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 " A 
 
 
 
 O X^^?i».J.u.ts~ 
 
JOURNAL 
 
 CONTAINING 
 AN ACCURATE AXD INTERESTING ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HARDSHIPS, SUFFERINGS, BATTLES, DEFEAT, 
 AND CAPTIVITY 
 
 OF THOSE HEROIC 
 
 KENTUCKY 
 VOLUNTEERS AND REGULARS, 
 
 COMMANDED BT * 
 
 GENERAL WINCHESTER, 
 In the Years 1812-13. 
 
 ALSO, 
 
 TWO NARRATIVES, 
 
 BY MEN THAT WERE WOUNDED IN THE BATTLES ON THE PJVER 
 RAISIN, AND TAKEN CAPTIVE BY THE INDIANS. 
 
 BY ELIAS DARNELL. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO, AND CO. 
 1854. 
 
^ .2. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The author of this Journal wrote it for his 
 own satisfaction. When he returned home, 
 he was induced to show it to a number of 
 his acquaintances for their information. Se- 
 veral, on whose judgment he could rely, re- 
 quested him to publish it to the world. He 
 begs leave simply to remark that he was an 
 eye and ear witness to many things he has 
 narrated. He has represented things as he 
 understood and remembered them. Other 
 facts he obtained from testimony in which he 
 could fully confide. It is worthy of remark 
 that witnesses of probity, in giving their tes- 
 timony in courts respecting the same things, 
 often differ from one another as to many 
 circumstances, owing to their different capa- 
 cities, positions, and the like. It may be ex- 
 pected, therefore, that some who were in the 
 
4 PREFACE. 
 
 army, may not exactly agree with the author 
 in all things stated in this Journal. Let that 
 be as it may, he is conscious that he sought 
 the most correct information, and that he 
 endeavored to communicate it in a plain, 
 perspicuous style. If he has made any im- 
 portant mistakes, should those interested 
 convince him of them, in a friendly way, he 
 will use the best means in his power to cor- 
 rect them. 
 
 As to the narratives subjoined to this 
 Journal, they are short, and he thinks, inte- 
 resting. He is acquainted with Mr. Daven- 
 port, and believes him to be a man of veracity. 
 He had no acquaintance with Mr. Mallary 
 before he applied to him for his narrative. 
 His acquaintances will best know what credit 
 ought to be given to him. 
 
 The gentlemen who gave the narratives, 
 it is obvious, are the only persons resj^onsihle 
 for the truth of them. 
 
 The whole is, with diffidence, submitted to 
 the candor of a generous public, by 
 
 ELIAS DARNELL. 
 
JOURNAL OF THE CAMPAIGN, 
 
 For a few years past differences existed 
 between the United States of America and 
 the Kingdom of Great Britain. Every pos- 
 sible means had been nsed on the part of the 
 executive and legislative departments of the 
 general government of the United States, to 
 adjust those differences upon honorable and 
 equitable terms. But Great Britain treated 
 every reasonable proposition with haughti- 
 ness and contempt, and still persisted in vio- 
 lating the just rights of the Americans, by 
 committing depredations on the high seas, 
 and by impressing the citizens of the United 
 States into the service of his Majesty, and 
 employing the savages to murder the defence- 
 less inhabitants of the frontiers. The United 
 States having long borne these outrages with 
 great patience, at length wearied with insults, 
 
 1* 
 
6 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 resorted to the last and most painful alterna- 
 tive of declaring war (which was done on 
 the 18th of June, 1812) ; and the government 
 having called for volunteers, more than the 
 quota of this State rallied round their coun- 
 try's standard, ready to assist in a vigorous 
 prosecution of the war, in order to hasten a 
 speedy and honorable peace. 
 
 General Hull having been appointed by 
 the general government to take possession of 
 part of Upper Canada, his forces, amounting 
 to about 8,000, not being considered suffi- 
 cient to execute that design, three regiments 
 of volunteer infantry and one regiment of 
 United States infantry, amounting in all to 
 about 2,300, were called and destined to his 
 assistance. 
 
 Agreeably to a general order, the follow- 
 ing regiments rendezvoused at Georgetown, 
 August 15, 1812, to wit: — 
 
 The first regiment was commanded by 
 Colonel John M. Scott, the fifth regiment was 
 commanded by Colonel William Lewis, the 
 first rifle regiment by Colonel John Allen, 
 the 17th United States regiment by Colonel 
 Samuel Wells ; the whole under the command 
 of Brigadier-General Payne. 
 
 16th. The troops paraded early in the 
 morning, and were received by Governor 
 Scott. We paraded again at 10 o'clock, and 
 marched to a convenient place in close order, 
 
Winchester's campaign. 7 
 
 where the Rev. Mr. Blythe preached a short 
 sermon, and the Honorable Henry Clay de- 
 livered an appropriate discourse. 
 
 11th. The troops were inspected by Major 
 Garrard. 
 
 18^/z. We drew two months' pay in ad- 
 vance. There being a general complaint 
 amongst the volunteers respecting sixteen 
 dollars, which were expected to be drawn in 
 lieu of clothing. Major Graves paraded his 
 battalion, and gave them their choice to go 
 on without the sixteen dollars, or return 
 home. Six chose to return ; these, to fix an 
 odium upon them, were drummed out of 
 camp and through town. 
 
 l^th. We commenced our march in high 
 spirits to join General Hull at Detroit, or in 
 Canada. Each regiment, for convenience and 
 speed, marched separately to Newport. We 
 arrived at Newport the 24th ; it is 80 miles 
 from Georgetown. It rained most of the 
 time, which made it disagreeable travelling 
 and encamping. These hardships tended a 
 little to quench the excessive patriotic flame 
 that had blazed so conspicuously at the dif- 
 ferent musters and barbecues. 
 
 Here we received information of General 
 Hull having^ surrendered Detroit and Michi- 
 gan Territory to General Brock, on the 15th 
 of this instant, while in possession of the ne- 
 cessary means to have held that post against 
 
8 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 the forces of Upper Canada * This we could 
 not believe nntil confirmed by handbills and 
 good authority ; when thus confirmed, it ap- 
 peared to make serious impressions on the 
 minds of officers and privates. Those high 
 expectations of participating with General 
 Hull in the laurels to be acquired by the 
 conquest of Maiden and Upper Canada, were 
 entirely abandoned. 
 
 We drew our arms and accoutrements, and 
 crossed the Ohio on the 27th. Our destiny 
 was thought to be Fort Wayne. 
 
 The following general order will show 
 some of the evolutions which were performed 
 by this army while on its march. 
 
 * To prove that this surrender was not in consequence 
 of the want of ammunition and provisions, it is sufficient 
 to state, upon the authority of official information, that 
 there were thirty-three pieces of cannon, twenty-five of 
 which were brass and eight iron, which were well manned 
 and supplied with ammunition. 
 
 For the muskets, seventy-five thousand cartridges were 
 made up, besides twenty-four rounds in the cartouch-box 
 of each man. 
 
 In the magazine were sixty barrels of powder, and one 
 hundred and fifty tons of lead. 
 
 In the contractor's store were at least twenty-five days' 
 provision; and in the adjacent country considerable sup- 
 plies could have been had, besides three hundred head of 
 cattle, under an escort commanded by Captain Brush, at 
 the River Raisin. 
 
 An Ohio Volunteer. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 9 
 
 "Headquarters, Cincinnati, August 2^, 1812. 
 
 '^The troops will commence their march 
 in the direction to Dayton, by Lebanon, at 
 an early hour to-morrow morning. The 
 generale will be beat instead of the reveille ; 
 the tents will then be struck, the baggage 
 loaded, and the line of march taken up as 
 soon as possible. 
 
 "The commandants of the several corps 
 will immediately commence drilling their 
 men to the performance of the evolutions 
 contemplated by the commander-in-chief, for 
 the order of march and battle. The principal 
 feature in all these evolutions is that of a 
 battalion changing its direction by swinging 
 on its centre. This, however, is not to be done 
 by wheeling, which, by a large body in the 
 woods, is impracticable. It is to be formed 
 thus : the battalion being on its march in a 
 single rank, and its centre being ascertained, 
 the front division comes to the right about, 
 excepting the man in the rear of that division 
 who steps two paces to the right, at the same 
 time the front man of the second division 
 takes a position about four feet to the left of 
 the man in the rear of the front division, and 
 dresses with him in a line at right angles to 
 the line of march. These two men acting as 
 marks or guides for the formation of the new 
 alignment at the word — Form the new align- 
 ment, March ! the men of the front division 
 
10 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 file round their guide, and form in succession 
 on his right. At the same time the men of 
 the rear division file np in succession to the 
 left of the guide, and dress in a line with him 
 and the guide of the front division. This 
 manoeuvre may be performed by any num- 
 ber of men, by company and platoon as well 
 as battalion. 
 
 " Wm. H. Harrison, 
 
 ^^ Major- General Commanding.^'' 
 
 Z\st. General Harrison overtook the army 
 between Lebanon and Dayton. He was re- 
 ceived joyfully by all the troops as com- 
 mander-in-chief, with three cheers. 
 
 Septemher 1. The army arrived at Dayton, 
 fifty miles from Cincinnati, and was saluted 
 by the firing of cannon. One of the men 
 who were firing the cannon got one of his 
 hands shot off, and the other badly wounded. 
 "We arrived at Piqua, September 3, thirty 
 miles from Dayton, on the Big Miami. 
 
 4ith. Eeceived information of the critical 
 situation of Fort Wayne. Colonel Allen's* 
 regiment and two companies from Colonel 
 Lewis's, drew tAventy-four rounds of ammu- 
 nition, and started with all possible speed to 
 the relief of that fort. 
 
 bth. General Harrison having paraded the 
 
 * Colonel Allen stopped at St. Mary's for the remain- 
 ing part of the army. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 11 
 
 remaining part of the army in a circle in close 
 order, delivered a speech to them, stating 
 that he had just received intelligence from 
 Fort Wayne ; that it was in great danger of 
 being taken by the Indians and British ; he 
 said that we were under the necessity of 
 making a forced march to their relief. He 
 read some of the articles of war, and stated 
 the absolute necessity of such regulations and 
 restrictions in an army, and if there were any 
 who could not feel willing to submit to those 
 articles and go on ^vith him they might then 
 return home. One man belonging to Colonel 
 Scott's regiment made a choice of returning 
 home, rather than submit to those terms. 
 Some of his acquaintances got a permit to 
 escort him part of the way home. Two of 
 them got him upon a rail and carried him to 
 the river ; a crowd followed after ; they duck - 
 ed him several times in the water, and washed 
 away all his patriotism. 
 
 Qth. We marched at 12 o'clock — we left 
 all our sick and part of our clothing and 
 baggage at Piqua, in order to make as much 
 speed as possible. On the morning of the 
 8th, three miles from St. Mary's, one of Cap- 
 tain M'Gowen's company was accidentally 
 shot through the body by one of the senti- 
 nels; the surgeon thought it mortal."^ We 
 
 * He died in a few days. 
 
12 wixchester's campaign. 
 
 marched four miles and encamped near tlie 
 Biver St. Mary's, one mile from the fort. 
 General Harrison called the army together 
 and stated, through emergency, we must be 
 on half rations of flour for a few days, but 
 should draw a ration and a half of beef, as 
 he wished to go as light and as quick as pos- 
 sible. He said, " any who do not feel willing 
 to go on these terms may remain at the fort 
 and have plenty." I know of none that 
 stayed. St. Mary's block-house is thirty miles 
 from Piqua, on the Kiver St. Mary's. 
 
 9 til. We marched through some first-rate 
 woodland, and through a large prairie of the 
 best quality. It is badly watered ; the water 
 in the wagon-ruts was the only drink Ave 
 could get to cool our scorching thirst, and 
 but very little of that. We encamped near 
 the Kiver St. Mary's, eighteen miles from the 
 fort. At 11 o'clock and at 3 we were alarmed 
 by the sentinels firing several guns; we 
 formed in order of battle, and stood so fifteen 
 minutes. 
 
 The following extract of a general order is 
 designed to show the order of battle for night 
 and day attack. 
 
 " Headquarteks, 
 ^^ Second Crossing of St. Mary's, Sept. 10, 1812. 
 
 " The signal for a general charge will be 
 beating the long-roll. Officers and men will 
 be upon their arms and in their clothes. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 13 
 
 " Two or more guns firing in succession 
 will constitute an alarm, at whicli the whole 
 army will parade in the order of encamp- 
 ment (that is, in a hollow square), unless 
 otherwise directed. When a sentinel dis- 
 charges his gun in the night the officer of 
 the guard to whom he belongs will imme- 
 diately ascertain the cause, and should he 
 have sufficient reason to believe, on an ex- 
 amination, that an enemy is near, he will 
 cause two guns to be fired in quick succes- 
 sion. Should the firing of a sentinel appear 
 to have proceeded from a cause not sufficient 
 to give an alarm, the officer of the guard will 
 immediately call out ^ all is icell^ which will 
 be repeated through the army. The same 
 thing will take place upon an accidental fire 
 made in the day, 
 
 " The order of battle for rear attack will 
 be so far attended with regard to the rear 
 line ; the rear battalions of Colonel Lewis's 
 regiment and Colonel Allen's only are to 
 turn upon their centre, while the heads of 
 the front battalions are to close up the front 
 lines, then, facing from the centre, march out 
 until they respectively gain the flanks of the 
 front line. Should the attack • be in front, 
 the senior officer nearest the flank battalion 
 will judge of the propriety of bringing up 
 that battalion to form on the flank of the 
 front line. The second battalion of Colonel 
 
14 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 Lewis's and Colonel Allen's regiments will, 
 in all cases, close up as the leading battalions 
 shall advance, and make room for tliem. 
 Captain Garrard's troop, forming tlie rear 
 guard, will also close up and act as circum- 
 stances may require. 
 
 ''Wm. H, Harrison, 
 '* Major- General Commanding. ^^ 
 
 10th. The order of march for the infantry 
 was as follows : the first and fifth res^iments 
 formed one line in single file on the left, two 
 hundred yards from the road, the 17th United 
 States and the rifle reo^iments on the risrht in 
 the same manner. The baggage in the road. 
 The order of march for the horse troops: 
 One of Colonel Adams's battalions of Ohio 
 volunteers was placed at the distance of half 
 a mile in front of the columns of infantry, 
 and marched in columns of companies in , 
 files, and in such open order as to cover the 
 whole front of the army. The other batta- 
 lion of Ohio volunteers formed the right 
 flank guard of the army, at the distance of 
 three hundred yards from the column of in- 
 fantry, and parallel to it. The Kentucky 
 mounted riflemen on the left, the same dis- 
 tance from the left column of infantry for 
 the left flank guard ; Captain Garrard's troop 
 formed the rear guard. We marched twelve 
 miles. 
 
Winchester's campaign. '^5 
 
 11^/^ The spies wounded an Indian and 
 got his gun and blanket; our day's march 
 was eleven miles; we stopped earlier than 
 usual in order to make breastworks, and be- 
 cause it was a convenient place for water. 
 We fortified this place very strongly with 
 timber. At 11 o'clock the camp was alarmed 
 by the firing of many guns by the sentinels. 
 The whole army was formed in quick time, 
 the horse troops being in the centre ready 
 to assist any line or to obey any order which 
 might be given. One half of the men were 
 dismissed and retired to their tents for one 
 hour, then they relieved the first half. At 3 
 o'clock another alarm took place from the 
 sentinels, a general parade was again made. 
 We stood in order of battle for some time. 
 The watchword was ''''fight on^^^ after which 
 this place was called " Fort Fight On." 
 
