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EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN: 
 
 PRESENTING 
 
 AN ACCURATE AND CLEAR EXPOSITION OF THE 
 LEADING POINTS 
 
 GERMAN GRAMMAR. 
 
 FOR THE USE OF BEGINNERS, 
 
 BY MORITZ ERTHEILER, 
 
 AUTHOR OF "A PHRASE-BOOK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN. 
 
 NEW- YORK: 
 ROE LOCKWOOD & SON, 
 
 SCHOOL BOOK DEPOSITORY, 
 411 BROADWAY. 
 
 /3 ■ 18 4 7. 
 
 
* V 
 
 ^>^3> 
 
 V<fl 
 
 X- 
 
 *0 O t; ' 
 
 j- 
 
 Br toMtirifer fr»m 
 Pat. 6fli«i Lib. 
 
 Apr* 1014. 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in uie year 1846, by 
 
 ROE LOCKWOOD & SON, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Southern District ,of New-York, 
 
 H. LUDWIG, PRINTER, 70 & 72 VESEY-STREET. 
 
 
 •?% 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The natural mode of acquiring any foreign language 
 is that of imitation. To understand what we read or 
 hear spoken, is the first step we take, and the subsequent 
 steps are to familiarize ourselves with, the same subject, 
 so as to be able to use it in speaking or writing, and to 
 derive general rules from analogous cases. 
 
 This is the leading principle upon which the plan of 
 this work is based. It is intended to present an accurate 
 and clear exposition of the leading points of German 
 grammar, which are illustrated by simple and practical 
 phrases. 
 
 The German sentences are analyzed by a literal trans- 
 lation, which combines the advantages of impressing words 
 upon the mind of the student through repetition, and of 
 performing almost all the labour of parsing. 
 
 For the convenience of both the learner and teacher, 
 the German exercises are repeated in an English version, 
 
VI. PREFACE. 
 
 which may serve as a guide for repetition and questioning. 
 Thus the lesson may be learned with the aid of the inter- 
 linear translation, and be recited by the re-translation of 
 the English exercise. 
 
 It E. 
 
 New-York, Oct. 20, 1S4G. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 The Alphabet 
 
 The Sounds of the Letters . 
 
 Genders of Nouns .... 
 
 Declension of the Definite Article 
 Declension of the Indefinite Article 
 Declension of Nouns, Singular . 
 Formation of the Nominative Plural . 
 Declension of Nouns in the Plural 
 Proper Names ..... 
 
 Pronouns ...... 
 
 Adjectives ...... 
 
 The Adjective referring to a Noun 
 
 The Adjective preceding a Noun, and being preceded by the 
 
 Definite Article .... 
 The Adjective preceding a Noun, and being preceded by the 
 
 Indefinite Article .... 
 The Adjective not being preceded by any Article, in the Sin 
 
 gulaT ........ 
 
 The Adjective preceded by biefer, jencr, vodfyix, &c 
 The Adjective preceded by a Possessive Pronoun 
 Comparison ..... 
 
 Numerals ...... 
 
 (sein, as a principal Verb . 
 £>aben, as a principal Verb . 
 Infinitive of Regular and Irregular Verbs 
 
Fill. CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Present Tense, Indicative Mood ...... 149 
 
 Imperfect Tense, Indicative Mood ..... 153 
 
 Perfect Tense, Indicative Mood 155 
 
 First Future Tense, Indicative Mood 157 
 
 Imperative .......... 158 
 
 Irregular Verbs y>9 
 
 Verbs forming the Past Participle without the Prefix ge . 172 
 
 Separable Compound Verbs ...... 173 
 
 Passive Form . . . . ■* 179 
 
 Present Tense, Subjunctive Mood, in Regular and Irregular 
 
 Verbs . . ' . 180 
 
 Imperfect Subjunctive and Conditionals in Regular and Irre- 
 gular Verbs . . 181 
 
 Adverbs 183 
 
 Prepositions . . . ... 184 
 
 Conjunctions . . . . . . . . .191 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 THE ALPHABET. 
 SIMPLE LETTERS. 
 
 Letters. Names. English. 
 
 %,a f ah, A, a. 
 
 %K A, a. 
 
 8, b, bay, B, b. 
 
 <§> C, tsay, C, c. 
 
 2), b, ...... day, D,d. 
 
 @, e, ay, E, e. 
 
 &f, • ef > F ,f. 
 
 ®/g/ g ha y> G > g. 
 
 #, 1), hah, H, h. 
 
 3, V e, I, i. 
 
 %h y ot > J J- 
 
 M, t, kah, K, k. 
 
 8,1, el > L >'- 
 
 9K, m, em, ...... M, m. 
 
 %n, en, N, n. 
 
 £), o, .o, 0, o. 
 
 D, 6, O, 6. 
 
 ^,P, pay, P, p. 
 
 D,q, koo, Q, q. 
 
 3?, r, err, R,r. 
 
 ©, f, S, ..... . ess, S, s. 
 
 Z, t, tay, ...... T, t. 
 
 U, it, oo, U,u. 
 
 U, it, . . . . ■ U ? u. 
 
 S3, i), fow, ...... V, v. 
 
 28, to, ..... . vay, W, w. 
 
 3f, r, ...... iks, X, x. 
 
 2), 9, ipsilon, Y, y. 
 
 3/ 3/ ...... . tsett, Z, z. 
 
 1 
 
EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 COMPOUND LETTERS. 
 
 DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 at, 
 ah 
 
 Letters. 
 
 tf), . 
 
 <*/■ • 
 
 fir • 
 
 Pf, ■ 
 
 w, • 
 
 £, • 
 
 ait, 
 
 ay, 
 
 att, 
 an, 
 
 et, 
 
 ei, 
 
 eu, 
 eu, 
 
 COMPOUND CONSONANTS. 
 Names. 
 
 . . . tsay-hah, . 
 
 . . . tsay-kah, . 
 
 . . . ef-ef, . . 
 
 . ~ , . pay-ef, . . 
 
 . . s ess-tsay-hah, 
 
 . a . ess-ess, . . 
 
 . . . ess-tay, . . 
 
 . . . ess-tsett, . 
 
 . > . tay-hah, 
 
 .- » . tay-tsett, . 
 
 
 ui. 
 
 English, 
 
 ch. 
 ck. 
 ff. 
 
 p£ 
 
 sch e 
 
 ss. 
 
 St. 
 
 , sz„ 
 tb. 
 tz. 
 
 THE SOUNDS OF THE LETTERS, 
 
 VOWELS. 
 
 a, like a in father ; as, ber 33ater, the father. 
 
 a, less protracted than the former ; in, bie £anb, the hand. 
 
 aa, like a, protracted ; as, bag ^aar, the hair. 
 
 a!), like a, protracted ; as, bag SKat^l, the meal. 
 
 a, like a in fate ; ber 23ar, the bear. 
 
 d, less protracted than the former ; in, alter, older. 
 &!}, like a, protracted ; as, nafyer, nearer. 
 
 e, like #?/ in stay ; as, bie (Srbe, the earth, 
 e, like e in set ; as, bag (Snbe, the end. 
 
 ce, like e, protracted ; as, bit (gee, the sea. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 3 
 
 ee, the two vowels are pronounced separately when 
 they belong to different syllables ; as, geebrt, hon- 
 oured. 
 
 eb, like e, protracted ; as, ba$ 9D?eM, the flour (meal). 
 
 t, like e in me ; as, bte SStbet, the Bible. 
 
 \ f like i in in ; as, in, in. 
 
 ie, like ee in see ; as, fie, she. 
 
 ieft, like eg in see ; as, ffeh, see. 
 
 \b, like t, protracted ; as, ibjxi, him. 
 
 o 7 like o in so ; as, fo, so. 
 
 0, like u in cup ; as, eft, often. 
 
 $b f like o, protracted ; as, <£cbv f son. 
 
 0, corresponds to the French eu in peu. Pronounce e 
 in feer while the lips are formed perfectly round ; 
 long in JDet, oil ; short in efter, oftener. 
 
 oft, more protracted than the former ; as, fcie Sefnie, the 
 sons. 
 
 it, like oo in soon ; as, QUt, good. 
 
 u, like w in full ; as, un£, us. 
 
 ufy, protracted ; as, ber Scfyufr, the shoe. 
 
 it, corresponds to the French u. Pronounce i in sin 
 while the lips are formed perfectly round ; long in, 
 ba$ Uefcet, the evil ; short in. tie ^itdbe, the kitchen. 
 
 i), a foreign letter seldom used by modern writers, has 
 the same sound as t, and is treated like it when it oc- 
 curs in diphthongs ; as, ba£ (gtyjiem, the system. 
 
 DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 at, like i in mine ; as. 9Kai> May. 
 
 ait, like ou in house ; as, ba3 j^au?, the house. 
 
 cm, like oi in noise ; as, bte £aufer, the houses. 
 
 et, like z in mine ; as, ba3 di£, the ice. 
 
 eu, like oi in noise ; as, neutt, nine. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 CONSONANTS. 
 
 h, like b, soft at the beginning of a syllable ; as, Uau, 
 blue ; hard and more like p at the end of a syllable ; 
 as, ba$ ®vah, the grave. 
 
 bt, both letters are uttered ; as, ex kit, he lives. 
 
 c, like ts before e, i, a, 6 and 9; as, ber ©rfet, the circle ; 
 bte @eber, the cedar ; gafar, Csesar ; ba$ Qolibat, celi 
 bacy ; bte (S^prefle, the cypress. 
 
 C, like & before the vowels a, and u, and before { and 
 r ; as, ber Scmal, the canal ; ber (Sottgref?, the congress ; 
 bte Sur, the cure 5 bte Sfoffe, the class ; ber Srebit, the 
 credit. 
 
 cfy, after vowels and consonants, has a peculiar guttural 
 sound that comes out of the throat freely. When 
 preceded by e, i, o, it, et and eit, it is softer and purer 
 than it is when preceded by a, o, U and cut ; as, recfyt, 
 right ; ba3 Stcfyt, the light ; bte $6ct)e, the cooks ; bte 
 Mndjt, the kitchen ; retrf), rich ; eud), you ; fadben, to 
 laugh ; ba3 Sod), the yoke ; gemtg, enough ; audi), also. 
 
 cfyg, dE) is sounded as before, and the g is uttered; as, 
 
 be3 S5ud)^ of the 'book. 
 djft, d) is uttered as before, with the additional sound of 
 
 ji ; as, bu tt>ad)ft, thou art awake. 
 
 cfyt, rf) is uttered with the additional sound of t ; as, bte 
 
 9tacf)t, the night, 
 cfyt^, d) is uttered with the additional sound of tg ; as, 
 
 md)t3, nothing. 
 d)$ f in a few cases sounds like ks ; as, ber DcfyS, the ox. 
 d> like A ; as, btcf, thick. 
 
 rft, rf sounds like k and t is uttered ; as, e$ jletft, it sticks, 
 b, like d at the beginning of a syllable ; as, ba$, that, 
 b, like t at the end of a syllable ; as, bltttb, blind. 
 bt, like £ ; as, tobt, dead. 
 f, like/; as, fetn, fine. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 5 
 
 ff, like/; as, bas Scfytff, the ship, 
 
 g, like g in good ; as, gut, good. 
 
 g sounds like dh at the end of a syllable, or sometimes 
 at the beginning of it when followed by e ; as, ber 
 SOBeg, the way ; ber Dtegett, the rain. 
 
 gb sounds like df)b in fete 50?agb, the maid-servant ; bte 
 Sagb, the chase. 
 
 gn, both letters are sounded ; as, bte ©rtabe, the grace. 
 
 ft, like h ; it is never silent when preceding a vowel 5 
 
 as, ber £at, the hat. 
 f) is silent after a vowel, 
 j, like 3/ in young ; as, bag 3aftr, the year, 
 f, like c in cold ; as, fa ft, cold. 
 fit, both letters are sounded ; as, bag $me, the knee. 
 1, like / ; as, taut, loud. 
 
 1 is uttered when followed by another consonant, and 
 the vowel preceding it has the short sound 5 as, 
 
 16, l)aI6, half. 
 
 ff, er baff, he helped. 
 
 If, ber Jlalf, (chalk) the lime. 
 
 C, Dott, full. 
 
 1m, ber ^fafm, the psalm. 
 
 lb, ba$ ©oft, the gold. 
 
 lg, ate, as. 
 
 ft, fait, cold. 
 
 Ij, bag @af j, the salt. 
 
 m, like m ; as, ber 9Jtamt, the man. 
 
 titm, has more force than m ; as, ber $ amm, the comb, 
 
 n, like n ; as, rtmt, now. 
 
 ng, like ng ; as, ber Dftttg, the ring. 
 
 jtf, like rc& ; as, ber £attf, the thank. 
 
6 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 jttt has more force than n ; as, trf) fatttt, I can. 
 
 n$, the preceding vowel is short ; as, bte ®att$, the goose. 
 
 ttfrf), like nsh ; as, ber ^unfcf), the punch. 
 
 rtfl r like nst ; as, ber (£vn% the earnest. • 
 
 itj, like nts ; as, ber Zan^, the dance. 
 
 p, like p ; as, ber ^pretg, the price. 
 
 pf, the two letters are uttered ; as, em ^pfunb, a pound. 
 
 pfl, the three letters are uttered ; as, ber ^Pflug, the plough. 
 
 pi), like f ; as, ber spropfyet, the prophet. 
 
 pp, bte 2tp*pe, the lip. 
 
 pg, the two letters are uttered ; as, ber ^fatnt, the psalm. 
 
 qu, like fro ; in uttering this sound, the lips are not form- 
 ed round as in the English qu ; ber Duacffalber, the 
 quack. 
 
 X, the sound of the German r is more transient than that 
 of the English, and is not rolled so much ; the vowel 
 preceding r is of short duration ; as, ber SSJiarf t, the 
 market ; ber SJrm, the arm ; bag ©ant, the yarn ; ba$ 
 SBort, the word ; the preceding vowel is long in er 
 tt>arb, he became; bte %xt, the mode; ber SBart, the 
 beard. 
 
 f, like s in fefyen, to see. 
 
 $ f is used only at the end of a word ; as, ba$ §au$, the 
 house. 
 
 fd), like sh ; as, frtfcf), fresh. 
 
 fcfytt), the two sounds of fcf) and xo are uttered ; as, bte 
 Scfytixilfce, the swallow. 
 
 fi, like s, but more hissing ; as, ber $U$ , the kiss. 
 
 ff, ba$ SBaffer, the water. 
 
 fl, like st ; as, fHtt, still. 
 
 t, like t ; as, trtnfen, to drink. 
 
 tf), like t, i) being silent ; as, tfywt, to do. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ftett, like tsion ; as, bte fatten, the nation. 
 
 ti r like ts ; as, nid)t8 f nothing, 
 
 tt f like tj but stronger ; as, fett, fat 
 
 $, like ts ; as, ber 20% the wit, 
 
 t>, like /; as, ber SSater, the father. 
 
 W, an intermediate sound between v and u?. The lips 
 are not formed round in pronouncing it, in which it 
 differs from the English w ; as, ber SBittb, the wind. 
 
 3, like ts ; as, jtt>off, twelve. 
 
 In German every noun begins with a capital letter. 
 
 GENDERS OF NOUNS, 
 
 Ser (masculine), ) 
 Ste (feminine), \ the. 
 Sag (neuter), } 
 
 2>er SSater, the father ; 
 bte SWutter, the mother ; 
 ba^ £mb, the child. 
 
 2>er Dcf)g, the ox ; 
 bte $tfft, the cow ; 
 bag ^}ferb r the horse. 
 
 Ser Stpfef, the apple ; 
 bte SStme, the pear ; 
 i>ag ©rag, the grass. 
 
 Ser £ag, the day ; 
 bte Sfacfot, the night ; 
 bag Satir, the year, 
 
 Set ©tern, the stone ; 
 
 bte Suft, the air ; 
 
 bag 3Bajfer, the water. 
 
 Xev ©arten, the garden ; 
 bte ©tube, the chamber ; 
 bag $>au$, the house. 
 
