-ears he 
 has been a consistent member of the Lutheran 
 church. From the early days of the First 
 National Bank a director, he was elected presi- 
 dent on its reorganization in 1877, which office 
 he has since held. 
 
 GRAPES AND .<.MALL FRUITS. 
 
 Prior to 1865 the Sister Islands were sought 
 by a number of the families in Monroe as a 
 summer resort. The variety of luxurious 
 grapes that were cultivated to so great an 
 extent was one of the chief attractions. They 
 were shipped in boxes ami baskets to eastern 
 and western cities in great quantities, com- 
 numding readily 12i cents per pound. Up to 
 this time ventures in field |ilanting, with but 
 one exception, that of Joseph M. Sterling on 
 the south side of the River Raisin, had not 
 been undertaken. 
 
 Pointo Aux Peaux, the only rock bound coast 
 on the south shore of Lake Erie between San- 
 dusky and the mouth of Detroit Rivei-, about 
 eight miles from the Monroe light-Lousu 
 
42(i 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 jind six miles soutliwest of Moiiille light- 
 house, derives its name iroin flie fact that 
 at an early day the Indians sought it as the 
 most desirable place for drying their pelts and 
 skins. 
 
 Saiiscrainte, the lirsl while settler at the 
 Pointe and owner ol' sonu! 200 acres, is said to 
 liave become greatly enamored of a beautiful, 
 sjjarkling French maiden, daughter of one of 
 the neighboring French settlers. The merce- 
 nary young charmer, realizing her power over 
 one who was suing for her heart and hand, 
 coolly bargained for twenty-five acres of her 
 choice from 8anscrainte's land, to he deeded her 
 as a marriage portion. He deeded her the 25 
 acres from the north side in triangular form, 
 with its broad side on Lake Brie, the same 
 premises which were in 18C5 purchased from 
 her son, Sanscrainte built for his bride a sub- 
 stantial log house, siding it with hewn clap- 
 boards, which still stiinds, weather beaten and 
 old, upon the Pointe. 
 
 The Pointe Aux Peaux Company, consisting 
 of four gentlemen, viz.: William A. Noble, 
 Caleb Ives, Joseph M, Sterling and Samuel P, 
 Williams, all early settlers in the Territory 
 before Michigan became a State, was then 
 formed, with a view of field planting on the 
 main land in Monroe county, and Pointe Aux 
 Peaux selected for the reason that it projected 
 so far out into the lake, and the soil like that 
 of the Islands, that it would be admirably 
 adapted to the cultivation of the grape, and 
 being on the main land at all times accessible. 
 This may be regarded as the introduction of 
 field planting that has grown to such wonder- 
 ful jjroportions in Monroe county. Several 
 cottages were built on the lake shore on this 
 tract, which has ever been a delightful summer 
 resort for their families and friends. 
 
 Wine-making was commenced there in 1868, 
 and in 1870 a substantial two-story wine 
 cellar of limestone, brought by vessels from 
 Sandusky, was erected. In 1871 the vintage 
 reached 67,000 pounds of grapes, from which 
 5,000 gallons of wine were manufactured. 
 The Point Aux Peau wines attained a very 
 fine reputation for their purity, and were ex- 
 tensively used for medicinal purposes as well 
 as a beverage. In 1874 44,000 pounds of 
 grapes were taken i'rom the vineyard, $1,200 
 worth sold to the Monroe Wine Company, and 
 the balance made into wine. 
 
 In 1872 the total yield of grapes and wine 
 in Monroe county was 420,000 pounds of 
 grapes and 40,000 gallons of wine, divided as 
 follows: 
 
 Pointe Aux Peau.x Wine Co. 15,000 gals. 
 
 Joseph Weier & Sedlaczek - 15,000 " 
 
 George W. Brackner - 2,000 " 
 
 Others- ... - 8,000 " 
 
 Morrison Pauldint 
 
 20,000 lbs 
 
 In 1873 the committee appointed by the 
 State Pomological Society to examine and 
 report upon vineyards, reported over twenty 
 vineyards in Monroe county in a very 
 flourishing condition, and the grapes and wines 
 therefrom have annuall}- successfully competed 
 with vineyards of the State, and captured first 
 prizes for the best varieties and quality of 
 grapes, 
 
 A great quantity of roots of choice varieties 
 of grapes have for years been annually pur- 
 chased from the Monroe City Nurseries by the 
 farmers in Monroe county, and it would he 
 veiy difficult to give a fair estimate of the 
 number of acres devoted to the culture of 
 grapes therein. In driving in any direction 
 through the county, you rarely pass farms 
 that have not a small portion devoted to the 
 culture of the vines. 
 
 The shipments by rail from depots in the 
 city of Monroe in 1884 .was 49!t,500 pounds ; 
 1885, 161,850 pounds; 1886, 722,655 iiouuds; 
 1887, 1,237,944 pounds. Fully one-third of 
 the croj) is consumed at home, making the 
 product of 1887 1,650,592 pounds. 
 
 The yield is so abundant that (independent 
 of those shipjied in baskets by rail and sold to 
 the manufacturers of wine) it is considered a 
 remunerative crop at 1^ cents per pound. The 
 princijjal manufacturers of wines in Monroe 
 are Jose75h Sedlaczeck, Anton Weier and Ernest 
 Entemau, and their annual sales aggregate 
 640,000.00 and generally held at from 80c. to ' 
 $1.25 per gallon. 
 
 Independent of the nurseries and vineyards 
 heretofore mentioned, a large income is an- 
 nually Idealized by the cultivators of small 
 fruits. Our citizens prominently engaged 
 therein arc : 
 
 Daniel Ilgenfritz, who commenced twelve -, 
 years ago -and has under cultivation 85 acres, j 
 65 acres of which is in rasjjberries, strawber- j 
 ries, blackberries and grapes, the remainder in 1 
 
BUSINESS INTERESTS OF -MONROE. 
 
 -4-j: 
 
 ehoici:' apple and pear lires ; his sales aro all 
 made in foreign markets. 
 
 Fred. Gurtz, an extensive producer, sold 
 50.000 pounds of grapes, and from one acre 00 
 bushels of strawberries, in 1889. 
 
 Edgar C. Ilgenfritz has under cultivation 
 and now in bearing 20 acres of raspberries, in 
 rows 6 feet apart and plants 2 feet apart in 
 the rows, and is annually extending his acre- 
 age ; his shipments this year (1889) were 48ri 
 bushel.s. and he realized a large sum for 
 supplying families in the cit}'. 
 
 Messrs. Soleau & Roberts, dealers, shipped 
 300 bushels of raspberries. 
 
 Monroe countj- has ever been famous for the 
 culture of apples and pears of nearly every 
 variety grown, and this year (1889) the crop of 
 each has been very abundant, and it is difficult 
 if indeed possible to estimate the quantit}' 
 ship])ed b}- rail and transported otherwise by 
 sail and wagon to Toledo and Detroit. 
 
 The culture of grapes tor the past twenty 
 years has been constantly increasing, and re- 
 munerative to those who are properly engaged 
 in it. The county of Monroe is largely indebted 
 for what there is of grape growing to its enter- 
 prising citizen, the Hon. Joseph M. Sterling, 
 who first introduced its field culture, and he was 
 induced to try the experiment by the simi- 
 larity of soil to that on the Put-in Bay and 
 Kelley's Island of Lake Erie, with which soil 
 and grape culture there he had been for years 
 familiar. 
 
 Others have followed his example, and in the 
 course of five years the culture of grapes in 
 the countj' ceased to bo an experiment, and 
 
 there are at tins time over one thousand acres 
 under cullivation. The fact is already- fully 
 demonstrated that our soil and climate are fully 
 as well, if not better, adapted to the raising of 
 the early ripening varieties of grapes than 
 any point on the lake shore, or even on the 
 islands. 
 
 This fact being demonstrated, quite a large 
 number of vines have been annuallj- set out 
 for the past twenty-five years. Monroe countj^ 
 is now second to no place on the lakes in this 
 particular. The varieties grown are the Dela- 
 wai-e, Concord, Catawba Ives Seedlings, Nor- 
 ton's Virginia, and Ilarlford Prolific. 
 
 One of the man}- successful business ventures 
 quietly conducted in the midst of Monroe is 
 that of the wine farm of Mr. Joseph Sedlaczek, 
 owning about four acres of vineyard in the 
 fourth ward. Mr. Sedlaczek is a Bohemian, 
 being born in 1831 at Munchengraetz, and 
 coming to Monroe in 1852 engaged in the 
 manufacture and sale of cigars, which is still 
 carried on by his brother. In 1865 he began 
 experimenting as a wine grower, being one of 
 the first to engage at it in Southern Michigan, 
 and the only survivor of the original experi- 
 menters. His business is altogether wholesale, 
 shipments being to New York and Chicago, 
 and some idea of its magnitude maybe formed, 
 as it takes three years to do an^-thing with the 
 wine. Each year's crop being about fifteen 
 thousand gallons he has at all times two crops 
 in the cellar and one on the books, or a total of 
 nearly fifty thousand gallons. Mr. S. was 
 married in Monroe and has six children, all of 
 whom are living. 
 
CHAPTER XXXI. 
 
 MONROE WATER COMI'ANV. 
 
 ONE of the latest entei-prises undertaken in 
 the city lias been the construction of a 
 comfilete and thorough water system, entirely 
 adequate for fire protection, and so planned as 
 to affoi'd facilities for nearly if not quite every 
 family in the city to avail itself of the oppor- 
 tunity of a sujjplj- of pure water for domestic 
 purposes. 
 
 The need of an enterprise of this kiud has 
 been recognized for many years. A decade ago 
 an enabling act was passed by the legislature, 
 permitting the city to maintain water works, 
 and a number of times previously the subject 
 has been publicly agitated, but without avail. 
 But as the time passed the need grew more ap- 
 parent. The entire fire protection of the city 
 consisted of the river, which furnished means 
 of extiuguisliing fires for a narrow area on 
 either side of the channel, four artesian wells 
 and a few storage cistei'ns. It only needed the 
 conjunction of a strong wind and a fire in a 
 thickly built portion of the city, to produce an 
 almost irrejiarable loss. The dependence for 
 water for domestic purposes was entirely upon 
 wells. These were shallow, being from eight 
 to twenty feet in depth, extending through a 
 stiff clay soil to the limestone rock, which is 
 sometimes struck within three feet of the sur- 
 face. It would naturally follow that in an old 
 settled city like Monroe, the soil would become 
 saturated with impurities from staliles, out- 
 houses, chicken ytirds, pig pens, cow stables, 
 and ces.spools, and the concentrated essence of 
 this filth leached into the clay, would eventually 
 appear in the water supply. 
 
 For some years past another discomfort has 
 been added. Probably owing to the clearing 
 up of the forests and the consequent drying up 
 of the springs, the supply of water in the wells 
 lias been failing even- summer. Fevers and 
 zymotic diseases have made their appearance 
 each year. 
 
 With this state of affaij-s j)resent in their 
 
 minds the city officials in 1888 began a move- 
 ment toward the creation of a system of water 
 works. The press and public opinion urged 
 them forward. Sevei-al attempts were made 
 and a number of f)lans submitted. Finally 
 J. D. Cook, a hydrographicengiueer of national 
 rejmte, was employed to make plans and speci- 
 fications suitable for the city. The source of 
 suj^ply was determined uj)on as Lake Erie, at 
 a point between the light-house and Stony 
 Point, whei'c a depth of sixteen feet of water 
 could be obtained. This is far enough re- 
 moved from the channel which the Eaisin takes 
 into the lake to obviate all danger from sewage, 
 and at the same time sufficiently remote from 
 the mouth of the Detroit Hiver to be reasonably 
 secure from any contamination which that 
 stream might bring. 
 
 With these plans, and an elaborate system of 
 distribution, so planned as to reach all parts of 
 the city, both for fire protection and domestic 
 supply, the council advertised for bidders to 
 build these works, accepting a franchise, and 
 the city to agree to rent a specified number of 
 hydrants, at an agreed annual price, with pro- 
 vision for extension of the system, if needed or 
 desired. 
 
 The various proposals were opened on Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1889, and the lowest bidders were 
 found to he W. S. Parker & Co., of Pontiac, 
 Michigan. Upion the acceptance of their propo- 
 sition by the common council, the " Monroe 
 Water Company " was organized, with W. S. 
 Parker as president, George M. Landou secre- 
 tary, and George Spalding as treasurer. This 
 company was duly incorporated, but owing to 
 delays in getting at work a reorganization was 
 effected later. Mr. Parker retiring from the com- 
 pany. The works ai-e now being rapidly 
 pushed to completion. 
 
 Commencing at a point in the lake where :i 
 defith of seventeen feet of water can be ob- 
 tained, a crib is sunk into which the water 
 
 [428J 
 
MOXROE WATKR CdMrANY. 429 
 
 -apply is admilteil fridu llie lake. TIk'hcc il is One or more fountains in the |)iililic sKjuare 
 taken by t\vent3--inch mains, submerged in the and elsewliero are included in the rental, to 
 lake and carried in a closed trench when the gelher with drinking troughs fbi- teams. The 
 land is reached, about a mile to the northwest. rental paid by the city for one hundred and 
 where the influent ])ipe opens into a well. thirty-two hydrants, as contemplated in the 
 divided into two sections. The ]>umping sta- moditied plan, is §G,200 per annum, and the 
 tion is contiguous to this well, and su)iplied franchise provides for the purchase of the 
 with two direct pressure engines of the Worth- works by the city at any time within a year 
 ington pattern, capable of forcing 3.000,(100 from their completion to the .satisfaction of the 
 gallons of water every twenty-four hours. city and Mr. Cook, or at any time after ten 
 From this supply well the water is carried in a 3ears. upon favoi-ablc terms. 
 si.\teen-inch cast iron main to the city limits. Under the energetic direction of the chief 
 and there connection is made with the distribu- engineer of the company, Mr. Fullei-. the works 
 tion system, consisting of twelve, eight, six and are rapidly approaching completion. The 
 four-inch pipe. benefit to the city cannot fail to be great and 
 The original plan contemplated the use of permanent, and their inception and construe- 
 61.256 feet of pipe of the different sizes, or a tion arc indicative of the spirit of safe and con- 
 total length of pipe in distribution and supply servativo progress which actuates the Monroe 
 of over thirteen miles. This has beeti but of today, 
 slightly modified in the actual construction. 
 
CHAPTER XXXII. 
 
 BENEVOr.KNT ANU SOCIAL CLUBS AND SOCIP^TIES. 
 
 ST. MICHAEL'S COMMANDERY, KNIGHTS OF 
 ST. JOHN. 
 
 THE object for which this commaiidery is 
 organized is the relief of side members, 
 in cases where such sicliness has not been 
 caused by immoralities; the visitation of the 
 sick ; the burial of the dead ; in the discretion 
 of the comraandery to relieve destitute families 
 of deceased members ; to counsel and direct its 
 members to the utmost of its ability in the 
 manner best calculated to promote their spirit- 
 ual and temporal welfare; and to instill into 
 their minds at all times and under all circum- 
 stances, a stern resolve to stand by the faith 
 bequeathed them by their forefathers. 
 
 The commandery provide and furnish its 
 members the equipments of the Order, includ- 
 ing swords, belts, feathers and chapeaux, which 
 are the property of the Order, and the uniform 
 on jjarade compares very favorably with that 
 ofour best military conipanies, and great credit 
 is accorded them for their precision and prompt- 
 ness in adhering to all the rules of discipline in 
 marching and exercises. 
 
 The stated meetings are the first Monday in 
 each montii, and drill once in each week from 
 April to October. The initiation fee is three 
 dollars, and dues arc fitly eencs per month. 
 
 This society was organized March 27,1887,by 
 the following named charter members : Andrew 
 Mitchell, William Heil, Frank Daiber, Ed. J. 
 Schreiber, Milton B. Soleau, John M. Heck, John 
 A. Martin, Erhart Schrauder, Henry C. Schrau- 
 der, Philip .Schaub, Andre^w Baier, H. D. Hoff- 
 man,JacobMartin,JosephS. Perth, PhilijjEeese. 
 
 The present officers are: John M. Heck, 
 president ; Milton B. .Soleau, vice president ; 
 H. C. Schreiber, corresponding secretary; H. J. 
 Hoffman, financial secretary ; F. J. Yeager, 
 treasurer; Andrew Mitchell, captain; Frank 
 Daiber, first lieutenant ; Erhart Schrauder, 
 second lieutenant. 
 
 Present membership, '2'J. 
 
 THE Q. F. CLUB. 
 
 The Q. F. Club was organized in 1868, and 
 for several years maintained a gymnasium and 
 club rooms in the Dansard block, 18 East 
 Front street, where they frequently gave ex- 
 hibitions of grand and lofty tumbling and the 
 manly art. They frequently entertained at 
 the club rooms, and particularly a society of 
 young ladies known as the " Bean Eaters," who 
 were wont to meet once a week and consume 
 Boston baked beans. The Leadville excite- 
 mens and otber causes took most of the mem- 
 bers from Monroe, and the club rooms were 
 given up. But the organization and two old 
 customs have been kept up to the present time: 
 One of having a picture taken of all the mem- 
 bers on the 1st of January of each year and 
 exchanging, and the other of jjresenting each 
 member, on taking a partner for better or for 
 woi'se, with a club present, usuall}' a silver 
 tea set. 
 
 THE O. L. CLUB. 
 
 In June, 1873, A. N. Perkins, W. C. Waldorf, 
 W. P. Sterling, A. B. Diffenbaugh, F. S. Ster- 
 ling and George C. Loranger, desiring " to have 
 a place to go to," as one member expressed it, 
 formed the 0. L. Club, and opened a fine suite of 
 club rooms in the Dansard Bank block, con- 
 sisting of billiard room, dining room and par- 
 lors, all elaborately furnished with everything 
 nccessar_v to the enjoyment of club life, and 
 with special reference to the entertaining of 
 friends. The rooms are kept open every eve- 
 ning, except Sunday, the year round. Some 
 of the receptions given by the members are re- 
 membered and described as the finest ever 
 given in the city. They have entertained more 
 and their hospitality been extended more gen- 
 erally than anj' other association in the Floral 
 City. 
 
 [430] 
 
CHAPTKR WXIII 
 
 THK MEDICAL l'K( iFKSSION. 
 
 DR. JOSHPII DAZI-:T was the first physi- 
 cian tiiat settled upon the Hiver Raisin, 
 .•ind came in the j'car 1784. Ho was a native 
 of France. His ])ractice was limited to the 
 French and Indians, as at that time there were 
 no American residents. He had the reputation 
 of being a successful practitioner. His resi- 
 dence and office occupied the site now owned 
 and occupied by I. K. Ilgenfritz. I remember 
 well of seeing him and his wife, bent over with 
 age, in our vicinity. They had no offspring. 
 The3- removed to Detroit in 1830. and tiiere 
 died. 
 
 Dr. Lullier Parker was one of the first set- 
 tlers on the Eivcr Raisin after the War of 1812. 
 lie was a successful practiti(mer and had an 
 established reputation as such. On the an-ival 
 of Dr. Harry Couant (a biography of whom 
 maybe fouml on page 150) a copartnership was 
 formed, which continued a number of j'oars. 
 l>r. Luther Parker's family consisted of two 
 
 Honjamin !•'.. an undertaUei- of .Monroe. Doc- 
 tor Adams owned and occupied as a residence 
 the farm on the north side of the River Raisin, 
 two miles west of Monroe, now owned and oc- 
 cupied by Clinton Southworth, while his office 
 was on the corner of Monree street ami FIni 
 avenue. 
 
 (;i:ORGE LANDON, M. I). 
 
 Dr. George Landoii was burn at Sheffield, 
 Massachusetts, J.)ecember Ifi, 179."), being the 
 youngest of fifteen children. Losing his mother 
 at an earlv age he found a home with his sis- 
 ter, the wife of .Imlge Bishop, of Pittsfield. 
 Here he received his education, attending the 
 academj', then reading medicine in the office 
 of Dr. Burgett, a distinguished physician of 
 those days, and sub.sequently attended lectures 
 in New Haven. 
 
 He commenced the jjractico of medicine in 
 sons, Samuel and Isaac; the latter died soon the town of Great Barrington, and occupied 
 after he attained his majority. Samuel eon- an office in connection with the poet Brj'ant, 
 tinned to reside in Monroe until a few years who had just begun the practice of law. While 
 before his death, when he removed to Toledo standing in their office door one evening, at 
 and lived with his son. Dr. Sewall Parker, a sunset, they saw the flight of birds which sug- 
 practicing phvsician of the new school of gested to the poet his inimitable lines, " To a 
 liomn'Opathic physicians. Water Fowl.'' 
 
 Doctor Robert Clark came to Monroe under From Great Barrimjton he removed to Hich- 
 
 aii ai)pointment of General Andrew Jackson as 
 registrar of the land office. The reader is 
 referred for biography to page 145. 
 
 Doctor Kphraim Adams came in 1824 from 
 Watertown, Jeft'erson county. New York. He 
 was a liberalU' educated ph3-sician, had an ex- 
 trnsive jiractite, and was highly esteemed as a 
 physician and citizen up to the time of his 
 death, which occurred in 1874. He left two 
 (laughters, Frances and Mar^- — the latter of 
 whom married Owen Cooncy, of Monroe — and 
 five sons; James G., of Defiance, Ohio; 
 Joseph G., of Saginaw City; James T., of East 
 Saginaw: Thomas, a law^-er of Moni-oe; and 
 
 mond, Massachusetts, and on the 15th of Feb- 
 ruarj-, 1825, was mai-ried to Miss Elizabeth 
 Abhy Noble, daughter of Deodatus Noble, of 
 Williamstown, Massachusetts. 
 
 In the fall of iHIil lie removed with his 
 familj- to 5Ii)nroo, Michigan, in order to avoid 
 the rigors of an eastern winter. In May, 18.35, 
 he formed a ])artnership in his profession with 
 Dr. William ^I. Smith, which continued till 
 the death of the latter, a period of fortj- years. 
 
 His wife died August 16, 1834, leaving two 
 daughters. On September 6, 1830, he married 
 Mi.ss Euphemia Alaria McQueen, daughter of 
 Jiidge McQueen, of Schenectady, New 'i'ork. 
 
 [431] 
 
4?>2 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 hv wlioiii h" had luur cliililren, who survive 
 him. 
 
 In 18(i0 he \v:is elcefetl couiity treasurer by 
 the Republican parly, and in ls(;2 appointed 
 surgeon of the board of enrollment for the first 
 district of Miehigan. This office he held till 
 the clo.so of the war. He died on March 9, 
 187-J, after an illness of five months, which he 
 bore with Christian fortitude. 
 
 He was a man of rare gifts, fine presence 
 and courteous manners, while his abounding 
 cheerfulness and hopeful sympathy carried 
 sunshine into the sick-room. His tastes were 
 refined and his reading extensive. He not only 
 kept abreast of the times in his profession, read- 
 ing constantly the bestforeign and home medical 
 journals and books, but was a loving student 
 of genei'al literature, and fond of the English 
 classics. AVith charity and love for mankind, 
 he was foremost in all movements for the 
 amelioration of his race. A man of strict in- 
 tegrity, he cherished a hearty contempt for 
 meanness and duplictj*. He was charming in 
 social life, gifted with a ready wit, and an in- 
 imitable etory-teder. 
 
 He was a Christian gentleman of broad and 
 liberal views, and a consistent member of the 
 Presbyterian church, of which he was an elder 
 for many years. His witty sayings are still 
 repeated and his memory lovingl}- cherished in 
 the families to whom he was a sympathizing 
 friend and beloved phj-sician. 
 
 EDWARD DORSCH, 
 
 For thirty-seven years a practicing physician 
 in the city of Monroe, is a native of Wuerz- 
 burg, Bavaria, Germany, where he was born 
 January 10, 1822, his parents being Francis L. 
 and Elizabeth (Hartung) Dorscb, the former 
 a prominentattache of the Bavarian court, who 
 died in 1825. In 1828, at the early age of 
 eight, he was sent to a celebrated Catholic in- 
 stitute, where for a number of years he was the 
 only Protestant pupil, and which he left in his 
 eighteenth year to attend the Munich Univer- 
 sity, from which he graduated with a diploma 
 in his twenty-third year. By order of the 
 Bavarian Government he was sent to Vienna to 
 perfect his theoretical knowledge by actual 
 practice in the hospitals at that place. In 
 addition to the medical course at Munich he 
 
 took up the study of philosophy, botany, nat- 
 ural historj' and kindred sciences. An active 
 thinker and ready writer, in the spring of 
 1840 he became an exile from the land of his 
 nativity, the tone of bis articles not being in 
 accord with the government in power. With 
 a large number of emigrants he was driven out 
 by reason of their political faith during the un- 
 successful revolution, he acting in the capacity 
 of surgeon. 
 
 On his arrival in New York he was nnirried 
 to Sophia Hartung, who was born in Ingold- 
 stadt. Bavaria, Germany, June 15, 1827, and 
 with whom he lived until her death in Sep- 
 tember, 1884. They had one son, who died 
 when but eight months of age. At fii-st be 
 went from New York to Detroit, but in the fall 
 of the year he learned from Mr. Bruckner, a 
 pirominevit German, that there was a good 
 opening in Monroe for a German physician, so 
 he came there in October, 1849, and made it his 
 residence until bis death on his sixty-fifth 
 birthday, January 10, 1887. After the death 
 of his first wife he again married November 4, 
 1885, his second wife being Augusta, daughter 
 of Frederick and Friedieke (Korte) Ilhl. 
 
 From his earliest citizenship he was a staunch 
 Republican, and in 1860 was presidential elector 
 from what was then the second district, on the 
 ticket which was headed by Abraham Lincoln. 
 He never took any active part in politics, and 
 steadfastly persisted in refusing all local offices, 
 accepting only for one term, November 5, 1872, 
 to November, 1878, an appointment on the 
 State board of education. In 1862 he was ap- 
 pointed examining surgeon for the pension 
 office, which position he held up to the date of 
 his death. During the time he was pension 
 examiner he prepared a draft showing the 
 course and effects of a ball on the human body, 
 which was afterward adopted and is used by 
 the Pension Department at the present day. 
 
 In addition to being a thorough physician 
 and surgeon, he was a deep thinker and an 
 alile writer, and from his college days was 
 much sought for as a correspondent, both in 
 prose and poetry, by weekly and monthly pub- 
 lications. The force of his articles while at 
 Munich and Vienna, and the position he thereii\ 
 took, caused him to be exiled from Bavaria at 
 the close of the German Revolution. Shortly 
 after his settlement in Monroe, and perhaps his 
 first literary venture outside of contributions 
 
C^'^<^f^^^ -ti^-^'^'^:-^ ^.^-^ 
 
THF. MKDICAI. PROFESSION. 
 
 483 
 
 to m:i'4;i/.iiies, \v;i^ a voliiinc of |ioomH, I'lititled 
 " Hii'tcn Briefe an inein Volk." Of this, critics 
 say ho was a master of words, and handled the 
 subject in a masterly manner. In 1875 lie 
 published a pamphlet, " Parabasen," and his 
 last work, which appeared in 1884 and was 
 l>ublishcd by the New York International 
 News Company, was christened " Liedcr ans 
 der Alton and Neuen Welt." 
 
 Critics speak in terms of the highest jiraisc 
 when reviewing the works of Dr. Dorseh. Ho 
 was a deep thinker, in fact too deep for the 
 master, as the thinker overruled the poet, and 
 while holding himself to logic of tlie strictest 
 kind, he does not permit his ej-cs to rove in 
 Iteaiitiful ecstasies; still it would be doing him 
 an injustice to say he did not feol real inspira- 
 tion, as with the head of a philo-sopher and 
 heart of a poet, he worked or blended the two 
 together in the most of his poetical works. 
 Yet, perhaps some of them would have been 
 better had the}- been written in prose, as in 
 many cases, carried away by the inspiration of 
 his theme, throwing his entire soul into the 
 subject in hand, and with an earnest desire to 
 create in the reader tlie same determined oppo- 
 sition to slavery and ardent love for freedom 
 which inspired him, his argument and the 
 language was so strong that the verses oft- 
 times lost their harmony. 
 
 As to hi.s last work, " Lioder aus der Alton 
 und Neuen Welt," it is characteristic of the man 
 and the poet, and gave scope to powers which 
 were not known, perhaps even to himself, until 
 this opportunity afforded him the chance to 
 use it to the uttermost. To his own keen in- 
 sight and intense .sympathy he owes everything 
 of value in his writings. An ardent lover of 
 books and a just critic in art, he throw his 
 whole soul out an<l showed his innermost 
 thought and feeling, until hi.s poems were so 
 beautiful and rich in thought and quaint ex- 
 pression you could almost call them pictures. 
 They give the inner and ontcr life of a high- 
 minded, tine-feeling and warm-hearted, talented 
 man, of whom the editor of the ■' Deutsche 
 Amerikaniscbc Dichtung," in speaking of Dr. 
 Dorseh, says he was one of the most prominent 
 German-American poets, one of the purest, 
 noblest and worthiest priests, who died while 
 soaring in the zenith of his fame as a poet and 
 writer. 
 
 Were it possible for us to translate into 
 
 Kfiglish and preserve; the force and expression 
 of the original, we feel that fordopthof thought, 
 warmth of fooling and terseness of expressicin 
 the writings of Dr. Dorseh would equal those 
 of a Longt'ellow or a Whittici-. In addition to 
 hi.s almost innumerable original poems, cover- 
 ing over forty 3-ears, mostly written by the in- 
 spiialion of nature while visiting his piitients, 
 lie had the rai-e faculty of gnisping the idea of 
 the author, and his translations of lOnglish 
 poets into the German tongue are conceded to 
 be masterpieces of art, and will of themselves 
 make his name a shining star in the firmatnent 
 of Gorman literatui-e. On his death he left a 
 large collection of manuscript poems, which 
 are from time to time ])ubiished in different 
 German pa])ers. 
 
 Personally. Dr. Dorseh was of a verj' retiring 
 disposition. A careful student, he was bound 
 up in his books, and while a great favorite witli 
 all who knew him, generous to a fault, he had 
 few intimates, and his warmest and truest 
 friends were his books. A connoisseur in art 
 he gathered a fine collection of artistic works, 
 and on his death several thousand volumes of 
 his valuable library were donated to the Uni- 
 versitv of Michigan at Ann .\rbor. 
 
 DK. SIL.4S R. AK.\'(»LI) 
 
 Was born August 17, 1810, at FairHcld, Herki- 
 mer county, New York. He was educated at 
 Little Falls, and received his diploma in Albany 
 as assistant surgeon. He entered the service 
 of the United States July 1, 1837, and was 
 stationed first at Fort Dodge, Southern Florida, 
 afterwards at Sault Ste. Marie, where he re- 
 signed from the service, preferring private 
 practice. He there married hisfii-st wife. Miss 
 Jane llolliday. by whom he had five children, 
 only one of whom survives him — Mary, wlio 
 is teaching in the high school at Chattanooga. 
 Tennessee. 
 
 He came to Monroo in 1840 and entered 
 upon the practice of his profession. From his 
 long experience in the army he was a very suc- 
 cessful practitioner, and stooil high in his pr(»- 
 fe.ssion as a surgeon. In 1857 he married for 
 his second wife Miss Marianne Norman, of 
 Monroe, Michigan. He was a consistent mem- 
 ber of the Protestant Episcopal church ; was 
 junior warden, in 1842, and at the death of the 
 
434 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MTCHIGAN. 
 
 senior warden Jonadiuii Stevens, was elected 
 senior warden, and lield the jjosition up to the 
 time of iiis deatii, wliicdi occurred March 9, 
 1875. 
 
 CHARLES TRACY S(^FTHW()RTH, M. D., 
 
 Was born May 19, 1827, at Covontrj', Chenango 
 county, New York. lie ^vas a son of Dr. 
 Tracy Southworth (a practicing physician and 
 for many years copartner of Dr. George Lan- 
 don) and Ruth M. Easton Southworth, both of 
 Otsego county. New Y^ork, the one of English 
 descent, tlie other of German. When he was 
 sixteen his parents moved to Monroe, where 
 they lived until their death, that of his father 
 occurring in vSeptember, 1844, and of his mother 
 in September, 1859. 
 
 He received his classical education at Oberlin, 
 Ohio, and at the Michigan University, and at- 
 tended his iirst course of medical lectures at 
 the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New 
 York in 1845, suhsequeiitlv taking the course 
 of si.\ months uuder Ricord and Trousseau in 
 Paris, and spending two years as interne in a 
 hospital at Madrid, Sjsain, graduating at the 
 University Madrid in May, 1849. In Septem- 
 ber, 1849, he settled in Havana, Cuba, from 
 which, in March, 1851, he went to Matamoras, 
 Mexico, M'hence, in October of that year, he 
 removed to Vera Cruz. In A])ril, 185:^, he was 
 commissioned division surgeon of cavahy by 
 General Santa Anna, on his return to Mexico as 
 dictatoi-, and accompanied him to the city of 
 Mexico, retaining his commission as surgeon 
 until the abdication of Santa Anna in 1855. In 
 September of that year he sent in his resigna- 
 tion, and in the following April was appointed 
 surgeon general of the army of the North by 
 Santiago Vidaiirri, then governor and comman- 
 der-in-chief of the forces of Coahuila and 
 Nueva Leon. In 1857 he resigned the commis- 
 sion of Vidaurri, and returned to the city of 
 Mexico, which he left by way of Acapulco in 
 October of the following j'car, ari-iving at Mon- 
 roe, Michigan, January 5, 1859. 
 
 lie was mai-ried Februar3- 9, 1859, to Frances 
 TI. l')l:ikelee, who died June 28, 1865, leaving 
 him two daughters. 
 
 In Pebrury, 18G;), he was commissioned sur- 
 geon of the Eighteenth Michigan Volunteer 
 Imantry, but resigned liis commission. June 
 11. 18(j4. on account of ill health. 
 
 In September, 18f!5, he was married to Kliza 
 Jane Clark, who with three children, two sons 
 and a daughter, survives him. 
 
 On returning from the war he again entered 
 into active jjractice, which he enjoyed until his 
 death, which occurred on August 12, 1884, as 
 the result of an injury to the heart, received 
 l)y a runaway team running into his carriage 
 from behind while he was driving on his way 
 to Maybee on February 26th preceding. Tie 
 suffered greatly from that time until his deatii. 
 
 He was a jirominent member of the Ameri- 
 can Medical Association ; also of the Michigan 
 State Medical Society, of which he was fourth 
 vice president in 1868, and first vice president 
 in 1869 ; also of the Southern Michigan and 
 Northern Indiana Medical Society, and its 
 president when it held its meeting at Monroe, 
 Michigan, in 1876. 
 
 He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 a Royal Arch Mason, and High Priest of River 
 Raisin Chapter, No. 22. 
 
 In politics, he was a Democrat always, al- 
 though never a politician. 
 
 CHARLES TRACY SOUTHWORTH, .li-., M. D.. 
 
 Son of Charles Tracy and Eliza J. Clark South- 
 worth, was born at Monroe, Michigan, Decem- 
 ber 12, 18G6. At the age of sixteen ho gradu- 
 oted at the Monroe high school, and in the fol- 
 lowing September entered the Michigan College 
 of Medicine at Detroit. This institution he 
 atten<led for two years, when it became tin- 
 Detroit College of Medicine, at which lie 
 studied for one year longer, and graduated in 
 March, 1886. In September oi' that year he 
 went to New Y'ork and entered the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons, where his father had 
 attended foi'fy-one years before. 
 
 During the winter of 1886 and 1887 he 
 served a term of four months in the surgical 
 department of the New Tork Hospital. In 
 June, 1887, he returned to Monroe, Michigiin, 
 and on June 6th he opened his office at his 
 Aither's old stand, where he is now in active 
 practice. 
 
 On Januaiy 30, 1889, he was married to 
 Nellie P. Cochran, of Monroe. . v , - _ 5' 
 
 He is a member of the American Medical 
 Association, which he joined at Newport, Rhode 
 Island, in June, 1889, ard of the Michigan 
 State Medical Society, which he joined in 1887. 
 
-^s^^ 
 
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 435 
 
 It is tjciionilly ailmittod tlial tlio doctor is a 
 }-oung man of extraordinaiy qualification.-; and 
 promise. '. . U:~ . ^, ;c _ ;i . 
 
 WILLIAM C. WEST 
 
 "Was born in Allegany county, >[arylanc|. 
 FebruarN- 2G, 1834 ; graduated from College of 
 Phj-sicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, Iowa. 
 He pursued his studies still further at St, Louis, 
 Missouri, where be attended lectures and prac- 
 ticed his profession in one of tlic large hosjMtals 
 of that citj- for some time. Dr. "West was mai-- 
 ricd in Georgetown. Mi-ssouri, to Miss Mary, 
 daughter of Judge Brown of Kentucky, and 
 settled in Sedalia, Missouri, where he practiced 
 for some j-ears. Here two daughters were 
 born: Anna M. and Ileiiniebelle : his wife did 
 not long survive the birth of the latter. Dr. 
 "V\'est was married in Monroe, Michigan, in 
 1864 to Miss Eliza, daughter of Christopher 
 Bruckner, a prominent and highly-educated 
 citizen of Monroe. A son and daughter were 
 born of this union: William B. and Mabel. 
 Dr. AVest continued to practice his profession 
 in the South until failing health required a 
 change, when after .several years he returned 
 to Monroe, where for some j-ears he had an ex- 
 tensive practice, but bis health again required 
 a change and he settled in Chicago. Here his 
 talented and very promising daughter Hennic- 
 belle died, and soon after the Doctor returned 
 to Monroe. He has identified himself with 
 many of the interests of the city, among which 
 ranks pi-ominent in notice Woodland cemeterj-. 
 Owing to the Doctor's unflagging zeal a cor- 
 poration was formed and the ccnicterj- was im- 
 proved and put upon an almost self supporting 
 basis. His son, "William H. West, after graduating 
 at the Monroe High School, entered the Detroit 
 Medical College, from which he graduated iti 
 1889. While in Detroit he practiced as a ph}-- 
 sician in one of the largest hospitals. Soon 
 after his graduation he received an appoint- 
 ment as physican at Lake Tjinden, where he 
 now resides. 
 
 I'lIILA-NDER SHELDON ROOT, M. D. 
 
 When Horace Greeley gave his advice to the 
 j-oung man to ■' Go West,'' he simply put into 
 words the spirit which has been tho moving 
 spring of American progress. 
 
 Ft was among the earlier liaiids of emigrants 
 who started to spy out the land, early in the 
 present century, that two brothers, William 
 and Elihu Boot, left Great Barrington, Connec- 
 ticut, bound for the undefined. Following the 
 Connecticut river to the Berkshire Hills, they 
 reached the mountains which fringe the Hud- 
 son. Across that river, to the north, the blue 
 Adirondacks loomed hazily in the far distance, 
 and to the south the Kaatskills seemed to bar 
 the way. Between these, a gateway to the land 
 they sought, was the valley of the Moiiawk, 
 and up this valley they took their way. Earlier 
 settlers who had preceded thcin had located 
 the lands nearest the Hudson, and it was not 
 till they had penetrated a hundred miles 
 into the wilderness that they pitched 
 their tents and began the work of building 
 homes. That wilderness where they settled is 
 now Oneida county. New York, one of the 
 fairest of the many fair counties in that im- 
 perial commonwealth. 
 
 It was near the present town of Vernon the 
 brothers settled, and began their warfare with 
 reluctant nature, to make the wilderness to 
 blossom as the rose. Their sturdy worth made 
 them of inrtuence in the communitj'. Their 
 children gi-ew about them, and one by one 
 stepped forth to perlorm with honor their 
 allottoil duties among the world of men. The 
 old pioneers have long since lieen gathered be- 
 neath the churchyard mould, and where their 
 lonely cabins once stood, the ej-e maj- .see over 
 vallej-, plain and mountain the monument of 
 their work. 
 
 Elihu Root left to ])erpctuatc his name 
 seven sons: Philander Sheldon, a prominent 
 judge at L'tica, New York ; O. 1*. Hoot, of more 
 than local fame as an engineer and railroad 
 builder, having planned and constructed a jjor- 
 tion of the elevated rail wa}' in New York City; 
 Eiiakim, an educator of note in Eastern New 
 York; Orin, for many 3-ears a ])rofessor in 
 Hamilton College: Huet, a lawyer of ability 
 and promise, but whose bright career was 
 brouicht to an untimely clo.si' in early life; 
 Elihu, who likewise dieil young, and Erastus 
 Clark Root, who, following in the footste])s of 
 his father Elihu, was a tiller of Irlie soil. Elihu 
 Root, jr., a son of Prof Orin Root, and a lawyer 
 of marked ability, was prominently mentioned 
 for a cabinet place as attorney-general of the 
 United States durinu the Artlnir ailministration. 
 
436 
 
 HISTORY (IF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 To Erasfu.s Clark Jioof. and his wife Jane 
 (French) Root were born six childi-cn, one of 
 whom is dead. The youngest of these children, 
 the subject of the present sketch, was l)orn in 
 the old homestead, April 26, 185G. He led the 
 life of a farmer's boy in his earlier years, hut 
 there liuriied in his breast that desiri' for edu- 
 cation which fbrces its possessor over any 
 obstacle \\ hieli adverse fortune may throw in 
 his wa3-. The '• midnight oil" was to him far 
 more than a poetic fiction : it was a sad reality. 
 After an ordinary education he entered Ver- 
 non Academy, whence he graduated in 1872 at 
 the age of sixteen. The succeeding } ear young 
 Root began the world for himself as a peda- 
 gogue, and for six years was engaged in teach- 
 ing. The earlier portion of this time he was 
 employed near home. Then he came to Ohio, 
 and for a time taught near Springfield. In 
 1876, at the age of twenty, having determined 
 upon the profession of medicine as his life work, 
 he returned to Vernon and entered the office of 
 Dr. F. A. Gary as a student. While pursuing 
 his medical studies, he continued teacliing till 
 1879. Dr. Gary being a graduate of Detroit 
 Medical College, recommended his pupil to 
 that institution. He matriculated in 1879, and 
 graduated in 1881 with the reputation of being 
 one of the hardest workers of his class. 
 
 At his graduation and while he was casting 
 about for a place to display his newly gilt 
 shingle, 3'oung Root, now "Dr." Root, acci- 
 dentallj^ met Dr. W. C. West, of Monroe, who 
 was then contemplating a removal to the Soulli- 
 west, and desired to dispose of his office and 
 practice. Dr. Root accompanied Dr. West to 
 Monroe to look over the field, and although 
 he found a discouragingly large number of 
 people who wcrecheerfuUyjieggingawayat the 
 age of three score and ten and upwards, and a 
 lugubrious aspect of health seemed prevalent, 
 he evidently found some inducement to remain 
 and the deal was consummated, and Dr. Root 
 entered upon the practice of his profession in 
 our midst. On September 15, 1881, Dr. Root 
 made another bargain with Dr. West's family, 
 but this time it was with Anna M., Dr. West's 
 charming and accomplished eldest daughter. 
 From this nuirriage has resulted two children, 
 Erastus Clark Root, aged seven, and Mary B. 
 Root, aged three years. 
 
 Dr. Root's professional success has been of a 
 remarkably agreeable nature. While the 
 
 usual diseases incident to our latitude have 
 engaged his attention, he has proven specially 
 successful in thoseailments of the lungs and air 
 passages which are largely prevalent in this 
 county, |)i-obabl_y induced by the low-l3ing 
 character of the land, the proximity of large 
 bodies of water and the resulting dampness. 
 
 Believing that study is essential to progress, 
 and alwaj^s aiming to keep in the front rank, 
 Dr. Root is an earnest and a practical student. 
 Earl}- in his professional career he began the 
 practice of keeping .systematic notes and data 
 of interesting and intricate cases. The results 
 of his observations liave in many instances 
 been published as monographs in various 
 medical p)ublications, among which are the 
 Medical Age, Medical Record, Therapeutic 
 Gazette, American Lancet, etc., and the editors 
 are always glad to welcome liis fresh and timely 
 articles. 
 
 For the past eight years he has held the 
 appointment of physician to the Monroe county 
 house, and for three years has been surgeon of 
 the Lake Shore and Micliigan Southern Rail- 
 way. 
 
 The burdens of a large and increasing pro- 
 fessional practice have not sufficed to smother 
 his taste for literarj' studies, nor stifle his inter- 
 est in the cause of education; nor have the 
 cares of the household been pernutted to weaken 
 the literary pleasures of his talented wife. For 
 some years Dr. Root has been a jiainstaking 
 and earnest member of the board of education, 
 and the recent marked improvement in our 
 |)ublie schools is to him a source of gratification 
 
 GEORGE FRANCIS HE/VTH. 
 
 George Francis Heath was born in Warsaw, 
 Wyoming county, New Vork, September 20, 
 1850. Ancestry : i^aternal side, early settlers 
 in Berkshire county, Massachusetts; maternal 
 side, early settlers in Rutland county, Ver- 
 mont; grandparents settled immediately after 
 the W'ar of 1812 in Wyoming county, New 
 York. On account of mother's death in 1860, 
 and father entering the army in 1861, he went 
 to reside with an uncle, Dr. W. W. Hibbard, of 
 Poultney, Vermont, where he attended the 
 public, private and commercial schools and 
 assisted in drug store for seven years. 
 
 In 1870, Mr. Heath took the advice of Horace 
 
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 437 
 
 Groeley and '• went west,'' liringing uj) in War- 
 reiisbura;. Missouri, where liis fatlier liail located 
 at the close of the war. Graduated in tlio high 
 school of that city in 1871, he had entered ad- 
 vanced classes in the State Normal school 
 located there in 1871, when on tlie Ist of Janu- 
 ary, 1872, he was placed in charge of the ci(y 
 postoffice, the postmaster having become a 
 defaulter to the Government for several thou- 
 sand dollars. He held this position until June, 
 1876. when he retired to enter the drug busi- 
 ness, in which he continued until tiie fall 
 of 1879. On December 25, 1870, he was married 
 to Lucy M. Kaj'hill; has one child living, a boy 
 about four years old. 
 
 In 1877 he was clei'ted alderman of the third 
 ward of the city of Wai-rensburg on the liepub- 
 lican ticket. He declined a renomination. but 
 the vote at election resulting iu a tie. at tlie 
 request of both parties he continued in office 
 and served the second term. 
 
 In September, 1879, he entered the Medical 
 Department of the University of Michigan at 
 Ann Arbor, graduating in 1881. In June (jf 
 this year he was appointed by the board of 
 regents resident physician and surgeon in 
 ciiarge of University Hospital. During the 
 three years in charge over three thousand eight 
 hundred patients were treated, a much larger 
 number than has ever been cared for in the 
 same length of time, either before or since. 
 Resigned in June, 1884, to enter general prac 
 lice at Monroe, Michigan, succeeding the late 
 Dr. C. T. Southworth. Is division surgeon, 
 district of Toledo, Michigan Central Kailroad, 
 and a member of the State Medical Society 
 since 1881. 
 
 (tEOUGK BAKCL.\Y McCALLU.M, M. 1). 
 
 Dr. George Barclay MeC'allura is the third 
 child and oldest living son of John and Marian 
 .McCallum, and is of Scotch descent. When liis 
 lather, J(jhn, who was born in the North of 
 Scotland in 1818, was three years of age, lie 
 removed with his father to near Paislej'. in 
 Renfrewshire, Scotland. Here his boyhood, 
 youth, and a portion of his manhood, were 
 spent. Ho received a fair education during his 
 early years, and at the age of fourteen entered 
 the employ of an elder brother to learti the 
 trade of a tannei'. He continued with his 
 
 brothel- about fourteen ^-ears. Four3ears later, 
 being then an inhabitant of St. George parish, 
 Renfrewshire, he married Marian Lawson, of 
 the parish of Abbey, in the same shire. 
 
 For some time the eyes of McCallum and his 
 brother had been turned to America, and his 
 marriage was but the preliminary step toward 
 making a home beyond the seas. Shortly 
 after his marriage John McCallum and his wife, 
 accompanied by.his brother and his family and 
 their grandmother, set sail for America About 
 a month was consumed in the voyage, and they 
 landed in New York, May 20, 1850. Here 
 they found employment, and John remained 
 there till late in 1854, during which time two 
 children, Margaret and John, were born unto 
 them. John died in October, 1854, a short 
 time before the removal of the family to Ann 
 Arbor, and Margaret dieil January 1, 1855. 
 The family reside<l at Ann Arbor until the 
 spring of 1859, during which time two more 
 children were liorn to them, George Barcla)', 
 October 5, 1855, and Archibald, January 5, 
 1858, both of whom still survive, the eldest 
 being the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Early in 1859 the family removed to Pontiac, 
 Michigan, where they have since resided and 
 still reside. Two more children were born to 
 them, Marian in 18(J0, and Edward in 1862, 
 both of whom, however, died in infancy. 
 
 George B. was educated at the schools of 
 Pontiac, graduating from the high school at 
 the age of nineteen. Naturally of studious 
 tastes and inclined to literary re.search, he com- 
 mitted the not infrequent mistake among stu- 
 dents, of sacrificing ])hysical to mental exer- 
 cise. Not being of robust physique, his health 
 demanded attention while yet a student of the 
 high school, and this turned the bent of his 
 mind toward medical study. 
 
 In 1875 he entered the Freshman class at 
 Michigan University, and in attempting to 
 carry on two courses of study at the .same time, 
 his health, still precarious, utterly broke 
 down, and he was compelled to return home. 
 Here he remained till 1877 striving to rebuild 
 his shattered health. In 1877 heagain entered 
 the University, this time in the medical depart- 
 ment, and during his vacations read medicine 
 with Dr. F. B. Galbraith, of Pontiac. During 
 the first year he suffered seriously from ill 
 health, but gradually grew better, and in the 
 spring of 1880 received the degree ofM. 1). 
 
438 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 It was his iDtentioii, upon jj;r:i(luation, to 
 pursue a special course witli tlio design of 
 seeking appointment as an assistant surgeon in 
 the United States navy, but a more careful ex- 
 amination of the surroundings of such a prac- 
 tice on the part of Dr. McCallum and his parents, 
 caused him to abandon tlie idea of such an 
 appointment. Being still determined upon the 
 special coui'se of study in New York, however, 
 in the fall of 1880 he went to Jersey City. New 
 Jersey, where he began the practice of medi- 
 cine, at the same time matriculating in the 
 "College of Physicians and Surgeons of Now 
 York," being the medical department of the 
 famous " Columbia College," and the oldest 
 medical college in the country. From this he 
 graduated in the spring of 1881, and not being 
 particularly pleased with New Jersey returned 
 to Michigan. He spent a short time in look- 
 ing up a satisfactory location, and had settled 
 upon one, when he learned that Dr. J. B. 
 Brown, of Monroe, had received an appoint- 
 ment as professor in one of the medical col- 
 leges of Detroit. He came to Monroe and 
 made arrangements to take Dr. Brown's office, 
 and commenced the practice of his profession. 
 In September, 1881, some two months after- 
 ward. Dr. Brown removed to Detroit. A few 
 months later, as.sociated with H. P. Harring- 
 ton, Dr. McCallum opened a drug store at the 
 old stand of Brown & Chapin, having his office 
 in the same building. Shortly afterward Mr. 
 Harrington retired, and for some time Dr. Mc- 
 Callum maintained the business alone, but 
 finding it interfered to some extent with the 
 practice of his profession, finally disposed of 
 it, and removed his office to the Dansard build- 
 ing. 
 
 On November 24, 1880, Dr. McC'allum was 
 married to Miss Minnie A. Bcntley, second 
 daughter of A. E. Beutley, Esq, 
 
 He has met with flattering success in his 
 profession, and has built up a pleasant and i-e- 
 munerative practice in the home of liis choice. 
 
 Despite the duties of his profes.sion and the 
 cares of business, he still retains his love ioi- 
 literary work and study. He is an active and 
 earnest member of the Congregational churcli, 
 and his studies are largely in the line of 
 Christian evidences and scrijjtnral explana- 
 tions. During his scanty leisure he has written a 
 number of theses upon subjects connected with 
 roliiiion and church work, one of which has 
 
 been published for pi'ivate circulation, and has 
 been well received. 
 
 ALFRED J. MASECAR 
 
 Was born of German parents at Eockford, 
 Norfolk county, Ontario, Canada, November 
 23, 1839; was the youngest of four brothers, 
 sons of the Eeverend Nicholas and Gertrude 
 Masecar. His father was a large land and 
 mill owner. He attended district school till 
 the age of thirteen, when he entered aliteiary 
 college at Portland, Maine. There he re- 
 mained for two years, when he graduated, and 
 returned to his native county, and in April, 
 1851, entered the office of James Moon Salmon, 
 M. I)., where he remained for two years. In 
 October, 1856, he entered Uuiversit}' Victoria 
 College, Toronto, Canada. The rules of that 
 institution at that time enabled him to enter 
 as a second year student, having had two 
 years' tuition with a regular practitioner. 
 ,\ltcr attending a six months' course he re- 
 turned to hisijrivate tuition till the following- 
 fall, when he entered the Buffalo Medical Col- 
 lege, Buffalo, New York, where he graduated. 
 In the fitll of 1863 he re-entered University 
 Victoria Medical College, and in May, 1864, 
 graduated with honors. 
 
 He immediately located and began the prac- 
 tice of his profession in the county of Oxford, 
 Ontario, where he soon, by skill and industr}-, 
 built up a large and lucrative practice, and 
 shared the confidence of the people, having 
 been honored with positions of public trust 
 from 18!;4 to ISTM. He iield the position of 
 president or director of the Oxford Agricul- 
 tural Society, member of the municipal council 
 and mayor of the town. In 1876 he received 
 the unanimous nomination for representative 
 to the provincial legislature, but declined the 
 election. In 1878 he was appointed by the 
 governor coroner for the counties of Norfolk 
 and Oxford, being the first instance where the 
 (iovernment had made an ajipointment of coro- 
 ner to two separate judicial districts. This ap- 
 j)ointment was for life or during good behavior. 
 In the same year he was elected representative 
 for the Gore and Thames district, embracing 
 eight counties, to the Provincial Agricultural 
 Society, but, owing to poor health at that time, 
 declined. 
 
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 439 
 
 In 1S70, with a wcll-cariiod rc'iuitation, lio 
 left his hii-ffc practice and traveled for a time; 
 and being attracted to Monroe City, Micliigan, 
 by the celebrated mineral waters, he finally- 
 settled in that city and soon fonnd his health 
 fully restored. Here he again began the ])rac- 
 tice of his profession, soon sharing a well- 
 earned reputation among his medical brothers 
 of the city and countrj-. 
 
 In 1885 he was elected by the people of the 
 city of Monroe a member of the hoard of edu- 
 cation, a position he ver^- acceptably' held for 
 three years. In 1S8G he was (dected and rep- 
 resented the third ward of Monroe City as 
 alderman for two j'cars. 
 
 Dr. Masecar has heen twice married, the 
 first time, March 14, 18U0, to Mary Jane, 
 daughter of lion. Lawrence Johnston and 
 Margaret (Irwin) Hatch, who died in Novem- 
 ber, 1875. In April, 1877, he was married to 
 Appolona, daughter ol' Harvey and Elizabeth 
 (Harvey) Van Potter. 
 
 During his practice he has been medical ex- 
 aminer for several life insurance companies and 
 mutual benefit associations, among which was 
 the Sun Mutual o( Montreal, in \\ hich for fifteen 
 years he served in that cajjacity. passing upon 
 more than five hundred applicants, of whom, 
 up to two years ago, the company had not 
 been called upon to pay a single death loss. 
 In the Covenant .Mutual, of Galesburg, Illinois, 
 he has been examiner for over ten years, dur- 
 ing which he has averaged annually nearly ten 
 thousand dollars of risks, examined with a 
 similar result — a record of which Dr. Masecar 
 justly feels proud. He has also been one of the 
 censors of the Toledo Medical College, Toledo, 
 Ohio, since its nrganizntioii in 1880. 
 
 W. F. KNAPF, M. D. 
 
 W. F. Knapp was borii July 2, 1855, in the 
 township of liaisinville, Michigan. His father, 
 Ludovic Knapp, is a highly esteemed, well-to- 
 do farmer. In intervals of woi-k he found 
 time to gratify varied and keen intellectual 
 tastes, and made thorough preparation for the 
 normal school at Y])silanti, Michigan, entering 
 the same at the age of sixteen, taking up at 
 once the full English course with Latin, com- 
 pleting the same in 1875. 
 
 Entered in October,lS7ti, the College ot Medi- 
 
 cine and Surgery- at Ann Arbor, Michigan, 
 from which he graduated with honors in the 
 spring of 1878. He then assisted the eminent 
 late Dr. Southworth in his very large practice 
 until he located as practicing physician and 
 surgeon in the village of La 8alle. Alicliigan, 
 practicing there with marked success for six 
 years. 
 
 Removed by urgent requests to Monroe, 
 Michigan, in October, 1884, where, by close 
 attention to business, straightfoi'wardiiess, suc- 
 cessful treatment, ever i-ca<ly b}- day or at 
 night to attend to suffering humanit}-, as well 
 as by industry, indomitable persistence of pur- 
 pose, he attained a position of honor among 
 men socially, and as an eminent practitioner 
 of medicine and surgery ; is medical examiner 
 for the thriving German Workingmen's Asso- 
 ciation of Monroe (.^ity, as also for several life 
 insurance companies. 
 
 His amiable way and good will secures suc- 
 cess in every work he undertakes. He is a 
 hard worker, keeps a keen and intelligent 
 watch of public affairs, is a warm friend to 
 those he esteems, liberal in his dealings, a 
 friend to the suffering poor, and thoroughly 
 independent — is, in short, a good citizen, pub- 
 lic spirited and ver^- enterprising, ever on the 
 side of right and justice. A good illustration of 
 what ma}- be accomi)lished by energj-, industrj- 
 and integrity, under all circumstances. 
 
 U DA WE, M. D., 
 
 Was the youngest of three children born to the 
 Jiev. and Mrs. Dawo. His parents still reside 
 in England. His father is a very highly re- 
 spected minister of the Congregational church. 
 D. Dawe, jr., was born at Newport, England, 
 on October 31, 1860. Ho spent the early part 
 of his school life at home under the training of 
 a private tutor. At the age of fourteen years 
 he entered the British public schools as a pupil 
 teacher, where he with other teachers received 
 two hours instruction daily, for services ren- 
 dered by them each day to younger classes. 
 At the age of fifteen he was sent by his fixther, 
 '■ who was overly anxious that he should be 
 educated for the ministry," to a theological 
 seminary at Brecon, Wales. While here he 
 look up the study of Greek and Latin, but he 
 was very much dissatisfied with this school be- 
 
440 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 cause he was by six or seven years the junior 
 member of the seminary. Whenever an opjjor- 
 lunitj' afforded itself, he would escape from 
 school, and after a walk of twenty miles, would 
 reach home wearied, and a little afraid to meet 
 the stern countenance of his disappointed 
 father. After a struggle of twelve months his 
 parents decided to remove him to Cardiff, 
 where he entei-ed a grammar school and asso- 
 ciated with boys nearer his own age. Here he 
 remained the full course of three years. 
 
 In the summer of 1879 he sailed for America. 
 He remained in this country for three years, 
 when he returned to England to visit his 
 parents. In the fall of 1882 he once more 
 sailed for America, after a six weeks' visit in 
 England. In 1885 he commenced to read 
 medicine. In 1886 he entered the Homceo- 
 pathic department of the University of Michi- 
 gan. The summer of 1888 w'as spent in the 
 office of Dr. A. I. Sawyer, of Monroe: he re- 
 turned to the university in the fall of that 
 year, and graduated from the said university 
 iu the spring of 1889. 
 
 While in the university he was connected 
 with the Hahnemannian society, a literary and 
 scientific organization, from which he also 
 graduated on June 26, 1889. After having re- 
 ceived the said diplomas he entered into part- 
 nership with Dr. A. I. Sawyer, president of the 
 National Institute of Homoeopathy, who has a 
 very extensive and lucrative practice in the 
 beautiful city of Monroe, Michigan. In 1884, 
 Di'. Dawe was married to Miss Jennie Wood, 
 daughter of Dr. and Mrs. W. M. Wood. 
 
 BENJAMIN T. WILLETT 
 Was born at Mansfield, Ohio, October Iti, 1850; 
 received his education in Bryan and Columbus 
 high schools ; attended lectures and graduated 
 at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery ; 
 practiced as assistant to Dr. Bates at Little 
 Lake, Ohio; removed to Hay, Indiana, and 
 practiced there four years. After that, prac- 
 ticed four years in Petersburgh, Monroe county, 
 Michigan, and removed to Monroe in Septem- 
 bei-, 188(i, continues to practice, and is the pro- 
 prietor of a drug store on Front street. 
 
 S. L. JONES, M. D., 
 Was born in Buckingham, Bucks county, Penn- 
 sylvania, September 18, 1832, of Quaker ances- 
 
 try ; educated in the public schools and private 
 seminaries of Bucks county, and Beverly Insti- 
 tute, New Jersey ; commenced teaching school 
 and reading medicine at the age of eighteen. 
 In 1854 survej'ed Greene and Lewis counties, 
 New York, for county maps. Jay Gould at 
 the .same time surveyed Delaware count}', 
 New York, for same purjjose. 
 
 He came to Michigan iu 1855; landed at 
 Monroe pier from steamboat "Dart," May 1st; 
 found a good home at the old United States 
 Hotel, kept by Mr. Harrington ; surveyed Mon- 
 roe county during the summers for countj- map, 
 which was not published until 1859; continued 
 surveying iu Michigan until 1860, when he re- 
 sumed study and commenced the practice of 
 medicine with Dr. J. H. Woods at Quiney, 
 Michigan. He graduated from the medical 
 department of the University of Michigan, 
 class of 1864. Received the ad eundem degree 
 from Detroit Medical College in 1872. 
 
 He served as hospital steward Thirtieth 
 Michigan Infantry, and assistant surgeon 
 Eleventh Michigan Infantry, during the War 
 of the Eebellion ; settled at Deei-field at the 
 close of the war, and practiced medicine in Lena- 
 wee county until 1880. 
 
 January 1, 1859, he married Clara A. Robin- 
 son at (Quiney, Michigan, by whom two chil- 
 dred were born, H. Gibson Jones, of Dayton, 
 Ohio, and Mrs. Mary Cornell, of Petersburgh, 
 Michigan. August 2, 1879, married Nettie, 
 daughter of E. W. and C. A. Cornell, of Sum- 
 merfield, and purchased the " Eureka House " 
 at Petersburgh, January, 1880, where he now 
 resides. 
 
 JEROME J. VALADE, M. D., 
 
 Son of Dr. Joseph L. Valade, was born at Erie, 
 Monroe county, on November 24, 1859 ; went 
 with his people to Newport at the age of seven; 
 attended district an'd private schools until 
 filteen years of age, and then at Monroe City 
 and the State Normal school at Ypsilanti; 
 after which he entered the Detroit Medical 
 College and attended there three full courses 
 of lectures, graduating in the spring of 1882. 
 He has been a member of the school board of 
 New'port several years. His mother, Mary 
 Cousino Valade, was born in Erie township 
 December 18, 1837, and was a daughter of 
 Frank and Mai-ffaret Martin Cousino. Dr. 
 
THE MEDICAL I'KOFESSION. 
 
 441 
 
 Vahide is a young man of much iiromi.so and 
 is rapidly gainiTig the contidcncc of the people. 
 
 CIIAKLES EDWIN HENRY MUNRO, M. !>. 
 
 The subject of tiiis. sketch was born in the city 
 of Montreal, Canada, on the 27th day of Feb- 
 ruary, 1843. His first attendance at school 
 wiw at the age of seven, when he attended a 
 day school in his native city for two j'ears, 
 where he followed the ])rimary cour.se of an 
 ordinary English education. At nine he com- 
 menced the study of French, which he mas- 
 tered. Two years after hi; entered upon a 
 course of classical studies as an interne at the 
 Montreal College, studying Latin, Greek 
 and the natural sciences pertaining to that 
 branch of studies, which he finished six j'cars 
 after, graduating with honors. For one j-ear 
 aflcr he devoted himserif to various pursuits of 
 study, recreation, travel, and music, joined 
 musical and literarj- societies, tlic oratorio, the 
 circle iiteruire, etc. He traveled cxtcnsivcl}- 
 throughout the United States and Canada, in 
 the meantime gaining thereb3-a more extensive 
 knowledge of the world. 
 
 He concluded that he would follow tlu' pro- 
 fession of his father, viz., the jiracticc of medi- 
 cine and surgery, therefore on the 12th of May, 
 1801, at the age of eighteen, in his native city 
 of Montreal, he presented him.self before the ex- 
 amining board of the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of the Province of (Quebec, where, after 
 pa.ssing a successful examination, he was admit- 
 ted to the study of medicine. He at once entered 
 the office of his father, Dr. Pierre A. C. Munro. 
 He could not have fallen into better hands, 
 and heiv he remained four years, until he 
 graduated in 18<)0, being at the same time with 
 his own family. This good fortune was the 
 means whereby ho accjuired facilities for in- 
 struction which was not offered to others. In 
 clinics, practical anatomy and vivisection he 
 hail an al)undance of material to work upon. 
 
 Two years after this he took charge of a very 
 large pi-actice at Alexandria, in the county of 
 Glcngary,()ntario, where the good and lamented 
 l)r. McDonald had for many years successfully 
 practiced among a class of ]ieople ninetenths 
 of whom could speak nothing but Gaelic. The 
 doctor remained there for six months, until the 
 coinnienccment of the fill lecture session of the 
 
 school of medicine, when he assumed the chair 
 of practical botjiny. 
 
 In 18G2 he was the corresponding member 
 of L'Institute Medical de Montreal. In 1863 
 ho continued the course of botany, wrote the 
 essay upon the " Influence of (Jlimate upon the 
 Physique and Morals of Men," " What Path- 
 ological Anatomy did for the Science of Medi- 
 cine," etc. 
 
 In 18G4 he wrote "The History of Medi- 
 cine in Canada from the Foundation of Quebec 
 to 1804," giving a complete and conci.se history 
 of all tiie leading events of the medical history 
 of Br-itish North Anu'rica to that date, etc., etc., 
 which is still preserved in tin; archives of the 
 Victoria University at (Jobourg, Ontario. 
 
 On the 9th of May, 18(;5, at the age of twenty- 
 one, at the city of Montreal, he was again ex- 
 amined by the board r)f medical examiners of 
 the " College of Physicians and Surgeons of 
 the Province of (Quebec," and after passing a 
 successful examination was admitted to the 
 practice of medicine and surger}-. The city 
 papers at that time complimente<l him as liav- 
 ing passed one of the most brilliant examina- 
 tions among those who graduated. His exam- 
 iners were Dr. Tuffy, of Nova Scotia; Dr. 
 Tassc, of St. Laurent, Quebec ; T)r. Howard, of 
 Montreal, and Dr. Michaw, of Quebec. 
 
 From the time he received his dijiloma, as 
 previously said, on the 9th of Ma^', 1805, he 
 remained with his father, assisting him in the 
 arduous duties of his profession. In the year 
 following he became an active member of the 
 Mcdico-Chirugical .Society of Montreal; in the 
 same year was appointed surgeon to the Vic- 
 toria Rifles Volunteer Regiment, at the time 
 of the Fenian raids in Canada. 
 
 In 181)3 he became a member of the "Cana- 
 ilian Medical Asso<iation," which was estab- 
 lished at Quebec in that year. In the fall of 
 that year he determined to go west, and ac- 
 cordingly after visiting several places between 
 Montreal and Omaha, Nebraska, he finally de- 
 termined to .settle in Detroit, Michigan, where 
 he opened an office on Griswold street. Here 
 he remained one year and from there ho went 
 to Amherstburg, Ontario, where he also re- 
 mained another year, when finallj- ho was in- 
 dured to come to Newport, Monroe county-, 
 Michigan, where he is at present and has ro- 
 sidc<l most of the time since 1870. 
 
 While at Amiu'rstbiirg he received from the 
 
442 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Victoria University of Cobourg, Ontario, the 
 degree of Doctor of Medicine; became a mem- 
 ber of Essex County Medical Society ; was the 
 promoter of the first French newspaper pub- 
 lished in Western Canada, L'Etoile Canadienne, 
 issued at Sandwich, Ontario. He was also one 
 the organizers of the National and Benevolent 
 Society of St. Jean Baptiste, of the county of 
 Essex, Ontario. 
 
 He practiced in the city of Monroe, Michi 
 gan, in 1878. In the year 1879, owing to the 
 declining years and feeble health of his father 
 he felt it his duty to return to his native city 
 and a.ssist him. During his father's illness, 
 until his death, which happened in 1882, he 
 attended to his private practice, the hospital, 
 and gave lectures on surgery at the Victoria 
 University. He then wont to Papineauville, 
 (Quebec, where he practiced two years, 
 and from there to Fall Kiver, Massachusetts, 
 where he also practiced two years in copart- 
 nership with Dr. Casgrain. The untimely 
 death of the latter dissolved the partnership, 
 when he resolved to come again to the West. 
 He felt as if the ways and manners of the West- 
 ern people were more congenial to his tastes, 
 and accordingly, in the month of February, 
 1885, he found himself again in Monroe, among 
 his old friends and patients. Here he resumed 
 practice ai4 of yore. 
 
 In 1887 he went to Toledo, Ohio, where he 
 practiced one year, and finally returned to 
 Newport, where he had practiced medicine and 
 surgery for man}- years, and is still enjoying 
 the confidence and esteem of the community at 
 large. 
 
 Dr. Edwin Munro has been eminently suc- 
 cessful in his profession, both in surgery and 
 general practice, being extensively known be- 
 tween Detroit and Toledo. His practice has 
 been quite extensive. 
 
 L. BALDWIN, M. D., 
 
 Was born May 20, 1862, in Monroe county, 
 Michigan; was raised in Monroe and attended 
 school there until 1881, when he went to Dakota 
 Territory, and remained there until January-, 
 1882. He then went to New Mexico, and from 
 there back to Jackson, Michigan, and in the 
 fall of 1882 entered the Homoeopathic Medical 
 Department of the University of Michigan, 
 
 graduating July 1, 1886; was in partnership 
 with F. O. Hart, M. D., in the practice of medi- 
 cine one year at West Unity, Ohio, and has 
 been at Maybee, Monroe couiily, Michigan, two 
 years. 
 
 Parents: Kphraim Hahlwin, born in Canada, 
 1822, died in Moni-oe county, Michigan, 1889 ; 
 Charlotte A. Baldwin, born in Monroe, 1833, 
 formerly Charlotte A. Garwood, resides at 
 Ma3'bee, Monroe county, at present. 
 
 P. H. MORROW, M. D. 
 P. H. Morrow, M. D., was born at Toledo, 
 Ohio, November 9, 1865, and was left father- 
 le.ss the following year; lived with his grand- 
 mother, Mrs. Heminings. He was graduated 
 at the public schools of Toledo; graduated 
 from the Toledo Business College in 1883 ; 
 attended medical lectures at the Northwestern 
 Ohio Medical College; eighteen months at St. 
 Vincent's Hospital ; came to Erie, Moni'oe 
 county, Michigan, on the 27th of June, 1889, 
 where he still resides and is rapidly building 
 u]) a lucrative practice, enjoying the best wishes 
 of his fellow practitioners. 
 
 GEORGK W. RICHARDSON, M. D. 
 
 Certain careers are distinctly illustrative of 
 American self-reliance. The lives of such men 
 always have point and value. Although much 
 has been written about American indoiiendence, 
 whenever a downright example thereof is en • 
 countered the interest is unfiiiling. Such an 
 example is presented in Dr. George W. Rich- 
 ardson, of Dundee. Di'. Richardson helped 
 himself, and in this waj' laid a secure founda- 
 tion for helping others. 
 
 He was born in 1856 in Niagara count}-, New 
 York, one of a family of nine children. Ho 
 went from the homestead when eight years old, 
 the father consenting, to live with an older 
 brother on a farm within the county ; remained 
 with this bi-other five years, when striking out 
 for himself, he worked a year on a farm. Dur- 
 ing this time he had the privilege, usual with 
 counti'y boys, of attending school winters. But 
 now the desire to get away, to gain wider con- 
 tact, to assert his entire independence, grew ,so 
 strong that leave Niagara county he must, and 
 in the spring of 1870 this courageous boy, 
 scarcely fourteen years old, puts in an appear- 
 
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 443 
 
 ancc west of the Mississippi, at Waterloo, Iowa, 
 and, as was natural with him, looking lor work. 
 
 He engajned for the season on a farm. The 
 year's farm work at an end, a j-earning for 
 more schooling as.sertcd itself To this end our 
 young student finds his way to Webster City, 
 Iowa. Explanations were made and a bargain 
 struck with Dr. (i. L. Hendrick.s. a leading 
 physician of Webster City, Iowa. George was 
 to do chores for his board and the privilege of 
 attending the public school. This he did for 
 two year.s, and was now first able to go to 
 school both summer and winter. The work 
 was not easy, but his heart was light. He had 
 the care of three horses and throe cows and the 
 wood cutting for three stoves. 
 
 It appears that here, for the first time, the 
 thought of studying medicine gained a clear 
 and firm hold; this doubtless through the 
 chance of observing the life of a physician in 
 Dr. Hendricks, the opportunity for great use- 
 fulness, the inviting play of sv-mpath}-, and, on 
 the assumption of honesty, ability and enthu- 
 siasm, the certainty of material reward. 
 
 The earnings from farm work which he had 
 prudently saved, went to solve the clothes (jues- 
 tion, and there ensued two full years of mental 
 freedom and consequent |)rogress. 
 
 Dr. Richardson dwells upon the fact of his 
 gaining, while at Webster City, the signal 
 advantage of a clear view ahead. This clear 
 vision in turn compelled another onward move- 
 ment. But to gain an advance money was 
 needed, and this could not be earned with the 
 desired rapidity in an Iowa village. There 
 was a call to resolute action. 
 
 The spring of 1874, therefore, found him at 
 Omaha, in his seventeenth year, looking for 
 something to do. This the j'oung man speedily 
 found. The owners of outl^'ing ranches sought 
 workmen in Omaha. To one of these, a man 
 named Jack Marrow, Richardson engaged him- 
 si-jf as a farm hand for the sea.ioii. Marrow 
 hail twelve thousand a<'res of land on the Klk- 
 horii River. Hy midseason (juite one hundred 
 liamls were employed on the ranch. Among 
 them were all sorts and conditions of men. 
 Many of the circumstances were forbidding, but 
 as an advance point had to be gained it did not 
 matter. The grain harvest came on, and with 
 it higher wages and extra jtay for extra hours, 
 like the shocking of grain u' nights. Tliere 
 were no binders in those days, but the self- 
 
 raking reaping machines had come in. Our 
 student was one of some thirty binders who 
 followed the machines. For thirty-five days in 
 the wheat, oat, and barley fields ho kept his 
 place at the front, and in this time was able to 
 earn one hundred and forty-six dollars, or an 
 average of four dollars per day. During the 
 season he earned something like two hundred 
 and seventy dollars. The stay on the i-anch 
 lasted through the threshing season and well 
 into the fall. Dr. Richanl.son may be pardoned 
 for telling of his feats of endurance while there. 
 He returned to Omaha and became a student 
 at the city high school, from which school he 
 was graduated in 1875. The New York boy 
 had completed his academic schooling in Omaha. 
 He then returned to Niagara county and 
 entered the oftice of Dr. M. B. Searles at Wales 
 Center in Erie county. 
 
 Dr. Richardson's first attendance at a medical 
 school was in Cleveland, where he studied for 
 nine months in the medical department of 
 Wooster University. lie then matriculated at 
 the University of Buffalo, from which in.stitu- 
 tion he was graduated in the spring of 1S78. 
 Drawn by his knowledge of the State's advan- 
 tages the young Doctor of Medicine at once pro- 
 ceeded to Michigan and began practice at Cone 
 Station, on the Wabash road west of Milan. 
 He soon after removed to East Milan and 
 thence to Dundee. He was at Cone Station 
 one year, and at East Milan a year and a half, 
 coming to Dundee in August, 1880. 
 
 Afler practicing at Dundee successfully lor 
 one year. Dr. Richardson proceeded to New 
 York for a six months' post-graduate course at 
 the University Medical College. He reached 
 there just in time to hear the eminent Dr. 
 Weisse demonstrate the surgical analnmj' of 
 Pi-esident Garfield's wounds. 
 
 At the end of six months at University Col- 
 lege he returned to Dundee and resumed active 
 practice. From the day of leaving his brother's 
 roof down to the completion of the course at 
 Mew Y^ork, he did not receive a dollar of assist- 
 ance from outside sources — all came from his 
 own eai-nings. Every chance to earn money 
 was improved, and this even while pursuing 
 the medical studies. 
 
 Out of this experience there grew and 
 strengthened a feeling of independence of far 
 greater value than a bank account proceeding 
 from the savings of others. 
 
444 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 It is not necessary to dwell upon Dr. Ekliard- 
 soti's widel}' acknowledged success as a phj-si- 
 cian. His work as a sui'goon attracts atten- 
 tion. 
 
 The energy and foresight of earlier years 
 have remained with hiin. His experience in 
 fighting life's battles has been of such a char- 
 acter as to develop and deepen a naturally quick 
 sympathy for the suiferings of his fellows, a 
 characteristic of a successful physician. 
 
 In this is a partial explanation of the popu- 
 larity he enjoys. Thi.s was attested in 1884, 
 when the doctor was nominated for the legis- 
 lature in the Second district on the Republican 
 ticket. The district is heavily Democratic and 
 an election was hardly to be expected. The 
 usual Democratic majority of some five hun- 
 dred votes was, however, cut down to three 
 iiundred and eleven ; and in Dundee township, 
 out of a total vote of eight hundred and fifteen 
 the doctor received six hundred and eighteen. 
 
 Doctor itichardson lives in a handsome resi- 
 dence on Yjisilanti street in Dundee, thus giving 
 evidence that his early wisdom in money mat- 
 ters still abides. Thus from his lucrative prac- 
 tice a handsome ])roperty is resulting. 
 
 He is still a young man of thirty-three, in 
 full health and vigor, with an enviable career 
 belbre him. 
 
 Dr. Eichardson was luippily married in 1878 
 at Cone Station to Miss Minnie Caswell. 
 
 ELWIN II. D.VMON 
 
 Was born in Ohio, December 0, 1850; received 
 a common school education ; worked at farm- 
 ing until about twenty-four years of age, when 
 he began studying medicine under Dr. J. L. 
 Bean, of Medina, Ohio. 
 
 He attended the Cleveland Honnpopathic 
 Hospital College, of Cleveland, Ohio, during 
 the winters of 1870-77 and 1877-78, and grad- 
 uated from that college in February, 1878. 
 
 He located at Reading, Hillsdale county, 
 Michigan, in March, 1878, and practiced medi- 
 cine thei-c until April, 1887, at which time he 
 moved to Dundee, Michigan, and has continued 
 there to the present time. 
 
 Canada East. His father and mother, An- 
 thony and Mary Death Paquette, were born in 
 Paris, France. At the age of fourteen he en- 
 listed in the " Patriot War," and served for two 
 months. In the spring of 1838 bo left Canada 
 and moved to Detroit, Michigan. In 1844 he 
 moved to Monroe City and worked at the sad- 
 dler's trade. 
 
 In 1846 he married Miss Harriet J. Hope, 
 who died on the 12th day of April, 18^9. Was 
 married again to Miss Helen Michaw, and a 
 third time to Miss Soj)hia Noble in 1887. In 
 18G4 he enlisted in the Seventeenth Michigan 
 Volunteer Infantry as a private. May 13, IStU, 
 wasdetiiled to the first division of the field 
 hospital as assistant surgeon. 
 
 He began the practice of medicine in the 
 year 1859, and since the close of the war he 
 has been actively engaged in the practice of 
 medicine at Petershurgh, Monroe county, 
 where he still resides and jiracticcs medicine. 
 
 NAZARTH PAQUETTE 
 Was born on the ocean on the 1st day of 
 March, 1824, and was reared at Chamblae, 
 
 DR. JOSEPH L. VALADE 
 
 Was born at Kast Dover, Canada West, and 
 now resides in Berlin township. His father, 
 Louis, was born in Spain in 1769; his mothei', 
 Jane, in Deti'oit in 1782. His father was a 
 sergeant under General Brock at the battle of 
 River Raisin ; was cripjjled for life, and died 
 when Jcseph L. was eighteen 3-eai"s of age. 
 He taught a French school four years, mean- 
 while studying medicine. Ilepas'^edan exam- 
 ination before the general council, and came to 
 Detroit and entered the office of Professor 
 Zina Pitcher, and attended medical lectures at 
 the university at Ann Arbor. 
 
 He settled in Monroe county in 1852, where 
 he still resides. He has filled the office of 
 school inspector, notary public. Justice of the 
 peace, and was a member of the State legisla- 
 ture in the year 1877. He was appointed liy 
 the State Medical Society, at a session held at 
 Lansing in 1878, one of the committee on or- 
 ganization. 
 
 He was married November 14, 1858, to Mary 
 A. Cousino, daughter of Francis and Margaret 
 (!ousino, both of whom were born in Monroe 
 county. Dr. Joseph L. Valade and Mary had 
 four children : J. Jerome, Leon G., Clara E , 
 Joseph L., the latter a phj'sician of Newport, 
 Monroe county, Michigan. 
 
^^-^. 
 
 ^^Jh.^.>^ ^.4> 
 
THE MKDICAI, PROFESSION. 
 
 •145 
 
 JOHN WAKNKU MASON 
 
 Was born in Orloans county, New York, .lanii- 
 aryU, 18:i!l ; lie eanio to Monroe county in 1H54; 
 wiicn the war broke out he joined the Sixth 
 Midiif^an Rci^inient November 2, 18G1, serving 
 as assistant surgeon. On December 23, 1864, 
 lie was ])romote(l to the office ofsuri^eon. Dr. 
 .Mason served in tiie (iulf (iejiurtment, and was 
 discharged with his regiment September 20, 
 1 StJS. 
 
 Dr. Mason w;i.s mari'icd in Ann Arbor to 
 Sarali Matihia Walker, November 11, 1852. 
 Their children arc: Kdward Walker Mason, 
 born August 30, 1853, resides in Chicago; 
 Charley Lee, born June 17, 185(5, died Octo- 
 ber 2!t. ISdO; Ada Matilda, born February 24, 
 ISdG. Dr. J. W. Mason is enjoying as a physi- 
 cian and surgeon in Dundee, Michigan, a vary 
 e.xlensivc and lucrative practice. 
 
 (iKOKGE W. JACKSON. 
 
 The subject of tiiis sketch was born on the 
 Holland Purchase, in the State of New York, 
 September 21, 1836 : was the oldest son of a 
 family of eleven children. His father and 
 mother were both natives of the State of New 
 York. In September, 184(5, thej' removed 
 from Ferry, State of New York, and accom- 
 panied by their .son (icorgo W., then ten jears 
 of age, settled in Dundee, Michigan, then nearly 
 an unbroken wildei'iiess. He endured all the 
 ]irivations and hardships that fall to the lot of 
 a farmer's son on new and hcavilj' limbered 
 land. lie attended school at the old red school 
 house on the banks of the River Raisin, "Aunt 
 .Milly" Parker being the preceptress. Ho 
 attended school three months in the year, 
 working nine months in the twelve. 
 
 After attaining his majority he taught the 
 district school in Raisinville at the Bruckner 
 school house in the winter of 1857. Martha L. 
 Andrews, at the public exercises, captured the 
 first prize, and subsequently captured the 
 teacher, and married Dr. George W. Jack.son 
 September 22, 1859. He continued teaching 
 school most of the time until September, 18(53, 
 devoting his leisure time to the study of medi- 
 cine, when he entered the medical depart- 
 ment of the Michigan Univei'sity. 
 
 He left the University and entered as a pri- 
 vate in Company E of Eighteenth Michigan 
 
 Infantiy, accompanied b^' three of the family, to 
 assist in suppressing the Ucbollion — four brave 
 and efficient soldiers of the war. Mr. G. W. J. 
 was stationed at Decatur, Alabama ; partici- 
 pated in the defense of Decatur against General 
 Hood's rebel forces October 2(5, 27 and 28, 
 under the command of Colonel Doolittle. Mr. 
 Jackson was one of the number sent out under 
 Captain William C. Moore to dislodge a body 
 of rebel sharpshooters that occupied a line of 
 ritle pits near one of the Union forts. The 
 movement was successfully executed under a 
 galling fire, capturing one hundred and fifteen 
 ]M-isonors. December 19, 1864, was detached 
 to act as surgeon by order of J. M. Evans, 
 surgeon of Eighteenth Wisconsin Volunteer 
 Infantry. Dr. Jackson received an honorable 
 discharge May 26, 18(!5. 
 
 He returned to Dundee, and formed in Sep- 
 tember of same year a copartnership with 
 George D. Mungor, druggist. In November, 
 1865, attended medical lectures at the State 
 University ; also during the years 1866 and 
 1867, and received his diploma as Doctor of 
 Medicine with the class of 1867. He then 
 engaged in active practice in Dundee — an 
 active and remunerative practice — until 1874, 
 when from injuries received in the army his 
 health failed, and he sought Colorado and Cali- 
 fornia to regain it. He returned to Dundee 
 in 1880 and engaged again in drugs and medi- 
 cines. In 1869 erected a two-storj' drug store, 
 the first story being occupied as a drugstore, 
 and second story by the Thomas lodge of Free 
 and Accepted Masons, of which the Doctor is a 
 member; is a member also of Simon Post 
 Chapter, of the Monroe Commandery, and of 
 the William Bell Post at Dundee, and now sur- 
 geon of said post. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Jackson had two children ; 
 Cassic, born October 25, 1872, and James, who 
 died of consumption April 19, 1889. 
 
 DR. TRACY .SOUTHWOItTH 
 
 Was born in the Slate of New York, Jul\- 16, 
 1798; was married in 1824 to Ruth M. Easton. 
 In 1836 moved from Elmira, New York, to 
 Monroe county, and settled on a farm in Erie 
 township where he resided a number of 3-ears, 
 having an extensive practice in the southern 
 part of the county. He formed a copartner- 
 
446 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ship with Dr. Gi'orgo Lamloii and moved to 
 Monroe. Died September 17, 1843, from result 
 of a fall from a bam ; was the father of Dr. 
 Charles T. Southworth, sr., and grandfather of 
 Charles T. Southworth,jr., of Monroe, Michigan. 
 
 DR. K. (iONSOLUS 
 
 Was born in Fredericksburg, Province of On- 
 tario, May 3, 1850; attended the Napann 
 Academy, graduated at the University of 
 Kingston, Ontario, also the Royal College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons ; attended lectures at 
 Bellevue, New York, in 1874, Paris and Berlin 
 in 1876 and 1877 ; practiced in Pctersburgh, 
 Monroe county, Michigan, six years; married 
 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Annie E. Hard- 
 ing, Octobei- 0, 1878; has a daughter aged 
 seven, and .son two years. Hemoved to Dundee 
 April 1, 1883, and has had an extensive prac- 
 tice up to the j)resent time. 
 
 DK. JAMES C. WOOD 
 
 Was born January 11, 1858, in Wood cou)it3', 
 Ohio. Parents : Father, Major H. L. Wood, a 
 native of New York State, but who came west 
 at an early date, and was a large contractor 
 and the first superintendent of the Buffalo and 
 Niagara Falls Eailroad. After locating in 
 Wood county, Ohio, he was honored with many 
 prominent public positions. His mother, Jane 
 C. Kunkle, of sturdy German stock, was a 
 native of Pennsylvania. She, too, moved to 
 Ohio with her parents at an early date. 
 
 James C. Wood attended district school until 
 fifteen years of age, working on the farm sum- 
 mers. At fifteen he attended one year the 
 high school at Waterville, Ohio. He then 
 took a three months' course at a business col- 
 lege in Delaware, Ohio, and later spent three 
 months at a normal college, Fostoria, Ohio. 
 The following winter he taught a district 
 school near Fostoria, Ohio, intending to pur- 
 sue his literary studies the succeeding year. 
 Breaking down in health he moved, in the 
 spring of 1876, with his father to Monroe 
 county, Michigan, on what is known as the 
 Franklin Moses farm, six miles up the river 
 from Monroe. His father kept this farm but 
 six months, and in the spring of 1877 they 
 moved to Monroe, where he entered the office 
 
 of Dr. A. I. Sawyer for the purpose of studying 
 medicine, a long chei'ished wish. 
 
 In the fall of 1877 ho entered the horareo- 
 ])athic department of the University of Michi- 
 gan, graduating with honor and winning the 
 only prize, a set of surgical instruments, ever 
 given by the department, for the best examina- 
 tions in surgery. Ho returned to the Ohio 
 Wesleyan University the following fall with 
 a view of completing his literary course, where 
 he was ranked as a junior, having prosecuted 
 his literary studies during his medical course. 
 He was offered an instructorship in phj'siology 
 in that institution, but accepted a proffered 
 assistantshi]) in the University of Michigan 
 instead. 
 
 In the summer of 1880 he formed a partner- 
 ship with his old preceptor. Dr. Sawj'or, and 
 remained with him for five years. His associ- 
 ation with Dr. Saw3er developed a taste for 
 surgery which he has ever since cultivated. In 
 the spring of 1885 he was tendered the chair of 
 obstetrics and diseases of women and children 
 in the homteopathic department of the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, which he has very accept- 
 ably tilled ever since. At the time of appoint- 
 ment he was the youngest full professor in the 
 university. 
 
 December 28, 1881, he married Julia K. 
 Bulkley, daughter of G. Bulkley, Monroe, and 
 has tvvo children, James h. and Fdna B. 
 
 DR. EPHRAIM ADAMS 
 
 Was born at Bellows Falls, State of Vermor)t, 
 Windham count}', March 16th, in the year 
 1800. He died in the year 1874, on the 6th 
 day of May, at Monroe City, Michigan. 
 
 Mr. Adams was of Puritan stock; his ances- 
 tors came over on the Mayflower in the 
 year 1620. He lost his parents in early 
 youth, his father dying when he was three 
 years of age, his mother when he was six years 
 of age. His mother was left in straitened 
 circumstances with five children, of whom the 
 subject of this sketch was next to the youngest, 
 the late James Q. Adams, lawj^er and the sec- 
 ond mayor of Monroe City, Michigan, being 
 an older brother of his. 
 
 Mr. Adams, soon after the death of his 
 mother, was bound out to a farmer, with the 
 understanding that he should receive a colle- 
 
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 
 
 447 
 
 giiilo eilucatii)ii, wliicli lie did. lie was re- 
 ceived at tlie Hanover Medical College, State 
 of New Hainpsliire, as a student in the year 
 1819. Ho graduated from Dartmouth College, 
 December 19, 1S22. In November of the fol- 
 lowing year Mr. Adams came west and mar- 
 ried Maiy Paddock, of Watertown, State of 
 New York. By this lady he had eleven chil- 
 dren, eight sons and three daughters; of those 
 five sons and two daughters survive him. 
 
 In the j'ear 1824 became to Monroe and set- 
 tied on the liiver itaisin, at the time when tho 
 Indian and the pioneer French held undis- 
 puted sway, and were about the only people 
 that resided upon the River Raisin. Mr. 
 Adams, after his marriage, entei-ed at onco 
 upon the practice of medicine and surgery. 
 He seems to have struggled against poverty 
 and ill fortune for some time. It was about 
 this time that ho was prosecuted for disinter- 
 ring a dead body, which resulted in an honor- 
 able acquittal. 
 
 ilr. Adams held several honorable public 
 offices in the early history of our county. In 
 the year 1827 he took his seat as judge of the 
 county or district court, with Hon. James J. 
 Godlroy as associate judge, and Hon. Hicley 
 Ingersoll, justice. At tho close of his term as 
 ju<lge Mr. Adams devoted his time to the 
 I>raclice of his profession, and at tho time of 
 his death (1874) he was one of the oldest 
 ])ractitioners of our county. In his profes- 
 sional duties beseemed to care more for profes- 
 sional success than he did for the emoluments 
 arising therefrom. He gave just as mucii of 
 his time and attention, when called to tho 
 
 homes of the jioor, trillioiit pay, as he did in 
 the homes of tho more wealth}-, for pay. 
 
 He had tho respect in a marked degree of 
 the medical fraternity of our county, and it is a 
 fact tiiat tho medical profession in our county 
 at that time was second to none in this State ; 
 that it stands high, and includes among its 
 numbers some of tho most able and accom- 
 plished gentlemen and skilful surgeons in our 
 State, among whom I may mention tho names 
 of Dr. A. I. Sawj^or and Edward Dorsch, the 
 latter now deceased. 
 
 In party affiliation Mr. Adams was a Demo- 
 crat; in religion a Catholic, and was generally 
 found on the right side, and when the 
 homteopathic school of medicine were trying 
 to get their rights in the State Univei-sit}-, he 
 was one of the first to espouse their cause. Of 
 his virtues, charity was the most prominent of 
 all ; at his deatii tho poor lost a sympathizing 
 friend, and his remains were followed to the 
 grave by a large number of the common 
 people. T. D. A. 
 
 Doctor Adams more nearly filled up Pope's 
 estimate of an honest man in the following 
 lines, viz.: "An honest man is the noblest 
 work of God,'' than almost any other man I 
 have ever met. Besides being honest ho was 
 one of tho purest, most unprejudiced and un- 
 selfish of men. 
 
 And the poor of this county will iicvei- cease 
 to mourn for him, and they never should, as ho 
 novor waited for fair weather or moneyed re- 
 muneration when called by them. 
 
 A CoNTEMPORARV OF THE SaME PROFESSION. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIV. 
 
 THE I!AK OF MONKOE. 
 
 COLONEL IRA R. GROSVENOR. 
 
 AW EJjIj-KNIT and vigorous fruino,iui active 
 step, an erect carriage, a keen yet kindly 
 ej'c, bright and undimmed, a mind alert and 
 ready to welcome and understand every ad- 
 vance in literature, science or art, a cordial 
 grasp and a clioerl'ul greeting to every one — 
 that is Colonel Grosvenor. The casual observer 
 would venture to guess that he was some- 
 thing over fifty years of ago, yet it is given 
 to few to see the changes which his e3'es have 
 seen. Over every State and Territory of our 
 laud extend thousands of miles of railroad ; 
 yet he was a boy of fifteen when George 
 Stephenson built his famous "Rocket" and 
 made railroads possible. He was ten years old 
 when the Stockton and Darlington line, the 
 first railway to use steam power in the trans- 
 portation of freight, was inaugurated. He had 
 passed nearly the average sjian of human life, 
 being thirty years of age, when that mes- 
 sage "What hath God wrought!" sped on 
 the wings of the lightning from Washington 
 to Baltimore and the electric telegi'aph was 
 born. Two years ago the rich and prosperous 
 dominion of Michigan celebrated the semi- 
 centennial anniver.sary of her entry into the 
 sisterhood of States, yet he had attained his 
 majority while the grand Commonwealth was 
 still a Territory, for over that good gray head 
 have passed more than the three score and ten 
 years seripturally allotted to man. 
 
 The ancestors of Colonel Grosvenor came 
 from England to America among the first set- 
 tlers of the valley of the Connecticut. One of 
 the early and sturdy representatives of the 
 race was General Israel Putnam, the unique 
 but distinguished figure of the Eevolutionary 
 war. The family settled at and near Ponifret, 
 Connecticut, whence after the Eevolution, the 
 Reverend Daniel Grosvenor, a C'ongregational 
 minister and a cousin of General Putnam, re- 
 moved to the township) of Paxton, Worcester 
 
 county, Massachusetts, tiieii a wilderness but 
 sparsely settled. There ho established his 
 home, I'ollowing his sacred calling. To him 
 were born numerous sons and daughters. Of 
 these Ebenezer Oliver was born and grew to 
 manhood in the new home. He married Mary 
 Ann Livermore, a daughter of IJradyll Liver- 
 more, a patrjot soldier of more than local re- 
 nown. From this union sprang ten children, 
 eight of whom reached years of maturity and 
 filled well their parts in the drama of life, and 
 four of whom, two brothers and two sisters, 
 still survive. The oldest child of Ebenezer (). 
 and Mary A. Grosvenor, Ira Rufus Grosvenor, 
 was born at Paxton, Worcester county, Massa- 
 chusetts, a few miles northwest of the present 
 city of Worcester, on Saturday, March ISth, 
 1815. The father, who had adopted the pro- 
 fession of teaching as his life work, remained 
 at and near Paxton for nearly ten j-ears after 
 the birth of his eldest son. Then, moved by 
 that western spirit which has made our land 
 what it is to-day, leaving his lamily in Massa- 
 chusetts till he could build them a home in a 
 " newer and a better couuti'y," he went to the 
 State of New York. For a brief time he 
 taught at Saratoga, but was soon drawn to 
 Schenectady, then the "Athens of New York," 
 the home of the famous Union College. Then, 
 as now, a class of young men were sent to col- 
 leges whose aim seemed to be almost anything 
 but getting an education ; sons of wealthy 
 parents, who deemed that money paid for all 
 transgressions, and incorrigibles of whose re 
 straint at home their parents despaired. Col- 
 lege faculties were long suffering and patient, 
 but frequentlj- infractions of regulations were 
 so glaring that they could not be overlooked, 
 and the last disciplinary resort, expulsion, was 
 inflicted. Now all the expelled student has to 
 do is to pack up his belongings and seek a 
 more complaisant college, but in those days 
 the do'^rs of every college in the land were 
 
 [448] 
 
\? 
 
 -^^"7 ~^^Z^^-^^y7- 
 
TllK liAR OF MONROE. 
 
 449 
 
 cloHeiJ uguiiisl iui oxpcllfd .stmlciil. lliiirc 
 cxiiulHion meutit tlic cessation of a college 
 career. Many of the expelled students, how- 
 ever, were sincerely desirous of obtaining an 
 education, and, wlicn the ebullition of animal 
 8i)irtH had passed awaj-, l)itlerly regretted tiicir 
 condition. With a view to affording to such an 
 oiiportunity of olitaining an education, as well 
 as of opening a school where students might 
 prepare for college. Dr. ^'ates of I'nion, in com- 
 pany with KhencKcr Grosvenor, founded al Chit- 
 icnango, Madison county. New York, '-Yates 
 Polytechnic" for the liigher c<lucation, with 
 which was also connected a |>repai'ati)ry acade- 
 iii}-. Jlitlier Grosvenor I'eniovei] his family, 
 teaching in the academy and the Polytechnic. 
 The oldest son was abcnitten years of age when 
 this removal was made, and for the ensuing h]x 
 years was a student at the institutions in which 
 his father was teacher. At the age of sixteen, 
 being nearly pr-epared to enter college, he l)C- 
 gan assisting his father. There were several 
 brothers and sisters b}' this lime, and the pro- 
 fession of teaching did not open the way to 
 munificent pecuniary results. There was a 
 steady pressure upon what Malthus calls the 
 '' line of subsistence," and poverty had been a 
 close friend of young Gi-osvcnor in his attempts 
 to gain an education. Naturally of an indom- 
 itable spirit, he chafed at and resented some of 
 the humiliations of his position, and determined 
 to become a bread-winner as well as a bread- 
 eater. For three years he earnestly did what- 
 ever his bands could find to do. At theexpira- 
 tion of that time, having become an expert ac- 
 countant, he managec] to secure a position as 
 clerk ujion a small steamer plying upon Lake 
 (Ontario and starting from Charlotte. One of 
 the owners of this boat was Dan. B. Miller, then 
 recently appointed to the charge of the United 
 States land office at Monroe, Michigan. Miller 
 became interested in young Grosvenor, and 
 told him the boat was no place for him, that 
 he ought to go west, and wound up byofleriug 
 him a position as clerk in the land office if he 
 would go to Monroe. Grosvenor accepted the 
 offer, accompanied the boat to destination, bal- 
 anced and closeil his books, settled with the 
 proprietors and turned liis face westward, to the 
 cit}' which was lor more than half a century to 
 be his home. 
 
 H}- the primitive means of transportation of 
 that early day, partly by stage coach and partly 
 
 by lanal. he journeyed to IJutfalo and there 
 took steamer for Monroe. It was a summer 
 afternoon of the year 1835 that he landecl on 
 the dock at La Plaisance Baj", three miles from 
 Monroe. Eastward lay the lake, northward 
 an impenetrable marsh, southward a forest, 
 and Westward a plank causewaj' over the 
 waters of the bay connected with aroa<i sti'eteh- 
 ing away into the distance. When he landcil 
 on the dock his earthlj' jwssessions consisted of 
 his little baggage and a solitary two-dollar bill. 
 Some other piis.sengers destined for Monroe 
 landed at the same time. No houses were visi- 
 ble, the village was three miles away, and there 
 was some grumbling that there were no means 
 of transjiortation at hand. Young Grosvenor, 
 gathering uj) his belongings, started on foot to 
 the town. Trudging along the turn](ike he 
 reached the foot of Scott street along which he 
 passed to the corner of First, thence to Wash- 
 ington, and then north to the tavern, the 
 " Mansion House," kept l)y Lcandcr Sackett, 
 where iJansard's bank now stands. Here he 
 gave notice of the arrival of the boat and of the 
 fact that there were some jiassengers desiring 
 transportation, and a vehicle was speedily sent 
 for them. 
 
 It would be dilliciilt for an inhabitant of our 
 fair city of today to imagine the scene which 
 was spread out before young Grosvenor as he 
 looked about him that waning summer after- 
 noon. The hotel, a two-story frame building, 
 fronted the river, a long porch stretching on 
 its north side. On the river bank and acro.ss 
 the road was a saw-mill, with logs along the 
 stream. West of that was a two-story brick 
 building, the lower story occupied by Dan. B. 
 Miller as a general store, the upper by the 
 United States land office. West of this was 
 another brick building, in which Thomas G. 
 Cole (later superintendent of the Michigan 
 Southern Jtaihvay) ke])t store; then a small 
 building occupied by Dr. Samuel S. Parker; 
 then the office and drug store of Dr. Conant, a 
 two-story frame building on the site of S. M. 
 Sackctt's present store. Between this and tlie 
 corner of Monroe street were a few small build- 
 ings, the ephemeral structures of a new village, 
 between which the steep river bank was visible. 
 (Jn the corner of Monroe street stood a two- 
 story frame building, then used as a store, 
 and which shortly afterward and for many 
 years was occupied by the late Benjamin Dan- 
 
450 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 sard. West of this corner were but a few striig. 
 gling residences along the TTnited States turn- 
 pike. South and east from the hotel were a 
 few buildings, chiefly used for mercantile ])ur- 
 poses. Where now stands the store of L. Fried- 
 enberg & Son was a dwelling, noteworthy as 
 having in the cellar a flowing spring. This 
 building was occupied hy William L. Eiggs, a 
 justice of the peace, who dabbled in jurispi'u 
 dcnce in a small, one-story office, just soutii of 
 his residence. From this office southward to 
 the public square there were no buildings, but 
 on the western side of the public square and 
 north of First street was a one story house, the 
 residence of Colonel Wood and his family. 
 Across First street, and in what is now the 
 square fronting the Presbyterian church, stood 
 the county court house and jail, a plain, frame 
 two story building painted yellow. The upper 
 story was used as a court house, the iDwer as a 
 jail, and lo further add to the security of the 
 latter the building was surrounded by a high 
 stockade, made of good sized round timbers, 
 sharpened and driven into the ground, with the 
 tops fastened together. A few log and frame 
 houses, principally the former, wore scattered 
 about in various directions. Such were j'oung 
 Grosvenor's surroundings, as accompanied by 
 a flaring tallow dip he climbed the stairs of 
 Sackett's hotel, and passed his first night in ex- 
 actly the same spot which half a century later 
 his own well-a])pointed law office was to 
 occupy. Jt were little wonder if, as the silent 
 night came down and he thought of latlier and 
 mother, brothers and sisters gathered around 
 the hearth at the distant honic he had left, the 
 boy's pillow was wet with not unmani}- tears. 
 He had been born on a Saturday, and realizing 
 the truth of the old rhyme that "Saturday's 
 child works hard for his living," bright and 
 early the next morning he arose and prepared 
 for labor. Eating his breakfast, lie repaired to 
 the office to interview that august functionary-, 
 the clerk. Though lacking the diamond pin 
 which is the badge of his fraternity at this daj-, 
 the clerk of half a century ago had some traits 
 in common with his later-born brother. Like 
 Alexander Selkirk, ho was "monarch of all he 
 surveyed," and like the Ancient Mariner, he 
 had the faculty of "fixing the guest with his 
 glittering eye." It was with some trepidation, 
 though with a determination to " start right," 
 that Grosvouor confided to this dignitary the 
 
 fact that he had come to Monroe to work in the 
 land office, and desired to make some arrange- 
 ments about board. lie was informed that his 
 bill was already two dollar,-*, and the solitary 
 note which graced his slender j)urse was passed 
 over to the frigid clerk. Grosvenor's opinion 
 of the West was rapidly acquiring a basis of 
 solid fact. Reporting at the land office he was 
 set at work. Learning from another clerk 
 that Colonel Wood kept boarders and that ho 
 (the clerk) boarded there, though owing to lini- 
 itcil room the Colonel could not furnish sleeji- 
 ing accommodations, Grosvenor made arrange- 
 ments to board at Wood's, sleeping upon a cot 
 in a room adjoining the land office, and entered 
 upon his residence in Monroe. 
 
 For something over two years he worked in 
 the land office. Careful, painstaking and accu 
 rate in his duties, he speedily became head 
 clerk of the office, and continued in that posi- 
 tion till the I'emoval of the office to Detroit, 
 when he elected to stay in Monroe. Even at 
 the date of his arrival the unkempt little vil- 
 lage was enjoying what in these days would be 
 called a "boom." Every boat and every stage 
 brought adventurers and pioneers, all anxious 
 to reap those sudden fortunes which rumor in 
 the East had it were to be picked up "out 
 west." The location of the land office in Mon- 
 roe made it a central point for them, and Gros- 
 venor's position in the land office soon gave him 
 an intimate knowledge of the outlying country 
 and the qualit}' of the lands. He began bar- 
 gaining for himself and shortly became the pos- 
 sessor of considerable property. 
 
 Alter the removal of the land office he began 
 the study of the law, which he pursued for the 
 next (our years under various preceptors. At 
 different times during these four years he was 
 employed and a student in the office of Robert 
 McClelland (afterward Governor of Michigan 
 and Secretary of the Interior under President 
 Pierce), Wing & McClelland (Warner Wing 
 being later a judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Michigan), Alpheus Felch (later Governor and 
 United States Senator), and David A. Noble 
 (afterwards a member of Congress). At his 
 examination for admission to the bar. Judge 
 Fletcher presided, and the examining committee 
 consisted of Alpheus Felch, Jefferson G. Thur- 
 bcr and Hiram Stone. During his years of 
 study he had been engaged in the sale of land, 
 had worked as an accountant, and had for a 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 451 
 
 tiiiK) liold tlio position of ck'rii lo tlic conimiN- 
 sioner of intiTiial improvements, and while in 
 tiuit office had been an earnest advocate of tiie 
 Miehigan Soiitliern Railroad. He also during 
 this time had married Miss Harriet Wood, 
 (ildest daughter of Colonel Wood (St^ptember 
 14th, 1837), and commenced housekeeping in a 
 small house south of the present site of the 
 court Iiouse. 
 
 After his e.xamination and admission to the 
 bar he associated himself with David A. Noble 
 and began the practice of his profession. This 
 partnership continued for eight years, during 
 which time his wife died (1S45). 
 
 Tiio straggling and rude village had mean- 
 time grown and extended till it had become 
 a quasi rival of Detroit. The Territory had 
 become a member (jf the Commonwealth of 
 States, and in its councils Monroe held a 
 prominent place, owing to the ability of it.s 
 public men. The names of the lawyers men- 
 tioned above, all of whom have tilled a large 
 space in the history of Michigan, \\ill serve to 
 show the ability of the bar at that period. To 
 those names may be addetl that of Isaac P. 
 Christianey. He came to Monroe, having be- 
 gun his legal studies in the East, obtained a 
 position in the land office and for some time 
 was a fellow clerk with Grosvenor. He read 
 law while employed as clerk, was early ad- 
 mitted to the bar, practiced his profession here 
 till the re-organization of the supreme court in 
 1838 when he was elected one of its justices, a 
 position he filled with honor till 1875 when he 
 was elected a United States senator, and later 
 resigned this to accept the appointment of 
 minister to Peru. 
 
 At that time in Michigan, as well as in other 
 Western States, the prominent lawyers "rodo 
 the circuits," i. e. followed the judges from one 
 county to another and plead cases for clients in 
 several counties. The early court calendars of 
 Monroe county show that lawyers from Detroit 
 made frequent appearances in Monroe, while 
 the leading Monroe lawj ers likewise went to 
 Washtenaw and Lenawee counties. Common 
 law pleadings had undergone but limited modifi- 
 cation, and the writing in an attorney's office 
 was much greater than now. Upon the j-ounger 
 lawyers devolved to a large extent the practice 
 before justices of the peace. These were widely 
 scattered. There was one in Milan, one in 
 Dundee, one in Flat liock, one at Oakville, one 
 
 in l-]r-ii^ and another at Whitetord. The roads 
 in man3' cases were bridle jiaths through the 
 woods, and when these became quagmires 
 through long-continued rains it sonu'times hap- 
 pened that the traveler was compelled at night- 
 fall to fasten his horse and "camp out," listen- 
 ing to the howls of wild animals during the 
 night and resuming his journc)- when daylight 
 pei'uiiUed him to find his way. 
 
 It was in this rugged school that Colonel 
 Grosvenor began as a lawyer and gained his 
 experience. Professional success is a growth ; 
 ofttimes a slow one, and its rewards some- 
 times seem strangely delayed. The strength 
 of the bar made ])rogre88 difficult for a \"Oung 
 man, but it was through these years that the 
 subject of this sketch formed those habits of 
 research, and acquired that intimate familiarity 
 with the principles of the common law, that 
 stood him in so good stead in the time to come. 
 
 The years that succeeded were just such 
 years as fall to every busy man. Each repre- 
 sents its fifty- two weeks of varied toil, cheered 
 b}" the sun of success or darkened by the cloud 
 of failure, but no salient incidents rise, like 
 hills, above the level jilain of early life. When 
 the partnership between Noble and (irosvenor 
 was dissolved a new one was formed with 
 Talcott E. Wing, Esq., which existed for eight 
 years. In the meantime one famous trial. The 
 Supervisors of the County of Monroe vs. Harry 
 V. Man, in which Grosvenor, representing the 
 plaintiff, was pitted against nearly the entire 
 bar of the county, had served to give him the 
 I'cputation ho has ever since maintained, of be- 
 ing a "fighter" to the very end and fertile in 
 resources. This case also gave him something 
 more than local fame, and his practice began 
 to grow. On May 22, 1849, ho married Miss 
 Sarah A. Wood, a sister of his first wife. 
 
 Succeeding his connection with Judge Wing 
 he became associated with John R. Ranch, 
 Esq., in a partnership which continued for 
 iicarlj' fifteen years, until Colonel Grosvenor 
 went to the Legislature in 1871. In 1859 he 
 became the owner of " Fair Oaks Farm" (so 
 named from the resemblance of some portions 
 of it to the famous battle-field of McClellan's 
 Peninsular campaign, in which Colonel Grosve- 
 nor participated), where he now resides. 
 
 With no longing fttr political honors, he had 
 still been an indefatigable worker in every 
 campaign, A believer in the prosperous luture 
 
452 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 of the city of liis home, he \va,s largely insti'u- 
 raontal in jirocuring anil framing the early 
 charters under wliicli its government was 
 administered, and held at one time the [idsition 
 of recorder. This was under a charter which 
 made the recorder a judge of the mayor's 
 coui't, orgatiized aflcr the manner of city police 
 courts, but with a more extended jurisdiction, 
 taking cognizance of (-ivij as well as crimiM:il 
 causes under ordinances. The old ducket ol' 
 this coui't, with the ink upon its pages faded by 
 time, is still on file in the office of the county 
 clerk. Inidcr the operation of the old militia 
 law, our of whose ]irovisions was the "general 
 miisler"or training day, famous in song and 
 story among the records of the Nation's earlier 
 years, he took much iiiter'est in military in- 
 struction; and later, when independent eomjia- 
 nies began to be (jrganizeii, was nctive in the 
 formation of one in Monroe, and became one of 
 its officers. 
 
 When, on that spring Sabbath in l,S(il, the 
 echoes of the shot fired acro.ss Charleston bar 
 bor at Sumter, rolled through the North like 
 an electric shock, and wo realized that war to 
 save the Nation bad become a stern necessity, 
 Michigan be^an the enlistment and organiza- 
 tion of troops. One regiment of three months' 
 men was accepted by the Government. Under 
 the first call from Washington, shortly before 
 the c.\])iration of the term of the three months' 
 regiment, the First Michigan Volunteers went 
 forward, and the Second, Third and Fourth 
 were in ]ii'oces of organization. These were 
 rapidly filled and forwarded. Meantime the 
 skeletons of the Fifth, Si.xth and Seventh regi- 
 ments, the commissioned and non-commis- 
 sioned officers, were designated, and in a cauij) 
 of instruction at Fort Wayne, near Detroit. 
 Officers of military cxjierience were scarce ; no 
 war had occurred during the lifetime of the 
 active men of that day, excepting (uir brief 
 trouble with Mexico, and the knowledge 
 gained in genei-al musters and indei)eiuK'nt 
 companies was of importance. In the course 
 of his life, Grosvenor had commanded not only 
 a company, but had likewi.se been both a 
 colonel and a brigadier-general of the State 
 militia, and in view of bis military knowledge bo 
 was commissioned colonel of the Seventh, hav- 
 ing early offered his services to the Governor. 
 
 When news of the first Bull Run reached the 
 Slate, Governor Blair ordered these three 
 
 regiments filled up as soon as possible. In 
 less than fifty days all three were complete. 
 The rendezvous of the Seventh was at Monroe, 
 and here Colonel Grosvenor organized and set 
 up the regiment It was mustered on Sep- 
 tember 5, 1861, and at once proceeded to Wash- 
 ington. It remained there but a, little over 
 twenty-four hours, then started on a march 
 through Maryland as the escort of a batter}', 
 an<l on arrival at its destination encamped 
 near Leesburg and became a part of (Jeneral 
 Stone's corps of observation. Rumors pre- 
 vailed of a rebel advance on the other side of 
 the Potomac, and some of the troops were 
 thrown across the river. It was in this move- 
 ment that the battle of Ball's Bluff was fought. 
 After the passage into Virginia, for a time 
 Colonel Grosvenor performed the duties of a 
 brigadier-general, having charge of the advance 
 till the general crossed the river. After this 
 the regiment went into winter quarters, where 
 it remained until early spring. Then it pro- 
 ceeded up the Potomac to Harper's F'crry and 
 up the Shenandoah to Winchester, whence it 
 was recalled to Washington to participate in 
 the Peninsular campaign. Embarking on 
 transports it proceeded to Fortress Monroe, 
 arriving the day following the memorable con- 
 test between the Monitor and the Merriraac. 
 It was pushed forward immediately ami par- 
 ticipated in the siege of Yorktown, April 4lh 
 to May 5th ; on May 7th it was engaged in the 
 battle of West Point, and then proceeded up 
 the peninsula, building roads and camping 
 among the miasmatic vapors of the Chicka- 
 hominy swamps. May 3lst (bund the regi- 
 ment in sight of Richmond at Fair Oaks Sta- 
 tion, and Colonel Grosvenor sufferiTig from an 
 attack of cholera morbus. Lying under a tree, 
 under the influence of ojiiates, while the regi- 
 ment went forward to take its jjlace in the line, 
 he was shortly aroused by the sound of infantry 
 firing in the advance. Hastily climbing on his 
 horse he started for the battle. He soon came 
 up with his regiment, and was at its head in 
 the charge described in gloving terras by the 
 historian Lossing. For a month after the 
 battle of Fair Oaks the regiment remained 
 encamped on the Cliickahominy. The sultry 
 southern sun beating down upon the swamps 
 bred disease, and was more fatal to the unaceli- 
 mated northern troops than the rebel bullets. 
 During this time Colonel Grosvenor began to 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 453 
 
 sufTer seriously from scurvy. His teeth be- 
 came loosened, and the external manifestations 
 of the disease increased in violence. When the 
 movement across tlic j)eninsulato tlio new base 
 ii])()n tlie James River began, he was scarcely 
 able to sit upon his horse; but in this condition 
 he led his regiment througli the battles of 
 Teach Orchard and Savage Station on June 
 29th; White Oak Swamp and (ilendale on 
 June XOlli ; Malvern Hill im July 1st, and ihen 
 accompanied the army to Harrison's Landing. 
 The exj>osure and fighting of the seven da} s 
 before going into camp at Harrison's had 
 seriously told upon him in his exhausted con- 
 dition, and he was informed by the surgeon 
 that he must make a spcedj' clioice between a 
 change of climate and a coffin. He applied for 
 leave ofabsi'uce, but, under Halleck's orders, a 
 furlough was denied. This left the alternative 
 between resignation of his command or a death 
 from the scurvy, which had now attacked liis 
 bowels. On July 7th he resigned his commis- 
 sion and started for Fortress Monroe. Here 
 betook transport for Washington. The jour- 
 ney so exhausted him that he was compelled to 
 undergo medical treatment for a month before 
 he was able to ])roceed. Under the advice of 
 Ills ph}-sician he went to tiie mountains of 
 Pennsylvania. Here he remained for a week, 
 but not deriving the benefit which he had 
 ex])eetcd, began to consider his ca.sc as a hope- 
 less one anil was anxious to finish his journc}', 
 that ho might die at home. Thetri|)to Cleve- 
 land proved so severe that he was again com- 
 ]i('lled to rest. As soon as ho had r(u-iipcratcd 
 a little he once more resumed his way, and 
 linally reached Monroe, haggard, emaciated, 
 full of sores, with teeth dropping (»ut, and an 
 a|)parentlj- incurable internal disorder. For a 
 lime he looked forward to death as the ])rob- 
 alile termination, but under the tender minis 
 tratiims of Imme, hope began to regain an 
 ascendancy, and he even anticipated resuming 
 a position in the army. The colonel of the 
 Fourth regiment had fallen in battle, and 
 Colonel Grosvenor was offered a commission 
 as its commander. He accepted the offer, 
 hoping to spcedilj- be able to go to the fi'ont. 
 Hut as the time passed he became convinced 
 that the effects of his di.sease were incurable, 
 that further canqiaigning was a simple imjtos- 
 siliilitv. that a iiHinth's exposure in the field or 
 
 on the march would be undoubtedly fatal, and 
 he was compelled to decline the proffered 
 position. 
 
 Little by little, as his feeble state ])ermitted, 
 he gathered up the threads of civic life, which 
 he had thrown down to enter the service of his 
 country, and resumed the practice of his pro- 
 fession. In 18G8 he built the residence on the 
 west side of the public square which he occu- 
 pied as a homo for seventeen j^ears. In 1S70 
 he received the nomination of the Republican 
 party for representative in the State legisla- 
 ture, and although the county wasoveru helm- 
 inglj- Democratic, was elected. Thai same 
 fall there was elected as commissioner of the 
 State land office upon the Republican ticket a 
 Ca])tain Edmonds During the session of the 
 legislature, Edmonds' administration of his 
 office was such as to call for sharji criticism 
 both as to his moral character and official in- 
 tegrity. Reports of his misdemeanors became 
 so prevalent as to challenge the attention of 
 the legislature, and after tleliberation, it was 
 determined by the House of Representatives to 
 ]iresent articles of impeachment to the Senate. 
 The House selected Colonel (irosvenor as chair- 
 man of the managers of the impeachment trial 
 at the bar of the Senate, his associates being 
 He])resentatives 15, W. Huston, jr., and Ijj-nian 
 A. (Cochrane. 
 
 The trial was a cause celchrc in Jlichigan. 
 No precedents existed in the State ; it was the 
 fir.st time in her historj' that a jiublic officer 
 had been impeached, and Fdmonds was ably 
 defended b}- Judge Shipman of Cold water, who 
 fought every inch of the ground. Although 
 the House managers, led by Colonel Grosvenor, 
 presented overwhelming proof upon every one 
 of the eleven articles of impeachment, a two- 
 thirds vote of the Senate was necessary to 
 sustain the House, and in the face of the i>lea 
 that sustaining the charges might injure the 
 part}-, this two-thirds majority could not bo 
 obtained. The record of the im|)eachment 
 trial, puhlished by the State in two large vol- 
 umes in 1871, is a monument of the ability dis- 
 played by Colonel (irosvenor in the manage- 
 ment of this uniiiuc and interesting occasion. 
 It is probable that the jireccdents bearing upon 
 the law of impeachment and the procedure 
 ujion the trial of sucli causes have never else- 
 where been so cxhaustivel}' collated, not even 
 
454 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 upon the trial of President Johnson, as by the 
 attorneys for the prosecution and defense in 
 the Edmonds case. 
 
 Upon the return of Colonel Grosvenor to 
 Monroe at the close of the Edmonds trial, the 
 partnership so long existing between him and 
 Mr. Rauch was dissolved, and Colonel Grosve- 
 nor became associated with Rufus E. PhiTiney, 
 who had been previous!}' superintendent of the 
 public schools and had then but recently been 
 admitted to the bar. This partnership con- 
 tinued till Mr. Phinney was elected judge of 
 probate and assumed the duties of that office, 
 January 1,1877. Shortly afterward the firm 
 of Grosvenor & Landon was formed by Colonel 
 Grosvenor and Hon. George M. Landon, then 
 prosecuting attorney. This continued until 
 the death of Judge Phinney in 1884. when 
 Governor Bcgole appointed Mr. Landon judge 
 of probate to fill the vacancy. Colonel 
 Grosvenor then associated with him A. B. 
 Bragdon, and in 1886, upon his admission to 
 the bar, his son Elliot O. Grosvenor also be- 
 came a member of the firm. 
 
 In 1 884-5 Colonel Grosvenor built his present 
 residence upon " Fair Oaks Farm " From his 
 marriage in 1849 three living children survive; 
 Irene Frances, who married H. B. WheelncU, 
 Esq., of Chicago, Illinois, in 1886, and now re- 
 sides there ; Elliot O , who graduated with 
 honor from Michigan University as a B. A. in 
 the class of 1885, was admitted to the bar and 
 associated with his father in the practice of his 
 profession in 1886, and the same year was 
 married to Miss Minnie Hamilton of White 
 Pigeon, Michigan ; and Winthrop W., now a 
 student at college in Chicago, and who will 
 have received his degree of I). I). S by the 
 time these lines see the light. 
 
 The forum where Colonel Grosvenor's life 
 was passed, has been singularly lacking in 
 cases of more than local fame, but for manj- 
 years he has been found on one side or the 
 other of the most important trials of the section. 
 He was largely instrumental in unearthing the 
 Ditch frauds and punisliing the perpetrators ; 
 conducted to a successful issue the case of 
 Monroe County against the State of Michigan, 
 in which lie attacked the constitutionality of 
 the law under which the State was endeavoring 
 to collect some S30,000 from the countj', after 
 having bid in and sold the lands upon which 
 the taxes had been levied; in 1884 he over- 
 
 threw the Drain law, under which attempts 
 were being made to run drains through this 
 and adjoining counties, and successfully de- 
 fended in one and prosecuted in another of the 
 most noteworthy murder trials in the history 
 of the county. Previous to the reincorpora- 
 tion of the city in 1873 under the general 
 incorporation law, he was connected with the 
 drafting of every charter under which its gov- 
 ernment was administered ; its last special 
 charter having been drawn and introduced by 
 him while a member of the legislature of 1871. 
 He was prominently identified with the move- 
 ments which eventuated in the building of the 
 Holly, Wayne and Monroe Railroad to the 
 city, and the Toledo and Ann Arbor in the 
 western part of the county, and his legal advice 
 guided them through the formative stage. Dur- 
 ing Judge Warner Wing's last illness Colonel 
 Grosvenor performed the duties of the posi- 
 tion, and after Judge Wing's death, became one 
 of the counsel of the corporation. 
 
 The First Judicial Circuit of Michigan for 
 manv years was composed of the counties of 
 Monroe, Lenawee and Hillsdale, while Wash- 
 tenaw county was in the Fourth. In 1879 the 
 legislature took Monroe from the First and 
 Washtenaw from the Fourth and constituted 
 the two counties into the Twenty-second Judi- 
 cial Circuit. Colonel Grosvenor was put in 
 nomination forjudge of the new circuit by the 
 Re])ublican party. Both the Democratic and 
 the Greenback parties had candidates who 
 were strong and able men, and the election fol- 
 lowed the general vote of the district, which is 
 largely Democratic. In 1881 Colonel Grosve- 
 nor was appointed a trustee of the Michigan 
 Asylum for the Insane at Kalamazoo, and in 
 1887 was reappointed for a second term. He 
 has manifested much interest in the welfare ot 
 the institution, and has been an indefatigable 
 worker for its prosperity and success. He has 
 been for many j-ears the president of the 
 Monroe County Bar Association. 
 
 Thus for nearly fifty years he has been an 
 active practitioner in Monroe county. He has 
 acquired and retained a lucrative and pleasant 
 practice. As a lawyer his predominant char- 
 acteristics have been earnestness, fidelity, 
 acumen and industry. Thoroughly grounded 
 in the principles of the common law of Eng- 
 land (in his early practice he used to read 
 Blackstone through once a year), his mind 
 
iaJ 
 
 miJ 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 455 
 
 intuitively applies tliem to the matters sub- 
 mitted to him, and his success in the Supremo 
 court demonstrates the value of sueh knowl- 
 edge and training. In the trial of causes he is 
 dignified and urbane, but cool and wary, and 
 on the alert to discover his opponent's weak 
 ])oint. Somewhat like the Englishman's Imll- 
 dog, he doesn't know when he is whipped, and 
 has often plucked victory out of the verv jaws 
 of seeming defeatb)- his persistency and fertility 
 of recourse. His unvar3ing courtesy and (con- 
 sideration to his lirother attorne}'s, especially 
 to those in their callow years, make him a 
 pleasant opponent. His industry in the j)rep- 
 aralion of his cases is great, and his adversary 
 is apt to fiTi<l him armed at all points. As an 
 advocate lie is a modest but effective speaker, 
 if anything rather too much inclined to con- 
 dense his thought into weighty sentences. He 
 eschews bombast and clap trap, and his ad- 
 dresses and briefs are logical and to the point. 
 He is not a believer in technicalities, prefei-ring 
 to try a cause upon the legal merits rather 
 than win a victory by sharp practice. 
 
 But what a man does is not all of his life. 
 Being as well as action is included in the sum 
 of existence, and man frequently exercises as 
 wide an influen<'e and leaves his " footprints on 
 the sands of time " as much by what he is as by 
 his deeds. And when the "finis" shall be 
 written against the record of his long and busy 
 life, Colonel Grosvenor will be remembered not 
 alone as the successful lawyer and the brave 
 soldier, but as the kindly, helpful, honored. 
 Christian man. Beneath the calm exterior has 
 alwa\s lie;it a 83-mpathetic heart to which no 
 sufterer has ever appealed in vain. No client 
 was ever left defenseless through lack of moans, 
 if injustice had been done him. The widow, 
 tlu' fatherless, the oppressed and the pr)or have 
 found in him a champion; whose labors in 
 their behalf was not measured by the length of 
 their ))urse. The " under dog in the fight " is 
 always sure of his practical .sympath}-. Early 
 in life he joined the Presliytorian church, of 
 \s iiich he continues a valued member. 
 
 Thus, still active and cheerful, honored and 
 esteemed by all who know the depths of his 
 nature, his laborious an<l stormj' day is ])assing 
 to a caliM and pca(-eful sunset: as he draws 
 
 " — nearer to the waysiile inn, 
 Where toil shall end and reel begin," 
 
 GOUVERNEUR MORRIS. 
 
 Among the fo.v survivors of those who fifty 
 years ago loft their quiot homes, on the hill- 
 sides and in the valleys of New England, to 
 cast their lot« with the then sparse population 
 of Michigan and the great unsettled West, was 
 Coiuerneur Morris, the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Born in Springfield, Windsor county, Ver- 
 mont, February 1, 1809, he was named for his 
 great uncle, Gouverncur Morris, the statesman 
 to whom President Madison gave the credit of 
 clothing the constitution of the United States 
 in its present form of words ; who afterwards 
 received from I'resident Washington the ap- 
 jjointment of Minister to France, where, tii rough 
 all the bloody scenes of the Fi-ench Revolution, 
 he was the only representative of a foreign 
 government who remained faithfully at his 
 post of duty. General Lewis R. Morris, the 
 father of Judge Morris, was a son of Richard 
 Mori-is (at one time Chief Justice of the Slate 
 of New York, and whose tablet, with that of 
 his wife, is still seen in Trinity Churchyard, 
 at the head of Wall street), was born in Wall 
 street, in the city of New York. He joined the 
 Revolutionary army at seventeen years of age 
 as a lieutenant, continuing in service during the 
 remainder of the war, at one time on the staff 
 of General Schuyler, and later on the staff of 
 Crcneral Clinton. While still holding his 
 commission in the army (1781 and 1782) he 
 acted as first assistant in the State Department 
 of the Government then knovvn as the Depart- 
 ment of Foreign Affairs, and in that position 
 during the necessary absence of the secretary, 
 Chancellor Livingston, many of the negotia- 
 tions with the various European courts in rela- 
 tion to our peace with Great Britain, and the 
 recognition of our independence by other 
 powers, were carried on under his supervision. 
 Removing to Vermont, he was one of two 
 delegates sent b}' that Territory to secure its 
 admission as a State into the Union ; received 
 from President Washington the appointment 
 of its first United States Marsiial ; was lor 
 thirteen sessions Speaker of the Vermont House 
 of Representatives, and for six years member 
 of Congress from that State. Judge Morris's 
 mother, a woman of culture and refinement, 
 was a daughter of rjieutenant-Governor Jona- 
 tlian Hunt, of Vermont, 
 
 The first steps in the edur;ition of Judge 
 
456 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Morris were taken under the supervision of a 
 governeBs. Kapidly outgrowing this form of 
 instruction, he attended academies in Vermont, 
 Maine and New Hampshire until his seven- 
 teenth 3 oar, when he entered Dartmouth Col- 
 lege, graduating therefrom in the class of ISHO. 
 After one year of close application at the New 
 Haven Law School, he left on account of ill 
 health and traveled through the Soutliern 
 States. Partially recovering his health, he 
 entered the law office of King, Chase & Walker, 
 of Cincinnati, and was a member of the first 
 class of what was afterwards known as the 
 Cincinnati Law School, where he completed his 
 studies. Here a friendship commenced between 
 Judge Chase (afteruai-ds Chief Justice) and 
 liimseif, wiiich was continued in a correspond- 
 ence for many years. He was first admitted 
 to the bar in Kentuckj' ; afterwards returning 
 to Vermont, he settled in Brattleboro, and com- 
 menced the practice of his profession. 
 
 In 1834 he was married to Frances V. Hunt, 
 of Vermont; and three years later removed 
 to New York City. In 1840 he came to Miclii- 
 gan, settling at Brest, Monroe county, at that 
 time a stirring village with all prospects of be- 
 coming a prosperous city; but the growth of 
 Detroit and Monroe usurping its brilliant 
 future, he, with othei's, turned his attention to 
 farming. In 1855 he removed to Monroe City, 
 where he has since resided. In 18(i0 he was 
 elected county treasurer. At the expiration 
 of his term of office, he formed a copartner- 
 ship with the late Roderick O'Connor, then a 
 leading dry goods merchant of Monroe, anil 
 has since retained an interest in the mercantile 
 business in connection with the practice of law. 
 During his residence in Monroe county Judge 
 Morris has hold the offices of supei-visor, city 
 treasui-er, county treasurer, alderman, member 
 of the school board, circuit court commissioner, 
 judgo'of probate, and finally circuit judge for 
 the first term of the Twenty-second Judicial 
 (Circuit, composed of Monroe and Wasiitenaw 
 counties. The fidelity with whicii he dis- 
 <diarged the duties of these various offices may 
 he inl'erred from the tiut that in his election for 
 circuit judge, he received a plurality of over 
 twelve hundred (120(1) in Monroe county, in a 
 triangular contest with two well known and 
 prominent gentlemen, law^'ers of recognized 
 ability. 
 
 While Judge Morris has boen a lifelong 
 
 Democrat, zealous for the success of his party, 
 he has never been an office seeker. All the 
 offices which he has held came to him without 
 effort on his part. To him great credit 
 is due for rescuing Monroe county from Re- 
 publican rule in 18G8; since which time it has 
 continued a Democratic county. In that 
 memorable campaign he, as candidate for 
 judge of probate, with his associates on the 
 Democratic ticket, met the Republican part}', 
 in its palmiest days, then having a handsome 
 majority in the county, whose candidates pos- 
 sessed the necessary wherewithal and a deter- 
 mination to retain this majority at all hazards. 
 The result was the election of the entire Demo- 
 cratic ticket by fair majorities. It has been 
 his effort to keep dissenters and sore-heads of 
 other parties from obtaining officeat the hands 
 of the Democracy; but when, through inad- 
 vertence or chicanery, one of that stripe 
 secures a place on his party's ticket, he has 
 alwaj's considered it his highest duty at the 
 polls to secure the fall of such political acrobats. 
 
 Judge -Morris is a man of strong prejudices, 
 always ready to do a kind act (or his friends, 
 and equally readj' to punish his enemies. It 
 has been his desire to gratify his friends rather 
 than to appease the wrath of his enemies. 
 While he resiJocts one who honestly and openly 
 opposes him, he despises a fawning hypocrite. 
 
 Judge Morris appears like one who has come 
 down to t!)c present from a former epoch in 
 history. There are others in the community 
 who arc considered well preserved old men, 
 but few of them retain in so great a degree 
 their powers of body and mind. Having now 
 passed four score years he still stands promi- 
 nent at the Monroe county bar. 
 
 Seeing Judge Morris still actively engaged 
 in the laborious duties of his profession, one 
 can hardly realize thai in youth he saw Pi-esi- 
 dent Monroe during his official tour of tiie 
 Eastern States ; was present at a reception 
 given Lafayette in 1824 ; has conversed with 
 Daniel Webster while a guest in his father's 
 house ; has seen Joseph Bonaparte, brother of 
 the great Napoleon and ex-king of Naples and 
 Spain, in 1820, at his (Bonaparte's) hoTue, in 
 Hoidenlown, New Jersey, Henry Clay, Martin 
 Van Buren, John Jacob Astor, Noah Webster, 
 and other prominent and noted men of their 
 da\'. lias listened to sermons delivered by the 
 father of llenrj' Ward Beeeher ; has attended 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 45Y 
 
 loctiires of the first Prnfessiir Silliiiian, and is 
 familiar with and has a clear recollection of 
 important events which to most of us are 
 known onh' as history. 
 
 A man of fine intellect and classical educa- 
 tion, who has found his enjoyment in books 
 rather than people, he is gifted with a wonder- 
 ful memory, combined with an ardent desii-e 
 for information upon all subjects that interest 
 the world of to-daj'. 
 
 (juiet, unassuming and cordial to all, j'ct he 
 is descended from one of the oldest and most 
 illustrious families of the United States, and is 
 related by blood or connected by marriage 
 witli the Hamiltons, Schuylers, Bleekors, Lud- 
 lows, Lorillards, Hunts, and many others 
 whose names are prominent in history. Still, 
 Judge Morris recognizes no aristocracy' in this 
 land, and is ready to accord to every one such 
 consideration as their own conduct and (juali- 
 fications merit. 
 
 TALCOTT E. WING, 
 
 Of Monroe, Monroe county, was born in De- 
 troit, Michigan, September 24, 1819. His 
 father, Austin R. Wing, was a graduate of 
 Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 
 in 1814, and moved from Detroit to Monroe in 
 1829 with his family. He was one of the first 
 sheriffs of Wayne county, and was for three 
 terms delegate to Congress from the Territory 
 of Michigan. Subsequently he was regent of 
 the University of Michigan, and in 1842 was a 
 member of the Stale legislature, afterwards 
 holding the oflSce of United States Marshal. 
 He died at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849. He was 
 a public-spirited man. identifying himself with 
 all public enterprises of importance. He was 
 prominently connected with the temperance 
 movement, being president of the first State 
 Temperance Society. His wife, the mother of 
 Talcolt K. Wing, was Harriet Skinner, daughter 
 of Benjamin Skinner, Ksq , of Williamstown, 
 Massachusetts. Talcott E. attended the old 
 academy on Bates street, Detroit, until the 
 familj" removed to Monroe, when he continued 
 his education under the Kev. John O'Brien 
 and Rev. Samuel Center, principal of the Mon- 
 roe branch of the State Universilj'. He en- 
 tered in 1836 Knox College, Gambler. Ohio. 
 The following year he went to Williams Col- 
 
 lege at Williamstown. Massachusetts, fi'om 
 which he graduated in 1840. Returning to 
 Monroe he entered the law office of his uncle, 
 Warner Wing, afterwards judge of the Supreme 
 Court, who was at that time practicing law in 
 partnership with the Hon. Robert McClelland, 
 subsequently member of Congress and Secre- 
 tary of the Interior. He was admitteil to 
 practice in 1844. In 1849 he formed a copart- 
 nership with Ira R. Grosvenor for the practice 
 of law, which continued for eight years. He 
 was elected judge of probate in 18tJ4, and re- 
 elected to that office in 1868, since the expira- 
 tion of the last term continuing his practice, 
 although not an active member of the bar. He 
 has held a number of minor local offices, and 
 was instrumental in organizing the union 
 school at Monroe, of which he was a trustee 
 for a number of years, and since 1844 he has 
 held the office of United States Circuit Court 
 Commissioner. Organizing the banking firm 
 of Wing & Johnson, he retained an interest in 
 it until 1864, when it was merged with the 
 First National Bank of Monroe, of which he has 
 been president and cashier, and is now one of 
 the directors and its vice president. He was 
 elected an officer of the State Historical Society 
 in 1882, and at its meeting held at Lansing 
 June 2, 1887, was made president of the society 
 and was reelected to that office in 1888. He 
 received from Governor Luce the apjiointment 
 of president of the commission to attend the 
 centennial celebration of the first settlement in 
 the Northwestern Territory, under the ordi- 
 nance of 1787, to be held at Marietta, Ohio, in 
 April, 1888, and also the Industrial and Edu- 
 cational Exposition to be held at Columbus, 
 Ohio, in the fall of that year. 
 
 Mr. Wing has for the last forty years been a 
 member of the Presbyterian church of Monroe, 
 being one of the board ol trustees, and was in 
 1886 elected and ordained an elder of the 
 church. He has been instrumental in organ- 
 izing and establishing Sunday schools in the 
 county, and has taken an active part in leach- 
 ing and superintending them. 
 
 He was married in 1844 to Hlizabelh P. 
 Johnson, daughter of Colonel Oliver Johnson, 
 of Monroe, the fruits of that marriage being 
 four children, three sons and one daughter, all 
 of whom are living. The eldest, Talcott J. 
 Wing, is a merchant at Westfield, Massachu- 
 .setts. Charles R. Wing, the second son, is a 
 
458 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 lawyer of Monroe, and Austin E. Wing 
 was assistant cashier of the Commercial 
 National Bank of Detroit, and in 1888 was 
 appointed United States Bank Examiner, in 
 which position he is now engaged. The 
 daughter is the widow of James C. Little, and 
 resides at Monroe. He was married in 1859 to 
 Elizabeth Thurber, daughter of Hon. Jefferson 
 G. Thurber, by whom he has one son, Jefferson 
 T. Wing, engaged in business in Detroit. 
 
 Mr. Wing has lately undertaken, at the 
 solicitation of Munsell & Co., of New York, the 
 compilation of a history of Monroe county, 
 being one of its first settlers, and having a vivid 
 memory which enables him to describe i-emin- 
 iscences of daj's reaching far back of the 
 present generation. 
 
 He represented as elder the First Presbj'- 
 terian church of Monroe at the Synod of Mich- 
 igan, held at Grand Eapids in 1886, at Bay 
 City in 1887, at Flint in 1888, at Kalamazoo in 
 1889, and the Presbytery of Monroe in May, 
 1889, at the General Assembly held in New 
 York. 
 
 OTIS ADAMS CRITCHETT. 
 
 It was a characteristic of the early settler of 
 New England that he named his son, not for 
 some jiublic man whose name was famous, as 
 is the custom to-day, but for some sturdy an- 
 cestor of the boy, that his name might be a 
 patent to the world of the blood which was 
 his heritage. Descended by both the paternal 
 and maternal families from this Puritan stock. 
 Judge Critchett's names show his lineage. 
 
 A few years before the Eevolutionary war 
 John Critchett was a young New England 
 sailor on a trading vessel sailing from the jjort 
 of New London, Connecticut. He was over- 
 hauled one night by a British press gang, taken 
 on board a man of-war and became a sailor for 
 King George. He had no opportunity to es- 
 cape for nearly two years, but finally received 
 his freedom in England and made haste to re- 
 turn to his widowed mother. Lexington and 
 Concord speedily followed, and taking advan- 
 tage of the action of the Continental Congi-ess 
 he became mate of a privateersman. He pros- 
 pered financially and had accumulated a snug 
 fortune, when one day the traitor Benedict 
 Arnold, in command of a British expedition, 
 appeared on the shore of the Sound, and the 
 
 next morning Critchett was homeless and poor, 
 having snatched his infant son and barely 
 managed to escape from his burning dwelling. 
 His wife was Grace Otis, of the celebrated fam- 
 ily of Massachusetts patriots whose eloquence 
 had stimulated the colonists to throw off the 
 British yoke. After his losses in Connecticut, 
 ho entered the land service and served till the 
 close of the war, when he removed to Wash- 
 ington county. New York, where his son James 
 was born. The boyhood of James was spent 
 across the border in the State of Vermont. 
 Animated by the American desire to "go 
 west," while yet a young man he emigrated to 
 Seneca count}-, and later to Niagara county. 
 New York. DeWitt Clinton was at that time 
 building the Erie canal and Critchett became a 
 foreman upon that work, and later a contractor 
 upon the Welland canal. He settled in Lock- 
 port, Niagara county, and entered upon the 
 manufacture of soap and candles. • Here in 
 1831 he married Abigail Winslow. She was 
 descended upon her father's side from Kenelm 
 Winslow, who came over in one of the earliest 
 trips of the Mayflower, a brother of Governor 
 Edward Winslow, who came with the Plj-- 
 mouth colony in 1C20. They were natives of 
 Droitwich, England. Abigail Winslow's mother 
 was Abigail Adams, a daughter of the Massa- 
 chusetts Adamses, her grandfather being a 
 cousin of John Adams, the second president. 
 
 Shortljafter their marriage,John and Abigail 
 Critchettcame to Monroe county, Michigan, and 
 settled in London township upon the homestead 
 which is still in possession of their descendants. 
 They had four children who survived infancy, 
 thi-ee sons and one daughter, all of whom are 
 residents of Monroe county. The daughter, 
 Mrs. E. M. Lewis, is a resident of Dundee ; one 
 brother is upon the old homestead in London, 
 one in Milan, and the subject of the present 
 sketch for nearly a quarter of a century has 
 been one of the jjrominentand active attorneys 
 of Monroe City. 
 
 Otis A. Critchett was born November 30, 
 1838, and during his childhood knew the la- 
 borious life which falls to the bo}- in the family 
 of the pioneer farmer. It was a hard and a 
 rugged life at best, such a life as the youth of 
 to-day hardly know even by tradition, but it 
 made manly men and heroic women. His 
 early school days were passed in a log school 
 house, wherein taught a pedagogue who was 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 459 
 
 paid liy a 'Tate bill" ami wiio "boardeil 
 around." At tlie age of seventeen he became 
 a toacher himself and experienced the do- 
 lights (?) incident to a continuously shifting 
 boarding place. Having by this means accu- 
 mulated a little money, he entered Lodi Acade- 
 my to prepare liimself for admission to the Uni- 
 versity of Micliigan. This acadomj-, now but a 
 memory, was at that time quite a famous edu- 
 cational institution. The public school .system 
 afforded absolutely no facilities to the student 
 desiring to prei)are for college, and he was com- 
 pelled either to attend one of these jjreparatory 
 academies or have recourse to a private tutor. 
 Lodi Academy was presided over by Kufus 
 Nutting, a former professor of languages in the 
 Western Eeserve College of Hudson, Ohio. 
 Under his tuition Judge George M. Landon, 
 Edwin Willitts and others were prepared for 
 the university. With the exception of a short 
 time when j'oung Critcliett was in Monroe 
 Citj', reciting to Edwin Willitts, who directed 
 his studies, his preparation for the university 
 was made at this institution, and after being 
 prepared lie ])ursued the course of the freshman 
 year under Prof. Nutting, taking charge of the 
 classes in higher mathematics at the academy 
 during this time. 
 
 In 1859 he entered the so])honiore class at 
 Michigan University, in the classical course, 
 and graduated an A. B. in 1862. From his 
 earliest boyhood the profession of the law had 
 been his choice, and immediately upon his 
 graduation in the department of literature, 
 science and arts, he entered the law depart 
 ment. Here in March, 18G4, he was graduated 
 an LL. B. Continual study had told upon 
 his physical well being, and in February, 1864, 
 he became ill from overwork, lleturning homo 
 he recuperated during the summer, coming to 
 Monroe in the fall, where he had engaged as 
 principal of the high school. Ho entered upon 
 the duties of his position in September, 1864, 
 but a few weeks after an attack of pneumonia 
 compelled him to relinquish his position. Upon 
 his recovery he continued the study of law, was 
 admitted to the bar in Septemher, 1865, hung 
 out his shingle and commenced his life-work in 
 the practice of his profession. 
 
 Among his earliest recollections he recalls 
 scenes wherein at the earlj' dawn some trem- 
 bling negro slave, escaped from bondage, would 
 be brought to his father's house, his conceal- 
 
 ment for a time, and his journey forward to 
 the next station of the "underground railroad" 
 when safe to do so. It is needless to say that 
 the boy became an " Abolitionist; " and he has 
 been a stanch Eepublican all his life. When 
 Abe Lincoln was nominated in 1860, Critchett 
 was a student at the university. It was his 
 first vote for president, he having attained his 
 majority only eleven months before, and in the 
 raw, cold November weather, with roads stiff 
 with freezing mud, he walked twenty-six miles 
 from Ann Arbor home to cast his vote. 
 
 In 1866 he was nominated by the Eepubli- 
 can party for prosecuting attorney and was 
 elected. He was renominated in 1868, but in 
 that year the Democrats regained the ascend- 
 ency in Moni'oc county, which they had lost 
 during the war, and ho was unsuccessful. In 
 1872 he was nominated and elected judge of 
 probate, and ably filled the position till 1876. 
 lu 1881 he received the nomination ol his 
 partv for cii'cuit judge of the Twenty-second 
 Judicial Circuit, consisting of the counties of 
 Monroe and Washtenaw. Both counties were 
 stronglj^ Democratic, j-et so great was the con- 
 fidence of the people in Mr. Critchett in the 
 count}' where he had been born, and where his 
 abilit}- and integrity were best known, that he 
 reversed the usual majoritj^, carrying Monroe 
 count\- by nearly 500; though owing to the 
 heavy Democratic vote of Washleiuiw county, 
 his opponent, Hon. Chaunccy Joslj^n, was 
 elected. He was appointed postmaster at Mon- 
 roe by President Arthur, and held the position 
 for four years. During his pi-actiee he has at 
 various times associated himself with other 
 practitioners. He was at one time the part- 
 ner of General Maxwell, and in 1876 he formed 
 a copartnership with his former preceptoi', Ed- 
 win Willitts, which continueil during the terms 
 of Mr. Willitts as Congressman, and until he 
 settled in Ypsilanti as principal of the State 
 Normal School. 
 
 The interest which the boy took in educa- 
 tional matters has been characteristic of the 
 man, and he has been at all times a stanch and 
 untiring advocate of mental advancement. For 
 ten years he was a member of the board of 
 education of Monroe City, and has taught its 
 high scliool when sudden change has left it 
 without a principal. Ho has been for sixteen 
 years a trustee of Albion College, and has de- 
 voted considei'abU' labor and time to the wi'l. 
 
4fi0 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 fare and progress of (hat flourishing institu- 
 tion. 
 
 His connection with the Methodist Episco- 
 pal church is almost as extensive as his resi- 
 dence in Monroe. Ho early became an attend- 
 ant upon its sei'vices, and was made a member of 
 its official board, even before he formally united 
 witii it. His connection with its board of 
 trustees has never been broken, and he con- 
 tinues to-day to watch over its interests with 
 earnest and intelligent care. 
 
 rie was married at Ann Arbor, while still a 
 student of the university, on November 23. 
 18(il, to Anna G. Warner, also of New England 
 lineage. Four children were the results of this 
 marriage : James C, born October 25, 18G2, 
 who was admitted to the bar of Monroe county, 
 and is now in Mexico; John, born Noveniiier 1, 
 1806, a graduate of Albion College, and now an 
 instructor in the Flint Normal School; Mary 
 Abigail, born September 1, 18(50, died August, 
 1870 ; and Otis A., jr., born August 17, 1875. 
 On July .31, 1882, his wife died, and in Sep- 
 tember, 1883, he was married to Almira A. 
 Warner, a sister of his former wife. 
 
 As an attorney Judge Critchett has attained 
 an enviable position and an excellent pi-aetice. 
 He has, so far as possible, avoided "criminal 
 practice," and devoted himself to the broader 
 field of jurisprudence, liased upon the common 
 and the civil law. He is a cautious and a safe 
 counselor ; a clear advocate, depending upon a 
 logical and rational presentation of his case 
 rather than oratorical effoi'ts or sympathetic 
 pleas, and a persistent practitioner who doesn't 
 know how to " stay beaten.' Indeed, his op- 
 ponent who fancies himself securely triumph- 
 ant, not infrequently finds the judge suddenly 
 " on top" and fighting as vigorously as ever. 
 
 In the quiet of his pleasant home Judge 
 Critchett has collected about him a notable 
 library, in which his leisure hours are spent. 
 While rich and full in every department of 
 literature which challenges modern thought, it 
 is particularly complete in iiistorical works of 
 value, and especially so in those pertaining to 
 American history. In the field of political 
 and social economy, and particularly that de- 
 partment of it covering the inception, growth 
 and development of constitutional government, 
 he is an earnest and close student. 
 
 With matured and well-trained powers, he 
 is yet but in the prime of life with, it is to be 
 
 hoped, many useful and honorable years yet 
 before him. 
 
 JOHN R. RAUCII, 
 
 A member of the Monroe county' bar, is a 
 native of Pennsylvania. When a young lad, 
 his father, with his family, consisting of his 
 wife and eight children, moved to Michigan 
 and settled on a farm in the township of La 
 Salle, this county. After a few years of farm 
 life he left home to attend school, and gradu- 
 ated at Heidelberg College in 1856. He studied 
 law with Colonel Ira E. Grosvenor of Monroe, 
 and after his admission he became and was for 
 a number of years associated with Colonel 
 Grosvenor in the profession. He was married 
 in 1864 to Frances C, youngest daughter of the 
 late Rev. Charles N. Mattoon, D. D., who was 
 then and for some years later, the pastor of the 
 First Presbyterian ehurcli at Monroe. Mr. 
 Ranch never dabbled much in politics, at least 
 not with the view of making that a hobby for 
 power or pelf Aside from the general demands 
 of the public and the time and energy which 
 any true citizen should give to the problems of 
 social life, his time is occupied in professional 
 duties and his private business interests. 
 
 GEORGE M. LANDON, 
 
 Son of Dr. George and Euphemia {Me(iueen) 
 Landon, was born in Monroe, July 4, 1837. 
 He prepared for college in Monroe, and gradu- 
 ated at the Michigan State Universitj' in 1857. 
 Studied law in Cleveland, Ohio, in the office of 
 Ranney, Backus & Noble, and subsequently 
 with Hon. Isaac P. Christiancy of Monroe ; 
 was admitted to the bar and entered on the 
 practice of his profession in Grand Rapids. 
 He remained there but a few months, when he 
 removed to St. Joseph, Missouri, and practiced 
 law until the news reached St. Joseph of the 
 disastrous battle of Bull Run, when he returned 
 to Monroe and acted as deputy, county treas- 
 urer's office, until the close of his father's term 
 as treasurer ; entered the Fourth Michigan in 
 summer of 1862; was in the Army of the Cum- 
 berland until the close of the war; mustered 
 out July, 1865. In the fall of 1865 entered the 
 Chicago Theological Seminary and graduated 
 in the spi'ing of 1868; ministered in churches 
 in the States of Wisconsin, Iowa and Minne- 
 
/^/^^ 0^"^.^t^ — 
 
THE I!AK OF MONROE. 
 
 461 
 
 Rot;i. Ill 1875 i-lironic llii-oat trmiblcs com- 
 pelled him to leave the miiiistr_v ; retui-neil to 
 Monroe. In May, 1870, was ehosen city attor- 
 ney, and in November of same year was elected 
 prosecuting attornej* of the count}' of Monroe ; 
 held the office for two terms. In 1871) ho 
 formed a copartnership with Colonel Ira 1{. 
 Grosvenor which lasted until appointed judgo 
 of jirobate, February' 27, 1SS4, vice Hon. Hiifus 
 K. Phinney. deceased : in the fall of same year 
 was nominated and elected judge of probate for 
 icrm ending with the year 1888, when he re- 
 t urncd to the practice of his profession ; married 
 April, 1873, Miss S. J. Johnson of Plainfield, 
 Iowa, who died in 1882. In June, 1884, mar- 
 ried Miss Kate Chapman of Monroe, Michigan. 
 Though entitled to a pension, has not applied 
 for one. 
 
 HON. BURTON PARKER 
 
 Is a native of Monroe count}', being born in 
 Dundee, April 24, 1844. His parents were 
 Morgan and Rosette C. (Breningstall) Parker. 
 In 1854 he removed with his parents to Peters 
 burgh, where his father engaged in milling and 
 manufacturing lumber. For seven years he 
 attended the schools at Petersburgh, until the 
 breaking out of the civil war, when, with his 
 father, Morgan Parker (from whom the G. A. R. 
 Post at Petersl)urgh receives its name), he en- 
 listed October, ISCl, in Company F, First 
 Regiment of Michigan Hngineersand Mechan- 
 ics. He participated in the campaign of 18(il 
 in Kentucky. He, with his father, was at the 
 battle of Mill Springs, January 19, 1862, in 
 which the rebel general Zollicoflfer was killed. 
 His father died April 4, 1862, and Burton was 
 discharged the following July on account of ill 
 healtli. 
 
 Shortly after the close of the war he entered 
 the employ of M. B. Thomas, at Petersburgh, 
 as a clerk in a dry goods house, at the same 
 time pursuing the study of law. He was 
 elected justice of the peace in 1867, and the fol- 
 lowing year entered the law department of the 
 Michigan University fi'om which he graduated 
 with the class of 1S70, and was admitted to the 
 bar the following May. 
 
 September 8, 186:-i, he was married to Fannie 
 C, daughter of Nelson L. and Jane (Abies) 
 Reynolds, whose children are: Hal. M., 
 born January ^3, 1865, graduated from Michi- 
 
 gan College of Medicine and Surgei'y at Detroit, 
 in 1880, and now practicingat Metamora, Ohio; 
 Thaddeus, born September 28, 1868, who follows 
 in the footsteps of his elder brother, and enters 
 the same college as his brother leaves it; and 
 Dayton, born May 2, 1877. 
 
 In 1876, Mr. Parker removed to Monroe, 
 where he has since most of the time been 
 actively engaged in the practice of his profes- 
 sion, being for eight years the law partner 
 of J. D. Rouan. In 1872 Mr. Parker was 
 elected circuit court commissioner. He was 
 elected on the Republican ticket in a strong 
 Democratic city as mayor for two terms, the 
 first being 1881 and the second in 1883. Ho 
 was elected ae representative from the First 
 district of Monroe countj' to the State legisla- 
 ture in a strong Democratic district in 1882 by 
 a majority of 267, and in the legislature of 
 1883-4 was chairman of the Committee on 
 Municipal Corporations, and member of the 
 Committee on Elections. During the same 
 time he was on the Republican State Central 
 Committee as the representative from the Sec- 
 ond Congressional District. In the winter of 
 1884-5 he went to Montana, and by appoint- 
 ment of President Arthur, had charge of tho 
 Indian agency at Fort Peck. In April, 1886, 
 he went into partnership with E. R. Gilday in 
 the practice of law under the firm name of 
 Parker & Gildaj-. 
 
 He is, with his wife, a consistent member of 
 the Pi-esbyterian church, and as an old soldier, 
 an active member of the Joseph R. Smith Post, 
 No. 76, G. A. R., at Monroe, of which he is past 
 post commander, and in masonry claims mem- 
 bershiji in Blanchard Lodge, No. 102, at Peters- 
 burgh, and River Raisin Chapter, No. 22, 
 R. A. M., at Monroe. 
 
 i:d\vin r. gild.vy, 
 
 Son of William and Anna (Kareny) Gilda}', 
 was born in LaSalle, Monroe county, Michigan, 
 October 24, 1848. Attended district school 
 until 1865. In the fall of that j-ear entereil 
 the Monroe Union School and graduated there- 
 from Julv 2. 18119. In the summer of 1872 
 entered the law office of Joseph D. Ronan. In 
 the fall of 1873 entered the law ilepartment of 
 .Michigan I'niversity and graduated therefrom 
 with the class of 1875. In the fall of 1874 was 
 
4fi2 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 elected county clerk of Monroe county on the 
 Democratic ticket, and re-elected in the fall of 
 1876. At the close of his terra opened an office 
 as attorney and counselor at law. At the 
 spring election of 1879 was elected a member 
 of the school board for the term of three years, 
 and re-elected for same term in 1882. In 1880 
 was elected prosecuting attorney of the count}-, 
 and re-elected in 1882. In 1885 was elected 
 mayor of the cit}' of Monroe and re-elected in 
 1886. Since 1879 has been continuously in the 
 practice of law. 
 
 CHARLES R. WING, 
 
 Son of Talcott and Elizabeth Johnson Wing, 
 was born in Monroe, April 2, 1853. Prepared 
 for college and graduated at the High School 
 in Monroe. Entered the Michigan State Uni- 
 versity and graduated therefrom with the 
 class of 1874. Was admitted to the bar, and is 
 practicing law in the city of Monroe. 
 
 CHARLES A. GOLDEN, 
 
 Son of Patrick and Mary Golden, was born in 
 the city of Monroe, March 27, 1854; was grad- 
 uated from St. Vincent's College, Westmore- 
 land county, Pennsylvania, class of 1873 ; law 
 department Michigan University, class of 1876 ; 
 admitted to the bar at Monroe May 3,1876. Mar- 
 ried to Frances L. Soleau, October 27,1880 ; have 
 three children. Was the circuit court com- 
 missioner Moni'oe county, 1876-78; city attor- 
 ney, 1877-1885 ; supervisor fourth ward, 1881 ; 
 prosecuting attorney, 1884-88 ; chief of fire de- 
 partment, 1885-89 ; mayor and president 
 board of education, 1889. 
 
 ALONZO B. BRAGDON. 
 
 While the Mayflower colonj^ were strug- 
 gling against hostile savages and want at 
 Plymouth, Sir Ferdinando (or Fernando) 
 Gorges, a Yorkshire nobleman, obt:iined a 
 grant of land and sent a company of" knights, 
 gentlemen and adventurers " to the new world. 
 They landed north of -the Merriraac Eiver, in 
 what is now York county, Maine, in 1623, and 
 founded a settlement called Agamenticus. 
 Gorges, with a liberality far in advance of the 
 
 age. some years afterward granted the settlers 
 the right to elect twelve councilmen who should 
 make laws for the colony, reserving to him.self 
 the right of approval before the laws became 
 operative. This was one of the first, if not the 
 first, representative government in America. 
 Among the councilmen first elected, in 1640, 
 was one Arthur Bragdon. His descendants 
 settled in various places, as far east as Ells- 
 worth, Maine, but the Indian massacre of 
 1698 left but five of the name living. The 
 elder branch of the family was reduced to two 
 brothers, Thomas, aged twenty-one, and 
 Samuel, aged seventeen, at the opening of the 
 Eevolutionary War. Both entered the Amer- 
 ican army, and were with Washington at 
 Valley Forge. Thomas returned to Maine and 
 died childless shortly afterward. Samuel con- 
 tinued till the close of the war, and was among 
 the company who carried the news of the sur- 
 render of Cornwallis from Yorktown to New 
 York. Two or three years afterward he mar- 
 ried and settled in Maine. Here six sons were 
 born to him, the eldest named Samuel after 
 himself The others were Theodore and Asa 
 B., who became farmers (the latter still living 
 in Oswego county. New York); George L. 
 (who settled later in Ontario county, New 
 York, and whose son Charles D. was till his 
 death editor of Moore's Rural New Yorker, 
 and another son, George C, is editor of 
 the Eochester Times); Erastus E. E., pro- 
 fessor of Greek and Latin at Fulton Col- 
 lege; and Charles P., a Methodist preacher, 
 one of tlie founders of Evanston, Illinois, 
 Theological Seminary, and whose son, C. C, is 
 principal of Lasell Seminary, Auburndale, 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 The eldest son, Samuel, married in Maine 
 and became the father of five sons and four 
 daughters, the oldest being Asa B., born in 
 Hallowell, Maine, in 1816. Of these children 
 three sons and three daughters yet survive; 
 one daughter dying shortly after her marriage, 
 and two sons fill premature graves from wounds 
 received in the War of the Eebellion. Asa B. 
 removed with his father to Lockport, New 
 York, in his boyhood. Here he married in 
 1842 Almira Barnes, a native of Canandaigua, 
 New York. Four children were the result of 
 this marriage : Adelaide A., born 1843 ; Emma 
 S., born 1845; Alonzo Bartlett, born January 
 20, 1847, and Leroy P., born January 20, 1854. 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 403 
 
 The first two and last died in iul'ancy. In 
 1S50 Asa H. i-emoved to I'ennsyivania, wliero 
 lie resided for two years, going thenec to New 
 IJsl)on, Ohio, wiiere lie remained till Septem- 
 ber, 185G. Here, in 1854. Alonzo B. entered 
 the intermediate department of the schools, 
 liavini^ previously been taught at home. Re- 
 moving to Hillsdale, Michigan, in 1856, he en- 
 tered the high school. In December of the 
 same year he removed to Hudson, Afichigaii. 
 The village at that time afforded nothing better 
 in the way of pnblic education than a district 
 school, divided into the infant room and the 
 " big room." Being an apt scholar and learn- 
 ing easily, he soon mastered what that .school 
 could impart. Fortunately, for several 3'ears 
 select schools were established, furnishing a 
 higher grade of education than the course in the 
 district school ; but unfortunately in those days 
 of barter, store orders and wildcat banks, 
 financial reasons stood in the way of his avail- 
 ing himself of these advantages. Determined 
 to obtain an education, in which determination 
 he was aided by his parents, so far as their 
 means would permit, by odd jobs he managed 
 to supplement his funds sufficiently to pur- 
 chase necessary books and attend these schools. 
 He became carrier hoy of the Hudson Gazette, 
 and after school hours was a "devil" and then 
 a compositoi-, acquiring some knowledge of the 
 "art preservative." In 1801 the first union 
 school in the village was opened, and he com- 
 menced attending it, being a classmate and in- 
 timate friend of Will Carleton. While prejjar- 
 ing for college he taught Latin and the higher 
 mathematics in this school. He was ])repared 
 for Oberlin College in 1864 and entered in the 
 class of 1868. He taught again that winter, 
 keeping up his class studies and resumed them 
 in college in the earl}- spring of 1865. lie was 
 called home by the illness of his mother before 
 commencement, and his funds being exhausted 
 he sought another school, intending to i-esiime 
 his studies in the fall. While looking for a 
 school he was ottered a position as book keeper 
 b\^ the firm of J. K. Boies & < 'o , and calculat- 
 ing that he could earn enough in one year to 
 maintain himself in college for two years, he 
 accepted. He worked at the desk all day and 
 attempted to keep up his studies at night, with 
 the result of serious injury to his eyes. He 
 intermitted the studies, and a generous increase 
 in jjay induced him to remain another year. 
 
 Before this expired, however, his eyes were in 
 such condition that it was only by the greatest 
 care lie was enabled to fill his term. Re- 
 lim|uishingliis book-keeper's desk, he obtaitied 
 a clerkship in the office of the Michigan South- 
 ern and Northern Indiana Railroad, involving 
 no evening work. Thanks to a vigorous con- 
 stitution, in six months his eyes were entirely 
 well. Some time before he had chosen the pro- 
 fession of the law, and with restored eyes he 
 entered upon its stuily. In 1868 he was 
 offered and accepted the agency of the same 
 com))any at Monroe, .Michigan. Here, for a 
 time, his studies were interrupted, but bj- 
 systematizing his work, he again resumed them 
 in 1869. They continued till the fall of 1870, 
 when interrupted again by a long and serious 
 illness. He was nearly jirejiared for admis- 
 sion to the bar, when in 1871 the completion of 
 the Flint and Pcre Marquette Railroad gave 
 him increased salary and sufficient help to 
 render his position a desirable one. In 1873 
 he tendered his resignation, intending to com- 
 plete his studies and enter the profession of 
 his choice, but was induced to withdraw it. 
 For some years he discontinued all study of 
 the law and retained his position, traveling 
 over the eastern and southern portion of the 
 United States in his vacations. In 1882, be- 
 coming dissatisfied with his occupation, he 
 again resumed the study of the. la^v under the 
 friendly direction of Colonel Grosvenor. He 
 was admitted to the bar January 2, 1884, and 
 on the 17th of the same month entered Colo 
 nel (irosvenor's office, with whom he has since 
 been associated. 
 
 He was married July 10, 186(i, to Agnes H. 
 Ross, daughterof Rev. Benjamin Ross, of South 
 Bend, Indiana. Four children have been horn 
 to them : Florence A., 1869; Alonzo B., jr., 
 1872; Charles R., 1874 (died August 31, 1874) ; 
 and Bessie M., 1876. Despite a laborious life, 
 from his early30uth he has been an omnivorous 
 reader and a continual student. He has man- 
 aged by utilizing the " unconsidered triffes " of 
 time to do a great deal of reading and t<> ac- 
 cumulate a large and well-selected library in 
 which he takes great delight. He has contrib- 
 uted in ]irose and rhyme to various period- 
 icals and books, and was tendered an editorial 
 chair in Chicago, but declined. Since his ad- 
 mission to the bar he has dalibled slightlv in 
 politics, and has held the office of circiiii court 
 
464 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 commissioner, deputy county clerk und city 
 attorney. 
 
 HARRY A. LOCKWOOD 
 Was born in the village of Petersburgli, in 
 Monroe county, August 28, 1861. His parents, 
 Ezra L. Lockwood and .Jennie Hall Lockwood, 
 moved upon the farm still occupied by them in 
 the township of Bummerfield, in 18G2. His 
 boyhood was spent upon the farm and in at- 
 tendance upon the public schools of the town- 
 ship, and, having finished the course at the 
 union school of I'etersburg in 1878, he entered 
 the Michigan State Normal School, from which 
 he graduated with the class of '81. He then 
 entered the Law Department of the University 
 of Michigan and grad\iated with the class of 
 1883. Having been admitted to practice as an 
 attorney at law in December, 1882, he came to 
 Monroe immediately after iinishing his course 
 at the University, and began the practice ot 
 his profession and is still located in Monroe. 
 He was married to Helen Stone, of Washing- 
 ton, Michigan, Aug. 28, 1884. 
 
 HENRY SHAW NOBLE, 
 Son of Hon. David A. Noble, was born in 
 Monroe, December 19, 1839. He was educated 
 at the branch school of the University, and at 
 the age of sixteen entered the University at 
 Ann Arbor. He was married to Miss Delia S. 
 Vrooman in 1857. Mr. Noble entered the 
 mercantile business the same year, and dealt 
 in general merchandise under the firm name 
 of W. A. & H. S. Noble until 1861, when the 
 firm was changed to Noble & Eedfield, which 
 continued until 1865. Mr. Noble was secretary 
 of the Holly ,Wayne and Monroe Railway during 
 its construction. He was one of the originators 
 of the organization of the Monroe Democrat ; 
 is a stockholder and trustee of that corporation. 
 Mr. Noble studied law with Willitts & Raleigh 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1872. Was afi- 
 pointed by President Cleveland postmaster of 
 tlie city of Monroe and still holds the office. 
 
 Michigan. The subject of this sketch was edu- 
 cated in the common schools, and after arriv- 
 ing at tbe age of twenty-one years, he worked 
 on his fiither's farm until the fall of 1873, when 
 Mr. Adams entered the law office of the late 
 Judge Warner Wing & Son, Anderson Wing, 
 and after a course of study and reading lasting 
 nearl}' three years, he was admitted to the bar 
 in the year 1876. Mr. Adams, while a student, 
 received many valuable suggestions and advice 
 while in Judge Wing's office, with the use of 
 his fine library, at that time the best in Monroe 
 county. Judge Wing was a fine lawj^er, and 
 his library was .stored with fine books, and in 
 his ofiice a student had no reason to complain. 
 Mr. Adams was married in the year 1879, to 
 Marzette Bissonette, of Monroe, Michigan. By 
 that lady he had five children, of whom four 
 are now living: Thomas Darwin Adams, 
 Warner Wing Adams, Ruth Mary Adams and 
 Emma A. Adams. Mr. Adams has never been 
 an aspirant for office, though he was elected 
 township superintendent of schools several 
 times. Is at the present time practicing law in 
 Monroe City, Michigan. 
 