 12th. We continued our march towards 
 Fort Wayne with as much caution as the 
 nature of our hurrying would admit ; we ex- 
 pected to meet with the enemy before we 
 reached the fort. In a certain well-known 
 swamp, through which we had to pass, we 
 thought probably the enemy would harbor. 
 We passed the swamp unmolested for a mile, 
 we were then alarmed. The rear battalions 
 formed in order of battle, but saw no enemy 
 to fight ; we immediately resumed our march. 
 This alarm and the one the night preceding 
 
16 winchestee's campaign. 
 
 seemed to shake tlie boasted valor of some of 
 our bravest heroes. 
 
 This day's march was twenty miles to 
 Fort Wayne, through a great deal of first- 
 rate land, rich, level, and well timbered, but 
 badly watered near the road; we suffered 
 extremely for water these three days. Our 
 arrival at this fort gave great joy to the in- 
 habitants, who were one company of regular 
 troops and a few families. The Indians had 
 closely invested the fort for several days, and 
 burned the United States factory and all the 
 other valuable houses which were not inside 
 of the stockading. Three of our men who 
 were caught out of the fort were killed by 
 the Indians. The Indians encamped about 
 the fort two weeks before they made the 
 attack on it, and were admitted in by Captain 
 Eay, the commanding officer of the garrison, 
 who Avould have surrendered to the savages, 
 had it not been for his lieutenant, who de- 
 fended the fort with great bravery. Three 
 Indians were killed and a few wounded. 
 Captain Eay was arrested and would have 
 been broken had he not resigned. The fort 
 was well provided for a siege, having in it 
 one hundred men, plenty of provisions, am- 
 munition, four small pieces of cannon, and a 
 good well of water. 
 
 Fort Wayne is one of the most elegant 
 situations I ever saw, and must be an im- 
 
WINCHESTER S CAMPAIGN. 17 
 
 porta nt place to tlie United States. Three 
 weeks ago the neigliborhood around the fort 
 would have exhibited a pleasing prospect to 
 those who had seen nothing for several days 
 but a dreary wilderness of one hundred miles. 
 A number of well-cultivated farms, with neat 
 houses, in view of the fort, would have ex- 
 cited emotions of pleasure. I suppose there ' 
 were four hundred acres of land in cultiva- 
 tion. All the houses were reduced to ashes, 
 together with a large quantity of small grain 
 and hay, by the savages; they were princi- 
 pally Potto watomies ; they also destroyed all 
 the stock of every kind about these farms, 
 which was very considerable. Fort Wayne 
 is situated on the south side of the River 
 Maumee, opposite the junction of the River 
 St. Mary's and St. Joseph, which are consi- 
 derable navigable streams in lat. 41° 40', 
 N. loucy. 11° 5' west from the meridian of 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 We were alarmed by the report of some 
 guns which were fired by the sentinels ; we 
 formed in order of battle for half an hour, 
 during which time it rained very hard, and 
 rendered many of our guns unfit to do exe- 
 cution, except the bayonets. The alarm must 
 have proceeded from the timidity of the 
 sentinels. 
 
 14^A. The whole force was divided and 
 placed under the command of General Payne 
 
 2^ 
 
18 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 and Colonel Wells. General Payne's com- 
 mand was composed of Colonel Lewis's regi- 
 ment, Colonel Allen's and Captain Garrard's 
 troop. Colonel Wells's command was com- 
 posed of Colonel Scott's regiment, the regu- 
 lars and the mounted riflemen. General 
 Payne was instructed to destroy the Miami 
 ■ towns at the forks of the Wabash. Colonel 
 Wells was directed against the Pottowato- 
 mies's village at Elkheart. General Harrison 
 thought proper to go with General Payne ; 
 so we proceeded on to .the waters of the 
 Wabash; five miles from Fort Wayne we 
 encamped. N"ext morning we came to an 
 Indian hut and a small cornfield, two miles 
 from our encampment ; here all the wagons 
 and baggage were left, and Captain Lang- 
 horne's company as a guard ; from this place 
 we marched twenty-three miles to an Indian 
 town at the forks of the Wabash ; we found 
 the town evacuated ; we pulled down some 
 of their houses and built up fires and en- 
 camped; we had plenty of roasting ears of 
 the best kind. It is a small kind of corn, 
 shallow grain, and very suitable for roasting 
 ears, which answered us a very good purpose, 
 as we had only a little provision mth us. 
 
 l^th. We marched through their towns, 
 four in number, in the bounds of three or - 
 four miles, in which there were fresh signs 
 of Indians. We cut up their corn and put 
 
Winchester's campaign. 19 
 
 it in piles, sixty or eighty acres, so tliat it 
 might rot. A variety of beans were found 
 growing with their corn ; potatoes, pumpkins, 
 water-melons, and cucumbers were also cul- 
 tivated by them. Their houses were all burnt 
 by the orders of General Harrison ; some of 
 them were built of bark and some of logs. 
 The tomb of a chief was discovered ; it was 
 built on the ground with timber and clay, so 
 that no rain or air could enter ; the chief 
 was laid on his blanket, his head towards 
 sunrise, his rifle by his side, his tin pan on 
 his breast, with a spoon in it ; he was orna- 
 mented in their style, with ear-rings, brooches, 
 &c. This is one of the most beautiful places 
 in the western country; the land is level, 
 well timbered, well watered, and the soil 
 equal to any part of Kentucky. Near the 
 town, where the timber has been cut, it is 
 covered with an elegant coat of blue grass. 
 
 lltli. We got back to the baggage, and 
 found all was well. Capt. Langhorne had for- 
 tified against the enemy with rails, so that he 
 would have been able to have held his place 
 against a considerable force. We took some 
 refreshments and pursued our journey, and 
 encamped near our former encampment. 
 
 l^th. We arrived at Fort Wayne, and met 
 with a reinforcement of five hundred mounted 
 riflemen and cavalry, from Kentucky. A man 
 was accidentally shot through the head by 
 
20 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 one of the mounted riflemen. Colonel Wells's 
 division returned this evening from their 
 route, which was fifty miles from Fort 
 Wayne, on the waters of St. Joseph's Eiver, 
 very much fatigued. They found nothing 
 but deserted houses and corn to destroy, 
 which was about the same amount as was 
 found at the Wabash. Capt. Morris's 1st 
 sergeant (David Irwin) died on the road. 
 One of the light-horsemen wounded a man 
 as he was feeding his horse, believing him to 
 be an Indian. 
 
 19/A. We encamped in the forks of the 
 river half a mile from the fort. Gen. Har- 
 rison not being legally authorized by the gene- 
 ral government, as commander of this army, 
 the command, of course, devolved on Win- 
 chester. This resignation of Gen. Harrison's 
 was done with much reluctance, as he had 
 placed great confidence in the Kentuckians, 
 and found he was their choice, in preference 
 to Gen. Winchester. The conduct of Gen. 
 Harrison at Tippecanoe, and his familiarity 
 with the troops while on their march to this 
 place, had gained to him a peculiar attach- 
 ment. Gen. Winchester being a stranger, 
 and having the appearance of a supercilious 
 officer, he was generally disliked. His as- 
 suming the command almost occasioned a 
 mutiny in camp; this was prevented by the 
 solicitations of some of the officers to go on. 
 
wikchester's campaign. 21 
 
 20th. The Kentucky mounted riflemen 
 started to St. Mary's under the command of 
 Gen. Harrison, in order to pursue the Indians 
 in some other quarter ; their number was 
 about fifteen hundred. 
 
 21 5^. We received marching orders to 
 march to-morrow morning at 7 o'clock. 
 
 The following general order, will show 
 Gen. Winchester's order of march. 
 
 "General Orders. — Fort Wayne Sept. 22, 1812. 
 
 "The army will march in the following 
 order, to wit : the guard in front in three 
 lines, two deep in the road, and in Indian 
 file on the flanks, at the distance of fifty to 
 one hundred yards from the centre line, 
 when not prevented by obstructions. 
 
 " A fatigue party, to consist of one captain, 
 one ensign, two sergeants, two corporals, and 
 fifty privates, will folloAV the front guard for 
 the purpose of opening the road. The re- 
 mainder of the infantry to march on the flanks 
 in the following order ; Col. Wells's and Al- 
 len's regiments on the right, and Scott's and 
 Lewis's on the left. 
 
 " The general and brigade baggage, com- 
 missaries' and quartermasters' stores im- 
 mediately in the rear of the fatigue party. 
 The cavalry in the following order : Capt. 
 Garrard and twenty of his men to precede 
 
22 winchestek's campaign. 
 
 tlie guard in front, and eqiiallj divide at the 
 head of each line. A lieutenant and eighteen 
 men in rear of the whole army and baggage. 
 The balance of the cavalry equally divided 
 on the flanks of the flank lines. 
 
 "The regimental baggage wagons fall in 
 according to the rank of the commanding 
 officers of the respective regiments. The 
 officers commanding corps, previous to their 
 marching, will cause the arms and ammuni- 
 tion to be carefully examined, and will see 
 that they are in good order. They will also 
 be particularly careful that the men do not 
 waste their cartridges. No muskets are to 
 be carried in the wagons. One half of the 
 fatigue party are to work at the same time; 
 the other half are to carry the arms and ac- 
 coutrements while on fatigue. The wagon- 
 master will attend to the loading of the wa- 
 gons, and see that the different articles are 
 put in in good order, and that each wagon and 
 team carry a reasonable load. The hour of 
 march is deferred until 9 o'clock, instead of 
 7. The officer of the day is charged with the 
 execution of these orders. 
 
 " The line of battle shall be formed ao'ree- 
 ably to Gen. Harrison's order on his late 
 march to Fort Wayne. 
 
 " James Winchester, 
 
 " Brigadier-General.^^ 
 
Winchester's campaign. 2 
 
 o 
 
 2 6 /A. Two white men, and Capt. John 
 (an Indian who was with iis), lost their 
 horses. They continued about the camping 
 ground in search of them ; they saw two or 
 three Indians exploring our encampment. 
 They took this method, no doubt, to calculate 
 our number. The spies returned to camp 
 this evening, who had discovered many Indian 
 signs in front. Five of the spies who had 
 yesterday started with the view to go to 
 Fort Defiance, were found on the road shot, 
 scalped, and tomahawked by the Indians or 
 British. 
 
 21th. The spies and Capt. Garrard's troop 
 started this morning to bury the dead. They 
 were attacked by a party of Indians who 
 were watching the dead. One of the spies 
 got shot in the ankle by an Indian. They 
 fired on the Indians, and with the assistance 
 of Capt. Garrard, they made them run, but 
 not without the loss of some of their savage 
 blood. It was supposed some of them were 
 badly wounded. 
 
 Capts. Hickman and Euddell returned, 
 who had started this morning to reconnoitre 
 Fort Defiance. They reported, that they 
 saw many fresh signs of Indians. As they 
 returned to camp they spied an encampment 
 of Indians; the Indians were talking and 
 laughing merrily. A detachment was sent 
 after dark in order to surprise them. Eud- 
 
24 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 dell, tlieir pilot, got lost before he got far, 
 so tliat they could not execute their design. 
 
 2'^th. The army was alarmed about a mile 
 from camp ; we quickly paraded in order of 
 battle, and were anxious to meet the enemy. 
 The alarm proceeded from the spies, who 
 fired at some Indians in front. The spies 
 returned to camp this evening; they saw 
 where a large number of Indians and British 
 had encamped the night before. 
 
 2^th. We continued on the same encamp- 
 * ment, five miles from Defiance, and forty -five 
 from Fort Wayne. The spies and horse 
 troop were sent out in order to make dis- 
 coveries. A party took the back track ; they 
 saw where the enemy had wheeled to the 
 right about, and retreated; and fortunately 
 for them they did so. Our industry in forti- 
 fying the camp with breastworks, and caution 
 and vigilance with which it was guarded, 
 would have rendered us able to have main- 
 tained our ground against a superior force. 
 Wagon tracks were plainly to be seen — it 
 was thought they Avere going to Fort Wayne 
 with cannon, to take that place. 
 
 %Oth. We marched Avithin one mile of Fort 
 Defiance, and searched for a suitable place to 
 encamp on : after every examination it was 
 thought best to continue here, as it was a con- 
 venient place for timber. We pitched our 
 tents and built very strong breastworks round 
 
Winchester's campaign. 25 
 
 the camp, wMcli we had done for five or six 
 nights past ; we also slept with our guns in 
 our arms, and paraded an hour before day, 
 and stood under arms till nearly sunrise. 
 From Fort Wayne to Defiance, we travelled 
 on the north-west side of the Maumee Eiver. 
 The country is extremely level and well 
 timbered, but badly watered. 
 
 Oct. 1. Col. Lewis, with a detachment of 
 three hundred and eighty men, started early 
 this morning to pursue the Indians and Bri- 
 tish ; they crossed the Auglaze Eiver, and pro- 
 ceeded down the Maumee seven or eiofht 
 miles, but could see nothing more than the 
 appearance of the enemy retreating. 
 
 2d. Gen. Harrison arrived here with about 
 one hundred mounted troops, and two days' 
 rations of flour. We have been without 
 bread four days. We were informed Gen. 
 Harrison was appointed commander-in-chief 
 of the North-Western Army ; this was pleas- 
 ing news to their troops, as he was the choice 
 in preference to any other. 
 
 2>d. The troops that were with Gen. Har- 
 rison, consisting of mounted riflemen and 
 cavalry, three regiments, came to camp this 
 morning from St. Mary's, which is 63 miles 
 from Defiance. They came with speed, to 
 assist the troops commanded by Gen. Win- 
 chester. Gen. Harrison had received infor- 
 mation that all the British and Indian forces 
 
 3 
 
26 winchestek's campaign. 
 
 of Upper Canada were on their way to meet 
 Gen. Wincjbester at Defiance. 
 
 4zth. There has been great murmuring in 
 camp, on account of the scarcity of pro- 
 visions, which threatened a dissolution of this 
 army. Gen. Harrison having paraded the 
 army, addressed them and said, there were 
 twenty-five thousand rations provided for 
 this army at St. Mary's ; this should be con- 
 veyed here as soon as possible, part of which 
 would be here to-day ; he stated the conse- 
 quence of such mutinous complaints, and if 
 this army would disperse, where could he 
 get men who would stand ? He said every 
 exertion for the supply of this army with 
 provisions and clothing, should be used. 
 He informed us there would be a number of 
 troops from Pennsylvania and Virginia to 
 join us, amounting in all to ten thousand. 
 
 bth. A fatigue party of two hundred and 
 forty men were employed to rebuild Fort De- 
 fiance. There were a few men on the other 
 side of the river opposite to the fort. They dis- 
 covered a party of Indians, twenty or thirty 
 in number ; they took them to be those 
 friendly Indians who were with us; being 
 not on their guard, they got close to them. 
 Four or five of the Indians fired at the same 
 time ; they killed and scalped one of the men, 
 and made their escape. The murder was 
 committed not more than three hundred yards 
 
Winchester's campaign. 27 
 
 from tlie encampment of the mounted rifle- 
 men and cavalry, with. Gen. Tupper at the 
 head of them. Those murderers were pursued 
 immediately by two hundred horsemen ; they 
 pursued them in scattered order. A small 
 party overtook them five or six miles from 
 camp, and finding the enemy's force superior 
 they had to retreat. 
 
 1th. The principal part of the clothing 
 which was left at Piqua, came to camp ; it 
 has been greatly needed. A majority of the 
 mounted men who were ordered to the rapids, 
 and drew ten days' provisions for that expedi- 
 tion^ refused to march under Gen. Tupper ; 
 of course the contemplated expedition failed, 
 and they returned home, as their thirty days 
 were nearly expired. 
 