 Ser jammer, the hammer ; 
 bte SdxtQC, the tongs ; 
 ha$ Sett, the hatchet. 
 
 Ser 23ttd£)jta6e, the letter ; 
 bte ©jrfbe, the syllable ; 
 ba$ SSort, the word. 
 
 £er @a£, the phrase ; 
 
 bte ©pracfte, the language ; 
 
 hag ©ebtefyt, the poem. 
 
 £er (Setji, the spirit ; 
 bte ©eefe, the soul ; 
 bag ?eben, the life. 
 
 2^er SBem, the wine ; 
 fcie mild), the milk ; 
 bag Del, the oil 
 
S EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 2)er gtfcf), the table; 3>er ©afat, the salad ; 
 
 bte 33cmf, the bench ; bte ©uppe, the soup ; 
 
 bag genfter, the window. bag g(etfrf), the meat. 
 
 2)er £mt, the hat ; 2)er ©taf)(, the steel ; 
 
 bfe 9Befle, the waistcoat ; bte $retbe, the chalk ; 
 ba$ QexriO, the shirt. bag ©ofb, the gold. 
 
 Ser Coffer, the spoon ; £>er jfttcfyett, the cake ; 
 
 bte ©abef, the fork ; bte 9?tnbe, the crust ; 
 
 bag SWejfer, the knife. bag SWe^t, the flour. 
 
 Ser $opf, the head ; 2>er 3ttnnt,the linen thread ; 
 
 bte ©tint, the forehead ; bte ©etbe, the silk ; 
 
 ba$ fyaar, the hair. bag Zutfy, the cloth. 
 
 It appears from the foregoing examples, that in Ger- 
 man the names of inanimate beings vary quite arbitra- 
 rily between the three genders, while in English the 
 names of inanimate beings are only of the neuter 
 gender. 
 
 GENERAL RULES REGULATING THE GENDERS OF 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 The names of male persons are masculine ; as, 
 
 ber SSruber, the brother ; ber ©cfynetber, the tailor. 
 ber ^aufmamt, the merchant ; 
 
 The names of female persons are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte gccfyter, the daughter ; bte gretmbttt, the friend, 
 bte S3afe, the cousin ; 
 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 The following names of persons are of the neuter 
 gender 5 as, 
 
 bag ^tnb, the child ; bag ^rauettjtmmer, the lady ; 
 
 bag ©ofyttfem, the little son ; iaS grdulem, the miss ; 
 t>a^ Stfabcfyett? the maid ; ia^ 2Bet6, the wife, the 
 
 woman ± 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN* 9 
 
 ba$ SKarmfem or SJRamtdfyen, ba$ S&eifccfyett, the little 
 the little man. (The woman. (The female 
 male of animals.) of animals.) 
 
 The names of countries, cities, towns, &c. are neu- 
 ter ; as, 
 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 i Slmerifa, America 5 
 
 -<Men, Poland ; 
 
 Oiuxopa, Europe ; 
 
 £eutfd)fanb, Germany 3 
 
 aiffen, Asia ; 
 
 ftoftcmb, Holland ; 
 
 Slfrtfa, Africa ; 
 
 £dttemarf, Denmark ; 
 
 (giibmbtett, the Indies ; 
 
 9iortt>egett, Norway ; 
 
 Cotgtonb, England; 
 
 Sctoebett, Sweden ; 
 
 ©ctjottfonb, Scotland; 
 
 StaKeat, Italy ; 
 
 Srlctnb, Ireland ; 
 
 33raft(ten, Brasil ; 
 
 Portugal, Portugal ; 
 
 SUJertfo, Mexico ; 
 
 (bpcmien, Spain ; 
 
 (Scuwfca, Canada ; 
 
 granfretdf), France ; 
 
 ©tt#ritamtten, Great 
 
 ■Wufjfanb, Russia ; 
 
 Britain. 
 
 Feminine are, 
 
 
 ik Zuvhi, Turkey ; 
 
 bte <2cf)tt)et^ Switzerland, 
 
 
 CITIES. 
 
 3TfeVD * 9)orf, New-York ; SOBten, Vienna ; 
 ^bttabefytna, Philadelphia ; 23er(m, Berlin ; 
 
 35o£ton, Boston ; £re$ben, Dresden ; 
 
 bonbon, London 5 ?^Wg, Leipsic. 
 $art3, Paris ; 
 
 The names of the months are of the masculine 
 gender; as, 
 
 Samtar, January ; %uti, July ; 
 
 %ebxuav, February ; Sfagujt, August ; 
 
 SERdrj, March ; (September, September ; 
 
 Slpril, April ; Dfto6er, October ; 
 
 9!Kat, May ; 9iOt)em6er, November ; 
 
 Sunt, June ; £>e$em6er, December. 
 Ser SERonot, the month, 
 
10 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAK. 
 
 The names of the days of the week are masculine ; 
 as, 
 
 ©onntctg, Sunday ; £onttergtag, Thursday ; 
 
 SKontctg, Monday ; ^rettag, Friday ; 
 
 £tertgtag, Tuesday ; ©ottttabettb, > q flf „,,i n w 
 
 SKtttwoc^, Wednesday ; ©am^tctg, $ saluraa Y< 
 
 The names of the seasons are masculine ; as, 
 
 ber gritMmg, the spring ; ber foerbft, the fall ; 
 ber ©emitter, the summer ; ber SBmter, the winter. 
 
 Neuter are, 
 
 ha$ ^abr, the year ; ha$ ©patjafrr, the autumn ; 
 
 bct3 grttt)jaf)r, the spring ; bag 3a^rJ)unbert,the century. 
 
 The names of the different divisions of the day are 
 of the masculine gender ; as, 
 
 ber Sftorgett, the morning ; ber Sfatdjtttittag, the after- 
 ^ ber SSormtttag, the forenoon ; noon ; 
 
 ber QRtttag, the noon ; ber Stbenb, the evening. 
 
 Feminine are, 
 
 bte %lad)t, the night ; bte ©tuttbe, the hour ; 
 
 bte tyl\ttvcxia&}i f the mid- bte SWmute, the minute ; 
 night ; bte ©efttttbe, the second. 
 
 A CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON NOUNS EXHIBITING 
 THEIR RESPECTIVE GENDERS. 
 
 VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS. 
 
 Masculine* 
 
 2>er £>d)^, the ox ; ber ?6tt>e, the lion; 
 
 ber ©tier, the bull ; ber SCtger, the tiger ; 
 
 ber $ttd)£, the fox ; ber 2eoparb, the leopard ; 
 
 ber fttrfd), the stag; ber ^cmtfyer, the panther ; 
 
 ber Sljfe, the ape ; ber (5fef, the ass ; 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 11 
 
 ber S5ar, the bear ; 
 ber £tmb, the dog ; 
 ber iBotf, the wolf; 
 
 ber STRauIefel, the mule ; 
 ber ©epfycmt, the elephant ; 
 ber SStber, the beaver. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Ste ^ufvthe cow ; 
 bte 3^9^/ the goat ; 
 bte ©entfe, the chamois ; 
 bte tylavig, the mouse ; 
 
 T:a$ Zhiev, the animal ; 
 bag SSteb, the beast ; 
 bag SBtlb, the game ; 
 
 £ct$ $ferb, the horse ; 
 bag ©cfwem, the hog ; 
 bag (gchaf, the sheep ; 
 bag Stalb, the calf ; 
 bag ?amm, the lamb ; 
 bag ptKen, the colt ; 
 
 bte $a£e, the cat ; 
 bte 3?atte, the rat ; 
 bte glebermau^, the bat. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 bag ©ettmrm, the vermin ; 
 bag ©efBtgel, the poultry. 
 
 bag gtrfet, the pig ; 
 bag jTcmteef, the camel ; 
 bag Bleb, the roe ; 
 bag ManitHhen, the rabbit ; 
 bag ©cfyfyontcfyen, the squir- 
 rel. 
 
 BIRDS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Ser 3Scge[ r the bird ; 
 ber &abn, the cock ; 
 ber n>atfd)e £abn,the turkey- 
 cock ; 
 ber tyfau, the peacock ; 
 ber ©torch, the stork ; 
 ber $ucfucf, the cuckoo ; 
 ber Staar, the starling ; 
 ber ^Jctpaget, the popinjay ; 
 ber &d)wan f the swan ; 
 
 ber ©pertutg, the sparrow ; 
 ber $a\art, the pheasant ; 
 ber ,Kcmartettfc>ogeI, the cana- 
 ry-bird ; 
 ber Strang, the ostrich ; 
 ber Slbfer, the eagle ; 
 ber ©eter, the vulture ; 
 ber &abid)t, the hawk ; 
 ber $ai&, the falcon ; 
 ber Dtabe, the raven. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Sie ®ang? the goose 
 bte @nte / the duck ; 
 
 bte ?ertfte, the lark ; 
 
 bte Stotfel, the black-bird ; 
 
12 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 He ftettne, the hen j bie 9tad)t%att, the nightin- 
 bie Stcmbe, the dove ; gale ; 
 
 We grutfyenne, the turkey- bie 2Bacf)tel, the quail ; 
 
 hen ; bie 25roffel, the thrush ; 
 
 bte $raf)e, the crow ; bie Scfynxtlbe, the swallow. 
 bie @ufe, the owl ; 
 
 Neuter. 
 2>a3 ^ufyn, the chicken ; ba$ 3?eW)ufyn, the partridge, 
 
 FISHES. 
 
 Masculine, 
 
 23er $ifcfj, the fish ; 
 ber Slctf, the eel \ 
 ber SKMg, the shad; 
 ber %a<fy$, the salmon \ 
 ber ^ecfyt, the pike ; 
 
 ber Bering, the herring ; 
 ber jtctrpfen, the carp ; 
 ber ©rimbtittg, the ground- 
 ling; 
 ber Sffiattfp, the whale. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 £)k ^orefte, the trout • bie Sarbelte, the sardine, 
 
 bie SSJtafrefe, the mackerel ; 
 
 Masculine o 
 
 ®er ^rofefy, the frog ; 
 ber 9Burm, the worm ; 
 ber ©I orpicxt, the scorpion ; 
 ber 331utegef, the leech ; 
 ber Mxeb$, the crab ; 
 
 ber $afer, the beetle ; 
 ber tyflaif afer, the may-bug ; 
 ber Scfymetterlittg, the but- 
 terfly ; 
 ber glof), the flea. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 X)ie (Sdfyfcmge, the snake ; 
 bie Matter, the adder ; 
 bie Dtter, the viper ; l 
 bie ®d)itbfrote, the tortoise ; 
 bie Mvbte, the toad 5 
 bie ©cfynede, the snail ; 
 
 bie ©rilfe, 
 
 the cricket ; 
 
 ba$ &eimd)en, \ 
 bie ?ait3, the louse ; 
 bie ffliege, the fly ; 
 bie SJufter, the oyster ; 
 bie $oratte, the coral ; 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, IS 
 
 I * 
 
 bte dibedbfe, the lizard ; bte £eufd)rede, the grass- 
 ^ bte JKaupe,. the caterpillar ; hopper ; 
 
 bte Slmetfe, the ant ; bte 32cm$e, the bed-bug ; 
 
 bte SSterte/ the bee ; bte SWotte, the moth ; 
 
 bte 533e3pe, the wasp ; bte Setbenranpe, the silk- 
 
 bte Sptnne, the spider ; worm ; 
 
 bte 9D?xI6e r the mite ; bte SKude, the gnat. 
 
 Neuter. 
 £ct$ or ber $rofobt(, the crocodile, 
 
 THE UNIVERSE. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er fttmmet, the sky (the ber Stent, the star ; 
 
 heaven) ; ber planet, the planet 5 
 
 ber SDtonb, the moon ; ber @omet, the comet. 
 
 Feminine. 
 £te @rbe, the earth ; bte SBeft, the world, 
 
 bte (Sonne, the sun ; 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Qa$ ©efttrtt, the constellation. 
 
 DIVISIONS OF THE EARTEf. 
 
 Masculine. 
 £er 23erg, the mountain ; ber $lu$, the river ; 
 ber £nge[, the hill ; ber See, the lake ; 
 
 ber SScben, the soil ; ber ©ach, the brook 5 
 
 ber 5fiBa(b, the forest ; ber Sumpf, the pool, 
 
 ber Strom, the stream ; 
 
 Feminine, 
 
 £te Stoljolje, the hillock ; bte See, the sea ; 
 
 bte Duefte, the spring ; bte SCBtefe, the meadow, 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 £ct3 Zfiat, the valley ; ba$ 5U?eer, the ocean ; 
 
 ba£ ©et)i% the wood ; ba£ gtfb, the field, 
 
14 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 METALS AND MINERALS. 
 
 25er ©tern, the stone ; 
 ber farmer, the marble ; 
 ber Malt, the lime ; 
 ber &f)on, the clay ; 
 ber ©cfyiefer, the slate ; 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 ber Stfautt, the alum ; 
 ber 23ttrtoI, the vitriol ; 
 ber ©anb, the sand; 
 ber <&taub, the dust ; 
 ber <&tat)l, the steel. J 
 
 SDte Grrbe, the earth ; 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 tie $reibe, the chalk. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 &a# SKetatt, the metal ; 
 bag @r$, the ore ; 
 bag ®oQ>, the gold ; 
 bag ©tlber, the silver ; 
 ba$ $upfer, the copper ; 
 ba$ SWefltng, the brass ; 
 
 The names of metals 
 
 ba$ %inn, the tin ; 
 
 t>a$ S&kig the lead ; 
 
 bag Grtfett, the iron ; 
 
 bag ©alj, the salt ; 
 
 bag GuerfjTfter^he mercury ; 
 
 ia^ ©ptepgfag,the antimony. 
 
 are neuter, excepting ber 
 
 PARTS OF THE HUMAN AND ANIMAL BODY. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 2>er $opf, the head ; 
 
 ber Slugapfel, the eye-ball ; 
 
 ber yjluxib, the mouth ; 
 
 fete ©cfyt&fe (plural of ber 
 
 Scfyfof), the temples ; 
 ber 3^n, the tooth ; 
 ber ©aumen, the palate ; 
 ber 83ctrf> the beard ; 
 ber £afg, the neck ; 
 ber 9?atfett, the nape ; 
 ber Surfeit, the back ; 
 ber 2lrm, the arm ; 
 ber $mger, the finger ; 
 
 ber ^nikfye^the knuckle, the 
 
 ankle ; 
 ber Wagel, the nail ; 
 ber SSufert, the bosom ; 
 ber SSauct), the belly ; 
 ber Sdjenfel, the shank, 
 
 thigh ; 
 ber $u$, the foot ; 
 ber ^nocfyen, the bone ; 
 ber 5D?agen, the stomach ; 
 ber ©cfyabef, the skull ; 
 ber ^iiftef, the trunk ; 
 ber ©efyuabef, the bill ; 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 IS 
 
 ber (gfffcogett, the elbow ; 
 ber £>aumen, the thumb ; 
 
 ber ftlvtcpl, the wing ; 
 ber Mkl, the quill. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 £te ©tint, the forehead ; bte 
 
 bte Slugenbraune, the eye- btr 
 
 brow ; bte 
 
 bte SGBange, the cheek ; bte 
 
 tie yiafc, the nose : bte 
 
 bte 2ippe, the lip; bte 
 
 bte 3^ge / the tongue : bte 
 
 bte jtefefe, the throat ; bte 
 
 bte (Scfyafter, the shoulder ; bte 
 
 bte S)anb, the hand ; bte 
 
 bte gcmft,Ahe fist j bte 
 
 bte SBruji, the breast ; . bte 
 
 bte gette, the side ; bte 
 bte 3itere, the kidney ; 
 
 •XT 
 
 JSeuter. 
 
 3?tppe, the rib ; 
 §Ufte^ the hip ; 
 ?enbe, the loin ; 
 2Babe, the calf; 
 3et)e / the toe ; 
 (gofyfe, the sole 5 
 giber^ the vein ; 
 (gefyne, the sinew ; 
 ?e6er, the liver ; 
 Mane, the claw 5 
 geber, the feather ; 
 (gcfyuppe, the scale j 
 gto^feber, the fin. 
 