 THOMAS D. ADAMS, 
 
 Son of Dr. Ephraim Adams, of Monroe City, 
 Michigan, and Mary Paddock Adams, of Water- 
 town, Jefferson county, New York, was born 
 March 25, 1842, in Frenchtown, Monroe county, 
 
 JOHN W. BILLMIRE 
 Was born November 19, 1853, in Wurtemburg, 
 Germany. When John W. was four years of 
 age his parents emigrated to the United States 
 and settled in Monroe county, Michigan. Mr. 
 B. received his education at the State Normal 
 School, Yjisilanti, Michigan, and graduated 
 from that institution in 1880. He graduated 
 fram the Law Department of tlie Michigan 
 University in 1883, and was admitted to the 
 bar the same year. He is a Republican, and 
 was elected county clerk for 1887-88 ; is now a 
 member of the county board of school examin- 
 ers. John W. resides at Monroe, Michigan, 
 and is engaged in the practice of law. 
 
 JOHN P. JAMINET, 
 Born in Diffordingen, Grand Duchy of Luxem- 
 bourg, September 23, 1839, received his educa- 
 tion in his native village and schools in France ; 
 emigrated to the United States in 1857, and 
 came to Monroe in 1860 ; was elected an alder- 
 man of the first wai'd in 1872 and served two 
 terms; elected as justice in 1879, and is serv- 
 ing now his third term as such; admitted to 
 the bar in 1883 and elected circuit court com- 
 missioner in 1888. 
 
^/^^^-^^ (^^^^z^^^^^ 
 
THE BAR OF MONROE. 
 
 465 
 
 JOHN DAVIS 
 Was born oi> (irosse isle, in Monguagon town- 
 ship, Wayne county, Micliigaii, January 21, 
 1828, and has always lived in this State; 
 attended the Young Men's Academy in Monroe 
 under Professor Stehbins, and took a commer- 
 cial course under Professor Stevens. Eighteen 
 years he taught St. Mary's School for Boys in 
 Monroe, under Right Rev. Bd. .loos as director, 
 lie has held the offices of township clerk and 
 school inspector of Raisinville, and afterward 
 cit}' clerk, supervisor and justice of the peace 
 ill Monroe City for about twelve years, and 
 was superintendent of the poor nine years; 
 studied law in the office of Judge Morris; was 
 admitted to the bar May 15, 1880, and is now, 
 ill 1880, justice of the peace. 
 
 SETH V. RANDALL, 
 Son of George C. and Esther A. (McAllister) 
 Randall, was born in Orleans county, New- 
 York, February 15, 1842. After receiving his 
 education he came west. lie served liiree 
 years in the late war as a member of Companj- 
 I), Twenty-second Regiment Michigan Volun- 
 teer Infantry. His hrother-in-Iaw, Harrison 1). 
 Plank, was a member of the Eighteenth Regi- 
 ment, and was lost off the Sultana. Mr. Ran- 
 dall has held the office of town treasurer in 
 Hlooinfield, Oakland county, Michigan, and has 
 been school superintendent at Dundee. Mr. 
 Randall was married to Ellen M. Plank, daugh- 
 ter of James and Sarah 11. (Dubois) Plank, May 
 IS, 1870. Their son Harrison was born Feb- 
 ruary 17, 1871, and Don H., May 24, 1872, died 
 October 18, 1872 ; has a successful practice, 
 often advocating cases in the circuit court of 
 Monroe county. 
 
 SEWARD BAKER, 
 Representative from the Second District of 
 Monroe county, was born in the township of 
 Ash, this county, October 11, 1858. His father, 
 Harrison Baker, was born in New York State, 
 April 4, 1832, and was one of the pioneers of 
 Ash township. The mother of the subject of 
 this sketch, Minerva (Donaldson) Baker, was 
 born in Swanton, Vermont, in November, 1837. 
 She married in November, 1857, and was the 
 mother of ten children, Seward being the 
 eldest. Two of the children are deceased, Mr. 
 Baker remained on the farm with his parents 
 until he had attained the age of twenty one, at- 
 tending school during the winter months. He 
 
 entered the Nortln'i-n Indiana Normal School 
 and graduate<l in the teachers' department in 
 1882, and the same winter taught a select 
 school in Canandaigua, Lenawee county. He 
 was elected to the State legislature in 1885-G 
 and 1887-8 on the Democratic ticket. He 
 entered the Law Department of the University 
 of .Michigan in October, 1885, and wasadmittcd 
 to tlie bar in June, 188(5, Since that lime he 
 has practiced law in Carlton, and at present 
 (1889) is prosecuting attorney of Monroe 
 county, and has taken uii his residence in the 
 city of Monroe. His father was accidentally 
 killed on his farm May 28, 1888. His mother 
 still resides on the farm in Ash townshij). 
 
 B. J. CORBIN, 
 Son of Lsaac and Martha C. Corbin, who emi- 
 grated from Grand Isle county, Vermont, and 
 settled in Ann Ai'bor, Michigan, died in 1871, 
 and in 1883 his widow removed to Dundee, 
 Monroe county, Michigan. The subject of this 
 sketch was born in (irand Isle county, Ver- 
 mont; received his education at the high 
 school and Michigan State University; was 
 atlmitted to the bar at Ann Arbor in 1878, and 
 is at present law partner of Seth ('. Randall in 
 practice in Dundee, 
 
 JOHN O, ZABEL, 
 Attorney and counselor, of Petersburgh, Mon- 
 roe count}-, was born in Postenkill, New York, 
 October 29, 185G, His parents moved from 
 Postenkill to Dundee in 1860, and from thence 
 to Summerfield, Monroe count}-, where they 
 still reside, 
 
 John O., the subject of this sketch, worked on 
 the tixrm summers and attended district schools 
 in winter months; attended union school at 
 Petersburgh, two winters ; entered law depart- 
 ment of Michigan University October 1, 1877 ; 
 graduated March 2(i, 1879, class of 1879; was 
 admitted to the bar the same year; commenced 
 practice at Petersburgh, where he is sti][ 
 located ; was married October 20, 1880, to Mate 
 (Swick) Zahel ; has two sons, aged seven and 
 three. Mr, Zabel was president of the village 
 for the years 1883, 1887 and 1888 ; attorney of 
 the village for the years 1884 and 1889; is at 
 present member of the school board ; was 
 chairman of the countj' committee of the (ireeii- 
 back part}- for si.\ years, and candidate for 
 attorney-general on the Union Labor ticket in 
 1888; received 4,GC7 votes, the second highest. 
 
CHAPTER XXXV. 
 
 FISHERIES. 
 
 LONG before the River Raisin massacre and 
 for many years thereafter, while the 
 country was yet inhabited by the aborigines, 
 the waters of LaliC Erie bounding the shores of 
 this county were known to teem with the 
 choicest varieties of fresh water fish. Among 
 these were whitefish, lake herring, pickerel, 
 black bass, pike, muskalungeand the sturgeon, 
 which our great American poet immortalized 
 in his legend of Hiawatha, together with many 
 other varieties of lesser note. The whitefish 
 and herring are strictly lake species, never 
 venturing up the smaller streams or rivers. 
 
 Up to 1856 the appliances for fishing in this 
 locality were very crude, consisting of a sweep 
 or drag seine, often manufactured from elm 
 bark, and calculated to capture a limited 
 amount of fish for the immediate use of its 
 owner. In the fall of 1856 a few enterprising 
 men from Connecticut, Messrs. Chittenden, 
 Dibble, Kirtland and Chapman, hearing of the 
 abundance offish in our waters, determined to 
 try a new device known as a pound net, which 
 was at that time attracting much attention in 
 their State. They set two of those nets one 
 mile north of Monroe light. Their first sea- 
 son's fishing demonstrated the fact that our 
 waters teemed with thousands of white fish and 
 herring. In the spring of 1857 Messrs. Chit- 
 tenden & Co. moved their nets and boats to 
 Brest, where they found a good harbor at the 
 mouth of Stony Creek. Their spring catch was 
 not as profitable as that of the previous fall, 
 the fish taken consisting mostly of pickerel, 
 mullet, perch and sturgeon, the latter at that 
 time being considered fit only for Indians and 
 half-breeds. But times have changed. The 
 sturgeon has found favor with the white man. 
 and is much sought after, not only for its flesh, 
 but also for the roe of the female, from which 
 caviar is made. It is now estimated that over 
 $100,000 worth of caviar has been shipped to 
 Europe from Monroe within the last 12 years. 
 
 In the fall of 1857 Chittenden & Co. again set 
 their lu'ts. Their catcli of white fish during the 
 season was truly astonishing, oftimes reaching 
 from two thousand to four thousand fish at a 
 single haul. This wonderful success was soon 
 heralded along the shores of the Great Lakes, 
 and inquiry came from all quarters for informa- 
 tion as to the manner of constructing and 
 operating pound nets. The stories concerning 
 these wonderful catches of fish at Monroe and 
 vicinity' as they spread abroad became quite 
 fishy, and a few years later in Duluth, Minne- 
 sota, fishermen were telling about the great 
 hauls of fish at Monroe, often reaching thirty 
 or forty thousand at one lift. 
 
 Among others, Mr. John P. Chirk, a pioneer 
 fish dealer and fisherman of Detroit, heard of 
 the Monroe fisheries. Heat once opened nego- 
 tiations for the purpose of buj-ing out the Con- 
 necticut firm. The bargain was consummated 
 a year later. Mr. Clark sent men and boats to 
 Stony Point to carry on the business, and each 
 succeeding year up to 1887. In 1860 Mr. 
 Henry Paxton opened a small establishment at 
 Otter Creek. His success soon enabled him to 
 go into the business on an extensive scale. Mr. 
 .Tohn Little, a Monroe citizen, also embarked in 
 the business and commenced operations to the 
 northward of Monroe light, but unfortunately- 
 was drowned before accomplishing much 
 Excitement incident to large catches of fish 
 along the whole shore caused many to em- 
 bark in the business, comparatively few of 
 whom succeeded, success requiring experience 
 and skill, together with courage and great en- 
 durance. 
 
 In those early days there were no laws regu- 
 lating riparian rights in the lakes, and fre- 
 quently trouble arose among the different 
 firms or parties engaged therein in regard to 
 the possession and ownership of the fishing 
 grounds, in one instance, at least, culminating 
 in bloodshed. The parties to the affray were 
 
 [466] 
 
FISHERIES. 
 
 467 
 
 Messrs. Uodi^os and Kinney <>ii one side, and 
 one Snyder on the other. Tiie disputed terri- 
 tory' was Gard Island, situated in the northerly 
 arm of Maumoo Bay. Snyder was sliot and 
 killed by an employe of Messrs. Hedges and 
 Kinney. He was arrested, tried, ami acquitted 
 on a plea of self-defense. 
 
 As the fisheries hecame valuable, the home 
 fishermen were constantly having trouble and 
 disputes with fishermen from Ohio and other 
 parts of the country as to the ownership and 
 right of possession of the fishing grounds, and 
 in 18G9 the legislature enacted a statute giving 
 the riparian owner the exclusive right of driv- 
 ing pound stakes and fishing pound nets in 
 front of his property on the Great Lakes in 
 Michigan within one mile from low water 
 mark. This statute greatly enhanced the 
 value of property on the lake front, which 
 up to that time was of little value, as most of it 
 was swamp and marsh, but was quickly bought 
 up bj- fishermen for the fishing right a])purte- 
 nant thereto. 
 
 Hedges & Kinney continued in the business 
 until the death of Mr. Hedges. In settling his 
 estate Mr. Kinney, in 1881, sold to J. N. 
 Dewey & Co. what is known as the Point 
 Mouille Fishery, and in 1887 Mr. Kinney 
 closed out his interest in what is known as the 
 Bay Point Fi.shery to Alex. St. John. The 
 Messrs. Dewey Brothers, Joseph B. and Jesse 
 N. Dewey, commenced fishing for John P. 
 Clark at Stony Point in 18(50, and after ac- 
 quiring a valuable experience, in 1864 com- 
 menced business for themselves in a small way, 
 and by energy, economy and good business 
 management have extended their business 
 until at the present time they own or control 
 about all the lake front and fishing grounds in 
 Monroe county, and they and the parties inter- 
 ested with them represent one of the largest 
 fishing plants on the Great Lakes, 
 
 At the time they commenced on their own 
 account at Brest all our local fishermen sold 
 their catch to the dealers in Detroit and Tole- 
 do, and as a rule were entirelj^ in the hands of 
 these wholesalers and packers, who purchased 
 their catch almost at their own figures, packed 
 and distributed them through the interior, and 
 reapeil the lion's share of the profits. The 
 Dewey Brothers built a small freezer and pack- 
 ing house at Brest and shippt'd the local in- 
 land dealers direct from their fishery, and from 
 
 a small beginning have gradually extended 
 their business until at the present time they 
 have docks and packing houses at Toledo and 
 Port Huron, operate large fisheries on Lakes 
 Erie, Huron and Michigan, and also purchase 
 the catch of many fisheries on the lakes. They 
 supplj- the trade as far west as Denver, Colo- 
 rado ; do a large business in the southern and 
 eastern States, and have manufactured and 
 shipped to Europe thousands of pounds of 
 caviar. They have always been abreast if not 
 ahead of the times in the use of modern appli- 
 ances, and in their plant are included steamers 
 for carrying the catch to the packing house, 
 tugs, steam stake drivers for putting out nets, 
 and give em])loyment during the fishing sea- 
 son to about fiftj- fishermen in their local 
 fisheries. 
 
 The fisheries of Monroe county have been 
 more prolific and productive of a greater 
 amount of wealth according to the capital in- 
 vested than have any other fisheries of the 
 Great Lakes. While it is true that for a few 
 years the catch was quite light, and many en- 
 tertained grave fears lest the supply was giving 
 out, yet in the fiiU of 1888 one firm alone 
 caught over one hundred tons of whitefish 
 from their nets. All of the fisheries of the 
 county did well that season, the aggregate 
 catch amounting to over two hundred tons of 
 whitefish, and at least five hundred tons of 
 herring, together with catches of other species. 
 
 The white bass, once very abundant in the 
 Kaisin at certain sea.sons, became almost ex- 
 tinct about twenty years ago, owing to a 
 small worm or grub that seemed to breed in 
 its liver. In 1876 tiie black bass were attacked 
 by a parasite working in their gills, and thou- 
 sands were seen floating upon the surface of 
 the lake in a dead and dying condition. The 
 ravages of the parasite nearly depleted our 
 waters at that time of this our most, gamy fish. 
 Sturgeon also arc becoming very scarce. 
 Their great ])opulai-ity as a smoked fish, to- 
 gether with a brisk demand for the caviar, has 
 caused them to be much sought aftei'. Upon 
 those fishing grounds where thousands were 
 caught a few j-ears ago in a season, but a few 
 hundred are now taken. The United States 
 Fish Commission has deposited at various 
 times in the spring large numbers of young 
 whitefish, which, it is believed by fisher- 
 men, have in many instances matured, and 
 
468 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 upon their return in tiie ensuing seasons, have 
 been captured in tlic pound nets. 
 
 In the early days of the fishing industry, 
 when the westei-n States were but sparsely 
 settled and means of transportation limited, and 
 rapid transit of perishables unheard of, prices 
 were very low. Whitetish were often sold for 
 two dolhu-s per hundred fish, sturgeon at ten 
 cents apiece, and herring for ten cents a hun 
 dred fish, while other kinds of fish which now 
 find a ready sale could not be sold at all. 
 Rapid transit, reCrigerator cars and cold storage 
 have extended the market, and whitefish are 
 now served at the best hotels of every large city 
 in the country, and the extension of the market 
 has raised prices until instead of being the poor 
 man's food, as they were formerly considered, 
 whitefish and most other hard fish are a 
 luxury. At the present time wliitefish com- 
 mand twenty-five dollars a hundred, sturgeon 
 two dollars and fifty cents apiece, and herring 
 one dollar a hundred weight, while other 
 species command equally good prices. Indeed, 
 so great is the demand that dealers in many 
 instances find it difKcult to supi)ly the trade, 
 which has been extended toalmost everj- point 
 in the countiy having first-class railroad fa- 
 cilities. 
 
 River Raisin and the baj's and inlets in the 
 county have long been known to lovers of the 
 rod as a great fishing resort. The smaller of the 
 fish, such as perch, rock bass, bullheads, and sun- 
 fish, are caught at nearly all times from June 
 to November, and in great numbers. The 
 perch are considered by many as good eating 
 as any fish caught in these waters. The black 
 bass and pickerel are caught mostly in May 
 and October, and parties of three and four have 
 often hooked as many as an hundred in a day. 
 These are the gamiest fish in our waters, and 
 greater skill is required to land them than the 
 others. Fishing with seines in summer and 
 winter, it is thought by manj% destroys the 
 fishing with hook and line, and laws have been 
 
 enacted bj' the legislature restricting the use 
 of seines, but the law has never been properly 
 enforced. 
 
 Fishing for pickei'ei in winter through the 
 ice, is a sport much enjoyed. A house is built 
 on runners, about six feet in length and height, 
 by five in width, with a door just large enough 
 to enter at the side. There is room within for 
 a small sheet-iron stove at one end, and a seat 
 the width of the house at the other. A hole 
 about two and one-half feet square is cut in the 
 floor and one in the ice of the same size. Tlie 
 house is then drawn over it so that the hole in 
 the former is directly over the one in the latter. 
 The water selected is from four to eight feet 
 deep. All light is excluded from the house, 
 thus enabling the inmate to see everything 
 passing under his house, while he is invisible. 
 The spear used is a three or five tine, and the 
 handle from ten to twelve feet long, which goes 
 through the roof, allowing the fisherman to 
 easily handle its great length in his small 
 quarters. He uses a decoy fish, about five 
 inches long, colored a bright red, blue, or gold, 
 weighted with sufficient lead to pi'operly bal- 
 ance it. This is attached to a line five or six 
 feet in length, lowered in the water to the 
 proper depth, and the line in the hands of the 
 fisherman, jerked quickly, causes the decoy to 
 move in the water like a minnow. Its bright 
 color attracts the attention of passing fish, and 
 in following it up comes within range of the 
 spear, and while preparing to make a meal of 
 the decoj', the spear is lowered noiselessly and 
 plunged into him. It is considered by many 
 greater sj^ort than fishing with hook and line, 
 and fifty and sixty houses are often found on 
 the lake in a space of half a mile. In these 
 small houses, nicel}' warmed in the coldest 
 weather, and with plenty of good companj' 
 near, and nearlj' all other sport out of season, 
 it naturally has many devotees, and will long 
 continue to be the diversion for the winter 
 season. 
 
\ 
 
/0/^<^^^o^ (y^^^^t^ 
 
CHAPTER XXXTT. 
 
 BIOfiKAl'IlICAI. SKKTCIIES. 
 
 HON. SALMON KEI-:NI;Y 
 
 FIRST visited Monroe in 1827 with the view 
 of seeking a home in the West, and dur- 
 ing that j-ear purchased at the land office in 
 Monroe the eighty acres which he subsequently 
 cultivated in a high degree, and upon wliicli he 
 resided at the time of his death. Thi.s farm 
 was inlierited by his daughter Pamelia, wlio 
 married William H. Wells, the son of the Kev. 
 Noah H. Wells. The old homestead has given 
 place to the stately residence now owned and 
 occu])ied by them. The j'ear after entering 
 the land, Mr. Keeney emigrated from his east- . 
 ern home in the state of New York, with his 
 family to the town of Erie, taking passage on 
 a schooner from Buffalo. It was then custom- 
 ary for emigrants to provide provisions neces- 
 sary for the trip on the lake, as the captain and 
 c-rew made provision for themselves only. As 
 the schooner was delayed by contrary winds 
 and storms, when it arrived at Cleveland they 
 were all out of provisions, and reduced to a 
 hack of a ham, which was picked to the bone. 
 The stock of provisions for the re.st of tiie trip 
 was purchased at Cleveland, hut as the crew 
 was hauling the yawl lioat containing the sup. 
 plies purchased up the stern of the schooner, 
 the yawl boat upset, losing all in the lake. 
 The ca])taiD, wishing to avail himself of a 
 favorable wind, would not permit the passen- 
 gers to go ashore again, and thus, in a starving 
 condition, thej' arrived at LaPlaisance Bay. 
 The judge rowed a boat from the bay to Mon- 
 roe, and returned with provisions for his almost 
 famished family. Was the guest of Olcott C. 
 (Miapman, who kept tlio Man sion House, on the 
 site of the present banking office of B. Dansard 
 & Son. From thence he moved with his family 
 into the old Catholic log church, with a bark 
 roof. For the first year he taught an evening 
 school, and for two succeeding years a daj- 
 school. lie is justly entitled to and regarded 
 as the founder of the tirst English school in the 
 
 town of iM-ie. He was commissioned by Gen- 
 eral Cass, October 22, 1829, Justice of the 
 Peace. Was, under the county court system, 
 one of the associate judges. Was for many 
 years postmaster of the township. He died 
 at his residence in Erie, March 9, 1847, uni- 
 versally respected and esteemed as an upright, 
 intelligent citizen, a judicious and wise coun- 
 selor, leaving a widow and two sons, Andrew 
 .1. and William, and two daughters, Mrs. Wil- 
 liam Wells and Mrs. Williard. 
 
 .\NrtRK\V .lACKSON KEENKY 
 
 Was born in Wyalonsory. JJradford county, 
 Pennsylvania, February 2G, 1819; enjoyed the 
 advantages of a good common school eiluca- 
 tion ; thereafter attended the Genesee Wes- 
 levan Seminar3-, at Jjenia, New York. With 
 his father's family removed to Michigan, land- 
 ing at LaPlaisance Bay September 22, 1828. 
 Came up the lake in a schooner, and from 
 LaPlaisance Bay up the River Raisin to the 
 docks by a lighter, as the schooner could not 
 sail up the river at that time. Put up at 
 Chapman's Hotel, located on the corner of 
 Froni and Washington streets. The village 
 consisted of but a few hundred inhabitants. In 
 October of the same year the family removed 
 to Frie, where the subject of this sketch has 
 since resided. He assisted in clearing up the 
 farm of heavy timbered land, on which he still 
 lives, reclaiming it from a wilderness to a 
 pi'oductive farm and pleasant home. His life 
 has been devoted to farming, stock-raising, and 
 a jjortion of the time large!}' interested in the 
 lake fisheries, which ceased to be profitable 
 owing to the improvident, unwise, and some- 
 what listless manner of conducting the artiti- 
 cial hatching and depositing young fish by the 
 State Board of Fish Commissioners. 
 
 While a nunil)er of French families had at an 
 
 [409] 
 
470 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 early day settled at Erie, that of James Cornell 
 was the first Amei'ican family, aud he for years 
 kept a tavern eight miles south of Monroe, on 
 the road leading to Toledo B. M. Newkirk 
 kept a log tavern where the village of Erie 
 now stands, and was its first postmaster. The 
 third English familj- was that of Salmon 
 Keency, the father of Andrew J. Keeney. He 
 was the second jiostmaster of Bay settlement, 
 and had the name of the jDostoffice as well as 
 the village changed to that of Erie. The fami- 
 lies of James and Samuel Mulhollen settled in 
 Erie about the same, time, but the families of 
 Francis Cousino, Peter Picott, Daniel Duval, 
 and other French settlers, settled in Ei'ie soon 
 after the war of 1812. 
 
 The United States turnpike from Sandusky 
 to Detroit was completed in the fall of 1828, 
 then the only traveled road from Michigan to 
 Ohio. The early settlers of Erie were strong, 
 large-hearted men, hospitable, ever lending a 
 helping hand to the " new-comers," as the new 
 settlers were familiarly called, extending a 
 cordial welcome to their homes and firesides, 
 " their latch-strings always hung out.'' Most 
 of the trade consisted in bartering dry goods, 
 groceries, provisions, and whisky for deer and 
 wolf skins, and venison hams, coon and musk- 
 rat skins. The schools were maintained by 
 private enterprise as there was no organized 
 system south of Monroe, and the one organized 
 church, the Roman Catholic, had as yet no 
 regular service or settled priest. Mr. Keeney 
 heard the first sermon in English preached by 
 Father Eichard, a Catholic priest, and the 
 first Methodist sermon by Rev. William Garst. 
 
 Mr. Keeney is a member of Masonic Lodge 
 of Monroe, No. 27. Was a member of the 
 State Legislature in 1863-'64. Has held nearly 
 all of the town otfices from pathmaster to and 
 including supervisor; was notary- public for 
 thirty years continuously; is now President 
 of the Farmer.s' Insurance Company, of Mon- 
 roe and Wayne counties, which office he has 
 held for the past nineteen years ; President of 
 the Erie Vigilance Club, and of the BayPointe 
 Shooting Club. He was major of an inde- 
 pendent regiment of light infantry under 
 Colonel Allen A. Eabineau, Talcott E. Wing 
 lieutenant colonel, Peter Loranger adjutant, 
 from which he derived the name of major, by 
 which title he is usuallj' called. 
 
 Major Keeney has witnessed the growth of 
 
 the City of Monroe from a small, untidy vil- 
 lage, with none but log houses south of it, with 
 but a few hundred inhabitants, to its present 
 projiortions and pleasant surroundings. He 
 has seen the county emerge from a wilderness 
 to a well-settled, well-improved county, with 
 intelligent, prosperous people, with churches, 
 school-houses and all the evidences of thrift, 
 culture and refinement. Instead of the large 
 droves of cattle and hogs imported from Ohio, 
 upon which we were dependent for pork and 
 beef at an early day, we are now exporters. 
 The long-eared and long-nosed hogs have given 
 place to the Berkshires and SufTolks. Cattle 
 have been greatly improved by the introduc- 
 tion of blooded stock. The little, hardy, 
 French ponies have given place to the large 
 and powerful horses aud elegant roadsters that 
 would be a credit to any county. 
 
 When his father first settled in Erie there 
 was but one four-wheeled vehicle in the place. 
 Carts only were used, many of them without 
 tii'es or iron of any kind. Grain was all cut 
 with the sickle. His father made the first 
 grain cradle seen in Erie, with a shaving- 
 knife, jack-knife, and gimlet. It was a won- 
 derful curiosity in those ijrimitive days, illy 
 comparing with the self-binders of the present. 
 Oxen were yoked by their horns. Most of the 
 plows were of the old bull plow pattern, every 
 house a log house, from the River Raisin to 
 the fvapids of the Maumee — a log house cov- 
 ered with bark, with chimneys built of sticks 
 and clay. Ho has in early days played with 
 Indian children, wore shoe packs, eaten wild 
 hog pork, waded the creeks barefooted in 
 March with the French boys and Indians, 
 spearinggrasspike with wooden spears, caught 
 crawfish and eaten them with a relish unknown 
 to the modern epicure. 
 
 Major Keeney was married at Middlebury, 
 Wyoming county. New York, to Miss Eliza- 
 beth Corey, September 30, 1841. They have 
 five children. Ellen Keeney was married 
 January 24, 1870, to Amos A. Morse, general 
 freight agent of the Oregon Railway and Navi- 
 gation Company, residing at Portland, Oregon. 
 Cora Keeney was married to Newton Stanford 
 October 10, 1876, a commission merchant of 
 Fargo, Dakota. Mary Keeney was married to 
 David K. Perry, freight and baggage agent of 
 the Chicago k Iowa and Chicago & Milwaukee 
 Raili'oad Company, November 24, 1884. Jay 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 471 
 
 W. Kooncy married Flora C. Saunders, January 
 20, 1878. Gordon J. Kceney inari-ied Lotty E. 
 Nii'hols, April 21,1880. Both reside in Erie, 
 with fine farms — the former a farmer and 
 ilcalor and s;;ro\ver of live stock, the latter a 
 furnierand dealer in lands and real estate. 
 
 NEWTON BALDWIN, M. n., 
 
 Oidfst oisix ciiiidreii of E. and C. A.Baldwin, 
 was iioni in Monroe, 1850. His father, forced 
 by poor health, moved on to a farm in Exe- 
 ter, where the family continued to reside ex- 
 cept at intervals, when driven out l)y the ague, 
 until January, 1866, when the family returned 
 to Monroe. Up to that age he had had about 
 two terms at a countrj- school. He entered the 
 union school and graduated in 1869; entered 
 the literary department of the University the 
 following j-ear. Spending one year in the 
 literary departmeiil, he entered Dr. Sawyer's 
 ofKce as a student of medicine in 1872. He 
 continued there until medical lectures opened 
 in the fall of 1873. He entered the old school 
 medical di'partment of the University of Michi- 
 gan, graduating in 1875; studying with Dr. 
 Sawyer during the intervals of lectures, paj'ing 
 his way hy collecting for Dr. Sawyer, and 
 working in the nurseries. 
 
 He entered into partnership with Dr. Saw- 
 yer in the summer of 1875. After one year he 
 went to Dundee, where he staid until 1878. 
 There he married Miss Cora V. Long in 1878. 
 l''rom there he removed to Staunton, Va., re- 
 inaining until 1881, spending the j-ear 1881-82 
 in New York and Philadelphia hospitals. 
 
 He returned west and was appointed lec- 
 turer on obstetrics and diseases of women and 
 children in the homcepathic department of the 
 I'niversity of Michigan, in the fall of 1882. 
 There he remained until the fall of 1885, when 
 the re-organization of the faculty forced the re- 
 tirement of all but one member because of in- 
 ternal broils. He then removed to Coldwater, 
 Michigan, where his intention is to make a life's 
 work, lie held in each place a remunerative 
 business. He has two children, one son and 
 one daughter, aged six and eight. 
 
 Doctor Newton Baldwin has but very- few, 
 if any, superiors as a diagnostician and practi- 
 liiiner, amou'C the medical men of Michigan. 
 
 HON. SAMUEL MULHOLLEN 
 
 Was born in Monroe county, Michigan, F'cbru- 
 ar}- 10, 1811. At the time of his birth his 
 jiarcnts were living upon the farm of Samuel 
 Egnew, his uncle, which was located upon the 
 liiver Kaisin. This farm was known in later 
 years as the Harbston farm. The town of 
 Monroe at present includes this property. 
 
 Mr. Mulhollen is the descendant of a sturdy 
 Irish ancestry, both on the paternal and ma- 
 ternal sides. His father was a hard-working 
 farmer, who knew little of the luxuries of life, 
 and when pleasures were few except those de- 
 rived from seeing his family grow into useful 
 men and women. His early education, out of 
 necessity, was limited. School houses were 
 few and the sessions short, lasting but three 
 and four months during the winter, when snow 
 and ice precluded a visit to the school for 
 weeks at a time. In this new country where 
 trees were to be felled, fences built and new 
 ground to be broken, there were no hours of 
 play for young Mulhollen ; his toys were the 
 plow, spade and hoe, his evening hours were 
 illuminated by a log fire or a fat lamp. Work 
 being his principal educatoi-, Samuel soon 
 learned the necessity of economy and self i-e- 
 liance. 
 
 At the age of seventeen j-ears he conceived 
 tiie idea of entering into the hotel business in 
 connection with farming, he and his eldest 
 sister, Mrs. Mary Stowell, associating them- 
 selves togetlier for that purpose. This being 
 practically his first business enterprise, he telt 
 somewhat anxious as to the result of his scheme, 
 hut nevertheless he rented his father's farm in 
 the town of Erie, which at that time was a very 
 small French settlement, including hut four 
 Amei'ican families, and situated on the old 
 United States turnpike, the terminus of which 
 was Detroit. Those traveling to and from 
 Detroit and towns in Northern Ohio, including 
 Fremont and Maumee, often found it necessary 
 to patronize our young friend in his new enter- 
 prise, so that in a short time his inn became 
 popular and himself well known. This being 
 the principal hostelry of that section, there 
 gathered, as was customary, the unsophisticated 
 Wolverine for the purjjose of discussing the 
 issues of the day. Then, as now, politics had 
 its place in their discussions. Some were 
 Democrats, sume Free-Soilers, and others 
 
472 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Whigs. Here it was that Samuel received his 
 first political tuition, and where we find the 
 first seeds sown that in after years gave to the 
 people of Michigan that strong advocate of 
 political liberty and equal rights. The people 
 of Erie soon learned to regard him for his per- 
 sonal worth and force of character, and while 
 little more than a youth, elected him to the po- 
 sition of assessor, which he filled so satisfacto- 
 rily that he was selected as a commissioner of 
 Erie a few years later. Upon the advent of 
 the steamers on the lake, the traffic upon the 
 public roads became so limited that Mr. Mul- 
 hollon decided to once more return to farming, 
 which he did in 1840. 
 
 During the last year previous to his retire- 
 ment from the hotel, he married Miss Frances 
 Gager, the marriage taking place at the home 
 of David Graham, in the town of Erie, on the 
 16th day of January, 1839. He now felt him- 
 self devoted to his family and farm to such an 
 extent that he had little desire to comply with 
 the requests of those who desired his political 
 preferment, until 184!1, when the necessities of 
 the times and his well-known antipath}- for 
 the extension of the slave territory, forced his 
 nomination as a candidate to the State legisla- 
 ture from Vienna by the Whig party ; a subse- 
 quent endorsement of tiie Free-Soil wing of 
 the Democratic fiarty secured his election. Mr. 
 Mulhollen, though a new member, took an ac- 
 tive part in the proceedings from the first upon 
 all leading legislation. The State being com- 
 paratively a new one, and. sparsely settled, the 
 sessions were quite short, lasting but ninety 
 days. 
 
 He was again elected to the sessions of 1857, 
 1858, 1859, as a Republican. During the ses- 
 sion of 1857 the swamp land act j^resented the 
 most exciting feature. In this Mr. Mulhollen 
 took a most con.spicuous part as an advocate of 
 the equal distribution of the proceeds arising 
 from the sale of said lands for educational pur- 
 poses and the maintenance of roads atid high- 
 ways in the State. 
 
 At the breakingout of the war Mr. Mulhollen 
 was elected to the State senate from Monroe for 
 the sessions of 1861 and 1862. During the ex- 
 tra session of 1861, both the house and senate 
 passed important measures for the recruiting 
 of volunteers for the defense of the Union and 
 the sustenance of the wives, children, and 
 parents of those who enlisted. In all of these 
 
 measures Mr. Mulhollen took an active inter- 
 est, and much of the work accomplished was the 
 result of his hand. His labor for the cause of hu- 
 man liberty and the preservation of the Union 
 did not end with the adjournment of the senate, 
 as all who know him can attest. The Presi- 
 dent's call for troops stimulated him with new | 
 zeal, and lead him on to greater efforts. Time ' 
 and money were given freely, the liberality of 
 his hand knew no bound until the message 
 came that Lee had surrendered. Then was his 
 cup of pleasure full. He has been an ardent 
 Republican since the formation of that party, 
 ever ready to uphold its virtues and condemn ' 
 its faults. 
 
 In his early life he became a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church, assisting in the erection 
 of the first one built in Erie in 1850, where, up 
 to within a short time he has held the position 
 of trustee. 
 
 Mr. Mulhollen was the eighth and at present 
 the only living child of Daniel and Isabella 
 (Egnew) Mulhollen, who were married at 
 Painted Post, Steuben county, New York, in | 
 the year 1794, having emigrated from Belfast 
 and Antrim, Ireland, at an early age. The 
 wife of Samuel died at Eric. February 8, 1883, 
 and was buried at Woodlawn cemetery, Toledo, 
 Ohio. At present Mr. Mulhollen is living at 
 Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 This is a brief sketch of a quiet farmer, cov- 
 ering a jjeriod of seventy-seven years. In this 
 life we find, as in all others, the conflict of 
 hope, and fear, of joy and sorrow. While his 
 life has been unmarked by great events, it has 
 always been attended with devotion to duty. 
 As a citizen he occupies a high position. 
 
 WILLIAM TANDY \VHITE, 
 
 Son of Enoch and Betsy (Tandj-) White, was 
 born at Newport, New Hampshire, March 26, 
 1807. On his fathers side he was the grandson 
 of Enoch and Lydia (Sprague) White, and on 
 his mother's of Parker and Mary (Thorn) 
 Tandy, and a lineal descendant from Peregrine 
 White, who was born on the Mayflower in 
 1620. He came to Monroe in 1831, and opened 
 a variety store in which could be found nearly 
 everything wanted by the early pioneer. In 
 1835 he removed to the N. W. J of section 7, 
 township 5 south, range 10 east, and founded 
 
^>v<2a4wC" 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 473 
 
 the villat^e of Newport, naming it after hi-; na- 
 tive place. Here he opened a general store, 
 built and operated a saw-mill, managed a nur- 
 sery and greenhouses, and for many j'oars kept 
 open house under the sign of "Stage and 
 Steamboat House." During the " Patriot War " 
 this was the general rendezvous of the " Hunt- 
 ers," and the Maiden raid was planned at and 
 started from his place. For about thirt}' j'ears 
 he was postmaster at this point, and for most 
 of that time served as justice of the peace. 
 
 Februarj- IG, 1837, he was married in Mon- 
 roe to Miss Nancy S., daughter of Stephen and 
 Eunice (Hilton) Reynolds, who was born at 
 Bavina, New York, J)ecember 20, 1816. Their 
 children were twelve in number, of whom five 
 are yet living: Hlizaiieth Mary, born Decem- 
 ber 19, 1837, and married June 25, 1857, to J. 
 . S. Gregorj', jr., one of the first settlers of and 
 now living in Lincoln, Nebraska, engaged in 
 the practice of law and the settlement of es- 
 tates ; Asenath H., born March 31. 184!. mar- 
 ried to W. J. Manning, February 12, 1SG2, and 
 died June 9, 18G8; V. Nathan, born March 11, 
 1845, and now living on the old homestead in 
 Newport; Milton Morrow, born October 19, 
 1849, and now living at Lincoln, Nebraska, en- 
 gaged in the adjustment ot accounts ; Eva 
 Viola, born November 29. 18fi2, and now living 
 at home, and Nancy May, born May 3. 1858, 
 and married September 23, 1885, to the Rev. 
 All)ert Torbett, a (Congregational minister, now 
 living at Lake Linden. Michigan. 
 
 During the panic of 1837. like man}- others, 
 Mr. White lost everything except his good 
 name and reputation as an honest dealer. He 
 again began the struggle of life with the de- 
 termined push, vim, and energy he had inher- 
 ited from his Puritan foi'efathers, and with his 
 good wife as a partner and counselor, without 
 engaging in any speculation, but by a strict at- 
 tention to his business, he accumulated another 
 fortune, which at the time of his death 
 amounted to over one hundred thousand dol- 
 lars, an uncommon estate in those days in 
 Michigan. Shortlj- before his death he became 
 a stockholder in the First National Bank of 
 Monroe. 
 
 In politics Mr. White never took any active 
 part, generally- voting the Democratic ticket, 
 and in local elections always voting for the 
 candidate who in his estimation was the best 
 qualified to fill the office, withoul regard to the 
 
 party b}' whom he was nominate*!. With the 
 exception of collector of customs, postmaster, 
 and justice of the peace, he refused all offices. 
 
 While he was the direct descendant of pure 
 I'ui-ilan stock, he was a member of the Baptist 
 church, and always lived a godlj-, upright, and 
 Christian life. In his Christian charities he 
 carried out the biblical injunction of not letting 
 his right hand know what his left hand did, 
 and after his death among his papers were 
 found memorandums and notes of nearly 
 twent}' thousand dollars' worth of accounts due 
 him and which he had canceled, as thej', in his 
 o])inion, were too poor to pay the amounts 
 owed to him. 
 
 When but eleven yeai's old, thinking par- 
 tiality was shown his brother by his parents, 
 he left home with the intention of going to 
 sea; but the captain, who had known him all 
 his life, instead of taking him to sea, sent him 
 to his wife, with whom he lived for several 
 years, and of wiiom he learned many secrets 
 in pickling and preserving fruits, etc., which 
 stood him well in after years. 
 
 Losing everj'thing in the panic of 1837, the 
 '• Patriot war " gave him a new start, and be- 
 ing widely and favorabU- known as a business 
 man of more than usual ability, he soon began 
 to retrieve his fortunes. In his habits, while 
 odd, his oddities were methodical, and to a pur- 
 pose to identify himself with his business and 
 make both himself and his business known by 
 them. In his family relations there was always 
 the utmost confidence and harmonj*. Every 
 night with his wife around the famil}^ circle 
 looking over and advising with her in regard 
 to what he had done during the day, and what 
 he intended to do the next. In his business 
 matters everything was kept in the utmost or- 
 der, on the principle that •' Order is Heaven's 
 first law,'' and at the end of the yeai-, by look- 
 ing over his books one could almost read his 
 innermost tiioughts and wishes by the nota- 
 tions which he was in the habit of putting on 
 his accounts. 
 
 His last illness was of onlj- a week's duration, 
 and resulted from becoming overheated in hur- 
 rying to catch the train from Monroe (where he 
 was preparing a home for his old age) to go to 
 Newport, the result of which was congestion, 
 fr<im which he died at his home in Newport, 
 November 22, 1866. leaving a wife and six 
 children to mourn his loss. 
 
474 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 AUSTIN BOSTWICK CHAPMAN. 
 
 One of the most enterprisini;; and independ- 
 ent farmers in the county, with large tai'ms 
 under a hig-h state of cultivation, unincumbered 
 by mortgages, and a man who has largely con- 
 tributed in laying the foundations for moral, 
 religious and educational interests of Ash and 
 Berlin, resides now on the Chapman road, the 
 main traveled road from Monroe via Newport 
 to Flat Eock. He has a fine two-story house, 
 with mansard roof and manj' of the modern 
 improvements, with barns and outbuildings — a 
 farm of which any farmer might greatly be 
 proud. In 1839, when but eighteen years of 
 age, he moved to Ash (now Berlin) with a 
 mother, brother and two sisters dependent on 
 him, built a log house in 1840, and by perse- 
 verance and hard work cleared up his farm. 
 In the winter of 1843, with his brother, he pur- 
 chased eleven head of cattle, cows and three- 
 year old steers, for thirty dollars. The winter 
 was exceedingly cold and severe ; feed could 
 not be purchased in that vicinity, and they 
 were com])elled to chop down basswood trees 
 as a last resort. This winter the French citi- 
 zens occupying the farms farther east and near 
 the lake, drew straw on the ice from Canada 
 as late as the first of April. The hay on the 
 island, " Gro.sse Isle," was held at twenty dol- 
 lars per ton, and the owners, by refusing to sell 
 at tiiat time, found it a very poor investment 
 as it was entirel}- destroyed by rats and mice. 
 
 Mr. Chapman married Catliarine Burton, 
 July 4, 1S47, and by their united efforts, en- 
 ergy, prudence and economy, added to their 
 jjossessions until they owned 520 acres 
 in one body. At a time when a small sum was 
 realized for produce, he remembers purchasing 
 of William White, the merchant, of Newport, 
 a plain calico dress for his sister at twenty- 
 eight cents a yard (now sold for five), and re- 
 ceiving for his lard six cents per ])Ound and five 
 cents a dozen for eggs ; but Mr. Chapman states 
 that six or eight yards were in those days 
 ample for a dress. His wife had the same de- 
 sires that characterize mothers of the present 
 day; but instead of an upholstered, lace-cur- 
 tained, willow baby wagon of the present daj^, 
 costing from $30 to $50, sl.e sawed from logs 
 the wheels, pierced with a wooden axle, made a 
 rough box, and it pi'oved apparently as satis- 
 factory as those of greater pretensions of mod- 
 ern manufacture. 
 
 He employed tiie first school teacher for 
 three months, Sarah Crook, boanling her at 
 one dollar per week ; then was instrumental in 
 forming the first school district and building 
 the first school house. 
 
 When the Michigan Southern Railroad was 
 built through Ash b}' Ransom Gardner, of 
 Jonesville, contractor, the bills of Mr. Chap- 
 man for boarding the laborers were promptly 
 paid, amounting to $1,999.88. 
 
 A prosperous Sunday school was organized 
 and for two years maintained with the assist- 
 ance of Mrs. T. E. Wing and Samuel M. Sackett, 
 who attended eacli every alternate Sunday 
 from Monroe. To the good seed sown at this 
 time, Mr. Chapman attributes the organization 
 of the Congregational church at Rockwood. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Chapman have been bereaved 
 of two sons and two daughters. Have two 
 sons living: Austin B. Chapman, residing 
 on the farm adjoining the old homestead on 
 the north, married and has two sons and two 
 daughters; H. H. Chapman, the sixth child, 
 resides on the farm next south of the old home- 
 stead, married, and has four children, three 
 sons and one daughter. 
 
 Bostwick Chapman is 3et hale and hearty, 
 living on the old farm, surrounded with all the 
 comforts of life, very energetic and enterpris- 
 ing, and identified with every enterprise that 
 has for its object the improvement and good of 
 the town in which he lives. He is entitled to 
 great credit for his contributions and energy 
 in erecting the Congregational church, one of 
 the most convenient brick churches, complete 
 in all its apjjointments, situated on the north 
 side of the river. 
 
 JOSIAH C. ASELSTYNE 
 
 Was born April 24, 1802, at Swanton, Ver- 
 mont. His parents were Henry and Clarinda 
 (Cheeney) ^Vselstyne. His father was a farmer, 
 and while clearing land to build a house was 
 killed by a falling tree. Mr. Aselstyne came to 
 Monroe county in the fall of 1833, and the same 
 year aided in building the Stickney saw-mill, 
 the first one built in Toledo, Ohio. In 1834 he 
 commenced to clear his farm ; his patent bears 
 the signature of General Jackson. The farm 
 consisted of 100 acres. In June, 1834, he re- 
 turned to his native village and there he mar- 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 475 
 
 ried Miss H. E. Blodget, Seploml.er 25, 1834. 
 Miss Bloilgot was tiic daugiitor of Ilonry and 
 Zornah (Harrington) Blodget, and was born 
 Septombor H!, 1812, in George, Vermont. 
 Soon after their marriage they moved to the 
 farm wiicre they now reside, living at tliat 
 time in a log house in the woods, with the In- 
 dians as their only neighbors. Six children 
 Wfi'e born to them, one of whom, Byron J., 
 born December 2, 1842, died October 9, 18(5:^. 
 He was a member of Company G, Thirty- 
 tliird New York State Volunteers. He died in 
 a hospital at Bakcrsvillc, Marj-land. 
 
 Horace Aselstyne was b(»rn February 17, 
 1851. Married Elizabeth M. Clark May 18, 
 1873. Seven children wore born to them : 
 Byron J., Maude E. and MaryE. (twins), Blanche 
 L., Harr^' E., Frank L., and Klvina, the last 
 named dying in infancy. 
 
 ilr. Josiah Aselstyue died May 15, 1853. 
 Mrs. Aselstyne married for her second husband 
 a Mr. Southworth, who died December 31, 
 1885. Mrs. Southworth can relate many inter- 
 esting stories of her early life in Monroe coun- 
 ty. Her early friends were deer, wolves, etc. 
 She resides on the farm where she has always 
 lived. She has resided in one Territory, one 
 State, one county and tlu'ee towns: French- 
 town, Ash, and Berlin. She has been a mem- 
 ber of the M. E. church for thirty-six years. 
 Mrs. Southworth has returned to visit her 
 friends but once since she went to reside on iier 
 farm. 
 
 ISAAC ASP:L8TYNE. 
 
 One of the first settlers in the town of Ash, 
 was born in Swanton, Vermont, March 7, 1807, 
 and at the age of twenty-seven purchased of 
 the Government of the United States 121) acres 
 of land, which he improved and resided upon 
 up to the time of his death, January 24, 1885, 
 aged seventy-eight years. Helped chop and 
 clear the old State road from Monroe to Flat 
 Bock. Was a minister of the gospel in the 
 Wesleyan Methodist denomination, and minis- 
 tered to the people in the northern part of the 
 county from the time ho entered his land to 
 the time of his death. Was the first supervisor 
 of the town of Ash ; enjoyed the confidence of 
 the people, and a number of times was elected 
 and held offices of trust in the town. When 
 he first located in Monroe county, Josiah Col- 
 
 burn was his nearest neighbor; soon after 
 Isaac Donaldson and A. C. Thaj-er purchased 
 land adjoining iiis farm, ai>out eight miles from 
 Monroe, three miles north of (he settlement of 
 Stonj- Creek. 
 
 He was married four times; the daughter by 
 the first marriage, Mary E. Skinner, resides at 
 Swanton, Vermont. His second wife he mar- 
 ried in ^Michigan, but she lived but one year 
 after their marriage. Married for his third 
 wife Susan Burgess, of Asli, by whom he had 
 three children, two sons and one daughter : 
 J)ai'ius Aselstyne, born in 1846: resides two 
 miles from Carlton; fought during the last 
 war, to use his own language, "through eight 
 different States of the Union ;" returned to his 
 birthplace, married and settled down for lil'e, 
 conscious of having proved his devotion to his 
 country, hazarded his life in many hard-fougiit 
 battles for the preservation of the Union. 
 Susan Aselstyne was born in 1848 ; married Mr. 
 Rickabough ; resides at Maiden, Iowa ; Abram 
 C. Aselstyne was born in 1850; marrietl and 
 settled in Northern Michiican. 
 
 JOHN B. SANCRAINT 
 
 W^as a native of Quebec, and accomjianied iiis 
 father, Flazet, in the year 1765, on a mission- 
 ary tour to the Indians in the Northwest. 
 They spent some time establishing missions at 
 Black Rock, Fort Meigs, Maumee, Rockwood, 
 Gibralter, and present site of Toledo, having 
 for their guide an Indian chief — consuming in 
 all eighteen months. Mr. Sancraint returned to 
 (Quebec, and from that time was engaged as a 
 trader with the Indians, making his annual 
 trips from Quebec to Detroit, his headquarters, 
 lie then made the acquaintance of and married 
 Miss Margaret Soleau in the year 1785. Con- 
 tinued an Indian trader until 1805, at wliicli 
 time he was commissioned by the Government 
 of the United States post trader, with head- 
 quarters at Detroit. Through his influence 
 many of the early French settlers were res- 
 cued from the barbarity of the Indians. In 
 1801 be accompanied Father Eichard on his 
 missionary tour to the Indians and half-breeds 
 at Lake Huron and Lake Superior. He re- 
 ceived a commission from the United States 
 Government and assisted in removing the In- 
 dians west of the ilississippi, when be died in 
 
476 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 1838. Five of his sons enlisted in tlie United 
 States army in the "War of 1812, and thirty 
 sons and grandsons as soldiers in the United 
 States arm}' in the year 1861. 
 
 THOMAS SMITH EDWARDS 
 
 Was born in Conneaut, Ashtabula county, 
 Ohio, April 12, 1824, and is the tiiird son of 
 Obed and Marcia (Wright) P]dward8. His is a 
 splendid example of a well-spent life, and at the 
 age of sixty- five looks younger than most men 
 fifty. His grandfiither was of Scotch and Eng- 
 lish extraction, and served through the Revo- 
 lutionary War with a conipanj' of colonial 
 soldiers raised in Elizabethtown, New Jersey. 
 After the war his son Obed, who was born in 
 Elizabethtown, New Jersey, March 2, 1783, 
 was bound out for a term of six years to learn 
 the mysteries of carriage-making, alter which 
 he moved to Connecticut, where he pursued his 
 trade until 1809, when he moved to Ashtabula 
 county, Ohio, and was one of the first pioneers 
 of the Western Reserve. He served in the War 
 of 1812, after which he turned his attention to 
 clearing up a farm, his trade being of small 
 account in such a new country. After several 
 years he built and operated a saw-mill on 
 Ashtabula Creek. He died November 5, 1849. 
 His wife, Marie Wright Edwards, was born in 
 Wilbraham, Massachusetts, May 19, 1791, and 
 died at Chicago, Illinois, October 20, 18G8. 
 
 In the saw mill on Ashtabula Creek, the 
 subject of our sketch worked during his minor- 
 ity. In 1849 he moved with his bi'otherin- 
 law on a dairy farm in Dorset, Ohio, where he 
 remained until 1860, when he went into the oil 
 business on Oil Creek, Pennsylvania. Here 
 he met with fair success, having an interest in 
 the third flowing well in the State ; but at that 
 time the opportunities for getting oil to market 
 and storage being worth more than the oil, 
 made the dividends rather small. In 1863 he 
 moved back to Ashtabula county, Ohio, where 
 he farmed and dealt in lumber until the spring 
 of 1874, when he came to Carlton, Monroe 
 county, Michigan, and in company with 
 Messrs. Adams t*t Blinn, started a mill for the 
 manufacture of staves and heading. After- 
 wards Mr. Edwards bought the Blinn interest, 
 establishing the firm of Edwards & Adams. In 
 the j'ear 1887 the mill was destroyed by fire. 
 
 At Andover, Ashtabula county, Ohio, Pebru- 
 ary 19, 18G1, he was married to Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Salmon and Mary (Cad well) Case, whose 
 children are: Frank Luzerne, born April 17, 
 1864; Fred. Wright, born October 6, 1866; 
 and Charles Loomis, born July 2, 1868. When 
 Mr. Edwards first moved to Michigan, it was 
 necessary to locate his fiimily at Deerfield 
 while their new home was being erected at 
 Carlton. He had just completed the same 
 and furnished it ready for occupancy when 
 Mrs. Edwards was taken sick and died at Deer- 
 field, October 6, 1874. The loss of a wife and 
 mother fell heavily on the bereaved family, 
 occurring as it did just as they were about to 
 have a comfortable home, and the -sister of 
 Mr. Edwards, Martha J., took a mother's place 
 to the boys, and as housekeeper for Mr. Ed- 
 wards, brought them u]i with more than a 
 mother's care. 
 
 In 1885 Edwards & Adams erected a two- 
 storj^ brick block, 66x80, on Monroe street, di- 
 vided into three general departments, and well 
 filled with all kinds of general merchandise, 
 including clothing, hardware, stoves, farming 
 tools and agricultural implements. The firm 
 is doing a very large business, and is con- 
 ducted by Mr. Edwards and his three sons. 
 They also manufacture pressed brick and tile, 
 which find a ready sale, and are extensively 
 interested in farming and raising fine Percheron 
 horses. 
 
 Mr. Eduards has never connected himself 
 with any religious denomination, but has 
 alwa}S, in both social and business transac- 
 tions, made it his aim to live up to the golden 
 rule, and by honesty of purpose and square- 
 ness of dealing, has built up a large and pros- 
 perous liusiness in a small town. He has never 
 taken any active part in politics, but being 
 l)rought up on the Western Reserve of North- 
 ern Ohio, the home of Joshua R. Giddings and 
 Benjamin P. Wade, he early imbibed an ardent 
 love (or the principles advocated by Garrison 
 and other anti-slavery reformers, and has been a 
 sti-ong Republican ever since the organization 
 of that party. 
 
 HON. DANIEL GOODWIN 
 
 Was one of the early emigrants to the Territory 
 of Michigan, where he successfully practiced 
 law. Was for many years the United States 
 
4>^WF 
 
 W^ 
 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 47' 
 
 T)istrK'l Attorney lor Miuhiuaii. Was substv 
 <iucntiy appointed judge of the cirfuit court, 
 and for years jiresided as judge of cii-euit 
 court of Jfonroe county, lie served repeatedly 
 in our State leij;islature. Was president of the 
 constitutional convention of 1850. Appeared 
 for the people in the great ti-ial of 1S5I, known 
 as the •■ Railroad Conspiracy Case." Was sub- 
 sei|uenllj- judge of the circuit court for the 
 Northern Peninsula of Michigan. 
 
 (iEN'ERAL LEVI S. Hl'Ml'HREY 
 
 W;is lioi'n in Vermont, and one of early emi- 
 grants of Michigan after it became an organized 
 Territory. He was for many years a pi-onii- 
 ncnt proprietor of tlic stage coaches on the 
 south shore of Ijake Erie ; probably did more 
 than any man of his da}- to improve the breed 
 of horses in the Northwest. For many years 
 he was prominent in Southern Michigan as a 
 politician. Was many years engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits with Hon. Daniel S. Bacon, 
 and was publicly known as 
 
 Talleyrand the great and jiraiid, 
 
 Talleyrand the Dickerer. 
 lie was a member of the State legislature, 
 one of the commissioners to locate the Southern 
 and Central Railroads of Michigan; was con- 
 nected with the government as register of the 
 land office at Monroe, and as United States 
 marshal for the district of Michigan. Was 
 afterwards a contractoi' on the Great Western 
 and Grand Trunk Railroads in Canada. Sub- 
 sequently returned to his old home and re- 
 mained until a few months previous to his 
 death, when he removed to Wa_\ ne and there 
 died. Those who knew him personally can 
 never forget his imposing apjjcai'ance as well 
 as his gentle manners an<l kind heart. 
 
 WILLIAM V. STI'DDIl-'dUI) 
 
 Is the son of Prter Studdiford, who was born 
 in 17t)3, at Xew York city. In 178() he .studied 
 for the ministry under L. I-ivingston, in the 
 Christian Synod of R. D. Church. W.is ap- 
 ))Ointed professor of Hebrew in 1812. Possess- 
 ing large views of Divine truth, and a rich 
 store of various knowledge, he was ready, in- 
 structive, and forcible in his jireaching. lie 
 loved his work, and shrank not from effort in 
 
 its ])crformance. He was a faithful and affec- 
 tionate pastor, a patriotic citizen, and a humble, 
 devout, and liberal-minded Christian. He ex- 
 celled as an extemporaneous preacher, tran- 
 scending himself, when suddenly called on to 
 take the place of some absentee These efforts 
 had more than the force of an elaborate prepara- 
 tion. 
 
 Rev. Peter Studdiford's church called his son, 
 the Rev. P. O. Studdiford, who was pastor of 
 the Presbyterian church at l>amliertsville, 
 New Jersey. Ilischurch was so united in him, 
 and opposed his going, that he declined the 
 call and was pastor of thatchurcb for forty-five 
 j-ears. They then called his son, who contin- 
 ued their pastoi- until his death. For more 
 than seventy years father and son filled the 
 same pulpit. 
 
 In 1833 the subject of this sketch left his 
 native State and spent two years in Ovid, Sen- 
 eca county, New York, and in 1835 came to 
 Monroe. Previous to coming here he had se- 
 cured a fine library, thinkinghe was going out 
 of civilization. To his surprise when he ar- 
 rived here he found a population of as intelli- 
 gent people as he ever met, fai' above the aver- 
 age of places of the same size in4he East, with 
 all the culture of the older States, with a bar 
 far exceeding any other place in the State, with 
 such men as Wing, Noble, Felch, McCleanland, 
 Thurber and others, placed it ahead of any 
 place in the State. He arrived here just in 
 time to enter into the excitement of the specu- 
 lation of 1836. In that year he bought the 
 upper water power and saw mills, and so great 
 was the demand for lumber to build, that the 
 mills netted SO, 000 profit that year. He also 
 made a conti-act in Buffalo, and shipped the 
 first black walnut, oak and ash lumber that 
 was shipped from the State. In 1837 came the 
 great revulsion that swept over the whole 
 country. When the times began to inipi-ove, 
 he built the brick store above the upper bridge, 
 the stone store on Front street, and .several 
 dwellings. When the Presbj'tcrian church 
 was built he was chairman of the committee, 
 with Charles Noble and I). S. Bacon, paying 
 about S3,000 and taking some fifteen pews as 
 paj'ment. Along about 1844 he was elected 
 justice of the peace. In 1849 anri 1850 he be- 
 came quite largely interested in steamboats. 
 June 20, 1850, one of the steamers in which he 
 was interested (the Griffith) burned, with a 
 
478 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 loss of 250 lives, includius Captain Roby and 
 his entire family, with Mr. Studdiford's own 
 dear wife. The same fall he lost the steamer 
 Wave, a new boat he had built. This was a 
 sad and disastrous year for him. In 1852 he 
 moved to Buffalo, New York, and in 1856 to 
 New York City. He has been actively en- 
 caged in business since he has been there; ob- 
 taining two charters for city railroads in 
 Brooklyn, building them both, and was presi- 
 dent of one for years. He is now seventy- 
 seven years old, waiting the Master's call, with 
 a firm faith and not a doubt. 
 
 WALTER P. CLARICE 
 Was born in Rhode Island, came to Michigan 
 in 1832, and settled in Monroe in 1834, where 
 he commenced the grocery business, which he 
 continued for some years. In 1842 he was 
 elected mayor of the city, and until his removal 
 West, in connection with railroad construction 
 contracts, he was one of the leading business 
 and public men of the place. In connection 
 with the late Thomas G. Cole, Mr. Clarke was 
 a moving spirit in the construction of the 
 Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Rail- 
 road from Monroe to Adrian. They founded 
 the village of Deerfield, and built the mills at 
 that place. After the completion of this work, 
 Mr. Clarke, with his three sons (Walter P., 
 Stephen G., and Frank B. Clarke), undertook 
 heavy contracts for construction of section8.of 
 track on the Michigan Central, the Illinois 
 Central, the Rock Island, and the Chicago, 
 Burlington and Quincy Railroads. After the 
 completion of these enterprises he purchased 
 a farni in Illinois, upon which he resided for 
 several years, but finally returned to Monroe, 
 where the mother of his children and partner 
 of his joys and sorrows died, April 11, 1870. 
 Mr. Clarke was a kind and devoted husband 
 and father, a warm-hearted, genial, and oblig- 
 ing friend and neighbor. 
 
 He was buried on Tuesday, March 5, IST.'ijat 
 2 o'clock p. m., from Trinity church, of which lie 
 was a member, leaving in addition to the three 
 sons named above, one daughter, who was mar- 
 ried to the Hon. Joseph M. Sterling, of Monroe. 
 
 Otsego county. New York. His father was for 
 many years a prosperous merchant in Monroe, 
 and subsequently a railroad builder and con- 
 tractor. The subject of this sketcii was edu- 
 cated in Monroe and first attended school 
 taught by John P. Rowe, Esq., subsequently a 
 wealthy farmer and stock-raiser in Erie. 
 Spent two years at Milnor Hall, preparatory 
 deparatment of Kenyon College, Ohio, and 
 finished his course of study with the Rev. 
 Samuel Center, principal of the Michigan 
 branch of the University, at Monroe, Michi- 
 gan. He was married JSovember 20, 1844, to 
 Martha Davidson Darrah, daughter of George 
 W. Darrah, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Has 
 one daughter, Mrs. Lottie Shepbard, wife of 
 a lumber merchant of Chicago, and two sons, 
 Harry and Byron, both with their fatlier en- 
 gaged in railroad enterprises. Their son 
 Frank, a very promising young busine.ss man, 
 married Miss Mary Holly, formerly of Mon- 
 roe, died at his father's residence at Wright's 
 Grove, in Chicago. Mr. Clarke was for two 
 successive terms mayor of the city of Monroe, 
 chief of the fire department, for three succes- 
 sive terms clerk of the county of Monroe. Re- 
 moved with his family to Chicago, and has 
 been largely engaged as a contractor and 
 builder of railroads up to the present time. He 
 is now president of the International Construc- 
 tion Company, whicli is building 1,500 miles of 
 railroad in Mexico; president of the New 
 York Construction Company, which is now 
 building a railroad from Columbus, Ohio, to 
 Saugatuck, Michigan ; president of the North- 
 western Colonization and Improvement Com- 
 pany, which owns 2,500,000 acres of land in 
 Mexico; president of the Lansing City Rail- 
 way Companj^, also of the Janesville Street 
 Railway Company; is largely interested in the 
 construction of the Sonora, Sinaloa and Chihua- 
 hua Railway, also in the Deming, Sierra ^Madre 
 and Pacific Railway, also in the Columbus, Linui 
 and Milwaukee Railway, the belt line around 
 Columbus, and a line of steamers to run be- 
 tween Saugatuck and Milwaukee, as well as 
 large land interests in Mexico, which occupy 
 his entire time and attention. 
 
 STEPHEN G. CLARKE, 
 Son of Walter P. Clarke and Abigail (Marsh) 
 Clarke, was born March 24, 1822, at Plainfield, 
 
 CHAUNCEY JOSLYN 
 
 Was born at Throopsville, Cayuga county. 
 New York, June 28, 1813. Educated at Tem- 
 
0. ^j^ovv 
 
 .VUx^ 
 
BIOGRAI'UICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 470 
 
 ])lc Ifill, fjivingston county. After leavinsj 
 school he ciigatjed in teaching for five years, 
 when he began the study of law. In 1837 ho 
 settled in Ypsiianti. lie was elected a repre- 
 sentative to the State Legislature in lS4:i, ap- 
 pointed a member of the State Board of Hduca- 
 tion in 1851, and judge of probate, Washtenaw 
 eouTity, in 1851. In 1851 he was appointed 
 one of the commissioners to construct tlie St. 
 Mary's Falls ship canal. Was mayor of Ypsi- 
 ianti in 1858 ; elected judge of the twenty- 
 second judicial circuit in April, 1881, on the 
 Democratic ticket ; served his judicial term of 
 six years. Ilis death occurred October 31, 1889. 
 
 JOHN STRONG, JR., 
 
 Senator from the tiftli district ( Monroe county), 
 was born in Greenfield, Wa\ ne county, Michi- 
 gan, April 7, 1831. Eeceived a common school 
 education and followed farming in that town- 
 sliip until 1863. Then he removed to South 
 Kockwood, Monroe county, where he engaged 
 in milling, manufacturing staves, heading and 
 lumber, in merchandise, farming and raising 
 shoi't-horncd stock. Was a member of the 
 House of Representatives in 1861, from second 
 district of Wayne county, and from the second 
 district of Monroe county in 1879. Mr. Strong 
 is a Democrat. Was a member of the State 
 Senate in 1880 and re-elected in 1882. Is re- 
 garded as one of the most enterprising, sub- 
 stantial and wealth}- men of Southern Michigan. 
 
 ARCHIBALD BAIRDDAKRAH, 
 
 l\e])resiiitative from Gratiot eounly, \vas Ijoiii 
 in Monroe count}', J»eeeinber 22, 1840. lie 
 prepared for college at the Monroe Academ}-, 
 and graduated in the classical department of 
 Michigan I'niversity in 1868. While a student 
 in the university, he enlisted in 1862 as a pi-iv 
 ate soldier in the Eighteenth Michigan Volun- 
 teer Infantry ; was transferred in January, 1863, 
 to the Ninth Michigan Volunteer Cavalry, in 
 which regiment he served until the close of the 
 war of the rebellion. After leaving the mili- 
 tary service he became jirincipal of the I'nion 
 Schools at Jackson, Michigan, which position he 
 held for two years, resigning to accept the office 
 of county superintendent of schools. lie re- 
 moved to Gratiot county, Michigan, in 1870, 
 
 and established the first banking office in that 
 county at St. Louis, where he now resides, on- 
 gaged in the same business. lie has held the 
 office of count}- treasurer of Gratiot county, 
 president of the village of St. Louis, also seve- 
 ral other local minor offices. Was elected to 
 the State House of Representatives on the Re- 
 publican ticket in 1882. 
 
 JOSEPH B. GALE 
 
 Was born in Monroe (son of Samuel Gale, one 
 of the early settlers) in 1830, and lived with 
 his parents on the Gale farm, so called, now 
 known as the county farm, on which the poor- 
 house is erected, until he was twenty. three 
 years of age. Heingfond of adventure, he de- 
 termined to seek his fortune in the far west. 
 On his route, the Eock Island Eailroad, from 
 Chicago to LaSalle, was partially covered with 
 water from the melting snows, rendering it 
 neces.sary for persons to wade in front of the 
 engine to know when the track was in good 
 order. From Ihence he took passage on a 
 boat to St. Louis, and great was his surprise at 
 the change in climate and the contrast between 
 sleighing in Michigan and gardens under cul- 
 tivation and trees in full bloom in South- 
 ern Illinois. From thence he journej-ed 
 to Cedar ilapids, Iowa, then contain- 
 ing a population of almost 300, whei'e he 
 remained about six years, during which time 
 he made several hazardous trips through Kan- 
 sas and the Indian Territorj-, where he, with 
 his companions, encountered severe fighting 
 with Indians and losing their horses therein. 
 In the second trip to Kansas he made the ac- 
 (juaintance of John Brown, James Lane, John 
 Richie, Col. IIolliday,Wm. and B. C. Ross, promi- 
 nent men that were active in the Kansas strug- 
 gles and controversies. In 1859 he was one of 
 the first adventurers to Pike's Peak, and cam|)ed 
 on Cherry Creek, the present site of Denver. 
 He undertook and was successful in his enter- 
 prise of carrying freight from Leavenworth to 
 Denver, requiring three months for a trip, tak- 
 ing freight of 600 or 800 pounds with four 
 horses, leaving a bag of grain aboutovery third 
 day to feed on the return trip, receiving as 
 compensation 813 per hundred. They slept at 
 night under their wagons, and learned bv ex- 
 perience that horses and mules would awaken 
 thera by their uneasiness if Indians or wild 
 
480 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 animals approached them, pi-oving that hovses 
 ami mules are good guards to give warning 
 of an approaching enemy. Stop|)ing his teams 
 to allow herds of buffalo to pass was a common 
 occurrence, and the hills would often be black 
 as far as the eye could reach with herds of 
 buffalo. 
 
 In 1861, when the war broke out, he accom- 
 panied General Ijane as a scout, and continued 
 as such with him until the general was elected 
 to the United States Senate, during which 
 time he met with many hairbreadth escapes. 
 He was taken prisoner by the (^uantrell baud 
 of which the notorious Hart was captain. 
 
 He was in Kansas at the time of the burning 
 of Leaven worth, and at 10 o'clock at night, with 
 his comrades, left for Leavenworth and rode 
 forty miles, but on reaching it found the town 
 in ashes, with about twenty citizens murdered. 
 They captured a number of the band and he 
 observed on one tree five of them hanging and 
 learned two more were added the .same day. 
 While engaged in government cniploy as a 
 scout, he was constantly riding through Kan- 
 sas, Missouri, the Indian Territory and Ark- 
 ansas. 
 
 At the close of the war of the reljellion he 
 left Leavenworth for Montana in March, 1865, 
 and reached Virginia City August 20th, a dis- 
 tance of over 3,000 miles. The compau}', for 
 protection against the Indians, consisted of 350 
 able-bodied men and fifty women and children, 
 and were organized as a military company. 
 On reaching Virginia City the company dis- 
 banded. Prom this jioint he traveled about 
 2,000 miles by compass and an Indian guide, 
 reaching the headwaters of the Powder River 
 and from thence to the headwaters of the Big 
 Horn River, frequently annoj^ed by the In- 
 dians, who were constantly on the war-path : 
 from thence to the Yellowstone River, Boseman 
 and Fort Ellis, never daring to send the stock 
 out to graze with herders without first sending 
 out pickets beyond the herders. 
 
 Por the next six years Mr. Gale was inter- 
 ested prospecting in Montana when there were 
 no permanent settlers there. On his arrival 
 he invited a friend to take a square meal with 
 him at a restaurant and at the conclusion of 
 the meal threw down a five-dollar greenback, 
 and surprised was he when told his bill for the 
 two dinners was $3 in gold, and that greenbacks 
 passed for but forty cents on the dollar ; then 
 
 cigars in addition at twenty-five cents each in 
 gold, or four cigars for a two-dollar bill ; that 
 the smallest change used was quarters. He 
 has often hunted deer and antelope where the 
 beautiful city of Helena now stands, which him 
 grown from a few mining huts to a city of sev- 
 eral thousand inhabitants. Provisions he has 
 known so scarce that flour sold for $220 a bar- 
 rel, bacon $1 per pound, beans $1, coffee $1.25, 
 sugar $1 per pound. Tobacco and whisky at 
 any price holders chose to ask. 
 
 Mr. Gale has attended prospecting jjarties \ 
 through the country where the brave General 
 Custer with his comrades were massacred, in 
 the fall of 1870 he returned to his old home 
 after an absenceof eighteen years. His life has 
 been full of adventures, and limited space pro- 
 vents giving moi'e at length the important 
 events of his life. 
 
 He has now returned to the home of his child- 
 hood to spend the evening of his daj-s. Mild 
 and gentle in manner and feelings, yet bold as 
 a lion in emergencies, he is little inclined to 
 speak of his experience, which would be of 
 great interest would the limits of this .sketch 
 permit. 
 
 Soon after his return from the West he mar- 
 ried Mrs. Harrington ami now resides at Mon- 
 roe, Michigtin. 
 
 STEPHEN BROWN WAKEFIELD, 
 
 P 
 
 Son of Simeon B. Wakefield, was born Jul}' 29, 
 1814, in Williston, Vermont, and lived upon his 
 father's farm until tvventy-one years of age. 
 He emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio, where he re- 
 mained until 1838, when he removed to Monroe, 
 and in 1840 was married to Miss Victoria 
 Shovarre, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Bes- 
 sonette Shovarre, who were early settlers of 
 Monroe county, and of French descent. By 
 this marriage six children were born, three of 
 whom are now living : George S., a prosperous 
 farmer of Eaisinviile; Mary Victoria, wife of 
 Captain B. H. Alfred, of Monroe ; and Franklin 
 J., of Detroit. Mrs. Wakefield fell a victim to 
 cholera iji the fall of 1854. Mr. Stephen B. 
 Wakefield married September 19, 1866, his 
 second wife, Esther, widow of James R. Moore; 
 her maiden name was Gibson, daughter of 
 Mathew Gibson, who with his family settled in 
 Monroe in 1833. One child was born of this 
 union, Stephen B., jr. Mr. Wakefield on arriv- 
 
7:^^^ 
 

 ML-NSEl :, /. c 
 
lUOGRAPHICAI. SKETCHES. 
 
 4S1 
 
 iiiirat .Monroe oiiiiMijocI in tlu' livery and slairinir 
 business, anil carried the United States mail 
 (Void Detroit to Toledo for nearl^^ thirty years. 
 His large briek liverj- stable on Wasiiiiiiiton 
 street was burned on St. Patriek's day in ISiiS. 
 was rebuilt the same year and the building- is 
 still leased for the same business. Mr. Wake- 
 
 r'field contracted for and built the Saline plank 
 
 I road to Milan in two years. In 1858, liuill ten 
 miles of the Erie plank road, of which he be- 
 came the owner. He soon after constructed 
 the Monroe and Flat Hock plank road and was 
 
 I elected president of the same; healso built the 
 Monroe City and Harbor plank road. In 18(54 
 he macadamized two miles of road (rom Water- 
 loo Mills to the docks, and was a very liberal 
 c-bntributor to the construction of the Monroe, 
 Holly and Wayne Kailroad, now a i)art of the 
 Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad. In 1870 
 built under contract ten miles of the Canada 
 Southern Kailroad between Toledo and Detroit. 
 In 1880 built twelve miles of the railroad be- 
 tween Adrian and Detroit. In 1887 built 
 twenty-five miles of the Nickel Plate Eailroad 
 between Painesville, Ohio, and the State of 
 Pennsylvania, and graded the same road be- 
 tween Cleveland, Ohio, and Erie, Pennsylvania. 
 In 1882 built twelve miles of the Michigan and 
 
 ' Ohio Railroad between Dundee and Marshall, 
 Michigan. In 1886 built seven miles of the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. In 
 1887 built under contract one mile of the 
 Chicago, Santa Fe and California Railroad, and 
 the same year removed two hundred thousand 
 3-ardsof dirt near New Cambria, Mason county, 
 .Missouri. Several three stor}- brick stores on 
 Washington street with a frontage oftwent}'- 
 nine rods and five feet were built in 1 804 by 
 Mr. Wakefield. 
 
 Mr. Wakefield, now seventy-four years of age, 
 is living on his old homestead, a farm of thirty- 
 five acres, on w'hich is the celebrated Shaw- 
 nee spring, deservedlj' popular for its excel- 
 lent medicinal qualities. It is situated one 
 mile and a half south of Monroe, and a resort 
 for those suffering from rheumatism. 
 
 During the late war Mi-. Wakefield, in com- 
 l)aiiy with Joseph M. Sterling, [mrchased horses 
 for the United States Government, and filled 
 the contract for the commissar}' department of 
 the Seventh Regiment of Infantry, of which 
 I. R. Grosvenor was colonel. Mr. Wakefield 
 was of great assistance in raising and recruit- 
 
 ing tlie Fifteenth Michigan Regiment of In- 
 faniry, named after Colonel Mulligan, and com- 
 manded by Colonel John M.Oliver. 
 
 When the subject of building the Union 
 school was first brought before the public it met 
 with much opposition, and credit is due Mr. 
 Wakefield. Colonel Frazy Winans, Joseph M. 
 Stirling and Jefterson G. Thurber, lor the active 
 part taken by them in the cause of education 
 (or the masses. When a final vote of submit- 
 ting it to the people was urged, an eloquent 
 speech by the Hon. J. G. Thurber succeeded in 
 securing a majority vote. The grounds wore 
 purchased and a fine building was erected, 
 which has ever since been a source of ])ride 
 and satisfaction to tlio citizens. 
 
 Mr. Wakefield has been an active Democrat, 
 and in 1882 was elected by an unanimous vote 
 justice of the peace of the town of Monroe. 
 He is a member ol the Protestant Episcopal 
 chui-eh. As a citizen he has been honored, 
 as a man esteemed, as a friend reliable in 
 judgment, liberal and kind to the poor. He 
 has been one of the most ]>ublic spirite<l men 
 of Monroe, always foremost in advancing llie 
 interests and prosperity of the city. 
 
 ALEX.XNDKU (iK.XXT 
 
 W'as born in Monroe, Michigan, Februaiy It!. 
 1853; his ancestors on lioth sides wei'e Scotch. 
 His father was tiorn in Scotland, and was a 
 representative of the reliable and best qualities 
 of the Scottish character. He died when his 
 children were quite young, the subject of Ibis 
 sketch being but twelve j'ears of ago. Tlu-ough 
 the unwearied efforts of his faithful mother, he 
 was enalilcd to gain a good education, complet- 
 ing his course at the high school among the 
 first in his class. Nature not only endowed 
 him with a clear and active mind, bui gave him 
 perseverance and a dignity of'cliaraclcr. which 
 commanded the respect of old and young. 
 From earh- childhooil he was taught habitsol in- 
 dustry, and was energetic and thorough in what- 
 ever he undertook. Alexander Grant enteivd 
 the Monroe postoffico imnicdiatel}' upon leav- 
 ing school at the age i>f' sixteen, and received 
 ten dollars a month as clerk. He remained in 
 the postoftice in various capacities for two years 
 and a half, when he secured the ]>osition of 
 mail-route agent on the railroad from Monroe 
 
482 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 to Holly, Mifliijiran, the road having just been 
 completed. After nix months the run was ex- 
 tended from Toledo, Ohio, to Bay City, Michi- 
 gan, and soon after to Eeed City, Michigan. 
 His services giving much satisfaction, he 
 was promoted in June, 1874, to the more im- 
 portant route from Toledo to Chicago. He 
 continued upon this line for seven years, fill- 
 ing every position from " roustabout " to head 
 clerk. • Mr. Grant left the railroad department 
 to enter the oiBce of division superintendent at 
 Cleveland, Ohio, as examiner, which position 
 he held until October, 1S83, when he was de- 
 tailed to the office of general superintendent of 
 the railway mail service, Washington, D. C. 
 Here his work took a wider scope, and he came 
 in direct contact with affairs of the postofflee 
 department of the United States, involving the 
 interest of the whole world. Here he acquitted " 
 himself BO admirably, and showed such a com- 
 prehensive knowledge of that very compli- 
 cated department of our government, that 
 after filling with satisfaction various import- 
 ant desks, he was appointed chief clerk of the 
 entire i-ailway mail service in December, 1884, 
 and three years after was promoted to the office 
 of assistant superintendent, which he still 
 holds. Mr. Grant has attended faithfully to 
 the interests of the departiueiit through many 
 changes in the administration, and has been 
 found indispensible to the different postmaster 
 generals. His friends are numerous in both 
 parties, and his friends in all parts of the 
 country have manifested a strong desire to have 
 Mr. Grant appointed to a still highei' position 
 for which he is eminently qualified. 
 
 ELI8HA BARDOW HITCHCOCK, 
 
 Son of Samuel and Jemima Hitchcock, was 
 burn in Amcnia, Dutchess county. New Voi'k, 
 February 2, 1704. When quite young, his 
 father purchased a farm of nearly 300 acres in 
 Schodack, Rens.sclaer county, and removed his 
 family tliither ; but dying when Elisha was 
 twelve years old, his mother sent him to school 
 until he was sixteen, at which time he entered 
 the store of Schermerhorii & Co., on tiie Hud- 
 son, where ho remained until twenty-one. His 
 eldest brother, who was doing a successful mer- 
 cantile business in Newville, Herkimer county, 
 immediately received him as a partner. Soon 
 
 after he married Miss Christina Spoor, daugh- 
 ter of a well-to-do farmer of the same town. 
 The sudden and unexpected termination of the 
 war with Great Britain found them with^quite 
 a stock of goods on hand, for which a high 
 price had been paid, and they were obliged to 
 sustain heavy losses. After mature considera- 
 tion it was thought better to close business. 
 When matters were amicably adjusted the 
 younger partner removed to Rensselaer county 
 and commenced fiirming, occupying a portion 
 of the homestead, whicli had never been divided. 
 Of their children, the first was born in Her- 
 kimer county, six sons and two daughters were 
 added in Rensselaer county, and four sons 
 born in Monroe county, completed the circle. 
 May 1, 1834, found us equipj^ed and under 
 way for Michigan, father having been the year 
 before and selected a place for a home. Ar- 
 riving in Albany, 363 miles on the Erie canal 
 took us to Buftalo, where we remained 
 seven days, windbound, but came to Vistula, 
 now Toledo, on the 17th, in tim.e to learn that 
 the man who engaged to build a log house for 
 us had failed to fulfill the contract; how- 
 ever, he met us with two teams to convey 
 us to a place within two miles of our own, 
 where we might find shelter until one could 
 be pre]>ared for us. The house was one 
 room, made of logs, the home of five persons, 
 and with our family of eleven persons, 
 made us pretty thickly settled. Father 
 bought a yoke of oxen and two cows from 
 a drove near Monroe. A wagon and fai'in im- 
 plements we brought with us. A man 
 was hired, and at the end of four weeks wo 
 moved into our own house, if house it might be 
 called, without door, window, roof or chimney. 
 Oak boards had been procured from a saw mill 
 nearly twenty miles distant. No uncommon 
 sisjht was the passage of a company of Indians, 
 squaws, pappooses and ponies, along a trail 
 near which our house was built, and occa- 
 sionally the\- camped for a few days but few 
 rods awa}-. Though at first we felt somewhat 
 uncasv, yet we learned to be less fearful. 
 But the fear of Indians and wild beasts bore 
 little comparison to the fear that took posses- 
 sion of some of us at the prospective Toledo 
 war, as the troops were marching so near us 
 in that direction. The lapse of time, together 
 with the horrors of the civil war that was 
 precipitated upon us, has made that aftair to 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 483 
 
 ajipcar of less sii^Tiifictvncc, thoiifili tlicir cuusc 
 as President Willits says, was settled in such 
 a way that both sides were victorious. 
 
 The first season we were quite fortunate in 
 escaping sickness. The coming of a couple of 
 families tended somewhat to break the monot- 
 ony that had been so apparent before. 
 
 In the fall of 183() our oldest bi'other went 
 East to attend school, where ho remained nearly 
 two years. That winter we enjoyed the first 
 ])rivilege of attending school. A room was 
 fitted up in the chamber of Jackson Hoag's log 
 house. The room was furnished with a few 
 benches, writing desk, and warmed by a stove- 
 j)ipo passing through. The school embraced 
 the children of the two families, with our old- 
 est sister for teacher. The long vacation 
 seemed to have given a keen relish for study, 
 and the school made fair advancement. That 
 sister taught the Hopewell school, across the 
 line, in the summer of 1837 ; was married 
 December 10th of the same year. The fall of 
 1S40 was one of severe sickness to us; but one 
 escaping, Henry, now a farmer in Southern 
 Iowa. I make brief mention of our father, his 
 illness and death, which occurred August 2, 
 1844. Though he had never a strong consti- 
 tution, yet ho was industrious at work or study, 
 and was, at times, chosen to fill an office in 
 town. He was elected assessor, inspector, and 
 supervisor, as the records will show. I remem- 
 ber as supervisor he opposed building such an 
 expensive court house, as he thought the county 
 too poor at that time. Ho had long suffered 
 from an affection of the liver, but had appeared 
 for a time more energetic than usual ; had suc- 
 ceeded well with the harvest and haying, but 
 he took a sudden cold. His disease was ushered 
 in with a chill which the family mistook for 
 ague. A physician was called who decided at 
 once that his case was a very dangerous one, 
 " chronic hepatitis of the liver." All was of 
 no avail for improvement. Hefirsteomplained 
 on Saturday. After Monday he was too ill 
 jierhans, to realize much about his surround- 
 ings, and died Friday at noon, in the presence 
 of all his family save the one who makes this 
 record, who was attending school in Oborlin at 
 the time. The depressing effect of the sad 
 news was such that though surrounded by 
 many friends, I found I must endure my sor- 
 row comparatively alone. It appeared to me 
 I could never study more ; even the thought of 
 
 opening a linok became painful, and in a fow 
 days I returned home only to find that the half 
 of the desolation and grief abiding there had 
 not been told me. Five brothers attended 
 school in Oberlin. The Michigan schools had 
 not then attained their present celebrity. Nine 
 of the whole have taught. Our brothers are 
 for the most part farmers in Bedford. The 
 homestead is now owned and occujiied by 
 George, the youngest. Our youngest sister, 
 Charlotte, is -the wife of Samuel Southard, 
 farmer, near West Toledo, while one brother in 
 business in Chicago, was recently elected for 
 the seventeenth year in succession, superin- 
 tendent of what is known as '• the Moody Sab- 
 bath School," of nearly 2,000 pupils of all ages. 
 If any wonder why we have not made a broader 
 mark, I reply it may be a wonder we have done 
 no worse. While so many other incidents are 
 before my mind, I will simply say we are still 
 trying to work out the ])roblom of mortal life 
 as best we can, according to the light that is 
 in us. Eliza IIitciicock Candee. 
 
 South Wmiteford, Nov. 20, 1889. 
 
 JICKOMK 15. GALLOWAY. 
 
 John and Alinda Galloway settled near 
 ronliac in 1820. Removed to Monroe county, 
 settled on the farm in lluisinville, on the north 
 side of the River Raisin, ten miles above the 
 city of Monroe, in March, 1840. lve]it a hotel, 
 known as the John Galloway Inn, lor live 
 years, and passed through all the hardships in- 
 cident to clearing a farm in a new country. 
 Their pioneer neighbors were A. P. Ta\-lor, A. 
 B. Bentley, Michael Warner, A. Barnahy and 
 Jacob Brown. 
 
 Jerome B. Galloway, the subject of this 
 .skcich, married Lois Bentley A])ril 15, 1855. 
 p]nlisted in September, 1801, in Company I, 
 Berdan's First United Stales Sharpshooters. 
 Served through the peninsular eam])aign under 
 General George B. McClelland as hos])ital 
 steward ; was in the field all the time with the 
 field and staff officers ; was mustered out in 
 the fall of 1802, and served in the secret ser- 
 vice until 18G4, then enlisted as sergeant in 
 Company B, Fourth Michigan Infantry. Re- 
 mained on dutj- at Detroit until the following 
 March; then was mustered as second-lieutenant 
 Company A, Eleventh Michigan Infantry, and 
 
484 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 soon after as fii-Nt lieutenant ot same companj'. 
 Had eonimand of Fort Altoona, northeast of 
 Chattanooga, and of Block House No. Four, 
 East Tennessee, durini;- the summer of 1805. 
 Eeturned 1o Mcmroe, and with his family re- 
 moved to Dundee, Monroe eounty, in 187G. 
 Wa.s a member of the school board in 1879 and 
 1880; mendier of the village council two years, 
 street ((ininiissioner two j-ears and village 
 niarf^lial two years, and was elected and served 
 as constable eight j-ears in succession, lias 
 four ciiildren, one of whom, Charles F, (iallo- 
 way, aged thirty, resides at Dundee. 
 
 RICHARFt PKTERS. 
 
 Of Petersl>urg, was one of the early pioneers 
 of Monroe county, and his services has been 
 invaluable in aiding to clear up and redeeming 
 an unhi'oken wilderness from the savages and 
 wild beasts which inhabited it. He pui'chased 
 from the United States (Joveriinient some six 
 hundred acres of land, about live hundred of 
 which he cleared and brought into an cxctd. 
 lent state of cultivation. 
 
 He emigrated from Harperstield, Delaware 
 ccunt'r, jSfew York, in 1824, at which place he 
 received a common school education, and at 
 which place he was married to Polly Wilcox, 
 and proceeding directly to the .spot where the 
 village of Petersbui-g now stands, where he 
 built a hut and commenced improvements, with 
 Morris and Lewis Wells and their families the 
 nearest neighbors, two miles distant. The last 
 two or three miles of road he cut through the 
 wilderness. The family then consisted of a 
 wife an<l three children, the former died in 
 1834, and the latter are all still living. Mr. 
 Eichard Peters held himself aloot' from all 
 kinds of offices; was highly esteemed as a 
 cili/.en and a tirst-elass tarmci-, anil though 
 averse to holding office, was, notwithstanding 
 this, fi'equontly forced to accept township 
 offices, and was supei-visor of the town of 
 Raisinville eight or ten \ ears, w hicli town then 
 embraced Sumnierfiold, Dundee, Whiteford, 
 Bedford, Ida, London and Milan. He died at 
 the old homestead of inflammation of the lungs 
 after a short illness of six weeks, at the ad- 
 vanced a;.;e sixty-four years. His eldest son 
 George was born September 21, 1822, at 
 
 Harperstield, now residing on a part of tiie old 
 homestead farm ; has been repeatedly honored 
 with offices, indicating the esteem in which he 
 is held ; has served the town as school inspector; 
 was nineteen years supervisor; member of the 
 House of Repi'esenlative in 1861 and 1862, and 
 a member of the St:ite Senate in 1867 and 1868. 
 He married Miss Mai-y J. Holmes; has one son, 
 Eichard G., who resides on the home farm, and 
 one daughter, who was married to Mr. Eay, 
 and resides in Buffalo, New York. 
 
 John resides on a portion of the old home- 
 stead farm ; married Ellen Burnham; has two 
 daugliters receiving their education in Oberlin 
 College, Ohio. He is esteemad as a very sub- 
 stantial and enterprising farmer, and has 
 always resided on the farm, with the exception 
 of a few years that he spent in California. 
 
 KZRA L, LOCK WOOD 
 
 Was born in Watertown. Connecticut, June 16, 
 1831, his father, Jacob Lockwood, and his 
 mother, Maria Scovill Lockwood, being pure 
 tyjies of the •' Yankee." At the age of thirteen 
 his mother died, and from this time on he has 
 had to rely on his own resources. 
 
 Mr. Ijockwood came to Michigan in the fall 
 of 1850 and went to worJc in the township of 
 Dundee. From this time until the jjrescnt he 
 has always resided in this State, except two 
 years, from 1853 to 1855, which were spent in 
 the State of Illinois. 
 
 In 1855 he, in ])artnership with Morgan 
 Parker, purchased the water power and mills 
 in Petersburgh. and they ran these mills until 
 1861 when the ijartnership was ended. After 
 closing up his business he found himself with 
 no capital except his own push and labor. 
 
 lie married Jennie Hall on the 29th of 
 December, 1859, and these two with nothing 
 but a superabundant amount of pluck and 
 willingness to work, in 1862 moved upon an 
 eighty acres of land in section twenty-seven 
 of the township of Summerfield, upon which 
 they had made a first pnyment of forty 
 dollars. At this time it was a wilderness, 
 and Mr. Lockwooil with his own hands 
 cut the timber from a small spot upon 
 which he built. At this time they had no 
 neighbor within two miles. The land in the 
 
(y(^cc^-^ -u^ (^2^1 
 
-tii^VV' 
 
 ^k^z^o^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAI. SKETCHES. 
 
 485 
 
 vicinity was a very strong soil, but was so wet 
 and far from a natural outlet that by nianj- it 
 was considered wortliless. He at once devised 
 a plan for draining, maUing roads, and re- 
 (•lainiing the thousands of acres of this land, 
 and in spite ot strong oj)position, lie succeeded 
 in getting laid and constructed, one after an- 
 other, the great drains which were needed in 
 order to put these lands in an}^ shape for use. 
 One of these drains, which bears its projectors 
 name, traverses the county of Monroe from its 
 western limit to its outlet in Lake Krio, and is 
 in places thirteen feet deep and forty feet wide. 
 While carrying on tliese improvements ho also 
 purchased more land from lime to time, until in 
 1875 he was the owner of three thousand and 
 twenty acres. As a result of the drainage the 
 countrv, which, a few years ago was considered 
 worthless, being covered with water nearly all 
 the year round, is now one of the most pro- 
 ductive sections of the county, and is fast 
 being made into the finest farms. Mr. Ijock- 
 wood has for several years been the largest 
 breeder of cattle in the count}', and keeps 
 about two hundred head upon his i'arm, with a 
 butter dairy of eighty cows. He also keeps 
 and breeds horses and hogs quite extensivelj'. 
 lie is still an active man. full to overflowing 
 with i)ush and energy, and keeps himself busy 
 carrying on a farm of eleven hundred acres in 
 one bod}-, which he has bought largel}- by his 
 own labor from a wilderness to a high state of 
 productiveness. 
 
 Mr. Lockwood has been a very busy man, 
 and has always taken an active interest in 
 social, educational and political matters, but 
 has never had an}- hankering for office. Of 
 late years, he and his wife have been ver}' 
 active in all the farmers' clubs, institutes and 
 conventions of the county and State, and their 
 favorable and taking talks have become a com- 
 mon feature of all the gatherings of the farmers 
 of the counly. 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Lockwood have raised a family 
 of three boj's and two girls, Harr}- A. being an 
 attorney at law in Monroe. iLiry F. is a 
 teacher in the State Normal school at Ypsilanti. 
 Gertrude J. is a teacher in the high school of 
 Jackson, Michigan. Willard Hzra is the farmer 
 of the family, and is sharing the burden of 
 carrj'ing on the work begun by the father, 
 while Lamont IL is a student in ihe .Michigan 
 Slate Normal school. 
 
 AI.FRl'^D \Vll,Ki;K.'<n\ 
 Was born February L'), 182(1, in the town of 
 fjed^'ard, Cayuga, co\inty. New York. Re- 
 moved to Dundee, Monroe county, Michigan, 
 with his parents in the fall of lS8(i, settled on a 
 farm in section nine, and about the first work 
 that Mr. Wilkerson, then a lad of seventeen, 
 did, was to assist in building a log school house, 
 with an old-fashioned fire-place, in the vicinity 
 of his homo. It was also used as a church, and 
 was located near the ])lace now occupied by 
 the brick church at Clarksville. Mr. Wilker- 
 son's family had been in their new home 
 scarcely three j'ears when both his father and 
 molher were taken ill with feveranddied within 
 tour days of each other, leaving a famil}' of six 
 children, one son, older than the subject of this 
 sketch, and four daughters, all of whom have 
 since died, leaving Alfred the only living mem- 
 ber of the family. 
 
 In November, 1842, Mr. Wilkerson married 
 Harriet M. Treraan and settled on the farm on 
 "hich he still resides, and he often tells his 
 j'oung friends of the first time ho took his 
 bride to visit her father's family after thcj- were 
 married with a pair of oxen and sled. To them 
 were born four children — .lustus S., Horace 
 A., Theodore C. and May A. M., all of whom 
 are living and married. Mrs. Wilkerson died 
 in 18G1. Mr. Wilkerson afterwards married 
 Maggie A. Stewart, of good old Scotch an- 
 cestry. She is the mother of Nora Dell. 
 
 Mr. Wilkerson has alwaj-s been identified 
 with all the interests and business of his town 
 and county ; is a staunch Republican ; was 
 member of the legislature in the years of 1858 
 and 1859; was school director twenty -five 
 years. An accomplished drill officer of militia, 
 gave thirty boys a lesson in chopping wood at 
 the Michigan Agricultural College at Lansing, 
 and there acquired the title of ■' Professional 
 Chopper.'' 
 
 Friday, February 15. 1889, was the sixty- 
 ninth birthday of Brother Alfred Wilkerson, 
 and Sunday, February 17th. was the fiftieth 
 anniversary of his reception into the Methodist 
 Hpiscopal church of Dundee on probation. His 
 friends to the number of nearly two huntlred 
 assembled on his birthday to celebrate both 
 events. Refreshments were served. Mr. J. J. 
 Dixon, of the Dundee bank, referring to Mr. 
 Wilkerson's record as farmer, representative 
 in the legislature, and citizen, presented him, 
 
4S6 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 on behalf of coutribulin!;- friends, with a gold- 
 hoadod cane. Pastor Morgan reviewed briefly 
 Brother Wilkerson's early history, coming as a 
 lad of sixteen with his parents, two brothers 
 and fou-r sisters, in 183G, from Aurora, New 
 York, to Dundee. Two years later his parents 
 both died in one week, and his sisters and 
 brothers have departed one by one, leaving 
 him now the only surviving member of the 
 family. When he was nineteen, with two other 
 young men, he gave his name to the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and he has now a well- 
 preserved certificate to that effect dated Feb- 
 ruary 15, 1839, and signed by Eev. Ira Mc- 
 Intire, who was acting pastor. Since then he 
 has been actively identified with the church in 
 the various capacities of class-leader, steward, 
 and trustee, and has never been found lacking 
 when financial burdens were to be borne. The 
 pastor, in behalf of another group of friends, 
 presented him with a beautiful gold mounted 
 silk umbrella, reminding him that though he 
 had braved many storms without shelter or 
 protection, his friends now wished to shield 
 him from unnecessary exposure; also in behalf 
 of the young people a copy of " Core's Bible 
 Gallery," assuring him that the young people 
 counted him as one of their number, young in 
 spirit if not in years. Mr. Still Stowell then 
 came forward, and in behalf of still another list 
 of friends, presented him with a solid walnut 
 pillar extension table and a box of rare speci- 
 mens. Eev. D. A. Curtis, of Petersburg, who 
 was intimatly associated with Brother Wilker- 
 son in early life, proceeded to catechise him, 
 making him confess that he once lived in a log 
 house, traveled through the woods guided by 
 marked trees, took his family to church with 
 an ox team, etc. Brotiier Wilkerson responded 
 with emotion, as he alluded to his early strug- 
 gles, and thanked God for the providence 
 which had prospered him and raised up this 
 host of friends. 
 
 WALTER HACKETT, 
 
 One of the early pioneers of the county of 
 Monroe was born in the county of Tipperary, 
 Ireland. Emigrated to America in 1830. Was 
 married to Catharine Phillips, of Eoscomraon 
 county, Ireland, in 1831, in the village of Erie, 
 Monroe county. Settled in Ida on a farm. 
 
 Three years after sold out his improvements 
 and bought 100 acres of Henry B. Marvin, in 
 the town of Eaisinville, Monroe county, on 
 which he resided until he died October 24, 
 1861, aged fifty-six years, leaving a wife and 
 six children, three boys and three girls: 
 Thomas, Patrick and Walter, Mary Catharine, 
 and Julia; all still living but the mother, who 
 died July 24, 1887, on the old homestead in 
 Eaisinville, now owned by the son Walter. 
 The son Walter represented the county of 
 Monroe in the State legislature in the years 
 1881 and 1882, and in the fall of 1888, was 
 elected treasurer of the county of Monroe for 
 the term of two years. 
 
 SENECA ALLEN, 
 
 Son of Ebcnezer Allen, was born February 18, 
 1788, in the State of Vermont. His wife, Fan- 
 nie Lucinda, the daughter of Moses Brigham, 
 was born in New Hampshire, February 24, 
 1794. Mr. Allen moved to Monroe in Septem- 
 ber, 1827 ; taught school fall and winter ; was 
 surveyor from 1827 until the time of his death. 
 He platted and laid out the city of Toledo, 
 about 1831, also the villages of Trenton and 
 Flat Eock. He was for several years clerk of 
 the council of the Territory of Michigan. In 
 the fall of 1829, as the clerk of Dan B. Miller, 
 he opened a dry goods store on the site where 
 Manhattan now stands, the stock designed prin- 
 cipally for trade with the Indians. The United 
 States Government at that time paid annuities 
 to the Indians, and about 3,000 wei-e there 
 assembled. He returned with his family to 
 Monroe and resided on the corner of First 
 street and Macomb, the site now occupied by 
 the residence of the late Dan B. Miller. 
 
 The son of Mr Allen — George Allen, is a 
 machinist by trade ; now resides at Azalia, 
 formerly called East Milan. When a boy with 
 his lather at Manhattan, then twelve years of 
 age, in an Indian camp, his pocket-book was 
 stolen from his vest pocket while washing. 
 He accused the son of the chief, who denied it. 
 He threw the chiefs son down, and at this 
 juncture the chief came in and saw him take the 
 pocket-book from his son's blanket. The chief 
 caught him up in his arms, took him to his 
 father and related the circumstances. He 
 thought himself quite a hero for whipping an 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, 
 
 487 
 
 Indian largiT than he was and two years his 
 senior. A few days after tliis oc-currome the 
 tribe of Indians left the place and tamped at 
 tho present site of Alexis, to hold a feast and 
 dance. The Indian chief, with the permission 
 of his father, took Geoi-ge with him to attend 
 the dance and feast. The chief asked him how 
 he liked his dinner, he replied he enjoyed il, 
 as ho was very hungry, but to bis astonisli- 
 ment found he had been feasting on the meat 
 of a dog. He was incredulous until the skin of 
 the white dog was shown him. 
 
 Mr. Allen, as a machinist, was employed on 
 the Michigan Southern Railroad during the ad- 
 ministration of M. Morris and Thomas G. Cole 
 as superintendents, subsequently was employed 
 by Isaac Lewis in his machine shops. In 1849 
 he purchased eighty acres of land on section 
 twenty-tive, which is still his home. January 
 21, 1842, he married Miss Harriet Palmer, of 
 Monroe, Michigan. 
 
 JAMES VAX KLEECK, 
 
 Keprcsentative from the district composed of 
 Midland, Gladwin and Eoscommon counties, 
 was born September 26, 184G, at Exeter, Mon- 
 roe county, Michigan. He enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in the Seventeenth Michigan Infantry in 
 June, 18G2 ; was severely wounded at the bat- 
 tle of Antietam, from w-hich wound he still 
 suffers. He graduated from the law depart- 
 ment Michigan University in the class of 1870, 
 and began the practice of law at Midland City, 
 where he continued in the profession a number 
 of years, when he removed to Bay City. He 
 has held various offices under the city govern- 
 ment of Midland City, also that of the 
 office of prosecuting attorney of Midland 
 county for six j-ears; was elected to the House 
 of Representatives of the State legislature in 
 1882. 
 
 nilLLIP J. L0RAN6ER. 
 
 Mr. lioranger was born in Monroe, September 
 27, 1821, and was therefore titty years of age at 
 the time of his death. His father, Joseph 
 lioranger, was one of the first settlers on the 
 River Raisin, and owned immense tracts of 
 lanil, which at this time would be of great 
 value. They extended Irom the river back 
 
 three miles. The family mansion stood on the 
 present site of the blocks of E. (J. .Morton and 
 William H. Boyd. 
 
 Mr. Loranger was private .secrctarj- to Gov- 
 ernor McClelland, held a clerkship in the 
 Treasury Department at Washington during 
 the administrations ol' Pierce and Buchanan, 
 and after his return to Monroe he erected the 
 tine block on the corner of Front and Monroe 
 streets, entered the banking business with Mr. 
 Lafountain, built a fine residence, was elected 
 county treasurer, and enjoyed to a large extent 
 the confidence and respect of his fellow citizens. 
 
 ANTOINE FRANCIS ROBERT. 
 
 The eighty-first anniversary of one of our 
 oldest French citizens occurred on June 1, 
 1889, at the residence of Antoine Francis 
 Robert in the town of Frenchtown. Hon. J. M. 
 Sterling, Judge T. E. Wing and other old time 
 friends of Mr. Robert were favored with press- 
 ini; invitations to the festivities brought about 
 by the occasion. The entertainment was upon 
 an elaliorate scale, presided over by the wife 
 and three daughters of the aged parent. The 
 tables were tastefully adorned and loaded with 
 the substantials of life as well as with the deli- 
 cies of the season. Mr. Robert was born on the 
 farm now known as the Sterling farm, the 
 north part of which is occupied by the docks 
 and mills on the river in the third ward, on the 
 first day of Juno, 1808. He has a distinct 
 recollection of the first cannon ball fired by the 
 British during the War of 1812, which shat- 
 tered the corner of the homestead, which 
 alarming the inmates, they sought the cellar 
 for protection. When Mr. Robert attained his 
 majority his father presented him with the 
 farm at Plaisance, now owned by Samuel 
 Albain, which he occupied until recalled to the 
 old home to assist his father, who was building 
 the steamer Helen Strong and boarding a large 
 force of men — some thirt^'-two in all. Ho 
 exchanged the Albain farm for the one on 
 which he now resides, then consisting of four 
 hundi'ed and sixty acres, Imt now of one hun- 
 dred and twenty-six, be having given his sons, 
 as they attained their majority, forty acres 
 each, with a liberal outfit to each of his daugh- 
 ters as they were married. Mr. Robert married 
 
488 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 as bis first wife tlie daughter of tlie Hon. 
 Hubert LaCroix, who was a colonel in the War 
 of 1812, and subsequently for a number of 
 years a member of the territorial legislature. 
 By this marriage eighteen chiklren were born, 
 eight of whom are now living. He married ior 
 his second wife Margaret Burro, of Vienna. 
 The fruit of this marriage u as nine children — 
 five daughters and four sons, all of whom are 
 living. He was thus the lather of twenty- 
 seven children. He lias now eighty grand- 
 children and five great-grand children. He is 
 an exemplary member of the Catholic church, 
 and ho and liis fanuly are constant attendants 
 iqidii St. Mary's, of this city. 
 
 GEORGE BUCK 
 
 Was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 
 1799; married the daughter of the Hon. Martin 
 Shell, one of the most ]iromincnt men of his 
 day in Pennsylvania. 
 
 Mr. Buck moved to Richland county, Oluo, 
 in 1833, purchased a farm, remained there until 
 tlie year 1848, at which time he removed to 
 Erie, in Monroe county ; was a prosperous 
 farmer; died in 1859, leaving ten children sur- 
 viving him — four sons now residing in Mon- 
 tana, two in California, two sons in the State of 
 Ohio ; one daughter who married Horatio M. 
 Hurd,a prosperous and highly esteemed farmer 
 of the town of Frenchtown, Monroe county, 
 now deceased ; and Levi Buck, who was one ot 
 the enterprising and fortunate men who sought 
 the gold mines of California in the year 1850 ; 
 came to Moni-oe in the fall of 1851 ; purchased 
 one of the most desirable farms of one hundred 
 and forty-nine acres on the south bank of the 
 River Raisin, two and one half miles west of 
 the city of Monroe, in January, 1852. He has 
 erected thereon a very fine two-story brick 
 mansion, has a fine oi'chard of fruit, timbered 
 land and highly cultivated fields, with every 
 comfoi't that money and good husbandry can 
 secure. " Buck's cider '' will be pleasantly re- 
 membered by the present generation, 
 
 Mr. Levi Buck in 1863 married Miss Frances 
 Amanda Snell, of Ida, Monroe county. They 
 have two sons, one of whom is a graduate of 
 the Monroe Union school ; the other is com- 
 pleting his education therein. 
 
 LEOPOLD HOFFMAN, 
 
 Who, for over thirty years, was one of the 
 business men of Monroe, was born in Oestrin- 
 gen, Baden, Germany, November 28, 1810. 
 His parents, Anthony and Francesca (Rizer) 
 Hoffman, died when he was but nine years 
 of age, leaving him in the care of a brother- 
 in-law, with whom be lived until he was 
 about t^venty-three years old, and from whom 
 he learned the trade of a baker. He sailed ^ 
 from Rotterdam for the Lhiitod States in { 
 December, 1S39, and on his arrival in America 
 worked his way to Monroe, being nearly a 
 year on the Ohio canal. On his reaching Mon- 
 roe, he engaged in the business of a baker 
 until in 1844, he went back to Germany to set- 
 tle the estate of his father and receive his por- 
 tion of the paternal patrimony, which, during 
 all these years, had remained intact in the 
 hands of guardians, trustees and administra- 
 tors. After an absence of a year be returned 
 to Monroe, and was married November 18, 
 1845, in St. Mary's church, by the Rev. P. M. 
 Francis, o( the Order of the Redemptorists, 
 and assistant to Rev. Father Louis Gillett, to 
 Stephania. daughter of Sebastian and Frances 
 (Resteren) Lammlin, whose death occurred 
 May 28, 1872. Their children were: An- 
 thony, born October 29, 1846 ; Saraphena, April 
 11,1848; Mathilda, February 18, 1850; John 
 Leopold, March 5, 1852 ; Bernard, October 22, 
 1854; Joseph Sebastian, November 28, 1856; 
 Francis Joseph, January 4, 1859; William 
 Aloyse, February 22, 1861 ; Helena Francesca, 
 July 23, 1862 ; Clara Augusta, October 8, 1864 ; 
 Henry Daniel, May 20, 1867 ; Edward, Decem- 
 ber 19, 1869 ; and Anna Theresa, May 20, 1872. 
 Of these, three have died, Anthony, Helena 
 and Anna Theresa. Those living in Monroe 
 are ; Sarapliena, who married Maj' 19, 1868, 
 to Sebastian Lauer, proprietor of a pojiular 
 restaurant and grocery on Front street; 
 Mathilda, married April 17, 1872, to Benjamin 
 Stum, whose restaurant is located in the third 
 ward, opposite the Lake Shore and Michigan 
 Southern passenger depot; John Leopold, pro- 
 prietor of a restaurant on Washington street, 
 and who married Miss Elizabeth Weier, No- 
 vember 16, 1880; Joseph Sebastian, dealer in 
 clothing and gent's furnishing goods on Front 
 street ; Clara Augusta, married May 31, 1887, 
 to Frank Yaeger, a partner in Yaeger & Son, 
 
;<^..-^^ 
 
 ^^// //^ // // 
 
c:. 
 
 •^|^^^-^-/V '^^^^^^^^-^ <^ >^^1^V^ 
 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 489 
 
 on Front street, ami one of the oldi-sl bimt :uul 
 slioe houses in Monroe; Henry Daniel, pro])rie- 
 toi' of a millinery and notion store on Front 
 street, in a block built by Mr. Hoffman, and 
 nmrried to Mary Knauf August 16, 188(i ; 
 l-'rancis Joseph, of the firm of Frank J. & \Vm. 
 ,\. Hoffman, hardware dealers at Fenton, 
 Michigan, and who was married April 18, 
 1880. to Jane, daughter of Tonias Maxwell, one 
 of the old .settlers of Fenton ; Kdward, living 
 with his brother Francis in Fenton ; Beriuird. 
 in business at LaSalle, and married May 16, 
 1876, to Elizabeth Kremer : William Aloyse, 
 in i)artnership with his brother at Fenton, 
 .Miihigan. ComiTig to Monroe when but a 
 young man, Mr. Hoffman opened a grocery 
 store, bakery and restaurant, and by his strict 
 integrity and careful attention to business, 
 built up a large and prosperous trade, and 
 while of a generous disposition and kind and 
 liberal to his famil\-, was, without being at all 
 miserly, very saving and economical in his 
 habits, thus enabling him to accumulate a large 
 competence for his declining years. While 
 Mr. Hofl'man took no active part in politics, he 
 was well known as a strict Democrat. In re- 
 ligion he was a member of the Roman Catholic 
 faith, and for many j-cars trustee of St. Michael's 
 Church, to the erection of which he liberally 
 contributed Irom his means, and his entire 
 life, during his residence in Monroe, was such 
 that in 1874, he returned to Europe for 
 the purpose of enjoying the fruits of his ac- 
 tive business life of over thirty years, and dic<l 
 in Oestringen. Baden, November 5, 1874. As 
 an honest and upright citizen, a faithful friend, 
 and a kind and loving father, his loss was 
 mourned by a large and interesting family of 
 children and grandchildren, as well as by a 
 numerous circle of .S3'mpathizing friends, who 
 were prevented from pa^'ing to his momor^- the 
 last tribute of fi-iendship and respect by i-ea- 
 son of his i-emains being buried in his native 
 town. 
 
 JO.SEPII WKIER 
 
 Was born in .March, .\. D. 1822, at Grand Duke 
 I lesser, on the Rhine; married l^izzie Vogel ; 
 came to Monroe in 1849. For a number of 
 years kept a store, bo.irding hou.se and saloon 
 on West Front Street; was engaged fifteeTi 
 years in cultivating a vineyard, and (<jr many 
 
 years manufactured from two to five thousand 
 gallons of wine that were sent to ilealers in 
 New York and Philadelphia. He is appreci- 
 ated !(y the citizens of .Moni-oe as a man of 
 strict integrity; has been honored by their 
 suffrages to the offices of treasurer of the city 
 and alderman ; was elected and served 
 as a member of the State legislature in 
 1869 and 1870. He has two daughters living; 
 retii'ed from business, and with a competency 
 is living at ease on the interest of his invest- 
 ment. 
 
 .\N"TON D.VrBEK 
 
 Was born in Baden, (lermany; came to this 
 Country in 1851, remained about one year in 
 New York, and then came to Monroe, where 
 ho was married in 1856, and resided here up to 
 the time of his death, leaving a widow and seven 
 children. Mr Daiber was a devoted Catholic, 
 an honest and conscientious business man, 
 quiet an<l unostentatious in his habits. Was 
 the treasurer of our city, and always enjoyed 
 the respect and good will of the entire commu- 
 nity. He erected the large three-story brick 
 store on West Front Street, in which he con- 
 ducted a prosperous business. By his industry 
 and close attention to business accumulated a 
 handsome fortune, leaving his family in very 
 comfortable circumstances to continue in 
 business 
 
 CHRISTIAN F. BECK 
 
 Was born in Wurtemburg, (lermany, August 
 20, 1820. Settled in Monroe in 1846. worked 
 at his trade, blacksmithing, until 1852. While 
 ratifying the nomination of Franklin Pierce 
 for the presidency, the old cannon which 
 stands on the public s(|uai'e in front of the 
 court house was |)i-ematurely discharged, 
 killing .losv]ih Stevincr and maiming Mr. 
 15e(d{. Mr, I5eck was repeatedly honored 
 with public offices of trust and responsibility. 
 Was collector of the port of Monroe from 185X 
 to 1857; ta.\ collector of the 1st ward; city 
 marshal from 1860 to 1868, and alderman of 
 the 1st ward in 1871 and 1872, In 1865 en- 
 gaged in lumbei- business, and in 1876 formed 
 a copartnership with his, son, Charles W. Heck, 
 and the firm became C. F, Heck c*i: Son, The 
 ,son, Charles, continues the business, one of 
 
400 HISTORY OF MONROF COUNTV, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tlio lai-iiost :>ih1 must sucocssl'iil Imsiiioss estab- ami at one tiiuo luastor of tlio lodtje. lie dioil 
 
 lisliiiKMits in (be county, having rocontly leaving a wiilow, ono sou and one dauglitor. 
 
 adiiod to the yards an extensive planing mill 
 
 witli all the modern im]>rovements. 
 
 Mr. C. V. Heck was n good and loyal citizen, .lOHN STUMT 
 
 a careful business man, and in his dealings as ^^-.^^ ^j,,,.,, ,„ \v,„-,,.,nlun-, (icr.UMuv, .lanua.•^• 
 
 a private citizen or public otlicer, his honesty ^ ^3^,3. ,.^,,,_^. ,,, jj^,,^^,^,^, ,,„„„,- Z ,,,,,|^,,| i",, 
 
 was beyon.l question ; was very sociable, and ,,,.i^. ,,.,,,^,^.^,j ,,,_.^^. .^^^.^^^^ j.^^. ^;,^j^,^ ,^^. ,^^|,|^ 
 
 one of the best known men in the county, llo ,,,^, j,^,,^,,,, ,,^,.^,.jj,^, j,^^, ,ig„,„„,,. ..f Gen. An- 
 
 diod June :i, 1S87, leaving a widow, (our a. ow Jackson, dated October 1, 1835. Married 
 
 dausjhters and six sons, with a very liand.-- 
 
 Matilda J. Letford, born May 19, 1817, wh 
 
 competency. . ^..^„,^> („ Monroe county in 1834, from State of 
 
 New York ; were members of the Presbyterian 
 
 church. Their children, John J., born No- 
 vember ."), 183'), resides in JIi>nroe county; 
 
 LEAVIS DARK.XH Cliristian II., born April 7, 1838, resides in 
 
 Tennessee; .lames II.. born August 23, 184(1. 
 AVas born in Fulton county, I'eniisj-lvauia. April died .liiiie 11. 1872; (ieorge (i., born .)uly22, 
 27, 1807; learned the trade of a tanner with 1812, resides in Ottawa county, Ohio; Hannah 
 his father; came to JMonroe in October, K.. born .lannary 24, ISot! ; irenry 11., horn 
 1833, and engaged in the same business on the iMarch 14, 18.")9; the two last named arc resi- 
 present site of Caux & Stiles' mill, near the Mon- dents of Monroe county, (ieorge (i., James 
 i-oe street bridge. Subsequently purchased what K. and .lohii J. serveil in (he war of the rebel- 
 is now known as the Letler farm, on the south lion, (ieoi'ge was a member ol the I'lightccntli 
 side of Olto creek. In 184t> he was elected Michigan Infantry ; he was confined in prison 
 supervisor; in 1847 was elected to the State six months and relea.sed at the close of the 
 legislature ; was re-elected supervisor in 1849. war. James K. was a member of the Mighty- 
 He returned to the city and in 1854 bought the sixth .Regiment (if Ohio Yolunteer Infantry, 
 property on Monroe street, where he resided .lolm J. was a memlier of the Seventeenth 
 up to the time of his death. He was a .lack- Regiment Michigan Inl'anti-y. All were honora- 
 sonian democrat in ]>olitics, and the approach bly discharged at the close of the war. 
 of a campaign always aroused his interest to The wile of John Stump, Clara .Newman, 
 the highest degree. Filled the office of county traces her ancestry to France, and her ])arents 
 treasurer, and was elected several times to the were engaged in our Revolutionary struggle, 
 office of justice of the peace, which he held at Mr. Stump, in 1871, visited (ierman}', was 
 his death. In his younger days was greatly cordially welcomed by the friends of his youth, 
 mterestoii in military affairs, as a captain of but after an absence of fifty years found but 
 voluuteers in the •' Toledo war," and delighted eight living. When the family tirst settled in 
 in narrating the amusing and ludicrous inci- Monroe county lluv frecpjently entertained 
 dents of that bloodless campaign. He was a Indians at their table, and were ever on pleas- 
 member of the Masonic fraternity many years, ant terms witli them 
 
r> 
 
 ^^ 
 
 
 ^^/oyTylA- ^y^^/yyx4iy 
 
CHAPTER XXXVII. 
 
 TIIK I'RKSS OF MONUOK. 
 
 AHlSTOliV of tlu' Pivss of Monroe county 
 must nocossarily embrace imicli conoern- 
 ini;- some of its ablest and most useful men 
 that have been numbered among its i-esidents 
 since the first newspaper was launched upon 
 the sea of fortune. 
 
 Early in the summer of 1825. Edward I). 
 Ellis, a youni( man of about twenty-four years, 
 arrived in .Monroe from Hutt'alo, briiiijins? with 
 liiin a printing press and type for a newspaper. 
 The arrival of the printing material and the 
 |)rospect of a newspaper was especially gratify- 
 inic to the inhabitants of the j'oung and 
 growing town, and they gave Mr. Ellis a right 
 cordial welcome. A location was pi-oeured for 
 him, and the tirst number .soon appeared under 
 the name of the Monroe Sentinel, it being the 
 second paper started in thi! then 'I'lTritory of 
 of Michigan; tlie only otliei- jiaper prinleil 
 in the Territory at that time being the Detroit 
 Free Press. Mr. Ellis was a native of Niles. 
 X. Y. lie served an apprenticeslii]) in Au- 
 burn, that Stale. He was a close observer, and 
 kept a daily record of his doings and imjires- 
 sions. This habit of journalizing helped him to 
 become one of the ablest an<l most fireiblc 
 ■writers of the west. 
 
 The method of printing a newspaper in 
 those early times was by no means what it is 
 at the ]iresent day; the paper having to l)e 
 lirinted on a hand press, and the ink applied 
 with hanil pads or ''beaters.'' The man who 
 li:id the nerve to take a newspaper oiilfit into 
 a country- so sparsely settled as was .Monroe 
 county at that time, expecting to create and 
 maintain a home and rear a family, might be 
 expected to possess qualities which would make 
 him a valuable addition to such a community. 
 .■\nd so it proved with Mr. Ellis. 
 
 The Sentinel .soon commanded a large pat- 
 ronage, and as Ellis was an anient Democrat, 
 the dominant party of those days, he was soon 
 brought into prominence. Me took an aetive 
 
 interest in all that pertained to the welfare of 
 the growing community, and did much to 
 build up the southern part of the Slate. 
 
 Mr. Ellis was married in Monroe, in 1830, 
 and afterwards the Sentinel was for a long 
 lime printed in a building which stood on the 
 ground now occupied by the store of N. N. 
 Kendal, and which served both as a printing 
 office and residence for Mr. Ellis and his young 
 family. He was several times elected to the 
 Territorial and State Eegislatures, arid was a 
 member of the Constitutional Conveniion. in 
 which boilj' he took a prominent part, and was 
 the author of the statute then adojited and 
 since remaining a part of our organic law, 
 and which has become a law in several other 
 States; That monies ]iaid as fines in criminal 
 offenses and misdemeanors should be devoted to 
 purchasing and maintaining public libraries in 
 every town and city. 
 
 In 1886 Ellis sold his jiaper in Monroe to 
 Abner Morton & Sons, ami removed to J.)etroit, 
 wliere he published a paper called the Ameri- 
 can Vineyard. He died in Detroit in 1848, one 
 of the best known ami most influential .jour- 
 nalists in Michigan. 
 
 In 1834 Abner Morton and family came to 
 Monroe from ■' York Slate," bringing a print- 
 ing press and newspa))cr outfit with them, and 
 at once commenced the publication of a j)aper 
 known as the Monroe Journal, A. Morton & 
 Sons, publishers, and Abner Morion editor. 
 After publishing the Journal a year or two, 
 the .Mortons sidil it to E. J. Vanburn, who re- 
 moved it to Pontiac, and Abner Morion 
 removed to Detroit to take edit<n-ial charge of 
 the Free Press, then a weekly paper published 
 hv Sheldon McKnight. ami which was just 
 blossoming into a daily. In Fcbruar\-, 18.S(), 
 the Free Press changed hands, and Mr. Mor- 
 ton returned to Monroe and ])urchascd the 
 Sentinel, changing its name to the .Monroe Ad- 
 vacate. Mr. Morton and his sons continued 
 
 [491] 
 
492 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the publication of the Adrocnte until 1S:;9, 
 when they sold it to a company consisting of 
 L. S. Humphrey, A. E. Wing, Alpheus Folch, 
 and some others, who conducted it through 
 the "Woodbridgc and Ecforin" campaign, 
 changing its name to the Monroe Times. Dur- 
 ing this campaign the paper was edited by 
 C. C. Jackson, afterwards one of the editors of 
 the Free Press, and later a pay director in the 
 United States navy with the rank of colonel, 
 Mr. Felch being an occasional contributor. 
 After the campaign the Mortons Iwught the 
 office back for just half the sum paid for it. 
 The new firm was B. CI. Morton & Co., with 
 Abner Morton as editor. On January 1, 1841, 
 the name was changed back to the Monroe 
 Advocate ; the paper was continued under that 
 name, with Abner Morton as editor, until 184:9, 
 when its name was again changed to the Mon- 
 roe Commercial, and E. G. Morton assuined 
 editorial and business control, its politics re- 
 maining the same. 
 
 Soon after the last purchase of the paper by 
 tlie Mortons, a new press was obtained, and A. 
 C. Morton took the old Ellis press to Angola, 
 Indiana, where he published a paper for a 
 time, and subsequently removed it to Sand- 
 wich, Ontario, when he sold it. Abner Morton 
 proved himself an intelligent and able gentle- 
 man, and a very forcible and vigorous writer. 
 He died in Monroe in 1861 or 1862. 
 
 The j)ublication of the Commercial was con- 
 tinued by E. (i. Morton until 1856, when it 
 was sold to a syndicate of Republicans, and 
 converted into a Republican paper. 
 
 In 1836 an attempt was made to establish a 
 Whig paper in Monroe, it being called the Ga- 
 zette, and edited by a Mr. Hosmer, afterwards 
 for a number of years editor of the Toledo 
 Blade. The paper afterwards passed into the 
 hands of Charles Lauman, but lived only a 
 short time. In 1848 another Whig paper was 
 started by W. H. Briggs & Co., and called the 
 Monroe Sentinel. It was also short-lived. The 
 Monroe Citizen was another that enjoyed a 
 brief career. Immediately after the purchase 
 of the Commercial \)y the sj'ndicate, it passed 
 into the hands of Thomas S. Clark, and was 
 edited during that memorable Fremont cam- 
 paign by lion. Isaac P. Christiancj^ and Edwin 
 Willits. Mr. Christiancy was then an attorney- 
 at-law in Monroe, and Mr. Willits a young 
 lawyer associated with him. Both were able 
 
 writei's and made a strong editorial team. The 
 paper immediately came to the front as one 
 of the ablest Republican papers of the State. 
 After this campaign Mr. Willits continued as 
 the editor of the paper, and T. S. Clark its 
 publisher, until the early spring of 1860, when 
 M. D. Hamilton assumed editorial control, 
 having formed a business partnership with 
 Mr. Clark under the style of Clark & Hamilton. 
 This was the year that Abraham Lincoln was 
 nominated and elected to the Presidency of 
 the ITnited States. A year later the country 
 was plunged into a civil war, and at the first 
 call to arms, Mr. Clark, who had had military 
 experience in the campaign against Mexico, 
 offered his sei'vice to his country and marched 
 to the front as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixth 
 Michigan Infantry, Mr. Hamilton purchasing 
 the establishment and continuing the publica- 
 tion of the pajjcr. From this time until Feb- 
 ruary 1, 1888, the Commercial maintained its 
 leading position in Michigan journalism under 
 the guiding hand of M. D. Hamilton and M. 
 1). Hamilton & Sons, 
 
 Milo Dwight Hamilton, the eldest son of 
 Samuel W. Hamilton, like many other Michi- 
 gan men, is New England born, having first 
 seen the light of day at Blandford, Hampden 
 county, Massachusetts, October 5, 1828. At 
 the age of seven years his parents sought the 
 Territory of Michigan, settling on a farm two 
 miles from the present village of Homer, and 
 here his boj-hood was passed. The couiitr}' 
 district schools, the village schools of Homer 
 and one term in an academy in the old bank 
 building, were his means of education, and in 
 1846 he began the world for himself as an 
 apprentice to Seth Lewis, of the Marshal 
 Statesman In 1849 he was foreman of the 
 Liberty Fress, a " free soil " paper published at 
 Battle Creek, when the entire plant was de- 
 stroyed by fire. He went to Detroit in the 
 summer of 1850 and was employed on the staflf 
 of the Detroit Free Press, then under editorial 
 charge of the famous Wilbur F. Storey. One 
 year later he became commercial reporter on 
 the Detroit Advertiser, under the charge of 
 Rufus Hosmer. In 1856 the Detroit Board of 
 Trade was organized, Mr, Hamilton being one 
 of its organizers and its first secretary, a posi- 
 tion he had as long as he remained in Detroit. 
 In 1858 he became commercial reporter on the 
 Cincinnati Enquirer, and retained that position 
 
THE PRESS or MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 493 
 
 till IKfiO. Ill the latter year he cnme to Mon- 
 roe to take editorial charge of the Commercial, 
 which was then an old paper, and which had 
 previouslj- been edited by Messrs. f'hristiancy 
 and Willits. lie subsequently became a part 
 owner of the paper. an<l later its sole proprie- 
 tor, and continued to edit and publish the 
 Commercial until February, 1888. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton's politics were Uepublicaii, and 
 his jiaper was one of the representative Repub- 
 lican papers of Southern Michigan. In 1864 
 he was appointed by Governor Austin Blair 
 one of the commissioners of election to take 
 the vote of the soldiers in the field. He was 
 assigned to the Seventh Michigan Infantry and 
 the First Michigan vSharp-shootcrs, then with 
 the army of General Grant before Petersburg. 
 Ill 1870 he was commissioned postmaster of 
 Monroe hv (ieneral (irant, and held the posi- 
 tion four j-ears. He is a member of the New 
 Jerusalem Church ( Swedenborgian) ; belongs 
 to the Ancient Order United Workmen, 
 Knights of Honor, and Michigan Sanhedrim. 
 
 He was married in Detroit in 1852 to Mrs. 
 Eveline S. Rawson. They had one chilil, Frank 
 I). Hamilton, now of Hurand, Florida. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton is a graceful and forcible 
 writer, an<l his work upon the Commercial was 
 always distinguished bj' a genuine courtesy to 
 his brothern of the press, which made and kept 
 them his friends. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton's connection with the Commer- 
 cial covered a period of almo.st tvi-entj^-eight 
 years. When he took charge of the Commercial 
 in 1860 it was a four-page sheet, with a circu- 
 lation of less than five hundred ; a few years 
 later the plant was materially enlarged and im- 
 jiroved, and the circulation ran up to more than 
 fifteen hundred copies, and weilded a powerful 
 influence in social and political circles, and was 
 looked u])on as one of the best conducted Repub- 
 lican jiapors in the State. In 1885 Messrs. Ham- 
 ilton it Son started a daily edition of the Com- 
 mercial. The daily enjoyed a liberal circula- 
 tion and advertising ])atronage, l)Ut the field 
 was too limited, and it was di.-iconlinued. 
 February 1, 1888, Mr. Hamilton sold the Com- 
 mercial to Mrs. Josie D. KImer, of Defiance, 
 Ohio, who is still its owner. 
 
 But let us go liack to the anli-belluni days 
 and trace the ups an<l downs of other news- 
 paper ventures. 
 
 In the fall of 1850, after the sale of the Com- 
 
 mercial to the Re])ublicans by Mr. Morton, a 
 Democratic paper called the Northern Press was 
 started by A. C. Salsbury, and edited bj^ E. G. 
 Morton. On the breaking out of the war in 
 1801, Mr. Salsbury sold the paper to Titus 
 Babcock and went into the army. Mr. Bah- 
 cock, who, by the way, was a Eepublican, pub- 
 lished the Press about a y^ear as a neutral or- 
 gan, and then removed the plant to Hmlson, 
 Lenawee count}', where he issued a paper called 
 the Hudson Herald. 
 
 In the fall of 1802 E. G. Morton started an- 
 other Democratic paper called the Monroe 
 Monitor. This was continued by Mr. Morton 
 as its editor and publisher until his death, 
 w-hich occuiTcd in 1875, something over thir- 
 teen j'ears, when it passed into the hands of F. 
 B. Lee and J. H. Kurz, who continued its pub- 
 lication until the Morton estate was settled, 
 when it passed into the hands of Mr. Kurz. 
 
 The death of Edward G. Morton closed tbo 
 career of one of the oldest and ablest news- 
 pai)er men Michigan ever had ; one identified 
 with the press of Monroe, an<l consequently 
 everything pertaining to Monroe for a period 
 of nearly forty years. He was born in Burl- 
 ington, Vermont, in 1811. Came to Monroe in 
 1854, and from that time until his death, which 
 occurred December 11,1875, was, with one or 
 two intervals, continuously in the business, and 
 for nearly thirt3'-five j'ears of that time was 
 editor and either sole or part owner of the paper 
 he edited. He was repeatedly honored by his 
 party in elections to places of influence and 
 trust. He was elected mayor of the city in 
 1851 ; was a member of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives daring the sessions of 1849, 1850, 
 1853, 1863. 1804 and 1865; was a member of 
 the constitutional convention in 1857, and rep- 
 resented the county in the State senate during 
 the terms of 1809, 1870, 1871, and 1872. Ho 
 was a representative Democrat in all the bodies 
 and a leader in his party ; well known and 
 highly esteemed by all. He was recognized as 
 a forcible writer and speaker. Ho continued 
 to write for his paper almost up to the day of 
 his death. 
 
 Ne.xt to E. (i. Morton as a newspaper man 
 long in service in the city of .Monroe comes Mr. 
 .1. Henry Kurz. 
 
 In a quiet, unostentatious but eminently 
 effectual manner, John Henry Kurz has prob- 
 ably wichled as great an inHiience upon the 
 
494 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 newspaper fortuiiesof Monroe City as any man 
 connected with the j)rofession, unless, possibly, 
 it 1)6 Mr. Morton, and for long-th of service he 
 ranks next to Mr. Morton. 
 
 His f:ither, Henry Kur/,, was a Bavarian, 
 who moved to Monroe county early in the his- 
 tory of the State, settling first in La Salle town- 
 ship, removing thence toEaisinville and finally 
 to this city, where he died at a ripe old age a 
 few years since. 
 
 J. Henry Kur/. was born in Monroe county 
 December 7, 1843. His boyhood was spent in 
 the citj^; his education ac(|uired in the Trinity 
 Church School. At the age of fourteen he en- 
 tei'ed the Commercial office, under Thomas S. 
 Clark, to learn the jjrinter's trade. He worked 
 at the case here till 1863, when he spent some 
 years in traveling, working upon various news- 
 papers in Detroit, Miciiigan, St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri, and at several cities in Illinois. Return- 
 ing to Monroe in 1868, he entered the employ 
 of M. D. Hamilton and worked upon the Com- 
 mercial for some time, and later upon the 
 Monitor, under E. G. Morton ; in 1872 he pur- 
 chased an interest in the Monitor, the firm then 
 being Morton, Lee & Kurz. In 1876 he pur- 
 chased the entire stock of the 31onitor and be- 
 came its sole proprietor. Mr. Morton having 
 died in 1875, and Mr. Lee being retained by 
 Mr. Kurz as editor. In 1880 the Monitor plant 
 was sold to the Democrat Printing and Pub- 
 lishing Company, of which corporation Mr. 
 Kurz became the .secretary and treasurer, 
 which position he .still holds. 
 
 He was married July 18, 1873, to Miss Lj'dia 
 Mohr, of Monroe. Three children are the re- 
 sults of this union: Martha, born 1874; Henrj- 
 .v., born 1876, and Edward C, born 1879. He 
 has represented his ward, the second, upon the 
 board of aldermen, and was noted as being one 
 of the best informed and conservative members 
 of that body ; a careful student of municipal 
 law, and a persistent champion of every meas- 
 ure calculated to benefit the city. 
 
 For a number of years he was the assistant 
 chief engineer of the fire department, and in 
 May, 1889, was unanimously- elected its chief 
 engineer. A newspaper career of over thirty 
 years, the better part of which has been in 
 Monroe, and his efficient public services have 
 made him universal!}' known and as univer- 
 sally esteemed. 
 
 In February, 1880, a stock conijjan}- com- 
 
 posed of leading Democrats of the city, was 
 organized and incorporated. The Monitor was 
 purchased, additional material supplied, a sur- 
 plus cash capital in bank, and the Monroe 
 Democrat, an eight-page, forty-eight-column 
 paper, made its appearance on March 17th fol- 
 lowing. The companj- put the entire control 
 of the affairs of the office in the hands of D. R. 
 Crampton as editor and business manager, and 
 J. H. Kurz as secretary and treasurer. The 
 Democrat took rank from the first among the 
 ablest weekly .Democratic papers of the State, 
 which 2)08ition it continues to maintain ; and its 
 circulation reaching the highest figure of anv 
 paper ever published in Moiiroe county ; and 
 that, in active competition with nearly a dozt'U 
 dailies from Detroit, Toledo and Chicago, and 
 more than twice that number of weeklies. 
 
 In 1858 a German paper was started in 
 .^[onroe called the Unahharngige, with J)r. 
 Edward Dorsch as editor. This paper was 
 continued only a few months, and on its ruins, 
 in 1859, the Stoats Zeitung was started, with 
 Dr. Dorsch in the editorial chair. This paper 
 lived a year or more, meeting with phenomenal 
 success for the times, but it was stranded by 
 bad financial management and its'publication 
 discontinued. Dr. Dorsch was for very many 
 j'cars known as one of the most successful phj- 
 sicians of Monroe, and his reputation as a 
 writer of verse and prose, and as a scientist, 
 became familiar in this country and Europe. 
 
 In 1874 a monthly paper for children, called 
 the Little Diamond, was started. It was pub- 
 lished by two 3-oung men from Toledo, Ohio, 
 and edited by the Misses AVhelpley. The com- 
 position and press-work was done at the Covu 
 merciaioffice. Notwitlistanding its publishers 
 had great hopes of its becoming a leader of 
 juvenile literature, it soon ceased to sparkle. 
 
 In October, 1877, the daily Itemizer made its 
 appearance. It made a great liit as a liveh" 
 society paper, but a libel suit ended its career. 
 
 In 1878 George A. Cowan, a bright and s]iir- 
 ited writer, establislied the Monroe Ledger, the 
 organ of the Greenback party of the county, 
 but after struggling hard for a year or moi'e, 
 it sank beneath the newspaper horizon never 
 again to come to the surface. Mr. Cowan 
 worked his paper upon a home-made hand- 
 press constructed almost entirely of wood, 
 which his colored assistant dubbed " the half 
 medium cider press." Every impression was 
 
THE PRESS OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 495 
 
 registered by the most terribU- creaking noise 
 imaginable, as if the spirit of Franklin was 
 entering its protest against such a contrivance 
 in this day and generation. It is reported to 
 have become the victim of a charttel mortgage. 
 After the Monitor passed into the hands of 
 the Democrat Company, Fred. B. Lee estab- 
 lished the Monroe Index. This was in the fall 
 of ISSl. It was a sprightly sheet at first, but 
 inertia soon overtook it and its grave was an 
 early one. The material went to Lansing to 
 start a Gi-oenbaok pajier. 
 
 The newspaper ventures of Monroe county 
 have not been entirely confined to the city of 
 Monroe. As the western part of the county 
 became prosperous and populous the thriving 
 towns ol Dundee and Petersburgh came to 
 think a newspaper in their midst was essential 
 to the business interests of those towns. In 
 answer to this demand, in 1872 John Cheever 
 established a paper called the Enterprise, in 
 Dundee. After about a year he sold to L. B. 
 
 . Smith ; the latter, after three months' experi- 
 
 * ence sold to AY. W. Cook, who, in 1875. re- 
 moved the office to Leslie and estalilished the 
 Local, and run it for a number of ^'cars. In 
 May, 1876, H. Egabroad started the Dundee 
 Reporter. In August, 1882, he sold to J. E. 
 Carr, who still conducts the paper, making it a 
 faithlul mirror of the transactions of the enter- 
 prising town in which it is located. In 1881 
 l-'rancis Brooks commenced the publication of 
 ilie Dundee Ledger. In 1883 he sold the sub- 
 scription list to Mr. Carr and removed the 
 plant to some other town. The Reporter has 
 proved a success. 
 
 Petersburgh has also had considerable news- 
 pa])er experience. Its first paper was estab- 
 lished in 1871 by Henry F. Gage & Company, 
 and called The Avalanche. It survived a jear 
 and a half, when it was cleaned out by tire. In 
 
 I 1876 J. W. Seeley started tlie River Raisin 
 Clarion. This paper went the wtxy countr}- 
 papers usually go — b}' chattel mortgage — in 
 less than si.x months. In 1881 I. 1). Boardman, 
 
 I the " boy soldier," launched the Petersburg 
 Bulletin, whicli still cnjoj-s a liberal i>atronage. 
 In 1883 the Weekly Journal was started, but in 
 about four months it was burned out, and re- 
 established in 188-1 by O. C. Bacon & Brollier, 
 who ran it two years and sold to E. A. txilbert, 
 who still runs it. The papers, like that of 
 Dundee, are mainly devoted to the local affairs 
 
 of the town, and like all papers of their class, 
 are doing a good work in educating, helping 
 and encouraging the communities in which 
 the}- are published. 
 
 DARirs RALPH CRAMPTON. 
 
 The biographies of several of the gentlemen 
 who have in the past been editorially connected 
 with the press in Monroe, are elsewhere given ; 
 but the history of the press of Monroe City 
 would be incomplete without some further 
 mention of the subject of this sketch, who has 
 brought to a profitable and successful issue the 
 latest attempt in the journalistic field — the 
 Monroe Democrat. 
 
 Mr. Crampton, in the cpiality of his nature, 
 betrays the strain of Latin blood inherited 
 from his mother, while the paternal Anglo- 
 Saxon characteristic is shown in his hatred of 
 sham, and his persistence in any cau.se which 
 his judgment commends as correct. His life 
 has been a varied one, and the holiday element 
 greatly lacking. His father, William C. Cramp- 
 ton, was educated as a Connecticut clergyman, 
 and wasol a race of Presb3'terian clergymen, a 
 brother, R. S. Crampton, having at one time 
 had charge of the Presbyterian church of Mon- 
 roe. His mother was born at Havre, France. 
 D. R. Crampton was born at Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, August 20, 1844. While but a small 
 child his parents removed to Michigan, settling 
 at first in Detroit, and later in St. Clair. The 
 Crampton family consisted of five sons and 
 seven daughters. The children availed them- 
 selves of such facilities for education as a 
 raiher peripatetic life afforded them, though at 
 that perioil the educational advantages of 
 Michigan were not what they are now. 
 
 At the age of fourteen D. R. was the pos- 
 sessor of a limited education and an unlimited 
 appetite, and felt the necessity of finding some 
 niche in the world where he could procure a 
 living for himself. He "cntto the Lake Supe- 
 rior region, then an almost unbroken wilder- 
 ness, and labored for three j-ears. In some of 
 his journeys he passed two hundred miles to 
 the northward of the lake, penetrating a region 
 that is yet almost a terra incognito. At the age 
 of seventeen a shattered thigh put an end for a 
 time to his labor and brought him back to St. 
 (Jiair. Here, while the result of his accident 
 
496 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 was yet inihciiled, and lie was liobbliuir about 
 on crutches, lie entered tbe office of the St. 
 Clair Chief as " devil," earning the munificent 
 sum of thirty-six dollars per year. At the 
 termination of the year the salary failed to 
 materialize. The jiolitical pot was seething 
 and bubbling, the war begun, when young 
 Crampton, by a eonibinatiim of circumstances, 
 found himself the publisher of the St. Clair 
 Bepublican. Hard work during the day failed 
 to keep the paper going and was supplemented 
 by hours of night work. It was the era of 
 that poetical but exceedingly unsatisfactory 
 illuminator, the tallow dip, and its steady use 
 began to tell on the young man's eyesight. 
 Another disadvantage beset him. Coming to- 
 ward manhood, he realized the scantiness of 
 his early education, and hours that nature 
 required for rest were taken for study. Dis- 
 satisfied with himself he gave up the Bepublican 
 and coming to Detroit took cases upon the 
 Detroit Free Press. In the early years of the 
 war the oil excitement broke out in Canada 
 and he went to Oil Springs, and " got out " the 
 first newspaper in the country demoted to the 
 crude oil interest — the Oil Springs Chronicle. 
 
 With the cessation of the oil flurry he severed 
 his connection with this paper and went to St. 
 Catherines, Ont., arriving there when that place 
 was a center of refuge for both northern and 
 southern rebels, and a nest in which many 
 treasonable plans were hatched. His experi- 
 ence as a newspaper man had made him an 
 expert at obtaining information, and his un- 
 compromising union sentiment had prompted 
 himto communicate to the secret service officers 
 of the United States Government located in 
 that city. He remained at St. Catherines seve- 
 ral months engaged in the dangerous business. 
 
 The following spring he went east, bearing 
 letters to Horace Greeley. Previous to going 
 to New York City, he visited a number of the 
 large cities of the east. On his arrival at New 
 York he presented his letters to the veneralile 
 editor of the Tribiine, and was cordially re- 
 ceived. Greeley offered him several positions 
 of responsibility, but feeling keenly his: phys- 
 ical inability, he hesitated to accept. He be- 
 came acquainted with the elder James Gordon 
 Bennett, of the Herald, met Henry M. Stanley, 
 the African explorer, then a newspaper re- 
 porter, and other newspajjer notables. He was 
 an eye witness of the terrible draft riots in the 
 
 city, passed up the Hudson Kiver to Troy and 
 there saw a similar scene, hut lacking the ter- 
 ror of numbers which marked the metropolitan 
 ementi. Settling in one of the suburban por- 
 tions of Troy — the village of Lansingburg — 
 he embarked in two enterprises, one journalistic 
 the other matrimonial. The latter was his mar- 
 riage to Miss Louise Bradshaw, on New Year's 
 Day, 186G. For several years after his mar- 
 riage he was connected in various capacities 
 with a number of the leading papers of the 
 country. 
 
 In 1872 he came to Monroe as foreman of the 
 Monroe Commercial. He soon became favor- 
 ably known as thorougblj- skilled in all the 
 details of his craft and as a forcible writer. 
 The death of E. G. Morton some years after- 
 ward rendered necessary the closing up of the 
 affairs of the Monroe Monitor, which had been 
 for years the local Democratic paper of the 
 county. The interest of Lee & Kurz was pur- 
 chased by a syndicate composed of some of the 
 leading Democratic citizens: some of the other 
 stockholders of the Monitor also entered the 
 syndicate, and on March 17, 1880, the first 
 number of the Monroe Democrat was issued, 
 with Mr. Crampton as manager and editor, and 
 ,1. H. Kurz as secretary and treasurer of the 
 new corporation. Since that time Mr. Ci-amp- 
 ton's story is the story of the Monroe De/nocrn^, 
 to which he has devoted his energies and 
 abilities, and which has had a gratifying and 
 successful career of steady and unprecedented 
 growth. 
 
 Two children have been born to Mr, Cramp- 
 ton, one of whom, Charles, a bright and promis- 
 ing lad, has passed across the waveless .sea to 
 the silent shore beyond ; the other, Faust, a close 
 and energetic student, is laying the foundation 
 for future career of usefulness and honor. 
 
 Mr. Crampton became a member of Monroe 
 Lodge, No. 27, F. and A. M., in April, 1875. 
 An ardent advocate of the " mystic tie," ho 
 entered the Chapter in December of the same 
 )-ear, became a Cryptic Mason in 1877, and a 
 Knights Templar in 1878. He was for several 
 j-ears the secretary of Monroe Lodge, No. 27, 
 and has been the junior warden ; has been sec- 
 retary of the Chapter: for a number of terms 
 recorder of the Commandery, and in 1888 was 
 elected its eminent commander. 
 
 Politically, Mr. Crampton has sought no 
 office. In 1888 he was chosen by the common 
 
THE rUKSS ()!■ MONROE COUNTY. 497 
 
 council a ineiiiltcr ol' the boanl of education, tci'cst, and knows how to .say it. whctiiei- llio 
 
 and was made secretary by the board. His subject be poetical, political, polemical, thco- 
 
 interest in the cause of education icnows no Inimical, domestic, a<;ricultural or literary, the 
 
 limit, and ho contemplates with reasonable latcli string of the .sanctum alwaj's hanj^s out, 
 
 pride the recent remarkable advancement made and the door of the column is always ojien. 
 
 ill our public school system. His own writings, whether as unsigned cdito- 
 
 .\s a writer, Mr. Crampton i.s terse, vigoi'ous rial and comment upon current and local 
 
 and pcjinted. He is a sleepless, untiring and evcnt.s, or appearing over a paeudonym, are 
 
 persistent advocate of any measure calculated widely i-ead ; and for a time in addition to the 
 
 for the good of the community. The <|uestion work demanded by his own journal, be fur- 
 
 of popularity ov expediency is jihvays sub- nished editorial for one of the newspaper 
 
 servient to the question of right. To every unions. He is yet in the prime of his powers, 
 
 one who has anything to .say of general in- with pi-ol)ablj- many useful yearsyct before him. 
 
CHAPTER XXXVIII. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CHURCHES OK MONROE COCNTV. 
 
 THE First I'resbytcriuii elmreh of Monroo, 
 was oi-giuiized in the old court house, by 
 Rev. Messrs. Moses Tluater and John Monteitli. 
 the 13th of Jiinuary, 1820. So far as can be 
 ascertained, (he following individuals consti- 
 tuted the church at the tinae of its organiza- 
 tion, viz.: Joseph Farrington, Persis Farring- 
 ton, Isabella MulhoUand, Mary Moore, Samuel 
 Egnew, George Alford, Priscilla Alford, Polly 
 Wells, Eliza D. Johnson, Samuel and Anna Felt, 
 Eebccca Rice, Harvey Bli.ss, Nancy Bliss, Mrs. 
 Sanborne, and Lucy Egnew, who united with 
 the church by letters of dismission from other 
 churches ; together with John Anderson, Eliza 
 Anderson, Wolcott Lawrence and Caroline 
 Lawrence, who were received on profession of 
 their faith. On the HOth of the same montli 
 tlie Sacrament of the Lord's SiijiiJer u as, for 
 the first time, administered — the number par- 
 taking of the communion being twenty-two. 
 During the year 1820, others were admitted 
 into the fellowship of the church. The 21st of 
 May Wolcott Lawrence and Joseph Farring- 
 ton, who iiad been elected to that office the day 
 previous, v^'cre ordained as the elders of the 
 church ; and not long afterwards (the exact 
 date cannot be ascertained) Henry Disbrow 
 and Oliver Jolmson were added to the session. 
 In the course of the same year the Sabballi 
 school was organized under the superintendence 
 of Charles Noble. 
 
 Rev. Moses Hunter, who labored alternately 
 at Monroe, Fort Meigs and Perrysbiiru', su])- 
 plied the pulpit for a few months. Mr. Hunter 
 can\e into the Territor}- from the East at the 
 solicitation of Rev. John Monteith, who was at 
 that time the English preacher in Detroit He 
 was the instrument of doing much good as a 
 Missionary of the Gospel in this part ot our 
 country. 
 
 After Mr. Hunter's de])arturc the church en- 
 joyed occasional preaching — not unfrequentlj' 
 for a few months at a time — from Rev. Messrs. 
 
 Frontis, Ely, Prince, Goodman and Mcllvaine, 
 until the year 1829, when Rev. P. W. Warriner 
 was installed their first pastor by the Presby- 
 tery of Monroe. April 5, 1833, Robert Clark 
 and Harry Conant were elected members of 
 the session. When Mr. Warriner resigned his 
 pastorial office in the spring of the next j'ear, 
 the church numbered one hundred and twenty 
 communicants. 
 
 The church remained destitute of a stated 
 supplj' for some month.s, when Rev. John 
 Beatie served them in that capacity for a short 
 time, yielding his post in June, 1835, to Rev. 
 R. H. Conklin. 
 
 Not long after this Mr. Conklin left the field, 
 and Rev. Samuel Center supplied the pulpit 
 until the ICth of May, 1837, when Rev. J. W. 
 Bhthe was invited to the pastoral charge. As 
 this call was not an unanimous one — the 
 niinorily of the members being opposed to him 
 on dcjctrinal grounds— considerable dissatisfac- 
 tion was felt, which resulted at the close of the 
 \ ear in a division of the church — twenty-nine 
 individuals leaving it for the purpose of form- 
 ing the Second Presbyterian Church of Monroe. 
 They chose Rev. R. S. Crampton as their pas- 
 tor ; and also elected Wolcott Lawrence, Nor- 
 man R. Haskell, William H. Boyd and Isaac 
 Lewis as their session. The First Church at 
 the same time added to the eldership John 
 Anderson and Charles Noble. Zion met with 
 a great loss in the month of October of this 
 year in the death of Dr. Robert Clark, alearned, 
 judicious and distinguished member of the 
 session, and an exemplary and devoted Chris- 
 tian. 
 
 In ti.e autumn of 1838 Mr. Blythc was dis- 
 missetl, and the First Church immediately after 
 extended an unanimous call to Rev. Conway 
 P. Wing to become their pastor. He accepted 
 the invitation, and soon entered upon the 
 duties of his office. 
 
 April 9, 1839, the union of the two churches 
 
 [498] 
 
tM4A/CU 
 
 U/lf] 
 
 Vi/vu 
 
THE CHURCHKS OF MONROE COUNTY. 499 
 
 \v!is cffi'ctinl. tliirty-foiir iiidividiiiils com]iosiii!r pleasing work of grace, wliicli resuUeil in Iho 
 
 tiie Second Church being cordially received addition to the ehuirli of sixteen of the 
 
 back into the old organization. The l!>tli of youth, in 18.50. September 2, 1S51, (!od called 
 
 .lune ^Ir. Wing was installed their pastor hy to liis heavenly rest Dr. Harry Conant, the 
 
 the Presbyterj- of Monroe. In the month of wisdom of whose counsels, the consisteney of 
 
 Novenihcr following, Norman I!. Haskell. whose life and whose rclialdcness as a memlior 
 
 William JI. Bo3-d and Stephen P. Morehouse of the session were such as to render his death 
 
 were elected elders of the church. Two years generally lamented. 
 
 after thi.s^Ir. Wing was constrained on account At the commencement of the ntxt year Rev. 
 
 of ill-health to resign his charge and leave Thomas Forster succeeded Mr. Northrup in the 
 
 for a milder climate, to the .sincere regret of same capacity as a stated supply. Six months 
 
 the church and congregation. The number of afterwards, the 7th of .luly, Henry Disbrow. 
 
 communicants at this time was two hundred another of that com|)any of cflicienl, active and 
 
 and thirteen. (For steel plate of Mr. Wing honored officers in the (diureh, departed this lil'e. 
 
 .see page 499.) |{ev. Louis P. Ledoux, having accepted a call 
 
 .Tuly 3, 1840, the session were called upon to to the pastoral chai'go, entered upon his labors 
 
 j]arl with one of their number, Colonel .John in .Jul}, lS.')o. His installation took place the 
 
 .\nderson. from the very infancy of the church 2t)lh of October loUowing. Believing that the 
 
 one of its main pillars, and most efficient and heultb of Mrs. Ledoux ro(|uired his removal to 
 
 active member.s. a milder climate, he left in Aiu'il, 185.5. for 
 
 Jiev. K. W. Patterson succeeded Mr. Wing as Richmond, \'irginia, having been invited to 
 
 a stated supplj- tor a few months ; but not the pastoral office there. 
 
 wishing to remain, Ecv. Nathaniel West en- He was succeeded in the same relation the 
 tcred into the pastoral relation in the fall of first of November !>}• Pev. Addison K. Strong, 
 1842. The following year about tuenty took his installation occurring January 14, 1850. 
 letters of dismission for the purpose of organ- (!od converted many of the impenitent — a 
 izing a new Presbyterian Church at La Salle. large part of whom were heads of families. As 
 Mr. West vacated the field soon after this re- the fruits of this gracious manifestation of the 
 vival. Before his departure God in his provi- divine favor to Zion, fifty jjersons were received 
 (fence saw fit to bereave his people again by into its fellowship on pi-ofession of their faith, 
 the removal of another of their valued and The first Sabbath of August following Daniel 
 faithful memliers, their first elder, and an able S. Bacon, Thomas Clark and (teorge Landon, 
 officer in the church. .Judge Lawrence died were ordained elders in this church. 'I'ho 
 April 29, 1843. number of members in .luno, 1857, in full coin- 
 After these events Pev. William Paige sup- munion was two hundred and eleven. During 
 plied the pulpit the greater part of the time Dr. Strong's jiastorate Isaac Lewis was elected 
 until the autumn of 1845, when Rev. Pobert and installed an elder of the church. 
 Southgate accepted the call to the pastoral The Ptcv. Dr. A. K. Strong was succeeded by 
 office. The installation of Mr. Southgate di<l the Pev. Charles N. Mattoon, D. D. His in- 
 not take ])lace until the 15th of February, 1848, slallation occurred January 0,1864, followed 
 (m the evening of the same daj' in which the by a very successful pastorate until 1809, when 
 now house of worship was dedicated to the having attained the age o( over 70, and 
 service of the Triune Jehovah. Mr. Southgate in declining healtli, temlered his resignation, 
 accepted a call to Ipswich, Massachusetts, in He died at .Monroe, May 27, 1880. Pev. 
 the spring of 1849 ; the church numbering at W. W. Newell was installed October 1,1809. 
 the time of his departure two hundred and and supjilied the pulpit the two following 
 three members. Soon after this event .several years, and was succeeded by the Rev. Douglas 
 individuals were, at their own request, dis- P. Putnam, who was installed pastor April 4. 
 missed to constitute the Congregational Church 1S71. and sustained that relation lor the ten 
 of Eaisinville. succeeding years. In 1881 Re^. W. W. Mac- 
 After the lapse of a few months Rev. Henry omiier supplied the pulpit for the two succeed- 
 H. Northrup came to supply the pulpil. Dur- ing years as a sujiply, when Rev. Samuel S. 
 ing his ministery the Sabbath School enjoyed a Pratt received a call from the church ; was in- 
 
500 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 stalled as pastor October 26, 18S8, and sustained 
 that relation until October 1, 1889, when he 
 tendered his resignation. The Rev. Erasmus 
 Boyd, D. D., for over a quarter of a century 
 principal of the Monroe Female Seminary, fre- 
 ([ueutly supplied the pulpit. Reference is here 
 made to his biogra]))iy below. 
 
 The Monroe Pi'csbyterj' was organized Feb- 
 ruar3f 12,1834. The First Presbyterian Church 
 was ei-ected on the corner of First and Cass 
 streets, now dccupiod by Zions Lutheran 
 Church for .school purposes. The lar^je and 
 spacious brick church now occupied by said 
 churcli and society was erected on the south 
 side of the public square, Avest of Washington 
 street (the site therefor having been donated 
 by Colonel Oliver Johnson), was built and 
 dedicated in 1846, and during the pastorate of 
 Rev. D. P. Putnam was greatly improved and 
 re- dedicated at an expense of $14,000. The 
 chapel adjoining the church on the west was 
 erected and dedicated in November, 1869, and 
 the parsonage, located on the west side of 
 Washington street, which will fiivorably com- 
 pare with any one in the State, was erected in 
 1880. August 1, 1886, Henry Austin and Tal- 
 cott E. Wing were ordained elders. The pres- 
 ent membership in full communion is two 
 hundred and thirty six, and meraliership of 
 Sabbath School one hundred and sixty. 
 
 ERASMAS JAMES BOYD, 
 
 Brother of the Hon. William H. Boyd, was 
 born in central New York. He was graduated 
 from Hamilton (college, and from the New 
 York Theological Seminary. From the latter 
 be immediately accepted a pastorate in Brook- 
 lyn, Michigan, whei-o he won the hearts of his 
 people, and is still remembered by the friends 
 he drew about him. The citizens of Monroe, 
 Michigan, offered Mr. Boyd great inducements 
 to come to Monroe and found a young ladies' 
 seminary. The buildings and grounds were 
 purchased from Stolham Wing, and Mr. Boyd 
 became principal. The serainarj- proved a 
 great success under his management, and in a 
 few years he was enabled to purchase the 
 property and make additions reiiuired by the 
 increasing number of scholars. He emjiloyed 
 a tine corps of teachers in all branches, and the 
 departments of music and art develo^jed un- 
 
 usual talent. The annual concerts of instru- 
 mental and vocal music, as well as those given 
 at intervals during the year, were a rare treat 
 to the people of Monroe. A course of lectures 
 during the winter months was an interesting 
 feature of the institution. And the citizens as 
 well as the pupils listened to such men as 
 President Tappan, Professors Heavens, Winch- 
 ell and Uphani and President White, of Cor- 
 nell, together with many others too numerous 
 to mention. Mr. Boyd was unusually quick in 
 detecting talent as well as the particular bent 
 of minds under his instruction, and many a 
 timid girl has been encouraged in the line 
 when her success eventually showed the" rare 
 decernment he j)ossessed. He was also an ex- 
 cellent and discriminating judge of literature, 
 poetry and the fine arts, and those under his 
 care ever remember the pleasure and enthus- 
 iasm he displayed with their best, but imma- 
 ture efforts. Thus he endeared himself to 
 evei-y member of the school by his sympathy, 
 charity and kindness. To the struggling 
 student he was unfailing in patience and atten- 
 tion, and generous to many in a substantial 
 degree With all his duties as principal of a 
 flourishing seminary, and as a jniblic spirited 
 man in the chui-ch and city, he ever sought out 
 the neglected and needy. Mr. Boyd established 
 a mission school in the third ward ; a brick 
 building suitable for th-e undertaking was 
 erecteil, and many of foreign deseerit were 
 gathered into the Sunday School and evening 
 meetings. Some of the young boys were 
 incited to a better education, and a number of 
 them grown to manhood are promising busi- 
 ness men in this and other cities. Some en- 
 tered the army during the rebellion and fought 
 a good fight, from time to time writing to their 
 benefactor, and amid the dangers of the camj) 
 and battlefield, were sought out by kind and 
 encouraging letters from Mr. Boyd, whose care 
 for their welfare never ceased. Those who 
 knew Mr. Boyd's kind and beautiful spirit can 
 not wonder he is so devotedly embalmed in the 
 hearts of his puj)ils, who ever sjieak of him in 
 words of love and glistening ej^es. After the 
 war the country passed through a financial 
 crisis, which effected the seminary as well as 
 most institutions of the kind throughout the 
 West. Other schools of like nature were ojjened 
 in neighboring cities and towns, and our Mon- 
 roe Young Ladies' Seminai-y received a blow 
 
T^y 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 501 
 
 from wliicli it never entirely recovered. Kov. 
 K. J. Boyd accepted a call to Laramie ("ity, 
 Wyoming Territory', whore lie preached a 
 j-ear, and died sudilenly, November 2}, 1881, 
 regretted by the people to whom he had en- 
 deared himself in an unusual <legree. 
 
 Rev. Krasmas J. Boyd was married soon 
 after leaving the theological seminary to Miss 
 Sarah Clark, who was educated at Miss Wil- 
 lard's famous seminary of Troy, New York. 
 During their residence in Monroe three daugh- 
 ters were born — KUa. who died at the age of 
 fifteen ; Florence, who UKirriod Mr. 'V. K. 
 Schwarz, of Boston, Massachusetts, now living 
 in Colorado; Anna, who married Mr. F". Iv. 
 Copeland, of Boston, Massachusetts, now of 
 <'hicago. Illinois. A meeting of the resident 
 Alumni was called in September, 1883, at which 
 it was decided to erect a monument to the 
 memory of Mr. Boyd ; former members of the 
 seminary from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast 
 were notified and responded heartily and grate- 
 fullj^, and in a few months a Scotch granite 
 monument was imjiorted and erected over his 
 last resting place, with the following inscription : 
 
 " Reverend Erasinas J. Boyd was born No- 
 vember 1, 1814, died November 23, 1881. For 
 twenty-nine years Principal of the Monroe 
 Young Ladies' Seminary. He possessed in a 
 high degree the affect ion and respect of his 
 pupils, who, in loving remeiulirance, have 
 erected this monument.' 
 
 His character and the esteem in which he 
 was held cannot be better portrayed than by 
 quoting from the sermon by llev. J. Y. Cow 
 trick. D. D., preached at the funeral services in 
 Laianiie City on November 26, 188]. He said : 
 
 '■ 1 shall never forget the first time I saw 
 him in Presbytery at Denver, as he rose his 
 tall form towering over those around him, he 
 •<aid he had heard much of the West and had 
 come to see the glory of its wonders and to cast 
 in his lot with us. Not one word of comjilaint. 
 not one word of seeking for health — only de- 
 sirous of entering on the work that is so 
 abundant in the wide and wild fields of the 
 Wcut. He at once entered the conflict and like 
 a mailed warrior died with his harness on in 
 the midst of the battle, 'Let me die the death 
 of the righteous and let my enil l>e like his.' 
 
 " Who can say my friend E. J. Boyd was not 
 a royal knight of a royal mastei-? He pi'iuiched 
 to you, my friends, one year; his last sermon 
 
 being on the anniversary of his firsl year, and 
 bj' his bri'thi-cn in the ministry was requested 
 to preach a union Thanksgiving sermon. He 
 had just completed it and died with it in his 
 hand. Yet he died with his harness on. went 
 into the presence of the king of kings with 
 thanksgiving, which, as he joined the hosts at 
 once, was a peace of victory. He was truly, 
 while here, a prophet, priest and king. He 
 was a prophet because ho sjioke lor his Master 
 always and everywhere wiien it was proper 
 and possible to do so. He was a jiriest because 
 ho was often found interceding for those at a 
 throne of grace. He was a king because by 
 ])urity and gentleness manifested in a vigorous 
 life, he ruled for good wherever he was present. 
 
 "No man ever closed his earthly career in a 
 grander way, working for the -Master until 
 within fifteen minutes of his call. He could, 
 with the Apostle, have well said : " I have 
 fought a goo<l fight, I have finished my course, 
 I have kept the faith,' and to this, people would 
 respond, ' Verily, thou hast.' Henceforth there 
 is laid up for thee a crown of righteousness." 
 
 Prof. Boyd's body was sent to his old home, 
 Monroe, Michigan, and laid to rest by the side 
 of his first born and iicloved daiiichter. I'^lla. 
 
 PKKSBYTKRIAN CHURCH OK ERIE. 
 
 The formation of the l'resb\ lerian Church of 
 Erie was the work of llev. William L. Buft'ott, 
 who preached here at regular intervals while 
 residing at Otter Creek, near La Salle. 
 
 In June, 1849, a re(|uest from Christian 
 people in Hrie was made to the Presbytery of 
 Monroe to be organized into a (diurch, and Jlev. 
 William L. Huffett and Rev. J. B. Taylor, of 
 Bedford, were appointed a committee for this 
 ])urpose. 
 
 On Saturday, September 8th, Mr. Buffett met 
 with the people in the school house of Erie, 
 Mr. Taylor being detained by illness, and 
 preached a sermon, and took names of some 
 who designed to be members of the church. 
 
 On the next day, Sciitomber !Hh, the follow- 
 ing persons were duly organized into the first 
 church of Erie, to wit: John P. Rowe, Sarah 
 Ann Rowe, (iilbert Hitchcock, Nanc}' Agnow, 
 Sarah MulhoUcn, Francis Mulhollen, Eliza Cor- 
 nell, Catherine Darrah, .Mary Slowell, Ann 
 Elizabeth Trail, Angeline Sa.xlon, Marilla J. 
 
502 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Stump and Lucy Williams. Gilbert Hitchcock 
 was made clerk, and John P. Eowe, treasurer, 
 who were afterward ciiosen the tirst elders of 
 the ehui'ch, and were orchiined February 22, 
 1852. 
 
 The first ehureli cditice, a |ilaiii frame struc- 
 ture, was dedicated August 8, 1850, by Rev. Mr. 
 Huffett, assisted by Rev. J. B. Taylor, of Bed- 
 ford, and Eev. Henry H. Northrop, of Monroe. 
 It liecame necessarj' after thirty-eight years to 
 repair the house cxtensivelj- or build again. It 
 was determined to rebuild of brick, under the 
 management of John A. McDonald, George O. 
 Perry, Charles M. Rowe, Cluirles R. Brighani 
 and Alviii G. Kelley, as the building com- 
 mittee. 
 
 The corner stone of the new church was pre- 
 sented by Mrs. Wihner J. Keeny's Bible Class, 
 which took a lively interest in the new enter- 
 prise, and contained a copj- of the Holy Bible, 
 the constitution of the Pi-esbyterian Churcli, 
 with its form of government and discipline, 
 and the names of the subscribers to both 
 churches, as well as the building committees of 
 both, and the name of the teacher and mem- 
 bers of tiie Bible Class, with their resolutions 
 in connection tlierewith. The church officers 
 and name of pastor were included. The mis- 
 sionary publication called The Church at Home 
 and Abroad, the New York Evangelist, and 
 several other papers of this vicinity, the num- 
 ber of ciiurch members who have been in its 
 connection, in all one luindred and seventy- 
 one, as well as the present number, which 
 was fifty-eight. 
 
 This stone was put in place on Wednesdaj', 
 July 20, 1887, witli i-eligious exercises, Rev. 
 S. W. Pratt, of Monroe, assisted by Rev. Dr. 
 Duval and Bacon, of Toledo, and Rev. Mr. 
 Brown of the same place. The church was 
 dedicated February 8, 1888. 
 
 The elders of this church who have pa.saed 
 away are John P. Rowe, wiio died June, 1865; 
 Gilbert Hitchcock, who died October 30, 1862 : 
 and James Mulhollon, who died February 16, 
 1871, the last of whom became a member April 
 8, 1851. 
 
 The present session are William H. Wells 
 and Charles Dolim. The first was added to 
 the church by letter from Monroe, April 2, 
 1865 ; the other by profession of faith, Decem- 
 ber 4, 1881. 
 
 The ministei'S who have preached two jears 
 
 and over, are Rev. William L. Buffett, Rev. 
 Robert R. Salter, D. D., Rev. Samuel Fleming, 
 Rev. Arthur W. Sanford, Rev. E. W. Willard 
 and Rev. William S. Taylor. Rev. Noah M. 
 Wells should be mentioned also, who resided 
 several years with his .son, who sometimes 
 preached in the absence of the minister, and 
 assisted at the communion table, and was ready 
 for every good woi'k. 
 
 Rev. Noah M. Wells was a member of the 
 Presbytery of Detroit, but died in Erie, Maj' 3, 
 1880. He was born in Saratoga, New York; 
 was educated in Union college, and privately 
 with a minister, actively engaged as pastor of 
 a church. His first preaching was at Galvvaj", 
 New York, then at Brownsville in the same 
 State. 
 