 9th A few days ago, Frederick Jacoby, 
 belonging to the 17th regiment of United 
 States infantry, was tried by a court-martial 
 for sleeping on his post — he was condemned 
 to be shot. The troops paraded and formed 
 in a hollow square in close order, where the 
 Rev. Mr. Shannon delivered a short discourse 
 on the occasion. The square was then dis- 
 played, so that the army might witness the 
 awful example of execution. The criminal 
 was marched from the provost guard with 
 solemn music, under a guard of a subaltern, 
 sergeant, corporal, and twenty privates, to the 
 place of execution ; there he was blindfolded ; 
 
28 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 tlie guard stood a few steps from Mm waiting 
 the hour of execution ! This was a solemn 
 scene ; a profound silence was kept by all the 
 troops. But fortunately for the criminal, a 
 reprieve arrived for him, just before the time 
 of execution ! The General judged him not 
 a man of sound mind. 
 
 The spies reported they had killed an In- 
 dian, but could not get his scalp on account 
 of other Indians ; they stated there must be 
 a large body of Indians near, by their trails. 
 
 10th. In consequence of the above report 
 of the spies, Colonel Wells started with five 
 hundred men in pursuit of the Indians ; he 
 pursued their trails twelve or thirteen miles, 
 but could not see an Indian. 
 
 11 ^^. The General ordered we should move 
 and encamp near where the fort was build- 
 ing; this was, however, prevented by the 
 inclemency of the weather ; it rained and the 
 wind blew all day, which made our situation 
 very unpleasant. A man died in camp last 
 night ; he was buried with the honors of Avar ; 
 he was escorted to the grave in solemn order, 
 and, after a short discourse by the Eev. Mr. 
 Mitchell, six men fired three rounds over the 
 grave ; this was the first scene of the kind 
 witnessed in our camp. 
 
 14:th. We moved to the fort, and received 
 a supply of provisions (salt, flour, and whis- 
 
winchestek's campaign. 29 
 
 key) ; we had been witliout salt ever since the 
 7th, and without flour two days. 
 
 IQth. A detachment of one hundred men 
 was sent this mornino- six miles below the 
 fort, to a suitable place of timber to build 
 pirogues. 
 
 18th. {Sunday.) The troops marched to the 
 centre, agreeably to a general order, to hear 
 the Rev. Mr. Shannon preach a sermon suited 
 to the times. While he was zealously en- 
 gaged there were six or seven guns fired 
 down the river in quick succession; this 
 alarmed the whole congregation — every one 
 flew to his arms and left the speaker alone. 
 The alarm originated from a pirogue party, 
 who had just arrived with a pirogue for a 
 supply of provisions. 
 
 Idth. The fort was finished and christened 
 ^^ Fort Winchester.'''' It is composed of four 
 block-houses, a hospital and storehouse, and 
 picketed between each block-hoase, contain- 
 ing about a quarter of an acre. 
 
 20th. The General issued an order for the 
 troops to be assembled every morning at 9 
 o'clock, at such places near the encampment, 
 as the commanding officers might deem con- 
 venient, and cause the rolls to be called, and 
 mark all delinquents ; and there, until 12 
 o'clock, practice the manual exercise, and 
 manceuvre accordinsr to Smith's instructions 
 for infantry. 
 
 8- 
 
30 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 21th. In consequence of Gen. Winchester's 
 receiving information, he issued an order re- 
 specting clothing, which will show a flatter- 
 ing prospect of being supplied, an extract of 
 which is as follows : — 
 
 "General Orders. — Fori Winchester, Oct. 27, 1812. 
 
 "With great pleasure the General an- 
 nounces to the army the prospect of an early 
 supply of winter clothing, amongst which are 
 the following articles exported from Phila- 
 delphia on the 9th of September last, viz. 
 10,000 pairs of shoes, 5,000 blankets, 5,000 
 round jackets, 5,000 pairs of pantaloons, 
 woollen cloth, to be made and forwarded to 
 the westward immediately ; besides the win- ' 
 ter clothing for Col. Wells's regiment some 
 days before ; 1,000 watch-coats, ordered from 
 Philadelphia the 7th of October, 1812. Sep- 
 tember 21:th, 5,000 blankets and 1,000 yards 
 of flannel. 25th, 10,000 pairs of shoes. 29th, 
 10,000 pairs of woollen hose, 10,000 do. socks. 
 
 . " Yet a few days and the General consoles 
 himself with the idea of seeing those whom 
 he has the honor to command clad in warm 
 woollen, capable of resisting the northern blasts 
 of Canada, 
 
 "J. Winchester, 
 
 ^^Brigadier-Gen. Commanding Left Wing N. W. Army.^^ 
 
 29 th. A fatigue party, consisting of three 
 captains, three subalterns, three sergeants, 
 
Winchester's campaign. 31 
 
 tliree corporals, and one liiindred and fifty 
 privates was detaciied this morning, super- 
 intended by Gen. Payne, to clear the way on 
 the opposite side of the river, so as to make 
 the view more extensive from the fort. The 
 spies caught a prisoner fifteen or twenty 
 miles below this place; he said he was just 
 from Detroit ; he was suspected as a spy, but 
 he denied it ; he said he deserted from the 
 British, who had had him in confinement 
 some time in consequence of his not taking 
 the oath to be true to them. 
 
 Fort Winchester is situated near the point 
 between the Maumee and Auglaze rivers, 
 and is a handsome place ; it is predicted by 
 some to become in a few years a populous 
 city. The greater part of the land in the 
 adjacent country is rich, and when improved 
 will be equal, if not superior, to any in the 
 western country. The Auglaze Eiver empties 
 into Grreat Miami, which runs a north course 
 to Fort Winchester, and is navigable a con- 
 siderable distance. 
 
 Novemher 2. We moved across the Eiver 
 Maumee, opposite the point; it is a high 
 piece of ground and very level, but in some 
 degree wet and marshy : this movement was 
 in order to get convenient to firewood. 
 
 3d This late place of encampment is found 
 not to answer a good purpose ; therefore the 
 General thought it expedient to move from 
 
82 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 this to a piece of ground one-half mile lower 
 do\\rn the river. As there were onl}^ a few 
 wagons, one regiment moved at a time — from 
 12 o'clock till after sunset before the last ar- 
 rived at the place of destination. This last 
 place appears to be very marshy, but not so 
 much so as the former. It is very difficult 
 to get a good place for an encampment at 
 this time, as we have had several rainy days. 
 
 4cth. The troops have been engaged in for- 
 tifying this late place of encampment with 
 breastworks, so that we may be prepared for 
 our enemies, should they think proper to pay 
 us a visit ; the weather is very rainy, which 
 makes our situation extremely unpleasant, 
 though not more so than we could expect 
 from the climate and season. Four of this 
 army have gone to the silent tomb to-day, 
 never more to visit their friends in Kentucky; 
 the fever is very prevalent in camp ; nearly 
 every day .there is one or more buried. 
 
 1th. We received information from Ken- 
 tucky by passengers, of a quantity of clothing 
 comilig out for the volunteers. By every ac- 
 count from that quarter, the roads are almost 
 impassable. Major Grarrard, and six of the 
 spies, started to the Kapids this morning. 
 This river abounds greatly with fish ; large 
 quantities have been caught with traps, and 
 also with hooks and lines. 
 
 ^th. Major Garrard, and those men* with 
 
Winchester's campaign. 83 
 
 him, returned from tlie Eapids. They made 
 discoveries of a large quantity ^of corn, and 
 some hogs, and cattle, and a few Indians. 
 
 10th. The army moved six miles down the 
 river, in order to be better accommodated 
 with suitable ground for camping, and to 
 build more pirogues. This encampment is 
 the dryest we have been at for some time ; 
 the land and timber are not inferior to any. 
 I trust this country was designed for a more 
 noble purpose than to be a harbor for those 
 rapacious savages, whose manners and de- 
 portment are not more elevated than the 
 ravenous beasts of the forest. I view the 
 time not far distant, when this country will 
 be interspersed with elegant farms and flou- 
 rishing towns, and be inhabited by a free 
 and independent people, under an auspicious 
 republic. 
 
 16th. A detachment of six captains, six 
 subalterns, six sergeants, six corporals, and 
 three hundred and eighty-six privates, started 
 with six days' provision, this morning, at 
 reveille beating, to the Rapids, under the 
 command of Col. Lewis. 
 
 17th. Col. Lewis, with his detachment, re- 
 turned about twelve o'clock, after a laborious 
 march of sixty miles. About eighteen miles 
 below this place, he was overtaken by an ex- 
 press from Gen. Winchester, Avho had re- 
 ceived intelligence of Gen. Tupper, with five 
 
84 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 hundred men, being at tlie Eapids, who had 
 discovered a body of Indians, six or seven 
 hundred in number, drinking and dancing. 
 Gen. Tupper, thinking this a good opportu- 
 nity to attack them, attempted to cross the 
 river, two miles above ; he and two hundred 
 of his men effected this, through great difii- 
 culty ; in wading across some fell in the 
 water and lost their guns, which discouraged 
 the rest, so that Gen. Tupper could not exe- 
 cute his design. This intelligence animated the 
 troops commanded by Col. Lewis, so that 
 they wanted to continue on that night, with- 
 out stopping, and attack the enemy before 
 day. Col. Lewis thought proper to halt, and 
 send an express to Gen. Tupper, for both 
 parties to meet at Eoche de Baut,"^ six miles 
 above the Indian encampment, and unite 
 their forces, and surprise the enemy. 
 
 The express returned at three o'clock in 
 the morning, and reported, he had been at 
 Gen. Tupper's encampment ; at the entrance 
 of which, he saw a man, dead, scalped, and 
 stripped. He concluded that Gen. Tupper 
 was defeated. This news changed the course 
 of Col. Lewis, not knowing their force. The 
 General has thought proper to have this place 
 strongly fortified with breastworks, four and 
 a half feet high. 
 
 * Pronounced Rushdeboo. 
 
Winchester's CAMPAIGN. 35 
 
 18th. One of the sentinels of the bullock 
 guard discharged the contents of his gun at 
 an Indian, as he thought, a few miles below 
 camp, where the bullocks were grazing; the 
 guard deserted the bullocks, and retreated to 
 camp. A party was immediately sent in pur- 
 suit of the Indians, and behold ! they found 
 Michael Paul cutting a bee-tree. 
 
 20th. Euddell returned, who was sent on 
 the 17th to reconnoitre the Kapids, and Tup- 
 per's encampment. He discovered a large 
 body of Indians at the Eapids. He was 
 through Tupper's encampment, where it was 
 supposed he was defeated He saw the man 
 that was scalped and stripped, and he thought 
 Tupper had retreated, instead of being de- 
 feated. 
 
 2 2d Smith and his party of spies had a 
 little skirmish near Wolftown. Early in the 
 morning they were eating their breakfasts ; 
 one of them started to get a drink of water ; 
 he had only got a few steps when an Indian 
 fired and wounded him, but not mortally. 
 After snapping twice, he fired and wounded 
 an Indian. Several guns were fired by the 
 Indians afterwards, but no injury was sus- 
 tained. In returning to camp the wounded 
 man was sent on some distance before, while 
 part of them remained in the rear as a guard. 
 
 Capt.'Logan, Capt. John, and another Indian, 
 started to the Kapids with the determination 
 
36 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 to establish tlieir characters (for they were 
 suspected by some to be traitors). Between 
 this and the Eapids, as they were rising a 
 bank, they met seven Indians and a British 
 officer, who took them prisoners, bnt let 
 them carry their own guns. After taking 
 them some considerable distance, they were 
 determined to liberate themselves or fall a 
 sacrifice. They succeeded in killing at the 
 same time, the British officer* and two of 
 the Indians ; they stated Logan killed the 
 second, but he got badly wounded through the 
 body ; one of the other Indians that were with 
 him got wounded, but not mortally. The 
 two wounded got on two horses that belonged 
 to the dead and rode to camp, leaving Capt. 
 John to take scalps. 
 
 23cZ. Capt. John came in camp this morn- 
 ing with a scalp ; he said it was the scalp of a 
 Pottowatamie chief (Wynemack) ; he broke 
 his knife in scalping him, which prevented 
 him from scalping the others. * 
 
 24ztli. Logan died, and was much lamented 
 by the men generally, believing him to be 
 true to the United States, and a brave soldier, 
 
 December 1. The troops are engaged in 
 building huts, which are far preferable to 
 tents. 
 
 * We learned since, the British officer was Col. Elliott's 
 son, and was probably a Captain. 
 
WINCHESTER'S CAMPAIGN. 37 
 
 2c/. Tlie General lias issued an order for the 
 camp to be picketed, wliicli is three-quarters 
 of a mile round. It is on the north side of 
 the river, and is composed of three lines. 
 Col. Wells's regiment on the right. Col. 
 Scott's, Lewis's, and part of Allen's in front, 
 the remaining part of Allen's on the left, the 
 river in the rear. The pickets were nearly 
 completed in one day, two feet in the ground 
 and eight feet above. 
 
 lOih. The General has given orders to the 
 commandinsf officers of reo:iments to cause 
 each of their companies to be provided with 
 a good pirogue sufficient to carry its own 
 baggage, and cause all those who are without 
 shoes to make themselves moccasons out of 
 a;reen hides. 
 
 There are many who have not shoes and 
 clothes sufficient to keep them from freezing, 
 should we move from here while they are in 
 this condition ; the clothes that the General 
 flattered us with the expectation, and the 
 clothes subscribed by the Kentuckians being 
 not yet received, except a small part of the 
 latter. 
 
 ISth. Smith and his party returned from 
 the Kapids, who started two days ago in a 
 canoe ; they did not go far before they left 
 the canoe, on account of the ice, and travelled 
 by land ; some of them were dangerously 
 frostbitten. 
 4 
 
38 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 14:th. An express arrived in camp, certify- 
 ing^ that the boats which started from St. 
 Mary's on the 4th, laden with flour and 
 clothing, were frozen up in St. Mary's Kiver, 
 and the escort was building a house to store 
 the loading in. 
 
 loth. Capt. Hickman started this morning 
 to forward flour and clothinsr immediately on 
 packhorses. 
 
 lOth. We have drawn no flour since the 
 10th, in consequence of which there was a 
 letter handed to the General last night se- 
 cretly, which stated that the volunteers in 
 two days, except flour came before that time, 
 would start and go to it; and they would 
 carry their camp equipage to the fort if the 
 General required it. This news was soon 
 circulated through camp. The of&cers used 
 every argument to suppress the appearance 
 of a mutiny. A court-martial was held at 
 Capt. Williams\s marquee to try John Hog- 
 gard, a private in Capt. Price's company, for 
 some misdemeanor. lie was condemned to be 
 drummed out of camp. Col. Lewis paraded 
 his reo^iment, and had him escorted with the 
 fife and drum from one end of his line to the 
 other. So he was legally discharged from 
 the army. The most common punishment 
 in camp for criminals is that of riding the 
 wooden horse^ or being put undxr guard on 
 half rations. All the beef and pork was issued 
 
Winchester's campaign. 39 
 
 to the troops this evening ; our dependence 
 for the next ration is on a drove of hogs that 
 has been expected several days ! 
 
 11th, Three hundred head of hogs arrived 
 to our relief. 
 
 20 Ui, The weather is excessively cold ; the 
 ice has stopped the navigation of the river, 
 so that the plan of going to the Rapids by 
 water is entirely frustrated ; we had prepared 
 about sixty pirogues for the voyage, which 
 will be left here for our successors. 
 
 21st. The General has ordered the com- 
 mandants of regiments to cause each com- 
 pany to be provided with a sufficient number 
 of sleds to convey their baggage to the 
 Rapids. It is said these sleds are to be pulled 
 by the men, as we have not a horse in camp 
 able to pull an empty sled. 
 