 £ag ^anpt, the head ; 
 bag £aar, the hair ; 
 bag ©ejTcfyt, the face ; 
 bag Stage, the eye ; 
 bag SJugentteb, the eye-lid ; 
 bag Dbr, the ear ; 
 bag Minn, the chin ; 
 ba$ Mnie, the knee ; 
 
 bag Settt, the leg ; 
 bag Scfytenbetn, the shin ; 
 ba$ Sd)tt>et£tfocf), the pore ; 
 ba$ £erj, the heart ; 
 ba$ hom f the horn ; 
 bag SfJiaul, the muzzle ; 
 bag ©/the egg. 
 
 PARTS OF PLANTS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er ©tengcf, the stalk ; ber ©rt#, the pedicle, stalk ; 
 
 ber ©tamm, the stem, ber £crtt A the thorn ; 
 
 trunk ; ber $ern, the kernel ; 
 
 ber jjalm, the stalk ; ber ©ante, the seed. 
 
 Feminine. 
 £te SOBurjel,. the root ; bte ©fume,, the bloom, flow- 
 
 bie SMittbe, the blossom ; er ; 
 
 bte $ttogpe, the bud ; bte grudjt, the fruit; 
 
16 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 bte 3ttHe6ef r the bulb ; 
 bte 3Iebre r the ear ; 
 bte Xxanbe, the grape ; 
 
 25a3 SBlatt, the leaf. 
 
 bte 53eere, the berry ; 
 tie ©d)ote, the shell; 
 bte J^Mfe, the husk. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 PLANTS AND VEGETABLES. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 J^er S5aum / the tree ; 
 ber <&tvaud), the shrub ; 
 ber 2Betnftod> the vine ; 
 ber ©ptnat, the spinage ; 
 ber v^obl, the cabbage ; 
 ber ©afar, the salad ; 
 ber gatttrf), the lettuce ; 
 ber pummel', the cumin ; 
 ber Zand), the leek ; 
 ber ^nobiaurf), the garlick ; 
 ber ©etterte, the celery ; 
 ber SRofm, the poppy j 
 ber 9?etttg, the radish ; 
 
 ber 9?e3marm, the rosemary j 
 ber 2tnt3, the anise ; 
 ber gtncfyef, the fennel ; 
 ber ©dnerfmg, the hemlock ; 
 ber ^fejfer, the pepper ; 
 ber %immtt f the cinnamon ; 
 ber s JfBetjett> the wheat ; 
 ber 9?oggen, the rye ; 
 ber &afer, the oats ; 
 ber SWetg, the rice ; 
 ber £cmf, the hemp ; 
 ber $ta<i)$ f the flax ; 
 ber Xabat, the tobacco. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Die ^flanje, the plant ; 
 bte (Stcfye, the oak ; 
 bte S3ud)e, the beech ; 
 bte ^appef, the poplar ; 
 bte SSirfey the birch ; 
 bte £amte, the fir ; 
 bte $id)te, the pine ; 
 bte 9Betbe, the willow ; 
 bte (Seber, the cedar ; 
 bte Sffiurjef, the root ; 
 bte 3tt)te6el, the onion ; 
 bte $artcfiFe(, the potatoe ; 
 bte ©urfe, the cucumber ; 
 
 f »«' I the carrot; 
 btege(De3 f iUDe / $ ' 
 
 bte rotbe Diitbc, the red beet ; 
 
 bte tt>etge 9?ube, the turnip 5 
 
 bte £tftef, the thistle 5 
 
 bte SShmte, the flower 5 
 
 bte Diofe, the rose ; 
 
 bte 9Mfe, the pink ; 
 
 bte £afye, the tulip ; 
 
 bte ?ttte, the lily 5 
 
 bte ^amtlfe, the chamomile ; 
 
 bte SJftttje, the mint ; 
 
 bte ©erfie, the barley. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 17 
 
 Neuter 
 Qa$ SSet(dhen / the violet ; ba3 $£&m, the corn ; 
 ba$ ©enntrj, the spice ; 
 ba$ @ra3, the grass ; 
 ba$ &eu f the hay ; 
 
 ba3 Strob, the straw ; 
 ba$ £e($,the wood. 
 
 FRUITS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er 5tyfe(, the apple. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Xie SStrtte, the pear ; 
 bte spflaume, the plum ; 
 bte 3^etfc^e r the prune ; 
 bte ^ftrjTcfye, the peach ; 
 bte Duttte, the quince ; 
 bte 2(prtfefe, the apricot ; 
 bte ^etge, the fig • 
 bte SBetttfceere, the grape : 
 bte jbrmtbe, the currant ; 
 bte Kojme, the raisin ; 
 
 bte $tr.fcbe, the cherry ; 
 bte Dfange, the orange ; 
 bte ©trcne, the lemon ; 
 bte SJ&J, the nut ; 
 bte SWanbel, the almond ; 
 bte gambertSnuf, the filbert ; 
 bte 93te(one / the melon ; 
 bte Tattel, the date ; 
 bte Cfoe, the olive ; 
 bte ©chet, the acorn. 
 
 CLOTHES AND OTHER NECESSARIES. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Set died, the coat ; ber 
 
 ber SOtantet, the cloak ; ber 
 
 ber &nt, the hat ; ber 
 
 ber £ragen, the collar; ber 
 
 ber Scfutb, the shoe ; ber 
 
 ber Sttefef, the boot ; ber 
 
 ber fccmbfrfutb, the glove ; ber 
 
 ber ©trumpf, the stocking ; ber 
 
 s ])atttotfe(, the slipper ; 
 Stermel, the sleeve ; 
 $ttopf> the button ; 
 ScMeter, the veil ; 
 %&d)tt, the fan ; 
 SJRuf,the muff; 
 gpern, the spur ; 
 StccJ, the cane. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 £te SBei^e, the waistcoat, bte Unterbefen, the drawers ; 
 
 the vest ; bte SDiitge, the cap ; 
 
 bte &ofe^ie§ofeit,the breeches; bte ^Jerrutfe, the wig; 
 
18 
 
 EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 bte SWcmfcfyette, the ruffle ; 
 bte ©ctfe, the sock ; 
 bte Za)d)e, the pocket ; 
 bte Sdutalfe, the buckle ; 
 bte Grille, the spectacles ; 
 
 bte Scfyitrje, the apron ; 
 bte £au6e, the cap ; 
 bte 2etfe, the curl ; 
 bte Smge, the lace. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 £a$ ©ewcmb, the garment ; 
 ba$ Zud), the cloth ; 
 ba$ £entb, the shirt ; 
 ba$ (Strumpfbcmb, the garter ; 
 ba$ Meib, the dress ; 
 
 ba$ grauenffetb, the gown ; 
 ba3 ?et6d)en, the bodice ; 
 ba$ 33anb, the ribbon ; 
 ba£ Jlrmbanb, the bracelet. 
 
 HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE AND UTENSILS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 2>er gtfrfj, the table ; 
 
 ber StuM, the chair ; 
 
 ber (Spiegel, the looking- 
 glass ; 
 
 ber Sdbranf, the press, cup- 
 board 5 
 
 ber $letberfcf)ranf, the ward- 
 robe ; 
 
 ber Kacfytttfcii, the toilet 5 
 
 ber ®ife, the seat ; 
 
 ber Sctjemef, the stool ; 
 
 ber £epptd), the carpet ; 
 
 ber Srfurm, the screen ; 
 
 ber Jlaften, the box ; 
 
 ber teller, the plate ; 
 
 ber Scjf el, the spoon ; 
 
 ber $rug, the pitcher ; 
 ber Mcxb, the basket ; 
 ber 2eud)ter, the candle- 
 stick ; 
 ber dioft, the grate ; 
 ber ^efifel, the kettle ; 
 ber £opf,the pot; 
 ber Xtegel, the skillet ; 
 ber $od)loffel, the ladle ; 
 ber Grimer, the pail ; 
 ber 2D?orfer, the mortar ; 
 ber ©tof el, the pestle ; 
 ber 33efen, the broom ; 
 ber ZviMev, the funnel ; 
 ber grog, the trough ; 
 ber Sac?, the bag. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Sie 22iege, the cradle ; 
 bte 9Kaixa£e, the mattress ; 
 bte ©teppbecfe, the quilt ; 
 bte 83ettbecfe, the blanket ; 
 bte Sommobe, the chest of 
 drawers, the bureau ; 
 
 bte 33anf, the bench ; 
 bte SOBanbufyr, the clock ; 
 bte gafdhenuhr, the watch ; 
 bte $tjie, the chest ; 
 bte gertnette, the napkin ; 
 bte SCaffe, the cup ; 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 19 
 
 bte UntertafiTe, the saucer : 
 bte SdEmfiH/ tlle dish ; 
 bte ©abef, the fork ; 
 bte glafdbe, the bottle \ 
 bte Mumme, the bowl ; 
 bte ?atnpe, the lamp ; 
 bte £aterne, the lantern ; 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Xa$ $ett, the bed ; tag 
 
 ba$ ^tffert^ the cushion ; bag 
 
 bag (Der) politer, the bolster ; bag 
 
 bag iahn, the sheet ; ba$ 
 
 ba$ $Hfft, the desk ; bag 
 
 ba^ Sttfcfttucft, the table-cloth ; bag 
 
 bag £anbtnrfv the towel • ta^ 
 
 bag 2£afd)betfen, the laver ; bag 
 
 bte Stcfttfdbere, the snuffers 
 bte gcbaufet, the shovel ; 
 bte ^fanne, the pan ; 
 bte SQMbe, the tray ; 
 bte ^fetfe, the pipe ; 
 bte Setter, the ladder. 
 
 SSedPeit, the basin ; 
 SMefler, the knife ; 
 #Cdfcfcc6en, the vial ; 
 ®ia$. the glass ; 
 ?tdbt, the candle ; 
 £chtt?efe(bcfj,the match ; 
 3Bajferfap, the tub ; 
 Steb, the sieve. 
 
 ABOUT A TOWN. BUILDINGS, AND APPURTENANCES. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er ^afaft, the palace ; 
 ber Zbutm, the tower ; 
 ber ^xrcfttburm, the steeple ; 
 ber better, the cellar ; 
 ber Stall, the stable ; 
 fcer £of, the yard ; 
 ber £erb, the hearth ; 
 ber ?aben, the shop ; 
 
 ber gertftertaben, the win- 
 dow-shutter ; 
 ber Dfett, the stove ; 
 ber 25rttrmen, the well ; 
 ber ScMiiffef, the key ; 
 ber Siiegei, the bolt ; 
 ber 9D?arft, the market ; 
 ber ejfene 5 ])(at3, the square. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 SDte ©tdbt> the town, city 
 bte $trcfte, the church ; 
 bte $apetfe, the chapel ; 
 bte SSrurfe, the bridge : 
 bte Srage, the street : 
 bte <&tuke, the chamber ; 
 
 Neuter. 
 Qa$ ©ebaube, the building ; bag -gtodfwerf, the story ; 
 ba$ Scfylop, the castle ; bag Simmtx, the room ; 
 
 bte 90?auer, the wall ; 
 bte £bur, the door ; 
 bte jlitdbe, the kitchen ; 
 bte $>umpe, the pump ; 
 bte ©Iccfe, the bell. 
 
20 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 i>a$ Mvanfent)au$, the hospi- 
 tal ; 
 bag SOBtrtfeSfiauS, the inn ; 
 bag &a\x$, the house ; 
 bag ©dfc^en, the lane ; 
 
 bag Sacf), the roof ; 
 bag $enjl:er, the window ; 
 bag Jtamitt, the chimney ; 
 bag Scfyfof, the lock. 
 
 TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Ser jammer, the hammer ; 
 ber Scfyfdgel, the mallet ; 
 ber $}obel, the plane ; 
 ber SBobrer, the auger ; . 
 ber SKetf ef, the chisel ; 
 
 ber Slmbof?, the anvil ; 
 ber 9iage(, the nail ; 
 ber ^ett, the wedge ; 
 ber Qaten, the hook ; 
 ber [ftecfyen, the rake. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 £te 3^S e / tl] e tongs ; 
 bte getfe, the file ; 
 bte ©age, the saw ; 
 bte ©enfe, the scythe ; 
 bte 2lrt, the axe ; 
 
 bte Sgge, the harrow ; 
 ik Style, the awl ; 
 bte 9tabel, the needle ; 
 bte ©tecfttabef, the pin ; 
 bte ©cfyretbfeber, the pen. 
 
 Neuter. 
 Qa$ SKSerf jeug, the tool ; bag SSetf, the hatchet. 
 
 INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Ste ©etge, \ the fiddle, 
 bte SBtoltne, \ the violin ; 
 bte 23a£getge, the bass-viol ; 
 bte %Vb% the flute ; 
 bte grontpete, the trumpet ; 
 
 bte Gutfier, the guitar ; 
 bte ?aute, the lute ; 
 bte £arfe, the harp ; 
 bte Drgef, the organ ; 
 bte grommef, the drum. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Sag spiatto, bag ^taneforte, bag ^ow, the horn ; • 
 the piano, the pianoforte 5 bag gfageolet, the flageolet 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 21 
 
 PHYSICAL THINGS, CONDITIONS, AND EFFECTS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er SDBtnb, the wind ; ber Sturm, the storm ; 
 
 ber 9?egen, the rain ; ber %vo)~t, the frost ; 
 
 ber Sdutee, the snow ; ber ©unjl, the vapour ; 
 
 ber i^agef, the hail ; ber Dietf, the hoar-frost. 
 ber 9cebef r the mist, the fog ; 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 ©te ?uft, the air ; fete 22drme, the warmth ; 
 
 bte ^i^e, the heat 5 bte $afte, the cold. 
 
 Neuter* 
 
 Qa$ $euer, the fire ; bag SfBetter, the weather ; 
 
 ba$ gtcfjt, the light • bag @£, the ice. 
 
 FLUIDS AND THE LIKE. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Xex SDBem, the wine ; ber 9?um, the rum ; 
 
 ber @fitg, the vinegar ; ber33ramtttt)em,the brandy; 
 
 ber Zbee, the tea ; ber Zbvan, the train-oil ; 
 
 ber ^afee, the coffee ; ber £bcer, the tar ; 
 
 ber @tber, the cider ; ber £ct(g, the tallow ; 
 
 ber 9JJetb, the mead ; ber Senf, the mustard. 
 
 Feminine. 
 £te SRtfcft, the milk ; bte ©afytte, the cream. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Qa$ Staffer, the water ; bo$ $ett, the grease ; 
 
 ka$ Del, the oil ; ba$ SOacbS, the wax ; 
 
 bag SBter, the beer ; ba$ ©ummt, the gum. 
 ba$ 33fot, the blood ; 
 
 FOOD. 
 