 In 1824 he removed to Detroit and organ- 
 ized the First Presbyterian Church in the city, 
 and continued there till 1833, when his health 
 failed and removed to Mishawaka, Indiana, 
 where he was connected with an iron foundry- 
 tor a few years, occasionally preaching as 
 op|iortunity presented. Having received the 
 appointment of a chaplain in the army, he 
 removed to Galena, Illinois, and filled the posi- 
 tion for a few years. After this he returned to 
 Michigan and spent a year in the Bethel ser- 
 vice at Detroit. Afterwards he came to Krie 
 and spent the remainder of his days, which 
 reached ninety eight years. He was eloquent 
 and practical as a preacher. 
 
 Rev. William L. Buffett left in 1852, and 
 went, as supposed, further west. Rev. R. 
 Rogers Salter, D. D., succeeded him, and came 
 from Tiffin College, Ohio, for which he was 
 agent for a time, and from which he received 
 the degree of D. D. He began preaching in 
 1852 in La Salle and Erie. He was invited in 
 1856 to become theii- pastor, and became a 
 member of the Presbytery by letter from the 
 classes of St. Jo.seph, Micliigan, and was duly 
 enrolled. Having accepted the call to become 
 the pastor at La Salle and Erie, he was duly 
 installed in 1856 b\- Rev. A. K. Strong and 
 Rev, K, J. Boyd, chosen by the Presbytery for 
 this service. His iiastorate continued till 1864. 
 
 His successor was Rev. Samuel Fleming. He 
 was born in Romulus, New York. He became 
 a minister and removed to this State and be- 
 came a member of the Presbytery of Marshall. 
 He remained here two years, removed to 
 Morenci, from Monroe to Burr Oak, where he 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY, 
 
 503 
 
 finished his work, as his life closed December 
 5, 1885. 
 
 Rev. Arthur AV. Sanford was next invited to 
 be pastor of the church in Erie. He became a 
 member of Presbytery by rccoinmendatioii of 
 the Presbytery of Fort Wayne in September. 
 18G7, and was installed pastor the 15th of Sep- 
 tember b}^ Rev. C. N. Mattoon and Rev. E. J. 
 l?oyd, of Monroe. He remained until 1870 and 
 removed, but returned again in 1881 and re- 
 mained two years. He preached in Erie, in 
 all, five years. He removed to Detroit ami 
 entered into rest in the year 1886. 
 
 In 1874, Rev. E. P. Willard, of Cayuga, New 
 Y(;rk. supplied the church and i-emaiiied until 
 1S79. He is now preaching in Cayuga. 
 
 Rev. William S. Taj-lor became pastor in 
 1885, and still occupies the pulpit. 
 
 John P. Rowe, one of the first elders of this 
 church, came .from Vermont. 
 
 Many families, prior to the War of 1812, left 
 all hut clothes and nccessar}' food and took 
 open boats and went southward coasting to- 
 wards Ohio. Many again returned when the 
 wai- was over. Daniel Mulhollen's family among 
 them, with nine children. In three years after 
 they left Michigan they returned to the Raisin, 
 claimed their land and commenced making a 
 farm, and in a few years built a house two 
 miles south of the Raisin, where the Mul- 
 hollen's still live. Mrs. John P. Rowe still re- 
 sided in Erie. After her husband's death, in 
 1865, she gave attention to her two children, 
 and became interested in church affairs, doing 
 whatever her hand found to do with her might. 
 She died full of years and usefulness June 16. 
 1887. Mrs. Sarah Kowe died at the residence 
 iifhei- son, Charles M. Rowe, in Erie, in the 
 eighty-first year of her age. One of the minis- 
 ters of the churcii for five years, Rev. E. P. Wil- 
 lard, and who knew her well, .says of her: 
 
 Mrs. Rowe was born in Monroe, Michigan, 
 January 2, 1807, and after her nurriage to Mr. 
 John P. Rowe, she removed to Erie, Monroe 
 county, where she has since resided. Her hus- 
 band, an influential citizen of that localitj-, died 
 in 1865. She was a woman of energy and ster- 
 ling religious character, whose heart and life 
 made a deep impress upon the community. 
 She was distinguished for piety and usefulness. 
 She was endued with a spirit of wisdom, and 
 exhibited undaunted Christian zeal and a large 
 benevolence. Her kindness, sympathy, and 
 
 charity were proverbial. Her faith was .strong. 
 In a feelile church she was a tower of strength. 
 Her words of counsel were inspired with hope. 
 Her radiance of example and life was not onl)- 
 iliffused in her own ha])i)y home, but she was a 
 burning and a shining light in the whole com- 
 munity. For long years her devotion to the 
 church, and her ceaseless prayers for its wel- 
 fare, wei'e widel}' known. As a true mother in 
 Israel, she is lamented. Her gifts to benevo- 
 lence and to the Presbyterian Church, were 
 constant and magnanimous. Upon her heart 
 were the interests of unconverted souls, and 
 she lived to see many brought to the Saviour 
 through her instrumentality. The reward is 
 hers of those " who turn many to righteous- 
 ness." Under the infirmities of age, her 
 ])atieiice and Christian resignation evinced 
 ripeness of character and the power of grace. 
 All who knew her bestowed upon her genuine 
 affection, and will long hold her memory in 
 sacred trust Her burial took place at Wood- 
 lawn cemeterv, Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 REV. NOAH IM. WKLLS, 
 
 TIIIC OI.DKST I'KF,s|!YTERIAX MINISTER IN THK U.NITEI) 
 ST.\TIis. 
 
 Rev. Mr. Wells was horn at Beinis Heights, 
 vSaratoga county. New York, July 8. 1782, his 
 father's name being Eleazer AVclls. and his 
 niotiier's maiden name was Joanna Fellows. 
 When the deceased was three 3-ears old his 
 father moved with his family to New Lebanon, 
 New York, where the boy was kept at school 
 until thirteen j-ears of age, and from that time 
 until he was twenty years old Mr. Wells worked 
 alternately on the farm and in the shop, learn- 
 ing his fiither's trade of harness making. 
 
 In his fourteenth year he was baptised in 
 the Episcopal Church ; from his seventeenth to 
 his twenty-first year the young man became a 
 believer in the Universalist doctrine, but on 
 attaining his majority he experienced a change 
 in his Itelief and became impressed that he 
 must become a preacher of the Gospel. 
 Through reverses his father became a poor 
 man so that his son could not look to him for 
 help; therefore boarding at home and walking 
 three miles each day to his lessons, Mr, Wells 
 boifan under the tuition of a young minister in 
 a neighboring town. In eleven months he en- 
 
504 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tered the freshman class in Union College, 
 Schenectady, being the oldest scholar in the 
 class. Through aid from Mr. Van Rensselaer, 
 the mayor of Albany, and the kindness of Dr. 
 Nott, president of tlus college, together with 
 some remuneration for teaching in the gram- 
 mar school; the young man graduated, received 
 his diploma, and was appointed tutor in the 
 college. After teaching and while studying 
 divinity under Div Nott, the j'oung man left 
 the college free from debt and with three hun- 
 dred dollars. 
 
 His first charge was the Presbyterian Church 
 and society at Gahvay, Saratoga county, where 
 he was ordained, and it was at this time that he 
 married Miss Nancy Hunter, of Stephentown, 
 Kensseiaer county. New York. In three years 
 she died, leaving one son. For five years Mr. 
 Wells preached at Gahvay, writing and com- 
 mitting to memory two sermons each week, 
 lecturing each Wednesday evening, with 
 prayer meeting Friday night and pastoral in- 
 vitations. After being two years a widower Mr. 
 Wells married Miss Jane Lett'erts, who after- 
 ward died and was buried in Detroit. 
 
 Mr. Wells' second charge was at Brownville, 
 Jefferson county. New York, where he estab- 
 lished the first church there, and performed 
 the work under almost thrilling circumstances. 
 
 Early in 1825 he received an urgent invita- 
 tion to visit Detroit, and in June of that year 
 arrived there. He found a comfortable wooden 
 church, with about thirtj' members, as the 
 first Protestant church in the city; but they 
 had no organization according to law. As- 
 sisted by such men as Mr. Hastings, Dr. Rice, 
 Messrs. Bingham, Stewart and others, he 
 formed a regular Presbyterian Church, with a 
 strong band of elders and thirty-six members, 
 all told. This was the first Presbyterian 
 Church ever formed in Michigan. Mr. Wells 
 continued as pastor of this church until 183C, 
 when his health failed him, and he was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Cleveland, whose successor was 
 Dr. George Duftield. 
 
 Mr. Wells then engaged in secular business, 
 taking an interest in a blast furnace at Misha- 
 waka, Indiana. In about a year he returned 
 to Detroit to take charge of the Flat Rock and 
 Gibralter Company, in which business he re- 
 mained two years and then returned to Misha- 
 waka. After living there about a year he re- 
 moved to Niles, Michigan, having been ap- 
 
 pointed by the Michigan University as a 
 teacher in the branch of the university estab- 
 lished at Niles. Eighteen months later he was 
 appointed chaplain in the United States Army, 
 to be stationed at Prairie du Chene When 
 the troops were removed from there to take 
 part in the Florida War, Mr. Wells went to 
 Galena, Illinois, where he remained nearly 
 three years, building up and conducting a 
 Presbyterian Church. He then returned to 
 Maumee City, where he remained a short time, 
 and then came to Detroit to take charge of the 
 Bethel cause there, and after six years of this 
 work he retired from all service and went to 
 Eric, Michigan, to reside with his son, William 
 H. Wells. For his third wife Mr. Wells mar- 
 ried Mrs. Nancy Trowbridge, of Hudson, New 
 York, who died in Detroit and was buried at 
 Elmwood. Up to the time of his death Mr. 
 Wells resided with bis son ac Erie, Michigan, 
 and besides being the founder of the first 
 Presbyterian Church in Michigan, was at the 
 time of his death the oldest Presbyterian min- 
 ister in the United States. He died Maj' 3, 
 1S80, aged ninety-eight. 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF PETERSBURG. 
 
 When in 1856 the Pi-esbytery of Monroe 
 asked a missionary of the Home Missionary 
 Society to work within its limits, the request 
 was denied. The Presbytery then determined, 
 as the necessity seemed great, to obtain one 
 and pay him themselves. Rev. Austin Marsh, 
 a veteran in the service, was employed, who 
 preached at Petersburg, as well as at other 
 points. 
 
 The people asked the Presbytery for the 
 formation of a Presbyterian Church in this 
 place. Revs. E. J. Boyd, H. G. Bliun anil 
 Daniel S. Bacon, older of the Monroe Church, 
 were appointed as a committee to see to it, and 
 form a church if they thought it best. 
 
 Rev. E. J. Boyd, principal of the Ladies' 
 Seminary, of Monroe, met Rev. .1. Marsh on 
 Sabbath, November l(i, in Petersburg, where 
 after service five persons presented letters 
 from other churches, and two presented them- 
 selves for examination as to their experience of 
 Christian grace. They all gave their assent to 
 Articles of Faith and covenanted to walk to- 
 irether as a church of the Lord. 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 505 
 
 Oil Saturday, l>efcniber 13, tlu'y met at tho 
 scliool houso of tlie villasfo, wlion some more 
 wei-e ciirolleil, and l>r. Joseph Hrown and 
 ilyron 15. Davis were chosen chlers of tho 
 chun-h, wlio on the next da\- wore duly in- 
 vested with this office. Tiie Lord's Sujiper 
 was also administered, when eleven members 
 were present, as follows: Dr. Jonas Brown 
 and his wife, (ioorge R. Hrown, Mrs. O. T. 
 Rose, Mrs. H. (J. Morse, Mrs. George Peters, 
 Myron B. Davis and liis wife, Mrs. Alniira 
 Giflford, Matlison Reynolds and James Rey- 
 nolds. This church was reported to the Pres- 
 bytery, and on application was received and 
 enrolled April 8, 1857. Its earlj' growth was 
 permanent. In ten years its membership was 
 fifty-four, although some had tilled the measure 
 of their daj's. 
 
 In 1870 the additions were sixteen. Twenty- 
 four were added in 187(5. 
 
 The elders of the church have been: Dr. 
 Jonas Brown, Mj-ron B. Davis, .Justus Tremain. 
 Daniel McC'oUum. The present elders are 
 Myron B. Davis, George R. Hrown, Havilah E. 
 Davis and James H. Gage. 
 
 The first jjlace of meeting was an Union 
 llou.sc built for public worship by the people, 
 and first occupied by tho M. E. Church. 
 
 When it became necessar3- to meet sepa- 
 rately, a lot was obtained of Eliakinor Cornell 
 as a free gift. A committco was appointed, 
 and when the brick were ready the people 
 turned out with their teams and hauled tliern, 
 as well as the stone, with gratuitous labor. 
 Owing to the increase of the value of materials 
 the building, which was commenced in 18(54, 
 was not completed until 18(58, when it was 
 dcilicatcd, witli a slight debt remaining; but 
 in a few years it was enlireU' removed. 
 
 One of tliis committee was Oliver T. Rose, 
 who came from Rhode Island to this place 
 when the country was new, and took hold of 
 this enterprise with iiboralitj- and zeal and 
 ])usheil the work forward, when others faltered, 
 and at the end put down a liberal donation to 
 relieve the work from debt. 
 
 Another one of the committee was Horace 
 Hill, who came a pioneer from Vermont, and 
 was ready always to do what he could to en- 
 i-ourage the enterprise. 
 
 .Mention maj- al.so be maile of the <-ldei's of 
 the church who have pa.s.sed away : 
 
 Dr. Jonas Hrown was burn in Heath, Frank- 
 lin county, .Massachusetts, in 1705. He became 
 a member of AVilliams College, and graduated 
 at that institution in 1815, having as.sistcd 
 liimself largely \>y teaching. He became a 
 plij'sieian and lived in Peru twelve years. Ho 
 came to this State in 183(5, and lived at first in 
 Lenawee county, but finally purchased new 
 land south of Petersburg and gave his atten- 
 tion to farming. He was an original member 
 of this church, lived an honorable Christian 
 life, and died in 18(59. 
 
 Colonel Justus Tremain was born in Hei-k- 
 shire county, Ma.ssachusctts, in 171)8. In early 
 life he removed to Oneida county, New York, 
 and was a fai-mer. He came to this count}- in 
 183H. Iviving in the vicinity of Petersburg 
 when this church was formed, he soon became 
 a member and was chosen an elder, and lived 
 lure the remainder of his life, and died in 1872. 
 lie was an upright man, and had the satisfac- 
 tion of seeing his children walk in the 
 ( 'liristian way. 
 
 Daniel McColluni was also an elder who was 
 born in Herksliire county, Massachusi'tts, in 
 1800, and spent his youth and early manhood 
 ther.e. lie was a mechanic— a maker of hand- 
 rakes. When he came westward he made a 
 home in Adrian, and lived there several yeai's. 
 Fi-om Adrian removed to Petersburg and 
 joined this cliurch. He waschosen an elder in 
 18(59. The clock, communion set and chairs 
 were given by him, as well as the library in 
 the vestibule of the church. The bell, costing 
 near five hundred ilollars, received a generous 
 contribution from him. 
 
 He was an exemplary man, faithful in all 
 duties, generous and true to the church, and 
 (|uietly passed away .lune 1, 1878. 
 
 The ministers who have preached l()r this 
 church were: Rev. Justin Marsh, Rev. Moody 
 Harrington, Rev. J. W. Hayncs, Rev. (J. M. 
 Hoardman and liev. W. S. Taylor. 
 
 Rev. .lustin Marsh was horn in Montague, 
 Massachusetts, in 179(5. After graduating at 
 .\niherst College and studying theology under 
 the instruction ot Rev. Allen McLarron, of 
 Simsburgh, Connecticut, he went to Wi'st- 
 ei-n New Vork and preached at Sherman, 
 Napoli, Amora an<l ( >rangevillc, and came to 
 Michigan in 1S37. He was diligent in his 
 calling, ])reaehed in many ])laees here, and died 
 
506 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 at the home of oue of his sous, in the full tri- 
 umph of faith, leaving two sons earnest minis- 
 ters of the gospel, January 9, 1872. 
 
 Eev. Moody Harrington was in Petersburg 
 but a short time, and little is known of him. 
 
 Eev. John W. Baynes was born in Liver- 
 pool, England, May 24, 1799, and was educated 
 at Eotherham College. In 1838 he came to 
 the United States and became an assistant to 
 Eev. Dr. Stearns, of the Presbyterian Church, 
 of Newburyport, Massachusetts. He after- 
 wards preached for several years at St. Catha- 
 rines, Ontario. In 1849 he came to Hudson, 
 Michigan, where he jireached a few j^ears. He 
 preached in Manchester, and in Blissfield, Pe- 
 tersburg, and Deerfield, his family residing in 
 Hud.9on. He died after many years of suc- 
 cessful work, January 11, 1877. 
 
 His successor at Petersburg was Eev. George 
 Martin Boardman, who came from Western 
 New York. He applied for admission to the 
 Presbytery of Detroit. He was accepted as a 
 candidate, and was soon licensed to j^reach. In 
 1852 he was enrolled as a member of Presby- 
 tery, and was preaching at White Lake. He 
 was a member of Monroe Presbytery in 1861, 
 and preached in Petersburg. In 1862 he 
 enlisted in the military service of the State, 
 and became captain of Comj^any I of tlie 
 Fifteenth Infantry, in camp at Monroe. The 
 regiment went to St. Louis, and moved for- 
 ward immediately to Pittsburgh Landing, 
 leaving Mr. Boardman at St. Louis, where, 
 after a few days he died in the hospital, of the 
 small-pox. Three of his sons, Charles, Frank- 
 lin and Ira D., enlisted, and Charles died also 
 in the army. 
 
 Eev. William S. Taylor also preached in 
 Petersburgh. He was born in Trumansburg, 
 New York. His parents were Henry Taylor 
 and Laura (Graves) Ta^-lor. William went to 
 school until his fourteenth year; when seven- 
 teen, his mind was more particularly inter- 
 ested in religious things and he became a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian ('hurch, of which his 
 parents were members, and his father an elder. 
 He was inclined to prepare for the ministry, 
 in which his parents cordially acquiesced. Soon 
 afer he entered Geneva Lyceum, a classical 
 school where young men were fitted for college-, 
 and remained in the institution three years, and 
 entered the junior class in Union College, 
 Schenectady, New York, and graduated in 1838. 
 
 Three years after, the college bestowed the 
 degree of A. M. upon him. After teaching 
 the classics in O.xford Academy, New York, 
 for one year, he entered Auburn Theological 
 Seminary and spent three years in studj-, 
 graduating in 1842. He was licensed to preach 
 by the Presbytery of Cajuya, and the next 
 year— after preaching a short time in West 
 Bloomtield, New York — found him in Michi- 
 gan, preaching in Jonesville, and while there 
 he was ordained by the Presbytery of Mar- 
 shall, as it then was. He preached there for 
 one year ; had an attack of malarial fever and 
 rested for a few months. He next preached in 
 Manchester, occupying the basement of an en- 
 closed church. The effort made to complete it 
 was crowned with success. In 1849 he was 
 invited to Hillsdale, where he was installed, 
 soon after, pastor of the church by the Pres- 
 bytery of Marshall. In 1853 he had another 
 attack of fever, when he felt constrained to 
 ask for a dismissal, to accept the agency of the 
 American Sunday School Union in Michigan, 
 and removed to Detroit, as the centre 
 of their operations in the State. After 
 remaining in this service for seven years, 
 and seeing much good done in this way, he 
 concluded to return to the jJastorate, and in 1862 
 entered into the service at Petersburg, and com- 
 menced jyreaching in the Union House, serving 
 also the church in Deerfield. 
 
 The church in Petersburg grew ; the house of 
 worship was commenced and carried forward to 
 completion. Having been pastor here for over 
 twenty years, he asked to be dismissed in 1885 
 and went to Erie, and is pastor of the First Pres- 
 byterian Church at the present time. 
 
 METHODIST CHURCH. 
 
 The Eev. William Mitchell was sent to this 
 section of country in 1810 by the Western 
 Conference, which embraced the valley of the 
 Ohio and adjacent territory. He preached at 
 Detroit, Elver Eouge and Monroe, and was 
 followed the next year by the Eev. Mr. Holmes, 
 who occupied the field and continued a year 
 longer, ministering to a little band of twenty- 
 three, but in consequence of the war most of 
 the settlers were forced to flee, the little band 
 was scattered, and for the five subsequent years 
 there was a suspension of efforts by this denom- 
 nation. 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 507 
 
 111 1817 tlie Rex. .To.sepli ^Vfitclicll c;uiic fro- 
 (liiciitly to minister, and as there was no ])ublic 
 liiiililing in wliich to hold services, the resi- 
 dences of Daniel Mulholland, sr , and Samuel 
 Kelt were occupied as the most commodious. 
 He continued to preach from time to time until 
 1812, when Rev. John P. Kent succeeded him. 
 He formed the first .Methodist class, coiisistini^ 
 of Samuel, Elizabeth, Scth, Ethel and Abigail 
 Choal, Jacob B. and Marj- Parker, Lj-man. 
 Sarah and Mary Harvej-. and Pheiiira West. 
 The organization was effeeted on -the south side 
 of the River Raisin about two miles west of tlie 
 jireseiit city of Monroe, in the house of 
 .Jacob B. Parker, on the farm now occupied b^- 
 .\. H. I) wight. -Mr. Kent occupied the field 
 but one j-ear. Tins venerable man died at 
 ].,iiua. New York, in 1S80, aged eighty-eight, 
 after a long and useful mini-stiy. He was suc- 
 ceeded in 1822 by Samuel Baker, and as the 
 circuit embraced all the settled position of 
 Michigan except Sault Ste. Marie, having but 
 one assistant, his visits to Monroe were not 
 frc(|uent. He married one of the original class, 
 Sarah Harvey, who, after his death, married 
 the Rev. John A. Baughman,who occupied the 
 \ circuit in 1825, and was justh' regarded one of 
 the best and ablest and most successful of the 
 veteran itinerants. His ministrj^ continued in 
 this State thirty-two j'ears, and some now liv- 
 ing will recall his preaching with pleasure. 
 His successors were George W. Walker, James 
 W. Fiiilaj% H. Colclazer and Presiding Elder 
 (ioddard, who assisted in 1S32 in forming a 
 class within the village of Monroe in aildition 
 to that whose headquarters were two miles up 
 the river. Mr. Joseph C Garwood, for many 
 years highly esteemed in this community-, 
 allied himself at this time with the new class. 
 The two following years, 183.3 and 1834, E. 
 II. Richer and E. C. Gavitt preached eveiy 
 alternate Sunday in Monroe, occupying the old 
 j-ello\v court house for services. During 1835 
 and 1836 Rev. Robert Triggs, sr., with W. 
 Gage, ministered to the church. In 1837 the 
 church building was erected on the lot where 
 the parsonage now stands. Rev. J. W. David- 
 son, through who.'^e energy and industry the 
 church was erected, enjoj'cd the pleasure of 
 occupying the pulpit but four Sundays after its 
 dedication. Monroe was made a station in 
 1837. The indebtedness of the cliurcli was 
 82,5(1(1, and mortgaged to a citizen, J. (/. .Adams. 
 
 The mortgage was transferred to the liank of 
 Michigan, and as a large part of the subscrip- 
 tion was jiayaiile in land, the mortgage was 
 cancelled b^- a transfer of the lands to the hank. 
 The church was dedicated in December, 1839. 
 during the pastorate of A. M. Fitch. The Rev. 
 Baughman again supplied the ])ul|iit for one 
 year. Hevs A. M. Fitch, David Burns, Bisin 
 .'^app. .1 allies .^liaw, II. Colcla/.er, R. R. Rich- 
 iirds, lOli/.a ("raiie, T. ('. Gardner, Seth Reed, 
 and Harrison Morgan followed in succession as 
 pastors. 
 
 The financial atVairs of the chui'cli were set- 
 tled, and the society freed from debt during 
 the pastorate of Rev. Bisin Sapp, brother-in- 
 law of John Tull, Esq. During Mr. Reed's 
 pastorate the interior of the church was im- 
 proved, the piil])it changed from the west to 
 the east end of the buildiuL', the galleries im- 
 proved and a furnace su])plied. The city and 
 churches met with sore reverses in 1853. The 
 magnificent steamers and boats, which formed 
 a link in the line of travel between the east 
 and west, were taken off from the route be- 
 tween Monroe and Buffalo, and the tide of 
 travel and transportation found other outlets, 
 the removal of business and many families en 
 sued. Rev. Seth Reed gave church to more 
 than forty persons in one 3'ear, this, with the 
 ravages of cholera, decimated the ranks of 
 the society. The following ministers came in 
 the order of their names (ro:n 185() to 18(57: 
 F. W. May, W. E Biglo v, F. W. Warren, J. H. 
 Burnliam, I. C. York and William Fo.\. In 181)7 
 Presiding Elder Shier, finding the old church 
 needed repairs, and failing ti> find a disposi- 
 tion on the part of the congregation to make 
 them, undertook the task of securing sub- 
 scriptions foi- a new brick church. A sub- 
 scription of 820,000 was raised, and the Collow- 
 ingyear the fimndation of a ne-v edifice was 
 laid on the corner of Monroe and Second street, 
 and the parsonage was removed to tlie "Wesley 
 Chapel." Rev. J. W. Scott succeeded .Mr. Shier, 
 but it was not until the pastorate of Rev. J. 
 Venning, June 1 1, 1871, that the new church 
 was dedicated with a comfortable seating 
 capacity of si.x hundred, an excellent organ, 
 heated b}' steam; it is doubtless one of the finest 
 edifices in the conference. It was supposed, at 
 the time of the dedication, the sum subscribed 
 would cancel the indebtedness, but the amount 
 was short some 811,000, which was reduced by 
 
>08 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tlu' onergotiu work of tlu' siiliscquoiit jiaslors 
 — J. C. Worlloy, 1). Ciirltoii, Kovs. O. J. Pcr- 
 rin and J. K. Jacklin. Mr. Jacklin was suc- 
 cocdod by Eovs. C. M. Coburu, W. W. Wash- 
 buni and T. G. Potter, the present resident 
 pastor. The present number of eonimunicants 
 one hundred and seventy, and the number of 
 schohirs in the Sabbalh School, one hundred and 
 sixty-one. 
 
 TRINITY I'KOTKSTANT KPISCOrAL CIIUECH. 
 
 'fhe Episcopal service was for the first time 
 publielj^ read in this county b^' the Kev. ifich- 
 ard Horry, in September, 1831. Ho came from 
 Detroit on liorse-back, and preached in the old 
 yellow court house. Two months thereafter 
 the lion. Charles C. Trowbridge accompanied 
 him, and ])ublic services were again held, at 
 which time the first baptism occurred, that of 
 Sidney D. Miller (now residing in Detroit) and 
 a daughter of General Murray, of the British 
 army. The church was tbrmally organized in 
 the spring of 1832, and (ieneral Murray and 
 Seneca Allen were elected wardens, and the 
 Rev. John 0'i?rien became the rector. The 
 first church huilding was commenced in 1833, 
 upon the lot whore the rear portion of the 
 Park Hotel now stands. On the 3d of Maj* 
 iJishop Mcllvaine confirmed twenty-one per- 
 sons. In September, 183(5, Bishop Samuel A. 
 McCroskj' made his first official visit to the 
 church. The Eev. John O'Brien continued 
 rector of the courch until 1842. The sugges. 
 tion of his name gives rise to mau}^ pleasant 
 memories, confined hy no moans to the mem- 
 bers of his church. IIo was a (iodly man, and 
 highly esteemed by those who knew him, and 
 was unquestionably one of the finest sciholars 
 in the country. 
 
 His successors were: llev. Joseph S. Largo, 
 from 1843 to 184G; Rev. W. H. Hunter, from 
 1840 until he resigned on account of ill-health ; 
 Rev. C. F. Lewis, from 1849 to 1850; Rev. Wil- 
 liam ('. Ijj-ster, from 1850 to 1855. (He was a 
 singularly refined and accomplished gentle- 
 man, and endeared himself to the citizens as 
 well as the church); Rev. .lohn Bramwell, 
 Irom 1855 to 1856; Rev. S. F. Carpenter, from 
 185(5 to 18G0; Rev. Thomas Green, from 1860 
 to 1864 ; Rev. Henry Safford, from 1864 to 1868 
 — all of whose names call for more than the 
 more raontiou, were space allowable. Great 
 
 iniprovements had been made in 1868, and as 
 all was in readiness for resuming services, the 
 church caught on fire and the building with 
 all its appointments was destroyed. The cor- 
 ner stone of the present stone church was laid 
 in June, 1868. In 1868 the Rev. (ieorge II. 
 Hastman became rector, and in 1871 the church 
 was completed and consecrated. Mr. East- 
 man resigned On account of failing health, in 
 April, 1878. Rev. Benjamin Hutchings ac- 
 cepted a call from the church August 1, 1879, 
 entered upon his pastorial charge, but resigned 
 December 1, 1881. The Rev. William H. Os- 
 born succeeded him April 3, 1882, resigned 
 February 1, 1885, and was succeeded bj^ the 
 Rev. R. D. Brooks, April 25, 1885, who is the 
 ])resent rector of the cluirch. The number of 
 communicants is eighty-nine, and average 
 luimher of Sabbath School scholars, forty. 
 
 Having a pleasant parsonage on Scott street, 
 11k' ehui'ch having accumulated the means, 
 intend huilding. adjoining the church, on Mon- 
 roe street, a Parish building of stone, to corres- 
 pond with Trinity Church. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE FIRST BAPTLST (^lURCll 
 OF MONROK. 
 
 Fifty-nine years ago, only one Baptist was 
 known to reside in Monroe; Sister Fan- 
 nie Stoddard. She had been trained under 
 the ministry of such en'iinent men of (Jod as 
 Bartholomew T Welch, D. D., and Dr. David 
 Benedict, the venerable historian ol the Wnp- 
 tists. Here, however, she was alone, and 
 waited many 3'ear8 for the coming of others of 
 her own faith and practice. At length Deacon 
 Samuel Stone and his wife, of New York, set- 
 tled at Waterloo. Hearing by some means 
 that Mrs. Stoddard was a Baptist, on a stormy 
 night in the winter of 1831, they came into 
 the city to see if it was so. The three wore 
 enough to claim the promised presence of Christ , 
 and they at once decided regularly to gather 
 together in his name. They praj^crfuUy re- 
 solved, "In the name of ourfiod, we will lift 
 up our banners." 
 
 These meetings were held in iMrs. Stoddard's 
 house. Jt was there, also, that the first ser- 
 mon ever proaehod by a Baptist minister in 
 Monroe, was delivered. This was in .lanuary, 
 1832. During this year Rev. Kber Carpenter 
 and Rev. Bradbury Clay preached as often as 
 their home duties elsewhere would jjermit. 
 
THE CHURCIIKS OK MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 i09 
 
 Tlic text of Mr. Carpc-nUTH first Hcrmon was u 
 very appropriate one, fonsidering the dcHtilutc 
 conditi'jii of thiH worthy . trio of BaptitttH : 
 "Comfort ye, comfort ye my jieople ; speatc ye 
 comfortably to JeriisahTii." 
 
 The first (•oti^;erts hapti8<'d were Mr. I), ('ur- 
 tiH and Mrs. Cynthia Skellinj^er, February 10, 
 !ind Mrw. .loel Skellinger and Mrs. I'auline 
 Miller. March 16, 1834. They "cre baptised in 
 the J{iver Raisin, by Rev. Bradbury Clay. 
 
 Around the little nucleus thus formed a few 
 others f;-dlUi:r(iii, until November fi, 1833, when 
 a Baptist Church was organized in the old log 
 court house, which then stood on the park in 
 front of the Presbyterian Church. It was 
 reorganized by a council of churches, the Hf-v- 
 vices being conducted by Elders R. I'owell, 
 rharles Randall, l>amb, and Swift. The fol- 
 lowing were the coristitucnl members: I)eacon 
 Samuel Stone, I). Whitcomb, Judson Wheeler, 
 and their wives, and Sisters Stoddard and 
 Gray, eight in number. 
 I Rev. Bradbury Clay served the church as 
 
 pastor, in connection with other churches, 
 about six months. Afler a short interval he 
 was followed in 1834 by Rev. M. Pearsall, 
 foi- a similar period of lime. The church was 
 then destitute of a pa.st^jr for 8ev(;ral years, 
 during which time prayer and covenant meet- 
 ings were regularly sustained. They were 
 usually led by Brother M. V. Savage, a worthy 
 layman, who possessed many of the elements 
 of minist«rial culture and usefulness. There 
 were occasional supplies by Elders Bradbury 
 Clay, Eber Carpenter, Thomas Bodley, Anson 
 Tucker, Robert i'owell and Marvin Allen. 
 I In 1836 an efTort was made to build a hogse 
 
 ! of worship. A lot was purchased on the corner 
 \ of First and Scott streets, and the frame 
 erected. Nothing more was done to it, how- 
 ver, for want of funds, and the house was 
 •ver completed. Alter standing several years, 
 until it became dangerous and threatened to 
 fall, the city authorities had it indicted as a 
 nuisance, and it was torn down in the summer 
 of 1846. 
 
 In the fall of 1843 Rev. Davi.l Barrett settled 
 - pastor, and remained until April, 1846. He 
 • :ts the first pastor whose residence was in 
 Monroe. Dui-ing his pastorate the church en- 
 joj-ed the first revival of any note. Many were 
 added to the church, and more pro8]>erous days 
 -eeroed to be dawning. They had leased for 
 
 two years or more, the oM brick church then 
 owned by the Presbyterians. 
 
 After him came Elder J. Parks in 1817. 
 I)uring his j)astorate tli<" church became weak- 
 ened and discouraged, and after several vain 
 attempts to maintain their organization, they 
 finally decided to disband. A written state, 
 mcnt to this effect was given to each memb<-r, 
 many of whom, having no longer a home of 
 their choice, united with churches of other de- 
 nominations. 
 
 For more than eight years there was no or- 
 ganization among th<- few Baptists of Monroe 
 and vicinity, and no meetings were held, ex- 
 ceptas Rev. Marvin Allen, who was then publish- 
 ing the Michigan Christian Herald, in Detroit, 
 was al)le occasionally to visit them and preach 
 for them. He had strongly opposed the disband- 
 ing of the original organization, and was mainly 
 instrumental in bringing about the formation 
 of a new one. At length, through his faithful 
 and untiring efforts, the present church was 
 organized on the 8th of November, \H'>7, and 
 recognized as a regular Baptist Church by the 
 Ecclesiastical Council, which met on the 26th 
 of February, 1858. The recognition services 
 were as follows : Prayer Vjy Rev. I>, H. Bab- 
 cock, of Dundee; sermon by Rev. J. A. Clark, 
 of Adrian ; Hand of Fellowship, by Rev. M. 
 Allen, of Detroit; Charge V) the Church, by 
 Rev. E. F. Piatt of Toledo ; Closing Service by 
 Rev. S. Cornelins, D. D., of Ann Ai-bor. The 
 number of constituent members was nine. 
 Their names are as follows: Titus Babcock, 
 David St.John,.Jos<;ph Doty, Thomas W'heipley, 
 T. .M. Babcock, Phebe Kinnie, Catharine Ben- 
 son, I. Doty, Fanny Duncanson. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Cornelius having supplied the 
 church a few weeks, about the time of its or- 
 ganization, was chosen its first pastor early in 
 January, 18.'J8. He accepted the call, agree- 
 ing to serve the church one-half of his time. 
 He continued to labor here about seven months, 
 when he was a|<pointed agent of the Michigan 
 ]{aptist State Convention, and entered upon 
 that work. It was during this j-ear (March 
 4th) that the first Baptist Sunday School was 
 organized in Monroe. A church library was 
 established in August. 
 
 After Dr. Corncline left, the church was sup- 
 plied during the balance of the year by Rev. 
 D. I. Parker, of Ash. 
 
 On the 2d of July, 1859, the church extended 
 
510 
 
 HISTORY OK MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ii call lo licv. W. I!. Nortlirop. of Oliin, who 
 accepted it, and settled here in September fol- 
 lowing, and continued pastor for three years, 
 or until October 1, 18C2. He also supplied a 
 large number of out-stations, at some of which 
 there were a number of conversions. During 
 his pastorate the membership of the church 
 was doubled, and at its close they were classi- 
 fied as follows: Male members, fourteen ; 
 female, thirty-two; total, forty-six. After 
 several years of service elsewhere, he has re- 
 turned again to his homo in the field of his 
 former labors. 
 
 For more than two years from (Jctober 1, 
 1862, the church was destitute of a pastor, ex- 
 cept for a few months in 1863, when they were 
 supplied somewhat regularly by Elder Snyder. 
 
 Owing to removals and various causes, the 
 membership and zeal of the church were very 
 greatly diminished. While the love of many 
 waxed cold, however, there were a very few 
 who had regularly maintained the covenant 
 meetings of the church. It was " the day of 
 small things" for the Baptist cause in Monroe. 
 Many, therefore, stood entirely aloof from what 
 seemed to be a sinking cause, while even the 
 few faithful ones were anxiouslj' inquiring, 
 " By whom shall Jacob arise ? for he is small." 
 
 In the summer 1864 Mr. C. Ives and his 
 family removed from Detroit to Monroe, and 
 naturally preferring his own kindred to 
 strangers, he endeavored to seek out his own 
 people. Hearing one day, after various in- 
 quiries, that a few Baptists were holding a 
 meeting of some kind in the court house, he 
 attempted, like Saul, "to join himself unto the 
 disciples." Like the discijiles of old, this little 
 band, seven in number, were fearful at first 
 that his object was merely to spy out their 
 weakness. Their fears, however, .soon gave 
 place to joy on learning that he, too, was one 
 of that sect " everywhere sjjoken against," and 
 that he would be one with them, and stand by 
 them under all circumstances. 
 
 We have felt justified in referring to this 
 simple event, and personal matters of this 
 character, because here was the turning jioint, 
 where the tide oi financial i^rosperity, at least, 
 began, and has ever since continued to flow. 
 Eeligioiis services were hereafter regularly 
 sustained. An effort was at once made to 
 secure a pastor, and the ([ucstion of building a 
 house of worship began to be freely discussed. 
 
 On the 1st of January, 1865, a call was ex- 
 tended to Ilev. L. J. Huntley to become pastor, 
 which was accepted. At the same time it was 
 decided to purchase some lots in a desirable 
 part of the city, and as soon as possible erect 
 thereon a suitable house of worship. Elder 
 Huntley continued as pastor one year and a 
 half, and resigned July 1, 186ti. 
 
 Rev. J. Buttei'field became pastor in Decem- 
 ber of this year, and after a pastorate of only 
 eight months, left Monroe in September, 1867, 
 to take the pastoral care of one of the churches 
 in Grand Rapids. His unexpected departure 
 had a tendency to discourage the church, who 
 had made some progress in starting the work of 
 building a chapel and house of worship. 
 
 His successor, Rev. J. S. Axtell, settled as 
 pastor in December, 1867. An Ecclesiastical 
 Council was convened for his ordination Janu- 
 ary 31, 1868. The services were conducted as 
 follows : Ordination sermon by Rev. A. Owen ; 
 prayer by Rev. S. Chase; Hand of Fellowship 
 by Rev. William Buxton ; Charge to the Can- 
 didate by Rev. A. E. Mather; Charge to the 
 Church \>y Rev. E. J. Fish. During his pas- 
 torate the church occupied the chapel for pub- 
 lic worship and Sunday School jjurjjoses, instead 
 of the court house, which had been used for 
 several jears. Elder Axtell resigned in May, 
 1870, after serving as pastor for two years and 
 a half 
 
 Rev. T. M. Shanafcit accepted a call from the 
 church in November, 1870, and commenced his 
 labors here on the first of January of the 
 following year. 
 
 Since the organization of this cluirch Novem- 
 ber 8, 1857, its pastors and other officers have 
 been as follows: 
 
 Pastors— S. Cornelius, D. D. ; W. R. North- 
 rup, L. J. Huntley, J. Butterfield, J. S. Axtell, 
 T. M. Shanafelt. 
 
 Deacons — John Boyce, Joseph Doty, J. J. 
 Smith, C. C. Myers, C. Ives. 
 
 Clerks— Titus Babcock( who served six years), 
 A. Marsh, J. J. Smith, C. C. Myers, T. N. Wells. 
 
 Treasurers— T. Bahcoek, C. Ives, T. N. Wells. 
 
 As nearly as we can ascertain there have 
 been, in all, one hundred and forty ])erson8 
 added to the church; by baptism, ninety; by 
 letter and experience, forty. 
 
 The Ladies' Benevolent Society was organ- 
 ized May 5, 1865, for the purpose of raising- 
 funds towards furnishing a new house of wor- 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 511 
 
 ship whenever it coulfl be built Tliej' have 
 plodded on faithfullj- through manj- discour- 
 ageinents, and as a result of their diligence and 
 persoverence the}' have accumulated, by means 
 of festivals, socials and membership fees, a fund 
 of ?1,261.49. 
 
 The erection of tliis house of worship was 
 hejiun in the summerof 1867. The chapel was 
 finished and occupied in January, 1868. The 
 main edifice was enclosed and frescoed during 
 the following year. It has been finished and 
 furnished since the first of January, 1871. 
 
 The pastors since Rev. T. M. Shanafelt have 
 been F. N. Barlow, W. T. Burns; supply, Taj-- 
 lor Crum, I. N. Lewis, 1). Moi-se, P. F. Ogden, 
 F. W. Gokin, and I. A. Davis, settled in 1887. 
 
 The present membership is fifty-seven. The 
 Sabbath School, including officers, teachers and 
 scholars, sixty. 
 
 THE MONROE COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. 
 
 In the year 1820, in the upper room of the 
 old yellow court house (which has given place 
 to the First Presbj'terian Church), .seventeen 
 of the first settlers, viz , Colonel John Ander- 
 son, Harry Conarit, Oliver Johnson, Jeremiah 
 Lawrence, Thomas Wilson, David Jacobs, Timo- 
 thy E. Felt, Luther Smith, William Goodale, 
 Henry Disbrow, Walcott Lawrence, Samuel 
 Felt, Joseph Farrington, John Cook, Charles 
 Noble, William A. Town and Luther Harvej-, 
 assembled for the purpose of inquiring into the 
 expediency of forming a Bible Society, and 
 resolved in the strength of the God of the 
 Bible to place the sacred truths, without note 
 or comment, in the hands of every family 
 within the county of Monroe. 
 
 To appreciate in some degree the circum- 
 stances under which this organization was 
 ctfccted, we should be mindful of the moral 
 ilarkness that then prevailed in this vicinity, 
 of the very limited facilities for intercourse 
 with, and far removed from commercial cen- 
 ters ; limited in resources, with a very small 
 amount of money; and that depreciated in 
 value. They naturallj" contrasted the situa- 
 tion with the established and well regulated 
 society from which they had emigrated to seek 
 their fortunes in the far west, and resolved 
 upon laying well the foundations of society 
 upon which their children and children's chil- 
 dren could build. The difficulties and embar- 
 
 rassments which attended the raising of means 
 for the purchase of Bibles and Testaments may 
 bo inferred from a resolution which I here 
 coj)}' from the original record : 
 
 " Resolved, As the sense of this society, that 
 the initiation fee of fifty cents maybe paid into 
 the depository of this society in cash, wheat or 
 corn, as shall best suit the convenience of 
 parties, the wheat and flour to be disposed of 
 to the best advantage for the society by the 
 board of directors." 
 
 The directors' report in January, 1823, as 
 the result of persevering effort, shows that a 
 copy of the Sacred Scriptures had been placed 
 in the hands of every family in the county 
 that was willing to receive it. The county 
 was, within nine years from its organization, 
 very thorougly canvassed three times, and a 
 Bible or Testament, without note or comment, 
 placed in the hands of every family that was 
 willing to receive it. In 1835 auxiliaries to the 
 county society were organized in several of the 
 towns of the county, and two thousand three 
 hundred and two Bibles and Testaments were 
 distributed through their agency. This society 
 became auxiliary to the American Bible Society 
 and was as old into four years. Its field of 
 labor extended beyond the limits of Monroe 
 into Wayne, Washtenaw and Lenawee counties. 
 Through their agency over seven thousand 
 Bibles and Testaments were distributed in this 
 county. The county, through this agency, has 
 been, from time to time canvassed, and nearly 
 every family that is willing to receive a copy 
 of the Bible or Testament has been supplied 
 therewith. 
 
 THE FIRST I'RKSBYTERI.\X CHllUni OF L.\ 
 SALLE 
 
 Was organized January 7, 1844, by Kev. 
 Nathaniel West, who was appointed by the 
 Presbytery of Monroe for that purpose. 
 
 January 27. 1844, Lewis Darrah, David N. 
 Hall and John T. Gilbert were elected elders, 
 and John T. Gilbert w-as chosen clerk of session. 
 Francis Chartei', Norman Barnes, John Brad- 
 ford and William Dunlapwere elected trustees. 
 
 February 16, 1844, the elders were ordained. 
 Rev. William L. Buffett was the first ])astor, 
 and was succeeded by the Rev. R. Rogers 
 Salter and Rev. K. F. Tanner as pastors. 
 The Rev. Mr. Keller supplied the pulpit from 
 1879. In 1879 Cieorge W. Bradford and Jacob 
 
512 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNIY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 A. Eauch wcro elected and ordained ciders of 
 the church. 
 
 The members have erected a jilcasant brick 
 chiu'ch which is free from any encumbrance, 
 and though it has not at this time a settled 
 pastor, the Sunday School is maintained and 
 well attended, Eldei' Jacob A. I!aacli being 
 superintendent. 
 
 THE FIRST CONtiREGATIONAL CHURCH 
 
 Of Raisin villc, Monroe county, was organized 
 June 13, 1S49, at the Paper Mill school house (so 
 called), and services were held every altei-nate 
 week at that point and Bruckner Bridge school 
 house until the erection of the churcli building, 
 which was dedicated December 19, 1855; ser. 
 mon was jireached by the Rev. Mr. Salter, of 
 La Salle ; dedicatory prayer by Rev. E. J. 
 Boyd, of Monroe. The Revs. Mr. Strong, of 
 the Presbyterian Church of Monroe, Mr. May 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Monroe, 
 took part in the exercises. The church Imild- 
 ing, at the time of its erection, was the only 
 church between Moni-oe and Dundee. The 
 society is feeble, though the puljiit is supplied 
 every Sunday. 
 
 THE PRESBYPERIAN GHl'RCH OF MILAN 
 
 Was formed by a committee of the Presbytery 
 of Monroe, October ]C, 1878, with a member- 
 ship of eight, consisting of the following 
 named persons : Henry M. Burt, Mrs. M. A. 
 Burt, Dr. N. Alpheus, G. Messic, Dr. H. H. 
 Palmer, Mrs. Lucy Palmer, Mrs. Alice (inunt- 
 lett and Mrs. S. C. Allen. Messrs. Henry M. 
 Burt and Alpheus G. Messic were elected 
 elders. Up to the present time the church has 
 been in charge of the following pastors, viz : 
 Revs. W. H. Blair, D. C. Reid, iv. S. Withing- 
 tOD, A. S. Wight, L. W. Fowler and I. W. 
 McGregor. The latter entered upon his min- 
 istry with this church in October, 1887, and is 
 at present pastor thereof In July, 1882, the 
 ground was first broken for a house of worship, 
 which was dedicated Tuesday, August 13, 
 1883. 
 
 Up to this time the Sunday school bad been 
 in union with the Methodist Episcopal School, 
 but they organized by themselves, with Fitch 
 Allen, superintendent, and there are at present 
 eighty scholars in attendance. 
 
 THE MILAN BAPTIST CHt^RCH 
 Was organized October 5, 1881, with eleven 
 communicants, viz: Durfce Simmons, Laura 
 Simmons, Jennie Leonard, Deraxa Whitmai-sh, 
 Thomas H. Fuller, Bmiline Fuller, Rev. W. 
 Buxton, Cilvilla Calkins, Elice Dexter, Thomas 
 Dexter, Catherine Medham and Melissa Dexter. 
 
 October 15, 1881, I)urfee Simmons and 
 Thomas S. Fuller were elected deacons, and 
 William Buxton, clerk. 
 
 Services were held by Elder Cochiane, Rev. 
 Mr. Buxton, F. E. Button, until June, 1884, 
 when William P. Thompson was called and 
 continued until December, 1885. He was 
 succeeded bj' Rev. O. F. A. Epinning. From 
 July 1, 1887, Rev. J. Huntington accepted a 
 call to this church, and has since been the pas- 
 tor in charge. 
 
 A lot was purchased in April, 1883, and in 
 September following, a church edifice was 
 commenced, and dedicated December 10, 1884. 
 
 The present membership under Rev. J. 
 Huntington is ninety-two. 
 
 Tiie Sunday School connected with this 
 church was organized in 1884, with A. D. 
 Jackson superintendent, which now numbei'S 
 one hundred and two scholars, with an aver- 
 age attendance of seventy two. 
 
 HISTORY OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIA- 
 TION OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 The Evangelical Association began opera- 
 tions in this county about fifty years ago, the 
 first appointment being on Port Creek, some 
 ten miles south of Flat Rock, where the first 
 missionary in the State was taken sick and 
 died. The people being few in number and 
 poor, the first ministers were obliged to travel 
 over a large scope of country and preach al- 
 most daily. The circuit to which the work in 
 this county formerly belonged extended origin- 
 ally from Ann Arbor to the Maumee River, 
 and from Monroe to Adrian. On account of 
 these circumstances the society in the city of 
 Monroe could not be properly supplied, and 
 finally disbanded, some joining the Methodist 
 Episcoj^al Church, and a few still belong to the 
 Evangelical Church in other parts of the 
 county, and still others, having finished their 
 course, have entered into rest. 
 
 ERIE. 
 
 The Evangelical Church began work here in 
 1856. The first members were Mr. M. Blouch, 
 
THE CIIUKCHF.S OK MONROIC COUNTY. 
 
 513 
 
 sr., and wife, Mr. M. Hloucli, Jr., and wife, .Miss 
 Nancy Klliot, Thomas P^lliot, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Xehemiah Fiight. Rev. 11. Spots and wife, Rev. 
 .1. Borougii and wife soon moved into tiic 
 neighborliood and visited witii tlie eliurcli, 
 and others. 
 
 In ISGG the soeiety purchased the Free Will 
 Baptist Ciiurcli, whicii \s located one mile soutli 
 of the north line of the township, and one half 
 mile east of the west line. 
 
 The society is in a healthy condition and 
 maintains an interesting Sunday School, at the 
 head of which stands Mr. Holser, as the able 
 superintendent. The school has an attendance 
 of about eighty; church members, fort3^.five. 
 
 The ministers who served the churches in 
 Monroe county, from the beginning up to the 
 ])rescnt time, are as follows: Hevs. Altmore, 
 n. Spots, C. Munk, Shaler, I). Ro.senberg, .1. .1. 
 Kopp, L. (ieorge, .). Borough, (J. Doll, II. B. 
 McBridc, J. Paulin, S. Copley, J. II. Keelcr, D. 
 W. Shafer, W. Ecmkie, A. A. Scheurcr, C. S. 
 r>rown, S. Ililbert, J. A. Frye, I). PEumbcrger, 
 F. E. Erdman, S. Heininger, H. Spitle, J. 
 (iraniley, J. J. Bernhard, .1. W. Loose, B. F. 
 Wade, F. Mueller, and the present pastor, P. 
 Scheurer. The presiding elders who have had 
 the general supervision of the work in the 
 county, were C. Munk, D. Strawman, M. .[. 
 Miller, A. Nicalai, F. Weiss, J. 11. Keeler, and 
 S. Copley, the latter serving seven years in 
 this capacit}-. 
 
 SOITII IIAISINVILLE. 
 
 The Evangelical Church was organized in 
 1861, under the pastorate of Eev. J. Spots. 
 
 The tirst members were John Swenk and 
 wife, Mr. Mitchel, wife, son and daughter, Mr. 
 Simon and wife, Geo. Bes.ser, wife and father. 
 Will Schafer, wife and lather, John Schafer 
 and wife, and Andrew Pen and wife. Othei-s 
 were soon added, such as Peter Resse and 
 family, John Sheid and family, etc. 
 
 The .society owns a good brick church, and 
 maintains an interesting Sunday School, num- 
 bering about sixty. (Jeorge Bogen is the 
 present superintendent. Peter Reese is the 
 steward, and George Bcsscr the class leader. 
 The membership is about forty. 
 
 LA SAI.LE. 
 
 The Evangelical Church (Association) was 
 organized in 1863. The first members were 
 D. Laudenslager and wife, C. Thomas and wife, 
 
 Mr. Sci]i and wife. The ScheurcMs and Troubs 
 and Millers soon followed. 
 
 The society owns a good brick church and 
 has a good Sunday School, numbering about 
 seventy-five. Mr. Smith is the superintendent. 
 The society numbei's about fifty members. 
 
 EAST UAISI.NVILLE. 
 
 The Fvangelical Church was organized in 
 1868. Rev. Iv Loose and family, Darius 
 Loose and family, .lacob Broastand wife, Lewis 
 Klein and wife, C. H. Cring and wife, .la- 
 cob Newcomer and wife, John Netcher and 
 wife, .lacob ]?ri<;htbill and wife, were the first 
 members, but others sooti folio weil, such as 
 Charles Loose. William Stahl, John Keni- 
 bcrling and Henry Moses. The .society 
 is in a nourishing condition, owns a beau- 
 tiful new church, located on the north side of 
 the River Raisin, near the old paper mill. A 
 hiirhly interesting Sunday School is main- 
 tained under the superintendency of N. .1. 
 Custer. The school numbers about one hun- 
 dred. Number of church members, eight3-- 
 three. The officers of the church arc J. Kem- 
 berling, J. C. Smutz, (ieorge Doty, C. I), 
 lioose, H. Moses. Ed. Overmoyer and Jacob 
 Broast. Peter Scheurer is the present pastoi', 
 and William King, assistant. 
 
 The Evangelical Church was organized by 
 S. Heininger, in 1883. The following were 
 among the first members : Mr. and Mrs. S. 
 McFetridgc, Mr. and Mrs. A. II. Fredenberg, 
 Mi's. W. Klipple, Misses Hester and Stella 
 Jones — tlaughtcrs of Dr. Jones, the Misses 
 Martin, Miss Kmma .Mills, Mi.ss Louisa Ren, 
 and others. 
 
 S. McFelridge is superintendent and class 
 leader, and A. II. Fredenberg, steward. The 
 present membership is about thirty. 
 
 STRASBURC. 
 
 The Evangelical Church was organized in 
 1871, the first members being John Albig and 
 wife, Mr. Harry, Eli Hansberger and wife, the 
 Misses Choats; and soon after, P]. Burket and 
 wife, I). Hansberger and wi'b. and Thomas 
 Ifan.sberger and wife united. The society 
 built a fine chapel at Strasburg Station in 1888 
 (rcc of debt. The orticers are John Albig, E. 
 Burket, D. Hansberger and Thomas Hans- 
 
 berger. 
 
514 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 WKITEFORP. 
 
 Tho Kvangelieal Church was organized in 
 1857, by Rev. C. Munlv. Among the first 
 members were John Klump and wife, John 
 Rittnor and wife, .lolin Wittmeier and wife. 
 The society owns a good church edifice, and 
 maintain.s a flourishing Sunday School, uTider 
 tlie superintendency of Mr. Peters, school num- 
 bering about .seventy five. Church members 
 number aboul fifty, but just across the State 
 line is an outgrouth of this societj-. Tlie offi- 
 cers are .John P>ittner, Mr. Priedley and Mr. 
 .b^iinson. !>. P. Pumberger is the present 
 pastor. 
 
 C.\RI.T0.N. 
 
 The Kvangelical Churcli (the first in the vil- 
 lage) was organized in 1873, by Rev. C. S. 
 Brown. Mr. E. Switzer and wife, Joseph Dep- 
 pin and wife. Father Deppin and wife, and 
 others, were among the first members. The 
 society owns a chui'ch and maintains a good 
 Sunday School, numbering aboiit sixty, and 
 the number of church members is about forty. 
 The officers are C. Switzer, J. 1). Crane, John 
 Pemberger. 
 
 A. 11. Schcurer is the ]ire.sent jiastor. 
 
 The outlook fm- the future is fair. 
 
 PORT I'KEK.K. 
 
 The Kvangelical Cliurch was organized in 
 1871. Father Jjangs and wife, Enoch Langs 
 and wife, Mother Walter, Will Chamberlain 
 and wife, Murray Chamberlain and wile, were 
 among the first members. A good Sunday 
 School is maintained, the number of attend- 
 ants being about fifty. The number of church 
 members is about thirty. Enoch Langs, Wil- 
 liam Langs, .lohn ( 'arler and W. Carter are the 
 officers. 
 
 HEHLIN. 
 
 The Kvangelical Church was organized by 
 J. W. Loose; is at present a small society num- 
 bering about twenty members, among whom 
 are ClarU McKenzic and wife, Mr. Wallace 
 and wife, Mr. Reynolds and wife, Mr. Root, etc. 
 
 SOUTH ROCKWOOD. 
 
 In 1884 Hon. John Strong riiade a very gen- 
 erous offer to ihe Kvangelical Church, donat- 
 ing a good lot and giving a large amount of 
 money for a church edifice, which was built in 
 due course of time. At the present writing 
 Pcv. A A. Scheurer is in tlie midst of a glori- 
 
 ous revival. Man}- are turning unto the Lord. 
 The prospects are that a society of forty to 
 fifty members will be organized. 
 
 A Sunda}^ School of number about one hun- 
 dred is maintained. 
 
 SI'Ml'TEll. 
 
 Ill ISSli a society was organized by the 
 Kvangelical Church, with some thirty mem- 
 bers, Peter Scheurer being the pastor, with 
 William King as assistant. 
 
 THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF 
 MONROE. 
 
 In 1837, Mr. (ieorge Bruckner, a very enter- 
 prising, courteous and intelligent gentleman, 
 came from Bavaria with his family to Monroe, 
 and upon his invitation, other Bavarian Lu- 
 theran families emigrated thither. In the fall 
 of 1844 seventeen families had made their per- 
 maneiit homes in Monroe through his influence. 
 For several years they remained united in one 
 church, the religious services being conducted 
 bj- Pev. Frederick Smith, who came every 
 eight weeks ; later, every six weeks, from 
 Ann Arbor. The congregation desiring a min- 
 ister of their own, they sought and received aid 
 from Prof. Winkler, of Columbus, Ohio, who 
 sent them a temporar}- supply from the Lu- 
 theran seminary in that city. Soon after sev- 
 eral missionaries arrived from Bavaria, and 
 among the number, after some deliberation, 
 Rev. William Halsted was invited to become 
 the pastor on condition of conforming with all 
 the tenets of the Lutheran Church. In Sep- 
 tember, 1844, he was duly ordained pastor of 
 the church at Monroe. He visited immediately 
 every fiimilj' of his congregation, and others; 
 acquainted himself with their spiritual condi- 
 tion, which was sadly needing discipline. He 
 organized the congregation, dividing into three 
 districts, all under one head, comprising all the 
 German Lutherans in the count}-. 
 
 In 1844 tho first election of church officers 
 took place. G. A. Baumann, Andrew Hoff- 
 man, William Brunner and G. Gussenbauer, 
 were duly elected trustees. 
 
 On the 10th of November, 1846, the three 
 districts were reunited in one, under the name 
 of the German Evangelical Lutheran Church 
 of Monroe. 
 
 Emigration during 1846 was very active, 
 and membership rapidly increased. Soon after 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 515 
 
 ilio (irdiiiiition of Mr. William Uulstoil lu' 
 iinitrd with tlio Lutheran Synod of Michigan ; 
 i-cniaiiu(l a inomlter thereof until 1846, when, 
 with several other ministers, severed their con- 
 nection therewith, for the reason the Synod had 
 i-cecived to its memhorship a minister who had 
 openlj- refused to conform to all the rules and 
 tenets of the Kvangelical Church. His subse- 
 ((ueiit union with the Synod of Missouri caused 
 dissatisfaction in iiis congregation; he was 
 requested to omit some of the ceremonies con- 
 nected with communion service, and to return 
 to the Michigan Sj'nod. Refusing to comply 
 with their requests twenty families left his 
 church ; charges were preferred which resulted 
 in following the advice and suggestion of his 
 board of trustees, and giving up the church 
 building and grave jard, thereby putting an 
 I'ud to their controversies. 
 
 In 1847 another departure occurred. Seven 
 families left the church, and they being strength- 
 ened b}- a number of new arrivals, organized 
 the Zion parish in ojiposition to the wi.shcs of 
 Mr. llalsled. 
 
 In 1846 two new congregations were organ- 
 ized, one .south and the other north of Moni'oe, 
 the three congregations embracing ninety 
 families, of whom only sixteen were in the 
 city. On the 26tli of August, 1847, the church 
 south broke off all connection with the S^-nod 
 and the minister and church here, leaving only 
 some seventy or eighty fiunilies attached to the 
 original church ; and this division led to two 
 organizations in the city, the second congrega- 
 tion occupied the brick church — lormerly 
 Presbyterian — on Cass street. 
 
 In 1849 the Trinity— Lutheran — Church 
 was organized and a lot purchased for a build- 
 ing, on .Scott street, where Trinit}' Church now 
 stands, and which was dedicated August 10, 
 1852, embracing at the time fifty-four families. 
 The same year the Sandy Creek Church was 
 full^- organized with a clergj-man of their ow'n, 
 the Rev. H. Lewke as pastor. After the divi- 
 sion in 1847 Trinity Church numbered, or was 
 attended, b}- throe hundred and thirty souls ; 
 from 1848 to 1849 there were three iiundred 
 and ninety-five souls ; from 1849 to 1850 there 
 were four hundred and twenty souls ; from 1850 
 to 1851 there were four hundred and fifty souls ; 
 fi'om 1851 to 1852 the number of souls were five 
 hundred; from 1852 to 1853 there were four 
 hundred and thirty souls. The falling off in 
 
 the number of those attending the church at 
 Ibis time was owing to the organization of the 
 Sandy Creek Church. From 1853 to 1854 tliere 
 were foui- hundred and fifty ; 1854 to 1855 the 
 number of souls was five hundred. At the 
 present time the numbei- of families attending 
 the church is about one hundred and twenty, 
 and the number of persons seven hundred. In 
 1855 there were forty-six baptisms. Thus 
 the Rev. Mr. Halstcd gathered a largo con- 
 gregation, composed principally of Germans 
 who were born in Europe. But at this time 
 his church numl)ers many who have grown up 
 in this country, and this number must rapidly 
 increase, 
 
 1 recognize among our Cerman population 
 but few who were here i)rovioiis to 1844, at 
 which time Mr. Halstod commenced his labors. 
 Among those who arrived previous to that 
 year I may mention the oldest resident (Ger- 
 mans, Frederick Waldorf, Frederick Reiser and 
 Mr. Leinly; there arc perhaps a few others 
 whose names do not occur to me. In the fall 
 of 1848 his congregation purchased land for a 
 grave yard and commenced preparations for a 
 church building; the corner stone was laid Maj- 
 7, 1849; completed in August, 1852, situated on 
 Scott street, receiving the name of the Holy 
 Trinity Church. In 1853 the cemetery was 
 enlarged. In 1S5I tiie church lost several 
 members from the cliolera. In 1855 several 
 members of the Catholic Church united with 
 the church and it gradually increased in num- 
 bers. In the same year the labors of Dr. Ual- 
 sted wei-e decreased by the addition of a school 
 teacher, Mr. Solomon Simon, who faitiifully 
 performed his difficult work. In 1857 seven- 
 teen families united with the church, and sev- 
 ei'al were expelled for unrul}- conducl. and 
 several for having joined secret societies, 
 whicii was contrary' to the rides of the .synod. 
 In 1860 the church was enlarged by a twenty- 
 five feet addition on the east end, and a bell 
 an<l new organ purchased. 
 
 A lai-ge number of your)g men from this 
 church responded to the call of their country 
 in 1861 for the suppression of the rebellion, 
 thirty of whom wei-e, numliered among the 
 killed. 
 
 Solomon Simon was, from 1SG5, for a num- 
 ber of years associated with Rev. .Mr. Ilal- 
 sted as a teacher, and the prosperity of the 
 church and school was such as to require an 
 
nir, 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ailililioiial assistant to Mr. Simon. In 18(;0 
 fuuils were raised to meet the demand for 
 room, and a larijc two-story brick building 
 was erected near tlic cluireh. On the twenty- 
 tifih annivensary of Mr. Halsted's pastorate, a 
 very substantial expression of the esteem in 
 which he was held was given, in which the en- 
 tire congregation and neighboring congrega- 
 tions conimeniorated the daj' with a]ipro])riate 
 festivities. 
 
 The Rev. William Halsted, after a very 
 successful pastorate of fortj- years, entered into 
 his rest on the 22d day of March, 1884, From 
 March, 1884, to August, of the same year, the 
 Rev. Mr. Trautman, of Adrian, ministered to 
 the chiu-cli, until August 3, 1884, when the 
 Rev. Carl Frank's was installed pastor and 
 still continues to act as such. Within the 
 jiast year a very substantial brick building 
 has been erected cast of the church building, 
 at a cost of SI, 500, for a library and gym- 
 nasium for the scholars of the school, number- 
 ing now one hundi'ed and forty-six, and two 
 teachers. The comiuiinicants now number 
 four hundred and fiftj-five. 
 
 THE ZION EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN 
 CIU'RCH 
 
 Was organized in 1847 (colonized from the 
 First Evangelical Lutheran Church of Monroe) 
 by Rev. Mr. Duenser. It purchased the brick 
 church, corner of First and Cass street, pre- 
 viously built by the First Presbyterian Church 
 of Monroe. The site of the brick church has 
 given place to a parsonage and two-story brick 
 parochial school, and in the year 1883 the con- 
 gregation purchased the lot and erected a ver^' 
 spacious and elegant brick church, on the 
 corner of Cass and Second street, at a co.st of 
 $7,000. The Rev. Ducnser was succeeded by 
 Revs. Rudoljjh, Diehl, Mutchell, Kiengman, 
 Lutz, Fontain, Raiple and the Rev. J. M. 
 Eippcrle, last of whom was installed October 
 27, 1889. The present number of communi- 
 cants, five hundred; and the number of 
 scholars in attendance u])0n the parochial 
 school is ninety-eight. 
 
 EMANUEL LUTHERAN CHURCH 
 
 Colonized from Zion's Kvangelical Lutheran 
 Chui'ch of Monroe, nnd organized under the 
 pastorate of Rev. Charles Diehl in 1856, who 
 was succeeded by Revs. Augiist Herzberger, 
 
 Charles Luberkert, K. I). Widniann, Louis 
 Kribz, August Michaelis, Ludwig Dammasum, 
 Charles Fred. Seitz. The present pastor. Rev. 
 C. Hohls, commenced his pastorate September 
 23, 1889. The church built in 1856 a frame 
 churcii on the corner of Front and Scott streets, 
 which is still occupied with an addition on the 
 east side for school j)urposes. The members of 
 the first council were: Henry Peters, Peter 
 Matter, Courad Rapp, Philip Keiser and Con- 
 rad Kas.selmann. The membership is ninety, 
 scholars in attendance at parochial school, forty. 
 
 THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ZION 
 CHURCH OF OTTAWA LAKE 
 
 Was organized October 16, 1861. The consti- 
 tution was signed by Frederick Beckshoeft, 
 John Pepper, John Falkenhagen, John Schuh- 
 mann, Carl Jacobs, William Schroder, Ernst 
 Ruwaldt, John Kading and Fritz Jacobs. 
 
 A lot was purchased for twenty-five dollars, 
 and church erected at a cost of $3,600, which 
 was completed and dedicated July 17, 1887. 
 The property no^v being worth, including the 
 church with a seating capacity of fourteen 
 hundred, a school building and pastor's resi- 
 dence, the sum $5,000. 
 
 The first minister was the Rev. William 
 Kroenke, who ministered to this church from 
 November 10, 1861, to November 16, 1868. He 
 was followed December 16, 1868, by the Rev. 
 Conrad Ide, who remained until May 3, 1874. 
 Rev. G. A. Schieferdecker was called May 3d, 
 and remained until October, 1875, when the 
 present pastor. Rev. L. C. Schober, took charge, 
 the membership during this time having in- 
 creased from nine to ninety families, the 
 annual expenses of the church being about 
 $1,000. A parochial school was opened liy the 
 Rev. Kroenke, which aftoj'ds instruction to 
 about forty children. 
 
 ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH AT WHITEFORD 
 CENTER 
 
 Was organized September 27, 1H67, with the 
 following members : John Schroeder, George 
 Denni, Leonhard Schmidt, Christian Beschoff, 
 Carl Carrsichr, Christian Strigow, Caroline 
 Beschoff, Claus Grotto. 
 
 A lot was purchased for fifty dollars and a 
 churcli, with a seating capacity of two hundred 
 persons, and costing about $1,700, was built 
 and dedicated September 16, 1888. 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY, 
 
 5\1 
 
 The pastors have been the same as at Otta- 
 wa Lake, of which it was a mission. The 
 present membership is thirt3--fivc, ami tlie an- 
 nual expenses two hundred dollars. 
 
 ROMAN' (WTIIOIJC CHURCHKS OF MONROK 
 COUNTY. 
 
 COI'V OF FIRST APPLICATIO.N FOR A PRIK.ST. 
 
 First Assembly of Catholic Citizens at the. River Raisin. 
 Registered in my office in the Book No. 1 , on pages 2SS 
 and 28!t. Peter Audrain, Clerk. 
 
 Before me, and in presence of Mr. Frichetto, 
 priest and pastor of the Parish of St. Anne, at 
 Detroit, the undersigned here to-day assembled 
 to comply with the views of Monseigneur, the 
 bishop, namely, that the inhabitants of the new 
 settlement on the liiver Raisin should agree for 
 chosing a convenient place for a parsonage, 
 and to Imy of Mr. Montigny one acre and two 
 rods of land, for the sum of four hundred 
 francs, and also one-half acre as a free gift 
 from Joseph Hivon ; said land to serve as a 
 monument to the Lord. 
 
 On these one acre and a half and two rods 
 shall be built the church, the presbytery and 
 enclosure, and the said laud shall belong to the 
 pastor or his successors. Hoping that thus we 
 will meet the views of Monseigneur we will 
 Commence with the presbyter}^, which, with 
 the help of the Lord, will also serve as a chapel. 
 We hope and wish that meanwhile Parson 
 Frichette will visit our settlement, the weather 
 permitting, and honor us with the holy .sacra- 
 ments, which we will beg to deserve, and wo 
 promise to him the customary tithes. 
 
 In the expectation that Monseigneur will 
 approve of our undertaking, and that lie will 
 have us participate of the grace and indul- 
 gence, we sign our name or mark to-day, the 
 15th of October, 1788. 
 
 Jean X Duhrnil. 
 Louis X Ledux. 
 T.- Britier Benae. 
 Gabriel X Godfroy. 
 Ixjuis Gallaine. 
 Joseph Bordean. 
 — Degeine. 
 Louis X Suzor. 
 Baptiste X Couture. 
 Antoine X CannKiu. 
 Paple X Couture, tily. 
 Charles X Cauline. 
 Francis X Labau.v. 
 Rosella X Dronor. 
 
 Baptiste X Tailland. 
 Louis X Devanx. 
 — Cicott. 
 
 Ceyamani X Navar. 
 Baptiste X Dronillard. 
 Charles D. Chabert. 
 Jean Louis X Lazoiness. 
 .lean lais X Soiirdilat. 
 Pierre X AV. lA»e. 
 .Io.se]ili X Menor. 
 Jacjues X ( iagnier. 
 Joseph X Dronillard, 
 Francis X Jeandron. 
 Margaret X De Baptiste. 
 
 Bean X Jo Bean. 
 Jaques X Prudone. 
 Joseph X Biss< incite. 
 Pierre X Jonceo. 
 Bazil X Cousino. 
 Joseph X Poiifret. 
 Etienne X Jacob. 
 
 Baptiste X Lapoint. 
 Jean Baptiste X Bissonette. 
 Crisopliorn X ."^t. Louis. 
 Jean X I)u.saux. 
 Gabriel X Bissonette. ' 
 Alexis X Level. 
 
 THK KOMAX CATHOLIC CHURCH OF .ST. 
 ANTHONY. 
 
 Now known as St. Mary's, was oi'gani/.ed Oc- 
 tober 10, 1788, by Father Frichette. It was 
 situated on the Momcni farm, two miles west 
 of the present site, and on the north side of 
 the river. It was then considered a central 
 point in the .settlement, and four hundred francs 
 was paid for the land ; the adjoining one-half 
 acre was donated by Joseph Ilivon. The first 
 church building was not well adapted to the 
 needs of the society, and in a dilapidated con- 
 dition in 1843 was taken down — its crumbling 
 remains are still to be seen. Most of the Can- 
 adian settlers were very poor, and for many 
 years were visited by Jesuits and missionaries 
 of other religious orders, who never received anj- 
 compensation for their labors from them, and 
 were sustained b}- voluntary contrilnitions 
 from France. They were too often neglected 
 b}' tartly aid from abroad, and b^' those unac- 
 customed to give of their Hock, vvho neglected 
 that divine ])reeept so flagrantly that the poor 
 ])riests were obliged to leave. 
 
 Father Frichette was succeeded b\- Rev. 
 Father Antoine Gouiletn, who remained from 
 April t(j July, 1788, and then returned tt) 
 Kentucky. He was succeeded by Rev. Ed- 
 mund Burke, who remained but about two 
 years. The members obligated themselves for 
 the support of the church to give one-twentj'- 
 fiflh part of all they hai-vested from their 
 farms, and each individual member was to de- 
 liver one cord of wood at the pastoral resi- 
 dence. 
 
 Father J>evadoux succeeded FatlKi- Ihirke. 
 and continued pastor until 18(12. During his 
 residence his jieople promised to pay the same 
 amount of wood, and each individual, fiir his 
 support, was to pay four per cent, of receipts. 
 Father Dilhet succeedeil Rev. E. Burke, and 
 during his pastorate the Bishojjs of i?altimore 
 and (Quebec visited St. Mary's and confirmed 
 one hundred and ninety persons. Father 
 J)ilhet made many unsuccessful attempts to 
 erect a (diurch, and left in the spring of 1805. 
 
518 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Ho waH .siifoocdiHl liy liov. (iubricl Richard in 
 Octolier, 1805, who, until 1827, ministered to 
 the fiiureh in an able and energetic manner, 
 giving aid to, and obtaining aid from the Ciov- 
 ernment for tiiose who had been rendei'cd poor 
 by the desolations of the war, and though from 
 time to time he received assistance from other 
 priests, he had the supervision of the church 
 for nearly thirtj'-two years. 
 
 During the ministrj- of Father liichard it be- 
 came liis duty, according to the rules of the 
 church, to cxcoinmunicate one of his parish- 
 ioners, who had been divorced from his wife. 
 The man prosecuted bim for defamation of cliar- 
 actei-. in Detroit, andobtained averdict of $1,000. 
 This money the poor father could not pay, and 
 he was couse(|uently imprisoned in the com- 
 mon jail, but just before this event, in 1823, he 
 had been elected a delegate from the Territorj^ 
 of Michigan to Congress, and went directly 
 from his prison to the floor of Congress. 
 
 Father Richard was a man of great benevo- 
 lence and executive ability, and a very accom- 
 plished gentleman. He died in Detroit Sep- 
 tember 13, 1832. From 1828 Father Vincent 
 Badin presided over the congregation, and a 
 church situated on the old fair grounds was 
 built. It was subsequently used by the Irish 
 Catholics, and ministered to by his brother, 
 Eev. Stephen Theodore Badin, who was Vicar- 
 General of the Diocese of Baltimore, then, how- 
 even-, of Cincinnati. 
 
 Father Samuel Smith became pastor in July, 
 1829, and was followed in 1831 by Father 
 Cumniings, who remained but a few years. 
 Rev. Father Carabin came from the church of 
 Erie to Monroe, and during his administration 
 the large brick church was built — commenced 
 in 1834, and entirely com])letod and conse- 
 crated in the absence of the Bishop in 1839, bj' 
 Father Kundig, who recently died in Milwau- 
 kee, Wisconsin. From 1834 to 1836 Father 
 McCosker had charge of the Irish church. 
 Father Toussaint Santillis succeeded Father 
 (Jarabin and remained until June, 1844, when 
 Father Louis Gillot, of the Order of Redemjj- 
 torists, under whom the now sanctuary and 
 bouse, constituting the large addition to St. 
 Mary's Church, was built in 1845. He was 
 succeeded by Father Smoulders, of the same 
 Order, in 1847, and Fathers Poirier and 
 Francis were brother companions in the ser- 
 vices, and remained until May, 1855. Rev. 
 
 Father Van Gennipand Father Henry Rievers 
 came in November, 1855. Father Smoulders 
 came in 1847, and during the eight years 
 following that he remained he was tireless, 
 and his work is still seen in the direct fruits 
 it bore. Fiithcr Van Gennip had charge in 
 1856, and the following j'oar ho organized 
 St. Michael's Parish for the German ]jopula- 
 tion. In 1857 Father Joos, became pastor of 
 the historic St. Mary's. Active, energetic, 
 zealous, his field of labor extended into all the 
 surrounding county. Mi-ssions sprang up under 
 him and schools were established. His per- 
 soiuil influence lent to his efforts and an im- 
 petus was given which was felt in the whole 
 community. In 1862 he started St. Mary's 
 Academy, an educational institution which now 
 ranks high as a ladies' school. Since its be- 
 ginning he has been its director and has plan- 
 ned and carried the re.sponsibility of the erec- 
 tion of buildings, and has constantly made im- 
 provements in its courses of studj^ and in its 
 department work. As an assistant he after- 
 wards had Father Camillus P. Macs, the pres- 
 ent Bishop of Covington. 
 
 In 1872 the multiplication of Catholic fami- 
 lies demanded still anotber parish. Father Maes 
 organized St. John's congregation and built 
 the present St. John's Church, of which Rev. 
 Father Camillus P. Maes became pastor. At 
 St. Michael's Church has' officiated for the past 
 twenty-five years, Father Schmittdiel, a De- 
 troiter by birth. His work has been unremit- 
 ting, his zeal undimmod and the results accom- 
 plished have been manifold. Over St. Mary's 
 Father Bernard Soffers, long pastor of old Stc. 
 Anne's in Detroit, now officiates, as zealous and 
 efficient as in his younger days. 
 
 F'ather Soffers, the present pastor, who has 
 done much to imi^rove the aiipearauce of the 
 church and grounds, built a fine rectory in the 
 rear of St. Mary's, and at the centennial cele- 
 bration of the chureb, showed ma,rked executive 
 ability and artistic talent. Father Joos, in 
 1877, was ap2)ointed Vicar- General of the 
 Diocese of Detroit, the duties of which he has 
 performed with acknowledged credit and ac- 
 ceptance. The esteem in which he is held 
 throughout the State ma_y be inferred from the 
 fact that his name was, at the time the succes- 
 sor of the Eight Rev. Bishop Pelei Paul Lefevre 
 was elected, one of the most promii\ont con- 
 sidered. 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 519 
 
 On Sunilay, December 2, 1888, the recently 
 elected Bishop, the Right Rev. Bishop Fole}-, 
 made his first visit to Monroe, and tlie hearty 
 giveting whici) he received surpassed any re- 
 ception ever received here, thougii tamed as are 
 the people of our beautiful Floral City for 
 hospitality. 
 
 On November 28, 1889. the one hundredth 
 unniversity of the dedication of the tirst 
 Catholic Church of Monroe was celebrated by 
 the unvailing of a monument to commemorato 
 the event. The monument consists of a mas- 
 sive block of granite, suitably inscribed, upon 
 which stands a white imported marble statue 
 eight feet in height, representing the Record- 
 ing Angel. 
 
 A very large assembl}' was present to wit- 
 ness ceremonies. Bishoj) Foley and nearly all 
 the prominent Catholic clergy in Southern 
 .Michigan participated. 
 
 Bishop Fr)ley made an elegant address, con- 
 trasting the tirst visit of a bishop of the church 
 to dedicate the log chui-ch, two miles west of 
 Monroe. At that time the county was a 
 wildernes.", and the nearest bi.shop was at 
 • ifuebee, and to dedicate the little log church 
 he made the journey in a canoe propelled by 
 two Indian guides. Contrasting it with the 
 three large and flourishing parishes — St. 
 Mary's, St. John's, St. Michael's, which, with 
 the convent of the Sacred Heart, one of the 
 ]>rincipal Catholic institutions of the State, 
 which are monuments of the untiring zeal and 
 faithful labors and business management of 
 Monseigneur Edward Joos. 
 
 MOXSEIGNET'K KUWARD .lOOS, 
 
 The son of I5erriard and Marv (De Weird) 
 Joos, was b(jrn April '.), 1825, at the village of 
 Somergen, East Flanders, Belgium. His early 
 education was received in the parish schools of 
 Somergen, in the Flemish and French langu- 
 ages. Until at the age of thirteen he went to 
 the College of Thielt in West Flanders, where 
 he received a classical education, and in 1843 
 entered the Ecclesiastical Seminary of Ghent, 
 wtiere he studied philosophy and theology for 
 five 3-ears, and on June 17, 1848, was ordained 
 in the famous Cathedral of St. Bavo. He ex- 
 ercised the ministry for two years in Wach- 
 tebeke. East Flanders, and in the city of 
 
 Eecloo for seven years. He came to America 
 in 185G, and was at once assigned to Old St. 
 .\nne"s Church in Detroit, where he remained 
 until November, 18.")7, when Right Rev. P. J'. 
 Lefever, Bishop of Detroit, .sent him to .Mon- 
 roe to take the chai'ge of the French and Eng- 
 lish congregation at St. Mary's Church, and 
 also having charge of the numerous missions 
 in the county, and in which capacity he served 
 in the vineyard of the Lord for fifteen years. 
 Father Maes, now Bishop of Covington, Ken- 
 tuckj-, was sent to assist him in his arduous 
 duties in 1870, when he gave his services as 
 director of St. Mary's Convent, under the 
 Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of 
 Mary. In 1873 Father Maes organized St. 
 John's Church for the Hiiglish, and the Rev. 
 B. G. Soffers (whose assistant Monseigneur Joos 
 was in 1856), was appointed pastor of the 
 French portion of St. Mary's congregation. 
 Wlien the Right Rev. Bisiiop Borgess, of De- 
 troit, went to Rome in April, 1877, Father 
 Joos was appointed administrator of the dio- 
 cese with the title of Vicar-General. Again, in 
 April, 1887, on the resignation of Bishop Bor- 
 gess, he was called to the same position, in 
 which he served until November, 1888, when 
 Bishop Folej' succeeded to the bishopric. 
 
 In all the several positions with which he has 
 been honored, his duties have been performed 
 with acknowledged ability and acceptance to his 
 superiors bj' whom he is hehl in esteem, and 
 who have bestowed on him many tokens of their 
 friendship and regard. Bishop Foley, on his 
 accession to the See of Detroit, appointed him 
 as Yicar-General of the Diocese. His faithful 
 services have not been overlooked by the 
 Papal authorities in Rome, as in Januar}-, 1889, 
 the Pope raised him to the dignify of a Do- 
 mestic Prelate to His Holiness, Pope Leo XIII, 
 which last honor makes him one of the family 
 of His Holiness the Pope. 
 
 ST. MARY'S SEMINARY. 
 
 In the history of St. Mary's Academy, dating 
 back for nearly half a centiiry, we find a chap- 
 ter full of interest. Looking at the commu- 
 nity of the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate 
 Heart of Mary, such as it was in 1845, it would 
 require a prophet to tell that there was for it 
 any future. Then, two sisters only were en 
 
520 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 gaged in teaching the parochial sc-hool attached 
 to St. Mary's Church, under the direction of 
 the Ecdemptionist Fathers; to-day, tlic eom- 
 ni unit}' numbers nearly two hundred incmbei's. 
 
 The log house in which the sisters first 
 dwelt was removed, and a largo frame building 
 erected, which later was replaced by the beau- 
 tiful building (part of which is to be seen in 
 the sketch), that is now nearing its comple- 
 tion. 
 
 The academy is situated on the north side 
 of the River Raisin in one of the most beautiful 
 localities of the city. Jt is spacious, well-ven- 
 tilated, and furnished with all modern improve- 
 ments. The study halls, class rooms, dining 
 rooms, sleeping aitartments and recreatiou halls, 
 are commodious and callable of giving accom- 
 modation to one hundred or one hundred and 
 fifty resident pupiis. 
 
 The grounds surrounding the acaiieniy are 
 extensive and handsomely laid out in walks 
 and groves. 
 
 The island, a short distance west of the 
 Academy, has been purchased and fitted u]) as 
 a pleasure ground in which the pupils spend 
 the greater part of their recreation hours. 
 
 Wliile the institution has attained the well- 
 earned reputation of a first class academy, and 
 is pronounced by all who visit it as being one 
 of the finest in our State, it cannot fail to be 
 appreciated by parents who have at heart the 
 education of their children ; for the discip- 
 linary government is mild, j-et sufficiently 
 energetic to preserve order and regularity. 
 
 The morals and general deportment of the 
 pupils are assidiously watched by the sisters, 
 who, while forming their hearts to virtue and 
 tlieir minds to the usages of refined society, 
 give every attention to their advancement in 
 the different sciences, and their comforts and 
 personal habits receive tlie same attention as if 
 they were in the bosom of their own fiimilies. 
 
 Attached to the convent is an orjjhan asy- 
 lum which the communitj' has maintained since 
 IS")'.!. Jt is a private orphanage, and supports 
 ordinarily about fifteen children, mostly from 
 the city and its vicinity. Nor is the work of 
 the sisters confined to the academ}' and schools 
 of this cit}-. They are engaged in teaching in 
 nearly all the leading cities in tlie State, having 
 under their charge over six thousand [)upils. 
 
 This academy being at the head of a chain 
 of similar institutions, over which it has a 
 
 supervisor, with Monsigncur Joos as Chief 
 Superior, who with much ability has advanced 
 
 the intei-i^sts of this institution and cuntributed 
 to its success. 
 
 REV1':REND FATHKIi BERNARD (ilODFREID 
 SOFFERS 
 
 Is a native of Ginneken, near Breda, in the 
 Province of North Brabant, Holland, where he 
 was born March 10, 1826, his parents being 
 Peter and Adrianne (Balmakers) Soffers. His 
 early education in his native tongue and the 
 French language was received in the schools of 
 his own native village, after which he jHu-sued 
 a French course in the Preparaton}- Seminary 
 at Hoostraeten, Belgium, his classics in Ouden- 
 bosch, and his theological course in Hoeven, 
 Province of North Brabant, Holland, where he 
 was ordained to the priesthood May 25, 185(», 
 and ap])oiuted assistant pastor in the Diocese 
 of Breda, Holland. His first charge as jjriest 
 was when he was sent to Halsteren, and from 
 there to Rozendaal, in which places he ren^ained 
 for about three years, until October, 1853, he 
 came to America and was sent to the old St. 
 Anne's Church, in Detroit (where for sometime 
 Father Joos was his assistant). After a few 
 months as assistant he had full charge as yias- 
 lor, and in connection with that parish the mis- 
 sion at Grosse Point, until Father F. J. De Bronx 
 was appointed the first resident priest at that 
 place. During his pastoratein St. Anne's beheld 
 services in the Belgium and Hollandisch lan- 
 guages, and had charge of the first colored 
 Catholic congregation in Detroit, and was the 
 .spiritual adviser of the St. Augustine School, 
 on the corner of Larned and Antoine streets. 
 His arduous duties in connection with these 
 charges dui'ing the nineteen years of his pas- 
 torate in St. Anne's, drew heavil}' on a nat- 
 urally strong constitution, and in 1872 he was 
 relieved by tlie bishop, and after passing a 
 year in Europe for the benefit of his health, 
 again reported for duty, and was assigned to 
 St. Mary's Parish, in Monroe, in which field 
 his labors began July 5, 1873, and ten years 
 later Father DeBroux was sent to his assistance 
 there, including the missions at New lioston 
 and Roekwood, the congregations numbering 
 about five hundred families. 
 
lb i 7 f^ 
 
 
V 
 
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 'P^i' //////' <^ 
 
 MUMSELLJ! !> NV 
 
THE CHURCIIKS OF MONROE COUNTY 
 
 521 
 
 ST. MICHAEL'S CHURCH 
 
 Was organized in 1855, by Rev. Fr. Ki-onon- 
 berg, Eedemptorist. Soon after the organiza- 
 tion it purchased the residence and premises in 
 tlio First Ward, on Front Street, from George 
 B. Ilarleston. 
 
 The residence being quite spacious, was con- 
 verted into a church (now used for school 
 jiurposes), which gave place to the large brick 
 church, 145x60 feet, in 1867. The two-story 
 brick pastoral residence, 32x28 feet, was con- 
 structed in 1873. 
 
 Rev. Father Kronenberg was succeeded by 
 Fathers Majesky, WehrJe and Stengel, until 
 .Inly 24, 1863, when the present pastor. Rev. 
 i'ather Benjamin D. Schmiltdiel assumed the 
 charge, and is the present pastor. .Inly 24, 
 1888, Father Schmittdiel celebrated the twenty- 
 Hflh anniversarj- of his charge of St. Michaers 
 Parish. The Parochial School connected with 
 this church has an attendance of one hundred 
 and sixty scholars, and the number of com- 
 municants, seven hundred and fifty. 
 
 REV. FATHER BENJAMIN D. SCHMITTDIEL 
 
 Was born of German parents, in Lancaster, 
 Pennsylvania, August 81, 1834. When but 
 three years of age he went with his parents, 
 ITcnry A. and Theresa Schmittdiel, to Detroit. 
 When but eight years old he conceived the 
 idea of entering the priesthood, but was uti- 
 successful at several times, until between the 
 ages of fourteen and seventeen years he 
 learned the trade of a shoemaker, and when in 
 his twentieth year he had a dream which 
 awiikened the old desire in his heart. The 
 dream was vividly impressed upon his mind, 
 more especially as it was almost literally ful- 
 filled the next day. His dream was, that while 
 lu' was working at liis bench in the shoemaker's 
 ihop, a carriage drove up, and a priest, alight- 
 ing, entered the shop and asked, " Uo you 
 want to be a priest?'' " Yes, if I can succeed. " 
 • Come with me." Immediately he followed, 
 and on awakening, the dream was so vivid be- 
 fore his mind's eye that he could not get rid of 
 the thought that if such a dream could come 
 true, the height of his ambitions would 
 be realized. That afternoon his dream was 
 made reality, and he remained with the priest for 
 about three months, when he entered the Sem- 
 
 inary of St. Thomas, near Heardstown, Ken- 
 tucky, where lie studied cla.ssics and philoso- 
 phy, and after finishing his course there he 
 was sent by Right Reverend P. P. Lefevre, 
 Bishop of Detroit, to Milwaukee, for the studj- 
 of theolog}-. Finishing his course July 19, 
 18G3, he was ordained priest and appointed to 
 Monroe in charge of St. Michael's, where he 
 conimcnced his pastorate July 24, 1863. A 
 sketch of the life of Father Schmittdiel would 
 hardly be complete without a mention of St. 
 Michael's. In 1843 there were only three Ger- 
 man Catholic families in the city of Moni"oe. 
 Their number gradually increased, so that in 
 1845 Rev. Peter Kronenberg, of the congrega- 
 tion of the Most Holy Redeemer, or Order of 
 Redemptorists (C. S. S. R.), found fourteen 
 families in the city, and undertook to unite 
 them and form a Catholic congregation. A 
 committee was chosen consisting of Joseph 
 Schaub, George Steiner, Anthony Westerman, 
 Andrew Kirschner, and Joseph Billman, who, 
 within the year, purchased the grounds of the 
 present St Michael's Church, with the excep- 
 tion of the corner lot, for the sum of $2,000. 
 On the grounds there was a private buililing, 
 the present school house, although it has been 
 some considerably changed from the original 
 structure. They immediately paid five hundred 
 dollars on the property, the balance paid in in- 
 stallments during six years, and at once the 
 house on the grounds was, at an expense of 
 five. hundred dollars, converted into a church. 
 On the Feast of St. Michael, Archangel, Sep- 
 tember 29, 1845, the church was blessed by the 
 Very Reverend Father Hernard, provincial of 
 the C. S. S. R., and the Rev. Peter Kronen- 
 berg aj)pointed the first pastor. But the Re- 
 demptorist Fathers in 1850 totally abandoneil 
 the Monroe missions, and the Rev. John Van- 
 (iepnij) was sent liy the bishop to succeed the 
 Rev. Peter Kronenberg in the care of St. Mi- 
 chael's congregation, continuing about four 
 years, and though being a Hollander he spoke 
 German but imperfectly, still he was very 
 much beloved by the people under his charge. 
 The Right Reverend P. P. Lefevre transferred 
 him to the mission of Dexter, Washtenaw 
 county, Michigan, and in his place sent Rev. 
 M. P. Wehrle to attend St. Michael's; he re- 
 mained about a year and was succeeded by 
 Rev. Julius Macjoski, but the latter was sickly 
 and aliout a year after died at St. Marys Hos- 
 
522 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 pital, iu Detroit. In 1862 the bishop sent Eev. 
 Peter Stenzel to Monroe. Tip to this time the 
 material condition had remained unchanged 
 for f*everal years with a debt of about three 
 hundred dollars ; but Kev. Father Stenzel 
 gave a new impulse to the congregation, and 
 made a collection by which the debt was paid, 
 lie, however, remained but a few years, and 
 was succeeded July 24, 1863, by Rev. Benja- 
 min T>. Schmittdiel. At that time the only 
 building on the premises was the dwelling of 
 George B. llarleston, which had been purchased 
 at the organization of the parish and converted 
 into a church, and used as church, school and 
 pastoral residence since the coming of Rev, 
 John VanGenipp, in 1850, until 1866. As soon 
 as the Rev. Peter Kronenberg, C. S. S. li., be- 
 came pastor he founded a German ( 'atholic 
 School, which has always been in good running 
 order with great benefit to the congregation, 
 and under charge of the following teachers: 
 In 1852, John Young; 1853, M. Schollliorn : 
 1854, Jacob Bauer; 1858, Peter Grimm; 
 1860, J. P. Jaminet: 1861, the sisters; 1863, 
 F. X. Leib; 1860 to the present time the school 
 has tieen in charge of two sisters and one lay 
 teacher, and starting with about forty pupils 
 now has an average of about one hundred and 
 sixty ill attendance. In 1865 the lot on the 
 adjoining corner was purchased for the sum of 
 five hundred dollars, and the following year 
 the erection of the present St. Michael's 
 (!hurch on Front street, 60x145, was begun, 
 and completed in 1867 at a cost, exclusive of 
 the tower and bells, of about ?30,000 ; and tliv 
 original church converted into and is now 
 used for a school building. In 1883 the tower 
 and steeple was added at a cost of $6,000. and 
 the next year three bells were added itjt an ex- 
 pense of about S4,000. In 1874 the present 
 parochial residence, a two-story brick, 32x28, 
 and in 1886 the school building was completely 
 renovated and enlarged, and July 24, 1888, 
 Father Schmittdiel celebrated the twenty-fifth 
 anniversary of his charge of St, Michael's 
 Parish. 
 
 ST. .IOHN'8 CHURCH. 
 The first effort to organize a separate Cath- 
 olic Church for the English speaking people 
 was in 1834, which proved ineffectual, and in 
 1852 the effort to accomplish the same purpose 
 resulted in the j)urchase of lots on the Navarre 
 
 plat, in the third ward of the city, and laying a 
 stone foundation therefor ; but further effort was 
 abandoned until 1872, when Father Maes was 
 appointed pastor. Through his exertions and 
 instrumentality a more eligible lot was pur- 
 chased on Monroe street. The corner stone 
 to the church was laid in 1874, and a spacious 
 and creditable brick church, 113x52, was com- 
 pleted and blessed in 1877, Father Maes, now 
 Bishop of Covington, Kentuckj', having been 
 appointed (much to the regret of his congrega- 
 tion) secretary to Bishop Borges, retired there- 
 from in 1878, A bell was added in 1879, The 
 cost of the church, independent of the parson 
 age (a two-story frame building) on Washing- 
 ton street, was $10,000, 
 
 Rev. William A. Nevin succeeded Father 
 Maes on the 15th of March, 1880, and re. 
 raained in charge until July 21, 1881, when the 
 Rev. P. Leavy succeeded him. 
 
 The congregation under his charge numbered 
 one hundred and twenty families, vrith an 
 average of five to a family, making a congre- 
 gation of six hundred. Father P. Leavy was 
 highly esteemed, and in the discharge of his 
 pastoral duties in 1880 was exposed in visiting 
 a case of smallpox, contracted the disease and 
 died. He was succeeded by Father Kelley, 
 subsequently by Father Socklain. who is the 
 present pastor. 
 
 ST. MARY'S CHURCH, OF ROCK WOOD, 
 
 Near the northern boundary line of the 
 county, though not within Monroe county, is 
 largely composed of members from the north- 
 ern part of the county, and with its mission 
 numbers four hundred and fifty families. 
 
 ST. CHARLES BORROMRO CHURCH 
 
 Was organized in July, 1853. The following 
 priests have officiated in succession in this 
 parish, viz. r Revs, J, V. Van Geunip, C. L, 
 Lemagie, D. Callaert, R. Vanderheyden, G. V. 
 Gerard, A. de Montanbrieg, Charles J. Mangin, 
 M. H. Schaeken, F. Ilendriek, P. J. Desmedt. 
 E, M, Dekiere, E, Maesfrancx, F. Gauthier, 
 George Langel and L. J. Brancheau, the last 
 mentioned being the present pastor in charge. 
 The corner stone of the present new church 
 was laid April 22, 1882, and completed in 1889; 
 built of red brick, trimmed with white brick 
 and artificial stone, one hundred and twenty by 
 tiftj' feet, about fifty feet high, with steej)le one 
 
THE CHURCHES OF MONROE COUNTV 
 
 523 
 
 hundred foot high, with stained ghiss windows. 
 The church has seven hundred communicants 
 and is in a prosperous condition. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH, ERIE. 
 
 Tho first church building, erected in 1819, 
 was built of logs, roofed with bark of trees, in 
 the vicinity of the railroad depot, which gave 
 place in 1826 to a frame building, both built by 
 the French from Canada. The third church 
 building was erected in the j-ears 1851 and 
 1852 in Vienna (now Erie) : brick walls, one 
 hundred ami eleven feet long by forty-seven 
 foot wide. The church is in a flourishing con- 
 dition, containing two hundred French families, 
 and free from debt. 
 
 From the year 1819, when the society was 
 organized, it was very irregularly visited by 
 Father Richai'd, of Detroit, seldom by any 
 other priest until 1825. From 1825 to 1833 the 
 church was supplied by priests from Monroe ; 
 from 1825 to 1828, by itev. Bellamy; from 
 1S28 to 1831, Kev. Stephen Badin ; from 1831 
 to 1833, Rev. T. Carabin ; from 1833 to 1835, 
 Rev. J. Bruyn, who was the first resident 
 pastor; from 1835 to 1836, Rev. J. F. Terrso- 
 ren, second resident pastor ; from 1836 to 1852, 
 Rev. T. Warlop, third resident pastor; from 
 1852 to 1856, Rev. H. Rievers, fourth resident 
 pastor; March, 1856, to May, 1856, Rev. L. 
 Lionnet; from July, 1856, to the present time, 
 the Rev. Father Charles Thomas has been the 
 resident pastor, and occupies the two-story 
 brick parsonage built on a part of the Francis 
 ( 'ousinofarm in the vicinity of the church. 
 
 .<T. P.\TRICK'S CHURCH OF KXKTER. 
 
 The first assembly in the town of Exeter of 
 members of the Catholic Church was held at 
 the log house of James Donohoe in 1834. At 
 this time the township was covered by a dense 
 forest, intersper.sed with swamps, marshes and 
 creeks, with here and there a log cabin of the 
 early settlers, shaded bj^ lofty trees, not con- 
 nected by roads, but by paths and Indian 
 trails, which often led the early missionaries 
 astray and compelled them to seek their night's 
 repose beneath the forests. The inhabitants 
 were few in number and poor. The mission 
 was from time to time visited by priests, mainly 
 from .St. Mary's Church of Monroe. From 
 1838 to 1843 Father Carabin attended the 
 mission and had .stations, and said mass in tlic 
 
 log cabins of Philip Flood, Peter Burns, 
 Michael Fagan, John Murphy and l^uke Dunn. 
 After a number of ineffectual efforts, finally 
 succeeded in 1847 in constructing a log church, 
 Father Simons officiating at first mass held 
 therein. The log church in 1861 gave place to 
 the large brick church, 40x80. The corner 
 stone was laid in 1860, and completed in 1861 
 by the contractor, Wm. Gilmore, and conse- 
 crated July 2, 1861. It has now a fine 
 parochial residence connected therewith. The 
 present number of communicants is , and 
 
 scholars in parochial school number 
 Father James Ronayno, with residence at Stony 
 Creek, officiates at tho tliroe mission stations — 
 Maybee, Exeter and Stony Creek. The three 
 missions consist of three hundred and twenty 
 families. P. O. address, Athlone. Location of 
 church, section 25, town 5 south, range 8 east. 
 
 SOCIETIES CONNECTED WITH THE CATHOLIC 
 CHURCHES. 
 
 St. Joseph's Society, organized February 12, 
 1851. Theofficers thereof in 1889 wore: Michael 
 Doigert, president; Frank Schwingschlegl, 
 secretary ; A. Egl, treasurer. Present mem- 
 bership, sixtJ^ 
 
 This society was organized for benevolent 
 purposes, tho by-laws requiring a payment of 
 one dollar and a half per week to members 
 while sick, and an assessment of fifty cents 
 upon every member when death occurs of one 
 of the members. 
 
 THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
 Organized from the different Catholic parishes 
 .\pril 17, 1881. Present membership, sixt}-- 
 threo : charter members of branch, thirteen. 
 John P. Jaminet. president; Frank Schwing- 
 schlegl, vice president; C. Heck, second vice 
 presidenl; Patrick Matthews, secretary ; J. L. 
 Hoffman, assistant secretary ; Charles A. 
 (iolden, financial secretarj^ ; Sebastian Lauer, 
 :reasurer ; A. Westermaii, jr., marshal; J. 
 Baier, guard ; F. R. Seib, M. Zeller and Joseph 
 Golden, trustees ; Rvv. Monjamin Schmitldiel, 
 s]Mritual adviser. 
 
 Present officers: F. K. Soib. president ; J. 
 Abraham, first vice-president ; Thomas Kee- 
 gan, second vice-president ; ('harles Maurer, 
 recording secretary ; James Garvey, assistant 
 secretary; Frank Schwingschlegl, financial 
 secretary; Sebastian Lauer, treasurer; J.Baier, 
 marslial : IT. Maurer, guard. 
 
CHAPTER XXXIX. 
 
 OUK SCHOOLt* 
 
 NO county in the State has better schools 
 than Monroe count3^ Her name and 
 fame in connection with her schools have be- 
 come familiar to every resident of Southern 
 Michigan, and the city has been the incentive 
 of the county. The course of study has always 
 been fully up to the requirements of the State 
 University, and the high standing of its hun- 
 dreds of graduates who have entered nearly 
 every walk of life, speaks volumes for those who 
 have had the educational interests of the city 
 in their care. They are found in nearly everj- 
 branch of mercantile business; some are occu- 
 pying the pulpit and some the bench, while 
 others have made their mark in mining, rail- 
 roading, civil engineering, and in the practice 
 of medicine and of law. One of the best text 
 books in physics at pre.sent in use was written 
 by a graduate of this school. The western 
 traveler as he nears the summit of vast ranges, 
 admires the boldness and originality of the 
 railroad engineeringof Monroe boys and gradu- 
 ates of our school. The miner's pick and shovel 
 are directed in their safe and unfailing course 
 bj' others, and among the best undei-ground 
 engineers of the West are Monroe educated. 
 
 The corner stone of the Monroe Union 
 School was laid with Masonic ceremonies June 
 24,1858. This structure, known as the "old 
 building," is still standing. The edifice was 
 three stories high, and formed at that time the 
 most imposing architectural monument in the 
 county. The accommodations furnished by 
 this house were then among the best in the 
 State. In 1888 the building took tire, the 
 upper stor}' being burned off. The school 
 board at once took measures for i-ebuilding. 
 The house was made two stories higher, and all 
 the modern improvements in heating ami ven- 
 tilation were added. 
 
 In 1884 the scdiool board thought to relieve 
 the crowded c<)ndition of the school-room by 
 hnililing a tine house in tlie Third ward. This 
 
 answered the purpose for a year or two; but 
 in 1887 it was found necessary to liave more 
 room, and the board began the erection on the 
 grounds near the older structure of the new 
 high .school building. This is, without doubt, 
 one of the finest houses in the State, being 
 heated, ventilated and seated in the best modern 
 style. 
 
 Thus Monroe has met the growth of popula- 
 tion by a corresponding increase of the means 
 and opportunities of education. But not only 
 has it been the policy adopted to provide the 
 material conditions, but also it has been the 
 constant aim of the school board to place over 
 the scholars the very best teachers attainable. 
 School was opened in the old (then new) 
 school building, iii April, 1850, with Mr. George 
 W. Perry as superintendent. Nearly all the 
 subsequent superintendents have been gradu- 
 ates of the University of Michigan, and have 
 steadily pursued the policy of keeping our 
 schools in the van of educational progress. 
 Among the well known gentlemen who have 
 been superintendents of these schools may be 
 mentioned Lewis Mcljouth, at present presi- 
 dent of the Agricultural ("ollege of North 
 Dakota; Hon. Edwin Willitts, assistant Secre- 
 tary of Agriculture; Ijester Goddard, a rail- 
 road official in the Chicago, Burlington and 
 Quincy Railroad at Chicago, Illinois ; Charles 
 Harris, at present a successful merchant in 
 Minnesota; Judge Rufus Finney, deceased ; and 
 John A. Stewart, superintendent of schools in 
 Tort Huron, this State. W. N. Honey, the 
 present superintendent, is a gentleman of ad- 
 vanced ideas, fine executive ability, and a 
 thorough scholar, who has a sincere love for 
 his chosen profession. He has made the course 
 of study very thorough and complete. All 
 grades of the .school can enter the State Uni- 
 versity on diploma, on all the four courses pui'- 
 
 . sued at Ann Arbor. Constant effort is being 
 made to provide llie best fucilities. The hibor- 
 
 24] 
 
OUR SCHOOLS. 
 
 525 
 
 atory lias ln'cn cxlonsivelj' iinprovoil (iuriii^ 
 the ])ast two }-oars in the lines of chemistry and 
 ]ii)ysi<-s. The Englisli course has also been 
 firealiy improved and strengthened, ami the 
 aim of the school is to supply the necessary 
 e<piipment, hoth for those who intend taking a 
 further course, and for those who must enter 
 upon the active duties of life at graduation or 
 before. 
 
 An organization of the graduates of the 
 I'nioM School has recently been eti'ected. en- 
 titled the Alumni of the Monroe Union School, 
 and in addition to the catalogue usually issued, 
 the society purpose giving sketches and bi- 
 ographies of those who have attained promi- 
 nence as business men, in mercantile life, in 
 i-aili'oading, civil engineering, in educational 
 institutions, in tiie pulpit and in the legal pro- 
 fession. 
 
 I infer from an examination of the old village 
 records, that as early as the year 1828 the vil- 
 lage library was under the supervision of the 
 village council, who raised moneys from time to 
 time to sustain a public library : that a small 
 library- wasunder the charge of the village clerk, 
 but the records thereof ai'e so meagre that 
 nothing satisfactory can lie obtained. When the 
 City of Monroe was incorporated in 1887, the 
 remnants of the old library were transferred to 
 the city, but a very limited number of volumes 
 remained, hardly worthy of the name of a library, 
 and was under the control of the common 
 council and school insjiectors, the city clerk 
 acting as librarian. In 186tj. the library room 
 adjoining the common council room was en- 
 larged and a catalogue made of the works on 
 hand, and (juite an addition made thereto 
 under an appropriation by the council of one 
 hundred and si.xty dollars for new books. 
 
 lu 1873, under an act of the legislature, the 
 citj- library was transferred from the common 
 louncil to the board of education, and continues 
 \inder the charge and control of said board. 
 There are two thousand four hundred and fifty 
 nine volumes at this time in the liliraiy, and 
 the annual circulation is over five thou.sand. 
 AVhen it is taken into consideration that the 
 library contains a large number of public docu- 
 ments, the circulation is large. The last appro- 
 priation in 1885, of four hundred dollars, 
 c.\'[peiided with good judgment, has greatly in- 
 
 ci-eased the interest of the puMir. Suitable 
 I'ooms have been procured uudor a permanent 
 lease of the .second story of the lirick building 
 owned by the estate of the late l)r. Charles T. 
 Southworth, adjoining the First National Bank 
 on Washington street, that are comfortably 
 warmed and lighted every afternoon and even- 
 ing during the winter months, and one day in 
 the week during the summer nionths, and 
 l)rovc a pleasant resort for iHose who desire to 
 peruse the books and po])ular magazines of the 
 day. The apartments are presided over bj- 
 Miss Anna Yardle}', an accomplished and well 
 jiosted librarian, appointed by the board of 
 education. 
 
 llo.N. 1S.-\.\C' LEWIS, 
 
 Was born in Derby, Connecticut, September 
 25, 1804, and at the age of twenty -four was 
 married to Miss Sophia Redtield,at Clyde, New 
 York. In the spring of 1885 he came to Michi- 
 gan with his famil}^ and settled in Monroe, 
 where bo has had a continuous residence of 
 more than fifty-four years. Being a moulder 
 by trade, he started the first foundry, outside 
 of Detroit, in Michigan. In 1839, when the 
 Michigan Southern was being built by the 
 State, ho cast all the car wheels used by it. He 
 also manufactured and introduced to the 
 farmers of Southern Michigan an improved 
 plow which came into universal use, and holds 
 its place as a favorite among the best of those 
 in use at the present time. During the turbu- 
 lent times of pioneer life and State boundaries 
 he cast the cannon balls intended f(>r use in the 
 Toledo war. At his foundr3- was cast most of 
 the nuxhinery for the construction of the saw 
 and grist mills of this section of the Stale, and 
 when McCorniick, the inventor of the mowing 
 machine, was in need of a first-class mechanic 
 to build his first nuichine. the job was intrusted 
 to Mr. Lewis, who built it and 8U])erintended 
 a series of expei'iments with it upon the old 
 ('aldwell ftirm, just west of the city. 
 
 .Vt the organization of Monroe Lodge, V.k 
 .\ M.. July 5, 1848, Mr. Lewis was elected its 
 master, and for three ^'cars lent his influence 
 towards the upholding of the Ma.sonic frater- 
 nity in this citj', and Monroe Lodge stands to- 
 day as a mijnument to his zeal and ability. 
 
 In 1858 he was appointed United States 
 supervising ins])ector of steamboats by Presi- 
 
526 
 
 niSTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 dent Pierce, holding the position through the 
 terms of Pierce and Buchanan and pai't of Lin- 
 coln's. During all these years and in traveling 
 thousands of miles he never violated his puri- 
 tanical conscience by breaking the Sabbath. 
 Mr. Lewis's character is best illustrated in this 
 respect by an incident that happened not long 
 since. One of the State's superintendents of 
 the poor called at Mr. Lewis's residence one 
 Sunday morning, and after introducing him- 
 self, informed him that his other duties were so 
 many and arduous that he was compelled to 
 perform those of inspecting the eleemosynary 
 institutions of the State on the Sabbath. 
 " Well," says Mr. Lewis, looking at him sternly, 
 " if j-our duties are so numerous that you have 
 to violate the Sabbath, you had better resign ; 
 anyway, you cannot inspect our poorhouse on 
 that day," and bidding him good morning, 
 closed the door. 
 
 After retiring from the foundry he engaged 
 in the book and stationery business, and con- 
 tinued in it for a number of years, when he 
 laid aside the cares of business life. 
 
 He was elected superintendent of the poor 
 October 20, 1863, and has held the position 
 ever since, and was one of the best known 
 superintendents in the State. 
 
 During Mr. Lewis's early life he was one of 
 the tiist lock-tendei's on the Erie Canal, and 
 opened the lock at Clyde, New York, when the 
 tirst canal boat, bearing Governor Clinton and 
 carrying a barrel of Lake Erie water to mingle 
 with the Hudson, passed through. He also per- 
 
 formed the same duty when (ieneral Lafayette 
 passed through on one of the Erie Canal boats. 
 For sixty-eight years Mr. Lewis has been an 
 active and conscientious member of the Pres- 
 byterian Church, and for years was one of the 
 elders of the church in this city, and was at the 
 time of his death, which occurred November 
 17, 1889, aged 85, leaving to survive him his 
 widow and five daughters. He was a gentle- 
 man of the old school and a Democrat. 
 
 W. R. GIFFORD, M. ])., 
 
 Son of Henry and Almira Cifford, was borti 
 May 6, 1843, at Dundee, Monroe county, Mich- 
 igan. Moved on farm near Petersburgh, 18.52 ; 
 enlisted in the First Michigan Engineers and 
 Mechanics Corps in 1861, and served in the 
 army three years. He returned from the army 
 .and went to (Jberlin College two years, and 
 then went into the office of D. W. Loree, Ridge- 
 way, Michigan, to study medicine and attend 
 the Michigan State T^niversity of Medicine at 
 Ann Arbor, and graduated in March, 18()9, and 
 located in Erie, Michigan, in May ofsame year. 
 Was a very successful practitioner in Erie for 
 many years, and higiily esteemed as a ph3-sician 
 and citizen. Married in Erie the daughter of 
 
 Brigham. Dr. Gifford was by flattering 
 
 inducements led, much to the regret of the 
 citizens of Erie, to remove to Toledo in April, 
 1886, where he is now engaged in a successful 
 practice. Office and residence, 2005 Adams 
 street, Toledo. 
 
CHAPTER XT.. 
 
 IlK WAK OF THE REBELLION — P0BLIC MEETING AT MONKOK — SMITH GUARDS — LAIUKs 
 
 SOCIETY — ROSTER OK VOLUNTEERS FURNISHED BY MONROE COUNTY INTERESTINiv 
 
 TABULATED RECORDS MONROE REGIMENTS — (i. A. K. AND \V. R. C. 
 
 ■^pill-; long tliroatened blow of rebellion wa^ 
 1 struck in tiie coniniencenient of cannon- 
 ailing of Fort Sumter by the confederate 
 guns at Foi't Moulti'ie. on the morning of Api'il 
 12, ISdl, 
 
 The time when the friends ot' constitutional 
 government and civil liberty must take tiieir 
 stand for or against the Government had 
 arrived. 
 
 The enemies of the Union and freedom had 
 reached the point of open hostilities upon the 
 Government thej' were bound by every consid- 
 eration of loyalty and patriotism to support. 
 
 All that forbearance and moderation on the 
 part of order could do had been done to 
 avert the shocking calamitJ^ 
 
 The history of the world furnishes no par- 
 allel to either the madness of the offenders or 
 the forbearance of the Government. 
 
 The first rebel gun from Sumter (April 12, 
 1861), the tocsin of the gigantic and wicked 
 rebellion, the key note of civil war, had been 
 heard all over the land, the national banner 
 had been insulted by the tire of treasons batter- 
 ies and struck from its proud perch, when tlie 
 loyal young men of Michigan sprang, as if by 
 magic, to arms to defend and maintain the 
 National Union and protect its flag, to sustain 
 the honor of their State and maintain their 
 own glorious birthright as freemen. They 
 vowed to (iod and their native land, and 
 ]iledged their arms and their lives that the hf 
 loved flag of their country should again tri- 
 iitnphancly wave on the walls of Sumter and 
 over every State and inch of ground in the 
 l7nion, and that the H(!public should he saved 
 and forever jirescrvod. When the surremlerof 
 the South Carolina forces became known 
 throughout the land, the entire State of Michi- 
 gan was alive to the emergencies and duties of 
 the hour, and the uprising of the jieople was 
 universal and unfiai-alleled in history. Flags 
 waved from every public building and private 
 
 V 
 
 dwelling, alike on the palace and on the cot, 
 while the drum lieat to the music of the Union, 
 from our southern border to the far off and 
 craggj- shores of our gi-eal lakes. The call of 
 .Vhraham Ijincolii, as it swept over the wires 
 from land's end lo land's end, receiveil a patri- 
 otic and ))rijmjit resjionse from the loyal hearts 
 of the peo|de of Michigan. The ranks of her 
 battalions were tilled on the tirst alarm. With 
 i-emarkabU' promj)tness her first gallant regi- 
 ment — armed, clothed, C(piipped and fully 
 a]ipointed — left the State to meet the enemies of 
 .Vmerican liberty, the first to reach the Na- 
 tional Capital from west of the Allegheny 
 Mountains, and was among the first troo])S 
 which crossed Long Bridge into Virginia, and 
 composed a part of the command that cap- 
 tured Alexandria, the first city taken from the 
 rebels. 
 
 The .Michigan ■contingent ' in the war was 
 largely made up of men who enlisted for three 
 years, and were maiiil}' from the most respect- 
 able and industrious of the conimunitj'. 
 
 Leaving the peaceful avocations of civil life. 
 these men were disciplined into soldiers and 
 converted into heroes, sometimes even during 
 the operations atid emergencies of a single 
 campaign. I'aticnl and obedient under the 
 most rigid discijdine. j)ersi8tenl and enduring 
 on the long and tedious march, cheerful and 
 untiring in the trenches, apt in experiment and 
 most ingenious in construction, they added to 
 all ipialifications and merits true courage in the 
 tield. while almost every important action has 
 illustrated their heroism, and almost every 
 iiattle field is consecrated with their blood. 
 T'heir sei'vice was eagerly .sought for by all the 
 best generals, whether to construct a defense, 
 lead a • forlorn hope, ' or cliar<je a balteiy. 
 
 Michigan troops, prominent at the outset of 
 the rebellion, were in at its death; they were 
 among those who. under the command of the 
 brave and lamented Richardson, tirst opened 
 
528 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 fire (111 the rebels in the vicinity of Bull lluu. 
 at Blacivbiini'M Ford ; they were with General 
 McClcllan in West Virginia in the first year of 
 the war, and were in South Carolina and 
 (feorgia in 18(i2, and during- the year nerved 
 with the Army of tiie Potomac on tlie Penin- 
 sula, and in Maryland ; with (General Banks in 
 tiie Shenandoah Valley ; in Virginia under 
 General Burnside ; in Louisiana under Genei-a! 
 Butler; and in Missouri with Gcnei'al Pope and 
 Colonel Mulligan. 
 
 In 1863 tliey bore a consjiicuous and gallant 
 part in the ever memoralile eam|iaigns under 
 General Hooker in Virginia and (ieneral Meade 
 in Pennsylvania, at the defense of Knoxville 
 by General Burnside, at the capture of Vieks- 
 burg by General Grant, and on the celebrated 
 Kilpatrick raid against Richmond. They were 
 silso engaged in the campaign of General Bose- 
 crans against Chattanooga, and were actively 
 employed in the field at various points in Ten- 
 nesisee, Mississippi, Kentucky and Louisiana, 
 under othei- generals. 
 
 In 1864-5 they were with General (Jiant in 
 liis great march against Richmond, and l)i-avely 
 participated in most of the hai'd fought battles 
 of that eventful campaign. 
 
 They were also with General Sherman on his 
 remarkable march from Chattanooga to the 
 Sea, and were prominently engaged in most of 
 his memorable and successful battles, and witli 
 General Sheridan in his matchless encounters 
 with the enemy in the Valley of the Shenan- 
 doah, while their sabres flashed in avery battle. 
 
 They took part in the gallant defense of 
 Nashville by General Thomas, and were with 
 Generals Stoneman and Wilson on their raids 
 in North Carolina and Georgia. 
 
 They were also at the ca])ture of Mobile and 
 served in Texas and L'tah Territory' during a 
 part of 1865-6. 
 
 Michigan was well represented at the surren- 
 der of Lee and Johnston, the termination and 
 death of the rebellion — and a Michigan regi- 
 ment captured the president of the so-called 
 confederacy. 
 
 Jefferson Davis, in his inglorious flight to 
 escape, deserved |)unishment for liis infamous 
 treason and rebellion. 
 
 Michigan troops in all the campaigns and 
 battles in which they participated were most 
 reliable, conspicuously brave and gallant. In 
 every position in which they were placed they 
 
 were true, self-sacrificing, patient under hard- 
 ship, murmuring not, meeting death by expo- 
 sure, starvation and cruel treatment in rebel 
 prisons, and many more by rebel bullets in 
 sanguiiuiry strife. 
 
 Aside fi'om theii- acknowledged bravery and 
 etticiency in battle, they were, in a most re- 
 markable manner, entrusted with posts of 
 honor and great responsibilities, which could 
 have scarcely been accredited but with a 
 ]iur]iose. 
 
 Fi-om the beginning of the war until its end, 
 Michigan soldiers evinced a most persistent 
 determination to fight on, until all rebels in 
 arms against the Government should be con- 
 ((uered and subdued, and, if needs be, utterly 
 destroyed, so that their country might live. 
 That determination thej' most successfully 
 carried out; they met the enemy in his "last 
 ditch" and he was theirs ; they compelled him 
 to lay down his rebellious arms, to beg for 
 quarter, peace, and even for bread, and sub- 
 mit unconditionally to the terms of their dicta- 
 tion. Having done that, the troops of Michi- 
 gan returned to their homes, as the conquerors 
 of the enemies of their country, the preservers 
 of their nation, receiving the plaudits and 
 gratitude of their fellow-countrymen, and of 
 every friend of freedom and humanity tiirough- 
 out the world. 
 
 The armies of no other nation, even after 
 many years of training which war brings with 
 it, have evinced so marvelous a development of 
 soldierly qualities as characterized the Ameri- 
 can troops during the comparatively short 
 term of service. The annals of the times will 
 rear an imperishable monument to the' patri- 
 otism of all the States, which, in a nation's 
 peril, gave their sons in the conflict, and the 
 honor of one will be among the precious pos- 
 sessions of the other ; but it will be for Michi- 
 gan to cherish with peculiar pride and tender- 
 ness the remembrance and the fame of the gal- 
 lant band of patriots, who, in the fiercest strug- 
 gle of modern warfare, and among comrades 
 of equal worth and bravery, while preserving 
 the national life and integritv, have reflected 
 undying luster upon her own escutcheon. 
 
 The greater prominence of particular indi- 
 viduals is by no means conclusive proof of 
 superior service or merits. The obscure pri- 
 vate, with nothing but the '-enlisting papers " 
 to bear witness even of his presence in the 
 
CELEBRATION OF THE REPORTED CAPTURE OF RICHMOND. 
 
Tin-: WAR OK TIIK KKHEI.l.ION. 
 
 5 'JO 
 
 ai'inj', often is entitled to higher honors than he 
 whose ])roniot ion was sounded throujjh the ranks 
 and ))roclaimed bj' the public press, but proof 
 of this fact is denied the world, and may never 
 iiave lieen known be\ond the modest, unpre- 
 tending consciousness of the obscure hero. It 
 was the ]irivate soldiers as well as their com- 
 manders who suppressed the rebellion. ami this 
 fact cannot be too fully recognized. It is to 
 the brave men who made the charges as well 
 as to those who directed them, that the country 
 is indebted chietly for the manj- sitcnal advant- 
 ages and the final triuni])li over treason's 
 cohorts, 
 
 Krom the desire to be associated in the same 
 companies and regiments with friends in other 
 counties of the State and adjoining States, and 
 the generous bounties ofl'crcd for enlistments 
 therein, many of the soldiers enlisted in Mich- 
 igan regiments are not credited to the county 
 of Monroe. 
 
 While each of the Michigan Regiments is 
 entitled to great credit for the part taken in 
 the numerous conflicts in which they were en- 
 gaged, comparisons and contrasts by the author 
 would be invidious, but it will be seen by the 
 following statements that enlistments of sol- 
 diers of Monroe county constituted a por- 
 tion of every one of the Michigan Regi- 
 ments, and to describe the parts taken by each 
 would far exceed the limits of this work. 
 
 It would afford the author great pleasure, if 
 ])racticable in a limited work of this kind, to re- 
 cord the interesting letters that were received 
 from the ofKcers and soldiers in the field during 
 the progressof the Rebellion, describing the san- 
 guinary conflicts in w^hich they were engaged, 
 the numerous presentations to officers and sol- 
 diers and sailors indicating the esteem in 
 which the\' are held for their glorious achieve- 
 ments. For a statement in detail of 
 the i)art taken by the various regiments in 
 which the Monroe county officers and soldiers 
 ■ nlisted therein, the reader is referred to 
 • Michigan in the War." prepared ami compiled 
 liy the late lamented Adjutant (ieneral John 
 Robertson, of Michigan. 
 
 THK W.\H 01" TIIK HKBKIJ.IOX. 
 
 When the telegraiili wires announced the 
 news at Monroe of the attack on Fort Sum- 
 ter, immediate steps were taken by our citizens, 
 
 without distinctiou of party, to give exjires- 
 sion of i)ublic sentiment on the great question 
 of the daj'. This movement contributed largely 
 in concentrating ])opular feeling and encourag- 
 ing our Slate and National authorities in the 
 measures demanded by the exigencies of the 
 times. 
 
 An im]>rom|)tu nieeling of citizens was held 
 at the Humphrey House, Tuesday afternoon 
 of the loth of April. 18til, for the purpose of 
 making some arrangement to hold a more gen- 
 eral meeting to express the sentiments of the 
 community upon the crisis which was upon us. 
 Mayor Roderick O'Conner acted as chairman. 
 Committees were appointed to make necessary 
 arrangements, and it was decided to call a 
 meeting at the court house on Wednesday even- 
 ing. Accordingly at an early hour the court 
 house was packed full to its utmost capacity 
 with people anxious to hear something said in 
 honor of and in favor of sustaining the stars 
 and stripes of our country. The meeting was 
 called to order and three cheei's were proposed 
 for Major Anderson, which were given with a 
 will. 
 
 Ira R. (irosvenor. from the conimitteo on 
 organization, then read a report recommending 
 the following officers: 
 
 President— Judge Warner Wing. 
 
 Vice Presidents— Hon. li. O'Conner, Colonel .1. K. 
 Smith, U. S. A., Christopher Bruckner. Conio- 
 dore A. D. Perkins, Hon. F. Waldorf, Hon. L. Du- 
 rocher, Rev. E. J. Boyd, Gonenil Levi S. Humphrey. 
 Dr. E. Adams, Major <i. Buckley, Captain (i. W. 
 Stronjr, H. B. Marvin, Major F. M. Winans. 
 
 Secretaries— Stephen G. Clark, T. S. Clark an.l .1. 
 R. Rauch. 
 
 The officers took their seats, when the report 
 of the committee on resolutions was called for. 
 Hon. E. (i. Morton read the following as the 
 report of the committee: 
 
 Wheueas, Civil war and all its de|doral)le 
 consequences have suddenly burst uj)on the 
 nation, and the constitutional government of 
 the country is attacked, its authority set at de- 
 fiance, and its flag insulted in a portion of liie 
 Union, for the avowed purpose of overthrow- 
 ing the same ; and, 
 
 WiiEKKAS, Those who have thus wantonly 
 ])rovoked hostilities have trampled upon the 
 constitution, wliich guaranteed to all the high 
 principles of a free government, and under 
 which all real grievances may be redressed 
 
530 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and the liberties of Uio j>eoj<le perjietmiU-d ; 
 therefore, 
 
 Mesolved, Tliat we, citizens of Monroe county, 
 of all political parties, cordially unite to uphold 
 the Government of the country and pledge 
 ourselves to stand by the constitution and tlie 
 legal authorities under it, and to aid them in 
 ])roteeting and dcfeniling the same, in thesjtirit 
 and with the determination nianifesteil bj' our 
 fathers of the Revolution. 
 
 Resolved, That we deeply deplore the steps 
 hastily taken by a portion of the Southern 
 people to destroy the best government on 
 earth, and the confidence of the world in the 
 ability of man for self control, and we cannot 
 believe that this suicidal work meets the ap- 
 ))robation of thousands of our conservative and 
 law-abiding brethren of the South, and borne 
 down by a mob whose usurpations and lawless 
 aims threaten the country' with anarchy and 
 despotism ; and that we feel it to be our im- 
 perative duty as the friends of liberty, law and 
 stable government to resist with all our power 
 their treasonable j)urpo8e, in order to maintain 
 and perpetuate the liberties we enjoy as a 
 people. 
 
 The chairman of the meeting. Judge Wing, 
 said he had never stood in the court house 
 under circumstances so solemn as these. The 
 question which presents itself is no less than 
 whether we arc a free nation, whether we have 
 a government, whether we are the American 
 people. Few occasions have occurred when 
 the flag of our country has been trailed ; but 
 now it has been struck by a band of traitors 
 among our own brethren. There have been 
 parties, but now there should be no party. 
 This country needed aid. This was the only 
 consideration presented. Our flag has been 
 respected in all nations, because we have estab- 
 lished a free government and have invited the 
 oppressed of all lands to come to our shores. 
 But treason has reared its head, the President 
 calls for help to sustain that flag, and shall it be 
 sustained? (Applause.) For his part the reso- 
 lutions met his hearty approval. 
 
 Ira E. (lirosvenor was called. He said we 
 are engaged in no common affair this evening. 
 Civil war has commenced among us. Those 
 who have forced the.se troubles upon us have 
 construed our troubles into cowardice, but now 
 that the North is aroused they will learn that 
 a terrible retribution is at hand. There can 
 
 be but one feeling among us. We know no 
 party — no platform — no anything but our 
 country. (Applause.) And it were glorious 
 to die in defense of that country. This was no 
 time for .set speeches. What we say must come 
 gushing up from a warm heart. Michigan has 
 been called upon for Init one regiment, but if 
 it were nece.ssary Monroe alone could furnish 
 tiiat. 
 
 Judge Johnson was called upon. He re- 
 viewed, to a certain extent, the action which 
 the South has taken in the Fort Sumter affair 
 from the first. He said we have waited long 
 ex))ecting that reason would again take posses- 
 sion of our brethren at the Soutfi. The door 
 had been left wide open for them to return, but 
 they said to the Government you must fight or 
 ignobly surrender that fort. The unholy war 
 had been forced upon us, and there was no 
 other way but to pursue it to the bitter end. 
 (Applause.) 
 
 E. G. Morton. Esq., was next called upon. 
 He said he had not expected to be called on 
 to make a speech, but was never ashamed to 
 speak for his country. (Applause.) Hitherto 
 a sense of securitj' had pervaded the country-. 
 To-day all the prosperity we have experienced 
 is imperiled. This was no time for inflamma- 
 tory remarks. The time had come to look 
 danger boldly in the face, and be ready to live 
 for and servo our country, if God spares our 
 lives, and if not to die by that glorious flag 
 bequeathed us by our fathers. (Loud applause.) 
 
 William H. Boj'd w-as called upon. He said 
 he would not apologize, as he felt it his duty 
 when his country calls, to respond. He was 
 no party man, but he had, he trusted, the feel- 
 ings of a patriot. Look at our constitution. 
 Will }-ou allow it to be rent in pieces? He 
 believed there was a spirit waking in the North 
 that would protect and preserve that constitu- 
 tion. When a time comes like this, it becomes 
 every man to lift up his voice, and if necessary, 
 to lay down his life for his countiy. We are 
 one and united for our country. Our country 
 now and our countiy forever. (Applause.) 
 
 Mr. Willets said his feelings had always been 
 opposed to war. His ancestry were Quakers. 
 But when he heard the news from Sumter, his 
 peace principles abdicated. He was now in 
 favorof fighting. He believed in putting down 
 this rebellion at whatever co.st, and at what- 
 ever sacrifice. 
 
THE WAR OF TIIK RKHKl.l.tON. 
 
 h:\\ 
 
 Mayor O'Counor siiid the spealvers wlio had 
 |(recedcd him had called Ihc Southern rebels 
 (lur iirethren. He disclaimed their right to be 
 called so. Bj' their own traitorous acts they 
 have severed the eonnectiori. No traitor to 
 tills country should be called the brother of a 
 true man. 
 
 Stephen G. Clarke said we meet to-ninht on a 
 common platform, and let us respond to the 
 traitors in a manner that will send terror to 
 every heart and convince them (hut we will 
 spill every drop of Mood in defense of that 
 tlag. (Applause.) He would not discuss the 
 causes of this rebellion. He was for action. 
 The enemy are approaching the capitoi. They 
 shall not possess it. 
 
 V. M. Winans said he came here with but 
 one feeling. He had been led to the battle 
 field under that flag, and he was ready to go 
 again. He wished to know if others were 
 ready to go also. [Yes, yes, was responded by 
 more than a hundi-ed voices.] 
 
 Colonel Smith, of the United States Army, 
 said : 
 
 " Forever tioat that standard sheet ! 
 Wliere breathes the foe but falls bcfmv us, 
 
 With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. 
 
 And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us 1 " 
 
 He had been in the habit of addressing as- 
 semblies, Imt they were military- assemblies. 
 And a railitarj- response is what we must make. 
 The State of Michigan had been called on for 
 one regiment, but if it were ten the response 
 would be j)romptlj' made, and all would be 
 found ready to respond with our lives, our 
 fortunes and our sacred honors. 
 
 B. Dansard said it was the first time he had 
 ever been in such a position, but if he could 
 say anything, the cause is glorious enough. 
 God knows. He had lived under that flag — 
 wished to die under it — and was ready to do 
 anything that could be done to sustain it, with 
 money or with life. (Loud applause.) 
 
 Other remarks were made l>y Prof Kel- 
 logg, Dr. Landon, Frank Releigh, T. S. Clark, 
 L. Darrah, J. E. Kauch, X. N. Kendal, and 
 others, man)' of whom expressed a willingness 
 to take to the tented field. The remarks were 
 received with cheers and applause through- 
 out. 
 
 ^Ir. X. N. Kendal moved that a committee of 
 five be a])pointed to take steps for the organi- 
 zation of a military compan)- here. 
 
 The chairman said the resolutions would be 
 first in order. The motion for their adoption 
 was put and a unanimous aye was heard from 
 ever}' throat in the house. 
 
 Mr. Kendal's motion was then i)ut ami car- 
 ried, and the chair appointed as the committee, 
 Mes.srs. N N. Kendal. T. S. Clark. Capt. 
 Winans, Colonel Smith and Constant Luce. 
 
 The meeting then adjourned with ihivo 
 hearty cheers for the stars and stripes. 
 
 The military committee as above appointed 
 had a meeting the next morning and oi-gani/.ed 
 by calling Colonel Smith to the chair, and T. S. 
 Clark as secretar}-. 
 
 It was decided to organize a iiiilitary com- 
 pany agreeably to the requisition of the (iov- 
 ei-nor, and on motion the instrument juf!- 
 viously drawn up and numerously signed, was 
 adopted as the liasis of organization. 
 
 N. N. Kendal was appointed to wait upon 
 the Governor, and ascertain if money sub- 
 scribed in this city can be used for the benefit 
 of the company raised here, and also what 
 amount would be furnished by the State. 
 
 On motion of C. Luce a committee consist- 
 ing of J{. O'Connor, Wm. H. Boyd, J. I{. 
 Hauch, A. K. Bates and Joseph Weier was 
 appointed to solicit subscriptions for the ]iur- 
 pose. 
 
 On motion C. Luce and C. Paulding were 
 appointed a committee to circulate the roll 
 for sigiuitures. All persons who had signed 
 the roll or intended doing so were requested to 
 meet at the city hall the following morning at 
 9 o'clock. 
 
 The roll had already been signed by some 
 twenty-five or thirty citizens. 
 
 THE SMITH GUARI).'^. 
 
 The organization of the military comiiany 
 enrolled in this city, was perfected on Satur- 
 day evening, April 20, 1861, by the election of 
 the following officers: 
 
 Captain, Constant Luce; tirst lieutenant, John M. 
 Oliver; second lieutenant, A. M. Rose; third lieu- 
 tenant, I. DifTenbaugh. 
 
 A resolution was then passed that the com- 
 pany be known as the "Smith Guards,' in 
 honor of our fellow-townsman. Colonel Smith, 
 of the United States Army. The company 
 was feelingly addressed by Colonel Smith. 
 
i)[V2 
 
 HISTORY OK MONKOE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 thiuikiiii; them for the lioiior conferred hy 
 their action. 
 
 Three hearty cheers were then given for 
 the TTnion, and three more for Colonel Smith, 
 and the meeting adjourned. 
 
 The Smith Guard.s, having been ordered into 
 camp at Adrian, left Wednesday, May 29, 1861. 
 Tiiey were accompanied by the lire department 
 and a large number of other citizens. The 
 largest crowd assembled in a long time, was at 
 the depot to see them off. The city seemed to 
 be out en masse, together with many people 
 from the country. There were some affecting 
 scenes and moist eyes, as mothers bid good bye 
 to Iheir sons, sisters to their brothers, etc. 
 The comjjany were in good spirits, and went 
 with the hearty good wishes of all, that health 
 and success might attend them. 
 
 We publish a full list of the officers and men 
 composing the Smith Guards, the roll having 
 been filled up to an hundred and one: 
 
 Captain, C. Luce; first lieutenant, John M. Oliver; 
 second lieutenant, A. M. Rose; third lieutenant, I. 
 Diffenbaugh. 
 
 First Sergeant, George Spaulding; second sergeant, 
 George Bradford; third sergeant, John Adams; fourth 
 sergeant, J. Redfield; fifth sergeant, Con. Paulding. 
 
 First Corporal, W. Paulding; second corporal A. H. 
 Bowen; third corporal, F. B. Gale; fourth corporal, 
 R. R. Lassey. 
 
 1'H1V.\TE.S. 
 
 Frank Benderitter. 
 J. Whii)ple. 
 
 B. F. Nelson. 
 A. Benson. 
 H. Gravit. 
 
 E. C. Stoddard. 
 John Fonier. 
 R. Sorter. 
 G. W. Beeman. 
 Wni, Watkins. 
 Jolin Bisonette. 
 G. W. Olney. 
 Wm. Lassey. 
 G. W. Owen. 
 S. Bissonette. 
 A. E. Bates. 
 J. F. Hoflfnian. 
 W. Knaggs. 
 John Disher. 
 S. S. Couture. 
 Elroy Cicott. 
 John White. 
 E. M. Billings. 
 J . Susor. 
 
 C. Bisbee. 
 
 W. C. Brown. 
 
 Chas. H. Ladd. 
 G. E. Choate. 
 Geo. Grueneisen. 
 W. C. Watson. 
 H. L. Stoddard. 
 J. Kittle. 
 H. Robinsiin. 
 J. Duffield. 
 T. Nowlan. 
 Wm. H. Gibson. 
 John Walter. 
 F. Godfrey. 
 C. Thnrlack. 
 S. S. Parker. 
 ('. Downing. 
 S. M. Kidder. 
 J. Charter. 
 (t. Kempf. 
 F. Spath. 
 C. Brunner. 
 S. R. Carney. 
 W. t)lson. 
 E. Ross. 
 J. Dickinson. 
 W. H. Eaton. 
 X. Gagnier, 
 
 J. Conlin, 
 C. F. Austin. 
 Harry Kendall. 
 C. Techout. 
 L. F. Ci-seo. 
 J. Heald. 
 Wm. Stewart. 
 Isaac Navarre. 
 E. M. Avery. 
 A. Mosher, 
 N. E. Baker. 
 J. Robert. 
 W. Prince. 
 J. Chase. 
 J. Hinsdale. 
 J. Root. 
 E. Woodward. 
 J. Leonard. 
 
 Wm, H. Dnffiel.l. 
 S. D. Plues. 
 L. Wagner. 
 (;. D. Paul. 
 A. Taylor. 
 A. R. knobe. 
 
 E. Bronson. 
 A. Gnior, 
 M. W. Hall. 
 ('.A. Wells. 
 H. Ansel. 
 Wm. Bookey. 
 D. Henderson. 
 
 F. Herman. 
 S. IMosher. 
 T. Leonard. 
 Tlieo. Haberfeldcr. 
 J. Turner. 
 
 PRESENTATION OK COLOKS TO THE SMITH GUARDS. 
 
 The stand of colors prepared for the Smith 
 Guards by the ladies of the city, was pre- 
 sented on Tuesday afternoon. May 21, 1861. 
 The guards paraded on the Court House 
 square, in their new uniform, making a very 
 tine appearance. The uniform was of gray 
 cassimero— frock coats, pants with a red stripe 
 on the legs, and cap of the same gray material 
 with gilt trimming. The uniform was neat 
 and tnsteful, and gave the company a very sol- 
 dierly appearance. 
 
 A very large concourse of people, a large 
 proportion of whom were ladies, assembled on 
 the square, to witness the ceremony of the 
 presentation. Mr. H. P. Vrooman acted as 
 marshal of the da}', and at the appointed time 
 announced that Professor Kellogg, of the 
 Young Ladies Seminary, would make the pre- 
 sentation speech. 
 
 At the conclusion of the address by Prof. 
 Kellogg, which was listened to with attention 
 by all who were fortunate enough to get within 
 hearing distance, the colors were presented to 
 Captain Luce by the hand of Mrs. Paulding. 
 Captain Luce, upon receiving them, made 
 some appropriate remarks, thanking the ladies, 
 in behalf of the company, for the colors, and 
 for all the kindlj' interest they had taken in 
 the company's welfare and comfort. 
 
 Professor Chamberlin, with a number of 
 young ladies from the seminary, then sang 
 The Star Spangled Banner, with good effect. 
 
 Judge Cbristiancy was then introduced, who 
 addressed the company in some patriotic and 
 feeling remarks, which met with a hearty re- 
 sponse in the hearts of all his listeners. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 r)33 
 
 It was then announced tliiit a number of 
 young ladies had prepared a supply- of neck- 
 ties and housewives for the members of the 
 company, and Mr. E. (J. Morton made some 
 remarks on behalf of the young ladies pre- 
 senting them. Five young ladies then ad- 
 vanced to the ranks and presented each soldier 
 with a neck-tie, and a hou.sewife well stored 
 with thread, needles, pins, buttons, etc., which 
 were found of great convenience and utility 
 in camp life. 
 
 At the close of the exercises, the blessing of 
 the (xreat Bulor of the Universe was ask-oil 
 upon the companj- by Rev. E. .1. Boyd. 
 
 THK MONROE LADIES' SOLDIERS' AID SO- 
 CIETY. 
 
 A committee of ladies met at the residence 
 of Mrs. .1. M. Oliver, Monday evening, Jul}- 2it, 
 1861, and organized a society to be called the 
 Monroe Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Societj-, having 
 for its object the furnishing of such hospital 
 supplies and other necessaries as arc known 
 not to be pi-ovided by the general govern- 
 ment. 
 
 The following ladies were chosen officers of 
 the society : 
 
 President — Mrs. George Lundon. 
 \ice President— Mrs. F. M. Winans. 
 Treasurer — Miss Augusta Lewis. 
 Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. L. S. Stevens. 
 
 They also appointed an e.x'ccutive committee 
 of sixteen. 
 
 The Smith Guards were requested during 
 drill to form in front of the Presbyterian 
 Church, which they did, and each soldier was 
 presented with a testament by the infant class 
 of the Sabbath School. 
 
 Another presentation was made to them at 
 the seminary, being a Ifavelock cap-cover for 
 each officer and soldier, by the young ladies 
 of the seminary and some others of the city. 
 This, wo itnagine, proved one of the most 
 valuable articles that had been furnished them. 
 
 Tlie Monroe Ladies' Soldiei's' Aid Society, 
 from its organization to the close of the war, 
 with untiring energy, perseverance and genu- 
 ine patriotism, accomplished the grand purpose 
 of their organization — stimulated the boys in 
 blue to renewed exertions and heroic comluct 
 by their constant contributions for their com- 
 fort in the tented Held, reminded of the fact 
 
 that they were remembered in greatkindnessby 
 loving hearts at home, and while facing disease 
 and danger and death, were comforted with 
 the consciousness they were remembered in 
 the prayers and kindness of those they had 
 left behind them. 
 
 No part of the gi'and and multiform work of 
 the suppression of the Rebellion and the pres- 
 ervation of the Union will stand oul in histor}- 
 more noble and heroic, than will that borne by 
 the loj'al, Christian women of the United 
 States, in the moral and physical care of the 
 soldiers of the Union, It is without a parallel 
 in human experience in the magnitude and 
 munificence of the provision. 
 
 It is due as simple justice to the memor\- of 
 Florence Nightingale, and the true women of 
 England who co-operated in her heroic and un- 
 precedented work during the Crimean war, to 
 say here that their noble example operated 
 largely in suggesting the more ample and ex- 
 tended service of their worthy American sis- 
 ters. 
 
 It would not be possible to describe the aid 
 and comfort given by that branch of the coun- 
 try's patriotic army. Manj- have recognized 
 with grateful hearts what was done in that di- 
 rection by the loyal women of Monroe, city 
 and county, which may be taken as but a .sam- 
 ple of like devotion throughout the loyal 
 States. 
 
 LIST OF VOLUNTEERS FfRXISIIEU BY .MON- 
 ROE COUNTY. 
 
 The following list is made up from "Michi- 
 gan in the War" and the reports of the Adju- 
 tant General, and shows the name, com])an\- 
 and regiment of men who enlisted in Michigan 
 Regiments from Monroe i-ounty, and the casu- 
 alties, etc., so far as reported, but does not show 
 the enlistments from Monroe county in regi- 
 ments raised in other States, and the author 
 was unable to find any records from which he 
 could obtain the enlistments last mentioned. 
 The First Regiment of three-months men were 
 mustered out of service, and no record was 
 kept of their residence, and the Adjutant Gen- 
 eral, in his report for 1862, says. ■' Tlie ordinary 
 records of enlistments furnish no information 
 of the residence of volunteers, and it became 
 necessary to procure it as regards tho.se in ser- 
 vice from the regiments in the field. The dif- 
 ficulty and delay attending this labor, especially 
 
r.;u 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 in such a period of active service as existed 
 during the summer months, will be readily un- 
 derstood.'' ■' In the cases of old regiments, 
 the casualties of months or a year of active 
 service liad taken from the ranks hundreds of 
 men whose names were on the rolls, and whose 
 residence it was sought to determine.' From 
 the foregoing explanation of the Adjutant 
 (General it is apparent that there must necessa- 
 rily be many omissions and mistakes in the 
 list given below. Some of the German and 
 French names are spelled so differently in the 
 various reports made to the Adjutant General 
 that the}' can hardly be recognized, and in the 
 casualties the author found numerous cases 
 where a soldier was reported in 1862, as having 
 died in action; in 1868, as discharged for dis- 
 ability ; as transferred in 1864, and discharged 
 at e.\piration of service in 1865. In such cases 
 only tiie reports that do not conflict are given, 
 and in cases wliere they conflict the last report 
 is given. In many cases the author was una- 
 ble to find an explanation or remarks, and in 
 others only " missing in action," which, on in- 
 vestigation, he found so unreliable that he has 
 omitted it. 
 
 Abbrei'ialions —The following are the words abbreviated in 
 ihe rosters: Adjt., Adjutant; asst., assistant; bat., battery 
 cav., cavalry; cap., captured; col., colonel; eapt., captain ; 
 Corp. corporal : CO., company; dis., discharged; disal?., dis- 
 ability; c, enlisted; exp,, e.xpiration ; geu., general ; H. A., 
 heavy artillery ; inf., infantry ; lieut., lieutenant; ni. o., mus- 
 tered out; pro., promoted; res., resigned: sergt., sergeant; 
 surg., surgeon; trans., transferred; U.S. V., United States Vol- 
 unteers: vet., veteran or veleraned. 
 
 Adams, James F., 2d lieut. 15th Inf.; e. Jan. 1, 18(12; 
 pro. capt. Oct. 1, 1862; wounded inaction at Cor- 
 inth, Miss.. Oct. 1, 1862; res. Mar. 4, 186:1 
 
 Adams, John Q., 2d lieut. 1.5tli Inf.; e. Jan. 27, 1862; 
 pro. capt. Oct. 1, 1862; res. June 18, 1864. 
 
 Anderson, John C, Monroe; e. Oct. 21, 1861 ; sergt. 
 CO. D, 7th Inf. ; pro. 2d lieut. Dee. 18, 1.S64; m. o. 
 July .'S, 186.3. 
 
 Antrian, Patrick, Monroe; e. March 10, 10(i:i ; sergt. 
 CO. D, 9th Cav. ; pro. 2d lieut. Oct. 26, 1864; not 
 mustered as an officer ; dis. July 21, 186.5. 
 
 .\very, Amos I., LaSalle ; 1st lieut. 11th Cav., Aug. 
 I, lS6:i; res. Oct. 11, 1864. 
 
 Allen, Linten H., co. A, 4th Inl.; dis. for ilisal). 
 Sept. 27, 1862. 
 
 Austin, Charles F., co. A, 4th Inf.; killed at Mal- 
 vern Hill, Va., July 1, 1.S62. 
 
 Ausel, Henry J., co. A, 4th Inf.; ilis. at exp. of ser- 
 vii-e, June .'!(), l.S6i. 
 
 Austin, Lorenzo D., co. G, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Oct. 27, 1862. 
 
 Anlean, Patrick, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 .Vrnolil, James H., co. I), 7tli Inf. 
 
 -Arnold, Thomas, co. D, 7tli Inf.; dis. at e.\p. of ser- 
 vice, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 
 Anderson, John C, co. I), 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 as vet. Dec. 18, 1,863. 
 
 Ahernethy, .\lexander, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Arni.strong, Oscar E., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disali. 
 Feb. 8, 1862. 
 
 A<lee, William co. I, llth Inf.; died of disease May 
 10, 1862. 
 
 Aj)ell, Moses, co. K, llth Inf.; dis. at exi>. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Arponteney, Thomas, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re- 
 enlist as vet. Jan. 1, 1864; dis. by order, Sept. II, '65. 
 
 Atquette, Alexander, co. B, 1.5th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease at (irand Junction, Miss., Jan. 16, 1863. 
 
 Anklebrandt, John, co. E, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 March 6, 1863. 
 
 Allen, James, co. F, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. June 
 21, 1862. 
 
 Amand, Louis, co. U, 15th Inf. 
 
 Anderson, Williatu, co. K, 15th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease at Monroe, Mich., Oct. 1, 1862. 
 
 Aselstein, Darius, co. G, 16th Inf.; dis. by order, 
 Aug. 12, 1865. 
 
 Alger, Abraham, co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease. 
 
 Arnold, Lewis, co. B, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 Arno, Lewis, co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Antya, William, en. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 Mich. Inf. 
 
 Austin, Benjamin, co. I, 17th Inf. 
 
 Armstrong, John S., co. K, istli Inf.; trans, to inh 
 Mich. Inf. 
 
 Allen, Charles, co. G, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1.865. 
 
 Austin, Henry K., co. H, 18tb Inf.; dis. by order 
 July 10, 1864. 
 
 Austin, Otis, co. H, 18tb Inf.; died of disease at 
 Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 22, 1864. 
 
 Adams, James, co. D, 24th Inf.; m.n. June 30, 1865. 
 
 ."Anderson, James, ci>. I, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 
 1865. 
 
 Armstrong, William A., co. G, 24th Inf.; dis. for 
 disab. Nov. 26, 1863. 
 
 Alfred, George, co. D, 102d U. S. C. T.; m. o. Sept. 
 30, 1865. 
 
 Anderson, George, co. G, 102d V. S. C. T.; m. o. 
 Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Allen, Jerome, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. at ex)!, of ser- 
 vice, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 
 Austin, Edwin I., co. A, 4th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 Aug. 13, 1863. 
 
 Allison, Horatio N., ci>. B, 5th Cav. 
 
 Allison, George S., co. B, 5th Cav.; killed at Win- 
 chester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864. 
 
 Adams, Lewis, co. I, .5111 Cav. 
 
 Alexander, Thomas M., co. D, 9th Cav.; trans, to 
 V. K. C, Jan. 15, 1864. 
 
 .\yers, Silas, co. L, 1st Engineers and Mechanics; 
 trans, to V. R. C, April 10, 1804. 
 
 Babcock, Albert II., Dundee; 1st lieut. 18th Inf., 
 July 27, 1862; pro. caj)!., April .5, 1.864; m. <>. June 
 26, 1865. 
 
THE WAR OF THIC REl!EI.I.ION'. 
 
 ••}.") 
 
 Baldwin, G. Uomeyn, e. Monroe, Jan. 20, 1863; hosp. 
 steward, IStli Int.; asst. surjr.. May 11, ISO:!; ra. n. 
 June I'd, 1S(«. 
 
 BaniiiUy, Charles W., e. Monroe, L'd. lieut. l.">tli Inf. 
 Jan. 1. 1«()2; pro. capt. Oct. 1. IStL'; killed in action 
 before Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 13, 18()4. 
 
 Barnaby, -■MbertG., Bedford; e. Aug. !), 18(JL'; sergt. 
 niaj. 20tli Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. May 12, 18r>4; not mus- 
 tered as an officer; died at his home, July 29, 18('i4, 
 of wounds received in action June 2, 18(54. 
 
 Bell, John, Monroe; e. Nov. 14, KS(>1; sergt. co. K, 
 15th Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. Oct. 1, 1S(12; capt. Aug. 13, 
 1SG3; major, Jan. 21, 18(1.5; brev. lieut. -col. 1'. S. V. 
 May 24, 1811.5, " for gallant anil meritorious services 
 during the war;" m. o. Aug. 13, 18(1.5. 
 
 Beisel, William H.,- Exeter; e. Aug. 14, 18(12; sergt. 
 CO. K, ISth Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Jan. 24, 18(1.5; m. o. 
 June 2(1, 18(1,5. 
 
 Bigelow, Abram, Berlin; e. Aug. 15, 1862; sergt. co. 
 G, 21st Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. Dec. 2, 1863; taken pris- 
 oner, March 10, 186.5; paroled, April, 186.5; .lis. 
 May 15, 1865. 
 
 Bisbee, Charles E., Monroe; e. March 15, 1865; sergt. 
 maj. 1.5th Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. March 30, 186.5; ni. o. 
 Aug. 13, 1866. 
 
 Boardman, (ieorge M., e. Petersburg; capt. lotli Inf., 
 January 1, 1862; died at St. Louis, Mo., April (1, '64. 
 
 Bowlsby, George W., e. Monroe; capt. 15tli Inf., .Ian. 
 
 1, 1862; res. April IS, 1862. 
 
 Bowen, .-^clna H., c. Monroe; 2d licut. loth Inf., Jan. 
 
 31, 1862; pro. 1st lieut. Oct. I, 1862; res. March 30, 
 
 1863; capt. llthCav. Aug. 1, 18(53; pro. and trans. 
 
 as maj. (1th U. S. C. T. Oct. 21, 1864; no further 
 
 record. 
 Bowen, George W'., co. .\, 4th Int. 
 Bradford, George W., Monroe; e. June 20, 1S61. as 
 
 sergt. CO. A, 4th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut, Sejit. 13, 1862; 
 
 m. o. June 30. 1864. 
 Brighain, Mathie V., Newport; e. November 30, 1862; 
 
 sergt. maj. 8th Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. Jan. 8, 1865; m. o. 
 
 Sept. 22, 1S65. 
 Brown, William C, Monroe; e. June 20, 1861, sergt. 
 
 maj. 4tli Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Jan. 1, 1862; 1st lieut. 
 
 Sept. 13, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 
 
 2, 1863; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 
 Bryant, Stephen ()., Bedford; e. Aug. 5, 1862, sergt; 
 
 CO. C, 20th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. May 17, 1865; not 
 
 nnistered as an officer; dis. May 30, 1865. 
 Billings, Edgar M., co .\, 4th Ii\f.: dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 Beaman, George W., co. .\, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 Benderitter, Frank, co. .\, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, June :!0, 1864. 
 Branner, Charles, co. A, 4th Inf.; killed in the 
 
 Wilderness, Va., May 7, 1864. 
 Brimingstall, H. J., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 Bisbee, Charles A., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Oct. 15, 1862. 
 Baker, I., co. A. 4th Inf. 
 
 Bronson, Edwin, co. A. 4tli Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 May 14, 1,S64. 
 
 Benson, .Vdelbert, co. A, 4th Inf.; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Baker, Perry, co. A, 4th Inf.; died at Riihm.ind, 
 Va., July 15, 1862. of wounds. 
 
 Baker, Newell E., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Boyle, Charles, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. Julv 
 6, 1862. 
 
 Bussires, John, co. A, 4tb Inf.; dis. to ri'-eidist a.s 
 vet. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 
 Besonette, Samuel, co. A, 4lli Inf.; kill(<l at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Brown, Williams, co. A. 4tli Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Dec. 31, 1862. 
 
 Brown, .Joseph, co. A. 4tli Inf.; <Iis. for di^ab. 
 April, 1864. 
 
 Baker, Cliarles, co. K, 4th Inf.; killed May 12, IStll. 
 
 Baker, William R., co. E, 0th Inf.; died of disease 
 at Fort Gaines, Ala., Oct. 15, 1864. 
 
 Brainard, Charles T., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Oct. 22, 1861. 
 
 Brimingsteel, George, co. I), 7th Inf. 
 
 Beandry, Joseph, co. D, 7tli Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 April 6, 1863. 
 
 Bushron, John, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 vet. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 
 Beach, .lolin, co. D, 7th Inf.; trans, to V. R. C. Feb. 
 1.5, 1864. 
 
 Brown, William, co. D, 7tli Inf. 
 
 Barry, John, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. April, '64. 
 
 Barkley, William J., co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Beandry, Louis, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Brown, George W., co. D. 7th Inf. 
 
 Bell. William, co. I, 7th Inf. 
 
 Bockstawz, Charles N., co. K, 7th Inf. 
 
 Barber, Freeman .\., co. K, 7th Inf.; killed at Wil- 
 derness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Bengorr, Julius, co. K, 7th Inf.; killed at Dee]) 
 Bottom. Va., Aug. 10, 1864. 
 
 Barber, George .\., e. co. 1. 1 1th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 May 23, 1862. 
 
 Baker, Edwin, co. 1. llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, I.S(i4. 
 
 ,Baker, Marcus D., co. T, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Se])t. 30, 1864. 
 
 Baker, Solomon M, co. I, llth Inf.; ilis. for disab. 
 Aug. 5, 1862. 
 
 Barnes, Linn, co. I, lltli Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. .30, 1864. 
 
 Brown, Peter F., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at ex]!. of ser- 
 vi<-e, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Branshaw, Jose|)h, co. 1, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Btirdeaux, Alexander, co. I, lllli Inf.; trans, to \'. 
 R. C. April 30, 1864. 
 
 Boardman, Franklin, co. K, llth Inf. 
 
 Boardman, Charles, co. K, llth Inf.: died of dis- 
 ease April 8. 1S62. 
 
 Brockway, Oliver, co. K. llth Inf. 
 
58C. 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Bragg, Nelson C, co. K, Ilth Inf.; Jicil of disease, 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 14, 1863. 
 Bragg, Myron, co. K, lltli Inf.; (lis. at exj). of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Blood, Augustus W., ro. I, nth Inf.; dis. to enlist 
 
 in regular service Nov. 28, 1862. 
 Brogg, Clifford, co. K, lUh Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 14, 1863. 
 Bennett, Lawreni-e, co. E, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 6, 
 
 1865. 
 Barber, Dunham E., co. A, 13th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 29, 1862. 
 Bowman, Kichard, co. B, 14th Inf ; died of disease, 
 
 at Goldsboro, N. C, April 5, 1865. 
 Brechtold, Michael, c<>. K, 14th Inf.; ni. o. July 18, 
 
 1865. 
 Bradley, Thomas M., 15th Inf. 
 
 Barraclough, Joseph, co. A, loth Inf. ; dis. by or- 
 der May 19, 1865. 
 Brown, Godfrey, co. A, 15th Inf.; m. o. .\ug. 13, 
 
 1865. 
 Brown, William, co. G, loth Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 May 30, 1865. 
 Brockway, Charles, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 May 31, 1865. 
 Brown, Charles, co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. by order May 
 
 30, 1865. 
 Bourboney, Eli, co. B, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Blair, Joseph, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 Briggs, Daniel, co. B, 15th Inf. 
 Bitz, Bemart, co. E, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug. 
 
 3, 1862. 
 Branigan, Bernard, co. F, loth Inf. 
 Boully, Peter, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 24, 1864; dis. for disab. Jan. 29, 1865. 
 Boudy, F'rancis I., co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Jan. 24, 1864. 
 Barcume, Edward, co. G, 1.5th Inf.; m. o. Aug 13, 
 
 1865. 
 Barron, Moses, co. G, 1,5th Inf.; dis. by order May 
 
 8, 1865. 
 Barron, Gilbert, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 11, 1862. 
 Beaubien, John, co. G, 15th Inf. 
 Boulley,Julius, co. G, 1.5th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 24, 1864; ra. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Brooks, Charles, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug. 
 
 25, 1802. 
 Boners, Frederick, co. H, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 June 3, 1862. 
 Bowers, Edwin, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service. Mar. 22, 1865. 
 Barritt, Eugene, co. I, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 
 
 1865; dis. to re-enlist as vet. Feb. 14, 1864. 
 Burnhani, Lyman, co. I, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 27, 1862. 
 Butler, James, co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Sept. 
 
 5, 1863. 
 Baker, George R. L., 1st lient. co. K, 15th Inf.; 
 
 res. July 12, 1802. 
 Barnady, Charles W., co. K, 15th Inf. 
 
 Baker, Newell, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Feb. 20, 1864; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Bell, Henry, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 
 Bell, John," CO. K, 15th Inf. 
 
 Be.sant, Joseph, co. F, 15th Inf.; died of disease, 
 at Cheralla, Tenn., Sept. 7, 1862. 
 
 Bondin, Clement, co. G, 15th Inf. 
 
 Burk, John, co. A, 16th Inf.; m. o. July 8, 1865. 
 
 Bartlett, Lawrence, co. A. 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 IMich. Inf. 
 Branchau, Henry, co. E. 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 Mich. Inf. 
 
 Bunno, .\bram, co. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 Bunno, Robert, co. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d" Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 Bissetts, Erotus, co. B, 17th Inf.; dis. by order 
 Aug. 14, 1865. 
 
 Bellaire, Isadore, co. II, 17th Inf.; dis. by order 
 June 10, 1865. 
 
 Barnaby, Henry, co. C, 17tli Inf.; ni. o. June 3, 
 1865. 
 
 Berne, James, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for wounds 
 Dec. 12, 1862. 
 
 Belknap, Benjamin, co. I, 17th Inf.; killed at South 
 IMountain, Sept. 14, 1862. 
 
 Barnes, George, co. I, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. Mar. 
 2, 1865. 
 
 Bassett, Henry, co. I. 17th Inf.; dis. fur disab. Jan. 
 14, 1864. 
 
 Best, John, co. A, 17th Inf.; killed in the Wilder- 
 ness, Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Benjamin, William, co. H, 17th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Andersonville. Ga., Aug. 30, 18(i4. 
 
 Burnham, Alexander, co. A, 18th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 June 14, 1S64. 
 
 Bateman, Christopher, co. II, bsth Inf.; dis. by or- 
 der Aug. 8, 1864. 
 
 Buckley, William, co. H, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 26, 
 1.S65. 
 
 Brickley, William W., en. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. 
 June 10, 1865. 
 
 Barnett, Henry, co. H, i8th Inf.; died of disease, 
 at Lexington, Ky., Dec. 29, 1862. 
 
 Bissell, George, co. H, 18th Inf.; dis. Dec. 25, 1862. 
 
 Bordine, George W., e. co. H, 18th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 May 28, 1 8(i3. 
 
 Bristol, Edwin, co. K, 18th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Aug. 12, 1803. 
 
 Baldwin, G. Romyne, co. K, 18th Inf. 
 
 Belman, Charles N., co. K, isth Inf.; m. o. June 
 26, 1865. 
 
 Belman, Oscar H., co. K, Isth Inf.; m. o. June 26, 
 1865. 
 
 Bond, Lewis W., co. K. 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26. 
 18()5. 
 
 Belcher, John, co. K, IStli Inf.; m. o. June 10, 1805. 
 
 Bradford, William B.. co. K, 18tli Inf.; died of 
 disease, at Nashville, Tenn., Ai)ril 12, lS(i4. 
 
 Brayden, (ieorge, co. K, 1.8th Inf. 
 
 Bogardus, George D., co. H, 18th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Decatur, Ala., Aug. 10, 1864. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 531 
 
 Butler, Li-ander.co. A.LStlilnf.; trans. toOtli Mich. Inf. 
 Barren, Isiiac, co. A, LSth Inf.; tran.s. to 9lh Mich. Inf. 
 Barren, Josepli B., co. A, ISth Inf.; trans, to i)th Mich. 
 
 Inf. 
 Benjamin, Smith S., co. C, LSth Inf.; trans, to 9th 
 
 Midi. Inf. 
 Babcock, Peter H, 18lh Inf.; trans, to 0th Mich. Inf. 
 Breese, Calvin, 18th Inf.; trans. toOth Mich. Inf. 
 Brechner, Jolin L.,co. C, ISth Inf.; m. o. May 29, imr,. 
 BrenniinjKtool, Charles P., co. F, IStli Inf.; in. o. 
 
 June 10, 1S(;.5. 
 Bessell. James, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 7, 1865. 
 Benster, Wendell, co. A, 24th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Dec. 20, 1803. 
 Benster, Menzo M., co. A, 24th Inf.; dis. for dis. Feb. 
 
 8, 1863. 
 Baker, Harrison, co. A, 24th Inf. 
 Blissinj:.', Phillii), co. A, 24th Inf.; died at LocustGrove, 
 
 Va., May 9, 1864, of wounds. 
 Balway, Peter, co. G, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Bale, Joseph McCoUoni, co. G, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 
 
 1865. 
 Broondiar, John, co. G, 24tli Int.; m. o. June .'>0, 1865. 
 Baldwin, Charles 0., co. G, 24th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Brook's Station, Va., Dec. 6, 18()2. 
 Ilirstor, Solomon, co. A, 24th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Oct. 27, 1863. 
 Blankertz, Jacob, co. A, 24th Inf.; ni. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Brewster, Franklin, co. F, 26th Inf.; m. o. May 19, 
 
 18(>5. 
 Becker, Andrew W., co. F, 26th Inf.; m. o. June 4, 
 
 1.S65. 
 Brewer, Philarmon, co. F, 26th Inf. 
 Briningstall, Abram, co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 Brown, John G., co. F, 1st Enfis. and Mechs.; dis, at 
 
 exp. of .service, Oct. 31, 1664. 
 Babcock, Allison H., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; dis. 
 
 at exp. of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 Brown, Thomas, co. F, 1st Engs. and Meclis.; dis. for 
 
 disab. June 20, 1862. 
 r.ailey, John, cO. F, 1st Eng=. and Mechs.; dis. for 
 
 ilisab. March 9, 1862. 
 Baker, Morgan, co. F, 1st Engs and Mechs.; died of 
 
 disease at Louisville, Ky., April 4, 1862. 
 Baker, Albert, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; died of 
 
 disease at Bridgeport, Ala., April 2, 1864. 
 Baker, Jasper, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; ni. o. at 
 
 Nashville, Sept. 22, 1865. 
 Brockway, Myron J., co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Bidwer, Hiram R., co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 Broughton, George, co. C, 1st Cav.; dis. by order Juno 
 
 12, 186.5. 
 Brown, Philo, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. by order Aug. 3, '65. 
 Buck, William H., co. M. 1st Cav.; m.o. March 2.5, '66. 
 Ben.son, Samuel, co. K, 3d Cav.; m. o. Feb. 12, 1865. 
 Butterfield, John, co. K, 3d Cav.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. June 20, 1864, and m. o. Feb. 12, 1866. 
 Berge, Christian, co. A, 2d Cav.; m. o. June 17, 1865. 
 Bunce, Latham, co. A, 4th Cav.; dis. by order April 27, 
 
 1863. 
 
 Benschider, William, co. F, 4th Cav.; ni. o. July 1, '65. 
 
 Buison, Edward B., co. B, oth Cav. 
 
 Bruch, James P., co. B, 5th Cav. 
 
 Burroughs, Amos S., co. B, .5th Cav. 
 
 Briningstall, Abram, co. B, .5tli Cav.; trans, to V.R.C. 
 
 Bisbce, Phillip, co. C, .5th Cav. 
 
 Baldwin, David, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Boda, Lewis, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Besold, Frederick, 8th (DeGolyer's) Ijat. 
 
 Burnett, Moses, 8th (DeGolyer's) bat. 
 
 Beauchamp, Michael, co. D, Oth Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Bevier, Luther S., co. D, 9th Cav.; died of disease at 
 
 Richmond, Va., Nov., 1863. 
 Beidler, Fred, co. D, Oth Cav.; dis. for disab. April 25, 
 
 1864. 
 Buskus, John G, co. D, 1st Sharp Shooters; m. o. 
 
 June 31, 1865. 
 Butler, John, co. B, 102d U.S. C. T.; m. o. Sept. 30, '65. 
 Binos, Daniel, co. B, 102d U. S. C. T.; m. o. .Sept. 30, '65. 
 Bromley, Aaron, co. B, 102d U. S. C. T.; dis. for disab. 
 
 May 11, 1865. 
 Brown, Thomas, co. H, 102dU. S.C. T.; m. o. Sept. 30, 
 
 1865. 
 Carlton, Henry, Newport; capt. 22d Inf.; e. July 31, 
 
 1862; killed by railroad accident, June 6, 1863. 
 Chapman, Aaron P., Monroe; 1st lieut. and q. m. 17th 
 
 Inf.; e. July 19, 1863; m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 Chamberlin, Nelson, London; capt. 11th Inf.; e. Aug. 
 