 22d. A little flour came to camp once 
 more ; quarter-rations of that article were 
 issued, which was welcomed by rejoicing 
 throughout camp: 
 
 21th. Capt. Hickman returned with joyful 
 news — that we should in a short time be sup- 
 plied with flour. The deficiency of this ar- 
 ticle had produced serious consequences in 
 the army. We have here been exposed to 
 numberless difficulties, as well as deprived 
 of the common necessaries of life ; and what 
 made these things operate more severely was, 
 all hopes of obtaining any conquest was en- 
 
40 wixchestee's campaign. 
 
 tirely abandoned. Obstacles bad emerged in 
 the path to victory, wbich must have ap- 
 peared insurmountable to every person en- 
 dowed with common sense. The distance to 
 Canada, the unpreparedness of the army, the 
 scarcity of provisions, and the badness of the 
 weather, show that Maiden cannot be taken 
 in the remaining part of our time. And 
 would it not have been better if this army 
 had been disbanded ? Our sufferinsfs at this 
 place have been greater than if we had been 
 in a severe battle. More than one hundred 
 lives have been lost, owing to our bad ac- 
 commodations ! The sufferings of about three 
 hundred sick at a time, who are exposed to 
 the cold ground and deprived of every nou- 
 rishment, are sufficient proofs of our wretched 
 condition ! The camp has become a loath- 
 some place. The hope of being one day 
 relieved from these unnecessary sufferings 
 affords some relief. We received this even- 
 ing a supply of flour, and have been delivered 
 from a state of starvation. It beiuo- Christ- 
 
 o 
 
 mas eve, just after dark, a number of guns 
 were fired in quick succession ; the whole 
 army was ordered to parade in order of bat- 
 tle ; strict orders were given to suppress 
 the firing. About an hour before day the 
 firing commenced again ; the army was again 
 paraded and strict orders given, threatening 
 to punish the offenders. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 41 
 
 21th. Part of the clotliing arrived from 
 Kentucky, 
 
 2%th. We are now about commeucing one 
 of the most serious marches ever performed 
 by the Americans. Destitute, in a measure, 
 of clothes, shoes, and provisions, the most 
 essential articles necessary for the existence 
 and preservation of the human species in this 
 world, and more particularly in this cold 
 climate. Three sleds are prepared for each 
 company, each to be pulled by a packhorse, 
 which has been without food for two weeks, 
 except brush, and will not be better fed while 
 in our service ; probably the most of these 
 horses never had harness on, but the pre- 
 sumption is they will be too tame ; we have 
 prepared harness out of green hides. 
 
 ZOth. After nearly three months' prepara^ 
 tion for this expedition, Ve commenced our 
 march in great splendor ; our elegant equi- 
 page cast a brilliant lustre on the surround- 
 ing objects as it passed! our clothes and 
 blankets looked as if they had never been 
 acquainted with water, but intimately with 
 dirt, smoke, and soot; in fact, we have be- 
 come acquainted with one much despised in 
 Kentucky, under whose government we are 
 obliged to live, whose name is " Poverty^ 
 We marched six miles and encamped near 
 Col. Wells's regiment, which marched vester- 
 
 4-^ 
 
42 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 day ; tlie sick were left at No. Third, with a 
 company from each regiment as a guard. 
 
 January 10. We arrived at Hull's road at 
 the Kapids, fifty miles from Fort Defiance, 
 and encamped on a very high and suitable 
 piece of ground. The second day after we 
 left No. Third, the snow melted and the 
 ground thawed, which operated much agains^ 
 our march. We marched two miles, which 
 tried the strength and activity of our nobl 
 steeds. The General, who remained behinc 
 at No. Third, more properly styled Foi 
 Starvation^ thinking probably to take the ad 
 vantage of the weather (this moderate tha\' 
 had opened the river in a ripple opposite t< 
 No. Third), had several pirogues loaded wit! 
 his baggage, and manned immediately. Afte 
 travelling three or four hundred yards 
 they found that thfey were blockaded wit! 
 ice ; they landed and guarded the plun 
 der, until arrangements could be made fo 
 its transportation by land. The weathe 
 took a change the second of January. I 
 commenced snowing, and continued two day, 
 and nights : after it ceased, it was from twent] 
 to twenty-four inches deep. During thii 
 time we remained stationary. On the third 
 the army resumed its march, wading througl 
 a deep snow. We had to stop early in the 
 afternoon to prepare our encampment ; tc 
 rake the snow away, make fires, and pitch 
 
Winchester's campaign. 43 
 
 our tents, was no trifling task ; and after this 
 we had to get bark or bushes to lie on ; the 
 linn, in this case, was of great service to us. 
 Many of the horses gave out, and sleds broke 
 down ; consequently, the plunder had to be 
 pulled or carried by the men. I have seen 
 six Kentuckians substituted instead of a horse, 
 "iiulling their plunder, drudging along through 
 ^le snow, and keeping pace with the fore- 
 iost. In marching to this place we came 
 irough some good land, particularly the 
 ver bottoms, which are very rich. Wolf- 
 )wn, which is about half way between Fort 
 •efiance and the Eapids, is a handsome 
 tuation. This has formerly been an Indian 
 )wn. We reached Eoche De Baut the 9th, 
 )ur miles above Hull's road, a place where 
 )me French had formerly lived. Early 
 ext morning (as cold a morning as the 
 kentuckians ever experienced) a detached 
 arty of six hundred and seventy -six men 
 larched in front of the baofsraare, and went 
 n four miles below the foot of the Rapids, 
 I order to examine if it were true, as said 
 y some passengers from the right wing of 
 le army, that there were six hundred Indians 
 ncamped and picketed in, six miles below 
 le Rapids. The detachment marched within 
 ^o miles of the place, and sent spies, but 
 ley discovered no signs of Indians. The 
 *arty remained all night, and partook of an 
 
44 Winchester's campaigis". 
 
 elegant supper of parclied corn, and returned 
 to camp in tlie morning. 
 
 11th, Some fresh signs of Indians were 
 seen near this encampment. A detachment of 
 twenty-four men was sent immediate!}^, under 
 the command of Capt. Williams. They had 
 not got far before they discovered the In- 
 dians ; the firing commenced on both sides 
 nearly at the same time. The Indians stood 
 but a little time before they ran, but not 
 until they lost some of their savao-e blood. 
 Capt. Williams pursued them some miles, 
 but could not overtake them. By the signs 
 of blood, some of them must have been badly 
 wounded. They left behind them two of 
 their horses, a brass kettle, and some other 
 plunder. One of Capt. Williams's men re- 
 ceived a wound in the arm, and another got 
 shot through his hat. Capt. Edmiston, who 
 was one of the part}^, got his gun shot through 
 the breech. 
 
 13//^. Two Frenchmen came in camp last 
 night from the river Eaisin, who received in- 
 formation of the army being here by those 
 Indians that Capt. Williams pursued, who 
 got there the night after the skirmish, and 
 stopped only a few minutes, and then went 
 on to Maiden. Those Frenchmen solicited 
 protection and assistance, stating the abuse 
 they had received from the Indians, and the 
 
Winchester's campaign. 45 
 
 danger they were in of losing their lives and 
 property. 
 
 2bth. Arrived in camp this morning, cloth- 
 ing from Kentucky. The ladies who sent 
 this clothino^ deserve the hio-hest encomiums. 
 If it had not been for their unexampled ex- 
 ertions, we must have suffered beyond con- 
 ception. May they long live under the auspi- 
 cious protection of a free government, and 
 may kind heaven reward their unparalleled 
 benevolence ! 
 
 Another Frenchman came to camp, con- 
 firming what was stated by the others. We 
 now began to recruit after our laborious 
 mflrch, and after being deprived of a suffi- 
 ciency of provisions. Although we have 
 been without flour ever since we came here, 
 yet we have been better supplied with pro- 
 visions than we have been since we embarked 
 in the service. We have here in. possession 
 many large fields of corn, probably three 
 hundred acres. We have erected a great 
 many pounding machines, to prepare it for 
 our use. This place has a solemn appear- 
 ance. The inhabitants have fled, and the 
 Indians or British have burned their houses, 
 leaving some of the chimneys standing. By 
 every appearance, this has been a respectable 
 settlement. Four miles below our encamp- 
 ment, are the remains of the old British gar- 
 rison. 
 
46 Winchester's campaig:n'. 
 
 11th. A Frencliman came yesterday from 
 tlie river Eaisin ; he said two companies of 
 British had just arrived from Canada, and 
 the Indians were collecting, and intended to 
 burn French town in a few days. By the 
 repeated solicitations of the French, and being 
 counselled by some of the field-officers, the 
 General has been induced to order out a de- 
 tachment of five hundred and seventy men, 
 destined to the river Eaisin; it was said, con- 
 trary to the instructions of Gen. Harrison. 
 The detachment started* early with three 
 days' provisions, and proceeded on twenty 
 miles near to Presqu' Isle, a French village 
 on the south side of the Maumee Eiver. Tte 
 sight of this village filled each heart with 
 emotions of cheerfulness and joy ; for we had 
 been nearly five months in the wilderness, 
 exposed to every inconvenience, and ex- 
 cluded from everything that had the appear- 
 ance of a civilized country. When the in- 
 habitants of the village discovered us, they 
 met us with a white flag, and expressed par- 
 ticular friendship for us. They informed us 
 the British and Indians had left Frenchtown 
 a few days ago, and had gone to Brownstown. 
 About three hours after dark, a reinforce- 
 ment of one hundred and ten men overtook 
 
 * The French, who were looking at us when we started, 
 wei'e heard to say, we were not men enough. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 47 
 
 ■Qs, commanded by Col. Allen. Some time in 
 the latter part of the night an express came 
 from the river Raisin, informins; Col. Lewis 
 there were four hundred Indians and two 
 companies of British there, and that Colonel 
 Elliott was to start the next morning from 
 Maiden with a reinforcement, 
 
 18^/?. We started early, in order to get 
 there before Col. Elliott; after travelling fif- 
 teen miles, mostly on the ice, we received 
 information of the enemy being there waiting 
 for ns ; we were then within three miles of 
 Frenchtown ; we proceeded on with no other 
 view than to conquer or die. When we ad- 
 vanced in sight of the town, and were about 
 a quarter of a mile from it, the British saluted 
 us by the firing of a piece of cannon ; they 
 fired it three times, but no injury was sus- 
 tained. During this time we formed the line 
 of battle, and, raising a shout,* advanced on 
 them briskly; they soon commenced the 
 
 * A Frenchman who lived in this villfige said when the 
 "word came the Americans were in sight, there was an old 
 Indian smoking at his fireside ; tlie Indian exclaimed, 
 " //o, de Mericans come; I siqjpome Ohio mert come, kc sive 
 them another chase ;" (alluding to the time they chased Gen. 
 Tupper from the Rapids.) He walked to the door smok- 
 ing, apparently very unconcerned, and looked at us till 
 we formed the line of battle, and rushed on them with a 
 mighty shout! he then called out '' Kentuck, by GodV 
 and picked up his guu and ran to the woods like a wild 
 beast. 
 
48 Winchester's campaig^t. 
 
 firing of their small arms, but this did not 
 deter us from a charge ; we advanced close 
 and let loose on them ; they gave way, and 
 we soon had possession of the village with- 
 out the loss of a man ! Three were slightly 
 wounded. Twelve of their warriors were slain 
 and scalped, and one prisoner taken before 
 they got to the woods. In retreating, they 
 kept up some firing. We pursued them half a 
 mile to the woods, which were very brushy 
 and suited to their mode of fighting. As we 
 advanced, they were fixing themselves behind 
 logs, trees, &c. to the best advantage ; our 
 troops rushed on them resolutely, and gave 
 them Indian play, took the advantage of 
 trees, &c. and kept them retreating a mile 
 and a half in the woods. During this time a 
 heavy fire was kept up on both sides; at 
 length, after a battle of three hours and five 
 minutes, Ave were obliged to stop the pursuit 
 on account of the approach of night, and re- 
 tire to the villagre ; we collected our wounded 
 and carried them to the village, leaving our 
 dead on the ground. In this action the Ken- 
 tuckians displayed great bravery, after being 
 much fatigued with marching on the ice ; 
 cowardice was entirely discountenanced ; each 
 was anxious to excel his felloAV- soldiers in 
 avenging his injured country; those only fell 
 in the rear who were most fatigued. Our loss 
 in this action was eleven killed and fifty 
 
Winchester's campaign. 49 
 
 wounded."^ Altliougii tlie enemy had the 
 advantage of the village in the first attack, 
 and of the woods in the second, their loss, by 
 the best information, far exceeded ours. A 
 Frenchman stated they had fifty-four killed 
 and a hundred and forty wounded, part of 
 whom were carried to his house, on Sand 
 Creek, a few miles from the village. An ex- 
 press and the Indian prisoner were sent im- 
 mediately to the Rapids. Some dispute arose 
 between the Indians and some of the French 
 on Sand Creek; the Indians killed an old 
 man and his wife ; in consequence of this the 
 French were enraged, and resolved to get 
 revenge. They applied to us for assistance, 
 but it was thought improper to leave the 
 villao^e, thous^h some of them had assisted us 
 and fousfht in the front of the battle. 
 
 l^th. A party was sent out to the battle- 
 ground to bring in the dead, which were 
 found scalped and stripped except one. In 
 going over the battle-ground, great signs were 
 seen (by the blood and where they had been 
 dragged through the snow) of a considerable 
 loss on the part of the enemy. Two of the 
 wounded died. The British left a consider- 
 able quantity of provisions and some store 
 
 * It would have been better for us if we had been con- 
 tented with the possession of the village, without pursu- 
 ing them to the woods. 
 
 5 
 
50 • winchestee's campaign. 
 
 goods, whicli answered us a valuable pur- 
 pose. The AYOunded could have been as well 
 accommodated here with every necessary as 
 in any part of Kentucky, Apples, cider, sugar, 
 butter, and whiskey appeared to be plenty. 
 The river Kaisin runs an east course through 
 a level country, interspersed with well-im- 
 proved farms, and is seventy or eighty yards 
 wide; the banks are low. Frenchtown is 
 situated on the north side of this river, not 
 more than three miles from the place it emp- 
 ties into Lake Erie. There is a row of dwell- 
 ing-houses, about twenty in number, princi- 
 pally frame, near the bank, surrounded with 
 a fence made in the form of picketing, with 
 split timber, from four to five feet high ; this 
 was not designed as a fortification, but to 
 secure their yards and gardens. 
 
 21sL A reinforcement of two hundred and 
 thirty men arrived in the afternoon; also 
 Gen. Winchester, Col. Wells, Major M'Clana- 
 han, Capt. Hart, surgeons Irvin and Mont- 
 gomery, and some other gentlemen, who 
 came to eat apples and drink cider, having 
 been deprived of every kind of spirits nearly 
 two months. The officers having viewed and 
 laid off a piece of ground for a camp and 
 breastworks, resolved that it was too late to 
 remove and erect fortifications that evening; 
 farther, as they resolved to remove early 
 next day, it was not thought worth while, 
 
Winchester's campaign. 51 
 
 tliougli -materials were at hand, to fortify tlie 
 right wing, which therefore encamped in the 
 open field,''^ and Col. Wells, their commander, 
 set out for the Eapids late in the evening. A 
 Frenchman arrived here late in the evening 
 from Maiden, and stated that a large number 
 of Indians and British were coming on the 
 ice with artillery to attack us; he judged 
 their number to be three thousand ; this was 
 not believed by some of our leading men, 
 who were regaling themselves with whiskey 
 and loaf sugar; but the generality of the 
 troops put great confidence in the French- 
 man's report, and expected some fatal dis- 
 aster to befall us; principally because Gen. 
 Winchester had taken up his head-quarters 
 nearly half a mile from any part of the en- 
 campment, and because the right wing was 
 exposed. Ensign Harrow was sent with a 
 party of men, some time after night, by the 
 orders of Col. Lewis, to bring in all the men, 
 either officers or privates, that he might find 
 out of their quarters. After finding some and 
 giving them their orders, he went to a brick 
 house, about a mile up the river, and entered 
 a room; finding it not occupied, he imme- 
 diately went above stairs and saw two men, 
 whom he took to be British officers, talking 
 
 * This want of precaution was a great cause of our 
 mournful defeat! 
 