 Masculine. 
 Ser ^ucfyen, the cake ; ber Safe, the cheese ; 
 
22 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ber (Spec?, the bacon ; ber 23raten, the roast meat ; 
 
 ber ©cfymfett, the ham ; ber gtfcf), the fish. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 S5te ©uppe, the soup ; bte SButter, the butter ; 
 
 bie SOBurft, the pudding, the bte Sritbe, the broth ; 
 
 sausage ; bte Dttnbe, the crust. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 T)Ci$ SSreb, the bread ; bag $atbfletftf), the veal ; 
 
 bag yjleijl, the meal, the bag ?antmfletfd), the lamb ; 
 
 flour • bag ©cfywemefletfrf), the 
 ha$ ^letfcf), the meat ; pork ; 
 
 bag Situbfletfrf), the beef; bag SOBttb, the venison ; 
 
 ba$ gcfyopfenfletfd), the mut- bag ©eflugel, the fowl. 
 
 ton ; 
 
 PREPARED STUFFS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Ser 3^3/ the stuff ; ber Situtttcf), the tick ; 
 
 ber SSarcfyent, the fustian ; ber ,gatute*xt$, the canvas ; 
 
 ber Mattun, ber 3fe, the ca- ber $ajTmtr, the cassimere ; 
 
 lico ; ber j&xoixn, the thread. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 2He ?euttt>anb, the linen ; bte 33aumtt>otte, the cotton ; 
 bte SBotfe, the wool ; bte gefpennene SEBotfe, the 
 
 bte ©etbe, the silk ; worsted. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 £ag Zud), the cloth ; bag ©fag, the glass ; 
 
 bag ?eber, the leather ; bag ^orjettan, the porcelain. 
 
 bag papier, the paper ; 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS, TECHNICAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TERMS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 25er ^3unft r the point ; ber ©a£, the phrase, the 
 
 ber 2Binf el, the angle ; sentence ; 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 23 
 
 ber $orper, the body ; 
 
 ber ®tojf r the matter, the 
 
 stuff; 
 ber 23ud)^abe r the letter ; 
 ber SSer^ 7 the verse ; 
 
 ber Zori, the accent ; 
 ber ©cfyatt, the sound ; 
 ber Zon, the tone ; 
 ber iant, the tune. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 •Dfe -23tfbfditfe, the statue ; 
 
 bte $arte, the card ; 
 
 bte ?cmbfarte, the map ; 
 
 bte 2tme, the line ; 
 
 bte $lad)e, the plain ; 
 
 bte gigur, the figure ; 
 
 bte ©ejMt, the frame, 
 
 shape ; 
 bte Stlbwtg, the form ; 
 bte Sage, the situation ; 
 
 Neuter. 
 Qag S5t(bnt$, the portrait ; ba$ ©ebtcfyt, the poem ; 
 
 bte -93ett>egttttg, the motion ; 
 bte SRafie, the mass ; 
 bte ©pradie, the language ; 
 bte 9?ebe, the discourse ; 
 bte SKimbart, the dialect ; 
 bte ^Jertebe, the period ; 
 bte St)f6e, the syllable ; 
 bte £eitart, the accent ; 
 bte (Stmtnte, the voice. 
 
 ba3 ©emdtbe, the picture 
 ba$ S3tfb r the image ; 
 ba$ SSJort, the word ; 
 
 ta$ tyflaav, the measure ; 
 ba3 ©ettricfjt, the weight. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ABSTRACT NOUNS. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er ©etft, the spirit : 
 ber ®eift, the ghost ; 
 ber ©ngef, the angel ; 
 ber geufel, the devil ; 
 ber gob, the death ; 
 ber ScWctf, the sleep ; 
 ber Zxaum, the dream ; 
 ber 2Buttfdfr, the wish \ 
 ber SSegrtjf, the idea, the 
 
 notion ; 
 ber ©ebcmfe, the thought ; 
 ber ©faube, the faith, the 
 
 creed ; 
 
 ber 3>tveiftl, the doubt ; 
 ber 2Bt§, the wit ; 
 ber ©ttttt, the sense ; 
 ber ^ebler, the fault ; 
 ber Srtt^um, the error ; 
 ber ©ena£, the enjoyment ; 
 ber Scfymerj, the pain, the 
 
 ache ; 
 ber Summer, the grief: 
 ber &a$, the hatred ; 
 ber 3 e nt, the anger; 
 ber 2Btile, the will ; 
 ber £mtf, the thank ; 
 
24 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ber Serftcmb, the 
 standing ; 
 
 under- ber dM, the disgust ; 
 ber ©b, the oath. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 3Me ©eete, the soul • bte 
 
 bte 2te6e, the love ; bte 
 
 bie greube, the joy ; bte 
 
 bte £offmmg, the hope ; bte 
 
 bte %ixx&)t F the fear ; bte 
 
 bte ©cfycmbe, the shame ; bte 
 
 bte ©nabe, the mercy ; bte 
 bte ?etbenfd)aft r the passion ; bte 
 
 bte s B$uth, the wrath ; bte 
 
 bte 21njtd)t, the view ; bte 
 
 bte ©abrbett, the truth ; bte 
 bte Siige, the lie ; 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Steltgtoit, the religion ; 
 Urfacfye, the cause ; 
 SEBtrfuttg, the effect ; 
 SBeiSfyett, the wisdom ; 
 Xborbett, the folly ; 
 Stugenb, the virtue ; 
 ©itnbe, the sin ; 
 grommtgfett, the piety ; 
 ©orge, the care ; 
 2lrt, the kind ; 
 ©attuttg, the species. 
 
 2>a3 ?eben r the life ; 
 i>a$ gafter, the vice ; 
 
 ba$ ©efe£, the law ; 
 
 ba$ SSergniigen, the pleasure. 
 
 THE SENSES. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 £er ©erttcf), the smell ; ber ©efcfymatf, the taste. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 2>a3 ©eftcfyt, the sight ; ba3 ©efi'tf)!, the feeling. 
 
 ba$ ©efyor, the hearing ; 
 
 TERMINATIONS INDICATIVE OF THE GENDERS OF 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 Nouns ending in e are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte (grbe, the earth ; bte ©abe, the gift, 
 
 bte IWttfye, the rest ; 
 
 EXCEPTIONS. 
 
 Masculine are, 
 ber $afe, the cheese 5 ber diabe, the raven 5 
 
 ber £lflh e, the ape ; ber £afe, the hare. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 25 
 
 Neuter are, 
 ba3 Sluge, the eye ; ba$ @nbe, the end. 
 
 Neuter are also adjective nouns; as, 
 
 ia$ ®ute, the good (thing) ; ba$ Scfyone, the beautiful 
 ba$ S36fe, the bad (thing) ; (thing). 
 
 Nouns ending in in or inn are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte greimbm, the (female) tie ©cfoaufpielerut, the ac- 
 
 friend ; tress, 
 
 bte 2ebrertn, the (female) 
 
 teacher ; 
 
 Nouns ending in et are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte Scfymetdjetei, the flat- bxe £rutferet, the printing- 
 tery ; office. 
 
 Nouns ending in hit are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte ©efdfftgfett, the complai- bte ©efcfyttnnbigfeit, the 
 sance ; quickness. 
 
 Nouns ending in fdhaft are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte gxeimbfcfyaft, the friend- bte ©efefffcfyaft, the corn- 
 ship ; pany. 
 
 Nouns ending in mtg are feminine ; as, 
 
 bte D^etgnng, the inclination ; bte SBobnung, the residence, 
 bte Dtedjmutg, the account ; 
 
 Neuter are nouns ending in letn and cfyen, which 
 affixes are used to form diminutives ; as, 
 
 ta$ $JlaMd)cn, the little ba$ ^ndfcfetn, the little boy ; 
 
 man ; ba£ grdnletn, the miss ; 
 
 t>a$ SOSeifccfyen, the little wo- ba£ Siicfyfem, the little book. 
 
 man ; 
 
 Neuter are infinitive nouns, which terminate in n or 
 en, and correspond to the English participle-nouns ; as, 
 
 baS @ffen, the eating ; ba$ S'enfen, the thinking ; 
 
 ba$ ©efyen, the going ; ba$ fcoffen, the hoping. 
 
 2 
 
26 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Compound substantives take the gender of the final 
 noun ; as, 
 
 ba$ grauettjtmmer, the la- bfe SJftamtgperfbtt, the man ; 
 
 dy; ba# ©cfylitffettod), the key- 
 set gentferfobett/the window hole. 
 
 shutter ; 
 
 Nouns varying m genders and significations : 
 
 ber 33cmb, the volume; ba$ Zijcr, the gate ; 
 
 t>a$ 33cmb, the ribbon j ber better, the leader ; 
 
 ber ©cfytfb, the shield ; bte getter, the ladder ; 
 ba$ ©efytlfb, the sign (the ber 3 eu 8/ ^e stuff (silk, 
 
 work of a painter) : &c.) ; 
 
 ber ©ee, the lake ; ha$ 3^g,the stuff (in gen- 
 
 bte ©ee, the sea ; eral). 
 ber g$or; the fool j 
 
 DECLENSION OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, 
 
 Singula?**. 
 
 
 Blase; 
 
 Fern, 
 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 2>er^ 
 
 bte, 
 
 
 ba$ r the. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 2>e£; 
 
 ber, 
 
 
 beg, of the„ 
 
 Dat. 
 
 2>em^ 
 
 ber^ 
 
 
 bem, to the. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Sen, 
 
 bte,. 
 PluraL 
 
 
 bag, the~ 
 
 
 Of the thsee genders;- 
 
 
 
 Nom. 
 
 £te, 
 
 the 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Gen. 
 
 £er, of the 
 
 „ 
 
 
 Dat. 
 
 3Dett, to 
 
 the 
 
 » 
 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Sie, 
 
 the 
 
 • 
 
 DECLENSION OF THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 
 Mase. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 
 NeuL 
 
 Nom. 
 
 @m, 
 
 erne, 
 
 
 em, a. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 ©neg, 
 
 etner, 
 
 
 euteg, of a. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 ©item, 
 
 etner, 
 
 
 einent, to a. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 ©nen, 
 
 erne, 
 
 
 em, a. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 27 
 
 DECLENSION OF NOUNS. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 FIRST DECLENSION, 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Nom. Ser Stater, the father, 
 Gen. Se£ Stater^, of the father. 
 Dat. Sent Stater, to the father. 
 Ace. Sen Stater, the father. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Nom. Sa$ gMixfyen, the girl 
 
 Gen. Se3 9)Jdbrf)en3, of the girl. 
 
 Dat. Sent 5Didbd)en, to the girl 
 
 Ace. Sa3 SKabdjen,- the girl. 
 
 SECOND DECLENSION, 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Nom. Ser ^remtb, the friend. 
 
 Gen. Se3 gxewtbeg, of the friend. 
 Dat. Sent gremtbe, to the friend. 
 Ace. Sen greunb, the friend. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 Nom. Sa3 ^)ferb, the horse. 
 
 Gen. Se3 ^}ferbe3, of the horse. 
 
 Dat. Sent ^ferbe, to the horse. 
 
 Ace. Sa3 tyfexb, the horse. 
 
 THIRD DECLENSION. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Nom. Ser $nabe, the boy. 
 Gen. Se3 ^ttafcen, of the boy. 
 Dat. Sent j?nafcen, to the boy. 
 Ace. Sen jtnaben, the boy. 
 
 FOURTH DECLENSION. 
 
 Feminine. 
 
 Nom. Ste 9D?ntter, the mother. 
 Gen. Ser Gutter,, of the mother. 
 Dat. Ser 9Kntter, to the mother. 
 Ace. Ste SWntter, the mother. 
 
28 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 Masculine and neuter nouns take g or e$ in the geni- 
 tive singular. Those ending in el, en, er, cfyen, and (etn, 
 take $, for an additional e$ would render the termina- 
 tions too soft. All others take e$* The dative in e cor- 
 responds to the genitive in e& 
 
 Masculine nouns that end in e, take n, and, by way of 
 exception, a few of other terminations take en in the 
 genitive, dative, and accusative cases singular. 
 
 Feminine nouns are not inflected in the singular. 
 
 FORMATION OF THE NOMINATIVE PLURAL. 
 Termination e. 
 
 The termination e in the nom. plural principally oc- 
 curs in masculine nouns ; as, 
 
 ber grennb, bte grennbe, the friends ; ber ^tingling, bte 
 Smtglutge, the youths ; ber £nnb, bte iumbe, the dogs ; 
 ber £tfcfy, bte £tfd)e, the tables ; ber %aa, bte Zage, the 
 days ; ber 9D?onat, bte donate, the months ; ber ©cfmb, 
 bte ©rintbe, the shoes ; ber ©#£, bte ©tge, the seats ; ber 
 Slrm, bte Strme, the arms • ber ©tern, bte ©tetne, the 
 stones ; ber ©tern, bte Sterne, the stars ; ber 33erg, bte 
 Serge, the mountains ; ber SOBinb, bte SOBtnbe, the winds ; 
 ber ©inn, bte ©tnne, the senses. 
 
 Masculine monosyllables containing the vowels a, o, it, 
 or the diphthong an, soften them into a, 6, it, and dn, be- 
 sides assuming the termination e in the nom. plural ; as, 
 
 ber ©ofm, bte ©ofme, the sons ; ber $ncf)3, bte 5nd)fe, 
 the foxes ; ber 2Bctf, bte 2Bo(fe, the wolves ; ber ©tord), 
 bte ©torcfye, the storks ; ber grefrf), bte grofcfye, the frogs ; 
 ber ©trom, bte ©trome, the streams ; ber $fn$, bte ^titfie, 
 the rivers ; ber 33arf), bte 23dcfje, the brooks ; ber $o:pf, bte 
 $6pfe, the heads ; ber ©d)laf, bte ©d)(dfe, the temples ; 
 ber 3 a tytt/ bie Styw, the teeth ; ber SSart, bte 35drte, the 
 beards ; ber &clI$, bte SQalfi, the necks ; ber %u$, bte $itge, 
 the feet ; ber SScmm, bte S3dnme, the trees ; ber 3?ctf, bte 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 29 
 
 diode, the coats ; ber £uf> bte Spite, the hats ; bet $nopf, 
 tie ,ffnopfe, the buttons ; ber Stocf, bte Stocfe, the sticks ; 
 ber Strumpf, bte (gtrttmpfe, the stockings ; ber @tubf, bte 
 <&tiihle, the chairs ; ber kvuQ, bte ^ritge, the pitchers ; 
 ber $er6, bte $erbe, the baskets ; ber Stopf, bte £opfe, the 
 pots ; ber Sad, bte Sdtfe, the bags ; ber £burm, bte gbiir* 
 me, the towers; ber Stall, bte Stalle, the stables; ber 
 9}?arft, bte 9D?drfte, the markets ; ber Sturm, bte Stttrme, 
 the storms ; ber £unft, bte SDitttjIe, the vapours ; ber £cn, 
 bte £ihte, the tones ; ber £raum, bte £rdume, the dreams ; 
 ber SEitnfcfr, bte ^Bunfcbe, the wishes. 
 
 Obs. In bte Stage, bte ftunbe, bte Srfmbe, bte Slrme, by 
 way of exception, the vowels are not softened. 
 
 A few feminine monosyllables containing the vowels 
 capable of being softened, also assume the termination 
 e and the softened vowels in the nom. plural ; as, 
 
 bte 9Qcagb, bte 5Rdgbe, the servants ; bte $nb, bte Sttlje, 
 the cows ; bte tylang, bte SKdttfe, the mice ; bte ©an3, bte 
 Odnfe, the geese ; bte ?aus>, bte ?dnfe, the lice ; bte 9iacbt, 
 bte 9idrf)te, the nights ; bte £anb, bte frdnbe, the hands ; 
 bte gautf, bte gdufte, the fists ; bte grucbt, bte $rucf)te, the 
 fruits ; bte 9iitp, bte Sfaifte, the nuts ; bte 35anf, bte S3dnfe, 
 the benches ; bte Stabt, bte Stabte, the towns ; bte fuft, 
 bte Sufte, the airs ; bte 5Burft, bte SBurfte, the sausages ; 
 bte $unft, bte Mimfte, the arts. 
 
 Comparatively few neuter nouns take the termination 
 e in the nom. plural. They are principally mono- 
 syllables and do not soften the vowels a, o, and u ; as, 
 
 bag %abv, bte Sabre, the years ; bag Scbaf, bte Scfyafe, 
 the sheep ; bag £aar, bte £aare, the hairs ; bag £bcr, bte 
 £bcre, the gates ) bag SE?ort, bte StBorte, the words; bag 
 ^3ferb, bte ^pferbe, the horses ; bag Scbtteut, bte Scbroetne, 
 the hogs ; bag £bter, bte £btere, the animals ; bag SSettt, 
 bte S?eate, the legs ; bag Mine, bte ^nte, the knees ; bag 
 papier, bte ^aptere, the papers ; ba6 ©etxntrj, bte ©ettmrje, 
 the spices ; bas ©efitbf, bte ©efitble, the sentiments; bas 
 @e[e|, bie ©efefee, the laws. 
 