 21, 1861; resigned Feb. 19, 1863. 
 Cliristiancy, Henry C, Monroe; e. May 1, 1861, as 
 
 l)rivate co. F, 1st (3 months) Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. 1st 
 
 Inf., Aug. 17, 1861; 1st lieut., April 28, 1862; m. o. 
 
 Sept. 26, 1864; brev. capt.,maj. and lieut.-col. of U. 
 
 S. Vol., March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious 
 
 service during the war. 
 Christianey, James J., Monroe; e. June 4, 1861, as 
 
 scrgt.-maj. 17th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Dec. 28, 1862; 1st 
 
 lieut. 9th Cav. Nov. 3, 1862; detached iis aid to Gen. 
 
 Custer, Aug. 4, 1863; wounded in action at Harris' 
 
 Shoj), Va., May 28, 1864; m. o. Aug. 22, 1865. 
 Clark, Thomas S., Monroe; lieut.-col. 6th Inf.; e. Jan. 
 
 19, 1861; pro. col. June 21, 1862; resigned Jan. 29, 
 
 1864. 
 Clark, John A., Monroe; e. Aug. 22, 1881, as sergt. co. 
 
 D, 7tli Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. March 1, 1862; 1st lieut. 
 
 April 22, 1861; killed in action at Antietam, Md., 
 
 Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Clarke, Samuel P., Monroe; 1st lieut. 15th Inf.; e. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1862; res. July 13, 1.S62. 
 Conant, John S., Monroe; e. Sept. 11, 1862, as com. 
 
 sergt. 25th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. April 7, 1.S63; dis. for 
 
 disab. Feb. 23, 1864. 
 Cooper, Luke H.,Monroe;x<8t. sergt. 17th Inf.; e. Feb. 
 
 27, 1864; resigned Oct. 21, 1.864. 
 Creager, Marvin II., Berlin; e. Aug. 30, 1801, a.s sergt. 
 
 CO. F, 2d Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. March 1, 1864; capt. 
 
 Dec. 1-5, 1864; m. o. Aug. 17, 18(^5. 
 Cr.rti.ss, Sylvanns W., Monroe; 1st lieut. 7th InL, 
 
 June 19, 1861; pro. capt. March 1, 1862; maj. May 
 
 26, 1863; m. o. Oct. 5, 1864. 
 Cook, Van Rennselaer V., co. A, 1st Inf. 
 Carll, John M.. co. II, 1st Inf. 
 
538 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Ouster, Thomas W., Monroe ; corp. 21st 0. Inf.; pro. 
 2d lieut. 6th Cav.; e. July 11, ISfH; brevet 1st lieut., 
 (■apt. and maj. U. S. Vol., March 13, 1865, ''for dis- 
 tinguished and gallant conduct;" m.o. April 24,1860. 
 
 Carll, George M., co. H, l.st Inf. 
 
 Carney, Simon B., co. A, 4th Inf.; died of disease at 
 Annapolis, Md., Nov. 17, 1863, from effects of starva- 
 tion while a prisoner at Richmond, Va. 
 
 Conlan, John, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of service, 
 June 30, 1864. 
 
 Couture, S. S., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of service, 
 June 30, 1864. 
 
 Coutchie, William, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at ex|.. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Chace, James, co. A. 4th Inf.: <lis. at exp. of service, 
 June 30, 1864. 
 
 Curtis, Benjamin T., co. A. 4tli Inf.; dis. at exji. nf 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Charter, Jackson, CO. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Chapman, Jonathan, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 vet. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 
 Cisco, Lorenzo D., <■". A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. July, 
 1861. 
 
 Choates, George E., co. A. 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. .if ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Crawford, Quimby H., co. 1>, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Conklin, Wesley R., co. G, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Sept. 23, 1861. 
 
 Cicott, Elor, CO. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. .-Vug. 1, '63. 
 
 Cooley, Charles, co. H, 4th Inf. 
 
 Clark, Asa J., co. F, ."ith Inf.; killed at Fair Oaks, 
 May 31, 1862. 
 
 Collum, Isaiah, co. B, (ith Inf.; died of disease at 
 Vicksburg, Miss.; June 27, 18(i4. 
 
 Colhim, Peter, co. B, 6th Inf.; ilieil of disease at 
 Vicksburg, Miss. Sept. 13, 1S64. 
 
 Clark, A. C, co. B, (ith Inf.; died of disease at Mobile 
 Point, Oct. 14, 18li4. 
 
 Campeau, Anthony, co. I>, 7th Inf ; killed at battle of 
 Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
 
 Case, George W., co. D. 7th Inf. 
 
 Calkins, Russell, co. D, 7th Inf.; killed at Antietara, 
 Sept. 17, 1862. 
 
 Cassidy, John, co. 1>, 7th Inf.; dis. for wounds Dec. 12, 
 1862. 
 
 Cassada, James II., co. D, 7th Inf; dis. for disab. 
 F'eb. 14, 1863. 
 
 Carter, David, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Chilson, William G., co. D, 7th Inf.; died of disease at 
 Camp Benton, Nov. 2, 1861. 
 
 Crane, Delos S., co. D. 7th Inf.; dis. at exi>. of service, 
 Aug. 28, 18(54. 
 
 Cisco, James F., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as vet. 
 Dec. 18, 1863. 
 
 Case, William B., co. D, 7th Inf.; died of disease at 
 Baltimore, Md., Feb. 18, 1804. 
 
 C'oinstock, John, co. C, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Dec. 7, 
 1863. 
 
 Carney, Robert B., co. 1. llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Feb. 22, 1803. 
 
 Cavana, John, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb.9,'63. 
 Clark, Watson, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug. 17, 
 
 ISC2. 
 Calhoun, Alvin, co. I, llth Inf.; died of disease' .Ian. tl, 
 
 1862. 
 Carney, John H., co. I, llth Iiii ; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 18(i4. 
 Cauchie, James, co. I. llth Inf.: trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Jan. 3, 1864. 
 Case, Daniel, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of service 
 
 Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Chamberlain, Servis, CO. I, llth Inf.; died of disease 
 
 Feb. 15, 1862. 
 Cronerwit, ITriah. co. I, lltii Inf.; dis. for disab 
 
 May 25, 1803. 
 Crane, Joseph B., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Aug 14, 1862. 
 Cowen, Damon, co. K, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Cornwell, Anson, co. K, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 April 6, 1862. 
 Combs, Eberill, co. D, llth Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., June 5, 1863. 
 Counture, William, co. A, llth Inf.; m. o. Se|)t. 16, 'O.t. 
 Cory, Franklin, co. H, llth Inf.; m. o. Scjit. 16, '6."i. 
 Caswell, John B., co. A, !3th Inf. 
 Crowman, Thomas W., co.K, 14tli Inf.; m. o. J\dv IS, 
 
 1865. 
 Carr, George W,, co. B, 1.5tli Inf. 
 Colley, Anthony, co. B, 1.5th Inf. 
 Crilley, William, co. B,1.5th Inf.; dis. for ilisab. Oct. IS, 
 
 18(i2. 
 Cannon, George A., co. D, 15tli Inf.; dis. for disab 
 
 June 12, 1S62. 
 Champaign, Callick, co. G,15tli Inf. 
 Cournia, Henrv,co. G,15th Inf.; ilis. for disab. June 21, 
 
 1S02. 
 Cournia, Peter, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. July 11, 
 
 1862. 
 Cyphens, Charles, co. (x, 15tli Inf. 
 Cournia, Yesant, co. G, 15th Inf. 
 
 Christ, Adam, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, April 7, 18(i5. 
 Colary, Charles L., co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. for di.sab. 
 
 Oct. 13. 1862. 
 Cook, Van Ness, co. II, 15th Inf.; dis. by order, 
 
 June 23, 1865. 
 Canfield, Lemuel E., co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 8, 1862. 
 Casey, George, co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Sept. 5, 
 
 1802. 
 Casey, Charles H., co. I, 15th Inf. 
 Carney, Nelson, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Oct. 8, 1802. 
 Carrick, William, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. by order, 
 
 Oct. 10, 1863. 
 Cooley, John C, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Coberly, Isaac, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Cooley, John C, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 3, 1864. 
 Carmell, Daniel, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 11,1862. 
 
THE WAU OK THE REBELLION. 
 
 539 
 
 Canlielfl, Charles H., co. I, 15th Int.; dis. for dipab. 
 July 8, 1801'. 
 
 Chesper, John, CO. A, l-^th Inf.; ilis. to le enlist iis 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1864; m. o. 1805. 
 
 Casseiio, Alexander, co. B, IStli Inf.; in. o. May 30, '05. 
 
 Carney, Andrew, co. I, loth Inf.; died of disease at 
 Xa.shville, Tenn., Feb. 2, 1865. 
 
 Callahan, Jerry, co. E, 15th Inf.; ni. o. .\ug. l.S, '05. 
 
 Ci.sco, Sidney F., co. K, loth Inf.; dis. by order,Jiiiio 2:5, 
 1805. 
 
 C'arjnody, Thomas, Istlndp. co. 10th Inf.; mi. o. July 8, 
 1805. 
 
 Charlan, Richard, co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 ('harlan, Joseph, co. E,I7th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Coinpeau, .John B., co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 Cooley, Henry, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mirli. Inf. 
 
 Cooley, Moses, co. Ct, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Cooley, Charles, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 Inf." 
 
 Cooley, Oliver, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Cossine, John B.,co. H,17th Inf.; trans, to 2dMich. Inf. 
 
 Collins, Orval, co. C, 17th Inf.; ni. o. June 3, 1805. 
 
 Campbell, Frank G., co. G,17th Inf.; ni. o. .June 3, '05 
 
 Conia, Henry, co. G, 17th Inf.; dis. by order. May 22, 
 1805. 
 
 Collier, Orval, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 
 Carter, J. R.,co. C,17th Inf.; trans, to V.R.C.,nec. 1,'03. 
 
 Chapman, Aaron P., co. C, 17th Inf. 
 
 Coif, James, co. C, 17th Inf.; in. o. June 3, 1805. 
 
 Coif, Israel B., co. C, 17tli Inf.; killed at South Mt. 
 Sept. 14, 1S02. 
 
 Curtis, Norman G., co. I, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 Curtis, Alonzo, co. I, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3, 1S05. 
 
 Carney, Mason, co. I, 17th Inf.; killed at South Mt. 
 Sept. 14, 1802. 
 
 Calahan, John.co. G,17th Inf.; dis. by order,.\ug. 5, '04. 
 
 Conlisk, Charles, co. A, 24th Inf. 
 
 Codwise. George H., co. G, 24th Inf.; killed at Gettys- 
 burtr, JnlyJ, 1863. 
 
 Colborn, George, co. G, 24th Inf.; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 1, 1803. 
 
 CoUison, Robert H., co. B, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, '05. 
 
 Caplin, August, co. G, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, '05. 
 
 Carlton, George E., co. F, 26th Inf.; m. o. June 3, '65. 
 
 Clark, Peter, co. K, 1st Cav. 
 
 Clark, Mathew,co. K,l8t Cav.;dis. fordisab. Dec. 8,'62. 
 
 Conture, Moses, co. C, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of service, 
 Feb. 15, 1806. 
 
 Christiancy, William P., 1st Cav.; m. o. Feb. 20, '66. 
 
 Carroll, William, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Cauchie, Godfrey, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Carney, George, co. M, 1st Engineers and Mechanics; 
 died of disease at Nashville, Nov. 30, 1803. 
 
 Cornwell, Edward H.,co. F,lst Engineers and Mechan- 
 ics; dis. at exp. of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 
 Charter, Lafayette, co. F, 1st Engineers and Mechan- 
 ics; dis. at exp. of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 Crosier, Adam, co. F, Ist Engineers and Mechanics; 
 dis. for disab. Nov. 9, 1802. 
 
 Case, Robert, Willett's Sharp Shooters. 
 
 Ca.<s, Isaac K, co. L, 1st Engineers and Mechanics; 
 
 m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1S(>5. 
 Cooker, Franklin, co. E, i)th Cav.; died of disease at 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn. 
 Crilley, William, co. D, !ith Cav.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Jan. 15, 1864. 
 Clark, Era,stus W., co. E, 11th Cav.; dis. fordisab. 
 
 Aug. 21,1864. 
 Critchett, George W.,co. H,18th Inf.; m. o. June26,'65. 
 Countryman, George A., co. H,18tb Inf.;m. o.June22, 
 
 18(i5. 
 Clark, Edward ti., co. H, 18th Inf.; mj. o. June 5, 1865. 
 Countryman, Joel, co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 20,'65. 
 Countryman, Jacob H, co. H, 18th Inf., m. o. June 20, 
 
 1805. 
 Cauel, Lawrence, co. K,18th Inf.; m.o. June 20, 1865. 
 Collins, Charles, co. K,18th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 25, 
 
 1803. 
 Carpenter Nathan, CO. K,18th Inf.; dis. for disab. June S, 
 
 1863. 
 Cook, George \\. V., co. K, 18th Inf. 
 Call, .James, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Curtis, Andrew J., co. H, 18th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Lexiegton, Kv., March IS, 1803. 
 Collins, John C, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Feb. 5, 1803. 
 Collins, William,co. E,18th Inf.; trans, to 9lh Mich. Inf. 
 Chapman, Daniel,co.K,I8lh Inf.; trans.to9thMich.Inf. 
 C'ompeau, Peter, co. B, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 20, 1865. 
 Custer, James, co. C, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 26, 1865. 
 Cliai)man, Charles, co. G, 18th Inf.; m. o. May 20, "65. 
 Cassada, William, co. I, IDth Inf.; tiled of disease at 
 
 Nashville, April 20, 18()4. 
 Cutting, Leander G., co. H, 24th Inf.; m.o. June 30,'65. 
 Cummings, Morris, co. K, 24th Inf.; ni. o. June .30, '65. 
 Christian, Richard,co. K,102d I'.S.C.T.; m.o. Sept. 30, 
 
 1805. 
 Darragh, James, Monroe; capt. 7th Inf.; e. Aug. 10, 
 
 1861; died of disease April 17, 1802. 
 Harragh, Archibald B., Monroe; e. March 12, 1863, as 
 
 sergt. CO. 1), 9th Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. Oct. 15, 1803; 
 
 1st lieut. Feb. 12, 1804; capt. June 9, 1865; m.o. 
 
 July 21, 1805, as Isl lieut. 
 Darragh, James C, Monroe; e. March 12, 1803, as 
 
 sergt, CO. D, 9th Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. March 26, 1864; 
 
 wounded and lost a leg near Atlanta, Ga., Oct. I, 
 
 1864: pro. 1st lieut. and adjt. May 15, I860; m. o. as 
 
 2d lieut. July 21, 1865. 
 Donnelly, John L., Monroe; capt. 14th Inf.; e. Nov. 
 
 18, 1801; m. o. Feb. 13, 1805. 
 Doyle, John, Monroe; 1st lieut. and q. m. loth Inf.; 
 
 e. May 29, 1862; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Doyle, Timothy, Monroe; e. Dec. 3, 1801, .is com. 
 
 sergt. 15th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Oct. 1, 1862; m. o. 
 
 Jan. 4, 1805. 
 Duffield, William E , Monroe; 2d lieut. 17th Inf.; e. 
 
 June 17, 1862; wounded inaction at .\ntietam, Md., 
 
 Sept. 17, 1862; died at Frederick City, Md., Oct. 16. 
 
 1802, of wounds received on Sept. 17, 1802. 
 Dickinson, John R., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June .30, 1864. 
 
540 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Dunlap, James A., Monroe; e. Aug. 18, 1862, as hosp. 
 
 steward 2d cav.; pro. asst. surg. March 1, 18(i4; surg. 
 
 July 31, 1805; m. o. as asst. surg. Aug. 17, 180.5. 
 Ditfenbaugh, Isaac, co. A, 4th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 10, '02. 
 Duffield, Johnson, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1802. 
 Downing, Christopher T., co. A, 4tli Inf.; dis. for 
 
 disab. Nov. 19, 1863. 
 Duffield, William.co. A,4th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 8, 
 
 1802. 
 Disher, John, en. A, 4tb Inf.; dis. U> re-enlist as vet. 
 
 Dec. 29, ISGo. 
 Dumphy, Addison, co. G, Itli Inf.; dis. at exp. of .ser- 
 vice, .Fune 30, 18(i4. 
 Davidson, Augustus, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 Dissinhurth, .\ugust, co. G, 4th Inf.; dis. for disali. 
 
 Oct. 0, 1803. 
 Davis, DewittC, co. A, 7th Inf.; liilled at Antietani, 
 
 Sept. 17, 1802. 
 Daley, John M., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. Nov. 11, 1801. 
 Deshetler, Francis,co. U.7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 8. 
 
 1802. 
 Dowd, Solomon C.,co. D,7th Inf.; dis. at Detroit.Mich., 
 
 July 14, 1802. 
 Deshetler, Basil J., co. D, 7th Inf.; died of wounds 
 
 Oct. 9, 1802. 
 Dutton, John C.,co. D,7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 4,'03. 
 Button, Warren, dis. for disab. March 4,-1803. 
 Dean, William, co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. for disab. May 28, 
 
 1862. 
 Dever, Jacob I., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Doran, Edward, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 15, 
 
 1803. 
 Dingman, John S., co. I, llth Inf.. dis. at i^xp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. .30, 1804. 
 Durocher, Isadore, co. D, llth Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16,'0o. 
 Deshulter, Joseph, co. H, llth Inf.; ra. o. Sept. ]8,'G5. 
 Davis, Nelson, co. H, 12th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 10, 
 
 1805. 
 Datle, Michael, co. H, loth Inf.; died of disease. 
 Duseau, Oliver.co. H, loth Inf ; dis. for disab. Aug. 20, 
 
 18()2. dis. to re-enli.st as vet. 1864. 
 Duseau, Oliver, jr., co. H, 15th Inf. 
 Darrah, John, co. H, 15th Int.; died of disease at 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 30, 18(i4. 
 Dale, John, co. K, 15th Inf.; died of disease at Hick- 
 ory Valley, April 11, 1803. 
 Dubry, Moses, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. for ilisab. July 30, 
 
 1802. 
 Dubue, Moses, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Dulac, Stephen, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Deline, Alonzo.co. K,15th Inf.; dis. fordi.sab. June 2.S, 
 
 1862. 
 Doyle, Timothy, co. K, 1.5th Inf. 
 Donald, Thomas, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 March :U, 1863. 
 Duclow, Frederick, co. B, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, '05. 
 Dubrey, Antoine, co. D, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 29, 1802. 
 Dely, Peter R., co. 1), 15tb Inf.; killc.l at Sbiloh, 
 
 Tenn., April 0, 1S02. 
 
 Dubrey, Oliver, co. G, ].5tli Inf.; dis. for disab. May 25, 
 
 1802". 
 Dither, Charles, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. May 25, 
 
 1802. 
 Downing, John, co. G, loth Inf.; m. o. .\ug. 13, 1865. 
 Duchane, Peter, co. G, loth Inf.; m.o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Dailey, James, cf). H, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Jan. 29, 1865. 
 Dusseau, David, co. 11, 17th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 8, 1804. 
 Dunbar, George, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 28, 
 
 1865. 
 Delong, George, co. C, I7tli Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Drew, Israel E., co. C, 17tli Inf. 
 Dunbar, George, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 Duval, Joseph, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 2, 
 
 1863. 
 Defour, Washington, co. I, 17th Inf.; dis. for dLsab. 
 
 July 1, 1863. 
 Dumphrey, Daniel, co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease. 
 Dumont, Amible, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga. 
 Dusseau, Oliver, co. H, 17th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., July 12, 1864. 
 Dusseau, David, jr., co. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Davis, Asa S., co. H, I8th Inf.; m. o. June 20, 1805. 
 Davis, Charles, co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Davenport, Jerome B., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 
 
 1805. 
 Davenport, John J., co. K, 18th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Lexington, Ky., March 9, 1803. 
 Dwyer, Dominick, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, '05. 
 DeLand, Peter, co. K, ISth Inf. 
 Doty, Charles, co. B, 18th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Huntsville, Ala., Feb. 24,. 1805. 
 Daniel, Albert, co. A, 18th Inf.; trans, to 9th Mich. Inf. 
 DeShalter, C, co. F, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 DeLand, Charles G., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 
 
 1865. 
 DeCant, Peter, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 8, 1865. 
 Dingman, George W., co. A, 24tli Inf.; m. o. June 7, 
 
 1865. 
 Daniels, Chester V., co. F, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, '65. 
 Davis, Charles, co. F, 24lh Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Dodge, Cyrus J., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; dis. 
 
 for disab. June 23, 1862. 
 Dustin, John L., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; trans, to 
 
 Y. R. C, May 1, 1864. 
 Drouillard, Leander, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 20, 1863; m. o. March 10, 1806. 
 Doddard, James, co. C, 2d Cav. 
 Davis, Benjamin, co. A, 4th Cav.; dis. by order , Tan. 
 
 28, 1803. 
 Dowsitt, James S., co. B, 5th Cav. 
 Dyke.Morris, co. C, 5th Cav.; dis. for di.sab. Oct. 13, '63. 
 Daws, L., CO. E, 9th Cav. 
 Eaton, Job C, Monroe ; 2<1 lieut. llth Inf., March 1, 
 
 1865; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Edwards, Searles C, Milan; e. Dec. 25, 1801, as sergt. 
 
 CO. I, ].5tli Inf.; pro. 2d lieut, April 10, 1802; dis. 
 
 May 28, 1805. 
 
THE WAK OK Till'; KlilUil.I.IUN . 
 
 541 
 
 Klli.ilt, llciny v.. Moiiroo; iM lii-iit. IStli IiU", July 
 27, IStil'; resignoil Nov. 7, lst)2. 
 
 Eaton, W. H„ co. A, 4tli Inf.; killed at Malvern Hill, 
 Va., July 1, !>«>-• 
 
 Ebert. John, co. A, 4tli Inf.; died of di.sea.«c, at Tnil- 
 eric-k, Md., Nov. :{0, 1862. 
 
 East, Georgo, co. F, Otb Inf. 
 
 East, William, co. F, lUli Inf. 
 
 Kvans, Richard, co. K, 11th Inf.; din. at oxp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, lS(i4. 
 
 Extiene, I>orenzo,co. B,l")th Inf ; dis fur disalj. < 'ct. "Jo, 
 
 isr>2. 
 Eaton, Orrin D., co. 1), loth Inf.; killed at Sliiloh, 
 
 Tenn., April, 0, KSGl'. 
 Edwards, Searles C, co. I, l.jth Inf.; din. fur disalj. 
 
 Nov. 5, 18(i2. 
 Eastliek, William, co. I, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. July 
 
 24, 18ti2. 
 Evon, Peter, co. 1, loth Inf. 
 Eggleston, Denni.-;. co. <i, ITtli Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 
 Inf. 
 Elliott, John C, co. K, 18th Inf.; dis. fur disab. Jan. 
 
 3, isr.4. 
 Eddy, William N. II., co. K, ISth Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. o, 18()4. 
 Eigliney, Erastus,co. K,lstli Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 2, 
 
 181)4. 
 Eldridge, Alfred, co. II, l.Stli Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., June 24, 18114. 
 English, Thomas, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Ai.ril 20, 18G4. 
 Epicr, Samuel K., co. C, otb Cav.; killed at Berry- 
 
 ville, Va., Aug. Ill, 1864, Ijy guerrillas. 
 Ellis, Thomas, 8th (I)e( iolyer) Battery. 
 Fishburn, Joshua, Monroe; Dec. 8, 1362, as commis- 
 sary sergt. 15th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Aug. 6, 1864; 
 
 pro. 1st lieut. Nov. 1, 1864 ; m. o. Sept. 19, 1865. 
 Frary, Edson S.. Petersburg ; 1st lieut. 1st Engs. and 
 
 Mechs., Sept. 12, 1861 ; res, Jan 30, 1862. 
 Fonier, Samuel, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 29, 18(j3. 
 Fonier, John, co. A, 4th Inf.; killeil at Malvern Hill, 
 
 Va., July 1, 1862. 
 Fonier, Peter, co. A, 4th Inf.; killed at Spott.sylva- 
 
 nia, Va., May 8. lsii4. 
 Fler, John, 7th Inf. 
 
 Fields, Hiram, co. U, 7th Inf.; dis. May 2, 1862. 
 Fournia, Charles, co. I). 7th Inf. 
 Ferguson, Jonathan, co. I, lllh Inf.: dis for disab. 
 
 Oct. 30, 1862. 
 Francisco, George W., co. I. Uth Inf.; dis. at e.X]!. uf 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 18()4. 
 Fields, Myron A. A., co. I, lllh Inf.; .lis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1.S64. 
 Furrer, John, co. G, 14th Inf.; ni. o. July is, lS6.'j. 
 Froth, James J., co. K, Uth Inf., m. o. July 18, 18(>5, 
 Ferguson, Aaron, co. G, loth Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, March 13, 186."). 
 Frankhousc, .\bram, co.G, l.')th Inf.;m.i). .\ug. lo,'65. 
 Frost, George, co. I, loth Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Foley, Mathew, co. K, lotli Inf.; dis. by order May 30, 
 
 1865. 
 
 Fawthop, George, CO. I!, l.)th Inf.; dis. bv oidir .May 
 
 30, lS6o. 
 Fray, Jacob, co. F, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. July S,"62. 
 Ford, Jacob, co. II, loth Inf.; dis. at ex]p. of service, 
 
 April 7, 1865. 
 French, Levi H., co. I, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. July 
 
 26, 1862. 
 Frencli, John, co. 1, loth Inf. 
 French, William G., co. 1, 15th Inf. 
 Fitch, James, co. K, loth Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Feb. 11, 1864; m. o. .\ug. 13, 186-5. 
 Francisco, Sidney, co. K, loth Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 June 23, 1865. 
 Francisco, Harrison, co, K, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 March 31, ist;:!. 
 Friday, Peter, co. K, loth Inf. 
 Farnell, John B., co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Kulyesson, Aaron, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Fisher, John, co. K, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. July 6,'62. 
 Ferguson, Jonathan D., co. .\,15th Inf.; m.o. Aug. 13, 
 
 lS6o. 
 Fuller, Uriah, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 Farwell, William, co. E, 17th Inf. 
 Fountain, Phillip, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Inf. 
 French, Joel W., co. H, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 26, '65- 
 Francisco, Moses, co. 11, 18th Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Decatur, Ala., Oct. 10, 1S(>4. 
 Frink, Miles, S,, co. II, 18th Inf.; killed by explos- 
 ion of steamer Sultana, April 28, 1865. 
 Furray, Samuel, co. B, 24th Inf.; ra. o. June .".0, 1865. 
 Falcber, John, co. K, 1st Cav. 
 Fonstiel, William, co. E, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of .ser. 
 
 vice, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Falmestock, .lacob, co. '.<., 5th Cav. 
 Fleishman, Godfrey, 8lh (r)eG(dyer'.s) Bat.; dis. for 
 
 disab. Sept. 10, 1862. 
 Fleishman, George, 8th (DeGolyerV) Bat. 
 Feld, Martin, Sth (DeGolyer'.s) Bat. 
 Fishel, John, co. E, Isl Sharp Shooters ; m. o. July 28, 
 
 1865. 
 Fulcher, John, co. K, 1st Keg. Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. 
 Frank, William, co. 1, 1st Reg. Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 m. o. at Na.shville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 18t)5. 
 (iailoway, Jerome B., Monme; e. .^ug. 16, 1,S64, as 
 
 sergt, CO. B, 4th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. 11th Inf. March 
 
 1, 1865; 1st lieut. March 16. 1865; res. July 22, 1865. 
 (ieismer, Henry, Newport; a.sst. surg. 22d Inf.; e. Oct. 
 
 7, 1862; res. July 12, 1863; asst. surg, 29th Inf. Mar. 
 
 19, 1865; m. o. Sept. 6, 1865. 
 Green, Jacob L., Monroe; capt. 6th Cav.; e. July 14, 
 
 I.S63; pro. a.sst. adjt. gen. U. S. Vol. .Sejit. 4, 1863; 
 
 luaj.. brevet lieut. col. U. S. Vol. March 13, 1865, 
 
 •fur distinguisheil gallantry at the battle of Tre- 
 
 villian Station, Va., and meritorious service during 
 
 the war;" m.o. March 20, 1866. 
 Green, Thonias, Munrue; chap. 17th Inf.; e. .April 14, 
 
 I.S64; m. o. June .'., 1865. 
 firosvenur, Ira R., Munrue; col. 7th Inf, June 10. 
 
 18(;i; res. Jidy 7, 1S62. 
 Gale, Frank B., lo. A, 4tli Int.; killed at Malvern 
 
 Hill, Va., July 1, 1862. 
 
542 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 (iravitte, Horace. co. A, 4th Inf.; ihf. fordiwab. July,"(>I. 
 
 Gibson, William H., co. A, 4th Inf ; dis. at exp. of 
 service, June 30, 1S04. 
 
 Gonier, Xavier, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1SG4. 
 
 Guion, Andrew, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 
 Grannison, George, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 
 Griswold, George, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 
 Gregory, Thomas, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. fordisab. Nov. 20, 
 18(il. 
 
 Gee, Orrin.co. G,4th Inf.; trans, to V.R.C. Jan. l.i,l.'<(!4. 
 
 Goodenough, Thomas W., co. D, 7th Inf.; clied at 
 Washington of wounds Oct. 9, 1862. 
 
 Glean, Augustus A., co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Garrity, Peter,co. D,7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. l(i,'0.3. 
 
 Green, Orison T., co. D, 7th Int.; killed at battle of 
 Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 
 
 Gee, Edward, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Gee, Carrington, D, co. 7th Inf. 
 
 Granis, Myron W., ro. D, 7th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 
 (Trisley, William, co. D, 7th Inf.; died of di.sease at 
 Stevensburg, Va., Feb. 25, 1864. 
 
 Green, Seneca, co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Gardner, Abraham, co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 
 Golitz, Otto, CO. A, 12th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 1.3, 186.5. 
 
 Goodrich, Schuyler E., co. D, 15th Inf.; died of 
 wounds at St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 14, 1864. 
 
 Gensler, Michael, co. B, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 at Big Black River, July 26, 1863. 
 
 Graves, Allen, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 vet. Jan. 3, 1864. 
 
 Gonia, David, co. G, 15th Inf.; died of disease at 
 Louisville, Ky., July 2, 1865. 
 
 Grisley, John C, co. K, 1.5th Inf.; dis. Jan. 5, 1865. 
 
 Glieson. Peter, co. G, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 June 9, 1862. 
 
 Gee, Jason, CO. G, 15th Inf.; dis. fordisab. July 12,1862. 
 
 Gregory, John, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 28, 1865. 
 
 Gencrau, Joseph, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab 
 June 21,1862. 
 
 Grimes, William, co. H, 1.5th Inf.; killed at .Shiloh, 
 April 6, 1862. 
 
 Grimes, John, co. II, 15tli Inf.; dis. at exi>. of ser- 
 vice, April 7. ]8(i5. 
 
 Grumlich, Michael, co. K, I.5th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Oct. 20, 18(i2. 
 
 Grumlich, Winterlin, co. K, 15tli Inf.; dis. at exp. 
 of service, March 30, 1865. 
 
 Gynne, Frank, co. K, 16th Inf. 
 
 Gates, Avon, co. K, 1.5th Int. 
 
 (Srisley, Christian. 
 
 Grimes, Samuel, co. H, 15th Inf.; died of di.sease at 
 Rome, Ga., Aug. 20, 1864. 
 
 Guyer, Lewis, co. 11, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Graves, Reuben, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Dec. 15, 1862. 
 
 Grant, John, co. C, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 Falmouth, Va., Feb. 5, 1863. 
 
 Guyon, Henry, co. C, 17th Inf.; died of di.sease at 
 
 Detroit, Mich., Aug. 26, 1862. 
 Geniac, Alexander, co. C, 17th Inf.; m. fi. June 3, '65. 
 Gillet, Frederick, co. C, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 Gaaf, Jacob, co. H, 17th Inf.; died ot disease at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 14, 1864. 
 (iuver, Lewis, jr., co. H, 17th Int.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 
 Int. 
 Goodrich, AVilliam M., co. E, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 13, 
 
 1865. 
 Greenfield, Wilbur, co. E, 18th Inf. 
 Green, Edward C, co. F, 18th Inf. 
 Gee, Charies O., co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Guyor, Noah, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 28, 1865. 
 Gorman, Patrick, co. A, 24th Inf. 
 Gee, Ezekiel P., co. F, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Giflford, William R., co. F, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 
 clianics; dis. at exp. of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 (jrufT, .1 acob, co. L,lst Cav.; dis. by order, June 28,'i)5. 
 Gale, Henry, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 Gravelink, Mathew, co. C, .oth Cav. 
 Gale, Eugene, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 Graham, George, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Green, John. co. G, 102d U. S. C. T.; m. o. .Sept. 30,'65. 
 Hawkes, Carlton H., Monroe; e. Aug. 18, 1872, as 
 
 sergt. maj. 5th Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. April 13, 1865; 
 
 1st lieut. April 14, 1865; m. o. June 22, 1865. 
 Hawker, George W., Dundee; e. Aug. 24, 1861, as 
 
 sergt. maj. co. I, 11th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Dec. 10, 
 
 1862; res. Jan. 14, 1.8(i4. 
 Hecock, Amos T., Monroe; 2d lieut. 7th Int.; e. Sept. 
 
 2, 1861; pro. 1st lieut. March 1, 1862; capt. April 22, 
 
 1862; dis. Juno 22, 1863. 
 Hill, Theodore, J., Exeter; cajit. ISth Inf ; e. July 27, 
 
 1862; res. .Ian. 21, 1863. 
 Hall, Ephraim G., London;, e. Aug. 24, 1861, as sergt. 
 
 CO. I, 11th Int.; pro. 2d lieut. April 1, 18(i2; 1st 
 
 lieut. Aug. 18, 1862; wounded in action near Mur- 
 
 freesboro, Tenn., Jan. 5, ls63; capt. Feb. 19, 1863; 
 
 m. o. Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Hamilton, William B., Beriin; e. Aug. 22, 1862, as 
 
 sergt. CO. B, 22d Int.; pro. 2d lieut. June 5, 1863; 
 
 taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Tenn., Sept. 20, 
 
 1862; paroled March 1, 1865; pro. 1st lieut. Nov. 17, 
 
 1863; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Hart, John E., Raisin; e. Dec. 12, 1.S62, as sergt. co. 
 
 B, 9th Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. Nov. 13, 1863; dis. for 
 
 disab. Oct. 22, 1864. 
 Hall, Mifiin W., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exji. of .service, 
 
 June 28, 1864. 
 Haberfeldner, Theodore, co. A, 4th Inf ; killed at 
 
 Chaneellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. 
 Heald, James, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. 
 Harman, Frederick, co. A, 4th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 in hosp., Georgetown. 
 Hoffman, Frederick, co. A, 4th Inf.; killed at Chan- 
 eellorsville, Va., May 5, 1863. 
 Hinsdale, James W., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 Henderson, David, co. E, 4th Inf.; dis. by order, 
 
 Nov. 16, 1863. 
 
THE WAK OK THE REHEI.I.ION. 
 
 543 
 
 Hesenphiitli, A«g)i!-t, CO. (j, 4tli Inf. 
 
 Hubbell, Jerome, co. I, 4th Inf. 
 
 Hoy, Hugh. CO. I, 4th Inf.: dis. to re-enlist as vet. 
 
 Deo. 2-1, lSt)3. 
 Holcoml), .'<anuiel, co. F, tith Inf.: died of di.-^ease at 
 
 t'arap Williams, Oct. 21, 18r,2. 
 Hall, S(don W., m. K. r.th Inf.: dis. to n-enlist as 
 
 vet. Feb. 1, 1SI14. 
 Hale, Daniel, r... D, 7th Inf.: trans, to. V. R. C. 
 
 March 1.".. IMU. 
 Hanson, John, co. I), 7th Inf.: died at Philadeliihia 
 
 of wounds, Nov. 4, 1802. 
 Harris, Sidney G., co. D, 7tli Inf.: killed at Gettys- 
 
 burfr. Pa.. July 2, ISO:?. 
 Hindeliter, Jacob, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Ileisler, Edward, co D, 7th Inf.: dis. lor disab. Jan. -'<. 
 
 180:!. 
 Haight, George C, co. D, 7tli Inf.; dis. at cx)!. of 
 
 service, Aug. :il, 1.SG4. 
 Haight, Charles G., co. D, 7tli Inf.: dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, .\u^. :)1, lSii4. 
 Hei.sler, Edward, co. K, 7tli Inf.; killed at Wilder- 
 ness, Va.. May !i, l.sii4. 
 llarwick, Abrani, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Hamilton, John H., co. I, 11th Inf.; died of di.sea.se 
 
 Feb 20, 1802. 
 Hall, John, co. 1, llth Inf.; dis. at e-xp. of service, 
 
 Se|)t. :10. 1804. 
 Hall. Richard W., cu. I, llth Inf.: dis. by order, 
 
 An-, n, 180:!. 
 Hicks, Abner, co. C, llth Inf.; m. o. Sej.t. 10, 1S0.5. 
 Hutchinson, Julius H., co. H, llth Inf.; m. o. Sept. 
 
 10, 180.'). 
 Hayes, Horace, lo. I, llth Inf.; dis. fur disab. July 1, 
 
 1S62. 
 Honj.'hton. Jerome, co. I, llth Inf.; died of ilisease 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. J, 180:1. 
 Howe, Oliver P., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. Auj;. .">. 
 
 1802. 
 Harris, William, co. I, lllli Inf.; dis. at exj). of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Harwood, Edwin, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. :«), 1804. 
 Hallock, Walter F., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 An-, l:}, 1802. 
 Hathaway, GeorjiC B., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at Chat- 
 tanooga, Tenn., .Xitril 10, ISO-i. 
 HofTman. Daniel, co. I, 12th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 Sej.t. ;(l, 180.'). 
 Haine, John, ci«. B.l-ilh Inf.: dis. to re-enlist as vet. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1804; died of disease at Little River, Ala., 
 
 Oct. 22, 18f>4. 
 Morton, Martin, co. B, bjth Inf. 
 Morton, George, lO. B, l-jth Inf. 
 Hubble, Albert, co. B, loth Inf. 
 Hope, Lewis, co. D, 15th Inf.: dis. to re-enlist a.s 
 
 vet. Feb. 14, 1804. 
 Meitzer, Albert, co. E, loth Inf. 
 Mutchins, David, co. G, l'>lli Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Feb. 5, 1802. 
 Hamlin, .\sahel, co. G, l.ith Inf.: dis. for disjdi. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1.8(i2. 
 
 Hunter. Henry, co. (i, 1.5th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist a.s 
 vet. Jan. 24, 1804. 
 
 Hughes, Brice.co. H,15th Inf.;dis. for di&ib. Jan. 7,'o:i. 
 
 Hack, James, co. H, l-')tli Inf.; died of disease at 
 Camp Miinroe, March 24, 1802. 
 
 Harris, Henry, co. I,l.ith Inf.; dis. fordisab. July 20,'02. 
 
 Holton, Joseph, co. K, l-ith Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, March :iO, l.s0.j. 
 
 Hanmer. Jacob, co. K, 1.5th Inf.: dis. at exji. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 7, bsii.). 
 
 Houseman, Martin, co. B, 1.5th Inf.: m. o. .\ng. l:!,'0.5. 
 
 Hyatt. Jo.seph.co. E,l.')th Inf.; dis. by order May ,SI),'0.5. 
 
 Hailing, Albert,eo. F,15th Inf.; dis. by order May .30,'0.5. 
 
 Hall, Webster, co. (i, 1.5th Inf.: m. <i. Aug. I:!, 1,80.5. 
 
 Hayott, Joseph, co. G, loth Inf.; dis. bv order .Mav :«! 
 180.5. 
 
 Heman, William, co. H, l-5th Inf.; m. o. Aug. V.i, 180.5. 
 
 Hewitt, George M.. co. C, 17th Inf. 
 
 Muff, Amos B.,co. I,17th Inf.: dis. fordi.sjib. Dec. 10, '02. 
 
 Hatfield, David .S., co. I)., 17th Inf.; dis. for di.<aK 
 Aug. 24, 1862. 
 
 Hanchett, Charles, co. B. 17lh Inf.; dis. bv order 
 July .5, 186.5. 
 
 Ilurd, George W., co. E, l8th Inf. 
 
 Hibbard, William R., co. H, I8tli Inf. 
 
 Haight, George C, co. H, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 2;f, '0.5. 
 
 House, (leorge .\., co. H, I8th Inf.; m. o. Juneo, 1805. 
 
 Heath, Charles .\..co. M, l.sth Inf.: m. o. June 20, '(Jo. 
 
 Hazen, Nelson T., co. II. Isth Inf.; dis. for disab 
 Sept. 2, 1.802. 
 
 Heath, Solomon M., c-o. H, Istli Inf.; m.o. .Iune20,'05. 
 
 Hensdall, George, co. A. Isth Inf.; m. o. June 20, 1805. 
 
 Hitchins, Frank S., co. H, 18th Inf.; died of disease 
 at Lexington, Ky., Dec. 21, 1802. 
 
 Hawkins, Alfred, co. H, 18th Inf.; diecl of disease 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 16, KSli.'J. 
 
 Holton, George S., co. H, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 20 1805. 
 
 Ilaner, Perrv D., co. H. 18th Inf.: m. o. June 20, 1805. 
 
 Holton, Reuben B., co. II, ISth Inf : died ofdisea.se 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 2, 18o:!. 
 
 Haner, Alexander, co. H, isth Inf.; died of disease 
 at Lexington, Ky., Dec. 22, 18ti2. 
 
 Hopkins, .Vle.xander F., co. II, Isth Inf.; died in 
 rebel prison, Cahaba. Ala., Nov. 10, 1804. 
 
 Hilton, Joseph H.. co. K, ISth Inf.: m. o. May 2!i. 1,S05. 
 
 Hindes, Thomas J., co. K, ISth Inf.; killed by ex- 
 plosion of steamer Sultana April 2.S, 18()5. 
 
 Hungeford. Elon G., co. H, Isth Inf.: trans, lii nth 
 Mich. Inf. 
 
 Harrison, Daniel, co. B. isth Inf.: nj.o. Junc20, l,S(i.5. 
 
 Humphrey, Charles .\., CO. B,lSth Inf.;m.o. June20,'65. 
 
 Hirkinur. Robert, co. K, isth Inf.; m. o. June 20, 1865. 
 
 Hoy, Alexander, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 22, 1s<m. 
 
 Hubble, Era.stus B., co. K. isth Inf.; m. o. June 20, '0.5. 
 
 Hopkins, William J., co. K, 18tli Inf.: ilied of dis- 
 ease, at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 7, Isc:;. 
 
 Harmon. Daniel, co. K. isth Inf. 
 
 Hilton, Edward W., co. K, isth Inf.; dis. for di.s;ib. 
 June !'. Iso:!. 
 
 Hill, Elijah. CO. K. isth Inf.; m. o. .lune 20, l.so.5. 
 
 Hogle. Charles F., co. B, ISth Inf.; died of disease, 
 at Decatur, Ala., Aug. 1, 1804. 
 
544 
 
 HISTORY (JF MONUOI£ COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Hedsig, Samucl.co. A, 18th Inf.; trans, to 9tli Mich. Inf. 
 Hall, John C, co. B, ISth Inf.; trans, to 9th Mich. Inf. 
 Hosea, James P., oo. A, 24th Inf. 
 Hine, E. W., co. F. 24th Inf. 
 Hendricks, Benjamin A., co. G, 24th Inf. 
 Herrick, Edward A., co. D, 24tb Inf.; m. o. June 30,'ti.5. 
 Hobart, Luther, co. F, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 4, 18(55. 
 Hadley, Marquis, co. F, 26th Inf.; m. o. June 4, 186.5. 
 Hamilton, Palmer, co. F, 2Gth Inf.; m. o. June 3, 186.5. 
 Hopkins, Johnson B., co. E, 1st Reg. Engs. and 
 
 Mechs., Missouri Vol. 
 Harris, Edwin T., co. F, 1st Reg. Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 died of disease March 1, 1862. 
 House, George A., co. F, 1st Reg. Engs. and Mechs. 
 Heath, Merrill, co. F, 1st Reg. Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. for disab. April 24, 1862. 
 Hutchin?, Stejihen B., co. F,lst Cav.; ra. o. July 17, '65. 
 Hoskins, John R, co. F, 1st Cav.; m. o. June 20, 1865. 
 Hunt, William W.. co. F, 1st Cav.; m.o. Aug. 26, 1865. 
 Howland, Andrew A., co. F, 1st Cav.; m. o. Jan. 24, '66. 
 Hawley, Francis R., co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 20, 1863. 
 Holcomb, Horace, jr., eo. K, 1st Cav.; dis. to re- 
 enlist as vet. Dec. 20, 1863, and m. o. May 11, 1865. 
 Hurd, Andrew J., co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. to I'e-enlist 
 
 in regular service, Nov. 3, 1862. 
 Holcomb, Horace, co. F, 1st Cav.; m. o. May 11, 1865. 
 Horey, Alton, 2d Cav.; m. o. Aug. 17, 1865. 
 Howe, Daniel C, co. B, 5th Cav. 
 Harmer, Henry, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 Hawks. Carlton H., co. K, 5th Cav. 
 Hawks, Erastus P., co. K, 5th Cav. 
 Herkmier, Henry, co. K, 5th Cav. 
 Hardingar, George, co. H, 4th Cav.; trans, to V. R. 
 
 C.April .30, 186.5. 
 Hetline, Michael, 8th (DeGolyer) Bat.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Jan. 13, 1863. 
 Hall, Henry M., co. D, 9th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 Haiget, Robert J., co. D, 9th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 Hamlin, Asahel, co. D, 9th Cav.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Jan. 1.5, 18(14. 
 Henrick, John,ccj. E,llth Cav.; dis. for disab. Aug. 21, 
 
 18(j4. 
 Highwarden, Abraham, co. E, 102d U. S. C. T.; 
 
 m. o. Sept. 30, 18(55. 
 Hopkins, Johnson B., co. E, 1st Reg. Engs., Mis- 
 souri Volunteers. 
 Ingersoll, Richard P., Dundee; cajit. 18th Inf., July 
 
 27, 1862 ; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Isabelle, James, co. K, 11th Inf.; killed at Chicka- 
 
 mauga, Sept. 20, 1 863. 
 Innes, John M., co. D, 1.5th Inf. 
 Isabelle, Myron, co. K, 1.5th Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug. 
 
 16, 1862. 
 Inman, Isaiah, co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease Jan. 19, 
 
 18(54. 
 Inman, Elisha, co. I, I7tli Inf.; dis. at Washington, 
 
 D. C. 
 Irish, Sidney P., co. H, ISth Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Feb. 13, l.s(53. 
 Irish, George, co. K, 3d Cav.; dis. to re-enljst as 
 
 vet. Jan 20, 1864. 
 
 Janny, EUvood, Bedford; e. Aug. 11, 1862, sergt. co. 
 
 K, ISth Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. March 1, 1864; m.o. 
 
 June 26, 1865. 
 Johnson, Charles, Monroe; e. Dec. 8, 1862, com. sergt. 
 
 ISth Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Aug. (5, 18(54; 1st. lieut. 
 
 Nov. 1, 18(54; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Johnson, John, co. A, 74tli Inf.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 April 10, 1864. 
 Jones, John, 7th Inf.; dis. Dec. 1, 1861. 
 Jandreaux, Paul, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Jones, C'harles.co. D,7th Inf.; dis. for disal). Dec. 24, '62. 
 Jones, Thomas P., co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Johnson, Miles B., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for <lisab. 
 
 March 8, 1863. 
 Johnson, Jasper, co. I, 11th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Dechard, Tenn., Aug. 1, 1863. 
 Jerenoy, Joseph, co. A, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Jackson, Francis, co. H, 12th Inf.; dis. by order, 
 
 Sept. 30, 1865. 
 Jarvis, Octave, co. B, loth Inf.; m. o. .\ug. 13, 18(55. 
 Jacobs, Frederick, co. B, b5th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, '(io. 
 Jacobs, FMwin, co. H, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 7, 1865. 
 Jacobs, Hiram, CO. 1, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug,26,'62. 
 Johnson, Justin D., co. K, 15th Inf.; trans, to V. 
 
 R. C. May 1, 18(54. 
 Jackson, Anton, co. K, 1.5th Inf. 
 Johnson, Austin, co. B, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Camp Sherman, Aug. 22, 1863. 
 Johnson, Robert, co. B, 1.5th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Aug. 30, 1863. 
 Jackson, Charles H., co. A, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 15, 1863. 
 Jackson, Samuel, co. C, 17th Inf.; ni. o. June 3, 1805. 
 Jones, John, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 4, '65. 
 Jackson, James J., co. I, 17th Inf. 
 Jackson, Lewis C, co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Falmouth, Va., Jan. 13, 1863. 
 Johnson, Russell M., co. I, 17th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 June 17, 18(55. 
 Johnson, Samuel, co. I, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 Johnson, Jesse, co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease in 
 
 Michigan, Sept. 2,1862. 
 Johnson, James, co. I, 17th Inf.; m.o. June 3, 1865. 
 Jacobs, D., CO. H, 17th Inf.; died of disease in mili- 
 tary prison, Florence, S. C. 
 Johnson, Richard, co. G, 17th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 May 27, 1865. 
 Jackson, Jackson, co. I, 171li Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Feb. 1, 1865. 
 Johnson, William W,, co. G, 18tli Inf.; trans, to 9th 
 
 Mich Inf. 
 Janney, Elwood, co. H., 18th Inf. 
 Johnson, Squire, co. H., 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, '65. 
 Jackson, AVallace W., co. E, 18th Inf.; trans, to 9th 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Jacobs, Eli, co. D, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 Jenks, Augustus, co. A, 24th Inf.; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 1, 1863. 
 Jamieson, William H, co. G, 24th Inf.; died in 
 
 hosp. of wounds. May 25, 1863. 
 Jewel, William, co. G, 24th Inf. 
 Jones, Nathaniel, co. F, 26th Inf. 
 
Tllli WAK OK THE KKllIil.I.IUN. 
 
 )4r. 
 
 .lipson, Jolm S., co. K, 1st Cav.; di? . for disab. 
 Jolinson, James C, co. L, 1st Cav.; ilis. by order, 
 
 June 7, l.Slio. 
 Jones, II. B., co. L, 1st Cav.; dis. by order, .Sept. r2,'(i.'). 
 Johnson, Abraliam H., co. K, 3d Cav.; dis. to re- 
 enlist as vet. Jan. 1!), 1S64. 
 Jacobs, Tlieodore, I'o. K, 3d Cav.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Jan. 20, ISW; m. o. Feb. 12, IKIJ."). 
 Jacobs, Harvey, co. K, 3d Cav.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 20, 1K(H; m. o. Sept. 2.5, 1S6.5. 
 Jacobs, John, co. K, 3d Cav.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 20, lS(i4. 
 Johnson, Charles M., co. H, lid Cav.; ni. o. Feb. 12, '((.5. 
 Jones. Austin A., co. A, 4th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Oct. 14, 18(i3. 
 ■b.hnson, George, co. C, otii Cav. 
 J uckett, Ashley R., co. K, -"ith Cav.; died of disease 
 
 at Convalescent Camp, Aug. :;, I8tJ:{. 
 Johnson, Luther M., co. A, SIth Cav.; died of dis- 
 ease at Camp Nelson, Ky.. 0(!t. 2."), isu:',. 
 Kelley, James II., Exeter; e. Aug. l.s, l,St)2, as sergt. 
 
 CO. K, bSth Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Nov. 24, !8(i2; 1st lieut- 
 
 Nov. 0, 1.S03; taken prisoner in action at Athens, 
 
 Ala., Sept. 24, l.sti4; exchanged Nov. 14, 1S(>4; m. o. 
 
 .hine 20, 180.5. 
 Kirby, Restconie R., Monroe; capt. 11th Cav., Aug. 
 
 I. 1803; res. Jan. 10, 1805. 
 Knaggs, Robert C, Monroe; e. Aug. 22, 18(il, sergt.- 
 
 maj. 7th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Jan. 1, 1802; 1st lieut. 
 
 .Sept. 1, 1802; taken prisoner at Gettysburg, Pa., 
 
 July 1, 1803; released March 7, 1804; brevet capt. 
 
 U. S. Vol. March 13, 1805, "for gallant .services dur- 
 ing the war;" ni. o. July 5, 1805. 
 Knaggs, Wesley J., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Nov. 11, 18(;2. 
 Kittle, Jesse D., co. A, 4th Inf.; killed at Malvern 
 
 Hill, Va., July 1, 1802. 
 Kcmpf, Godfroy, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 Knabe, Augustus, co. A, 4th Inf.; kille<l at Malvern 
 
 Hill, Va., July 1, 1802. 
 Kronibach, Adam, co. A, 4th Inf.; <lis. at exp. of 
 
 service, June 30, 1804. 
 Kidder, Samuel P., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service. June .30, 1804. 
 Kenilal, Harry, co. A, 4th Inf.; died of disease in 
 
 hospital Oct. 22, 1801. 
 Kane, William, co. C, 11th Inf.; m. o .Sept. 7, lS<i5. 
 Kronhack, Mi<hael,co. D.llth Inf.; ui. o. .Sept. 10, 18(15. 
 Kelley, John, CO. K, 1.5th Itif.;dis. by order .Vug. 28,'()5. 
 King, William, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1804. 
 Kulin, Frank, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Feb. 24, 1804; killed at Kene.saw Mt., Ga., 
 
 June 27, 1804. 
 Kries, Louis, co. K, l-5th Inf. 
 
 Kiny, Robert,co. F,1.5th Inf.; dis. for disab. May 22,'62. 
 Knapp, Charles, co. H, 1.5th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 .May 21, 1805. 
 Kelley, Thomas, co. A,17tb Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Ken<lal, Nathan, co. C, 17th Inf.; m.o. June 3, 180.5. 
 Kemp, Lewis, co. C. 17th Inf ; died of disease at 
 Waterford, Nov. 14, 1802. 
 
 Knowles, James, co. C, 17tli Inf.; m.o. .lunc :;, l.so.'i. 
 Kent, William J., co. C, 17th Inf., killed at .'^outh 
 
 Mountain, Md., Sept. 14, 1802. 
 Kemp, James J., co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Michigan, Sept. 2.8, 1862. 
 Kinney, John H., co. H, 17th Inf.; ilied of disease 
 
 at Andersonville. Ga., July ".I, 1,S04. 
 Keifer, (ieorgcco. H,17th Inf.: trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Kenyon, John S., co. H, I8lh Inf.; di.s. for disab. 
 
 Sept. 2, 1802. 
 Kidder, Isaac D., co. H, 18th Inf.; dis. for di.sab. 
 
 July 7, 1803. 
 Kelly. James H., co. II, 18tli Inf. 
 Kelly, John, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 20, 1,865. 
 Ketchum, .-Varon, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Lebanon, Ky., April 28, 1803. 
 Kelly. Thomas, co. K. 18th Inf.; died of di.sease at 
 
 Nashville. Tenn., May 7, 1803. 
 Kliver, Jacob, co. K, 1.8th Inf.; m. o. Juno 20, l.s05. 
 Kellar. Edwards, co. K, l.'^th Inf. 
 
 Kelley, Nathaniel, co. H, 18th Inf.; died of disease 
 • at Decatur, Ala., Aug. 3, 1804. 
 Kemp, George M., co. A, 24th Inf. 
 Kavanaugh, Stephen, co. A, 24th Inf. 
 Kennedy, Albert H., co. F, 20th Inf.; dis. for di.sab. 
 
 March .')0, 1805. 
 Kingsley, Ira D., co. M, 1st Cav.; m.o. July 24, 1805. 
 Knowles, Thomas K., co. K, 3il Cav.; dis. to re- 
 enlist as vet. Jan. 20, 1804; m. o. Feb. 12, 18(i(). 
 Knoll, Boyd, co. H, 3d Cav.; m. o. Feb. 12, ISOG. 
 Kinear, Eli IL. co. C, •5th Cav. 
 Kirchmaier, AVilliara, co. C, .5th Cav. 
 Kirchman, William, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 King, Cyrus, co. G, 102d U. S. C. T.; m.o. Sept. .30, 1.8(i5. 
 Lamb, John, Monroe: 2d lieut. 11th Inf., March 1, 
 
 1805; pro. 1st lieut., Aug. 1, 1805: m. o. Sept. 10, '05. 
 Lampman, Darrell, Peter.sl)urg; 2d lieut. Uth Inf., 
 
 :March 1. 1.S05; m. o. Sept. 10, I,S05. 
 Landon, Henry B., Monroe; 1st lieut. and ndjt. 7th 
 
 Inf.. Aug. HI, 1.S01; res. Oct. 23, 1.S02; asst. surg., 
 
 Oct. 2, 1863; res. April 20, 1.S04. 
 Landon, George M., Monroe; 2d lieuf 4th Cav., Dec. 
 
 20, 1.S02; pro. l.st lieut. Feb. 1.8, 1803; cajit., Dec. 11, 
 1.804; m. o. July 1, 1.80.5. 
 
 LaPointe, George, Monroe; e. Aug. 22, 1.80 1, 
 Fcrgt. CO. D, 7th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut, Sept. IS, 
 1.802; 1st lieut.. May 20, 1.863; cai)t., Sept. 21, 1,803; 
 wounded in action. May 13, 1804; lieut. col.. Oct. 
 12, 1,804; bievetcol., U.S. V., April 2, 1.S05, "for gal- 
 lant and meritorious service in front of Petersburg, 
 Va.;" col., Nov. 1.8, 1S04; m. o. as lieut-col., July 5, 
 1 805. 
 
 LaPointe, Moses A., Monroe; 1st. lieut. loth Inf., 
 Jan. 1, 1.802; pro. capt. Oct. I, 1.8li2; lieut.-col., Jan. 
 
 21, 1805; brevet col., V. S. V., May 24, 1805. "for gal- 
 lant and meritorious services during the war;" m. o. 
 Aug. 13, 1.S05. 
 
 Leflford, Asa C, Petersburg; entered service. Jan. 14, 
 1.805, sergt. co H, lllh Inf.; jiro. 2d lieuf. Aug. 12, 
 1865; not mustered as an officer; dis. Sept. 10, 1.S05. 
 
 Littletield, John J., Dundee; as.«ist. surg. 18th Inf., 
 Oct. 2.5, 1N(;4: m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
546 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Leiuerand, Alex., Monroe; entered service, Oct. 17, 
 1861, sergt. co. D, 15th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 
 1864; 1st lieut, June 6, 1865; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 
 Livingston, Samuel, Monroe; entered service, Aug. 
 22, 1861, sergt. co. K, 7th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. April 
 22, 1862; 1st lieut., Sept. 17, 1862; capt., May 20, 
 1863; m. o. Oct. 5, 1864. 
 
 Luce, Constant, Monroe; capt. 4th Inf. May 16, 1861; 
 res. Nov. 23, 1861; lieut-col. 17th Inf. Aug. 8, 1862; 
 pro. col. March 21, 1864; dis. Dec. 4, 1864. 
 
 Lassey, Richard R., e. co. A, 4th Inf.: died at Belle 
 Isle, Va., 1864. 
 
 Lassey, William, e. co. A, 4th Inf.; dip. at exp. of 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Leonard, Freeman, co. A, 4th Inf.; died of disease 
 in hospital at Harrison Bar, July 8, 1862. 
 
 Leonard, John, co. A, 4th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 Wind Mill Point, Va., Feb. 11, 1863. 
 
 Ladd, Charles H, co. A, 4th Inf.; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 
 Libby, George W., co. G, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 LaFountain, Paul, co. I, 4th Inf. 
 
 Loss, Henry, co. F, 6th Inf. 
 
 Lamkin, William, co. D., 7th Inf. 
 
 Lewis, James, co. D. 7th Inf. 
 
 Laftler, Warren, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as vet. 
 Dec. 18, 1863. 
 
 Lanclause, Gustavus, co. D, 7th Inf.; died at Fred- 
 ericksburg, Va., of wounds, Oct. 29, 1862. 
 
 Libby, Luke, co D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Lockwood, George W., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for 
 wounds, June 30, 1863. 
 
 Learaan, John, co. C, 7tli Inf.; killed at Wilderness, 
 Va., May 6, 1864. 
 
 Landon, Frederick, co. I, lltli Inf ; die. for disab. 
 
 Lamkin, Elijah, co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Sept. 30, 1X64. 
 
 Lockwood, George, co. I, 12th Inf.; died at Chat- 
 tanooga, of wounds, Aug. 23, 1864. 
 
 Lear, Adam, co. K, 11th Inf. 
 
 Lautenschlager, co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. at oxp. of 
 service, Sept. 30, 1S64. 
 
 Lefford, Asa C, co. H, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1.S65. 
 
 Lesher, Samuel, co. H, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
 Lee, Charles H., co. H, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
 Lemery, Samuel, co. I, 1 1th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
 Little, Albert, co. B, 12th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 9, 1865. 
 
 Little, Riueliart, co. B, 12th Inf.; dis. by order 
 Sept. 9, 1865. 
 
 Link, John, co. A, 15th Inf. 
 
 Loucks, John W., co. A, 15th Inf. 
 
 Loranger, George, co. B, 15th Inf.: dis. for disab. 
 
 LaBean, Francis, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 March 10, 1863. 
 
 LaZette, Serille,co.B,15th Inf.; dis. fordiasb.Sept.9,'62. 
 
 Libby, Luke, co. B, 15tli Inf.; died of disease, at 
 Snyder's Bluff', Miss., July 24, 1863. 
 
 Lafleur, Warren, co. B, 15th Inf.; ni. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 
 Lemorand, Alexander, co. D, 15th Inf.; dis. to 
 re-enlist as vet. Feb. 2, 1664; dis. by order, April 
 24, ISGo. 
 
 Lawrence, Henry, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Lavron, Eli, co. D, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Feb. 14, 1864. 
 Laduke, Peter, co. D, 15th Inf.; killed at Corinth, 
 
 Miss., Oct. 3, 1862. 
 Lamb, Glanville W., co. E, 15th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Camp Sherman, Miss., Aug. 4, 1863. 
 Lecroix, Joseph, co. G, loth Inf.; m. o. Aug. 16, 
 
 1865; dis. to re-enlist as vet. Jan. 24, 1864. 
 Lee, Sanford, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Dec. 8. '62. 
 Lapell, Edward, co. H, 15th Inf.; died of wounds, 
 
 at Marietta, Ga., Sept. 1, 1864. 
 Lariu, Antoine, co. H, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 
 
 1865; dis. to re-enlist as vet. Jan. 24, 1864. 
 Laplant, Francis, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, April 7, 1865. 
 Larkin, Amos, co. K, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 March 31, 1865. 
 Lavigne, Isadora, co. K, loth Inf.; died at Corinth, 
 
 Miss., July 18, 1862. 
 Larrain, Charles, co. K, 15th Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Mound City, 111., Oct. 30, 1862. 
 Long, William, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 LaHee, Warren, co. K, 1.5th Inf. 
 Lartau, Charles, co. K, 1.5th Inf 
 Lavine, Fadu, co. K, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 July 11, 1862. 
 Love, Enon, co. D,. 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as vet. 
 
 Feb. 23, 1864. 
 Loranger, Augustus, co. B, loth Inf.; m. o. May 30, '65. 
 Lapoint, John, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. April 
 
 .30, 1865. 
 Laziness, Gilbert, co. C, 15th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 June 30, 1865. 
 Louckes, Henry, co. G, 15th Inf; m. o. .\ug. 13, 18()5. 
 Louckes, Levi, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. by order Sept. 18, 
 
 18(;5. 
 
 Loran, Joseph, co. H, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Leonard, Moses, co. K, 1.5th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 Sept. 2, 1865. 
 Layman, David, co. F. l.jtb Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Evansville. Ind.. July 17, 1862. 
 Lemerand, Jonas, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of wounds 
 
 received at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, 1864. 
 Laurant, Joseph, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Fairfax Seminary Hospital. 
 Laduke, James, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 7, 1864. 
 Lezott, John B., co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Lemory, Frederick, co. A, 17th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Lexington, K}*., June. 1864. 
 Lemerand, Thomas, co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2il 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Lemerand, Daniel, co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Lemerand, Eli, co. E,17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Labeau, Charles, co. E,17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Lezott, Eli, CO. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Loranger, Peter, co. E. 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Luce, William E.,co. F, 17th Inf.; trans.to2d Mich. Inf, 
 Lear, John, co. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Layness,Peter,co.E,17th Inf.; dis. by order, July[20,'65. 
 
Till; WAR OF tup: KKHKLLION, 
 
 547 
 
 Long, Uavid H.,<.o. G, 17th Inf.; in. o. June 3, 180.5. 
 
 Lahr, Joseph, co. C, 1 7th Inf.; ni, o. Jnne rj, ISfi."). 
 
 Liltby, Oliver.co. 1, 17tli Inf.; tlis. fordisab. Jan. 14,'i>4. 
 
 Labue, Williao), co. I, 17th Inf. 
 
 Laniphirc, Charles H., co. 1, 17th Inf.;dis. Jan. 1, 180:!. 
 
 Layh-r, Andrew, co. C, 17th Inf.; killed at South Mt. 
 Sept. 14. 1802. 
 
 hindsey, Giles, co. H, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 .Sandy Creek, N. Y. Jan., 1804. 
 
 Lawrence, Henry C, co. H, 18th Inf.; <lied of dis- 
 ease at Lexington, Ky., April 13, 1803. 
 
 Laiukin, Benjaiuin, co. H, ISth Inf.; dii^. for disab. 
 June 10, 1803. 
 
 Lungdon, Martin, co. H, ISth Inf.; lu. o. June 26, 18G5. 
 
 Lattin, Lemuel H., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 8, IStw. 
 
 Lanian, Jacob, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of disease at 
 Decatur, Ala., Aug. 12, 1864. 
 
 Landon, Frederick, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of dis 
 ease at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 20, 1804. 
 
 Larouche, Frank, co. K, 18th Inf.; trans, to Otli Mich. 
 Inf. 
 
 Lagness, t'anellto, co. A, 18th Inf.; ni. o. Jan. 2(), 1805. 
 
 Legnuss, Phillip, co. A, 18th Inf.; m, o. Jan. 26, 1805. 
 
 Lo.ss. Henry, co. B, 24th Inf.; ni. o. June 30, 18().5. 
 
 Labadeaux, Joseph, co. D, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, '0.5. 
 
 Littletield, John S., co. F, 24th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Feb. 23, 1803. 
 
 Lautenslager, Samuel T., co G, 24th Inf.; dis. for 
 disab. March 29, 18()4. 
 
 Langs, Enoch F., co. G, 24th Inf. 
 
 Langs, Charles W., co. G, 24th Inf.; trans, to V. 
 R. C. July 1, 1S64. 
 
 Laniphire, Charles H.,co. F, 20th Inf.; in. o. June 4,'6.5. 
 
 I.anning, George, co. F, 26th Inf.; in.o. June 4, 180.5. 
 
 Littlefield, Cyms E., co. K, Ist Cav., dis. to re- 
 enlist as vet. Dec. 20, 1863. 
 
 l.angs, Gustavus, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 
 Lewis, Sidney, co. B, .5th Cav.; dis. for minority 
 Dec. 3, 1802. 
 
 Laflenr, Frederick, co. C, ■5tli Cav. 
 
 Lutze, John, co. C, -ith Cav.; killed at Berryville, 
 Va., .\ug. 19, 1804, by guerrillas. 
 
 Laboe, Phillip, co. C, .5th Cav. 
 
 Lamkin, C, co. K, 5th Cav. 
 
 Leroy, Elliott, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; died of 
 disease at Nashville, Tenn., March 29, 1804. 
 
 Langless, James, co. L, Ist Engs. and Mechs.; m. o. 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 18G.5. 
 
 Lamkin, A., co. E, 9tli Cav. 
 
 Lewif. Washington, co. K, l()2d U. S. C. T.; m. o. 
 Sept. 30, 1805. 
 
 .Mason, John W., Dundee; asst. surg. (ith Inf.; e. July 
 29, 1802; pro. surg. Dec. 23, 1804; m.o. Aug. 29, 1805. 
 
 Maxwell, George R.. Monroe; e. .■Vug. 15, 1801, sergt. 
 CO. K, 1st Cav.; pro. 1st lleut. July 30, 1802; wound- 
 ed in action at Monterey, Md.; pro. capt. Aug. 22, 
 1.8()3; wounded in action at Harris' Shop, Va., May 
 28. 1804; pro. lieut. col. Oct. 25, 1.804; wounded in 
 action at Five Forks, Va., April 1, 18ti5 (leg ampu- 
 tated); brevet col. U. S. Vol. March 13, 1805, "for 
 conspicuous gallantry in action;" dis. Aug. 4, 1805. 
 
 Lumgate, John, e. co. F, 9th Cav. 
 
 Maxwell, William B., Grafton; e. .Sept. 2(1, 1.S04, as 
 
 private CO, B, 1st Cav.; pro. 2il lieut. March 7, 1805; 
 
 died of disease at Pleasant Valley, Va., Mar. 4, 1805. 
 McBride, James G., Monroe; 1st lieut. and adj. 15th 
 
 Inf.; e. Jan. 1, 1862; pro. capt. 9th Cav.; Nov. 3, 
 
 18t)2; maj. Oct. 17, 1805; m. o. as capt. July 21, 1805. 
 McLachlin, William D., Petersburg; 1st lieut. Uth 
 
 Inl ; e. :March 1, 1805; m. o. Sept. 10, 1805. 
 Slizur, William, London; e. Aug. 0, 1861, sergt. co. F, 
 
 16th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. May 8, 1.865; 1st lieut. July 
 
 7, 1865; m. o. as 2d lieut. July 8, 1865. 
 Munger, George, Dundee; e. Aug. 22, 1861, as sergt. 
 
 CO. D, 7th Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. March 2, 1864; capt. 
 
 Oct. 5, 1864; m. o. July .5, 1865. 
 Markliam, Galen, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Dec. 10, 1862. 
 Miller, Riley ,eo. B,4th Inf.; trans.V.R.C. Feb. 1.5, 1804. 
 Mosier Aaron, co. A, 4th Inf.; died of wounds re- 
 ceived July 1, 18()2. 
 Mosier, Isaac, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 Metty, Eli, co. E, 4th Inf. 
 Morgan, Moses, co. G, 4th Inf. 
 McKiver, Robert, co. H, 4tli Inf.; dis. lor difab. 
 
 May 29, l.so2. 
 McSherry, Pat.co. C,4th Inf.; dis. fordisab. Feb. 27,'t)3. 
 McSherry, Peter, co. C, 5th Inf. 
 Moulton, Charles, <'o. K, 6th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 near Vicksbuig, Miss., May 17, 1862. 
 McFetridge, Samuel, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Maurcr, John, co. D, 7tli Inf.; killed at Malvern 
 
 Hill, June 30, 1862. 
 Marshall, George, co. D, 7tli Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 Miles, Sylvester, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Morgan, Isaac, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 18, 1803; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 
 
 6, 1.S64. 
 Munger, Edward C, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 22, 1864. 
 Munger, George D, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 Miles, Theodore H., co. D, 7tli Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 18, 18t>3. 
 Munger, Jolm,co. D,7lh Inf.; <lis. fordisab. Oct. 21, '61. 
 McCauley, James, co. 1>, 7tli Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Miles, Wilson, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Milburn, Frank, co. 1), 7tli Inl.; trans, to V. U. C. 
 
 March 15, 1864. 
 McKinney, James E.,co. H,llth Inf.; ra. o. Aug. 17, '05. 
 Mead, Joseph II., co. II, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 10. 1865. 
 McMcckin, Samuel, co. E, 11th Inf.; ni.o.Sei>t. 10,I8().5. 
 Mc(iuire,John,co. 1,11 til Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug. 17, '(i2. 
 Moulton, John F., co. I. 11th Inf.; died of disea.se 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 30, 1.S02. 
 Minor, Moses, co. I, lltli Inf.; trans, to Isl V. S. 
 
 Eng., Aug. 18, 18(i4. 
 McLathlin, Nathan, co. K, 1 Itli Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Mvrick, Albert, co. K, Uth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 June 1, 1803. 
 
548 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 McNeil, Alexandei-.co. A, 1 Itli Inf.; in. o. Sept. 10,18(15. 
 McFarlane, John O. A., co. I, 11th Inf.; (lis. at exp. 
 
 of sor vice, Nov. 9, 1S63. 
 Morrison, Clark I., co. A, 13th Inf.; (lis. for disab. 
 
 June 9, 18()2. 
 Mossie, Henry, co. H, l.'ttli Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 1, 18(14; ni. o. Aug. l:i, lS(i5. 
 Miller, Isaac, co. B, loth Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Cincinnati, 0., June 20, 1802. 
 Murphy, James J., co. C, l-")th Inf.; killed at Shiloli, 
 
 Tenn., April (!, 18(12. 
 Murray, Martin, co. C, l.'ith Inf. 
 Murray, Andrew, co. C, 15th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., May 2, 18(i2. 
 Mackel, Wolf. co. F, 15th Inf. 
 Mountry, Louis, co. Ci, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Jan. 24, 1864; ni. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Mills, Williani,co. Ci,15th Inf.; dis. fordisab, Feb. 9,'(13. 
 Marr, Nelson, co. G, 15th Inf.; died of disease. 
 McMillen, George, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Nov. 20, 1863. 
 Myrick, Ozroe E., co. II, 15th Inf.; dis. for disal). 
 
 Sept. 20, 1862. 
 MeEldowny, John, co. H, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 12, 1802. 
 Millage, Richard, co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 1, 18(52. 
 Miller, John L., co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Mauire, Joseph, co. K, lotli Inf. 
 Miller, Simpson, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 Mills, William. 
 Mains, Joseph, co. F. 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Sept. 
 
 20, 1862. 
 Mclnnes, John. co. 1), 15th Int.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Feb. 15, 1S(14. 
 Moses, Henry, co. F, 15th Inf.; m. o. Jan. 25, 1864. 
 McKlesky, Owen, co. I. 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 2, 1865. 
 Miller, Luther D., co. E, 15th Inf.; dis. bv order May 
 
 30, 1865. 
 Moses, Edwin, co. F, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. June 
 
 17, 1862. 
 McDowell, Henry, co. G, 15th Inf.; m.o. Aug. 13, 18(55. 
 McCord, Franklin, CO. G, 15th Int.; m.o Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Martin, Solomon, co. G, 15th Inf.; m.o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Martin, William, co. (J, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Minor, Henry, co. I, loth Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Munger, Albert H., co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 May 19, 1865. 
 Morton, Peter, co. H, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Andersonville, (ia., Sept. 5, 1864. 
 Morass, Gustavus, co. H, 17th Int.; died of disease 
 
 at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 10, 1864. 
 Moore, Peter, co. A, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Miller, Stacy, co. B, 17tli Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Miller, John F., co. B,17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Miller, Frank, co. B,17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Miller, Elias, co. B, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 McKay, John, co. B, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 McDonald, Thomas.co.G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. 
 
 Inf. 
 
 Murphy, Thomas,co. G,17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Mountrie, John, co. H,17th lnf.;trans. to 2d Mich.Inf 
 
 McMannis, Owen, co. B, 17th Inf.; dis. from V. R. 
 C. by order Sept. 4, 1865. 
 
 Morgan, Richard, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 
 Morse, Isaac, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Maury, Andrew, co. G, 17th Int.; died of disease in 
 Military Prison, Andersonville, Ga., July 18, 186-1. 
 
 Metzger, J., co. B, 17th Inf.; dis. for di.sab. Oct. 3, 1864. 
 
 McLain, Eli W.. co. K, 18th Inf.; ni. o. June 2(1, 1865. 
 
 Manwaring. Henry, co. K, 18th Inf. 
 
 Mitty, Anthony K., co. K, 18th Int.; killed by ex- 
 plosion of steamer Sultana, April 28, 1865. 
 
 Mclntri, Thomas A.,co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26,'65. 
 
 Mclntre, Benjamin F., co. K, 18th Inf.; dis. for 
 disab. Sept. 26, 1863. 
 
 Mclntre, George W., co. K, 18th Inf.; died of <lis- 
 ease at Snow's Pound, Ky., Oct. 4, 1862. 
 
 Mclntre, John A., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, '65. 
 
 Mener, (Gilbert, co. K, 18th Inf.; dis. Dec. 26, 1862. 
 
 McKay, Martin, co. K, 18th Inf.; clied of disease at 
 Lexington, Ky. Oct. 24, 1862. 
 
 Mominee, John,co. C,18thlnf.; trans, to 9th Mich. Inf. 
 
 Munger, James J., co. H, 18th Inf.; killed at 
 Athens, Ala., Sept. 24, 18(54. 
 
 .Aliller. Homer, co, II, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Moger, William, co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 McCarty, Robert, co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 
 
 Merritt, George, co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 MeEldowny, Andrew J., co. K, ISth Inf.; killed by 
 explosion of steamer Sultana, April 28, 1865. 
 
 Miller, John, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 MeEldowny, Stores, co. K, Isth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Feb. 9, 1865. 
 
 MeEldowny, Augustu8,co. K, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 26,'65. 
 
 MuUer, John G., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 18(55. 
 
 Miller, William H., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26,'65. 
 
 Miller, Josiah,co. H, ISth Inf.; trans, to 9th Mich. Inf. 
 
 Mominee, Joseph, co. C, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, '65. 
 
 Mann, James, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 7, 1865. 
 
 Martin, Basil, co. D, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 
 Moore, George A., co. A, 24th Inf.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 March 15, 1864. 
 
 Murphy, James, co. A, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 
 Menor, Joseph, co. D, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 
 McGlenn, George W.,co. K,24th Inf.; m.o. June 30,'65. 
 
 Morrow, Bela H., co. K, 24th Int.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 
 Mally,Charles,co. A,24thlnf.; dis. fordisab. June8,'64. 
 
 Malley, James, co. A, 24th Inf.; died at his home of 
 wounds June 6, 1864. 
 
 Morris, Lewis D., co. A, 24tli Inf.; died of disease 
 at Culpepper, Va., April 12, 1864, 
 
 MuUer, AVilliam R., co, B, 26th Int.; m. o. June 3, '(55. 
 
 Merriman, Reuben, co. K, 102d U. S. C. T.; m. o. 
 Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Mixor, James M., co. L, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Murphy, Harmon, co. L, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; m. o. nt Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Murphy, Nathan, co. L, 1st Engineers and Mechan- 
 ics; m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Mozser, Elisha, co. L, 1st Engineers and Mechan- 
 ics; m. o, at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865, 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION, 
 
 549 
 
 Munson, Thoiiiiis S., c-o. M, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 flianios; m. o. at Nasliville, Tenn., Sept. 22, LSG5. 
 
 Morris, Emory C, co. M, 1st Engineers anil Me- 
 chanics; m. o. at Nasliville, Tenn., Sept. 22, ISii."). 
 
 Mdorc, Klliiitt F., co. M, 1st Engineers ami Me- 
 chanics; m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, l.S,s,o. 
 
 JInrphy, Seha D., oo. F, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; dis. for disah. 
 
 McFall, Andrew J., co. F, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; dis. for disah. 
 
 McFall, Cornelius P., co. F; Ist Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; dis. at exp. of service Oct. 'M, IWi-l. 
 
 Miirgan, Elijah, co. L, Ist Enginoei't' and Mechan- 
 ics; dis. for disab. Feb. 11, l.HtH. 
 
 Mea<l, Chauncy A., co. E, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; ni. 0. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, l.S(i.5. 
 
 McBride, Cyrus E., co. K, 1st Cav. 
 
 .Mead, Theodore, co. K, 1st Cav.: dis. at cxp. of ser- 
 vice Aug. 22, 1.>^S4. 
 
 Marcott, Oliver, co. K, 1st Cav.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Feb. 15, 1.S64. 
 
 Maxuni. Horace M.,co. M, 1st Cav.; ni. o. .Tune 12, ISiw. 
 
 ^[cD(l^vell, James, co. B, 4th Cav.; m. o. Aug. \b, l.SG-'i. 
 
 Menor, Peter, co. C, 5th Cav.; died of disease at 
 Detroit, Oct. 14, l.S(i2. 
 
 Myers, AVarren \V., co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Masten, Abraham, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Menor, Francis, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Murphy, Lnba D., co. D, 0th Cav.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Jan. 15, l.St)4. 
 
 McAuley, James, co. E, !)th Cav. 
 
 .McHerrill, J., co. E, 9th Cav. 
 
 Navarre, Alex. T., Monroe.; Jan. 2(), l,st)4, q. m. 
 sergt. 7th Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. and adjt. Nov. 4, 1SG4; 
 m. i>. July .'>, 1865. 
 
 Nims, Frederick A., Monroe; Aug. 22, 18(>2, as 
 sergt. CO. C, oth Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. Jan. 12, 1,804; 
 1st lieut., March 7, 1865; m. o. Aug. 22, 18(15. 
 
 Navarre, Isaac, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 
 Nolan, Thomas, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enli.st as 
 vet. Dec. 2!l, 18G.3. 
 
 Nelson, Benjamin F., co. A, 4th Inf. 
 
 Navarre, Alexander, co. E, 4th Inf.; trans, to V. R. 
 C. Nov. 15, 1864. 
 
 Nelson, Frank B., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Navarre, David, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 
 Navarre, Yessant, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 March 10, 1,S6:}. 
 
 Nelson, David L., co. C, 7th Inf.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 Feb. 15. 1864. 
 
 Norton, James W., co. I, 12th Inf.; m. o. Feb. 15. '66. 
 
 Navarre, Gilbert, CO. B,1.5th Inf.; dis. for disab. Oct. 2;'., 
 1.S62. 
 
 Norton, Michael, co. C, 1.5th Inf. 
 
 Nangle, Casper, co. G, loth Inf. 
 
 Noble, Franklin, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Nov. 1, 1.S62. 
 
 Neplieu, Joseph, co. I, 15tli Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 vet. March :!, 1864. 
 
 Nelson, Frank, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enh'st as 
 vet. Feb. II, 1864; m. o. Aug. I.'., I8(;.5. 
 
 Nichols, William, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 as vet. Jan. 1, 1.S64. 
 
 Navarre, Alexander, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of disea.se, 
 at Andensonville, Ga. 
 
 Nadeau, Jacob, co. E, 17tli Inf.; died of disease, at 
 Andersonville, (ia. 
 
 Nagle, Casper, co. G, 17tli Inf.; died of disease, at 
 Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 7, 18G4. 
 
 Nevarre, Frank,co. E,17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Nevarre, Julius,co. 1",, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Nichols, Conant, co. II, isth Inf.; killed by explo- 
 sion of steamer Sultana, April 28, 18(i5. 
 
 Nelson, N.West, co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Newcomb, Oscar, co. U, 18th Inf.; dis. Dec. 15, 1865. 
 
 Nash, Riley C, co. A, 4th Cav.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 April 10, 1864. 
 
 NeflT, William, co. D, Oth Cav.; died of disease, at 
 Knoxville, Tenn., Oct. 15, 18t)3. 
 
 Northrup, Robert W., co. B, 47th Ohio Inf. 
 
 Oliver, John M., Monroe; 1st lieut. 4th Inf. May 6 
 1861; pro. capt. Sept. 2.5, 1861; col. 1.5th Inf Jan. 15, 
 1862; brig.gen., U. S. V., Jan. 12, 18()o; brevet 
 maj.-gen. U. S. V., March 13, 1.SG5, for faithful and 
 efficient services during the war; m.o Aug. 24, 1865. 
 
 Olney, George W., co. A, 4th Inf.; died in prison 
 at Andersonville, Ga.. June 21, 18G4. 
 
 Olsean, Martin, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. 
 
 Owen, (ieorge W., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 as vet. Dec. 20, 1.863. 
 
 Olney, George, co. A, 4th Inf.; di.s. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. ! 
 
 Osborn, George, co. K, 11th Inf.; dis. for di.sab 
 Nov. 4, 18()4. 
 
 O'Keep, John, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 vet. Jan. 1, 1864. 
 
 Ousterhout, Lewis B., co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for 
 disab. May 28, 18()2; died of di.sease at St. Louis, 
 Mo., May 30, 1862. 
 
 Ostrander, George W., co. K, 15th Inf. 
 
 Ostruni, Peter, co. K, 15th Inf.; killed at Shiloh, 
 Tenn., April 6th, 1862. 
 
 t)Ids, William 1)., co. I, 1.5th Inf.; died of disease, 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 25, 1865. 
 
 O'Barr, Lewis, co. G, 1.5th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 1.3, 1865. 
 
 Ostrum, Tobias,co. 1, 1.5th Inf.; dis. by order May 30,'65. 
 
 Owen, JameSjCO. I, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. May 20,'63. 
 
 Owen William C, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of disease, 
 at Riga, Mich., Sept. 24, 1865. 
 
 Oathout, Delos, co. B, 18th Inf.; died of disca.se in 
 rebel prison, Andersonville, Jan. 1, 1865. 
 
 Olnistead, Arden H., co. (J, 24th Inf.; dis. lor disab. 
 Jan. 18, 1863. 
 
 Ostrander, Harrison, co. B, 5th Cav. 
 
 O'Neil, Elisha, e. oo. C, .5th Cav. 
 
 O'Connor, James, co. E, 1st Cav.: dis. at exp. of 
 service, Aug. 22, 1.S64. 
 
 O'SuUivan, Timothy, co. E, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. 
 of service, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 
 Parker, Sewell S., Monroe; 2d lieut. 26tli Inf.; Sept. 
 1, 1862; pro. Isl lieut. March 13, 1.863; capt. Oct. 12, 
 18(i;;; niaj. 4lli Inf. July 2(1, 1.S64: m.o. May 26. 1866. 
 
550 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Parker, Senior S., Monroe; 2d lioiit. 4tli Inf.; July 
 
 20, 18G4; res. Jan. 31, 1865. 
 Phelps, Aufinstus H., Monroe; 1st lient. 15th Inf.; 
 
 Jan. 1, 1S('.2; n>s. June 20, 1862. 
 Paukiinf;, Cornelius, eo. .\, -Ith Inf.; dieil of disease 
 
 in hospital. 
 Parker, Senter, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as vet. 
 Paulding, Willes Gi., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Feb. 27, I8G2. 
 Paid, George D., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, June 30, 1864. 
 Parker, Sewall S., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. Sept. 11, 1862. 
 Plues, Sherman !>., c-o. A, 4th Inf.: dis. fur disab. 
 
 Nov. 15, 1862. 
 Pence, William H.,' co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 29, 1863. 
 Porceon, John, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 Parker, .Samuel S., co. H, 4th Inf. 
 Prinar, J.,co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. April 13, 1863. 
 Payne, Horton, co. F, 6th Inf.; killed at Baton 
 
 Rouge, Aug. 5, 18()2. 
 Phelps, Isaac, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Plues, Thomas S., co. D, 7th Inf.; died in retreat 
 
 from Harrison Landing June 29, 1862. 
 Putnam, Simeon S., co. D. 7th Inf.: dis. for disab. 
 
 Dec. 10, 1862. 
 Plues, Joseph E., co. D, Tth Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 Palmer, Ansel, co. I, 11th Inf.; died at Stone River, 
 
 Tenn., Jan. 2, 1863, of wounds. 
 Pegler, George,co. 1,1 1th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 22,'63. 
 Pence, Samuel D., co. K, 11th Inf. 
 Penny, William, co. C, 11th Inf.; m.o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Pilon, Charles, co. Ci, 15th Inf. 
 Pindor, Charles, co. (i, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 March 5, 1862. 
 Pool, John, CO. H, 15th Inf.; dis. to reenlist as 
 
 vet. March 25, 1864; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Pete, Seriel, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. by order May 31, '65. 
 Perry, Milon,co. H.loth Inf.; dis. for disab. June 15,'62. 
 Potter, John.co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Sept. 30,'62. 
 Purdy, Lewis, co. I, 15th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 St. Louis, Mo., June 2, 1862. 
 Perkins, James L., co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 June 12, 1862. 
 Peabody, Nathan, co. K, loth Inf.; died of disease 
 
 April 2, 1862. 
 Pemil, Andrew, co. K, 15th Inf. 
 
 Pearce, George, co. D, loth Inf.; m. o. Aug. 16, 1865. 
 Pennock, Harky, co. F, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 13, 1865. 
 Phillips, Charles E., co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. 
 
 of service, Jan. 30, 1865. 
 Pcllan, Charles, co. G, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 July 14, 1862. 
 Poupard, Anthony, co. G, loth Inf.; m.o. Aug. 13,'65. 
 Perkins, Leonard W., co. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Pete, James, CO. H, 17th Inf.; dis. by order Aug. 5, '65. 
 Pulver, Charles, co. A, 17th Inf. 
 Potter, James A., co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Aug. 12, 1865. 
 Plumb, LewiB,co. C,17thTnf.;dis. for disab. Dec. 10/63. 
 
 Plumb, David J., co. C, 17th Inf.; died of disease 
 at Louisville, Ky., April 7, 1863. 
 
 Piquette, Nazareth, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 Mich. Inf. 
 
 Parker, Samuel, co. H, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1863. 
 
 Plank, John, co. H, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Palmer, P.yron B., co. H, 18th Inf.; died in rebel 
 prison, Cahaba, Ala., Dec. 2, 1862. 
 
 Plank, Harrison D., co. H, 18th Inf.; killed by ex- 
 plosion of steamer Sultana, April 2.s, 1865. 
 
 Pnuiiard, Alexander, CO. K,lSth Inf.; m. o. June 12, '65. 
 
 Peltier, John, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Poupard, Samuel, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 12, '65. 
 
 Pomeroy, Fernando C, co. K, 18th Inf ; m. o. June 
 26, 1865. 
 
 Pierce, Melvin, co. K. 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 
 Pennock, Ira, co. K, 18th Inf.; died of <lisease at 
 Decatur, Ala., Aug. 12, 1864. 
 
 Povvlearland, Gieorge W., co. K, ISth Inf.; trans, to 
 9th Mich. Inf. 
 
 Perry, Lewis, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 186.5. 
 
 Pulars, Alexander,co. K,18th Inf.; m. o. June 11, 1865. 
 
 Parrish, Barnard, co. A, 24th Inf.;m. o. June .30, '65. 
 
 Prairie, Stephen, co. A, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, '65. 
 
 Perry, .Samuel, co. D, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 30, 1865. 
 
 Petee, Francis, co. F, 26th Inf.; m. o. June 4, 1865. 
 
 Payne, William A., co. M, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Parker, Morgan, co. F, IstEngs. and Mechanics. 
 
 Parker, Burton, co. F, 1st Engineers and Mechanics; 
 dis. for di.sab. July 7, 1862. 
 
 Parker, Morris, co. F, 1st Engineers and Mechan- 
 ics; m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Probert, William, co. L, 1st Engineers and Me- 
 chanics; m. o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Pierce, George W., co. K,ist Cav.; dis. tore-enlist 
 as vet. Dec. 20, 1863; m. o. June 6, 1865. 
 
 Putnam, Nathan, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 July 18, 1864. 
 
 Parker, Charles P., co. F, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of 
 service, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 
 Putnam, Nathan C, co. K, 1st Cav,; dis. to re-enlist 
 as vet. Dec. 20, 1864. 
 
 Palmiter, Noble B., co. M, 1st Cav.; m. o. July 17, 1865. 
 
 Perry, Joshua I., co. B, 4th Cav.; ni. o. July 17, 1865. 
 
 Plues, William, co. C, 5th Cav.; died at Anderson- 
 ville, Ga., fall of 1864. 
 
 Piatt, William, co. D, 9th Cav.; trans, to X, R. C. 
 Jan. 1.5, 1864. 
 
 Punry, James D., co. E, 9th Cav. 
 
 Patterson, Eli T., 8th (DeGolyer's) Bat. 
 
 Poll, Alexander, co. K, 102d U. S. C. T.; m. o. 
 Sept. 30, 1865. 
 
 Quirk, Michael, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Redfield, James, Monroe; e. June 20, 1861, sergt. co. 
 A, 4th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Nov. 1, 1861; 1st lieut., 
 Jan. 1, 1862; res. for disab. Sept. 13, 1862. 
 
 Reisdorf, Benjamin, Monroe; 2d lieut. 11th Inf. Aug. 
 24, 1861; pro. 1st lieut. March 12, 1862; res. Dec. 16, 
 1862. 
 
 Rudolph, Jacob, co. K, 1st Inf.; died of wounds 
 Sept. 16, 1864. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REKELLION. 
 
 .')51 
 
 Roberts, James J., Monroe; e. Dec. 20, 18GI,sergt. co. 
 
 G, loth Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. Nov. 1, 18(>4;capt., June 
 
 (i, KStio; m. o. Aug. 13, 1S(». 
 Rose, A. Morell, Monroe; 2(1 lieut. 4tli Inf. May It;, 
 
 KS61; pro. 1st lieut. Sept. 2."), ISOl; capt. Jan. 1, l.S(i2; 
 
 killeil in action, at Malvern Hill, Va., July 1, iJ^ii-'. 
 Ross, AVilliam G., Exeter; e. Aug. 24, lS(;i, serj;!, 
 
 CO. I, nth Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. July i:!, ISlU; not 
 
 mustered as an otficer; m. o. Sept. 30, 1S()4. 
 Robinson, Henry, co. A, 4tli Inf.; dis. at e.xp. of 
 
 service, June 30, 1804. 
 Root, Jason, co. A, 4tli Inf.; dis. at exp. of service. 
 
 June 30, lS<i4. 
 Roberts, John B., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-en- 
 list as vet. Dec. 2'.t, 1S03. 
 Rudolph, Jacob, co. K, 4th Inf.; di.s. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dee. 25, l.S(>3. 
 Rankin, Simon, co. K, 4th Inf. 
 Rankin, Erastus, co. E, 4th Inf. 
 Raucli, Peter, co. H, 4th Inf. 
 Regal, Isaiah, co. A, 4th Inf.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Jan. l.T, 18ii4. 
 Russell, Richard P., co. G, tith Inf.; died of disiase, 
 
 at Vicksburg, June 14, 18t)4. 
 Ransom, John B., co. D, 7th Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Caiui) Benton, Feb. 4, ]8()2. 
 Rawson, Stephen, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for clisah. 
 
 April s, l,sti3. 
 Roach, Noyce, co. 1), 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 18, 18t)3. 
 Rod, John, CO. D, 7th Inf. 
 Roscoe, Frederick, co. D, 7th Inf.; killed at Cold 
 
 Harl)or, Va., June 3, 18ii4. 
 Robert, Thomas, co. D, 7th Inf.; killed at Antie- 
 
 tam Sept. 17, 18fi2. 
 Richardson, Addison I)., co. K, 7th Inf.; killed at 
 
 Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, IStU. 
 Ross, William G., co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 18t)4. 
 Reeves, Charles L.. co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Feb. 20, 18G3. 
 Rich, Lyman, CO. I, 11th Inf.; dis. fordisab. Feb. 14,'62. 
 Rose, John, co. I, Uth Inf.; dis. at exp. of service, 
 
 Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Roberts, Hillery, co. I. 1 1th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Roberts, Anthony, co. I. 11th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1.804. 
 Regah, Ibraham, co. K, Uth Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Rapi), Daniel, CO. K,llth Inf.; died of disease Jan. 2G,'03. 
 Reynolds. Corwin, co. K, lltli Inf.; dis. fordisab. 
 
 April 0, 18()2. 
 Reed, .lohn H., co. K, 11th Inf. 
 Roberdoux, Joel, co. I), 11th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 21, 1803. 
 Rodgers, James H., co. K, Uth Inf.; dis. fordisab. 
 
 Sept. 24, 1802. 
 Robert, Joseph, co. D, Uth Inf.; ni. o. June 3, 18<w. 
 Richmond, Silas, co. F, Uth Inf.; m. o. Sept. 10, 1805. 
 Raberdeau, Joel, co. D, 12th Inf. 
 Reynolds, Henry, co. B, 1.5th Inf.; ni. o. Aug. 13, '05. 
 
 Reed, Benjamin, co. G, 15th Inf.; m.o. .-Vug. 13, 1805. 
 
 Raper, Charles J., co. A, 15th Inf. 
 
 Rapp, Christian, co B. 1.5th Inf. 
 
 Randall, Benjamin A., co. E, l.'ith Inf.; ilis. for 
 
 disab. July 1, 1.S02. 
 Roberts, James J., co. Ci, 15th Inf.; dis. to recidist 
 
 as vet. March 25, 1804. 
 Rider, Elias L., co. H, 15th Inf.; died of disease on 
 
 steamer Lancaster June 20, 1,802. 
 Rickley, Felix, co. H, l.")th Inf.; <lie(l of ilisease at 
 
 Monterey, Tenn. 
 Reinly, Anthony, co. II, 15th Inf.; killed at 
 
 Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, 1802. 
 Roscoe, Marsell, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Feb. 19, 1804; ni. o. Aug. 13, 1805. 
 Rickley, Peter, co. H, 15th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Monterey, Tenn., June 20, 18()2. 
 Roe, Julius, CO. H, 15th Inf,; dis. to re-cnlisl as 
 
 vet. Feb. 12, 1804; lu.o. Aug. 13, 1,SG5. 
 Roberts, Isadore, Co. H. 1.5th Inf ; trans, to \'. K. C. 
 
 .March 4, 1.S04. 
 Roberts, Eli J., co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, March 30, 1805. 
 Reed, John H., co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. Sept. 8, 1862; 
 
 died of disea.se at Corinth, Miss., Sept. 15, 1802. 
 Raper, Charles J., co. K, l.">th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. March 17, 1804. 
 Raftelle, Anthony, co. K, 15tli Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, March 30, 1.8(i5. 
 Reeves, Mark, co. G, 15th Inf. 
 
 Rippleman, Benjamin, co.F,15th Inf.; m.o. Aug. 13,'05. 
 Rusher, Henry, co. 11, 17th Inf.; dis. by order Sept. 26, 
 
 18(i4. 
 Raymond, Edward, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 Rowley, Le.ster, co. I, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Mempiiis, Tenn., June 17, 1.S03. 
 
 Rothenburgh, Harraan, co. I, 17th Inf.; dis. March 
 18, 1,HI15. 
 
 Rusoe, Je8se,co. 1, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. Nov. 20,'62. 
 Relien, Antione, co. G, 17th Inf.; killed at Spott- 
 
 sylvania, Va., May 12, 1,S04. 
 Reinhard, Jacob, co. B, 17tb Inf.; killed in the 
 
 Wilderness, Va., May (!, 18(i4. 
 Rabideau, Gideon, co. H, 17th Inf.; died of wound.s 
 
 May 17, 18()4. 
 Relic, Antonio, co. G, 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 10, l,t04. 
 Rowley, Homer W., co. B, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Midi. Inf. 
 Reynolds, Joseph A., co. A, 17th Inf.; dis. from V. 
 
 R. C. by order, July 21, 1805. 
 Rusher, Henry, co. B, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Roberts, Mel vin, CO. D,18tb Inf.; trans, to 9th Mich. Inf. 
 Rogers, (leorge.co. K,l8th Inf.; trans, to 9th Mich. Inf. 
 Rankin, John P., co. C, 18th Inf ; m. o. May 30, 1805. 
 Rabedue, Joseph, co. C. 18th Inf.; m.o. June 20, 1,S05. 
 Rose, Alexander, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June2t!, 1805. 
 Reeves, William C, co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Richardson, Addison. co. K,18th Inf.; m.o. June 21, '65. 
 Rose, Eiiphratus, co. K, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 24, 1865. 
 Robert, Oliver, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Rouse, Henry, co, K, I81I1 Inf.; ni. o. June 21, 1805. 
 
552 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Rankin, William J., co. E, IStli Inf.; dis. by order 
 Any'. 7, l.S()4. 
 
 Rayntir, Edward A, co. B, 24th Inf.; ni. o. from V. 
 R. C. June S, 1805. 
 
 Regal, Isaac, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Rowe, Pascall, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. at e.xp. of ser- 
 vice, Aug. 22, 1804. 
 
 Reynolds, Reuben, co. K, 1st Cav. 
 
 Kipley, Franklin, co. M, 1st Cav.; m.o. July 17, 1865. 
 
 Redwood, Roberts, co. H, 2d Cav.; trans, to V. R. 
 C. Feb. 15, 18(;,5. 
 
 Roacli, Harvev T., co. K, 3d Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 Sept. 2o, 1862. 
 
 Rawson, John L., co. A, 4th Cav. 
 
 Ronan, John, co. G, 5th Cav. 
 
 Revard, Augustine, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Raid, Francis, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Ragan, Alexander, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 
 Roberts, Alexander, co. D, 9th Cav.; died of dis- 
 ease at Camp Nelson, Ky., May 3, 1864. 
 
 Sigler, Isaac, Berlin; Aug. 30, 1862; sergt. co. D, 1st 
 Engineers and Mechanics; pro. 2d lieut. Nov. 3, 
 1864; m. o. Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Simonds, James, Raisin; 1st lieut. 6th Inf. Jan. 
 1864; not mustered. 
 
 Soleau, Adrian C, Frenchtown; 2d lieut. 11th Cav. 
 Aug. 1, 1863; pro. capt. Jan. 10, 1865; trans, to 8th 
 Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865; died at Pulaski, 
 Tenn., July 28, '865. 
 
 Soleau, James J., Frenchtown; e. Sept. 1, 1803, sergt. 
 CO. E, 11th Cav.; pro. 1st lieut. Oct. 11, 1864; trans, 
 to 8th Cav. on consolidation, July 20, 1865; m. o. 
 Sept. 22, 1865. 
 
 Soleau, Francis X., Monroe; 2d lieut. 15th Inf. 
 Jan. 1, 1862; pro. capt. Oct. 1, 1862; wounded in ac- 
 tion July 28, 1804; maj. June 7, 1864; cis. for disab. 
 as capt. Feb. 2, 1865. 
 
 Southworth, Charles T., Monroe; surg. 18th Inf. Feb. 
 
 26, 1803; res. June 11, 1864. 
 
 Spalding, James W., Monroe; e. Dec. 15. 1862, sergt. 
 maj. 18th Inf.; pro. 2d lieut. Sept. 28, 1863; capt. 
 12th Tenn. Cav. April 30, 1864. 
 
 Spalding, George, Frenchtown; e. June 20, 1861, as 
 sergt. CO. A, 4th Inf.; pro. 1st lieut. Aug. 5, 1861; 
 capt. Jan. 13, 1802; wounded in left shoulder at 
 siege of Yorktown, Va., and was again wounded at 
 Gaines' Mill, Va., July 1, 1862; lieut. col. 18th Inf. 
 July, 1862; res. Feb. 24, 1864, to accept promotion; 
 col. 12th Tenn. Cav. Feb. 24, 1864; brev. brig. gen. 
 IJ. S. Vol. March 21, 18(35, "for valuable services in 
 the battle of Nashville, Tenn., and was danger- 
 ously wounded in that battle;" dis. Oct. 24, 1805. 
 
 Spalding. Henry D., Monroe; 1st lieut. 18th Inf. July 
 
 27, 1862; res. Dec. 27, 1862. 
 
 Stevens, John J., Monroe; capt. !8th Inf. July 27, 
 
 1862; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Saunders, Charles H., Monroe; e. from Wayne co.; 2d 
 
 lieut. CO. C, 9th Cav. 1862; 2d lieut. in command co. 
 
 K, 1803; 1st lieut. co. K, 1863; capt. 1863; on Gen. 
 
 Carter's stafT division ordnance officer, 1864; 3d div. 
 
 Cav. corps, Army of the Ohio. 
 Shasberger, Charles, co. C, 3d Inf. 
 
 Strong, Addison K., Monroe; chaplain 17th Inf.; app. 
 
 Sept. 2, 1861; res. July 7, 1802. 
 Strong, George A., Monroe; capt. 15th Inf. Jan. 1, 
 
 1862; died April 10, 1862, of wounds received in 
 
 action at Shilob, Tenn., April 6, 1802. 
 Stoddard, Herbert L.,co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. Sept. 1, 1801. 
 Stoddard, Edgar C, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. Sept. 1, 1861. 
 Spath, Frederick C, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 Sept. 1, 1803. 
 Stewart, William, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Jidy, 1802. 
 Suzor, Joseph, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 Shaw. George, co. G, 4th Inf. 
 Sandbar, Jo.seph, co. H, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 25, 1864. 
 Scranto/ Alonzo, co. A, 4th Inf. 
 Sanford, Don H., co. F, 6th Inf. 
 Shirk, William, co. K, 6th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 New Orleans, Oct. 16, 1864. 
 Sevens, Lennan S., 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. i 
 
 Sailey, Augustus, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. ' 
 
 Jan. 25, 1863. 
 Salter, Solomon C, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Salter, William G., co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Sloat, James S., co. D. 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. I 
 
 14, 1862. ' 
 
 Smith, Denine, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Aug. 31, 1864. 
 Sawyer, A., co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 14, '02. 
 Shaw, Frank, co, D, 7th Inf.; died in liospital June 
 
 14, 1862. 
 Sturgis, John, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Spaulding, Phinias, co. E, 7th Inf. 
 Sherck, Thomas, co. K, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 
 
 0, 1863. 
 Struss, John, co. D, 7tli Inf.; killc.l at battle of 
 
 Malvern Hill, June 30, 1862. 
 Sisco, James F, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 18, 1863. 
 Southwick, Albert, co. D, !ith Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Bowling Green, Ky., Oct. 7, 1802. 
 Spaulding, Samuel, co. C, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 Shenavarre, Jule, co. I, lltli Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1804. 
 Spaulding, Charles H., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for 
 
 disab. Dec. 9, 1862. 
 Schock, Flavins J., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at exj). of 
 
 service, Sept. .30, 1864. 
 Schock, Aaron A., co. I, llth Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Danville, Va., January, 1864. 
 Schock, William, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1X64. 
 Scott, Abraham, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. to enlist in 
 
 regular service Nov. 28, 1862. 
 Spencer, John, co. I, llth Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn., Dec. 4, 1863. 
 Stuart, Alonzo B., co. I, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Dec. 9, 1862. 
 Smith, George W., co. I, llth Inf.; died of disease, 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 13, 1862. 
 Smith, Oliver, co. K, llth Inf.; died of disease Jan. 
 
 ,30, 1802. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 553 
 
 .Sheets, John, co. C, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. It!, l.S(>5. 
 Stacy, William J., co. H, llth Inf.; m.o. Sept. 10, lS(>r,. 
 Shat^bergher, John C, co. B, 12th Inf.; (lis. at exp. 
 
 of service, Sept. 9, 1S6.5. 
 Smith, Homer B., co. K, 12th Inf.; m. o. Sept. :{0, 1865. 
 Solon, Francis, co. C, 14th Inf.; m. o. Jnly IS, '(>5. 
 Schneider, .lacob, co. K, 1.5tli Inf.; trans, to V. K. 
 
 C. April :!(). 1854. 
 Schneider, Fritz, co. K, 1.5th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Feb. 12, 1864; ui. o. Ang. IM, lS(;.i. 
 Schneider, Addison, co. K, 1.5th Inf.; trans, to V. 
 
 H. C. April HO, 1864; dis. at exp. of service, .March 
 
 i:i, 1865. 
 Seaman, Philip, co. K, 15th Inf.; killed before At- 
 lanta, Ga., July 21, 1864. 
 Silye, Hirani,co. K, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 April 21, 1862. 
 Southwortli, Benjamin F., co. K, 15tli inf.; dis. for 
 
 disab. June 17, 1862. 
 Sunderland, James, co. K. loth Inf. 
 Sheyour, Abrani, co. k, 1.5th Inf. 
 Settlebar, John L., co. K, 15tli Inf.; dis. at ex|). of 
 
 service, March 30, 18C5. 
 Spalding, David P., co. K, lolh Inf.; dis. to re-en- 
 list as vet. Jan. 24, 1864; m. o. Aug. 13, 1805. 
 Stuart, Joseiih B., co. A, 1.5th Inf.; died of disea.«e, 
 
 at Berlin, Tenn., Aug. 9, 18(i2. 
 Slaughter, William P., co. B, 1.5th Inf. 
 Shook, Ilenrv, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. bv order May 
 
 30, 1865. 
 Statolebarger, John. CO. B, 1.5th Inf. 
 Stewart, Joseph T.. co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. by order 
 
 June 30, 1865. 
 Shenevaire, Ivlward, co. B, 15tli Inf.; dis. at exi>. of 
 
 service, April 28, 1865. 
 Saucrant, Charles, co. B, 15tli Inf.; dis. at e.vp. of 
 
 service. Dec. 24, 1864. 
 Suzor, Benjamin, co. B, 1.5th Inf.; m. o. Aug 13, 1865. 
 Shovar, Eli, co. D, loth Inf.; dis. Sept. 3, 1862. 
 Sancrant, John, co. G, 1.5th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 TuUahoma, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. 
 Schultz, Chris.,co. G,15th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb.2,'63. 
 Smith, John, co. G, 18th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist jis 
 
 vet. Jan. 24, 1864; m. o. Aug. 13, 1805. 
 Sprague, Michael N., co. H, 15th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at St. Louis, May 27, 18()2. 
 Slick, Henry M., co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 May 31, 1863. 
 Stanbury, Byron, co. H, 15th Inf.; <lis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Feb. 12, 1804; m. o. Aug. 13, 1S65. 
 Shaw Calvin M., co. II, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Dec. 15, 1863. 
 Stebens, Christopher C, co. I, 15th Inf. 
 Shenavarre, Joseph, co. I, 15th Inf. 
 S<hneider, Philip, co. K, 1.5lh Inf.; ilis. for di.sab. 
 
 Feb. 4, 1863. 
 Shovare, Eli, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Feb. 2, 1864. 
 Smith, John C, co. D, 1.5th Inf.; killeil near Ma- 
 rietta, Ga , July 9, 18IM. 
 Sbcnevere, Francis, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. by order 
 May 30, 1865. 
 
 Shenevere, Adolphus, co. B, 1.5th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 
 
 13, 18<)5. 
 Spaulding, Norton P., co. C, 15lh Inf.; dis. by or- 
 der June 7, 1865. 
 Shafer, William F., co. F, 1.5th Inf.; dis. by onler 
 
 May 30, 1865. 
 Smith, William, CO. F, 1.5th Inf.; m. o. Ang. 13, 1865. 
 S(juires, Hiram (i. D., co. F, 15th Inf.; dis. by or- 
 der, May :!0, 1865. 
 Sheldon, Ste|)hen, eo. II, 15th Inf.; in. o. Aug. 1.!, 1865. 
 Sorter, Andrew, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. bv order May 
 
 ;!0, 18(i5. 
 Sergeant, Ezekiel, co. A, 17th Inf. 
 Simmons. Allen F., co. B, 17th Inf.; died of iliseasc 
 
 at Andersonvlle, Ga. 
 Shock, Sylivester, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 while a prisoner. 
 Spaulding. Hiram, co. E, 17th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Fairfax Seminary Hospital. 
 Strutton, Thomas W., co. E, 17th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease at Andersonville, Ga. 
 Spotts. John, CO. H, 17tli Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 30, 1864. 
 Smith, William, co. H, 17th Inf.; died of ilisea-e at 
 
 Andersonville. Ga., Aug. 6, 1864. 
 .Suzor, Moses, co. H, 17th Inf.; die<l of disease at 
 
 Annapolis, Md., Feb. 9, 1865. 
 Scott, Henry >L, co. A, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf.; dis. by order June 17. 1S65. 
 Smith. Edward C, co. A, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Sancoraint, Columbus, co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Smith, Enos, co. E, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Jlich. Inf. 
 Sancoraint. Eli.co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Sprague, William. co.ti. 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d .Mich. Inf. 
 Siinmonds, Thomas, co. G, 17tli Inf.; trans, to 2d 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Spotts, Kufus, CO. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mieli. Inf. 
 Shorah, Eli, co. H, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Spaidding, George, co. B, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Dec. 13, 1864. 
 Shutleros, Eli, co. G, 17lh Inf.; died of disea,«t> at 
 
 Alexandria, Va. 
 Sorter, Richard, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 
 Segar, Garnet, co.C, 17tli Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 5, '6:;. 
 Salver, Andrew, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 Smith, Cornelius, co. I, 17lh Inf.; dis. f.ir disab. 
 
 April 28. 186,5. 
 Smith, Daniel, co. 1, 17th Inf ;dis. furdi.sab. Nov. 5, '62. 
 Slurks, Eugene, co. I, 17tli Inf. 
 Slaughter, William, co. 1. I7tli Inf.; ilis. by or.ler 
 
 May 18, 1805. 
 Sullivan, Cornelius, CO. I, 17tli Inf. 
 Scott, Cornelius, CO. A, 17tb Inf; killed at S|.ott- 
 
 sylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. 
 Sutton. John R., co. A. 17tli Inf.; died of di.seasc 
 
 at Washington. 
 S|.icer, George L., co. K, IMh Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 May 25, 1.S63. 
 Suttiii. Kubiii. CO. K, Isib Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 
 20, 1865. 
 
554 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Stoildard, Iliriim C, ro. K, IStli Inf.; ni.o. June20,'G5. 
 Smith, Francisco C. (i.. co. K, llSth Inf.; dif. for 
 
 disab. Dec. 27, 1862. 
 Shetelroe, John, co. K, isth Inf.; in. o. June S, 1S6.5. 
 Sheteh'oe, Isadore,co. K, 18th Inf.; ni. o. Jnne 8, 18G5. 
 Stump, George, co. K, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 8, 1855. 
 Smith, Jasper, co. K, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 26. 1865. 
 Snyder, James, co. H, 18th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Di catur, Ala , July 22, 1864. 
 Sutton, James A., CO. D, 18th Inf.; trans.to'.Hh Mich.Inf. 
 Shatero, Moses, co. F, 18th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Stevenson. Ala., Dec. 21, 1864. 
 Spriggs,William,co.G,18th Inf.; trans, to 0th Midi. Inf. 
 Sulier, Vincent, CO. K, ISth Inf.; trans, to 0th Mich. Inf. 
 Stoddard, George, co. K, 18tli Inf.; tians. to 9th 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Stoddard, Freeman, co. K, 18th Int.; trans, to 9tli 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Slick, Jacobs., co. B, istli Inf.; ni. o. June 17, 1865. 
 Sncll, Sylvester M., co. B, LStli Inf.; dis. for ]iro- 
 
 motion Feb. 22, 1865. 
 Shateroe, Dominick,co. F. 18tli Inf.; m. o. June 26, '65. 
 Sullier, John, co. H, ISth Inf.; m. o. June 2(), 18(i.5. 
 SuHer, Leon, co. K, 18th Inf.; ni. o. June 13, 1805. 
 Stevens, David S., 18th Inf. 
 Scranton, Ennro, co. H, 18th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 at Lexington, Ky., Dec. 22, 1862. 
 Slayton, James J., co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Squires. Asa, co. K, ISth Inf. 
 
 Snyder, David S., co. H, 18th Inf.; killed liy explo- 
 sion of steamer Sultana, April 28, 1865. 
 Smith, Henry 0., co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Sandford, Reuben, co. II, 18th Inf. 
 Shell, Henry, co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Springer, Samuel C co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Scranton, John, co. H, 18th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Sept. 2, 1862. 
 Snedicor, Witemas D., co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Salisbury, Ambrose, co. K, 18th Inf.; dis. by Older 
 
 July 10, 1864. 
 Snell, Sylvester M., co. K, IStli Inf. 
 Spalding. Julius II., co. K, Isth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 May 2, 1863. 
 Spalding, Rush R., co. K, Isth Inf.; dis. by order, 
 
 Oct. 21, 1864. 
 Spalding, Edwin, co. A, 18th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Decatur, Ala., Oct. 7, 1864. 
 Smith, Charles N., co. D, 24th Inf.; m.o. June :',0, 1865. 
 Smith, WiUiam W., co. A, 24th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Aug. 28, 1863. 
 Southworth, William, co. G, 24th Inf.; dis. for 
 
 disab. Nov. 2, 18G3. 
 Smith, Henry, CO. C, 24th Inf.; dis. fordi.«ab. June 3,'6.5. 
 Sherwood, Harlem S.,co. H,24th Inf.; m.o. June30,'()5. 
 Simmons, Lewis, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; m. o. 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 Southard, Robert M., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. at cxp. of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 Shed, Charles, co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; dis. fur 
 
 disab. Ajiril 24, 1862, 
 Spaulding, Norton P., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. for disab. May 22, 1862. 
 
 Scofield, Rufus W., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. at exp. of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 
 Smith, Bartholomew, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. for disab. Dec. 1, 1863. 
 Steel, Jacob, co. E, 1st Cav,; dis. at exp. of service, 
 
 Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Sweeney, William H., co. E, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. 
 
 of service, Aug. 22, 1864. 
 Spencer, Richard, co. K, 1st Cav.; m.o. Nov. 16, 1865. 
 Smith, William, co. M, 1st Cav.; m. o. July 27, 1865. 
 Snover, James, co. M, 1st Cav.; m. o. June 29, 1865. 
 Sweet, Earl E., co. M, 1st Cav.; m. o. May, IS65. 
 Scranton, Abraliaui, co. L, 2d Cav.; trans, to V. R. 
 
 C. Feb. 15, 1865. 
 Stewart, Henry A., co. L, 2d Cav.; m. o. Aug. 30, 1865. 
 Sprague, Wells, co. A, 4th Cav.; ni. o. July 1, 1865. 
 Stebbins, Svlvester, co. A, 4th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Jan. 28, 1863. 
 Stoddard, William, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 Snowball, Henry, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 Swan, Peno P.,co. C,5th Cav.; dis. for disab. Se])t.2,'62. 
 Sainerton, A., co. E, 9th Cav. 
 Smith, Edward P., 8th (DeGolyer's) Battery. 
 Spaulding, Charles O., Stli (DeGolyer's) Battery. 
 Shebish, George, 8th (DeGolyer's) Battery; dis. for 
 
 disab. Oct. 5, 1862. 
 Schall, Peter, co. D, 1st Sharp Shooters; m.o. June 3, '65. 
 Sofer, Joseph, co. E, 1st Regt. Engs. Mo. Vol 
 Sloan, Myron E., Willits' Sharp Shooters. 
 Taylor, Lorrison J., Monroe; capt. lltli Inf.; Mar. 
 
 1, 1865; ni. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Tracy, David B., Petersburg; chaplain 1st Engineers 
 
 and Mechanics; e. Sept. 12, 1861; res. June 22, 1863. 
 Twooniey, Michael, Monroe; 1st lieut. ami ij. m. 15tb 
 
 Inf.; e. Jan. 1, 1862; r.s. Sept. 3, 1862. 
 Teachart, Charles, co. A, 4tli Inf. 
 Taylor, A. A., co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exji. of service 
 
 iune 30, 1864. 
 Thurlack, Charles, co. A. 4th Inf.; killed at Gettys- 
 burg, Pa., July 2, 1863. 
 Turner, James A., co. A, 4th Inf.: dis, at exp. of 
 
 service, June 30, 1864. 
 Totton, Joseph, co. G, 4th Inf. 
 Taylor, Nelson, co. F, 6th Inf. 
 
 Tracy,William,co. D,7th Inf.; dis. for disab. Oct. 21, '61. 
 Thompson, Henry C, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Jan. 25, 1863. 
 Thompson, William W., co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Thompson, Henry, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 Thomas, Charles W., co. D, 7th Inf.; killed at An- 
 
 tietam, Sept. 17, 1862. 
 Teall, Noah W., co. K, 7th Inf. 
 Thirds, William, co. K, 7th Inf. 
 Thompson, Simon 0., co. I, Hth Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Taft, Thomas, CO. 1, 11th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 14,'62. 
 Teal, George, co. K, 11th Inf. 
 Teal, Stephen P., co. K, iUh Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. :!0, 1864. 
 Teal, Charles, co. K, Hth Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 18(>4. 
 Treet, Jacob, co. K, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 555 
 
 Thaypr, Samuel, co. I, 11th Inf.; kilknl at Cliitka- 
 
 iiiauj.'a, Tonn., Sept. 20, l.S(i3. 
 Tiiney. Hobort, co. B. 15th Inf. 
 Thoniey, Martin, co. B, l.Mli Inf.; killnl at Sliiloli, 
 
 Tenn., May 10, l.S(>2. 
 Tinker, J. W., co. G, l.")th Inf.; ilicil of di.setise at 
 
 i;th .liv. \u>^^., May 24, lsii2. 
 Titohworlli, Ale.vanili'r, co. I, l.^th Inf.; cis. for. 
 
 (lisab. June 12, 1SG2. 
 Taft, Thomas, co. I, l.'itli Inf.; ilis. at e.xp. of ser- 
 vice -March 25. 18C5. 
 Teiinant. Nathan, co.K, 15th Inf.; ilis. April 8, 18(12. 
 Thompson, Tlioma.s, co. K, 15th Inf.; m. o. Aug. 1(;,'(15. 
 Teal, Michael A.,co.F,15th Inf.; tlis.hyorderM.ty :!0,'(1.5. 
 Tedwell, Kran.is M.. co. G, llith Inf.; m. o. .Inly 8, '(1.5. 
 Tahor, William, co. C, ITtli Inf. 
 Thompson, Edmund L., co. C, ITtli Inf.; dis. for 
 
 disab. March !i. ISd,'?. 
 Theviny, Frank, co. D. 17th Inf.; dis. Oct. 28, 18(12. 
 Tolo. Thomas, co. G. 17th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., .Inly 111, IStio. 
 Trombly, John, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 Taylor, John, co. H, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3. 18(15. 
 Tibballs James, co. H, IStli Inf ; dis. lor disab. 
 
 June 3, 1803. 
 Troop. Orange, co. K, 1,'^tli Inf.; m. o. June 2(1. 18(1.5. 
 Teall, Timothy I., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 20, 18(15. 
 Teall, William, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 2(i, 18G5. 
 Teall, James, co. K, KSth Inf.; ra. o. June 15, 18()5. 
 Teall, Lemuel, 18th Inf.; ni. o. June 2(3, 18(J5. 
 Trombly, Eli co. K, 18th Inf.; dis. for disab. June9,'(13. 
 Taylor, Lucius, co. K. 18th Inf.; dii-d of disease at 
 
 Decatur, Ala., Aug. 9, 1804. 
 Tucker, Alfred W., co. A, isih Inf.: trans, to 9th 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Thomason, Israel, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 10, 18(15. 
 Thomp.son, Jacob, co. V, 24lli Inf.; m. o. June 30. 18(15. 
 Thayer, Benjamin II., co. F, 1st Engineers and 
 
 Mechanics; dis. at cxp. of service, Oct. 31, 18(J4. 
 Townsend, Chester, co. K, 1st Cav. 
 Townsend, Mezckiah, co. K, 1st Cav. 
 Temperance, H., co. D. 9th Cav.; die<l of di.scase 
 
 Oct. 4, 18(14. 
 Turner, James, co. I), 9lh Cav.; trans, to V. K. C. 
 
 Jan. 15, 18(14. 
 Tyler, Kind)all, co. E. 9th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 Toliin, David, 8th (DeGolyer'.s) BaL; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. March 10, 18(14. 
 Taylor, Frank, co. D, 102d U.S.C.T.; m. o. Sept. 30, '(15. 
 Twist, Oliver, co. G, 102d U.S.C. T.; m. o. Sept. .30, '(15. 
 I'kle, Frederick, co. D, 7th Inf.; died of disease at 
 
 Camp Denton, Md., April, ls(i2. 
 Upsell, Moses, co. K, 11th Inf. 
 Unar, Alexaruler, co. K, llth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Jan. 22, 18(13. 
 Underbill, Joseph, co. G, 12 Inf.; m.o. Feb. 15, 1800. 
 Ublackcr, Michael, co. B, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Jan. 1, 18(>4; m. o. Aug. 13, 1,8(1.5. 
 I'ckell, Martin, CO. K, 18th Inf. 
 Villette. Charles, co. A, 4th Inf.; .lis. for .lisab. 
 
 March 21, 1.8(i:i. 
 Vandewcnter, William, co. D, 7tli Inf. 
 
 Verdeu, George F, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. for .lisab. 
 
 March 19, 1802. 
 Van Wormer, Oscar, co. 0, 7th Inf.; mi.ssing in 
 
 action at Ream's Station, Va., .Vug. 25, 1804. 
 Valade, Peter, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist Vs 
 
 vet. Dec. 18, 1803. 
 Valade, William, co. D, 7th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 20, 1803; killed at Wil.lernc.s.s, Va., .May 
 
 0, 1804. 
 
 Vanncss, Sybrant, co. I), 7th Inf.; ilis. for .lisab. 
 
 Dec. 7, 1802. 
 Van Schoick, Abram, co. 1, llth Inf. 
 Van Miller, Leeman, co. K, lltli Inf.; .lii.l of .lis- 
 
 ease Feb. 15, 1802. 
 Van Liew, Henry J., co. K, llth Inf.; .lie.l of ilis- 
 
 ease June 14, 1802. 
 Vidder, Charles, co. B, 15th Inf. 
 Vann.icker, Sylvester, co. H, l-'itb Inf.; m. o. .Vug. 
 
 13, 1805. 
 Vandete, James, co. D, 17th Inf. 
 Vanest, James, co. I, 17th Inf.; .lis. for .lisab. Fib. 
 
 1, 180.5. 
 
 Vessance, Hugh, co. G, 17th Inf.; di.il at .'^pott- 
 
 sylvania of wounds. May, 1804. 
 Vincent, .lohn, co. G, 17th Inf.; kille.! at Cil.l 
 
 Harbor, Va., June 13, 1804. 
 Ve.lder, Alvah, co. H, ISth Inf.; die.l of .lisease at 
 
 Lexington, Ky., Jan. 13, 1803. 
 VanxVntwerp, C. W., co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 
 
 20, 1805. 
 Vickery, Gilbert, co. K, 18tb Inf.; m.o. .lune 20, 1805. 
 Van Gieson, Richard, co. K, 18th Inf.; m.o. June 
 
 20, 1805. 
 Van N'ess, Filming, co. 11, 1.8ih Inf.; trans, to 9lh 
 
 Mich. Inf. 
 Vreland, Wilcr, co. 11, 18th Inf.; in o. June 20, 1S05. 
 Van Schoick. Franklin, co. F, 24tli Inf.; m. o. .Iiinc 
 
 30, 1805. 
 Vcaley, I'hilip F., co. F, 2Gtb Inf.; .li.s. f..r disab. 
 
 Dec. 24, 1804. 
 Victs, George W., co. F, l.st Engs. ami M. chs.; .lis. 
 
 at exp. of service, Oct. 31, 1.H04. 
 Vanzandt. Tunis, co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; .lis. 
 
 for disab. May 0, 1802. 
 Vietts, Harrison, co. L. 1st Engs. and Mechs.; m.o. 
 
 at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1.S0.5. 
 Vanortwick, Cyrus, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. by order July 12, 1805. 
 Vincent, N. l'.,co. D,9th Cav.; died of disease Sept. ,'04. 
 Vennelte, John, co. E, 9th Cav. 
 Webb, RoUin S., Monroe; e. Aug. 21. 1802. as sergt. 
 
 CO. C, 5th Cav.; pro. 2d lieut. April 14. l.S(15; m. o. 
 
 June 22. 1805. 
 Whipple, John C, Monroe; l.st lieut. l-sth Inf.; e. 
 
 Aug. 13, 1802; pro. adjt. Oct. 0. 1802: .apt. A|)ril 17, 
 
 1801; ni. o. June 20, 1805. 
 Winans, Frazey M., Monroe; lieut. col. 7th Inf.; e. 
 
 June 19, 1801; res. May 21, l.stl2. 
 Wells, Charles, co. A, 4tli Inf.; .lii-.I at New V..rk 
 
 of wounds, .Vug. 27, 1.S02. 
 Watkins. William H., co. A. 4lh Inf. ; killi.l at 
 
 Fre.lericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1802. 
 
55fi 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 White, John, i-o. A, 4th Inf.: m. o. Aug. 10, 1802. 
 Watson. Clark, I'o. A, 4tli Inf.; killed at Malvern 
 
 Hill, Va., July 1. 18(12. 
 Walters, John, co. A, 4tli Inf.; killed at Malvern 
 
 •Hill, Va., July 1, 1SG2. 
 Wagner, Levi, eo. A, 4th Inf.; dis. for disab. Oct. 22,'()1. 
 Woodward, Edwin, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 Jan. 20, 18(14. 
 Whipple, Georfie G., co. 4th Inf.; di.s. at exp. of 
 
 service, June 30, 1SG4. 
 Whipple, George M., co. A, 4th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease at Alexandria, June 27, 18(1:5. 
 Webster, Lorain, co. G, 4th Inf.; killed at Si)ott- 
 
 sylvauia, Va., May 11. 18(14. 
 Webster, Edwin, co. (t, 4th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist as 
 
 vet. Dec. 29, 1803. 
 Watson, William C, co. A, 4th Inf.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, June .30, 1864. 
 Waters. William, co. D, 7th Inf. 
 AVidman, William, co. D,7th Inf. 
 Wourrell, John P., co. D, 7th Inf.; killed at battle 
 
 of Malvern Hill, Va., June 30, 1862. 
 Weatherby, George, co. K, 7th Inf.; killeil near 
 
 Petersburg, Va.. Oct. 13, 1864. 
 Wagner, George A.,co. D, 11th Int.; m. o. Sept. 16,'65. 
 Wagner, John, co D, 11th Inf.; m. o. Sept. 16, 1865. 
 Wait. James W., co. I, 11th Inf.; killed at Stone 
 
 River, Dec. 31, 1862. 
 White, Levi, co. I, 11th Inf.; dis. for dLsab. Dec. 13,'(12. 
 Wilson, William W., co. I, 11th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 in mil'y prison, Andersonville, Ga., June 17, 1864. 
 Winters, Lewis, co. I, llth Inf.; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Waters, Henry, co. I, llth Inf ; dis. at exp. of ser- 
 vice, Sept. 30, 1864. 
 Whipple, Ezra S., co. I, llth Inf.; trans, to V. R. C. 
 
 Jan. 1.5, 1864. 
 Werman, Hanibal A., co. I, llth Inf.; m.o. Sept.l9,'(35. 
 Wade, Nathan, CO. B,1.5th Inf.; dis. for disab. Aug. 25, '62. 
 Wagner, Christopher, co. B, 1.5th Inf.; dis. for 
 
 disab. June 15, 1862. 
 Wagner, Charles, co. B, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 Oct. 5, 18(32. 
 Wagner, Charles, co. G, loth Inf. 
 Whither, Charles, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Aug. 25, 18(35. 
 Woodberry, Eli, co. H, 15th Inf.; dis. at exii. of 
 
 service, April 7, 1865. 
 Woodberry, David, co. H, 1.5th Inf.; dis. for di.sab. 
 
 Oct. 13, 18(32. 
 Wells, Ray, CO. 11,1 5th Inf ; died of disease April 26,"62. 
 Wyraan, Robert, co. I, 1.5th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Feb. 14, 18G4. 
 Welch, Joseph, co. I, 15tli Inf. 
 Warner, Edward, co. K, 15th Inf.; died of disease 
 
 May 4, 1862. 
 Wrigiit, Terrall, co. K, 1.5th Inf. 
 Willard, Justin, co. K, 15th Inf.; dis. for dis.ib. July 
 
 11, 1862. 
 Wriubt, Elias, co. I, 15th Inf.; dis. to re-enlist Feb. 
 
 14'; 1864. 
 Wing. Elijah, co. G, 17th Inf.; trans, to 2d Mich. Inf. 
 
 Wraight, Daniel, co. I, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. 
 
 Sept. 26, 1862. 
 Weeman, George, co. C, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 Walter, Joseph, co. C, 17th Inf. 
 
 Wilson, Henry T.. co. C, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 AVelle, John, co. C, 17th Inf.; m. o. June 3, 1865. 
 Wallis. Joseph, co. C, 17th Inf.; dis. for disab. Feb. 
 
 21, 1863. 
 Wing, Albert, co. G, 17th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 17, 1864. 
 Whitney, Dewitt C, co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Wadsworth, Elihu, co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Warner, Daniel, co. II, 18th Inf. 
 Woodward, William, co. H, 18th Inf. 
 Vv'alter, Israel, co. K,18th Inf.; dis. for disab. Jan. 2,'63. 
 Wagner, Levi, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Wood, Simon M., co. B, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, 1865. 
 Wright, Nelson D., co. K, 18tb Inf.; kille<l at De- 
 catur, Ala., June 24, 1864. 
 Walker, Joseph, co. K, 18th Inf. 
 Walker, Adam, co. K, 18th Inf. 
 
 Wickart, Abram B., co. K, 18th Inf.; m.o. Aug. 9, 1865. 
 Woodward, Robert, co. K, 18th Inf.; m. o. June 26, '65. 
 Woods, David, co. D, 18th Inf.; died of disease, at 
 
 Stevenson, Ala., Dec. 16, 1864. 
 Wheeler, Curtis J., co. H, 18th Inf.; died of dis- 
 ease, at Dundee, Mich., Oct. 26, 1865. 
 Woodbury, Lyman, eo. K, 18tli Inf.; ni. o. June 28, '65. 
 White, Luther, co. K, 24th Inf.; m. o. June 28, 1865. 
 Ward, Jared, co. F, 26th Inf.; m. o. June 4, 1865. 
 White, Major L , co. L, Ist Engs. and Mecbs.; m. 
 
 o. at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 Walker, Archibald, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; m. o. at 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 22, 1865. 
 Walker, William W., co. B, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; 
 
 dis. Dec. 16, 1862. 
 Wilson, Ira M., co. F, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; died 
 
 of disease, April 5, 1862. 
 Wilson, William, co. L, 1st Engs. and Mechs.; dis. 
 
 by order July 3, 1865. 
 Walsh, Julius M., co. M, 1st Cav.; m. o. July 17, 1805. 
 Webb, James E., co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 16, 1864. 
 Wheaton, John N., co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. at exp. of 
 
 service, Sept. 10, 1804. 
 Wait, Charles, co. K, 1st Cav. 
 Wilcox, Gef)rge, co. K, 1st Cav.; dis. to re-enlist 
 
 as vet. Dec. 20, 18(33. 
 Whaley, William, co. B, 1st Cav.; m. o. Aug. 3, 1805. 
 Webber, Jacob S., co. M, 1st Cav.; m.o. June 20, 1865. 
 Wells, William H., co. M, 1st Cav.; m. o. June 12, 1865. 
 Weils, Alvin E., co. M, 1st Cav.; ra. o. June 12, 1865. 
 Winters, Myron L., co. A, 4th Cav.; dis. for disab. 
 
 May 20, 1864. 
 Warner, Marshall, co. B, 5th Cav. 
 Webb, Egbert, co. C, 5th Cav. 
 Webb, Rollin S., co. C, 5th Cav. 
 White, Wilson, co. B. 9th Cav.; dis. for disab. June 
 
 26, 1863. 
 Williams, John, co. A, 102<1 U.S.C.T.; m.o. Sept. 30, '65. 
 Wallace, Zachariah, co. H, 102d U. S. C. T.; m. o. 
 
 Sept. 30, 1805. 
 
THE WAR OF THIi REIiELLION. 
 
 r)57 
 
 Wickh.ini, W. H.. co. D, 9th Cav.; tlis. for disal). 
 Yesant, Courrnaia, co. G, loth Inf.; killed at Shi- 
 
 loh, Tenn., April 9, l.S()2. 
 Viirk, John, co. B, loth Inf.; dis. for disab. July 
 
 27, 'fi2. 
 Venoir, Nicholas, co. G, 17th Inf.; diecl di disease 
 
 at Charleston. S. C., Aug. 1,S(;-1. 
 Young. Spencer, co. K. ISth Inf.; in. o. June 21, lS(i.i. 
 Zacharias, Allen H., Monroe. 1st lieut. 7tli Inf.; 
 
 June 19, l,><(il; pro. capt. March 10, l,S(i2; died Jan. 
 
 1. ISiiH. of wounds received in action at Antietatu, 
 
 Md., .«:ept. 17, 1S()2. 
 Zacharias, Alexander, co. K, 7tli Inf. 
 Zininiernian, Joseph, co. K, l-5th Inf.; dis. March 
 
 2(1, '0:5. 
 Ziunnerman. Baptiste, co. G, 15th Inf.; dic<l of dis- 
 ease April 22, lcS(>2. 
 
 KXLl.'i^TMKNTS IX MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 Aggregate number in detail of the credit 
 allowed to Moiifoe coiiiily during the opera- 
 tion of the enrollment system, together with 
 the number of men enlisting previously to the 
 adoption of that system and reported to the 
 Adjutant General's office as residents of Monroe 
 county, and the total approximately of the 
 number of troops furnished by Monroe county 
 t'roMi till' beginning to the close of the war: 
 
 Knlisted in army under enrollmentsysteni G91 
 
 Veterans re-enlisted in the field 115 
 
 Knlisted in navy 1 
 
 Drafted men commuting 37 
 
 Product of draft in men 235 
 
 Term of service credited 1 year 344 
 
 Term of service credited 2 years 2 
 
 Term of service credited 3 years 733 
 
 Total credited in numbers under enroll- 
 ment system 1,079 
 
 Eidistment previous to .Sejjtenibcr li>, 
 
 18G3 1,191 
 
 .\ppro.xiniiitc totals liuring the war 2.270 
 
 Table showing the number of men raised by 
 enlistment and draft in the towns of Monroe 
 county and wards lA' .Monroe City between 
 November 1, 1864, and the suspension of re- 
 cruiting, April 14, 1SG5, together with the 
 number previously raised therein under tho 
 enrollment system, and the total number 
 credited to each sub-district during tho period 
 in which that system was in operation, fi-om 
 September 19, 1SG3, to the close of the war; 
 
 SUB DISTRICTS 
 
 S 
 
 S 
 
 h 
 
 r 
 
 Tkbm op 
 
 Sebvice 
 
 Credited. 
 
 i! 
 
 1 
 
 
 il 
 
 
 i 1 
 
 If 
 ■>;■" 
 
 .\sh . .. 
 
 1? 
 
 
 14 5 19 
 
 102 
 
 121 
 
 Kxeter 
 
 f, 
 
 1 
 
 
 7 
 
 29 
 
 3(; 
 
 
 \ 
 
 2 
 
 1 3 
 
 4 
 
 29 
 37 
 
 33 
 
 Milan 
 
 1 1 
 
 38 
 
 Dundee 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 10 1 11 
 
 (io 
 
 76 
 
 Kaisinville 
 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 13 Hi 
 
 29 
 
 62 
 
 91 
 
 Frenchtown 
 
 <) 
 
 / 
 
 11, 5 
 
 16 
 
 73 
 
 89 
 
 Monroe— 1st ward 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 15 7 
 
 22 
 
 75 
 
 97 
 
 " —2d ward 
 
 20 
 
 
 16 4 
 
 20 
 
 50 
 
 70 
 
 " —3d ward 
 
 2 
 
 
 2.... 
 
 2 
 
 IS 
 
 20 
 
 Monroe town 
 
 1 
 
 
 1>.... 
 
 1 
 
 ,<52 
 
 33 
 
 La Salle . 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 4! 7 
 9 1 
 
 11 
 10 
 
 43 
 .30 
 
 54 
 
 Ida 
 
 40 
 
 Summerfield 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 19 1 
 
 20 
 
 42 
 
 (i2 
 
 Whiteford 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 50 
 
 66 
 
 Bedford 
 
 IS 
 
 
 6l 12 
 
 IS 
 
 52 
 
 70 
 
 Erie 
 
 25 
 154 
 
 78 
 
 14| 11 
 
 158j 74 
 
 25 
 232 
 
 5S 
 
 83 
 
 Totals 
 
 847 
 
 1079 
 
 FEDERAL SOLDIERS NOW RE.SIDENTS OF 
 MONROE COLNTY'. 
 
 .Vlphabetical list of names of Federal sol- 
 diers of the War of tho Rebellion residing in 
 tiie county of Monroe in April, 1888, giving 
 rank last held, comjiany or battery, regiment 
 or ship, and residence — as shown by tho re- 
 turns of the supervisors of the several towns, 
 and wards of city of Monroe, made in pursu- 
 ance of Act 282 of the Session Laws of 1887, 
 of the State of Michigan. According to the 
 returns there were seven hundred and cight}-- 
 two (782) soldiers residing in Monroe county 
 in April, 1888. Where the rank is not given, 
 the returns show that the veteran was a 
 private : 
 
 .Vlhright, Marvin, co. E, 5tli Mich. Art., Monroe City. 
 Avery, Amos, Ist lieut., co. E, lUh Midi. Cav., 
 
 Monroe City. 
 Andercgg, John, co. D, 11th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Arpontenier, Thomas, co. B, l-'ith Mich. Inf., Monroe 
 
 City. 
 Arpontenier, Louis, co. I>, 9tli .Mich. Cav., .Monroe 
 
 City. 
 Albright, Charles, co. D. 7tli Mich. Inf., I. la. 
 Anspach, Martin, sergt., co. D, 62d Ohio Inf., Ida. 
 Algeruiissen, Christian, co. G, oth 111. Cav., Ida. 
 Anteau, Joseph, co. D, 9th Mich. Cav., Frenciitown. 
 Arnold, Thomas, co. G, 7th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Austin, Nathan, co. I, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 
 .Milan. 
 .\u8tin, Samuel C, co. D, 1st .Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
558 
 
 HISTORY OF MONKOE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Austin, Alunzo A., co. B, 6tli Mich. H. Art, Milan. 
 Allen, .JeroMK', corji., co. G, 1st. Mich. Cav., Mihin. 
 Allen, Carlos, co. G, 18th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Auten, T. J,, co. F, 2t5th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Auten, Norman, co. G, 23cl Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Austin, Jonas, co. I, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 
 Milan. 
 Austin, George, co. I, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 
 Milan. 
 Albig, John, co. — , 103d Pa. Inf., Raisinville. 
 Aselstine, Darius, co. G, loth Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Armstrong, Eugene, Corp., co. B, 5th Mich. Cav., Ash. 
 Austin, Enos, co. C, 1st Mich. Sharp Shooters, 
 
 Dundee. 
 Austin, Henry R., capt., 102d U. S. C. T., Monroe City. 
 Aldridge. Elmer, co. D, 23d 111. Inf., Bedford. 
 Beitel, Andrew J., co. F, 8th Ohio Inf., Monroe City. 
 Brumely, Aaron, co. 0, 102d U. S. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Bicking, Jolm, co. D, 11th Mich Inf., Monroe City. 
 Bovvlsby, George W., capt., co. K, 15th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Monroe City. 
 Beck, John F., co. F, 4th Mich. Cav., Monroe City. 
 Brown, William C, 1st lieut., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Monroe City. 
 Beisel, William H., 1st lieut., co. K, ISth Mich Inf., 
 
 Monroe City. 
 Benderitter, F., corp., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., Jlonroe 
 
 City. 
 Brand, Frank, co. H, 14th Ohio Inf., Ida. 
 Berg, Charles, co. C, 16th Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 Bates, Alfred G., co. A, 3d Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 Bralim, Jacob, co. G, 1.5th Mich. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 Benton, Nathaniel, co. E, Gth Mich. H. Art., Bedford. 
 Bristol, Edwin, 3d sergt., co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Bedford. 
 Boise, Henry, co. G, 145th (N. G.) Ohio Vol. Inf., 
 
 Bedford. 
 Bookey, Clevis, co. B, 67th Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 Barriuger, Michael, co. F, 61st N. Y. Inf., Bedford. 
 Binnie, Archibald, 2d sergt., co. D, 52d N. Y'. Inf., 
 
 Bedford. 
 Burbric, John, co. D, 147th N. Y. Inf., Bedford. 
 Blair, Joseph, corp., co. B, 15th Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 Butler, John A., co. M, Sth Mich. Cav., Bedford. 
 Bragg, Myron, co. K, 11th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Brightbili, William H., co. E, 6th Mich. Art., LaSalle. 
 Bodine, Charles, co. A, 28th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Ballen, Frederick, co. B, 47th Ohio Inf., Exeter. 
 Batway, Peter, co. G. 24th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Bransheau, Peter, sergt., co. E, 11th Mich. Cav., 
 
 E.teter. 
 Benard, Frederick, co. B, 17th Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 Brenningstall, Horace J., corp., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf , 
 
 Summerfield. 
 Brenningi5tall, Therber, co. H, 1.5th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Summerfield. 
 Brenningstall, Abram, sergt., co. H, 1st Mechs. and 
 
 Engs., Summerfield. 
 Brockway, Martin, co. B, 4th Mich. Inf., Summerfield. 
 Bolster, Justas A., co. K, 2d Ohio Inf., Summerfield. 
 Burton, Mortimer H., co. B, 6th Mich. H. Art., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 Bennett, George, co. F, 43d Ohio Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Brenningstall, M., co. H, 15th Mich. Inf., Summer- 
 field. 
 
 Barth, John, co. G, 140th N. Y. Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Brackett, William, co. C, 10th Vt. Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Butts, Deveer, co. G, 12th Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Blackmail, James A., co. C, 7th R. I. Inf., London. 
 
 Barnes, Linn, co. I, 11th Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Beaverly, John, co. D., 7th Mich. Cav., London. 
 
 Bates, Franklin, co. A, 5tfi Mich. Inf., London 
 
 Beaverly, Lewis G., co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Bruckner, John, co. C, ISth Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Baley, Edward, co. D, 20th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Brinningstool, Abraham, co. D, Sth Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Bliss, Joseph, co. A, 1st Mich. Sharpshooters, Milan. 
 
 Becker, Andrew, corp., co. F, 26th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Baird. Nelson D., co. E, 1st Bat. Mich. L. Art., Milan. 
 
 Brown, William, co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Black, William, sergt., co. F, SUth Oiiio Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Brancheau, Henry, co. E, 17th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Buhl, George, jr., co. E, 50th Mo. Cav., Berlin. 
 
 Bachman, Reuben, co. A, 9th N. Y. Art., Berlin. 
 
 Bulger, Benjamin, co. M, 3d Ohio Cav., Berlin. 
 
 Bodenmiller, Joseph, co. E, lUtli Ohio Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Bulley, Julius, co. G. 15th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Barron, Joseph, co. A, 'Ah Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Bammell, Frederick, co. F, 130th Ohio Inf., While- 
 ford. 
 
 Beck, Samuel, co. B, 130th Ohio Inf.. Whiteford. 
 
 Burnhara, Franklin, co. B,67th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Byre, Jacob M.,co. G, 82d Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Bemis, Charles S., co. H, 3d Ohio Cav., Whiteford. 
 
 Block, Henry, co. B, Sth Mich Cav., Whiteford. 
 
 Barker, Irwin E., co. D, 55th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Bordeaux, Asa, co. F, 14th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Bell, Clarence, sergt , steward in charge Gunboat 
 Cricket, Miss. Sq., Whiteford. 
 
 Bridling, Peter, corp., co. I, 14th Ohio Inf., White- 
 ford. 
 
 Barron, Ezekiel, co. A, ISth Mich. Inf., transferred 
 to !ith Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Boneau, Abraham, co. H, 17th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Belair, Isadore, co. G, 17tli Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Burdeanx, Alexander, co. I, Uth Mich. Inf., Raisin- 
 ville. 
 
 Bond, Lewis \V., sergt., co. K, ISth Mich. Inf., 
 Raisinville. 
 
 Brown, Jonathan, co. A, 14th Mich. Inf., Monroe 
 Town. 
 
 Bale, John M., musician, co. C, 24th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Barnum, Warren W., co. A, 44th Ohio Inf., Ash. 
 
 Baker, Harrison, co. A, 24th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Baker, Marquis L., co. E, 6th Mich. H. Art., Ash. . 
 
 Baker, John F., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Baker, Solomon, co. B, lllh Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Branshaw, Joseph, co, I, 11th Mich. Inf.. Ash. 
 
 Brandes, Gustavus, co. C, 13th U. S. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Boardman, Ira D.,co. M,8th Mich. Cav., Summerfield. 
 
 Brooks, Charles, co. H, 15th Mich. Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Barr, William T., corp., co. B, 111th Ohio Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Bozoman, Levi T., co. B, 42d Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Babcock, Peter H., co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REIIELLION. 
 
 r)5!» 
 
 Bycr, Christian, co. E, 128th Ohio Inf., nnnik-e. 
 Ball, Henry, curp , co. F, L'lith Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Brcnningstall, Charles G., co. F, ISth Midi. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Hassett, Henry, co. I, 17th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Baker, George R. L., capt., co. K, 15th Midi. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Brewer, Philarnion, co. F, 26th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Bunkehnan, Charles, co. B, 0th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Bragir, Kzra F., co. G, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Brcnningstall, Alirahani, co. B, .5th Mich. Cav., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Caux. Frank, co. M, 3d Ind. Cav., Monroe City. 
 Clark, Burr, co. C, 17th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Cooley, Moses, co. G, 17th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Curtis, S. W.. raaj. 7th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Cornell, Charles, bat. K, 1st O. L. A., Ida. 
 Coleman, Isaac, co. G, iHli Mich. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 Charter, Jackson, co. D, 4th Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 Crum. Wilson, CO. G, 72d Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 Cone, Abijah, co. M, 8th Mich. Cav., Bedford. 
 Clary, Charles L.,corp. co. M,Sth Mich. Cav.,Bc Iford. 
 Cowell, Wm., co. H, 11th Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Chapin, Alexander, co. A, 192d Ohio Inf., La .Salle. 
 Couture, Moses, co. — , 1st Mich. Cav.. La Salle. 
 Coif, James, co. C, 17th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Cronawait, Daniel, co. D, 11th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Conlisk, Michael, corp. co. F, 19th U. S Inf., Exeter. 
 Cook. Frederick, 1st sergl. co. B, 2d Mich. Inf., Sum- 
 
 merlield. 
 Christ, Adam H., co. H, l-)th Mich. Inf., Summer- 
 field. 
 Careck, William, ssrgt. co. K, 1.5th Mich. Inf., .Sum- 
 
 mertield. 
 Critcliett, James C, co. II, 18th Mich. Inf., London. 
 Cavanaugli,.fohn, corj). co. D,7th Mich. Inf., London. 
 Collins, William, co. A, Oth Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Caswell, Thonia.«, co. K, iHh Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 Caswell, Benjamin, co. C, 1st Mich. .Sharp .Shooters. 
 
 Milan. 
 Case, Daniel, corp co. I, 11th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Critchett, George W., sergt. co. II. 18th .Alich. Inf., 
 
 Milan. 
 Creeilon, Timothy, .sergt. co. G, loth Mich. Inf., 
 
 Berlin. 
 Crook, Edwin M., sergt. co. B, 1st Mo. Inf., Berlin. 
 Charter, Warren C, co. A. 4th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 Cummins, Morris, co. K, 24th Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 Carpenter, N. H., co. K, ISth Mich. Inf.. Whiteford. 
 Crage, Charles, co. E, 0th II. S. Cav., Whiteford. 
 Clark, Elmer, sergt. co. D,27tliMich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 Curson, George, 2d lieut. co. I, K'.Oth Ohio Inf., Erie. 
 Cousino, Alexander, co. B, I.ith Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 Caiichie, William, co. A, 4lh Mich. Inf., Haisinville. 
 Cauchie, James, co. I, 11th Midi. Inf., Haisinville. 
 CuUey, James, co. A, 13th U. S. Inf., Monroe Town. 
 Clark, Wat.son J., corp. co. D, 4tli ilidi. Inf., .Ash. 
 Closser, Frederick, co. I), 11th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Clark, Chester, co. C, -ith U. «. Inf., Ash. 
 ( rane, Joseph B., co. 1, lltli Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Cutcher, Peter, co. H, 111th Ohio Inf., Ash. 
 Chapman, William, co. A, Uth Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Chapman, Ward, 7th bat. 2:'.d N Y. A., Dundee. 
 Cha.se, James L., co. A,4tli Mich. Inf., Iiundee. 
 Collins, Jedediah, co. F, 97th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Carey, Henry W.,corp. co. G, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Clark, Peter, corp. co. K, Ist Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Casey, Chester, co. C, 20tli .Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Curtis, Nelson D., 1st lieut. co. I, 17th .Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Ca.ssady, James H., sergt. co. D, (1th .Mich. II. A., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Crane. Henry P., co. E, ISth Midi. Inf., Dundee. 
 Cornwell, Edward H., .sergt. co. F, 1st Mich. Eiigs. 
 
 anil Medis., Dundee. 
 Collins, John B., co. K, 197lh Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Cassady, Albert M., co A, 1.52d Ind. Inf., Dundee. 
 Carney, Nelson J., 1st duly sergt. co. D, 9tli Mich. 
 
 Cav., Dundee. 
 Cosey, Grover, co. E, 8th Midi. Inf., Dundee. 
 Charland, Peter, co. B, 15th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Cronn, Solomon S., co. D, l.st Wis. H. Art., Dundee. 
 Chapman, Reuben E., co, E, 130th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Carrick, Chas. W., capt. co. G, 1st Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 DeLong, George B., sergt. co. C, 17th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Monroe City. 
 Duval, Joseph, co. C, i'th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Durocher, St. Clair, co. K, l()7th Ohio Inf., Monroe 
 
 City. 
 Duval, James, co. D, Uth Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Darrow, Lorenzo D., co. G, Otii Ohio Cav., Ida. 
 Darrow, Milton, co. G, 6th Oliio Cav., Ida. 
 Deighen, Edward, bat. C, 1st X. Y. Art., Ida. 
 Davis, Nelson, co. H, V2th Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 Duval, Alexander, co. D, !)tli Mich. Cav.. Ida. 
 Durocher, Isadore, co. D, 11th Mich. Iiif.,Frenchtown. 
 Duseau, David, co. H, 7th Mich. Inf., Bodfor.l. 
 Deshetler. Raiiiond, co. B, ISiHIi Ohio Inf.. B-ilford. 
 Deshetler, Joseph, co. II, Uth Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 Densmore, Jacob E., co. D, Oiith Ills. Inf., Dundee. 
 Drouillard, Leander, co. K, 1st Mich. Cav., La Salle. 
 Dunn, Nicholas, co. D, 16Gth Ohio Art., La Salle. 
 Dernier, Charles, corp. co. E, 1st Ohio L. .Vrt., .Sum- 
 
 merfield. 
 Devee, .lacob, co. I, Uth Mich. Inf., London. 
 Daniels, Chester D., co. H. 18th Midi. Inf., London. 
 Draper, Alonzo, co. G, 6th Mich. H. .Vrt., London. 
 Davis, Charles, co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Draper, Walter, co. F, 0th Mich. II. Art., Milan. 
 Deney, Elbert, co. I, 55th Ohio Inf.. Milan. 
 Daniels, Ezra, co. B, 8th .Mich. Cav., Wliitoford. 
 Dolby, Davi<l, co. C, 3d Ohio Cav., Wliiteford. 
 Drouillard, Dominic, co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 Drewior, Noah, co. B, 14tli O. B. I., Erie. 
 Darr, Charles, co. F, 16th Ind. Inf., Erie. 
 Dovie, John, 1st lieut. co. — , 15th Midi. Inf., liiiisiii- 
 
 ville. 
 Dusing, John, lieut. co. L, 3d Ohio Cav., Raisinville. 
 Dickinson, John, corp. co. A, 4th .Mich. Inf., Raisin- 
 ville. 
 Duby, Isaac, co. I, 8tli N. Y. Cav., Monroe Town. 
 Discher, John, co. .\, 4th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Dingmoii, William, co. D, 4tli Mich. Inf.. Ash. 
 Dubry, Moses, co. B, 15th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
560 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 T)e Wolf, Charles, co. F, llUh Pa. Inf., Dundee. 
 Drewyour, William, co. G, 9th Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Duncan, Peter, corp. co. F, 67th Ohio. Inf., Dundee. 
 Davis, Ramus B., sergt. co. G, 122d N. Y. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Dutton, Joseph S., co. F, 1st Mich. Engs. an<lMechs., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Dickerson, Joseph S., co. D, 56th Ills. Inf., Dundee. 
 Dutton, Warren L., co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Davis, Cyrus A., sergl. co M, 1st Mich. Engs. and 
 
 Mechs., Dundee. 
 Drew, Israel C, sergt. co. C, 17th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Dumphy, Thomas, co. C, IStli Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Dustin, Charles M., sergt. co. F, 29th Ohio Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Eshenroder, Philip, co. G, 72d Ohio Inf., Ida. 
 Eahy, Joseph, co. C, I4th Mich. Inf., E.xeter. 
 Ellis, Benjamin W., co. D, 1st Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Ellis, Willett, CO. K, S6tli N. Y. Inf., Milan. 
 Engle, Norman, 1st sergt. co. B, 1st Mich. Sharji 
 
 Shooter.s, Milan. 
 Eckles, George H., co. C, 23d Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 Egan, John, co. G, 5th V. R. Inf., Berlin. 
 Emerson, Arthur, 1st sergt. co. D, 41st Ohio Inf., 
 
 Whiteford. 
 Elk, Matthew, co. C, 107th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 Eaton, Albert, wagoner co. I, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Eighmey, Erastus, co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Elder, Josiah M., co. E, 179th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Fleischman, Godfried, co. H, 1st Mich. Art., Monroe 
 
 City. 
 Fountain, Philip, co. G, 17th Mich. Inf., MonroeCity. 
 Farwell, John, co. K, 15th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Frost, Benjamin, co. K. 3.1 Ohio Cav., Bedford. 
 Feaderman, Christopher, co. K, 2.5th Ohio Inf., 
 
 Bedford. 
 Farrell, Edward, co. H, 24th Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 Forbes, Daniel, co. F, 11th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Fisk, Nelson, co, B, 4th Mich. Inf., La Salle. 
 Fulcher, William, co. G, 18th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 French. James E., co. F,.55th Ohio Inf., Summerfield. 
 Faunce, Isaac, co. I, 6th Ohio Cav., Summerfield. 
 Freidt, Jacob, co. K 11th Mich. Inf., Summerfield. 
 Fillmore, John, co. D, 20th Mich. Inf., Summerfield. 
 Farrington, Charles, co. F, 2d Mich. Inf., London. 
 Fulcher, T. B., blacksmith co. M, Uth Mich. Cav., 
 
 Milan. 
 Furnia, Charles, co. D. 6th Mich. H. Art., Milan. 
 Frankhouse. Abraham, co. G, 15th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 Fox, Charles B , co. — , Uth Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 Foulhaver. John, co. K, 12th 111. Inf., Raisinville. 
 Fahnestock, Jacob, sergt. co. K, 5th Mich. Cav., Ash. 
 Fisher, Daniel, co. M, 2d Reg. U. S. H. Art, Sum- 
 merfield. 
 Francisco, Harrison, co. K, 15tli Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Francisco, George, co. I, 11th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Flint, Lewis L., co. C, 4th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Frost, Howard, co. B, 189th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Fo.\', Madison V., sergt. 19th bat., 19th Ind. Art., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Foster, Vernon D., co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Fox, Frank, sergt., co. E, 33d N. Y. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Frayer, Royal F., co. M, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Fuller, Asa F., co. H, 19th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Fleming, John H., co. G, 18th Midi. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Fleming, Wallace W., co. F, 1st Mich. Engs. and 
 Mechs., Dundee. 
 
 Groth, Frederick, co, H, 1st Mich. Art., Monroe City. 
 
 Godfroy, Philip, co. D, 9th Mich. Cav., Monroe City. 
 
 Grunner, Charles F., 1st lieut. co. C, 4th Mich. Inf., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Guyor, Andrew, co. A, 4th Mich. Int., Monroe City. 
 
 Guion, Eli, co. C, 3d Ohio Cav., Monroe City. 
 
 Godfroy, Fred., co. H, Iltli Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Grosvenor, Ira R., col. 7th Mich. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 
 Griner, John, co. C, .3d Ohio Cav., Bedford. 
 
 Gee, Jason, co. K, 15th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Gillett, Chas. F., co. A, 9th Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 Gee, Ezekiel P., co. F, 24th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Greenfield, Wilber, co. E, 18th Mich. Inf., Summer- 
 field. 
 
 Gramlic, Michael, co. K, loth Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Gramlic, Wendil, co. K, 15tli Mich. Inf.. Loudon. 
 
 Green, Edward C, sergt., co. H, 1.8th Mich. Inf., 
 London. 
 
 Gallaway, James H., corp., co. 1, 1st Mich. Sharp 
 Shooters, Milan. 
 
 Guire, Benjamin, co. E, 193d Ohio Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Griffy Daniel, co. L, 9tli Mich. Cav., Berlin. 
 
 Grove, George I., co. K, 130th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Godfried, Lewis, co. D, 34th Ohio Inf., Raisinville. 
 
 Gibson, William H., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., Raisin- 
 ville. 
 
 Gates, John C. G., co. D, 9th Mich. Inf., Raisinville. 
 
 Gesley, Eugene, co. K, 24lh Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Graves, Horace N , co. A, 76th N. Y'. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Glean, Augustus, co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Gardner, Lewis, co. B, .5th Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 Galloway, Jerome B., 1st lieut. co. A, 11th Mich. Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Gee, Truman co. C, 1st Mich. Sharp Shooters, Dun- 
 dee. 
 
 Hayes, Thomas E., com. sergt., co. A, 2Sth Ind. Inf., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Haight, William F., capt., 2d Ohio Bat., 2d Ohio L. 
 Art., Monroe City. 
 
 Haag. George, co. G, 5th Mo. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Hagan, William, co. G, 120th Ohio Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Heminover, Peter, corp., 4th Bat., N. J. Art., Ida. 
 
 Heu, Daniel, co. A, 124th Ohio Inf., Frenchtown. 
 
 Holt, William S., co. G, 14th Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Hadley, Marquis, co. F. 26th Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Hartsel, James VI., co. G, 42<1 Ind. Inf., Bedfonl. 
 
 Hartz, Jacob H., co. D, 80th Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Hubble, Wheeler, co. B, 4th Mich. Cav., Bedfonl. 
 
 Hitchcock, Elisha B., 1st sergt., co. E, 19th Iowa 
 Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Harrington, B. P., co. L, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 Bedford. 
 
 Hendricks, Benjamin W., capt., co. G, 24th Mich. 
 Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Hilton, Joseph S., sergt., co. K, ISth Mich. Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
THE WAK or THE REHELLION. 
 
 fiOl 
 
 Hunperford, Elon G., co. H, i'tli Midi. Inf., Itedford. 
 Hough, George W., sergt., co. E, 17tli Mifli. Inf., 
 
 Diinilee. 
 Hart.shorn, Sumner F., drummer, co. C, 12th Iowa 
 
 Inf., Dundee. 
 Ilarwood, Edwin, co. K, lltli Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Hunt, Alfred G., co. E, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Huj.'gett, Charles C, co. A, (1th Mich. H. A., Dundee. 
 Hinsdale, George, corp., co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Uurd, George W., 2d lieut., co. B, KSth Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Hamlin, Asaliel, co. D, 0th Mich. Cav., La Salle. 
 Iluran, James, Corp., co. A,24tli Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Herkimer, R. C, co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 HufiTman, Daniel, co. I, 12th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Hammer, Jacob, co. — , 1.5th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Hoffman, John, co. K, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 
 Exeter. 
 Hunter, Silas, co. E, 52d Ma.ss. Inf., Sumraerfield. 
 Hilldebrant, Albert, co. E, 115th N. Y. Inf., Summer- 
 field. 
 Ilolton, George S., co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., London. 
 Herkimer, Henry H., co. K, olh Midi. Cav., London. 
 Haight, George D., musician, co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., 
 
 London. 
 Hope, William, co. C, 29th Iowa Inf., London. 
 Howard, Reuben S., sergt., co. D, 14th N. Y. II. Art.. 
 
 Milan. 
 Hatford, Jacob I., co. C, 186th N. Y. Inf., :\Iilaii. 
 Howe, Daniel C, 1st sergt., V. R. C, Milan. 
 Ilazen, Nelson T., co. G, 4th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 Hitchcock, Alonzo, co. E, 7th Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 Holmes, E. N., co. I, 130th Ohio Inf., Berlin. 
 Ilob.irt, Luther, co. F, 2tith Mich. Inf., Whitcford. 
 Hotchkiss, Arthur, co. K. 2.")ih Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 Hayward, William, co. K, 24th Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 Holsen, Christian, co. — , KH! Ohio Inf., Erie. 
 Hilton, Edward, sergt , co. M, 8th Mich. Cav , Erie. 
 Hood, George W., co. B, 5th Mich. Cav., Ash. 
 Hollenberg, George, co. K, 23d Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 IngersoU, Richard P., capt., co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Irish, George, co. K, .3d Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Ikle, Frederick, co. A, lS9th Ohio Inf., Suramertielil. 
 Ingraham, Richard, ord. sergt., co. B, 144th Ohio 
 
 Vol. Guards, London. 
 Jacobs, Eli, co. D, 24th Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 Johnson, Baxter, co. F, 7th Midi. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 Janney, Elwood, 2d lieut., co. A, 18th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Bedford. 
 Johnson, Miles B., co. D, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Johnson, Charles M., co. H, 3d Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Jackson, Geo. W., asst. surg., co. E, 18lh Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Jackson, James J., sergt., co. I, 17th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Juditt, John, lO. K, !»th Mich. Inf.. Dundee. 
 Johnston, Hiram, co. B, 47th Ohio Inf., E.xoter. 
 Johnson, Wallis, co. L, 1st Mich. Engs., Summerfield. 
 Johnson, Albert C, sergt. co. E, 14th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Summerfield. 
 
 Jones, Samuel D., asst. surg., 15th Mich. Inf., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 
 Johnson, James E., co. I, 17th Mich. Inf., Lon<lon. 
 
 Jacob, Hiraui, co. I, 15lh Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Jacob, Theodore, sergt., co. K, :5d Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Johnston, George, co. C, 5th Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Johnson, George, co. I, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 Milan. 
 
 Jackson, John,co. H, Slh N. Y. Cav., Berlin. 
 
 Jefls, John, co. I, 130th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Jacobs, Frederick, co. B, 15th Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Jones, Franklin, co. B, — th Ohio Inf., Whit(^ford. 
 
 Johnson, Abraham H., corp., co. K, 3d Midi. Cav., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Kirchner, George, corp., co. G, Kith Midi. Inf., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Kehn, Benedict, co. G, 82d III. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Kirschmaier, Theodore, co. C, 130th Ohio Inf., Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 Kreiidiauf, Conrad, co. G, 5tli Mo. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Kronliach, Adam, co. A, 4tli Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Keifer, Joseph, co. E, 9th Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 
 Keller, Edward, co. K, ISth Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Karr, Philander, co. I, Stii Midi. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Kent, Allen A., co. D, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Kelley, Robert, co. A, 17th Mich. Inf., LaSalle. 
 
 Knaggs, Daniel, co. B. 18th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Kenier, Eli H., co. C, 5th Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Knowles, James, co. C, 17tli Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Kline, John, sergt., co. B, 14th Ohio Inf., Erie. 
 
 Kiiiierling, John, corp., co. I, 72d Ohio Inf., Raisin- 
 ville. 
 
 Knajip, Frederick, co. E, (ith U. S. Cav.. Raisinville. 
 
 Keplinger. George, co. I, S7tli Pa. Inf., Monroe Town. 
 
 Kentz, Charles P., co. — , 12(;tli N. Y. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Kirby, R. R., M. D., surg., 11th Midi. Cav., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 
 Lehr, Adam, co. K, 11th Mich. Inf.. Monroe City. 
 
 Luce, Constant, col., 17th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Landenslager, William, co. D, 159tli Ohio Inf., Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 Lazette, Cyrille, co. B, 15th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Labeen, Frank, co. B, 21st Reg. U. S. Regulars, Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 Laiidon, George M., cai>t., co. B, 4tli Midi. Cav., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Labeau, Philip, co.C,5tli Midi. Cav., Frederick town. 
 
 Langton, Martin, sergt., co. H isih Mich. Inf., 
 Frenchtown. 
 
 Lockwood, Elmyer, co. D, 4th Mich. Inf., Dumlee. 
 
 Leil), Michael, co. G, 9tli Mich. Inf., Dnn.iee. 
 
 LaYoiinge. Clement, co. K, loth Midi. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 LeibstofT, Frederick, co. E, 9th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Lloyil, Isaac, co. A, listb Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Lofter, Warren B., co. D, 7tli Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 I>ofter, William F., co. G, iith Mich. H. Art., Dumlee. 
 
 Libby, Oliver, co. I, 17tli Mich. Inf.. Dundee. 
 
 Laisey, John G., co. \, 4tli Jlicli. Inf.. LaSalle. 
 
 Lagincss, Paul, co. X. ISth Midi. Inf., LaSalle. 
 
 Luckey, Bernard, co. H, 24th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Liverman, William, co. 11, 14tli Ohio Inf., London. 
 
 Leidle, Rhinehart, co. B, 12th Mich. Inf., London. 
 
5(52 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Li'idle, Albert, co. B, 12th Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Lamkins, Elijah M., co. I, 11th Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Lamkin, Oliver C, co. K, 5th Mich. C<av., London. 
 
 Loyd, Myron, co. C, 101st N. Y. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Lampson, William, co. G, ;!Oth Ind. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Lprt, Silas W., co. E, 1st Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Lamkin, .Vnios W.. corp., co. K, 15th iNIicli. Inf., 
 Milan. 
 
 Libby, Hiram, co. G, ilth Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Lemerand, Eli, co. E, 7th Mich, luf., Berlin. 
 
 Lenierand, Thomas, co. E, 7th Mich. Inf.. Berlin. 
 
 Larabclle, David, co. H, 11th re-organized Mich. 
 Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Lezette, John B,, corp , co. E, 7th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Lemerand, Daniel, co. E, 7th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Lafieur, Frederick, co. C, 5th Mich. Cav., Berlin. 
 
 Little, Francis, co. B, r2.3d Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 LaPoint, Mo,ses, col. B. V. T., 15th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Lewis, Joseph, co. I), 19th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Laginess, Paul, co. A, 18th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Lamkins, William, sergt., co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Rais- 
 inville. 
 
 Langs, Enoch F., co. G, 24th Mich. Int., Ash. 
 
 Lautcnschlager, Sanuiol L., co. A, 24th Mich. Inf., 
 Ash. 
 