52 wixchestee's campaign. 
 
 with the landlord. The landlord asked him 
 to walk down into a stove room, and handing 
 his bottle, asked him to drink, and informed 
 him "there was no danger, for the British 
 had not a force sufficient to whip ns." So 
 Harrow returned about 1 o'clock and re- 
 ported to Col. Lewis what he had seen. Col. 
 Lewis treated the report with coolness, think- 
 ing the persons seen were only some gentle- 
 men from town ; just at daybreak the reveille 
 began to beat, as usual; this gave joy to the 
 troops, who had passed the night under the 
 apprehensions of being attacked before day. 
 The reveille had not been beating more than 
 two minutes before the sentinels fired three 
 guns in quick succession ; this alarmed our 
 troops, who quickly formed and were ready 
 for the enemy before they were near enough 
 to do execution. The British immediately 
 discharged their artillery, loaded with balls, 
 bombs, and grape-shot, which did little in- 
 jury ; they then attempted to make a charge 
 on those in the pickets, but were repulsed 
 with ojreat loss. Those on the rio^ht beins: less 
 secure for the want of fortification, were over- 
 powered by a superior force, and were or- 
 dered to retreat to a more advantas^eous 
 piece of ground. They got in disorder and 
 could not be formed.^ The Indians pursued 
 
 * When the right -wing began to retreat, it is said or- 
 ders were given by some of the officers to the men in the 
 
Winchester's campaign. 53 
 
 tliem from all quarters, and surrounded, 
 killed, and took the most of them. The enemy 
 again charged on the left with redoubled 
 vigor, but were again forced to retire. Our 
 men lay close behind the picketing, through 
 which they had portholes, and every one 
 having a rest took sight, that his ammunition 
 might not be spent in vain. After a long 
 and bloody contest, the enemy finding they 
 could not, either by stratagem or force, drive 
 us from our fortification, retired to the woods, 
 leaving their dead on the ground, except a 
 party that kept two pieces of cannon in play 
 on our right. A sleigh was seen three or four 
 hundred yards from our lines going towards 
 the right, supposed to be laden with ammu- 
 nition to supply the cannon. Four or five 
 men rose up and fired at once, and killed the 
 man and wounded the horse. Some Indians 
 who were hid behind houses continued to 
 annoy us with scattering balls. At this time 
 bread from the commissary's house was 
 handed round among our troops, who sat 
 composedly eating and watching the enemy 
 at the same time. Being thus refreshed, we 
 discovered a white flag advancing toward us ; 
 it was general^ supposed to be for a cessa- 
 
 eastern end of the picketing to march out to their assist- 
 ance. Capt. Price and a number of men sallied out. 
 Capt. Price was killed, and most of the men. 
 
 6* 
 
64 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 tion of arms that our enemies might carry 
 off their dead, which were numerous, al- 
 though they had 'been bearing away both 
 dead and wounded during the action; but 
 how were we surprised and mortified when we 
 heard that Gen. Winchester, with CoL Lewis, 
 had been taken prisoners by the Indians in 
 attempting to rally the right wing, and that 
 Gen. Winchester had surrendered us prison- 
 ers of war to Col. Proctor ! Major Madison, 
 then the highest in command, did not agree 
 to this until Col. Proctor had promised'^ that 
 the prisoners should be protected from the 
 Indians, the wounded taken care of, the dead 
 
 * Col. Proctor had informed Gen. Winchester he would 
 afford him an opportunity of surrendering his troops, and 
 if not accepted he would let loose the Indians on us, •who 
 would burn the town, and he would not be accountable 
 for their conduct. Gen. Winchester, not knoAving how we 
 had resisted their efforts, thought probably it would be 
 the case. 
 
 But why did not Col. Proctor make this proposition be- 
 fore he had exerted all his skill in trying to burn the town 
 and to set the Indians on us ? Proctor knew very well 
 he had done all that was in his power with the force he 
 had then, and he was then less able to rout us from the 
 town than he was at first. 
 
 The British informed us afterwards that Col. Proctor 
 had ordered a general retreat to Maiden, and that they 
 ha.d spiked four pieces of their cannon! but he thought he 
 would demand a surrender, according to custom. 
 
 Our officers, knowing that we had but little ammuni- 
 tion, and the troops being still exposed to the fire of the 
 cannon, thought proper to surrender. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 55 
 
 collected and buried, and private property 
 respected. It was then with extreme reluct- 
 ance our troops accepted this proposition; 
 there was scarcely a person that could refrain 
 from shedding tears! Some plead with the 
 officers not to surrender, saying they would 
 rather die on the field ! We had only five 
 killed, and twenty-five or thirty wounded, 
 inside of the pickets. The British asked, 
 when they came in, what we had done with 
 our dead, as they saw but few on the ground. 
 A barn being set on fire to drive the Indians 
 from behind it, they concluded that, to con- 
 ceal our dead, we had thrown them into these 
 flames. 
 
 One of the houses that the wounded Avere 
 in, was much shattered by the cannon balls, 
 though only a few struck as low as a man's 
 head. The bombs flew over. Some bursted 
 fifty feet above the ice, some fell on the ice, 
 and some fell over the river. Notwithstand- 
 ing all their exertions, their six cannon 
 (which were all said to be six-pounders) did 
 but little damage. 
 
 In this battle, officers and privates exhi- 
 bited the utmost firmness and bravery. 
 Whilst the men were at their posts firing on 
 the enemy, the officers were passing along 
 the lines supplying them with cartridges. 
 Major Graves, in passing around the line, 
 was wounded in the knee. He sat down in 
 
56 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 a tent, bound up his wound, and cried: 
 "Boys, I am wounded; never mind me, but 
 
 FIGHT ON !" 
 
 The British collected their troops, and 
 marched in front of the village. We marched 
 out and grounded our arms, in heat and bit- 
 terness of spirit. The British and Indians 
 took possession of them. But all the swords, 
 dirks, tomahawks, and knives were given up 
 with promise that thej should be restored 
 again. [This promise was broken.] 
 
 All the prisoners, except those that were 
 badly wounded. Dr. Todd, Dr. Bowers, and a 
 few attendants, were marched towards Mai- 
 den. The British said, as they had a great 
 many of their Avounded to take to Maiden 
 that evening, it would be out of their power 
 to take ours before morning, but they would 
 leave a sufficient guard, so that they should 
 not be interrupted by the Indians. You will 
 presently see with what aggravating circum- 
 stances the breach of this promise was at- 
 tended. 
 
 Brother Allen Darnall having been badly 
 wounded in the right shoulder on the 18th, 
 and I being appointed to attend on the 
 wounded, I continued with them. 
 
 Before the British and prisoners marched, 
 the Indians ransacked the camp, and got all 
 the plunder that was remaining — namely, 
 tents, kettles, buckets, pans, kc. ; then coming 
 
Winchester's campaign. 57 
 
 amongst tlie wounded, greatly insulted tliem, 
 and took some of their plunder. After they 
 went out I bolted the door. They came again 
 and broke it open with their tomahawks. I 
 immediately applied to a British officer, and 
 told him the Indians were interrupting the 
 wounded. He turned round, and called to 
 another officer to send the guard. The In- 
 dians at that time had plundered the com- 
 missary's house (which was near the house 
 in which the wounded were) of everything 
 they wanted, and piled rails against it and 
 set them on fire : I, with the assistance of two 
 British officers, put it out. One of the British 
 officers (Maj. Kundels) inquired where the 
 ammunition was. I told him, if there was 
 any, it was above stairs. "We went up, but 
 could find none. There was a large quan- 
 tity of wheat on the loft ; he said it was a 
 pity it was there, for the Indians would burn 
 the house. I apprehended by that, the town 
 was to be burned, and began to lament our 
 wretched condition. After we went dowij 
 stairs, Rundels asked me how many we had 
 killed and wounded on the 18th. I told him, 
 but he very haughtily disputed it. I had the 
 return in my pocket. He read it, but made 
 no reply. 
 
 Those that remained of us being hungry, 
 I applied to one of the British in the evening 
 for some flour, as there wxre a good many 
 
58 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 barrels in the commissary's house, which I 
 considered to belong to them. He told me to 
 take as much as I wanted. I asked him if 
 there was a guard left ? He said there was no 
 necessity for any, for the Indians were going 
 to their camp, and there were interpreters 
 left who would walk from house to house and 
 see that we should not be interrupted. He 
 kept walking about and looking towards the 
 road. He told me I had better keep in the 
 house, for the Indians would as soon shoot 
 me as not, although he had just told me we 
 should not be interrupted ! I suspected he 
 was looking for Gen. Harrison. Oh ! if we 
 had seen General Harrison coming with his 
 troops, the wounded would have leaped for 
 joy ! but I did not expect him. 
 
 As they did not leave the promised guards 
 I lost all confidence in them, and expected 
 we would be all massacred before morning. 
 I being the only person in this house not 
 wounded, with the assistance of some of the 
 wounded, I prepared something for about 
 thirty to eat. The Indians kept searching 
 about town till after dark. One came in the 
 house who could talk English, and said he 
 commanded a company after the retreating 
 party, and that most of that party were slain. 
 He said the men gave up their guns, plead for 
 quarters, and offered them money if they 
 would not kill them; but his boys, as he 
 
Winchester's campaign. 59 
 
 called them, would tomahawk them without 
 distinction. He said the plan that was fixed 
 on bj the Indians and British, before the 
 battle commenced, was that the British were 
 to attack in front to induce us to charade on 
 them ; 500 Indians were placed on the right 
 hand and 500 on the left, to flank round and 
 take possession of the town ; but he said we 
 were too cunning for them; we would not 
 move out of the pickets. 
 
 We passed this night under the most se- 
 rious apprehensions of being massacred by 
 the tomahawk or consumed in the flames. I 
 frequently went out during the night to see 
 if the house was set on fire. At length the 
 long wished-for morn arrived, and filled each 
 heart with a cheerful hope of being delivered 
 from the cruelty of those merciless savages. 
 We were making every preparation to be 
 ready for the promised sleighs ; but, alas ! 
 instead of the sleighs, about an hour hj sun 
 a great number of savages, painted with va- 
 rious colors, came yelling in the most hideous 
 manner ! These bloodthirsty, terrific savages 
 (sent here by their more cruel and perfidious 
 allies, the British) rushed into the houses 
 where the desponding wounded lay, and in- 
 solently stripped them of their blankets and 
 all their best clothes, and ordered them out 
 of the houses! I ran out of the house to 
 
60 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 inform the interjDreters'^ what tlie Indians 
 were doing. At the door, an Indian took my 
 hat and put it on his own head. I then dis- 
 covered the Indians had been at the other 
 house first, and had used the wounded in like 
 manner. As I turned to go back into the 
 house, an Indian, taking hold of me, made 
 signs for me to stand by the corner of the 
 house. I made signs to him I wanted to go 
 in and get my hat ; for I desired to see what 
 they had done with the wounded. The In- 
 dians sent in a boy Avho brought out a hat 
 and threw it down to me, and I could not 
 get in the house. Three Indians came up to 
 me and pulled ofi' my coat. My feeble pow- 
 ers cannot describe the dismal scenes here 
 exhibited. I saw my fellow soldiers, naked 
 and Avounded, crawling out of the houses to 
 avoid being consumed in the flames. Some 
 that had not been able to turn themselves on 
 their beds for four days, through fear of be- 
 ing burned to death, arose and walked out 
 and about through the yard. Some cried 
 for help, but there were none to help them. 
 "Ah!" exclaimed numbers, in the ano-uish 
 of their spirit, "what shall we do?" A num- 
 ber, unable to get out, miserably perished in 
 
 * I was since informed that Col. Elliott instructed the 
 interpreters to leave the -Rounded, after dark, to the 
 mercy of the savages. They all went off, except one half- 
 Indian. 
 
WINCHESTER'S CAMPAIGN". 61 
 
 the unrelenting flames of the houses, kindled 
 by the more unrelenting savages. Now the 
 scenes of cruelty and murder we had been 
 anticipating with dread, during last night, 
 fully commenced. The savages rushed on 
 the wounded, and, in their barbarous manner, 
 shot, and tomahawked, and scalped them ; and 
 cruelly mangled their naked bodies while 
 they lay agonizing and weltering in their 
 blood. A number were taken towards Mai- 
 den, but being unable to march with speed, 
 were inhumanly massacred. The road was, 
 for miles, strewed with the mangled bodies, 
 and all of them were left like those slain in 
 battle, on the 22d, for birds and beasts to tear 
 in pieces and devour. The Indians plundered 
 the town of everything valuable, and set the 
 best houses on fire. The Indian who claimed 
 me, gave me a coat, and when he had got as 
 much plunder as he could carry, he ordered 
 me, by signs, to march, which I did, with ex- 
 treme reluctance, in company with three of 
 the wounded and six or seven Indians. In 
 travelling about a quarter of a mile, two of 
 the wounded lagged behind about twenty 
 yards. The Indians, turning round, shot one 
 and scalped him. They shot at the other and 
 missed him ; he, running up to them, begged 
 that they would not shoot him. He said he 
 would keep up, and give them money. But 
 these murderers were not moved with his 
 6 
 
62 winchestee's campaig^^ 
 
 doleful cries. Thej shot Mm down; and, 
 rushing on him in a crowd, scalped him. In 
 like manner my brother Allen perished. He 
 marched with difficulty after the wounded, 
 about two or three hundred yards, and was 
 there barbarously murdered. M}^ feelings 
 at the sight and recollection of these inhuman 
 butcheries cannot be described. In addition 
 to these deep sorrows for the mournful fate 
 of my companions, and the cruel death of a 
 dear brother, I expected every moment, for 
 a considerable time, that the same kind of 
 cruelty and death would be my portion. The 
 Indians that guarded me and one of the 
 wounded, observing onr consternation, one 
 that could talk English said, " We will not 
 shoot you." This a little revived our hopes, 
 that were almost gone ; - and he, having cut 
 
 * Upon taking a view of these scenes of wo, who can 
 avoid some such exclamation as the following ? Why has 
 the all-seeing, beneficent Ruler of the universe delivered 
 so many of our choice officers and brave soldiers into the 
 hands of our enemies, to be slain in battle, and to lie un- 
 buried, to be dragged away in the galling chains of cap- 
 tivity, and to be put to torturing deaths by monsters of 
 cruelty? Not, I presume, because of infidelity and in- 
 justice towards our enemies; but owing to our ingratitude 
 towards the God of armies ; and to our want of confidence 
 in Jehovah — our pride, our too great confidence in our 
 own wisdom, valor, and strength ; our unbelief — and a 
 catalogue of vices too tedious to enumerate. Aggravated 
 national crimes have involved us in heavy and complicated 
 judgments I 
 