30 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 Terminations en and n* 
 
 The characteristic terminations of feminine nouns in 
 the nom. plural are n and en. Those ending in e, et, 
 and er, add n r the others en ; and those ending in in, add 
 nen; as, 
 
 bte SSInme, bte SSInmen, the flowers ; bte ^Pflanje, bte 
 spflanjen, the plants ; bte SBedbe, bte SBecfyen, the weeks ; 
 bte ©tube, bte Stuben, the rooms ; bte 33afe, bte Safen, the 
 cousins ; bte Scbwalbe, bte <Ed)tvalben, the swallows ; bte 
 ©prarfje, bte (gpracben, the languages ; bte ©cfynle, bte 
 ©cfynfen, the schools ; bte (gcfymefter, bte Scfyweftem, the 
 sisters ; bte 9'iabef, bte ytabeln, the needles ; bte @a6e(, bte 
 ©abeln, the forks ; bte geber, bte ^ebern, the feathers ; bte 
 gran, bte granen, the women; bte grennbtn, bte grennbtn* 
 nen, the friends ; bte ?ebrerm, bte ?ebrertnnen, the teachers. 
 
 A few masculine nouns also assume the terminations 
 tl and en in the nom. plural. They are principally such 
 as have those terminations in the singular. 
 
 £er $nabe, bte $naben, the boys ; ber 2Jffe, bte 2ijfen, 
 the apes ; ber £6tt>e, bte ?6n)en, the lions ; ber Sentfefye, bte 
 Sentfcfyen, the Germans ; ber SKenfd), bte 9D?enfd)en, the 
 men ; ber s Jiad)bar, bte 9iarf)barn, the neighbours ; ber 
 S5aner, bte -35anern, the farmers ; ber £)cf)g, bte Odbfen, the 
 oxen. 
 
 A few neuter nouns, by way of exception, assume 
 the terminations n and en in the nom. plural ; as, 
 
 bag Singe, bte Stttgen, the eyes • bag Dbr, bte Dbren, the 
 ears ; ba$ &ev$, bte fcer^en, the hearts ; bag $5ett, bte 
 SSetten, the beds ; bag £emb, bte ^emben, the shirts. 
 
 Termination ex. 
 
 ($x is the characteristic termination of neuter nouns 
 in the nom. plural ; as, 
 
 bag ®inb, bte $mber, the children ; ba$ $ (etb, bte MeU 
 ber, the clothes ; bag ?teb, tie ?teber,the songs ; bag 33t(b, 
 tie 33iiber, the pictures ; bag ffilb, ^ e falter, the fields : 
 bag ©ejtd)t, bte ©eftcbter, the faces ; bag &, He (gier, the 
 eggs j bag Stdjt, bte ?tcf)ter / the lights. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 31 
 
 Neuter monosyllables containing the vowels a, o, u, 
 and the diphthongs an, soften them into d, 6, it, and du, 
 besides taking the termination er in the nom. plur. ; as, 
 
 bag ?amm, bte hammer, the lambs ; bag Mali, bte MaU 
 hex, the calves ; bag £anb, bte £dnber, the countries ; bag 
 Ztjal f bte Sadler, the valleys ; bag 33fatt, bee SSfatter^ the 
 leaves ; bag S3anb, bte S3dnber, the ribbons ; bag ©fag, bte 
 ©tdfer, the glasses ; bag %a% bte ^dfier, the tubs ; bag 
 2>ad), bte £dd)er, the roofs ; bag ^ortt, bte Renter, the 
 horns ; bag $Bort, bte3B6rter, the (single) words ; bag £uf)n, 
 bte £ufyner, the chickens ; bag £utf), bte £itd)er, the hand- 
 kerchiefs ; bag 33ncfy, bte 23itcf)er, the books ; bag $)au$, 
 bte£dttfer, the houses ; bag fyavupt, bte £dupter, the heads. 
 
 A few masculine nouns, by way of exception, take 
 the termination er in the nom. plural ; as, 
 
 ber 9D?antt, bte 95?dmter, the men 5 ber SOBurnt, bte 2Biir* 
 nter, the worms ; ber ©etjl, bte ©etfter, the spirits ; ber 
 £>rt, bte Derter, the places ; ber £etb, bte £et6er, the bodies. 
 
 NO CHANGE IN THE NOMINATIVE PLURAL IN MASCULINE 
 
 AND NEUTER NOUNS. 
 
 1st, Masculine nouns ending in ef, en, and er : 
 
 ber SSitrger, bte 33itrger, the citizens ; ber Seftrer, bte SeJj* 
 rer, the teachers ; ber (£nge(, bte @ngel, the angels ; ber 
 Sdger, bte Sdger, the hunters ; ber ibfer, bte Slbter, the 
 eagles ; ber $arpfeit, bte $arpfen, the carps ; ber $dfer, 
 bte $dfer, the beetles ; ber finger, bte finger, the fingers ; 
 ber Saumett, bte Saumen, the thumbs ; ber ^necfyen, bte 
 $ttod)en, the bones ; ber $fugel, bte $(ugel, the wings ; ber 
 (SE&ogett, bte (Stfbogett, the elbows ; ber $6rper, bte $6rper, 
 the bodies ; ber 9Sftagen, bte 9D?agett, the stomachs ; ber 
 ©ommer, bte ©ontnter, the summers ; ber S&tnter, bte Sffim* 
 ter, the winters ; ber 9D?orgett, bte 9D?orgen, the mornings ; 
 ber ^ebef, bte 9?ebef, the fogs ; ber ©pteget, bte Spiegel, the 
 looking-glasses ; ber ©cfytuftet, bte ©cttfufiet, the keys ; 
 ber ?eucf)ter, bte ?ettcf)ter, the candle-sticks ; ber 23rumtett, 
 bte SSrunnen, the wells ; ber 2ButfeI, bte 2Btnfef, the angles : 
 
32 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ber Soffef, bte ?cffe(, the spoons ; ber ©mer, bte ©met, the 
 pails ; ber 23efen, bte 35efen, the brooms ; fcer ?aben, bte £a- 
 ben, the shutters ; ber SWetpel, bte 9Ketgef,the chisels ; ber 
 SSobrer, fcxe 25obrer, the borers ; fcer £efie(, bte Reflet, the 
 kettles ; ber fetter, bte feller, the cellars ; ber SOBagen, bte 
 2Bagen, the wagons ; ber 2Jerme(,bte SJertnet, the sleeves ; 
 ber Iftucfyen, bte kitchen, the cakes ; ber $eMer, bte getter, 
 the faults. 
 
 2d, Neuter nouns ending in el, en, er, fern, and cfyen ; as, 
 
 bag Sfttttef, bte Sfttttel, the means ; bag Stegef, bte ©te* 
 get, the seals ; bag ^apttei, bte <ftapttef, the chapters ; bag 
 9?dtbfet, bte 9?dtbfef, the riddles ; ba$ ©egef, bte Segef, the 
 sails ; bag £rttte(, bte Srtttet, the thirds ; bag SStertef, bte 
 SSiertet r the quarters ; bag ^tfifen, bte ^tjfen, the cushions ; 
 bag 33etfen, bte 33etfen, the basins ; bag @tfen,bte ©fen, the 
 irons ; bag ^titim, bte 3^td)ett, the marks ; bag genfter, 
 bte gender, the windows; bag Simmer, bte gimmex, the 
 rooms ; bag SSJteflfer, bte 5D?efier, the knives ; bag 9inber, 
 bte 9tnber, the oars ; bag SOBnnber, bte 5BBnnber, the won- 
 ders ; bag ?after, bte ?ajl:er, the vices ; bag 90?dbd)en, bte 
 SKdbcfyen, the girls ; bag 35(itmcf)en, bte 23(ihnd)en, the flow- 
 erets ; bag gf&fefjcfjeit, bte gldfd)d)en, the vials ; bag grdu* 
 letn, bte grdnletn, the misses ; bag 23ud)(etn, bte SBudjlem, 
 the little books. 
 
 NO CHANGE IN THE TERMINATIONS, BUT SOFTENED 
 VOWELS. 
 
 A few nouns ending in el, en, and er, do not change 
 the terminations, but soften the radical vowels a, o, and 
 it into d, o, and it, in the nominative plural ; as, 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 Ser 3ScgeI, bte SSogef, the birds ; ber Sfcpfef, bte Stepfef, 
 the apples ; fcer 9?aget, bte SMgef, the nails ; ber Mantel, 
 bte 9fJ?dntef, the cloaks ; ber Scfynabel, bte ©djttdbel, the 
 bills ; ber ©arten, bte ©drten, the gardens ; ber Cfen, bte 
 SDefen, the stoves ; ber ^Setter, bte SSdter, the fathers j ber 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 33 
 
 §5rttber, bte ©ruber, the brothers ; tcr &ammer, bte §ax& 
 nter, the hammers. 
 
 Feminine. 
 33ie Gutter, tie gutter, the mothers ; bte £ecf)ter, bte 
 feebler, the daughters. 
 
 Neuter. 
 £cts SHoftev, tie defter, the cloisters, 
 
 PLURAL NOUNS. 
 
 £te (gitem? the parents ; He Qeute, the people ; tie j!o* 
 ften, the expenses ; bte fcefen, the pantaloons ; tie $Be% 
 nacbten, Christmas ; tie Client, Easter ; tie ^fmgfteu, 
 Whitsmitide ; bte ©ebritber, the brothers ; tie ©efcfcnnjrer, 
 the brothers and sisters. 
 
 Nouns varying the forms and genders with the signi- 
 fications in the plural. 
 
 £te 33cmf, bte 3?dnfe, the benches ; bte S3anf, bte 33att* 
 feu, the banks ; ber Ztjov, tie Jbereu, the fools ; bets XtfOY, 
 tie £bcre, the gates ; ber !$ant, tie 3?dube, the volumes ; 
 ta$ 33aub, bte 93duber, the ribbons ; ba£ S?aub, bte 3?aitbe, 
 the bonds ; ber 2cbt(b,bte 2cbt(be, the shields ; bd$ @d)Ub, 
 bte Scbttber, the signs ; ber SSogett, bte SSogen, the sheets of 
 paper ; ber SSogett, bte SBogen, the bows ; ber #u§, bte glife, 
 the feet (parts of the body) ; ber $a£,bret Jug, three feet 
 (a measure) ; ber Saben, bte ?abeu, the shutters ; ber faben, 
 bte ?dbeu, the shops ; ta$ SBort, bte 23crter, the (single) 
 words ; ba3 ©ert, bte SBJort^ words (in connexion). 
 
 COMPOUNDS OF g e It t £ 
 
 £er Manfmaxtn, tie ^auffeute, the merchants ; ber %irm 
 trtermamt, bte Qimmexlcixte, the carpenters ; fcer&cuiptntann, 
 bte Syiuptleute, the captains ; ber gbemcmn, bte gbemdu* 
 ner, the husbands ; bte Sbeleute, married people. 
 
 DECLENSION OF NOUNS IN THE PLURAL NUMBER, 
 
 All nouns are declined alike in the plural. The gen. 
 and ace. cases are like the nom., and only the dative 
 
 2* 
 
34 EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 adds n to the nominative that does not yet termi- 
 nate so. 
 
 Nom. 3Me Setter, the fathers. 
 
 Gen. 2}er Safer, of the fathers, 
 
 Dat. Sen Sdtern, to the fathers. 
 
 Ace. 2>te Setter, the fathers. 
 
 Nom. 2Me ^ranen, the women. 
 Gen. 2>er ^ranen, of the women, 
 Dat. 2>en ^ranen, to the women. 
 Ace. 2>te graueit, the women. 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 3Der Sate? tfi giittg* 2)er 23ruber ift fleifng* 2>er Sefyrer 
 
 The. father is kind. The brother is industrious. The teacher 
 
 if! in bent ©arten* Ser ©cfyteiber ill gefdjttft Eer Setter 
 
 is in to the garden. The tailor is skilful. The cousin 
 
 tft gefatfig* 2)er Sd)netber arkttet 2>er ©ofyn beg 
 
 is obliging. The tailor works. The son* of the 
 
 ©cfynetberg* 3Me %xau beg Setters £er ©djitler beg 
 
 tailor. The wife of the cousin. The pupil of the 
 
 £efyrerg* Der ©ebn Itebt ben Sater, Ser Sefyirter efyrt 
 
 teacher. The son loves the father. The pupil honours 
 
 ben ?efyrer, ®er SJKantt rnft ben gefynetber, Der Mnabe 
 
 the teacher. The man calls the tailor. - / The boy 
 
 get)crct)t bent Setter* £te gdpefler fofgt bent Setter. £>er 
 
 obeys to the father. The sister follows to the cousin. The 
 
 Schitler banft bent ?el)rer* 2)ag &ucf) gefallt bent ©cfynet* 
 
 pupil thanks to the teacher. The ©loth pleases to the tai- 
 
 ber* 
 
 lor. 
 
 The father is kind. The brother is industrious. The 
 teacher is in the garden. The tailor is skilful. The 
 cousin is obliging. The tailor is working. The son of 
 the tailor. The wife of the cousin. The pupil of the 
 teacher. The son loves the father. The pupil hon- 
 ours the teacher. The man calls the tailor. The boy 
 obeys the father. The sister follows the cousin. The 
 pupil thanks the teacher. The tailor likes the cloth.. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 35 
 
 din SSater* dhx -SBruber* din Seker* 3Me Ste&e etne3 
 
 A father. A brother. A teacher. The love of a 
 
 5Bater& £te &rene etneg ©rubers* 33ie 93?etbefce etneS 
 
 father. The faithfulness of a brother. The method of a 
 
 gefyrerS* Die Strbett etneS @ct}ttetber^. £a3 $tnb bat 
 
 teacher. The work of a tailor. The child has 
 
 etnen Safer* £te grew hat etnen ©ruber* Ser Sna&e bat 
 
 a father. The woman has a brother. The boy has 
 
 etnen ?ebrer* £er ©ruber fetutt etnen ©cfynetber* Die 
 
 a teacher. The brother knows a tailor. The 
 
 £od)ter geborcfyt einem Sater* £er $Kahe gefyordjt einem 
 
 daughter obeys to a father. The boy obeys to a 
 
 ?ebrer* £er 3?ccf gebort etnem Srfmetber* 
 
 teacher. The coat belongs to a tailor. 
 
 A father. A brother. A teacher. The love of a 
 father. The faithfulness of a brother. The method of 
 a teacher. The work of a tailor. The child has a 
 father. The woman has a brother. The boy has a 
 teacher. The brother is acquainted with a tailor. The 
 daughter obeys a father. The boy obeys a teacher. 
 The coat belongs to a tailor. 
 
 £er jgreitttfc tft treu* ®n gretmb tfl aufrtcfjttg. £te 
 
 The friend is faithful. A friend is upright. The 
 
 £reue eute£ grettttbe& Die ^ufrtdbtigfett beS greunbeS* 
 
 faithfulness of a friend. The uprightness of the friend. 
 
 2>er ©ruber fofgt bent greunbe* £er Sater t)ttft einem 
 
 The brother obevs to the friend. The father helps to a 
 
 greunbe* Ser Setter lo&t ben $reunb* 3cf) t)afce etnen 
 
 friend. The cousin praises the friend. I have a 
 
 greunb* 
 
 friend. 
 
 The friend is faithful. A friend is sincere. The 
 faithfulness of a friend. The sincerity of the friend. 
 The brother obeys the friend. The father helps a 
 friend. The cousin praises the friend. I have a friend. 
 
 £er SJKcmn tfl arm. din $flann i\t jiarf * Ser SJrjt tfl 
 
 The man is poor. A man is strong. The physician is 
 
 gefdjtcft* din Slrjt roar gegenn>arrtg* £er £t(cf) tfl alt* 
 
 skilful. A physician was present. The table is old, 
 
36 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 (Sin Ziffi tft f)ter. Ser £nnb tft tren- (£in £nnb if* 
 
 A table is here. The dog is faithful. A dog is 
 
 tt>ad)fant> Ser £nnb beg 9)?anneg* Sag *pferb cin^ 
 
 watchful. The dog of the man. The horse ot a 
 
 SWanneg* Ser patient beg Slrjteg* Ser 3?atl) eineg 
 
 man. The patient of the physician. The advice of a 
 
 Slrjteg. Ser ^Jreig beg gifcfyeg* Sie ©roge eineg £ifrf)eg* 
 
 physician. The price of the table. The size of a table. 
 