 Laura, William, co. K, 24th Midi. Inf , Ash. 
 
 Lutz, Henry, co. M, 2d Reg. U. S. IL A., Summcrfield. 
 
 Lai<l, James, co. B, 21st Ohio Inf., Sunimerfield. 
 
 Mitchell, Leonard, <'orp., co. I, 2(.ith Wis. Inf., Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 Mitcliell, Andrew, co. E, 51st Wis. Inf.. Monroe City. 
 
 Mei-ser, Herman, co. G, !t7th Pa. Vols., Monroe City. 
 
 McOiuber, George W., landsman Steamer Michigan, 
 U. S. navy, Monroe City. 
 
 Manard, Gilbert, co. I), 9th Mich. Cav., Monroe City. 
 
 Mose.s, E Iwin, sergt., co. F, 15th Mich. Inf., bla. 
 
 Miller, William, co. G, 9th Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 
 McFetridge, Samuel, com.-sergt , 7th Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 
 McKay, James, co. C, 14th Ohio Inf., Ida. 
 
 Metty, Isaac, co. G, 9th Mich. Cav., Frenchtown. 
 
 Manard, James N., co. A, 1st Mich. Cav., Frenchtown. 
 
 Murphy, Levi, 2d corp., co. B, 189th Ohio Inf., Bed- 
 ford. 
 
 Morgan, Josiah G., sergt., co. G, 8th Mich. Cav., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Miller. L. Dudley, co. E, 15th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 McBride, Cyrus H., co. K, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 Merritt, Cieorge, corp., co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Morse, Henry P., co. G, 15th N. Y. Engs., Dundee. 
 
 Miller. Homer, corp., co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Miller, Frank H., co. I, 15th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Mason, Walter, 2d surg., co. E, 2d. IT. S. Reg. Cav., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Mitchell, Alonzo, co. I, Kilst N. Y. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Munger, E. 0., co. D, 7th Midi. Inf , Dundee. 
 
 Miller, Josiah, co. K, 9th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Mugg, George II., sergt., co. B, l(39th Ohio Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Morse, Isaac, co. C, 17th Micii. Inf. .Dundee. 
 
 Mosnberger, Andrew, co. B, 15th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Mcll honey, James, co. B, 24th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Moses, Henry, co. F, ]5tli Mich. Inf., E^xeter. 
 
 Mettler, Bennett, co. I, 14th Mich. Cav. 
 
 McManes, Owen, co. B, 17th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 . Miller, John G., co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Moore, Truborn, co. I, 144th Ohio Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 :\Iiller, John, co. K, bsth Mich. Inf., .Summerfield. 
 
 Mears, Isaac, co. I, 145th Ohio Art., Summerfield. 
 
 Millage, Abraham, Steamer Lafayette, London. 
 
 Moyrer, Willliam, sergt., co. H, 18tli Mich. Inf., 
 London. 
 
 Miller. James S., co. F, 22d ^Nlich Inf., London. 
 
 Marshall, Paden, co. A, 5th Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 iNIillor, Nicholas, co. E, 1st. Mich. II. Art., Milan. 
 
 Miliiiger, Lewis, co. A, loth Ind. Cav., Milan. 
 
 McFall, Daniel, sergt., co. E, 17th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Mettler, Marshall H., 2d corp., co. F, Inf., 
 
 Berlin. 
 
 Montri, John, co. H, 17th Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 McMeekin, Samuel, co. K, Uth Mich. Inf., White- 
 ford. 
 
 Murjihy, Natlianiel, Corp., co. L, 1st Mich. Engs. and 
 Mechs., Whiteford. 
 
 Murphy, Harmon, co. L, Ist Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 Whiteford. 
 
 Miller, B. C, co. A, 189th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Morse, George IL, sergt., co. E, 2d N. Y. Vet. Cav., 
 Whiteford. 
 
 McDowell, Fowler, CO. A. 189th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Montgomery, Edward L., co. K, 25tb Ohio Inf., 
 Wbitef.ird. 
 
 Manore, Samuel, co. M, sth .Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Morris. Joseph W., artificer, bat. C, 1st Reg. L. Art.; 
 Raisinville. 
 
 Michael, Adam, corp., co. M, 10th N. Y. Cav., Rais- 
 inville. 
 
 Mclntire, John A., co. K, ISth Mich. Inf., Raisinville. 
 
 Moses, Henry W., co. H, 3d Ohio Cav., Raisinville. 
 
 Marsh, Philip, co. D, ]82d Ohio Inf., Monroe Town. 
 
 McKay, Alexander, corp., co. B, (i7th Ohio Inf., 
 Monroe Town. 
 
 INIcNabb, John, co. K, 2!st Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Moore, (Jeorge A., co. A, 24th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 McCoUum, Alfred, co. H, 9tli Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 McKenzie, Robert, co. H, — N. Y. Cav., Ash. 
 
 Mclntyre, Josepli, co. C, litli Mich. H. Art., Ash. 
 
 McCartv, Jacob, co. K, 6th Mich. H. Art., Summer- 
 field.' 
 
 MouKon, Joseph, corp., co. C, 15th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Miller, William R., Corp., co. B, 2(ith Mich. Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Morgan, Richard W., co. C, 17tli Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Mills, Sylvester, co. M, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Nelson, Frank B., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Ninis, Frederick A., 1st lieut., co. A, 5th Mich. Cav., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Navarre, Jnlius, CO. F, 17th .Midi. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 
 Naileau, Joseph, co. I), 9th .Mich. Cav., Frenchtown. 
 
 Nixon, John. co. A, 1st Mich. Inf , Dundee. 
 
 Noble, Simon, corp., co. M, ]98lh Pa. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Newberry, W. J., co. D, 198th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Newell, Nathaniel, co. B, 11th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REHELLION. 
 
 r»o:i 
 
 Nestle, Williiiin 11., serjrf. eo. I), 2d N. Y. Art., 
 J ji Salle. 
 
 Netclier, Peter, co. L, 3d Ohio Cav., Raisinville. 
 
 Navarre, Alexamler T., adjt., 7th Mich. Inf., .Monroe 
 Town. 
 
 Olmsted, James, M lieut., eo. F, lllh Ivy. Cav., Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 ( iverineyer, Kdward, eo. G, KSitth Ohio Inf., French- 
 town. 
 
 Owen, John H., co. E, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 ( )sterhout, James, co. E, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 Owen, James, eo. I, 17th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 o'Connel, Moses, co. H. 103d Ohio Inf., E.xeter. 
 
 o'Donnal, Thomas, co. E lltli Mich. Cav., Kxetor. 
 
 Ordway, Isaac, co. A, I7th Mich. Inf., Vv'hiteford. 
 
 Ostrandcr, Ixjuis, co. F, 14th Oliio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Peck, Charles L., capt., co. D, laitli N. Y. Inf., .Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 Pousha, Lambert, co. C, 14th Ohio Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Paul, George D., sergt., co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., Monroe 
 City. 
 
 Peyton, Hamilton, co. C, 6th Ohio Cav., Ida. 
 
 Pratorious, George, co. D, 14th Ohio Inf., Ida. 
 
 Peltier, John, co. K, 18th Mich. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 
 I'ettit, Berton J., co. I, l-'th Ohio Cav., Bedf.jrd. 
 
 Pratt, Edson M., capt., co. G, iL'th Ills. Cav., Bed- 
 ford. 
 
 Petee, Cyrel, corp., co. H, 1.5th Mieh. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Phurdun, Phila.ster, eo. II, l.Sth Mieh. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Pulver, Wni. H., co. B, (Ith Wis. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Putnam, Simon S., co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Packard, Geo. M., co. D, 23d Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Parmester, Wm. H., eo. E, .5th Iowa Cav., Dundee. 
 
 Pocklington, John A., bat. H, 2d Ills. L. A., Dundee. 
 
 Pulver, Horace, co. A, 13th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Pomeroy, Norman G., co. K, 3d Mieh. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 Petfer, Jacob, co. F, 9th Pa. Cav., La Salle. 
 
 Preston, Frederick M., co. G, S7th Ohio Inf., La Salle. 
 
 Pearce, Louis, co. G, l(53d Ohio Inf., La Salle. 
 
 Poast, George H., sergt., co. E,12th Ohio Cav. ,h;xeter. 
 
 Pruden, George W., i-o. I, 1st Mieh. Sharp Sliooters, 
 Exeter. 
 
 Peck, Warren B., saddler, co. B, 7th Mieh. Cav., 
 Summerlield. 
 
 Pattee, Hiram, co. M, Sth Mieh. Cav., Summerlield. 
 
 I'ettie, Thomas J.,co. I), 178th Ohio Inf., Summerlield. 
 
 Parmer, Calvin, co. D, '.»7th N. Y. Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Payne, Jacob, co. M, 7th Mich. Cav., London. 
 
 Pool, John, CO. H, l.Stli Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Pullen, Charles W., co. D, 9th Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Poupard, Samuel, co. K, 8th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Peters, Robert R., co. K. 24th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Pomeroy, Finnando E., eo. K, ISth Mich. Inf., 
 Whiteford. 
 
 Perry, I^uis, co. K, 18th Mieh. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Powlesland, George W., co. K, Lsth .Mieh. Inf., 
 Whiteford. 
 
 Potter, James C, sergt., co. C, 145th Ohio Inf., Erie. 
 
 Peat, Augustus, co. C, Ist Ohio Cav., Erie. 
 
 Pou|>ard, Antoine, corp., co. (i, loth Mieh. Inf., 
 Monroe Town. 
 
 Parish, Barnard, sergt., co. A, 24th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 
 Pattee, James, eo. B, 3l.st Iowa Inf., Ash. 
 
 l'a<iuette, Nazareth, Dr., eo. C, 17th Mi('h. Inf., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 
 (iuayle, Jrdin, co. B, 14')th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Hoot, Jason, co. A, 41h Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Kapp, George, co. A, Sth N. Y. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Kupp, .\dolphus, musician,14th01iiolnf. Regimental 
 Band, Monroe City. 
 
 Richardson. Malachi II., 2d m. sergt., 4th Ohio Cav., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Robert, John B., eo. .V, 4th Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Robert, J. L, capt., co. G, 1.5lh Mich. Inf., Monroe 
 City. 
 
 Richardson, William B., corp., eo. K, 7tli Mich. Inf., 
 Ida. 
 
 Ruff, Zeperbin, co. II, 9tli Mieh. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 
 Reynolds, Ornion, co. E, 1st Mieh. Cav.. Frenchtown. 
 
 Rice, .\lden, co. A, 11th Alich. Cav., Frenchtown. 
 
 Rose, Jacob, co. K, 32d Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Rabadeau, Stephen, co. E, llth Mieh. Cav., Bedford. 
 
 Ranch, Ephraim, co. II, 5Gth Pa. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Ranch, Peter, eo. II, 4th Mich. Inf., La Salle. 
 
 Rotterdam, John G., corp., co. H, I2')th Ohio Inf., 
 La Salle. 
 
 Robert, Eli, co. .<., 1.5th Mich. Inf., La Salle. 
 
 Reed, George W., cc C, 1st Mich. Art., La Salle. 
 
 Reinhardt, Ferdinand, CO. K, 12sth Ohio Inf., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 
 Royal, Robert, co. D, 1st Mich. Cav., London. 
 
 Reeves, William C, co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Riclianl.son, .\ddison, eo. K, 18th Mich. Inf., White- 
 ford. 
 
 Ragar, Aloise, eo. (i, :'.7th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Rouse, Henry, c)ri>., co. K, IStb Mieh. Inf., White- 
 ford. 
 
 Romele, Joseph, co. II, 1.5th Mich. Inf., Krie. 
 
 Rean, Francis B., co. I), 19.5tli Ohio Inf., Erie. 
 
 Riibideau, Edward, co. II, 17th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Rabideau, Isadore, co. C, 18th Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Reeves, James C, co. D, ISth Mich. Inf., Raisinville. 
 
 liajips, Christopher, Corp., co. K, loth .Mich. Inf., 
 Raisinville. 
 
 Ring, John, co. B, ()7th Ohio Inf., Raisinville. 
 
 Roberts, Lyman co. I, ICOth Pa. Inf , Ash. 
 
 Reynolds, Creydon F., co. K, (ilh Mich. 11. Art., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 
 Rankin, Orrin, nna.ssignc<l, 10th .Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Roach, Harvey F., co. K. 3il Mich, ('av., Dundee. 
 
 Rodd, John, CO. D, 7th Mieh. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Rankin, Wm. II., co. C, ISih Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Rankin, John P., co. C, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Rankin, Josiah, co. G, 23d Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Rowson, Stephen, CO. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 .Sherman, Wilber, co. A, 1st Ohio Art., Monroe City. 
 
 Sedelbaner, John, sergt., co. K, 1.5th Mich. Inf., 
 Monroe ("ity. 
 
 Saunders, Charles H., 1st lieut., co.C, 9lh Mich. Cav., 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Spalding, Henry, 1st lieut., eo. K, ISth .Mieh. Inf.. 
 Monroe City. 
 
 Spalding, George, brev. brig, gen., Cav. (.4tli) Div., 
 Army Cumberland, Monroe City. 
 
564 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Sc-hafler, Leonard, co. G, 5th Mo. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 iShenevert, Frank, co. B.lSth Mich. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Stum, Bernhart, co. C, 14th Ohio Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Shenevert, Adolplius, co. B, 15tli Midi. Inf., Monroe 
 City. 
 
 Soleau, F. X., major, co. G, l-'itli Mich. Inf., Monroe 
 City. 
 
 Spitaller, Peter, co. M, Sth Mich. Cav., Monroe City. 
 
 Sodover, Aaron, co. K, 37tli Ohio Inf., Ida. 
 
 Sizer, George W., co. A, :!d Oliio Cav., Ida. 
 
 .Sclilunii), IMicliael, co. I, i)tli Mich. Inf., Ida. 
 
 Strcetcr, diaries F., co. -, !)tli Midi. Cav., Ida. 
 
 Spunn, Cliarles, co. K, lotli Mich. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 
 Saucrante, Colunihns, co. K, 17th Midi. Inf., French- 
 town. 
 
 Swartz, John, co. I, 102d Ohici Inf., Frenclitown. 
 
 Slick, Henry M., co. H, 1.5th Midi. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Slieppcrd, Andrew J., corp.. co. 1), 10th C)liio Cav., 
 Bedford. 
 
 Sulier, Jcihn B., 4tli corp., co. I, i:30tli Ohio Inf., 
 Bedfonl. 
 
 Spaldwin, George, co. B, 17tli Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Stump, John, cO. — , 17tli Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Salters, Nelson, co. M. Sth N. Y. Cav., Bedford. 
 
 Slietleroe, John, co. K, l.stli Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Spots, Rufus CO. H, 17th Mich. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Smith, Jasper N., co. K, 18th Midi. Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Smith, Obid, sergt., co. I, 130th Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 
 Sparks, James, corp., co. H, 101st Ohio Inf., Dunf^ee. 
 
 Shock, Flavius J., co. I, 11th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Shock, Henry, co. D, 18th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Shceftter, Lee, sergt., co. E, 1.5th Pa. Cav., Exeter. 
 
 Scovy, James, co.C, 1st Mich. Sharpshooters, Exeter. 
 
 Stuart, William, co. A, 4th Mich. luf., Exeter. 
 
 Saxon, John, co. I, 2d Ohio Cav., Summertield. 
 
 Sayers, (ieorge C, co. K, .50th N. Y. Engs., Summer- 
 tield. 
 
 Sanfurd, Reuben, co. H, ISth Mich Inf., London. 
 
 Suell, Burton H., co. I, 37th Ills. Inf., London. 
 
 Shipman, Daniel B., sergt., co. I, Uth Mich. Cav., 
 London. 
 
 Strickland, Arthur, sergt., co. I, Gth Mich. H. Art., 
 London. 
 
 Smith, Hor,itio H., sergt., co. I), 7th Mich. Inf., 
 London. 
 
 Snell, Milton W., co. I, 37th Ills. Inf., London. 
 
 Sherwood, Homer, co. I, uth Mich. Cav,, ^lilan. 
 
 Stoddard, John M., co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Shaler, Andrew, co. B, 18th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Smith, Dennis, corp., co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Sampel, Samuel, co. D, 1st Vet. N. Y. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Spear.s, David C, co. B, 104th N. Y. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Stebbins, Sylvester, co. A, 4th Midi. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Sloan, A. M., co. F, Gth Mich Art., Milan. 
 
 Sherman, John G., co. G, 23d Mich. Inf.. Milan. 
 
 Smith, Henry, co. C, 18th Mich. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Sliippie, George W., CO. D, 11th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Schenavare, Julius L., co. I, 11th Midi. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Saucrainte, Moses, co. A, ISDth Ohio Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Sigler, John L., co. D, 4th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 Slick, Jacob L., co. A, 18th Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Sulier, John, co. H, ISth Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Smitli, Samuel S., co. A, 177th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 Shosberger, John, co. B, 12th Mich. Inf., Raisinville. 
 Schafer, George, co. I, 9th Mich. Inf., Riiisinville. 
 Sorter, Justus, co. I, 0th Mich. Inf., Raisinville. 
 Sype, John, en. B, 49th Ohio Inf., Monroe Town. 
 Stilhvdl, Jonathan, co. A, 7tli Mich. Inf., Monroe 
 
 Town. 
 Steiner, Martin, co. A, 17th .Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Southworth, William, co. G, 24th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Swinerton, Andrew, co. E, llth Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Swinerton, Charles, co. E, llth Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Saunders, Aaron, co. B, 18th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Snyder, Addison, co. K, loth Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Spalding, Norton P., co. F, 1st Mich. Engs. and 
 
 Mechs., Dundee. 
 Stockman, Charles A., co. B, 20th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Smith, Benjamin, co. K, 100th Ohio Inf., Dundee. 
 Soles, Thomas B., co. B, new 4th Midi. Inf., Dundee. 
 Smith, H. W., co. H, 30th Mich. Inf., Dundee 
 Smith, Lucian B., co. F, 4th Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Stewart, Henry A., co. L, 2d Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Soules, Sylvanus, co. B, 4th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Southard, Robert M., co. F, 1st Mich. Engs. and 
 
 Mechs., Dundee. 
 Scliultz, Christian, Corp., co. K, 15tli Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Slayton. James J., co. H, 18th Midi. Inf., Dundee. 
 Slayton, Ebenezer, co. A, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Spalding. Henry C, 1st sergt., co. E, llth Mich. Cav., 
 
 I>undee. 
 Spalding, Julius H., .3d sergt., co. K. 18th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Spalding, John Q., co. E. 1st Mich. Inf.. Dundee. 
 Smith, John E , corp., co. I.20lh Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Smith, Columbus, co. I, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Smith, Daniel, co. G, 9th Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 Squires, Asa, co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Squires, Jerome B., co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Smith, John H., co. K, 18th Mass. Inf., Dundee. 
 Townsend, Louis J., co. I,8tli Vt. Inf., Monroe City. 
 Thayer, William, co. F, llth Mich. Cav., Ida. 
 Thorn, Daniel W., co. B, Uth Ohio Inf., Bedford. 
 Trombley, Frank, co. G, 15th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 Tyler, Michael G., co. H, 1st Ohio L. Art., Sum- 
 mertield. 
 Trombley, Lew^is, co. M, .sth Mich Cav., Snmmerfield. 
 Teal, Charles W., co. C, tith Midi. H. Art., London. 
 Taylor, Nelson, corp., co. F, Gth Mich. H. Art., Milan. 
 Tierney, James, co. K, 1st Mich. Cav., Milan. 
 Tucker, Alfred, co. A, 9th Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 Trombley, Eli, co. K, 18tli Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 Tabbot, Charles, co. B, 176th Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 Tabbot, August, co. B, lOOtli Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 Tubbs, Orris F, co E, 1st. Mo. Engs., Whiteford. 
 Teil, Timothy, co. K, ISth Mich. Inf., Erie. 
 Tyler, Daniel E., co. B, 5th Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Taylor, David E.. sergt, co. D, 9tli Mich. Cav., A.sh. 
 Thayer. Benjamin, co. H, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs. 
 
 Summertield. 
 Totten, Joseph IL, sergt., co. D, 30th Mich. Inf., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Tappan, Richard, co. F, 2Gth Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 505 
 
 TaiJpan, Martin, unassigned, Dundee. 
 
 l'p.ll, Moses, CO. K, nth Mich. Inf., Kxeler. 
 
 Van.\kin, Simeon, co. C, 1st U. S. Sharp Shooters, I<hi. 
 
 VanWormer, .\aron .J., co. I, ISOtli Oliio Inf., Bedford. 
 
 VanXest, P.. co. E, !)th Mi.'h Inf., Dundee. 
 
 Villette, Cliarles, co. K, 14th U. S. Inf., Milan. 
 
 \'ans<hoick, Franklin, co. F, 2M\ Mich Inf., .Milan. 
 
 Valerance, David, co. G, 24th Mich. Inf., Berlin. 
 
 VanTas.-^el, Samuel, co. K, lUth Ind. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Vesey, Edwin, co. K, 24tli Mich. Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Vanhouten, James, corp.. co. K,24th Mich. Inf., .\sli. 
 
 Van.schoick, J., co. B, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 X'anZant, Tunis, co. F, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Vandercook, Henry, co. D, 18th Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 VanPelt, Ferdinand, co. E, 1st Mich. Cav., Dundee. 
 
 VanXest, James, co. I, 17th Mich. Inf., Dunilee. 
 
 Vreeland, Wilts, co. H, 18th Midi. Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Wajrner, Joseph F, co. F., 4tli Mich. Cav., Monroe 
 City. 
 
 Wonde, Ricliard, bugler, co. B, .ith l'. S. Cav., Mon- 
 roe City. 
 
 Wagner, Levi, co. K, isth Midi. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Whipple, John, co. A, 4th Midi. Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Webb, Egbert, sergt., co. C, .5th Mich. Cav., Monroe 
 City. 
 
 Warthen, Perry, co. H, 31st Ohio Inf., Monroe City. 
 
 Webl), Rollin F., lieut., co. C, otli Mich. Cav.. French- 
 town. 
 
 Whetmill, George, co. M, 8th Mich. Cav., Bedford. 
 
 Wright, William, co. D, 1st Ohio L. Art., Dundee. 
 
 Wheeler Charles B., co. D, 1st Bat., IGtli U. S. Inf., 
 Dundee. 
 
 Winnis, George, co. E, l.Sdth Ohio Inf., LaSalle. 
 
 Wenzel, George, co. K, 25th Ohio Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Walters, Joseph, co. C, 17th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Wright, Andrew, co. A, 24th Mich. Inf., Exeter. 
 
 Wadsworth, Elihu H., capt., co. D, Kilst U. S. C. 
 Inf., Summerfield. 
 
 Woodbury, Lyman, co, K, istli Mich. Inf., Sum- 
 merfield. 
 
 Weathers, Charles, co. K, l-")tli Midi. Inf., Summer- 
 field. 
 
 Wilson, Isaac, G Bat., (itli Mich. II. Art., London. 
 
 White, Levi E., co. I, 11th .Mich. Inf., London. 
 
 Wescott, Winant, co. K, Sd N. Y. Art., Milan. 
 
 Woocard, William, co. H, hsth Midi. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Wenderhousen, Frederick, co. C, 1st Mich. Sharp 
 Shooters, Milan. 
 
 Wilcox, William H., orderly sergt., co. F, 4tli Mich. 
 Inf., Milan. 
 
 Winters, M. L., co. A, 4th Midi. Cav., Milan. 
 
 Warner, Daniel, co. H, Isth Midi. Inf., Milan. 
 
 Wheeler, Albert, co. K, .52d Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Ward, Jared, orderly, co. F, 2ilth Miili. Inf., White- 
 ford. 
 
 Whiting, Dayton P., co. G, 12th 111. Cav., Whiteford. 
 
 WorKlbury, Albert, co. E, li7tli Ohio Inf., Whiteford. 
 
 Whajiker, Harmon, co. I, lil7th Ohio Inf.. Whiteford. 
 
 Wo..llen, Samuel, co. G,9tli Midi. Inf., Erie. 
 
 Wagner, Jacob, co. E, 1st Ohio Inf., Erie. 
 
 Wilson, Isaiah, co. B, I'Otli Ohio Inf., Raisinville. 
 
 Watson, William C, co. A, 4tli Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Wallace, John P., co. G, 7lh Ohio V. C. Cav., Ash. 
 Warner, Edward J., co. E, l-itli .Mich. Cav., Ash 
 Woodard, Robert R., co. B, ISth Mich. Inf., Ash. 
 Wright, John W., co. C. 23d Iowa Inf., Dundee. 
 Witherson, Justus S., corp., co. A, iUli Mich. Cav., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Wheeler, Samuel, co. II, 7tli Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Wilcox. Jacob, co. E, 1st Mich. Cav.. Dundee. 
 Warner, Marshall, co. B, .5tli Midi. Cav., Dundee. 
 Wilson, John, co. B, ISth Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 Yost, Michael, co. F, I02d Ohio Inf., Summerfield. 
 Youngs, Eber, co. B, 7th Mich. Cav., London. 
 Zimmeiman, Jos.,co. K, 1.5th Mien. Inf., Frenchtown. 
 Zorn. Lewis, co. L, 3d Ohio Cav., Raisinville. 
 Zeliff, James S., co. M, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs., 
 
 Dundee. 
 Zeliir, Charles H., co. II, Isth Mich. Inf., Dundee. 
 
 MICHIGAN RKCMMEXTS. 
 
 A hirgc proportion of tlic enlistments (rom 
 Monroe county were in the Fourth, Seventh, 
 Fifteenth, Seventeenth, Eigiiteenth Regiments, 
 and large nunilier enlisted in the Twenty- 
 fourth Infantry and Fiftli Cavahy, and the com- 
 panies organized in Monroe county only will re- 
 ceive attention in tlie limited space allowed in 
 this work, although a full account of enlistments 
 from Monroe county is given in alphabetical 
 list, to wiiich the reader is referred 
 
 THE l-OlRTIt RKGI.ME.NT 
 
 Of infantrj' was recruited mostlj'on aline run- 
 ning from Monroe county along through tiie 
 southern tier of counties westward, including 
 i^t. .loseph county, and was organized by Colo- 
 nel Dwight A. Woodburv, of Adrian. The 
 field officers were: Dwight A. Woodbuiy, 
 colonel, of Adrian ; William W. Duflield. lieu 
 tenant colonel, of Detroit; Jonathan W. 
 Childs, major, Ypsilanti. 
 
 This regiment enlisted under the first call for 
 three months men. At the formation of the regi- 
 ment the companies received an alphabetical 
 designation. The Smith Guards were desig- 
 nated Company A ; Constant Luce, of .Monroe, 
 captain; John M. Oliver, of Monroe, first lieu- 
 tenant ; A. Morell Eose, second lieutenant. 
 
 In command of Dwight A. Woodburv tho 
 regiment left its rendezvous at Adrian for 
 Washington June 25, 1S61, numbering on tiio 
 I'olis 1,025 officers and men, and arrived in that 
 city .luly 2d and went into camp with the Sec- 
 ond and Thir<l Michigan, near the chain bridge 
 above Georgetown. 
 
566 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 This regiment aided largely, as also did the 
 Second, Third and Fifth Regiments, in the con- 
 struction of the defenses of Wasliington. Were 
 subsequently engaged at Hanover Court House 
 May 27, 1862, at Mechanicsville June 26th, and 
 on tlie 27th at Gaines Hill; also at Savage Sta- 
 tion June 29th, at Turkey Bend June 30th, at 
 White Oak Swamp on the same day, and on 
 July Ist at Malvern Hill, where it became con- 
 spicuously engaged, losing its colonel, with 
 Captain A. M. Rose, of Monroe. After the 
 death of Colonel Woodbury, Lieutenant-Colo- 
 nel Childs was promoted to the colonelc}'. When 
 the campaign on the Peninsula ended, the 
 Fourth Regiment returned with the army and 
 entered on the " Pope campaign." Tliis regi- 
 ment, in command of Colonel Childs, was also 
 in the engagement at Gainesville, August 29, 
 1862, Beese Run August 30th, at Antietam Sep- 
 tember 17th following, at Shepardstown Ford 
 September 20, 1862. The regiment returned 
 again to the Potomac from the Maryland cam- 
 paign ; was in the battle of Fredericksburg, 
 December 13th and 14tli. Among the killed 
 in the latter battle was Lieutenant James 
 Clark. 
 
 The regiment was al.so engaged at Snicker's 
 Gap, Ya.., November 14, 1862 ; Fredericksburg, 
 Va., December 13, 14, 1862; Morrisville, Va., 
 December 30th and Slst; Uiiited States Ford, 
 Va., January 1, 1863 ; Chaucellorsville, Va., 
 May 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1863; Kelley's Ford, Va., 
 January 9, 1863; Ashby's Gap, Va., June 21, 
 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 3, 4, 1863; Wil- 
 liamsport, Md., July 12, 1863; Wapping 
 Heights, Va., July 21, 1863; Culpepper, 
 Va., October 13, 1863; Brandy Station, Va., 
 October 13, 1863; Bristo Station, Va., October 
 14,1863; Rappahannock Station, Va., Novem- 
 ber 7, 1863 ; Cross Roads, Va., November 26, 
 1863; Mine Run, Va., November 29, 1863; Wil- 
 derness, Va., May 5, 6, 7, 1864; Laurel Hill, 
 Va., May 8, 1864 '; Po River, Va., May 10, 1804 ; 
 Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864; Ny River, 
 Va , May 21, 1804; North Anna, Va., May 23, 
 1864; Jericho Mills, Va., May 24, 1864; Noel's 
 Turn, Va., May 26, 1864; Tolopotomy, Va., 
 May 30, 1864; Magnolia Swamp, Va., June 1, 
 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 1864; 
 Petersburg, Va., June 18, 1864. 
 
 The total membershijJ of the F'ourth had 
 been during its service 1,32.5, while its losses 
 were 273, of which 8 officers and 115 men were 
 
 killed in action, 4 officers and 50 men died of 
 wounds, and 1 officer and 95 men of disease. '' 
 
 SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 The companies that composed the Seventh 
 Regiment joined their regiment at Monroe. 
 On the formation thereof the companies re- 
 ceived an aljjhabetical designation, which 
 they assumed in the regiment in place of their 
 local names. The field and staff were : Col- 
 onel, Ira R. Grosvenor, of Monroe; lieutenant- 
 colonel, Frazoy M. Winans, of Moni-oe; major, 
 Nathaniel B. Eldridge, Lapeer; adjutant, Hen- 
 ry B. Landou, of Monroe. 
 
 The Monroe Light Guards, designated as 
 Company D, was officered by: Captain, Jame 
 Darrah ; first lieutenant, Sylvanus W. Curtis; 
 second lieutenant, Henry B. Landon ; all of 
 Monroe. 
 
 The Seventh Regiment left Monroe for Vir- 
 ginia on the 5th of September, 1861, in com- 
 mand of Colonel Ira R. Grosvenor, of 
 Monroe, its muster rolls showing the 
 names of 884 officers] and enlisted men. 
 The regiment lay on the Upper Potomac 
 during the winter and was engaged in 
 the dis.astrous action at Ball's Bluff, being in 
 Lauder's brigade of Stone's division. 
 
 A few weeks after the Seventh reached the 
 front, and while it was stationed on the Upper 
 Potomac, near Leesburg, a. stand of silk regu- 
 lation colors was purchased and given to it by 
 Colonel Grosvenor, commanding. On one of 
 the stripes was inscribed the motto, "Tuebor." 
 In July, 1864, while in the field near Peters- 
 burg, Corporal Williams brought for the regi- 
 ment a flag of heavy blue silk, trimmed with 
 gold fringe, presented by the ladies of Monroe, 
 on which were embroidered the battles of the 
 regiment. It was of rare beauty, and on it 
 were also embroidered the State arms, with the 
 motto '^Tuebor," surmounted by an eagle with 
 a scroll, on which was inscribed, "Seventh 
 Michigan Volunteers." Below the coat of arms 
 was a double scroll, with the inscription, "For- 
 lorn hope of Fredericksburg, December 11, 
 1862," and underneath, "From the Ladies of 
 Monroe." 
 
 It followed McClellan to the Peninsula in the 
 spring of 1862, was in the third brigade, sec- 
 ond division, second corps, and sustained se- 
 vere loss in the battles of that campaign, being 
 engaged at Yorktown, April 4 to May 5; West 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 
 
 56' 
 
 Point, Va., May 7; Fair Oaks, May 31 to Juno 
 1 ; Peacli Orchard and Savage Station, .lime 
 20; White Oak Swamp and GlenJaic, Juno 30; 
 Malvern Hill, July 1 ; Bull Hun 2d, August 30. 
 
 At Fair Oaks the Seventh was in Dana's 
 brigade of Sumner's corps, and towards night 
 of that fearful struggle the Conlederatos were 
 pressing forward with great vigor, and the rcg 
 inient became heavily engaged in tiie chai'ge 
 referred to in the following notice: 
 
 Lossing says : " For a monicnt the National 
 line was bent and seemed ready to brenk, but 
 the clear voice of IJurns calling out, 'Steady, 
 men, steady!' gave them such inspiration that 
 they broke into loud cheers and held the posi- 
 tion firmly. In the face of their terrible vol- 
 leys the Confederates pressed on and charged 
 Brady's battery, whose murderous fire of can- 
 ister, poured into their compact ranks, made 
 fearful lanes and sent them back in confusion 
 to the woods in their rear. Undismayed by 
 their repulse and the loss of their chief ((ienor- 
 al Johnston), the Confederates again advanced, 
 just as darkness came on, and endeavored to 
 outflank Sumner's right, where (ieneral Dana 
 had joined Gorman. After figiiting heavily 
 for some time Sumner ordered a ba^'onet 
 charge by five of his regiments. This was 
 bravely performed. The regiments leaped two 
 fences between them and their foes, rushing 
 upon the Confederate line, and broke it into 
 dire confusion.'' 
 
 Following the battle of Bull itun, the Sev- 
 enth entered upon the Maryland campaign, in 
 command of Colonel Norman .1. Hall, then a 
 first lieutenant Fifih U. S. Artillery, a graduate 
 of the Military Academj' from Michigan, who 
 had been commissioned to the colonelcy of the 
 regiment to rank from July 7th preceding, vice 
 tirosvenor, resigned. 
 
 At the battle of Antictam more than halt' 
 its force engaged was disabled, .\mong the 
 killed were Captain J. JI. Turrill, Lieutenant 
 .1. I'. Eberhard, and Lieutenant John A. C'lark, 
 while Captain Allen H. Zacharias was moi'tall3- 
 wounded. The last two named, from Monroe. 
 
 The limits of this work will not admit of 
 following the Seventh Regiment through the 
 numerous battles in which they were engaged, 
 lint the liberty is taken to quote the interesting 
 n'])ort of Major Sylvanus (hirlis, of Monroe, 
 who succeeded to the command after the death 
 of Colonel Steele, to show the part taken by 
 
 this regiment in the inqiorlant battle of (let- 
 tysburg. 
 
 " On the evening of the first day of July, 18G3, 
 this regiment, under the command of Lieuten- 
 ant Colonel Steele, reached a ])oint sonie four 
 miles south of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and 
 formed in line a short distance to the left of the 
 road, and extending into the woods on the 
 southern slope of a high and conical hill. Ln- 
 inediately after arriving in jiosition ]}i(l<ets 
 were thrown out on the left flank, antl a bi-east- 
 work made of some rails lying near our line. 
 The men then prepared and ate their suppers 
 and lay on their arms. .\t 5 a. m. on the ne.\'t 
 day it marched on the Gettysburg road to a 
 point on Cemetery Hill, near the center of our 
 line of battle. Here (his regiment, with the 
 Fifty-Ninth New York, was ordered forward 
 to the front to support a battery. We were 
 posted about one hundred and fifty yard.'- to the 
 left of the summit of the hill, about two acres 
 of which was covered with a dense growth of 
 small oaks; our left rested on the battery, our 
 right was partially- concealed by a cluster of 
 small trees and shrul)s. W'c had then ])resent 
 fourteen officers and one hundred and fifty-one 
 muskets Lnmediately on geUing into posi- 
 tion barricades were made of rails, and partially 
 screened from ob.servation by bushes. Skirmish- 
 ing commenced in front of us immediately after 
 getting into position, and continued until 4:l."j 
 i>. M., when the enemy's artillery ojjened upon 
 us, and a general artillery duel soon commenced, 
 and continued without intermission until ") p. m., 
 when the fire slackened, and their infantry 
 columns were seen advancing on our line. 
 Thej- succeeded in passing through between 
 the guns of the battery on our left, driving .:he 
 gunners from their jjosts. The line on our left 
 gave way. and our flank was almost turned, 
 but the enemy's line was fast melting away 
 under the scathing tiro of our men, who re- 
 mained unflinchingl3- at their ixists and they 
 soon retired in utter confusion, leaving a larg'e 
 number of dead and wounded. 
 
 " They also left in front of us three stands of 
 colors, which were picked up by other regi- 
 ments who followed them up. A large num- 
 ber of i)risoners fell into our hands, and were 
 immediately sent to the rear, among them one 
 colonel slightly wounded in one of his fingers, 
 and several minor officers. This ended the 
 fight for the day, and the men lay down supper- 
 
568 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 less about 10 o'clock to obtain what rest they 
 could. Our loss was nine killed and ten 
 wounded. At daylight on the 3d the enemy 
 again opened a furious cannonade, but did us 
 no harm, tiieir fire being principally directed 
 to the artillery on cither side of us. This con- 
 tinued until about nine o'clock, when all be- 
 came quiet, except a desultory fire from pickets 
 and sharpshooters on both sides. About half 
 past 10 all firing ceased until 1 p. m., when the 
 enemy fired a signal gun from the right of their 
 line, which was instantly followed by the roar 
 of all their artillery, which had been massed 
 in the edge of the woods opposite us in such a 
 manner as to bring this regiment nearly in the 
 center of their fire. Owing to our peculiar 
 situation in regard to their fire, not as much 
 damage was done as would naturally be ex- 
 pected from such a storm of missiles. Nearly 
 all the shot and shell struck in front and 
 ricochetled over us or passed us and burst in 
 our rear. This continued until -i P. m., when 
 their infantry columns were seen advancing. 
 Orders were given the men to reserve their fire 
 until the enemy was within short range. They 
 soon came within a very short distance and our 
 fire was opened on them « ith terrible effect, 
 mowing them down by scores; still they came 
 on till within a few yards of us, when the order 
 was given to fix bayonets. The men expressed 
 a determination to hold their works at all 
 hazards. Many of the enemy at this time 
 crawled on their hands and feet under the sheet 
 of fire, and coming up to our lines, surrendered 
 themselves prisoners. The enemy soon find- 
 ing our fire too hot for them moved by the left 
 flank and joined in the assault upon the crest 
 of the hill, driving our line from their position. 
 At this time Colonel Steele received an order 
 to form the regiment nearly at right angles to 
 its then ])osition, with the intention of attack- 
 ing the enemy's right flank, which had become 
 exposed. Owing to the great noise the order 
 was not understood by anj^ except those nearest 
 Colonel Steele. The rest of the officers, seeing 
 the men, as they supposed, retreating, made all 
 efforts to rally them. A part of them came 
 back, the remainder .kept on with Colonel 
 Steele, who advanced with them to the crest of 
 the hill, when he fell, instantly killed with a 
 bullet through his brain. The greater part of 
 the regiment remained in their works, and did 
 great execution by a well-directed fire upon 
 
 the flanks of the enemy. The field was soon 
 won, the enemy flying in great disorder. 
 A great number of prisoners were taken 
 and a large amount of small arms, am- 
 munition, etc., were left upon the field. The 
 men by this time had become very much ex- 
 hausted from previous long marches, constant 
 watchfulness, and having been destitute of food 
 nearly two daj's, yet all were cheerful and 
 worked during the night to improve their 
 breastworks in the anticipation of an attack 
 next morning. Though but one spade could be 
 obtained the I'ails were nearly covered with 
 earth by dayligiit. Most of the men worked 
 till late in the night in bringing in and earing 
 for the wounded. Our loss was twelve killed 
 and thirty-four wounded, making the loss in 
 both actions twenty-one killed and fourty-four 
 wounded. The disproportionate number of 
 killed arose from the fact that the men were 
 partially protected by the breastworks of rails, 
 and the greater part of those hit by the mis- 
 siles of the enemy were hit in the head and 
 upper ])art of the body. The 4th was spent in 
 burying the dead, gathering up the arms left 
 on the field, and taking care of the wounded. 
 Too much cannot be said in j^raise of the con- 
 duct of both officers and men. Where all did 
 their duty to the fullest extent, it would seem 
 invidious to particularize." 
 
 The regiment was mustered out of ser- 
 vice, and in command of Colonel LaPointe, 
 reached Jackson, Mich., on the 7th, where it 
 was paid off and disbanded. 
 
 The Seventh was engaged at Ball's Bluff. Va., 
 October 21, 18G1; Yorktown, Va., April 4 to 
 May 4, 1862; West Point, Va., May 7, 1862; 
 Fair Oaks Va., May 31 to June 1, 18C2 ; Peach 
 Orchard, June 29, 1862; Savage Station, June 
 29, 1862; While Oak Swamp, Va., June 30, 
 1862; Glendale, Va., June 30, 1862; Malvern 
 Hill, Va., July 1, 1862; Bull Kun, 2d, Va., 
 August 30,1862; South Mountain, Md., Sep- 
 tember 14, 1862 ; Antietam, Md., September 17, 
 1862; Fredericksburg, Va., December 11, 12, 
 and 13, 1862; Chancollor.sville, Va. May 3 and 
 4, 1863; Haymarket, Va., June — , 1863; (let- 
 tysburg, Penn., July 2 and 3, 1863; Falling 
 Waters, Md., July 14, 1863; Bristo Station, 
 Va., November 27, 1863; Kobertson's Tavern, 
 Va., November 29, 1863; Mine Run, Va., No- 
 vember 29, 1863; Wilderness, Va., Ma}' 5 and 
 6, 1864; Po River, Va., May 10, 1864; Spott- 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBEI.T.ION. 
 
 ')t)9 
 
 -ylvaiiiii. V:i., -May 12, lSt!4; Norlli Anna, \'a., 
 -May 2■^, 18(54; Xy Hivcr, \a., May 24, 18t;4 ; 
 Tolopotorny. Va.. Maj* 30 and 31 and June 1, 
 \Sii4; Cold Harbor, Va.. June 3, 1864; Poters- 
 liiirg, \'a.. June 18 au<l 22, 1864; Deep Bottom, 
 \ a , July 27 an<l 28, 1864; Strawberry Plain.s, 
 Va., August 14 and 17, 1864; Ream's Station, 
 \'a., August 25, 1864; Boynton Road, Va., Oc- 
 tober 27, 1864: Hatcher's Run, \ti., February 
 ."., 1865; Hatchers Run. Va., March 20, 1865; 
 I at Tail Creek, Va., April 2, 1865; Farmvillc, 
 \'a., .\pril 7, 1865; siege of Petersburg, \'a., 
 from Juno 17, 1864, to April 3, 1865. 
 
 It had a total membership of 1,393. Its 
 losses were : Killed in action, 6 officers, 123 
 men ; died of wounils, 5 officers, 47 men ; of 
 disease, 3 officers, 154 men ; a total of 338 dtH- 
 cers and men. 
 
 FIFTEK.VTH UEGI.ME.NT. 
 
 The Fifteenth Regiment rendezvoused at 
 Monroe, was recruiteil by Colonel John M. Oli- 
 ver, of that place. When the organization was 
 completed it was mustered into service March 20, 
 1862, and left its camp at Motiroe, in command of 
 Colonel Oliver, March 27, 18(12, with 8(59 
 names on its roll. 
 
 The field and staff officers that were residents 
 of ilonroe were: Colonel, John M. Oliver; 
 adjutant. James G. McBride; quartermaster, 
 Michael Twooniey. Company B, Richard Lor- 
 finger, captain ; Moses A. LaPointe, first lieu- 
 tt^naut ; James (>. McBride, second lieutenant. 
 Comjiany F, Augustus H. Phelps, first lieuten- 
 ant ; F, James F. Adams, second lieutenant ; 
 (I, Francis X. Soleaii, second lieutenant; H, 
 Samuel P. Clark, first lieutenant; I, (leorgeA. 
 Strong, captain ; K, (Jeorge W. Bowlsb}-. cap- 
 tain. 
 
 The destination of the regiment was the 
 armj' then serving with (ieneral Orant in Mis- 
 sissippi. It reached Pittsburg Ijanding on the 
 day before the battle of the Gth and 7th of 
 April, 1862, and its participation in that ac- 
 tion cost the regiment Captain (ieorge A. 
 Strong, of Monroe. From (Jencral McCook's 
 report, commanding second division of Buell's 
 army, he says: " I take great pleasure in call- 
 ing your attention to the conduct of Colonel 
 Oliver, and operation of his regiment, the Fif- 
 teenth Michigan. When my division was 
 tiiarciiing on the field, (Joloncl Oliver, at the time 
 unknown to me, re(|iiestcd the ]iriviiege to place 
 
 himself under my command. His regiment 
 was attached to General Rosseaii's brigade, and 
 "luring the day was undei- the hottest fire, 
 when he and his officers and men acted with 
 conspicuous braver}'." 
 
 I'p to November 1. 1862, the regiment had to 
 participate in engagements and skirmishes: 
 At Pittsburg Landing, April 6; Farmington, 
 May 9; siege of Corinth, from May 10 to 31 ; 
 luka, September 19; Chcwalla, October 1, and 
 on the 3d and 4th at Corinth. It was immedi- 
 ately after the liattle of Chewalla and Corinth 
 that (Teneral l{osecrans made the folhjwing 
 expression : " Well may Jliehigan be proud 
 of the gallant Fifteenth Regiment.' Charles 
 H. Barnaby, of Raisinville, was killed the 13th 
 of August in a battle before Atlanta. 
 
 The Fifteenth met the enemy at Pittsburg 
 Jjanding, Tenn., April 6 and 7, 1862; Farm. 
 iiigton, Afiss., May 9, 1862; siege of Corinth, 
 Miss., May 10 to 31, 1862; luka, Miss., Sep- 
 tember 19, 1862; Chewalla, Miss., October 1, 
 1862; Corinth, Miss., October 3 and 4,1862; 
 siege of Vicksburg, Mi.ss., June 1 1 to July 4, 
 1863; Jackson, Miss., July 11 to 18, 1863; 
 Resaca, (ia.. May 14, 1864; Big Shanty, Ga., 
 June 15, 1864; Kenesaw, Ga., June 25, 1864; 
 Decatur, Ga., July 20, 21, 1864; siege of At- 
 lanta, July 22 to August 25, 1864; Atlanta and 
 M. R. R., (!a., August 29,1864; Jone.sboro, <ia., 
 August 31,1864; Lovejoy's Siation, Ca., Se|i. 
 tember 2, 1864; Clinton, Ga, November 20, 
 1864 ; Fort McAllister, Ga., December 13, 1864 ; 
 Orangeburg, S. C, February' 14 and 15, 1865; 
 Congaree Creek, S. C, February 15, 1865; 
 Saluda Creek, S. C, February 16, 1865; Co- 
 lumbia, S. C, February 17, 1865; Fayelteville, 
 N. ('., March 13, 1865; Bentonville, N. C, 
 March 19, 1865. 
 
 The membership of the Fifteenth was 2 371, 
 and its losses 337, as follows: Killed in action, 
 2 officers and 48 men; I offi'ccr and 18 
 men dicl of wounds; and of ilisease, 4 officers 
 and 264 tnen. 
 
 SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 The Seventeenth, the celebrated -'Stone- 
 wall's regiment," was rendezvoused at Detroit. 
 The foregoing roster of regiments will show a 
 large number of enlistments from Monroe. Tiio 
 organization of the regiment was commenced 
 by (.'olonel Charles F. Pitman, of Detroit, 
 whose excellent drill and discipline enabled 
 
570 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 the roifiment to leave for tlu' front in :i very 
 creditahle condition. It left Miclii^'an for 
 Washington August 27, 18G2. with a force on 
 its rolls of 982 officers and men, in command 
 of Colonel William H. Withiug-ton, who had a 
 short time before been commissioned as its 
 commanding officer, and Constant Luce, of 
 Monroe, as lieutenant colonel, and William E. 
 Duffield, of Monroe, second lieutenant of Com- 
 pany C. 
 
 The regiment was attached to the First 
 brigade, First division, Ninth corps, and imme- 
 diately sent into the Maryland campaign with 
 (ieneral McClellan, and in little more than t«o 
 weeks after it left the State, was fiercely en- 
 gaged in the hotly contested action of South 
 Mountain, on September 14, 1862, whence it 
 emerged with a loss of twenty-seven killed and 
 one hundred and fourteen wounded. Among 
 the wounded on the 24th at Antietam, was 
 Lieutenant William E. Duffield, of Monroe, 
 who ilied from his wounds, at Frederick (Uty, 
 Md., the following October. 
 
 The Seventeenth had engaged the enemy 
 while in service at South Mountain, Md., Septem- 
 ber 14, 1802 ; Antietam, Md., September 17, 1862; 
 Fredericksburg, Va., December 12, 13, 14, 1862 ; 
 siege of Vicksburg, Miss., June 22 to July 4, 
 1863 ; Jackson, Miss., July 11 to 18, 1863 ; Blue 
 Spring, Tenn., (October 10, 1863; London, 
 Tenn., November 14, 1863; Leuoire Station, 
 Tenn., November 15, 1863; Campbell's Sta- 
 tion, Tenn., November 16, 1863 : siege of Knox- 
 ville, Tenn., November 17 to December 5, 1863; 
 Thurley's Ford, Tcun., December 15, 1863; 
 Fort Saunders, Tenn., November 29, 1863; 
 Strawberry Plains, Tenn., January 22, 1864; 
 Wilderness,' Va., May 5, 6 and 7, 1864; Ny 
 River, Va., May 9, 1864; Spott.sylvania, Va., 
 May 10, 11, 12, 1864; North Anna, Va., May 
 
 24, 1864; Bethesda Church, Va., June 2, 3, 
 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 7, 1864; Peters- 
 bui'g, Va., June 17, 18, 1864, the Crater, Va., 
 July 30, 1864; Weldon R. R., Va., August 19, 
 21, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., August 25, 1864; 
 Poplar Spring Church, Va., September 30, 1864; 
 Pegram Farm, October 2, 1864 ; Boydton Road, 
 Va., October 8, 1864; Hatcher's Run., Va., Oc- 
 tober 27, 28, 1864; Port Steedman, Va., March 
 
 25, 1865 ; capture of Petersburg, Va., April 3, 
 18(!5; siege of Petcrsl)urg, Va., from June 17, 
 186t, to April 3, 1865. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH AND TWENTY-KOIIRTH REGIMENTS. 
 
 The regiment had a membership of 1,1*79, 
 its losses were 283, of which 3 officers and 
 89 men were killed in action, 4 officers and 
 35 men died of wounds, and 152 of disease. 
 
 The President of the United States called. 
 July 2, 1862, for " 300,000 more," 11,686 being 
 the quota for Michigan. 
 
 The Eighteenth and Twenty-fourth Regi- 
 ments were apportioned to Congressional Dis- 
 tricts under order of July 15, 1862, and the re- 
 cruiting of same w'as confined exclusively to 
 its own district. 
 
 The Eighteenth was assigned to I he First Dis- 
 trict, to be recruited in the counties of Hills, 
 dale, Lenawee and Monroe, while Wayne, the 
 other county of the District, undertook to 
 raise the Twenty-fourth Regiment in addition. 
 
 The rendezvous of the Eighteenth was at 
 Hillsdale, and for the purpose of organization 
 was placed in charge of the Hon. Henry Wal- 
 dron. 
 
 The field and staff officers were: Colonel, 
 Charles C. Doolittle, of Hillsdale. Those from 
 Monroe— lieutenant-colonel, George Spalding; 
 adjutant, John C. Whipple. Company H, of 
 said regiment, in command of Captain Richard 
 P. lugersoll, of Dundee; first lieutenant, Albeit 
 II. Babcock, of Dundee. Company Iv, of same 
 regiment, in command of Captain John J. 
 Stevens, of Monroe ; first lieutenant, Henry D. 
 Spaulding; second lieutenant, Henry E. I-Illiot, 
 of Monroe. 
 
 The i-ecruiting of this regiment commenced 
 July 15, 1862, and on the 26th of August was 
 mustered into the service of the United States, 
 leaving Hillsdale with 1,002 officers and men 
 on the rolls, in command of Colonel Doolittle, 
 on the 4th of September, with orders to report 
 at Cincinnati. 
 
 This regiment participated, with great credit 
 to itself and honor to the State of Michigan, 
 with the enemy at Danville, liy., February 24, 
 1863; Pond Springs, Ala., June 28, 1864 ; Cur- 
 tis Wells, Ala., June 24, 1864; Courtland, Ala., 
 July 25, 1864; Athens, Ala., September 24, 
 1864; Decatur, Ala., October 24 and November 
 2S. 1864. 
 
 The Eighteenth had carried on its rolls 1,374 
 officers and men, and had lost 310, of which 1 1 
 men were killed in action, 2 men died of 
 wounds, and 297 of disea.se. 
 
THE WAR OF THE REBEI.I.tOX. 
 
 -.71 
 
 The discipline, orderly deportment and lii^h 
 character of both officers and men were highly 
 appreciated at Nasliville, Tenn., by Andrew 
 .lolinson, and became his trusted regiment in 
 tlie administration of affairs in tliat eit3% 
 
 Tlic tigblinfT qualities, discipline, efficiency 
 and fine cultivation of the Eighteenth were 
 proverbial tliroughout the department of the 
 Cumberland, and its inspection never failed to 
 demand and receive the fullest commendations 
 of inspecting officers, wbo uniformly referred 
 to it as an example worthy of following. 
 
 FIl rll MIcniG.AX CAVALRY 
 
 Was well represented by enlistments from 
 .Monroe county, in command of fieneral (ieorge 
 Armstrong ("uster, for whoso biography the 
 reader is referred to page 319. A portion of 
 his staff thi-ough the war of the Eebcllion, se- 
 lc(te<l from the city of Monroe, are mentioned 
 in the official reports in the highest terms of 
 commendation and praise for their brave, fear- 
 loss and soldier-like qualities througli the nu- 
 merous campaigns, viz.: Captain Jacob L. 
 Greene, for whose biography the reader is re- 
 ferred to page 352, J/ieutenant Frederick A. 
 Nims. Lieutenant James Christiancy and Cap- 
 tain James G. McHridc. 
 
 During the service of (ieneral Custer's 
 brigade it was engaged with the enemy 
 at Hanover, Va., June 30, 1863; Hunt- 
 (M-sto«n, Penn., July 2, 1863; Gettysburg, 
 Pcnn., July 3, 1863; Monterey, Md.; 
 July 4, 1863; Cavetown, Aid , July 5, 1863., 
 Smithtown, Md , July 6, 1863; Boonsborough, 
 Md.,July 6, 1863; Hagerstown Md., July 6, 
 1863; Williamsport, Md.July 6, 1863; Boonsbo- 
 rough, Md., July 8, 1863; Hagerstown, Md., 
 July 10, 1862; Williamsport, Md., July 10, 
 1863; Falling Waters, Md., July 14, 1863; 
 Snicker's Gap, Va., July 19, 1863; Kelley's 
 Ford, Va., September 13, 1863; Culpepper 
 Court Hou.se, Va., September 14, 1863; Rac- 
 coon Ford, Va., September 16, 1863; White's 
 Ford, Va., September 21, 1863; Jack's Shop, 
 \'si., September 26, 1863; James <'ity, Va., Oc- 
 tober 9, 10, 1863; Brandy Station, Va., October 
 11, 1863; Buckland's Mills, Va., October 19, 
 1.S63; Stevcnsburg, Va., November 19, 1863; 
 Morton's Ford, Va., November 26, 1863: Rich- 
 mond, Va., March 1, 1864,; Wilderness, Xii., 
 .May (i and 7, 1864; Beaver Dam Station, Va., 
 May 9, 1864; Yellow Tavern, Va., May 10, 
 
 and II, 1864; Meadow Bridge, Va., May 12, 
 18(i4; MiUbnl, Va., May 27, 1S64; Hawes 
 Shop, Va., May 28, 1864; Baltimore X Roads, 
 Va., May 29, 1S64; Cold Harbor Va., May 30, 
 and June 1, 1864; Trevilian Slnlion, \'a., June 
 11 and 12, 1S(J4; Cold Harbor, ^•a., J uly 21, 
 1864; Winchester, Va., August 1 1. 1865 ; Front 
 Royal, Va., August 16, 18()4; Lectown, \a., 
 August 25, 1864; She])ardstown, Va , .\ugust 
 25,1864; Smithfield, Va., August 29. 1864; 
 Bcrryville, Va., Septemljcr 3,1864; Summit, 
 Va., September 4, 1864; Opequan, Va., Sep- 
 tember 19, 1864: Winchestei-, Xn., September 
 19,1864; Luray, Va., September 24, 1864; Port 
 Republic, Va., July 26, 27 and 28, 1864 ; Mount 
 Crawford, Va., October 2, 1864; Woodstock, 
 Va., October 9, 1864; Cedar Creek, Va., Octo- 
 ber 19, 1864; Madison Court House, Va., De- 
 cember 24, 1864; Louisa Court House, Va., 
 March 8, 1865; Five I'orks, A'a , March 30, 31 
 and April 1, 1865; South Side R. R., Va., 
 April 2, 1865; Duck Rond Mills, Va., April 
 4 1865; Ridge's, or Sailor's Creek, A'a , April 
 6, 1865 ; A])ponialtox Court House, Va., April 
 8 and 9, 1865 ; Willow Springs, Dakota T., Au- 
 gust 12, 1S65. 
 
 GK.VXI) .\R.MY OF THE REPUBLIC AND AUX- 
 ILIARY ORGANIZATION'."^. 
 
 The patriotism of Monroe county is perpetu- 
 ated by the following organizations of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic : 
 
 Dundee-William Bell Post, No. 10. 
 
 Monroe — Jo.seph R. Smith Post, No. 76. 
 
 Carlelon— Perry Baker Post, No. 200. 
 
 Milan — Lucius Taylor I'ost, No. 274. 
 
 Petersburgh — Morgan I'arker Post, No. 281. 
 
 In these posts three hundred and fifty-three 
 old "vets" "rally around colors'' that in 1861 
 to 1865, with red cheeks, wavy brown hair, 
 steps firm and eyes bright, with heads erect, 
 marched past the mustering officer and were 
 sworn into the United States service. Then in 
 the flush of healthy manhood thej' went to the 
 front; now some of them look into the glass 
 and behold the wrinkled brow, the dim eyes, 
 gray hairs, sunken cheeks, and tui-n away 
 finding themselves feeling, walking and look- 
 ing like old men. We see them all as they 
 march proudl3- away under the flaunting flags, 
 keei)ing time to the wild, grand music of war, 
 marching down the streets of great cities, 
 through the towns and aci-oss the prairies 
 
)72 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 — down [u the field of gloiy, to do and die, if 
 need be, that there sliall be no dishonor on the 
 flag of their eountry. We go with them in the 
 eamp and bivouac, on the weary marehes and 
 gory fields, in the prisons of hatred and fam- 
 ine, and see the remnant of them return to the 
 bosom of their families in the land they helped 
 make free, and under the flag they helped 
 keep stainless. 
 
 Auxiliary to this gi'and arnn* of veterans to 
 whom we owe so much, we find the Woman's 
 Relief Corps: Dundee W. R. C, No. 11. Milan 
 W. R. C, Mo. 1 16, and Joseph R. Smith W. R. C., 
 No. 150, with a total membership of OS ladies. 
 Also the Sons of A'eterans: Dundee. Thunias 
 W. Palmer Camp, No. 125; Moni'oe, John J. 
 Stephens Camp, No. 136; Milan, Edward P. 
 Allen Camp, No. 137, having a total member- 
 ship of 114 young men. 
 
 William Hell, a private in Company I, Sev- 
 enth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, enlisted 
 September 4, 1861, and was wounded in both 
 feet at the battle of Antietam, September 17, 
 1862, and honorably discharged, his right leg 
 being amputated November 3, 1862, after 
 which he returned to Dundee, where he died 
 March 30, 1874. From him William Bell Post, 
 No. 10, (i. A. R,, was named, and received a 
 charter granted liy the Department of Michi- 
 gan, October 0, 1870, on which date it was 
 mustered, with eleven charter membi'rs, by 
 (Comrade Daniel W. Sawyer, assistant adjutant 
 general, with the following officers : 
 
 Post Commander, Edward Gray ; Senior 
 Vice Commander, A. Glenn ; Junior Vice 
 Commander, Peter Clark ; Quartermaster, H. 
 
 A. Stewart ; Surgeon, J. W. Mason ; Chaplain, 
 M. Langtoii ; OiWcer of the Day, N.J. Carney ; 
 Officer of the Guard, Jerome B. Galloway ; 
 Adjutant, S. B. Rowell; Sentinel. James H. 
 (.'assidy ; Guard, B. C. Munger. 
 
 The membership has increased to 115, and 
 meetings arc held every alternate Wednesday 
 evening. The office of Post Comnjander has 
 been held by Edward Gray, 1879-1880; Sidney 
 
 B. Rowell, 1881; Augustus Glenn, 1882; Sid- 
 ney B. Rowell, 1883; Ramus B. Davis, 1884- 
 1885; Justus S. Wilkerson, 1886; Nathaniel 
 Xewcll, 1887 ; David C. Spears, 1888. 
 
 I'or 1889 the officers wei-e : Commander, H. 
 A. Stewart; Senior Vice Commander, James 
 
 Knowles ; Junior Vice Commander, John Rod ; 
 Chaplain, Rev. ('. W. Cai'rick ; (^uartermastci-, 
 I!. I>. l>avis: Officer of (iuard, James Yan- 
 .\'est ; Officer of the Day. M. V. Fox; Surgeon, 
 l>r. (i. W. Jackson; Adjutant, Truman Gee. 
 
 At a meeting of the ex-soldiers of Monroe, 
 held at Eloral City Lodge Rooms, in Eaton 
 Block, thirty-two applicants, armed with their 
 honorable discharges from the service of the 
 United States during the War of the Rebel- 
 lion, presented themselves as jjroper material 
 from which to start a post of the G. A. R. 
 Colonel Smith, of the regular army, was an 
 old resident of Monroe, and in honor of him 
 the name of Joseph R. Smith Post, No. 7(i, 
 was chosen. The comrades selected the fol- 
 lowing officers, who were dulj^ installed by O. 
 A. James, from C. J. Dickerson Post, No. 6, of 
 Hillsdale, he having been detailed by Depart- 
 ment Headquarters as mustering officer : 
 
 Commander, S. W. Curtis, late major Seventh 
 Michigan A'olunteer Infantrj-; Senior Vice 
 Commander, Constant Luce, late colonel Sev- 
 enteenth Michigan Volunteer Infantry ; Junior 
 V^ice Commander, Egbert Webb, late first ser- 
 geant, Filth Michigan (Custer's) Cavalry; 
 Adjutant, W. H. Beisel, late lieutenant Com- 
 jiany K, Eighteenth Michigan Volunteer In- 
 fantry; (Quartermaster, Theodore Kirchmeier, 
 late private, Company C, One Ifundred and 
 Thirtieth (3hio Volunteer Infantry; Surgeon, 
 Job C. Eaton, late lieutenant Compan}- K. 
 Eleventh Michigan Volunteer Infantry; Chap- 
 lain, I. R. Grosvenor, late colonel Seventh 
 Volunteer Infantry; Officer of the Day, F. A. 
 Nims, late lieutenant Company C, Fifth Mich- 
 igan Volunteer Infantry ; Officer of the Giiaivi, 
 W^illiam G. Ross, late lieutenant Compaii}- I, 
 Eleventh Michigan Volunteer Infantry; Ser- 
 geant Major, J. J. Hubble, late private. Com- 
 pany F, First Michi^'an \'ohinteer Infantry; 
 (Quartermaster Sergeant, D. II. Norris, late 
 private of Company I, Eleventh Michigan Vol- 
 unteer Infantry ; and twenty-one comrades, as 
 follows: J. D. Ronan, Thomas R. Shirk, 
 George Haag, William F. Haight, W. C. Brown, 
 H. A. Austin, F. Benderritter, Thomas L. Sed- 
 elbauer, J. F. Wagner, Warren Lenox, Burton 
 Parker, George D. Paul, C. F. Gruner, Fred 
 Beck, F. X. Soleau, George B. DeLong, J. P. 
 
THE WAR OF TIIK KKnF.LMON. 
 
 Hot, Fro.l Sjiatl.. .1. II. WicklittV. .lohn Jack- 
 son. jr., and J. A. Wagner. 
 
 The meetings ai-e held altornale Monday 
 evenings, and one hiindreil and thirteen eoni- 
 rades in good standing are on the ro.ster. The 
 ]iost of Comniander has heen held by the fol- 
 lowing comrades: S. W. Curtis, 18S2; Con- 
 stant Luce, 1883; .1. I). Uonan, 188-1 ; William 
 11. Bcisel, 1885: (Jeorge Spaulding, 188(j ; Bur- 
 t..n I'j'.rker, 1887; William F. Ilaight, 1888. 
 
 For 188!t the officers were: Comnuuuler, 
 I'rank Canx : Senior A'ice Commander, Charles 
 !,. I'eck ; Junior \'ico Commander. Frank 
 Bcnderrittcr: .\djutant, Alex. T. Navarro; 
 • ^'tiartermaster, (ieorge B Deljong; Surgeon, 
 .lob C. Eaton; Cha])lain, Joseph Huber; Offi- 
 cer of tlie Day, William Hagan ; Officer of the 
 Guard, St. (^"lair Durocher: Sergeant Major, 
 Fi-ank Nelson ; '^uarterniaster Sergeant, I'jgbert 
 
 Webb. 
 
 i.KKi.mas. 
 
 In the fall of 1883 the veterans of Carletou 
 and vicinity came to the conclusion to organ- 
 ize a post of the (irand army of the Repub- 
 lic, which was done November 15, 1883, the 
 acting chief mustering officer being Major A. 
 M. Holt, of Fairbaidcs Post. No. 17, Detroit. 
 Fourteen comrades answered to the roll for 
 muster on the fii'st night, and selected the 
 name of William F. Sherman, but on receiving 
 their number, 2(10, general orders compelled 
 a change in the name, and to select one of the 
 dead. Accordingly it was named Perry Baker, 
 after a resident of Ash. who in September, 1861, 
 enlisted in Com])any A, Fourth Michigan \'ol- 
 unleer Infantr\', ami during the seven daj's 
 tight on the Peninsula in 18G2 was captured, 
 and died in pri.son at Belle Isle. The officers 
 at the organization of I'erry Baker Post, No. 
 200, were as follows: 
 
 ('onimander, .lohn I'. Wallace, Co. G, 7tli 
 O. ('. : Senior Vice Commander, Jeremiah 
 llyall, .Vdmiral Porter's Flag Ship, -Siren:" 
 .lunior Vice Commander, Ilulbert Spicer, Co. 
 H, 121th N. Y. II. A.: Adjutant, Edward J. 
 Warner, Co. E, Isl Mich. C. ; Surgeon, Fred- 
 erick Bullin, Co. B, 47th O. V. I. ; (^larter- 
 niasler, Reuben T. Hause, Co. D. 44lh III. V. I.; 
 Chaplain, Joseph B. Crane, Co. I, 11th Mich. 
 V. I.; Officer of the Day. John F. Baker, Co. 
 A, 4th Mich. V. I.; Officer of the Guard, Peter 
 Batway, Co. (J, 24tli Mich. V. I.; Sergeant 
 Major, Thomas Adam.s. Co. D, llth Mich. V. I. ; 
 
 • I'uartermaslcr .Sergeant, Charles I'. Kent/., Co. 
 
 E. 12i)th N. V. V. I.; Color Sergeant. Charles 
 W. Hordine. Co. .\, 28th Mich. V. I. : Inner 
 Sentinel, Janus Coif: Co. C, 17lh Midi. V. I.; 
 Outer Guard. I'elir Culcher. Co. II. II 1th 
 O. V. 1. 
 
 These conii-ades have held the fort until they 
 now number forty six members, with the fol- 
 lowing oHiciis: Post Commander, John F. 
 Baker: Senior \'ice Commander, Levi Clark: 
 .lunior \'i(e Commander, Charles W. Bordine; 
 Adjutant, .lidin P. Wallace; Surgeon, M. L. 
 Baker: (^lartermaster, Edward Baker; (Jhap- 
 lain, C. .M. Baker: Officer of the Day, George 
 II. Post: Officer of the Guard, Peter ('utchor ; 
 Sergeant Major, F. M. Ballen ; (Quartermaster 
 Sergeant. l-"rank I'oborts; (iuard,.lo.seph Bran- 
 clieau: Si-ntiiiel, Hiram Johnson; Color .Ser- 
 geant, Solomon liaker. 
 
 The commanders of the Post have been: 
 John B. Wallace, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886 : (ieorge 
 H. Post, 1887: Isaac Biddlecoinb, 1888; John 
 
 F. Baker, 188!l. 
 
 Regular musters are lieltl on the first and 
 third Saturdays of each month. 
 
 .MILAN. 
 
 September 22, 1884, Comra<les Hampton and 
 Holt, of l-"airbaiiks Post, No. 17, Detroit, mus- 
 tered twenty-nine charter members into Lucius 
 'I'avlor Post. No. 274. with the following 
 officers : 
 
 Post (,'onimander, Jerome .\llen: Senior 
 Vice Commander. Daniel (.'ase; Junior Vice 
 Comntander, Lorenzo A.Hitchcock: Surgeon, 
 James Blackmer; Chaplain, Morris Vincent; 
 (^uarternwister, Andrew D. Jackson ; Officer of 
 the Da}', Jose])h Gauntlett; Officer of the 
 Guard. Carlos Allen; Adjutant, Nathan C. 
 Putnam: Sergeant Major, Herbert II. Taylor: 
 (Quartermaster Sergeant, Wesley Robison. 
 
 The meetings are held on the first and third 
 Wednesday evenings, of the month, and niem- 
 bershi]j fifty. The rank of Commander has 
 been hidd by the following comrades; Jei-ome 
 Allen, 1SS4-1.S85: Andrew D. Jackson, isstj- 
 1887: Wesley Kobison, 1888-1889. 
 
 The officers for 188!l were: Commandei-, 
 Wesley Robison; Senior Vice Commander,!'. 
 T. Buxton: Juinor -Vice Commander, H. 
 Hooker; (,)iiartermaster, l>aniel Case: Clia|i- 
 lain, Rev. .1. Huntington; Surgeon, (.'hester 
 Daniels; Officer of the Day, John Steidle ; Offi- 
 cer of the Guard, E. H. Davis. 
 
574 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 I'ETEli.SIsrRGlI. 
 
 Morgan Parker Post, No. 281, G. A. I!., lo- 
 cittod at Potersbur<>li, was mustered the third 
 day of October, 1884, by Comrade Ramus B. 
 IJavis, Post Coiiimaiider of William Bell Post, 
 So. 10, of l>iiii<lce. startiui;- out with eighteen 
 inember.s on its muster roll. I\. !!. Kirby was 
 chosen Coniniander, which rank he held during 
 the balance of the year, and during the 3'ear 
 1885. It has since Itecn held by Horace Bren- 
 ningstall, 1886; Isaac Faunec, 1887; James 
 Ousterhout, 1888 ; and for 1889, with forty-five 
 members on the roll, and meeting alternate 
 Saturdays evenings the otfieers were: Post 
 Commandci-, II. II. Kirby; Senior A^iee 
 Commander, Isaac Faunce ; Junior Vice Com- 
 mander, E. H. Cornwell; Surgeon, A. Bren- 
 ningstall; Chaplain, Rev. D. A. Curtis; Quar- 
 ternia.ster, l)aniel Fisher; Officer of the Day, 
 (I.e. Sayre; Officer of the Guard, J. A. Bol- 
 ster ; Adjutant, Horace J. Brenningstall. 
 
 AVOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS. 
 
 The efforts to organize a Woman's Relief 
 Corps in Dundee auxiliary to William Bell 
 Post, No. 10, G. A. R., culminated May 8, 1884, 
 in the formation of W. R. C. No. 11, with 
 twent3'-six ladies enrolled as members, and was 
 the first Relief Corps mustered by Mrs. Hamp- 
 ton, now Past National President. She, being 
 assisted by Mrs. Moore, Conductor of Corps 
 No. 10, of Detroit, installed the following offi. 
 cers ; President, Mrs. Mattie D. Smith ; Senior 
 Vice President, Mrs. Martha Jackson ; Junior 
 Xice President, Mrs. Sarah A. Bell ; Secretary, 
 Mrs. Clara Chite ; Treasurer, Mrs. Amy J. 
 McBride; Chaplain, Mrs. Anna M. Kenj'on ; 
 Conductor, Miss Rita Boll ; Guard, Miss Susie 
 Mugg. The meetings are held on the first and 
 third Tuesdays in the month, and membership 
 has increased to fifty-seven. The office of Pres- 
 ident has been held by the following ladies: 
 Mrs. Mattie D. Smith, 1884-1885; Mrs. .Sarah 
 J. Ma.son, 188G; Mrs. Augusta Davis, 1887; 
 Mrs. Mattie D. Smith, 1888; Mrs. Augusta 
 Davis, 1889. For 1889 the officers were: 
 President, Mrs. Augusta Davis; Senior A^ice 
 President, Mrs. Mattie D. Smith; Junior Vice 
 President, Mrs. Nancy Spaulding; Secretary, 
 Mrs. Kliza Slayton ; Treasurer, Mrs. Julia 
 Drew; Chaplain. Mrs. Helen Currick ; Conduc- 
 
 tor, Mrs. Mar}- A, Stewart; Guard, Ijibbio 
 Tjockwood; Assistant Conductor, Susie Deitor; 
 Assistant Guard, Sarah Casey; Organist, Mary 
 Hunt. 
 
 MILAN. 
 
 On June 23, 1887, the ladies of Milan held a 
 meeting in Marble's Hall for the purpose of 
 forming a Woman's Relief Corps Auxiliary to 
 Lucius Taylor Post, No. 274, and selected the 
 following officers : President, Mrs. Libbie 
 Case; Senior Vice President, Mrs. Hattie Vin- 
 cent; Junior Vice President, Mrs. Sarah R. 
 Whaley; Secretary-, Mrs. Rachel F. Robison ; 
 Treasurer, Mrs. Francis A. Jackson ; Conduc- 
 tor, Mrs. Ellen H.Taylor; Assistant Conduc- 
 tor, Mrs. Delia Allen; Guard, Mrs. Nellie 
 Whaley; Assistant Guard, Mrs. Emma Gaunt- 
 Ictt; Chaplain, Mrs. Hattie Davis — who were 
 duly installed and W. R. C. No. 116 fully or- 
 ganized by Mrs. Sarah A. Plummei*, Depart- 
 ment President. 
 
 The meetings are held on the second and 
 fourth Wednesday afternoons of each month, 
 the menbership being twenty. Mrs. Libbie 
 Case held the office of President until the Do 
 cember election of 1888, when the following 
 officers foi- 1889 were chosen: President, Mrs. 
 Wesley Robinson ; Senior Vice President, Mrs. 
 F. M. Throop; Junior Vice President, Mrs. 
 William Whaley ; Secretary, Mrs. H.A.Tay- 
 lor; Treasurer, Mrs. Daniel Case ; Conductor, 
 Mrs. Charles Davis; Assistant Conductor, Mrs. 
 William H. Whaley; C.uxplain, .Mrs. Hiram 
 Jackson; Guard, Mrs. E. H. Davis; Assistant 
 Guard, Mrs. J. H. Brownell. 
 
 Woman's Relief Corps No. 150, auxiliary to 
 Joseph R. Smith Post, No. 76, G. A. R., was 
 organized June 22, 1888, by Mrs. Louisa A. 
 Robbins, Department President, a.ssisted by 
 Phebe H. Curtis, Department Tre.isurer, both 
 of Adrian, Michigan. Eighteen ladies appearetl 
 to answer to their names as charter members, 
 and the following officers elected and installed : 
 President, Lizzie K. Austin; Senior Vice 
 President, Eliza Wende ; Junior Vice Presi- 
 dent, Maria Caux; Secretary, Lu H. Wagner; 
 Treasurer, Sarah A. Peck; Chaplain, Mary L. 
 Norman; Conductor, Ada Roberts; Guard, 
 Mary Benderritter ; Assistant Conductor, Sarah 
 Whipple ; Assistant Guard, E. S. Carlisle. 
 
 The last report showed twenty-one ladies on 
 
THE WAR OK line UlilJIil.I.ION. 
 
 their roll. For l.S8i) tlio oftictTs rcinaiiu'il llic 
 same willi the oxeeption of .liuiior Vice Presi- 
 dent and Assistant Conduclor, the former being 
 held by Pai-raelia Mitchell, and the latter by 
 I'aniiie Webb. The Corps meet each alternule 
 Mondaj' evening, in Eaton Hall. 
 
 SONS OF VETERANS. 
 
 To aid the veterans, and to do. as far as'pos- 
 siblc, the work that they have been doing, after 
 they have passed away, is formed another 
 order, for which the " old boys," as a rule, have 
 a warm side, and works in unison with the 
 G. A. R. \ evy a|iproi>riately is it named. 
 
 Ul'NDKK. 
 
 Thomas W. i'almor ("amp, .No. 12."), Division 
 of .Michigan, was mustered March ."), 1888, by 
 Frederick A. Rogers, with the following offi- 
 cers: Captain, W. \V. |)rew; First Lieuten- 
 ant, F. E. Fleming; Second Lieutenant, Henry 
 Hunkleman; Chaplain, Oscar McBride ; F'ii-st 
 Sergeant, George H, Fnlver; Quartermaster 
 Sergeant, Fred A. (ice; Coloi' Sei'geant, Henry 
 J. Burton; Sergeant of tlie (iuard. 1'' rank Par- 
 ker: Principal Musician, Charles Carrick ; 
 (,'orpoi'al of the Guard, Alonzo Squires; Cam]) 
 (iuard, George Newel ; Picket (tuard, Charles 
 (Jalloway — and thirty-three privates. Their 
 meetings are held on alternate Wednesday 
 evenings, and membership increased to tifty- 
 four. 
 
 .MONROE. 
 
 Jolin .]. Ste|)hens Camp, No. 130, with rank 
 from June 2.5. LS88, was organized with twenty- 
 four charter members, by Captain \V. W. 
 Drew, of Thomas W. Palinei' Camp, No. 12."), 
 detailed for that purpose by colonel command- 
 ing the Division of Michigan. The officers 
 were: Captain, (ieorge J. Smith (whose 
 father was Sergeant Co. 15, 9th Mich. V. F.) ; 
 First liieutenant, Frank M. Olmstead (father. 
 Sergeant Co. F, 11th Ky. Cav.) ; Second Lieu- 
 tenant, William .\. Gibson (father, Co. .\, 4th 
 Mich. V. 1.); Camp Council, Hal Iv Stevens 
 (father, Captain Co. K, 18th Mich. V. I.), 
 Marvin Cousino (father, Co. K, 8th Mich. Cav.) 
 and Charles T. Southworlh (father. Surgeon 
 isth Mich. V. L); Cha])lain, George L. An- 
 dcregg (father, Co. A, 11th Mich. V. L); First 
 Sergeant, Henry Wci.'s (father. Co, A, 4th 
 Mich. \. I.); Color Sergeant, Edward Hicking 
 (father, Co. A, llth Mich. V. 1.); (^lartcrmas- 
 cr Sergeant, George (i. Beck (father. Co. F. 
 
 4tli .Mich. Cav.); Chief .Musician, Fred Fuller 
 (father Co. L :!d Mich. Cav.) ; Sergeant of the 
 (iuard, George D. Gintlor; Camp (ruard, .lolui 
 W. Haag (father, Co. (i, 8th N. Y. Cav.); 
 W illiam Sedelbauer (fatlier, Co. K, 15th Picket 
 (iuard, Mich. V. F). 
 
 The present membershi|) is thirty, and meet- 
 ings alternate Wednesday evenings. The offi- 
 cers for lS-<9 were : Captain, AAHlliam .\. Gib- 
 son ; l-'irsl [lieutenant. Frank M. Olmstead; 
 Second Lieutenant, Edward Wagner; Camj) 
 Council, Fdward Hicking, Charles T, South- 
 worth ami .lesse Dusseau; Chaplain, (reorge 
 Andereg;,'; First Sergeant, Sidney Katon ; 
 Color SiTgcanl, Henry Anderegg: (Quartermas- 
 ter Sei-geant, Charles Fuller; Chief ^Iiisi. 
 cian. Fred Fuller; Sergeant of the Guanl, 
 Merrill K. Webb; Corjioral of the (iuard, 
 IFal I''. Stevens; Camp (iuanl, I'lrasiiis Sjiath ; 
 Picket Guard, Allen Haskell, 
 
 Mil. AS. 
 
 Kdward I', Allen Camp, No. 137, was mus- 
 tered .lune 30, 1888, by Captain W. W. Drew, 
 from Thomas W. Palmer Cam]), .\o. 125, of 
 Dundee, with the following charter members; 
 Captain, (ieorge F, House : First Lieutenant, 
 (ieorge Whaley ; Second Lieutenant. Aba 
 Rich : ( 'lia])lain, Clark I'^ilcher ; First Sergeant, 
 Charles II. I'obison ; Sergeant of the (iuai-d, 
 Frank .lackson; Color Sergeant. Herbert 
 JJrownell: (-'or])oral of the (iuard, Charles 
 Taylor; Cam]) Guard, Alfred (.'rolieus; Picket 
 (iuard, Norman Bliss; Principal Mu.sician, 
 William H. Whaley; (Quartermaster Sei-geanI, 
 Arthur Sloan — and Privates Arthur Dei.,a- 
 Force, Charles Davis, (ieorge Johnson, Charles 
 King, .lames Pullen, Charles Steidle, Albert 
 Steidle. .Mbert Smith, ,\r(len Vealey. The 
 membership lias increased to tiiirtA'. aiul 
 nights of meeting on the second and 
 fourth Tuesday evenings of the month. 
 The officers for 1S80 were: Captain, (ieorge 
 Whaley ; First Fiientenant, Charles H. IJob- 
 ison ; Second l.ieutenant, Charles ,\. Taylor: 
 Camp Council, Charles Davis, I'rank ,l()liii>ioii, 
 Arden \'ealej'. 
 
 NATIONAL (ilAKI), MIClIKiAN .^TATE 
 TKO( )P8. 
 
 The citizen soldier has a rejircseiitative in the 
 
 MONIJOE I.KlllT GIAims. 
 
 Jn Se])lember, 1870, the Wdrkingmeii's Soci- 
 ety held a festival at the grove in lionor of 
 
■o i b 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Alexander Huiiiboklt, and the military discip- 
 iiie with which the parade was conducted 
 stirred the ardor of some of the citizens, and 
 suggested the organization of a militia com- 
 pany, which materialized on the evening of 
 September 23d, by foi-f^' six enrolling them- 
 selves as members of tlie Monroe Light 
 Guards, and electing Charles F. Grunei', Cap- 
 tain : Fred Beck, First Lieutenant; and John 
 A. Wagner, Second Lieutenant. The roster 
 had the names of 
 
 Anderegg, John. Loeffler, Martin. 
 
 Acker, William. Miller, J. L. 
 
 Angerer, Cliarles. Mann, J. IL 
 
 Altenios, Jacob. Meyer, Charles. 
 
 Jianke, Fred. Mohr, Nicholas. 
 
 Kicking, John. Meyer, C. 
 
 Bab, Mathevv. Messerle, Christian. 
 
 Boehn, Christopher. Olir, George. 
 Bramlich, Augustus. l^upp, George. 
 Ealcr, Henry. Eeinhard, Conrad. 
 
 Falk, Andrew. Boeder, Jacob. 
 
 FVei, Christian. Rnpp, Adam. 
 
 Friesbauer, Fred. iludolph, George. 
 
 Grob, Christopher. Streif, Christoither. 
 
 Gruher, Henry. Stoeckert, William. 
 
 Gaensler, John. Sedelbauer, John L. 
 
 Hoerner, Fred. Schneider, Philip. 
 
 Haag, George. Spath, Fred. 
 
 Kronbach, M. Sturn, John. 
 
 Kronbach, Adam. Wagner, Adam. 
 
 Ivrenchauf, (\ Weiss, George. 
 
 Krueger, William. Zimmerman, Joseph. 
 
 Lieutenant Beck objected to being mustered 
 into the State Militia and resigned, his place 
 being tilled by George Rupjj, and December 
 29, 1870, the Guards were mustered into State 
 service by Adjutant-General John Eobertson 
 (it being the fiJlh conijjany mustered into ser- 
 vice), and was assigned as Company F, First 
 Eegiment, Michigan State Troops. May 19, 
 1876, the Stale ^froops were divided into three 
 regiments, and the Light Guards were assigned 
 as Company 1), First Regiment. July 3, 1885, 
 they received their present assignment as 
 Com])any G, P"'ourth Eegiment. During the 
 nineteen jHiars in which the Company has had 
 an existence it has been called out but once to 
 preserve the peace, and then, although not put 
 into active service, the prompt response of its 
 members showed that the Guards were not 
 merely holiday play soldiers. At 9 p. m., July 
 24, 1877, during the railroad strike at Jackson, 
 
 ■ the Captain received a telegram from Adjutant" 
 (jeneral Eobertson to take the first train for 
 the front, and the first train actually carried 
 fif^y-Jow i"^^" out of fifty-five on the roll of the 
 Companj-. Fortunately the company were not 
 called into action, but the prompt response 
 showed that in cases of emergencj^ the Guards 
 could be depended upon to do their duty. 
 
 As the membership was largely, at first, made 
 up of those of Teutonic descent, tiie by-laws 
 were printed and records kept in the German 
 language, until in 1875 the Company "angli- 
 cized" and became a thoroughly American 
 compan)'. At first all the supjiort the Com- 
 pany received from the State was the old 
 " Springfield," which after a few \ears were 
 superseded by the " Sharps" rifie, and in 1887 
 this in turn gave waj- to their present equip- 
 ment, the "Improved Springfield." At the 
 outset, nothing but arms being furnished hy 
 the State, the members provided their own 
 uniform, which consisted of the cavalry fatigue 
 caj), jacket and pants with the trimming taken 
 oft". Two 3'ears later it was changed to the 
 regulation uniform, but it was not till 1874 that 
 the State furnished uniforms as well as guns. 
 
 During its connection with the Michigan 
 State Troops, the high standing and gentle- 
 man Ij' deportment of the members of the 
 Guard have attracted the attention of tlieir as- 
 sociates, and at various' times their officers 
 have been temporarily assigned, but at Camp 
 Alger, in 1886, Captain A. Eiipp was elected 
 Major oT the Fourth Eegiment, but did not 
 serve on account of his health. The Guards 
 have always been present at State encamp, 
 ments, and their record has always been one that 
 Monroe could be proud of The camj)s they 
 have participated in have been as follows; 
 Regimental Camp, at Jackson, Jul\', 1876; 
 Eegimental Camp, at Jackson, July, 1877; 
 Eifle practice, at Jackson, 1878 — A. Eup]), be.st 
 score; Camp Cresswell, at Adrian, August, 
 1879; Brigade Camp Chandler, August, 1880; 
 Brigade Camp Jei'ome, at Island Lake, August, 
 1882; Brigade Camp Griffith, at Island Lake, 
 August, 1883; Brigade Camp Withington, at 
 Island Lake, August, 1884; Brigade Camp Al- 
 ger, at Island Lake, July, 1886 ; Brigade Camp 
 ]{obertson, at Island Lake, August, 1887 ; 
 Brigade Camp Luce, at Mackinaw, July, 1888; 
 Brigade Camp Smith, at Battle Creek, August, 
 1889. 
 
TIIK WAK ()!■ Tllli Rr;i!EI,I,ION. 
 
 Tlic ro.stcT lias had as ('ai)lains: C. F. Gni- 
 ner, 1S70— 1875 ; J. J. .Stevens, 1875— Novem- 
 ber, 1875; V. Kindler, December, 1875 — No- 
 vemlicr, 1877; J. D. Roiiaii, X<)\ember, 1877 — 
 November, 1879 ; A. Riipp, November, 1879 — 
 October, 1880; M. E. Webb, since October, 1886. 
 
 First Lieutenants — Fred Beck, to December, 
 1870; George Eupp, 1870-1872 : J. A. Wagner, 
 1872-1875: V. Ivindler, January to November, 
 1875; J. D. Roiian, 1875-1877; A. JJapp, 1877 
 -1879; George C. Loranger, 1879-1884; M. E. 
 Webb, 1884-188G; F. L. IlgenCritz, 18SG-1887; 
 J. M. Gutmann, 1887. 
 
 Second Lieutenants — J. A. Wagner, 1S70- 
 1872;. John Sedelbauer, 1872-1878; V. Kin- 
 dler, 1873-1875; J. 1). Konan, June to Novem- 
 ber, 1875; B.J. Adams, 1875-1877: George S. 
 Loranger, 1877-1879 ; Jerome Bissonettc, 1879 
 -1880; T. Bodell, 1880-1881; M. E. Webb, 
 1881-1884; F. L. Ilgenfritz, 1884-188t;; J. M. 
 (iutmann, 188G-1887; L S. Harrington, 1887. 
 
 The roster has fifty-six names, with the fol- 
 lowing officers: Captain, Merrill E. Webb; 
 First Lieutenant, John M. (Jutmanii ; Second 
 Tiieutcnant, Irving S. Harrington ; First Ser- 
 geant, Fred Reisig; Second Sergeant, Feli.K 
 Diisablon ; Third Sergeant, Andrew Mitehell ; 
 Fourth Sergeant, Fred Gutmann; Fifth Ser- 
 geant, William Stoeckert ; First Corporal, 
 George J. Schmid; Second Corporal, Eilward 
 lleisig; Third Corporal, Otto E. Reisig; 
 Fourth Corporal, Frank Newel ; Fifth Corpo- 
 ral, Dennis Sharkey; Sixth Corporal, Eilwurd 
 Eaton; Seventh Corporal, John Egle ; Eighth 
 Corporal, August L. Beck. The civil affairs of 
 the Company arc administered b}' President, 
 Irving S. Harrington ; Financial Secretar}-, 
 George Flint ; Corresponding Secretary, Ed- 
 ward Eaton : Treasurer, John M. Gutmann. 
 
 At the organization (1870) drill was held in 
 Rapp's Hall. In 187G they moved to the Beau- 
 bien building, where the}' remainol till 1S8<'. 
 when they occupied Kremer's ILill, and in 
 June, 1889, the command took up permanent 
 ((uarters in their new armory on the corner of 
 Washington and Second Streets. January 21, 
 1889, the Armory Association was incor|(ii- 
 rated, composed of the members of the Guards, 
 and the rink propert}- on the coi-ner of Wash- 
 ington and Second Streets, consisting of a lot 
 100x150, with a building 45 x 145. purchased 
 and refitted for the use of the Company, hav- 
 ing besides a main hall or di'ill i-oom 45x85, 
 large dressing and club rooms, with stage, so 
 as to lie u.sed, if desired, as an amusement hail. 
 
 The affairs of the A.ssociation are managed 
 by a board of five directors, elected annually, 
 from whom the officers are elected, tho.se for 
 1889 being : President, Irving S. Harrington ; 
 Vice President, Merrill E. Webb; Financial 
 Secretary, Wdliani P. Gutmann; Corresponding 
 Secretary, George J. (iutmann; Treasurer, 
 John M. Gutmann— and it is their intontion at 
 an early day to erect a large brick building 
 the entire size of the lot. Besides the active 
 members on the roster, they have an Honorary 
 Roll, on which there are the names of five ex- 
 captains, three first and four second lieuten- 
 ants, and about filty ex-privates and citizen.s, 
 and steps are being taken to form a Veteran 
 Reserve Corps. 
 
 The evening before starting for Camp Smith 
 the citizens jiresented the Company with a 
 silk flag, as a token of the appreciation in 
 whicii they were held, and which was proudly 
 carried to camp, ex-Captain A. Hupp as color 
 bearer. 
 
CHAPTER XLI. 
 
 HISTORY OF TOWNSHIPS OF MONROE COUNTY. 
 
 ASH TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ASH township was organized out of French- 
 town by act of the leaislaturo in 1837, 
 and was all that part of Frenchtown which 
 now comprises the townships of Ash and 
 Berlin. The first election was held at the 
 house of John M. Beaubien in the spring of 
 1837. A record of the o83cers of tlie township 
 from that time lo the present will be found on 
 pages 2r)7-270 of this volume. It is an excel- 
 lent Avrming country. Until the introduction 
 of railroads this township was sparsely settled 
 and very heavily timbered ; now comprises 
 many of the finest and most productive farms 
 in the county, settled by an industrious and 
 intelligent class of farmers. It comprises the 
 thriving village of Carleton, and few villages 
 hold out better inducements for settlers and 
 business enterprises, enlivened as it is by keen, 
 wide-awake business men. 
 
 The village of Carleton was laid out in April, 
 1872, by Daniel A. Matthews and Charles A. 
 Kent, its plat comprising eight}- acres. Eighty 
 acres more were soon after added b}- I). A. 
 Matthews and William A. Hickok. The Lake 
 Shore and Michigan Southern and Flint and 
 Pere Marquette Railroads cro.ss in the village, 
 have a neat frame depot, with agencies of 
 Western Union Telegraph Company and of the 
 United Slates and American Express Com- 
 panies. 
 
 The first building erected was the Matthews 
 House, a two-story frame building of good size 
 near railroad crossing, which is still the only 
 hotel of the town. D. A. Matthews built a 
 saw-mill by which the lumbering industry of 
 the nei;.;hborhood was developed, and in 1874 
 Edwards & Bliiin started a stave mill and head- 
 ing works which did a fine business until the 
 summer of 1887, when it burned down. These 
 
 establishments were the main suppoi-t of the 
 village for a number of years, until D. A. 
 Matthews and John L. Hood erected a number 
 of brick kilns for the manufacture of charcoal 
 in 1876 and 1877, and this industry largely 
 helped to get the timber land of the neighbor- 
 hood cleared up, thereby creating tine farms 
 and establisliing a brisk mercantile business, 
 which has steadily increased and which is 
 now, considering the size of the village, almost 
 without equal in Monroe county. 
 
 In 1884 Edwards & Adams started a good 
 brick and tile j-ard adjoining the village. 
 
 In 1885 Edward Kahlbauni bought the grain 
 elevator formerly owned by D. A. Matthews 
 and added a roller pi-ocess flouring mill thereto, 
 which is now equipped witli all the best 
 machinery and doing an immense business. 
 
 A fine brick building on Monroe avenue 
 comprising three stores, was built by Edwards 
 & Adams in 1886. 
 
 Several fine residences now adorn the streets, 
 including those of D. A. Matthews, H. C. Tal- 
 bot, and the just finished elegant brick dwell- 
 ing of F. L. Edwards. 
 
 The present industries of (ho village are the 
 following : 
 
 Edwards & Adams, general merchandise, 
 clothing and hardware. 
 
 Edward Kahlbauni, grain dealer and flouring 
 mill. 
 
 II. C. Talbot, general merchandise. 
 
 D. A. Matthews, saw-mill. 
 
 J. L. Hood, charcoal manufactuicr, 
 
 A. Gee, furniture and undertaker. 
 
 M. Artley, cistern factory and ]ilauing mill. 
 
 J. Asam, lumber yard. 
 
 M. F. Skidmore, photograph gallery. 
 
 W. L. Hause, steam cider mill. 
 
 *Tlie Monroe County court Louse in the City of Monroe was toii.'-mncd !iy lire, and the most of the 
 Townsfiip records prior to 1.S72 were destroyed. 
 
 [578] 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 57;» 
 
 A. Mul'olliim, :ij;ricultiii-:il iiiiploinonts. iluinli, ami one .Mi'tlunlist H|)iHe(i|i:il tjrick 
 
 Also one basket t'aetoiy, three dni^ stores, cliureh. 
 
 one produce market, two meat markets, three The village has a good unirnrmed br.isshand, 
 
 wagon and smith shops, one harness sliop, two u tirand Army post, and an Aneieiil Order 
 
 shoe shops, one barber sh<jp, one jo\veli-y store. United Workmen lodge. 
 
 one bazaar, two millinery shops, tluee physi- The ('arleton Opera House and Edwards 
 
 cians, one dentist. Hall furnish ample accommodations for public 
 
 There is a good two-stor}- brick .scho(d-house, assemblies, and Matthews race course for the 
 
 one Evangelical and Free .Methodist frame lovers of fast stock. 
 
 IJKDFURI) TOW .WSlllP. 
 
 The first actual settler in the township of 
 Bedford was probably Benjamin Sulicr, who 
 located where he still lives on section 85, in 
 town 8, range 7 east, in the j'ear 1828. Several 
 other Frcnclimen located iu the vicinity soon 
 afterwards, but at exactly what time it is im- 
 possible at this late date to determine. The 
 first American resident within the limits of the 
 township is believed to have been a Mr. Oiven, 
 who located in 1820 on what is known as the 
 old Silas Smith farm, on section 5, town 'J 
 south, of range (i east. It will be remembered 
 that General Harrison marched from Fort 
 Meigs to Frenchtown in 1813, and having 
 artiller}' necessitated bridging the streams. 
 He with his armj' crossed Half-Way Creek, on 
 the above mentioned tract, and wo suppose 
 that Owen followed the road as far from the 
 settlement on the Mauniec and Ten-Mile Creek 
 as he thought safe, as Indians were at that time 
 very numerous and not to be trusted loo far. 
 
 After Mr. Owen, a man named Sibley occu- 
 pied the house, and often sold whisk j' to the 
 Indians. One evening they came for whisky, 
 and not being able to obtain any, made an 
 assault upon Sibley with their knives, wound- 
 ing him severely, and left him for dead. His 
 wife ran for help to the nearest neighbor.*, four 
 miles distant, probably at Tremainesville, and 
 when she returned with the help her husband 
 was missing. After a diligent search he was 
 tbund under tlie bridge at llalf-Way Creek. 
 This terminated his dealing with the Indians 
 in whisky, also his residence in Bedford. In 
 1830 or 1831, Silas Smith purchased the farm, 
 and it is still owned bj' his descendants. 
 
 Bedford township was, prior to 183t;, a part 
 of the township of Erie, and was then called 
 West Erie, but in ISitO was organized as the 
 town of Bedford. There were at that time 
 
 fift}- 01' si.xly residents, including several 
 Frenchmen. Of the American residents who 
 were heads of families at that time, the follow- 
 ing onlj' are left in the townslii]), viz. : Levi 
 Lewis, Lucas Adams, Theophilus Osgood, and 
 Edmund Ruwson. William P. Ilubbell, one ol' 
 the number, died during the past year. 
 
 The first township meeting was hehl at the 
 house of Levi Lewis on the second day of May, 
 1836. Twent3--five votes were ]iolied, and the 
 following named officers, twenty-eight in num- 
 ber, were elected, viz.: Supervisor, William 
 Dunbar, who was a man very highly esteemed, 
 and subsequentlj' represented Monroe county 
 in our State legislature and was for a number 
 of years the sheriff of Monroe county. Late 
 in life removed to the township of Monroe, 
 where he resided until hisdcath, which occurred 
 August 2, 1870, leaving a widow and one son, 
 Edwin Dunbar, who occupies the homestead 
 farm, and like his father has enjoyed the con- 
 fidence of his fellow-citizens. He has fre(iuently 
 been elected to offices of trust, and is the present 
 representative of our count}- in the State legis- 
 lature. Theophilus 0.sgood was elected clerk. 
 John Glass, Henr}^ Mason, Nathan G. Watkins, 
 Samson Vrooman, justices of ihejjeace. Com- 
 missioners of highways were Stephen Brad- 
 ford. William Filkins and Elicnezer Thornton. 
 Elisha B. Hitchcock, Jacob Cronkite and Joel 
 Hitchins, assessors. For collector, Charles F. 
 W. Rawson. For directors of the poor, John 
 Lambert, an<i Thomas Sammons. School com- 
 missioners. John Lambei-t, Levi Lewis and 
 Jackson Hoag. For constables, Charles !•". W. 
 Rawson, John M. Gilman and Oliver S. Kecnc. 
 School inspectors, D. P. Ilurlburt, Cyrus Wing 
 and Obediah De Land. For fence viewers, 
 Ebcnezor Thornton and William P. Hubbell: 
 and for pound master, Jushua Merrills. 
 
r)8o 
 
 inSTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 At the general election in Novenibei', 1837; 
 fifty-one votes were polled. In September, 
 1841, Bedford reported one hundred and forty- 
 four children of suitable age for attending the 
 common schools. 
 
 There are three postottices in Bedford lown- 
 shiji, viz.: Lambertville, Samaria and Willetts. 
 Lambertville is located on the line between 
 sections 19 and 80, three-fourths of a mile from 
 the west line of the township, and was estab- 
 lished in ISoO. There are three stores, two 
 blacksmith and wagon shops, two churches, 
 school-house. Masonic hall, wiih many very 
 creditable residences. 
 
 S'lmaria is on the Toledo, Ann Arbor and 
 (irand Trunk Eailroad, one mile from the 
 north line of the township. Besides the post- 
 office and railroad offices there is a telegraph 
 office, express office, two stores, two blacksmith 
 sho])s, two saw mills. Willetts postoffice was 
 established in 1880 on the southeast corner of 
 section 2(3. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal church was organ- 
 ized at Lambertville in 1835. The old church 
 lias given place to a new church erected in 
 1887; dedicated January- 1, 1888, at a cost of 
 three thousand dollars, with a membership of 
 one hundred and ten; annual expenses six 
 hundi-ed dollars. The clergj'men that have 
 ministered thereto are,-in the order named, viz. : 
 M G. Perkin.ser, R. Triggs, J. Chase, W. Brock, 
 
 A. Fitch, L. Coleman Gibson, J. R. Gillett, G. 
 Sliurtliflf, J. Scotsford, W. P. Jacobs, R. Pen- 
 field, P. Burrat, A. Curtis, A. F. Cuinmiugs, V. 
 J. Boynton, C. A. Bruce, R. McConnel, E. 
 Steele, D. R. Kelley, R. Bird, R. Dubois, William 
 Taylor, S. Hendrickson, P. Sharpe, W. Cay- 
 son, J. Dobbins, A. B. Greenlaw, T. Seelcy, G. 
 W. Lowe, A. 1. Black, G. W. Holt, S. W. Noyes, 
 J. II. Camburn, P. L. Turner, D. A. Curtis, J. 
 
 B. Russell, E. Van Orman, J. Johnston, E. 
 Bibbins, J. S. Paull, J. W. Dunlap, M. J. Scott, 
 P. J. Wright, T. S. Csborne, A. Whitcomb and 
 E. W. Baldwin. 
 
 Lucas Adams, one of the five remaining pio- 
 neers, was born in Lester, Addison county, 
 Vermont, in April, 1806. Mary, his wife, was 
 born in Elizabethtown, in the province of 
 Upper Canada, as it was then called, now 
 Ontario, December 23, 1812. They were mar- 
 ried at Lester, Vermont, Sej^tember 17, 1834. 
 Tl;e following year thej- concluded to try their 
 fortunes in the then far West, and came to Bed- 
 
 foi'd and settled on the farm where they iidw^ 
 live, on section 22. There were about tifty 
 inhabitants in the township, several of them 
 single men, but mostly young married 
 jjeople. The necessities of life they raised 
 on their farms, tlio comforts they had to 
 go (o Monroe or Toledo for, while the luxuries 
 were not to be thought of Mr. Adams erected 
 a small log house and immediately set about 
 improving his farm ; has never been a strong, 
 healthy man, j-et by .steady labor and economy 
 in his 3-oungerdajs, is now in his old age able 
 to sit down and enjoy the fruits of his labor. 
 Though seldom absent from the polls, ho has 
 never sought and seldom accepted office of any 
 kind. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have both been 
 members of the Wesleyan Methodist church 
 for many j-ears. 
 
 Theophilus Osgood was born in the township 
 of Fort Ann, Washington county. New York, 
 April 27. 1808. In the year 1816 his parents 
 emigrated to Seneca county. New York, which 
 was then the western goal for emigrants from 
 the East. There he lived .seventeen years. On 
 the 19th of October, 1827, he w;is married to 
 Roxanna Breitman. and in the autumn of 1833 
 he joined the tide of emigration that was at 
 that time settling very strongly westward. He 
 located on section 1 in the tow'nship of Bed- 
 ford, and like all the rest of the early settlers, 
 began by building a log cabin and going to 
 work clearing up his farm. By hard work and 
 economy in early life, he in conjunction with 
 his excellent helpmate, raised a large family 
 and at the same time accumulated a consider- 
 able property. At the organization of the 
 township in 1836, Mr. Osgood was elected 
 township clerk, and he has been an office 
 holder in the town.shipa large part of the time 
 since. Mr. Osgood died Ajn-il 16, 1883. 
 
 Levi Lewis was born in Ontario county, New 
 York, in August, 1809. His wife. Experience 
 Colbath, was born in tlie same county in 1811. 
 They were married in June, 1833. In Juno, 
 1832, Mr. Lewis caught the western fever, but 
 lieing a prudent man did not as many have 
 done before that time and as many have done 
 since, pull up, take all they have and go, with- 
 out ktiowing whether they will be suited with 
 the soil, climate, or other characteristics of the 
 country to which they are going. Mr. Lewis 
 went alone to the far West, to the township of 
 Erie, countj' of Monroe. He liked the place so 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 581 
 
 well that he seciireil a location, went hack to 
 his native place, married, and with his hi-ide 
 returne<l to Erie. In 1835 he sold his jiossos- 
 sions in Krie and hought a quarter of a section 
 of land in section 2 in what was then called 
 West Erie. The ])lace had a log house with a 
 small clearing ai'ound it, and that small hegin- 
 uing has, under his industry and careful man- 
 agement, expanded into one of the best farms 
 in the township, capable of furnishing the old 
 couple a good living in their old age without 
 care or trouble on their part, if they chose to 
 do so. The next year after Mr. Lewis moved 
 on to his new farm the inhabitants of the west 
 half of Erie asked for a separate township 
 organization, which was granted, and the new 
 township was named Bedford. The first elec- 
 tion was held in May at Mr. Lewis's house, and 
 he was elected commissioner of schools. The 
 next j'car he was elected assessor and re-elected 
 the following year. The fourth year he was 
 elected constable, which office he held three 
 successive years. Since that time he has re- 
 fused office, except occasionally taking his 
 turn as overseer of highwa3'8. Thej- have 
 always been among the prominent citizens of 
 the township; and always known as kind, char, 
 itable and read}- and willing to aid the need}-. 
 William P. Hubbell was horn in Delaware 
 county, State of New York, in December, 1811. 
 He emigrated to Monroe county in 1827 when 
 only sixteen years old, locating in Monroe, 
 then a small village, with a capital of twelve 
 and a half cents, a strong constitution and an 
 al'undance of energy and willingness to work. 
 His wife, Mary Willard, was born in Old Gil 
 ford, Connecticut, in 1810. She came to this 
 county in 1827. They were married in March, 
 1832, he being but three months over twenty 
 j-ears of age, she al)Out sixteen, and their 
 present circumstances prove that early mar- 
 riages are not always a bar to pmspcrily. 
 About a week before their marriage, Mr. Hub- 
 bell bought of the United States Government 
 eighty acres of land, and some time after- 
 wards he bought the adjoining forty acres, 
 which together constitute his present farm. 
 Of this one hundred and twenty acres he 
 has cleared and drained a large portion, 
 and tilled it to a great extent with his own 
 exerti<ins. Mi-. Hubbell has always been a 
 very positive man in conversation as well as in 
 his actions, and those who know him beet 
 
 appreciate iiis worth as a citizen and frioml. 
 He has always been inclined to scjme spcciallv 
 in farming; at one lime it was small fruits, 
 once apples, and in fruit growing he is prob- 
 ably as good autlioritj- as Monroe county 
 affords. His last specialty was pork on a verv 
 extensive .scale. Mr. Hubbell has never been 
 active in politics; while he has his opinions and 
 votes to sustain them, he has not been to any 
 extent an office holder and never an office 
 seeker. At the organization of the township 
 in 183G he was elected to the office of fence 
 viewer; the next year he was elected highway 
 commissioner; since that time he has not held 
 a township office, except overseer of highways, 
 and that not vei-y often. He has been one of 
 the most active and efficient members of the 
 Uedfoi-d Farmers' Club since he has been a 
 member of that organization. 
 
 Edmund Rawson was born in Clermont town- 
 ship, Dutchess county, State of New York, 
 September 25, 1810. He was married to his 
 first wife, Charlana Phillips, February IS, 
 1832 ; came to Bedford June 8, 1833. His wile 
 died November 25, 1835, leaving him two 
 daughters, Emeline, wife of Robert S. Hitch- 
 cock, and Charlana, wife of A. J. Russell. In 
 1850 he was married to .Mrs. Mary MeLouth, 
 widow of Farley McLouth.. Mrs. McLouth, 
 whose maiden name was Doty, was born in the 
 State of New York in May, 180ti; was married 
 to Farley McLouth in Wayne count}-. New 
 York, in 1831, and came to Bedford in 1834. 
 Although Mr. Rawson was a resident at the 
 time, he does not appear to have attended the 
 meeting for the organization of the township 
 in May, 183(i: he consequently failed to get a 
 township office, but he has fully made up for 
 the neglect since, having been an office holder 
 nearly all of the time since. At a special 
 meeting in October, 1836, he w-as elected 
 treasui'cr, or collector as they called it then, 
 and constable at the second annual meeting; 
 was re-elected to the same office and continued 
 to be elected to both offices for thirteen years 
 afterwards, making fifteen successive terms 
 that he held both offices. At the sixteentii 
 annual meeting he failed to be elected con- 
 stable, but still held the office of treasurer. The 
 next year he was again elected to both offices, 
 and so on for seven years afterwards : was 
 elected again in 1S(;2. Thus held the office of 
 treasurer foi- twenty-seven suceessivo terms. 
 
riS2 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 In lS(;r> he was elected justice of the peace to 
 till :i vacancy of two j-ears, in ISfiT was elected 
 for the full term, and has been elected ever}' 
 four }-ears since. In 1872 he was elected drain 
 coniniissionor, which office he held for one 
 rear. Thus since the organization of t!io town 
 he has been treasurer twenty-seven years, con- 
 stable twenty-five j'ears, justice of the peace 
 eigliteen j^ears, and drain commissioner one 
 year, in all seventj-'One years; though in 
 polities he belonged to the party in the 
 niinorily in the township, yet sucli was his 
 popularity with tlie citizens. As a citizen, he 
 has always been regarded upright, honest and 
 .•straightforward; as a neighbor and friend, 
 genial, whole-souled, always read}- to lend a 
 helping hand where it is needed, always ready 
 to give or taUe a joke; one of the " laugh and 
 grow fat'' kind. 
 
 \S'MJ — The tir.st town meeting was held in 
 tlie house of Levi Lewis, on the southwest 
 quarter of southeast quarter of section two, on 
 the second day of May, 183(i. John Glass was 
 chosen moderator, and Henry Mason clerk, 
 and on canvassing the votes it was found that 
 the electors had chosen the following officers 
 for the year 1836 : Supervisor, William Dun- 
 bar; clerk, Theo. O.sgood : justice of the peace, 
 John Glass. 
 
 1837 — April 3, elected supervisor, Elisha 
 B. Hitchcock; clerk, Isaac N. Eussell ; justices 
 of the peace, Simeon Tillotson, John Glass. 
 
 1838 — April 2, elected supervisor, Henry 
 Mason ; clerk, I.'-aac N. Eussell ; justices of tlie 
 peace, I. N. Eussell, F. McLouth. 
 
 1839 — April 1, elected supervisor, Elisha 
 B. Hitchcock; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson ; 
 treasurer, Jackson Hoag; justices of the peace, 
 E. B. Hitchcock, L. Adams. 
 
 1840 — April ti, elected supervisor, Henry 
 Ma.son ; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson ; treas- 
 >ircr, Jackson Hoag ; justices of the peace, one 
 year, E B. Hitchcock ; three years, Farley 
 McLouth; four years, Henry Mason. 
 
 1841— April 5, elected supervisor, Henry 
 Wason; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson; treas- 
 urer, Jackson Hoag; magistrates, Henry Mason, 
 four \ cars ; Oliver S. Keenc, three years. 
 
 1842 — April 4, elected supervisor, Farley 
 McLouth ; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson ; treas- 
 urer, Edmund Eawson ; magistrate, four years, 
 Thomas P. Aldrich. 
 
 1S4I! — April 3, elected supervisor, Farley 
 
 McLouth ; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson ; treas- 
 urer, E. Eawson ; justice of the peace, four 
 years, F. McLouth. 
 
 1844 — April 1, elected sujjervisor, Elisha B. 
 Hitchcock ; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson ; 
 ti'easurer, E. Eawson ; justice of the peace, 
 (icorge Kirtland. 
 
 1845 — Apjril 7, elected supervisor, Farley 
 McTjouth ; clerk, Henry Mason ; treasurer, E. 
 Eawson ; justice of the peace, Henry Mason. 
 
 1846 — April G, elected supervisor, Farley Mc- 
 Louth ; clerk, Henry Mason; treasurer, E. 
 Rawson ; justice of the peace, T. 0.sgood. 
 
 1817 — April 5, elected supervisor, Farley 
 McLouth; clerk, Henry Mason ; treasurer, E. 
 Eawson ; justices of the peace, F. McLouth, 
 Charles F. W. Eawson. 
 
 1848 — April 3, elected supervisor, Farley Mc- 
 Louth ; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson : treas- 
 urer, E. Eawson ; justice of the peace, George 
 S. Ilillar. 
 
 1849 — April 2, elected supervisor, Henry 
 Mason; clerk, Charles F. W. Eawson ; treas- 
 urer, E. Eawson ; justice of the peace, S. Bristol. 
 
 1850 — April 1, elected supervisor, Thomas 
 P. Aldrich ; clerk, Silas Bristol ; treasurer, E. 
 Eawson ; justice of the peace, Charles F. W. 
 Eawson. 
 
 1851 — Ajjril 7, elected supervisor, Charles 
 F. VV. Eawson; clerk, Wm. Dunbar; treasurer. 
 
 E. Eawson ; justice of the peace, J. G. Keller. 
 1852 — Api-il 5, elected sajjervisor, Charles 
 
 F. W. Eawson ; clerk, Wm. Dunbar; treasurer, 
 E. Eawson ; justices of the peace, J. L. Stearus, 
 
 G. Ketcham. 
 
 1853 -April 4, elected supervisor, George 
 Kirtland; clerk, William Dunbar; treasurer, 
 E. Eawson ; justice of the peace, S. Bristol. 
 
 1854— April 3, elected supervisor, Henry 
 Mason; clerk, W^illiam Dunbar; treasurer, E. 
 Eawson ; justice of the peace, E. Thornton. 
 
 1855 — April 2, elected supervisor, Caleb D. 
 Sumner; clerk-, Eobert S. Janney ; treasurer, E. 
 Eawson ; justices of the peace, Geo. Kirtland, 
 W. Eawson. 
 
 1856 — April 7, elected supervisor, Caleb D. 
 Sumner; clerk, Eobert S. Janney; treasurer, E. 
 Rawson ; justice of the peace, T. P. Aldrich. 
 
 1857 — April 6, elected supervisor, Eobert S. 
 Janney; clerk, Eichard Thornton, treasurer, 
 E. Eawson ; justices of the peace, S. Bristol. G. 
 Hitchcock. 
 
 1858 — April 5, elected supervisor, Caleb D. 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 5g3 
 
 SumiK'r; clerk. Heiii-y Mason; treasurer, E. I'^'JG — April 2, olcctcd su|iorvisor, Amos . Mc- 
 
 Jva\Ason ; jiisiicc of tlie ])cace, J. W. Janncy. rjoutli ; clei'k, Addison E. Jdinbar: treasurer 
 
 1859 — April 4, elected supervisoi-, Caleb D. E.Bristol; justice of the peace. 8. K. Kiniie3'. 
 
 Sumner; clerk, Addison E. Dunbar; treasure)-. *S67 — April 1, elected supervisor, Anio.s Mc- 
 
 E. Rawson : justice <>( the peace. George Kirt- Eouth ; clerk, Addison E. Dunbar ; treasurer, 
 
 land. E. Bristol ; justice of the ])eacc, Iv Kawson. 
 
 1800 — April 2, elected supervisor, Caleb D. 18()8 — .Xiu-il 7, eleetod supervisor. Jjiiues W. 
 
 Sumner; clerk, Addison E. Diinbai-; treasui'er, .fanne\-; clerk, AdilLson E. Dunbar; treasurer. 
 
 E. Kawson ; justice of the peace, G. Hitchcock. T. O.sgood : justice of the ]}ea(e. J. S. Jlitcli- 
 
 18(!1— April 1, elected supervisor. James W. eock. 
 
 .Tanney; clerk, Addison E. Dunbar ; treasurer, 1^^^ — April ."). elected supervisoi-, John J. 
 
 E. Uawson ; justice of the jieacc. S. Bristol. Sumner; clerk, Addison E. Dunbar; treasurer. 
 
 1862— April 7, elected supervisor, Caleb D. ^^ Bristol ; justice of the peace, L. Farnham. 
 
 Sumner ; clerk, Addison E. Dunbar ; treasurer, lW70— April 4, elected supervisor, John J. 
 
 E. Rawson ; justice of the peace, W. Rawson. Sumner; clerk. Addison E.Dunbar; treasurer. 
 
 1863 — April 6, elected supervisor, Chester D. ^^- Bristol ; justice of the peace, (ieorge Kirk- 
 Mason ; clerk, Addison PI Dunbar; treasurer, land. 
 
 George Hoag ; justices of the peace. M. Blouch, 1871— April :j. elected supervisor, J(jhii J. 
 
 James Hitchcock. Sumner; clerk, John J. Dixon : ti-casurer. E. 
 
 1864 — April 4, elected supervisor, (,'hester D. Bristol .justice of the peace, E. Rawson. 
 
 Mason; clerk, Addison E.Dunbar: treasurer, 1872— .\pril 1, elected supervisor, John J. 
 
 E. Bristol: justice of the peace. .1. S. Hitch- Sumner; clerk, John J. Dixon; treasurer, E. 
 
 cock. Bristol ; justice of the peace, J. S. Hitchcock. 
 
 1865 — April 3. elected supei-visor, Robert S. For town officers from 1873 to 1888, sec 
 
 Janney; clerk, Addison P]. Dunbar; treasurer. ]'age 271. 
 E. Bristol ; justice of the peace, J. J. Sumner. 
 
 BERLIX TOWXSHTT. 
 
 The townshiji of Ash was organized out of Newport, thi-ough which the Michigan Cen- 
 
 Frenchtown in 1837. In 1867 Berlin was tral or Canada Southern and Lake Shore 
 
 organized out of Ash. The first supervisor Kaili-oads pass, comprises three dry good 
 
 elected was John Strong, in 1868 Win. S. stores — Bargassa & Co., A. G. Gamble and 
 
 Morcy. In 1869, 1871, 1872, 1873 and 1874 J. F. Colburn ; one grist mill, owned by 
 
 P^-ed Neidermeier, and for officers to and in- I. J. Neideriueier; one feed mill anil 
 
 elusive of 1889, the reader is referred to state- basket manufactory, owned by Calkins & 
 
 ment in this volume on page 271. Brothers ; two basket manufactories, owned by 
 
 Within the limits of this town are two thriv- Ward iV: Son and B ; one creamery stock 
 
 ing villages. South Bockwood is on the Lake company; three blacksmith and wagon shops, 
 
 Shore Railway-. The leading and main pro- owned by A. Menard, P. P^ix, and kludge; 
 
 prietor, John Strong, has in successful opera- two saloons, R. P. Navarre and tieo. Martin, 
 
 tion a two-story bi-ick store with an extensive proprietors; one millinery store, by Miss Lizzie 
 
 stock of merchandise, a public assembly room, Bondenet, one drug store, by Doctor J. J. 
 
 a flouring and stave mill, with all modern im- Valade : one ('ongi-egational and one Melho- 
 
 provemeiits ; a number of improved farms, dist church: with two depots:and two practicing 
 
 well stocked with imported stock; a com|)et- physicians — Drs. J. J. au'l J. L. A'alade. 
 itor at county and State fairs, and having ever 
 been an industrious, ])rudent and enterprising 
 
 busine.ss man, is regarded one of the wealthiest Mlt.S. lUHTI.A E. SOUTIIWoRTII 
 
 men of the county, through whose generosity Is a native of Georgia, P'ranklin county, Ver- 
 
 Ihe substantial church was mainly built. niont, being liorn there Scitteniber 16, 1812, 
 
584 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and liviiif^ willi hor parents, Ileiiiy ami 
 Zeruah (Herri ngtoii) Blodgett, until iier mar- 
 riage with Josiah C. Aselstyne in Swanton, 
 Vermont, September 25, 1834. They at once 
 went West, and settled in Berlin the ne-xt 
 month, on a farm where she now lives, although 
 a frame building has taken place of the original 
 log cabin. Jler husband died May 15, 1851, 
 leaving her with seven children, three boys and 
 four girls, of whom only two are now living : 
 
 Horace, who lives on the old homestead, and 
 Mary, living in Muir, Ionia county, Michigan. 
 September 'iO, 1867, she was married a third 
 time, her companion this time being Ezra 
 Southworth, who died December 29,1888. Her 
 second son, Myron Aselstvne, enlisted in 1862 
 in the Twentj'-Sixth New Yoric Volunteer In- 
 fantry, and died in the hospital at Bakersville, 
 Marv'land, October 2, 186:!. 
 
 DUNDEE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The township of Dundee is in the western 
 part of Monroe county, and was formed from 
 Summerfield and Raisinville at their re-organi- 
 zation in 1838. The first town meeting was 
 held April 1, 1839, at the house of Samuel Bar- 
 ber, who was elected supervisor. The first 
 land entry was made by William Remington, 
 on July 23, 1823, and included that part of the 
 village of Dundee south of the Eiver Raisin. 
 During the next ten years came Riley Inger- 
 soll, Natiianiel Richmond, Ira Irons, George 
 Wilcox, Martin Smith, William PJierdun, Sam- 
 uel Rankin, Ileman Spaulding, Samuel .leniie, 
 Enos Kent, Justus Jermain. The turnpike 
 from LaPlai.sance to and through Dundee was 
 laid out in 1832, and a bridge across the River 
 Raisin built in 18.33. 
 
 In 1835 there was a postoffiee called Winfield 
 kept at the house of the postmaster, William 
 H. Montgomery, two miles east of the village 
 of Dundee. The following year he was suc- 
 ceeded by Alonzo Curtis, the office removed to 
 the village, and its name changed to Dundee. 
 The mail came semi-weekly from 1839 to 1843, 
 then weekl3' until 1861, when it was changed 
 to tri-weeklj-, and in 1862 made daily. Since 
 the Iniilding of the railroads there are six 
 mails a day. In 1873 it was made a money 
 order office. 
 
 A log school house was built in 1834, on the 
 present site of William H. Pulver's wagon 
 shcjp. Two years later it was destroyed by 
 fire and replaced with a frame building, now 
 standing on the adjacent lot. Among the early 
 teachers were Rebecca Whitman, Dr. Bassford, 
 Emily Jcnne, Mrs. White, John II. Montgom- 
 er3', Junius Tilden, Mr. Townsend, William 
 Parker, and Henry Watling. There are now 
 twelve school houses in the township, seven 
 
 frame and five brick, with a total valuation of 
 $30,550. The present number of school chil- 
 dren is about 1,200. 
 
 The history of the Dundee M. E. Church 
 dates from 1832, the first sermon being 
 preached on October 2d of that year, by the 
 Rev. Elijah Pilcher. There arc at present one 
 hundred and eightj'-nine members. The church 
 property consists of a brick church at Dundee 
 and one at Azalia, a frame building at Raisin- 
 ville, and a parsonage in Dundee, the whole 
 valued at $10,500. 
 
 The Baptist Church in Dundee was first or- 
 ganized in 1835. The house of worship was 
 built in 1857. For some years there was only 
 transient missionary preaching, but now there 
 is a regular pastor. 
 
 The records of the first Congregational 
 Church show that it was organized November 
 29, 1836, and in 1843 a building was erected. 
 Since that time it has met with varying for- 
 tunes. In 1888 it had a membership of si.xty- 
 four, with church property valued at $3,000. 
 
 The Canada Southern Railroad was opened 
 to Dundee in 1873, and in Jul}', 1875, a large 
 excursion to Detroit celebrated the completion 
 of the road. The Toledo, Ann Arbor and 
 North Michigan followed closely after, the sta- 
 tion at Dundee being opened in 1878. 
 
 There is a \evy fine water power, utilizing 
 tiie waters of the River Raisin for manufixctur- 
 ing purposes, and no less than twelve manufac- 
 turing establishments in which steam power is 
 used. The village is surrounded by a very en- 
 terprising and thrifty farming community, 
 pos.sessing farms under a high state of cultiva- 
 tion, fine buildings, orchards and stock, and 
 lands for fertility and richness not surpassed for 
 farming purposes in any portion of the State. 
 
B 
 
 ^ 
 
 M t~~-J§^ 
 
tOWNSHir HISTORIES. 
 
 o8S 
 
 b. A. CURTIS 
 Was born in Smithfield, Madison county, New 
 York, December 17, 1820. His father, David 
 Curtis, moved to Ontario county in tiie spring 
 of 1824, and three 3ears later moved to (i recce, 
 a small town near Jiochcster. His mother, 
 Wealthy (Dewey) Curtis, died in 1832, and his 
 fatlicr sohl the farm and moved to Michigan, 
 taking a canal boat as far as Buffalo and then 
 emharUing on a steamer for Detroit. At tlie 
 hitter place the family were transferred wilii 
 all their household goods to a one-masted scow, 
 decked over at both ends, and commanded by a 
 Frenchman who had two mates. A third man 
 in the crew was a Yankee, who could beat the 
 French on profanity. The scow floated down 
 as far as Maiden during the night, and half of 
 the passengers took a small boat and pulled for 
 Canada for the purpose of getting breakfast, 
 but at no place could the^- j)rocure breakfast 
 enough for the company. At last a negro who 
 knew one of the men offered to cook them a 
 meal, and seated in his garden they eiijuyed a 
 well-cooked breakfast. Using his jack-knife 
 for his ham, he found when reaching the scow, 
 he had forgotten to replace it in his pocket. 
 The scow floated before a good breeze for a 
 few hours, and then was becalmed. He, with 
 others, took a boat and rowed ashore, where 
 they found a deserted house and a fine orchard 
 from which they gathered apples. At night, 
 the wind arose, and the next morning they 
 found themselves at the mouth of the River 
 Raisin. The scow was anchored all day, and 
 men were sent up to Monroe for bread, etc. 
 They did not return until afternoon, when the 
 anchor was raised, and the scow, attached to 
 the small boat by a rope, was pulled up to the 
 dock. A cousin met the family with his wagon 
 and took them to his home, where supper was 
 awaiting them, and Mr. Curtis remembers it as 
 " the best meal of victuals mortal ever tasted." 
 .\fter a few days rest they moved up the 
 river to visit "Uncle Noble Curtis," near the 
 (ieorge Sorter place. From there they passed 
 on to where Dundee now stands, part of the 
 company going on foot. Mr. Curtis drove the 
 wagon, but being a small boy he managed to 
 run over a sapling that had been cut down 
 and fallen across the road, and winding through 
 the wheel turned the wagon over and emptied 
 all the contents. They crossed the river to 
 Duudce on a rope ferr\-, which was a great cu- 
 
 riosity to the boy. The mills near this ferry 
 were owned by S. VanNest, who also kept a 
 store and managed the hotel; Mr. Pine was 
 the clerk ; Mr. \Vilc<i.\. father of Byron and 
 Delos, lived below the village; < 'aptain Inger- 
 soll and the judge, his brother, were I'esidents 
 of the settlement; Asa Curtis and Truman 
 Curtis, his brother, lived in the woods about 
 half a mile west. On the south side of the 
 river were Peter Read, Mr. Pitts and .lonathan 
 Fisher. 
 
 The townships of Dundee and Summertield 
 met together (or "town meeting" in 1833, and 
 nineteen voters were jiresent at that meeting, 
 which was held in a log school house near 
 John N. AVadsworth's place. The year before, 
 the village had no school house, no church or- 
 ganization, and the Mormons began active 
 work in the settlement— succeeded in luring 
 awa\- a number, but their places were soon 
 filled bj' new settlers. Fnos Kent and Mr. 
 J?oof settled on the south branch of the Macon 
 in 1832. Bears and wolves were thick in the 
 wooiis, and Mr. Curtis, sr., killed two bears 
 and any number of deer, being a "mighty 
 hunter ' Foxes troubled them exceedingly in 
 their chicken coo])s, and the coons destroyed 
 their corn, but Mr. Curtis was fortunate in 
 owning a dog that killed " dozens of foxes and 
 hundreds of coons." 
 
 .\t this time the roads from place to place 
 were mere paths winding around stumps and 
 bogs, and Mr. Curtis remembers seeing a lum- 
 ber wagon hitched to two }'oke of oxen and 
 driven bj- a woman. The load consisted of one 
 and one-half bushels of grain. They came 
 from two and one-half miles west of Dundee, 
 and before they reached the "millway every 
 ox had his tongue out full length." 
 
 BEN.IAMIX H. CUKTISS, 
 
 Who passed from the alHictions of this earth to 
 a celestial mansion February 22, lfc82, was a 
 native of the Empire State, where he was born 
 December l.'i, I81'.l. In his tenth year he came 
 to Monroe county with his jiarents. Noble 
 Curii.ss, who was born November 22, 1775, and 
 Marv (Dunham) Curtiss, born .lanuary 28, 
 17K-1, and married in their native State (New 
 York) October 7, 1802. On their arrival in 
 Michigan they settled in ^^onn)e. ami n few 
 
586 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 yeai's later moved to Eaisinville, where they 
 lived for three years, when they moved to 
 Dundee, to which he afterward platted an ad- 
 dition, and where for over half a century Mr. 
 Curtiss lived the life of an honest, upright man, 
 respected by all his friends and neighbors. 
 There being no educational facilities in Monroe 
 county, he went to the common schools of his 
 native State for a short time and laid the 
 o-roundwork of an education, which he after- 
 wards built upon by his own application and 
 common sense until he became what might 
 aptly be termed a .self-educated man, and known 
 by all his acquaintances as a careful and con- 
 servative business man, just in all his dealings 
 with his fellow-men, and whose word was held 
 as good as his bond by all who knew him. In 
 politics he was a Democrat of the old school, 
 and while not a politician in any sense of the 
 word was elected to many important offices, 
 among which was that of county treasurer, to 
 which he was elected for two yeai's, his brother- 
 in-law, Amos T. Heacock, being his deputy, 
 and who was afterwards elected to the same 
 oflBce. For five years he was the shop keeper 
 in the Michigan State's Prison at Jackson, from 
 which position he was promoted to that of 
 deputy warden, which office he held for five 
 years, to the entire satisfaction of the Stale 
 officials in charge of that institution. During 
 his career at Jackson he suggested many val- 
 uable improvements in the management of the 
 prison, which arc still cherished by the State 
 board. 
 
 His wife, Hannah M. Heacock, to whom he 
 was married December 28, 1844, was born in 
 Seneca county. New York, July 16, 1823, antl 
 is the mother of Sidney B. Curtiss, born in 
 Dundee January 20, 1840, the husband of 
 Jane R. Eawson, who was born October 18, 
 184(j. They also have one child, Chloe M. 
 Curtiss, born April 19, 1869. Mrs. Hannah M. 
 Curtiss is the daughter of Samuel C. and Cath- 
 erine (Lynch) Heacock, both natives of New 
 York, the former born in 1792, and dj-ing No- 
 vember 29, 1850; the latter born in 1799, and 
 dying in Dundee December 20, 1861. While 
 not a member of any church Mr. Curtiss lived 
 ail upright Christian life, and taking the golden 
 rule as his motto was esteemed by all his largo 
 circle of ncquaintances as a good citizen, a 
 warm friend and a kind hu.sband and father, 
 and his death, which occurred February- 22, 
 
 1882, was mourned by all who knew him. 
 During his residence of over fifty j^ears in 
 Dundee he was a witness of many of the 
 (dianges wrought by the march of civilization, 
 and which brought the little hamlet of a few 
 scattering log houses and a scoi'e or so of in- 
 habitants into a thriving incorporated village 
 of nearly two thousand souls. 
 
 WILLIAM EARL SLAYTON 
 
 Is of German descent, his parents, Andrew and 
 Dorothy (Hibbard) Slayton, coming from 
 Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, the former dying 
 at Dundee December 24, 1880, at the ago of 
 sixty-six, of inflammation of the lungs; the 
 latter now living in good health sixty-six years 
 old. Mr. Slayton was born at Dundee March 
 12, 1848, and after the usual education of the 
 district school attended the high school at 
 Hudson, Lenawee countj-, after which he went 
 to farming, first on the Van Wormer farm for 
 a year, then bu^'ing a farm in Dundee, where 
 he lived for seven years. After this he moved 
 into the village of Dundee and bought out the 
 brick and tile yard of Truman Gee, to which, 
 in February, 1889, he added a lumber yard, 
 and furnishes all kinds of pine lumber for 
 building purposes. The capacity of his brick 
 yard is about one million brick and five hun- 
 dred thousand feet of tile per annum. He was 
 married at Blissfield, Michigan, December 31, 
 1885, to Margaret Bazella, daughter of John 
 and Lucy (Upell) Perry, whose children are: 
 Harry William, born January 7, 1887, and 
 Zulu Margaret, born February 21, 1889. 
 
 STEPHEN THURSTON HARDY, 
 
 The oldest son of David and Elizabeth (Ward) 
 Hardy was born in Clearmont, Hilisboro 
 county. New Hampshire, July 24, 1812, and is 
 the second of a family of seven children. His 
 parents were farmers in Massachusetts, and in 
 1825, with the entire family, emigrated to 
 Michigan and took up a tract of Government 
 land near what is now Ypsilanti, when 
 there were but three log cabins on the site of 
 the present city. In 1829 he sold his claim 
 and moved to Augusta in Washtenaw county, 
 where he purchased a farm, and David and 
 
'^/[jzy-^yk^A^^ J^ '^c^<yU( 
 
tOWNSHlP HISTORIES. 
 
 o87 
 
 Stephen operated n saw and grist mill for 
 many years on Stony Creeic, near Augusta. 
 October 15, 1840, he married Matilda Alzada, 
 daiiglitcr of Fisher Ames and Ecbecca (Piclc- 
 ering) Darling, at her home in London town- 
 ship. She was born in Mondon, Massachu- 
 setts. April 3, 1S20. Her father was born in 
 Khode Island March 11, 1792, and died Novem- 
 ber 23, 184."). Her mother was born in Massa- 
 chusetts April 18, 17!t3, and died May 22, 1873. 
 The journey of the elder Hardy from Massa- 
 cluisetts to Michigan was a stormy one, being 
 wrecked near Cleveland, Ohio, and compelled 
 to go on foot for nianj- a weary mile to their 
 new home in the wild woods of ^licbigan. 
 During his father's life Stephen remained at 
 home, and from the time of liis marriage till 
 his father's death at Ypsilanti in September, 
 18(iC, by power of attornoj- he acted as his gen- 
 eral agent in the transaction of his business, 
 and at his death settled up tlie estate without 
 the appointment of an administrator. He con- 
 tinued the occupation of a farmer and miller 
 
 until 1871, when he retired from active work, 
 and with his wife moved to the village of Dun- 
 dee, where ho has since lived a retired and 
 peaceful life awaiting the summons that sooner 
 or later comes to all to put off this mortality 
 and put on immortalit\-, and while neither ho 
 nor his wife have ever joined any church, both 
 have lived the life of Christians, following the 
 precepts of the golden rule. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Hardy have raised a family of twelve children, 
 five boys and seven girls, of whom two girls 
 and one boy live in Dundee ; one girl in Lon- 
 don, and one girl and one boy in Augusta. 
 Mr. Hardy is a life long Democrat, but has 
 never taken any active part in politics. Ho 
 was highway commissioner in Washtenaw 
 county for several years, and was elected 
 justice of the peace, but refused to qualify. 
 Under the administration of Harrison he was 
 appointed postmaster at Oakvillu post office, in 
 the township of Augusta, which position he held 
 for some five years. 
 
 ERIE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 When that portion of Monroe countj' that 
 now comprises the town of Erie was first set- 
 tled by white people is questionable. The 
 Jesuit priests, explorers and voj-ageurs at a 
 very early day, following the shores of Lake 
 Erie from Maumee Bay, approached Bay 
 Creek, and they were evidently favorably im- 
 pressed with the general appearance of the 
 country in that vicinity, finding there a stream 
 that readil}- admitted the canoes and bateaux 
 of large size, the only facilities then in use for 
 traversing the newly discovered country of the 
 northwestern territory. That they then estab- 
 lished missionary stations and trading posts 
 there can be no doubt, for when the Govern- 
 ment of the United States first purchased by 
 treat\- with the Indians that portion of our 
 territory, there were in different parts of Baj- 
 Settlement (now Erie) large pear and apple 
 trees, many of which measured seven feet 
 in circumference near the ground, and covered 
 a surface of forty feet in diameter in the out- 
 spread of the branches, while the land bore the 
 impress and appearance of having for years 
 been under cultivation by a number of French 
 
 families who were at that earlj- day the pio- 
 neers of the country. 
 
 These pioneers from the Canadas and 
 " Sunny France," who preceded the English- 
 speaking people in the settlement of this town, 
 were a hardy class of people, with great powers 
 of endurance, and from living so many ye.ars 
 near the savage tribes of Indians adopted many 
 of their habits and customs, one of which was 
 their strong aversion to work except when 
 driven to it by stern necessity. Their wants 
 were few, and being to a very great extent de- 
 pendent upon the chase, the}' readily procured 
 from the abundance of wild game, large and 
 small, that abounded in the forests, skins and 
 peltries which they exchanged for rude cloth- 
 ing, blankets, ammunition, coffee, whiskj- and 
 tobacco, and not until a ver}- recent date have 
 the buckskin shirts, fur coats, leggins and shoe 
 packs given place by their descendants to the 
 underwear, lioots and shoes in use at the pres. 
 ent time. It would be putting it very mild 
 should I say that they were temperate in the 
 use of whisky and tobacco, and unrestrained 
 by Red Ribbon Societies or temperance advo- 
 
588 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MlCHIOANf. 
 
 eaten. The fur traders were caivt'iil to have 
 an abundant su])i)Iy thereof, as a large share of 
 their profits wore derived from tiieir sale. 
 
 If they needed meat they liad but to load their 
 carabines and away to the woods, game being 
 abundant, and they were sure to return in a 
 few hours with a black bear or one or two deer. 
 Failing in this they would shoot a hog, carry 
 it home, lay it on the ground, cover it with 
 straw and other light combustibles, then set fire 
 to it, singeing the hair and bristles off; they 
 would then scrape it and turn it over and i-e- 
 peat the singeing and scraping process ; that 
 completed, they would hang it up and dress it. 
 The next move would be to procure a jug of 
 whisky, though it might involve the necessity 
 of going miles for it. Neighbors were then in- 
 formed and invited, and so long as the game or 
 hog lasted there was no end of feasting and 
 carousing. These excitements seemed to 
 constitute the greater part of their enjoyment. 
 
 Another custom worthy of notice was their 
 mode of shoeing a horse or colt for the first 
 time. As no pains were taken to render the 
 animal gentle or kind with a view to such an 
 end, the colt or horse was caught on the com- 
 mons and handled enough to render it possible 
 to lead him with a rope, and the gi-eater the 
 resistance the greater the excitement. The 
 blacksmith, instead of holding the horse's foot 
 as smiths usuallj- do in these days, would place 
 the foot on a board some four or five feet long 
 hy four or five inches broad, which was always 
 kept in the shop ; this was held at an angle of 
 45 degrees. Every thing being ready, resort 
 was had to the jug in the corner, then the pro- 
 cess of paring the hoof preparatory to setting 
 the shoo was commenced. This was always ac- 
 companied with a great deal of talking, laugh- 
 ing and coarse joking, as large crowds of men 
 and boys always congregated on such oc- 
 casions. The sotting of the shoes was followed 
 by a return to the jug in the corner. Tiie 
 whole operation often occupied the entire day. 
 
 Dancing at their feasts constituted a part of 
 the amusement, the music generally consisting 
 of a violin, the fiddler knowing but one or two 
 tunes, and these pitched to a high key, their 
 idea of music being noise with verj- little 
 harmony ; they rarely danced more than two 
 or three figures, the rest of the time being- 
 given to frolicking. 
 
 Another source of amusement with tliese 
 
 simple people was horse-racing in the winter 
 on the ice, with French ponies, the only kinti 
 of horses then in use here, a breed of horses of 
 great powers of endurance, and frefj^uently fast 
 for the times. 
 
 In March, 1826, one of the most celebrated 
 races of the times occurred on the border of 
 Lake Erie, between the pacer White Stocking, 
 owned by Isadoro Navarre, and a French 
 pacing pony owned by Stephen Duval : dis- 
 tance, two miles. The owner of White Stock- 
 ing had, the year previous, challenged the 
 world to run against him, being deemed the 
 swiftest horse in North America, but in this 
 instance was distanced by several rods. Dur- 
 ing the winter months contests calculated to 
 test the powers of enduraiice of these French 
 ponies were- of frequent occurrence, at times 
 accomplishing one hundred miles on the ice 
 between the rising and setting of the sun. 
 The ponies were not fed beibre starting in the 
 morning, but driven ten or fifteen miles before 
 given a light feed, and then sped on their way 
 again. 
 
 For their evening amusements they resorted 
 to dancing and card pla^'ing. As they had 
 but very little communication with the outside 
 world, they lacked enterprise. They were 
 satisfied with raising enough to make the ends 
 of the year nieet. The highest ambition of i\n- 
 young men was to own a French pony, with 
 saddle and bridle. 
 
 In later years, in fact long after the war of 
 1812, the Eoman Catholic religion prevailed to 
 the exclusion of all other sects. The Catholic 
 priests, for whom they had great respect and 
 veneration, bad great power and influence over 
 them, influencing them to a sti-ict observance 
 of the holy days, of which there were annually 
 over forty, attending church in the morning, 
 while the afternoon was given up to various 
 amusements. In the early days of the settle- 
 ment, miscegenation was tolerated to a great 
 extent. The original French had no scruples 
 about intermarrying with the Indian squaws, 
 and it was fre([ueutly the ease the descendants 
 bad more of the characteristics of the Indian 
 than of the French stock from whence they 
 originated, but later intermarriage with the 
 English-speaking people created a great change 
 in this respect, and a marked difference is ap- 
 parent. This was not encouraged by the 
 priesthood, and numerous excommunications 
 
TOWNSIlll' IIISTOKIKS. 
 
 osit 
 
 occurred for niai-rnng outside of the jmle of 
 the Catholic churcli. 
 
 The introduction of Kuir'ish schools iji the 
 settlement, of which tlie Hon. Salmon Keeney 
 had the lionor of being the first organizer and 
 teacher, produced a mai-ked change in the con- 
 dition of the Frencli inhabitants. The exami- 
 nation of early records will show that near!}- 
 every conveyance was signed with the cross, 
 while now it would be difficult to find one of 
 their descendants in tbo settlement without a 
 common school education. 
 
 The first English local pi'cacdier. William 
 Wilkinson by name, tbat was heard in this 
 township, came from Canada in 1832 with his 
 family, and settled on the road leading from 
 Ten Mile Creek to Monroe. His humble log 
 cabin, yet unfinished, was surrounded by a forest 
 with the exception of a beautiful lawn of wild 
 grass in front of the house. One of the inci- 
 dents occurrini; during bis early ministry is 
 worthy of a pei-manent record. The fii'st Sab- 
 bath after tbey had completed their new home, 
 earl\- in the morning a beautiful deer maile its 
 appearance upon the lawn in front of the house 
 and began to feed upon the wild grass. John, 
 the elder son, bad taken tlown bis rifle and was 
 prcj)aring to shoot the animal. The conscien- 
 tious local preacher stopped him, saying, 
 •There must not be any shooting about his 
 premises on Sunday. Ife had not left his re- 
 ligion in Canada, but hail bi'ouglit it with him 
 into Michigan, and the sanctit}- of the Sabbath 
 must be observed by all the members of the 
 familj- as it had been in the i)ast." 
 
 John said he believed God had sent it to 
 tbem, as there was not a mouthful of meat in 
 the house. 
 
 " No, my son. God never sent that deer to bo 
 killed on the Sabbath. He never tempts peo- 
 |de to do wrong." 
 
 John put away his gun i-elu(tanll\', remark- 
 ing " he hoped he might never have such a 
 Methodist religion, there was too much super- 
 stition connected with it." 
 
 On Monday- morning about the same time of 
 day it had appeared on the Sabbath morn- 
 ing, the deer returned to the same ]dace in 
 companj- with a large buck. Mrs. Wilkinson 
 called John and her husband an<l directed 
 their attention to the beautiful sight. John 
 sprang for his loaded ritle atid was sighting 
 the buck. 
 
 '■ .\o. my son," said .Mi-. Wilkinson. '• I want 
 you to shoot the doe first." 
 
 " Father, whj- not take the buck ' He is 
 much the largest." 
 
 ■ Do as I say and then you will find out what 
 I mean, and I will teach you something, \ny 
 son, about bunting. Take good aim, don't get 
 e.xcited, antl shoot the doe right back of the 
 shoulder." 
 
 John fired, and as the bullet struck' the doc 
 she bleated, the buck still standing waiting for 
 his mate to start with him. John then loaded 
 mikI fired again ; the buck dro])ped. As John 
 and his fatiier walked out and stood beside 
 their j)rize, John was perfectly delighted. 
 
 " Now, my son." said his father, " I want you 
 to remember there is nothing to be made by 
 breaking the Sabbath. God never rewards 
 people for disobeying his requirements, but 
 always rewards obedience to his will. Now 
 you have two deer for one by keeping the 
 Sabbath; the doe not being disturbed yesterday 
 i-etnrned to-day with her mate, and the scarcity 
 of meat of which you complained has been 
 aliiindanlly supplied, and you have the pleasure 
 of knowing you have kept the Sabbath and 
 have obliged youi- [larents. And now, John, 
 what do you think to-day of your father's re- 
 ligion and his Methodism?" 
 
 John hesitated; " Well, to be honest, I like it 
 much better than I did yesterday." 
 
 .\ society known as the Krie Vigilance Soci- 
 ety, whose object was to try and put a stop to 
 horse stealing, which a( the time was a source 
 of much annoyance and loss to the inhabitants, 
 was organized in Ivrie in April, 1840. The 
 first meeting of citizens for this i)urposc was in 
 res|)Onse to a nunierousl}' signed call. 
 
 Looking at the map we find Monroe county 
 and Erie township in the extreme southeast 
 corner of the State of Michigan, the Buckeye 
 State bounding it on the south, Bedford and 
 LaSalle on the west and north, and the waters 
 of liake Erie circumscribing its eastern limits. 
 I'nlil reorganized by act of legislature, it 
 comprised the ))resent townships of TiaSalle, 
 Bedfi>r(l and Whitelbrd, and that portion of the 
 lirescnt State of Ohio which belonged to the 
 Territory of .Michigan ])rior to its organization 
 as a State in 1S37. 
 
 The first township meeting was at the 
 house of Francois Cousineau, at the Bay 
 Settlement, on Monday, May 28, 1827. For 
 
590 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Erie township officers the reader is referred to 
 page 272. 
 
 In October, 1829, Hon. Sahnon Keeney was 
 by Governor Cass appointed justice of the 
 peace. 
 
 The first meeting of the inspectors of schools 
 for the township of Erie, of which there is any 
 record, was held at the house of J. T. Gilbert, 
 April 10, 1837, at which time John P. Rowe 
 was chosen chairman of the board, and on 
 May 27th they met and divided the township 
 into eight school districts, to which an- 
 other was added the next month. October 
 10, 1838, the annual report was made to the 
 cou-nty clerk, by which ninety-five pupils ap- 
 pear to have attended. The enrollment shown 
 is as follows : In 184.5, 321 scholars, apportion- 
 ment, $89.88 ; 18-16, $106.95; 1847, $122.88 ; 
 1851, $168.64; 1855, $242.88; 1857, $249.10; 
 1858, *257.00 ; 1859, $226.51. 
 
 In 1834 the first scliool house was erected 
 by private subscription. The building was a 
 frame placed on district No. 1, and John T. 
 Gilbert was the first teacher. Following him 
 we have a Miss Gunn from Waterville, Ohio, 
 and in the winter of 1835-6, by John P. Rowe. 
 The next school house was built as a saloon 
 and grocery in the village about 1840, and pur- 
 chased for school purposes a short time after. 
 In 1850 the third, of brick, was built in the 
 village. The fourth was a frame building 
 erected on District No. 5, in 1852; the filth in 
 1853, a frame building on District No. 3. 
 
 In 1826 a post office, known as Bay Settle- 
 ment, was opened with Benoni Newkirk as 
 postmaster. He was followed by Salmon Kee- 
 ney, 1833 to 1847, and in 1834 he had the name 
 
 of the office changed to Erie, to correspond 
 
 with the name of the township. 
 
 In 1847 Ira Smith handled the mail bags for 
 
 two years. From 1848 to 1863, Horace Hertz- 
 
 ler delivered the letters, and in 1863 James 
 
 Cousino took his place, to be succeeded in 1868 
 
 b}' B. Y. Darling, and shortly after, George B. 
 
 Smith. Then came John Weeman, who for 
 
 nearly twenty j'ears officiated, until in 1886 E. 
 
 W. Hilton was appointed. 
 
 In 1836 the village of Vienna was platted by 
 
 Christian Hertzler, and by act of legislature 
 
 was changed to Erie in 1850. 
 
 The first white settlers in the township were 
 
 Hycinthe Bernard and Louis Momenee, about 
 
 1800. 
 
 The first cemetery was the old Roman Cath- 
 olic cemetery near the church, which was 
 opened about 1816. The second by the Prot- 
 estants on section 8, about 1835. 
 
 Railroad communication was opened in 1858 
 by the advent of the Lake Shore, and ten years 
 later by the Michigan Central. 
 
 The principal hotel in the village, the Brie 
 House, was built in 1853, and after being sold 
 to several parties passed to the possession of 
 the present proprietor, John Weeman, in 1865, 
 who came here in 1845 from Canton, St. Law- 
 rence county. New York, with his wife and two 
 boys (twins), Hannibal and Hamilton, and who 
 has held several offices of trust. 
 
 JAMES MULHOLLEN, 
 
 A prospei'ous farmer on section eight of Erie 
 township, was born in Erie March 24, 1836, 
 the son of James and Sarah (Agnew) Mulhol- 
 len, and on December 29,1861, was married to 
 Anna, daughter of Elihu and Maria (Wilson) 
 Hall, who is the mother of three children, two 
 girls, Estella and Carrie, both living at home, 
 and one boy, Henry, who was married Febru- 
 ary 14, 1890, to May Hall. The farm of one 
 hundred acres is pleasantly located on the old 
 Government road, about seven miles south of 
 Monroe, and was purchased b}' his father, and 
 on which he was living at the time of his 
 death. In polities Mr. Mulhollen has always 
 been a Democrat, but has always refused to 
 accept any offices at the hands of his political 
 party. 
 
 His father, James, was for twelve or fifteen 
 years township supervisor, and deputy count}- 
 sheriff for several years. In 1839 while hold- 
 ing the latter office he attempted to recapture 
 a counterfeiter, who had made his escape from 
 the eount}^ jail, and pursuing him as far as the 
 Waterloo farm, after a severe fight, during 
 which the criminal cut off all the buttons on 
 his vest, was compelled to kill the fugitive in 
 defense of his own life. 
 
 JOHN G. PEABODY 
 
 Was a native of Nashua, New Hampshire, 
 where he was born December 26, 1791, and 
 with but few advantages in hie early life to 
 
ff^ ^\ 
 
 
TOWNSHtr HISTORIES. 
 
 :m 
 
 acquire an education, yet bj" observation and 
 jinsh worked hi.? \va3' up from the humble ap- 
 |)i-entiee of a village liiacksmitli to that of a 
 ]u-o.sperous manufacturer and farmer at the 
 time ofiii.sdeath, which occurred in Krie town- 
 ship August lit. 1859. When in his nineteenth 
 year his nia.ster moved to Antigonisli, Nova 
 Scotia, and Mr. Pcahody went with him. and a 
 short time afterward bought liis time of him 
 and opened quite a large establishment for the 
 manufacture of a.xes. which he supplied to the 
 whole.sale trade. Three j-ears later, February 
 23, 1814, he wa.s married by the IJev. James 
 .\[onroe, to Harriet Sophia Irisii, who died 
 .May 20, 1843, at the age of forty three. Of a 
 large family of children but fourare now living, 
 viz. ; Francis William, born December (i, 1830 ; 
 and Harriet Hill, born September 12, 1824, 
 both living in Escondido, San Diego county, 
 California ; Caroline Sophia, born July 20, 1827, 
 and living in Texas; and Adelaide, born Octo- 
 ber (5, 183."), and living in Pagetown, Morrow 
 county, Ohio. In 183G he left Nova Scotia 
 and moved to Buffalo, coming on his own ves- 
 sel to Providence, Rhode Lsland. After living 
 in Buffalo for about three years engaged in 
 business, during which he lost the accumula- 
 
 tions of a lirctinie to the amount of nearly forty 
 thousand dollars. He moved to Toledo in 
 1831), and there opened a general store and be- 
 gan life anew, but everything looked dark and 
 gloomy, the swamp fever attacking the entire 
 family to such an extent that Adelaide, then 
 liiU five years of age, was the only one able to 
 be up and about the house. In 1841 he settled 
 in Erie town.ship, and going to his native place 
 Se])tembcr 10, 1843. was married to Lucy Ann 
 Cogswell, who was born in Concord, New 
 Hampshire, January 23, 1810, and who.se on Ij- 
 child. Almira HIizabeth, was born June 8, 1846, 
 and September 11, 1870, was married to John 
 A. ^IcDonald, a well-to-do farmer in Erie. His 
 second wife died at Erie January 2, 1888, and 
 with the remains of Mr. Peabody and his first 
 wife are resting in Woodlawn Cemetery at 
 Toledo, Ohio. All through his life Mr. Pea- 
 body endeavored to .so live as to gain the 
 esteem of his fellow-citizens as an honest, up- 
 right man, a good husband and kind father. 
 On his death, August 16, 1859, he was buried 
 with Masonic honors by the members of ^lon- 
 roe Lodge, No. 27, F. and A. M.. of which he 
 was one of the oldest members. 
 
 EXETER TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This township was organized in 1836 out of 
 London, to which it had been set off from 
 Raisinville in 1833. From 18.38 to 1842 there 
 were no supervisors, their duties being per- 
 formed by county commissioners. The first 
 election was held In April, 1836, at which Gil- 
 bert Palmer was elected supervisor: Patrick 
 (^)rrigan in 1837, Moses Bowlsby in 1838, Pat- 
 rick Corrigan in 1839, .lohn Murphy- in 1842 
 and 1843, Luke Duniiin in 1844, Lewis Welch 
 in 1845. John Murphy in 1846 and 1847, Luke 
 l>unn in 1848, Lewis Welch in 1849. and Ber- 
 nard Kaleigh in 1850. The records of super- 
 visors from 1850 to 1873 were consumed when 
 the court house was burned. For supervisors 
 and town officers from 1873 to 1888 inclusive, 
 the reader is referred to page 273. 
 
 The village of Maybee, within this town- 
 ship, is a direct outgrowth of the building of 
 the Canada Southern Railway. The large 
 amount of limber adjacent to the site first devel- 
 
 oped the manufacture of charcoal, and a small 
 village sprang up around the kilns and side- 
 track. Its original site was on the farm of 
 .\bram Maybee, E.sq.. and from this the place 
 took its name. From the small beginning of 
 ehai'coal burning an active and enterprising 
 village, with industrial and mercantile at- 
 tachments, has followed. Messrs. Maybee & 
 Hasle^' have a finely equipped roller floui'ing 
 mill; three general stores, kept by Burgess 
 & Young. Charles Happy and Joseph Klotz : 
 blacksmith shops, with market, wagon shojis, 
 a fine hotel kept by Charles Jeloch, and a num- 
 ber ofe.xccllent houses. Dr. Lawrence Bald- 
 win has an office there. There is a fine school 
 and two churches, a Congregationalist and St. 
 .loseph's Catholic Church which has been re- 
 cently completed, under the energetic adminis- 
 tration of Rev. James Ronayne, with which is 
 connected an excellent parochial school, under 
 the charge of Miss Beddoes, of Wyandg^te. 
 
592 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 FRENCHTOWN TOWNSHIP. 
 
 This was oue of tlio townshii^s reorganized 
 in 1827. The old boundaries were retained, 
 including Ash and Berlin. The first election, 
 in the spring of 1827, was held at the house of 
 Francis LaSalle, within the limits of the pres- 
 ent fourth ward of the citj' of Monroe. Edmund 
 Littletield was elected supervisor that year, and 
 re-elected in 1828, John B. Cicott in 1829, 1830 
 and 1831, James J. Godfrey in 1832, Laurent 
 Durocher in 1833 and 1834, Medard Couture 
 1835, and Warner Wing in 183G. The history 
 of this township is so identified with the early 
 settlement of the county and city of Monroe 
 
 that further notice is not necessary. The town- 
 ship included so much of the present city as 
 lies north of the River Uaisin, until 1818, when 
 an act of the legislature separated that portion 
 of the city from the township. Laurent Du- 
 rocher was elected supervisor in 1842, 1843, 
 1844, 1845, 1846 and 1847; Alfred G. Bates in 
 1848 and 1819, and Gouverneur Morris in 1850. 
 The records of suvervisoi's and town officers 
 were consumed when the court house was 
 burned, and for supervisors from 1873 to 1888 
 reference is made to page 267. 
 
 IDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Ida township was organized from Raisinville 
 in 1837. Hiram Cooney was elected the first 
 supervisor at an election held at the house of 
 Thomas S. Clark. Among the first settlers 
 were George Willard, Chauncy Owen, John W. 
 Talbot, Matthew Fredenberg, John Campbell, 
 Josiah Kellogg, William Richardson, David 
 Brainard, Alonzo Durrin, Joseph Gregory and 
 Anthony Briggs. The supervisors elected 
 after 1837 were as follows : Richmond Cheadle 
 
 in 1842, Peter K. Zacharias in 1843, 1844 and 
 1845, Wesley Conant in 1846, William L. Riggs 
 in 1847, P. K. Zacharias in 1848, Nathaniel 
 Langdon in 1849 and 1850. For supervisors 
 from 1842 to 1872 reference is made to page 
 267, and for township officers from 1874 to 1888 
 inclusive reference is made to page 273. Quite 
 an enterprising little village (though not in- 
 corporated) has sprung up at the station of the 
 Lake Shore Railway in this town. 
 
 LASALLE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 LaSalle township was settled about the year 
 1790, there being at Otter Creek in 1794 twenty- 
 two ftxmilies, but as a township by itself was 
 organized in 1830 out of the township of Erie, 
 and the first election was held July 31, 1830, at 
 the house of Antoine Lafontain, there being 
 thirty-five votes cast. Francis Charter was 
 elected supei"visor, and again in 1831, 1832, 
 
 1833, 1834 and 1835. Charles Villette was 
 township clerk in 1836, and almost constantly 
 thereafter until his death in 1874. Samuel M. 
 Bartlett was elected supervisor in 1842. For 
 supervisors from 1842 to 1872 reference is made 
 to page 267, and for town officers from 1872 to 
 1888 reference is made to page 273. 
 
 LONDON TOWNSHIP 
 
 Was organized out of Raisinville and Sum- 
 merfield in 1833, its boundaries comjjosed of 
 what is now Exeter, London and Milan. The 
 part now constituting Milan before that be- 
 longed to Summerfleld. 
 
 The first township meeting was held April 1, 
 1833, at the house of Abrahani Hayek. Cyrus 
 
 Everett was elected supervisor ; Henry Chitten- 
 den, clerk ; William E. Marvin, John C. Sterl- 
 ing and Samuel Nichols, jr., assessors. Cyrus 
 Everett was re-elected supervisor in 1834, 1835, 
 1836 and 1837. For supervisors from 1842 to 
 1888 inclusive, see page 267; and for township 
 officers from 1873 to 1888, see page 274. 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 503 
 
 MILAN TO^A'NSHIP. 
 
 Milan township lies in the extreme noi-ili- 
 west corner of Monroe county. The Toledo, 
 Ann Arbor and Xorth Michigan Kailwu}- 
 jiasses through the eastern portion of the 
 township with Azalia (formerly East Milan, 
 P. O. Eeeves Settlement) and Milan as its 
 depots, and the Detroit Division of the Wabash 
 railroad, also with two stations: Cones (formerly 
 known as West Milan) and Milan within the 
 township limits. The township is watered by 
 Saline river, Maoon and Bear creeks, and 
 Centre Ditch. 
 
 The first officers of ililan township were : 
 .Supervisor, Warren Mead; township clerk, 
 David A. Woodward; justices of the peace, 
 John Spaulding, Warren Mead, Alva Marsh and 
 David A. Woodward ; assessors, James Whaley. 
 Luther N. Sanford, Xoah Chittenden. 
 
 For supervisors from 1873-1888, see page 
 267. For township officers from 1873-1889, 
 see page 275. 
 
 In 1833 a post office was opened with Bethuel 
 Hack as postmaster. It was known as Farmers 
 or Tolanville. In 1834 David A. Woodward 
 was appointed, and in 1836 the name was 
 changed to Milan, although up to 1859 it was 
 called Tolanville, Woodward's Mills and Milan, 
 at which time the name was officially changed 
 to Milan by order of the Postmaster General. 
 The first school house was built in the spring 
 of 1837 by William and George M. Han-son. 
 and was a frame building on the site of 
 Charles M. Elackmer's residence. The Milan 
 Leader was started in March, 1882, hy A. B. 
 Smith and A. E. Putnam, the former purchas- 
 ing the entire interest in 1884. It is indepen- 
 dent in politics, and has a circulation of 700. 
 
 Up to 1866 the various denominations held 
 services from time to time in the school houses 
 or private buildings. In 1888 the corner stone 
 of the new memorial Methodist Episcopal 
 church was laid bj' the Rev. M. H. Bartram, 
 the present pastor. The Free Methodist 
 church has a membership dating from the win- 
 ter of 1865-6. 
 
 West Milan was opened as a post office in 
 1859 with John C. Cone postmaster. In 1880 
 the Wabash Western Railroad was opened 
 through, and the station called Cone, and the 
 
 following j'ear the name of the post office was 
 changed to correspond. In 1885 the pi'esent 
 incumbent, W. Curry, succeeded Mr. Cone as 
 postmaster. 
 
 At this point as early as 1846 the Jioman 
 Catiiolic church was organized by Rev. Pierre 
 Smothers, of Detroit, and attached to the 
 Ypsilanti parish. The church was started in 
 1848 and an addition built in 1855. 
 
 In 1866 Rev. Thomas Lupton organized a 
 class in the Methodist Episcopal church, with 
 a large number of members. Services were 
 held in the old school hou.se until thej' could 
 build a church, which was done in the summer 
 of 1867, and <ledicated in February, 1868, by 
 Elder L. H. Dean. 
 
 East Milan, or Reeves Station, where Reeves 
 and son had established themselves as the 
 Star Bending Company, was opened as a post 
 office in 1866, with Stephen Frink as post- 
 master, mainly through the exertions of Daniel 
 T. Hazen, who, with a few others, deemed the 
 business done there to be of sufficient amount 
 to obviate the necessitj' of going to West Milan 
 for their mail. Mr. Hazen took the office in 
 1867, and was followed in 1872 by Joseph 
 -Meadows. John AI. Lewis succeeded in 1877, 
 and in 1884 the office was turned over to A. C. 
 Reynolds. On September 1, 1887, the post- 
 master-general issued an official order changing 
 the name of the ])ost office from East Milan to 
 Azalia (to correspond with the name of the 
 R. R. station) and ajipointeil Joseph Meadows 
 postmaster. 
 
 A class of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 was formed here in 1856, with Shubcl Lewis 
 leader. In 1870 they built and dedicated a 
 brick church, which is supplied everj- other 
 week by Rev. J. G. Morgan, of Dundee. 
 
 The Toledo, Ann Arbor and Grand Trunk 
 Railroad (now the Toledo, Ann Arbor and 
 North Michigan) was opened June 8, 1878, 
 and the Detroit, Butler and St. Louis Railroad 
 (now the Detroit Divison of the Wabash Rail- 
 road) in the summer of 1880. The dividing 
 line of Washtenaw and Monroe counties }>asseB 
 through the village, which is mostly in the 
 (ormer county, and we find was incorporated 
 in March, 1885. 
 
594 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 MONROE TOWNSHIP 
 
 Was one of the five townships reorganized in 
 1827. The boundaries were not changed, and 
 included so much of the city of Monroe as lies 
 south of the River Eaisin till 18-18, when the 
 city was set oti' by itself. 
 
 The fir.'st election in 1827 was held at the 
 court hou.se in the village of Monroe. On the 
 28th day of May, 1827, Samuel Choate was 
 elected supervisor; Edward D. Ellis, clerk; 
 Jeremiah Lawrence, Joseph G. Navarre and 
 Samuel Stone, sr., were elected assessors; Hi- 
 ram Brown, Dan. MulhoUen and Samiicl H. 
 Gale, commissioners; George Alford and Wil- 
 liam P. Gale, overseers of the poor. Of the 
 
 votes cast in 1827 whose names are on the poll 
 list, none are cow living. Samuel Choate was 
 re-elected supervisor in 1828; Walter Colton 
 in 1829 and 1830; Daniel S. Bacon in 1831; 
 Luther Harvey in 1832 and 1833; Edward D. 
 Ellis in 1834; Peter P. Ferry in 1836; Nathan 
 Hubble in 1842. For supervisors from 1842- 
 1872, reference is made to page 267, and for 
 township officers from 1872 to 1888 inclusive, 
 reference is made to page 275. The early set- 
 tlement of this town is largeh' identified with 
 the early settlement heretofore detailed with 
 that of the city of Monroe. 
 
 RAISINVILLE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 The township of Eaisin ville was one of the 
 five townshi])s reorganized in 1827, and ex- 
 tended over the present townships of Ida, Dun- 
 dee, London, Milan and Summertield. The 
 town meetings were generally held at Giles' 
 Tavern, about ten miles below the present site 
 of Petersburgh. 
 
 The first land in this region was entered by 
 John Anderson, generally known as Col. An- 
 derson, March 1, 1822. On the 23d of the fol- 
 lowing October, W. Comstock entered land. 
 Anderson did not settle or improve this tract, 
 but sold it to a man by the name of Blanchard 
 in October, 1823, who built a house thereon, 
 and began to improve the land. This property 
 is now owned by N. C. Dunham, son of Dr. 
 Nelson Dunham, who was an early settler. 
 Blanchard was an extraordinary man, possess- 
 ing courage and fortitude sufficient to make a 
 hero of him, had it been exercised in the right 
 direction. He was unfortunate in the loss of a 
 leg, amputated at Monroe only a year or two 
 after he had settled on his land. As an in- 
 stance of his fortitude and enduraneo, it is 
 stated that when the usual preparations were 
 made for amputation, he stepped composedly 
 up to the table and deliberately laid his leg 
 thereon and submitted to the operation with- 
 out exhibiting any signs of nervousness except 
 a slight twitching of the muscles at the time 
 the surgeon reached the bone. Prom that lime 
 to the day of his death he exercised all the 
 faculties of an energetic pioneer, and woe to 
 
 the Indian who crossed his path after he had 
 but one leg to use. During this period he 
 went one day to Monroe to mill, and on his re- 
 turn was beset by Indians. Having a jug of 
 whisky with him, ho was annoyed by one in 
 particuhir, who seemed determined to possess 
 himself of the jug, or at least part of its con- 
 tents. Blanchard leaped to the ground, seized 
 an axe that he had with him and struck the 
 Indian in the breast, burying the axe therein. 
 The victim was buried on a spot of ground 
 now owned by M. G. Tyler, about three quar- 
 ters of a mile above Petersburgh. 
 
 At the time the events we have just related 
 (1823), several families came in, and the wil- 
 derness began to assume the appearance of 
 civilization. Those who located claims near 
 Blanchard were Walter Comstock, sr., Horace 
 Hart, John Preston and James Smith. During 
 the same j-ear Gideon Wells settled on the op- 
 posite side of the river from Blanchard, and his 
 sons, Morris, Seth and Louis soon after settled 
 near him— Morris on the farm recently owned 
 by John Page ; Seth on the Spencer place, 
 then owned by Col. Levi S. Humphrey, of 
 Monroe, and Louis Blanchard on a jjoint of 
 land near the lower bridge at Petersburgh, now 
 or lately owned by Earl Tremain. 
 
 In 1824 several more families moved in, 
 among them Richard Peters, deceased, the 
 father of John, George and Charles Peters, all 
 of whom are now living in the immediate 
 neighborhood of Petersburgh, highly respected 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 595 
 
 and esteemed substantial farmers. J. N. 
 Wadsworth and George Wilcox, of Dundee, 
 were among the ])ioneers of this township. 
 The widow of Mr. Wadsworth still occupies the 
 first frame house framed and enclosed in the 
 two towns, situated on tlio south side of the 
 river, between Dundee and Petersburgh. The 
 tirst school house, built of logs, was not fur from 
 the residence of Mr. Wadsworth. 
 