Winchester's campaign. 63 
 
 a piece, liide and all, of a dead cow, started. 
 It is their common practice to kill a cow or 
 hog, and take a piece, and leave the rest. In 
 travelling two miles, we came to a honse 
 where there were two British officers; the 
 Indian made a halt, and I asked one of the 
 officers what the Indian was going to do with 
 me ; he said he was going to take me to Am- 
 herstburg (or Maiden). I judged these vil- 
 lains had instructed the Indians to do what 
 they had done. A few miles farther, we came 
 to the Indian encampment, where there were a 
 great many hallooing and yelling in a hideous 
 manner. I thought this my place of destiny. 
 The Indian took off my pack, broiled a piece 
 of meat and gave me part ; this I ate merely 
 in obedience to him. Then we started and 
 arrived at Amherstburg, eighteen miles from 
 Frenchtown. The other prisoners had just 
 arrived. The British were firing their salute. 
 The Indian took me into a house not far from 
 the fort ; it was probably their council house ; 
 it would have held 500. It was inhabited by 
 a large number of squaws, children, and dogs. 
 They welcomed me by giving me some bread, 
 meat and hominy to eat. After this an In- 
 dian asked me if I had a squaw ; I told him 
 not ; he immediately turned round and talked 
 to the squaws in Indian, while I sat in a pen- 
 sive mood observing their motions. I dis- 
 covered the squaws were pleased, by their 
 
64 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 tittering and grinning ; one, I observed, liad 
 a great desire to express lier joy by showing 
 her teeth; but the length of time she had 
 lived in this world had put it out of her pow- 
 er. I suspected, from their manoeuvres, I 
 would have to undergo a disagreeable adop- 
 tion (as other prisoners had done) — and, 
 what was a task still more unpleasant, to be 
 united in the conjugal band to one of these 
 swarthy, disgustful animals. The Indian 
 asked me a few questions — where we had 
 come from — how far it was — when we started 
 — and if there were any more coming. In 
 reply to these questions, I gave him but little 
 satisfaction. After this they spread blankets 
 down, and made signs for me to go to bed. I 
 did, and soon fell asleep, as I was much fa- 
 tigued and had not slept much for four nights 
 past. Early next morning, the Indian col- 
 lected his family and all his property, and 
 started : I knew not where he was going ; he 
 gave me a knapsack and gun to carry. Kow 
 I despaired of getting with the other prison- 
 ers, unless I could desert from the Indians! 
 I expected I would be taken to an Indian 
 town, there to undergo a disagreeable adop- 
 tion, or to be burned to death with firebrands. 
 As he took me near Fort Maiden, I took as 
 good a view of it as I could while I passed it. 
 It stands about thirty yards from the river 
 bank. I judged it to be seventy or eighty 
 
Winchester's campaigx. 65 
 
 yards square ; tlie wall appeared to be bnilt 
 of timber and clay. The side, from the river, 
 was not walled, but had double pickets, and 
 entrenched round, about four feet deep ; and 
 in the entrenchment was the second row of 
 pickets. As we went on through the edge 
 of town (Amherstburg) I asked an English- 
 man where the other prisoners were? He 
 said they were in town, in a wood-yard ; the 
 Indian hurried me along and would not let 
 me talk to the Englishman. The Indian had 
 a little horse, packed with his plunder, which 
 I resolved to take, if possible, and ride into 
 town that nio-ht. 
 
 He took me to his place of residence, about 
 three miles from Maiden. I was anxious for 
 the approach of night, so that I might make 
 my escape. While I was consoling myself 
 with the anticipation of seeing my fellow 
 sufferers at Maiden, night made its approach. 
 Some time after dark the Indian spread blank- 
 ets down, and made signs for me to lie do^vn, 
 and put m-y coat, shoes, and socks, under his 
 own head. I A\^anted him to leave my socks 
 on, for my feet would get cold ; he made- signs 
 to warm them by the fire. Thus I was sadly 
 disappointed. 
 
 Next day he examined all his plunder. He 
 had a very good suit of clothes, besides seve- 
 ral other coats, socks, shoes, &c. ; among 
 these were Wesley's Sermons and a great 
 
 6^ 
 
Q6 wi:n'chestee's campaign. 
 
 many papers, wliicli lie gave me to read. I 
 found several old letters, but nothing of value. 
 He discovered I wanted to shave, and got Ms 
 razor, shaving-box, and a piece of glass, and 
 made signs for me to shave. After this, I 
 lay down on some blankets and fell asleep. 
 He came and awoke me, and gave me a twist 
 of tobacco, which I received as a token of 
 friendship. In a short time after, he started 
 to Maiden, and made signs for me to stay 
 there till he would come back. He returned 
 in the evening with a blanket, tied full of 
 loaves of bread, just out of the oven, besides 
 some meat. The Indians always gave me a 
 plenty to eat ; and served me before any of 
 the family, with more politeness than I ex- 
 pected to find amongst them. He had drawn 
 some money. I asked him to let me look at 
 it. I found it to be pieces of cards with the 
 number of livres written on them. 
 
 The third night at length arrived ; and he 
 made my bed as usual ; and took my coat 
 and shoes, but accidentally left my socks on. 
 I lay down with the determination to leave 
 hini before morning. I slept very well for 
 awhile. When I awoke, the house was dark. 
 I thought this as good an opportunity of de- 
 serting as I could get, but with considerable 
 timidity I made the attempt. I crawled to 
 the door very easily, and raised the blanket 
 that hung up at the door; just as I was going 
 
Winchester's campaign. 67 
 
 out lie couglied, and I stopped until I tliought 
 lie was asleep, and then started, without shoes 
 or coat, to Amherstburg. When I got there, 
 I examined several yards and gardens to see 
 if there was any fire. After going through 
 many streets, 1 turned my course towards 
 the river, and accidentally came to the house 
 where the prisoners were. The sentinel, who 
 was standing at the door, let me in without 
 much ceremony. Providence smiled on this 
 attempt to extricate myself from the Indians. 
 Thus, through mercy, I escaped from the 
 savages, and was delivered from the doleful 
 apprehensions of being sacrificed in some 
 barbarous and cruel manner, to gratify their 
 bloodthirsty souls. I got in between two of 
 my comrades who were lying next to the 
 door. My feet were almost frozen before 
 morning. 
 
 During my captivity with the Indians, the 
 other prisoners were treated very inhumanly. 
 The first night, they were put in a wood-yard ; 
 the rain commenced early in the night, and 
 put out all their fires. In this manner they 
 passed a tedious night, wet, and benumbed 
 with cold. From this place they were taken 
 to a cold warehouse, still deprived of fire, 
 with their clothes and blankets frozen, and 
 nothing to eat but a little bread. In this 
 wretched condition they continued two days 
 and three nights ! 
 
68 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 2Qtli. The Indians came early in tlie morn- 
 ing to search for me, but they were not ad- 
 mitted into the house. The guard said it 
 wonld be well for me to keep as mnch con- 
 cealed as possible, for if the Indian I had left 
 could get me he would kill me. He came to 
 the door, and made motions to show how he 
 would scalp me. I disguised myself by chang- 
 ing my clothes and tying up my head, so that 
 he did not know me. 
 
 The prisoners being destined to Fort George, 
 were divided in two didsions, the first to keep 
 a day's march before the second, in order, 
 probably, to be better supplied with provisions 
 on the way. 
 
 I being attached to the first division, the 
 Indians examined the lines yqtj closely for 
 me, but not possessing discernment sufficient 
 to know me, I fortunately escaped. 
 
 Maiden, or Amherstburg, is situated on the 
 east side of Detroit Eiver, near its junction 
 with Lake Erie, and contains about one hun- 
 dred houses, mostly frame ; in lat. 42° 22' 
 N., long. 8° 3' W. from Philadelphia. 
 
 We set out from this town, and marched 
 seventeen miles to Sandmch, a small town 
 on the east side of Detroit Eiver, and one 
 mile below Detroit ; it contains perhaps about 
 three hundred inhabitants. We were divided 
 in small companies, and put into different 
 
Winchester's campaign. 69 
 
 houses, wliere we liad tlie happiness once more 
 to see fire. 
 
 21tJi, We drew a ration of bread and fresh 
 beef, but no salt, and had no way of cooking 
 the beef. We commenced our march at 1 
 o'clock, and marched ten miles, part of the 
 way on Lake St. Clair. In the evening we 
 were conducted to cold barns, and there shut 
 up till morning, deprived of fire. 
 
 2Sth. We recommenced our march early, 
 as cold a morning as ever I experienced, and 
 continued twenty- four miles on Lake St. 
 Clair ; at night we were conducted to a cold 
 barn on the beach ; we lay without fire, ex- 
 cept a few who could not get in, who had the 
 happiness of encamping in the woods. 
 
 2^tk. We again resumed our march, and 
 continued on the lake fifteen miles to the 
 mouth of La Tranche Kiver, called by some 
 the Eiver Thames ; during this time we had 
 to run to keep ourselves from freezing ; we 
 continued up the river five miles, and stopped 
 while the guard Avent in to warm and to get 
 their dinner. Having drawn no provisions 
 since we left Sandwich, some of the prisoners 
 were driven to the necessity of picking up 
 frozen potatoes and apple peelings that had 
 been thrown out in the yard. One of the 
 prisoners, being unable to keep pace with the 
 rest, was left on the lake, but was accidentally 
 overtaken by a sleigh and brought on. After 
 
70 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 being in a stove room some time, he was led 
 out to marcli, trembling Avitli cold. One of the 
 guard observed, " he was a man of no spirit 
 to freeze such a day as this." So barbarous 
 were their dispositions and treatment, that I 
 concluded we should die of cold and hunger. 
 "We marched ten miles farther to Captain Dol- 
 son's, where we were conducted into a large 
 still-house. A number lodged below among 
 the still-tubs by the fire ; the rest on the loft, 
 where they were annoyed with the smoke. 
 Some time in the night they brought us a 
 little bread and meat. 
 
 SOth. We drew two days' provisions, and 
 cooked it. 
 
 Slst. It snowed all day ; notwithstanding, 
 we marched twenty -four miles and Avere shut 
 up in a barn wet and cold. Going to a barn 
 to lodge so cold an evening was like ap- 
 proaching a formidable enemy, for we ex- 
 pected to perish with cold in the dreary dwell- 
 ing. Many got their feet frostbitten. We tried 
 in vain to keep our shoes from freezing by 
 putting them under our heads. 
 
 February 1. We continued our march twen- 
 ty-two miles in a thinly settled country, and 
 passed through the Moravian nation of In- 
 dians; in the evening we encamped in the 
 woods. 
 
 2d. We marched twenty-two miles, suffer- 
 ing greatly both with hunger and cold. In 
 
Winchester's campaign. 71 
 
 the evening we arrived at Delaware township, 
 a small settlement on the River La Tranche. 
 We were divided into small companies, and 
 were permitted to lodge in houses by fires. 
 
 Sd. We had been two days without provi- 
 sions. Here we drew rations for three davs. 
 Capt. Dolson left us to-day; the prisoners 
 must forever detest his baseness and cruelty. 
 We resumed our march in the evening and 
 continued five miles, notwithstanding the 
 snow was two feet deep, and it was then snow- 
 ing. We were better treated by our new guard. 
 
 4:th. We marched twenty-six miles to the 
 head waters of the River Thames, to Oxford 
 township, a settlement of ten or twelve miles 
 in length. 
 
 6th. We marched two miles, and were de- 
 tained for a supply of provisions.^-' After being 
 
 ■^ Here we met a number of the 41st regiment of British, 
 regulars, just from Fort George, going to Maiden to sup- 
 ply the places of those who were killed on the 22d of 
 January, at Frenchtown. They appeared to be very 
 sociable, generally of the Irish descent. One of their 
 officers said, "In a few weeks the}^ would drive General 
 Harrison and all his army along there." " Yes," replied 
 James Allen* (who was one of my messmates), "before 
 that time your Irish hides will be riddled so that they 
 would not hold hickory nuts." 
 
 Another of that party said, "What nonsensical things 
 
 * This Allen is the same who fought the duel with Fuller, near Fort 
 Massac, who was supposed to be a British spy, before the commence- 
 ment of the war. Fuller, after having been twice Icnocked down by 
 Allen's balls, was found to have a Dutch blanket folded, and a quire 
 of paper over his cowaedly breast as a shield. Allen was not injured. 
 
72 WINCHESTEPv'S CAMPAIGN. 
 
 supplied we continued our marcli in tlie 
 evening tliree miles fartlier, and where we 
 lodged were treated very civilly by the in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Qth. After marching twenty-four miles, 
 principally through a wilderness, we arrived 
 at Burford township.'^ 
 
 those leather stocks were -which we -vrore, •with the sign 
 of the eagle pecking out the eyes of the lion." Said Allen, 
 '• This is only the shadow, the substance will soon follow." 
 * Six of us, who formed a mess, stopped at a Major 
 Boon's, and asked him "if we might stay all night." He 
 said we could. His father, who lived with him, let us 
 know he had been a Tory major in the Amcricnn revolu- 
 tiou. He said "he had lived in the Jerseys, and had one 
 of Lord Howe's commissions in the house then, and was 
 a half-pay officer." He said "the Americans would have 
 no possible chance to take Canada, for the British next 
 spring would bring seventy thousand Indians from the 
 north-v.'est, and as many negroes from St. Domingo, be- 
 sides three hundred thousand Turks !" Said James Allen, 
 " I suppose you will set dogs on us next I" The old fel- 
 low said "it was very evident the Lord was on their 
 side!" Then said Allen, "If the Lord has joined with 
 the British, savages, and negroes, to massacre his own 
 people, it is surprising I But I rather think it is only 
 your Canadian lord that acts in this manner." The old 
 fellow then ordered him out of the house. He told him 
 "he was very well suited in a room, and would stay till 
 morning." They still continued arguing. The old fellow 
 said "We had no business on their soil," alluding to 
 Frenchtown. Allen told him "v>-e were on our own 
 soil." He said "it was a lie, for Michigan Territory was 
 given up to them by General Hull." Said Allen, "Hull 
 
 Wiis such a fellow as the d 1, who offered Christ all 
 
 the kingdoms of the world if he would fall down and 
 worship him ; when, poor old sneaking Avheli^, he did not 
 
Winchester's campaign". 73 
 
 1th. In marcliing thirty miles to a little 
 village near the head of Lake Ontario, we 
 
 own a foot on earth." Said Boon, " You had better stayed 
 away, for all you have done ; the Major who commanded 
 the Indians on the 18th was here a few nights ago, and 
 said there was not one killed, and but three wounded." 
 Said Allen, " I would not believe my father if he were to 
 tell me so, for I saw a number that were killed and scalped 
 and lay on the snow for days ; and if there were but three 
 wounded, there must have been an abundance of blood 
 in them to have stained the snow for miles square." Said 
 he, "Did you scalp them? you are bloody dogs." "Yes," 
 said Allen, "you might say so, if we had hired the sa- 
 vages to kill your women and children, and massacre and 
 burn your wounded, when we had promised to take care 
 of them." He said " the British had never hired the In- 
 dians to kill women and children ; they were too humane 
 a people to do so." "Yes," said Allen, "they showed 
 humanity in the time of the American Revolution, when 
 they paid the Indians for infants' scalps that were taken 
 out of their mothers' wombs ; they call themselves Christ- 
 ians, and when the Indians sent home to them scalps, 
 from the unborn infant to the gray hairs, in bales like 
 goods, they had days of feasting, rejoicing, and thanks- 
 giving to the Lord, for the victory they had gained — the 
 
 d 1 would be ashamed to acknowledge such a people 
 
 as any part of his offspring." The old fellow again or- 
 dered him out of the house; but Allen told him "he 
 would go in the morning." Allen said "we had more 
 friends in Canada than they had." "Yes," said he, 
 "there are men mean enough to join against their own 
 country." Allen replied, "none but a mean, low-lived 
 wretch would fight against his own country." The old 
 fellow took the hint, as he had been a tory, and got in a 
 violent passion. He asked Allen " if he was not a Con- 
 gi*essman?" Allen said "No." " Are you an Assembly- 
 man?" " No." " Are you a Yankee lawyer ?" " No." 
 "Well, you are a Yankee liar, then." Allen said, "if 
 
 7 
 
74 Winchester's campaign. 
 
 jDassed through the Mohawk Kation of In- 
 dians on Grand Kiver, who are much whiter 
 than any we have seen ; their mode of dress 
 is not different from other Indian nations, 
 and they have the same savage appearance ; 
 we were informed that there are six nations 
 on this river who hold a large body of the 
 best land. 
 