 Ser £err beg £nnbeg* Sag SSeKen eineg £nnbeg* Ser 
 
 The master of the dog. The barking of a dog. The 
 
 £tfrf) gefyort bent §D?anne* Sag $>ferfc gebort einent 9Kamte* 
 
 table belongs to the man. The horse belongs to a man. 
 
 Ser patient barift bent 2lrjte* Set patient ftricfyt ntit einem 
 
 The patient thanks to the physician. The patient speaks with to a 
 
 Strjte. Sag Surf) liegt auf et'nem £ifd)e. Ser £mtb tiegt 
 
 physician. The book lies on to a table. The dog lies 
 
 unter bent £ifd)e* Set SD?ann fpielt ntit bent jguitfce* Ser 
 
 under to the table. The man plays with to the dog. The 
 
 $nabe fpteft nttt einem £nnbe, 
 
 boy plays with to a dog. 
 
 The man is poor. A man is strong. The physician 
 is skilful. A physician was present. The table 
 is old. A table is here. The dog is faithful. A 
 dog is watchful. The dog of the man. The horse of 
 a man. The patient of the physician. The advice of 
 a physician. The price of the table. The size of a 
 table. The master of the dog. The barking of a dog. 
 The table belongs to the man. The horse belongs to a 
 man. The patient thanks the physician. The patient 
 is speaking to a physician. The book is lying on a ta- 
 ble. The dog is lying beneath the table. The man is 
 playing with the dog. The boy is playing with a 
 dog. 
 
 Sag 33nrf) ifl fdj&m ©it SWdfj ifl nnfelicf)- Sag &au# 
 
 The book is fine A book is useful. The house 
 
 ifl fceqnem. Ser Jnbaft ice 23nrf)eg. Ser 25erfaj]er eineg 
 
 is comfortable The contents of the book. The author of a 
 
 93itd)eg. Ser ©cjentfyitmer beg £aufeg* Ser ^)reig etneg 
 
 book. The owner of the house. The price of a 
 
 v^anfeg. Ser SSater Kept in bent SSncfre* Ser SSrnber 
 
 house. The father reads in to the bcok. The brother 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 87 
 
 Iteft ttt einem 93ncf)e* Tie SSKutter t(l in bent ftanfe. ^er 
 
 reads in to a book. The mother is in to the house. The 
 
 (gdntter bat em aSitcft* £er Statin bat cm $satt$. 
 
 student has a book. The man has a house. 
 
 The book is pretty. A book is useful. The house 
 is comfortable. The contents of the book. The au- 
 thor of a book. The owner of the house. The price 
 of a house. The father is reading in the book. The 
 brother is reading in a book. The mother is in the 
 house. The student has a book. The man has a 
 house. 
 
 £ie QRutter tjl jdrtfiri)* £ie SKutter nabet £te Sfebe 
 
 The mother is tender. The mother sews. The love 
 
 ber SEftntter* £ie Serge ber Gutter. £ie £ochter gteicfyt 
 
 of the mother The care of the mother. The daughter resembles 
 
 ber SWutter* £<*3 ^tnb geborcbt ber Gutter. £er Sebn 
 
 to the mother. The child obeys to the mother. The son 
 
 ebrt bie SKutter* Xa$ £inb licit bie Gutter. £ie Zed)* 
 
 honours the mother. The child lores the mother. The daugh- 
 ter tft fcfyoiu £ie gran ift jmig* dim £orf)ter ber gran* 
 
 ter is handsome. The woman is young. A daughter of the woman. 
 
 Xa$ Stkib enter £ecbter/ £ie Grrjtebmtg einer £ecfrter* 
 
 The dress of a daughter. The education of a daughter. 
 
 £er Sixidbt tcrmi bte gran + £er SKann bat eine Zcd)tex. 
 
 The boy knows the woman. The man has a daughter. 
 
 £te Gutter btift ber Xocbter- £er SSater gfanbt einer 
 
 The mother helps to the daughter. The father believes to a 
 
 £ocbter- 2M3 jfinb traut einer gran* £a£ ^inb bilft ber 
 
 daughter. The child trusts to a woman. The child helps to the 
 
 gran. £a$ SJKatdjen tobt eine gran, 
 
 woman. The girl praises a woman. 
 
 The mother is tender. The mother is sewing. 
 The love of the mother. The care of the mother. The 
 daughter resembles the mother. The child obeys the 
 mother. The son honours the mother. The child loves 
 the mother. The daughter is handsome. The woman 
 is young. A daughter of the woman. The dress of a 
 daughter. The education of a daughter. The boy is 
 acquainted with the woman. The man has a daugh- 
 ter. The mother assists the daughter. The father be- 
 
38 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 lieves a daughter. The child trusts a woman. The 
 child helps the woman. The girl praises a woman. 
 
 £a$ 5D?abd)en tjl befcfjeibett* @ut SiJidbcfyctt ift fyier* Sa^ 
 
 The girl is modest. A girl is here. The 
 
 SSetragen beg 9D?abrf)ettg* Dag $(eib eitteg 9D?abrf)ettg* Sag 
 
 conduct of the girl. The dress of a girl. The 
 
 $tnb gleicfyt bem 9D?cibd)en* Der ^ttabe fotgt eittem 
 
 child resembles to the girl. The boy follows to a 
 
 Sftdbcfyem Der SSruber Kebt bag 9)?abd)ett* Die gutter 
 
 girl. The brother loves the girl. The mother 
 
 fud)t em SKdbcfjett* Der ©piegel itf grog, ©n Spiegel 
 
 seeks a girl. The looking-glass is large. A looking-glass 
 
 tft jer6recWicf)* Der SiKafymen beg ©piegefg* Die @ri>£e 
 
 is fragile. The frame of the looking-glass. The size 
 
 eitteg (gptegefg* Der 9D?atttt flef>t fccr eittem ©piegeL 
 
 of a looking-glass. The man stands before to a looking-glass. 
 
 The girl is modest. A girl is here. The conduct of 
 the girl. The dress of a girl. The child resembles the 
 girl. The boy follows a girl. The brother loves the 
 girl. The mother is looking for a girl. The looking- 
 glass is large. A looking-glass is fragile. The frame 
 of the looking-glass. The size of a looking-glass. The 
 man is standing before a looking-glass. 
 
 Die gmttibe beg SEWamteS* Die fiaufer ber gremtbe* 
 
 The friends of the man. The houses of the friends. 
 
 Der SSruber tvaxxt ten greunbett, Der Mnabe raft bie grettttbe* 
 
 The brother trusts to the friends. The boy calls the friends. 
 
 Die £imbe bellett* Die gage jtnb lattg* 2)ie gifcfye jmb 
 
 The dogs bark. The days are long. The tables are 
 
 netu Ste gtettte fittb fyart Die ^pferbe ftttb fyitbfrf)* S5rittgett 
 
 new. The stones are hard. The horses are pretty. Bring 
 
 ©te ?irf)ter, Die gttte ftttb trodetu Der £err ber £uttbe* 
 
 They lights. The skins are dry. The master of the dogs 
 
 Der sprete ber Ziffie. Dag gutter ber ^pferbe* Der 
 
 The price of the tables. The feed of the horses. The 
 
 $ttabe gibt ben ^uttbett Staffer* Der grembe tarn fcor 
 
 boy gives to the dogs water. The stranger came before 
 
 brei gagett* Die <&tut)U nebft ten gifcfyem Der SKann 
 
 to three days. The chairs together with to the tables. The man 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 39 
 
 gtbt ben ^(erfcen &afer* Tex Syxx (cMcigt bte £unbe* £er 
 
 gives to the horses oats. The master strikes the dogs. The 
 
 (gefyrewer vetfauft Zii&e. $cb brauebe etntge gebem 
 
 cabinet-maker sells tables. I want several pens. 
 
 The friends of the man. The houses of the friends. 
 The brother trusts the friends. The boy calls the friends. 
 The dogs are barking. The days are long. The tables 
 are new. The stones are hard. The horses are pret- 
 ty. Bring some candles. The skins are dry. The 
 master of the dogs. The price of the tables. The feed 
 of the horses. The boy gives the dogs some water. 
 The stranger came three days ago. The chairs together 
 with the tables. The man gives the horses some oats. 
 The master strikes the dogs. The joiner sells tables. 
 I want a few pens. 
 
 Tie Sbbne ebren fcett Setter- Tie Kecfe fmb tteit. Tie 
 
 The sons honour the father. The coats are new. The 
 
 £utte ber Stnaben* 3Sfe gtubte fmb frequent* 2)tc fciibe 
 
 hats of the boys. The chairs are comfortable. The cows 
 
 ftnb ouf bent geibe. Tie grouett naben. Tie Sdwe(tent 
 
 are on to the field. The women sew. The sisters 
 
 be3 grembem Tie Zbiimx he$ §aitfe& Tie ©abeht ftnb 
 
 of the stranger. The doors of the bouse. The forks are 
 
 fptetg. Tex Sebtente ber Scbue* Tex %atb ber Sferjte* 
 
 pointed. The servant of the sons. The advice of the physicians. 
 
 2)ie garbe ber Syne. 33ie ®e(etf(cftaft ber grauen* Ta§ 
 
 The colour of the "hats. The company of the women. The 
 
 3tmmer ber 3dwejtenu Tie 2itle(fer ber Stbitren* ©er 
 
 room of the sisters. The locks of the doors. The 
 
 (Baft ber -33tnten* Tie %cidm ber ©abeln. 2>ft ^(etber 
 
 juice of the pears. The prongs of the forks. The clothes 
 
 geboren ben Sebneu* Tex patient fprid^t mft ben Slergtem 
 
 belong to the sons. The patient speaks with to the physicians. 
 
 Tex^ (ebonite nnter ben &ittem Tie banner }'amx anf 
 
 The finest among to the hats. The men sat upon 
 
 (Btttbiem ©eben Sie ten miben Syxu Tie banner 
 
 to chairs. Give They to the cows hay. The men 
 
 (dbmetcbelu ben grmietu Tie 83rufcer brtngeu ben Scbtte* 
 
 flatter to the women. The brothers bring to the sis- 
 
 (tern astumem Tie Sdbnbe (tauten &or ben Ztjmcn* 3d! 
 
 ters flowers. The shoes stood before to the doors. I 
 
 jtebe bte Slepfet ben Strnen wv. (3&fye W*0 
 
 draw the apples to the pears before, (Prefer.) 
 
40 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN* 
 
 The sons honour the father. The coats are new. 
 The hats of the boys. The chairs are comfortable. 
 The cows are in the field. The women are sewing* 
 The sisters of the stranger. The doors of the house. 
 The forks are pointed. The servant of the sons. The 
 advice of the physicians. The colour of the hats. The 
 company of the women. The room of the sisters. 
 The locks of the doors. The juice of the pears. The 
 prongs of the forks. The clothes belong to the sons. 
 The patient speaks to the physicians. The finest among 
 the hats. The men were sitting on chairs. Give the 
 cows some hay. The men flatter the women. The 
 brothers are bringing some flowers for the sisters. The 
 shoes stood before the doors. I prefer apples to pears. 
 
 £tej?rtafcettfptefetn £te fterren raudben. 35tc 90?abrf)ett 
 
 The boys play. The gentlemen smoke. The girls 
 
 tcrnjem SDte Ccbfen freflen. 3^te ftctfen foufem S5ie 
 
 dance. The oxen eat. The hares run. The 
 
 £emben jmb geroafchem £te timber tacfyetu £te ^fetter 
 
 shirts are washed. The children laugh. The clothes 
 
 jmb jerrtjiett. JBfe ©fafer jmb jerbrecfyetu £>te 23itd)er jmb 
 
 are torn. The -glasses are broken. The books are 
 
 imterbaftenb. 25tc £utf)er jTnb nap* 25fe Grftent ber 
 
 amusing. The handkerchiefs are wet. The parents of the 
 
 Rtiabett. S5ie ftiite ber £erren* 25ie (Bitten ber Srcmjo* 
 
 boys. The hats of the gentlemen. The manners of the French- 
 
 fetu Xa$ gutter ber Ccbfeiu SMegetfe ber $>a$w+ Ser 
 
 men. The feed of the oxen. The skins of the hares. The 
 
 3nbaft ber SSitrfjer* £er Cngetttbtmter ber £aitfer. £te 
 
 contents of the books. The owner of the nouses. The 
 
 SWafcdjen jpteten nttt ben ftnaben. 35ie Samett jpreefcen mit 
 
 girls play with to the boys. The ladies speak with 
 
 ben £errert. £te £imbe t)erfo(gen tie ftaferu 
 
 to the gentlemen. The dogs persecute the hares. 
 
 The boys are playing. The gentlemen are smoking. 
 The girls are dancing. The oxen are eating. The 
 hares are running. The shirts are washed. The chil- 
 dren laugh. The clothes are torn. The glasses are 
 broken. The books are amusing. The handkerchiefs 
 are wet. The parents of the boys. The hats of the 
 
EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 41 
 
 gentlemen. The manners of the Frenchmen. The 
 feed of the oxen. The skins of the hares. The con- 
 tents of the books. The owner of the houses. The 
 girls are playing with the boys. The ladies are speak- 
 ing with the gentlemen. The dogs persecute the hares. 
 
 Die Minbev $erretf?en bie Mieitev. ©nige fcon ten ^leibern 
 
 The children tear the clothes. Some of to the clothes 
 
 ftnb nen* Dte fterren trinfen am ben ©(dfern* Die ©tdfer 
 
 are new. The gentlemen drink out to the glasses. The glasses 
 
 ftnb rein. Die ftnaben tefen in ten SSiidjmu Die 9Wabrf)en 
 
 are clean. The boys read in to the books. The girls 
 
 nmfefjen bte &iicf)er+ dineg Don biefen §dnfew ifi aerfaufh 
 
 washed the handkerchiefs. One of to these houses is sold. 
 
 Die grcmen ftnb in ben ftaitfew* Die SKanner jmb abvoe* 
 
 The women are in to the houses. The men are ab- 
 
 fenb* ©ner Don ten SDJdnnern i]t bier. Die ©egetwart 
 
 sent. One of to the men is here. The presence 
 
 ber SSater ber ^inber. Die ^inber gebordjen ben SSdtern+ 
 
 of the fathers of the children. The children obey to the fathers. 
 
 Die 2d)tt>eflern bringen ben 33rnbern SSrob* Die 2d)tt>efiern 
 
 The sisters bring to the brothers bread. The sisters 
 
 toben bie SSriiber. Die gutter nnterricbten tie £od)ter* 
 
 praise the brothers. The mothers instruct the daughters. 
 
 Die £6d)ter jTnb ben SKfittem banfbar. Die 2Jepfe( ftnb 
 
 The daughters are to the mothers grateful. The apples are 
 
 reif. Die (gefyafen ber StepfeL (§3 ftnb 2Bnrmer in ben 
 
 ripe. The peels of the apples. It are worms in to the 
 
 aiepfefn* ©eben ©ie ntir bie Stepfef. Die ©drten geboren 
 
 apples. Give They to me the apples. The gardens belong 
 
 ten gtemjofen* Die ?age ber ©drten iftangenebm* ©ef)en 
 
 to the Frenchmen. The location of the gardens is pleasant. Go 
 
 (Bie in tie ©drten ? Xie SDefen ftnb beifL (£$ ifl gener 
 
 They into the gardens 1 The stoves are hot. It is fire 
 
 in ben Defen* $anfen Sie tie £)efen ? 
 
 in to the stoves. Buy They the stoves 1 
 
 The children tear the clothes. Some of the clothes 
 are new. The gentlemen are drinking out of the glas- 
 ses. The glasses are clean. The boys are reading in 
 the books. The girls washed the handkerchiefs. One 
 of these houses is sold. The women are in the houses. 
 The men are absent. One of the men is here. The 
 presence of the fathers of the children. The children 
 
42 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 obey the fathers. The sisters are bringing some bread 
 for the brothers. The sisters praise the brothers. The 
 mothers instruct the daughters. The daughters are 
 grateful towards the mothers. The apples are ripe. 
 The peels of the apples. Worms are in the apples. 
 Give me the apples. The gardens belong to the French- 
 men. The location of the gardens is pleasant. Do you 
 go (are you going) into the gardens ? The stoves are 
 hot. There is fire in the stoves. Do you buy the 
 stoves ? 
 