 About this time Messrs. Peters, Wells and 
 Hart went a considerable distance up the river 
 and cut u large whitewood tree and made a 
 dug-out or canoe, with which Mr. Peters fer- 
 ried travelers across the river at or near the 
 present site of the Petersburgh flouring mills. 
 This craft was eighteen feet long, and with it 
 wagons as well as people were carried over the 
 Kaisin in safety. This was the mode of cross- 
 ing until the year 1828, when a bridge was 
 built. 
 
 Originally a belt of heavy timber, consisting 
 raoslly of oak, ash, hickor\-, maple and elin, 
 from three to ten miles in width stretched 
 along the northern bank of the river, with oak 
 openings on the south side. Now much oftiiat 
 unbroken wilderness consists of fine fiirms, 
 mostly under a high state of cultivation, with 
 fine residences, commodious barns, while hero 
 and there, at irregular intervals, cliurches and 
 substantial school houses stand out as beacon- 
 lights, all denoting general prosperity and 
 progress, financiallj-, morally aiid mentally. 
 
 Previous to and for several years alter the 
 first settlement of these points by the whites, 
 the Indians occu])ied them as their camping 
 grounds and burying grounds, and many indi- 
 cations of their occupancy have existed up to 
 a very recent dale, but now the onward march 
 of civilization has obliterated all traces of their 
 existence. These Indians belonged principally 
 to the Pottawatomie and Wyandotte tribes, and 
 formed a part of the noted confederacy under 
 the leadership of thocelebrated chief Tecumseh, 
 who, with his brother, the Prophet, were the 
 principal instigators of the massacre that took 
 place on tlie River Raisin. Thus, until the 
 close of the AVar of 1812, a spirit of hostility 
 pervaded the original occupants, that rendered 
 settlement among them extremely hazardous, 
 therefore this locality was then visited by while 
 men only for the jnirpose of trade and traffic. 
 
 In attempting to record the early history of 
 this part of the Slate, it will be necessary to 
 
 refer to the preliminaries attending so im- 
 portant an undertaking as the survej' and 
 settlement proved to be. In the winter of 1808 
 Congress i)assed an act to establish the private 
 land claims of the settlers who had for a 
 certain length of time resided on these claims, 
 and to provide for this survey. 
 
 In accordance with the provisions of the 
 act, Aaron Greeley was a])pointed to make 
 the survey of all the lands in Monroe county. 
 He began the work in the fall of 1809, 
 and completed it in 1810. His work was 
 prosecuted under many serious difiiculties. 
 Such were the conflicting interests of the 
 claimants, that at times it became almost im- 
 possible to determine what their just allow- 
 ance should be. It was utterly im])ossiblo to 
 adjust the.se claims to the entire satisfaction of 
 a community holding their lands by no title 
 save that of possession. These private land 
 claims embraced the entire lake border of 
 Monroe county, and lands on either side of the 
 River Raisin, to the west line of the township 
 of Raisinville; also lands on Plum creek. 
 Otter creek, Stony creek and Swan creek. The 
 claimants were mostly French, who settled on 
 their claims at an early day. 
 
 The survey was not made according to any 
 parallels or meridians, but were run at right 
 angles with the course of the streams on which 
 they lay. The}' were generally narrow, ex- 
 tending back into the country a distance often 
 of six or eight miles, and embraced some of 
 the finest farms in Monroe county. Many of 
 these farms are still held by the descendants 
 of tlie original claimants. 
 
 There were a few English or Yankee families 
 residing in the county at that lime, who were 
 generally regai-ded as intruders upon the rights 
 of the settlers of longer standing, and were 
 consequently subject to many inconveniences 
 and privations by the original owners or 
 claimants. 
 
 At the close of the year ISll matters as- 
 sumed so much of a warlike appearance as 
 to render A resilience extremely unsafe for 
 American families, in conseijuenee of the influ- 
 ence exercised by the British leaders, and 
 others in the interest of Great Britain, over 
 the Indians. The designs of Congress, there- 
 fore, in regard to the surveying and bringing 
 into market the lands in this district, were 
 frustrated for the time being. In the summer 
 
596 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 of 1816 a party of surveyors arrived to resume 
 the work. The survey begun by this party has 
 a base line and princi])al meridian of its own, 
 separate from the adjoining States. The base 
 line begins at a point on Lake St. Clair, 173 
 links south of the southeast corner of old land 
 claim 222, and extends west to Lake Michigan, 
 a distance of 212 miles, and was run by David 
 Fletcher. The principal meridian was run 
 due north from the Maumee River, at Fort 
 Defiance, to Lake Huron. This line was run 
 by Aaron Greelej-. A full party for such a 
 campaign consisted of one surveyor, one axe 
 man, two chainbeai-ers, two pack men, two 
 hunters and one cook. 
 
 In 1817 the southeast corner of the State 
 was divided into townships, and in 1819 it was 
 subdivided into sections. When we consider 
 the circumstances and disadvantages under 
 which the work was performed — immediately 
 after the close of the war, .in which the Indians 
 had been stimulated to acts of barbaritj- — 
 
 traversing rivers and swamps, and an unbroken 
 wilderness swarming with wild beasts of prey, 
 and attended Avith dangers on every hand, we 
 can but regard them as heroic and courageous. 
 Uobert Clark meandered the River Raisin from 
 the confluence of its branches, near Adrian, to 
 its mouth, a distance ot 178 miles hy course of 
 the river. He was a veteran surveyor, and 
 died on the Indian tniii, with his compass on 
 his arm. 
 
 Riloy IngersoU (tiicn living at what was af- 
 terwards Dundee) was elected supervisor of 
 Raisinville in 1823, Samuel Atkinson in 1829, 
 Richard Mettez in 1830 and 1831, Cyrus Ever- 
 ett in 1832, Norman D. Curtis in 1833, Eliph- 
 alct Clark in 1834, Norman I). Curtis in 1835, 
 "William H. Montgomery in 1836, George Young- 
 love in 1842. For supervisors from 1842 to 
 1888, refer to page 267-270. The records from 
 1850 to 1873 were burned with the court house. 
 For town officers from 1873 to 1888 inclusive, 
 see page 276. 
 
 SUMMER FIELD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 Summerfield was settled in or about 1820, 
 among the first settlers being Seth and Polly 
 Wells, Louis, Morris and Russell Wells, Luc3', 
 Olive and Electa Wells, who settled a short dis- 
 tance east of the present village; John N. 
 Wadsworth, Richard Peters, Elihu Ward. Rich- 
 ard Peters came here in 1824, settling on sec- 
 tion four, nearly opposite the present railroad 
 station of Petersburgh, and in his house the 
 first white child, Charles Peters, was born 
 March 17, 1826. 
 
 The first school house in the township was a 
 log structure on the northwest quarter of the 
 southwest quarter of section thirty-four, on 
 what is now known as the Tremain farm (then 
 the Louis Wells farm). It was started by 
 subscription about 1827. In 1831 the building 
 becoming overcrowded a school house was built 
 on the east part of the Wadsworth farm on sec- 
 tion thirty-five, and one in the village on the 
 corner of Elm and River streets, about forty 
 rods south of the bridge, both log. The latter 
 was replaced in 1836 with a frame building, on 
 the corner of Elm and Saline streets, which was 
 opened by Alonzo Bigsby in the winter 1836-7, 
 and remained until 1869, when it was moved to 
 the eastern part of the village, converted into 
 
 a dwelling house, and the present graded 
 school built at an expense of SI, 400, There 
 are at present nine school districts in the 
 township, each having a very commodious 
 school house. The total enrollment of the 
 schools is 571 scholars, with a seating capacity 
 of 634, and an average attendance of 440. The 
 valuation of the buildings is about $20,000. 
 
 The first township meeting was held in the 
 house of Mrs. Polly Wells, a short distance 
 east of the village, having adjourned to there 
 from the house of Morris Wells. 
 
 The first bridge of which we find any rec- 
 ollection was built across the Raisin in 1828, 
 by Benjamin Davis, prior to which Richard 
 Peters ran a ferry-boat by means of which 
 both wagons and men were taken over the 
 river. 
 
 The first saw mill was built in 1829, east of 
 the present water mill, and became the pi-op- 
 erty of Cole & Wing in 1836. 
 
 In the spring of 1882 J. P. Becker com- 
 menced operations tending to the establish- 
 ment of a steam flouring mill, and with Myron 
 B. Davis the business was briskly carried for- 
 ward. They first began to grind in December, 
 1883. The main building is 45x50, three 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 ot): 
 
 stories high, and a sixty-horso power cni^ine 
 for motive power. Tlie roof is of iron, ami 
 tlie building a substantial edifice, a.s nearly 
 fire-proof as possible. Shortly after Mr. 
 Lantz purchased the intei'cst of Mr. Becker, 
 and the mill is now under the control of 
 Jvantz it Davis. In 18:52 the only doctor in 
 the township of Summerfield (including Dun- 
 dee) was ''Aunt ' Sina Parker, grandmother 
 of the Hon. Burton Parker, 1o whose skill as 
 as phj-sician, man}- still living in the town- 
 ship can bear testimony, she being ver}- suc- 
 cessful in handling the diseases then incident 
 to the country. 
 
 The village of Petcrsburgh is situated on the 
 River Kaisin a little north of the center of 
 Summerfield township, on the Detroit branch 
 of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Rail- 
 road, about midwaj' between Adrian and Mon- 
 roe. The village was originally the farm of 
 Richard Peters (from whom it was named) and 
 ilccdcd by him to Thomas T. Cole and Austin 
 !•;. Wing in 18.3(>. by whom the village was 
 platted. 
 
 The village is nicely laid out with broad 
 streets, thickly shaded with evergreen trees, 
 the streets crossing at right angles east and 
 west. The corporation is laid out into blocks 
 of about three acres each, and are uniformly 
 graded and well provided with sidewalks. For 
 communication with the outside world the 
 Lake Shore road runs three passetiger trains 
 each way daily on the Detroit division, while 
 telegraph and express facilities are much better 
 than in many places of greater pretensions. 
 The postottice was opened in 1826 and named 
 Petersburgh after Kichard Peters, the first 
 l)ostmaster, who held the office until 1845. 
 
 For history of the Presbyterian church of 
 Petersburgh, the reader is referred to page 504. 
 
 The histor}- of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church of Petersburgh in its early day is so 
 closely connected with that at Dundee, that 
 the history of the latter is substantially that 
 of the former up to about 1850. The meeting 
 at which the first class was formed, of whose 
 names only that of Mrs. Bartlett and Mrs. 
 Russell can be recalled, was held early in the 
 summer of 1837 in " Uncle Dave " Kussell's 
 barn, anfl continued there till the inclemency 
 of the weather compelled them to meet in the 
 school house. As it was connected with the 
 Dundee mission, the same preachers had charge 
 
 until 1850, when it was divided and attached 
 to Palmj-ra. In 1856 a lot was donated for 
 church ])urp()ses by Austin Iv Wing, and a 
 church built tlie same year. In 1859 it was 
 made a charge by itself, and so continued until 
 1874, when it was united with Deerfield. The 
 present membership is sixty, with a Sunday- 
 school having an average attendance of about 
 fifty, with Elihu Wadsworth superintendent. 
 
 The Free Methodist church in Petersburgh 
 was organized in February, 1887, in tlic house 
 of H. I'. Rose. Rev. W. Cochrane ])astor in 
 charge. In 1886 a church was built at a cost 
 of about S700, which was dedicated October 6, 
 1887, at which time a Sunday-school was or- 
 ganized, with E F. Tremain superintendent. 
 The present church membei'ship is twenty -one. 
 
 The Church of Christ was organized in the 
 spring of 1878. The flock had for its shei)- 
 herd in 1878-9, Elder E. W. Gordon, and J. J. 
 Harris from 1880 to 1884, since which they 
 have only had evangelical preaching at inter- 
 vals, although each Sabbath holding Sabbath- 
 school and social meeting. In 1879 the .society 
 built a frame church, which was dedicated the 
 first Sunday in June by State Evangelist Sias. 
 
 The Evangelical Lutheran St. Peter's con- 
 gregation of the Unaltered Augsherg Con- 
 fession, was formed in 1876 b}- the Rev. F. 
 Iske, then pastor at Ida, who commenced 
 preaching in Peterslmrgli in 1875. The Rev. 
 Christian Ilager was installed pastor in .\ugust, 
 1876, in which year the congregation huilt a 
 church at an expense of nearly two thousanil 
 dollars, which was dedicated November 10. 
 1876. The Rev. Duever followed in August, 
 1878, and later the present pastor. Rev..l.Krue- 
 ger,was installed. At present there is a member- 
 ship of thirty-four families represented by one 
 hundred and fifteen communicants, in the con- 
 gregation. The church has a parochial school 
 with forty scholars, and a parsonage adjoining 
 the church, valued at eleven hundred dollars. 
 
 At the close of the war the only brick build- 
 ing in the village was a small blacksmith 
 shop on Center street, west of Saline street; 
 now there are eightbrick dwellings, two brick 
 blocks of stores and offices, a lirick church, 
 a brick school house, and a brick grist mill, 
 being an increase of from S/iOO in 1865, to 
 upwards of 850,000 in 1888. During this time 
 nearly- one half of the village has been built up, 
 in fact all that portion on Center street, cast 
 
598 
 
 MTSTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 of Division, and soutli of Walnut, with the 
 exception of one house. At the present time the 
 popuLation numbers over six hundred. Dur- 
 ing this lime ne\vsj)apers have been printed 
 bj' sevc'i-al parties, the pioneer effort beini,' the 
 Avalatiche, hj' Henry T. Gage & Co., which 
 was started in June, 1871, continuing xintil 
 the fire of Sc])tember 4, 1872, when it was 
 suspended. Tliis was followed by J. C. Seeley 
 with the River Raisin Clarion, which, after 
 about a year, was closed out by mortgage fore- 
 closure. In Jlay, 1880, Ira D. Boardman 
 issued the first number of the Bulletin, which 
 to all appearances has come to stay, as its 
 circulation is 700 and increasing. Politically 
 it is independent. The Journal was started 
 November, 1883, by a stock company, consist- 
 ing of John O. Zabel, Dr.Frank AVillett, Eugene 
 Cornell and Willey K. Gonsolus. February 
 25, 1884, fire suspended the issue for about 
 three months, when 0. C. Bacon & Brother, 
 having purchased all that remained after the 
 fii-c, resumed the issue, and continued until 
 March, 1887, when the plant became the prop- 
 erly of E. A. Gilbert. 
 
 JAMES I. RUSSELL. 
 
 Among the older residents of Sumnierfield 
 perhaps none are more worthy of mention than 
 Helen M. Eusscll, the widow of James I. Eus- 
 sell, who was for many years closely identified 
 with the early histor}' of Sumnierfield. She 
 was born in Oneida county, New York, March 
 7, 1819, and with her parents, David and 
 Wealthy (Dewej-) Curtis, came to Sumnierfield 
 (now Dundee) in 1833. In the summer 
 of 1839 she kept school in the first frame 
 school house ever built in the township, 
 and December 8, 1840, married James I. 
 Eussell, and began housekeeping in a little log 
 cabin on section IG, on which farm she lived 
 until Mr. Eussell's death, February 1, 1882, 
 when she purchased a house in the village of 
 Petersburgh, into which she moved the next 
 April. 
 
 In speaking of her life, which for nearly half 
 
 a century had been spent on the old farm, she 
 has just reason to be proud of the family which 
 she has there reared. The oldest, James Otis, 
 born Februarj' 19, 1842, was offered a sacri- 
 fice on the altar of his country, enlisting in the 
 Sixth Michigan Heavy Artillery, and dying in 
 the hos]iital at New Orleans, November 27, 
 1804, after passing through many hard-fought 
 battles ; Jane Ann, born April 23, 1844 ; Alonzo 
 C, born November 27, 1847, died September 
 17, 1849; Horace Isman, born February' 11, 
 1850, now a train dispatcher in Oregon ; Henry 
 Wayne, born April 3, 1852, now a mining su- 
 perintendent in Mexico; Mary Wealthy, born 
 May 4, 1854, died October 26,1854; Newton 
 Buchanan, born Sej)tember 18, 1855, and now 
 living on the old farm ; Orra Hull born Nov- 
 ember 18, 1858, now one of the leading hard- 
 ware merchants of the township; and Eugene 
 D., born February 9, 18G1, and for some years 
 past, township clerk. 
 
 Of Mr. Eussell we would say that up to the 
 time of his death, Februai-y 1, 1882, he had al- 
 ways been a respected and honored citizen. 
 Born in Ja3', Essex county, New York, June 
 24, 1812, he came to Sumnierfield at an early 
 date, and was the last survivor of the number 
 who voted at the first election in the township. 
 He drove the first team through to Toledo, and 
 helped construct the first dock in the "Corn' 
 Citj-." Although devoting his time chiefly to 
 farming, he always manifested a lively interest 
 in the various improvements and issues of the 
 times, serving as supervisor four years, and as 
 representative one term, as well as most of the 
 minor offices in the township. As a public 
 man his record was clear ; as a private citizen 
 he was a genial whole souled gentleman, well 
 and favorably known to nearly everyone in 
 the section ot his home. Possessed of fine so- 
 cial and conversational talents, he was always 
 a welcome addition to any company, never 
 fiiiling to add a large degree of pleasure by his 
 jovial good humor and fund of information 
 and anecdote. At his funeral was one of the 
 largest turn-outs ever seen in Summerfield, the 
 business houses in Petersburgh all being closed 
 durinic the hours of his funeral. 
 


 oa.^t^^i-'^^-'i-JLi 
 
TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. 
 
 WHITEFORD TOWJVSHIP. 
 
 69fl 
 
 At a meeting of the electors of the towriRhip 
 of Whiteford convened at the house of William 
 Wilson on the 7th day of April, 1834, for the 
 jiiirpose of organizing said township according 
 to law, William Wilson was chosen moderator, 
 and James White, clerk; and after l)eing diil_y 
 ijualified the meeting elected the following 
 officers : 
 
 Supervisor, David AVhite ; (dcrk, James 
 White; assessors, William "Wilson, Frederick 
 Leonardson, William M. White; collector, Elisha 
 Corbin ; poor directors, Joseph Titsworth, 
 David White; highway commissioners, Adam 
 A. Gardinier, Samuel Russell, James Egnew; 
 Constables, Philander M. Jeff'ers, Elisha Corbin; 
 overseers of highwaj', I'^rcderiek Leonardson, 
 Samuel Young, Bishop .Surdam, Patrick Flynn, 
 John S. R. Ludd ; fence viewers, James Dein, 
 William McMillan. 
 
 April 12, 1834, the township was divided 
 into road districts — five in number. 
 
 April 7, 1838, the school inspectors met and 
 appointed Ilenry Yaughan chairman, and di- 
 vided the township into districts. 
 
 The annual report of the several school dis- 
 tricts for the year ending September 3, 1888, 
 show the number of children attending school 
 in the townshi[i 40G. Of the school houses si.x 
 are frame buildings and three brick, with a 
 total valuation of 85,5.50. The schools have 
 a total seating capacity of 539. 
 
 THE CANDEE FA.MILY. 
 
 Caius Marius, eldest son of Asa and Mary 
 (McAlpine) Candee, was born in Volney, Os- 
 wego county, N. Y., June 7, 1812. His fiither, 
 though of English ancestry-, was born in 
 Connecticut, while his mother first saw the 
 light in Scotland, and came with her parents 
 to America early in life. 
 
 The early years of Caius \>ere spent in help- 
 ing his father on the farm, and in school. In 
 1831, when nineteen years of age, during a re- 
 vival of religion he came to realize, in some 
 measure, the importance of a change of heart; 
 he at once yielded and began to live in iiar- 
 mony with his convictions of duty. He soon 
 united with God's professed people. The tem- 
 perance question being agitated about that 
 
 time, he joined the temperance society, and 
 has always been able to keep his ])Iedge. 
 
 At the age of twcnt}--one he had acquired 
 considerable skill in the management of a saw 
 mill, and also tanning, as they were both ap- 
 pendages to his father's farm. He h:id also 
 learned the shoenuiker's trade. As the family 
 was large, and his help was not needed at home, 
 he started for the West in (he fall of 1833. He 
 S])eiit the winter and the following summer in 
 Wiiterville, Ohio, In the spring of 1834, tiie 
 whole family having decided to go AYest, two 
 brothers, next younger than Caius, came on 
 with a 8])an of horses and a wagon, purchased 
 a lot of land, now in AVhiteford, Monroe countv, 
 Michigan, still known as "Candee Place," and 
 commenced making improvements. They built 
 a shantj' fourteen feet square of ]>oles, such as 
 they could raise, covered it with elm bark, ex- 
 cept one corner for smoke to escape. They 
 planted a few potatoes and sowed some buck- 
 wheat. 
 
 One of their horses being rendered almost 
 entirely worthless by rushing into a place 
 where a log heap had been burning, that the 
 smoke might relieve it from the pest of mos- 
 quitos, they exchanged the other for a yoke of 
 oxen, by the help of which they were enabled 
 to raise logs for the body of a house. About 
 this time one of the brothers was taken very 
 ill with fever. Caius came from Waterville, 
 and all were looking anxiously- for the family 
 to come on account of the sickness of Selden. 
 On the 18th of .September they arrived in 
 Vistula, now Toledo; found conveyance to the 
 Forks, now Sylvania. The family found shel- 
 ter for the night at General White's, while the 
 father hastened to visit the sick son, and also 
 to get the team and an early start for a load of 
 their goods. As they had to go by way of 
 Sylvania for want of another road, they met 
 General W^hite coming to superintend haj-- 
 making on his marsh land, and had volun- 
 teered to bring the family along. Caius now 
 alighted from the wagon, exchanged greetings 
 with loved ones, from whom he had been so 
 long>eparated, and then hastened forward in 
 hope of having a more extended interview on 
 his return. They did not arrive home with 
 their load until alter daylight the next morn- 
 ing. But what was their dismay to find the 
 
flOO 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGArJ. 
 
 cliildreii surrounding the bed in which their 
 sick brotlier lay, their mother Ij'ing on the 
 other bod, having died of cholera morl)iis a few 
 hours before. 
 
 Disheartening as the circumstances now 
 were, arrangements must be made for the 
 funeral. There was no cemetery nearer than 
 the Forks, and the report had made the people 
 fearful of spreading the disease. With the ap- 
 pliances they could command a coffin was pro- 
 cured, a grave dug a few rods fi'om the shanty, 
 just within the inclosure they had been able to 
 make, a few men were secured to help. One 
 offered praj'er, and then the coffin was forever 
 hidden from their view. 
 
 Force of circumstances now demanded eftbrt. 
 The sick must be cared for. Winter was com- 
 ing. Their house must be finished to protect 
 them from the cold. Their mother, by economy 
 in management, had been the practical financier 
 of the family. Now Alty and Jane, fifteen and 
 thirteen, and Amy eleven years old, were 
 learning the same lessons without anj' visible 
 teacher. In the four young men their father 
 realized efficient help in carrying on improve- 
 ments; and when means failed their muscular 
 strength enabled them to clear a few acres of 
 land, work in a sawmill, make boots and shoes 
 or in some such way replenish their dejileted 
 exchequei'. 
 
 After a year or more, Messrs. Eobert Smith, 
 Russell Clark and a few other settlers arrived, 
 which made a school possible, where children 
 might be taught the first rudiments. Re-en- 
 forced from time to time by another family, 
 who had decided to emigrate where kind was 
 cheap, and grow up with the country, which 
 prepared the way for civil institutions to be 
 established, and thus afford opportunities for 
 mental culture, of which they had been so long 
 deprived. 
 
 After a few years, avenues of usefulness, 
 more or less remunerative, opened to one and 
 another, until the father and oldest son were 
 left mostly alone on the farm. For a large 
 family to be deprived of a mother's care so 
 early in life, it may not be ami.ss at this point 
 to give a brief account of each in the order of 
 ages. Leander, the second son. farmer, died of 
 inflammatory rheumatism in Hillsdale county, 
 aged thirty-four. Selden went, in an early day 
 
 from the lead mines of Galena, to California, 
 secured his pile and returned to Iowa, to locate 
 as a farmer, from which he has now retired in 
 old age. Gideon , railroad man, brief illness, 
 buried beside his brother in Hillsdale county, 
 aged thirty-four. Alty, Mrs. Oliver Wilson, oc- 
 cupation has been farming, but he is now an 
 invalid, Toledo. Jane, Mrs. Silas Phelps, 
 Fergus Falls, Minnesota, farmers. Amy, Mrs. 
 S. K. Joles, farmers, Hillsdale county, age 
 sixty-three j-ears. Ara, blacksmith, farmer 
 and creamery, Iowa. Eardly went to the 
 Mexican War, passed through a number of 
 battles uninjured ; received his pay; was hon- 
 orably discharged ; returned as far as New 
 Orleans, where all trace of him was lost. A 
 steamboat explosion on the Mississippi about 
 that time, in which his family supposed he 
 might have perished. George, minister, grad- 
 uated from Oberlin Theological Seminar}', late 
 of Grand Eapids, Michigan, now pastor in 
 Toledo. Huldah, Mrs. George Cassada, farmers, 
 Iowa. The last two were of triplets. The 
 third died early. Orinda, Mrs. J. F. Siddall, 
 dentist, Oberlin, Ohio. Mrs. Eliza H. Candee 
 was born in Schodack, Rensselaer county. New 
 York, Februarys, 1821 ; married to C.M.Candee 
 October 25, 1854. A singular coincidence is 
 that each belongs to a family of thirteen chil- 
 dren. One son, George H., and one daughter, 
 Mary C, remain with them. The aged father 
 is deserving of some further attention in this 
 summing up. He held the office of treasurer 
 in the township for a time ; was a man of strict 
 integrity, regarding financial prosperity as 
 bearing no comparison with the value of his 
 word. He remained with them most of the 
 time until his death, w'hich occurred Septem- 
 ber 15, 1871, at eighty years of age. As to the 
 offices held by Mr. Candee, he was elected 
 supervisor in the spring of 1850, and again in 
 the spring of 1868, and the seven suc- 
 ceeding years; besides he held a few other 
 offices for a limited period. As they have now 
 long since jiasscd the meridian of life, and 
 though their pathway has been mingled with 
 trial, yet they have much to be thankful for, 
 and think proper at their age to be taking in 
 sail, and thus become prejmred to welcome 
 quietude and retirement 
 
 Mrs. Eliza H. Candee. 
 
General Index. 
 
 Advocate, 
 AUouez (Jesuit) . 
 .•rmateur Boat Club, 
 American Flag, . 
 Anderson, Col. 
 Acjuatic Sport,'*, . 
 Ash Township, 
 Avalanche, . 
 Babes in the Woods, 
 Battle of Lake Krie, . 
 Battle of River Raisin 
 Battle of the Thames, 
 Bay Point ("luh, . 
 Bedford Township, 
 Benac, Joseph P. . 
 Berlin Township, 
 Blackbirds, 
 Blanchard Lodge, 
 Boat Builders, 
 Boating, 
 Brandy, . 
 Brebeuf (Jesuit), 
 Brickyards, . 
 Bridges, 
 
 Business Interests, 
 Cabinet Otiicers, 
 Cadillac, 
 Calamity, . 
 Canada Southern R, 
 Capitular Masonry, 
 Cartier, Jacques, . 
 Cass, Gen. Lewis, 
 Champlin Lodge, . 
 Chapman, Alcott C. 
 Charter Members, M: 
 Chittenden & Co. 
 Churches, 
 Cholera, 
 City Canal, 
 Clark, John P. . 
 Cleveland, J. H. . 
 Clubs, . 
 Cold Day, 
 Commissioners, . 
 Conant, Horatio, . 
 Conant, Shubal, 
 Copper, . 
 County Officers, 
 County-seat, . 
 
 Page. 
 
 492 
 
 10 -*.'•_' 
 
 391-392 
 
 38 
 
 . 39 
 
 391 
 
 578 
 
 495 
 
 392 
 
 r>9 
 
 73-81 
 
 70 
 
 411 
 
 479 
 
 38 
 
 583 
 1.S9 
 333 
 409 
 391 
 30 
 9 
 423 
 
 43, 140 
 . 412 
 
 253 
 . 28 
 
 139 
 . 238 
 
 3.38 
 
 9, 19 
 
 90, 131 
 
 . 335 
 
 140 
 . 333 
 
 406 
 498-523 
 
 133 
 . 173 
 
 400 
 . 224 
 
 431 
 
 137 
 
 206 
 42 
 
 224 
 12 
 
 Court, 
 
 Court, First U. S. . . . 
 
 Court-house, 
 
 Cryptic Masonry, .... 
 
 Dablon, Claud, 
 
 Daniel (Jesuit), .... 
 
 Detroit, 
 
 Dewey Bros 
 
 Distillery, 
 
 Dreuillettes, 
 
 Dundee Lfdger, 
 
 Dundee lieporler, .... 
 Dundee Township, .... 
 
 Eaton, J. C 
 
 Egnew, Jared. 
 
 Eighteenth Michigan Infaiilrv, . 
 
 Eldred, Jarvis, 
 
 Elections, Monroe (town and villaw) 
 Ellis, Edward 1). . . . . 
 P^manuel Lutheran Church, 
 
 Enterprise, 
 
 Erie Shooting Club, 
 
 Erie Township, .... 
 
 Erie & Kalamazoo K. R. 
 
 Eureka Lodge, 
 
 Evangelical Chun^h, 
 Evangelical Lutheran Church . 
 
 Exeter, 
 
 Farmers, 
 
 Felch, Alpheus, 
 
 Fifteenth Michigan Infantry, . 
 
 First Baptist Church, Monroe, 
 
 First Congregational Church, Uaisinv 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, .Monroe, 
 
 First Presbyterian Church, LaSalle. 
 
 Fisheries 
 
 Five Nations, 
 
 Flint & Pere Marquette R. H. 
 Floral City Boat Club, 
 
 Flour 
 
 Flour Mills 
 
 Fourth Michigan Infantry, . 
 French Catholic Church, . 
 
 French Families 
 
 French Pear Trees, .... 
 Frenchtown Township, 
 Frenchtown Village, 
 
 Fruhett, Kev. Fr 
 
 Frontenac, Count 
 
 01] 
 
 Page. 
 
 137, 260 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 . 3.39 
 
 . 11 , 24 
 
 9 
 
 10, 2S, 51 
 
 . 4(i7 
 
 137 
 
 , 21 
 
 495 
 
 . 495 
 
 5S4 
 
 . 424 
 
 40 
 
 . 570 
 
 209 
 
 138. 140 
 
 130, 491 
 
 . 510 
 
 495 
 
 . 411 
 
 5s; 
 
 . 217 
 
 334 
 
 512-514 
 
 514, 510 
 
 . .591 
 
 4:! 
 
 . :;74 
 
 571 
 . .lOS 
 
 512 
 . 498 
 
 511 
 
 . 400 
 
 13 
 
 . 234 
 
 391 
 . 139 
 
 424 
 
 . 505 
 
 .38,517 
 
 . 44 
 
 38 
 
 . 592 
 
 37 
 
 . 3H 
 
 14 
 
602 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Fuel 413 
 
 Gareau, Fr. 21 
 
 Gazette 492 
 
 Geology, 284-295 
 
 German Workingnien's Association, . . . 342 
 
 Gillet, Kt'v. Fr. .38 
 
 Governors, ...;.... 254 
 
 G. A. R 571-574 
 
 Grand Jury, 41 
 
 Grapes, 425 
 
 Griffin (boat) 16 
 
 Guyor, Joseph, 83 
 
 Hale, James, 136 
 
 Hamilton, M. D 492 
 
 Harbor of Monroe, 170 
 
 Harvey, Luther, 200 
 
 Hecock (schoolmaster) 40 
 
 Hedges & Kinney 407 
 
 High Priests 338 
 
 Hiram Lodge, ....... 334 
 
 Horner, John S 134 
 
 Horse Races, 45, 137 
 
 Hotel 137, 140 
 
 Hull's Surrender, 48-53 
 
 Huron Tribe 9, 13, 19, 20 
 
 Ida Township 592 
 
 Independent Boat Clul), 391 
 
 I. O. 0. F 340 
 
 Indian Reservation 47 
 
 Indian Title 41 
 
 Iroquois, 13 
 
 Jay's Treaty 35 
 
 Jesuits, 29 
 
 Jogues, Isaac, 21 
 
 Johnston, Kate, 391 
 
 Joliet, M 14, 25 
 
 Journal, 491 
 
 Keeney, A. J 466 
 
 Knights of St. John 430 
 
 Knights Templar, 335 
 
 Kurz, J. H 493 
 
 Labadie, Medard, 70 
 
 Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, .... 533 
 Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway, 2.33 
 
 LaSalle (explorer), 15-17 
 
 LaSalle Township, 592 
 
 Land Claims, 45-46 
 
 La Plaisance Bay Harbor Co 45, 138 
 
 Lawrence, Jeremiah, 140 
 
 Letters, Old French 98-106 
 
 Liberal Shooting Club, 410 
 
 Libraries, 525 
 
 Light-house, 140 
 
 Lincoln Lodge, 342 
 
 List of Volunteers, .533 
 
 Lillle Diamond, 494 
 
 London Township, 592 
 
 Loranger, Joseph 40 
 
 Lost Lands 46 
 
 Lutheran Church 514 
 
 McClelland, Robert 375 
 
 Page. 
 
 Mardi Gras 44 
 
 Marquette (Jesuit) .... 10, 14, 22 
 
 Marriage, 44,100 
 
 Mason, John T 133 
 
 Mason, Stevens T 133-134 
 
 Masonic Chapter 1.30 
 
 Masons, 326 
 
 Massacre of River Raisin, .... 54-67 
 
 Masters (Masonic) 333-334 
 
 Medical Profession 432 
 
 Menard (Jesuit), 10,21 
 
 Methodist Church, ...... 506 
 
 Mexican War, 343-346 
 
 Michigan, ,9 
 
 Michigan and Ohio Railroad, .... 241 
 
 Michilimackinac, 11 
 
 Milan Baptist Church, 512 
 
 Jlilan Leader, 593 
 
 Milan Lodge, 335 
 
 Milan Township 593 
 
 Miller, Dan. B 223, 258 
 
 Mineral Springs, 295 
 
 Missionaries, Early 18 
 
 Mississippi River, 16 
 
 Monroe, 40 
 
 Monroe Advocate, 491 
 
 Monroe City Officers, 258 
 
 Monroe Commercial, 492 
 
 Monroe County, 42, 45 
 
 Monroe County Bible Society, . . . .511 
 Monroe Democrat, . . . ' . . . 494 
 
 Monroe Gas Light Co 414 
 
 Monroe Index, 494 
 
 Monroe Journal, 491 
 
 Monroe Ledger, . . ... . . . 494 
 
 Monroe Marsh Co 408 
 
 Monroe Monitor, 493 
 
 Monroe Sentinel 491 
 
 Monroe Times, 492 
 
 Monroe Township, 594 
 
 Monroe Village, 141 
 
 Monroe Yacht Club, 409 
 
 Morgan, Wm 328 
 
 Morton, Abner, ....... 491 
 
 Morton, E. G 493 
 
 Mulhollen, Samuel, 40 
 
 Mutual Life Ins. Co 523 
 
 National Guard, 575 
 
 Navarre, Francis 138 
 
 New Year's 44 
 
 Northern Press 493 
 
 Nurseries, 419 
 
 O. L. Club 431 
 
 Otter Creek, 45 
 
 Paper Mills, 415 
 
 Patriot War, ..-.•... 202 
 
 Paxton, Henry, 460 
 
 Perkins, Capt. A. D 201 
 
 Petersburgh Aoalanche, 598 
 
 Petersburgh Bulleiin, ...... 495 
 
 Petersburgh Clarion, 598 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 608 
 
 PeU'i>iliurgli Journal, 
 
 Pioneer Society, .... 
 
 Plot for obtaining Ijower Peninsula, 
 
 Point Aux Peaux, . . . . 
 
 Point Mouille Clnh, 
 
 Political Connuitteo!-, 
 
 Ponies, ...... 
 
 Population 
 
 Po.stina.sters, 
 
 Presbyterian Church of Krie, . 
 Presbyterian ('luirch of Milan, 
 Presbyterian Chnn-h of Petersburjili 
 PrcfS 
 
 Press of Monroe. 
 
 Proctor. General, Letters of, 
 
 Public Roads 
 
 Q. F. Club 
 
 Railroad .advertisement. . 
 Riilroad Iron, 
 Railroad Proclamation, 
 Railroads, .... 
 Raisin River, .... 
 Raisinville Township, . 
 Raymbault (Jesuit), . 
 
 Regal, Isaac 
 
 Regattiis, 
 
 River Raisin Clarion, 
 
 River Raisin Navy, . 
 
 River Raisin Scullers, . 
 
 Kiver Riiisin and Lake Erie R. R 
 
 Roman Catholic Churches of Monroe, 
 
 Roman Catholic Church of St. Anthony 
 
 Roster of Resident Soldiers, . 
 
 Roster of Volunteers, ... 
 
 Russell Lodge 
 
 St. Charles Borromeo Church, 
 
 St. John's Church, .... 
 
 St. Joseph's Church (Erie), 
 
 St. Josei)h's Society 
 
 St. Mary's Catholic Church, 
 St. .Mary's Church (Rockwood) . 
 St. Mary's Seminary, ... 
 
 St. Michael's Church (Monroe), . 
 St. Michael's Church (Whiteford) . 
 St. Michael's Commandery, 
 St. Patrick's Church (Exeter) . 
 Sandy Creek Lutheran Church, . 
 Sault de Ste. Marie, .... 
 
 Pack. 
 
 . •'>!« 
 
 i.-):?-i.-)7 
 :?l-:!ti 
 
 4L'(i 
 
 . 411 
 
 26(i 
 
 . 4.5 
 
 VM, l;!.-), VM. 2.53 
 
 .501 
 •512 
 .504 
 403 
 401 
 5, SI 
 131 
 431 
 
 224 
 
 223 
 
 21.5-243 
 
 37 
 
 . .594 
 
 . 9, 21 
 
 . 344 
 
 40.5-408 
 
 . 405 
 
 405 
 
 . 405 
 
 219 
 
 . 517 
 
 517 
 
 533 
 335 
 522 
 522 
 .523 
 523 
 517 
 522 
 519 
 .521 
 510 
 431 
 523 
 515 
 11 
 
 Schools, 524 
 
 Secretaries (Masonic) . . . 333, 334, 338 
 
 Secret Societies 320-339 
 
 Senatorial District, 253 
 
 fientinel 491 
 
 Seventh Michigan Infantry .5(i() 
 
 Seventefnth Michigan Infantry .... .569 
 
 Sho-wae-cae- mettles, . 
 
 Skinner, Isaac P. . 
 
 Slavery, 
 
 Smith Guards, 
 
 Societies, . 
 
 Sons of Veterans, . 
 
 Southern R. R. . 
 
 Staals Zeitung, 
 
 State Administrations, 
 
 Statistics, Soldiers, 
 
 Steamboats, 
 
 Sterling Manufacturing C 
 
 Stony Creek, 
 
 Strong, Capt. 
 
 Suniuaerfield To\vnshi[ 
 
 Supervisors, . 
 
 Swan Creek, 
 
 Talon, M. 
 
 Tecuraseh, 
 
 Territorial Delegates, 
 
 Territorial Legislature, 
 
 Times, 
 
 Toledo, Ann Arbor and North 
 
 Toledo War, .... 
 
 Tonti, Chevalier, 
 
 Township Odicers, 
 
 Trinity Episcopal Church, 
 
 Trinity Lutheran Church, . 
 
 Twenty-fourth Michigan Infantry, 
 
 Unabhamgige, .... 
 
 Union School, .... 
 
 United States Representatives, . 
 
 TTnited States Senators, 
 
 Vessels, . 
 
 Veterans of 1812, 
 
 Village of Monroe, 
 
 Vineyards, 
 
 Vote, 1884-80 88, . 
 
 Wabash Railroad, . 
 
 Wagon makcre, 
 
 Wakelield S. B. 
 
 Waldorf, 1'. . 
 
 War of 1812, 
 
 War of the Rebellion, 
 
 Wareliouses, 
 
 W'eekl;/ Journal, 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Co 
 
 Whipping Post, 
 
 Whitker, Capt. . 
 
 Whiteford Township, . 
 
 Winans, V. M. . 
 
 Woman's Relief Corps, 
 
 Wyandottes, 
 
 Zion Ev. Luth. Church, 
 
 Mich. Rv. 
 
 Paok. 
 
 393-405 
 
 . 40 
 
 138 
 
 . .521 
 
 431 
 
 . 575 
 
 221 
 
 . 494 
 
 371-390 
 
 . 557 
 
 200 
 
 . 414 
 
 45 
 
 . 201 
 
 590 
 
 2G7-270 
 
 45 
 
 . 14 
 
 38, .53, 70 
 
 . 253 
 
 256 
 
 . 491 
 
 239 
 
 . 181 
 
 15 
 
 . 270 
 
 .508 
 
 . 515 
 
 570 
 
 . 494 
 
 524 
 
 255 
 
 254 
 
 . 200 
 
 82-89 
 
 . 141 
 
 425 
 
 . 2(i4 
 
 240 
 
 . 422 
 
 209 
 
 , 424, 425 
 
 48, 82-89 
 
 . .527 
 
 412 
 
 . 495 
 
 414 
 
 45-140 
 
 201 
 
 . 599 
 
 343 
 
 . 574 
 
 13 
 
 515-516 
 
NDiviDUAL Index. 
 
 Adams, Ephraiui, 
 Adams, James Q'. 
 Adams, Lucas, 
 Adams, Thomas D. . 
 Alford, Capt. John, 
 Alger, Russell A. 
 Allen, Edward V. . 
 Allen, Seneca, . 
 Allouez, Fr. . 
 Anderson, Col. John, 
 Angerer, Charles, 
 Armitage, James, 
 Arnold, Silas R. 
 Aselstyne, Isaac, 
 Aselstyne, Josiah C. 
 Austin, Harvey. 
 Bacon, Daniel S. . 
 Bagley, John J. . 
 Baldwin, Henry P. 
 Baldwin, L. 
 Baldwin, Newton, 
 Barry, John S. . 
 Bates, Alfred G. . 
 Beaman, Fernando C. 
 Beck, Christian F. 
 Begole, Josiah W. 
 Benson, Peter, 
 Bentley, James, 
 Billmire, John W. 
 Bissonette, Joseph, 
 Blair, Austin, 
 Blanehard. Louis, 
 Bliss .Family, 
 Boyd, Erasmus, . 
 Boyd, Wm. K. 
 Bragdon, Alouzo B. 
 Brighara, Kingsloy S, 
 Bruckner, C hristopher 
 Buck, Gc(j. . 
 Bulkley. Gershom T 
 Candee Family, 
 Cass, Lewis, 
 Chapman, Austin B. 
 Choate, Kmerson, 
 Christiancy, Isaac P. 
 Chirk, Robert, . 
 Clarke, Stephen G. 
 Clarke, Walter P. 
 Cole, Thomas G. . 
 
 Page. 
 446 
 245 
 
 580 
 404 
 325 
 389 
 283 
 486 
 10 
 106 
 355 
 347 
 433 
 475 
 474 
 157 
 149 
 387 
 386 
 442 
 471 
 374-5 
 157 
 281 
 489 
 388 
 149 
 118 
 464 
 104 
 377 
 594 
 125 
 500 
 163 
 462 
 375 
 316 
 488 
 311 
 599 
 371 
 4r4 
 360 
 24() 
 144 
 478 
 478 
 152 
 
 Conant, Harry, . 
 Conant, Harry A. . 
 Corbin, B. J." . 
 Crampton, D. R. 
 Crapo, Henry H. 
 Critchett, Otis A. . 
 Croswell, Charles M, 
 Curtis, D. A. . 
 Curtiss, Benj. A. 
 Custer, Geo. A. 
 Custer, Emmanuel II 
 Dablon, Claud, 
 Daiber, Anton, . 
 Damon, Elwiti H. 
 Dansard, Benj. . 
 Darrah, Archibald B. 
 Darrah, Lewis. . 
 Davis, John, . 
 Dawe, D. 
 Dazet, Jos. 
 Dishrow, Henry, 
 Dorsch, Edward, . 
 Dunbar, Addison E. 
 Dunbar, Wm. 
 Dnrocher, Laurent, 
 Edwards, Thos. S. . 
 Egnew, Samuel, 
 Eldredge, Nathaniel 
 Fay, Orion J. 
 Felch, Alpheus, 
 Ferry, Peter P. . 
 Fifield, Benj. F. . 
 Frontenac, Count, 
 Gale, Jos. B. . 
 Galloway, Jerome B 
 Gilford, W. R. 
 Gilday, Edwin R. 
 Godfrey, Jas. J. 
 Ciolden, Chas. A. 
 Golden, Patrick, . 
 Gonsolus, K. 
 Goodwin, Daniel, . 
 Gordon, J. Wright, 
 Gorman, James, . 
 Grant, Alexander, 
 Greeley, Aaron, 
 Green, Geo. H. . 
 Greene, Jacob L. . 
 Grosvenor, Ira' R. 
 
 [604] 
 
INDIVIDUAL INDEX. 
 
 G05 
 
 Hackett, Walter, . 
 Hardy. Steplien T. . 
 Heath, Geo. F. 
 Hitchcock, Elisha B. 
 llnffman, Leopolii' 
 Hogarth, John P. 
 Horner, Jdhn S. . 
 Hubble, \Vm. P. 
 Humphrey, Levi S. 
 Ilurd, Geo. R. . 
 Il<;enfritz, I. K. 
 Jackson, Geo. W. 
 Jackson, .Samuel P. 
 .laminet, John P. 
 Jerome, Uavid H. 
 Johnson, Oliver, 
 .loliet, Fr. 
 Jones, S. L. 
 Joos, Edward, 
 Joslyn, Chauncey, 
 Kedzie Family, 
 Keeney, Andrew J. . 
 Keeney, Salmon, . 
 Kirby, Restcome R. . 
 Knaggs, James, 
 Knapp, \V. F. 
 Lacroix, Hubert, . 
 Lafontain, Louis, 
 Landon, George, . 
 Landon, (ieorge M. . 
 Laninan, Charles, 
 Lanman, C'harles J. . 
 LaSalle, Robert de, 
 Lasselle, -Antoine, 
 Lasselle, Francis, . 
 Lasselle. Jacques, 
 Liiuer, Edward G.J. 
 Lawrence, Wolcott, . 
 1 ewis, Isaac, . 
 Lewis, Levi, 
 I.*wis, Samuel Baker, 
 Lockwood, Ezra L. . 
 Lockwood, Harry .\. 
 Loranger, Edward, . 
 Loranger, Philip J. 
 Luce, Cyrus G. . 
 McCalluQi, George Barclay, 
 McClelland, Robert, . 
 McMillan, James. . 
 Man, Harry V. . 
 Marquette, Fr. 
 Martin, John, . 
 Masecar, Alfred J. 
 Mason, John Warner, 
 Mason, Stevens T. 
 Menard, Rene, . 
 Moore, James, 
 -Morris, Gouverneur, 
 Morrow, P. H. 
 Mulhollen, James, sr., 
 Mulhollen, James, jr., . 
 
 Page. 
 
 . 480 Mulhollen, .Samuel, . 
 
 .^)W) Munro, Cliarles E. H. . 
 
 . 435 Murphy, Seba, . 
 
 482 Murphy, William Walton, 
 
 . 488 Navarre, Alexander T. 
 
 314 Navarre, Charles F. 
 
 . 1573 Navarre, David, 
 
 .581 Navarre, Francis, 
 
 . 477 Navarre, Francis, Col. 
 
 2(53, 3-57 Navarre, Frank, 
 
 41,3 Navarre, Ignatius, 
 
 44.5 Navarre, Isadon , . 
 
 . 354 Navarre, Jacques. 
 
 464 Navarre, Joseph G. 
 
 . 388 Navarre; Perti, . 
 
 14.S Navarre, Peter, 
 
 14 Navarre, Robert, 
 440 Noble, Charles, 
 
 . 519 Noble, Charles Wing. 
 
 478 Noble, Conway Wing, . 
 
 . 12'.t Noble, David Addison, 
 
 4C9 Noble, Daniel, 
 
 . 4t)9 Noble, Deodatus, 
 
 362 Noble, Henry Shaw, . 
 
 70, 108 Noble, William Addison, 
 
 439 Osgood. T. . . . 
 
 . 107 Paquette, Nazarth, 
 
 124 Parker, Burton, 
 
 . 431 Peabody, John G. . 
 
 460 Peters, Richard. . 
 
 . 322 Ran.lall. Scth C. 
 
 321 Ransom, Epaphroditus, 
 
 15 Ranch, John R. 
 
 119 Rawson, E. . . . 
 
 . 119 Rayndjault, 
 
 118 Regal, Isaac, . 
 
 . 367 Richard, Gabriel, 
 
 244 Richardson, George W. 
 
 . 525 Robert, Antoine Francis, . 
 
 580 Robert, Joseph, 
 
 . 420 Root, Philander Sheldon, 
 
 484 Ru.ssell, James 1. 
 
 . 464 Sancraint, John B. . 
 
 168 Sawyer, Alfred Isaac, . 
 
 . 487 Scbmittdiel Benjamin D. 
 
 390 Slayton. William Earl. 
 
 . 437 Smith, Maj. Henry, . 
 
 245, .375 Smith, Winfield, . 
 
 . 280 Soffers, Bernard (i. . 
 
 2.52 Soleau. Alexis, 
 
 1, 14. 15 Southworth, Charles Tracy 
 
 423 Southworth, Charles Tracy. 
 
 . 438 .Southworth, Hartia E. 
 
 445 Southworth, Tracy, 
 
 . 372 Spalding, Gen. (ieorge. 
 
 10 Sterling, J. M. . 200, 2C 
 
 119 Stevens, John J. 
 
 455 Stockbridge, Francis B. 
 
 . 442 .Stone, Harvey, . 
 
 116 Strong, Jfdin, jr., . 
 
 . 590 Studdiford, William V. . 
 
 I'AGE. 
 471 
 
 . 441 
 
 160 
 
 . 101 
 
 93 
 
 93 
 
 . 115 
 
 120 
 
 93, 358 
 
 93 
 
 . 125 
 115 
 
 . 151 
 312 
 
 . 313 
 2.50 
 
 . 166 
 166 
 
 . 404 
 107 
 
 . .580 
 444 
 263, 461 
 590 
 484 
 465 
 375 
 460 
 581 
 
 .344 
 110 
 442 
 
 487 
 115 
 
 , 21'3,260, 
 
 435 
 598 
 475 
 348 
 .521 
 58() 
 297 
 298 
 520 
 123 
 4:54 
 434 
 583 
 445 
 262, 322 
 412,413.414 
 315 
 
 . 280 
 157 
 
 . 479 
 
606 
 
 INDIVIDUAL INDEX. 
 
 
 Page. 
 
 Stump, John, .... 
 
 . 490 
 
 Thurber, Jefferson Gage. . 
 
 249 
 
 Tibbetts, Benjamin, 
 
 . 122 
 
 Toll, Isaac D 
 
 345 
 
 Toll, Philip K 
 
 . 317 
 
 Tull, John, .... 
 
 IfiS 
 
 Valade, Jerome J. ... 
 
 . 440 
 
 Valade, Joseph L. . 
 
 444 
 
 Van Kleeck, James, 
 
 . 487 
 
 Wakefielrl, Stephen B. 
 
 480 
 
 Waldron, Henrv, .... 
 
 . 281 
 
 Weier, Joseph, .... 
 
 489 
 
 Wells, Noah M 
 
 . 503 
 
 West, William C. . . . 
 
 435 
 
 White, William Tandy, 
 Wilkerson, Alfred, . 
 Willett. Benjamin T. . 
 Willitts, Edwin, 
 Winans, Frazey M. 
 Wing, Austin E. 
 Wing, Talcott E. . 
 Wing, Warner, . 
 Wisner, Moses, 
 Winney, A. F. . 
 Wood, John, . 
 Wood, James C. 
 Woodbridge, Wm. 
 Zabel, John O. . 
 
 472 
 485 
 440 
 282 
 343 
 ,.597 
 457 
 2.50 
 370 
 358 
 107 
 446 
 373 
 465 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 ASH TOWJJSHIP. 
 
 JOHN ALLEM was born in Adair, Coiinly L-m- 
 erick, Ireland, Maj- 24, 1819, and came to the United 
 States in 1843, staying at Albany, N. Y., for seven 
 years, and in 1851 removingto Ash townsbip. Novem- 
 ber 23, 1849, he was married to Ellen Fil7,i,'erald, who 
 died October G, 1879. Their children are : Thomas, 
 born September 18,1850; Stephen, December 26, 1852; 
 Patrick. August 12, 1854; and John, February 36, 1850. 
 
 DARIUS ASELSTINE is the son of Isaac and 
 Susan (Drake) Afelstine, and was born in Ash, May 26. 
 1846. He enlisted March 10, 1865, in Co. G, 16th 
 Micliigan Vol. Inf., and was discharged August 21, 
 1865. He was married in .Jackson, Mich., September 
 31, 1870, to Sarah L., daughter of Burton and Melissa 
 (Bruce) Smith. Their children are: Etna J., born 
 July 28, 1871; Orlo Lewis, born August 9, 1872, died 
 May 19, 1875 ; Enos M., April 19, 1874: Susan Mcli.ssa, 
 August 34, 1875 ; Isuac Howard, January 6, 1877 ; 
 Elmer D., born January 6, 1881, died October 6, 1881 ; 
 B'red E , February 14, 1883 ; Emma May, June 15, 
 1884. 
 
 RYLAND F. BAILEY was born in Cavendish, 
 Windsor county, Vt., April 16, 1804, his parents being 
 Peter and Mary (Maynard) Bailey. November 10, 
 1837, he was married in Rochester, N. Y. , to Marj', 
 daughter of Ichabod and Elizabeth (Preble) Bur- 
 roughs, who died Mav 5, 1888. Her children are : 
 Mary E., born June 7, 1830, died September 10, 1831 ; 
 Susan M., born March 24, 1833, died December 30, 
 1835: Albert \V., born December 25, is:^5, died July 
 5, 1865 ; Ora A., born December 28, 1837 ; Charles E. . 
 born March 14, 1840, died September 27, 1844 ; George 
 S., born June 19, 1842 ; Ellen M., born September 12, 
 1844, died October 10, 1844 ; John C.. born August 8, 
 1847; Alma L., born January 14, 1849, died Novem- 
 ber 26, 1875; Cornelia S., born February 10, 18.53, died 
 February 14, 1853. Albert enlisted in the 47th Ohio 
 Vol. Inf., July 6, 1861, and was with his regiment in 
 every engaaemeni until his death at Vick.sburgh, July 
 5, 1865. Mr. Bailey came to Monroe county from 
 New York in 1844, and settled in London. In 1863 he 
 removed to Ash. For three years he was justice of 
 the peace. 
 
 HENRY BAKER, son of .John and Maria (Barnes) 
 Baker, wus born in Ash, October 12, 1849. His p:ircnls 
 came to Ash in 1830, settling on section 14, where Mr. 
 Baker now lives. His father died January 12, 1850, 
 and his mother May 8, 1870. 
 
 JOHN F. BAKER, commander of Perry Baker 
 Post, No. 200, G. A. R., at Carlton, of which he was 
 a charter member, was in the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 
 5th Army Corps. He enlisted in Co. A, 4th Michigan 
 Vol. Inf., in August, 1861, and served through the 
 entire war, participating in all of the fifty-five skir- 
 mishes and general engagements which his regiment 
 wa.s in, until mustered out at Wellington Roads. He 
 was twice wounded, once at Gettysburg and again at 
 the Wilderness, from the tffects of which he is placed 
 on the pension roll. He was born in Ash July 17, 
 1830, his parents being Gdbert and Artemisia (Kurlong) 
 Baker, wlio settled in Ash in 1834, October 16, 1865, 
 
 he was married to Mary E., daughter of Van Rensse- 
 laer and Charity (Smith) Barnum. Their children are : 
 Adelbert A., born November 8, 1866; and Perry A., 
 March 8, 1869, both of whom are living at home. 
 
 SHELDON CLARK TOWNSEND BALE, son of 
 Jamej R. and Matilda (McCullum) Bale, was born 
 in Lewiston, Niagara county, N. Y., December 
 5, 1854. and has lived in Ash since two years of age. 
 February 13, 1S79, he married Minnie, daughter of 
 Christian and .Mary (Heintzleini Laubcher. Their 
 children are : William Henry, born May 6, 1880 ; 
 Mary Matilda, Februarv 19, 1883; Molly Elizabeth, 
 August 29, 1884. His lather died March 14, 1880, and 
 his mother July 7, 1882. 
 
 SOLOMON M. BAKER enlisted twice during 
 the War of the Rebellion, first in Co. I, 11th Mich. 
 Vol. Inf., August 20, 1861, from which lie was dis- 
 charged in 1862, and the second time in the new 4th 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., Co. D, in 1864, and was honorably dis- 
 charged with his regiment at the close of the war. 
 He is a member of Perry Baker Post, No. 200, G. A. R., 
 at Carlton. He came to Ash with his parents, John 
 and Maria (Barnes) Baker, when the country was a 
 lonely wilderness. He was born at Waterloo, Seneca 
 county, N. Y., December 28, 1824. 
 
 WARREN W. BARNU.M was a member of the 
 2d Brigade, 2d Division, 15th Army Corps, enlisting 
 at Camp Dennison in Co. B, 47th Ohio Vol. Inf., June 
 15, 1861, and re-enli.sting at Cleveland, Tenn., in Feb- 
 ruar}', 1804. At the baltle of .Vtlanta, July 28, 1864, 
 he was captured and sent to Andersonville, where he 
 remained until exchanged l)y special order in Septem- 
 ber, 1864. He was mustered out at Camp Dennison 
 .Vugust 13, 1865. He was born in Cayuga county, 
 N. Y., February 37, 1845, and came to Ecorse the same 
 year with his parents. Van Rensselaer ani Charity 
 (Smith) Barnum. In 1859 he removed to Flat Rock, 
 wh'-rc, April 4, 1865, he married Marj' L. , daughter of 
 Andrew J. and Lydia ,V. (Baxter) Reeves, and widow 
 of Wm. R. Baker, who died at Fort Gaines Octoiier 
 15,1864 Her children are : Clara D. Baker (wife of 
 George E. Ash, of the Detroit police), born Aug. 13, 
 1862; Anna Barnum, born Nov. 0, 1866; Lily A., 
 born Sept. 14, 1871 ; Wellington, born Nov. 6, 1875; 
 Floyd, born June 6, 1879. 
 
 JULIT'S BAZZETT follows the profession of a 
 veterinary surgeon, and graduated from the Royal 
 Veterinary College of Loudon, England, in the year 
 1841 He was born in Algi^-rs, France, October 22, 
 1823, and came to the United States in 1841. His 
 parents are Andrew and Jeannette Bazzett. After 
 practicing in Massachusetts, New York and Wiscon- 
 sin, he came to Ash in 1878, and settled just out of 
 Carlton. November 23, 1844, he wa-s married in Little 
 Falls, Herkimer county, N. Y., to Elizaheth. daugh- 
 ter of Peter and EliZ'ibeth (Lint) Wessels. His chil- 
 dren are: William, born May 30, 1846; Charles, 
 April 10, 1848; Adelbert, April 20, 1850; Florence, 
 September 12, 1852; Edward, April 6, 1857. W'illiam 
 and Charles served in the War of the Rebellion in the 
 navy, being stationed on Admiral Porter's flag-ship 
 " Siren" in the Atlantic Squadron. 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTV, MICHIGAN. 
 
 JOHN B. BERGMOOSER was marriefl at Stony 
 Creek November 2S, 1.S65, to Annie, iJnightcr ot Mar- 
 liu and Rosa (Gossel) Dobbersline. For a living he 
 follows the occupation of farmer and contractor. He 
 was born in Germany iMarch 21, 1841, and came to 
 Ash in 184G with his parents, Joseph and Katherina 
 Bergmooser. His children are : Annie, born Septem- 
 ber 11, 18G6; Thraslas, October 26, 1867; George, 
 March 2, 1869; Francis, September 21, 1870; Antoine, 
 October 10, 1872; Mary, born May 11, 1874, died June 
 8, 1874; Gerly, March 16, 1876; Josephine, born Jan 
 uary 6, 1878, died August 6, 1878; Susan, January 6, 
 1878; Maegie, October 21, 1879; Joseph, October 7, 
 1881; Robbie, born October, 1883, died October 18, 
 1883; AUie, August 27, 1886; Willie, October 17, 18.S8. 
 
 PHILIP D. BETZ was born May fi, 1836, in 
 Wuertemberg, Germany, and came to the United States 
 in February, 1857. llis parents were Philip J. and 
 Katherina (Heiss) B tz. He lived in Wayne county 
 till 18'j4, when he removed to Ash. December 20, 
 1861, he married Lucinda, daughter of Jacob and 
 Octavia (Kunze) Sawslayer, who died April 24, 1866, 
 leaving him with three children: Octavia Sophia, 
 born December 2, 1862; George L., born March 12, 
 1864; and Lucinda, born February 26, 1866. On the 
 death of his tirst wife he moved to Detroit, where he 
 lived till 1870, when he came to Ash. In Aug., 1867, 
 he married Eliza Graham, daughter of Richard and 
 Ann (Harldon) C'ulbert. Her children are : Philip Betz, 
 born January 30. 1869; Alice C, June 22, 1872; Ellen, 
 November 15, 1875; and Eugene C , January 15, 1877. 
 
 ALONZO BOWEN was born at Phelps, N. Y., in 
 the year 1844. Came to Monroe county in 1887. 
 Married Alvina Jones, who was born at Waterloo, 
 N. Y , in 1848. Two children were born to them. 
 He enlisted August 13, 1862, in \mh N. Y. Inf.; was 
 mustered out at Mt. Pleasant January 26, 1865. For 
 nine years Mr. Bowen has been a member of the 
 Secret Coniijound Manufacturing Company, which is 
 located at Monroe. This firm manufactures remedies 
 for many chronic diseases, among them S. C. Rheu- 
 matic Liniment, a valuable remedy for catarrh. They 
 also manufacture numerous kinds of salves and oint 
 ments. Mr. Bowen is also the manufacturer of the 
 Bowen Specitic Balsam and Bovven's Chewing Gum. 
 Mr. Bowen is proprietor and manager of the company . 
 Has had over 15 years experience as a chemical 
 scientist. 
 
 SAMUEL BURGESS was born in England July 
 17, 1830. and came to America with his parents, 
 Samuel and Hannah (Bunn) Burgess, and from Geneva, 
 N. Y., came to Exeter in 1844. Eight years later he 
 came to Ash, and March 13. 18t)l, married Christine, 
 daughter of Christian and Catherine (Langenderfer) 
 Streit. His children are: George S. . horn Februay 
 11, 1862; Eddie, born February 20, 1864, died Febru- 
 ary 20, 1864; Elizabeth, October 7, 1865; Charles C, 
 May 8, 1868; Dora, September 2, 1873; Daniel L., July 
 19, 1876; Alfred J., October 9. 1879. 
 
 WILLIAM Y. CHAMBERLIN, a farmer on sec- 
 tion 12 in Ash township, is a native of Waterloo, 
 Seneca county, N. Y., where he was born December 
 16, 1830. In 1832 he came to Ash with his parents, 
 John and Mahala (Yost) Chamberlin. His wife, Ruth, 
 was born in Brownstown, and is the daughter of 
 Clayton and Elizabeth (Tillotson) Wisdom. They 
 were married April 10. 1853. Their children are : 
 John, born April 22, 1854, died November 10, 1864; 
 Prank, born November 3, 1856, died January 22, 1857; 
 Wellington, born July 7, 1859; David A., born Sep- 
 tember 11, 1862, died .lune 9, 1863. Fortwoyenrs Mr. 
 Chamberlin was mail agent on the Lake Shore Railroad. 
 
 CHESTER STOW ELL CLARK, living on section 
 14 in Ash township, enlisted March 25, 1864, in 
 Co. C, 4th U. S. Inf., and took part in the battles of 
 the Wilderness, Spottsjdvania Court House and North 
 Anna, in the latter of which he received a wound 
 
 which compelled him to leave the service, being mus- 
 tered out September 6, 1864. He is a native of Whit- 
 by, Ontario county, Canada, where he was born 
 November 19, 1843, his parents being Abner and 
 Emily (Gilbert; Clark. In 1863 he came to Port 
 Huron, and after a residence of seven years in Wash- 
 tenaw and eight in Wayne county, came to Ash in 
 1880. January 23, 1872, be married Emily C, daugh- 
 ter of Augustus and Laura C. (Howe) Jenks, whose 
 children are : Cynthia Belle, born July 22, 1873; Lizzie 
 May, born June 21, 1876; Charles D ., born April 27, 
 1879, died October 5, 1880; Chester Arthur, September 
 17, 1881; Lucy Stella, July 20, 1884; and Leroy, 
 November 28, 1888. 
 
 GEORGE EGLE has worked at his trade, that of 
 general blacksmith and wagonmaker, in Carlton since 
 IDecember, 1886, He was born in Sylvania, Lucas 
 county, Ohio, June 10, 1860, and learned his trade in 
 his fatLer's shop in Monroe. His parents are Antoioe 
 and Mary Ann (Frank) Egle. 
 
 EUGENE LEE FRANCISCO, the oldest son of 
 Joseph H. and Mary (Colhurn) Francisco, was born in 
 Le Koy, Ingham county. Michigan, June 21, 1858, and 
 is a stave cuMer and farmer. December 25, 1879, he 
 married Rhoda, daughter of William and Sarah (Chap- 
 man) Robb. Their children are : Mabel, born April 4, 
 1880; and William, born April 8, 1887. He came to 
 Ash township with his parents in 1858. 
 
 LEONHART FUHRMANN, a farmer of Ash town- 
 ship, was born in Germany, March 16, 1824. Novem- 
 ber 25, 1849, he married Ellen Lao.x, who was born in 
 Germany. November 6, 1827. In 18.56 they came to 
 America, settled at Detroit, and engaged in the 
 grocery business. This proving to be unsuccessful, 
 they sold out and purchased 40 acres of land in Ash 
 township and cleared the land themselves. To tliem 
 nine children were born, five of whom are living. 
 
 GEORGE CLINTON HAFFORD, of Carlton, 
 Mich., was born in Jefferson county, N. Y., July 10, 
 1862. His parents came to Michigan when he was 9 
 years of age, and located at Milan. When 18 years of 
 age George entered the office of the Monroe Democrat, 
 remaining there one year. He taught school one year, 
 until health failed him. Becoming acquainted with 
 Dr. Emmett Pyle, of Milan, he began the study of 
 medicine with him. October, 1884. he entered the 
 university at Ann Arbor, remaining until June, 1887, 
 when he graduated. He now has a fine practice at 
 C'arlton, Mich. June 30, 1887, he married Cora E. 
 Ulsaver, of Saline, Mich., who was born at Elgin, 111., 
 May 9, 1862. After Dr. Hafford graduated he acted as 
 Prof. Frothingham's assistant for three months. Was 
 offered a position in university hospital, but thought 
 it best not to accej)!, and came to Carlton to practice. 
 
 LAWSON HILL, horn November 28, 1862, at 
 Royal Oak, Mich., is the son of Wilson and Margaret 
 (Wilson) Hill, and came to Berlin with his parents in 
 1868. November 21, 1882, he married Anna, daughter 
 of Harrison and Minerva (Donaldson) Baher, and set- 
 tled in the township of Ash. His children are : Ethel, 
 born April 12, 1886; and Milford, born June 2, 1888. 
 
 WILSON HILL was horn in Bishopthorpe, Eng- 
 land, June 30, 1823, and is the son of John and Marga- 
 ret (Dixon) Hill. December 15, 1844, in Leeds, Eng- 
 land, he married Margaret, daughter of John and Sarah 
 (Wardman) Wilson. He came to Ash in 1867, and is 
 the father of John, born January 13, 1846, died Feb- 
 ruary 10, 1846 : Sarah E., December 3, 1848 ; John 
 William, February 17, 1850, died February 19, 1850; 
 William, June 16, 1852, died October 16, 1832; 
 Wilson, June 26, 1854; Maggie A., February 10, 
 1861; Lawson, November 28, 1862. 
 
 MRS. CATHERINE Y'OST HOOD, widow of 
 John G. Hood, to whom she was married October 12, 
 1836, is the only survivor of a family of nine brothers 
 and sisters. She was born in Seneca county, N. Y., 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 May 19, 1817, her parents being Abraham and Phoebe 
 (Hooper) Yost, who were the first settlers on the old 
 territorial road south of Flat Rock. Mr. Hood was the 
 son of Samuel ami Elizabetli (Gainber) Uood, and was 
 born Aui^ust 3, ISIO. lie settled on section 31 in 1836, 
 ami with the exce|>liou of a few years, remained there 
 till bis death, April .5. 1880. lie had the confidence 
 and esteem of his fellow citizens, for many years serv- 
 ing them as supervisor and clerk, and for four years as 
 representative from Monroe county to the State legis- 
 lature. Airs. Hood's children are: Phoebe E., born 
 July 23, 1837 ; John Lee. December 29. 1839 ; Henry 
 C, November 13, 1843 ; George W., December.'), 1845; 
 William S., December 18, 1847, died October 13, 1848; 
 Charles M., June 18, 1851 ; Mary Jane, March 23. 1853; 
 Samuel F., June 20, 18.J5, died October 7, 1855; Andrew 
 D., Februan- 7, 1858; Ella May, March 13, 18()2, died 
 Augu-t 26, 1864. 
 
 JAMES HOWES was born in Forncett, county of 
 Norfolk, England, July 1, 1823, his parents being 
 VVdliam and Sarah (Rix) Howes, and has been a resi- 
 dent of Ash township since 1864. While in Monguaeon, 
 Wayne count}-, June 29, 1847, he married Mary, 
 daughter of John F. and Rachtl(Rosenkrave) Fowler, 
 whose children are : Martha J., born April 10, 1848; 
 James T., .Tune 9, 1850; Allen E., August 16, 18,55. 
 He is a farmer. His mail goes to Flat Rock. 
 
 CAROLINE JEWELL, daughter of Thomas C. and 
 Elizabeth (Jerden) Mantel, was born in Geneva, 
 N. Y., June 29. 1830, and in 1835 canie to I'atville, 
 Wayne county, with her parents. October 10, 1853, 
 fhe married Isaac, the son of Batcson and Lucinda 
 (Buck) Jewell, and the following April they settled in 
 Ash township on section 5. Their children are : 
 Elizabeth Jerden, born February 26, 1854; Crampton 
 Fil, August 6, 1856; George Thomas, August 4, 1858; 
 Charlotte Louisa, August 15, 1K61: Stephen Henry, 
 Sepiember 23, 1866; Evaline, May 20, 1870; Charles 
 Edward, born July 16, 1873, died August 11, 1873; 
 Joseph Bateson, June 15, 1876. 
 
 GEORGE L.ANGS, son of John and Mary 
 (Schmidt) Langs, was born at Limestone, Northumber- 
 land county. Pa., August 10, 1815, and died Auiiust 1, 
 1888. He has been twice married, the lirst time to 
 Anna Maria, daughter of Simon ' and Elizabeth 
 (Eritten) Straus, wiio died November 14, 18,52. leaving 
 him seven children : Mary Ann, Charles, Caroline, 
 Enocn, James, Edward, William, of whom all are 
 living except Caroline, who died October 15, 1863. 
 December 16, 18.55, he married Mary, daughter of 
 John and Mary (Lassar) Heizel. Charles and Enoch 
 enlisted August 12, 186J, in Co.G. 24th Mich. Vol. Inf., 
 and served through the war. Charles is now a member 
 of Wallace Post, No. 95, G. A. R. 
 
 LEVI B. LITTLEFIELD started in life April 6, 
 1819, from Verona, Oneida county, N. Y., and came to 
 Ash in 1835 with his parents, Josiah and Rachel (Root) 
 Litilefield, there being at that time not more than 
 twenty families in the present limils of the township. 
 December 31, 1844, he was married lo Elizabeth, 
 daughter of David and Elizabeth (Ward) Hardy. Their 
 children are : Elbe E., burn December 23, 1845; 
 Eliena A., born August 26, 1817, dird September 1, 
 1867; Charles L., born April 22, 18.50, died April 8, 
 1851; .Mary J., April 23, 1852; Elizabeth K., born April 
 20, 1854, died September 8, 18.54; Clarence D.. born 
 Decemberl3, 1855, died February 26, 1856, David, born 
 March 16, 18,57, died January 23, 1869. Mr. Liltlefield 
 held the office of supervisor in Ash township for five 
 ycais, and is now a farmer and merchant at Grafton. 
 
 ROBERT A. LIVINGSTON was born in Tyre, 
 Seneca county, N. Y., January 2, 1836, where he lived 
 till 1881, learning the trade of wagon and carriage 
 maker in Seneca Falls. His parents are William It. 
 and Phoebe (VanCleve) Livingston. He was married 
 August 14, 1860, to Josephine, daughter of Jonas and 
 Ruth Ann (Cornell) Compson, wiiose children are : 
 
 Ida, born August 5, 1865, died August 21, 1865; and 
 Fred W., born August 19, 1807. Mr. L. came to 
 Carlton in 1882 and engaged in his trade. For eight 
 years he has been justice of the peace in A.sh township. 
 His son is telegraph operator at Charlton, and January 
 1, 1889, married Alvira Clark. 
 
 WILLIAM McKAY was born in Shelburne, Nova 
 Scotia. October 26, 1835, and went to Illinois in 
 18:j7 with his parents, William and Elizabeth (Chro- 
 cheron) McKay. In 1843 they removed to St. Thomas, 
 Ontario ; in 18,55 he came to Ash, and naturalized In 
 1S60. He married Sarah Jane, d lughter of James R. 
 anl Matilda (.McCuilum) Bale, October 26, 1862, whose 
 children are: Mardia M. born December 4, 1803; 
 James William, Julv 18, 1805; Julia A., November 18, 
 1867; Edith J., AuVuM 6, 1879. Marilla .M. married 
 J. W. Romine October 7, 1885, and h;is one child, 
 Wesley J., born November 1, 1886. 
 
 ROBERT McKENZIE whose parents came to Mon- 
 roe county in 1833, before Ash township had a 
 place on the county map, was born in E.xeler, October 
 1, 1839, and is the son of Hugh and Eliza (Heritage) 
 McKenzie. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he en- 
 listed in the 8th N. Y. Cav., and participated in every 
 engagement his regiment was in until Lee's sur- 
 render. Was wounded at Waynesboro. Va., and 
 honorably discharged at Ale.xandria in June, 1865. 
 May 27. 1869, while in Berlin, he was married to 
 Sarah E., daughter of Wilson and Margaret (Wilson) 
 Hill. Their children are: Flora Bell, born May 7, 
 1873; Robert Wilson, November 24, 1878; Sarah E., 
 October 15, 1880. For three years (1877, 1879 and 
 }SbO) .Mr. McKenzie was treasurer of Ash township. 
 In the spring of 1889 he moved to Kansas on account 
 failing health. 
 
 HUGH McKENZIE is a genial Scotchman from 
 Nairnshire, where he was born July 28, 1813, and lived 
 with his parents, Robert and Ann (Sinclaire) McKen- 
 zie, until 1832, when with his brother Robert he came 
 to the United States. After one year in Rochester, N. 
 Y., he came to Detroit, and purchasing land of the 
 Government settled on section 23 in Exeter township, 
 and voted at the first election in Ash township. After 
 living in Exeter, Ash and Monroe for about twenty 
 years, he located on section 25 in Ash township, where 
 he h 'S lived ever since. December 16. 1835. he mar- 
 ried Eliza, daughter of Richard and Johanna (Brairton) 
 Heritage, a native of Worcestershire, England, whose 
 parents came to Monroe county in 1834. Their chil- 
 dren are: Amelia, born January 1, 1837; Robert, 
 October 1, 1839; Clark H. B., August 20, 1841; John 
 J., born January 12, 1814, died September 24, 1845; 
 Caroline, February 3. 1840; Eliza Ann, August 26, 
 18.50; Charles Hugh, July 10, 18,54; Emma Elizabeth, 
 born September 29. 18.58, died September 24, 1861. 
 By occupation Mr. McKenzie is a farmer and carpen- 
 ter. For ten years he was highway commissioner, 
 tieasurer for two years, while for twenty-lour years he 
 has held the office of justice of the peace in Exeter 
 and Ash. 
 
 BENJAMIN McLaughlin was born in Weld, 
 Oxford county. Me . Sepiember 2, 18i5, and came 
 with his parents, Benjiniin and Senath (Lawrence) 
 McLaughlin, lo Ash tOAUShip in 183:i, after three 
 years' residence in Indiana. He held the office of 
 justice of the peace for eight and of supervisor for six 
 years. December 25, 1850, at Flat Rock, he married 
 Lavinia, daughter of Thomas A. and Laura (Fosmire) 
 Armstrong. Their children are: Thomas R., born 
 February 5, 1852; Nettie M., April II, 1853; Philo, 
 born July 26, 1854, died October 10, 1875; Tunis F., 
 May 4, 1850; Howard, born January 4, 1858, died Oc- 
 tober 4, 1800; Hiram, born March 5, 18.59, died April 
 5, 1859; William Arthur, September 24. 1860: Minerva 
 E., born June 23, 1862, died October 5, 1880; George 
 B.. January 4, 1804; Daniel, June 5. 1865; Dennis, 
 July 10, 1867; Harry, September 7, 1809; Fred, May 6, 
 
HISTORY OP MONROfi COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 1871; Lydia, boru April 28. 1873, died February 5, 
 1874. 
 
 PATRICK MOORE for twelve years treasurer and 
 for three years moderator in school district No. 16 
 of Ash township, is a native of Ireland, beins born in 
 the parish of Clanaua, County Queens, March 17, 1810, 
 the son of Thomas and Ann (Kinnear) Moore. In lii'Jii 
 he came to this country with his three brotliers nnd 
 sisters, all of whom are dead, and in the fall of that 
 year settled in Exeter township, and in 1840 was 
 naturalized. November 18, 1841, he married Sarah, 
 daughte.' of Lawrence and Catherine (McCloskey) 
 Maynes, whose children are : Thomas, born Decem- 
 ber 8, 1843; Catherine, born December 10", 1844, died 
 August 18, 1884: Lawrence, October 15, 1848; Ann, 
 April 18, 1850; John, born April 15, 1851, died Octo- 
 ber 11, 1851; Mary, born March 17, 1853, died April 30, 
 1853; Marv Ellen, April 10, 1854; Margaret, October 
 17, 1856; Edward and James, March 17, 1858 ; Henry, 
 November 13, 1860; Sarah, December 18, 1863. 
 
 DARWIN E. NEWCOMB was born in London 
 township, February 1, 1846, his parents being Paul 
 Luther and Mahala (Pattee) Newcomb. He vi'as mar- 
 ried to Emma Z., daughter of Antoine and Caroline 
 Dupaul, whose children arc: Blanche E., born Sep- 
 tember 11, 1874; Stanley O., February 16, 1877; Ralph, 
 March 16, 1880. In 1867 while in Caro, Tuscola 
 county, he connected himself with Mount Moriah 
 Lodge, No. 236, F. & A. M. ,\fter two cour.ses of 
 lectures in the Michigan University, he graduated 
 with the class of 1884 in the Detroit Medical College, 
 and is engaged as physician and surgeon at Carlton. 
 
 ELIZABETH NIEMAN is a native of Bavaria, 
 Germany, where sb'' was born February 20, 1834, her 
 parents being John and Elizabeth (Weidinger) Riechel. 
 When in her eighteenth year she came alone to this 
 country, and July 5, 1853, was married to George 
 Hoerl and settled in Ash township. Her children are: 
 Barbara, born April 11, 1855; John, July 9, 1857; 
 Henry, January 8, 1860; George, May 38, 1863; Anna 
 Maria, August 30, 1864; Emma and Emile, September 
 7, 1867; Edward, November 4, 1871. Emma died 
 October 7, 1867; Emile, May 10, 1868. Her husband 
 died June 15, 1883, and November 4, 1886, she was 
 married to Ludwig Nieman, a native of North Ger- 
 many, who came to Monroe county in 1853. 
 
 ELIZABETH JANE NOVESS, widow of Henry, 
 son of Henry and Fannie (Evans) Novess, to whom 
 she was married in Arcadia, N. Y., October 34, 1840, 
 is the daughter of Carlos and Eunice (Terry) Stebbins, 
 and was boru September 1, 1827, in Arcadia, Wayne 
 county, N. Y. In 1851 they came to Michigan, set- 
 tling in West Bloomfield, Oakland county, where they 
 lived till 1854, when they removed to her present 
 farm in Ash township. Mr. Novess died of conges- 
 tion of the brain April 13, 1872, leaving her with five 
 children: Henry C, born November 11, 1850; Frank 
 E., November 18, 1854; Ira, October 11, 1856; Alonzo, 
 January 3, 1859; and Amelia F., January 34, 1861. 
 
 MARTHA ELIZABETH OTTER, born Leidorf, 
 came to the United States in 1853 with her 
 parents, Henry and Margaret (Wolf) Leidorf, being 
 born in Germiiny, February 4, 1849. Atter living in 
 Sandusky for several years they moved to Venice, 
 where her mother still lives, her father having died in 
 March, 1869. She was married at Sandusky, March 
 14, 1869, to Godtleib, son of George and Mary (Reigei) 
 Otter, and after five years' residence in Pekin, Erie 
 county, Ohio, settled in Ash. Her children are: 
 Eliz:ibeth, born December 5, 1870; Louis Henry, 
 November 5, 1S73; Anna Martha, July 36, 1874; Clara 
 Louisa, February 1, 1877; John Peter, February 21, 
 1879; Henry George, March 13, 1881; Alma Catharine, 
 September 37, 1885. Mr. Otter died June 3, 1886. 
 
 HENRY PARISH, son of Elias i nd Elizabeth 
 (Vandcrvoort) Parish, was born June 23, 1848. He was 
 
 married January 1, 1873, to Jane, daughter of George' 
 and Aim (Moore) Youngs, who died August 6, 1876, 
 leaving one boy, Frank, born November 4, 1873. His 
 second wife, Nellie, daughter of William and Ellen 
 (Roussou) Dingman, to whom he was married March 
 23, 1881, is the mother ol Lydia, born January 8, 1883; 
 Eva, Sentember 17, 1884; E'ffali, October 25, 1886; and 
 Henry Harrison, March 37, 1889. 
 
 JOHN PARISH was born in Ash, October 29, 
 1844, and enlisted January 31, 1864, in Co. A, 24ili 
 Mich. Vol. Inf. , and was mustered out June 3, 1865. 
 He was a member of the Iron Brigade, First Army 
 Corps; participated in the battles of the Wilderness. 
 Laurel Hill, Spotsylvania, Petersburg, and others; 
 was wounded June 18, 1S64, at Petersburg. He is 
 the son of Elias and Elizabeth (Vandcrvoort) 
 Parish, who settled in Monroe county in 18S5. June 
 14, 1866, be married Jane, daughter of John and 
 Margaret Jackson, who died in 1881, leaving him with 
 two children; John W., born November 19, 1867: and 
 Ada 1)., May 10, 1873. He is a member of Wallace 
 Post, No. 95, G. A. R., at Flat Rock, July 13, 1883, 
 he again married, the bride being Mary J., daughter 
 of .lacob Early and Clarissa (Ross) Baker, whose chil- 
 dren are: Jesse Ulmer, born June 26, 1884; Alfred 
 Otis ("AUie '), May 2, 1886; and Mabel E., born Feb. 2, 
 1890. 
 
 WILLIAM RAFTER, son of William and Mary 
 (Reddy) Rafter, was born Dec. 25. 1798, in the pariah 
 of Balbrigaan, County Kilkenny, Ireland, and came to 
 Montreal in 1824, and the following year to Troy. 
 N. Y,, where October 17, 1835, he was married to 
 Julia Kenneally. Her children are: William, born 
 March 4, 1840, died November 21, 1871; Ann, Septem- 
 ber 10, 1838; Margaret, August 13, 1843; James, 
 born March 8, 1844, died Oct. 8, 1877; Thomas, Jan. 
 8, 1848; and Daniel and Stephen, who died in infancy. 
 She departed this life May 6, 1880, leaving William 
 with his daughter Ann and her husband, Jacob 
 Esper. 
 
 MATTHEW REDDY was born in Connor, Ire- 
 land, and came to this country in 1849. Bv his mar- 
 riage with Ann Foley he was the father of one child, 
 Margaret, with wliom, since the death of Matthew, 
 November 31, 1886, his widow has been living. 
 
 ANDREW J. REEVES came to Ash township 
 in 1849. his native place being Byron, Sussex county, 
 N. J., where he was born April 8, 1821. His parents, 
 Moses and Sarah (Youngs) Reeves, settled here in 
 1846. While in Seneca county, N. Y., March 39, 
 1843, he married Lydia A., daughter of Solomon and 
 Catherine (Lizenring) Baxter, whose loss he was 
 called upon to mourn July 25, 1887. Her children 
 are: Mary L., born June 14, 1844; Myron B., March 
 11, 1846; Albert H., October 7, 1848; Charles M., 
 December 31, 1850; Sarah C, March 13, 1853; Ellie 
 M., February 5, 1856; George W., July 13, 1859. His 
 grandsire, Joshua, was in the Revolution, a prisoner 
 of war three months, and his father and wife's father 
 were honorably discharged soldiers of the War of 1813. 
 His second wife, to whom he was married February 5, 
 1889. is Hannah, daughter of Timothy H. and Mehit- 
 able (Drennel) Burbanks. 
 
 JACOB L. REID, son of Jasper A. and Rebecca 
 (Lowe) Reid, was born in Ash township October 22, 
 1848. His father came from Seneca county, N. Y., in 
 1835, and settled on section 11. His mother died Octo- 
 ber 27, 1870, and his father September 10, 1887. 
 
 EDWARD REVORD is of French descent, his 
 parents being John and Adeline (Lerouge) Revord. 
 His life began November 29, 1861, and his residence in 
 Ash in 1874. January 8, 1879, he married Rosa, 
 daughter of Louis and Eliza (Sauture) Le Due, at New- 
 port. Their children are : Agnes, born October 3, 
 
 1879; Addic, 13, 1883; Felix, May 15, 1884; 
 
 Rosa, October 11, 1886; and Louis, November 12, 1888. 
 
PERSONAL lllSTOKIES. 
 
 FREDERICK HIIINEHART was born in Geneva. 
 Seneca county, New York, September G, 1834, and 
 ciime to Ash in 183(5 with his parents, .John and 
 Salotna (Louden) Hhinehart. For two years Mr. 
 Rliinchart held the ofHee of township treasurer. 
 September 13, 18.57, he married Saloma, daughter of 
 .lacob and Sarali (Nngle) Fahnestock, wliose eliildren 
 are: Mary, born November -M, 18.59, married Oclo- 
 lier. 1ST!!, to Andrew Kenton; and Clara, born .January 
 4, 1861, married November, 1880. to William Thorn, 
 both living in A>h. For three years Mr. Rhinehart 
 was Worshipful Master of Hiram Lodge, No. 110, F. 
 it A. M.. at Flat I{oek, in which he was raised in 
 18.58. and also a member of River Raisin Chapter, No. 
 'i'i, in Monroe. 
 
 MRS. W. II. SIIAW, bom McSherrie, was mar- 
 ried in Ilungcrford, Ontario, May 15, 1855, to James 
 Arnett. Euphemia Shaw, daughter of Peter and 
 Eliza (Ilii;) McSherrie, was born in Elsifer, Hastings 
 c miity, Ontario, .lune 19, 1841. Her children are : 
 I.Hura, horn June 18, 185(i; James, January 18, 1858; 
 William 11 , April 28, 1801; Peter, May 1, 1804; Lucy, 
 August 4, 1800; Jlellissa, August 3, 18(>8; Thomas, 
 June 18, 1871; Addic, February 1, 1874; Gertrude, 
 December 3. U77. She came to the United States in 
 1871, and after living three years in Berlin, settled in 
 Ash In September, 1888, she was legally separated 
 from her lirsi husban<l, and October 10, 1888, married 
 to Wm. 11. Shaw. 
 
 FERDINAND STEINER, sou of Sebastian and 
 Catherine Steiner, was born in Bavaria, Germany, 
 Februarj- 10, 1805, and married Margaret Eissenger, 
 November 25, 1829. Ten years later he came to this 
 country and settled in Ash. His wile died in July, 
 1800, leaving seven girls and one boy. In October. 
 1866, he was married to Jjjdia, daughter of Gerhart 
 and Agnes (Scheurfeir) Scheiss, whose children are 
 four in number, three girls and one boy. 
 
 HENRY C. TALBOT was Ijorn in Sylvania, 
 Lucas county, Ohio. February 10, 1849, to which 
 place his parents, Robert and Mary Ann (Watson) 
 Talbot, removed in 1834 His father was one of the 
 pioneer railroad men in Michigan, and trackmaster for 
 35 years, 22 for the L. S. lV M". S. and 13 for the Wa- 
 bash Ry.. until his death in 1870. He was married at 
 Adrian July 24. 1877, to Jennie, daughter of James 
 and Elizabeth (Van Driesen) Redmond. He came to 
 Carlton in March. 1875, as agent and operator for the 
 Canada Southern R. R., and sliortlj' after became in- 
 terested in the dry goods and notion business, for nine 
 years traveling for Shaw & Baldwin, Toledo. Since 
 September, 1886, he has been the proprietor of a gen- 
 eral store in Carlton, and notary public. He is called 
 father by Charles Redmond, born November 21, 1879; 
 Fred IL, May 3, 18-il;and Cash W., February 13, 
 18S4. A prominent member of the A. O. I". W. and 
 other beneficial societies in Carlton, he was also a 
 chariir nieiuher of Floral City Jjodge, Knights of 
 Honor, in Monroe Cit)'. 
 
 JOHN THEISEN was born in Prussia on [the 
 Hliine .June fi, 1840. and came to the United States 
 two years later with his parents, Joseph and Cathe- 
 rine (Vlinch) Theisen, both of whom are deceased. 
 They setlled in the township of Springwe.ls, Wayne 
 county, where they lived for eighteen years. June 26. 
 
 1865, he was married to Margaiel, daughter of 
 Matliew and Ann (Foley) Reddy, whose children are : 
 William, born JIarch 15, 1808; Annie, born March 37, 
 
 1866, died April 1. 1866; Patrick J., born March 17, 
 
 1867, died April 1, 1867; .Joseph M., August 5, 1870; 
 Elizabeth J., August 5,1872; Annie, December 24. 1870; 
 Catharine, born January 5, 1878, died Januarv 15, 
 1882; Sarah, January 7. 1880; Fred. November 2,"l885; 
 Stephen, November 1, 1880, and Clarence, June 5, 
 1887. 
 
 CHARLES ARTHUR THORN, for a number 
 of years school moderator in Ash, is the son of John 
 
 and Elizabeth (Walters) Thorn, and born July 23, 
 1859. At Flat Rock. September 1, 1878, he married 
 Alda, daughter of Watson D. and Elizabeth (Trace) 
 Clark. The children are: Mabel, born May 39, 1880; 
 Mvrlie B., January 25. 1883; Daisy N., February 11, 
 1885, died f\:bruary 25, 1885; Grove J., March 23, 
 1886; Lee D., March 7, 18s8. 
 
 WALTER A. VILES was born in Ash, Novem- 
 ber 10. 1840. his parents being Joseph and Julia Ann 
 (Devore) Viles, settlers of 1832, his father cutting the 
 tirst wagon road from Flat Rock to bis claim on section 
 3. He enlisted in the 4th Micli.Vol. Inf. September 3, 
 1804. and went to the front, serving until di.scharged 
 at Houston, Texas. May 20, 1860. July 24. 1862. he 
 married Ann, daughter of Enoch and Catherine (Van 
 Riper) Chainberlin. whose children are Catherine J., 
 bom October29, 18(;3; and Joseph E., January 26, 1871, 
 
 SAMUEL WALLACE, for Ihe past seven years, 
 has been a helpless ciip^ile on his farm on section 16, 
 in Asli township, his lower e.xtreniities being para- 
 lyzed as the result of a fever in 1882. For thirteen 
 years Mr. W. was school director and moderator in 
 school district No. 7. He was born June 8, 1823, in 
 Corogary, County Moneghan, Ireland, and came to 
 this country in 1847, and to Moni-oe county in 1852. 
 He lived in E.\eter for two years, then settled in Ash, 
 where he has since resided. July 4, 1851, he niarrietl 
 Mary, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Tolbert) Boyle, 
 borii in Killarney, Ireland, August 1, 1825. Their 
 family circle consists of John Lewis, born May 19, 
 18"2; Elizabeth. June 27, 1853; Mary Ann. December 
 23, 1H55, died October 18, 1860; Samuel L.. November 
 25, 18()0; William R.. October 4, 1863, died September 
 • 12, 1804; William T., November 16, 1867. 
 
 JOHN WELCH was born in Ireland in 1820. Came 
 to America in 185!. June 21. 1852. he married Mar- 
 garet Reddy, who was born at Castle Komer, Ireland, 
 in 1820. boon after their marriage they came to Ash 
 township. Mich., and purchased 8i) acres of land. 
 One c!;ild, William Joseph, was born to them, Octo- 
 ber 22, 1860. William married Maggie Tizeu, of Ex- 
 eter, May 12, 1885, who was born in Michigan Jan- 
 uary 1, I860. 
 
 BKUFORD XO'WNSHIP. 
 
 LI C.\S AUAM.~^. the son of .Samuel and Anna 
 (Stone) Adams, was born April 10, 1806. in Leicester, 
 Addison countv, Vt , where he was mirried Septem- 
 ber 17, 1834. to" Mary, daughter of Elisha and Ruth 
 (Davids) Baker. He came to Bedford in April. 1836, 
 after stopping in Cleveland, Ohio, for about a year. 
 He now receives his mail at Temperance. His chil- 
 dren are : Charles, born July 7, 1835. died May 26, 
 180S; Elisha Baker, born March 15, 1837, died January 
 9, 1.^51: John Quincy, November l>, 1S49, now living 
 on the old homestead; and Ruth Ann. .May 15, 1843, 
 now living in Ida, the wife of Wm. Hoag. Mr, 
 Adams's father and jMrs. Adams's mother ilied at his 
 house, the former at the age of eighty-six, the latter 
 eighty years old. In jjolitics he has been a Republi- 
 can lor many years, and has been elected to a number 
 of local offices, but failed 10 iiualify for any. He is a 
 member of the Wesleyan Methodist church. 
 
 JAMES ALLONSON ALLEN, who for six years 
 was deputy siieritf of Monroe county, is a Democrat, 
 and was horn October 17, is2(i, in Rutland Co.. Vt. In 
 l.'^35 he came to Bedford with his parents, Liba and 
 Laura (Doaue) Allen, lie was married at Laiiibert- 
 ville, .lanuary 2. 1S51. lo Christina, daughter of Josci)h 
 and Margaret (Bennett) Phelps Their children are : 
 Arabel Matilda, born January 29, IS.52; Delbert A. 
 and Delmer A,, September 23. I>*54; Viola, January 7, 
 1S57; Edna, born August 5, is(i(), died January 4, 1871; 
 Lucy, J, April 15, isoij. Deliner died August 25, 1855, 
 and "Delbert A. lives at home on the farm. By occu- 
 pation Mr. Allen is a farmer and carpenter, and 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 receives his mail at Lambertville. In religion a 
 Universalist. 
 
 LEWIS ANSTED, a merchant and farmer of Bod- 
 ford, came tliere in 1S04 wiih Ijis parents, Jacob and 
 Elizabeth (Welker) Ansted, on their removal from 
 Washington township, Sandusky county, O , where he 
 was born Aua;ust 1, 1840. March 1, 1870, he was mar- 
 ried to Marietta, daughter of Elisha and Harriet 
 Amanda (Reynolds) llayden. They have six children, 
 five boys and one girl, the oldest of whom is seven- 
 teen, living vv'ith them on their hundred and twenty 
 acre farm, and have lost two boys by death. In 1880 
 he opened a general store at Temperance, and on the 
 establishment of a postolfice there, was appointed 
 postmaster, which place he now flis In politics lie 
 is a strong Prohibitionist, and in religion a member of 
 the Free Methodist church, in which he has been 
 trustee and treasurer tor over eight years. 
 
 PIERCE ARCHER follows the occupation of farmer 
 and builder. His postoffice is Temperance. He was 
 born in Buckinghamshire, England, October 34, 1830, 
 and came to this country in 1833 with his parents, 
 Charles and Ann (Walker) Archer, the former of 
 whom is now living in Monroe, the place of his first 
 settlement, a hale and hearty man, who passed his 
 ninety-sixth birthday February 14, 1890, and working 
 as a gardener nearly every day. At Erie, September 
 18, 1849, he married Maria, daughter of Thomas and 
 Dianthe (Schilling) Arnold, four of whos-e children 
 are now living, two bovs in Toledo, one in Battle 
 Creek, and one'girl, married and residing in St. Johns, 
 and one girl dead. Politically he is a Republican, 
 and came to Bedford in the fall of 1870. 
 
 CLOVIS BOOKEY was the third of seven children 
 of John and Phoebe ^Trombley) Bookey, and was born 
 in Rochester, N. Y., June l(i,"l829. On coming west 
 he first went to Detroit and then to Toledo, settling in 
 Bedford (Lambertville) in 1874. He was married at 
 Otter Creek, January 17, 18G3, to Arvilla, daughter of 
 Francis and Theresa (Aubin) Charter, whose children 
 are : Theresa Eliza, born January o, 1863 ; Henry Elmer, 
 April 23, 1866; Helen, July 11, 1868; Arvilla Ida, 
 March 16, 1871; Kozella, January 4, 1875, died July 4, 
 1879; Letitia May, September 31, 1879; Clovis Red- 
 mond, April 3, 1886. While brought up in the Roman 
 Catholic faith, he does not claim membership in any 
 church now. He is a member of Forsyth Post, No. 
 14, at Toledo, having enlisted in March, 1864, in Co. 
 B, 67th Ohio Vol. Inf. at Toledo, and in August of the 
 same year was badly wounded in the left hand, at 
 Deep Bottom, in the Wilderness fight. While refusing 
 all township offices, he votes the Republican ticket as 
 a rule. 
 
 MERRILL ALDRICH BRAGDON, of Lambert- 
 ville, in Bedford township, is a native of Manchester, 
 Ontario county. New York, whce he w is born August 
 20, 182o. After living there and in Orleans county he 
 came to Bedford with his parents, Daniel and Esther 
 (Aldrich) Bragdon, in November, 1840. He was mar- 
 ried at Vienna, September 4, 1853, to Alvira, daughter 
 of Nathan G. and Anna (Dayton) Watkins, whose only 
 child is William Henry, born July 29, 1859. Politic- 
 ally he is a Republican, and in religion a plain Chris- 
 tian. 
 
 EDWIN BRISTOLL, a farmer living on section 31, 
 Bedford, was born on the same section, August 13, 
 1837, and is the son of Silas and Alzady (Aldiich) Bris- 
 toU. He enlisted at Lambertville (his present postoffice 
 address), August 14, 1863, as a private in Co. K, 18th 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., and was discharged a sergeant, for 
 disability, August 13, 1863. In 1864 he joined Russell 
 Lodge, No. 144, F. & A. M. March 4, 1862, in White- 
 ford, he matried Mary Jane, daughter of Philo and 
 Hannah (Stevens) Stevens, of Lucas county, Ohio, 
 who died December 25, 1871. March 27, 1873, in 
 Dundee, he mirried Catherine, daughter of Joshua T. 
 and Maria (Hecock) Dodge. He was for the second 
 
 time left a widower, December 1, 1884, with seven 
 children, two boys and five girls. A stanch Re- 
 publican, he has been township treasurer for eight 
 years. 
 
 CORYDON JAMES CHAPEL, a farmer on section 
 16, in Bedford, is a native of Grand Blanc, Genesee 
 county, Mich., where he was born February 21, 1836, 
 his parents being William and Lydia (Burns) Chapel. 
 In 1846 he came to Bedford, and January 23, 1863, 
 married Emily S., daughter of William P. and Mary 
 (Willard) Hubbell. Wakeman, born August 9, 1854, 
 is their only child. A member of the Free Will Bap- 
 tist Church, he is a strong advocate of Temperance 
 (his postoffice address), and as a Prohibitionist, carries 
 his principles to the ballot box. 
 
 RUSSELL C. COLLINS, the son of William and 
 Betsey (Adams) Collins, is a native of Tinmouth, 
 Rutland county, Vermont, and born December 11, 1836. 
 After learning the trade of wagon-maker, he settled in 
 Monroe in 1851. He has four children; Albert L., 
 born August 26, 1849, now living on an adjoining farm; 
 Almira A,, born August 33. 1853, liviu" .at home; Wil- 
 liam M., born October 4, 1856, now in Raisinville; and 
 Nora A., born May 11, 1860, and a resident of Samaria. 
 Their mother is Charlotte, daughter of O.iver and Ra- 
 chel (Humphrey) Janes, to whom he was married in 
 North Bay, Oneida county, New Y'ork, September 12, 
 1847. Until his settling in Bedford, in March, 1870, 
 Mr. Collins has led a roving life, and for many years 
 was in the employ of the Lake Shore Railroad, being 
 three years in "the Adrian shops. He has in his pos- 
 session one of the first strap rail frogs used on that 
 line, and at the opening of the New York Central 
 "took in" the first complimentary excursion going 
 from Canistota to Utica. In politics he is an inde- 
 pendent, but prefers the principles of the Republican 
 party. 
 
 ABIJAH CONE was born in Perry, Geauga county, 
 Ohio, July 28, 1833, from which place he came with 
 his parents, Eras'us and Anna (Colwell) Cone, in 1833, 
 settling in Washington township, near what is now 
 the Milburn Wagon Works. December 12, 1848, he 
 married Juliette, daughter of Hyman and 
 (Hurd) Lewis, who died July 11, 1866, leaving five 
 children, of whom one boy and two girls are now liv- 
 ing at Milburn. His second wife, to whom he was 
 married February 9, 1867, was Angeline. daughter of 
 John and Angeline (Rabideau) Shelleroe, whose only 
 child, a girl, now lives in Toledo. In September, 18)7, 
 he moved to Whiteford, and in 1860 was clerk of that 
 township, and started the first register there under the 
 new election laws. August 33, 1864, he enlisted in Co. 
 M, 8th Mich. Vol. Cav.^ from which he was discharged 
 at Pulaski, T' nn., June 10, 1865. A severe wojnd re- 
 ceived at Henry ville, Tenn., places him on the pen- 
 sion list. His religion is embraced in the creed of the 
 Universalist Church, and from its first organization 
 he has supported the Republican ticket, under which he 
 has held several offices. 
 
 EUGENE B. DOTY, whose farm of one hundred 
 and forty acres is on section 35 in Bedford. c:mie 
 there with his parents, Stephen and Octavia (Harris) 
 Doty, in 1836, their former home being Erie, Pa., 
 where he was born January 8, 1823. He was married 
 to Almira, daughter of Silas and Alzady (Aldrich) 
 BristoU. Mrs. Doty was born in Lancaster, Ontario 
 county, New York, August 22, 1826, and came to Bed- 
 ford in 1836, where she died December 19, 1885, leav- 
 ing four children, two boys and two girls, all living 
 near by the old homestead. Mr. Doty votes for Re- 
 publicans as a rule, and is a member of Russell Lodge, 
 No. 144, at Lambertville, and receives his mail at Erie. 
 EDMOND DULL, a carpenter by trade and mer- 
 chant by occupation, living at Temperance, is high\vay 
 commissioner for Bedford township, to which office 
 he has been elected on the Republican ticket several 
 terms. He is a Bedford boy, being born in that town- 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 ship February 1, 1863, and married there February 20, 
 1HS4, to Caroline, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth 
 (Welker) Ansted, who is a member of the Baptist 
 Church. He is the son of Joseph C. and Marj- (Ben- 
 tou) Dull. 
 
 JOSEPH C'. DULL, whose mail ia sent to Samarin, 
 is by trade a carpenter, which he follows in connection 
 with tilling his farm in Bcdfonl. He was born in 
 Quincy twp., Franklin county, Pennsylvania, July 10, 
 1S2.5. his parents being Jacob and Catherine (Secrist) 
 Dull. He WHS married in Bedford county. Pa., July 
 4, ]X'y2, to Mary, dausrhler of Jonathan and Saraii 
 (Laird) Benton, and in ihe spring of isti.5 moved to 
 Wayne county, Ohio, where he lived until coming to 
 Bedford in the spring of 1SG9. During his residence 
 there, as a Uepublican. he has held several township 
 offices, among which is highway commissioner, to 
 which he has been elected for si.\ terms. He is the 
 father of eight boys and four girls, all of whom — with 
 Ihe exception of ons boy dead, and the oldest son, Ja- 
 cob, living in Lucas county, Ohio, and Albert, in Len- 
 awee county, Michigan — are residents of Bedford 
 township. In religion Mr. Dull is a member of the 
 Seventh Day Baptist Church. 
 
 FKANCIS EVANS, whose postoffiee address is Erie, 
 is a farmer and carpenter living oc section 1 1 in Bedford, 
 and was born in the District of Montreal, Quebec, March 
 13, 1S2(), and is Ihe son of Simon and Theresa (Bran- 
 chau) Evans. He was married at Montreal in Septem- 
 ber, 1H40, to Rosa Crapeau, who died in 1843, leaving 
 two children. In June, ls44, he married Hena, daugh- 
 ter of Francis and Genevieve (Peru) Ager, who died in 
 April, 1S.S0, leaving four children. The children, 
 three boys and two girls, are all living in Minnesota. 
 In April, isso, he married Rena. daughter of Joseph 
 and Dusseau. In 1851 .Mr. Evans came to 
 
 the United States, and in 18.19 moved to Bedford. In 
 politics he is a Democrat, and in religion a Roman 
 Catholic. 
 
 JOSEPH UEXTNER, a blacksmith in Samaria, is 
 the son of Jcseph and Katherine (Grasel) Gentner, and 
 was born ii^ Baden, Germany, July lo, 1847, and came 
 to America in 18."i3. He lived with his parents in New 
 York for two years, then moved to Monroe, where he 
 lived till 18l>«." He then went to Toledo, Ohio, where 
 he learned bis trade and remained till 188T, when hu 
 moved to Bedford. July l"), IST"), while at Toledo, he 
 married Anna, daughter of Gottlieb and 
 (Iloeflfner) Agner, by whom he has had eight children, 
 four boys and four girls. During the war of the Re- 
 bellion he enlisted January IX, isii4, at Monroe, as 
 drummer, in Co. I, Tth Mich. Vol. Inf., and was mus- 
 tered out at JelTersonville, Ind., July 5, isiio. In re- 
 ligion he is a Roman Catholic, and in politics a Demo- 
 crat. 
 
 PHILANDER KARR. farmer, receives his mail at 
 Samaria. He is the son of George W. and Charlotte 
 (Eighmey) Karr, and was born at Henrietta, Jackson 
 county. Mich., February -"3, 184(5. In Isfif! he moved 
 to Erie, where he lived until he came to Bedford in 
 188(i. He married Betsy, daughter of Robert and Ol- 
 ive M. (Southwell) Lockhart, at Jackson, September T, 
 1865, at which place February 11, 1862, he enlist(d as 
 private in Co. I. sth Mich. Vol. Inf. July H, 1X63, 
 he was captured at Jackson, Miss., and sent to Libby 
 Prison and Belle Isle. On his way to Andeisonville, 
 in September, 1863, he was returned, exchanged and 
 sent to Camp Chase. Rejoining his regiment, lie was 
 wounded at Petersburg, July 11, 1X64, and discharged 
 as corporal, February 11, 1865. Is a member of \\'il 
 liam Bell Post, No. 10, G. A. R., at Dundee; a Presby- 
 terian and a Democrat. Of his family' of six children 
 four aie living and two dead. 
 
 GEORGE KIRKLAND, born in New York City, 
 September 1, ISIO. is the son of Joseph and Hannah 
 (Scribner) Kirkland. and came to Bedford io 1839. For 
 sixteen yeais he held the office of justice of the peace, 
 
 for one year was supervisor of Bedford township, 
 and for seven years treasurer of tlie Farmers' Mutual 
 Fire Insurance Company of Wayne and Monroe 
 counties. September 1, 1X30. he was married in 
 Greene county. New York, to Maria, daughter of John 
 and Hannah (Kelterliou.se) Couse. Of their children: 
 four girls, two are dead; and four boys, one is dead, 
 and Warren is living at home. In politics Mr. Kirk- 
 land iias always been a Democrat, and for many years 
 has been a member of Russell Lodge, No. 144, F. & A. 
 M., at Lambertville. 
 
 MORRIS KLINCK was born in Germany-, June 22, 
 1X42, and came to America in 1x47 with his parents, 
 Jacob and Rickie (Beck) Kliock. Twenty-two years 
 later he settled on a forty-five acre farm on sec-tion 15, 
 Beilford township. June 22, Ixili), he married Rosina, 
 daughter of George and Barbara (Biehrline) Boegler. 
 Death has clairae'l two of his boys, and the rest of his 
 children, two boys and two girls, the oldest eighteen 
 years of age, are living at home. In politics he is a 
 Democrat, and for four years was deputy sheritf of 
 Monroe county. In religion he affiliates with the Lu- 
 theran church. 
 
 JOHN LASKEY is a native of Devonshire, Eng- 
 land, where he was born March 24, 1X28, coming to 
 this country in 1X35 with his parents, George and Ann 
 (Southard) Laskey, and sellling in Washington town- 
 ship, Lucas county, Ohio. In November. 1x58, at 
 VVhiteford, he married .Martha Ann, daughter of 
 Richard and Esther (Cole) Queltcb, whose seven chil- 
 dren, four boys and three girls, are all living in Mon- 
 roe county. In 1K.5X he moved to Bedford and settled 
 on section 26, where he has since lived, his postoffiee 
 address being Temperance. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican, and tills the soil for a living. 
 
 SOLOMON LaPLANTE is a fnimer living on sec- 
 tion 35 in Bedford, and calling at Erie for his mail. 
 His parents are Francis and Slary (Fobare) LaPlante, 
 and lie was born in Erie, June 16, 1x47. In 1XS5 he 
 came to Bedford, still holding his membership in the 
 Catholic Church at Erie, where he was married Janu- 
 ary 23, 1XT7. to .Margaret, daughter of Peter and Juli- 
 anna Borgar. He has lost two boys, and has living 
 with him three boys and one girl, aged respectively, 
 twelve, nine, eight and two years. In politics he Is a 
 Republican. 
 
 S.X.MUEL T. LORD was born in Madison county. 
 New York, May 11, 1X20. his parents being Andrew P. 
 and Salomia C. (Tenny) Lord. He came to Bedford 
 in 1X33, and is the proprietor of a large stock farm on 
 section 36 in Bedford, making a speciiilty of tine Ham- 
 bletonian stock. He is a member of Russell Lodge, 
 No. 144. F. & A. M., of Lambertville, and receives 
 his mail at Toledo, llarriet .M., daughter of John S. 
 and Sophia (Parker) Pratt, and the widow of Abel 
 Hoag, became his wife at Bedford, October 9,1X63. 
 Her children are Alice M. Hoag, born March 19, lx.",3. 
 and Gertrude B. Lord, born December 30, 1864, and 
 John P. Lord, born July 26. 1866, living at home. Mr. 
 Lord is a Methodist in religion, and a Republican in 
 politics. 
 
 JOHN NEWCOMBE was born in Devonshire, Eng- 
 lanc, July ix, 1x15, and came to this country in 1x4s. 
 After living two years in Ohio he settled in lx.",Oon 
 section 27 in Bedford. The present farm gradually 
 accumulated by sturdy tilling of the soil, and now 
 covers an area of nearly two hundred and fifty acres. 
 He if the son of John and Ann Newcombe. A member 
 of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. He went to Lam- 
 bertville, October 2(1, 1x49, and was married to .\nn, 
 daughter of John and Ann (Urooks) Ash. Of a family 
 of six boys and five girls, one of each has died. While 
 he always votes the Republican ticket, yet he never can 
 be persuaded to hold any office in the iownsliip. 
 
 ANDREW JACKSON NICHOLS was born in Win- 
 fleld, Herkimer county, New York, October 5, 1820, 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and is the son of fShibinih and Surbiah (Sherwood) 
 Nichols, In the fall of 1849 he came to Toledo, Ohio, 
 where he was married April 17, 1851, to Phoebe E., 
 daughter of Richmond and Polly (Payne) Hathaway, 
 and in 1853 moved to Bedford, locatmg on section 36. 
 His mail reaches him by way of Erie, and he is one of 
 the Republican farmers of Bedford. Of his children 
 one boy is dead and two are living iit home; one daugh- 
 ter is attending school at Toledo, and the other living 
 at Vienna. 
 
 WASHINGTON PENNOCK, a farmer in Bedford 
 township, near Samaria, is a native of ibe township, 
 being the son of Hannibal and Eliza (Long) Pennock, 
 and born Septendjer 33, 185)S, on the same farm where 
 he is now living. He is counted in the Democratic 
 fold on election days. October 10, 1884, he married 
 Alice, daughter of James and Eiizibeth (Charter) Sut- 
 ton. Her children are Editb, born March 22, 188i;, 
 and Ira, born November 16, 1887. 
 
 FRANCIS XAVIER PETTEE was born in a log 
 house adjoining his present residence on section 12 in 
 Bedford, on St. Patrick's Day, in 1847, his parents 
 being Francis and Julia (Rowe) Pettee. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Catholic Church at Erie, and always votes 
 the Democratic ticket. His mail is received at Brie, 
 where May 11, 1875, he was married to Matilda Mary, 
 daughter of Francis and Victoria (Morau) Cousino. 
 Her children are: Wallace Francis, born May 3, 1876; 
 Irene Esther, December 36, 1877; Roger Caryll. Sep- 
 tember 7, 1879; Milton Isaias, May 34, 1881; Joseph 
 Lee, February 21, 1884, died April 28, 1884; Cirel 
 Ralph, February 2), 1884, died November 21, 1885; 
 Walter Isadore, March 12, 1886; and Mary Elsie, Jan- 
 uary 4, 1888. 
 
 WILLIAM POW LESLAND was born in Devonshire, 
 England, June 15, 1825, and came to America with his 
 parents, William and Grace (Povvlesland) Powlesland, 
 in 1849. In October, 1850, he married Jane, daughter 
 of Charles and Grace (Barnes) Morlimore, and lived in 
 Monroe two years. He then moved lo Erie, where ho 
 lived three years, and in 1856 settled on section 5 in 
 Bedford. His only child, Georgiana Caroline, was born 
 June 18, 1852, and is now living in the township of 
 Ida, the wife of Franklin G. Jackman. Mr. Powles- 
 land is a member of Russell Lodge of Free Masons, in 
 which he was treasurer for many years. Polit- 
 ically he is a Democrat, and for thirteen years was 
 treasurer of the school board in his district. 
 
 EDMUND RAWSON, a stanch Democrat of the old 
 school, who for over thirty years was justice of the 
 peace, and for twenty-nine years treasurer of Bedford 
 township, is the son of Stephen and Nancy Ann (Ells- 
 worth) Rawson, and was born at Clearmont, on the 
 North River, New York, September 25, 1810. His first 
 wife was Churlena, daughter of Eldridge and 
 (Holmes) Phillips, to whom he was married in Ontario 
 county. New York, February 20, 1832. On June 8, 
 1833, he settled on section 32 in Bedford. For many 
 years he has been a member of Russell Lodije, No. 
 144, F. & A. M., at Lambcrtville, his posloffice ad- 
 dress. His first wife died November 25, 1835, and in 
 March 1850, he married Mary McLouth, who died No- 
 vember 25, 1883. 
 
 JACKSON M. SCOFIBLD calls at Lambertville for 
 his mail, and in the fall of 1833 came from Greene 
 county. New York, to Erie county, Ohio, with his par- 
 ents, Jacob and Cynthia (Phillips) Scofield, where he 
 remained until his removal to Bedford, in 1866. He 
 was born in Greene county. New York, April 18, 1828, 
 and married in Sandusky, Ohio, January 17, 1853, to 
 Mary Elizabeth, daughter of William and Mary (Lang- 
 well) Shepard, whose children are: William J., born 
 October 13, 1854; Lida M., August 23, 1856; Samuel 
 R., December 23, 1857; Mary Adelia, October 17, 1861; 
 and Ira P., October 25, 1867. Mr. S. is an adherent of 
 the Universalist Church, and in politics a Democrat. 
 
 ALBERT THORNTON was born in Ovid town- 
 ship, Seneca county, New York, June 11, 1823, and 
 came to Bedford in 1834 with his parents, Ebenezer 
 and Abigail (Wood) Thornton. He was married at 
 Whiteford, April 29, 1849, to Ann, daughter of Joshua 
 and Sarah (Tattersall) Richardson. Their children are: 
 Emma, born June 20, 1862, and Anna, born January 
 14, 1866. In politics Mr. T. is independent, always 
 voting for the man whom he considers best qualified 
 to fill the office. In religion he leans to the doctrines 
 of the Universalist Church. 
 
 AARON VanWORMER enlisted in Co. I, 130th 
 Ohio Vol. Inf., at Toledo, April 17, 1864, and was hon- 
 orably discuarged after serving for one hundred and 
 forty- three days. He belongs to Albert Moore Pnst, No. 
 583, G. A. R., in West Toledo, where he receives his 
 mail. By occupation he is a farmer, living on section 
 33 in Bedford, to which place he came in March, 1868. 
 He is the son of Aaron and Philetta (Wagner) Van- 
 Wormer, and was born in Gilderland, Albany county, 
 New York, November 24, 1837, Ten years later he 
 went to Indiana, where he lived three years, going to 
 Toledo in 1850, and remaining there until his removal 
 to Bedford. His political fortunes are cast in the 
 Democratic camp, and in religion he goes with the 
 Universalists. At Bedford, July 4, 18,58, he married 
 Rhcda, daughter of James and Mary (Ellis) Southard. 
 His only child, Innie, was born March 24, 1861, and 
 died October 19, 1880. 
 
 CHELSEA WEBSTER, an eclectic physician at 
 Lambertville, was born in Saybrook, Ashtabula 
 county, Ohio, August 5, 1815, his parents being George 
 and Harriet (Stone) Webster. October 5, 1837, he mar- 
 ried Laura M., daughter of William and Polly (Dur- 
 nier) Sheldon. In politics the doctor is a strong Re- 
 publican. He commenced practice in the eclectic 
 school in 1840, having been under a preceptor for four 
 years, and then receiving his diploma from the botanic 
 society. He lived in Harpersfield for twenty-lour and 
 in Milan for six j-ears, and came to Bedford in 1873. 
 He has six children: Harriet, living in New York, 
 Louisa in Toledo, George and Mark in Lambertville, 
 and Sheldon and Chelt in Missouri. 
 
 ROGER WILLARD, a Democrat dyed in the wool, 
 and a strong advocate of the Universalist Church, has 
 been justice of the peace in Bedford since 1885, and 
 was postmaster at Samaria for nearly eight years. He 
 is a native of Monroe county , being born at Ida, No- 
 vember 27, 1839, and locating in BedTford in 1863, open- 
 ing a general store at Samaria. In December, 1860, he 
 married Electa A., daughter of Chester and Emma 
 Jane (Butler) Mason, whose children are: Dora E., 
 born October 28, 1861;Jennie A,, July 6, 186.5;Allen G., 
 December 26, 1868; Eugene, December 25, 1875; Clar- 
 en<^e B., February 27, 1878; and Francis E., August 36, 
 1885. He has long been a member of Russell Lodge, 
 No. 144, F. & A. M., at Lambertville. 
 
 BERLIN XO"WI«SHlP. 
 
 HORACE G. ASELSTYNE was born in Berlin 
 February 17, 1851, his parents being Josiah and 
 Harlia E. (Blodgett) Aselstyne. May 18, 1873, he 
 married Elizabeth, daughter of David and Elizabeth 
 (Trace) Clark of Ash township. His family consists of 
 three boys and the same number of girls, viz. : Byron 
 J., born December 28, 1876: Maud and Mary, July 6, 
 1880; Blanche, February 17, 1875; Harry E., March 
 27, 1887: and Frank L., August 14, 1888. By occupa- 
 tion he is a farmer. 
 
 BENJAMIN BANCROFT, son of Benj iiuin B. 
 and Penelope (Greene) Bancroft, was born in Benton, 
 Yates count}', N. Y., .lanuary 27, 1832, and was mar- 
 ried May 35, 1856, to Esther L., daughter of Stephen 
 and Lucy (Canfield) Reynolds, who died without issue 
 March 31, 1857. March 25, 1858, he married Elizabeth, 
 daughter of John and Esther (Hotchkiss) Canfield, of 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 Steuben county, N. Y. He came to Berlin in 1857. 
 His children are: Charles S., born September 18, 1859, 
 and Viola May. born May 27, 1873. 
 
 .lOSEPlI 15 BAKOW has a farm of 230 acres in 
 Derlin township. lie was born in Otter Creek, 
 Monroe county, Jlicb., February 12, 1833. the son of 
 Basil and Catherine (R>we) Barow. .lanuary 11, 
 1851, he married Adeline, dausrhter of Gustave and 
 Angcline (Geueaux) Girnay. Uer children are three 
 boys and a like number of uirls, all l)ut one of whom 
 are married. Mr. Barow cnli'-ted as a private under 
 ('apt. James J. llunlly, October 1, 1864. in Co. A, 9lh 
 .Mich. Vet. Inf.. and by special order No. 66 was dis- 
 eh irged at Nashville, Tenn., September 15, 1865. 
 
 Il'LIAN BANRA was born in Bay Settlement, 
 Vienna, Erie townsb;|), July 4, 1825. When si.\ years 
 old he came with his parents, John and CuUet 
 (Drouillard) Baumle. to Otter Creek, where he re- 
 mained till he was 25 years old, when, May 17, 18,50, 
 he married Julien, daughter of Gustav and Elizabeth 
 (Lcreaux) Anteau, and came to Newport. His family 
 consists of five boys and three girl-, besides which one 
 boy has died. lu 1865 he was drafted, but pro- 
 cured a substitute. 
 
 HENRY BELL, son of William and Sarah (Carle- 
 ton) Bell, was born at Grosse Isle, Wavne county, May 
 10, 1837. March 28, 1857, Marietta" Baker, of Ash 
 township, became his wife, "nd he is the father of two 
 girls and two boys, all now living. 
 
 DENNIS BONDY entered the employ of the 
 Toledo and Canada Southern R. H. in 1879 as a sec- 
 lion hand, remaining with Ihem till June 5, 1883, 
 when he entered the employ (if ihe Michigan Central 
 as section foreman, lie is ihe son of Lawrence and 
 Mary (Compau) Bondy, and born in Rockwood, Wayne 
 county, June 14, 1858. He married Uosa, daughter of 
 Victor and Josephine (Lezott) Lemerond, June 9, 
 1879. Their children are: Annie, born March 20, 
 1880; Alice, born June 8. 1881: Harry, March 5, 
 1883; Dean D., May 21. 1885; William, December 5, 
 1886; Emma, January 18, 1889, all living with the ex- 
 ception of Annie, who died August 22, 1880. 
 
 WILLIAM BLACK came to Monroe county in 
 1874, and lor four yeais was deputy sheriff. In Aprd, 
 1861, while living at Rochester, Minn., lo which 
 place he emigrated in 1856, he enlisted in the three 
 months' service as second corporal in Co. B, 2d Minn. 
 Vol. Inf. He re-enlisted for three years or the war in 
 the same company, but was discharged forsickn'ss in 
 April, 1862. He again enlisted as 1st dutj' sergeant in 
 Co. F, 86th Ohio Vol. Inf. in September, 18153, being 
 discharged in June, 1861, at Cleveland, Ohio. He 
 was born in Somcr-et, Ohio. S-'pteniber 21, 18'29, the 
 son of John and Phoebe (Skinner) Black. December 
 29, 18.53, at Bowling Green, Ohio, he mariied Medora, 
 daughter of William and Clara (Ketcham) Dunning. 
 She died January 25. 1888. lacking but three days of 
 being tifty years old. being born in Hamtonbiirg. 
 N. Y., January 28, 1838. Her children are : Jay, born 
 February 4, 1855 : Ida. Novembrr 11. 1.856; VVilberl. 
 December 10, 1«5^; Ella, December 20, 18t)0; Maud, 
 January 16, 1877 ; Floyd, November 17, 1879, the lirst 
 two in Tontogany. Ohio, the second two born in 
 Rochester, Minn., the last two in Newport. All arc 
 living except Jay and Floyd, the former dviug March 
 2.5, 1855; ttie lalier December 4, 1883. 
 
 ANTOINE BRANCHEAU, the son of Peter and 
 Margaret (Rowe) Brancheau, wai born at La Plais- 
 ance, Monroe county, October 3, 1825. In 1848 he 
 was married lo a Miss Barnard, who died in 1851, 
 leaving two children, both girls, but who also died in 
 a few years. January 31, 1853, iie was married to his 
 present wife, Josephine, daughter of Doniini(|iie and 
 Tlierese (Chova) Sauture, by whom be has had five 
 children, one girl and two boys dying in infancy, the 
 other two still living, Kli having held the office of 
 
 highway cotnmissioner four years and of supervisor of 
 Berlin township for the same length of time. 
 
 DEWITT CLINTON BROWN, born in Ypsi- 
 lanti, Washtenaw county, Mich., July 7, 1837, is the 
 son of J. Nathan and Lvdia (tJotts) Brown. October 
 16. 1872, he married Ellen Rachel, daughter of Royal 
 and Jane (Wycoff) French. His only child is Clara 
 A., born May 30, 1875. By occupation he is a wood- 
 worker. 
 
 BENJAMIN BULGER, of Berlin, was born April 
 23, 1817, in Pennsylvania: settled in Monroe county in 
 1870; married Charlotte Gibbs April 23, 1840, who was 
 born September 11, 1820, and died October 21. 1852, 
 Ten children were born to them. Mr. Bulger married 
 for his second wife CeliaWhitaker, of Lidiana, August, 
 1853, who was born January 23, 1832. He enlisted in 
 Co. M, 3d Ohio Cav., December, 1864, and was mus- 
 tered out July, 1865. Mr. Bulger has been justice of 
 the peace three years, collector of customs nine years. 
 He owns a farm of twenty-nine acres. PostofUce 
 address, Newport. 
 
 JOHN CALVIN CASE, born in Berlin, Febru- 
 ary 12, 1858, son of Hugh C. and Haimah D. (Young) 
 Case, w.as married Novembi^r 11. 1879, to Sanih Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Chester and Helen (WycolT) Lamb. 
 Two children, Cora May, born July 2, 1884. and Glenn 
 William, July 25, 1888, "are happy to call him father. 
 
 OTIS W. CUAMBERLIN, son of Uriah and Sarah 
 (Gilbirds) Chamb' rlin, was born in Berlin town- 
 ship, March 24, 1842. He has been twice married, the 
 first time in Lafayette, Indiana, to Johanna, daughter 
 of John and Mary (Munn) Kramart, October 8,1862. 
 She died May 8, ls79, her childrenbeing two boys and 
 one girl living, and one boy has died, .\pril 16, 1881, ho 
 married Caroline, daughter of William and Catherine 
 F. (Case) Pirdun. By occupation Mr. Chamberlin is a 
 farmer, and for twelve years has been director in his 
 school district. 
 
 SARAH CHAMBERLIN, widow of Uriah Cham- 
 berlin, is the daughter of Jonathan and Sarah (Free- 
 love) Gilbirds. She is a native of Quebec, where she 
 was horn March 17, 1815. While in Vienna, Seneca 
 county. N. Y.. June 17, 1836, she was married to 
 Uriah Chamberlin, and they at once came to Berlin. 
 Her husband died January 12, 1885, and of her chil- 
 dren (twelve boys and two girls) all but seven boys are 
 living. 
 
 AUSTIN BOSTWICK CHAPMAN, one of the 
 pioneers of Southeastern Michigan, was born in Ver- 
 mont February 3, 1821, the son of Joseph and Laura 
 (Bostwick) Chapman. Coming to Wayne county in 
 1835, be located in Berlin in 1839. and July 4, 1847, 
 was married lo Catherine, daughter of John and 
 Cornelia (Smith) Burton. Of their children, four boys 
 and two girls, Hiram, Hobi-rt and Austin B., jr., ore 
 the only ones living, two of the remaining four dying 
 in infancy, and the other two after they were grown 
 up. 
 
 AUSTIN B. CHAPMAN, JR., son of Austin B. 
 and Catherine (Uurlon) Chapman, was born in Berlin 
 township November 17, 1851. December 25, 1870. he 
 married Mary C , daughter of Nicholas W. and Mary 
 Ann (C:hase) Van Riper. His family consists of Cor- 
 tu-liaC, born January 10, 1872; Delmont L., October 
 •3, 1873; Almon B., April 14. 1877; Mabel May, July 
 5, 1879; and Hazel G., April 18, 1888. For eight years 
 he has held the office of school inspector, and lias been 
 school director in his district since 1870. 
 
 WARREN F. CHARTER, a soldier in the last 
 war, is the fon of Francis and Martha ((.)dell) Charter, 
 and born in LaSalle, Mich., March 7, 1844. Co. A, 
 4th Reg. Mich. Inf. was organized in .Monroe May 16, 
 1861, and mustered into the three years' service June 
 20, 1861, being assigned to the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 
 5th .Vrmy Corps. Warren F. went as a recruit in 
 August, 1862, and served until the regiment was mus 
 
10 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 tered out in October, 1865. December 36, 1865, he 
 married Rachel, daughter of John and Emil}(Everetl) 
 Manning, and is the father of two children, a boy and 
 girl. By occupation a sawyer, he has been in part- 
 nership with Wm. Grelzler for the past six years. 
 
 JOHN F. COLBURN, a mfrchani and for eisrht 
 years postmaster at Newport, in Berlin township, 
 was born in Ash, Monroe county, Michigan, Novem- 
 ber 13, 1842. His parents, Jo.siali and Abigail (Foster) 
 Colburn, came from Vermont "and .settled on section 
 36 in Ash township in 1833, taking out letters patent 
 for the land, the papers being signed by Andrew 
 Jackson His father died January 15. 1886. His 
 brother William was in the 17th Wisconsin for three 
 years, and George enlisted in the 24lh Michigan in 
 August, 1863, and was killed at Gettysburg July 3, 
 1863. His wife, Emeline, is the daughter of Jostpli 
 and Sally (True) Doty, who .settled in R:iisinville in 
 1836, to whom he was married November 30, 1865. 
 Her children are : Ella, born December 38, 1868, 
 died August 25, 1869; George M., April 7, 1872; Belle, 
 October 16. 1874; EIroy D., born October 19, 1878, 
 died July 17, 1887. 
 
 MRS. RACHEL FLINT, widow of Isaac H. Flint, 
 was born in Collins, Erie county, N. Y., August 
 7, 1828, and came to Salem, Washtenaw county, Mich., 
 with her parents, Crampton and Lucinda (Buck) 
 Jewell, in the spring of 1833. In 1844 she moved to 
 Ash township, and December 25, 1845, was married to 
 Isaac H. Flint, who died January 30, 1885. Of her 
 children, one girl and two boys are still at home, six 
 boys and five girls are living, and one boy and two 
 girls have been laid to rest. 
 
 WILHELM GRETZLER, son of Henry and 
 Caroline (Willett) Gretzler, was born November 13, 
 1835, in Gokher, Prussia. He came to the United 
 States in 1869, settling in Corry, Pa , in May of that 
 year, and in September marrying Minnie Dank-i, who 
 died January 3, 1871, leaving him one boy. Novem- 
 ber 30, 1871. he was married to his present wife, 
 Fredericka, daughter of John and Catherine (Selpen) 
 t-chrader, and at once moved to Berlin. Herchildren, 
 two boys and two girls, are all living. By occupation, 
 Mr. Grelzler is a farmer, and one of the owners of the 
 saw-mill of Gretzler & Charter. 
 
 CAPTAIN JAMES HALEY was born in Chau- 
 tauqia county, N. Y., November 15, 1830, and when 
 17 years old began as a sailor on the lakes, in which 
 occupation as boy and man he continued until the 
 fall of 1877, when he retired to farm life in Berlin 
 township. He came to Berlin in the fall of 1843 with 
 his parents, Patrick and Sarah (Gear) Haley, both of 
 whom are deceased. June 30, 1853, in Detroit, he was 
 married to Selena, daughter of Aaron and Dinah 
 (Pierce) Crook. Of their children, one boy and three 
 eirls are living, and one boy and one girl dead. 
 
 DUNCAN R. HENRY, an old-time Jackson 
 Democrat, by occupation a carriage trimmer, and liv- 
 ing with his son-in law, Benjamin Guire, was born in 
 >"ewYork City, August 8, 1809, his parents being 
 Captain Charles and Elizabeth (Robertson) Henry. In 
 1840 he moved to Ohio, and in Wooster, Wayne county, 
 on December 38, 1846, married Mary Ann, daughter 
 of Francis and Catherine (Christmas) Stusson. Of 
 her children six girls and two boys are living and one 
 boy has died. 
 
 ELNATHAN HOLMES, who enlisted as a pri- 
 vate in the one hundred days' service, being mustered 
 May 3, 1864, with Co. I, 130th Ohio National Guards, 
 and discharged September 33, 1864, was born in W;ish- 
 inglon township, Lucas county, O., October 13, 1834, 
 his parents being John and Elizibelh (Strauss) Holmes. 
 October 12, 18.55, he married Angelice, daughter of 
 Palmer and Lucy (Robbins) Wcscott, who is the 
 mother of three children: Charles Frank, born Novem- 
 ber 4, 1856; Cora Adell, January 35, 1861; Hattie 
 
 Myrtle, January 31, 1871. By occupation he is a 
 farmer and carpenter. 
 
 JOHN VOLNEY HOLMES, a South Rockwood 
 farmer, son of William and Eva Jane (Wiggins) 
 Holmes, was born in Riga. Lenawee countv. Mich., 
 Sei tember 18, 1850. At Whiteford, December 31, 
 1865, he was marritd to Nellie, daughter of George and 
 Harriet (Blackman) Clark. His only child, Myrtle H., 
 was born January 35, 1875. 
 
 ADOLPH JARVIS came to Detroit in 1848 with 
 his parents, Joseph and Sophia (La Moire) Jarvis, and 
 in the following year removed to Berlin township. He 
 was born in Montreal, Quebec, September 36, 1841, 
 and March 17, 1867, married Margaret, daughter of 
 John and Marienne (Beaumier) Trombley. Of his 
 family, four boys and four girls, the former all died in 
 early infancy ; "the latter, Susan, Matilda, Anna and 
 Louisa, are living with their p.irents in Newport. 
 
 RAPHAEL JARVIS, belter known as ".Tames" 
 Jarvis, is the son of Joseph and Sophia (La Moire) 
 Jarvis, and was born in Montreal. Quebec, March 8, 
 1839. He came to Detroit in 1848, and after remaining 
 there about a year moved to Berlin. January 37, 
 186 i, he married Mary, daughter of John and Marienne 
 (Beaumier) Trombley. Their children are : Frank, 
 horn June 3, 1863; John Albert, February 14, 1866; 
 Esther Mary, May 27, 1868: Matilda Mary, January 26, 
 1870: William, November 20, 1873; Mary Anna, 
 August 33, 1874; Marv Alice, September 37, 1877; Mary 
 Celena, October 23, 1879; and Charlie D., April 13, 1883. 
 
 MRS. MARY ANN JONES, widow of Frank- 
 lin H. Jones (deceased September 13, 1881 , to whom 
 she was married February 18, 1864, was born in New 
 Orleans October 6, 1839, daughter of Stephen and 
 Anna Dusseau. She came to Monroe county in 1854, 
 and is the mother of six girls and three boys, all of 
 whom are living under the home roof of their child- 
 hood. 
 
 ELI LAMARANI), son of Joseph and Sarah 
 (Reume) Lamarand, was born in Berlin, Monroe 
 county, Mich., Feliruary 16, 1842. January 4, 1864, 
 while in Detroit, he enlisted in Co. E, 17th Mich. Vol. 
 Inf., and with them participated in the several engage- 
 ments they were in until the battle of Spotsylvania C. 
 H., when he was cap'ured and sent to Andersonville. 
 After passing six montlis in that ••hell," he was sent 
 to Florence, thence to Goldsboro, N. C, where in the 
 latter part of February, 1865, he was exchanged after 
 being '■ penned " for about ten months. After a thirty 
 days' furlough he rejoined his regiment and remained 
 with them until they were mustered out of service 
 August 4, 1865. Is a member of Monroe Post, No. 
 76, G. A. R. By occupation a farmer. 
 
 CHESTER LAMB was born in Penn Yan, Y.ates 
 county, N. Y., October 11, 1829. his parents being 
 Jonathan and Sarah (Sweetsville) Lamb. In Septem- 
 ber, 1853, he married Helen, daughter of William and 
 Rachel (Degraw) Wycoff, and the following month 
 became a resident of Ash township, in which beheld 
 the office of highway commissioner for six years, 
 also duplicating the s^me on his removal to Berlin 
 township ; lor four years he was deputy sheriff of the 
 county. He was raised in Hiram Lodge, No. 110, at 
 Flat Rock, July 11, 1803, and still holds membership 
 there. His children, two boys and a like number of 
 girls, are all living. 
 
 MRS. JANE LOVERIDGE, the widow of Jay 
 Loveridgo (deceased August 8, 1887), to whom she was 
 married March 17, 1854, is the daughter of Mahlon and 
 Frances (Swallow) Reading. She was born in Water- 
 loo, Seneca county, N. Y., August 27, 1S33, and came 
 to Monroe county with her parents in 1835. Her 
 children, Ollie M., born June 8, 1858; Jennie H. , 
 December 8, 1863; Eddie M., October 11, 1864, are all 
 living and married well. Mary F., born June 11, 
 1868, died November 13, 1873; and .adopted Florence 
 M., born September 19, 1873. 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 II 
 
 JOHN NEIDERMEIR came tn Monroe county in 
 July, ISoJ, Willi his parciitg, Kredorick and Caroline 
 (Bnnaz) Neidcmicii-. A native of LicbiedieboUl, 
 l'ru<sia, he was born December 2. 18.51. May 8. 1878, 
 liH married Clara, daughter of Dunran R. and Marian 
 (Hasson) Henry, and Is now the father of three boys : 
 Chailes F., Frederick and Howard S., the oldest being 
 in his eleventh year. F<ir many years be was engaged 
 ill farming, spending his spare lime in reading law, 
 and under the lulelageof Gouverneur Morris, was ad- 
 mitted to practice at the May terra of llie Monroe 
 county court in I8''9. 
 
 WILLIAM NKIK, born in the Province of 
 Baden, Germany, January 1, 18.53, came to New York 
 with his parents, Barnard and Margaret (Hart) Ncif, 
 in 18.55. July 4, 1873, he married Jolianna, daughter 
 of John and Amelia (McKenzie) Jackson, an.l removed 
 to Attica, Fulton county, O. In 1874 he settled in 
 Berlin, taking a farm of 120 acres near Soulli Kock- 
 ivood. His family consists of three boys and live girls. 
 
 CHARLE.S G. PETERS, son of Henry and 
 |{aohel (Cone) Peters, both deceas.'d, was born in 
 Waterloo, Seneca county, N. Y., January 21, 182"J, 
 and came to Monroe county with his parents in Octo- 
 ber, 18:?7. At Flat Koi-k^ AVayne county, July 28, 
 1.8,5.5, he was married lo Nancy J., daughter of Charles 
 and Tryphena (Palfrey) Jolly, who came to this 
 county with her parents in 1853. being born in tlie 
 sanietownship wiih Charles in 1837. Their children 
 are : Emma J., born August 7, 18.5(i; Clara E.. born 
 August 2G, 1800; Jacob H., April 17, 1863; Ida R., 
 August 20, 180.5; Charles E., February 20, 18G8; Lillic, 
 February 23, 1870; John G.. Julv 1,1.873: AUie M., 
 October 27, 1875; MyrtieL., June 7, 1878; all of whom 
 are living, Charles G.. ,Jobn G., Allic M., and Myrtie 
 L. at home, the others married and living in homes 
 of their own. Charles G. is a consistent niemi)er of 
 the Baptist church in Flat Hock, and by occupation a 
 stock-raiser and farmer. 
 
 GEORGE AV. PETERS, born in Berlin town- 
 shif , October 31, 18.50, is the son of Henry and Rachel 
 (Cone) Peters. April 7, 1875, he married Josephine 
 E., daughter of William and Harriet (Butler) Losee. 
 His children are: Alice I., born August 24. 1877; 
 Allen W., May 31. 1880; and Mabel May, born August 
 31, 1884. 
 
 HARRIET E. PETERS, daughter of Lewis and 
 Hannah (Lamb) Northrop, w.as born in ?^lat Rock, 
 Wayne county, Mich., Deceml)er 14, 1842, and was 
 the elder of two sisters, the other, Mary, being born in 
 June, 1840. Her husband. Robert R. Peters, was born 
 April 14, 1834. in Waterloo, Senecacounty, N. Y., and 
 came to Monroe county wiih his parents, Henry and 
 Rachel (Cone) Peters, in 1838. They were married in 
 Monroe August 20, 1858. and at once went on the 
 farm on which thev now live. He is a member of 
 Wallace Post, No. 9.5, G. A. R., at Flat Rock, having 
 enlisted August 4, 1802, in Co. K, 24th Mich. Vol. 
 Inf.,from which he was honorably discharged June 26, 
 180.5. Their children are: Mary E , born March 13, 
 1860, married Wm. E. Wilton October 11, 1870; Ellen 
 J., born September .30, 1861, married J. Henry Green 
 March 17. 1880; Annie M., born June 1, 1807, ni:irried 
 John E. French September 1-5, 1885; George R. , born 
 March 20, 1872; and Frederick J., born Fi binary 23, 
 1879, died August 19, 1879. 
 
 DANIEL PLUFF, son of Frank and Mary (Ver- 
 met) Plulf, was born .\pril 11. 18.57, in Mongnagon 
 township, Wayne county, Mich. June 30, 1885, he 
 married losephine, daughter of Urbin and Louisa 
 (Coreau) Petit. Gertrude, born February 15, 1887, is 
 their only child. 
 
 JOHN B. RAGLE, son of Antoine and Madeline 
 (Stein) Ragle, was born September 1, 1826, in the 
 village of Hilliim, province of Lorraine, France. He 
 was in a Lance regiment of cavalry in tbe regular 
 
 French army for seven years. ser\'ing under Louis 
 Phillippe, the Republic, and Emperor Napoleon HI. 
 On his arrival in America, March 7. 1854, he came to 
 Monroe, and the following April married Adele, 
 daughter of Jo.seph an<l Frances (Chaliel) Slein, who 
 had settled in Lagalle in 1831. After living in Li-Salle 
 for nine years he returned to Monroe, where he lived 
 till 1879, when he moved to Berlin. Of his children 
 one boy and one girl have died, and four girls and one 
 boy are living. 
 
 ELIAS SAUTURE, son of Eli and Margaret 
 (Rowe) Sauture. was born in Newport. January 28, 
 1855. Married Mary, daughter of Louis and Eliza- 
 beth (Nadeau) Cmear, January 21, 1883. Their family 
 consists of three boys: Isaac^ born November 9, 1884; 
 Louis, September 1, 1886; and Columbus Leo, August 
 11, 1888. 
 
 REV. ADAM A. SCHEURER, born in Amherst, 
 Erie county, N. Y.. January 24, 1850, is the son of 
 John A. and Ciroline (Michel) Scheurer, and came to 
 Monroe county at the age of sixteen^ settling in La 
 Salic in March. 1866. Six years later he married 
 Louisa M., daughter of Theobold and Rosina (Schenke) 
 Scheurer, by whom he has had two children, a boy 
 and a girl, both of whom are now living. At Michi- 
 gan conference in se.-sion at More Park, St. Joe 
 county, Mich., in April, 1879. he was admitted to the 
 minibtry in the Evangelical church. He is the pastor 
 of the congregation of that denomination in Ida. 
 
 CHARLES LOUIS TROMBLEY is the son of 
 John and Marie (Beaumie) Trombley, and was born in 
 Newport, Maich 9, 1800. His father was born in 
 Quebic, January 1, 1803, and died in April, 1877. He 
 is living uilh his mother on his farm near Newport, 
 engaged in school teaching and literary work, holding 
 the offices of notary public and school inspector. 
 
 GARRETT VREELAND, grandson and name- 
 sike of the pioneer settler of Flat Rock, is the son of 
 Louis and Laura (Norton) Vrecland, and born March 
 2, 18.58. A farm of 118 acres on the south side of the 
 Huron River locates the office of the " Squire," he 
 having been elected justice of the peace in and for 
 Berlin township in 1886. He was married to Cath- 
 erine, daughter of Frank and Sarah (.Vllen) Allen, Sep- 
 tember 29, 1880, and is the father of Gracie, born 
 May 27, 1886. 
 
 DUNDEE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 JOHN S. BABCOCK, of Dundee village, was born 
 in Ball), Steuben county, N. Y., June 30. 1813. In 
 1H;!6 he came to Dundee. He was a blacksmith by 
 trade, and for ncaily fiftj' years followed thai busi- 
 ness in Dundee. He was married in 18:1.5 to Jane H. 
 Fleming. They had three children: Albert H.. born 
 June 4, 18:^6, now living in Gagecounty, Neb.; Laura, 
 born in 1842, the wife of George McBridc; and 
 George, born December 28, 1847. Albert H. was 
 captain of Co. E, 18ili Mich. Vol. Inf. He enlisted in 
 1802 as fir>t lieutenant, and mustered out at the end of 
 the war as captain. 
 
 PHILARMON BREWER, farmer, was born in 
 Bridgewater. Mich., January 20, 1840, where he re- 
 sided until his eighth year, when he came to Dundee. 
 He married Sarah Rankin September 20, 1808, who 
 was born in New York Slate, Seplenilxr 19, 1846. 
 They have had three children; Arthur E, born Jao 
 uary 4. 1870; Warnn J., born February 20, 1877; and 
 Vesta L., born April 29, 1m79. He enlisted in Co. F, 26th 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., August 7, 1h(;2, and was mustered out 
 June 13, 1805. He is a member of William Bell Post, 
 No. 10, G. A. R. 
 
 MILTON O. CADY, proprietor of the Cady House, 
 Dundee, was born at Dundee, December 12. 1843, 
 where he continued to reside until his twenty-fourth 
 year, when he moved to Detroit. For the following 
 
12 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 eighteen years he engaged in the paper business. He 
 removed to Dundee in 1886, and opened the hotel of 
 which he is now proprietor. He was married October 
 4, 1883, to Eleanor C. Beiinett, of Detroit, who was 
 boru at Walertown, N. Y., March 30 1819. 
 
 REUBEN CHAPMAN, who died June 26, issa. was 
 born in Conneclicut, .July 13. 1800. He eame to Mon- 
 roe counly in 1850. October 21. 1884. he married Polly 
 Merrj'field, who was born in New York State, Novem- 
 ber IS, 1814. They have eight children: Mary E., 
 born September is, 183.5; Ervailt, born January 23, 
 18:i7; Ward M.. born September 11, 1K39: Reuben E , 
 born July 10. 1842; Mais'hall R., boru September 19, 
 1844; Warren W., born September 29, 1848. Mrs. 
 Chapman is now the wife ot James Philips, whom she 
 nuu-ried June 20, 1886. 
 
 PIIEBE L. DUNLAP, the wife of Henry Duulap, 
 whom she married Aprd 4, 1860, was born in 
 in Dundee, May 16,1837. She is a dau.silitT of Jus- 
 tus Treniain. Iheir children are: Sarah V., born 
 August 2, 1861, wife of Charles Meade; Einest C, born 
 October 23, 186.5. died June 25, 1870; Alice B., born 
 September o, 1867; Justus A., born September 7, 1869: 
 Myrtie E., born December 22, 1870, died Feb. 22, 
 1888; and William E., born June 23, 1873 Mr.«. Dun- 
 lap is a member of the Presbyterian Church at Peters- 
 burg. 
 
 R. T. DUTTON. who died December, 1876, was 
 a farmer of Dundee township from 1840 until his 
 death. He was born in Casriovia township. Ontario 
 county, N. Y., February 22. 1810, and settled in Mon- 
 roe county in 1840. His wife survives him, and her 
 maiden name was Mary A. Van Fliet. She w;is born 
 January 23, 1823. She was first married to Phillip L. 
 Miller, an early sttiler in Monroe county in 1814, who 
 died April, 1852. She married Mr. Du'tton February 
 28, 1874. Five children were bnrn to her by lier first 
 marriage as follows: Luman Van Miller, born Sep- 
 tember 6, 1842, died in 1863, while a member of Co. 
 H, lHh Mich. Kegt; Luther D., born July 17, 1844 ; 
 Jane E , wife of Homer Leach, born September 27, 
 1847; Mary, wife of Alfied Wilson, born June 2, 
 1850; Lewis P., born December 11, 1852, died April 
 28, 1883. Luther D. was a member ot the 15lh Regt. 
 Mich. Inf. during the rebellion, Mrs. Duttou's post- 
 ofiice address is Dundee, Mich. 
 
 VALORUS D. FORD was born in Greene county 
 N. Y., January 29, 1809. At five years of age he re- 
 moved with his parents to Otsego Co., N. Y^.,wbere he 
 remained until his twenty-first year, when he came to 
 Buffalo and remained there seven years. He is a pal- 
 tern maker and millwright by trade, and during his 
 early yeais assisted in tne erection of manj^ mills in 
 New York State and Micliigan. He settled in Dundee 
 in 1841, and with the exception ot five years has re- 
 sided in that village. He was married in 1840 to Eliza 
 Bell, who was born in the north of Ireland. Seven 
 children (but four are living) have been born to them. 
 Their names are: Franklin F., Aljner Dan., Robert B,, 
 and Corydon L. Ford. The three first named are 
 journalists. The oldest son, Franklin, was the editor 
 of Bradstreet' s (newspaper) for the seven years ending 
 January 1, 1887. Mr. Ford's wife is a member of the 
 M. E. Church of Dundee. 
 
 FRANCIS W. FOX. farmer, was born in New 
 Y'ork State, October 1, 1839, and came to Dundee in 
 1806. For one year he ran a Hour mill, afterwards for 
 two years he was in the mercantile business. In 1870 
 he settled on his present farm. He married January 
 19, 1864, Jennie Barber, who was born in New York 
 State November 13, 1838. Tliev have had three chil- 
 dren; Mary J., born December 31, 1864, wife of E. H. 
 Palmer; Rowland, born July 4. 1866; and Royer R., 
 born September 24, 1879. Mr. Fox enlisted as private 
 April, 1861, in Co. E, 3cd Kegt. N. Y'. Vol. Inf , and 
 was mustered out June 6, 1863, as sergeant. 
 
 AUGUSTUS GLEAN, furniture dealer of Dundee, 
 was born in New Y'ork State, June 23, 1821. He came 
 to Monroe county in 1853, settling in Dundee, where 
 he has since continued to reside. He is a cabinet- 
 maker by trade. He enlisted August, 1861, in Co. D, 
 7lh Mich. Inf., and served with that regiment during 
 its enliie enlistment, being mustered out in 1865, and 
 participating in nearly all the memorable battles of 
 the Rebellion. He was wounded twice : first at 
 Ream's Station, in August. 1864, and again at Cold 
 Harbor. He is a member of William Bell Post, No. 10. 
 He married in July, 1885, Ellen Wheeler, who was 
 born in Ntxv Y'ork State March 7, 1843. 
 
 ABNER HAINES, farmer, was born at Lodi, Sum- 
 ner county, N. Y., October 25, 1813. In 1835 became 
 to Ridgeway, Lena" ee county, Mich., where he re- 
 sided until 1844, when he came to Dundee. He mar- 
 ried Minerva Coryell January 4, 1838. who was born 
 in Seneca counly, N. Y'., February 15, 1816. They 
 have had seven children, of whom six are now living: 
 Elizabeth, the wife of Norman Curtis, of Kansas ; 
 Otcar D. ; Augusta C, wife ot George Kent, of Kansas; 
 A. J. ; Herman O. and George. 
 
 FRANK HELI.STERN, marble and granite cutter, 
 was born in Gei many, April 24,1853, and came to 
 America in 1869 and settled in Jack.son county. In 
 1880 he came to Dundee, and in connection with Con- 
 rad Brendle opened the marble and stone works of 
 Brendle & Hel stern. His wife's maiden name was 
 Mary Poeger. They have two children, both girls. 
 
 GEORGE W. HURD, druggist, was born in New 
 York Slate May 31, 1838. During the same year his 
 parents removed to the State of Michigan, settling in 
 the township of Y'^oik. where they remained for twelve 
 years and then settled in Monroe county. Mr. Hurd 
 settled in Dundee in 1866, and has since been engaged 
 in the drug trade. He married Lucy Chittenden, of 
 Monroe county, November 16. 1865. She was born in 
 this county January 12, 1843. They have had but 
 one child, Leo Augusta. Mr. Hurd enlisted in the 
 18th Rt'gt. Mich. Vol Inf August, 1863, and served 
 with that regiment during iis memorable service until 
 it was musrered out in July, 1865. He entered the 
 service as private and was mustered out as lieutenant. 
 
 JAMES KENY'ON, dry goods and general merchan- 
 dise dealer, was born in New Y'ork City April 31, 
 1817, where he lived until his fourteenth year. In 
 1837 he came to Monroe City, where be was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits until 1867, when he came to 
 Dundee. He was married in 1838 to Anna Scrauton, 
 who died in 1839, leaving one child, Margaret, the 
 wife of Kenny Reynolds. Mr. Keuyon's present wife's 
 maiden name was Eliza C. Griffin, to whom he was 
 married in 1841. Eight children have been born to 
 them, four of whom are novr living. Mr, Kenyon is 
 a Republican in politics, and a member of the M. E. 
 church. 
 
 MARTIN KNOWLES, formerly a farmer of Dun- 
 dee township, died December 5, 1883. He was born 
 in Ireland July 13, 1820. He came to America in 
 1840. and settled in Lenawee county, Mich., where he 
 remained two years, then came to Dundee township. 
 He married October 6, 1844, Martha A. Vauderventer, 
 who was born in Lockport, N. Y'., April 3, 1827. 
 They had nine children ; James P., born November 4, 
 1845, Michael T.. horn August 27, 1847; John H., 
 born January 6, 1850; Mary, born July 17, 1854, wife 
 of Austin Dexter; Amy E , born October 36, 1857, wife 
 of S. Huutler; Martha, born October 4, 1860; George 
 B., born December 25, 1862; Daniel, born June 16, 
 1865; Frank, born April 3, 1867. 
 
 JOACHIM F. KOEPCKE, farmer, was born in Ger- 
 many, November 15, 1850. He came to America in 
 1874. and settled in Monroe City. He moved on his 
 present farm in 1878. He was married to Louise 
 Kruger, April 30, 1878, who was born in Monroe 
 
PERSONAI, HISTORIES. 
 
 1,3 
 
 county November .■), If'fiO. Their children nre: August. 
 born March 23, ISTII; Frederick, born September S, 
 1880; William, born Febninry 4, ISJ^S, and Theodore, 
 born February 14, 1SS4. Mr Koepcke served three 
 years in the German army PostofBce address, Rea. 
 
 EBENEZKH LOCKWOOI), who died September S, 
 ISSl, was one of the esrliesi settlers in Dundee. He 
 was born in Xew York Stale, March 21, ISOT, and 
 came to Monroe county in \f<'-iO. He married Eliza 
 Ratbburn. who still residis in Dundee, June 20, 182S, 
 Five ciiildren. of whom but three are now living, 
 were born to them : Charlotte, now the wife of Fran- 
 cis Smith ; Eliza, wife of Mr. Slayton; and Ebenezer, 
 Their oldest son, Genrtje. was killed in the War of the 
 Rebellion, while their oilier son was burned to death 
 on a lioat at Saginaw. Mr. Lockwood was a respected 
 citizen of Dundee, and a member of the M. E. church. 
 
 C. F. E. LONG, lumber merchant, was born in New 
 York Stale, March 7. IS2T. He came from Lenawee 
 county. Mich., to Dundee in 1S.")4, and for many years 
 has conducted a .saw mill furnishing employment to 
 seven men. December 31, 18.")li, he married Elizabeth 
 P. Rawson, daughter of C. F. W. Rawson. of Dundee. 
 Two children, Cora and Dela, have been the issue of 
 this marriage. Mr. Long is a Republican in politics, 
 and at present is assessor of Dundee. He has held the 
 office of supervisor, and has been trustee of Dundee 
 village. 
 
 JOSHUA MANNING, who died December l.V 1882, 
 was for many years engaged in farming in Dundee 
 township. He was born in Alberg Spring, N. Y., 
 April 10. isl!). and settled iu Monroe county in 1844, 
 He married Ruth A. Potter, September !l, 1842. Mrs. 
 Manning was born in Rutland, Vt., February 18, 1822. 
 They had five children: Porter, born June 12, 1843, 
 died Miirch 18. 184!); a girl, born August 28, 184!), who 
 died in infancy; Jennie, born April 28, 1K")3, wife of 
 Marcus U. Cheesbrough; Millard, born June 12, ix'il, 
 and Bert, born March 13, ISOI. 
 
 FRANCIS H. MILLER, farmer, was born in New 
 Y'ork Slate, March l-"), 1843, He came with his father, 
 Benjamin Miller, to Monroe county, in 1H.52. He mar- 
 ried January 1, 1867, Mary A. H'jath, who was born 
 in Dundee, March 14, is.">2. They have had four chil- 
 dren: Charles II., bom July •">, 1869; Eugene, born 
 Jan. 11, Ir^Tl. died the same ye;ir; Dora Jl., born De 
 cember 13, 1^73; and Grace A., born July 21, l.s77. He 
 enlisted as private in the l.)th Mich. Vol. Inf. March 
 21, 1864, and was mustered out at Little Rock, Ark., 
 August 13, 186.'). He is a. member of William Bell 
 Post, No. 10, G. A. R. 
 
 HENRY MILLER, a farmer of Dundee township, 
 was born in Cana,joharie, Montgomery county, N. 
 Y., July 2'), 1821. He settled in Dundee, Monroe 
 county, in ls43. His wife, Mary H. Shoemaker, was 
 born in Montgomery county, N. Y., Nov. 2^!, isiy. 
 Their children are: Homer, born October 21, 1X44; Isa- 
 dora A., wife of Edward L. Moore, born July 29, 
 1847; Clark N., born October 4, 184!l; Lucinda, wife 
 of Madison Goodrich, born October ll,ls.j2; Eugene 
 H., born February 24, 18.57; Harriet B., witeof Stephen 
 Moore, born February .5, is(i9. Mr. Miller was form- 
 erly a Republican in political faith, but of late years 
 has supported the Prohibition cause. 
 
 HOMER MILLER, farmer, of Dundee township, 
 was born in Dundee, October 21, 1x44, and has lived 
 in this township ever since. He was married to Emma 
 Hoaglaud, who was born in Macon, Lenawee county, 
 Mich., October 10, 184.->, married October 10, I««7. 
 Their children are: Clara B, born February 2.5, 1872, 
 and Roy M., born November 2!t, 1877. .Mr. Miller ia a 
 veteran of the late war. having enlisted in Co. II, 18th 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., August, 1862, and served with that 
 regiment until it wa.s mustered out in Julj'. 186-">. Post- 
 office address: Kea. Michigan. 
 
 MILES MOORE, who died Ociobcr 6, 1880, settled 
 on a farm in Dundee township, about two miles west of 
 the vdlagc of Dundee, when twenty-tbn e years old. He 
 WHS boin in the Stale of New Hampshire, February 14, 
 1823. At the age of eight years he removed with his 
 parents to Rsiisinville township, Monroe county. He 
 remained on his farm in Dundee until his death. A 
 cooper by trade, he worked at coopering until he be- 
 came a farmer. He was married twice: First, Decem- 
 ber 2.'), 184.'>, to Jane L. Lawrence, who died March 
 23, 18.")4. Three children were born to thein, of whom 
 Edward L., born November 21, 184ii, is ihe only sur- 
 vivor. His second marr age, to Jane E. Kent, daugh- 
 ter of Enos Kent, a settler in Monroe county in 1830, 
 took place September 14, 18.-)4. Mrs. ]Moore still re- 
 sides in Dundee. Their children are: Charles H.. 
 born February 28, ls.-)S; Stephen, born September 19, 
 18.57; Eugene iM., born August 10, ISTl. Mr. Moore 
 was an active spirit in all that pertained to the pros- 
 perity of Dundee. He was a strong tempeiance man 
 and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 EDMUND C. MUXGER, of Dundee, a soldier in 
 the late civil wnr. was born in Dundee December 20, 
 1834. His father, Elizar D. .Munser. was born in 
 Litchfield county. Conn.. Dec. 29, I8i)6. His parents 
 came to Michigan in 1833, settled in Dundee, where his 
 father died Dec. 22, 1884. His mother's maiden name 
 was Mary P. Simonds, and is still living in Dundee 
 township. Edmund C. was the third child in a family 
 of eight children. He enlisted in the 7th Regr. of 
 Mich. Inf., Co. D, August 10, 1861, and was mustered 
 out of service September 22. 1864. He participated 
 in the battles of Ball's Bluff, Y'orktown. West Point, 
 Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Fredericksburg, Gettys- 
 burgh, Robertson Tavern and Wilderness. On the 
 second day's fighting »t the battle of the Wilderness, 
 he was wounded in the elbow, from the effects of 
 which wound his arm has since been amputated. He 
 was taken pri.^oner July. 1863, and held until pardon- 
 ed, August 29, 1863. Mr. Munger was married May 
 2-5, 1863, to Sarah Gee, daughter of Franklin Gee. an 
 early settler in Dundee. Their children are: Franklin 
 E. ,boin February 13, 1866; Harriet F., born September 
 1.5. 1867; Hellcn "C.born August 30, 1869, and Mary E , 
 born in Kansas October 4. 1874. In 1871 Mr. Munger, 
 with his family, removed to Newton. Harvey county, 
 Kansas, where he remained over seven years, and was 
 among the first settlers of that section. With this ex- 
 ception he has continuously resided in Dundee. He is 
 a member of th-; M. E. Church. 
 
 ELMON J. NEIMAN, farmer, of Dundee town- 
 ship, was born in Germany. October 11, 1833. He 
 came to America in 18.53, and settled upon the farm 
 upon which he now resides. He married February 
 17. 1860. Orhena Meyer, who was born in Germany 
 January 16, 1839. Their children arc: John F., born 
 December 14, 1S60; Clara E.. born July 17. 1862, wife 
 of Louis .\lbrigbt; Albert L., born March 17.1870, 
 and Victor C, born April 7. 1884. Mr. Neiman is a 
 member of the German Lutheran Church of Dundee. 
 
 JOACHIM NEEMAN, farmer, of Dundee township, 
 was born in Germany January 14. 1826; came to 
 America iu 18-53, and settled in Dundee township. He 
 was married to Sophia Bunkleman April 22, 185;!, who 
 was born in Germany Miiy 4, 1828. They had nine 
 children, only two of whom are living: Mary, wife 
 of Charles Kabush, born December 20, 1863, and 
 Bernhard, born October 24, 1872. Mr. Nieman is a 
 member of the (Jerman Luth<>ran Church. Postoflice 
 address, Dundee. 
 
 JOSHUA PARKER, one of the earliest settlers in 
 Dundee township, was born in Wallingford. Conn., 
 in 1770. He settled in Raisinville. now Dundee town- 
 ship, in 1826. He had five claughters and two sons. 
 His daughters, Mrs. Eva Potter and Mr.s. Nancy 
 Snaulding, the former of Dundee village, the latter of 
 Lake county, Ind., arc the only survivors. Mrs. 
 
14 
 
 HISTORY OT- MONKOK COUNTY, MICMlGAlV. 
 
 Potter was born June 10, 1815. In 1885 she married 
 Lyman Plank, who died in 1838; a daughter and a 
 sou were horn to Ihem as follows: BttscyA., wife 
 of E. P. Hunt, of California, and Lyman, of Deer- 
 field, Mich. In 1865 she married Alfred Potter who 
 was born in Rutland, Vt., in 1811. He died iu'l869. 
 He come to. Dundee in 1837. Mrs. Potter's father 
 died in 1853. 
 
 FRANKLIN P. PEARCE, farmer, of Dundee town- 
 ship, was born in Dundee February 3. 183(i, on the 
 farm where his father settled in 1834. He married 
 November 12, 1859, Eliza C. Munger. Their children 
 are: Clara E., born November 21, 1861, wifeof Albert 
 M. Cassidy;Susan Mary, born September 3, lS64;Albert 
 F., born October 5, 1867, and Jolin T., born December 
 28, 1870. Posloffice address, Dundee, Mich. 
 
 CHARLES F. W. RaWSON, boot and shoe mer- 
 <hant of Dundee, was born in New York State, May 
 17, 1813 In 1833 he settled in Monroe county. During 
 his early manhood he engaged in farming,' and is a 
 blacksmi h by trade, but for the last thirty years has 
 bet-n in meicantile business. He is a Republican in 
 politics, and for several years has been supervisor and 
 lown-ship clerk of Bedford. For sixteen years he was 
 postmaskT at Dundee. Mr. Rawson was married 
 March 13, 1837, to Mary Ann May, who was born in 
 England December 7. 1820. They havehad six children, 
 four of whom aie now living. 
 
 WILLIAM A. REA, farmer, of Dundee township, 
 WRS born in Hunterdon county, N. J., December s' 
 1836. When twenty-nine years old he came to Schuy- 
 ler county, N. Y., and remained there three years. lie 
 afterwards resided in Jackson one year, and Lenawee 
 six years. In 1875 he settled on his present farm. 
 Rea postoflice, in Dundee township, was named after 
 Mr. Rea, He married R'^becca Mvers, of Hunterdon 
 N. J., December 11, 18.58. Postnffice address: Rea! 
 Mich. 
 
 FREDERICK SCHULTZ, farmer, of Dundee town- 
 ship, was born in Germany, September 3, 1842 He 
 came to America in 1807, and after one year's resi- 
 dence in New York Stale settled on his present farm. 
 He was married to Christina Brock man, who was also 
 born in Germany, in March, 1867. Their children are: 
 Henry, William, Charles, Emma, Herman and Al- 
 bert. Postoffice address, Dundee. 
 
 JOHN F. SLAYTON, drover and cattle buyer, of 
 Dundee, was born in Dundee, January 4, 1845. He 
 early in life became a butcher and shipper of stock. 
 He was married to Harriet Poeston, January 1, 1869. 
 Two children, Ada, born December 4, 1870, aud Eu- 
 gene Franulin, born July 32, 1880, have been Ihe i-sue 
 of this marriage. Mrs. Slaylon was born in Oswego 
 county, N. Y., February 10, 1851, but since four years 
 of age has resided in Dundee. Mr. Slayton embarked 
 in the dry goods businef-s in 1861, and two years later 
 opened a butcher shop. He sold out both concerns to 
 C, L. Luce in 1884. For the last twenty ye.irs he ha§ 
 been largely engaged in shipping cattle. 
 
 JOHN E. SMITH, farmer, of Dundee township, 
 was born in Wayne county, N. Y. , June 27, 1840. At 
 the age of twelve years he came to Calhoun county. 
 Mich. He settled in Dundee in 1865. He enlisted 
 during the Rebellion in Co I of the 20lh Regt. of 
 Mich. Inf., August 11, 1862, as corporal, and was 
 mustered out of service May 30, 1865. He was wounded 
 in the thigh at the battle of Spottsylvania Court 
 House, and served with Dhe regiment during all the 
 engagements in which it participated. He is a mem- 
 ber of William Bell Post, No. 10, G. A. R. He was 
 married to Agnes L Hnggett in 186.5. One child 
 Mary E., born Aug. 23. 1866, has been the issue of (his 
 marriage. His postoffice address is Dundee. 
 
 JOSEPH D. SMITH, farmer, of Dundee township, 
 son of Thomas B. aud Sarah B. (Avery) Smith, was 
 boru in Monroe county, December 9, 1861. His father 
 
 was born in England in 1823 and came to America in 
 1831, and settled with his parents in Huron county. In 
 1859 he settled in Monroe county, and died in Wood 
 counly in 1869. In his father's family there were 
 ihee children, of whom Joseph D. is the only sur- 
 vivor. His father was a farmer for many years, but 
 during the latter years of his life was engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits. Joseph D. was married January is 
 1882, to Ida L. Dean. One child, Eva Pearl, borii 
 June 15, 1886, has been the is ue of this marriage. 
 Mr. Smith is a member of the Jlasonio lodge of Dun- 
 dee. Postoffice address: Rea, Mich. 
 
 LUCIEN B. SMITH, boot and shoe merchant, of 
 Dundee, was born in Lenawee county, Mich., Febru- 
 ary 23, 1843 He settled in Dundee in 1873. He was 
 mairied to Mattie Drusmor^, of Adrian, April 15 1867 
 They have but one child, Florence Bell, born April 9 
 1868. Mr. Smith enlisted in Co. F, 4th Mich. Cav.! 
 August 4, 1863, at Adrian, and was mustered out of 
 service, July 7, 1865. at Nashville. He participated in 
 the battles of Stone River, Chattanooga, Chickamauga 
 and all the battles in which his regiment took part 
 He IS a member of William Bell Post. No. 10, G. A. R. 
 He has held several township offices, such as treasurer, 
 superintendent of schools and president of the village' 
 For ten years he tiiught school. His postoffice address 
 is Dundee. 
 