 Sth. We drew our rations and proceeded 
 on sixteen miles. In going do^vn towards 
 Lake Ontario, we descended a precipice up- 
 vv'ards of two hundred feet into a level coun- 
 try; this precipice extends across Niagara 
 Eiver, and occasions those remarkable falls. 
 
 9^;/^. We marched eio-hteen miles throuo^h 
 a well-settled country. 
 
 ■we. were of an age, and on an equal footing, you would 
 not give rae the lie so often." The old fellow told Allen 
 "he must be an antediluvian, for he appeared to know 
 all things that had passed, and all the crimes that Eng- 
 land ever committed seemed to be fresh on his mind ; he 
 supposed he was one of the greatest enemies the British 
 had." Allen said " he had done his best; and if he was 
 exchanged he would shoot at them as long as he could 
 crook his finger to draw the trigger." A young woman 
 who was in the house said "we were only coming to 
 drive them off their lands." Allen said "we were only 
 coming to set them free, so that those lands might be 
 their own, and not King George's." She said "the Ame- 
 ricans that were killed at Queenstown had deeds in their 
 pockets for all their best plantations." Said Allen "I 
 must believe it because you say so, but if I had seen it 
 myself I would not." 
 
 The old fellow's passion subsided, and Allen and he 
 were friendly. 
 
Winchester's campaign. 75 
 
 10th. We marclied sixteen miles to New- 
 ark, lately called Niagara West ; it contains 
 about five linndred inhabitants ; many of the 
 buildings are handsome, composed of brick 
 and stone ; it has several churches, an aca- 
 demy, six taverns, and about twenty stores ; 
 it is situated on the west side of Niagara 
 Eiver, in lat. 43° 15' N., long. 4° west; Fort 
 George stands at the upper end of the 
 town. 
 
 We continued here no longer than was 
 necessary to make arrangements to cross the 
 river. A British officer took dowm our names, 
 and the regiment and company we belonged 
 to, and said "we must not take up arms 
 against Great Britain and her allies until 
 legally exchanged." Thus we were parolled ; 
 they hoisted a Bag and took us across Niagara 
 Eiver,* which is about one-quarter of a mile 
 
 * The second division, •who had been used far better 
 than the first, arrived the day following, and were pa- 
 rolled in like manner, amounting in all to five hundred 
 and twelve. 
 
 Particular inquiiies were made respecting the British 
 loss in the battle of the 22d, while passing through Ca- 
 nada. The loyalists stated their loss to be very trifling ; 
 some would say fifteen killed, and others twenty-five. 
 But different persons, in whom we had reason to place 
 confidence, stated their loss to be very considerable — 
 about six hundred killed and wounded, and amongst 
 these Col. St. George. This account will not be consi- 
 dered exaggerated, when reflecting on the length of time 
 they were exposed to a deliberate and well-directed fire 
 
76 winchestee's campaign. 
 
 wide to Fort Niagara, wliich is situated at 
 the junction of Niagara Eiver and Lake On- 
 tario, in New York State ; it is strongly for- 
 tified, and well supplied -with artillery. 
 
 A FEW REMARKS RESPECTING UPPER CANADA 
 AND ITS INHABITANTS. 
 
 From Maiden to Sandwich, and a consider- 
 able distance up St. Clair, resembles a level 
 plain thickly interspersed with farms and 
 houses; many places look like little villages. 
 The houses are principally frame, and have 
 an ancient appearance. Besides being well 
 supplied with grain from their farms, they re- 
 ceive considerable benefit from their orchards. 
 
 The Kiver La Tranche is a considerable 
 navigable stream, and runs a westerly course 
 into Lake St. Clair ; the land near it is rich 
 and fertile; the timber is oak, ash, hickory, 
 walnut, sugar -tree, &c. It is thickly settled 
 as far as Moraviantown ; but, from the river 
 
 from our troops... the number that was seen lying on the 
 ground after they retreated, and the number of sleighs 
 loaded -with their bloody guns. 
 
wi^^chester's campaign. 77 
 
 on the nortli side, is an extensive wilderness 
 of poor swampy land. From Moraviantown 
 to Grand Eiver is a wilderness of poor pinej 
 land, except Delaware, Oxford, and Burford 
 townships, whicli are tolerable settlements. 
 From Grand Eiver to Fort George, is a rich, 
 well-settled country, particularly along Lake 
 Ontario. The inhabitants are composed of 
 English, French, Dutch, and a great many 
 emigrants from the United States. The 
 whole has been estimated at eighty thousand; 
 besides these, there are unknown numbers of 
 Indians. The Canadians are generally a well- 
 looking people, remarkably fair, but not well 
 informed. They do not set a great vakie on 
 education, and it is not encouraged by the 
 government. Although their laws appear to 
 be moderate, yet neither the freedom of speech 
 nor the freedom of the press is encouraged. 
 The officers are haughty and tyrannical in 
 the execution of their orders. I learned that 
 a majority" of the inhabitants were in favor 
 of the United States government, and many 
 
 * An inhabitant near the head of Lake Ontario heard 
 of the prisoners, and went to see them. He began to 
 talk to one, judging him to be an American officer, and 
 telling him he had more friends in Canada than the British 
 had, and if he wanted money, or any assistance, he should 
 be accommodated. The poor fellow soon found his mis- 
 take, that he was talking to a British officer, just from 
 Fort George. 
 
78 win'chestek's campaign". 
 
 had concealed themselves to avoid taking up 
 arms. 
 
 The British forces consist of regulars, 
 flankers, militia, Negroes^ and Indians. Agree- 
 ably to an act of their assembly in 1812, their 
 flankers are riflemen, volunteered or drafted 
 for the term of six months, and lousier if not 
 then relieved. The militia cannot be called 
 into service for more than twenty days, un- 
 less their country is invaded. I heard of two 
 companies of Negroes^ runaways from Ken- 
 tucky, and other States, who are commanded 
 by white men. A great many of the Indians 
 are stationed near the lines, who can be called 
 to arms at a minute's warnino-. 
 
 1 1 th. After regaling ourselves on the plenty 
 of food and drink afforded us in the land of 
 liberty, we set our faces homewards. One 
 mile from Niagara Fort, we came to Salt Bat- 
 tery ; it was composed of barrels of salt and 
 dirt. From this they could play upon Fort 
 George. We proceeded up the river eight 
 miles to Lewistown, which is on the east bank 
 of Niagara Eiver, opposite Queenstown, and 
 contains only a few houses ; eight miles far- 
 ther, we came to Grand Niagara, a small vil- 
 lage on the east bank of Niagara Eiver just 
 above the 'falls, and nearly opposite Chippe- 
 way. Above the falls, in the middle of the 
 river, is an island about three hundred yards 
 
Winchester's campaign. 79 
 
 long, the lower end of wliicli is just at tlie 
 perpendicular edge of tlie fall. On both 
 sides of this island, all the waters of the 
 rivers and lakes to the north-west, fall down 
 a precipice of one hundred and thirty-seven 
 feet perpendicular, and fall near as much more 
 in a" rapid of nine miles below. Before the 
 water comes to the fall, as it passes the island, 
 it seems in swiftness to outfly an arrow. 
 
 lltJi. We arrived at Black Eock, nineteen 
 miles above the falls. Here is a considerable 
 village, a navy yard, and three batteries well 
 furnished ynih. cannon. It took its name- 
 from its rocky situation. From this we con- 
 tinued on two miles and a half to Buffalo, 
 the capital of Buffalo county, New York 
 State. It is situated at the'foot of Lake Erie, 
 opposite to Fort Erie. 
 
 We continued at Buffalo one day, on ac- 
 count of the badness of the weather, and then 
 coiitinued our march thirty -two miles on the 
 lake, and then marched through a well-set- 
 tled cou.ntry to Erie, the county town of Erie 
 county, in Pennsylvania. It is ninety miles 
 from Buffalo, and is situated on the south- 
 east shore of Lake Erie. We proceeded on 
 by the way of Waterford and Meadville, one 
 hundred and twenty miles, to Pittsburgh, and 
 from Pittsburgh to Kentucky, by water. 
 
 Language fails to express the emotions I 
 
80 , Winchester's campaign. 
 
 felt on arriving safely at home, to enjoy the 
 caresses and society of dear friends, after 
 having endured so much fatigue, and having 
 been so often exposed to imminent danger ; 
 and having so frequently expected death, at- 
 tended with all the horrors of Indian cruelty. 
 
NARRATIVE 
 
 OF 
 
 MR. TIMOTHY MALLARY. 
 
 During tlie battle on the 22d January, 
 1813, at Frenclitown, on the River Raisin, 
 between the combined forces of British, 
 Canadians, and Indians, and the American 
 forces, I received a wonnd from a piece of 
 plank, which had been split off by a cannon 
 ball. It struck me on the side, and unfortu- 
 nately broke three of my ribs. The battle 
 having terminated in favor of the combined 
 forces, and I not being able to travel with 
 those American prisoners who were to march 
 immediately for Maiden, I remained on the 
 grou.nd until the next morning, with the rest 
 of my wounded countrymen, who had re- 
 ceived a solemn promise from the British 
 commander, that they should be taken to 
 Maiden in sleighs. 
 
 This sacred promise was not regarded ! It 
 was sacrificed on the altar of savage bar- 
 barity ! to the god of mu.rder and cruelty ! 
 
82 mallary's narrative. 
 
 Instead of sleighs, Indians were sent prepared 
 to murder these unfortunate victims! who, 
 after they had executed in part their purpose 
 on the ground where we lay, ordered several 
 other prisoners and myself to march for Mai- 
 den. We had not proceeded far before they 
 tomahawked four of this number, amongst 
 whom was Captain Hart, of Lexington. He 
 had hired an Indian to take him to Maiden. 
 I saw part of this hire paid to the Indian. 
 
 After having taken him some distance, an- 
 other Indian demanded him, saying that he 
 was his prisoner ; the hireling would not give 
 him up; the claimant, finding that he could 
 not get him alive, shot him in the left side 
 with a pistol. Capt. Hart still remained on 
 his horse ; the claimant then ran up, struck 
 him with a tomahawk, pulled him off his 
 horse, scalped him, and left him lying there. 
 
 We proceeded on until we came wdthin 
 three miles of Bro^vnstown, where we en- 
 camped for the night. The next day we 
 proceeded on to their encampment, seven or 
 eight miles from Detroit, on the Eiver Eouge, 
 which appeared to be head-quarters. They 
 were furnished at this place with bark wig- 
 wams; here was a large number of squaws 
 and children, I suppose two thousand. 
 
 They here stripped off my clothes, and 
 dressed me after the Indian manner. They 
 shaved off my hair, except a small quantity 
 
mallary's xakrative. 83 
 
 on the top of my head, which they left for 
 the purpose of rendering the task of scalping 
 more easy. They bored my ears, which they 
 supplied plentifully with ear-rings, frequently 
 by hanging one in another, like the links of 
 a chain. They wanted to bore my nose, but 
 I objected, and they did not insist. They 
 frequently painted my face one-half black 
 and the other red, and frequently with red 
 and black streaks. 
 
 Shortly after our arrival at these encamp- 
 ments, I was adopted into a Pottowatomie 
 family that had lost a son in the battle at the 
 Eiver Eaisin. 
 
 I was presented to this family by an Indian 
 whose name was Ke-wi-ex-him. He intro- 
 duced me to my father and mother, brothers 
 and sisters, and instructed me to call them 
 by these respective appellations. My father's 
 name was Asa Cliij)savL\ after whom they call 
 me ; they asked me if I had a squaw ; I an- 
 swered in the negative, at which they ap- 
 peared well pleased, and brought me a squaw, 
 urging me to marry her. I refused, and told 
 them when I got well I would accede to the 
 proposals ; this they took as a great offence. 
 After having made themselves acquainted 
 with the situation of my wound, they made 
 a tea of sassafras and cherry-tree barks, which 
 was the only drink I was permitted to take 
 for fifteen days. 
 
84 mallary's narrative. 
 
 They frequently took me to Detroit, for 
 tlie purpose of helping tliem to pack provi- 
 sions from thence to their encampment. But 
 they would not suffer me to talk to the in- 
 habitants of that place. Fifteen loaves of 
 bread, weighing three pounds each, ten 
 pounds of pork or beef, and a peck of corn, 
 was what they drcAV for six days. This would 
 not last more than half that time ; the remain- 
 ing part they lived upon fragments of dog 
 or horse meat. They appeared indifferent 
 whether they had killed the animal that day 
 themselves, or whether it had died by some 
 accidental cause seven or eight days prior to 
 their eating it. 
 
 They appointed me cook. I then had to 
 undergo much fatigue in getting wood, <fec., 
 for they lent no assistance. Their customary 
 wav of cookino' is to boil the meat and make 
 soup, which they immediately devour without 
 salt. 
 
 They have drunken frolics, whenever they 
 can get any kind of spirits to drink. When 
 these frolics take place the squaws hid me, 
 to prevent them from murdering me. Once 
 I was hid in some brush and deprived of food 
 for four days, during which time there was 
 a continual uproar in the camp, as though they 
 had been killing each other. 
 
 The squaws, who frequently visited me, 
 and to whom I as often applied for something 
 
jiallary's narrative. 85 
 
 to eat, informed me tliat there could be no- 
 thing had until the men got sober, who would 
 then either kill provisions, or draw from 
 Detroit. On the fourth day, when I had 
 given up to perish, they brought me a piece 
 of a dog cooked without salt, and although 
 you may feel squeamish when I mention it, 
 yet it was to me the sweetest morsel that I 
 ever recollect to have eaten. 
 
 During my stay with them I saw them 
 take a number of scalps to Maiden, for which 
 they said they received from four to six dol- 
 lars each, either in whiskey or store goods. 
 They said they got thirty-seven scalps at the 
 battle of the 18th, and upwards of four hun- 
 dred at that of the 22d January. I replied, 
 that there were only ten scalped on the 18th. 
 They said "Yankee d — d lie;" and they fur- 
 ther stated, that they had only two killed on 
 the 18th. I replied, Indian d — d lie, for I 
 saw myself twelve dead on the field. I asked 
 them how many British and Indians were at 
 the Eiver Eaisin, on the 22d January ; they 
 replied, that there were two thousand five 
 hundred Indians, and one thousand British. 
 
 They would frequently make motions imi- 
 tating the Americans when they were scalp- 
 ing them, by turning, twisting, mourning, 
 &c. ; this was done to aggravate me. 
 
 They once gave me a jug of whiskey, re- 
 questing me to drink. I drank what satis- 
 8 
 
86 iLiLLARY'S NARRATIVE. 
 
 fied me, and offered them tlie jug again — 
 they insisted on me to drink more ; I put the 
 jug to my head, but did not drink ; they dis- 
 covered the cheat, and cried out "Yankee no 
 good man, d — d lie ;" they then made me 
 drink until they could hear it gurgle in my 
 throat. 
 