 Die 9D?dbrf)en fmb ffetf% Die %lamm ber tyflabdtjen. 
 
 The girls are industrious. The names of the girls. 
 
 Die gitdjer gefatlen ben SJidbcfyem 2>te grew lobt bte 
 
 The handkerchiefs please to the girls. The woman praises the 
 
 3D?dbd)etu 5Dte gender fmb offen* Die £of)e ber $enffer* 
 
 girls. The windows are open. The height of the windows. 
 
 Die Damen fefyett an$ ben gtnftern* 5D?adf)en ©ie bte gen* 
 
 The ladies look out to the windows. Make They the win- 
 der ju* 2Me 9D?effer finb jhtmpf. Die ©cfydrfe ber 5D?effer. 
 
 dows to. The knives are blunt. The sharpness of the knives. 
 
 Die $inber fcfyneiben ffd) mit ben 5D?effern* Die £efyrer 
 
 The children cut themselves with to the knives. The teachers 
 
 fyaben ©ebulb* Die ©emitter ber £efyrer* 9Btr fcegegneten 
 
 have patience. The pupils of the teachers. We met 
 
 bm ?ef)renn 2Bir ctcfyten bte Sefyrer* Ste ©cfyneiber 
 
 to the teachers. We esteem the teachers. The tailors 
 
 fcerferttgen JHecfe* Die ©efcfyitflicfyfeit ber ©cfyneiber* 
 
 make coats. The skill of the tailors. 
 
 Sejafyfen ©ie ben ©cfyneibern bte 9Wcfe+ 9?ufen ©te bte 
 
 Pay They to the tailors the coats. Call They the 
 
 ©cfyneiber. 33te ©critter fmb cutfmerffdm* Die SJnfgafcen 
 
 tailors. The students are attentive. The lessons 
 
 ber ©cfyiiler* Der Unterricfyt ift ben ©cfyitfern cmgenebnu 
 
 of the students. The instruction is to the pupils agreeable. 
 
 Der Sefyrer lobt bte ©cfyitfer* Die Serfaflfer ber S3iicf)er* Die 
 
 The teacher praises the pupils. The authors of the books. The 
 
 Stamen ber 23erfafler* 2Me ©gentfyitmer ber £dnfer* Die 
 
 names of the authors. The owners of the houses. The 
 
 9?ecf)te ber ©gentfyumer* Die gcjfel jmb fcfywer* Der 
 
 rights of the owners. The spoons are heavy. The 
 
 2§ertf) ber ?ojfel* Sie defter nnb ©afafa nebfl ben 
 
 value of the spoons. The knives and forks together with to the 
 
 ?6ffeln* Die 2eud)ter ftnb gepngt Die @ro$e ber 2entf)* 
 
 spoons. The candlesticks are cleaned. The size of the candle- 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 43 
 
 ter. Sinb ?tdf)te m ben Seucfjtero ? Die Spteget fmb 
 
 sticks. Are candles in to the candlesticks 1 The looking-glasses are 
 
 grog. Sxc Cabmen ber Spiegel* gifcfye fteben ttor ben 
 
 large. The frames of the looking-glasses. Tables stand before to the 
 
 Sptegeftt. ©efyett @ie bte ©ptegd ? 
 
 looking-glasses. See They the looking-glasses 1 
 
 The girls are industrious. The names of the girls. 
 The girls like the handkerchiefs. The woman praises 
 the girls. The windows are open. The height of the 
 windows, The ladies are looking out of the windows. 
 Shut the windows. The knives are blunt. The sharp- 
 ness of the knives. The children cut themselves with 
 the knives. The teachers have patience. The pupils 
 of the teachers. We met the teachers. We esteem 
 the teachers. The tailors make coats. The skill of the 
 tailors. Pay the tailors for the coats. Call the tailors. 
 The pupils are attentive. The lessons of the pupils. 
 The instruction is agreeable to the pupils. The teacher 
 praises the pupils. The authors of the books. The 
 names of the authors. The owners of the houses. 
 The rights of the owners. The spoons are heavy. 
 The value of the spoons. The knives and forks to- 
 gether with the spoons. The candlesticks are cleaned. 
 The size of the candlestick. Are candles in the candle- 
 sticks ? THe looking-glasses are large. The frames of 
 the looking-glasses. Tables are standing before the 
 looking-glasses. Do you see the looking-glasses ? 
 
 Die ©tent ber -SBraut Die greube ber dltevn. Die 
 
 The parents of the bride. The joy of the parents. The 
 
 $inber banfen ben @(tern* Der @ofm ebrt bte dltmu 
 
 children thank to the parents. The son honours the parents. 
 
 Die ?eate fmb neugierig* Die 9?eugierbe ber Zmte. 3cfy 
 
 The people are curious. The curiosity of the people. I 
 
 babe e3 von fcnefen Seutett gebort dv hunt mete Zeute* 
 
 have it from to many people heard. He knows many people. 
 
 Die Soften fmb grc£. Der SSetrag ber $ofiem t:a$ Un* 
 
 The expenses are great. The amount of the expenses. The un- 
 
 ternebmen i\t mit grcpen Sloften tterfnitpfh 9£?er fcejabft tie 
 
 dertaking is with great expenses connected. Who pays the 
 
44 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Uttfojleit ? @r that e$ cutf tnetne $eftem £ag $mb liebt 
 
 costs 1 He did it upon my costs. The child loves 
 
 feme ©efd)ttnjlet\ £ie ©efcfynnfter beg £tnbeg* £te 
 
 its brothers and sisters. The brothers and sisters of the child. The 
 
 ©egennxtrt ber ©cfd)tt>itfer be3 jtrmbem Mommm Ste mit 
 
 presence of the brothers and sisters of the boy. Come They with 
 
 3bren ©efrf}n>t|T:ern. 
 
 to Their brothers and sisters. 
 
 The parents of the bride. The joy of the parents. 
 The children thank the parents. The son honours the 
 parents. People are curious. The curiosity of the 
 people. I have heard it from many people. He is 
 acquainted with many people. The expense is great. 
 The amount of the expense. The undertaking is con- 
 nected with great expense. Who pays the expense ? 
 He did it at my cost. The child loves its brothers and 
 sisters. The brothers and sisters of the child. The 
 presence of the brothers and sisters of the boy. Come 
 with your brothers and sisters. 
 
 £ie Manfieute fmb retdn Ta$ 23ermogen ber Staufleute* 
 
 The merchants are wealthy. The fortune of the merchants. 
 
 Zvcnmx Sie ben ^aufleuten ? Mermen <Sie bte $anflente ? 
 
 Trust They to the merchants'? Know They the merchants'? 
 
 £te 3tnmter(eute tragen ^otj. Sag SBerfjeng ber 3wmer* 
 
 The carpenters carry wood. The tool of the carpen- 
 
 knte. Sprecben (gte tntt ben S^werfeuten* & fnd)t bte 
 
 ters. Speak They with to the carpenters. He seeks the 
 
 3immerleute. £te £anptlente fmb jnng* £te ^}ferbe ber 
 
 carpenters. The captains are young. The horses of the 
 
 £aupt(eute. 3d) fcegegnete ben £anptletttem 3d) ad)te bte 
 
 captains. I met to the captains. I esteem the 
 
 £ctnpt(ente* 
 
 captains. 
 
 The merchants are wealthy. The fortune of the 
 merchants. Do you trust the merchants ? Are you 
 acquainted with the merchants ? The carpenters are 
 carrying wood. The tool of the carpenters. Speak 
 with the carpenters. He is looking for the carpenters, 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 45 
 
 The captains are young. The horses of the captains. 
 I met the captains. I esteem the captains. 
 
 £te SSattfe fmb befegt ©it fapeu anf ben Sdnfem £te 
 
 The benches are occupied. We sat on to the benches The 
 
 ?dnge ber Sdnfe. £te S3anfen Don Kcw^orf* £te ©efchdfte 
 
 length of the benches. The banks of to New- York. The business 
 
 ber aScmfetu ®ne tfon ben SBanfen. £te SCbercn lacfyten* 
 
 of the banks. One of to the banks. The fools laughed. 
 
 Qa$ Seneftmen ber Zboven. £aS gejtel ben gbcren* 
 
 The conduct of the fools. That pleased to the fools. 
 
 Sttetben ©te bte Ztycven. £ie Zboxe jmb eflren. 3Me 9itegef 
 
 Avoid They the fools. The gates are open. The bolts 
 
 ber ZtjcYe. (2te ftcmben fcor ben Zhcxew. 3mi SSdnbe be3 
 
 of the gates. They stood before to the gates. Two volumes of the 
 
 s H3erfe3, £er 3nbalt ber jroei 93dnbe* ©n Sffierf in jmet 
 
 work. The contents of the two volumes. A work in to two 
 
 33anbetu £te SBdnber fmb bitbfrf). £ie #ar6en ber SSanber* 
 
 volumes. The ribbons are pretty. The colours of the ribbons. 
 
 (Sin £mt mtt 25dnbern* jfoitfett ®fc bte Sdnber* £te Saben 
 
 A bonnet with to ribbons. Buy They the ribbons. The shutters 
 
 fmb jer6rod)etu Grmcr ber*?abeiu &n genjter mtt Zaben. 
 
 are broken. One of the shutters. A window with to shutters. 
 
 (gin genjier obne ?aben* £>ie ?dben finb ojfeiu j)te 3?^ 
 
 A window without shutters. The shops are open. The number 
 
 ber ?dberu £>te SSerfaufer tft ben gdbeiu ©eben Ste in bte 
 
 of the shops. The sellers in to the shops. Go They into the 
 
 2dben* 
 
 shops. 
 
 The benches are occupied. We sat on the benches. 
 The length of the benches. The banks of New- York. 
 The business of the banks. One of the banks. The 
 fools laughed. The conduct of the fools. Avoid the 
 fools. The gates are open. The bolts of the gates. 
 They were standing before the gates. Two volumes of 
 the work. The contents of the two volumes. A work 
 in two volumes. The ribbons are pretty. The colours 
 of the ribbons. A bonnet with ribbons. Buy the 
 ribbons. The shutters are broken. One of the shutters. 
 A window with shutters. A window without shutters. 
 The shops are open. The number of the shops. The 
 sellers in the shops. Go into the shops. 
 
46 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 PROPER NAMES. 
 
 ^ Proper names preceded by ber, bte, ba$, or em, erne, 
 em are not inflected. 
 
 
 FEMININE. 
 
 
 Singular* 
 
 Nom. 
 Gen. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 £te Suite, Julia. 
 Ser Suite, of Julia. 
 Ser Suite, to Julia, 
 Sie Suite, Julia. 
 
 
 MASCULINE. 
 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. 
 Gen. 
 Dat. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Ser Mart, Charles, 
 Xe€ Sari, of Charles. 
 Sent $ctrl, to Charles. 
 Sen kail, Charles. 
 
 Proper names not preceded by ber, bte, ba$, or em, 
 dne, em are inflected. But the genitive is the only 
 case in which a change takes place. 
 
 In the gen. case, names of any gender generally take 
 € or *$♦ Only masculine names ending in g, frf), £, x, 
 and j, and feminine names ending in e, take en3 ; as, 
 
 FEMININE. 
 
 Singular, 
 
 Nom. (SftfabetB, Elizabeth, 
 
 Gen. (£ltfabetb% of Elizabeth. 
 
 Dat. ©tfabetb, to Elizabeth. 
 
 Ace. glifabetfy, Elizabeth. 
 
 MASCULINE. 
 
 Singular. 
 Nom. jtarl, Charles. 
 
 Gen. $arP3, of Charles, 
 Dat. $arf, to Charles. 
 Ace. Siavl, Charles. 
 
EASY LESSORS IN GERMAN. 47 
 
 FEMININE. 
 
 Singular. 
 Nom. Julie, Julia, 
 
 Gen. SifKeitg, of Julia, 
 Dat. gillie, to Julia, 
 Ace. Ju(te / Julia, 
 
 MASCULINE. 
 
 Singular. 
 Nom. 5 rait 5/ Francis, 
 
 Gen. $r aliens, of Francis, 
 Dat. ^ranj, to Francis, 
 Ace, ftranj, Francis, 
 
 EXERCISES. 
 
 Subttrig ijl jfeifftg* ©ertraub tfr tntfrfdv ftrtebrich ti! 
 
 Lewis is industrious. Gertrude is handsome. Frederick is 
 
 trdge* Diacbel ffngt* ^ariarretret. ?ctt*ennabct, gran§ 
 
 lazy. Rachel sings. Charles works. Little Charlotte sews. Francis 
 
 Krpfc Caroline tanjt -Sitotob roetnt SJtargarettya fricfr* 
 
 reads. Caroline dances. Adolphus weeps. Margaret embroiders. 
 
 gerbtnanb fptett Sctbie fdbreibt* gabttrig'g Climate tfr 
 
 Ferdinand plays. Sophia writes. Lewis' lesson is 
 
 rtefcttg. grtebrtcb^ SBater tfr franff $ratt|en3 53ttdb tfr 
 
 correct. Frederick's father is sick. Francis' book is 
 
 bu&fcK $arPg Sdfwefrer tft jung. CUbctbab^ Sanfrmtttb, 
 
 pretty. Charles'" sister is young. Adelaide's gentleness. 
 
 Sotrcfceitg ©ebittb. jtarclmene SSefcfyetben&eit. Sbrifria* 
 
 Little Charlotte's patience. Caroline's modesty. Christi- 
 
 nettg Stlugbeit. ^etetien^ g;fetf£ ©opfyteit^ Slufmerffamfetr- 
 
 ana's prudence. Helena's industrr. Sophia's attention. 
 
 granjtsfa'g JBrtef, Sor&ara'g -19unfa\ ©t(be(mmen£ 
 
 Frances' letter. Barbara's wish. V$ ilhelmina's 
 
 geftenbett Crdfabetb 1 ^ ©efefcitfttcfrfett* £ag Setrageti beg 
 
 beauty. Elizabeth's skill. The conduct of the 
 
 gitbtmg* ?ttbtt>tg 5 g £atet\ >yriebridb'g Scfwefrer* £te 
 
 Lewis. Lewis' father. Frederick's sister. The 
 
 SERutter beg ^nebneb, ^rar^etui Sftutf), ^Der Sbarafter 
 
 mother of the Frederick. Francis' courage. The character 
 
 beg gfamg* £er ©tolg beg mun^ ijyfcmjtsfa gefdllr ba3 
 
 or the Francis. The pride of the Francis. To Frances pleases the 
 
 -3?utfu Xa§ Meit gefofit ber fflcargaretbe, Sdrl febmetcbert 
 
 book: The dress pleases to the Margaret. Charles Matters 
 
48 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Suite. gxanj brutgt ber ®op()te etnen <&tnhl <&$)phie 
 
 to Julia. Francis brings to the Sophia a chair. Sophia 
 
 gfetdjt ber Qltfabetb. Sbuarb begegnete ber Slmafte* ^btttpp 
 
 resembles to the Elizabeth. Edward met to the Amelia. Philip 
 
 begegnete bem Siavl 21uguft gtbt bem grattj unb ber Caroline 
 
 met to the Charles. Augustus gives to the Francis and to the Caroline 
 
 gebern. pultpp retcbt ber Suite Sepbten3 £ut Siavl 
 
 pens. Philip reaches to the Julia Sophia's bonnet. Charles 
 
 ferntt Sopiue unb ©tlbelmme* Sofepb ruft grcmj unb 
 
 knows Sophia and Wilhelmina. Joseph calls Francis and 
 
 Caroline* SPiarte liebt Settcbeu. Slnton ruft ben Sbuarb* 
 
 Caroline. Maria loves little Charlotte. Anthony calls the Edward. 
 