 DANIEL W. SPALDING, farmer, of Dundee, was 
 born in Oneida county, N. Y., June 3, 1814, where he 
 lived until his seventeenth year, when he came to 
 Dundee and has lived there ever since. He married 
 Julia A. Jenne Oclober 22, 1840, who was born in 
 Ledyard, N. Y., October .5, 1818 They have nine 
 children, of whom four are now living: Samuel J 
 born June 26, 1843: Mary E , wife of Lysander Adee' 
 born August 5, 1845; Ada, born December 4, 1847' 
 Adelle, born June 1, 18.50, died June 30, 1872; Herman 
 N , born February 4, 18.53, died May 8, 1857; Francis 
 V,, born April 4, 1855, died April 25, 18.57; Effie born 
 April 25, 1857, wife of Clarence E. Scranton; Norton 
 H , born October 28, 1858, died November 5 1H59 
 Mr. Spalding was in the Toledo War. He is a carpen- 
 ter by trade, but during the last twenty years has been 
 engaged in farming. He is a member of the Congre- 
 gational church. 
 
 JULIUS H. SPALDING, hardware merchant of 
 Dundee, was born in Bradford county. Pa., January 
 26, 1823. He came to Monroe City in 1833, and for the fol- 
 lowing twenty years carried on" ihe hardware bu.'.iness 
 in that city. In 1853 he removed on a farm in Exeter 
 township and engaged in farming until 1873, when he 
 came to Dundee where he has since conducted a hard- 
 ware store. He enlisted in Co. K, 12th Regt., as ser. 
 geant in August, 1862, and was mustered out of service 
 in June, 1863. He was married to Mary A Daly 
 January 1, 1844. Eight < hildren have been born to 
 them, of whom two are now living. He was formerly 
 a Whig in politics, but is now a Republican. He is a 
 member of William Bell Post, No. 10, G. A. R. 
 
 JEROME B. SQUIRES, farmer, of Dundee town- 
 ship, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., December 1, 
 1827. In 1829 his parents settled in Dundee, where 
 Mr. Squires has resided ever since. He married Ruth 
 Ann Graunis of Erie county, N. Y. Their children 
 are: DeWilt. born March 2. 1857; Alonzo, born 
 August 12. 185H; Elizabeth, wife of Byron H. Dean 
 boru July 11. 1861; and Newton, born February is' 
 1864. Mr. Squires enlisted in Co. H, 18th Regt Mich, 
 Inf., September, 1864, and served until the regiment 
 was mustered out, June, 1865. He is a member of 
 William Bell Post, No. 10, G. A. R. PostoflSce 
 address, Rea, Mich. 
 
 HENRY A. STEWART, of Dundee village, was 
 born in Bath, Steuben county, N. Y., August 10, 1838. 
 In 1847 he came with his parents to Dundee, and until 
 his nineteenth year lived with Cady, who for many 
 years conducted a hotel in Dundee. He learned the 
 
PERSONAL HISTORtKS. 
 
 15 
 
 blacksmith trade .ind for five ye-'rs worked at his 
 trade. He enlisted November .V 180:J, in C.i. L, 2d 
 Mich. Cav., and was mustered out August 2S. 186.1. 
 From exposure he lo.st tlie sinlil of one eye. He is a 
 member of Willimn Bell Post, No. 10. O. A. R., and 
 Blue Lodge T4 and Ml. Vernon Chapter of the M.isonio 
 Order. He was married April 1.5. ISOO, lo Mary A. 
 Uaines. Tliey Lave had three children, alt of whom 
 have died iji infancy. Mr. Stewart was for many 
 years engaged in the grocery business, and for two 
 years was undertaker. 
 
 .I08EPU A. STOWELL, of Dundee, who died 
 March 12, is,s(;, was an old settler of Dundee. He was 
 born at Earlville, Madison county, N. Y., March .*"), 
 IHIO. Soon after his marriage to Martha Maynard, 
 August 12, 183S, he located in Monroe county, 
 remaining there about five jears. when they removed 
 to Lenawee county, where they resided some years, 
 then returned to this and Sftlled on the land known as 
 the Stowell faru), just east of Dundee village. Mr. 
 Stowell engaged at different times in milling, han- 
 dlingcaltle, shipping the same to eastern markets. He 
 was an active agent in building the Toledo and Ann 
 Arbor Railroid, and for live years was one of its 
 directors. Five children were born to them, four of 
 whom are now living, as follows: Emerv A., horn 
 May 13, 1H39; Phidelia C, wife of Erastus"Uappleye, 
 born April 18, 1841; Marinn S., wife of Theodore 
 Mead, born February 9, 1^40; Permelia G., born 
 November 20, ls.33, who died in infancy; and Sanford 
 A., born August 2.">, ISSG. Mrs. Stowell at present re- 
 sides in the village of Dundee. 
 
 LESTER M. VANDEVENTER, farmer, of Dun- 
 dee, was l,(irn in Lockport, N. Y., September 11. 1823; 
 came to Michigan in the winter of 18:i4 ■■> He settled 
 in Dundee in ls44. He married Mary A. Heath, 
 December 29, 1844. They have had three children: 
 Mdrtlia M., born February 8, IH-^O, wife of Eugene 
 Zelluff ; George W., born JIarch 13, 18.-,2: Milo ,1.. born 
 September '), I8."i4. Mr. Vandeventer is a carpenter 
 by trade, but for the last twenty years has been en- 
 gaged in farming. He has held several township 
 offices. For forty years he has been a member of the 
 Baptist church of Dundee. 
 
 LAWRENCK VAX WORMER, born in Steuben 
 county, N. Y.. January 27, 1822. and died April l."i, 
 188."), was for a number of ye irs a farmer of Dundee 
 township. He removed lo Dundee from Erie county. 
 Pa., in 1800. He was twice married. His second wife 
 was Nancy Seeley, whom he married in 1m(;4, who 
 still survives him, residing in the village of Dundee. 
 Two children were born to him: Jane Ann, the wife 
 of James Van Wormer, and Ellen, the wife of James 
 O'Brien. 
 
 REV. SAMUEL WARNER, preacher and farmer, 
 of Dundee township, was boru in Onondaga county, 
 N. Y., October 21, 1814, and lived there until his 
 twentieth year, when he came to Monroe City. In 
 1838 he settle I in Dundee township on the farm where 
 he resided until his death, which occurred in June, 
 1889. He married, in 18133, Lydia Nichols, who 
 was born in New York Stale. She died January 
 29, 18G3. Their children are: Mary J., born Februarv 
 2o, 1842, wife of Caldwell Marshall; Ellen, born De- 
 cember 2(i, 1844, died November 29. 18.")(i; Eugene and 
 Jeannetle, born February 19, 18.'j3; f?ebecca, born No- 
 vember li, 18.')(), died June 1. 18.")T. Mr. Warner's 
 second wife is Catherine Choate, whom he married 
 May 4, 18ti;j. she was born in Ovid, N. Y., in 1821. 
 Mr. Warner was a local preacher in the M. E church 
 twenty six years, and three years before his death was 
 ordained a minister of the Congregational church, 
 making a total service for the Lord of tweuty-nine 
 years, most of the lime in active service in Dundee. 
 
 WALTER WELLS, who died April 3, 1879, was for 
 many years a farmer in Dundee township. He wa.s 
 born in New York Slate. April 3, 1797, and settled in 
 
 Monroe county in 184.5. He was marri(d lo Cynlhia 
 Farlin, February 1.5, 183.5, who still survives hini. But 
 one child was born to Ihem. who died in infancy. 
 Mrs. Wells's posloffice address is Dundee. 
 
 NELSON WHITE, farmer, and one of the oldest 
 residents of Ihe township of Dundee, was born in Au- 
 rora, N. Y., February 1.5, 1807, where he remained 
 until 1832, when he '.'■etiled in Dundee. He married 
 Jennie Jenne. Februnry 14. 1838, who was born in 
 Aurora, N. Y., November 8. 1810. Ten children, of 
 whom seven are now living, were born lo them: 
 Parsis, wife of Harvey Shaw; Mary, wife of Amos 
 Goodenlicrgpr; Horace; Friend E.; Emily, wife of 
 Henry Rowley; Delia, wife of David Sellers. In early 
 life Mr. White was Cnptuin of a boat on Ihe Erie Canal. 
 He also served as lieutenant in the Toledo War. 
 
 DAVID G. WILSON, druggist, of Dundee, wa* 
 born at Ovid, N, Y., .March 9, 1842. He settjpd in 
 Dundee in 180.5. He was married October 4. 1872, lo 
 Caroline White, of Dundee, who died July 9. 1875. 
 Their children were Grace, born April 9, 1874. and 
 Bertha, born June 30, 1875 He married Millie Piues, 
 of Haisinville, October 20, 1878, who died Novi mber 
 9, 1879. His third wife was Ada McChesney, of Ge- 
 neva, N. Y., whom he married July 20. 188:!. By the 
 latter marriage one child has been born, Seeley, born 
 March 20, 1884. Mr. Wilson has followed the drug 
 business for Iwenty-four years, the last five years in 
 Dundee. 
 
 JOHN WILSON, farmer, of Dundee township, was 
 born in Seneca county, N. Y., April 10, 1840, where 
 he remained until 1803, when he settled on his farm in 
 Dundee. He enlisted in Co. B, l8th Regt. Mich. Inf., 
 September. 1804, and was mustered out, June, 180.5. 
 He wiis married to Mary Marsh, of l.,ucas county, 
 Ohio, July 1;5, 1805. Mr. Wilson is a Republican in 
 politics, and has been road commissioner. PostofBce 
 address. Rea. 
 
 JAMES B. ZELLUFF, of Dundee, who died No- 
 vember 13, 1801, was born in the State of New Jersey, 
 in 182.5. and came lo Monroe county in 1814. He mar- 
 ried, January 10, 1.845, Sarah Franeifci, who was born 
 in New York State, March 31, 1821. They had six 
 children, of whom but two are living: James S., born 
 December 25, 1845. and David M. . born December 13, 
 1859. After Mr. Zelluff's death Mrs. Zelluff married 
 William Palmer, October 29, 18()2, with whom she 
 lived eight j'ears. She now resides alone on the old 
 homestead in Dundee township. 
 
 EXKTER TO'WKSHIP. 
 
 EPHRAIM BALDWIN, of Maybee, died July 14, 
 1889, at the age of sixty eight, leaving his widow, 
 Charlotte A , and four children to mourn his loss. He 
 was born in Lower Canada. November 0, 1821, his 
 parents being John and Abigail (Schumway) Baldwin, 
 and when in his ihirieenth jear moved lo Lenawee 
 county, and graduated from the Ann Arbor Univer- 
 sity in the class of 1849, and in connection with a Mr. 
 Harper taught a select school in Monroe, from which 
 Rev. Father Cooney, Hon. George M. Landon, H. 
 Miller, H. Shaw Noble, Irving and George Palmer, 
 and many otheis have graduated. During his spare 
 hours while teaching he read law, and was admitted 
 to the bar in 18,57. At Monioe, October 15, 18.50, he mar 
 ried Charlotte A., daughter of .loseph C. and Char- 
 lotte (Lawrence) Garwood, whose children are: 
 Newton, bom February 23, 18.50: Charlotte Louise, 
 August 10, 18.53 (died January 21, 1879); Willis, March 
 3, 1800; Lawrence, May 2-5, 1802; an infant boy, born 
 January 3, and dying January 31, 1807; and Carrie, 
 born .March 27, 1809. He was a strong Democrat and 
 vigorous lighter in politics, holding several offices of 
 trust in Ihe county. In religion he was a member of 
 the P^piscopal Church, and tlie oldest made Mason in 
 Monroe Ixidgc, No. 27, in which he was initiated 
 
16 
 
 MrSTORY Of MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN, 
 
 April fl, I80I, passed May 11, and raised June 18, 
 1851, and for several years was secretary. On his 
 death, July 14, 1889, he was buried wiiu Masonic 
 honors. 
 
 FREDERICK BALLEN was a private in Co. B, 
 47th Ohio Vol. Inf., enlisting at Adrian, June 15, 1861, 
 and mustered out August 31, 1864. At Dallas, Texas, 
 May 27, 1864, he was wounded in the thigh, and at 
 Vicksburg, Miss., May 4. 1863, was captured and held 
 prisoner for twenty-three days. He was born in Ber- 
 lin, Germany, August 11, 1842, his father's name being 
 Jobn, his mother dying on the voyage across tbe 
 ocean. He was married in Dundee, September 8, 186."), 
 to Emily, daughter of Henry and Mary (Wilson) Milli- 
 man and settled on section 2, in Exeter. They have 
 liad eight children, three boys and five girls; tbe two 
 oldest girls diid in infancy, the others all living. He 
 is a member of Baknr Post, No. 200, G. A. R., at 
 Carlton, and generally votes ihe Republican ticket. 
 
 DAVID BILLMEYER, son of Gottleib and Mary 
 (Bruwn) Billmeyer, was born in Wuertemburg, Ger- 
 many, April 36, 18:^4, and came to America in 18;")4, 
 and after living three years in Dela vareand four years 
 in LaSalle, settled on section 32, in Exeter. February 
 20, 1863, be married Christina Billmire; she died 
 March 23, 1869. Tiie children by his first wife are: 
 Anna, born October 22,1866; Lizzie, born February 8, 
 1869. October 7, 1869, at Sandy Creek, he married Mar- 
 f;aret, daughter of William and Magdelena(Goetz)Rupp, 
 whose children are: William, born September 29, 1870; 
 Frederick, August 24, 1872; Lena, February 11. 187.5: 
 Gbarles, September 17, 1876; Mary, December 2. 1878; 
 George, July 3, 1881; and Jacob, October 3, 1883. A 
 member of the Lutheran Church, and in his politics 
 a Republican. 
 
 MRS. E.MILY A. BODELL was born in the State of 
 Maine, February 10, 1829. She married January 4, 
 1848. Her husband, Thomas Bodell, was born in Ire- 
 land, May 1, 1819, came to America in 184.5, locaiing 
 at Monroe. Was a carpenter and joiner at that time 
 He spent two years in California, when he returned, 
 purchased the Grafton Mills, remaining at Grafton 
 five years, when he moved to Monroe. After four 
 years residence at Monroe, purchased a farm at Sandy 
 Creek, of seventy-nine acres. He died February 19, 
 1879. Mrs. Bodell sold the farm and came to French- 
 town, purchased a farm of fifty-seven acres, and still 
 resides there. Her family consists of thirteen 
 children. 
 
 CHARLES WESLEY BORDINE, son of Allen and 
 Lovina (Veddcr) Bordioe, was born at Oakville. Mich., 
 July 27, 1841, and came to Exeter in 1869, settling on 
 section 1. He was married at Plymouth, February 22, 
 1869, to Eliza, daughter of John and Charlotte (Casey) 
 Mott, whose children are: Allen J., born April 8, 1870; 
 George Henry, May 23. 1871 ; Lucy Jane and Maiy 
 Lodemia, born January 27, 1873. Mary died March 22, 
 1873; Charles Franklin, February 15, 1875; and Ada 
 Adelia, October 27, 1877. He is a Republican, and a 
 member of Baker Post, No. 200, G. A. R., at Carlton, 
 having seen service in Co. A, 28th Mich. Vol. Inf., in 
 which he enlis'ed in 1864. 
 
 MRS. DORLISKA COLF BROWN was born in 
 Ash towns-hip December 25. 1837. Her parents were 
 born in New York State. Her first liusband, Israel 
 Baldw in Coif, was born in Romulus in 1828. They were 
 mairied March 23, 18.55. Four children were born to 
 them. Mr. Coif enlisted August 12, 1862, in Co. C, 
 17th Mich. Vol. Inf., as private. At the battle of 
 Antietam, September 10, 1862, he was killed and 
 buried upon tlie battle field. September 10, 1866, 
 Mrs. Colt married George Brown, of Brownstowu, 
 Mich. He was born in Ohio September 4, 1843. One 
 child was born to them: John, born July 16, 1873. 
 Address, Exeter. 
 
 JOHN J. BRUCK. a farmer of Exeter, was born in 
 Gtrmany April 28, 1831. Came to America and set- 
 
 tled at Monroe in 1867. November 2't, 1856, he mar- 
 ried Mary Ann Blaser, who was born April 2, 1825. 
 Eight children were born to them. In Germany Mr. 
 Bruck was engaged in painting and slate roofing. Is a 
 member of St. Patrick's Church at Stony Creek. 
 Address is Scofield. 
 
 HATTIE BURGESS, a dressmaker in the village of 
 Maybee, was born in Exeter October 17, 18.53, her 
 parents being Edward and Dorothy Ann (Mudge) Bur- 
 gess. She has always lived in Michigan with the ex- 
 ception of two years in Rochester, N. Y. lias carried 
 on business for about four years; is a member of the 
 Congregational Church. 
 
 MRS. IDELIA COLF was born in Ottawa City, 
 Canada, November 14, 1851. Her parents came to 
 Michigan in 1855. Mrs. Coif married William Coif, of 
 E.xeter, May 19, 1871. He was born in Wayne county, 
 Miih , April 1, 1842. Three children were born to 
 them. Mr. Coif enlisted March 27, 1865, in Co. A, 5th 
 Mich. Cav., as private. While in service he contracted 
 rheumatism, which caused his discharge August 12, 
 1865. He died May 19, 1876. Since his death Mrs. 
 Coif, with the aid of her brother, George II. Bell, hag 
 managed the farm. 
 
 JAMES COLF, the sou of James and Elizabeth 
 (Tyler) Coif, was born in Van Buren township, Wayne 
 county, Mich.. Angust 7, 1844. He holds member- 
 ship in Baker Post, No. 200. G. A. R., of Carlton, 
 having enlisted as a private in Co. C, 17ih Mich. Inf., 
 in August. 1862. He was wounded in the shoulder at 
 the battle of the Wildernes->, and twice in the head at 
 Anlietam. He came to Exeter in 18,55, locating on 
 section 11. February 12, 1808, he married Martha, 
 daughter of Lafayette H. and Mary Ann (Hamilton) 
 Richards, whose children are; Newton, born Decem- 
 ber 38, 1869; William, August 27, 1H73; Edith M., 
 December 10. 188!), and Ona M.. July 23, 1885. In 
 politics, a strong Republican; in religion, a member of 
 the Evangelical Association. 
 
 MICHAEL COLLINS was born in Exeter in 1848. 
 His parents came to America in 1820 ; located in Mon- 
 roe county in 1847, Their family consisted of nine 
 children, seven living. They are all members of 
 Father Ronayne's church. Alichael resides at home 
 with bis mother ; his father died in 1873. Their farm 
 consists of sixty acres of land. 
 
 STEUBEN H. COON, of Maybee, was born in Jef- 
 ferson county, N. Y., July 4, 183-5. August, 1861, he 
 enlisted in Co. C, 60th N.Y. Vol. Inf.; was afterwards 
 made hospital steward and surgeon; was mustered out 
 June 31, 1865, and came to Michigan. He married 
 June 7, 1866, Maria Clark, of Canton, N. Y^, who was 
 born March 29. 1835. One child was born, Darwin D., 
 June 4, 1868. Mrs. Coon died in 1869; February 4, 
 1871, he married Hattie Davenport, who was born in 
 Jackson county, Mich., February 18, 1H42. Two chil- 
 dren were born to them: J. D. and Lloyd. Mr. Coon 
 is a druggist. Address, Maybee, Mich. 
 
 THOMAS CRIMS, of Exeter, was born in Ire- 
 land in 1827; came to America iu 1847. January 19, 
 1864, married Margaret Whalen, who was born in 
 Exeter, December 25, 1S40. Eight children were born 
 to them. Mr. Crims is a farmer, having a fine 
 farm of forty acres. He is a member of the Catholic 
 church. Address, Athlone, Mich. 
 
 JOHN EDWARD CUNNINGHAM, farmer, was 
 born on the farm he now owns, June 17, 1861. Hia 
 parents were born iu Ireland; came to Exeter; cleared 
 the farm John lives upon. He has had charge of the 
 school in his district four winters. His father died in 
 1878. His mother is still living, and resides with her 
 son, John Edward. His farm consists of forty acres 
 of land. 
 
 JOHN CUNNINGHAM was born in Ireland, March, 
 1825; came to America in 1831; settled at Monroe 
 county in 1835; married Catherine Crimmons, August 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 1? 
 
 8, 1859. She was born in Ireland in 184.'i. Mr. Cun- 
 ningham is a farmer; owns forty five acres of land; 
 member St. Patrick's church at Stony Creek. Address, 
 Scofiuld, Mich. 
 
 JOHN CUNNINGHAM, born in Ireland. Decem- 
 ber, ISOO, came to America in 1S34, locating in Monroe 
 county in \>*'-M>; married in 1S27 liose Gartland, who 
 was born in ISIO; died .July, ISHJ. Five children 
 weie born to Ihcm. Mr. Cunningham is a member of 
 Si. Patrick's church; a farmer. Aildress, Atblone, 
 Mich. 
 
 CHARLES DAVIS, (he bod of George A. and 
 Ilannaii (Miller) Davis, was born in Green county, 
 Wisconsin, October I. |S.")S, coming to E.^eler with his 
 parents in ISO."). March .">. Is79, he married Henrietta, 
 daucbler of George and Caroline (Crouch) Dingman. 
 Their children are: Clarence, born February IT, ISSO; 
 Stella, April -i'l. 18W; and Jesse, December V.i, l»is7. 
 An Independent Ui publican in politics. 
 
 GEORGE A. DAVIS lives on section 2 in Exeter. 
 He was born in Cayuga county, N. T, March 9, 1828, 
 hi* parents being Jedediali Gilbert and Pattie (Sever- 
 ance) Davi.s, and has lived in Monroe county all his 
 life, with the exception of four years in Wisconsin. 
 August 12, ls,")J, be married Hannah C, daughter of 
 Hiram and Paulina C. (Gray) Miller. He is a member 
 of the Evan^'clical Association (Albright's), and in 
 politics a Republican. 
 
 FRED G.\USS, of Exeter, was born in Detroit, 
 Michigan, October 22, IsOT. His parents moved to 
 Ash township when he was very small. When seven 
 years of age they went to Germany, where they rc- 
 aained until he wns fourteen years old. The}' then 
 came to Auierica, lived at Ulica, N. Y., five years, 
 then Fred came to Exeter to live with an uncle. 
 While at I'tica he learned the baker's trade; is a 
 farmer. Address, Carlton. 
 
 JACOB HAMMER was born in Germany, Septem- 
 ber 13. 1S27, and came to Exeter in 18.>j. His first 
 wife. Julia Noble, died without issue in 1(S81, ard July 
 12, 1K82. he married Mary, daughter of Nicholas 
 H. and "Theresa Holstein, wiiose children are: Louis, 
 born October 7. 1883; Charles, Maj' 22, IKX'i; Frank 
 and Clara, October 7, 1S86; and Christian, January 2;}, 
 1K89. In politics he is a Democrat; in religion a 
 Roman Catholic. 
 
 ROBERT HENRY HERKIMER, a farmer on sic- 
 lion 17 of Ex<tcr. is the son of Henry and Catherine 
 (Tin\mernian) Herkimer, born in Exeter, Otsego county, 
 N. Y., April !•• lsi;i, coming from there to Exeter in 
 1837. February 18, 18:^8, he married Mary, daughter 
 of John and Helen (Van Riper) Peters, of Ash town- 
 ship. Their cliildren are: Mary Ellen, born .\ugust 
 6, 1840; Henry, September 4, 1842; Catherine, Sep- 
 tember 2."). 1844; Matilda A., July 14, 184<5; Lucy A., 
 July 22, 184S; James J., November 2."), 1h.-)0; James V., 
 October 4, 18.54, died November 7, 18.54; Lcida May, 
 December 20, 1850; Levisa Viola, December 25. 18.58; 
 Anna Delia, April 7, 1801; Susan Adell, Januaiy 11, 
 1806. died March 13, 1806. In politics Mr. Herkimer 
 is a Republican; in religion, a member of the Metho- 
 dist church. 
 
 HENRY E. HESS, farmer, of Exeter, was born in 
 Germany, May iiO, 18-53. Henry came with his mother 
 to America in ls.")4, locating at Sandusky, O. His 
 fa'her died in 18.55 in Germany. Hii mother married 
 .Christ Laubcher of Ash township. Mr. Hess married 
 Miss Bodell March h. 1H.5m. Four children were born 
 to them. Mr. Hess owns a fine farm of forty acres of 
 land in Exeter. 
 
 JOSEPH IIOREN, living on fcction 15, of E.xeter, 
 was bom in .Monroe. July "20. 1M3'J, his parents being 
 James and Ellen (.-Vyehvard; Horen. He enlisted as a 
 private in Co A. 24ih Mich. Vol. Inf., in August, 1802, 
 and was must4Ted out with his company as a corporal, 
 in April, lHOTi. In the battle of the Wilderness he 
 
 was wounded, from the effects of which he lost hi.s 
 right arm. April 22. 1872, he was married to Ann, 
 daughter of Owen and Ann (Dunn) Cunningham. He 
 is a member of Raker Post, No. 200, G. A. R., of 
 Carlton, and for three years highwaj' commissioner 
 of Exeter township. In"politic3 lie is independent; in 
 religion, a Roman Catholic. His brother Frank was in 
 the 2Tlh Jlichigan, and was killed at the battle of 
 Spollsylvania Court House. 
 
 JOHN B. JAMES, a farmer on section 10, was bom 
 at Lisbon, Conn , February 21, 1K20. his parents being 
 Silas and Freelove (Lewis) James. He was married at 
 Little Falls, New Vork, April I, ls.-,0, to .Mary I)., 
 daughter of Nicholas and -Mary (Herkimer) Moyer. 
 He came to Exeter in August, Isoi), having lived in 
 Connecticut until 1847, then in New Hartford and 
 FranV.fort. Iniolilics .Mr. James is a Republican. 
 His only child. Ida, was born April 3. 1857, and mar- 
 ried John Coppernoll, now living in Toledo, Ohio. 
 
 ABRAM JOHNSON, farmer, of Exeter, was born at 
 Lyons, N. V., August 20, 1X52. His parents came to 
 Michigan in 1S")4. His father died when he was six- 
 teen yearn old, and Abram was obliged to do for him- 
 self. He attended the district school, winter.^. In 1870 
 purcha.sed a farm, his mother making her home with 
 him. His farm consists of ninety-five acres in Monroe 
 county, and eighty acres in Snmpter, Wayne county. 
 He married in 188X. Address, Exeter. 
 
 HIRAM JOHNSON, on section 11. came to Exeter 
 in ls;j9 w ith his parents. Anderson and Sarah (Mus-son) 
 Johnson, from Oakland county, where he was born 
 September 9, 1835. June 15," 1801, he enlisted at 
 Adrian, Mich., in Co. 15, 47th Ohio Vol. Inf., b( ing 
 mustered into the service at Camp Chase, in Columbus. 
 A member of B.aker Post, No. 200, G. A. R.. at C:irl- 
 ton. In politics he works with the Republicans. In 
 September, lMti5, he was married to Caroline, daughter 
 of Cbri-toplierand Martha (Rekeri lleiss. His children 
 are: Albert, born Febnuiry 4, I8li0; George, Novem- 
 ber 15, ISOS; Henry, August 3, 1m71; Minnie, March 
 17, 1875 (died Februarj-, 1877); Ida, December 9, 1870; 
 Annie, April 10, 1885; Btssie, December 29, 1880. 
 
 JOHN KILEY, for seventeen years clerk of E.veter 
 township, is the son of James and Julia (Sullivan) 
 Kiley, and born in Exeter, March 8, 1841. and now 
 lollows the business of merchant and farmer at Sco- 
 field. November 16. 1875, he married Carrie, daugh- 
 ter of Patrick and -Mary (Keenan) (,'ondren, who is 
 the mother of Charles, born November 18, 18T0. Mr. 
 Kiley is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and 
 in politics a Democrat. 
 
 PETER KILEY, son of James and Julia (Sullivan) 
 Kiley, was born in Exeter. November 15, 1851, and 
 lives on section 22, (ollowing the occupation of a 
 farmer. November 18, ls78, be married Catherine, 
 daughter of Michael and Ann (Regen) Conlisk, whose 
 childreD are: Willie, born September 2, 1879, died 
 August 10, 1880: Mabel, born .Mav '22, 1882; Roseile, 
 born April '20, 188.5; Peter, born December 13, 1887. 
 Mr. Kiley is a member of the Roman Catholic Church 
 at Stony Creek, and in politics a Democrat. 
 
 THOMAS KILEY, a farmer on section •22. in 
 Exeter, is the son of James and Julia (Sullivan) Kiley. 
 He was born in Exeter, August 3. 1H45, and Novem- 
 ber 23, 1869, was married to Catherine, daughter of 
 Mertie and Margaret (.McGuire) O'ilara, by whom he 
 has had elevtn children, four boys and seven girls, 
 eight of whom are living. In politics Mr. Kiley is a 
 Democrat, and in religion a member of the Human 
 Caiholic Church at Stony Creek. 
 
 FRANK BENJAMIN KNAGGS, living on section 
 30, was born on the Itiver Kaisin, October 15, 1.S40, 
 bis parents being James and Claris-sa (Lowe) Knaggs. 
 May II, 1H73, be married Eva, daughter of Francis 
 and' Lctitia (Fish) Jackson, whose children are: Clark 
 B., born October 14, 1874; Alice, November 8, 1875; 
 
18 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Miibel L.'C, February 17, 1881; Maud E., October 13, 
 1886. In politics he is a Democrat. 
 
 MRS. FREDRICKA KUSTERER was born in Ger- 
 many, November 14, 182S). In 18.54 came to America, 
 settled in Detroit. Married iu 1856 Frank Kusterer, 
 of Detroit. He wa.s born in Germany, June 15, 1834. 
 Came to America in 1849. He learned tbe brick- 
 layer's trade at Buffalo, N. Y.' They lived sixteen 
 years at Detroit. In 1871 came to Exeter and purchased 
 sixty-four acres of land. Eight cljiUlren were born to 
 them. Mr. Kusterer died April 2, 1887. Mrs. Kus 
 terer, with the aid of her sons, manages the farm. 
 
 HENRY LA FOUNTAIN, of Exeter, was born at 
 LaSalle, Mich., May 13, 1825; married November 25, 
 1851, Matilda Shatelroe. of LaSalle, who was born 
 January 12, 1833. Eleven children wt-re born to them. 
 Mr. La Fountain is a carpenter and joiner by trade, 
 but has spent the greater part of his life farming; 
 member of St. Patrick's church at Stony Creek. 
 Address, Athlone, Midi. 
 
 HENRY' LIEDEL, carpenter and builder in May. 
 bee, was born in London township, October 26, 1857, 
 his parents being Albert and Mary (rfturam) Liedel. 
 January 23, 1882, lie married Meuia. daughter of 
 Oliver and Abelina (Zung) Hoffman, whose children 
 are' Rosa, born December 17, 1883; Clara, October 
 11, 1885; and Edward, March 28, 1888. In religion 
 Mr. L. is a Catholic, and in politics a Democrat. 
 
 .lOHN LONG, a blacksmith in the village of Sco- 
 tield, is of German parentage, the son of Jacob and 
 Reta Long, and born in Wuertemberg, Germany, 
 November 11, 1844. He came to America iu 1851, 
 settling in Herkimer county. N. Y.,and after living in 
 various sections of the country settled in Scofield in 
 1883. In politics Mr. Long is a Republican, and in 
 religion a member of the Lutheran church. He has 
 been twice married: February 2, 1867, to Mary Stae 
 bel, who died without issue, and Oci'iber28, 1879, to 
 Reta, daughter of John and Frederika (fiiete) Heier, 
 who is the mother of three children: John, born 
 August 5, 1881; Joseph, October 2, 1882; and Mary 
 June 20, 1885. 
 
 MRS. MARY LUCKE, of Exeter, was born in East 
 ern Pennsylvania, July 18, 1833. Her father, Thomas 
 Farrell, died in P< nnsylvania, and with her mother 
 Mary came to Ida, Monroe county, Mich., January 
 1834. She married .lames McGowan, of Exeter, who 
 died February 20, 1870. Seven children were the 
 fruits of this union. January 30, 1877, Mrs. McGowan 
 married Bernard LucUe, of Exeter. One child was 
 born to them. Her farm consists of forty acres of 
 land . 
 
 JOHN MAHONEY was born in Exeter, April 14, 
 1848. His father came to Exeter in 1834. John mar- 
 ried Mary Nolen, October 25, 1880, %vho was born 
 May 8, 18.59. Two children were born to them ; Ed- 
 ward, born March 13, 1882, and Anna, born June 20, 
 1883. Mr. Mahoney is a farmer; has eighty acres of 
 land; is a member of St. Patrick's church at Stony 
 Creek. 
 
 PATRICK MAYNE3. of Exeter, was born in Ire- 
 land in 1828; came to America in 1835. locating at 
 Monroe; Novembers, 1851, married Ellen Grinncm, 
 who died November 25, 1866, leaving four children. 
 Janiiary 7, 1868, be married Julia Knowles who died 
 Marcli, 18(J9. For his third wife he married Nettie 
 Smith August 14, 1873, who was born November 9, 
 1856. Ten children were horn by this marriage. Mr. 
 Maynes is a farmer and charcoal burner of Exeter. 
 
 JOSEPH MURPHY^ farmer, of Exeter, was born 
 upon the farm he now owns, January 3, 1854. His 
 parents were born in Ireland; came to America in 
 1828; settled in Exeter in 1835. Joseph married No- 
 vember 20, 1883, Nellie Nolen, who was born in Exeter 
 Augnst 9, 1864. Her parents were born in Ireland; 
 came to America in 1854, settling at Exeter. Three 
 
 children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Murphy. Mr. 
 Murphy's farm consists of sixty acres of fine farming 
 land. 
 
 EDWARD NOLEN, a successful farmer of Exeter, 
 was born in Ireland, September, 1833. When nineteen 
 y<ars of age he came to America, locating in Indiana, 
 where he remained four years. Two j-ears of the 
 time he was employed b}' what was at that time called 
 the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad. In tbe fall of 
 1856 he came to Michigan, renting a farm in Exeter. 
 Two years later be purchased a farm of forty acres of 
 land. August 11. 18.58, he married Julia Crimmons, 
 who was born in Ireland in May, 1832. Five children 
 were born to them. Mr. Nolen's farm now consists 
 of one hundred acres, eighty of which are under culti- 
 vation. 
 
 HENRY OBERLITER, a farmer of Exeter, was 
 born in Germany, March 31, 1854. His father died in 
 Germany. Henry came to America with his mother 
 in 1867. They settled at Monroe; came to Exeter in 
 1877, where he has forty acres of land; married Sophia 
 Behu, January 29, 1879. She was horn September 29, 
 1857. They have three children: William, born June 
 7. 1880; Matilda, June, 1S83; and Minnie, August !3, 
 1885. Address, Exeter. 
 
 THOMAS O'DONNELL, of Exeter, was born in 
 Ireland in 1832; came to America in 1857; settled in 
 Monroe county in 1867; married in 1857 Ann Collins, 
 of Exeter, who was born January 3, 1837. Four 
 children were born to them: Mary, Patrick, Michael 
 and John. Mr. O'Donnell has always been a farmer. 
 His farm consists of forty acres of land; is a Demo- 
 crat in politics. He enlisted iu 1864 in the 11th Mich. 
 Cav. in Co. E; w.as discharged in 1865 at the close of 
 the year by gener il order of the War Department. 
 Addnss, Athlone, Mich. 
 
 JOHN PETRAK, a farmer of Exeter, was born at 
 Wyandotte, Mich., October, 1860. His parents came 
 to Ash township when John was three years of age. 
 In 1874 purchased a farm in Exeter, and John lived 
 with them until his marriag" with Anna Lipton, of 
 Wyandotte, December 13, 1880. She was born in 
 Germany, March 16, 1862. Three children were born 
 to them, John, Frank and Barnart. 
 
 GEORGE HENRY' POST, a farmer on section 11, 
 was born March 1, 1869, in Boston, Sutnmit county, 
 Ohio, where he lived un il 1869, when he moved to 
 Carlton. He eulistfd in the "Squirrel Hunters" in 
 September, 1862, and the following year was appointed 
 first duty sergeant in Co. E, 13ih O. V. C, with which 
 he w;i8 mustered out in Oct., 1865. At Mount Sterling, 
 Ky., he was taken prisoner of war, but only remained 
 over night with the rebels. August 31, 1864, he mar- 
 ried Lydia, daugh'er of Lewis and Harriet (Simpson) 
 Watson. His i)arents were Henry and Lucy (Curtis) 
 Post. He is a Republican, and a member of Perry 
 Baker Post, No. 200, G. A. R.,at Carlton. His chil- 
 dren are: Lyman, born January 10, 1869; Roj', April 
 26, 1875; Hattie, May 7, 1882; and Truman, July 6, 
 1868, died December 22, 1870. 
 
 Lafayette H. RICHARDS, farmer, of Exeter, 
 was born in New Y'ork State, January 26, 1826. His 
 parents came to Michigan in 1834, first locating in 
 Washtenaw county. His father died in Huron town- 
 ship, Wayne county, in 1858; mother died at 
 Exeter in 1SH3. April 17, 1848, Mr. Richards 
 married Mary Ann Hamilton, of Huron, Wayne 
 County, Michigan. She was born in Canada, Novem- 
 ber 25, 1830. Eight children were born to them, seven 
 of whom are living. In 1847 Mr. Richards cleared the 
 farm upon which he now resides. At that time it was 
 a wilderness. 
 
 JAMES RONAY'NE, pastor of St. Patrick's Church, 
 at Athlone, was born in Dereham, Oxford county, 
 Canada, January 28, 1851, his parents being John and 
 Bridget (Riordau) Ronayne. He came to Ash town- 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 19 
 
 ship in March, 188>. having lived previously in Iluh- 
 bardstown, Mich., and lias had charge of the church 
 at Stony Creek, with the mission at Maybee and 
 Bluebush ever since, now numbering about three hun- 
 dred and Iwenty families. 
 
 WESLEY f'OLLINS RICHARDS was born on 
 section 1 of E.Keter. September I.'*, 18.58, his parents 
 being Washin;;ton VanRennselacr and Lucretia 
 (Blount) Hichartls. lie was married November ."), 
 18S4, 10 Mary Lovinsi, daughter of George and Mary 
 Elizabeth (.McKinstry) Smock. Their children are: 
 (.ieorge Vcrnor, born July 10, 188."i; Mary Lucretia, 
 August 21, 188(>; Lois Elizabeth, January 9. 1888 (died 
 February 28, 1888); Wesley Asher, June IT, 188!). Mr. 
 Richards is a Prohibillonisi, and a member of tlu 
 lletholist Church. 
 
 DAN C. SCIIOLL was born in Huron county, Ohio, 
 December 20, 1S.")T. Moved to Monroe county with 
 his parents March 4, 181J4. .Married, May 26, 1880. to 
 Mijs Lizzie S. Rauch. One cliild, a boy, was born to 
 them. Mr SchoU's parents arc both living. In poli- 
 tics Mr. Scholi is a Republican; a free thinker. Ad- 
 dress, Raisinville. 
 
 THOMAS SHAXKLETON, farmer, of Ex-iter, was 
 born in Carroll county, Ohio, June 7, 1862. His parents 
 came to Micliigan in 1868, locating at Frcnchtown. 
 February 6, lss:J, he married Angeline Navarre, of 
 Frenclitown, who was born April 2, 1862. Two chil- 
 dren were born lo them: James, born December .31, 
 1883, and Louisa, September 7, 18S."i. In the spring 
 of 1886 Mr. Shankleton moved to E.'ccter, purcliased 
 a fine farm of si.xty acres. Address, Exeter. 
 
 JACOB SHOEMAKER was born on the 
 Atlantic Ocean, July 30. 18;}:!, going at once to Riley 
 township, in Sandusky county. Ohio, with his parents, 
 Jacob and .Magdalena (Goetz) Shoemaker, where lie 
 lived until 1884, wlien he came lo Exeter. June 22, 
 18.57, he was married to Rosina, daughter of Antoine 
 and Catherine Lammerstow. Politically he is a Dem- 
 ocrat. In religion he worehips with the Lutherans. 
 He is the father of eleven children: Levi Henry, born 
 November 20, 1857; Charles Jacob. July 5, 18.59; An- 
 drew Jackson, August 24. 1861; Franklin, February 
 27, 1804; Amelia. November 12, 180.5; Luther Albert, 
 September 8, 1867; John William, January 24, 1808; 
 Ida Risctta, July 24, 1870; Edward, July 18, 1872 
 (died October 1, 1876); David, March 1, 1874; Cora 
 Alvina, October 28. 1876 (died March 19, 1879). 
 
 JCSTIN SISUNG, of Sisung & Brandes, wagon- 
 makers and blacksmiths in Maj'bec. is the son of lames 
 and Celia (Bunnell) Sisung, and born in Lorerze, 
 France. June 1, 18-56. and when a year old came to La- 
 Salle with his parents, and after living in Frenchtown 
 came to Exeter in 1880. November 1, IKHl. Ue mar- 
 ried Elizabeth, daughter of John and Francis (Bart- 
 lett) Bandeau, whose children arc: Ralph J. C, born 
 Jnlv aO. 1882; Justin, October 19, 1887 (died March 7, 
 1888); Grover, March 18, 188.5; Leona, April 29, 1M89. 
 Sir. Sisung is a member of the Reman Catholic 
 Church, and a stanch Democrat. Has been justice 
 of the peace two terms. 
 
 JOHN SMITH was born in Ireland, March 17, 182,5. 
 When twenty years of age came to America and en- 
 gaged in farming in Ohio. In lM-57 married Bridget 
 A. Dunniiigan, of Ohio, who was horn in Ireland. In 
 186.5 Mr. Smith purchased a farm in Exeter, of thirty 
 acres. He now owns eighty three acres of land. To 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Smith six children were born; Michael, 
 Patrick, Matthew. .Mary, John jr., and Thomas. 
 Michael was admitted to the bar at Monroe, and is now 
 at Ames, Story county, Iowa. Patrick is a well to do 
 farmi r of Story county. The rest of the family reside 
 in Monroe county. 
 
 MARY STEFFES was born in Prussia, October 
 11, 1839. her parents being John and Gertrude (Herrig) 
 Fuhrmann. June 15, l8oS, she married Stephen, son 
 
 of Matthew and Susan Steffes, and in the fall of 18.59 
 moved from Detroit to Exeter, settling on section 22, 
 where she is now living. Iler children are: John, 
 born Julv 23. ls.59 (died July 20. 1SS4); Susannah, 
 July 5, 1861; Gertrude. August"27. 1S()3; Anna, Decem- 
 ber 23, 1S()5 (died November 10. ISSM); Anti inc. March 
 3. 1S68; Stephen, April 4, 1H70; Peter, July 2S, 1S72; 
 Elizabeth, January 13. 1S74; Mary, April 16, 1876; 
 and Laura. November 23, 1S79. Her husband died 
 June 29, 1S79. ami during his residence in Exeter 
 was highway commissioner for three terms. 
 
 WILLIAM STEWART, of Exeter, was born in 
 Canada. June 15, 1838. His parents came from Scot- 
 land to Canada in 1837. In 1851 located at Frenchtown, 
 Mich., purchaslnga farm. May, 1861, William enlisted 
 in Co. A, 4lli Mich Vol. Inf., as private. While in the 
 army had typhoid fever, which unfitted him for duty, 
 and he was discharged August. 1S6-2. He returned to 
 Frenchtown and engaged in farming. October. 1865, 
 married Agnes Snedecor, who was born in Orange 
 count}', N. Y., 1842. Six children were bJrn. Jlrs. 
 Stewart died March 18. issi). Mr. Stewart married 
 Kate Herkimer, of Exeter, March. 1887, for his second 
 wife. She was born in 1844. Mr Stewart is a mem- 
 ber of Smith Post. G. A. R., of Monroe. He owns 
 one hundred and fory acres of tine farming land. 
 
 WILLIAM H. TALCOTT. attorney at-law, of 
 Carlton, Mich , was born at .Madison. N. Y., February 
 3, 1840. Came with his parents to Michigan in 1844. 
 At the age of lilteen years he entered the normal 
 school, graduating in 18')9. Soon after this be began 
 farming in Nebraska, attending to his farm summers, 
 and teaching winters. Augu-t 11, isso, m irried Jen- 
 nie Reynolds, of Ypsilanli, Mich., who was born at 
 Avon, Ohio. One child, William B.. was born to 
 them July 7, 1881. In 18S3 Mr. Talcott entered the 
 law department at Ann Arbor University, from which 
 he graduated in 1880. Was admitted to the bar at 
 LaPurte, Ind. In the spring of 1887 was candidate for 
 circuit judge, 2Jd Judicial District, on Prohibition 
 ticket. Came to Carlton during the summer of 1887. 
 Address, Carlton, Mich. 
 
 MOSES UPELL. farmer, of Exeter, born in Erie, 
 Mich.. July 7, 18;i8. He followed farming until 1861, 
 when he enlisted in Co. K, 11th Mich. VoL Inf. He 
 was discharged September 13, 18()4. Was wounded at 
 the battle of Mi.ssion Ridge, in 1863, and was granted 
 a pension. He nurried, December 26, 1809, Modest 
 Plinnadore, of Eiie, Mich,, who was born October 10, 
 18.52 Eight children were born to them. Are niem- 
 bere of Father Ron lyne's Church, at Athlone. Address, 
 Orleton. 
 
 J.VMES WESLP^Y, a farmer of Exeter, was born 
 in Taylor township, Wayne county, Mich., February 
 27, 1850. When sixteen years of age started for liim- 
 -self in life, going to Wyandotte to work in the rolling 
 mills. From there he went lo Detroit, entered a saw 
 mill. Later on secured employment on Michigan 
 Central Railroad, drawing wood and lumber. .Soon 
 after was made brakeman of same road. After 
 eighteen months at this he returned to Taylor and be- 
 gan farming. March 26, 1875, married Anna J. Cory, 
 of Dearborn, Mich., who was birn July 3, 1857. Four 
 children born to them. In 1879 Mr. Wesley came to 
 Monr.)e county, where he has since resided. Address, 
 Exeter. 
 
 THOMAS D. WILSON, a faimer of Exeter, was 
 born in Indiana. January 20, 1828. October 5, 18.53, 
 he married .Mary C. Woo"dward. of Exeter, Mich. She 
 was born April 15. 1840. Eleven children were born 
 to them. After Mr. and Mrs. Wilson's marriage they 
 moved to Exeter, upon the farm tlicy now reside on. 
 
 JOHN Y'ESSE. by occupation a saloonkeeper in 
 Maybee, was born in LaSalle, December 6, 1s59. his 
 parents being Henry and .Mary (Keller) Yesse. June 
 10, 18*4, he married Mary, daughter of Leonard and 
 
20 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Elizabeth (Post) Scliassberser, whose cbildion arc: 
 George, bora March 24, 18S.J, and Elizabeth, July lb, 
 188r>. In politics he is an independent Democrat, and 
 a member ot the Lutheran Church. 
 
 ERIE TOWNSHIP. 
 
 GEORGE BENORE, son of Maxim and Polly 
 Benore was born in Washington township, Lucas 
 county' O., in 1884. He was married in 1883 to Miss 
 Annie Gaynier, a daughter ot Morris and Eliza Gay- 
 uier of LaSalle, Monroe county. Mich. They have 
 two children. In 1883 Mr. Benore located in the town 
 of Erie, Monroe county, and purchased one hundred 
 and thirtv acres of land, on which he now resides. 
 Himself and wife are members of St. Joseph's chnrch, 
 of Vienna. 
 
 CYRUS BR.VDFORD, son of Stei hen and Harriet 
 Bradford, was born in the township of Erie, Monroe 
 county, Mich.. March 7, 184r). He married Laura A. 
 Mason, daughter of Chester and Emnvi INIasou, of 
 Bedford, by whom he has had seven children; five are 
 now living. Mrs. Bradford died October 7, 1888. He 
 was chosen to the office of magistrate in 1883, and 
 elected again to the same office in 1886 .for a term of 
 four years. 
 
 ED\VARD B. BUSHROE was born at Rochester, 
 N. Y.. on May 13, 1844, son of Basil and Julia 
 (lott) Bushroe, who came from Montreal, Canada, in 
 1830. In 1862 they went to Bedford, where the mother 
 died March 37, 186.^>, and father September 2o, 18T.5. 
 On August 25, 1868, Edward B. married Lilly, 
 daut'hter of Edward and Lorain (Dufseau) Shinever, 
 born in Bedford on April 7, 1848 ; her father died 
 January 27, 1879. Their children are: Victor E., 
 horn Aug. 3, 1869, died Oct. .5, 1869; Joseph S., born 
 Nov 9 1870 ; Samuel J., Jan. 9, 1873 ; Wm. F.. April 
 28, 1875 ; Charles H., Sept. 30, 1878 ; Emma D., July 
 9 1881; Rosie L,, Jan 4, 1884; Uammelia D. born 
 Dec. 28, 1884, died Jan. 28, 1885 ; Anna E., Feb. 4, 
 1886; May M., May 13, 1888. Mr. Bushroe moved to 
 Erie township in 1875. and has a (arm one and one- 
 fourth miles west of Vienna. He is an active Demo- 
 crat, and for several jears was deputy sheriff. P. O. 
 address, Erie. 
 
 CHARLES A. CAMPBELL, a blacksmith at Erie, 
 served his apprenticeship in the towiisliipcf Cornwell, 
 Upper Canada, where he lived until he came to Erie 
 in October, 1851. He is the son of Adam and Rebecca 
 (Stata) Campbell, and was born in County Store- 
 mout, in the Eastern District of Upper Canada, Jan- 
 uary 31, 1837. He was married at Waldron, Hills- 
 dale county, Michigan, October 28, 1855, to Ann 
 Louisa, daughter of Joel S. and Jane (Roberts) Hub- 
 bard. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, 
 and votes the straight Democratic ticket. His only 
 son, Frank W., was born November 28, 18.')9, and fol- 
 lowing the example of his father, is working in the 
 same shop, and for four years was justice of the 
 peace. 
 
 CHARLES S. CHOATE, a farmer of Erie, was boru 
 in Monroe City, July 20, 1833. Settled in Erie, Mon- 
 roe county, in 1856. Married Hannah Peters, of Bed- 
 ford, Monroe county. Their children arc: Lucy E.. 
 Thertse A., Jennie, Charles S.. I'r., Edith A. and 
 Bessie. 
 
 DENNIS COUSINO, son of Francis and Victoria 
 Cousino, was born in the town of Erie, Monroe county, 
 Mich., in 1833. He was married in 1851 to Eliza Den- 
 your, daughter of Anloine and Catherine Denyour, of 
 Erie township. He has had eleven children, of whom 
 eight are now living. -Occupation, farmer; owns 
 eighty-four acres of land. PostofBce address, Erie, 
 Mich. 
 
 ELI F. COUSINO, son of Isadorc and Roselle 
 Cousino, was born in the town of Erie, Monroe county. 
 
 Mich., in 18.50. He was married in 1877 to Miss Matilda 
 LaPoint, daughter of William and Mary LaPoint, of 
 Washington, Lucas county, O. He has five children 
 now living. Occupation, farming; owns sixty nine 
 acres of land. Himself and wife are members of St. 
 Joseph's chnrch. Postofflce address, Erie, Mich. 
 
 ISAIAH COUSINO was born in Monroe county, 
 April 24, 1843. Married Catherine Valquett February 
 24, 1868; she was born at Locust Point, O., March 2, 
 1849. Their children are: Laura, born November 7, 
 1870; Edmond, born December 23, 1872; Ernest, born 
 February 31, 1875; Alfred, born February 9, 1878; 
 Liguri, born February 20, 1880; Georgianna, born July 
 30, 1882; Pearl, birn January 13, 1885; Blanche, born 
 March 2. 1887. His business is farming. Postofflce 
 adress, Erie. 
 
 JAMES DEAN, a wagonmaker on section 36 in 
 Erie, was brought up in the Roman Catholic faith, 
 being born at Newburgh, N. Y., March 7, 1*^36, and 
 after a roving life settled down in Erie town- 
 ship in 1882. He was married at Toledo in 
 1869 to Mary, daughter of James and Jlargaret (Mo- 
 mine) McCuUuck, who died in 1870. In December, 
 1872, he married Ellen, daughter of William and 
 Mary Ann (Mann) LaPointe, who has six children, of 
 whom two bovs and three girls are living and one 
 girl is dead. Mr. Dean is the son of William C. and 
 Mary (Ferguson) Dean, and is a Democrat. 
 
 CHARLES DOHA!, a farmer living on section 16 
 in Erie, w^as born near Ilesse Castle, Germany, Jan. 
 11, 1830, and came to America in 1849 and worked on 
 a farm near Rochester, Ontario and Wayne counties, 
 N. Y., and came to Erie in 1857. His parents. Wil- 
 fiam and Sophia (Meier) Dohm, died in his infancy. 
 March 2, 1858. he married Jennie, daughter of Samuel 
 and Nancv (Dean) Young, who died Nov. KO. 1880, 
 leaving seven children : Augustus, born Nov. 30, 1860, 
 married and living at home; Elwood, born June 25, 
 1862, married and living in Bedford: Samuel, born 
 July' 22, 1865, living at home; Willie, born June 16, 
 1867, living in Toledo; Carl, born June 25, 1870, liv- 
 ing in Bedford; Wilhelmina, born June 18. 1878, and 
 Georii-e Spencer, Nov. 27. 1880, both living at home, 
 and Frank, born May 9, 1875, died Dec. 29, 1876. He 
 is a Presbyterian, and a member of the Erie Vigilance 
 Society, as well as an independent Democrat. 
 
 VICTOR A. DUSSEAU was born in Erie, Monroe 
 county, Mich., November 20. 1835. Married Catherine 
 D Morein, of Erie, Mich., May 24, 1863. Their chil- 
 dren are : Plaggett, Ada, Silas, Ella, Maurice, Dorris 
 and Lucy (twins), Julia, Manues and Abbie. He is a 
 school teacher. Postofflce address, Erie. 
 
 WILLIAM FORM AN, a farmer of Erie, was born in 
 Wayne county, New York State, July 19, 1816. Settled 
 in Monroe county in 18:33. Married Mary Doty, of 
 Bedford, Monroe county. April 23, 1838; she was born 
 in Monroe county August 5, 1814. and died February 
 3 1S75. Their children are: Celesta, born February 
 I'l 1839; Louisa E , born February 9, 1845: Stephen, 
 bo'rn January 14, 1849; Ella J., born October 2, 1851; 
 Hortense, born October 30, 1853: Donald, born January 
 12, 1856, died December 17. 1856. He is a Republican; 
 has been justice of the peace for three years. 
 
 CHARLES A. HALL, a harnessmaker of Erie, was 
 born in Zanesville, O.. March 19, 1833. Settled in 
 Monroe county, November 5, 1847. Married Sarah 
 Withington, of LaSalle, November 5, 1850; she was 
 born in New York State in 1830, and died at Erie, 
 June 3 1877; had no children. He learned the harness 
 trade in Zanesville, O., when fourteen years old; has 
 worked at his tnide in Erie for forty years. Postofflce 
 address, Erie. 
 
 PETER JACOBS, son of Dominick and Catherine 
 Jacobs, was born August 10, 1850, in the town of Erie, 
 at wha't was then known as the Bay Settlement. He 
 was married in 1885 to Miss Alice Gaunier, daughter 
 
PERSONAL HISTOklKS. 
 
 21 
 
 of Doininick and Elizabeth Gaunier, of Krie townsliip. 
 He was chosen to the otlice of majristrate in IHHl, and 
 served three years, and aenin l)y re-election in IHST, 
 now lioldiosr tlie office. By trade a carpenter and 
 joiner. Poslofliec address, Erie. Monroe county. 
 Himself and wife are members of St. Joseph's Church. 
 
 ALEXANDEH LEONARD, son of Alexis and Julia 
 Leonard, wis born in the town of LaSalle, Monroe 
 county. Mich., December 10, ]X'.W. He was married 
 in lS(i',' to Miss Martha Jacobs, daughter of 
 Stephen and Irene Jacobs, of Erie, by whom he 
 has had nine children, si.\ now living. lie located at 
 Vienna in \><t>'>, since which he has been a resident of 
 Erie township. Himself and family are members of 
 St. Joseph's Church. Po.slotiice address, Erie, Mich. 
 
 JOHN H. LOEFFLEI5, son ofGotlieband AnnaM. 
 Loifll r, was born in Haden. Germany, in ls-,'s, and 
 came to America in is4.s, locating in Monroe. In I'<7-1 
 he purchased forty-live acres of land in the town of 
 Erie, and still resides there. He marriel Miss Wall- 
 burca Amman, who \Mas also a native of Germany, 
 and caniL' to this country in 1H.")4. 
 
 DARIUS LOOSE was born in Berks county. Pa., 
 in lH:il. His parents were Jonathan and Frances 
 Loose. He came lo Monroe county in l.s.)l and lo- 
 cated at Dundee. He was engaged in cabinet making 
 there about eighteen months, ilien located at Monroe, 
 wh.ere he contmned the same tr.ade in connection with 
 the real e.>l:ile bu<ine.ss. Willi the exception of about 
 six years spent in Virginia, he has been a resident 
 of Monroe counlj- from the time of coming to the 
 present day. In iss} he purchased one hundred and 
 six acre< of land in Erie township, where he still re- 
 sides. He was married in is.',:; to Miss Malinda Zellar, 
 of Lebanon county. Pa. They have three children. 
 All are members of the .Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 Mr. Loose and wife were the first members of the 
 Evangelical Church at East Raisinville. aud it was 
 through their efforts the church wns established, 
 about the year isiio He has always taken a deep in- 
 terest in tlie Sabbath School, of which he was super- 
 intendent for several years. Postoffice address, Erie, 
 Michigan. 
 
 WILLIAM H. McCLAINwasborninSummerfield, 
 Aug. 13. ISoB, and lived in Toledo with his parents, 
 L'pton and Melinda (Viets) McClain, most of the 
 time until he came to Erie, in April, 1H81, and settled 
 on a farm of 170 acres on sections l.") and 10, in con- 
 nection with which he carried on the business of 
 gardener, coal merchant, and operated a feed mill. 
 He was married in Grace Church, Toledo, Jan. 20, 
 ]8hO. to Sarah Elizabeth, daughter of Elias W. and 
 Susan (Kelly) Hedges. They have six children, 
 Grace, Inez," Helen, Florence, Walter and Leonard, 
 all living at home. He is a member of Russell Lodge, 
 No. 144, F. it A. M , at Lambertville, and an f^pisco- 
 palian. In politics a Republican, and has held the 
 oflice of drain commissioner of Erie township for six 
 yeurs. 
 
 SAMUEL JIORRl.N lives on a farm of 140 acres on 
 section 28. where he was born April l.j, 1843, his par- 
 ents being Peler and Emily (Duval) Morrin. He is a 
 Democrat and a member of Fr. Thomas's Church, in 
 f^iie. He mourns the loss of one boy, and has three 
 boys and five girls living at home. Xov. 14, 18(i-'), he 
 was married to Susan, daughter of Joseph and Theresa 
 RoA-e. His political faith is pinmd to the Democrat 
 party. 
 
 JAMES MORRIN, a farmer living on section 28, 
 was bnrn at lliat point, Feb 1"). 1^4(1. his parents be- 
 ing Isadore and JIary Ann (Tiombley) Morrin. He 
 was brought up a Catholic, and imbibed the princi- 
 ]>le.- of Democracy from his first breath, although 
 never accijUing any office. January 12, 187.5, 
 he was married to I.«hbella, daughter of Pe- 
 ter and Caroline (Knaggs) Trabbic. whose child- 
 ren are : Tobias, born DiC. 14, 1875; Sarah, Feb. 
 
 1. 1877; Arthur, June 2.'i, ls78; Blcndinia, Jan. i:!. 
 1H8C; Lot, May 31. 1881; Leo, Oct. 29, 1882; Bernetla, 
 Aug. 22. 1M.S4; Mabel. May 17. 1S,8(1; Joan, Jan. 10, 
 188S: Willie Walter. June 0, )HS!l. 
 
 JAMES MULHOLLAND, son of James and Sarah 
 Mulholland, was born in Eric township on the farm 
 where hi' now resides, in ls;!(;, IK. was married De- 
 cember 2!l. istil, to Jliis Anna, daughter of Elihu and 
 Maria (Wilson) Hall, of Eric, by whom he has three 
 children. His business is farming; owns one 
 hundred and twenty acres of land. Postotlice address, 
 Erie, Michigan. 
 
 JAMES IC. PERRY, a farmer of Erie, was born in 
 New York City. December 22, 1h27, and settled in 
 Monme county in 1h|."i. .Married Julia Hedges, June 
 9. 18.V2. Th-y Icive threi- children: Sarah IL, born 
 November l."lS.");j; David N., December 12, lM.-)(i; 
 (ieorge O , December 24, ISdO. Has been a farmer for 
 (orty two years. Is a Democnil, Has been school in- 
 spector for nine years. 
 
 JAMES CLINTON POTTER was born in Black 
 ROCK, Niagara county, N. Y.. March 4. 182."), and in 
 his fourteenth year came to Sandusky, Ohio, with his 
 parents. Henry and Louisa (Lee) Potter. During the 
 Alexican war lie served on (he United States steamer 
 "Congress," under Com. Stockton, a^ (|uarter-gunner, 
 and at the capture of Los Angeles acted as flag ser- 
 geant in the land forces of the " Blue Jackets" from 
 the Pacific Squadron. On his return to New Y'ork in 
 the tail of 1848, he married Lucy M. Armilage, who 
 died in 18-")1, leaving one boy, who died in Sandusky 
 when three years of age. March 4. 1852, he married 
 Eliza, daughter of Ezra and Lydia (VanDusen) Whip- 
 ple, who has had four children, two boys and two 
 girls. The latter are dead, and of the former, Wil- 
 liam is living at home, and Freeland C. is superin- 
 ti-ndent of public schools in Denver, Col. During the 
 R' bellion Mr. P. served as corporal in Co. II. 14.")th 
 O. V. I. He is a member of the Methodist Church; a 
 Republican in politics, and for several years has been 
 keeper of the Erie Shooting Association grounds, and 
 deputy game and fish warden of .Michigan. 
 
 MOSES ROB\DEAU. a farmer of Erie, was born 
 in Monioe county, February 29, IS^O. Married Areh- 
 ange Sulicr, laniiary SI. 1^39; she was born in Cana- 
 da, March 24, 1S22. Their children are: Arcliange. 
 born May 2S, 1S40; Ellen, March 10. ls42, died April 
 20, 18.")8; Moses, born Febrnary 12. 1S44, died March 
 1.5, 184.5; Isabelle, born January 2.5, ls4ii; Louis, born 
 January 2, 1n48: Noah, born August 10, ls.53: Joshua, 
 born April 0. is.54; David, born April 2S, 1M.55. died 
 May 1, is.5.5; Benjamin, born February 20, 18.57; 
 Electa, born June 18, 1H.59; Mary, born December .5, 
 1S0.5. Has been a farmer all his life. He cleared the 
 farm where he now resides. 
 
 DAVID ROBEDEAU is a farmer living on section 
 18 in Erie, born on section ](>, Jan. 0, 1832, his 
 parents being Louis and Arcauzele (St. Bernard) 
 Robcdeau. With the exception of ten years in Ohio, 
 he has always lived in Erie. He is a member of Fr. 
 Thomas's Church, and a life-long Democrat, and 
 while not a politician, has held the oftice of highway 
 commissioner for five terms. ' He is the father of six- 
 teen chililren. ten boys and six girls, of whom three 
 boys and three girls are living, and has been four 
 times married. His first wife, to whom he was mar- 
 ried in January, 1842, was Maud S.. daughter of John 
 
 and (Cousino) LaPointe. who died in 1849, 
 
 leaving two boys and mie girl; Gideon, who was in 
 the 17lli Mich. Vol. Inf.. and killed at Spotlsylvania 
 Court House; Lambert, a butcher by trade and living 
 at home, and Boselis. who died when a child. In 
 1850 he married his tec<md wife. Zoe. daughter of 
 John and M irienne (Corneaui DeSheltler, who died 
 in 1808, with five boys and lour girls, of whom one 
 boy and two gitls are living. His third wife, to whom 
 he Was married in 1870, was Malinda, daughter ot 
 
22 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 and Mary (Drouillard) Bagnell. She died in 
 
 1877, with two boys, botli of whom are dead. For 
 the fourth wife he was married Jan. 13, 1879, to Em- 
 ily, daughter of Francis and Felice (Moran) Duval, 
 whose two children, a boy and a girl, are both living. 
 
 OCTAVIA E. ROBERT is the oldest of the thirteen 
 children of Dorainick £. and Elizabeth Ann (Morrin) 
 Robert, and was born in Erie, Oct. 9, 1856. Born of 
 and raised in a family of Roman Catholics, she natur- 
 ally became and now is a member of Fr. Thomas's 
 Church. She lives with her father on section 16, and 
 follows the profession of dressmaking for a liveli- 
 hood. 
 
 JOHN STUMP was born at Wuertemberg. Germany, 
 Jan. 1, 1803, the son of John and Hannah Slump. He 
 came to New York in 1816, and lived there and in 
 Philadelphia until 1834, when he settled on section 18 
 of Erie. He was married at Tremainsville, Ohio, 
 Nov. 20, 1834, to Marilda, daughter of Peter and Car- 
 rie (Newman) Lefford, who is ihe mother of eleven 
 children, of whom four boys and one girl are living. 
 Three of the boys, George, John and James, were in 
 the Union army during the war, and Christian en- 
 listed but was not accepted. Mr. Stump has always 
 been a Democrat. He was brought up a member of 
 the Lutheran Church, but of late years has been a 
 member of the Presbyterian. 
 
 VICTOR TRABBIC is the seventh child of Peter 
 and Caroline (Knaggs) Trabbic, and was born in Erie, 
 May 28, 1861. Born a Catholic and raised a Demo- 
 crat, he has always followed the occupalion of a 
 farmer. His father has been supervisor of Erie town- 
 ship for two years. Jan. 33, 1883, he was mar- 
 ried to Adele, daughter of Antoine and Adeliue 
 (Perry) LaPointe, whose children are: Ralston, born 
 April 27, 1884 (died Nov. 30, 1885); Priscilla, born 
 Nov. 14, 188G; and Murie, born Dec. 5, 1888. 
 
 JOHN WEE.MAN is the oldest son of a family of 
 five boys and two girls, all of whom are living. He 
 was born Feb. 28, 1816, at Hinesburg, Vt., on the 
 farm of his parents, Edward and Vilena (Conger) 
 Weeman. He was a tailor by trade for about twenty 
 years. In August, 1840, at Norfolk, St. Lawrence 
 county, N. Y., where he had lived for sixteen years, 
 he was married to Mary E., daughter of Joel S. and 
 Jane (Roberts) Hubbard, whose children are two girls 
 and three boys, all living. They are Hannibal A. and 
 Hamilton A., twins, born in December, 1844— the for- 
 mer a partner in the well-known firm of Lyllle, Wee- 
 man & Co., in Toledo, the latter a farmer; George, 
 born in 1866, and living at home; Chasiina V., wife 
 of Dora Cone, dealer iu agricultural implements, at 
 Jasper, Mich ; and Ann Eliza, wife of Ralph Doty, In 
 Bedford. After his removal from Sr. Lawrence 
 county, N. Y., Mr. Weeman lived a few years in 
 Bedford (where he was highway commissioner), and 
 came to Erie in 1845. -He was a Whig until the R"pub- 
 lican party started, when he became identified with 
 them, and has always remained with them. He has 
 held the office of constable for twenty years, and dep- 
 uty sheriff of Monroe county for ten years. Is a 
 member of the Episcopal church. 
 
 FRANCIS W ENDEL, a farmer of Erie, was born 
 in Germany, February 28, 1817. Came to America in 
 1840 and settled in "Monroe county. Married Eliza- 
 beth Felger in February, 1839; she was born in Ger- 
 many, June 4, 1S19. Their children are: John C, 
 born November 31, 1839, died August 29, 1861; Eliz- 
 abeth, born December 31, 1841; John, January 1, 1844, 
 died November 25, 1865; Frank, born July 1, 1815; 
 John IL, b)rn May 19, 1848; Catherine, born March 
 28, 1851; Mnry A., born December 39, 1853. His bus- 
 iness is farming. 
 
 FREBiCIIXO"WP« XOWKJSHIP. 
 
 PAUL BECHBERGER was born in Germany, Jan- 
 uary 28, 1838, and came to Frenchtowu in 1866. He 
 
 gets his mall at Monroe. His parents are Valentine 
 and Catherine (Wise) Bechberger. At Wyandotte, 
 November 27, 18"6, he was married to Mary, daugh- 
 ter of Ferdinand and Margaret (Islnger) Steiner. 
 
 GEORGE FIX, a farmer of Frencbtown, was born 
 in France, jSIarch 5, 1836; came to America and set- 
 tled in Monroe county In 1828, with his father. Mar- 
 ried Adaline Nedan, of Monroe, Mav 15, 1854. She 
 was born May 22, 1838, and died January 3, 1860. Her 
 children are : Adaline, born February 14, 1855, and 
 died in infancy; Sarah E., born June 5. 1856, died 
 October 19, 1888; .loseph G., horn September 19, 18.58; 
 John, born November 25, 18.59, died May 10, 1860. 
 He married his second wife, Julia Decauter, of Mon- 
 roe, May 19, 1860. She was born in October, 1849, 
 and died July 27, 1872. Her children are: George, 
 born March 19, 1861; Moses, born April 17, 1862; Oc- 
 tiavo born June 24, 1864; Isadore, born June 6, 
 1856; Dorathy, born June 37, 1869. He married his 
 third wife, Julia Robert, January 13, 1873. She was 
 born April 8, 1849. Her children are: Wallace, born 
 November 26, 1873; Catharine, March 7, 1874; Mary F., 
 born December 19, 1875; Clarence, born October 15, 
 1877, died March 3, 1880; Liona, horn January 4, 
 1880, died January 30, 1883; Edward, born January 
 20, 1883; Leona M., born May 31, 1884; Agnes, born No- 
 vember 13. 1886, died January 31, 1889; Lewis, born 
 May 13, 1889, died September 17, 1889. Mr. Fix has 
 been a farmer lor 44 years. 
 
 JOSEPH HYOTT, son of Elias and Pauline (Sear) 
 Hyott, was born In Maine February 10, 1826. and 
 came to Frencbtown in 1837. At Brest, January 23, 
 1855, he married Adeline, daughter of Tusant and 
 Genevieve (Bnrk)Soleau. He enlisted at Monroe, Sept. 
 5, 1864, and was mustered out June 2, 1865. His 
 chilpren are : Henry, born Nov. 29, 18.55; David, born 
 July 39. 1857; Frank, born Feb. 20. 1859; Louise, born 
 March 20, 1861, now deceased; Mary, born Nov. 9. 
 1867. His address is Newport. 
 
 ELON G. MATTESON is the son of Oliver and Ar- 
 dllla (Davis) Matteson: was born in 1803, and Decern 
 ber 3, 1837, was married to Julia, daughter of Linus 
 and Lydla (Andiews) Cowles. He has seven children, 
 and is a well known farmer jn Frencbtown, where for 
 seven years he was supervisor of the township. His 
 postoffice is at Mouroe. 
 
 IDA TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ADDISON BRAINAKD, a farmer of Ida, was born / 
 in Vermont, Dec. 1, 1814 ; came to Monroe county in 
 1836. Married Elizabeth Andrews, July 4, 1S43; she 
 was born in England Dec. 26, 1819. Their ehildreii 
 are: Lucretia J., born June 2, 1844, died Feb. 29, 
 1864; Francis, born Oct. 4, 1846; Cora W., born Aug. 
 31,1848; Mary A., born March 2, 1850; Samuel S, 
 born Aug. 4, 1854. Addison Brainard is a Republi- 
 can; was town clerk three years, commissioner of 
 highway for eight years; member of the M. E. church. 
 Broommaker by trade. 
 
 SETH C. BRONSON, a farmer of Ida, was born in 
 New York State, March 19, 1816, and came to Monroe 
 county in 1837. Married Julia Owen, Feb. 23, 1834; 
 she was born in New Y'ork State, Aug;. 24, 1813, and 
 died Dec. 9, 1853; had one child. Frank, born Feb. 9, 
 1847. He married his second wife, Alvira Johnston, 
 April 30, 1854; she was born Oct. 1, 1829; her children 
 living are: Julia, born March 20, 1855; Olive M., 
 born July 6, 1857; Don O., born July 13, 18G0. Mr. . 
 Bronson has always been a farmer. 
 ' JOHN COREY, a farmer of Ida, was born in Eng- 
 land, Aug. 19, 1826; came to America In 18.35, and 
 settled in Monroe county in 1867. Married Lucinda 
 Richardson Feb. 2, 1856; she was born in Ma.ssachu- 
 setta July 12, 1831. Their children are: Richard, 
 Ada, John, Samuel and Fred. He has always been 
 a farmer. 
 
PERSONAL HTSTORIES. 
 
 23 
 
 JOHX DENTAL was born at Rotoch, Germany, in 
 ]S20. He came to America in 1847, and settled in 
 the township of Ida, Monroe county, Mich., where 
 he was married in ISoOto Kmily Owen, by whom he 
 lias had nine children, eif;ht of whom are now livinj,'. 
 The first few years of his residence in this county 
 were spent as a common laliorer, and asa result of his 
 industry and savine he now owns one hundred acres 
 of choice land, all improved, with fine residence an<i 
 good outbuildings, a large portion of which he took 
 up in its natural state and has brought it to its pres- 
 ent state of perfection. 
 
 PAUL DIXOFF, a farmer of Ida township, was 
 born in Germany Jan. 27, I SI 7; came to America in 
 IS-IC), and settled in Monroe county. Married Cath- 
 erine Gregerich May L'7, IS4('i; she was born in Ger- 
 many .\ug. 1.'), 181:!. Their children are: .lo.seph, 
 born Oct. 24, IS.51; Paul, born April .">. ].S.5o; William, 
 born May 3, lSo(5; Anna, born April 17, l.S(il. He is 
 a Democrat, a mendier of the Catholic church. 
 
 JESSE FHAKY was born in the town of Lodi, 
 Seneca county, >.". Y., in IS-'iO. In ISoU the family 
 came to Michigan and located in Lenawee county. 
 In 1S()1 they went to St. Joseph county, and from 
 there Jesse came to Monroe county, locating in the 
 township of Ida and settled on the farm of SO acres of 
 which he is now part owner, and where he now 
 resides, lie was married in 1875 to Miss Julia Man- 
 warren, a native of Chenango county, X. Y., whu.se 
 parents, David and Eliza Manwarren, came west 
 about the year 1844. Jesse and Julia have four 
 daughters. 
 
 JOHN (iANSLER. In lS.-)4 Lewis and Mary Ann 
 Gansler left tlicir native country (Germany) and came 
 to America, and on arriving here settled permanently 
 in the township of Ida, Monroe county, Mich. John 
 Gansler was born at sea on the passage of his parents 
 to America. He was marrie<l in iss-i to Miss Lucinda 
 \Vesterbarger. They have one child. He now owns 
 51 acres of land near Lulu Station, in township of 
 Ida, where he now resides. 
 
 X. GEIGER, a farmer of Iila, was born in Ger- 
 many Feb. 12, 1825; came to America in 18.',2 and set- 
 tled in -Monroe county. Married Lena Newcomb in 
 ISoO; she was born in Germany Feb. 11, 1831. Their 
 children are: Lena, born Aug. 18, 18.58; Antoni', 
 born July 14, 18ii2; Lizzie, born Oct. 14, 18(15; 
 Josephine, born March 28, 18(i7; Frank, born Nov. 28, 
 1870 He is a member of the Catholic church. 
 
 CHARLES F. (lERE was born in the town i>f 
 Sparta. Livingston county. N. Y., in 18.5.5. He came 
 to Michigan in 187'.» and located in Mecosta county, 
 and remained there until 18s2. He then went to 
 Newaygo county, and from thence came to Monroe 
 county in 1885, locating in the township of Ida, on 
 the 40 acres of land that he now <i\vns and occupies. 
 His parents were John and Polly Gere, of Sparta, 
 N. \. He married Mi.ss I^dna Palmer, of Newaygo 
 county, Mich. They have two children. 
 
 JOSEPH E. GILD.VY, a son of John and Mary 
 Gildav. was born in the township of LaSalle, Monroe 
 countv. Mich., 1848. He was married in 1878 to Mi.ss 
 Ellen Nester, of Toledo, Ohio. They have five chil- 
 dren. He came to the township of Ida in 1878, and 
 located on the farm of 80 acres on whi<:h he now 
 resides. He has served as assessor four years, town- 
 ship clerk three years, superintendent of schools two 
 years, and was elected supervisor in 1882, and now 
 holds that ollice. 
 
 BENJAMIN GEHWICK.afarmerof Ida, was born 
 in Germany July 17, 1S33; came to America in 184f> 
 and settled in ".Monroe county. S!arried Barbara 
 Lesh Feb. 4, 1802; she was born' in Germany Sept. 3, 
 1843. Their children are: Frank, born Aprd 18, 
 1803; Lizzie, born Aug. 19, 1804; Mary, Oct. 18, 1806; 
 
 William, June 10, 1,SG0; Tillie, Aug. 25, 1S71; Benja- 
 min. Dec. 2, 1873; John, Jan. 11, 1875; Peter, July 5, 
 187S; Clara, July 25. 1880; Anna, Aug. 15, 1883. 'Uo 
 is a Democrat; member of the Catholic church. 
 
 FREDERICK HEIIL, a farmer of Ida, was born 
 in Germany April 27, 1821; came to America in 1846, 
 anil settled in Monroe countv in I84"J. Married 
 Barbara Hoiick Sept. 2.!, 1840; she was born in Ger- 
 many Aug. 0, 1S33. Their children are: Christina, 
 born Oct. 12. 18.50,died March 1, 1880; Frederick, Feb. 
 11, 18.53; John, Dec. I. 1855; Maggie, Feb. 3, 1859; 
 Rickey, Jan. 1, 1>.(>2; Charley. Mav 4, 18(>4; Christof, 
 Jan. 15, 1807; Caroline, Aug. 5, 1870. He is a Demo- 
 crat; a member of the Lutheran church. 
 
 PHILLIP 1 1. VK WICK was born in Herkimer 
 ciiunty, N. Y.. in 1810. His ]>arent8were Abramand 
 Margaret Harwick. The family removed to Monroe 
 county, N. Y . and thence to' Cattaraugus county, 
 and from there in 18:;(i they came to Monroe county, 
 Mich., locating in the southwest corner of tlie town- 
 ship of Ma. They brought their own team of 
 horses, occupying two weeks' time in making the 
 trip. They took up 00 acres of wilil land, and were 
 obliged to make their own roail a portion of the way 
 to get to it. The parents died on this farm. Phillip 
 Harwick now owns 05 acres of the original farm, 
 on which be now resides. He married in ISCl 
 Miss Margaret Denen, a native of England. They 
 have four children. 
 
 JACOB HENRY was born in Dauphin county. Pa., 
 in 1830. His parents were George and Mary Henrv, 
 who came with their family toMonroc> countv, Midi., 
 in 18-54 and settled in the town of La Salle. " In 1801 
 Mr. Henry removed to the townshi)> of Ida, and 
 lo.cated on the farm of Talcott E. Wing for three 
 years. In 1804 he purchased the farm where he now 
 resides. He was married in 1854 to Miss Eleanor 
 Yarger, of Ida. They have four children. He has 
 served si.\ years as commissioner of highways, school 
 director eleven years, assessf«r, etc. 
 
 FRANKLIN 15. JONES, a doctor of Ida, was born 
 in Raisinville, Monroe county, March IS, 1.S44. Mar- 
 ried Jane A. Russell, of Petersburgh, Mich., Dec. 1, 
 1808; she Wiis born April 23, 1844. Their children 
 are: Hester Mary, born Aug. 31, 1800, ilied July 
 10. 1880, of nervous prostration ; Estella L., born Dec. 
 24, 1872; Isnian R.. born Jan. 1.3, 1874; Frank E., 
 born May 7, 1883. 
 
 EDWARD KAPER, a farmer of Ida, was born in 
 Germany A]>ril 0, Ksl8; came to .\merica in 18,54 and 
 settled in Monroe county. Married Mary Gartner, of 
 • iermany, Nov. 30, 1840; she was born March 1, 1827. 
 Their children are: Emil W., born .Sept. 21,1850; 
 Anna E., born Oct. 4, 18.52; Bertha M., born Dec. 23, 
 1857; Carl F., born Nov. 10, 18.50, dieil Feb. 17, 1803; 
 (Just. W. F., born Sept. 17, 1801; Rudolph C, born 
 June 3, 1807. Mr. Kaper is a glovemakerby trade. 
 
 JOSEPH LAUER, a farmer of Ida township, was 
 horn in Germany April 10, 1821; came to America in 
 1.S43 and settled in Monroe county. Married Jlagde- 
 lena Stiner in 1S51; she was born in (iernianv .Ian. 
 10, 18:{0. Their children are : Mary E., born Dec. 2, 
 1854; Charles, born July I, 18-52; John, born Sept. 20, 
 1802; Josejih, born Jan. 15, lsO,s. He has been farm- 
 ing 44 years; has 200 acres of land. 
 
 JOHN M.XRTIN, a merchant of Ida, was born in 
 St. Clair county, Mich.. Oct. 20, 18.52, and settled in 
 Monroe Co. in' 1800. .Married Anna Myers, of Ida, 
 Dec. 10, 1872; she was born Nov. 20, 1854; have three 
 cbililren: (Jeorge E.,born Dec. 11, 1873; John R.,Oct. 
 2.5, 1877; Herbert C, born Nov. 7, 1880. He is a Re- 
 publican; has been township clerk one year, a.ssistant 
 postmaster three years. 
 
 HENRY MA.'^ON was a native of Monroe county, 
 N. Y. He married Malinda Brighton, by whom he 
 
24 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 hail one Sdii, Win. H. Mason, now of tlie township of 
 Ida, Monroe county, Midi. Mr. Mason, tlie fatlier, 
 came to Micliigan in 1835, and located in the town- 
 siiip of Bedford, where he took up 80 acres of wild 
 land, afterwards adding SO acres thereto. He served 
 as a member of the State legislature one term. He 
 held some office most of the time during the busi- 
 ness part of his life. He died in Bedford in 18()7. 
 Wm. H. Mason, his son, was born in Bedford in 
 18li5, and lived there until 1882, then purchased 
 and moved on to the farm of 102 acres in the town- 
 ship of Ida, wliere ho now resides. He married Miss 
 Christina Klinck, nf Bedford. They have eight 
 children. He was chosen and elected a magistrate 
 in and for tlic township of Ida in 1887, but declined 
 to qnalifv. 
 
 CHAKLES MILLER, a resident of the town of 
 Ida, was born in Germany in 1841; came to this 
 country in 1870, locating first at Toledo, and from 
 thence settled in the town of Ida, Monroe county, 
 Mich., in 1871, where in the same year he was mar- 
 ried to Mrs. Pophia Albright, relict of Frederick 
 Albright, by whom he has one daughter. 
 
 EDWIN MOSES came to Monroe county, Mich., 
 in 1853. He was a native of Seneca county, N. Y. 
 His parents were Franklin and Susan Moses, of the 
 town of Fayette. Seneca count}', N. Y., whore he was 
 born in 1829. He first located at Raisinville, Monroe 
 county, Mich., and from there removed to Ida in 
 1868, locating at Lulu, where he now resides. He 
 was married in 1804 to Miss May West, a daughter of 
 Henry Y. and Harriet West, bv whom he has two 
 children. He enlisted in 1861 i'n Co. F, 15tli Mich. 
 Inf., and was discharged in 1862; was in the battles 
 of Pittsburg Landing and Farmington; is a member 
 of Joseph R. Smith Post, No. 70, G. A. R. 
 
 JOHN PORTER was born in England in 18.50, and 
 came to this country in childhood. He was brought 
 to Monroe county, Mich,, in lfi57 from Rochester, 
 N. Y., and soon after returned there, but in 1871 he 
 located at Cleveland, O., where he was married in 1872 
 to Miss .\bbie Cooley, of that city, by whom he has 
 four children. From Cleveland he returned to 
 Rochester, N. Y., and then again in 1880 returned to 
 Monroe county, Midi., locating at Rockwood, and 
 from thence to Bedford, where he purchased a farm. 
 Remained there until 18(i(i, then came to Morocco, 
 in the township of Ida, and engaged in mercantile 
 business; was made postmaster in 1886 and still holds 
 the office. 
 
 JAMES RICHARDSON, who died January 4, 
 1883, was born in England May 24, 1823; came to 
 America in 1846, and settled in Monroe county. 
 Married Mary Bradley March 24, 1846; she was born 
 in England May 20, 1825. Their children are : 
 Bradley W., born Jan. 5, 1847; Fred A., born Feb. 7, 
 184;>, died Sept. 7, 1850; Benjamin F.. born Aug. 9, 
 1851; Horten.se, born Dec. 27, 1854; Emma M., born 
 Dec. 14, 1857; James, born May 14, 1850, died Dec. 
 16, 1872; Minnie L., born Nov. 26, 1861; Addison J., 
 born May 2, 1864; Eugene J., born June 16, 1867. 
 Mr. Richardson was a cabinetmaker by trade. He 
 was a Republican; was clerk six years. Ida P.O. 
 
 MICHAEL SCHLUMP, a farmer of Ida, was born 
 in Germany Feb. 2, 1833; came to America in 1856 
 and settled in Monroe county. Married Mary Wort 
 in December, 1854; she was born in Germany April 
 J, 1835. Their children are : John, Andrew, William 
 and Louisa. He was drafted in the 9th Mich. Inf., 
 Co. I, Sept. 5, 1864, and was mustered out of service 
 June 20, 1865. He is a Rex)ublican, and is a member 
 of the Lutheran Church. 
 
 JOHN H. STOTZ, a merchant of Ida, was born in 
 Germany Aug. 17, 1848; came to America in 1860, 
 and settled in Monroe county in 1866 with his 
 parents. His father, George P. Stotz, was born in 
 
 Germany Sept. S, 1824, and dieil in Ida Feb. 8, 1886; 
 his mother was born in Germany July 9. 1820, and 
 died in Ida Nov. 12, 1884. Mr. Stotz has been in the 
 dry goods busiiuss in Ida for 17 years. 
 
 JOHN W. STRACK, a farmer of Ida, was born in 
 Germany March 3, 1837; came to America in 1854 and 
 settled in Monroe county in 1862. Married to 
 Jennetta EschenroderOct. 19, 1862; she was born in 
 Germany May 13, 1840. Their children are: AVil- 
 liam, born Dec. 12, 1863; Frederick M., born Dec. 20, 
 1865; Mary J., born Sept. 29, 1869; Henry P., born 
 Sept. 3, 1876. He was engaged in the brewing busi- 
 ness while in Germany, but since residing in this 
 country he has been farming. 
 
 CHAS. F. STREETER, a lawyer of Ida, was born 
 in Germany Feb. 8, 1826; came to America in 1836 
 and settled in Monroe county in 1840. Married to 
 Eva Hochradel, of Monroe, in April, 1852. Their 
 children living are ; John C. F., Masrgie, wife of Jacob 
 Hartman, of Toledo, O. He enlisted in the 9th Micli. 
 Cav., Co. G, May 1, 1863, and was mustered out in 
 the fall of 1865. He served in the field six months 
 and was disabled at Blains Cross Roads. Tennessee, 
 afterwards served as assistant hospital steward; is a 
 member of William Bell Post, of Dundee. He is a 
 Democrat; has been justice of the peace 10 years, at 
 present is in the furniture and undertaking business. 
 
 JOSEPH TEALL, a son of Asaph and Sophronia 
 Teall, and a grandson of Dr. Nathan Teall, a native 
 of England, was born at Geneva, Ontario county, 
 N. Y., in 1824. His parents came to Monroe county, 
 Mich., when he was eight years old (in 18:32), the 
 family locating in the township of Erie, where the 
 father, Asaph Teall, died in 1879. He served as a 
 teamster in the Toledo War. Joseph Teall has been 
 twice married. His first wife was Miss Mary S. Van- 
 dercook, of Erie, to whom he was married in 1846, 
 and by whom he has four children now living. She 
 died in 18.54. He next married Miss Adeline Brown, 
 of Dundee, his present wife. Mr. Teall came to the 
 township of Ida in 1854, and for seven years worked 
 as a common laborer. In 1861 he purchased the 
 farm of 80 acres oh which he now resides, of R. 
 O'Connor; he now owns 85 acres. At the age of 21 
 he was elected constable in Erie township, and 
 served 12 years, and has held the office of commis- 
 sioner of highways 12 years, and has also served as 
 a magistrate 24 years, and still holds that office. 
 
 SMITH TODD, a farmer of Ida, was born in Bel- 
 mont county, Ohio, April 28, 1869. Married Eliza- 
 beth Lewis Dec. 20, 1853; she was born in Crawford 
 county, Ohio, June 19, 1831. Their children are: 
 Jennie, born Aug. 31, 1854; Amelia, born Feb. 25, 
 1857; Mary E., born Oct. 14, 1858; Alice, born Oct. 
 21, 1860; Clement L. V., born Sept. 11. 18(i3. Mr. 
 Todd is a Democrat; has been justice of the jieace 
 for four years; was county recorder of Crawford 
 county, Ohio, for six years. 
 
 WILLIAM TRACY was born at Canandaigna, 
 Ontario county, N. Y., in 1829. He came to Monroe 
 county, Mich., in 1836 with his uncle, Gabriel 
 Ketcham. He first located in township of Bedford, 
 and has lived in the townships of Bedford, Whiteford 
 and Erie up to 1860. He then located in the township 
 of Ida, on forty acres of land, where he now resides. 
 He was married in 1854 to Miss Martha Mortimore, 
 of Erie township, by whom he has three children. 
 
 SI^lEON VAN AKIN, a farmer of Ida, was born 
 in Lenawee county. Mich., Oct. 14, 1842, and settled 
 in Ida in 1867. Married Charlotte Southwick, of 
 Ida, Jan. 15, 1867; she was born Jan. 13, 1839; have 
 two children : Lee, born July 9, 1868, and Clara, 
 born Dec. 18, 1880. He enlisted in the First Regi- 
 ment U. S. Sharp-Shooters, Co. C, Aug. 23, 1862, and 
 was in all the battles with his regiment. He is a 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 25 
 
 Republican; has Iieen supprvisor five yeare; iiostnias- 
 ter two years. 
 
 AUGUSTUS AVKISKI., ))n.«tor of the German 
 Lutlieran diurch of Ida, was born in Stra.sbnr)r. 
 Germany, March 4, 1S3S; came to .\merica in \SV.i, 
 settled in Monroe county in IsTii. He marrieil 
 Jennie Bueri.'er, of Wasliincton, !>.('., .Jnlv •">. istl.'). 
 She was born in Budalo, N. Y., Feb. L', i.s47, an.l 
 died Jan. 7, 1S7l': had three children: Kmanuel, 
 born Sept. II, ]S(i7; Atrnes. born Keb. 1.'2, IMHI; 
 Tabitha, born Oct. !), 1870. He married hi.*: second 
 wife, Minnie (iram, of Bullalo, N. Y., July 2:!, 1.872; 
 she was born Sept. 4, 1S4.'). Their children are: 
 Theodore, born March .'>, ls7(i; Dura I)., Sept. 2.S, 
 1,S7.S; Mary M.. born March 11, l^Sd; Eunice, born 
 June -'S, ISSJ; John, born July 7, 1SS4. He lia.«been 
 preaching since l.si):5. 
 
 HENRY Y. WEST was born in Washinglon 
 county, N. Y., in 1S1.5. His parent.s, Andrew and 
 Elizabeth (Younglove) West, left Washington county, 
 N. Y., in the winter of 1817-lcS and removed to 
 Christian county. Ky., where they remained until 
 1827, and then with an ox team removed to Detroit, 
 Mich. In l.'i27 they located in Oakland county, 
 making a short stay at Birmingham. In the fall of 
 18211 look up 40 acres of wild land in the town of 
 Southfield, and soon after built a tannery, the first 
 in that locality. Henry Y. left the family here and 
 struck out for himself, and worked about one year 
 in a saw mill, five miles north of where the village of 
 Flint now stands.and from thence went toShiawassei! 
 county. He was married in 18:i!i to Miss Harriet 
 Gook, of Delaware county, Ohio, and they have 
 seven children now living. In 1840 he located in 
 Detroit; in the fall of 18.5:1 came to the town of Ida, 
 Monroe county, and took up 40 acres of wild land at 
 what is now Lulu, on the Toledo, Ann Arbor and 
 North Michigan Railway, being the first settler of 
 that locality. In lss4 iie wa.s made postmaster at 
 Lulu, and nciW holds that ofhce. Has always taken 
 a lively interest in church matters, estal>lishing the 
 first meetinsr at Lulu by keeping a minister for two 
 years mostly at his expense. 
 
 LASALLE XOWPiSHIP. 
 
 C'HARLK.^ DKNNINGER, a farmer of LaSalle, was 
 born in Monroe county, July 28. 183:i. Married Mar- 
 garet Yoas, November 1, IK.ii. She was liorn in Ger- 
 many, Julv 15, 1837. Their children are: Carrie, bnrn 
 March 10, "I8.'j7: Augusta, February 6. 18.-)!); Charles, 
 November 2, 1801; Mary, Janunrv 1, 1861; Lizzie, 
 October 1, 1800; Rickey, May 130, ISBO; Maggie, born 
 January 14, 1872; Julia, May 21. 1874; Willie, March 
 30, 1877; George, January 19. 1880. died January 21, 
 1880; Freddie, April 1.5, 1881. Mr. Dunuinger has 
 alwiiys hccn a farmer. His family are members of the 
 Lutheran church. 
 
 PETER DUSSEAU is a farmer of LaSalle; was 
 horn in .Monroe county, Oclohcr 8. 18;i"). Married to 
 Elizabeth Cullev. November 14, 1842. Their children 
 are: Anna, born September 13, 18i;i; John, February 
 14, 1803; Peter. Novemhcr 8, 180J, who died in in- 
 fancv; Alhcrl, horn January 14, 1800: Clara, Oclohcr 
 10, 1808; Oscar, January 1, 1870, d cd in Oclohcr, 1874; 
 Daniel and Calhrine (twins), horn January 13, le73; 
 Francis, May 20, 1877; Benjimin, October 23, 1880. 
 Mr. Dusfeau is a Democrat. He is at present town- 
 ship treasurer, and also engaged in farming. 
 
 JOHN W. GILDAY, afarmerof LaSalle township, 
 ■was born in Ireland, .\pril, 1821; came to America in 
 1S33, and settled in Monroe county, where he now re- 
 sides. Married Mary Collins, July 1.5, 1847. She was 
 boru in Monroe, Novembers, 1830, the result ol their 
 marriage being ten children, nine living: Josc'ph, Fan- 
 nie, George, Elizabeth, Annie, James, Frank, Theresa, 
 
 Jennie and William. Has 335 acres of hand in LaSalle 
 township. 
 
 CODFROID HKCK. a farmer of LaSalle, was born 
 in Germany, Septembers, 1826; came to Americi. in ■ 
 1829. and settlcci in Monroe coiinly, wlierc lie now re- 
 sides. Married Julian Knah, Septcndier 15, 18.50 She 
 was horn in Monroe county, August 4. 1.833. They 
 have fourlecu children, ten livini:: Kale, horn Au'.'usl 
 23, 1851; Lena, born January 14. 18.5:!. dic<l March 14, 
 1853; Christian, horn Fibruarv 3. 1854; Louisa, born 
 July 11, 1850. died August 2, f8."i(i; M.iggie. born F. h- 
 ruary 11, 1858, died March 2. 18.58; John, born Feliru- 
 ary 9, 1859; Mary, horn .luly 7, 1802: Charles, born 
 April 1, 1804: Minnie, born June 7, l'<(>0; Emmn, horn 
 January 17. 1809; Maggie, bom .\pril 15, 1871, died 
 November 28, 1872; Liddie. burn April 28, 1873; 
 Rickey, born July 5. 1875; Emanuel, horn March 22, 
 1877. He has been farming for three years. 
 
 CIIiRLES KNAB. a farmer of LaSalle, who died 
 September 17, 1880, was horn in Germany, June 27, 
 1817; came to America in 1828. and setllecl in Monroe 
 county. Married Margaret Lealir. Novcinldr, 1841. 
 She was born in Germany. Decemlicr-0. 1019. Their 
 children are: Julia, horn August 22, 1812; .Mary, born 
 Octobers. 1844; Charles, born March 11, 1847; Simeon, 
 born March 18, 1849; William, born June 3. 1851, died 
 July 7, 1851; Calhrine, horn Deceinbir 0, 1852; Susan, 
 May 3. 1855. died November 10, 1873; Geo.ge. born 
 April 2, 18.58; Minnie, July 11, 1862. He was i Demo- 
 crat ; superintendent of the poor two terms; justice of 
 peace two veais. 
 
 GEORGE KNAB, a farmer of LaSalle. was born in 
 Germany. June 19, 1821; came to Americii in 1830, 
 and s-ttled in Monroe county. Married Susan Meyer 
 in 1847. She was born in Germany in 1814. and died 
 in Monroe county. November 17, 186:}. They had six 
 children: Jacob, born October 2, 1848; George, born 
 December 11, 1849: Cathrine, born July 6, 1851: John, 
 born January 12, 1854: Charles, horn Novemh-T .30, 
 18.55: Susan, born June 5, 18.58. For his .second wife 
 he married Pbebe Christcna, June 9, 1805. She was 
 born December 7, 1840, and has two children: Emma, 
 born October 17, 1805; Matilda, born July 13. 1871. 
 He is a Democrat, and member of Ihe Lutheran 
 church. 
 
 GEORGE KNAB, Jr., a farmer of LaSalle, was 
 bore in Monroe county, April 8, 184)*. Married Chris- 
 tina Ott, of Monroe City. October 26, 1805. She was 
 horn January 20, 1815. They have rive children: Liz- 
 zie, born August 24, 1800: George, born t)cIober 21, 
 1.H08; Emila, born March 28, 1872; Theodore, born 
 April 21, 1875: Julia, born October 11, 1877. Mrs. 
 Knab's motlier. Catlirine Ott, is still living wiih her. 
 She was horn in Cermany, June 14, 1819. Mr. Knah 
 is a blacksmith by lr;ide. 
 
 DANIEL Kl'.MMEUER, a farmer of LaSalle, was 
 born in Pennsylvania, December 10, 1831. and cauie 
 to Monroe county in 1807. Married to Mary D;nly, of 
 Ireland, June 25, 18.50. Their children are: Elward, 
 born April 18, 1857, and died Deceniln r 34. 1883; Wil- 
 liam, born .Vugust 8, 1859; John, b rn January 10. 
 1804; George, born February 22, I'^ilO. Mr. Kuiu- 
 nierei is a miller by tr.ade. 
 
 HIRAM LEONARD, a farmer of LaSalle, who died 
 January 18, 1881, was born in New York Stale, April 
 18, 1820, and settled in Monroe county m 1h;J7. Jlar- 
 ried Miranda Webb, .May !•. 1840. She was horn in 
 New York Stale, April 14. 1827. Their children are: 
 Alson, born April 2, 1847: William, horn May 9. 1849, 
 died May 28, 1850; Phocl-e. horn August 21, 18.53; 
 Acelia. born February 9, 1855; Jeanneltc, horn April 
 3, 185l>; Sophia, horn June 2, I860; Willis, horn Sep- 
 tember 3, 1802; Norris, born .May 9, I860, died March 
 1. 1870. He was a Democrat, lie was township 
 treasurer for four years. 
 
 A. J. MORSE, who died August 21, 1861, was a resi- 
 dent of LaSalle lownship. He was born in New York 
 
26 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 State, June 8, 1818. and settled in Monroe county in 
 
 1861. Married to Ellen U. Skinner, April 1. 184!). "She 
 was born in New Haven, Huron counly, Ohio, May 4, 
 18S0. They Iiave eight children, Jill livins: John.I., 
 horn May 8, 1850: Ida M., born November 25. 1851: 
 Hetta E., linrn Decembers, 1853; Frank L., bnrn Au- 
 gust 31, 1855; Charles L , born October 9, 1S57; Lucy 
 E., born October 5, 1859; Don R., born Marcli 18, 
 1863; and A. .J., jr., born February 10, 1864. His 
 business was farniinc. 
 
 HENRY PAXTON is a resident of LaSalle town- 
 ehip; was born in Canada, December 7, 1831, and set- 
 tled in Monroe county in 1833. He was a sailor on 
 Lake Erie for four years; then kept the Monroe liKht- 
 hou.'e for eight years. At present he is engaged in 
 fi.-liing and farming. 
 
 JAMES REYNOLDS, a wagon maker of LaSalle, 
 was born in New Y'ork State, December 23, 1831; set. 
 tied in Monroe county in 1847. Married Sarah J. 
 Eddy, of Monroe City. September 2, 18.57. She was 
 born September 30, 1833, in Virginia. Their children 
 are: Nellie, born May 2, 1858; Lnviah, born March 12. 
 1860, died in infancy; James M., born February 23, 
 1862; 8telbi, born .January 7, 1864; Anna, born April 
 28, 1866; Arthur, born November 9, 1869; Edgar, born 
 August 31. 1873; Henry, b irn March 13, 1875, died in 
 infancy; Willie, torn May 31, 1879. He is a Repub- 
 lican; was postmaster ten years; school director two 
 years. 
 
 ORRIN G. SMITH, a farmer of LaSalle township, 
 was born in New York Slate, Janunry 21, 1836, and 
 settled in Monroe county, October 25. 1835. Married 
 Sarah White. July 23, 1855. She was born in Ohio, 
 March 28, 1841. Their children are: Martha, born July 
 21, 1861, died M:iy 23, 1862; Sella, born April 18, 1863; 
 Charles, born Febrmry 25, 1866. He is a Democrat; 
 has been school director for six years; postmaster for 
 fifteen years. Postofflce address, LaSalle. 
 
 LOXDON TO'WXSHIP. 
 
 HORATIO N. ALLISON, Jr , farmer, of London, 
 WHS born in Murray. Oileans county, N. Y., May 21, 
 1849. His parents came lo Michigan, but owing to 
 sickness of the family had to return to New York 
 State. In 1857 they returned to Michigan, located in 
 London, living here until 1883, when they moved to 
 Dakota. Horatio worked on a farm in the s-ummer, 
 and for three winters in the pine forests. In 1875 he 
 purchased 40 acres of Idud in Lon Ion. December 36, 
 1875, be married Alice A. DeVee, of London. She 
 was born December 27, 1858, in Dundee, Mich. Two 
 children have b-'en horn lo them, Albert, b'irn Sep. 
 tember 17, 1876 and Warren Lloyd, born March 23, 
 1883, 
 
 Ef.EAZER BARNES, of London, a retired fanner, 
 and pioneer of Monroe county, was born June 10, 1807, 
 hi I'iltsfoid, Vt, In 1833 cime to Michigan, Novem- 
 ber 21, ls:j3, he received a deed from Black Hawk 
 Rankins, of 80 acres of laud. In 1835 he purchased 
 80 acres more, and erected one of the first frame 
 houses in the townsh'p. February 28, 1836, married 
 Calista Throop. of London, who was born June 10, 
 1812. Four children were born to them. Mrs. Barnes 
 died November 11. 1863. In 1851 Mr. Barnes was a 
 member of the State Legislature for one term. In 
 18.38 was made m^niber of the board of supervisors 
 of Monroe counly. Has been a great politician in 
 his early days. His son, Dorr, is oue of the leading 
 farmers of Milan, and has held the office of supervisor 
 and several other offices. 
 
 JESSE AND LEWIS G. BEVERLY', active farmers 
 of London. Jesse was born September 6, 1834, and 
 Lewis April 24, 1844, both at Loudon. September, 
 
 1862, Lewis G. enlisted in Co. E, 7th Mich. Vol. 
 Cavalry ; on account of sickness was discharged 
 
 flbout March, 1863. He re enlisted September 24, 
 
 1864, in Co. H, 18th Mich. Vol. Inf. Was in the 
 battles of Decatur, Nashville, where Hood made bis 
 raid ; also in the skirmishes with the guerillas at 
 Peach Cirove. Was discharged with the regiment in 
 
 1865. Lewis was married May 10, 1866, with Sarah 
 E. Russ. of Augusta, Mich., who was born March 23, 
 1846. Died March 1, 1873 One child was born 
 to them. Their farm they now own , Andrew Jack- 
 son signed the deed for it. Their father died in 1859. 
 mother 1867. Lewis is a member of Lucius Taylor 
 Post, No. 274, G. A. R., at Milan. 
 
 GEO. A. BIRD, a farmer of London, was born in 
 Wayne county, Mich., January 7th, 1862. His father, 
 Isaac Bird, was born in England, coming to America 
 when five years old, and going to live in Ontario 
 county, making that his home until bis 12th year, 
 when he came to Wayne county, and ri sided there 
 ever since. His mother wps born in Ohio. His 
 father's family consisted of six sons and one daughter. 
 Gtorge being the fourth son of the family. George's 
 early life was spent at home until his 31st year. April 
 1, 1885, he married Hatiie Fritz, of Detroit, Mich. 
 She was born September 1, 1859, in Delaware, N, J. 
 In the spring of 1885 George and his wife went to 
 live on the farm they now own, and began life for 
 themselves. 
 
 GEORGE BISSELL, of London, was born at 
 Franklin. N. Y'., October 33, 1813. He learned the 
 blacksmith's tr^de in New Y'ork State, In 1837 came 
 to Michigan, Married March 37. 1841, Jane M. Oles, 
 of Adrian, Mich, She was born in 1833, March, 
 1846, Mrs. Bissell died. Had two children. Mr. 
 Bissell returned to New Y'ork, remained uniil 1853, 
 when he came back to London. September 10, 1854, 
 married Maria L, Springer, of London, who was bora 
 at Ru'hford, N. Y., October 10, 1835. Four children 
 were birn to them. Address, London. 
 
 JAMES A. BLACKMER, a general merchant and 
 postmaster of Oakville, was born at Putnam, Conn., 
 November 3, 1833. August 7, 1863, he enlisted in 
 Co. C. 7lh R. I. Inf as priv.ite ; was in the Army of 
 the Potomac, battles of Fredericksburg and White 
 Sulph ir. Was taken with measles at Newport News, 
 Va., and recovered in time to accompany the regiment 
 to Lexington ; here he had a relapse, and was tent to 
 the hospital. In two months he rejoined h s r giraent. 
 He was discharged from service July 13, 1865, by 
 General Order No. 116, of War Department. He re- 
 turned to Rhode Island, and re-engaged \n the lumber 
 business until 1870, when he c.ime to Michigan, 
 purchasing 60 acres of land in London. October, 
 1878, purchased of A. W. Hardy stock of merchandise, 
 and opened his store. In 1879 was appointed post- 
 master. Elected justice of the peace in 1873. Mar- 
 ried Ursula Hall, July 9, 1854, who was born in 
 Connecticut, October 34, 1833. Seven c'.iildren were 
 born to them. Mr Blackmer is member of Lucius 
 Post 374, G. A. R , of Milan. 
 
 MRS. SARAH BOGARDUS, of London, was born 
 in Erie county, N. Y'., September 13, 1810. She came 
 to Michigan with her father in 1857, locating in 
 Newaygo county. In 1858 she married Maiquis 
 Palmer, of London. He was born in Gene ee county, 
 N. Y,, in 1826, died 1877. By this marriage four 
 children were born to them, John, P-'rry, Orlanda, 
 and Cora. All are living excepting Cora, who died 
 December 17, 1886. December 22, 1883. Mrs. Palmer 
 married William Bogardus, of Milan, Mich., whose 
 name she now bears. 
 
 ALEX. BONDY, Jr., of London, was born in 
 Rockwood, Monroe county, November 10, 1856. He 
 lived at home until 15 years old, and sailed on a 
 vessel from Bay City to Toledo, following sailing 
 until the fall of 1883. January 7, 1884, he married 
 Kate Lavougb, of Carlton, Mich. She was born at 
 Rawsonville, Mich., Dec. 14, 1859. After their mar- 
 
PERSONAL niSTORTES. 
 
 27 
 
 riage they lived at Uarllon for a few monllis, then 
 went to London, began farming on a purlion of the 
 Monllon farm, sfclion 29, wlieri' they now reside. 
 One cliild, a girl, has been born to them, Mary SLiggie, 
 born Nov. 21, 1HS.5. 
 
 FHANCIS DEVERE BUTTS, of London, was born 
 at Ypsilinti. Mich, April 24. 1S44. l-Vbrunrv 22, 
 1804. he enlisted in Co. G. 12lh Mich. Vol. Inf., as 
 private, going to Little ]{ock, .\rk. February 1,5, 
 18ti."). was discharged at Camden. Ark. He reiurned 
 to Michigan and engaged in farming. Married in 
 1S70, Eimuagene Head, of Augvisia, .Mich. ■'<he was 
 boru at .Suinpter. January 3. 1S43. Tliey remained at 
 Augusta upon a farm until IST.s, when he e.xohanged 
 the farm for one he now owns at London, Two chil- 
 dren were born to them, Celis-ta and Wallace, Cilista 
 died Aug. 10, ISTIi. 
 
 BENJAMIN F. CALHOUN was born in London, 
 Mich,, O. t. 19, 18.5.">. September :i. 1870, married 
 Amanda Youngs, of London, who was born i^ept. 2, 
 18.')9. One child. Iiena. was born to them January 
 18, 1879. Mr. Calhoun's heullh is poor, he having 
 been crushed by the falling of a log. His farm con- 
 tains 3 acres of land. Address, London. 
 
 JOHN CAVANAGH, farmer of London, was horn 
 in Ireland, Feb. 27, 1S82 ; came to America in 18.53. 
 Sept. 22. isdl, enlisted in Co. D, Mich, Vol. Inf. 
 Married Catherine VViith. of London, in 18t;4. She 
 was born in Pennsylvania, Nov. 24, 1842. Ten chil- 
 dren were born to iliem. Mr. Cavanagli is a merab-T 
 of William Ikll Po^t, G. A. R., of Dundee. 
 
 CHARLES M. COON was born in Oneida county, 
 N. v., April .-,. 1830. Married Sept. 20. 18,51. Laura 
 Austin. He enlisted m Co. D, 23d N. V. Vol. Cav., 
 Feb. 20, 18i5:i, as private. January, 18(1.5. was dis- 
 charged at the close of the war. In 18t)() came to 
 Michiyan. He married his second wife. .Mclica 
 Schuyler. March 2.5, !sfi7, who was born in Ohio, 
 July 10, 1843. Si.\ children were born to them. Mr. 
 Coon is a fanner. Address, London. 
 
 WILLIAM E. CROSBY, farmer of London, Mich,, 
 was born in Canada, March (i, 1804. Came to the 
 States ill 18S0, locating at Ypsilanti. Married Sarah 
 Francis Augustus, of Vpsilan'i, who was born Jan. 
 10. 1868. Mr. Crosby lived in different parts of 
 Mi( higan until 1887, when he purcba.sed 20 acre? of 
 land at London, One child was born to them. Ad- 
 dress, London. 
 
 CHESTER DANIELS was born Feb. 15, 1845. His 
 parents died when he was three years old, and be 
 went to live with a fainilv at Dundee. He enlisted in 
 1S04 for one year. In 18i37 he moved to London, and 
 married Sarali Mover. In 1872 bouglit a farm in Mi- 
 lan, consisting of 10 acres. In 1874 was employed by 
 the Star lii nding Co., of London, for on( and onehaif 
 years. He owns 00 acres of land in London, where 
 be still lives. To them three children were born. Ida 
 B. , Anna and Annis. Mr. Daniels is a Democrat. 
 
 DANIEL L. DeVEE. an active farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born in Rhinebeck, N. \.. Jan. 2.5. 1817. 
 He lived with his parents, John and R-bccca (Shilfer) 
 DeVee, until his 1.5ih year, when lie went to Newark, 
 N. J., to le:irn the shoemaker's trade. When he had 
 completed his trade he sailed on the vessel " Parker," 
 under Capt. William Austin, f>f New Bedford: after 
 this he sailed under Capt. Smi'h. and was gone two 
 years. Returning in tlie fall of 1841. he located on a 
 farm in London. Mich., where he remained three 
 years, atd in 1849 moved to Dundee and opened a 
 boot and shoe house. In the spring of 18-52 he 
 started for California, driving a team all the way, 
 reaching there about the first of September. He re- 
 mained there until the spring of 1S.5:{. then returned to 
 Michigan. In 1855 he went t ) Frenchlown, Monroe 
 county, and worked the farm his father was carrying 
 on for him. He regained there until 1800, when he 
 
 settled in London on the farm of 120 i.crcs where he 
 has since resided. In October, 1841, he married Mary 
 H, Smith, who was born in Si-otland, June 6, 18'33. 
 Ten children have been born to them, all of whom are 
 living. Mr, DeVee has held the ollice of justice of the 
 peace for one term in Dundee, and for one term at 
 London. He was also numinaled in lss4 tor the leg- 
 islature in the Second District, and in IHsti as sheriff 
 in Monroe county, upon the Prohibition ticket, 
 
 DANIEL WRKJIir DkVEE, a >on of Daniel L. 
 DeVee, was born in Dundee. Feb. 20, 18.54. His early 
 life was spent on the firm at Rome. Nov. 8. 1874 he 
 married Louisa Armstrong. She was born in London, 
 Mich., July 18, 18.58. Afier his marriage they moved 
 on a portion of his father's farm and began for them- 
 selves. He afterwards purchased 60 acres. In the 
 summer of 1887 his house was burned, and belore the 
 winter he had erected a new and better home. Three 
 children have been born to them: Daniel L., born 
 Sept. 21, 1875; Harry E.. born Sept. i;J, 1877, and 
 Alpha A., born June 1, 1885. 
 
 JOHN J. DeVEE. a farmer of London, was born in 
 Monroe county. Mich.. Dec. 25, 1844. He enlisted in 
 Co. I, 11th Mich. Vol. Inf., Aug. 24, 1861, Was in the 
 battles of Stone River, Mission Ridge, Buz/.xrd's 
 RoosI, Kcnseaw Mountain and Chickamauga, re- 
 maining with regiment uinil its return to .Michigan, in 
 ]S64. in 1870 be enlisted in the llth U S. Reg. Inf., 
 as private, going to Sulphur Springs, Te.\as, then to 
 Fort Richardson, and Fort Sill, Ind. Tc-r. Was with 
 SIcKenzie in the '72 scout, being out six months. His 
 lime expired March 3. 1875, and he engaged as stage 
 driver between Jackshoro and Weatherlord, Texas, 
 remaining four months, then returned to Michigan, 
 Feb. 20, 1870, married Mary P. Haner, of London, 
 who was born Aug. 1, is.53. One child was born lo 
 them. Mr. DeVee is a member of Lucius Taylor Post, 
 No. 274, G. A. R.. of .Milan, Michigan. 
 
 ALONZO V. DRAPER was born in New York, 
 Oct. 19, 18 9. Came to Michigan in 1830. locating at 
 Y'orU. Washtenaw countv. In 184:! he married Eliza- 
 beth Hathaway, of Mooresville, Mich., who was born 
 in York, in 1X25. Five children were born lo them. 
 He enlisted, October, l.sG2, in Co. F, ^Otli Mich. H. 
 Art., taking wiih him his son Walter. Jlr. Draper 
 was discharged October, 1865; his son, December, 1805, 
 at Jackson," .Mich. Mr. Draper owns a fine farm in 
 London township, where he resides. Address, Oak- 
 ville. Michigan. 
 
 MRS. ESTHER DYHE, of London, was born in New 
 York State, June 26, 1835. Married Abrara Van- 
 Schoick. of London, Sept. 11, 1852. He was a cooper. 
 Three children were born to Iheni. Abram V»nSchoick 
 enlislel in 1803 in Co. I. llth Mich. Inf., as a private. 
 Died while in service, at Nashville, Tenn , Dec. 11. 1864. 
 February 1, 1805, Mrs, VanSchoick married Morse 
 Dyhe, of London. Five children were burn of this 
 union, ilr. Dvhe was a farmer and blacksmith. He 
 died Dec. 13. 1878. Mrs. Dyhe manages a farm of 80 
 acres of land, 
 
 ADNA ENO, a firmer, was born in Jackson county, 
 Mich., July 4, 1854, His early life was spent on the 
 farm with his father, Jan, 29", 1877, married Harriet 
 Cook, of New Boston, Wayne county, Mich. She was 
 born in Pennsylvania. Sept. 29. IStil. Her parents 
 came to Micbigiifi in 1863. Mr. Eno lived two years on 
 a farm at New Boston, one year at Ann Arbor, and 
 returned to London. In l8Si5be moved upon the farm 
 where he now resides, which consists of 80 acres of 
 land. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Eno. 
 .Vddress, London. 
 
 ZEMRI.\1I ENO, an active farmer of London, was 
 born at WaterlOD, Mich.. Dec. 10. 1850. July 14, 
 1871. he married Hannah Dolhee, of ( lakville, who was 
 born at Saline, Mich., May 12, 18.54. After three 
 years they purchased 20 acres of laud, an'l in 1886, 
 28 acrea additional. In 1871 built for Iheinselvcj a 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 neat home. Six children were born to them. Address, 
 Loudon. 
 
 HENRY D. EVERETT, a farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born at Sai-kett's Harbor, N. Y.. Feb. 3, 
 1833 September. 1830, his jiarentsrame to Michigan, 
 and in October, 1830, they moved to London townsliip, 
 his father making tlie first clearins and erecting Ihe 
 first house in ll)at township; he died in July, 1838, 
 a£;ed 46. His mother died in New York, in 183(!. 
 Henry D. remained with his father until his laih 
 year, and then began life for himself, and after his 
 fatlier's dea'h took charge of the farm for a 3'ear or 
 more, then entered a store at Dundee for a year. In 
 1841 he went to New Y'ork, working on a farm in the 
 summer and teaching school in the winter. In 1845 
 be went to Gloversville, N. Y., and engaged with the 
 Glove Manufacturing Co., following this for 20 years. 
 December, 1849, he married Julia A.. Butler, of Glov- 
 ersville. N. Y. She was born in Windsor, Conn., 
 Nov. 16, 1825. He returned with his family to Lon- 
 don, January, 1865. erecting a new house and remain- 
 ing here untd April, 1879, when he went to Kansas, 
 remaining there until 1881; he then returned to Lon- 
 don. In 1883 went to Big Rapids, Mich. In Febru- 
 ary, 1886, returned to London; engaged in farmmg and 
 dairy products, which occupation he now follows. To 
 Mr and Mrs. Everett eight children have been born: 
 IVlary L., Alice, Laura, Henry C, Charlie, Emily, 
 John G. and Lillian. 
 
 CHARLES E. FARRINGTON, farmer, of London, 
 was born April 16, 1849, upon ihe farm he now owns. 
 His falher was one of the first members of the State 
 legislature, and member of the convention which 
 framed the first constitu'ion of Michigan. Sept. 1, 
 1864. Charles enlisted in Co. M, 2d Mich. Cav., as pri- 
 vate. Was discharged bv general order, Jnnc 21, 
 iSer,. Married, Sept. 24, 1865, Elfinda S. Rorebeck, 
 of London. Four children were born to them. Mr. 
 Farrington is one of the representative farmers of 
 l^ondon; deals largely in stock and grain; is member 
 of the Free Methodist Society. 
 
 GEORGE N. FINCH was born in Y.ates county, 
 N. Y., Oct 3, 1823 Married, Feb. 3. 1851. Helen M. 
 Hoffman, of Arcadia, Wayne county. N. Y. She was 
 born at Phclpa, Wayne county, N. Y , Sept. 12, 1S35. 
 Oct. 1, 1862, they came to Michigan, locating in Oak- 
 land county. In 1879 moved to Dundee, remaining 
 three years, then coming to London, where Ihey now 
 ri side. Seven children have been born to them. His 
 farm contains 78 acres of land, 50 acres being under 
 cultivation. Address, London. 
 
 ROLAND L. FINCH, a farmer of London, was 
 born in Wayne county, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1858. He 
 lived wiih his parents until 18, and then began life for 
 himst'if; worked out by the month for two years, and 
 then entered the cabinet ware-rooms at Tecumseh, 
 Mich, remaining for one year; then started a 
 sugar manufactory at Dundee, Mich. After a year 
 went to Saline for one year. In the spring of 1882 
 moved to London upon a farm, and began farming 
 for himself, and has bince resided there, his sister be- 
 ing his housekeeper, he having never married. 
 
 JOHN C. PORSllEE, a farmer of London, was 
 born August 23, 1805, in New Jersey. Learned the 
 carpenter and joiner's trade of his .father. Married 
 April, 1828, Mary Forshee, of New Y'ork Slate. July 
 14, 1853, she died. Married Oct. 22, 1862, Nancy 
 Ransom, of London. Ten children were born to 
 them. Mrs. Nancy Forshee died May 28, 1836. Ad- 
 dress. London. 
 
 AUSTIN FULLER, an active farmer of London, 
 was born in Williams county, Ohio, March 13. 1853. 
 His parents left Ohio in 1859, going to Clayton county, 
 Iowa, remaining there three years ; then moved to 
 Pennsylvania and to Ashtabula county, Ohio, and at 
 last settling in Williams county, Ohio, where Nelson 
 and his brother, aged 16, enlisted in the 38th Ohio 
 
 Vol. Inf, until the close of the war. In 1865 his 
 father sold his farm in Ohio, and with a colony of 
 143 persons, and 125 head of cattle, went to Polk 
 county, Iowa, living there nine years. In 1871 his 
 father came to Monroe county, purchased a farm 
 in London, where he died in 1875, April 5, 1881, 
 Austin married Sarah Birkett, of Exeter, Monroe 
 county. She was born in LaSalle, Monroe county, 
 March 16, 1854 One child has been born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Fuller, Olive May, born in 1882 (Nov. 8th). 
 
 GEORGE FULLER, of London, was born in New 
 Y'ork Stale, June 22, 1851. His father and family 
 came to Michigan in 1853. July 2, 1876, George mar- 
 ried Miss D. Haner, of London, who was born Sept. 
 2, 1857. Her father enli.>ted in 1862 in 17th Mich. 
 Vol. Inf., and died while in service. October, 1883, 
 George purchased the farm where they now reside. 
 They have had two children, one living. Address, 
 London. 
 
 MRS. JOSEPH FULLER, of London, was born in 
 Wayne, Wayne connty, Mich., Feb. 7, 1848. Her 
 maidtn name viai Polly Maria Raymond, and she 
 was married March 7, 1867, with Joseph Fuller, of 
 Waf^hteuaw county, Mich. Mr. Fuller enli.sled in Co. 
 H, 14th Mich. Vol. Inf.. as private, for three years. 
 Was discharged in 1865 ; was taken prisoner at 
 Franklin, Tenn., and held three months. Mrs. Fuller 
 is mother of sLx children. In 1875 ihey purchased 
 the farm where Mrs. Fuller now resides. 
 
 EDWARD C. GREEN, farmer, of London, was 
 born March 19, 1839. His piirents were born in the 
 east. In 1831 his father came to Michigan, and soon 
 after married. August 5, 1862, Edward enlisted in 
 Co. F, 18th Mich. Vol. Inf., going to Lc.vington, Ky. 
 Was taken sick with typhoid fever, and sent to the 
 Government Hospital. March, 1865. he was detached 
 from his company and put upon special duly. Soon 
 after was made captain of a company of colored 
 troops. July, 1865, was discharged at the close of the 
 war. He returned to London, and March 19, 1866, 
 married Lucena Welch, of Exeler. She was born 
 Dec. 35, 1843. They have two children ; owns 390 
 acres of land, besides half interest in timber land, and 
 a store at Boyne City. Dea's. largely in stock. Ad- 
 dress, London. 
 
 JOHN B. GREEN, an active farmer of London, 
 was born at Lawrencetown, Ohio, June 21, 1850. 
 His parents came to Michigan in 1865, settled on what 
 was then known as LtPleasant Creek, Monroe 
 county : purchased 114 acies of land, livmghere three 
 years; then they moved to Ida, on the lann called 
 the Judge Wing farm. John B. purchased, in 1875, 
 40 acresof land in London. Married Mary A. Lefilier, 
 who was born March 15, 18.10, in Ida township. Her 
 parents were German, came to Anieiica in 1848. 
 Two children wore born. Address, London. 
 
 JOHN W. GRISWOLD, farmer, of London, was 
 born at Tecumseh, July 32, 1834. His parents came 
 from New York State in 1824, traveling the distance 
 with four horses, and their wagon loaded vvilh their 
 effects. John married April 6, 1858, Harriet A. 
 Bangs, of Raisin, Lenawee county, who was born 
 July 22, 1837. He engaged in general painting until 
 1868, when he came to London, locating on 85 acres 
 of land, where he now resides. Three children have 
 been born to them : C. W., Minnie B, and James W. 
 Mr. Griswold has held several offices of trust, having 
 been township clerk five years, and at present is justice 
 of peace ; also has charge of the London cemeteries. 
 For 16 years he has taught music, and has charge of 
 all musical interests of London. 
 
 EDGAR T. HAIGHT w.as born Sept. 28, 1837, in 
 London, Mich., upon the farm he now resides (■n. He 
 was married Feb. 20, 1870, with Delphine Moore, of 
 Milan, who was born July 5, 1849, in Canada. Her 
 parents were born in England. In 1859 they came to 
 Redlord, Waype county, Mich. Edgar, after his mar- 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 50 
 
 I'iaR^ settled upin the farm he now owns. lie is 
 also a carpenter and joiner. Erected one of the finest 
 residences in Milan, where he lived four yeans. Three 
 children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Ilaight. Address, 
 London. 
 
 GEORGE C. IIAIGHT was born Nov. 23. 1834. 
 Came to Muhii;an with his |)urcnts in 1830. Married 
 Nov. 24, IS.W, Harriet N. Howe, of London. He 
 enlisted Auirnst 11, 1862, in Co. U, 18th Mich. Vol. 
 Inf. Was discharged by general order, .June 23, 
 1805. Mrs. Haisht died March 3, 1874, leaving three 
 cliildren. July 2.'), 187.5, he married Anna .IctTery, of 
 Oakland county, Mich. She was born in Oakland 
 county, .Jan. 2o, 1841. Two children born by this 
 marriage. Mr. Haight is a farmer. Address, London. 
 
 MRS, ELLEN' G. HALL, widow of Martin V., was 
 born in Great Britain, Nov. 2!t, 1829. Came to America 
 with her parents in 1841. locating in Winnebago 
 county, Wis. Ellen married .July 3, 1851, Martin V. 
 Hall, who was born in Vermont, July 11, 1.S29. In 
 ls51 they came to Michigan. He enlisted in Co. H, 
 !»th Mich. Vol. Inf., in lS(j4; was discharged June, 
 18IJ"). One cbikl was born to them, April 16, 1852, 
 who died Sept. 26, 1879. Mr. Hall died July 11, 1884. 
 lie bad been township treasurer and justice of peace. 
 Mrs. Hall's addres'; is London. 
 
 JOHN I. HANEn,of London, was born in New 
 York State. April 28, 1847. Married Mary A. Devee, 
 of London, July 4, 186S. She was born in Dundee, 
 Dee. 24, 1852. One child was born to them, O.scar 
 W., born March 24, 1869. Mr. Haner has engaged in 
 threshing since 1860, and has one of the best separa- 
 tors in the market. Address, London. 
 
 WILLIAM HAZLETT, a farmer of London, Mich., 
 was born in Kellville, Mich., Aug. 13, 1856. When 
 five years old be went to Canada with his parents, re- 
 maining there five years. When 12 years old he secured 
 work as driver of cattle, going with a herd to the 
 western country, Nebraska, Idaho, and Indian Ter- 
 ritory. He remained there five years, then returned 
 to 15cllville, Micii. After a year learned the painters' 
 trade, and worked at it in Grand Rapids, Mich. In 
 1885 he moved to London on a farm of 80 acres. 
 October. 1885, he married Maggie Durham, of Denton, 
 Midi. She was born in Orange county, N. Y., June 
 10, 1855. One child has been born to them, Josephine, 
 born July 13, 1886. 
 
 SANFORD D. HEAD, born at Sumpter, Wayne 
 county. Mich., September 7. 1847. His jiarents were 
 hern in New Yoik Stale. When 18 years of age be 
 left home, traveling through dilTerenC States through 
 the West, and at last settled in Michigan. April 1, 
 1877, he married Clara Brookner, ol Milan, who was 
 born in 1857. Two children were bom to them: 
 John v., May 30, 1879, and .losie M., August 27, 1881. 
 Mr. Head moved upon his present farm in London in 
 1879. His farm consists of foity acres of land. 
 
 WILLIAM A. HEATH, of Augusta, Washtenaw 
 county, Mich., was born in Livingston county. N. Y., 
 Novemljer 13, 1836. He enlisted August 13, 1861, in 
 Co. C, 50lli New York Engineers, as private. In Feb. 
 1SG4. he re-enlisted in same company. In June, 1H65, 
 wi^s discharged. In fall of 18G5 returned to Michigan. 
 In 1879 he moved to Augusta, where he now resides 
 on a farm. Mxrried October 10, 1866, Minervia Jane 
 Bradbhaw. of Augusta, who was born in New York 
 State, October 20, 1832. Mr. Heath is a member of 
 Carpenter Post, No. 180, G. A. R., of Ypsilanti. Owns 
 ten acics of land. 
 
 CHARLES HEMPSTEAD, a farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born in Chautauqua county, N. Y"., May 
 10, 1823. His parents came to Ohio when he was ten 
 years old. When he was 21 bis parents moved to 
 Livinpsiton county, Mich., trading their Ohio land for 
 a f«rin in Mubigiin. In IfvlU ibey .sold their fdrni and 
 weul to Jaekton county, where they bad a faim of 
 
 eighty acres. June 24, 18')7. he married Sarah Fisk, 
 of Lenawee county, Mich. She was liorn in Marion 
 county, September 2H, 1838. ' November, 18S4. Ihiy 
 moved to the town of London, and iiavc since resiiled 
 there. Four children have been born to them : Frank- 
 lin, born June 9. 1867; Darwin C., born October 3(1, 
 1869, died July 31, 18W7, aged nearly IH years; Lillis P., 
 born May 22, 1871; Jennie, born February 21. 1H79. 
 
 PETER J. HENRY, an active farmer of London, 
 was born at E.xeter, Mich , November 7, 1813 March 
 20, 1868, married Elizabeth Rose, of Augusti, Mich., 
 who was born Deoemher 15, isn. .Six children wcie 
 born to them: Carri", John L , Sirali Maria, William, 
 Julia M., and Rosa E. Mr. Henry's father was a Rus- 
 sian; his mother an American. Postofflcc addrets, 
 London. 
 
 ANDREW X. HERRON, a farmcrof London, Mich , 
 was born in Pennsylvania, May 27, 1^33, His pan nts 
 died when he was si.x years old. He began work for 
 bim.self when 15 years old on a farm. He lived in 
 Pennsylvania until 1853, when he went to Ohio. M ly 
 27. 1860. he married Louisa Baulcli, of Luki' county, 
 Ohio. She was born in Ohio. April 27. 1M4'I; died 
 in July, 1877. November 17, 1861, Mr. Herron en- 
 listed "in Co. F, as a private. June 23, 1S63. be was 
 discharged by reason of disab lity; being unfit lor 
 service he returned to Ohio. He never had any ad- 
 vantages of education, his parents' death depriving 
 him of fchool. August, 1878, he married Mercy 
 Wellman, of Painesville, Ohio. In 1880 he moved 
 to Michigan, and in 1886 moved to London. In 1881 
 be married his third wife. Jennie Denike, who was 
 born in London. March 8, 1818. By Ibis marriage two 
 children (twins) were born to them in 1883: Elmer 
 and Edward. Mr. Herron has four children by his 
 first wife. 
 
 GEORGE S. HOLTEN, an active farmer of London, 
 Midi., was born in Fulton Village, Oswego county, 
 N. Y., July 13, 1840 In 1849 his parents moved "to 
 Michigan, and George went to live with Mr. E Barns 
 for three years; then worked for his father on bis 
 farm. He also had learned the cooper's trade and 
 worked at it. August 26. 18G2, he enlisted in Co. II. 
 18th Mich. Inf., as a private. He remained with bis 
 regiment in all its battles. At Camp Snow Pond was 
 captured and taken prisoner while on picket dutv. He 
 was mustered out of service June 26. IsKij. He re- 
 turned to London and engaged in farming, which lie 
 still follows. August 9. 1868, he married Margaret 
 Moren, of Brooklyn, Jackson counlv. .Mich , who was 
 born in .Michigan, F>bruary 8. Iw51. Four children 
 have been born to them; Mary J., bor.i March 10, 
 1869, died September 29, 1869; Ella M. , born Decem- 
 ber 20, 1870; Ge.irge F., born June 25, 1H75; Elnora, 
 born .March 9, 1886. Reuben lloltcn, a brother of 
 George, was a member of Co. H, 18th Mich. Inf. He 
 died at Nashville, Tenn., June. 1H(;3, and is buried in 
 the Soldiers' Cemetery at that eiiy. Joseph, anolb<-r 
 brother, was a member of Co. K,"l5lb .Mich V. I. He 
 died August, 1H65, at London, and is buried in London 
 cemetery. 
 
 ARTEMAS HOPKINS, an active farmer of London, 
 was born Scptemb. r 0, 1860. His father was horn in 
 L(mdon. He enlisted in 18(12, and was captured and 
 taken to Anilersonville prison, where it is supposed he 
 starved to death Artemas has always been a farmer. 
 Married Marv M. Ostrander, of Canton. Wayne coun- 
 ty, Mich. She was born April 4. l'-58. at Conway. 
 Mich. They have four children. The farm on which 
 be resiiles belonged to his grandfather; is now owned 
 by Willard Hopkins. Artemas has 150 acres of lanil, 
 and depends on stock raising more than grain raising. 
 WILLARD E. HOPKINS, farmer of London, was 
 born .Inly 30, 1862. His parents were born in Lon- 
 don, Mich. Willard owns the old homestead, and 
 speuda his winters there. In 1879 he went to Supe- 
 rior, Washtenaw county, remaining t>ne year; Ibeo 
 
nn 
 
 HISTORY OP MONROE COUNTY, MTCHTGAN. 
 
 went to Canton, Wayne county. The following two 
 years wera spent at London; from that time lie has 
 been at York, Washtenaw coiiuty. He has never 
 married. The homestead consists of eighty acres of 
 land, forty being under cultivation. 
 
 THOMAS C. HOWAKD, a general merchant of 
 Oakville, was born at Aui^usta, Mich.. June 14, 1846. 
 His pari'uts came to Michigan in 1834. February 10, 
 1868^ Thomis mairied JIarv E. Tuttle, of Augusta. 
 She was botn iu New York State, May 5, 1848 They 
 have two children. Mr. Howard managed his father's 
 farm until 1880, when he came to London, purchased 
 a general supply store in connection. He is engaged 
 buying and selling all kinds of produce; also provides 
 Detroit markets with cattle and poultry, giving special 
 attention to the shipping of the same. He has been 
 twice elected supervisor of London; also treasurer. 
 Has served several terms as township clerk at Au- 
 gusta, Mich. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. , No. 
 197, Wolverine Lodge, of Milan, Michigan. 
 
 DAVID HOWE was born at London, Mich., March 
 27, 1816, upon the farm he now occupies. His parents 
 came from Vermont to Michigan in 1836. April 21, 
 1873, he married Coraline Everett, of Raisinville. She 
 was born January 18, 1854. Four children were born 
 to them. Oliver Howe, brother of David, enlisted in 
 Co. I, lllh Mich. V. I., August 24, 1861; was dis- 
 charged August 5, 1862, being disabled. He died Jan- 
 uary 9, 1864. Address David Howe, London, Michi- 
 gan. 
 
 MERRITT HOWE was born in Vermont, March 13, 
 1830. He married November 28, 18.53, Jane Elizabeth 
 Graves, of Dundee. She was born in New York 
 State, January 25, 1830. In 18.53 they came to Lon- 
 don. Six children have been born to them. In 1857, 
 came to reside upon the farm of 35 acres of laud 
 where he still lives. PostofBce address, London, 
 Michigan. 
 
 SIMEON HOWE, a farmer of London, was birn at 
 Wells, Rutland county, Vt., February 25, 1832. His 
 parents came to London in 1833, locating on a farm of 
 eighty acres. July 5, 1858, Simeon married Emeline 
 C, Graves, of London, Mich. She was born at Dun- 
 dee, April 13, 1843. February, 1806, he purchased 45 
 acres of land where he now resides. Four cliildren 
 were bom to them: George T., Julia E., Simeon L., 
 and Herman. Mrs. Howe died August 3, 1887. 
 
 WILLIAM B. JONES, afaimerof London, was born 
 in the State of New Jersey, January 14, 1834. His 
 lather was in the war of 1812. William married May 
 4, 1859, Caroliuc Martin, of Macon, Mich. She was 
 born May 16, 1834. After his marriage he rented a 
 farm at Lodi, Mich. In 1S71 purchased a farm at 
 Monroeville, and during the same year sold it, pur- 
 chasing the farm in London. No children have been 
 born to them, but in 1877 they adopted an orphan 
 boy. Address, London. 
 
 JOHN J. KILPATRICK, an active London farmer, 
 was born in S'euben county, N. Y., April 27, 1835. 
 Learned the painter's trade in New Y'ork State. Octo- 
 ber 7, 1856, married. His wile was born iu England. 
 Five children were born to them. Mrs. Kilpatrick 
 died June 1, 1865. January 30, 1866, he uiarriea Mrs. 
 Emra.i C. Bedell, widow of James M. Bedell, who 
 died at the Government Hospiial in 1862. Eight chil- 
 dren were born by this second union. Mr. Kilpatrick 
 is a great reader, and in 1885 lust by lire a valu.ble 
 library. Address, London. 
 
 DELOSS G. LAMKIN, farmer of London, was 
 born in E.veter, Mich , January 17, 1848. His parents 
 came to Michigan iu 1835. February 25, he mar- 
 ried Margaret Ft- Iton, of Exeter. She was born May 
 27, 1849. In 18'(2 he purchased the farm they now 
 own. No children were born to them. Address, Lou- 
 don. 
 
 ELIJAH M. LAMKIN was born Sept. 6, 1830, at 
 Raisinville, Mich. His parents located in Michigan 
 in 1820. Ausiust 23, 1861, he enlisted in Co. I, I'lth 
 Mich. Vol. Inf. as private. At the battle of Stone 
 River he was wounded; was discharged Sept. 16, 1864, 
 and returned to Michiuau. Married Martha D. Sabin, 
 who was l)orn at Lyonsville, Pa., July 29, 1843. Six 
 children have been born to them. Mr. Lamkin owns 
 155 acres of land. 
 
 OLIVER C. LAMKIN, a farmer of London, was 
 born in London, Monroe county. Nov. 18, 1843. His 
 parents were early .settlers of London. August 23, 
 1862, he enlisted in Co. K, 5th Mich. Cav., as private; 
 was in battles of Gettysburg, Winchester and Cedar 
 Creek: was discharged in June, 1865, as sergeant. 
 March 18, 1866, he married Anna HawKS, of Exeter, 
 who was born in New Y'ork State Nov. 29, 1844. They 
 lived at E-feter until 1883, when he sold the farm and 
 purchased 00 acies of land in London ; owns one of the 
 largest barns in I he town, and his farm is highly cul- 
 tivated. They have had seven children; address, 
 London. 
 
 A. H. LEWIS, a retired farmer of London, was 
 born in New Y''ork State, June 21, 1822. October, 
 1847, he married Julia A. Crane, who was born in 
 Steuben county, N. Y., April 16, 1830. Came to 
 Michigan in 1883. Six children were born to them : 
 Edwin, Albert, Amanda, Mianda, Percilla and Mary E. 
 Address, London. 
 
 WILLIAM J. LINDSAY, of London, was born in 
 Ireland June 15, 1843. In 1854 he came to America. 
 Married in 1870 Margaret Coburn, who was born iu 
 New York State iu 1853; lived in Dakota, and had his 
 farm destroyed by prairie fire, and being discouraged 
 came to Michigan. Nine children were born to them. 
 Address, Loudon. 
 
 JOSEPH D. MARVIN was born in New TTork State 
 July 33, 1857. In 1861 he came to Michigm with his 
 mother, his father being deceased. In 1880 he began 
 farming for himself at Sumpter. August 20, 1883, 
 married Ada Craft, who was born at Sumpter Aug. 8, 
 1865. In 1887 they c inie to London, locating on the 
 faim where th-y reside. One child was born to them 
 June 29, 1885, died July 21, 1885. Address, London. 
 
 SELEN MASTERS, a farmer of London township, 
 was burn on the River Raisin, in Raisinville township, 
 in 1818, and has always lived in Monroe county. His 
 father, Adam Slasters, was born in Ulster county, 
 N. Y., and came to Monroe county soon after the War 
 of 1812, and was the father of 13 children. Selen has 
 lived in London township 44 years. He was married 
 in 1840 to Maria Zeluff. They have had 13 children, 
 seven of whom are living. 
 
 RICHARD H. MILLAGE, a farmer of London, 
 was born iir X'Jew York State Jirly 19, 1832; came to 
 Michigan in 1845. December 10, 1861, he enlisttd in 
 Co. I, 15th Mich. Vol. Inf. as private. In 1862 he was 
 discharged; re-enlisted iu 1863 m Co H, 2d Mich. Cav., 
 j'liuing the regimentatNashville.Tenn., remaining with 
 ihe ri giraent until ihe close of the war. September 16. 
 1865, he married Lucinda Culver, of York, Mich ,who 
 was oorn July 19, 1845. Seven children were born to 
 them. Ml-. Millage is a member of Lucius P. Taylor 
 Post. No. 274, a. A. R., Milan. 
 
 CHARLES H. NEWTON was born at Hamburgh, 
 Mich.. Nov. 18, 1847. He married Jane Chippel, of 
 Putnam, Mich., who was born Jan. 32, 1846. Two 
 children were born to them. Mrs. Newton died Sept. 
 15, 1876. After her death Mr. Newton did bridge 
 work, and learned the papermakers' trade, working at 
 Y'psilanti and Jackson. July 11, 1886. he married Mrs. 
 Laura Frisbee, of Jackson, who was born in Ohio 
 Nov. 3, 1848. They remained in Jackson until 1886, 
 when they came to London. 
 
 JESSE NORRIS, a farmer of London, was born at 
 Dorchester, N. H., Nov. 38, 1810. He worked out by 
 
PERSONAL IIISTORIKS. 
 
 .-^l 
 
 I lie month until "26 years of age, and in Dercmber, 
 1836, came to Micliigiin, starling on liis journey witli 
 horse and cutler; when lie rcarhed Cleveland sold the 
 cutter and started on horseback for Monroe. In the 
 spring (if 1837 he engiged as a sailor of the lakes. lu 
 1S38 he was employed as superintendent of con- 
 slruttion of the Michig.iii Southern K^ilroad for one 
 year. Then had charge i>f saw-mill at Deerlield. For 
 four years managed i he farm of Austin E Wing and 
 Thos. Cole, and during the time built the dam at 
 Pelersburgh, and rented Wing's half for fnur years. 
 He owned 66 acrfsof land at Summerfield: e.xchanged 
 farm for lav rn near Monroe, e.xchinged tavern for 
 farm he now owns. April 15, 185!). he married 
 Amanda William.s, of Petersbnrgh, who was born in 
 New York State in 1814, died Jan. 27, 1868. They had 
 no children of their own, but adopted a daughter. 
 
 R. H. OSTRANDER, druggist of Milan, Mich., was 
 born in London, Monroe county, Mich., Sept. 28, 
 18J9. His fatlier, William Ostrander, was born in 
 New York State, and came to Michigan in 1856. He 
 purch;iSi"d land wilh his brother and then entered the 
 m' rcantile business. During the Rebellion Wdliaui 
 Ostrander was eugiiged as enlisting officer for the 
 United Slates Army, with headquarters at Detroit. 
 Riesdoil aitendeil the district school at London, help- 
 ing his father in the store until he was 16 years of age; 
 he then went to Dundee to the high school, after two 
 years he entered the high school at Ann Arbor, then 
 entering the Pharmacy Department of the Michigan 
 State University of .\un Arbor. Mich., and graduated 
 in the class of 1883. In the fall of 1883 he entered a 
 wholesale drug house at Atlanta. Ga. Then tame to 
 Ohio and secured a position as prescription clerk, re- 
 maining one year. He then cume to Dundee, Mich., 
 entered the employ of Geo. W. Hurd and took charge 
 of the business while Mr. Hurd was at the New 
 Orleans Exposi ion. Hut wishing to be in business 
 for himself, he came to Milan and opened a first-class 
 drug store, which he continues to manage. April 13, 
 1886, he man led May E. Wisdom, of Milan, Mich., 
 her parents being residents of that place. Mr. Os- 
 liander is a member of Wolverine Lodge, No. 197, 
 I. O. O. F.,of Mil(-n, Mich. 
 
 WILLIAM OSTRANDER was born in Ulster 
 county. N. Y., Nov. 30, 1828. He married Sarah A. 
 Hack, (if Milan, Sept. 8, 1858. Si.x children were born 
 to them. Mr. Ostrander is a merchant, farmer, and 
 postmaster at London for a number of years. At one 
 lime he had the mails ca-ricd from Raisinville to 
 London at his own expense. He came to London in 
 May, 1856, locating on a firm of 104 acres of land. 
 
 ORSON OVEHAKER was born in London, Mich., 
 Oct. 28, 18.50 He married Margaret Johnson, of 
 Milan, Dec. 15, 1870. In 1880 he purcha-iied 40 acres 
 of land at London. His family consists of two chd- 
 dren. Address, London. 
 
 E. R. PALMER, an active farmer, was born in Lon- 
 don, Mich., Apiil 13, 1810. His parents were among 
 the early sellleis ol Jlichigan. April 13. 1864, he mar- 
 ried Belle Whiting, who was born at London, Mich., 
 Ffh. 7, 1845. Her people came from Yates county, 
 N. Y. Four children were born to Mr. and .Mrs. Palmer: 
 Mary, Earl H., Gilbert W. and Calista A. Mr. Palmer's 
 farm consists of 200 acres of land, 115 acres being 
 under cultivation. He also deals in stock; has been 
 drain commissioner and school insp(Ctor. Address, 
 E.Keter. 
 
 HARRIET PALMER, of London, was born in 
 Oneida county, N. Y., Sept. «, 18'28. In 1835 her 
 parents came to Michigan. Mrs. Palmer married 
 A. F. Palmer, of London, Sept. 22, 1850. He enlisted 
 in Co. I. 11th Mich. Vol Inf. as private Aug. 24, 1861; 
 was promoted to 1st scrgt. of the company April 1, 
 186i; he took charge of the compin3',the commissioned 
 officers having been captured, and while peiforming 
 
 this duly was killed at the battle of Stone River, Jan. 
 2, 1863. Their five children are all living. 
 
 WILSON B. PALMITEU. of London, was born in 
 Ohio May 24. 1830. Nov. lb, ls.52, he nmrried Jaoelte 
 Haitivell, who was born at Canton, Midi., April 19, 
 1836. In 1879 they came to London. Four children 
 W(re born to ihrni. He is a mea her of the Free 
 Methodist Society of London; an active farmer and 
 mechanic. Addre.'^s, London. 
 
 CHARLES I. PEASE, a farm r of London, was 
 born in Courllunl county, N. Y , May 24, 1814. In 
 1829 liccameto Michii-an, sta\ingl8 monihs; relumed 
 to New York Stale, and in 1834 lina'ed in Oakland 
 county, Miciiigan. October 20, 1837, he marri(d 
 Sophia Tracy, of Detroit; she was born in JIalden, 
 Canada. Oct. 14, 18'23. In 1839 he moved to Ohio, 
 and in 1877 located in London, Mich., where he now 
 resides. Eis farm consists of 40 acres. Six children 
 have been born to them : Elsie, Margaret, Martha, 
 Jane, John and Gaina, 
 
 EDGAR S. PILUEAM, of London, was born at 
 Ridgeway. .Mich., April 20, 1848. Parents came to 
 Michigan in 1S35. Edgar, when 17yeaisof ase, learned 
 carpenter and joiner s trade. Jlanli 6, 1878. married 
 Clara E. Ebersole, of Milan, who was born in Ohio, 
 August 6, 1858. They lived at Ridgeway until June, 
 l!r87, when ihej- came to London, locating up in 80 
 acres of land. They have five children. Address, 
 Loadon. 
 
 JOHN POOL, of London, was born at Lodi, Mich., 
 July 22, 1831. His father was in the war of 1812. 
 Septembers, 18114, John enlisted in Co H, 18lh Mich. 
 Vol Inf. Was discharged at Nashville, Tenn , June 
 
 20, 186.5. In 1879 he purchased 40 aeres of land on 
 section 5, in London, August 29, 1H37, married Mary 
 A. Kidder, who was born in New York .State, Oct. 28, 
 1841. They have four children. Mr. Pool is a mem- 
 ber of Lucius Taylor Post, No. 274, of Milan. H is been 
 constable of the township several years, and in 1884 
 was appointed deputy sheriff of .Monroe county. 
 
 ISAAC T. POTTER was born in Conneclicut, Nov. 
 13,1811. His father was a sea captain for over25 
 years. He died in 1868, at the age of 105 years. Oct. 
 
 21, 1833, Isaac T. married Betsey M. Jamee, who was 
 born in Conneclicut, Feb. 5, 1810. He resided at 
 Frankfort, N. Y. ; engaged in farming until 1871, 
 when he came to London, Mich., purchasing 70 acres 
 of l-nd on section 32. His wife died Jan. 12, 1877, 
 leaving four children. Istac. Julia M., Silas .1. and 
 Emily^. Silas J. enlisted July, 1863, in 71st N. Y. 
 Inf. He died Jan. 28, 1871. Mr. Potli r married for 
 his sfC(md wife, Mrs. Bets'-y Merritt, Dec. 29. 1877. 
 who was born Sept. 12, 1816. She was the widow of 
 Charles Merritt, of Dundee, Mich. Mr. Potter's ad- 
 dress is L'indon, Mich. 
 
 DAN'EL PRESrON, born in Oneida county, N Y., 
 June 21, 1827, is an active farmer of London. In 
 1855 he came to .Michigan, locating on a farm of 40 
 acres. In 1H69 he sold out and came to London. In 
 1852 he married Clarissa Allen, of New York State. 
 Four children were born to them. Mrs. Preston died 
 at Jlilan, when 27 years of age. March, 18t>8, he 
 married Ilelcn Barnes, of London. Two children 
 were born to ibem. She died in tlic spring of 1873. 
 Mr. Preston married for his third wife, Mis. Francis 
 Wollcolt Miller, of Raisinville. Feb. 14, 18«1, who 
 was born May 9, 1X50. She had two children at the 
 time of her marriage with Mr. Preston. 
 
 REUBEN JI. REYNOLDS, an active farmer of 
 Loudon, .Mich., was born in lj«ster, Livingston county, 
 N. Y., Feb. 27, 1829. His parents were eastein 
 people. His falherdi(d when he was seven j-ears 
 old, and from that lime until his eleventh year he 
 lived with an older sifter. In 1847 he went to French 
 Creek, Ohio, to learn the t licksmilhs trade. In 1853 
 he Icbiued ihe cooper's trade, and cuinc to Wayne 
 
32 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 county, erected a cooper's shop. He sold this for a 
 right in three counties of a patent farming mill, and 
 engaged in the sale of mills. In ISjti he came to 
 Oakville, Monroe county, and purchased some prop- 
 erty, and erected a house. Dec. 21, 1856, he mar- 
 ried Esther M. Wheaton, of London, Mich, She 
 was horn in Andover, Allegany county, N. Y., Feb. 
 V-j, 1836. Her jiarents were residents of London town- 
 ship, »nd her father a carpenter and joiner. In 1857 
 he erected a manufacturing and repair shop of barrels 
 and repairing wagons and carriages ; he continued 
 this until Aug. 18, 1861, when he enlisted in Co. K, 
 1st Mich. Cav., as a private, but was detailed as com- 
 pany blacksmith. He was with the regiment in the 
 l>atlle of Cedar Mountain, and the battle of Bull Run. 
 He returned to Oakville, Mich., April 7, 1864. Since 
 his return ho has been unable to do any hard work. 
 In 1883 he was placed upon the pension rolls, and has 
 had one increase in the same. At present he manages 
 his farm, and from a patented wagon jack he has 
 received quite an income. Mr. Reynolds is the father 
 of five cliildren: Sylvanus G., born Oct. 12, 1857; 
 Francis L., born Jan. 7, 1865; Reuben M., jr., born 
 Jan, 31, 1871; Newton G., born Sept, 22, 1873; and 
 Besi-ie M., born Jan. 8, 1875. Sylvanus G. was mar- 
 ried Jan. 17, 1883, to Sarah C. Magraw, of Augusta, 
 Midi. She was born Sept. 4, 1861, in New York 
 Slate They have two children, Viola W., born Dec. 
 39, 1884, and Minnie M , born May 30, 1886; Mabel 
 M., born May 8, 1889. Reuben M. Reynolds, sr., is 
 member of Lucius Taylor Post 274, G. A, R. In 
 1888 exchanged his farm for village property in Esse.x 
 Centre, Ont., and moved there; in 1889 exchanged his 
 Canida property for a farm in Lawton, Van Buren 
 County, Jlich., where he now lives. 
 
 GEO. B. RICHARDS, farmer, of London, was 
 birn in York, Washtenaw county, Mich., Oct. 23, 
 1853. When 18 years of age he began farming for 
 himself. Dec. 33, 1874, married Alma Drury, of 
 York, who was born at East Townsend, Huron county, 
 Ohio, Aug. 27, 1854. They moved to Milan, where 
 Mr. Richards engaged in drawing goods from Ypsil- 
 anti to Milan, prior to the completion of the Toledo 
 and Ann Arbor R. R. Alter three years he purchased 
 a farm of 106 acres in London. In 1881 he was 
 elected town treasurerof London, and was re-elected 
 in 1882; also in 1885 and 1886. In 1887 was chosen 
 as recorder, and attends to the business interests of 
 the town. His family conssls of five children. 
 
 HARRY ROSS, a manufacturing blacksmith of 
 Oakville, was born iu Huntingdon county. Pa., Jan. 
 11, 1828. When 18 years of aye he learned the lilack- 
 smith's trade at Saulsburgh, JPa. In 1881 he came to 
 Michigan, locating at Tecumsch, where he remained 
 until Jan., 1882. Nov., 1886, he settled at Oakville, 
 where he now resides. Married May, 1S4S, Catherine 
 Stetlie, ot Huntingdon county. Pa., who was born 
 Oct. 31, 1833. Two children were born to them. Mrs. 
 Ross died at Pittsburg, Pa., in 1880. 
 
 ROBERT ROYAL was born in England, Feb. 12, 
 1844. Came with his parents to America in 1851. 
 Feb. 13, 1864, he enlisted in Co. D, 1st Mich. Cav., as 
 private; joined the- regiment at Camp Stoneman, 
 Maryland. Was discharged by Order of President, 
 Aug. 1865, as private, but during the last year 
 of service received saddler's pay, and had charge of 
 men most of the time. Nov. 19, 1871, married Sarah 
 Armstrong, of London, who was born Jlarch 16, 1818. 
 Nov. 30, 1871, came to London, and began farming. 
 Mr. Roval is a member of I. O. O. F.,'No. 197, Wol- 
 verine Lodge. Has been deputy sheriff four years, 
 justice of peace, constable and drain commissioner. 
 
 REUBEN SANFORD, farmer, of London, was born 
 in Knox counly, Ohio, Feb. 8, 1839. His parents were 
 eastern people. In 1854 they came to Michigan, locating 
 at Oakville, London township, purchasing some village 
 lots and 80 acres of land. Keub^ enlisted in Co. H, 
 
 18lh Mich. Vol. luf., and with his regiment left for 
 Covington, Ky. He was captured with others of his 
 regiment, by Morgan, near Covington, on the Lex- 
 ington pike. Was taken to Cincinnati by boat, then 
 to Covington. Came home by special order to report 
 affairs to Adjutant General Robinson, at Detroit. Re- 
 mained in Michigan until Jan., 1863, when he was 
 ordered to his regiment at Lexington, Ky. ; was finally 
 discharged June, 1865. Dec. 24, 1867, married Ellen 
 Jane Bliss, of Milan, who was born in 1848. Six chil- 
 dren were born to them. Mr. Sanford has an ex- 
 tensive farm at London. 
 
 REV. HOLLOWAY SAWY'ER was born at Har- 
 vard, Worcester county. Mass., April 19, 1827. His 
 father's family consisted of eleven children, and at 
 an early aj;e were obliged to care lor themselves. Oct., 
 1848, HoUovvay went to Milwaukee, Wis., remaining 
 until July, 1849. Sept. 5, 1850, married Julia S. Gris- 
 wold, of Tcciimseh, Mich., who was born Sept. 11, 
 1828. Two years following they lived in Hillsdale 
 county, Mich.: then two yea's at Tecuraseh. In 1855. 
 came to London, purchasing 40 acres of land. In 
 1865 Mr. Sawyer received from Free Methodist church 
 a license as an exhorter, and in 1867 took a work in 
 Hillsdale county, Mich., remaining two years, at Ida 
 one year, and from one to two years through different 
 counties in Michigan. 
 
 ERNEST SCHNURSTEIN, of London, was born 
 in Germany, Jan. 25, 1864. Came to America in 1866, 
 wiih his pannts. When he was 14 years of age he 
 began working for himself, upon a farm. April 17, 
 1884, married Minnie Meyer, ot Ida, Monroe county. 
 She was born at Ida, March 13, 1865. Id 1885 they 
 came from Monroe to Londoji. Two children were 
 born to them. Address, London. 
 
 WILLIAM SCIPIO, farmer, of London, was born 
 in Erie county, Pa., Oct. 26, 1829. Married iu 1855, 
 Sarah A. Travis, of Cool Spring, Pa. She was born 
 April 15, 1832. Seven children were born to them. 
 Purchased 40 acres of land in London in 1884. 
 
 CORNELIUS M. SCOTT, an active farmer of Lon- 
 don, was born February 22, 1861. His father enlisted 
 in Co. A, 17th Mich. Vol. Inf. ; was killed in the bat- 
 tle of the Wilderness, May 27,. 1863. When 12 years 
 old Cornelius began life for himself, working upon a 
 farm by the month. April 1, 1881, he married Miss 
 M. L. Birkelt, of Exeter, who was born April 11, 1863. 
 One ( liild was born to them. In 1881 they lived upon 
 a renced farm; tben moved to Cadillac, Mich., work- 
 ing for the G. R. & I. Railroad one year. March, 1887, 
 purchased of Colonel I. R. Grosvenor, of Monroe, 80 
 acres of land, where he now resides. 
 
 ELIZABETH A. SCOTT, of London, was born in 
 New Yiirk Stale, May 25 1835; came with her parents 
 to Michigan in 1843. July 13, 1857, she married Cor- 
 nelius Scott, of London, who was born in New York 
 Stale, November 1, 1834. In 1864 he enlisted in the 
 18tli Mich. Vol. Inf. ; the latter part of January. 1864, 
 enlisted in Co. A, 17th Mich. Vol. Inf., and at "the bat- 
 tle ot Spottsy 1 vania Court House was killed and buried 
 at that place, May, 1864. Mrs. Scott is the mother of 
 four children— three living. Mrs, Scott receives a 
 pension. Address, London. 
 
 RICHARD SCOTT, a farmer of London, came to 
 Michigan iu 1836 and settled at London. May 9, 
 1848, he married Anna Van Schoick, of London. 
 Seven children were born to them. In 1879, having 
 the western fever, Mr. Scott and familj' of six chil- 
 dren went to Raymond, Rice county, Kan., locating 
 upon a farm of 160 acres of land, but the droughts 
 and insects drove them back to Michigan. Richard 
 Scott having poor health his wife manages the farm. 
 Address, London. 
 
 BURTON H. SNELL, an active farmer and veterin- 
 ary surgeon of London, was born in New York State 
 March 8, 1842. August, 1861, he enlisted in Co. I, 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 33 
 
 Sttli 111. Inf., as private; went loSl. Louis, Mo., going 
 into the western army, the regiment being linown iis 
 the Fremont Rifles. He was discharged at Chicago 
 Sept. 20, 1S(>4. He began the study of medicine after 
 liis discbarge, merely for his own benefit. Becoming 
 well versed in the study, be was often called upon 
 lo prescribe for others. He purchased a farm and 
 gave up the practice of medicine. .July Ki, 1.'<().5, he 
 married Alice M. Humphrey, of London, who was 
 born in New York 8iate in 184.5. Seven children to 
 them were born. .Vddress. London. 
 
 MILTOX W. SNELL, farmer, of London, was born 
 in Madison county, N. Y., April ."i, 1S44. September 
 1H, 1S(!I, he enlisted in Co. I. 37th III Vol. Inf., as 
 jirivate; was in the battles of Pea Kidge, Prairie 
 (J rove, Blakeley and siege of Vicksburg; was mustered 
 out Feb. 28, 18(i4, and re-enlisled, serving until May 
 l.">. IHlili. In the f.dl of lS(j(j he came to .Michigan. 
 August 22, IHTl, he married Amanda E. Simonds, who 
 was born in New York State in 1S41. Three children 
 have been born to them. Mr. Snell is a member of 
 William Bell Post, No. 10, G. A. H., of Dundee. 
 
 ABNER S.VIITH, an active farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born Oct. 2."(, 1824, in Erie county, Ohio. 
 His early life was spen*. at home with his parents, re- 
 ceiving what advantages he could in (dncation at dis- 
 trict schools. When 21 years old he left home to do 
 for himself, working upon a farm until 18."i0, when, 
 with a company from Indiana, be started for Califor- 
 nia by overland route, makine the trip in about five 
 months They went directly to the gold mines, buy- 
 ing a claitu. He remained in California until the 
 svmmier of 18.V2, when he relumed to Oxford, Erie 
 county, Ohio, going home to look after the interests of 
 the farm. October 24. 18.-.a, Mr. Smith married Ellen 
 O'Leary, of Oxford. Ohio. Mr. f mith remained on 
 his father's farm until September, is.").";. He then pur- 
 cbasei! a farm of 30 acres and lived on it until 18S2, 
 when he moved to London on a farm of <i8i acres, 
 where he now resides. They have nine children, 
 eight of whom are living. Mrs. Smith died March 10, 
 is7!t, at O.xford, Ohio. 
 
 HIRAM SMITH, a retired farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born at Batavia, N. Y., May 11, 1808. His 
 early life was spent at home. When be became of age 
 he learned the saddler and barnessmaker's trade, 
 working at it about three years in Ohio. .lanuary 29, 
 is;i4. he married .\my B. Throop, of Michigan. She 
 was born al Middlebury, Vt.,.July 8. 1812. She came 
 to Michigan with her parents in i.H33. After his mar- 
 riage they lived at Milan, Huron county, Ohio, until 
 .\u>;u<-l, 1M3.>, when they moved to Michigan, locating 
 in York township, Washtenaw county, and engaged 
 in farming, living here a >ear and a half; then going lo 
 S'ilin'-, engaging in saddle and barillas manufactur- 
 ing. After three j-ears he moved lo Lon<lon upon a 
 farm of 215 acie.s, living there 40 years, and then sold 
 it to his son and son-in-law. and built upon the farm 
 he now owns of 85 acres. Seven children have been 
 burn to Mr. and Mrs. Smith : Sarah, Mary, Horatio, 
 Sabrina L.. Phoebe. Eliza .Ian(^ and Alzina C; all are 
 living with tlie exception of Mary, who died Aug. 7, 
 ls,04,ai!d Piioebe, <lied March 4, 1M7.5. 
 
 HIRAM H. SMITH, of London, enlisted Aug. 22, 
 I8(jl. as setgeanl in Co. D, "lb Mich. Vol. Inf.; was 
 promoted to 1st sergeant Nov. I, 1861 ; was taken sick 
 and moved to Craney Island hospital .luly. 1S(>2; was 
 discharged Sept. 28, lH(i2, on surgeon's certificate of 
 disability. He re-enlisted Sept 24, 18l>4, iu Co. G, 8th 
 Mich. Vol. Inf., as private; was promoted lo corporal 
 for bravery and meritorious conduct at the capture of 
 Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865: was discharged by 
 special ouler .luiie 1, 186"). 
 
 JEROME WILLIAM SMITH was Iwrn in London 
 January I'J, 1845. May 3, 1869, he married Rebecca 
 Wirth. of London, who was born in Pennsylvania 
 January (i, 1845. Seven children were born to them. 
 
 Mr. Smith purchased his present firm of SO acres of 
 land in 1871. Address. London. 
 
 EZRA S. STEPHENS, a farmer of London, was 
 bom in Richfield, N. Y., November 30, \KiO. In 1854 
 be married .Maria S. Carnev, of Erie county, N. Y. 
 Worked at his trade, that o( shoemaker, until 18(14, 
 when he came lo Michigan, locating at London upon 
 a farm of 20 acres. Seven children were born iDlbeni. 
 Mrs. Stephens was born Sept. 13, 1830. .Mr. Stephens 
 baa been employed by the General Collection Agency, 
 Address, London. 
 
 HARRY S. STEPHENS, a farmer of London, was 
 born in New York Stale July 15, 18(12. His parents 
 came to Michigan when he was 10 years old. When 
 he was 13 be began work for himself in the town of 
 London. In 1882 he returned to New York Stale. 
 August 13, 1884, he married Mav Hudson, of Ellon, 
 N. Y. ; she was born Sept. 20," 1862. October 20, 
 1886, he relumed to London township, Michigan, and 
 purcha.sed a farm. 
 
 HIRAM A. STEVENS was horn March 22. 1k57, 
 at Wales, Erie county, N. Y. He came with his par- 
 ents to Michigan in 1875, locating at London. He 
 learned the carpenter and joiners' trade; also worked 
 al general mechanical business. In 1882 he engaged 
 iu the carpenter business with P, L. Allen, of Milan, 
 a year after in brick works. In April, 1887, Ik; began 
 farming at London. He married Feb. 23, 1881, In'ua 
 Clymer, who was born Sept. 5, 18(15, at Leslie, Mich. 
 Mr. Stevens works, at his trade in connection with 
 farroimr. 
 
 NATHAN STUART, a retired farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born in Washington county, Kingsbury 
 township, N. Y., April 2, lsil8. He remained al home 
 until his I4th year, and l>egan working out on a farm. 
 In September, 1S35, be came to London and secutcd 
 work with Mr. John Spaulding, remaining with him 
 two years. He then bought a farm of Jlr. Spauliling 
 for |400. October 24, ls44, Mr. Stuart married Rose- 
 line Butler, of Monroe, Mich.: she was born in New 
 York Eitale in 1822. Three chiMren were born to 
 Iben. : Alonzo, Henry L., and Volney. Alonzo en- 
 listed Aug. 11, 1861, in Co. I, lllh Mich. Inf. In the 
 fall of 1802 he was taken sick with pneumonia at 
 Nashville, Tenn.. his father going after him; he died 
 al home Jan. 7, 18(i3. Mrs. Stuarl died Muy 19, 18.50, 
 aged 2f< years. Mr. Stuart married for hiBse<'ond wife 
 Elizabeth M. Shaw, who was born in Bellville, Mich., 
 Jan. 29, 1829. No children were born lo then. Mrs. 
 ElizatX'th Stuart died May 30, 1852. He then married 
 for his third wife Rachel J. Young. York, Mich., Oct. 
 22, 18.54; she was born Dec. 11, 18:10, .at Mendon. N.Y. 
 By this marriage einbt children were i)orn : Giorse E., 
 born August 28, 1855; Mary, Decemlx'r 16. ^8.56; 
 Nathan A., April 19, 1858; Inez, July 22, 1861 ; Alia C, 
 January SO, 1864; Lucv J., January 12. 1866: Alesia, 
 May 20, 18GH, and Julia, October 11, 1S70. They are 
 all living except Julia, who died December '.I, 1871. 
 Since Mr. Stuart's 21st year he h:is been in public ser- 
 vice almost constantly. Al present he is justice ol the 
 peace, having held the oflice for 14 years; has also 
 been coroner of Monroe county for two terras, super- 
 visor and treasurer's clerk. 
 
 NATHAN A. STIART. carpenter and joiner, of 
 London, Wiis born April 19, 185s. Jan. 17, 1S87. he 
 niarriel Ilattie J. Gannett, of New York Slat". She 
 was born Sept. 20, 1869. Mr. Stuart gives bis entire 
 altenlion to contract work. 
 
 CHARI.ES W. TEALL, an active farmer of Lon- 
 don, was born al Erie, Monroe county, Mich., Feb. 
 22, 1H43 In 1863 purcha.'-ed 80 acres r)f land wlnrche 
 resides. May 25, I8ii2, he enlisted in Co. I), 86lh Ohio 
 Vol. Inf., as private. February, I.HIU, he hired nut to 
 the government as nighl-walcli, at Nasliville, I'ean. 
 March 21, lHti4, he enlisted in 6th .Mich. H. .Vrt.. in 
 Co, C. Was <li.scharged Aug 30, 1865, by general or- 
 der. March 10, I86(i. he married Cornelia Overacker, 
 of Loudon, born Oct. 27, 1847. Eight children were 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 born to tUem. Mr. Teall owns 120 acres of land. 
 Address, London. 
 