 About three weeks before the battle at the 
 Eapids, the squaws and boys were employed 
 in dressing deer-skins, which were to equip 
 the warriors for their march thither. During 
 this time, the warriors were collecting and 
 dancing the war dance. They informed me 
 that they were going to Quo-by-ghaw, which 
 I learned from the French, was the Eapids. 
 I further learned that the British had pro- 
 mised them the possession of Fort Meigs, as 
 well as the disposal of Gen. Harrison. They 
 then calculated on Fort Meigs as their chief 
 place of deposit, from which they could make 
 incursions into the State of Ohio, kill a vast 
 number of the inhabitants, and satisfy them- 
 selves with plunder. They calculated on 
 having a three days' frolic in the burning of 
 Gen. Harrison. 
 
 Two weeks before their march for Fort 
 Meii2fs, Tecumseh was with them. He was 
 busily employed rallying those who were in- 
 difi'erent about going to the battle, and encou- 
 raging those who had volunteered ; amongst 
 other persuasive arguments to volunteer, he 
 
ilALLARY'S NARRATIVE. 87 
 
 made use of these, viz. : tliat Fort Meigs was 
 badly constructed and illy defended ; assert- 
 ing that they could take it without the loss 
 of a man. But, if this could not be effected, 
 he would then lead them on to Fort Wayne, 
 which would certainly fall an easy prey to 
 them. He then left them, and went to the 
 Wabash to bring his warriors, who were 
 stationed at that place. 
 
 Previous to the march of the Indians, they 
 took bark of swamp willow, and tobacco, 
 mixed them together, and pulverized them. 
 They then formed a circle round a fire which 
 had been prepared for that purpose, and one 
 rose and delivered a speech, I understood, 
 relative to the war. At the conclusion of the 
 speech, they passed this powder around the 
 circle, each individual taking a pinch as it 
 passed ; each then snuffed a part of this por- 
 tion, and threw the remaining part in the 
 fire. After this had been performed with 
 the greatest solemnity, one took the snuff 
 which yet remained in the vessel, and threw 
 it in the fire. They then took up their packs, 
 raised the scalp halloo, waved their tomahawks 
 over their heads, and marched for battle. 
 
 There were three thousand who drew four 
 days' rations at Detroit. When they left us, 
 they told us to be good boys, and stay there 
 till they came back, and they would bring 
 some more Yankees, who should cook, and 
 
88 i^iallaky's naeeative. 
 
 do all the hard work, and we might go with 
 them hunting. 
 
 They left us in care of the squaws and a 
 few old men. 
 
 We had no other way by which to get free 
 from this unpleasant situation, but deserting 
 them ; for they had been offered one hundred 
 dollars each, for four of us, by the citizens of 
 Detroit, but refused it. These four were 
 Major Graves, Samuel Ganoe, John Daven- 
 port, and myself. 
 
 Thinking this as favorable an opportunity 
 as we could get, I requested Samuel Ganoe 
 to set off with me; he readily consented, and 
 we set off just at dark, and ran to Detroit, 
 which was eight miles, and got to the house 
 of Mr. H., who concealed us in his cellar. 
 He had a hole dug in the bottom of his cellar 
 six or eight feet deep, for the purpose of keep- 
 ing potatoes ; and in this we were put, and 
 he laid planks over it, and threw dirt on the 
 planks, which caused it to bear so nice a sem- 
 blance to the other part of the cellar, that the 
 Indians could not distinguish it from the 
 common bottom. This dismal dungeon was 
 our abode for half a day, during which time 
 the Indians came, and searched carefully for 
 us, but in vain. After they were gone, Mr. 
 H. asked a British officer if he would take 
 the care of us. He replied in the affirmative, 
 and then sent us immediately to the fort at 
 
mallaky's naekative. 89 
 
 Detroit, where we were kept two days, tlie 
 Indians still searcliing for us. On tlie second 
 niglit about midnight, we were sent to Sand- 
 wich, and kept there two days with but little 
 to eat, and then sent to Maiden. We found 
 the force at Maiden to consist of sixty Cana- 
 dian French, besides eighty who had received 
 wounds at the Kiver Kaisin, and who would 
 no doubt remain invalids for life. We also 
 found stationed at Maiden, James Girty, who, 
 I was informed, was brother to the infamous 
 Simon Girty; his business was to receive 
 scalps from the Indians ; his pay for this ser- 
 vice was three dollars per week. I saw here 
 about half a bushel of scalps in a kettle ! the 
 number I cannot guess at. 
 
 After every e?:ertion to take Fort Meigs 
 had failed, the British returned to Maiden, 
 cursing Harrison for a rabbit, which they 
 swore had burrowed, and which they could 
 not take in that situation. 
 
 From Maiden we were taken across to 
 Cleveland, on the 16th day of May, 1813. 
 
 The following prisoners were with the In- 
 dians at the time I was a prisoner, viz. : Ma- 
 jor Graves, Jarret Dougherty, Thomas Jones, 
 Joseph Foddre, and John Fightmaster ; the 
 latter of whom had deserted from us, was 
 brought back, and made to ride the wooden 
 horse. He then deserted to the Indians, 
 
 8* 
 
90 mallary's narrative. 
 
 swearing — lie had rather stay with them than 
 ride Winchester's English mare again. 
 
 I heard of three other prisoners, but do not 
 remember their names; two of whom were 
 about twenty miles from Detroit, and the 
 other near Maiden. 
 
 From Cleveland nothing worth relating 
 occnrred until I arrived at home, in Bourbon 
 county, Kentucky ; where I found my friends 
 all in good health, my father excepted, who 
 had gone to face the same enemy from whom 
 I had just made my escape. 
 
NARRATIVE 
 
 OF 
 
 MR. JOHN DAVENPORT 
 
 During the battle wliicli was fought od the 
 18th of January, 1813, between the American 
 forces, under the command of Colonel Lewis, 
 and the combined British and Indians, I re- 
 ceived a wound in my right leg by a ball 
 which fractured the bone, but did not en- 
 tirely break it. After the battle was over I, 
 with many others who were also wounded, 
 was carried off the field and put in a house, 
 where we remained until after the battle of 
 the 2 2d, when we were surrendered prisoners 
 of war to the British. I remained here during 
 the night of the 2 2d, with the expectation of 
 being carried to Maiden the next day, but in 
 this I was disappointed. On the morning of 
 the 23d I witnessed the most horrid scenes 
 of cruelty imaginable ; for the British, instead 
 of sending sleighs, as was most solemnly pro- 
 mised, to convey the wounded prisoners to 
 Maiden, sent the Indians, who, after selecting 
 
92 davenpoet's narrative. 
 
 a few from amongst tlie wounded, toma- 
 hawked and scalped the rest in the most 
 savage and cruel manner that malice could 
 invent, or devils incarnate execute, and set 
 fire to the houses in which they had been 
 and burned them to ashes ! Then, instead of 
 going to Maiden, they took me to Browns- 
 town, where I had nothing to eat except a 
 little parched corn. While I was at Browns- 
 town an Indian asked me whether I had a 
 squaw, to which I answered in the negative. 
 He then replied, " We make an Indian of you^ 
 and hy'n hy you have a squaio^ hy''n hy you 
 have a gun and horse and go a l\untingr The 
 next day we proceeded on our march until 
 we came near the Eiver Eouge, where the 
 Indians procured some provisions, consisting 
 of fresh meat, but no salt. From here we 
 set off again and travelled slowly (I rather 
 think to favor the wounded) until we arrived 
 at their encampment, three or four miles 
 from Detroit, at which place there were a 
 number of squaws and children who had 
 taken up winter quarters. 
 
 As soon as we had arrived at this place I 
 was presented to an old squaw, whom the 
 Indians instructed me to call by the appella- 
 tion of mother. This old witch, as I took 
 her to be, had lost two sons at the Eiver 
 Eaisin ; I had therefore to supply the place 
 of one of them, and thus had to become the 
 
DAVENPORT'S NARRATIVE. 93 
 
 adopted son of the most hideous of all ani- 
 mals that ever roamed over the forests of 
 Worth America. After this they dressed my 
 wound for the first time, which now appeared 
 to be getting well fast ; in the next place they 
 trimmed my hair off, except a small quantity 
 on the top of my head, and painted me ; then 
 adorned me with ear-rings, bracelets, &c. and 
 put a band' of silver round my head. By 
 this time I began to look yerj stylish, or 
 rather made as uncouth and grotesque a 
 figure as any of my copper-colored brethren. 
 
 While we remained at this place Mr. Ga- 
 briel Godfrey, a citizen of Detroit, offered the 
 Indians $100 for my ransom, which they re- 
 fused. I now began to conclude that there 
 were no other means of extricating myself 
 from bondage, unless it were by flight, and 
 therefore determined to embrace the first 
 opportunity that presented. In a few days 
 after, the Indians presented a squaw to me, 
 who appeared to have little more of humanity 
 than the form, but equally as detestable as 
 my mother^ although she was younger. This 
 ugly looking creature the Indians told me I 
 should marry! I confess I never was so 
 shocked at the thoughts of matrimony in my 
 life ! I told them " no good squawk They 
 then brought several more of those inhuman 
 looking creatures, whom I understood were 
 also candidates for conjugal felicity. I told 
 
94 Davenport's narrative. 
 
 tTiem '■''hi/n hy I have a squawk This ap- 
 peared to satisfy them, at the present time ; 
 in this manner I frequently had to put them 
 off. 
 
 They frequently solicited me to wear a 
 breech-clout, which I always refused. One 
 time my mother discovered me mending my 
 pantaloons ; thinking this a good opportunity 
 to get me to wear one, she immediately 
 brought one, which I took hold of and said 
 " no good," then threw it down and stamped 
 it. At the sight of this she was very much 
 enraged, and scolded desperately to herself 
 in her own Indian dialect. I have often won- 
 dered since that they did not kill me for dis- 
 obeying their orders, for I was extremely 
 obstinate, and scarcely ever complied with 
 their injunctions. 
 
 Notwithstanding my disobedience, the In- 
 dians treated me as well as was in their 
 power, especially my mother, who was very 
 kind to me. Some considerable time I had 
 to eat my victuals without salt. I knew they 
 had none, yet I would always ask for some. 
 My old mother, after some time, procured 
 some for me, which she kept hid to prevent 
 the others from making use of it, and never 
 failed to give me a small portion when I was 
 eating. 
 
 Intoxication is practised by the squaws as 
 well as the men; they frequently have drunk- 
 
davenpokt's narrative. 95 
 
 en frolics, at wliicli times it is dangerous for 
 prisoners to be amongst tliem. During these 
 frantic revels tlie prisoners are kept hid by 
 the squaws (a part of whom keep sober) to 
 keep them from being murdered. One night, 
 after the rest had gone to bed, my mother, 
 who had stayed out later than usual, came in, 
 sat down, and began to sing; she did not 
 appear to be in her senses ; I soon discovered 
 that this old priestess of Bacchus had got 
 very drunk. In this mood she seized hold 
 of the fire and threw it on those who were 
 sleeping round the fire, which soon caused 
 them to rise ; she then jumped into the fire 
 and danced until she had burned the soles of 
 her moccasons off. 
 
 They continued here about a month, and 
 then removed about eight miles on the River 
 Eouge, in order to prepare for making sugar. 
 While we were employed- at this busines a 
 Frenchman persuaded me to marry a squaw, 
 if they insisted, for I would then be treated 
 with more respect, and consequently would 
 have greater liberties. After mature con- 
 sideration, I thought probably this would be 
 the best plan I could adopt, in order to make 
 my escape, and therefore resolved to marry 
 the next one that was presented to me. It 
 was not long before they brought me a squaw 
 (the most decent looking one I had seen), 
 whom I resolved to marrv without hesita- 
 
96 Davenport's naerative. 
 
 tion. I however, when just on the point of 
 forming a connubial alliance with her, was 
 prevented by an Indian, who claimed her as 
 his squaw. 
 
 Several weeks before the battle of Fort 
 Meigs, the Indians began to collect and dance 
 the war-dance. 
 
 Just before the Indians marched they pre- 
 pared a number of hoops, both ends of which 
 they stuck in the ground and spread their 
 blankets over them. In this place they put 
 hot stones, threw water on them, and then 
 went in themselves and remained until they 
 were wet with sweat. This I conjectured 
 was done in the way of devotion, or in im- 
 ploring the assistance of the Great Spirit in 
 their intended expedition. 
 
 When the Indians marched I was com- 
 mitted to the care of the squaws and a few 
 old invalids. Thinking this the most favor- 
 able opportunity I could get, I was deter- 
 mined to put my plan in execution. At night 
 I lay down with the intention of starting 
 when the moon arose, but overslept my time 
 and did not awake till daylight. I arose and 
 started, notwithstanding I was apprehensive 
 of being discovered, and ran directly to De- 
 troit, a distance of about nine miles, probably 
 in as short a time as any Indian in the nation 
 could have performed the same journey. 
 
Davenport's narrative. 97 
 
 As soon as I had arrived at Detroit I went 
 to Mr. T. S's, wlio had persuaded me to run 
 away, and he and his friends wonld conceal 
 me, which they did accordingly. It was but 
 a short time before a Frenchman, of the name 
 of Shover, and some squaws, came in search 
 of me, but could not find me. 
 
 From here I was sent to Sandwich, and 
 concealed there two days, and suffered ex- 
 tremely for provisions. From Sandwich I 
 was sent to Maiden, where I found six of my 
 fellow-prisoners, who, together with myself, 
 were kept under close confinement in the 
 fort for three weeks. While we remained 
 here we frequently heard from the Eapids, 
 but the news was always favorable on the 
 British side. One morning an old man, who 
 looked as if he had just emerged from the 
 lower regions, came into the fort and ex- 
 claimed, " good news, gentlemen ! good news ! 
 we have killed fifteen hundred Yankees^ and 
 have taken Harrison and all the rest that 
 were at the fort prisoners ! !" I was informed 
 afterwards that this old man was the noto- 
 rious Simon Girty, so much renowned for 
 cruelty and slaughter, and who has delighted 
 in the shrieks of dying women and expiring 
 infants ! 
 
 From the most correct information I could 
 obtain, their forces at the siege of Fort Meigs, 
 9 
 
98 davenpoet's narrative. 
 
 consisting of Britisli regulars, Canadian mi- 
 litia, and Indians, amounted to 5,000 ! 
 
 From Maiden I was taken across to Cleve- 
 land, and from there I pursued my journey 
 towards tlie delightful regions of Kentucky, 
 where I arrived in Montgomery county, in 
 June, 1813.- 
 
THE BATTLE OF RAISIN, 
 
 ON THE 22d of JANUARY, 1813. 
 
 On Raisin darkness reigned around, 
 And silent was the tented ground, 
 Where weary soldiers slept profound, 
 Far in the wintery wilderness. 
 
 No danger did the sentry fear. 
 
 No wakeful watch at midnight drear ; 
 
 But ah ! the foe approaches near, 
 
 Through forests frowning awfully. 
 
 And ere the sun had risen bright. 
 Fast flashing 'mid the stormy fight, 
 The thundering cannon's livid light 
 
 Glared on the eye most frightfully. 
 
 Then deadly flew the balls of lead ! 
 Then many of the foemen bled. 
 And thrice their banded legion fled, 
 Before Kentucky's bravery. 
 
 And long our heroes' swords prevail : 
 But hist ! that deep and doleful wail — 
 Ah ! freedom's sons begin to fail. 
 
 Oppressed by numbers battling. 
 
 Else ! rise ! ye volunteers, arise ! 
 Behold ! your right hand column flies ! 
 And hark ! yon shout which rends the skies ! 
 Where Indians yell tumultuously. 
 
 Rush o'er the bloody field of fame, 
 Drive back the savage whence he came ! 
 For glory 'waits the victor's name, 
 Returning home exultingly. 
 
 'Tis done. The dreadful fight is o'er ; 
 Thick clouds of smoke are seen no more — 
 The snowy plain is red with gore, 
 
 Where fell the friends of liberty. 
 
 Campbell. 
 
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