 WILLIAM H. TERRELL, a farmer of London, 
 Mich., was born in Cleveland, Ohio, May l."i, 18-13. 
 His parents came to Michigan in 1856, making 
 Adrian their liome. William began the trade of his 
 father, that of shoemaker. At the breaking out of tiie 
 war he enlisted, in lS(i3, in Co. E, isth Mich. Vol. Inf., 
 as private. He was taken prisoner and sent to Charles- 
 Ion, Tenn., but was soon discharged. He returned to 
 his regiment and remained until final discharge. He 
 contracted disease while in the army, and has never 
 been in good health since, and lives in hopes of re- 
 ceiving a pension, as he has applied for it. After his 
 discbarge he went to Tompkins Centre, Jackson 
 county, Mich., living there until 18T5. when he re- 
 turned to Adrian, and Dec. 25, 1875, married Louisa 
 Reynolds, of Adrian. She was born in Sherman, 
 Ohio, April 23, 1842. She came to Michigan when 
 about six years old, and has since resided in the 
 Slate. He moved from one place to another until at 
 last he settled in London, in 1^86, purchasing 80 acres 
 of land. To Mr. and Mrs. Terrell four children li:ive 
 been born: William Henry, Warren E., Wesley and 
 Ruth. 
 
 PHILIP TITUS, a retired black smith and farmer, 
 was born in Wheeling, W. Va., Feb. 23, 1804. He began 
 his trade with his father when eight years old, his 
 people then living in Ohio. He lived at home un- 
 til 21, caring for his mother, his father having died. 
 In 1826 he married Louisa Oxiey, of Brown county, 
 Ohio. She was born in Virginia in 1802. By this 
 marriage one child, a son, was born to them, who only 
 lived 11 months. Louisa Titus died in 1831. In 1842 
 Mr. Titus married Catherine Sulby, of Medina count}', 
 Ohio. She was born in Richmond, Va., in 1820. In 
 1845 Philip and his faniilj' started for Monroe, work- 
 mg there six mouths at his trade. He then went to 
 Raisinville, remaining there three years. In 1850 he 
 moved upon his farm, erecting a tavern and keeping 
 the same; also was appointed gate-keeper of the 
 Satune and Monroe Plank Road Co. They never had 
 any children of their own, but adopted a girl, now 
 Mrs. Loyal .Jones. Mrs. Titus died Sept. 13, 1885, 
 aged 65 years. 
 
 ALFRED TOLER, farmer, of London, was born at 
 East Milan, May 18, 1857. His parents came from the 
 East to Michigan in 1837. At is years Alfred learned 
 the carpenter and joiner's trade. Married, July 3, 
 1879, Ella E. Bonney, who was born in Eaton county, 
 Oct 31.1863. After their marriage, moved to D.ikoia 
 and Arkansas. In 1886 moved his family to London, 
 Mich., upon a farm of 40 acres of land. Four children 
 were born to them. Address, London. 
 
 SOLO.MON TRAVIS, fanner and builder, was 
 born at Cool Spring, Pa., May 22, 1852. His parents 
 were German. Settled in Canada in 18CS. Solomon 
 left home, and in 1884 came to London. He is un- 
 married, his sister being his housekeeper. He leases 
 part of his properly, and most of his time is devoted 
 to fence building. 
 
 WILLIAM D. TUTTLE, a farmer of London, was 
 born June 30, 1823. Married Permelia P. Horton, 
 Feb. 6, 1850. She was born at Campbell, N. Y., Dec. 
 9, 1829. In 1855 they came to Superior, Mich. In 
 1878 they kept a hotel at Midland City, remaining one 
 year, when they came to London, purchasing 77 acres 
 of land. They have no children of their own, but 
 have three adopted, two boys and a girl. 
 
 MRS. E.MMA J. VAXDERLIP was born in London, 
 Oct. 22, 1842. Married, Jan. 10, 1864, Augustine 
 McLaughlin, of Petersburgh. He enlisted, December, 
 1863, in Co. D, 6th Mich. H. Art.; discharged in 1865. 
 He died June 6, 1873. Two children were born to 
 them. Dec. 23, 1877, .she married Charles S. Vander- 
 lip, of Detroit. In 1885 they came to London. No 
 
 children by the union. Mr. Vanderlip is in the lurn* 
 ber business, and his wife attends to the farm. 
 
 RICHARD P. WANLY, farmer, of London, was 
 born in England, Nov. 10, 1825. When 14 year.s of 
 age he left home to learn the bricklayer's trade. In 
 1847 married Eliznbeth Swinn, who was born in Eng- 
 land, Nov. 28, 1820. In 1827, with his wife and lam- 
 ily of seven children he came to Ameiica, locating 
 in Washtenaw county, Mich. In 1887, purchased a 
 farm at London, of .58 acres. To them 15 children 
 have been born. Address, London. 
 
 JAMES WATLING, a farmer of Oakville. Mich., 
 was born in England, April 28, 1830. In 1836 came 
 to America with his parents. In 18.59 he came to 
 London township, Mich. During the same j'ear he 
 married Mary E. Gillett. of Ohio, who was born at 
 Bloomfield, Ohio. May 16. 1830. Two children were 
 born to them, Alice and Elva, both deceased. Ad- 
 dress, Oakville, London township, Michigan. 
 
 JOHN WHEATON, Jr.. a retired carpenter and 
 joiner of London, was born in Burlington, Otsego 
 county, N, Y., April 15, 1808. His parents were of 
 American birth. John jr. lived at home on a farm 
 until he wa? 21 j'ears old. He then learned the car- 
 penter and joiner's trade, and being a natural me- 
 chanic, soon mastered his trade. During the winter 
 he worked at the shoemaker's trade. June 19, 1831, 
 he married Eliza Miller Ball, of Eseter, Otsego 
 county, N. Y , who was born in Exeter. N. Y , Feb. 
 10, 1809. In the year 1852 he moved to Oakville, 
 where he has since resided. They have ten children: 
 Eliza M., born April 14, 18.32; Sarah Electa, born 
 Feb. 15, 1834; Esther M., born Feb. 13, 1836; Eveline 
 .M., born April 22, 1838; Emiline M , born June 8, 
 1840; John M., May 20, 1842; William Penn, Sept. 
 30, 1844: Mary L., Aug. 30, 1846; Albert M., July 23, 
 1850; Melva J., Jan. 9, 18.52. John, a son of Mr. 
 Wheaton, enlisted Sept. 20, 1861, in Co. K, 1st Mich. 
 Cav. (Broadhead's Regiment). He whs captured at the 
 battle of Cedar Mountain and was confined in Lihby 
 prison seven weeks. He had two horses shot from 
 under him, and carries the marks of war to-day upon 
 his person. 
 
 LEVI WHITE was born in Potter county. Penn., 
 March 2. 1830. When 14 years of age learned the ma- 
 chinist trade; also, carpenter and joiner. Enlisted 
 August 23, 1861, in Co. I, 11th Mich. Vol. Inf., as a 
 private. Was wounded December 28, 1862, and sent 
 to hospital at Nashville, remauiing three months; was 
 di-charged May 13. J8r>3. Married May 30, 1852, 
 Nancy J. Greene, of Alfred Centre, N. Y., who was 
 born "August 24, 1827. In 1860 came to Michigan, 
 locating at London. One child was born to them: 
 Amanda G., born February 4, 18.54. Mr. White is a 
 member of Dundee Lodge, No. 472, F. & A. M. Held 
 ofiices of justice of the peace, highway commissioner 
 and drain commissioner. Address. London. 
 
 OSCAR WILKINS. of London, was born .at Bloom- 
 field, Ontario county, N. Y., April 18, 1817. April 8, 
 1840, married Amelia M. Pasko, of Chautauqua county, 
 N. Y., who was born in Ira township, N. Y., Septem- 
 ber 4, 1831. Six children were born to them. In 1843 
 they came to Michigan, purchased 40 acres of land 
 for speculation, sold the farm the following year 
 and purchased 160 acres in Summit township. In 
 1865 came to London, locating upon the farm where 
 they now reside. Asa A., oldest son of Mr. Wilkius, 
 enlisted February, 1862, in Co. L, 113lli Reg't Penn, 
 Vol. Cav.; was transferred to 12th Penn. Cav.; was 
 taken prisoner at battle of Getty.sburg, and died in 
 Andersonville prison, March 17, 1864. Address, Lon- 
 don. 
 
 ISAAC WILSON was born February 27, 1827, in 
 New Y'ork State. In June, 1846, he married Elizabeth 
 Viely, of Heartsville, N. Y., who was born at Beek- 
 man, N. Y., in 1830. In 1856 Mr. Wilson and family 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 35 
 
 moved to Michigan. .lamiary 27, Ihiu, he enlisUil in 
 Gth Mich. Heavy Artillery a.-^'a private. While in Ihc 
 service tie was taken sick, and has heen unable to do 
 any manual labor since. He was discbarcol at New 
 Orlians. August 20. lM(i.-;. and returned to Oakville, 
 Mich., where he now resides. To Mr. and Mrs. kViUoii 
 four children were born: Ceorge, Emma. Phoebe, and 
 William. Mr. Wil.aon is a member of Tavlor Post, 
 No. 274, (i. A. U., of Milan, Jlichigan. 
 
 .\IKS. SISAN A. WH.SON, of London, was born 
 in Haisinville. March lit, 1S3H. .January 6, ls"i9, mar- 
 ried E'astus r. Hawkes, of Otsego. Mich. Six chil- 
 dren were born. .July 3, 1H77. she married her second 
 husband, Ira Wilson, of New York State. lie was 
 born in 1K49. In Is'.'j they moved upon the farm 
 where they now reside. A divorce was granted Mrs. 
 Wilson from her firsl husband, E. P. Hawkes, in the 
 fall of 1M77. with alimony. 
 
 SYLVENDER WOODWARD, an active farmer of 
 London, Mich., was born in Orleans county. N. Y., 
 June M, 1>^20. He remained at home with his parents, 
 Nathaniel and Ruth (.Jackson) Woodward, until his 
 thirteenth year, then went to work on a farm. In l>*'i') 
 his parents came to what is now known as London 
 township. Sylvender the first four years engaged in 
 clearing the farm, which consisted of >iO acres He 
 then secured work as a carpenter and joiner, and 
 worked a portion of the time as a millwright. .June 
 10, 1H47, he married Khoda Ann Shaw, of Sellville, 
 Mich. She was born .January 11, IS23, at Uochester, 
 Mich. Four children have been born to them: Fran- 
 cis, born March 21, l^'4x: Ruth, born February 2<>, 
 ls.")4; Waller, born September 2. l><i(), and Chester, 
 born November 12, IHtil. Chester die<J Aui;u6t 10, 
 lsi;.1. .Mrs. Woodward died .September 12, 180-"), On 
 February 14, \Hli', Mr. Wowhvard married for his 
 second wife, .Martha Ann Wales, of Washtenaw coun- 
 ty, Mich. She wa.s ixjrn in New York Stale, ls.S«. 
 Four children have been born lo them: Ora, born 
 Septembers, 1x72; Don, born May 17, IHl'); Koscoc, 
 born May 'ix, ls7'J. They are all living. In the year 
 lx4!(, Mr. Woodward removed with his family to the 
 farm of his father, and has added lo it, and is now the 
 possessor of 2C0 acres. 
 
 WALTER N. WOODWARD, farmer, was born in 
 London township, September 2, 18.')6, upon the farm 
 settled by his grandfather in lN3<i. He was married 
 Kovcmljer 22, IhkJ, with Emtna Alban, of Ypsilaiiti. 
 Mich. She was iMirn August 2ti, ls(il. Two children 
 were born to them. Mr. Woodward worked upon his 
 father's farm, renting it upon shares until 1h84. In 
 1X82 he came in possession of the farm he now own-, 
 and rented it until ixf<-'), when he came to reside upon 
 it himself. 
 
 WILLIA.M .VRTHIR WOOD, of London, was born 
 in Milan, Monroe county, Mich., December :50, IhC;. 
 His mother died when he was si.\ years old. When 
 he was ten years old he- began working out by the 
 month and saving his earnings. AV'hen l--) years old he 
 ■was owner of a team and tools. .June 10, 18Kj, he 
 married .Jane Pool, of Milan, Mich. She was born in 
 Dundee. .Mtinroe county, Octobers, IKtJl. .\fter his 
 marriage they took the llently farm to work for one 
 year, and then the Buntz farm; then moved on the 
 farm known as the Raber farm, renting it for :i num- 
 ber of years. One child has been born to them: Edna, 
 bom .January 29, l>«i7. 
 
 9IILA!« TOIJVNSHIP. 
 
 HIRAM ALLEN, one of the oldest citizens of 
 Milan, was born m Chittenden county, near Burling- 
 ton, Vl., Febiuary 12, 1810. He remained Ihere until 
 1832, when be came to Monroe county, settling on a 
 farm one mile from Milan village, and has been in (he 
 township ever since, engaged in farming and survey- 
 ing. Ue was married in 183.j to Clari.sea Andrews, of 
 
 Vermont, who died in I'm. His second wife was 
 Laura Shilling, whom he married .March 29, 1842. and 
 who died Decmbsr 30, 1h-,2. He again married Octo- 
 l)er 9. 1S.53, M.iry S. Taylor, who is still living. His 
 children are : Carlos, born April 4, 1h:jO; Horace IL, 
 born Oclobcr 21, 1k37; .Jerome, born December 11, 
 ls:59; Eugene E, born February (i, !m4.-;. and Elvin 
 C. born April 3, 1H49. Mr. Allen w:is a Demo<rit 
 until |M.">6, and has since been a Republican. He has 
 been supervisor of the township manv v< ars, and in 
 lx.56 represented the county in the Slate legislature. 
 
 JEROME ALLE.N was born in Milan in 1x39. His 
 parents were fiom V'ermont. Jerome lived at home 
 until the breakimr out of the war, when he enlisted in 
 Co. K, 1st Mich. Cav., August, I8(fl. Company K was 
 broken up and he Wiis transferred to Co O of the same 
 regiment. He was engaged in all the actions of the 
 regiment, at Gettysburg and theGettysburg campaign; 
 was wounded in the slsoulder at Buckland's Mill Oct. 
 19, 18«3. Augusr, 1804, he wa-s discharged. He re- 
 turned to Milan, attended school one year, and then 
 taught scho j|. His fathc-r being a surveyor he engag- 
 ed with him, and has followed the businrss more or 
 le.ss up lo the present time. He married Delia S. 
 Allen, of Milan, in I8ti9. Her parents were from New 
 York Stale, and cnme to Michigan in the year 1800. 
 Mr. an<i Mrs. Jerome Allen have four children living: 
 Cora Uelle, Ella Mabel, Maud Elizi and IJIaiiche Fav. 
 Baby Allen, born November 26, 1874, lived l>ut ten 
 months. Mr. Allen is at present commissioner of 
 highways of Milan. His farm consists of 120 acres. 
 Mr. Allen is a member of I^ucius Taylor Post, No. 274, 
 and was the first comm:inder. 
 
 MRS. MARY AYLESUttRTH. of Milan, was born 
 October 11. IslO, in Sparli, N. Y. She was marrii-d 
 to her first husband. Willi im E. M;irvin. May 0, 1h41, 
 who WHS at that time engage I in the mercantile business 
 in Springwater V'allcy. N, Y. In September, 1844, be 
 came to Michigan anil seitled in Milan township, upon 
 a farm where he remained seven years, when he sold 
 the farm and engaired in mercantile business in Moore- 
 ville, Mich. He died April 21, 1809. To tliem five 
 children were born. Mrs. .Marvin m irried for her sec- 
 ond husband Daniel .Vylesworth, of .Mdan, in 1873. 
 
 CATHERINE WALLING BAKER, born in Yates 
 county, N. Y., in 1823. In 18.'>0 she married Charles 
 Baker. They moved to Michigan in 18.'i7. locating at 
 Macon, Monn^e county, where they engaged in clear- 
 ing a farm of so acres. Mr. Baker enlisted in 1x62 in 
 the 4th Cav., but was dis<harged as being unable t.) 
 perform the duties. Mrs Baker ia the mother of three 
 children: ICrnest, Alice and Minnie. 
 
 DAVID BLACKMER, of Milan, was born in Ilamp 
 shire county, Mass., October l."i, 1"803. When 1.5year.s 
 of age he learned the shoemaker's trade. In ls21 he 
 entered into partnership with a hoot and shoe firm at 
 Northfi^ld, Franklin county, Ma.ss.. where he remain- 
 ed three and one-half years. May 9, 1x20. he married 
 Zeviah Parmanter,of Northbormeh Worcester county, 
 Mass., whi> wiLS born July 4. ISC';. David lilackmer 
 came to Michigan M.iy 2, 18."><;, going lo Ypsihinti. In 
 18.>9 he moved to Saline, where he remained until IxTl. 
 In 1872 he came to .Milan and engaged in the mercan- 
 tile business. Mrs. Blackmer died from the effects of 
 a cancer October 13. I x71. Four children were born 
 to them. Mr. Blackmer is a member of the Baptist 
 church of Milan. In ix,x.", iie purchased a bell for the 
 church, whicli cost f I.OOD. 
 
 JOHN BINTZ, of .Mibti. was born August 22, 
 1803. He came to Michigan with his parents in 18:J3. 
 Mr. Buntz married the widow of Dr. Isaac Hurd, Feb- 
 ruary 3, Ix.'iO. Dr. Ilurd ilicd at Milan village in 1844, 
 leaving the care of five children to his widow: Maria, 
 born IS30; tJeorge, 183X: Andrew, 1X40: Hannah, 
 1842, and Mary Ann; 1x44. Mr. and Mrs. Buntz 
 move<l from their farm in London township to Milan 
 in 188:5. 
 
36 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 JOB BURNAP, a retired farmer of Milan, was born 
 at Charleston, Moutgomery county, N. Y., November 
 0, 1816. Mr. Burnap was married three times; mar- 
 ried bis first wife when 23 yeais of age, and settled in 
 Chenango, N. Y. Three rears later was elected post- 
 master under William Henry Harrison, for German, 
 N. Y. In 1849 he married his second wife, Olive 
 Spencer, of Cherry Valley, Otsego county, N. Y. By 
 this mnrriage ten children were born. January 10, 
 1804, Olive, liis second wife, died at the age of 43. He 
 married for his third wife. Mrs. Rebecca Johnson, 
 February 18, IsCi, of Ash, Monroe county, Mich., who 
 died in 1880^ at the age of 59. He was again married 
 January 35, 1881, with Mrs. Mary A. Gilmore, of Graf- 
 ton, Mich., where they remained until 1885, when they 
 moved to Milan, where they own a farm of 240 acres. 
 Mr. Bitmap has held many offices of trust. Is always 
 ready to aiil the needy. 
 
 FRANKLIN CAMPBELL, a farmer of Milan, was 
 born October 2, 1854. His parents came to Milan in 
 1851. He married February 11, 1878, Ellen Dunlap, 
 of LaSalle. Tliree children were born to them : Edgar 
 F. Campbell, born July 18, 1879; Alice M., born Jan- 
 uary 10, 1883, and Harry J., born Novembers, 1K80. 
 Address, Milan, Michigan. 
 
 SAMUEL CAMPBELL was born March 25, 1831, in 
 Orleans county, N. Y. ; came to Michigan in 1831. 
 Married Liddie Oles, of Allegany county, N. Y. Seven 
 children were born to them: FrankUn. born October 
 2, 1854; Charles, born February 7, 1857; Annie E. 
 born August 20, 1800, died April 7, 1803; Albert ami 
 Alfred (twins), born September 15, 1860; Minor born 
 March 7, 1868, and Peter, born October 27, 1873. Ad- 
 dress, Milan, Michigan. 
 
 THOMAS CARRUTH, of Milan, was born at Marl- 
 borough, Mass., in 1849, His parents died when he 
 was very young. When 14 years of age learned the 
 blacksmith trade, and soon after shipped as cabin-boy 
 on a vessel bound for Liverpool, remaming in England 
 four years. In 1808 he returned to America. In 1883 
 he came to Michigan and began blacksmilhing. and 
 the past two years has been engaged in the stave busi- 
 ness. Address, Milan, Michigan. 
 
 DANIEL CASE, a farmer of Milan, was born in 
 London township, July 1, 1830. His father. Barnard 
 Case, came to Monroe countv in 1832, and was a sur 
 veyor by profession. He died in 1855. Daniel Case 
 settled in Milan township in 1873. He enlisted August 
 24, 1801, in Co. I, 11th Mich. Inf., and was mustered 
 out September 13, 1864, serving with his regiment in 
 all its hard-fought battles. He was married Novem- 
 ber 7, 1808, to Catl-.eiine C. Dean, also a native of 
 Monroe county. Their one child. Clara A., was born 
 August 5, 1872. 
 
 JOHN CHASE, of Milan, was born at Mt. Morri.s 
 N. Y., Feb. 24, 1817. His father died when John was 
 ten years old, when his mother moved to Monroe- 
 ville, Ohio. In 1S36 he came to Monroe county- 
 worked in the Waterloo saw mill, and in 1840 went in 
 busmess for himself. In 1844 he married Emily Jane 
 Miller, of Monroe. April, 1848, he purchased a farm 
 in Milan, on section 23, of 80 acres. In 18,50 he pur- 
 chased one-half interest in the Brookmcr mill at 
 RaisinviUe, and before 1851 had purchased the entire 
 mill. Aprd 5, 1853, his wife died; for his second 
 wife lie married Susan Sherman, Aug. 15 1853 who 
 was born July 23, 1832, at Edmeston, N. Y. Mr 
 Chase sold his interest at RaisinviUe, and purchased 
 a null at Milan, where he continued in the business 
 until 1881. Since then has followed farminsr Mr 
 Chase has seven children, three by his first wife 
 Alma Savira, born Nov. 10, 1840, died Oct. 15 1800- 
 George Il.botn Sept. 4, 1849, now resident of Nebraska! 
 oo\m F, born Aug. 27, 1851, noiv resident of Om .ha 
 Vj-'^'i"".'',^^ '^^ second, Emely Jane, born June 23, 
 18o4, died May 18, 1800; Edward K.,born May 1 1,S56 
 now resident of Milan; Edgar Frank, born May 2' 
 
 1858, now resident of Dexter; Anna Belli', born ,Ian. 
 18, 1873, now resident of Milan. Address, Milan. 
 
 PETER COMPEAU, of Mil .n, was born Aug. 1, 
 1837, at Bedford, Monroe county. His parents were 
 born at Detroit. His father died wlien Peter was five 
 years of age, and at the age of ten he was an orphan. 
 When 14 years old he began life as a fisherman and a 
 sailor on Lake Erie. August, 1864, he enlisted in 
 Co. A, 18lh Mich. Inf.; was di charged July, 1865. 
 He returned to Monroe county and learned the liarness- 
 roaker's trade Feb. 22, 1&70, he married Mary De 
 Sherler, of Bedford, Mich. One child was born to 
 them, Alida, Nov. 26. 1870. Mr Compeau is a mem- 
 ber of Taylor Post, No. 274, G. A. R , of Milan. 
 
 MRS. EVELINE DAHM, of East Milan, Mich, was 
 born in Wayne county, Mich., in 1850. and has always 
 lived there up to 1875, when she, with her husbind, 
 Peter (Dahm) moved to Milan, Monroe county. Mr. 
 Dahm was a blacksmith, and always worked at his 
 trade. He enlisted at the commencement of the 
 Rebellion, in Co. C. 9th Mich. Cav. Six children 
 were born to them, two of whom are now living, 
 Benjamin F. and Alma. Mr. Dahm died May 4, 1885. 
 MRS. ANN J. DAVIS, of Milan, was ' born in 
 Orleans county, New York, in 1830. Her parents, 
 Isaac P. and Esther (Clark) Horton, were residents of 
 New York State, and in 1835 they moved to Moore- 
 ville, Mich , where Mr. Horton had a saw mill. He 
 died September 29, 1869; his wife March 27, 188-3. 
 Ann J. HortOD married Cyrus A. Davi-i, April 9, 1857. 
 He was born in New York State, September 26, 1827. 
 He moved with his parents in 1838 to York, Mich. 
 He was a carpenter and joiner, and worked at his 
 trade until his death. He died January 28, 1882. 
 
 JOSIAH P. DEXTER, of Milan, was born July 21, 
 1853,at York, Mich. At 18 years of ageheleft home and 
 began engineering. In 1883 he opened a blacksmith 
 shop with U. Steffy for a partner. November 1, 1875, 
 he married Rlioda R. Throop, of York, Mich., who 
 was born Augu t 31, 1857. Thiee children were born 
 to them, Louisa, Edwin and Amy. In 1887 he was 
 made constable of Milan. Addrcssj .Milan, Mich. 
 
 ELBERT W. DRURY, of Milan, was born Oct. 26, 
 1828, in Madison county, N. Y. He learned the car- 
 penter's trade of his father. In 1846 he moved to 
 Wood county, Ohio, where he vvorked at his trade. 
 He lived at Toledo, Ohio, 14 years, and from there he 
 moved to Monroe county, Mich. He married Chalists 
 Peck, March 0, 18.50. Three children were born to 
 them. In 1865 Mr. Drury enlisted in Co. I, 55th Ohio 
 Inf. He was discharged Dec. 23, 1865. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Taylor Post, G. A. R., of Milan. 
 
 NORMAN M. ENfJLE, a famer of Milan township, 
 was born 111 York, Washtenaw county. April 15, 1835. 
 His father, Tho.s. L , was born in Steuben county, N.Y., 
 in 1789, and died in 1843. He came to Monroe, Mich., 
 in 1832, and purchased of government one-fourih of 
 section 15 in Milan township, upon a portion of which 
 Norman now resides. The latter was married in 18.59 
 to Anne Knowles. Their children are Thomas, Miola 
 and Elizabeth. Mr. Engle enlisted in the Union army 
 in 1804; served about ten months, and participated in 
 three engagements. 
 
 CHARLES FOURNIA, of Milan, was born at De- 
 troit in 1839. His parents were born in Canada, and 
 came to Michigan in 1820. In the fall of 1800 Charles 
 purchased a farm of 40 acres in RaisinviUe. In 1861 
 he enlisted in Co. D, 7th Mich. Inf., under Capt. 
 Darr. Was in the following battles: Fair Oaks, Sav- 
 age Station, White Oak Swamp, Midvern Hill and 2d 
 Bull Run. He was wounded Sept. 17, 1863, and was 
 discharged Oct. 27, 1803, on account of wounds re- 
 ceived. He returned to Monroe and canvassed for 
 sewing machines until Feb. 23, 1864, when he en- 
 listed in the 6tli Mich. II. Art , and was sent to Port 
 Hudson, Miss. He did garrison duty until 1865, when 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 37 
 
 hi' was muslereii out by General Orcler No. 19, at New 
 Orleans. March 17, 1864, he married Amy Sherman, 
 who was horn at Milan in 1842, and died in Sept( mber, 
 1871). leavint; two children. He married for his sec- 
 ond wife Mary K. Calhoun, of London, who was born 
 in Ohio in 1847. Two chililren were born to them. 
 Mr. Fournia has been engaged in several occupalions. 
 In \f>*4 he purchased his present farm aud dairy, lie 
 is a first-class mechanic and machinist. 
 
 SIMEON A. FRINK was born in Monroe county 
 in 1853. Married Catherine Bruckner in 187.') She 
 was tiorn in New York State in 185.'). Four children 
 were burn to Ihem : Stephen, age 11 years, EIner E. 
 8 years, Lizzie N., 6 years, and Edna M, 3 years. Mr. 
 Frink owns a tine farm of 80 acres in Milan. 
 
 STEPHEN FHINK, of East Milan, was born in 
 Baih lowiiship, Steuben county, N. V., in 1S2I. He 
 came to Michigan in 18:!7 and lueated on the farm he 
 now owns, on section 20, .Milan township. In 1S42 he 
 man led Miss Sallie M. Holcomb; she was born in 
 Stall'ord, Orleans county, N. Y., in 182:J. They had 
 four children. Miles, their son, enlisted in U. S. A., 
 in 1862, as private; was promoted to corporal, and 
 was killed by the explosion of Ihe steamboat "Sul- 
 tana," in 1865. He was at the lime on his way home, 
 as an exchanged prisoner of w.ar. He was captured at 
 Athens while charging the fort at said place" He re- 
 enlisted in Co. H, 121 h Mich. Vol. Inf. Two of their 
 children died from disease, and they have one son, 
 Simeon Frink, living. 
 
 .SIMON H. GAY. of Milan, was born in Herkimer 
 county, N. Y., in 1832. His parents came to Michi 
 gan in 183.-1. locating on a farm in LaSalle. In ls"5 
 Simon married Susan M. llarwood, of Saline, Mich. 
 In 18.j8 he moved to Milan, and opened a blacksmith 
 shop. In 18()4 he opened a general supply store. Mr. 
 Gay owns considerable land around .Milan, which is 
 known as " Gay's Addition." Three sons were born 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Gay: William, CharUs and Edward. 
 Mr. Gay has been postmaster at Milan, and in ls72 was 
 appointed juslicc of the peace, which otlice he held 
 four years. 
 
 MRS. POLLY GREENFIELD, of East Milan, was 
 born in New York State in 1825; was married in 1814, 
 and came to Ohio in 1845. In 18.52 came to Michigan. 
 In 1876 settled in Monroe county. Mrs. Greenfield is 
 the mother of ten children, si.v living: Albert H., 
 Calvin, Amanda, Emma, Orville D. aud .John, 'i'he 
 deceased are LaFayelte, Lucy A., Sylvia and Daviil. 
 David was born in 1845, and enlisted in 1H64 in Co. H, 
 8th Mich. Cav. , under General Hood. Was taken 
 sick with measles and died in Tennessee, May 20, 
 1865. 
 
 BETIU'EL HACK, who died in l!s72, was born in 
 Greenwich, Mass., July 17, 1796, and came to Milan in 
 1832. and settled on a farm, where he remained until 
 his death. He was married to Sallie Payne in 1S26. 
 who still survives him. Their children are: Emeline, 
 bom August 3, 1829, died in infancy; Sarah Adahne 
 born September 27, 1834, wife of William Oslrander; 
 William II. Hack, born July 2, 1837, who resides in 
 Milan, and James B., born August 7, 1845, who died 
 in the Union service, March 24, 1862. Mr. Hack was 
 a justice of the peace and an influential citizen of 
 Milan. 
 
 MAVEL G. HAIGHT, farmer of London township, 
 was born at Casanovia, N. Y., in 1811. and is a car- 
 penter by trade, in 1833 he came to Washtenaw 
 county, Mich., and three years after stttlcd in London, 
 where he has remained ever since. He s rved as n 
 musician in the Toledo war. He was niariied in 1^32 
 toC\nlhia Orcult, who died in 1849. He aflerw;irds 
 married Roxanna Drcwey, who died in 18H1. They 
 have had four children. He is a Republican in poli- 
 tics. 
 
 LEWIS HALL, of Milan, was born February 18, 
 1854, iu the town of York, Washtenaw county. His 
 
 parents, Aaron and .lane Hall, were natives of Michi- 
 gan, being among the people who were born prior to 
 1^30. Aaron Hall enlisted during the war of the Rubel- 
 lum in Co E, 18th Mich. Vol. Inf., in 1862, remain- 
 ing in the service two years and ten months. He was 
 captured at the bailie of Stone River, and wjis held 
 prisoner for four months. He died at Palmyra, Mich., 
 October 21. 1876. Lewis left home when 13 years old 
 to do for himself, working on a farm three years, and 
 then he secured work on the L. S. & M. S. railroad, 
 working for them four years. In March, IHSl, he be- 
 came an employee of the Wabash & Si. Louis railroad. 
 Mr. Hali married Julia .Mills, of Ogden, .Mich., March 
 21, 1879. His wife lived but a few months after her 
 marriage. Died December 9, ls79, :iwl 17 years. In 
 December, 1861, Mr Hall again married, Alma Fields, 
 of Rai>iiiville, Monroe couiilv. Three children have 
 been horn to them: K'la. who died when 15 months 
 old; Ellsworth and Frank. 
 
 MRS. ABIGAIL HANSON, of Milan, was born at 
 Saratoga Springs, N. Y., July 23, 1824. Her father, 
 Mr. Lawrence, came to Michigan in 1838, settled on a 
 farm in Jackson county, Mich. Mrs. Hanson was 
 married to Geo. M. Hanson, of York, Washtenaw 
 county, .Alich., October 1.5, 1843. Eight years after 
 he removed to Milan, where he purchased a share in 
 a saw and grist mill. After a few years he sold his 
 share in this mill and purcha.sed the Toland mill, and 
 after three years sold out and went to Jackson to live. 
 In 1867 they returned to Milan, where they have since 
 lesided. .Mr. Hanson was born in lsr,> in the Slate of 
 Maine. Mrs. Hanson is the mother of five children. 
 Herbert A. Taylor, a grandson, enlisted in the army 
 July 21, 1S62, at the age of 16 years. He is a member 
 I,ucius Taylor Post, No. 274, and is the youngest sol- 
 dier belonging to any Post in Monroe county. 
 
 ALBERT S. II. ilAYDEN was born November 0, 
 1K58, at Tecumseh, Mich. His parents located at 
 Tecumseh in 1857; his father being proprietor of the 
 Globe Flour .Mills at that place. Albert attended 
 DeVeau.v College at Niagara Falls, N. Y., from which 
 he graduated in 1876. On his return home he entered 
 the mill with his father, but was obliged to give it up 
 on account of ill health. January 6, 18M1, he married 
 Eva Lacy Tiimble, of Tecumseh. During 18.^1 Mr. 
 Haydeu attended lo the shipping department at the 
 Globe Mills. In Is.s2 he came to Milan, aud erected 
 the sl;ive and heading works of which he is manager. 
 Mr. Hayden is a Mason, having taken his :i2d degree. 
 He has b(en a prime mover in many improvements 
 which Milan people now enjoy. 
 
 DANIEL WASHINGTON HUNTER was born 
 February 22, 1^32. Daniil remained at home until 21 
 years of age. He learned his father's trade, that of 
 carpenter and joiner. He went to Cleveland, where 
 he worked at his trade four years, when he went to 
 Kelley's Island, where he was employed by the 
 United Slates Government to survey the islands of 
 Lake Erie. .Mr. Hunter was twice married. His first 
 wife was Elizabeth Taylor. To lliem four children 
 were horn. His second wife, Eva Fisher, was born at 
 Maumee, Ohio, in 1S3S. aud was nmiTied JIarch 6, 
 l.HSl. In ISST Mr. Hunter came to Milan, and is a 
 member of the M. E. church of that village. 
 
 ANDREW D. JACKSON was horn in Ontario 
 county, N. Y., July 16, ls41. He enlisted in Co. G, 
 Olh .Mich. Cav., as private, going direct to Washing- 
 ton, D. C ; was in the battles of (Jetlysburg, Hanover, 
 Vr'illiamsport, Boonsborough, Brandy Station imd 
 othirs; was l;iken prisoner .September 16, l.S(i3; ujis iu 
 Libby iirison thiee days; was ilischarged in March, 
 lH65,when they dismounted and rejoined Ihe command 
 afli r the surrender at Petersburg; was finally dis- 
 charged at Jackson, Mich., in December, 1865." No- 
 vember IS, 1S68, he married Frances .\. Richards, of 
 York; hive no children of their own; have an adopted 
 son; moved to Milan village where he resided in 1884; 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 has been town clerk of York township, and at present 
 assessor ol Milan. He is a member of I,ucius Taylor 
 Post, No. 374; also justice of the peace for four years 
 at York. 
 
 UIRAM .TACOBS, of Milan, was born at Raisinville, 
 Monroe county, March 19,1835. At the age of 16 he left 
 home to learn the blacksmith's trade. He married 
 Eliza C'hikls, of Milan. To them eight children were 
 born, five of whom are living. Mr. .facobs enlisted in 
 Co. I, l.")lh Mich. Inf., as a private. On April 6, 1802, 
 he was wounded and was discharged in July on 
 account of injuries received. He lived upon a farm of 
 40 acres until 1882, when he sold it and came to 
 Milan. He is a member of Taylor Post, No. 274, 
 G. A. R., of Milan. 
 
 MRS. MARY' .lONE.S was born in Niagara county. 
 New York, in 1834. She followed hou.sekeeping until 
 ,Iune 11, 18.59, when she was married to Rev. Henry 
 Jones, of Monroe county, Mich. Rev. Jones was a 
 Free Methodist. Henry came with his parents to 
 Monroe county when a lad. He was in Ohio one year, 
 but most of Ills lime was spent in Michigan. He died 
 April 1, 1874, aged 43, at Ida, Michigan. Four chil- 
 dren were born to them, the oldest being but ten years 
 at the time of Rev Jones' death. In 1879 Mrs. Jones 
 moved to East Milan, remaining here until 1884, when 
 she came to Milan Village. She had three brothers 
 in the late Rebellion, Schuyler McFall, a member of 
 17th ]\Iich. Inf., who was wounded, but returned, and 
 is living in Augusta, Mich.; Daniel McFall was injured 
 and receives a pension. Harrison McFall, also of the 
 same regiment, was captured and supposed to have 
 starved to death in Andersonville prison. 
 
 ELI II. KINEAR, of Milan, was born at Lima, 
 New Yovk, Feb. 37, 1827. He left home at the age 
 of 11 years, working upon a farm, and in 1853 came 
 to Michigan, locating at Milan. August 17, 1863, he 
 enlisted in Co. C, 5th Mich. Cav., under General 
 Custei', until General Custer was promoted, was then 
 under General Staggs. He was mustered out July 3, 
 1865, and returned to Milan and commenced farming; 
 married July 3, 1851, Rosetta Chamberlin, of New 
 Y^ork State. To them four children were born. He 
 is a member of Taylor Post, No. 374, G. A. R. of 
 Milan. His farm consists of 100 acres. 
 
 EDGAR F. KNICKERBOCKER, merchant tailor, 
 of Milan, was born in York, Mich., July 13, 1862. 
 His father was born in New Y'ork vState in 1832, and 
 is of the old Knickerbocker family. Edgar attended 
 school at what was then called the Old Town Line 
 school house; he then came to Milan, attended the 
 Union school for three years, when he began teaching 
 at PiltsfieUl Junction. August 30, 1883, he married 
 Minnie M. Harper, of Milan. One child, Edgar 
 Harper, was born Oct. 20, 1884. Mr. Knickerbocker 
 was appointed principal of the first ward school at 
 Cadillac, Mich., in 1883. He taught until healih 
 failed, and then entered gents' furnishing store at 
 Milan. In 1887 he opened a store of his own, the 
 exclusive one of the kind in Milan. 
 
 MRS. MARY KNITTLE, of East Milan, was born 
 at Baltimore, Md., in 1850. Ht-r parents came to 
 Michigan in 1865, and located at Blue Bush, Monroe 
 county. Mrs. Knittle's maiden name was Haag; she 
 married Louie Knittle in 1863. at Monroe City, Mich. 
 They came to East Milan, where Mr. Knittle worked 
 at the blacksmith trade. In 1885 he died of Bright's 
 disease. 
 
 PATRICK KNOWLES, a farmer of Milan, wos 
 born in Queen's county, Ireland, September 39, 1803. 
 He attended school until III years of age. September 
 29, 1836, he married Bridget Doherty, of Queen's 
 county, Ireland. In 1830 they came to America, and 
 worked U]-on a farm in New York State. In 1838 
 came to Michigan, locating upon a farm in Monroe 
 county, Mich. In 1856 he carried the mail for two 
 
 and a half years tri- weekly, between Monroe and Ann 
 Arbor, Mich. In 1875 he purchased the place in 
 Milan. Eleven children were born to them, four 
 living. Thomas, a son of Patrick, enlisted in Oct., 
 1861, in Co. K, 3d Mich. Cav. He was discharged 
 as corporal, Jan. 19, 1804; re-enlisted same day in Co. 
 G, 3d Michigan Cav., and was discharged Feb. 12, 
 1866. 
 
 THOMAS LACY, of Milan, was born Feb. 1, 1817, 
 in Monroe county, N. J. When 17 years of age he 
 learned the carriage trade, and in 1839 commenced 
 the manufacture of carriages at Jersey City. As busi- 
 ness increased he was obliged to take a partner, and 
 the firm Hutton & Lacy continued business until 1873, 
 when Mr. Lncy sold out his interest, and moved to 
 Tecumseh, Mich., where he resided on a farm for 
 seven years, when he came to Milan and opened a sup- 
 ply store, which he sold after three years, and has now 
 retired from active life. December, 1839, he married 
 Anna Kilpalrick, of Eliziibelh, N.J. Eight childriu 
 were born to them. In 1863 Mrs Lacy died. Mr. 
 Lacy married for his second wife Mr.". Elizahelh 
 Trimble, of Ohio, whose family cocsistcd of two 
 children. One child was born to Ihcni, Thomas 
 T., jr., July, 1866, who is now a photographer, at 
 Milan. 
 
 BENJAMIN W. LAMKIN was born at Raisinville, 
 Monroe county, Mich., Dec. 10, 1836. His parents 
 were eastern people, and came to Michigan while it 
 was still a wilderness. April, 1861, he married Eunice 
 Johnson, of Raisinville She was born in New York 
 State, Dec. 1, 1836. Her parents came to Michiuan in 
 1853 or '54. To Mr. and Mrs. Limkiu eight children 
 were born, four of whom are living. In 1887 Mr. 
 Lamkin built a foundry and blacksmith shop, a long- 
 felt want in Milan, this being the only complete works 
 in that section. 
 
 MRS. CHARLOTTE E. LAMKIN, of Milan, was 
 born in Otsego county, N. Y., Oct. 13, 1833. Her 
 parents were eastern ptople, and came to Michigan in 
 1842, locating on a farm in Hudson. Charlotte re- 
 mained ht homi' until Oct. 16, 1860, when she was 
 married to Dr. Silas A. Newcomb, of Clayton, Mich. 
 In 1861 they moved to Oakville, where the doctor 
 continued his practice until 1871, when his health 
 failed him. The doctor opened a general store, and 
 in 1870 put in a slock of drugs, and gave what atten- 
 tion his health would permit to the store. December 
 22, 187(i, after an illness of two weeks, he died. Four 
 children were born to them, David, Asahel, Julia 
 and David Curtis, all living. After the doctor's death 
 his wife continued the business until the year 1879, 
 when she married Robert A. M. Lamkin, Wayne 
 county, Mich. In 1883 they moved on a farm near 
 Oakville, and the yeir following moved to Milan vil- 
 lage. 
 
 ALBERT H. LEWIS, a brick and stonemason of 
 Milan, was born in New York State, April 1, 1845. 
 He enlisted Auaust 16, 1861, in Co. M, 1st Mich. Cav. 
 Was in the battle of Gettysburg, and numerous others; 
 was taken prisoner and confined in Libby Prison; was 
 discharged March 25, 1860, at Fort Bridges, Wyoming 
 Territory. In 1881 married Sarah Stay, of Detroit, 
 Mich. He is a member of Lucius Taylor Post, No. 
 274, of Milan. Address, Milan, Michigan. 
 
 E. M. LEWIS, of East Milan, was born in Steuben 
 county,N.Y. in 1849. Came to Michigan in 1874, work- 
 ing upon a farm. In 1874 purchased a farm in Dundee 
 township. In 1874 married Amelia Critchett, of Lon- 
 don township. They have no children of their own, 
 but have an adopted daughter. In 1877 Mr. Lewis 
 opened a general store at East Milan, which he con- 
 tinues to manage. In 1881 erected a charcoal kiln, and 
 at present has seven kilns in operation— the annual 
 consumption of wood being 4,000 cords, producing 
 130.000 bushels of charcoal. In 1884 erected a brick 
 and tile works. In 1886, 450,000 brick and 350,000 
 
PERSONAL IIISTOKIES. 
 
 39 
 
 tile were produced, iriving eniploviiieiit to fourteen 
 men. He also lias in operation a portable saw mill. 
 Owns 200 acres of farniins; land, upon which lie has 
 Poland China lioi^s and thoroughbred cattle. 
 
 MRS. BETSKY LYON, of Milan, was born in Ver- 
 mont in ISO!). In isi,") her parents came to Micliiiian, 
 loc-atiuK in London township, Monroe county, on UiO 
 acres they had purchased of the United Stales Gov- 
 eminent, where she resided until the death of both 
 father and mother. Mrs. Lyon was married in 1874, 
 and removed with her husband to Saline, Mith., 
 where they resided until September, lfs4. They then 
 came to Milan, where Mr. Lyon died February 27, 
 ISMl. Mrs. I^yon still resides at Milan. 
 
 C. \V. M.VRHLE, a justice of the peace of Milan 
 township, was born in Litchlield, ('onn., August 17, 
 1.S21. Me has since resid( d in Lake and Portage coun- 
 ties and other places in Ohio, Galena, 111., and in the 
 Stattt of New York, lie came to Milan in ISIIO, and 
 fi)r fourteen years has been a justice of the peace . He 
 was first married in 1847 to Ilopestill T. Ketcliuni, 
 who died in 18l!0. His second wife was Hannah Wil- 
 cox, whom he married in \H{>H. She died August '.'S, 
 ISSG. They have two children: Joel L. and Mary A., 
 wife of Winfiekl S. Wallace. He is a member of the 
 I. O. O. P. 
 
 NEWCOMB MEAD, a farmer of Milan township, 
 was born in Livinirston county, N Y., in ISUJ, and 
 settled on present farm in lS;i4. He was married in 
 early manhood to Diana Sanford. They have had 
 three children: Lucilla, AVinfield and Elmer, all of 
 whom reside in Milan. Fie is a Kepublican in politics, 
 and has been highway commissioner and township 
 treasurer, and has tilled various other offices. 
 
 CHARLES A. MOORE, of .Alilan, was born at 
 Raisinville, Monroe county, .Mich., April 4, iyr>2. His 
 parents caine to Michigan in 1833. Charles attended 
 the district school until 13 years of age. In 1874 he 
 went to Oberlin, Ohio, to study telegraphy. In 1S7G 
 he mairicd Emma A. Bennett, of Augusta, Midi. 
 Three children were horn to them. Mr. Moore has 
 held several township ofEces, and at present is clerk 
 of .Milan village, having held the office since the in- 
 corponition of the village in 18S4; also has charge of 
 the Pacific E.\pres8 Company's business at Milan. 
 
 .JERUSHA CLARK PAINE, born in New York 
 Stale in ISIO, came to Michigan in is, 7. She married 
 Samuel Paine in New York State in 1824. He was 
 born in IHOO, died in IS.jO. Horatio and Winsor, sons 
 of Samuel Paine, enlisted in the war, Horatio in istil 
 in Co. F, Gth Mich Inf.. and was killed at bitlle of 
 Baton Rouge. Winsor enlisted in 18(i3 in 20tli Mich. 
 Inf., died al hospital in Kentucky from disease con- 
 tracted while in the army. Jacob, another son, enlist- 
 ed in 1862 in .illi Mich. Cav., in Co. M., and is still 
 living Mrs. Paine has one son, C. M., who Is a rail- 
 road carpenter on the Toledo & Ann Arbor Railroad. 
 B F. Paine is engaiied as bookkeeper and clerk of the 
 same road. One daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Paine. Address, Milan. 
 
 MRS ABIGAIL PHILLIPS was born at Romulus, 
 Sentca county, N. Y., November l.j, 1813. She mar- 
 ried Mr. Phillips December 27, 1840. He was born ai 
 Candor Tioga county, N. Y., April 29, 1813. He died 
 August 30, iS81, from paraljsis; be held many oflicc< 
 of Inist One child was born to them, Clarence D, 
 born June 26, 1842. At the breaking out of the Re- 
 bellion he enlisted in Hall's Independent t-liarp 
 Shooters. He died at army corps hospital at City 
 Point February I'J, 1865. He was buried at Rice 
 Cemetery, Milan. 
 
 EMMITT F. PY'LE, M. D., of Milan, was born De- 
 cember 20, 1846, at Pckin, N. Y. He attended Gene- 
 see Weslevan Seminary, at Lima, N.Y.,lIobarl College, 
 at Geneva, N. Y. lie entered the hospital of the 
 Sisters of Charity as steward; he remained there two 
 
 years. In 1866 hegraduated from the Buffalo Medical 
 University; he began the practice of medicine al 
 Pekin. N. Y'. In 1882 he came to Milan. He married 
 in 1875 Etta Menzic, of Niagara Falls, N. Y. One 
 child was horn to them. Dr. Pyle was instrumental 
 in the incorporating of Milan village, and was a mem- 
 ber of the tiisl b(i:ird of trustees; is president of village; 
 lor a number of years li:is been a director of the villnge 
 union school; is a member of many different secret 
 societies; is member of the Michigan Sovereign Consis- 
 tory, 'Valley of Detroit, Orientof Michigan, A. A. S. R., 
 32d degree Mason. 
 
 MRS. JESSE REDMAN, of Milan, was born in 
 York, Washtenaw county, Mich., April 15, 1846. Her 
 parents, Edward and Sarah Rawson, were eastern 
 people. and came to Michigan al an early date, teltlitig 
 al York. Mrs. Redman, iiec Rosina Rawson, was mar- 
 ried Seplemher 16, 1866. Her husband, Jesse Redman, 
 was born in London, England, in 1843. At the break- 
 in; out of the Rebellion he enlisted in Co. .M, 2d 
 Mich. Cav. He was discharged from service by Gen- 
 eral Order No. 83 June 21 , 181)5. He returned to'Milan, 
 where he eng.iged in farming until his death on Aug. 
 31, 1S85. Mrs. Redman is the mother of five children: 
 Rosa Lena, born June 10, 1867; Anna Nellie, born 
 July 21, 186'.>; William Edward, born February 24, 
 187!); Addie Lurcna, born March 19. 1873, and Walter 
 B, born April 27, 1881. Mrs. Redman manages her 
 farm of I'JO acres, looking after its interests in all its 
 details herself. 
 
 THO.M.VS RICHARDS, of Milan, was born in 
 England September 17, 1825. In 1830 his parents 
 came to Michigan. Thomas remained at home until 
 his 18lli year; having learned the cooper's triidc, he 
 went to Grand Rapiils, Mich., for employment. Sep- 
 tember, 1848. be married Urania Blakesley, of Madi- 
 son county, N. Y'. They located upon a farm in llic 
 town of 'York, wiierc they remained until 1856, when 
 they came to Milan. Two children were born to them: 
 George B and Elizabeth P. In IStiO he began tiie 
 mail and e.Npress business from Milan to Monroe 
 which he continued 12 years. IMrs Richards died Sep- 
 tember 10, 1f^65. April 8, 1885, he married Elsie E. 
 Campbell, of Milan, wuo was born in Eric county. Pa., 
 March 20, 1k57. One son was born to them, Waller T. 
 Mr. Richards is a member of no church, but con- 
 tributes largely to three churches in Milan. 
 
 DR, RANDAL SCIiUY'LER was born in Wash- 
 tenaw county, Mich., May, 1854. He graduated from 
 Michigan University, Medical Department, in IS77. 
 In June, 1877, he came to East Milan, and com- 
 menced practicing. In 18.S6 he built a store, and 
 now carries an entire stock of drugs anil medicines. 
 In 1880 he married Mary E. Simpson. To tlicin two 
 children were horn, Edith and Nellie. Dr. Schuyler 
 has a good practice, and owns a line residence. " At 
 one lime had charge of Washtenaw Insane Asylum. 
 Address, Milan, Michigan. 
 
 MRS. SARAH L. SIMMONS was born in Wayne 
 coiuily. New Y'ork, Feb. 1811» Her parents came to 
 Y'ork, Mich., in 1832. .Mrs. Simmons' brother, Syl- 
 vester Davis, wius the first white man buried in the 
 township. Durfee Siinmoiis came to Michigiin in the 
 spring of 18;j6, and married October, isy7. He 
 was a carpenter and joiner by trade. He was born at 
 Madison, -Madison county, N"ew York, October 12, 
 1805, and died at Milan, Mich., November 5, ISMl. 
 Six children were born to them. At the time of Mr. 
 Simmons' marriage he was lieutenant-colonel of 
 heavy artillery of New Y'ork, holding the appoint- 
 ment from Gov. Massey. He was prime mover in 
 the organization of the Baptist church al Milan. 
 
 MRS. DESIRE SMITH, of Milan, was born in 
 Lodi. Mich., in 1830. July 3, 1s56, Mrs. Smith mar- 
 ried Edward P. Smith, of Augusta, Mich. He died 
 June 24, 1885. He enlisted in 1861 as private, and 
 was promoted to second lieutenant. Mrs. Smith is 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 X 
 
 the mother of four children, three of whom are living. 
 Address, Milan. 
 
 DEWITT C. STEEVER, of Milan, was born at 
 Ypsilanti, Michigan, Januarj- 14, 1837. When 17 
 years of age he learned the wagonmaker's trade. June 
 37, 18.57, he went to Fond du Lac, Wis- , to work at his 
 trade, returning to Ypsilanti the following October. 
 In IrttiO lie went to Mooreville, Michigan, opening a 
 shop for himself. He married October 14, 1860, 
 Joanna Throop, of York, who was born Dec. 13, 
 1837. August 3, 1863, he enlisted as private in Co. B, 
 20th Mich. Inf. Wa.s discharged July 3, 1865, at 
 Detroit, Michigan. He returned to Milan and en- 
 gaged in wagon manufacturing. Six children were 
 horn to them, five living. Mr. S. is a member of 
 Taylor Post, No. 374; also of the Maccabees. Owns 
 a farm of 40 acres at Milan. 
 
 UKIAH STEFFY was born November 26, 1845, at 
 Swartzburg, Wayne county, Mich. He learned the 
 blacksmith's trade of his father. At 17 years he en- 
 listed in Co. B, 14th Mioh. Inf., as a private. He was 
 in the batdes of Atlanta, Pittsburg Landing, and 
 Sherman's Maich to the Sea. He was veteraned in 
 1864, and re-enhsted in the same regiment. He was 
 discharged as sergeant July 32, 1865. He married 
 Mary LaFountain, of Rockwood, in 1868. She was 
 born June 1, 1844. He is a member of Taylor Post, 
 No. 374, G. A. R. His address is Milan, Michigan. 
 
 J. W. STODDARD, of Milan, was born in Gene-see 
 county. New York, Dec. 14, 1841. In the fall of 1861 
 he came to Milan, Michigan. April 22, 1862, he mar- 
 ried Harriet Enieline Allen, of Milan. He enlisted 
 in Co. H, 18th Mich. Inf., August, 18G4. Was dis- 
 charged at Jackson, June 5, 1865. Owns a fine 
 farm of 80 acres, one mile west of Milan, where he 
 now resides. Their family consists of four children, 
 three girls and one son, Ada, Lewis M., Hattie, and 
 Nellie. 
 
 MRS. REBECCA TAYLOR was born at Peekskill, 
 N. Y., April 24, 1816. Mr. Wm. I. Taylor was born 
 in Burlington. Vermont, Nov. 2671814. She met Mr. 
 Taylor in Peekskill in 1833, and they were married 
 March 10, 1835, and moved from New York City to 
 Michigan in 1855; had two children born in Michigan. 
 Mr. Taylor enlisted as corporal in Co. M, l.st Mich. 
 Engs. and Mechs,, in Sept., 1863, for three years. Was 
 with Sherman on his March to the Sea, and contracted 
 paralysis, was sent to the hospital in the South, was 
 sent from there to Detroit, and from there discharged 
 Aug. 9, 1865. He died Dec. 7, 1878. Mrs, Taylor is 
 the uiol-her of seven children, and is in her 74lh year. 
 
 MRS. EUNICE S. THOMPSON, of East Milan, 
 was born in New York State, in 1831, In 1840 she 
 came with her parents to Monroe City. In 1851 Miss 
 Eunice S. Warner married Edmond L. Thompson. 
 In 1863 Mr. Thompson enlisted as a private in Co. C, 
 17lh Mich. Vol. Inf. He was wounded at the battle 
 of Antietam. He died from the effects of wound, 
 March 28, 1863, at Monroe City. Edward T. Warner, 
 brother of Mrs. Thompson, enlisted in 1861, under 
 Col. Grosvenor, in 15th Mich. Vol. Inf. He died at 
 Pittsburg Landing. Mrs. Eunice S. Thompson died 
 Aug. 9th, 1889. 
 
 CHARLES E. THROOP was born at York, Wash- 
 tenaw county, Mich , April 10, 1860. His parents 
 were eastern people, his father being born in Vermont, 
 and his mother in Alban}', N. Y. They came to Mich- 
 igan in 1860, settling u])on a farm. Charles remained 
 at home until 1886, when he purchased a grocer's 
 stock and engaged in the grocery busine.ss. Previous 
 to this he had worked as stationery engraver. April 
 10th he married Mary Duboise, of Milan. Slie was 
 born in LaSalle, Monroe county, Mich., July 14, 1870. 
 
 JOSEPH TURNER, of Milan, was born in Indiana, 
 Sept. 27, 1837. At 31 years of age he began life for 
 himself, going to Chicago to sell horses; later on went 
 
 to Terre Haute, Ind., where he was employed as 
 driver on a Wabash & Erie canal boat; at the close of 
 one year was promoted captain of the boat. He mar- 
 ried. Oct. 18, 1854, Elizabeth Brown, of Indianapolis. 
 He enlisted in 1864 in Co. H, 28th Ind. Inf.; was ap- 
 pointed U. S. recruiting officer for Indiana and Michi- 
 gan; was mustered out in 1865. He came to Tecum- 
 seh, Mich., where he remained 17 years. In 1883 
 came to Milan, where he is engaged in the Globe 
 Stave Works. To Mr. and Mrs Turner eight children 
 were born, six of whom are living. Address, Milan, 
 Michigan. 
 
 CHARLES WARNER, of Milan, was born in York 
 township, Washtenaw county, Mich., November 10, 
 1845. He married Francelia Wilcox, of Milan, in 
 1866. To them one child was born— Alice Ma\ — who 
 was married in 1886. Mrs. Wilcox died in 1876. Mr. 
 Warner married Jane Eddington, of Ypsilanti, Mich., 
 in 1878. They have no children. Mr. Warner enlisted 
 in Co. I, August 6, 1863; was in the battles of Look- 
 out Mountain, Buzzard's Roost, Atlanta, and Crab 
 Orchard. Was taken prisoner and confined at Libby 
 Prison thirty daj'S, after which he was sent to Colum- 
 bus, Ohio, and was discharged on account of disability 
 in June, 1864. Us is a member of Taylor Post, No. 
 274, of Milan. 
 
 WILLIAM W. WHALEY, of Milan, was born in 
 London, Monroe county. Mich., November 33, 1834. 
 His parents wore eastern people, coming from New 
 York in 1832, and taking up 80 acres of Government 
 land. When William was ten years old his mother 
 died, and he left home to do for himself. On Septem- 
 ber 39, 1853, he married Sarah Vealey, of London 
 township, Mich. Mr. Whaley was a cooper by trade. 
 In January, 1864, he enlisted as corporal in Co. B, 1st 
 Cavalry. He remained with his regiment during all 
 ils engagements of 1864. He was discharged from 
 the service August 5, 1865. He returned to London 
 and engagid in farming until 1874, when he sold out 
 and came to Milan village, Mich , erecting a cooper 
 shop and cider mill, doing the work at the mill with 
 horse power. His business so increased that he was 
 obliged to enlarge his works, and in 1884 put in a 
 40-horse power engine. In 1886 he used 25,000 bush- 
 els of apples and produced 3,000 barrels of cider. He 
 ships his cider all over the United States. In 1886 he 
 manufactured 3,000 gallons of apple-butter, for which 
 he found ready sale. Mr. Whaley is a member of the 
 Cider Makeis' Association of the State of Ohio, and 
 is considered the representative cider maker of the 
 Association. Mr. Whaley has four children, one an 
 adopted daugnter. He is a member of the Lucius 
 Taylor Post, No. 374. 
 
 CHARLES W. WILCOX was born at Milan, Mich., 
 Februarys, 1817. His parents came to Michigan in 
 1837, his father working at his trade— that of black- 
 smithing. September 18, 1870 married Ellen Bar- 
 tholomew, vvho was born in Medina county, Ohio, 
 August 8, 1845. To ihem one child was born. Mr. 
 Wilcox commenced furming in 1874 on a farm of 
 twenty acres. He now owns two fine farms, one in 
 London. Address, Milan, Michigan. 
 
 JOHN C. WILSON was born January 6, 1850, in 
 New York State. Came west with his parents, who 
 settled at Ann Arbor, Mich., where they remained one 
 year, when they purchased a farm of eighty acres at 
 Milan, on section seven. June 30. 1873. he married 
 Maria McCardy, of Ann Arbor. Mr. Wilson engaged 
 in the grocery business at Ann Arbor until April 38, 
 1886, when his store was destroyed by fire. In the fall 
 of 1886 he returned to Milan, and with his sister en- 
 gaged in photography, and is now one of the leading 
 photographers in that place. February 1, 1886, his 
 wife died, leaving five children to his care. Mr. Wil- 
 son is a member of the Knights of Maccabees, of 
 Milan, Champion Tent, No. 434. 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 41 
 
 SARAH S. WILSON was born at t^abot, AVasIiing- 
 ton county. Vt.. in 1S22. In ls3ri lier fiillirr csnu- to 
 Milan, Mieb. In ls{(> she niarripil Chester Wilcox, 
 who was born at Livoniri. N. Y., isi.j. To them eight 
 children were born live of whom are living: Francis, 
 Helen, Charles, Rus'ell and Florence. 
 
 THOMAS WILSON, a Miller .if Milan lownship, 
 was born in Yorkshire, Englan I, in 180(i. and came to 
 America in 1833 and settled in New York Stato. He 
 is a miller by trade. He came to Monroe Cilv in 1x43, 
 and to Milan in IWG. He was married in ls3') lo.lane 
 Dodge Tluy have had six children, three of whom 
 are living. He is u member of the Universalist 
 church. 
 
 nioisRoi-: Tow^NSHip. 
 
 CHARLES L. ALH.VIN was born in Monroe conn 
 ly, December '.;.), 1S.V,J. Married Dora Case, Uecem- 
 b' r 23, 1x7'). She was born in Michigan, October !), 
 1S.')5. Their children are: Leonard C, born Dicem- 
 ber .'), 187G; Bennett, born August 38, 1878: Samuel 
 IJ., born .June 3. 1880; Talcott. born May 13, 1S83; 
 Myrl I)., born April •,'«, 1887 : Edith Pearl. Iiorn July 
 7, 1889. He is a Democrat Has been justice of the 
 peace for four years, town treasurer two years, and 
 was elected township clerk in 188!) but resigned on 
 account of sickness of his father. His business is 
 farming. 
 
 S.\Ml'EL ALBAIN, a farmer of Monroe township, 
 was born in Canada. Augusts, 1813; settled in Mon- 
 roe county in 1S17. Married Maria Leonard, of Mon- 
 roe, March 14 1833. She was born in New Y'ork 
 State, September 1, 1817. Their children livintr are: 
 Acelia, Samuel, .Maria, Clurles Alma, K'la, Adelaide, 
 andJamca. He is a Democrat. Has been a hool direc- 
 tor and road commissioner for a good m luy ye irs. 
 
 .lACOB BRO.ST, born in Germany, January 29, 
 1830; came to Sandusky, Ohio, 184'j; settled in Mon- 
 roe county, .Mich., on the farm formerly o vned by 
 Maj. Moore. Married Mrs. Ca harine Steinard, .Jan. 29, 
 1849. Eight children were born, seven of w horn are 
 living. Jacob and George, sons of Mrs. Steinard, were 
 in the L'nion army. George enlisted in the 49th Ohio 
 Vol. Inf.; J:»cob enlisted in the 73d Mich. Vol. Inf. 
 Mr. Brost is a hirraer. Address, Monroe, Michigan. 
 
 EMERSON CHOATE. who died May 18, 1883, was 
 a farmer of .Monroe township. He was born in Can- 
 ada, Au'.;usl 28, 1x07; came to Monroe county in 18lt5. 
 Married .Martha Thayer, Februarv 28 ls3|. She was 
 born in Rhode Island. Decembcr'8, 1809. Their chil- 
 dren are: Emerson H.. born August 3, 1837; Caro- 
 line, born May 38, 1833; Louisa, born February 17, 
 1834; Mary M., born August 27, 1835; Maria, 'imrn 
 April 26, 1839: Edward, born August 3, 1843; Sher- 
 man, born November 13, 184i. died March 10, 1816; 
 Frank, born January 10, 1848. Mr. Choate w;is a 
 Democrat; was supervisor for 28 years, and was a 
 member of the State legislature for two years. 
 
 FRANK C. CHO.VTE, a farmer of Monroe town- 
 ship, was born in Monroe. January 10, 1848. Married 
 Adeline Pitts, February 19. 1878. She was born April 
 13. 1S42. She was the daughter of Samuel and Cath- 
 arine Pitts, of Raisinville, who settled here in 1833. 
 Mr. Choate is a Demooral. 
 
 JAMES CULLEY, a farmer of Monroe township, 
 was born in Canada. Dec. 14, 1844 ; c:ime to Monroe 
 county in 18.V3. Marritd Catherine Keeg<n, April 29, 
 18(i9. She was born in New Yoik Stale, May 21, 
 1838. Had one child. Mary, born July 22. 1870, "died 
 July 22, 1871. Mr. CuUey servid several years in the 
 regular iirmy. 
 
 HORACE R. DAVIS, who died Dec. 10, 1820, was 
 born in New York State, July 6, 1820, and settled in 
 Monroe county in 1844. He married Rosela Andrews 
 
 Feb. 6, 1843, of New York Slate. Their children are: 
 Charles H.. (Jeorge W., Daniel K., Jennie, Libbie, 
 Carrie, William, and Eddie. His busineas was 
 farming. 
 
 HERBERT DUVAL was born in Monroe countv in 
 HI 8, and died Oct. 31, 18.S0. He married Eiiiily 
 Robert, of Monroe, Oct. 3, IKJl. She was born in 
 .Monroe, .Sept. 7, 1830. They had eight children, live 
 of whom are llvini:. His Imsiness was larming, and 
 siiice his death Mrs. Duval carries on the business. 
 Mr. Duval served in the Toledo war . 
 
 WM, P. GALE was born Vov. 2. 1818, in Monroe 
 township, Monroe county, Mich. June U, 1X43, he m.ir- 
 ried Harriet Dusenbery, of New York State. She wiia 
 horn ill the State of New York, Dec. 14, 1814. Tliree 
 children have been born to them: Eut'ene. born Feb. 1, 
 1x4."); Mary .'V., born March 37, IH-'yi; Austin W.. born 
 May 31, rs.")8. Mr. (Jale was enu'iigeil in lie' s iw anil 
 jiaper mill of Kiisinville township! In pililirs was a 
 Republican. Was a member of the Prcsbyteri in 
 church. He died June 19, 1S73. 
 
 JOSEPH C. GARWOOD, born in New Jerxy, 
 Sept, 4, 1803; settled in Monroe countv in ]xiA He 
 was twice married. He ni:iriied his first wife. Char- 
 lotte Lawrence, in 182(5. She died in 1814. Married 
 Martha N. Bell, his second wife, M:iy 2»lh, 183(i; 
 she was born in Vermont, March 29. 1x14. They had 
 seven children, six living: Harriet A , born June 4 
 18:^7: John Janes, Dec. 19, 1838; Martha E, Oct. 31. 
 1840. died June 20. 18112; Joseph F . Nov .■>, 184:1; 
 Sarah C, .May 21. 1847:Mary H., M!iv21, 18")2: Fannie 
 W.. Sept. 13," 1854. His cl'iildreo bV first wife w.-re: 
 William, born March 13, 18-38; Charlotte A.. .Sept. 
 28, 1830: Mary A.. Oct. 36, 1833. Mr. Garwood was a 
 blacksniiili bv trade. In politics a Repiiblii-an; mem- 
 ber of M E." church. He died July 13, I80I. Mrs. 
 Martha N. Ga:wood died Jan, Ki, 1889. 
 
 CIIAS. E W. GREENING.who is the junior menilier 
 of the lainous nursery firm The River Raisin Valley 
 Nurseries, was born in .Monr e, Sept. 28, 1H.")X. M«r- 
 ried Fredericka Janson, of Eist Sairin.iw, Mich., Feb. 
 24, 1881; she was born .\ug. 11, 18i>.'. Tniy have one 
 boy, Benjamin (i J., born Feb. 5. 1882. Mr (Jieening 
 has been in the nursery business for 28 years. He is a 
 Democrat; his been school inspector lor Monroe lown- 
 i-hip for four years, and i- now justice of the peace. 
 Is a member of the Lutheran church of Monroe. 
 
 JACOB HECK, a farmer of Monr.'C to» nship, was 
 born in Monroe county December 20. 1832. He mar- 
 ried Rosina Herrmann Febru.irv 18. 1X(!4; she «as 
 born in Germany Septeniln r 9, ls4,",. Their children 
 are : Matilda, born February 14, 181)."); Emilia, born 
 August 10, isiiti: Edwin, Octobr-r 3il, lxt;x; Aiini L, 
 born Aprir>(), 1X70: Bertha A., b .rn July l."i. 1873, 
 died Febiuaiy (i, 1883: Nalh.inii 1. born June l.'i. 1875; 
 Elenora, borii September 13, 1879; .laol), born May 2, 
 1x74, and died in infancy. Jaiol) Ibck has be-n a 
 farmer all his lif.-. 
 
 NELSON J AUIiOE was born at WaOiinglon. D. C, 
 October, 1X09. His parents were Ma tliew and Eliza- 
 beth (Nelsoni Jarboe, wliowere natives of .Mirylanit. 
 He nnirried Kalhetinc Moon, of Wa-hiiigion, D. C. 
 Eleven children were born .Mr .larbue moved 10 
 Monroe county in 1834. Hi- was engag>-d in sailing on 
 Lake Erie, and for some lime wasdipliiii of a Ijoat 
 playing between .Monroe and Buffalo. In 1S40 he en- 
 gaged in farmim; in Lenawre coiinly, Micliinaii After 
 ten years he returmd to Monroi'. In 1x71 he sold his 
 farm and moved to MonrcM- Cilv; for a number of 
 years held town otlices. Me died'.liily 31, 1879, Mr.s. 
 jarboe die<l February 3. IxsT. .She was an :ictive mem- 
 ber of the Baptist cliuich. 
 
 SEBASTIAN KI.OTZ was born in Monroe county 
 March 8, 1X.V3. He married B:irbara .Maurer. of 
 A<lrian, .\ug'ust 3li, 1876; she was bom Auiiust 10, 
 1859, and died February 11, 1883. Had five chililren: 
 
42 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 Frank, Benjamin, Isabi'lla, Nor.a and Irva. He mar- 
 ried his second wife, Cordelia Babcocls, January l.T, 
 1886; she was born August 4, 1801; have one child, 
 Frank. His business is farming. 
 
 JACOB LANDERS, a farmer of Monroe town.ship, 
 was born in Pennsylvania in October, 1812; came to 
 Monroe county in 1H,50. He married Elizabeth Black 
 in 1844; .she was born in Pennsylvania July 24, 1816, 
 i\nd died in Monroe February 1.1, 1885. Their chil- 
 dren living are : Mnry, John, Edward, Henry, Jacob, 
 Lavinie, Natlianiel and Lizzie. He is a Republican; 
 has been road commissioner for 34 vears. 
 
 GEORGE R. MILLER, a farmer of Monroe town- 
 ship, was born in Monroe county, July 12, 184.5 Mar- 
 ried Mary A. Campeau, Oct. 31. 1879. She was born 
 in Monroe county, Jan. 18, 18.54 They have two 
 cliildren, Finnk J., born JNov. 7, 1881, and Harry L., 
 born Sept. 1.5, 1883. He is a Rejiublican. He has al- 
 ways liccn a furmer. 
 
 DANIEL MULIIOLLEN, a farmer of Monroe 
 township, \\as born in Ohio March 6, 1813; settled 
 here m 1810 ; died March 4, 1887. He married 
 Elizabeth Choatc September 9, 1836; she was born in 
 Canada November 29, 1813. Their children are: 
 Samuel, born June 7, 1837, and died in infancy; 
 Laura, liorn November 16. 1838; Sarah, born June 1.5, 
 1840; Daniel C, born March 8. 1841; Mary E., born 
 April 1.5. 1844, and died in infancy; Emma M., born 
 Oct. 21, 184.5 ; AnnaM., born May 25, 1848; Frank, 
 born April 0, 1850. He was a Republican; was town- 
 .ship treasurer a number ofyears. 
 
 ELI NAVARRE, who died in Monroe. Sept. 15, 
 1885, was born in Monroe county, Feb. 22, 1819. Mar- 
 ried Fannie Jeneros, of Monroe, Dec. 30, 1849. She 
 was born in Mnnroe, May 15, 1827. Tlieir children 
 are: James, born Nov. 24, 1851: .Toseph, born 
 July 5, 1853; Libbic, born Ans;. 27, 1855; Peter, born 
 April 7, 1857; Tousaiut, liorn^April 31, 18.59; Rosa, 
 born July 10, 1864; Samuel, born June 5, 180^*. Mr. 
 Navarre was a Democrat; had always been :i farmer. 
 
 GREGORY NAVARRE, who died March 17, 1880, 
 was a farmer of Monroe township; was born in Mon- 
 ro"^, March 17, 1812. Married Adaline Genron, Jan. 
 12, 1852. She was born in Monroe, July 15, 1833. 
 Their children are: Ely, bnrn Dec. 12, 1852; Isadore, 
 born March 2, 1857; Charles, born Oct. 27. 18.59; 
 Stephen, born July 11, 1862; Mary, born Nov. 10, 
 1865; Gregory, born July 19, 1868, died in infancy; 
 Susan, born Nov. 10. 1K69; Josepli, born Oct. 13, 
 1872, died Feb. 17, 1873. Mr. Navarre h.ul always 
 been a farmer up to the time of his death. 
 
 JAMES J. NAVARRE, who died in Monroe town- 
 ship. May 20, 1877, wns born in Monroe county, Oct. 
 8, 1802. Marrie<i to Mrs. Adaline Bennoe, riaushter 
 of Col. Hubert Lacroi.v, of .Monroe, Nov. 23, 1858. 
 She was born in Monroe. Sept. 24 1824. Their chil- 
 dren living are: Lucille, boiu Oct. 20, I860; Montcalm, 
 born May 2, 1862; Oscar N., born Sept. 15, 1864; 
 Minnie E., May 3, 1867. Mr. Navarre had always 
 been a farmer. 
 
 SAMUEL NAVARRE, a farmer of Monroe town- 
 .ship, was born in Monioe, Nov. 20, 1829. Married to 
 Matilda DuViill iu Dec. 1853; she was Dorn in Mon- 
 roe. July 10, 1835, and died Aug 12, 1882. Their 
 children are: Philip, born Sept. 11, 1854; Dennis, 
 born Jan. 11, 1854; Diunis, born Jan. 11. 18.57; Fred- 
 die, boiu Oct. 19, 1805: Mary, born June 30, 1874. He 
 is a Democrat; has been grain commissioner for five 
 years. 
 
 SAMUEL I. ROBERT, born Dec. 3, 1835, in Mon- 
 roe county, Mich. His lather, Ignaoe Robert, was 
 born in Monrne county, in 1799, on the River Raisin, 
 and .served during the war of 1812. His nu ther, 
 Catherine Duval, wat born in Monroe county in 1801. 
 Mr. Robert at present is snperviiior, and has held the 
 office of street commissioner. In politics he is a 
 Democrat. Address, Monroe City. 
 
 RAISINVILLE XOWIVSHIP. 
 
 ANDREW J. BICE, a farmer of Raisinville, was 
 born in Monroe City Sept. 20, 1833. He married 
 Ellen McCadden, of Stark county, O., April 26, 1857; 
 she was born in Ireland April 4, 1836. Their chil- 
 dren are: Anna E., born Jan. 9, LSliO; Louisa S., Oct. 
 24, 1801; Franklin W., April 14, 18154; John B., June 
 21, 186(1; George E., Feb. 12, 1S70; Ella E., Aug. 24, 
 1S72, and Winifred Grace, March 17, 1877. He is a 
 Republican ; lias been justice of the peace seven 
 years. 
 
 ALFRED BICE, a farmer of Raisinville, was born 
 in Fayette county. Pa., Feb. 5, 1820, settled in this 
 county in \H'29 with his parents. He married Eliza- 
 beth Scitz Sejit. 19, 1,H12; she w'as born in Germany 
 Jan. :!1, 1.S19. Their children are: Louisa, Alfred, 
 William. Elizabeth, llattie andLucy. He has been a 
 farmer all his life. 
 
 LEWIS W. BOND, a farmer of Raisinville, was born 
 on Sandy Creek May 5, ]S;>8. October 27, 1866, he 
 married Victoria Navarre, who died March 3, 1879. 
 Three cliildren were born to them. September 8, 
 l.s.KO, Lewis W. Bond was married to Elizabeth C. 
 Caldwell, who was born at Monroe July 3, 1847. Mr. 
 Bond enlisted Aug. 8, 1.862, in Co. K, 18th Mich. V. I.; 
 was discli;irged by order of the War Department 
 June 26, IstM. 
 
 ELIAS BRIGHTBILL was born in West Hanover. 
 Pa., April 28, 1830; came with his parents to this 
 county in October, 18.55, and settled at Raisinville, 
 where he now resides. He married March 22, 18.5.5, 
 Juliette R. IJmberger, of West Hanover. Five chil- 
 dren were born to them, three of whom are living. 
 Elias Brightbill is a Republican in politics, a farmer; 
 address, Monroe. 
 
 JACOB BROST, a farmer living in Raisinville, re- 
 ceives his mail at Monroe. He was born in Wuertem- 
 burg, Germany, Jan. 29, 1826, his parents Iieing 
 Jacob and Catherine (Pflugc^r) Brost. On coming to 
 America he settled near Sandusky, O., where, .Ian. 
 29, 1847, he married Catherine, daughter of James 
 and Jennie (Steiner) Cauchie, who has four boys and 
 four girls living and one boy dead. Jacob Brost is a 
 niemljer of the Evangelical church in Raisinville, and 
 generally votes the Republican ticket. In 1865 be 
 came to Raisinville. 
 
 WILLIAM CAUCHIE is the son of Alexander and 
 Ellen (McCnlloch) Cauchie, and was born in Wigdon- 
 .shire, Scotland, April (i, 1831, and came to America in 
 1.851, living near Albany, N. Y., for some three yeans, 
 and coming to Raisinville in 1.854. June 1, 1861, he 
 enlisted at Adrian in Co. A, 4th Mich. V. I , and 
 after three years' service re-enlisted in Hancock's 
 Veteran Corps, from which he was discharged April 
 (>, 1.8(16. He is a Democrat, and April 1, 1881, mar- 
 ried Ella, daughter of James and Isabella (Weir) 
 Miller. All liis children, three boys, are living at 
 home. 
 
 EDWIN CHOATE, a farmer of Raisinville, was 
 born in this county Aug. 3, 1842. He married Anna 
 Skinner, of Fremont, 0., Dec. 25, 1872; she was born 
 May 25, 1.843. Their children are: Alice, born Oct. 
 16, 1873; Ella, April 7, 1877; Addie, Dec. 16, 1880, and 
 Carrie, April 5, 1884. He is engaged in threshing 
 most of the time. 
 
 CALVIN CLARK, born Dec. 23, 1821, in Farsalia, 
 Chenango county, N. Y., moved to Norwich, N. Y., 
 three years later." Settled in Monroe in 1844. He was 
 married to Clarinda A. Palmer, of London, Sept. 25, 
 1844. She died Aug. 20, 1887. Four children were 
 liorn to them: Carl S., Carlton, Carrie, and Clara, 
 who died in September, 1883, at the ageof 25. Calvin 
 Clark's address is Raisinville. 
 
 JEROME MARION DAVENPORT was born in 
 Wolcott, England, Sept. 21, 1830, and came to Raisin- 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 4.'5 
 
 ville in Marcli, 1S4G. He is tlit- son of James iind 
 Louisa (Wade) Davenport, and letters diroited to 
 liim at Maytiee are ilehvered i)ronii(tly. I5v ocoiipa- 
 tion a farmer. lie is a Kepuljlicaii, and a nlenilier nf 
 the MeMiodist cliureh. 
 
 CIIAKLKSDOKnEHLEIN istl.e son of Leonard 
 and Maijraret (Croolc) Doederlein, and was born at 
 Monroe March :.'!», IS.'iO, to wlneh (ilace lie still noes 
 for his mail. After livinj; in Frenehtown a few yeai-s 
 he came to Kaisinville in 1.SS4. He is a member of 
 the Lutheran church, a farmer with .')0 acres of land 
 to till. He still votes the Republican ticket. 
 
 JOHN R FRANCISCO, a farmer of Raisinville 
 township, was born in New York State iJec. 17, 1<S;;0. 
 In IS.!:!, with his father, Jolin Francisco, became to 
 this county. John F. Francisco married Jan. l(i, 
 |.S(i4. Sarah A. Gates, wlin was l)orn Feb. is, 1S4I. 
 Their children are: William, born Sept. II, lS(i4; 
 .Vda L.. born ,Ian. I.') isiis. and Ora M., born May .'), 
 1S7:!. The farm on which Mr. Francisco re.sides was 
 cleared by him His father clied in ISCI; served dur- 
 ing the war of isli'. 
 
 DANIKL HANSBKKGKR, a farmer of Raisinville, 
 was born in Penn.sylvania March 1 1, ls:!7, and settled 
 in this county in IStil. He married Julia Walters 
 Nov. 1, ISllO; she was born in Sandusky, O., Dec. IS, 
 1S4(I. Their children are: Joel W., born March l'.5, 
 isiii.'; Mary E., born Mav 4, 1S()4; Annais, born June 
 •S-). lS()t>; .Toshua. Auji. ;!0. IS(5S; Henry, Nov. 1!), Is71; 
 llaltie, Sei>t. 4, 187:!; Eli, Jan. L".), 1,S77. Daniel 
 llansljcrger is a carpenter by trade. 
 
 THOMAS 11 ANSBI;K( ; KH, a farmer of Riiisinville, 
 was born in ( )lno Anir. 27, 1S4."), settled in this county 
 in 1S7:3. He married iMiima Rutherford March (i, 
 1S78; she was born in Fairlield county. ()., Nov. 12, 
 1847. Their children are : Dellon L.. born Feb. 2, 
 1S74; Martha, Aug. 21, lH7<i; Thomas, Nov. 1!», ISSO; 
 Lizzie Belle, Aug. 18, ISSH. His business is farming 
 and stock raising. 
 
 CHARLES L. KNAB, a farmer of Raisinville, was 
 born in Germany Feb. 22, 1S2(); cann; to America in 
 lS2il. and settled in this county. He marrie<i Mary 
 Martin, of Monroe. Jan. :10, 1S45. Their children 
 are: Charles. Christina, Mary. Adam, William, 
 Jacob and Catherine. He married his second wife, 
 Elizabeth Dcntle, Nov. 12, 18()5. She was born in 
 Germany Feb. 3, 1833. He has always been a 
 farmer. 
 
 C. D. LOOSE was born in the State of Ohio Jan. 0, 
 184fl. His parent,s, Elias and Sophia C. (Dressbach) 
 Loo.se, came with a large family to Monroe, Ajiril IS, 
 1862. C. D. Ix)ose married Carrie O. DeI.,ong March 
 19, 1872. They have six children. Mr. Loose is a 
 farmer and deals largely in stock. Address, Monroe. 
 
 JAMES MILLS, engaged in the lumber busineasat 
 Riiisinville, was born in Wisconsin f)ct. 4, IS.53; can)e 
 to this countv in 18<iO. He niarrie<l Ella Acklev, of 
 Dundee, Oct." 31, 187(1; .she was born Dec. I(>, 18.54. 
 Their children are : Iva, born Oct. 4. ISSO; Henrietta, 
 Sept. 2:!. 18.S3; Bertha Belle, Nov. »!, IS.Sil. He has 
 always been in the lumber and mill business. 
 
 GEORGE L. KNAB, a farmer of Raisinville, was 
 born in Germany Jan. s, 1.S24; came to America in 
 182!l with his parents, and scttleil in this county. He 
 was married to Louisa Gresle Dec. :il, l.s4!i; she 
 was born in Germany July 2, ls27. Their children 
 are: Ilenrv, born Jan. 31, ls.")2; Catherine, June 27, 
 18,-)3; Christian, April 11, 18.5!l; Rosina, Dec. in, l.S(i(); 
 Elizabeth, Feb. 28, 18(i2; Andrew. July HI, IS(;(i. He 
 is a carpenter by trade, but h-is been farming for 40 
 years. 
 
 HENRY W. MOSES, whose postotfice address is 
 Grape, served through the war in the :!d O. V. C, 
 and isamendierof the (i. A. R. Post at Monroe. His 
 parents were Adam and -Mary (Sill) Moses, and he was 
 
 horn in Bedford county. Pa.. May Hi, ls;is. In Is'I 
 he left Ohio, anil came to Rjiisiiiville. He was mar- 
 ried at Fremont, (»., July 4, Isiil, to Sarah li'kes, and 
 Sept. 14, ISdli, at ItaisinVille, to Susan, daughter of 
 Ehas and Sophia (Dreisbach) Loose. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Evangelical Association, and is a staunch 
 Republican. 
 
 JOSEPH W. MORRIS, the .son of David Even and 
 Bassinath (Wil.son) Morris, was Ixirn in Romulus, 
 Seneca county, N.Y., Nov. d, l,s:!S, and came to Raisin- 
 ville in IS4(). His poslollice adilreRs Is (i rape. He 
 was married at Raisinville April 2, IS72, to Alargery, 
 ilaughter of John and .Ann (Bacon) Hunter. 
 
 LEWIS W. NEWCOMER, a merchant of .Mras- 
 burgh, Raisinville township. w;us born at Elmore, 
 Ohio Nov. 0, l.SOl; was nuirrieil lo Ada R<iilch. Oct. 
 1, 1884; she was born in Ida, Jan. :!l, Isii:',. They 
 have one child, Irving A., born July Is, l.ss.'). He 
 has a general store, and is station agent of Slras- 
 burgh. 
 
 VICTOR PFLUGE, whose mail is haiidle.l by 
 the i"istm.isler at Maybee, is a Democratic farmer, 
 who settled in Raisinville in 1874. He is the .son of 
 Aust and Catherine (Thoman) Pllnge. and was born 
 in Thurodone, Switzerland. Oct. 2S, 1S44, coming to 
 this country in I8(i(i. After living in New York, 
 Chicago, Cleveland and Detroit, settled in Raisinville 
 in 1874. He was married at Detroit, .lune 17, isii'.i, to 
 ^LiL'dalena, daughter of .loseph and .\nna Maria 
 (I'llugei Wolg-aniar, and has six children, four girls 
 and two boys. He attends the Roman Catholic 
 church. 
 
 CHARLES H. PITTS, who died Dec. !i, ls74. w.-is 
 a farmer of Raisinville: was born in New York State, 
 Dec. 28. ]82li, and settleil in this county in is:!2. He 
 married Bridget Doyle, Dec. 2S, |.S(i4. ,'<|ie was born 
 in Ireland, Aug. 20, is:;"). Their chililren are Carrie, 
 born Dec. I>, ISIm; Louis, born March 2:1. I.siio, and 
 Maggie, born July lil, 1874. He was a carpenter by 
 trade; wasa Democrat; wassupervisor ten years, mem- 
 ber of the assembly two years. 
 
 JOHN P. ROE,<SLER, the son of John and Cath- 
 erine (Rui)p) Roes.sler, was born in Wuertemberg, 
 Germany, Nov. li), 1840, ami came to Raisinville 
 with his parents in 1S4S. He is a member of the 
 Lutheran chiinh, where he was marrieil, Nov. 2!l, 
 18()(i, to Elizabeth Mary, daughter of Peter and Eliza- 
 beth (Claver) .Seitz, whose three girls, now living at 
 home, believe in the Democratic principles, whose 
 party ticket their father votes. 
 
 HENRY 11. RAUCH is the .son of John ami Maria 
 (Bridenliaugh) Ranch. and wiisboru near Hiirrisbiirgh. 
 Pa., April 4, l.S2!l. where be lived until 1S4H, when 
 he moved to I.aSalle, and in Is.'Wi came to Raisinville. 
 January HI, I8.'i3, he was marrieil to Mary Henry; 
 she died in ls.i4 ; was married again in l.s.")S to Mary 
 Aekley. He has six boys and live girls living; is a 
 Republican ami Free Methodist. 
 
 JOHN S. .SCHASRERGER. a farmer living in 
 Raisinville. goes to Monroe for his mail. He was 
 born in this county, Jan. 10, isjs, on the farm of his 
 father, Jasper, and Aug. I(i. IS74, was married to 
 Catherine Ix^ipert,and has six children, all living at 
 home. 
 
 KATHERINE SEITZ was born in Wuertemberg, 
 (termany, July 27, ls:!!i, and emigrated to this county 
 in LSI.."), .settling in Raisinville. She is the daughter 
 of naltbes aiiil Baibiira (Roes.-ler) (ioetz, and the 
 willow of Peter, .son of Peter and Klizalielh .S-ilz. 
 She has six children, four boys and two girls living 
 at home, and one girl dead. Mr. .Seitz dieil July 27, 
 ISSI, of inllauimation of the bowels. .She is a mem- 
 ber of the Lutheran church. 
 
44 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 GEORGE SHAFER, a fanner of Raisinville, was 
 born in Germany, April 9, 1823; came to America in 
 1849, went to California in 1851 during the gold ex- 
 citement, and returned and settled in this county in 
 1855. He was married to Catherine Strack, in Novem- 
 ber, 1855; slie was born in Germany, Sept. 26, 1830. 
 Their childnii are William, George, John, Emma, 
 Fred, Katie, Henry and Charles. He was drafted in 
 Co. I, 91h Mich. Inf., Oct. 5, 1864, and was mustered 
 out June 20, 1865. Has been elder of the German 
 Reformed church, of Ida, for six years. 
 
 HENRY WEIPERT, a farmer of Raisinville, was 
 born in Germany, Oct. 10, 1845: came to America in 
 1853, and settled in this county. Jan. 18, 1872, he 
 was married to Mary Leahr; she is a native of this 
 county, the date of her birth June 25, 1K52. Their 
 children are: Henry, born April 25, 1873; William, 
 boni June 9, 1875; Katie, born July 19, 1877; Carrie, 
 born Nov. 24, 1882; Urban, born March 16, 1886. He 
 has always been a farmer. 
 
 JOHN L. ZIMMERMAN, postmaster of Stras- 
 burgh, Raisinville township, was born in West- 
 moreland county, Pa., Feb. 24, 1827, and settled in 
 this county in 1865. He was married to Alice Smith, 
 Oct. 4, 1860; she was born in Westmoreland, Pa., 
 Sept. 19, 1839. His Inisiness is farming; has been 
 postmaster live years. 
 
 SIJIMMERFIELD TOWKSHIP. 
 
 WILLIAM ARNOLD was born in Perry county. Pa., 
 in 1825; came to this county in 1852, locating about 
 six miles south of Monroe, and remained thereabout 
 four years. In 18.56 he made Petersburgh his per- 
 manent home. He is by trade a carpenter and joiner, 
 and in pursuit of his vocation has had the superin- 
 tendence in constructing many of the finest buildings 
 (jf the liicality, and among them the present beauti- 
 ful high school buildingof Petersburg!!, which shows 
 his skill as a master mechanic. 
 
 SAMUEL W. BEVERLY was born at sea in 1816. 
 His early life was spent in New Hampshire and 
 Massachusetts. His father was a seaman, Init left 
 the ocean and removed with his family to Kentucky, 
 and from that State Samuel went to Ogdensburg, 
 N. Y., and from thence, in 1836, came to Cleveland, 
 O., where he engaged as a contractor on the Cleve- 
 land, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad, and built 
 the first mile of that road west of the Cuyahoga 
 River. He has been twice married, first to Mary 
 Garrison, by whom he had eight (children; and next 
 to Mary Phillips, by whom he has seven chil- 
 dren. He came to Sunimerfielil from Lenawee Co. in 
 1884, and purchased the farm of 130 acres on which 
 he now resides. 
 
 JOHN E. BISHOP, the son of Nehemiah and 
 Ke/.iah Bisho]i, is a native of the State of New York, 
 his birthplace being in Saratoga county, and 1842 the 
 date. His parents reniuved to ^lichigan in the year 
 18.55, the fauiily locating on land which is now part 
 of the town of Dundee. The subject of this sketch 
 settled in this township in the year 1882. Mary C. 
 Noble, of this township, is Mi. Bishop's wife, and 
 they are the parents of two children. The father of 
 Mr. Bishop is still residing with his son at the ad- 
 vanced age of 83. Postotfice, Dundee. 
 
 IRA D. BOARDMAN, proprietor and editor of the 
 Petersburgh Bulletin, is the son of George M. and 
 Lavina (Osborne) Boardman, and was born in Or- 
 leans county, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1848, coming to Michi- 
 gan with his parents in 1849. He enlisted as a 
 private in Co. M", 8th Mich. Cav., in August,1864. He 
 was married at Hillsdale Feb. 22, 1871, to Deborah 
 Ann, <laughter of Francis and Catherine (Decker) 
 McCartv, whose children are ; P>dith I., born June 
 30, 1872; Viola E., Sept. 19, 1881, and Ira D., jr., Julv 
 4, 1885,Willis N., June 25, 1889. lu the spring of 1861 
 
 became to Petersburgh, and May 1, 1880, published 
 the first number of the Bulletin. In 1880 he joined 
 Patrick Lodge, No. 157, and Kilwining Encampment, 
 No. 52, 1.O.O.F. In 1882 he joined Blanchard Lodge, 
 No. 102. F. &. A.M. In politics he has always lieen a 
 Republican, and has served seven years on the school 
 board, several years as director, and as trustee and 
 recorder in the village. 
 
 GEORGE M. BOECKLER, better known in Peters- 
 burgh as '• Uncle George," was born March 19, 1807, 
 in Winilspach, Province of Bavaria, Germany. He 
 was the oldest of five children, his parents being 
 Leonhardt and Maria ( Woerline) Boeckler. He came 
 to Monroe county in October. 1837, and j)urchased a 
 forty-acre farm about five miles west of LaSalle, and 
 leaving his family with Ludwig Knapp put up a log 
 house, into which he moved Jan. 1, 18:!8. He has 
 been married four times. In Germany to Marie 
 Kurtz in 1831, who is the motlier of all his children : 
 John Martin, born Dec. 19, 1832; Margaret Barbara, 
 March 14, 1834; John Philip, Oct. 25, 1835, and Henry, 
 Dec. 8, 1837. Marie died July 1, 1840, and he worked 
 at his trade as a tailor in Monroe until he moved to 
 Petersburgh in 1844. In July, 1842, he married 
 Catherine Strable, with whom he lived until her 
 death, Jan. 1, 1875. In April, 1875, he married 
 Barbara Koetzle, and on her death in January, 1882, 
 he married his present witi', Magdelena Yackey, 
 April 8, 1882. He is a Presbyterian, and at the in- 
 corporation of Petersburgh was trustee for three 
 years. 
 
 WILLIAM H. BRACKETT was born at Lynn, Mass., 
 in 1841. In 1857 he wentto Rutland county, Vt. In 
 1862 he enlisted in Co. C, 10th Vt. Inf., and served 
 three years; was at the battles of the Wilderness, 
 Gettysburg, Cold Harbor and otiiers; was discharged 
 at Washington, D. C, in 1865. and returnd to Rut- 
 land county, Vt. There he was married to Ellen L. 
 Chittenden, of Rutland county, Vt. They have two 
 children He came to this county in 1871, and pur- 
 chased 80 acres of land of H. B. Chittenden about 
 one mile north of Petersliurgh, in Summerfield, 
 w here he now resides. 
 
 ABRAHAM BRENINGSTALL, of Summerfield 
 townshij), was born in Niagara county, N. Y., Feb. 7, 
 183S. In 1840, with his parents, he came to Dundee 
 township. In 1862 he settled in Summerfield town- 
 ship. He enlisted in the 1st Mich. Engineer and 
 Mechanic Regiment, Co. F, July 1, 1863, and was 
 mustered out Sept. 22, 1865. He is a member of 
 Morgan Parker Post, No. 281. He was married Nov. 
 22, 1861, to Amelia Richland, who died in 1872. His 
 present wife is Phila Ludrick, whom he married in 
 1878. Their children are: Mary E., born Nov. 12, 
 1872 ; Harriet, born May lit, 1882, and Benjamin, born 
 Nov. 4, 1884. Mr. Breningstall is a farmer. His post- 
 office address is Petersburgh. 
 
 HORACE BRENINGSTALL, of Petersburgh, Sum- 
 merfield township, a broom-handle manufacturer, 
 was born in Dundee July 18, 1843. His parents were 
 Seth and Lucy (Hobart) Breningstall. Horace re- 
 mained in Dundee until 1852, when he came to 
 Raisinville township, where he remained until the 
 breaking out of the war of the Rebellion. He enlist- 
 ed May 20, 1861, in Co. A, 4th Mich. Inf., as corporal, 
 reniaining with the regiment tmtil it was mustered 
 out of service June 30, 1864. He re-enlisted March 
 21, 1865, in Co. I, 5th U. S. Vet. Vol., as private, and 
 was mustered out March 21, 186(i. Through exposure 
 he contracted rheumatism; he participated in the 
 battles of New Bridge, Hanover Court House, Mc- 
 chanicsville, Gaines Slill, Savage's Station, Antulaus, 
 White Oak Swamp, Gainesville, .second Bull Run, 
 Malvern Hill, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilder- 
 ness, Spottsylvania and several other engagements. 
 He is a member of Morgan Parker Post, No. 281, 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 45 
 
 G. A. R., of which he is commander. He wa.^' mar- 
 ried July 11, 1868, to Elizabeth Main. Three ehll- 
 dren were born to them: Keiiben, born March l!l. 
 1869; Susan A., born Nov. IS, IST:;, and Phila Addie, 
 l)orn March 14. ISSO. He is a Republican in politics, 
 and has held several township othces and postmaster. 
 He is also a member of the Alasonic Order. 
 
 PETE;R BURDENAN was born in Summerliel.l 
 township in the year 184-"). Hurin;; the war of the 
 Rebelliiin he gave hi.s country service, enllstins; in 
 1864, in Cci. G, of the 17th Mich. Inf. He parlicipat- 
 eil in the battles of .Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor.North 
 Anna River and several other.s. His postotliee address 
 is Petersburfrh, Monroe county, Mich. 
 
 IIARLOW CAMHIRN", who died Nov. 21, 1880, 
 w-a.s a resident of r>tcisl)urf;h from 18ti:', to the time 
 of his death. He was born at Lockport, N. Y., Aug. 
 17, 1821. He married June 17, IS.").'), Emeline Tracy, 
 who was born in Connecticut ,Iuly 17, 18:!:l. and who 
 still resides at Petersburgh. They had thi' following 
 children: Erank II., born .Vug. 7, 1S.">G; Edwin C, 
 born Oct. 2."), 18.')8; Emma J., horn Jan. 1.!, 1860. Mrs. 
 Cainburn's father, William E. Tra<y, was born in 
 Connecticut Dec. :!, 180:!, and is now living with her. 
 Mr. Camburn, at the time of his death, was serving 
 as justice of the peace. He was a member of the 
 M. K. church. 
 
 ERNEST FREDERICK COOK was born in Baden, 
 (iermany, in 18:>2. He came to this country in 18.")7, 
 and settled in Lenav\ee county, Mich., and enlisted 
 there in 1861 in Co. B, 2d Mich. Inf., and served to 
 Septend)er, 1 so:'; discharged at Fortress Monroe, Va.; 
 was in l.'> battles, among which were Antietam, Fred- 
 ericksburg, 1st and 2d Bull Run, at the last of which 
 he received a shock from a shell, from the etl'ects of 
 which he never recovered. He returned to I^enawee 
 county, and there married Miss Alice Burnor. They 
 have had eight children, seven now living. He came 
 to Summertield in 1884, and purchased the farm of 1.') 
 acres on which he now resides. He is a member of 
 Rider Po.st, No. 12; he is also a memljcr of Tracv 
 Lodge, No. 167, F. & A. .M., of Deerticld, and has at- 
 tained the degree of Knight Templar. 
 
 JOHN CRONOWERT was horn in Monroe, Mich., 
 in l.S;!!t. His parents were Michael and Phoebe Cro- 
 nowert. He married Miss Janet .'^weeney, of Mon- 
 roe, by whom he has four children living and one 
 deceased. He came to Sumn)erlield in 1871, and 
 purcha.sed the farm of 8U acres on which he now 
 resides. 
 
 MYRON B. DAVIS w;us born in Rush, Monroe 
 county, N, Y., Dec. 24, 182:!, and with his i)arcnts, 
 Ethan and Alice ,M. (Ca.se) Davis, moved from there 
 to Monroe county in 18:!."), settling near Dundee. 
 March •'>, 184.'), he married Mary T., daughter of 
 Justus and Lura (Uushnell) Tremain. Their chililren 
 are: Lucius B., born Feb. !•, 1847; Myron A., .May 2::. 
 18.32; Lura M., June 2!t, 1.S62, died May 12, 1874. 
 Mr. Davis was always an active mcndier of the Pres- 
 byterian church, he'beingthe secon<l elder elected on 
 it.s organization in Petersburgh. l"or many yearw was 
 superintendent of the .''nmlay-school, trustee in 
 cluirch 3(1 vears, and trciusurer for several years. 
 .\mong the'ollices he has held townsliii) clerk for 
 nearly two yeais, raendier of village, council one or 
 two years, and treasurer about the same length of 
 time. For a number of years he was activelv eng-aged 
 in business in Petersburgh, ami through his means 
 the first steam grist mill was built in ISK!. He died 
 April !P, iNVt. 
 
 .•VAR(»N DILLENBACK was horn in the town of 
 Stark, Herkimer c.mnty, N. Y., in 1S24. His parents 
 were Isaac and Nancy Dillenback, who removed to 
 Steuben county, N. Y., in 1841, and .settleil in the 
 town of Wheeler, and .lleil there, .Mrs. D. In 1»'.<I ami 
 the husband in 1881. With the exception of four 
 
 years in Ohio Aaron remained in Wheeler until 18r.t'), 
 when he came to Monroe county, Mieh., ant! pur- 
 cha.sed the farm of 2."> acres in ihe town ot Sum- 
 merlield to which he removed liis family in 1S67, and 
 has made this his home to the present time. He 
 marrieil Miss Olive Kelley, of l{eeilt(nvn, Si-neca 
 county, Ohio, formerly of VVheeler, N. Y. They havi- 
 one daughter. Miss I.illie F. Dillenbaek. 
 
 CORNELIIS DINti.MAN was born in Ihe Mo- 
 hawk Valley near Canajoharie, in isil. The fannly 
 located at .\nadia, N. V.. about the year 1S21; from 
 there Cornelius located at h'ochesler, N. Y., and 
 here married Sarah Ann Wonlen. of .\ von, Livingston 
 county, N. Y., and has three children njw living. In 
 ls:lO Mr. D. came to Monroe i-ouiily. Miib., and .set- 
 tleil in Dundee township. Hy trade a carpenli-r, but 
 has followed various otiier occupations. For twelve 
 years he was postmaster in Ihe town of ICxeter, and 
 served there also as a magistrate for thirleeii yeaif*. 
 He came to Summerlield about the year 1872, anil 
 purchiused the home lot of twelve acres where he 
 now resides. His wife died in 1874. 
 
 JOHN H. DUNBAR wa.s horn in Cortland county, 
 N. Y.. in 183:!. He came to Michigan in isill and lo- 
 cated in Lenawee county, and enlisted in ls62in Co. F, 
 26th Mich. Inf., and served till the do.se of the war; 
 discharged at Jackson, .Mich., in 186."). He married 
 Adelia Gilhnan, of Tecutnseh; they have had four 
 children, of whom but one is now living. He came 
 to Summertield in 187:! and remained I here for a 
 time, then returned to Lenawee county, and in lss:l 
 again located in Summertield and purchased the farm 
 of 40 acres on which he now resides. 
 
 N. CURTIS DUNHAM is a native of Ihe town of 
 Dundee, in this county, where he was born in the 
 year 1848. He settled in the township of Summer- 
 field in the year 18,")li. Miss Delia Ellis, of this 
 township, became the wife of Mr. Dunham, and they 
 are the parent.s of three children. Petersburgh, 
 Monroe county, Mich., is the oHice where Mr. Dun- 
 ham receives ids mail. 
 
 ISAAC EAlINCE was born in Trumbull county, 
 Ohio, in 184(>. Enlisted in isiil in Co. I, tjth Ohio 
 Cav., and served to the dose of the war; was dis- 
 charged at Petersburg, Va., in 186'); was at the bat- 
 tles of Antietam. Wilderness, (iettysburg, 2d Hull 
 Run, and others. In 1866 Mr. Faunre located in 
 Allen countv, Ohio, and there married .Miss Nancy 
 
 Clark, of Allen countv, by wh he has two ehildren 
 
 now living. His wife died in 1S70, and in 1S7I he wils 
 a^aiii joined in marriage willi Miss Alcinda Bacon, 
 o? Trumbull county, Ohio. They havi- four childreii 
 living. In 187:! Mr. Faunce came to Monroe county, 
 Mich., and purchased 80 acres of unimproved land. 
 He has now 1(K) acres of land nmler cultivation, with 
 line residence and good out-buildings. He is a mem- 
 ber of .Morgan Parker Post, No. 281, (i. A. R. 
 
 JOHN W. FILLMORE, a son of Calvin T. and 
 .Maranda Fillmore, and a nephew of ex-Presidenl 
 Millard Fillmore, was born in Washtenaw county, 
 Mich., in 18:17. He enlisted Aug. 6. IHCc'. in Co. D, 
 20th Reg. Mich. Vol. Inf., and was disiharged at De- 
 Troit, Mich., in 186:!, having served over one year. 
 He was in the battles of Antietam, South .Mountain 
 and Frederick.sburg. He came to the town of Sum- 
 merlield in 1868, and soon after purchased the farm 
 of 66 acres on which he now resides. He was mar- 
 ried in 1S(1,5 to Mrs. Margaret Fdlmore, relict of Clar- 
 ence Fillmore, of Wa.shlenaw county, Mich. They 
 liave four children. He was chosen as a magistrate 
 in 1881, and held Ihe ollice four years. He is a mem- 
 ber of Morgan Parker Post, No. 2sl His parents 
 located in Wa-shtenaw county, from Biillalo, N.Y., 
 in 18:1.'., and lived therethrough life. 
 
 J\MES H.tJAGi; was born in Cuero, Onondaga 
 couiity N Y Aug. 28, 1820. When but a lad he 
 
46 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 with his grandparents went to Auburn, N. Y., where 
 he attended school with a view of becoming a civil 
 engineer, but defective eye-sight compelled him to 
 abandon the project. In 1841 he moved to Romulus, 
 Seneca county. New York, and May 1, 1.S4-I, was 
 married to Lettice, youngest daughter of, Robert 
 Fleming. He engaged in farming and school teach- 
 ing until the spring of l.SGl, when he moved to 
 Michigan with his wife and children, Henry F., born 
 June 1, 1845, Robert L., born Nov. IL', 1849, and Dora 
 K., born Jan. 21, 1859, settling in Petrrsburgh in May, 
 1863, taking an active social and liusiness course. He 
 was the pioneer druggist from 18(i5 to 18(>9, during 
 which time he was postmaster. In partnershij) with 
 his son he started the Petersburgh .4oatanc7i.(%June,'71. 
 In 1870 he was elected township clerk, which beheld 
 two terms; coroner in 1872 and justice of the peace 
 in 1873, to which he has been re-elected each term 
 since. In politics he is a Republican; in religion a 
 member of the Presbyterian church, in which he is 
 an elder. 
 
 EDWIN ALOEKNON (ilLBERT, the proprietor 
 of the Peterslmrgh .lunrual, is the son of Peter H. and 
 Harriet K. (Jenkins) (iilbert, being born January 27, 
 1802 in Tekonsha, Calhoun county, Mich. He served 
 his time as a printer in the Enterprise office at Gales 
 liurg. In 1887 he moved to Petersburgh and pur- 
 chased the Joainal. May 27, 1888, he married Carrie 
 E. Hafer, then living with her sister, Mrs. Theodore 
 Cook, in Eckford township, near Homer, Mich., who 
 died April 25, 1889, was buried in the cemetery at 
 Homer. She left one son born April 7, 1889. Ed- 
 win is the youngest of four brothers, and contrary 
 to the traditional custom of his craft is a total ab- 
 stainer, and since 18S1 has been an active member of 
 the Good Templars, and although only thirteen are 
 with him, is a strong I'rohibitionist. While in Bur- 
 lington he united with the Free Baptist church, with 
 which faith he still holds communion. 
 
 CLINTON 8. (tILLETT is a native of this town- 
 ship, his liirth taking place in the year 1843. He is 
 the owner of a beautiful farm of 40 acres. His wife's 
 maiden name was Nancy Gould, a native of Lenawee 
 county, Mich. They were married in the year 1870, 
 and are the parents of one child. Mr. Gillett's post- 
 olhce address is Dundee, Michigan. 
 
 WILBUR GREENFIELD was born in Steuben 
 county, N. Y., in 1839. His parents were James and 
 Mary Greenfield, who removed to Huron county, 0., 
 in 1840, and in 1852 came to Lenawee county, Mich., 
 and settled in the town of Macon. Wilbur enlisted 
 in 1802 in Co. E, 18th Mich. Int., and served to the 
 close of the war, being discharged at Jackson, Mich., 
 in 1865. He was at the battles of Athens and Deca- 
 tur, Ala., and the siege of Nashville. He received a 
 gunshot wound at Decatur, from the effects of which 
 lie lost the sight of his right eye. He was married in 
 January, 18ti6, to Miss Jane Olds, of Macon, Lenawee 
 county, Mich., by whom he has four children. 
 
 WILLIAM H. HEATH, justice of the peace of 
 Petersburgh, was born in England Dec. 21, 1822, and 
 came to America in 1839. He settled in Petersburgh 
 in 1843. He was married to Esther Breningstall. 
 Their children who are now living are: Ansel V., 
 born March 4, 1857; George T., born Feb. 12, 1854, 
 and Edwin E., born March 7, 18.5(). Mr. Heath is a 
 shoemaker by trade. He has held the office of con- 
 stable, village treasurer, clerk, postmaster and justice 
 of the peace. He is a member of the M. E. church ; 
 postoffice address, Petersburgh. 
 
 JOHN E. HOLCOMB, a prosperous farmer of Sum- 
 merfield, is a native of the town of Canaan, Litchlield 
 county. Conn., 1837 the year of his birth. He came 
 west at the age of 20 years in the year 1857, and set- 
 tled in Lucas county, O., where he was married to 
 Miss Eliza French, of Sylvania. He came to this 
 
 township in the year 1884. Petersburgh, Monroe Co., 
 Mich., is his i)ostoffice address. 
 
 EMANUEL S. LAUER, a native of Monroe City 
 and the present representative of the leading dry 
 goods house in the village of Petersburgh, was born in 
 Monroe in 1850. His parents were Sebastian and Phil- 
 opena Lauer. He came to Petersburgh in February, 
 1887, and engaged in the dry goods business, in which 
 his success is manifest by his large and increasing 
 traile. 
 
 JOHN LONG, son of Morris and Hannah Long, was 
 born in Franklin county, N. Y., in 1836, and came 
 with his father's family to Lenawee county, Mich., 
 in 1855, where the family made a permanent settle- 
 ment in the town of Dover. John was married on 
 the 25th day of October, 1858, to Miss Temperance 
 A. Cleveland, daughter of Jonas and Sarah Cleve- 
 land, of Dover, Mich., by whom he has three sons. 
 He came to Monroe county in 1877, locating at Terr}'- 
 ville, in Summerfield. and remained thereabout five 
 years, then purchased a mill at Deerfield, and re- 
 mained until 18S3, then purchased 107 acres of land 
 in Summerfield, where he now resides. He served 
 as corami.ssioner of highways in Lenawee county two 
 vears. He is a member of Tracy Lodge, No' 167, 
 F. & A. M., of Deerfield. 
 
 JACOB W. McCARTY, son of Francis and Cath- 
 eriue McCarty, was born in the town of Phelps, On- 
 tario county, N. Y., in 1840, locating in Petersburgh, 
 this county, in 1861. He enlisted In 1864 in Co. K, 
 (ith Mich. H. Art.; was at the siege of Spanish Fort 
 and Tracy, Ala.; was discharged Aug. 20, 1865, and 
 returned to Petersburgh. Was married in 1866 to Miss 
 Helen E. Hill, of Petersburgh; they have five chil- 
 dren. Was appointed constable in and for the town of 
 .Summerfield in 1871, and in 1876 deputy sheriflf, both 
 of which offices he has held successively to the pres- 
 ent time. 
 
 CHAUNCEY B. MEAD, blacksmith of Petersburgh, 
 Summerfield township, was born in New Y'ork State 
 April 23, 1819. In 1835 he came to Monroe City, 
 where he remained two years, then came to Peters- 
 burgh, where he has resided ever since. He mar- 
 ried Sept. 27, 1842, Elizabeth Ramsey, of Detroit, who 
 was born May 17, 1822. Their children have beenas 
 follows: Catherine, born Nov. 1, 1844, died in infancy; 
 Chauncey A., born Jan. 10, 1846; Philip J., born Jaii. 
 14, 1848; George E., born March 13, 1850; Maria E., 
 born Feb. 12, 18.55; Charles E., born Oct. 11, 1857; 
 Caroline, born Feb. 27, 1801, died March 7, 1862. 
 Mrs. Mead died April 20, 1874. George E. married 
 Victoria E. Trombley Feb. 6, 1878, who was born in 
 Petersburgh Aug. 27, 1848. Their children have 
 been: Mabel C, born July 11, 1879, died May 27, 
 1882; Margarets., born Aug. 8, 1881; M.iry E., born 
 Jan. 28, 1883; Chauncey L., born Nov. 7,1886, died in 
 infancy. 
 
 JOHN MILLER was born near the city of Wooster, 
 Wayne county, O., Aug. 25, 1825. In 1831 the family 
 removed to Huron county, O., and in 1836 to Wood 
 county. These moves were ma<le by his parents, 
 Michael and Nancy Miller. In IS47 John came to 
 Monroe county, Mich., and located at Vienna, and en- 
 g:iged in blacksmitliing, remaining there until 1849, 
 then went to Lambertville. In 1800 he located at 
 Petersburgh, in Summerfield township, working at 
 his trade until 1870, then purchased and removed to 
 the farm of 75 acres where he now resides. He en- 
 listed July 17, 1862, in Co. K, 18tli Mich. V. I., and 
 served to the close of the war as a musician. He was 
 married in 1846 toHarrietE. Kirk, of Wayne county, 
 Mich , by whom he had five children, all now de- 
 ceased. His wife died in 1887. He was chosen 
 magistrate in 1884, and now holds that office. He 
 is a member of Morgan Parker Post, No. 281, G. A. R. 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 47 
 
 HENRY MOORE, who ilic.l Wiis a 
 
 resilient of Moiiroe county from lS.'iS until tlic tiiuc 
 of his (leatli, and cnjiaKi'il in farming. lie was born 
 on the IsU' i)f Man, Kn-;lanil, in 1S24, mul came to 
 America in 1S4!I, settliiif; in i)nn<lee township in ISoS. 
 He was married to Anna Waterson .Ian. 7, l.s.')4, who 
 wa.s also born in England Jan. 7, IS:!4, ami who now 
 resides on her deceased husband's farm. Eleven 
 children were born to them, of whom nine are now 
 living, bi>rn as follows: Eleanor. Dec. 2((. l.S."i4; 
 l/)uisa, Feb. 2."), ls.-it) ; Eliza, Aug. l:!, 1S.">7; William, 
 Nov. l:;, l.si;i; Melissa. .lulv I'S. IS(14; John, Oct. L'.'i, 
 lS(i.i; Thomas, Feb. 7, ISOS; Robert. Jan. 7, 1S71; 
 Irwin, May -■>, 1S7S, and Harry, April .'), hS74. Mrs. 
 Moore is a mendver of the M. E. church. Postollice 
 address, Petersburgh. 
 
 CALVIN PALMER, afarmerof Sunimcrtield lown- 
 shi|i, wa.« born in the State of Pennsylvania Oct. I'l', 
 isi"). He afterwards removed to New York .State, 
 and lived there "iD years. In ISS:! hecauie to Peters- 
 burgh. He enlisted Aug. 2(1, l.SliL', in Co. D, of the 
 ii7th Regt.,N. Y. V. I., and served with the regiment 
 in all its engagements until the battle of the Wilder- 
 ness, when he was severely wounded in the hip, knee 
 and hand, incapacitating him for active service. His 
 father, James Palmer, was horn in New York .State in 
 1S(M1. Calvin was the ol.lest child in a fannly of 
 seven children. He married Eunice Green March 1, 
 1S.57. Their children are: William, born Nov. 4, 
 IS.")-; Eliza, born April 2, l.SliO, and Eleanor, born 
 Aug. I, ISti."). His i)ostoMice address is Petersburgh. 
 
 JOHN PETERS was born in HarpersdeUl, Dela- 
 ware county, N. Y., Dec. 2:!, l.S2:>, and with his i)ar- 
 ents, Richard and Pollv (Wilcox) Petere, came to 
 Petersburgh in 1S24. He took the gold fever and 
 in ls"i2 went to California ami entered into mining 
 and speculating, returning to Petersburgh in l,s()2. 
 He was married .March S, l.S(;4,to Ellen .M., ilanghter 
 of Calvin and Mary .\. (Bruce) Burnham. She died 
 .\ug. I), 1S7(>, leaving him the father of three children: 
 Francis, born Jan. s, ISIi."), died July ."), 1.SS2; Marv A., 
 born March 2:i, ISliii, and lOllen L, Dec. 17, is7-">. 
 Like the rest of his family, he has been a lifelong 
 Republican, and though never takingany active part 
 in the councils of his ]iarty, at the incorporation of 
 the village was elected trustee, wlii<li he lielil for 
 three years, and in ls7:! village president, to which 
 he was re-elected for three terms. 
 
 THOMAS JEI-FERSON PETTY, son of Thomas 
 and Mary Petty, was born in the town of Henrietta, 
 Lorain countv. O., in ISMS. He enlisted in 1S(;4 in 
 Co. I), l7Slli Regt. O. V. I., and .-erved to the closeof 
 the war. He was at the battles of Stone River and 
 Mnrfreesboro, Tenn. ; was mustered out at 
 Charlotte, N. C, and <lischarged at Columbus, O., 
 in 18(15. He was married in IS(j(l to Mi.ss Antoinette 
 Jay, datighterof William and Permelia Jay. of Lorain 
 county, O., by whom he h.as three ihildren now 
 living and three decejised. He canut to Monroe 
 CItv in 1S7(). and in company with John Wellman 
 engaged in business as carpenter and joiner ami 
 builder, which be followed eight years. In ls7.s or 
 |s7',t became to the town of .Suinmerfield and piir- 
 cha.sed the farm on which he now resides, of 120 
 acres, Hi.s postolhue address is Decrlield. 
 
 MRS. ALICE L. PIERCE was born in Cuyahoga 
 county, O , in ls4S. ]\i-r i)arenls were Joshua and 
 Lucina Turner. She married James Pierce of 
 Franklin county, O., by whom she has live children. 
 She came to Monroe county, Mich., with her family 
 in 1S71, locating at Petersburgh, where she now 
 resides. 
 
 WILLIAM L. PIERCE was born in the town of 
 Whiteford, this county, in 184(1. His parents were 
 William and Mary Pierce. He mhrried .Mary Lee, of 
 Milan,ErieC<:).,0. Her parents were Jacob and .lerusha 
 
 I>ee, who were formerly residents of Seneca countv, 
 N. Y. Wm. L. Pierce and wife have three children. 
 He came to Siimmerlield in I.s7:'i. and purchased the 
 farm of S() acres on wbiib he now resides. He en- 
 listed in l.S(i4 in the .Mechanics ami Engineering 
 Corps, and was dischiirgeilat Niushville, Tenn., in llie 
 same year. 
 
 DAVID RAINSBERGER was born in Tuscarawas 
 county, OU'iK, in ls.')2. His pari-nis were Lewis and 
 Sarah Rainsberger, and in |x."i(> tliev removed lo 
 Blackford county, Ind., wbire tliey'died. Daviil 
 married Miss Lucy J. (irimes, o(" Blackford connly, 
 Ind., and they have six chili ren living. In |n77 Mr, 
 Rainslierger relurneil to Ohio and settled in .\llen 
 county. In 1S7S he came to Moinne county, Miili., 
 ami pmvhased :!ll acres of land in Summerlield, 
 where he now resides. 
 
 THOMAS ALLEN REA was born at Darlmoulh, 
 Crystal county, Ma.ss., in 1.S2:!. In early life he eam«' 
 with bis parents to Wyondng county, N. Y., where 
 in IS4S he was married to Miss Ksther E. Mann, by 
 whom he had two ihililren. From Wyoming county 
 he nextst'ttled at Aurora, Erie county, N, Y,, where 
 his wile <lied in I.s.")!i, and in ISdl be was mar- 
 ried to Miss Harriet E. Havens, ol Auroia, by whom 
 he has three cinldren now living. In I.MIS Mr. Rea 
 came to Monroe county, Mich., with his family, ami 
 located on ()l) acres of land abixd one-half iidie east 
 of Petei-sburpb, wiiere his widow still resides, ;inil 
 where he ilied May l!i, 1.S.S7, He bad been a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyteiian church for .seventeen years. 
 
 N. MYRON ROBERTSON isa n.alive of New York 
 Slate, horn in the year I8(1S in Oswego county. He 
 accoinpanieil his parents lo Huron county. Ohio, at 
 an carlv age. He .settK'd in Summerliehl township 
 in the" year ISS7. Miss Ros<' Adel Pearl, of Erie 
 county, Ohio, became the wife of Mr. Robertson pre- 
 vious to his arrival in .Michig:in. His postollice ad- 
 dress is Petersburgh. 
 
 LEWIS ROE, son of Dominick and Julia Roe, 
 was born in the tow n of Isrie, .Monroe county. Mich., 
 in isr)4. His father, Dominiik Roe, was also born in 
 the town of Erie, about the year 1S17; hi' dicci in 
 is.sl. In ls7!i Lewis left the town of Erie and located 
 in the town of Dundee on a farm of 4(1 acres, and re- 
 mained then' until IS7(l, then purchased .Ml acres of 
 land in SuunnerlieM, on which be now resides. He 
 marrie.l Miss Sarah Hrenar, of Beilford. Mich, They 
 have three children, two of whom are now living. 
 
 EIXiAR W. SPENCER came to the Slate ..f Mich- 
 igan in the year Isii7 and located at Coldwater. He 
 settled in Summerlield township the follow;ing year. 
 He was born in Erie county. Pa.; his wife, .Mary 
 DeWolf, wa.-^ born in Connecticut. They are the par- 
 ents of four interesting children. Mr. Spencer is a 
 ilealer in commercial fertilizers and machinery ; also 
 a shipper to a considerable extent. He receives Ids 
 mail at Petersburgh, .Monroe county. 
 
 WILLIAM C. STAIIL is a native of Union county, 
 Pa., where he was born in the year ls.'<'.i, sellling in 
 this township in 1K.S2. He is the owner of a f.'irm of 
 72 acres. Previous to purchasing the farm be taught 
 scliool for nine vears in this countv. .Mi.'-s Bosella B. 
 Kna).)), of Raisinville, became the wif<' d .Mr. Staid, 
 and they are the parents of two children. Peters- 
 burgh is" the iK)sto(lice adclress of Wm. C. Staid. 
 
 PI':TER STA I; I'"FKR was bi.rn in the tow n of Riley, 
 Pvitnam county, Ohio, in 184:'.. His pannl-s we're 
 David ami Catherine Slauller. Tln' laudly removed 
 to AdaTus countv, Ind., and remained there until 
 IS.'),!, then return"ed to Allen county, Ohio, ami there 
 Peter Wiu< married in ISCi.s to .Sirah A. Faiim-e, by 
 whom he luu- eight children. In 1S7.'> Peter .Saidl'er 
 came to Monroe county an^l purcha.sed .s(l acri-s of 
 land in Summerlield, where he now re«lile«. 
 
48 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 ALEXANDER E. STEWART, a native of Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland, came to this county in 1863, locating 
 first at the city of Monroe and remained there until 
 1867, and then came to Petersburgh, which has since 
 been his principal jilace of business. He has been 
 twice iiiariied, first to Eliza Edwards, by whom he 
 had I'isrht cliildren; next to Mary E. Todd, of Sum- 
 nu'ilicld, by wliom he has four children. Now owns 
 20 acres of land in southeast part of section 37 of 
 Summerfleld township. 
 
 ADOLPH SULIER was born in Bedford, this 
 county, in 1S38, and was married in 1861 to Adeline 
 Cuseno, of Bedford. They have had five children, 
 four of them now living. He came to Summerfleld 
 in 1862 and engaged in the harness-making business 
 at Petersburgh, and in 1865 purchased the farm of 
 175 acres in Summerfleld, on which he now resides. 
 He has served as drain commissioner for six years. 
 His parents were Benjamin and Mary Sulier, of Bed- 
 ford. Himself and wife are members of the Roman 
 Catluilic church. 
 
 BENJAMIN H.THAYER was born in the town 
 of Macedon, Wayne county, N. Y., in 1829. He 
 came to this State with his parents in 18-10, locating 
 in Livingston county. He soon went to Detroit, re- 
 maining there six or seven years, thence to Monroe. 
 Enlisted in 1861 in Co. F, 1st Mich. Engs. and Mechs.; 
 was at the battle of Mill Springs, Ky., in 1862, also at 
 Perryville and others; discharged at Atlanta, Ga., 
 Oct. 12, 1864, returning to Petersburgh. Engaged in 
 business as a carpenter and joiner, which has since 
 been his principal business. He has been twice 
 married, flrst to Ann Humphrey, of Monroe, next to 
 Lizzie Zibbel, of Petersburgh. He has no children. 
 
 LEWIS TROMBLEY was born at Chazy, Clinton 
 county, N. Y., March 24, 180.^; died Feb. 13, 1880, 
 aged nearly 75. He was married in 1831 to Sophia 
 Gregory, of Isle of Mott, Vt. He emigrated to this 
 State in June, 1833, when he settled in this county, 
 near the i)resent village of Petersburgh. He was ac- 
 companied by Horace Hill and wife, the latter being 
 a sister to Lewis Trombley. They came on the flrst 
 steamboat that landed in Toledo, then in the Terri- 
 tory of Michigan. The steamer was named "Walk- 
 in-the-water." There was at that day but 25 or 30 
 families in what now comprises the township of 
 Summerfleld. The country was yet comparatively 
 a wilderness. Wild game was abundant, and Lewis, 
 who was passionately fond of hunting, secured many 
 a trophy in the shape of deer and wild turkeys, and 
 an occasional bear. He located on a small farm, 
 which he worked when not occui>ied in hunting. He 
 vi'as al.so for many years in the luujbcr business. He 
 became familiar with every uninbabiled portion of 
 Summerfleld at an early day; could guide any one 
 (hrough the woods to any desired sjiot, and thus be- 
 came useful on more than one occasion. He was the 
 first butcher in Petersliurgh, supplying the village 
 and vicinity for a few years. He also held public 
 oflices of trust, among them being township treas- 
 urer, in w lilch capacity he served several terms. He 
 was a zealous supporter of the old Whig party, and 
 afterwards became a firm member of the new Repub- 
 lican party until his death. He became the father of 
 ten children, but four, however, attaining the age of 
 manhood, viz.: Jerome, William, Lewis E. and Vic- 
 toria E., who are now living in and near Peters- 
 burgh. 
 
 MOSES TROMBLEY, son of Lewis and Victoria 
 Trombley, was born in Clinton county, N. Y., in 
 1820. He came to this county in 1839, and in 1849 
 took 44 acres of land in section 5 of Summerfield 
 township, which he still owns and occupies. He was 
 married in 1847 to Edith Drewior, daughter of 
 John and Catherine Drewior, of the town of 
 LaSalle, this county. They have two children. 
 
 HORACE JEROME TROMBLEY was born Nov. 
 20, 1837, about three-quarters of a mile north of the 
 village of Petersburgh, in this county. His parents 
 were Lewis Trombley, of Chazy, Clinton county, 
 N. Y., and Sophia (Gregory) Trombley, of Isle of 
 Mott, Vt. He at an early age manifested a fondness 
 for music. When 13 years of age he became posses- 
 sor of his flrst violin, on which he soon became quite 
 a performer for a boy self-taught. His younger 
 brothers, William and Lewis E.,also having a musical 
 turn of mind, the three brothers formed themselves 
 into a band, which became known as the " Trombley's 
 Quadrille Band." This little trio was much sought 
 after to furnish music on all occasions, and for many 
 years enjoyed the reputation of being the best in the 
 county. Jerome, in after years, liecame a traveling 
 musician in connection with circus and theatrical 
 companies, being leader of orchestra for eight or ten 
 years. This gave him an opportunity of seeing much 
 of this great and glorious country and its people. He 
 gave up traveling in 1874 and has since lived on the 
 old homestead, one mile west of Petersburgh. For 
 several terms he has been elected treasurer of the 
 township of Summerfield, and is the present town- 
 .ship treasurer (1887). For the last few years he has 
 devoted considerable time to the study of natural 
 history, his favorite branches being ornithology and 
 conchology. He now possesses a fine collection of 
 bird's eggs, which it is believed will compare favor- 
 ably with any in the State, there being over 300 
 species of eggs in chitches and comprising nearly 
 1,.500 specimens. The eggs of every species of bird in 
 the country is represented. His collection of shells, 
 consistmg of land, fresh water and marine, includes 
 over ,500 species, and his library, chiefly devoted to 
 natural history, contains about 200 volumes. 
 
 JOHN N. WADSWORTH was born in Monroe Co., 
 N. Y., in the year 1801. In the month of October, 
 1824, he (^ame to this county and took up about 100 
 acres of unimproved land in what is now Summer- 
 fleld township, about two miles northeast of Peters- 
 burgh, remaining thereon through the winter of 
 1824-5. making a clearnig of five acres. The follow- 
 ing spring he returned to Rochester, N. Y., and there 
 married Martha Cox, by whom he had one son, now 
 deceased. In 1829 he returned to his farm in this 
 county, and remained there until his death in 1877. 
 Having lost his flrst wife he was married again in 18.30 
 to Maria Ward, a native of New Jer.sey, who came to 
 this county with her parents, Elilui and Rebecca 
 Ward, in 1825; by this marriage there were eight 
 children, six of whom are now living, thi'ee sons and 
 three daughters. Mrs. Wadsworth, his widow, is now 
 living with her daughter, Mrs. Emma Baker, on the 
 old homesteail, and is now 79 years of age. 
 
 CHARLES WERTHER, a farmer of Summerfleld 
 township, was born in Germany Nov. 25, 1819; caiue 
 to America in 1849, settled in this county in 18,54. 
 He married, December, 1862, Harriet Sortore, who 
 was born in Germany Dec. 25, 1816. Mr. Werther 
 enlisted in Co. K, 15th Mich. V. I., December, 1862, 
 and was mustered out Aug. 0, 1862. He was wounded 
 in the knee at the liattle of Pittsburg Landing. He 
 is a member of the G. A. R. Order, of Petersburgh, 
 and of the Lutheran church. 
 
 GORDON R. WOLF, who is agent of the Lake 
 Shore and Michigan Southern Railway at Petersburgh, 
 was born at Morenci, Mich., in the year 1863. In the 
 year 1884 he settled in Petersljurgh, where he was 
 married to Mamie Piper, of Deerfield, in 1886. His 
 postofflce address is Petersburgh. 
 
 MICHAEL YOST was born in Franklin county. 
 Pa., in 1839. His parents were Peter and Elizabeth 
 Yost, who now reside in Wood county, O. Michael 
 married Sarah C. Griffin, daughter of David F. and 
 Sarah Griffin, of Wayne county, O. They have ten 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 49 
 
 chililicn, live t)oys and live ijiils. Mr. Yost rame 
 to this county in ISS.'). ainl located on the farm 
 of F. R. .'Stewart in Suiunu'rlield, where he now re- 
 sides. He enlisted in Wayne county, O. (wheri> liis 
 Sarents had lived for L'O years), in ISiii!, in Co. F, liiL'd 
 I. V. I., and served to the close of the war, and was 
 discharged at Chica^'O in lHi>.">. He was at the haUle 
 of Nashville, Teiui. 
 
 AVHIXKFORD TOWNSHIP. 
 
 ELMER E. B.\KKR was born in Whiteford in 
 1861, son of Jesse and Jane Baker. His father 
 was a native of Massachusetts, and came to this 
 county in 1S47. settling first at Ottawa Lake; in 
 18.59 lie bought the farm wliere his widow now re- 
 sides. Elmer E. married Sarah Friess, daughter of 
 Elias and 8oj)hia Fiiess, by whom he has three 
 children. His occupation is painting, graining and 
 paper hanging ; postottice address, t)ttawa Lake. 
 
 WILLIA.M BEI-L was born in Lincolnsliirc, Eng- 
 land, in 1S28, son of Tliomas and Sarah Bell. He 
 was married in 18.50 to Sarah Ann Mayfield, of Lin- 
 colnshire, by whom he has live children. In the 
 year of his marriage he came with his wife to Amer- 
 ica, and located at North t'hili, Monroe county, N. 
 Y., and remaine<l there three years. He came to 
 this State from Fairport, N. Y., in 1853, and settled 
 at Ottiiwa Uike, where he jnirchased SO acres of land, 
 on which he now resides. Mrs. Bell died in 1S72, 
 and in 1877 he was married to Mrs. Mary Ann 
 Whalin, of Toledo. 
 
 CHARLES S. BEMIS, son of Abel and Esther 
 Bemis, was born in the town of Springticld, Lucas 
 countv, Ohio, in 1841. Enlisted Sept. 2i), 18(11, in 
 Bat. ii, 1st 0. L. A., and served with said battery till 
 September, 18G4, wlien lie was discharged, his term 
 of three years for which he enlisted having then ex- 
 pired. On the 8th day of the following March he 
 re-enlisted in Co. H, 3d Ohio Cav., and was dis- 
 charged at Columbus, Ohio, during the tirst part of 
 August, 18G5. He was in tlie battles of Fredericks- 
 burgh, Wilderness and Cold Harbor, and also at the 
 siege of Petersburg from June to October. He was 
 married on the liHh day of March, ISIili, to LucettaA. 
 Osborne, daughter of J Dhn W. and Mary W. Osborne, of 
 Tecumseh, by whom he has six children. At the 
 close of the war he came to Whiteford, this county, 
 and settled on the farm of 57 acres where he now re- 
 sides. He has tilled the oHicc of treasurer of White- 
 ford two terms; is a iiieiuber of Pago Po.st, No. 471, 
 G. A. R., of Svlvania. Lucas countv. Ohio. 
 
 JOHN M. BOTIMEU, son of Christian and Susan 
 Botimer, was born at LaSalle in 1S4.'!. He was mar- 
 ried in isno to Caroline Bischolf, of Whiteford. by 
 whom he has four children: John C, born Feb. 
 29, 1868; Margaretta F., born Sept. 4, 1869; Magda- 
 lena J., born July 29, 1S72; Caroline M. C, born 
 May 31, 1880. Mr. Botimer came to Whitefonl 
 from LaSalle in 1881, ami purcha.sed the farm 
 of 120 acres on which he now resides. Himself 
 and wife are members of the I.,utlieran church, of 
 Whitefonl Centre. His father. Christian Boti- 
 mer, was a native of Germany, and came to 
 America with his parents in 1832. The family 
 first settled at Monroe City and remained there 
 about two years, and then removed to LaSalle and 
 remained there through the balance of life. Chris- 
 tian married Susan Denninger, of LaSalle, for his first 
 wife, and by her had two children, of whom John M., 
 of Whiteford, is the only remaining one. Christian 
 was married twice after his first wife died. 
 
 CHARLES CYRUS BROWN Wius horn in the city 
 of Toledo, Nov. 22, 18.56, son of Jonathan and Harriet 
 Brown, anrl maile Lucas county his home until .\pril 
 1, 1862. He then came to Monroe county and lociited 
 on the farm of O D. Johnston, in the town of White- 
 ford, where he now resid.-s. He was married in 1881 
 
 to Fannie L. Taylor, ilaughter of George and Susan 
 Taylor, who were natives of Eiiglaml, hut at Ibis 
 time residents of Lucas counly, Ohio, Cliarlcs Brown 
 and wife have three children; his business is farm- 
 in!;; his postoflice address is Ottawa Lake. 
 
 WILLIAM F. BKOWN was born at Trcmaines- 
 ville, Lucas county. Ohio, in ls,5l). His father died 
 when he was a child, and the mother w;is married to 
 a Mr, Holainer and loc;ited at Lauibertville. this 
 county, to which place William w.is brought in 
 childhood. In l.s.s,5 he married Lucy A. Wood, 
 daughter of Joseph and Rosiiia Wood, who were 
 early settlers of Whiteford township. In LSS.! he 
 settled on the farm of :!3 acres which he now owns, 
 in Whiteford. 
 
 WILLIAM CLAMPITT, son of Gabriel and Mary 
 Clampitt, was born at Hevonshire, in the parish of 
 Chagionl, England, in 1828, He married Eli^cabeth 
 Thorn, of the same parish, in ls.50, by whom he had 
 twelve children, eight of whom are now living. In 
 1852 Mr. Clampitt left his native country and family, 
 and came to .\merica, and made his (irst permanent 
 stop at Sylvania, Lucas county, Ohio, where he 
 landed with rmly -50 cents in money and ^10 in debt, 
 and it was not until 1854 that he was able to procure 
 a pa.ssage for his wife to this country. He remained 
 at Sylvania until 1864, turning his lime to the best 
 account; he then i>urchased tiO acres of land in 
 Whiteford, on which there was a small clearing, and 
 settled thereon. He now owns 140 acres of valuable 
 land, of which 120 is under cultivation. On his ar- 
 rival in .\merica heat once applied for naturalization, 
 and cast his first vote for president for John C. Fre- 
 mont, and from that time to the present has been 
 identified with the Republican party, and has t;iken 
 a lively interest in .American institutions and im- 
 ])rovements. 
 
 EZRA N. D.\NIELS was born in Wolcott, Wayne 
 county, N. Y., in 1847, His parents were Orrin and 
 Esther Daniels, who came to this county from New- 
 York in 1S4S, locating at Whiteford Centre, and re- 
 mained there through the balance of life, Ezra N. 
 enlisted in 1864, in Co, B, 8th Mich, Cav,, and served 
 to the close of the war; he was in the engagement at 
 Atlantji, Ga,, and several skirmishes; he was mus- 
 tered out at Nashville, Tenn., and discharged at 
 Jackson, Mich,, in 1865. He was married in 1877 to 
 Ida Gunn, daughter of Solon and Sarah Gunn, of 
 Whiteford, by whom he has two children. In 1872 
 he pun-based and opened the stone ijuarry near the 
 head of Ottawa Lake, where he keeps two men em- 
 ployed in getting out buildiiiL' stone, of which he 
 turns out from three to five liundrcd cords annu- 
 ally. A supply is kept constantly on liand at the 
 quarrv. 
 
 JASPER FERRIS was born in the town of White- 
 ford, in 1839. His father, Samuel W. Ferris, was 
 born in New York City, in l.HOit, and we next find 
 him in Montgomery county, N. Y,, from whence he 
 came to Lucas county, Ohio, and settled near Toledo, 
 and from there to this county, where he lo<'ate<l on 
 40 acres of land in the southeast part of section 4, 
 and remained there the balance of his life. He was 
 married in 1831 to Margaret Cranker. of Montgomery 
 county, N. Y., by whom he had eight children, of 
 whom' six are now living. His widow still survives 
 him, ami resiiies at the ol<l homestead. The address 
 of .Jasper is Whitefonl Centre, 
 
 SAMUEL L. FLETCHER wivs born in the town 
 of Norwich, Ilun.n county, Ohio, in ls20. His imr- 
 ents were John and Ellen Fletcher, who settled in 
 Otta wa Co., Mich., at an earl V date, and remained there 
 through life. In 1841 Samuel located near Toledo, 
 Ohio , and remained there until about the year 1S58, 
 and then came to Whitefonl and purchased the farm 
 of 82 acres on which he now resides. He wiis mar- 
 ried in \Xo~ to Mrs. Anna Cornwall, of Whiteford, 
 
50 
 
 HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 by whom lie has two sons and two daughters. He 
 served as constable several years in Lucas county. 
 Ohio, also as an assessor, school director, etc.; in 18SG 
 took contract from the government for carrying the 
 mail from Sylvania via Whiteford Centre to Lam- 
 bertville, for four years. 
 
 GEORGE FOWLER was born in Columbia 
 county. Pa., Sept. 12, ISIS. His grandfather was an 
 Englishman, and came to this country as a soldier 
 under Cornwallis, during the Revolutionary war; he 
 was taken prisoner at Yorktown by the American 
 Army, and afterwards settled on Long Island. The 
 parents of George Fowler were Benjamin and Eliza- 
 beth. George has been twice married, first in 1S41, to 
 Caroline Varner,daugl iter of Daniel Varner.of Luzerne 
 Co., Pa., by whom he had eight children, five of whom 
 are now living; she died in 1.S70. In 1871 he was mar- 
 ried to Mrs. Emma Pool, of Whiteford. In 1845 Mr. 
 Fowler removed to Licking county, Ohio, where he 
 followed milling and the mill-wright business for a 
 number of years. In 1863 located on his present 
 farm of 80 acres, in Whiteford, to which he was 
 obliged to cut his own road through the forest two 
 miles; he now has 60 acres under improvement. He 
 was originally a member of the old Whig party, but 
 afterwards became a Republican and took a deep in- 
 terest in the Union cause during the Rebellion, as- 
 sisting in the formation of three regiments in Ohio. 
 
 ROSWELL W. GRAHAM was born in Lake 
 county, Ohio, in ISii. His lather, David Graham, 
 was born in New Hampshire in 1798, and came with 
 his parents to Seneca county, N. Y., in 1799; about 
 the year 1S20 came to Lake county, Ohio, and there 
 married Hope (Jone, liy whom he has seven children, 
 of whom Roswell W., of Whiteford, is the only sur- 
 viving one; in IS31 he came with his family from 
 Lake county, Ohio, to this county, and located in the 
 town of Erie, where he purchased a farm; he served 
 there as a magistrate, town clerk, etc.; he died in 
 1864 at Coldwater, Mich.; his wife died in 1832. In 
 1849 Roswell went to California and remained three 
 years, and on his return to this county purchased the 
 farm on which he now resides, and with the excep- 
 tion of eighth years in Fulton county, Ohio, has been 
 a resident of Whiteford to the present time. He was 
 married in 18.53 to Sarah Smith, daughter of Robert 
 and Nancy Smith, of Whiteford, by whom ho has 
 had nine children, six of whom aj-e now living. In 
 1864 he liecame a traveling agent in the division of 
 the Mississippi, in the employ of the government, 
 for the protection of railroad property. With the 
 exception of one term has held the ottice of magis- 
 trate for the past 20 years, and now holds that office. 
 
 ' JOSIAH HALL, son of Elihu and Maria (Wilson) 
 Hall, was born in Vienna, this county, Dec. 4, 1840; 
 graduated from Monroe high school in 1860, came to 
 Whiteford in 1867 and taught school for three years. 
 On Nov. 23, 1S70, he married Viola, daughter of 
 Charles and Cassandra Mallett. Has three children 
 living ; Edna, born Feb. 22, 1872; Fay, born Aug. 28, 
 1876, and Stephen, born Jan. 23, 1884. Clarence, 
 born Sept. 3, 1879, died Aug. 31, 1882. Has held 
 the office of supervisor for several years, superinten- 
 dent of schools for three years, school inspector and 
 teacher in the township most of the time for the past 
 twenty years. 
 
 LYMAN R. HINDS was born in Huron county, O., 
 in 183('). His parents were Alfred and Sarah Hinds, 
 who removed from Huron to ^Muskingum county, O., 
 in 1837, and from thence, in 1851, came to this county, 
 and settled in the town of Whiteford ; 320 acres of 
 land were purchased, on which the parents lived and 
 died, and of which Lyman R. now owns 80 acres. 
 He was married in 1861 to Phoebe Hopkins, of White- 
 ford, by whom he has ten children. He has served 
 
 as commissioner of highways four years. He is a 
 member of Sylvania Lodge, F. & A. M. 
 
 CHRISTIAN HOBART was born in the town of 
 Pompey, Onondaga county, N. Y., in 1826. His par- 
 ents were .lacob and Mary Hobart, who, in 1836, re- 
 moved to Huron county, O., and remained there one 
 year, going thence to this county, locating first in 
 Summerfield, and then in Vienna, in the town of 
 Erie, and in 1844 purchased SO acres in the town of 
 Whiteford, where they died. Of this family five 
 children are now living. Christian was married in 
 1852 to Esther Ann Dolby, a native of Detroit, a 
 daughter of Robert and Mary Dolby, now of White- 
 ford; they have four children. In 1871 Mr. Hobart 
 was chosen to the office of magistrate in the town of 
 Whiteford, but declined to qualify ; was elected again 
 in 1875, and served, by re-election, eight years. In 
 1883 was elected drain commissioner, and now holds 
 that office ; also hold the office of town clerk four 
 years, school inspector, etc., and is now a notary 
 public in and for the town of Whiteford. 
 
 SAMUEL C. H0TCHKIS3 was born in the town of 
 Harpersfield, Ashtabula county, O., in 1826. He was 
 married in 1864 to Helen Tuttle, daughter of Lyman 
 and Sabra Tuttle, of Oneida county, N. Y., by whom 
 he has two children. In 1861 Samuel C. Hotchkiss 
 went to Washington, and was soon after appointed a& 
 clerk in the pension office, and on the 14th day of 
 April of the same year offered his services in defense 
 of the city by enlisting in Co. A, National Rifles, 
 which was soon transferred to the 1st Dist. Regt., but 
 in conse(iueiice of the pressure of business at the 
 pension ofiice, was recalled to his desk, and served 
 in that department eleven years. His parents were 
 Doctor .\nson and Chloe Hotchkiss, natives of Litch- 
 field county, Conn., who came to Ashtabula county, 
 O., at an early date. Dr. Hotchkiss there followed 
 his profession throuah the business part of his life, 
 and in 1853 the family came to Whiteford and pur- 
 chased 240 acres of land, now owned by Samuel C. 
 and Arthur Hotchkiss. 
 
 HIRAM HUBBARD was the first white child born 
 of English parents in the Maumee valley, in 1817. 
 His birthplace was Port Lawrence township, then in 
 Michigan Territory, now forming a portion of Lucas 
 county, O. Up to 1875 made Lucas county his home. 
 He has been twice married, first in 1844 to Lettie Mc- 
 Millen, of Lucas county, by whom he had eight chil- 
 dren, two of whom are now living; she died in 1855. 
 In 1858 he was united in marriage with Jane Flint, 
 of Lucas county, by whom he has eight children,, 
 five of whom are living; she died in 1876. In 1869- 
 Hiram Hubbard purchased 110 acres of land in 
 Whiteford, on which he now resides, and located 
 thereon in 1875. His business for thirty years was 
 manufacturing and dealing in lumber. He was 
 about 12 years of age when the turnpike from Mau- 
 mee to Detroit was constructed, and says that his 
 j'outhful imagination led him to believe that the 
 Maumee and Detroit turnpike was the greatest won- 
 der ever known. 
 
 DAVID LAPOINT was born in the town of Bed- 
 ford, this county, in 1839. He was married in 1861 to 
 Mary LeVoy, of Erie township, by whom he has 
 eight children. He came to Whiteford in 1863, and 
 purchased 40 acres of the farm of 224 acres of land 
 which he now owns, 154 of which he now has under 
 cultivation. His parents were Francis and Angeline 
 LaPoint, of Bedford. 
 
 FOWLER McDowell was born at Williams 
 Center, Williams countv, 0., in 1844. Enlisted at 
 Toledo in the early part of 1865 in Co. A, 189th O.V.I., 
 and served nine months; was mustered out at Nash- 
 ville, Tenn., and discharged at Columbus, O., Sept. 
 28, 1865. He was married in 1869 to Mary Divert, of 
 Williams county, 0., by whom he has five sons and 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 51 
 
 two daughters. Came to this county in 1S71, Infatfil 
 in the town of Whiteford ; now owns ■')(> acres of land 
 on whicli he resides. 
 
 CHAKI.ES .MOROSS. The parents of the .subject 
 of tliis sketch arc Jo.seph and Phoebe Moross, the 
 father a native of Detroit, lie married Phoebe 
 Lemery, of the town of Erie, by wliom he liad 12 
 children, six now living, lie sel'llcd in the town of 
 Erie at an early date, and remained there until ls(i2, 
 then removed to Whiteford, and purchased the farm 
 of .50 acres on which he now resides. Charles lives 
 with his parents, and his business is faruiiuK. Post- 
 ottice addri'ss, Whiteford Centre. Charles was born 
 in lS()(i, his father in IS].!. 
 
 IIAR.MANMURl'HEY enlisted March 10, l,Sii.{, in 
 Co. L, 1st Mich. Mechs. and Engs-, and served thro' 
 the w'ar; was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., and 
 discharged at .lackson, this State. Oct. 1, ISO."). He 
 ■was born in the tow n of Covert, Seneca county, N. Y., 
 in 182(>; in lS:i.i his parents, William and Eliza Mur- 
 phey.came to this county, and .settled first in the town 
 of Raisinville, then in Summertield, and in l.s-18 pur- 
 chased 40 acres of land in Whitefonl, now owned and 
 occupied by Harmon. Here the parents both died, 
 the father in 1S")1 and the mother in IS.').') or l.S.i(i. 
 Of this family there are seven children now living. 
 Barman was married in 1840 to Esther Randall, of 
 Whiteford, by whom he has had ten children, two 
 now living. 
 
 ^ BENJAMIN F. NOBLE, a son of Avery and Anna 
 Noble, was born at Ravenna, Portage county, O., in 
 1840, and came to this countv with his parents in 
 18.55. He enlisted in Co. H, 1.5th Mich. V. I., Feb. li, 
 1862, and served IS months; was at the battle of 
 Pittsburg Landing; was discharged at Detroit in 1S64. 
 He was nuirried April 25, ]S71, to Viola Robideaux. 
 of Whitefonl, by whom he has seven children. Post- 
 ofiice address, Whileford Centre. 
 
 ISAAC J. ORDIWAY, son of Is;iac and Sarah 
 Ordiway, was born in Warren county, Pa., .Ian. 14, 
 1837. He came to this State in 18.52. and .settled in 
 Lenawee county ; enlisted there on the ISth day of 
 April, l8f!l, in Co. K, 1st Mich. V. I., and served 
 three months; was at the battles of first Bull Run 
 and Alexandria; re-enlisted in 1802, Co. .\, 17th Mich. 
 V. I., and served to the close of the war; was at the 
 battles of South Mountain, Antietam and others. He 
 was married in ISO*; to Tammed Butts, daughter of 
 William and .Jane A. Butts, of Ogden. Lenawee 
 county, by whom he has live children. In bS.SO he 
 purchased the Mallett mill property at Whiteford 
 Centre, and located there, eng:iging in the lumber 
 business as a manufacturer and ilealer in all kinds of 
 lumber and timber. 
 
 HENRY N. PAQl'ETT, son of Nazareth and Helen 
 Paquett, was born at Vienna, in the town of Erie, in 
 1S.57. He married Addic M., daughter of J. II. and AI- 
 mira Hobart, of Whiteford; they have one child. He 
 located at Whiteford Centre in'lSSl, and engaged in 
 blacksmithing, which business he now carries on in 
 all its branches, doing all kinds of country work in 
 his line. He has served as constable one year, and 
 is a member of Blancliard Lodge, F. & \. M., of 
 Petersburgh. 
 
 HENRY A. PETERS was born in the town of 
 Whiteford in 18-50. He was raarrieil in 1878 to Lizzie 
 Duguid, daughter of Jan-.es and Elizabeth Duguid.of 
 Toledo, O., who were natives of Scotland, and came 
 to this country in is.57, an<l located at Sylvania, 
 Lucas county, O. Henry A. Peters and wife have 
 four children. His parents were David P. and Mary 
 Peters, natives of thetown of Sweden, Monroe county, 
 N. Y.; they came to Lucas county, t(., in 1S:!7, an<l 
 located at West Toledo, remaining there two years. 
 In IS.Jilcame to Whiteford, and bought 100 acres of 
 land, ten acres of which was then but partly improv- 
 
 ed ; he remained on this farm until his death in I8.S0. 
 His widow still survives him, and n-sidcs nn the ohl 
 houu-stcad. 
 
 HENRY H. ROBERTS, son of Truman and Betsey 
 Roberts, was born at Oak Hill, in the town of Otisco. 
 Onondaga county, N. Y., in isi'7. About the year 
 1S55 he came to Toledo, <)., ami ri>mained there'one 
 vear, then returned to .Seneca Falls, N. Y.; came back 
 in 18.5!!, ami located at Jackson, Mich., then went to 
 Lucas ctmnty, t)., thence to Lenawee county, .Mich., 
 and about the year bSOO came to this countv. In 
 187S he purchased the farm of S(( acres on whfch he 
 now resides. He was married in ls.50 to Mrs. Mary 
 M. Hopkins, of Lucas county. ()., by whom he has 
 seven chiMren, six of whom are now living. 
 
 HENRY ROUSE was born in the town of Hart- 
 land, Niagara county, N. Y., in IS4I. His jiarents 
 were Thomas .1. and tiertrnde Rouse, who came to 
 this county in the fall of 185s, and took up .suai-res 
 of land in Whitefonl, where thev remained ihiring 
 the balance of life : the father die'.l in 1S7:!, and the 
 mother in 1874. Henry enli.sted in 1802 in Co. K, 
 18th Mich. V. I., and served to do.se of war; was at 
 the battle of .-Xthens, A\a., and several skirmishes of 
 less importance; was taken prisoner at the battle of 
 Athens, and held for si.x months; he was discliarge<l 
 at Detroit June 21, 1805. In 1S72 he w;m married to 
 Sarah E. Smith, of Summerfield; they have two chil- 
 dren. Her parents were William J. and Betsey Smith, 
 .who were natives of Cuyahoga county, O. Henry 
 Rouse has served one term as commissioner of high- 
 wavs, and in 1885 was elected school inspector, and 
 re-elected to that olliee in 1SS7. 
 
 JOHN J. SCIINKTZLER was born in Switzerland 
 in 1840, and lanie to .\merica in 180:!, locating first in 
 Fulton county, O., where he remained until 1.8()7. 
 From there he went to the town of Riga, I.enawee 
 county, where he was married to Rosina Waggon- 
 lender in 1874; they have two children living anil two 
 have died. In the spring of 1SS2 John J. Schnetzler 
 located at Ottawa I^ke. where he engaged its fore- 
 man for the Dewey Stave Company, and still hius 
 charge of their works; he isalso a member of the firm 
 of W. F. Dewey & Co., dealers in general merchan- 
 dise and agricultural implements. 
 
 JACOB L. SLICK, son of Henry and Barbara 
 Slick, was born in the town of Ida, this county, in 
 1842. He enlisted Jan. 1, iso.i, in Co. A, 18th Mich. 
 V. I., and served to the close of the war; was dis- 
 charged at Detroit in .lune, 1805; he was made 
 l>risoncr of war at the battle of .\thens, .\la., Oct. 24, 
 1.804. and held at Caliaba prison until the termina- 
 tion of the war: on his return from that prison was 
 on boaril the ill-fated steamer Sultana, on her up- 
 ward trip on the Mississippi River, with twenty-three 
 hundred jiassengerson boani, when boilers exploded, 
 sending seventen hundred soulsto a watery grave,Mr. 
 Slick being one of the saved; his prison life was one 
 of privation and hanlship, living on one pint of corn 
 meal and two ounces of meat per day. .•\fter his re- 
 turn from army life he followed the trade of carpen- 
 ter and joiner up to 1885, when he located at White- 
 ford Centre, and engaged in mercantile business. In 
 1S86 he was apiiointed postniiister at Whiteford Cen- 
 tre, and now holds that ollice. He is a member of 
 Page Post, No 471, of Sylvania, t>. Was married in 
 1807 to .Sarah Ward, daughter of Collins and Huldah 
 Wanl, of Whiteford, bv whom he has four children. 
 
 ROBERT SMITH was born at Paterson, N. J., in 
 1827, and came to Whiteford with his parents in IKKi. 
 He marrieil Harriet Harp>un, of Sylvania, <»., daugh- 
 ter of Daviil and Clara Harroun, who were natives of 
 New York State, but then residents of Sylvania; by 
 this marriage Robert Smith has seven chililren now 
 living and one decejised. He now owns 150 acres of 
 choice Ian. I. His father, Robert Smith, was a native 
 of the north of Ireland; he married Nancy Crawford, 
 
HISTORY OF MONROE COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 
 
 who was also a native of the same country, and came 
 with her husband to America at an early date, set- 
 tling atPaterson, N. J.; in the springot" 1833 removed 
 with his family to this county, and settled in White- 
 ford, where he took up KiO acres of wild land, which 
 he afterwards improved, and remained thereon until 
 his death in \Ht.V2; his wife followed in 18S4. Of this 
 family there are four sons and two daughters re- 
 maining. 
 
 JOUiSI J. SWILLEY, son of John and Catherine 
 Swilley, was born in Lucas county, O., in 1842, and 
 came to tliis county in 1S47 with liis parents, who 
 settled inthe town of Whiteford, on lands now owned 
 by Mrs. Rebecca Swilley, to whom John J. was mar- 
 ried in 1873; she was a daughter of Christian and 
 Catherine Crols, of Whiteford. John J. Swilley met 
 liis death by accident on his own farm in 188.5. 
 Christian Crots, his father-in-law, was born in Ger- 
 many in 1804 ; he married Catherine Terer. by whom 
 he had nine children, of whom five are now living; 
 with his wife he came to America in 1832. and locat- 
 ed first at LaSalle, remained there to 185.3, then set- 
 tled in Whiteford, and now resides w ith his daughter, 
 Mrs. Swilley ; his wife died in 1872, 
 
 WILLIAM THORNTON was born in the town of 
 Ovid, Seneca county, N. Y., in 1819. About the year 
 18,3t) his parents, Elienezer and Abigail Thornton, 
 started from Camillus, Onondaga county, N. Y., 
 with the family with two-horee teams for Illinois. 
 After a journey over rough roads for five hundred 
 miles, and in consequence of the failing health of 
 Mrs. Thornton, on reaching this county the balance 
 of the journey was abandoned and a settlement made 
 in the town of Bedford, where 480 acres of land was 
 purchased, and the remainder of their lives was 
 passed The body of Mrs. Thornton was the first one 
 interred in the cemetery at Lambertville. Of this 
 family there are five children still living. William 
 married Polly McArthur, of Summerfield, l)y whom 
 he has three sons and one daughter living. He .set- 
 tled in Whiteford about the year 18.i2, on the farm 
 of 110 acres on which he now resides; he now owns 
 130 acres of land. 
 
 ORRIS F. TUBBS was born in Chenango county, 
 N. Y., in 1837. His parents were John W. and 
 Samantha Tubbs, who came to this county in 1.S44, 
 and located in the town of Whiteford, purchasing 
 100 acres of land, which is now owned and occupied 
 by his only remaining son. Orris F., who now owns 
 14.5 acres. He enlisted in 1861 in the Mech. and 
 Eng. Corps at Adrian, and served under Col. Bissell 
 In Missouri; he was discharged at Otterville, Mo., in 
 18t)2, for disability. He was married in 1852 to Mary 
 J., daughter of Thomas J. and Gertrude Rouse, who 
 came to this county from Wyoming county, N. Y., in 
 1850. Orris F. and wife have six children ; his address 
 is Ottawa Lake. 
 
 EDWIN VESEY, son of Jonathan and Sophia 
 Vesey, was born in Lake county, O., in 1823. At the 
 age of about 16 he engaged in grafting fruit trees, and 
 followed that business through life, much of the time 
 in former years in the Southern States. He came to 
 Whiteford in 1S52, and purchased 80 acres of land, on 
 which he has since lesided. He was married in 1847 to 
 Angeline, daugliter of William and Adeline Merri- 
 man, of Lake county, O., by whom he has had ten 
 children, of whom seven are now living. He enlist- 
 ed in 1864 in Co. K, 24th Mich. V. I., and served to 
 the end of the war ; he was in the fight at Hatchers 
 Run, Va., and the Weldon Raid; was discharged at 
 Detroit in July, 1865; he is a member of Page Post, 
 No. 471, at Sy'lvania. O. 
 
 HIRAM WAKELEY was born in Albany, N. Y., 
 Aug. 30, 1815, son of Thomas and Amanda Wakoley. 
 In 1840 he came to Toledo, 0., engaged in shoemak- 
 ing, and remained there 12 years. In 18.52 he pur- 
 
 chased 40 acres of land at Whiteford Centre, and 
 located there, still following his trade in connection 
 with his farm. In 1866 he opened the first store at 
 Whiteford Centre, and has continued the same to the 
 present time. Was appointed the first i^ostmaster at 
 the Centre, receiving his appointment in 1867, and 
 held the office to October, 1886. In 1854 he was 
 chosen as supervisor of the town of Whiteford, and 
 held that oftice consecutively to 1862; was elected to 
 the same office again in 1S64, and served by re-elec- 
 tion four years; again in 1S7(), and served to 1881 by 
 re-election. In ISiil was ajipointed U. S. marshal, 
 and held that office to the close of the war. He mar- 
 ried Caroline Thomas, of Lucas county, O., by whom 
 he has three children now living and one deceased. 
 
 COLLINS WARD was born in the town of Huron, 
 Erie county, O., in 1812. He married Laura Thomas, 
 of Lucas county, O., by whom he had seven children, 
 six of whom are still living. He settled in Lucas 
 county at an early age, and remained there until 
 about the year 1837, and then purchaged 120 acres of 
 wild land in Whiteford, near the Centre, of which 
 about 60 acres was improved under his supervision. 
 He settled on this farm at the time of purchase, and 
 remained there until his death in 1886; his wife died 
 there also. 
 
 EDMUND WARD.sonof Henry and Martha Ward, 
 was born at Litchfield, Lucas county, O.. in 1866, and 
 came with his parents to this county in 1872, and 
 located in the town of Whiteford. He was married 
 in 1886, to Jennie, ilaughter of Lewis and Mary 
 Potter, a native of Lenawee county. His occupation 
 is farming; his address is Sylvania, Lucas county, O. 
 
 JARED WARD, son of Collins and Laura Ward, 
 was born in Lucas county, O., in 1834, and came with 
 his parents to Whiteford in 1837. He married Mar- 
 garet Dolby, a daughter of Robert and Mary Dolby, 
 now of Whiteford, by whom lie has four children. 
 He enlisted in 1862 in Co. F, 26th Mich. V. I., and 
 served to the end of the war; was mustered out at 
 Ale.vandria, Va.. and discharged at Jackson, this 
 State, in 1865. Was elected treasurer of Whiteford 
 in 1879, and served two terms by re-election; was 
 elected to the office of magistrate in 1884, and now 
 holds that office He is a member of Page Post, 
 No. 471, of Sylvania, Ohio. 
 
 AZARIAli WEBB, son of Thomas F. and Sarah 
 Webb, was born at Lunenburg, Essex county, Vt.,in 
 181:!. In 1837 he made his first trip to the West, and 
 landed at Milwaukee, Wis., remaining there 18 
 months; from that place he came to this county and 
 located in the town of Summerfield, where he pur- 
 chased a farm, and lemained there for a time ; then 
 went to the city of Monroe and worked for Austin 
 Wing for some time ; in 1840 he came to Whiteford 
 and purchased a farm now owned by George H. 
 Nahr; in 1845 purchased 190 acres, where he now re- 
 sides, 57 of which he still retains as a homestead. 
 He was married in 1840 to Matilda E. Nahr, daughter 
 of David and Margaret Nahr, of Summerfield, for- 
 merly of Rhinebeck, Dutchess county, N. Y.. by 
 whom he has nine children now living. He has held 
 the office of supervisor one term and the office of 
 town clerk nine years, and other minor offices. 
 
 JOHN WEBB, a son of William and Harriet Webb, 
 was born at Perrysburg, Wood county, O., in 1857. 
 In iss- he was married to Lucy A., daughter of 
 John and Julia A. White, of Lucas county, O.; they 
 liave three children. He became a resident of this 
 county in 1880, locating at Lambertville, in the town 
 of Bedford, where he remained two years, and from 
 thence to Whiteford, where he now resides. 
 
 WILLIAM J. WEBB, a son of Azariah and Ma- 
 tilda Webb, was born in the town of Summerfield, 
 this county, in 1840, and came to Whiteford with his 
 
PERSONAL HISTORIES. 
 
 53 
 
 parents in infancy. He wa,* married in l.Stil to .Adclia 
 Isenhour, of Whitefoni; they havi- ninechililren. He 
 enli.sted in .\iij.'ust, I.sii4, in' Co. K, .Stli Mieli. Cav., 
 and serveii to the clo.se of tlie war; was in the en- 
 gagement.s at Franklin ami Nashville, Tenn.. and 
 others; was dischartieil in .lune, lSli.5, at Louisville, 
 Ky. He is a memher of Pajjte Post, No. 471. of .'^yl- 
 vania, Ohio. 
 
 HARRl.'^ON C. WILLIAMS was horn in Illinois 
 in 1840. In 1842 the family removed to Lorain 
 county, Ohio, and from there to Lucas county, locat- 
 ing in the township of Washington, and from thence 
 in 18.31 to Whiteford, where Harrison is still a resi- 
 dent and farmer, and owns 81) acres of land. lie en- 
 listed April L>0, 1S()1, in Co. B, 14th Ohio Vol. Inf., in 
 answer to the first call for volunteers at the lireaking 
 out of the Rebellion; the time of his enlistment be- 
 ing only for three months, he was honorably di.s- 
 charged on the l.Sth day of August of the same year, 
 but again in 18(12 he enlisted in Co. L of the Ist Mich. 
 Engs. and Mechs., and served to the do.se of the war; 
 he was niustere(i out at Nashville, Tenn., and dis- 
 charged at .lackson, Alich., Oct. 1, 180.5. He was 
 married in 1884 to Polly, a daughter of Charles and 
 Nancy Fox, of Whiteford. 
 
 DAYTON P. WHITING was born in the Dominion 
 of Canada in 18;i(). His first settlement in the 
 States was in Washtenaw county, this .'<tate. He 
 was married in 18t)l to .losie Hall, daughter of .Joseph 
 and Sally Hall, of l^iPorte, Ind., by whom be lias 
 two children living and one decea.sed. He enlisted 
 in 18(j4 in Co. A, 4th 111. Cav., and serve<l to the close 
 of the war; was discharged at Houston, Tex., Octo- 
 ber, 18(i.5. In 1872 came to this county from Kanka- 
 kee county. 111., and located on the farm of (iO acres 
 of land, in Whiteford, whi(di he now owns and occu- 
 pies. He is a member of Page Post, No. 471; of Syl- 
 vania, Lucas county. Ohio. 
 
 JOSEPH WOODBURY was born in Portage county, 
 Ohio, in 183-5, and came to this county with his par- 
 ents in 1.S57. He was married in 1802 to Rosina 
 Burnham, daughter of Francis and Margaret Burn- 
 
 ham, of Whitefoni, by wboni be has six c-hihlren. 
 His occupatiiin is fariidng; he owns 42 acres of land. 
 His father was Daniel Wiioilliury, who was born in 
 the State of Vermont in 1788, anil at the age of 20 
 entered the army of the V. S., and served a length 
 of time iluring the war of 1812; during his s<'rvice 
 was taken i>ri.soner of war by the British forces, and 
 held for more than a year, and afterwanls received a 
 pension from the U" .'^. (iovcrinnent. He came to 
 Ohio at an early elate and stopped a while at Cleve- 
 land, and from thence settled in Portage county, and 
 from there came to Monroe in 18.57, and located lirst 
 in Bedford, and then in UlisslieM, and linally Im.aicd 
 in the north part of Whiteford, where be' died in 
 1878. He married Experience Duruee of New York 
 State, by whom he had 14 children, of whom live 
 are now living. Joseph Woodbury now owns and 
 occupies the original farm settled by his (athi'r. 
 
 DINAKBl'S B. YOl'Nt; was born in what is now- 
 West Toledo, then belonging in this S|at<-, in l.s;i|. 
 His father was a native of Ontario county, N. Y.. and 
 came west in 1.H:!1, locating on 70 ai-res of wild land, 
 now owned by S. R. Hathaway, in the town of 
 Whiteford. Dinarbus ha.s been twice married: First 
 to Betsey Bemis, daughter of Abel and Esther Bemis, 
 of Lucas county, Ohio, by whom he had four chil- 
 dren, of whom only one is now living, Mrs. Rosaline 
 Shults, who with her husband is living with her 
 father on the home farm; he was married again in 
 1877 to Mary Crowell, of Bedford, whose parents 
 were VanRensaler and Electa Crowell. In 1H.50 Mr. 
 Young began the clearing of the farm of 87 acres, on 
 which be now resides; purcha.sing his first ax where- 
 with to work on credit, he now has 7.5 acres under 
 cultivation, with fine lirick dwelling, the first one of 
 brick built in the town. His opportunities for an 
 early e<Iucation were limited, being de|irived of the 
 advantages of school up to i:! years of age. His prin- 
 cipal associates in early life were the young Indians 
 of the vicinity, with whom bis leisure hours were us- 
 ually spent. 
 
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