 Lewis is industrious. Gertrude is handsome. 
 Frederick is lazy. Rachel is singing. Charles is work- 
 ing. Little Charlotte is sewing. Francis is reading 
 Caroline is dancing. Adolphus is weeping. Margaret 
 is embroidering. Ferdinand is playing. Sophia is 
 writing. Lewis' lesson is correct. Frederick's father 
 is sick. Francis' book is pretty. Charles' sister is 
 young. Adelaide's gentleness. Little Charlotte's pa- 
 tience. Caroline's modesty. Christiana's prudence. 
 Helena's industry. Sophia's attention. Frances' let- 
 ter. Barbara's wish. Wilhelmina's beauty. Eliza- 
 beth's skill. The conduct of Lewis. Lewis' father. 
 Frederick's sister. The mother of Frederick. Fran- 
 cis' courage. Francis' character. The pride of Fran- 
 cis. Frances likes the book. Margaret likes the 
 dress. Charles flatters Julia. Francis is bringing a 
 chair for Sophia. Sophia resembles Elizabeth. Ed- 
 ward met Amelia. Philip met Charles. Augustus 
 gives to Francis and Caroline some pens. Philip pre- 
 sents to Julia Sophia's bonnet. Charles is acquainted 
 with Sophia and Wilhelmina. Joseph is calling Fran- 
 cis and Caroline. Maria loves little Charlotte. Anthony 
 is calling Edward. 
 
 FAMILY NAMES. 
 
 fterr gutter* $tan Seder, grdulem SBBolf* ^refeffor 
 
 Mr. M. Mrs. B. 3Iiss W. Professor 
 
 ©cctijer* Softer Scbmtbt* £)ie tfinber be3 £errtt 9#- 
 
 M. ' Dr. S. The children of the " Mr. M. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 49 
 
 T<i$ ?cmbbau$ ber gran SaDtb* grtebrtrf) Den Scfyttfer'S 
 
 The country-house of the Mrs. D. Frederick Von Schiller's 
 
 SBerfe, ^aifer 9iapoteott*$ ?e6etu Sohatm ©eerg Sramt'S 
 
 works. Emperor Napoleon's life. John George Braun's 
 
 3ucferffefcereu grtebrtdf) SKartm 2BeIfd)'g SBterbrauereu 
 
 sugar-house. Frederick Martin W.'s brewery. 
 
 Saspar Michael gmPS ©enwrjteben; £ie gamilte SOBurriu 
 
 Caspar Michael F.'s grocery-store. The family W. 
 
 Mr. Miller. Mrs.- Becker. Miss Wolf. Professor 
 Mayer. Dr. Schmidt. The children of Mr. M. The 
 country-house of Mrs. D. Frederick Von Schiller's 
 works. The life of the Emperor Napoleon. John 
 George Brown's sugar-house. Frederick Martin 
 Welsh's brewery. Caspar Michael Fink's grocery- 
 store. The family of Worm. 
 
 NAMES OF COUNTRIES, CITIES, PLACES, AND RIVERS. 
 
 Only the genitive case is indicated by the termination 
 & 5 the other cases are like the nominative. Instead of 
 the genitive case, the preposition Den, which governs the 
 dative, is often used, especially with those names which 
 end in e, fd), and 3, and therefore cannot be inflected in 
 the genitive. 
 
 9?eto^erf 3 ftanbeL S3oiIen'S 3?eid>tl)irau ^btfabefpbia'3 
 
 New-York's commerce. Boston's wealth. Philadelphia's 
 
 Umgebungeiu ?enbon'3 ©rope, £ie SSelWmenge Den ?j}arfe* 
 
 environs. London's extent. The population of Paris. 
 
 2Me jlentgm Don Gnigfanb* ?5te ?age Den S3eften* £er 
 
 The Queen of England. The location of Boston. The 
 
 Sytfen wn 3tett)^orf; tyennfyli*amtn r $ $oMenbergn>erfe* 
 
 port of New- York. Pennsylvania's coal-mines. 
 
 33te SDftutbmtg be3 Sflputd. 2Me Ufer be3 93ttfilf}Tppt^g(uffe^. 
 
 The mouth of the Rhine. The banks of the Mississippi River. 
 
 ^ranffurt am 9D?atm Dteifert ©te nadj £entfd)(anb? @r 
 
 Frankfort oh to the Main. Travel They after to Germany 1 He 
 
 femmt Den granfretdn dv rear in (rngfanb* Ste famen 
 
 comes from to France. He was in to England. They came 
 
 von SRugfcnb* 3d) mar in ^>arR Sinb ©te m gonbott 
 
 from to Russia. I was in to Paris. Are They in to London 
 
 gemefen ? SBBrr reif ten Den SESten nacf) -^rag, Den SSarfdjau 
 
 been 1 We travelled from to Vienna after to Prague, from to Warsaw 
 
 3 
 
50 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 nacf) speter^fcurg, bon 9iett>*2Jorf narf) spfytfabefyfyia, Don 
 
 after to Petersburgh, from to N. Y. after to P., from 
 
 23ojbn nadj fyalifav. 
 
 to B. after to H. 
 
 New-York's commerce. Boston's wealth. Phila- 
 delphia's environs. London's extent. The population 
 of Paris. The Queen of England. The situation of 
 Boston. The port of New-York. Pennsylvania's 
 coal-mines. The mouth of the Rhine. The banks of 
 the Mississippi. Frankfort on the Main. Do you 
 travel to Germany ? He comes from France. He was 
 in England. They came from Russia. I was in Paris. 
 Have you been in London ? We travelled from Vienna 
 to Prague, from Warsaw to Petersburgh, from New- 
 York to Philadelphia, from Boston to Halifax. 
 
 
 
 PRONOUNS. 
 
 
 
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS, 
 
 
 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 34 
 
 bn, 
 
 er> fie, ti, 
 
 
 h 
 
 thou, 
 
 he, she, it. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 meuter, 
 
 bemer, 
 
 femer, threr, femer or beffen, 
 
 
 of me, 
 
 of thee, 
 
 of him, of her, of it. 
 
 DAT. 
 
 mir. 
 
 btt> 
 
 ibm, tbr, ibm or bemfeftetr* 
 
 
 to me ? 
 
 to thee, to him, to her, to it. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 mid), 
 
 feidj. 
 
 ibtt, fie, e3 or baffelbe, 
 
 
 me, 
 
 thee, 
 
 him, her, it. 
 PIuraL 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 ifyr, 
 
 (Ste (©), fie (f) or biefef&ett, 
 
 
 we, 
 
 you, 
 
 you, they. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 smfer, 
 
 eaer, 
 
 SftfW (3)/ ty*« (t) or brrfef6ett, 
 
 
 of us, 
 
 of you 
 
 , of you, of them. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Ung, 
 
 end), 
 
 Sfyttm (3)/ tf)nett (i) or fcettfetteit, 
 
 
 to us, 
 
 to you, 
 
 , to you, to them. 
 
 Acc. 
 
 mt$, 
 
 end), 
 
 ®ie (©), fie (f) or biefel&ett, 
 
 
 us, 
 
 you, 
 
 you, them. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 51 
 
 3rf) bin gufrtefcetu 25it bift gitttg. Qx ift fleigtg* ®ie xfl 
 
 I am content. Thou art kind. He is industrious. She is 
 
 jung. S3 tft bubfetn Sd) lefc, 25« baft fRpfyt. @r fcfyretbt 
 
 young. It is pretty. I read. Thou hast right. He writes, 
 
 ©ie j&tgfc Se gefctUt mix. <2ie fcergag meiner* Crr gebacbte 
 
 She sings. It pleases to me. She forgot of me. He thought 
 
 bemet\ Sie tft femer ttttrbtg* dx Hi ibxex tmtrbig, 3* bin 
 
 of thee. She is of him worthy. He is of her worthy. I am 
 
 befien gettng* ©eben Ste mtr gefdUtgji mem S3ucft. Srf) 
 
 of it certain. Give They to me most pleasingly my book. I 
 
 gefre bar 3*tcfer. 2£ e ? ffW ^ m ?twa$ ? * Seiben ®ie ibr 
 
 give to thee sugar. Who gives to him anything 1 Lend They to her 
 
 emeu Dollar* Sie gift ibm (bem jvinbe) 32aijer* Bennett 
 
 a dollar. She gives to it (to the child) water. Know 
 
 gie mid)? 3d) ferae fctd). Xex fixate femtt ibn* Scfj 
 
 They me 1 I know thee. The boy knows him. I 
 
 liebe fte* SKefcmen Sie eg. 22ir fnib fertig* Sfyr feib 
 
 love her. Take They it. We are done. You are 
 
 gefdllig* Sie (S) jmb gittig* Sie (f) jTnb fletgtg. ©cfyoueit 
 
 obliging. They are kind. They are industrious. Spare 
 
 gie uttfer. @r fdjcitte euet\ @t gebacftte 3brer* @r 
 
 They of us. He spared of you. He thought of Them. He 
 
 fpettete ibret\ Sljr 33efucb tji mtS attgenebnu Die Dame 
 
 mocked of them. Their visit is to us agreeable. The lady 
 
 tjpt end) baixtbav. 3cf) tin 3btten febr aerfcimteiu 3rf> 
 
 is to you grateful. I am to Them very obliged. I 
 
 fcegegttete ibrtem Der (Stallfnecht gab ibtten (ben -<pferfcen) 
 
 met to them. The ostler gave to them (to the horses) 
 
 £eu* 
 
 hay. 
 
 I am content. Thou art kind. He is industrious. 
 She is young. It is pretty. I am reading. Thou art 
 right. He is writing. She is singing. I like it. She 
 forgot me. He remembered thee. She is worthy of 
 him. He is worthy of her. I am certain of it. Give 
 me my book, if you please. I give thee some sugar, 
 Who gives him anything ? Lend her a dollar. She 
 gives it (the child) some water. Do you know me ? 
 I know thee. The boy knows him, I love her. Take 
 it. We are done. You are obliging. You are kind. 
 They are industrious. Spare us. He spared you. He 
 remembered you. He mocked at them. Your visit is 
 agreeable to us. The lady is thankful to you. I am 
 
52 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 very much obliged to you. I met them. The ostler 
 gave them (the horses) some hay. 
 
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 mm 
 
 metne, 
 
 mem, 
 
 my. 
 
 £em, 
 
 betne, 
 
 betn, 
 
 thy. 
 
 ©em, 
 
 feme, 
 
 fem, 
 
 his, its, 
 
 3&r, 
 
 tyre, 
 
 tf)r, 
 
 her. 
 
 ilnfer, 
 
 mtfere, 
 
 unfer, 
 
 our. 
 
 @uer, 
 
 enre, 
 
 ener, 
 
 your. 
 
 3f)r, 
 
 Sire, 
 
 3f>r, 
 
 your. 
 
 Sfyr, tyre, it>r, their. 
 
 DECLENSION OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 
 Masc, 
 
 Fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 Nom. 
 
 SKein, 
 
 metne, 
 
 mem, 
 
 my 
 
 Gen. 
 
 3Dcemeg, 
 
 memer, 
 
 nteme3, 
 
 of my. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 9Memem, 
 
 memer, 
 
 metnem, 
 
 to my. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 SKeinen, , 
 
 metne, 
 
 ntetn, 
 
 my. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 Nom. ?0?etne, my. 
 Gen. Reiner, of my. 
 Dat. SKetnen, to my. 
 Ace. Sfteute, my. 
 
 It will be observed that the declension of mem cor- 
 responds to that of either the definite or indefinite arti- 
 cle ; the terminations being, 
 
 Singular. 
 
 1. e3, in the genitive, masculine and neuter ; like eme3, 
 be3. 
 
 2. em, in the dative, masculine and neuter ; like ernem, 
 bem. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 53 
 
 3. en, in the accusative, masculine ; like einen, ben. 
 
 4. er, in the genitive and dative, feminine ; like einer, 
 ber* 
 
 5. The accusative, feminine and neuter, being the re- 
 spective nominatives ; like erne and em, bte, ba$. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 1. e, in the nominative and accusative 5 like bie* 
 
 2. er, in the genitive ; like ben 
 
 3. en, in the dative ; like ben. 
 
 The rest of the above pronouns are declined in the 
 same manner. 
 
 SOZetn Sater. SKcme Gutter. 5>Jem $mb* £em SSruber, 
 
 My father. My mother. My child. Thy brother, 
 
 Seine @rf)tt>ef?er* £ein 35ncfy* Setn ©ofyn* <2eme £orf)* 
 
 Thy sister. Thy book. His son. His daugh- 
 
 ter* ©em spferb. 3fyr (&emai)l Sfyre Xante. 2#r £er$* 
 
 ter. His horse. Her husband. Her aunt. Her heart. 
 
 Unfer grennb* Unfre grennbim Unfer $2au$. Qnex iefy 
 
 Our friend. Our friend. Our house. Your teach- 
 
 rer* @nre SRacfyfcaruu duct ftelb. Sfyr (3) £nnb* Sfyre (3) 
 
 er. Your neighbour. Your field. Your dog. Your 
 
 ®a&. S^r (3) @d)af. 3*>r (i) SOBagett. 3l)re (i) ©tube. 
 
 cat. Your sheep. Their carriage. Their room. 
 
 Sbr (t) £ud). 
 
 Their cloth. 
 
 My father. My mother. My child. Thy brother. 
 Thy sister. Thy book. His son. His daughter. His 
 horse. Her husband. Her aunt. Her heart. Our 
 (male) friend. Our (female) friend. Our house. Your 
 teacher. Your (female) neighbour. Your field. Your 
 dog. Your cat. Your sheep. Their carriage. Their 
 room. Their cloth. 
 
 £a£ Sitter tnemeg Setters 2>te Saxtli&teit metner WluU 
 
 The age of my father. The tenderness of my mo- 
 
 ter. £>te $Ingl)eit weine3 $mbe^ £a3 23ncfy beme$ 33m* 
 
 ther. The prudes gt my child. The book of thy bro- 
 
54 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 berg* Ser ©efattg bettter ©cfytoefter* Sag $(etb beuteg 
 
 ther. The song of thy sister. The dress of thy 
 
 9!#abd)eng* Sag S3etragen fetneg ©ofytteg* Ste (grjtefymtg 
 
 girl. The conduct of his son. The education 
 
 fetner £od)ter* Sag SOBtefyern fetneg ^Pferbeg* Ste SJJJetmtttg 
 
 of his daughter. The neighing of his horse. The opinion 
 
 tfyreg ©emafyfg* Sag 23ermogett tfyrer Xante. Ste garbe 
 
 of her husband. The fortune of her aunt. The colour 
 
 ifyreg ^leibeg. Ste (Styre itttfreg gretmbeg* Sie ?tebeng* 
 
 of her dress. The honour of our friend. The amiable- 
 
 ttntrbtgfett wtfrer gremtbtm Ste ?age unfreg £>aufeg* 
 
 ness of our (female) friend. The location of our house. 
 
 Ste ®ebulb eureg £efyrerg* Ste ©efdKtgfett eurer 9?ad)* 
 
 The patience of your teacher. The complaisance of your (female) 
 
 &arm* Ste grudjtbarfett eureg gefoeg* Sag SSeKett 3t)reg 
 
 neighbour. The fertility of your field. The barking of Their 
 
 £imbeg. Sag gett 3f>m Ma&> Ste ffiolfe 3breg ©djafeg* 
 
 dog. The skin of Their cat. The wool of Their sheep. 
 
 Ser spretg tfyreg SOBagettg* Ste genfter tfyrer <5tube. Ste 
 
 The price of their carriage. The windows of their room. The 
 
 gar&e tfyreg gttdjeg; 
 
 colour of their cloth. 
 
 The age of my father. The tenderness of my mo- 
 ther. The prudence of my child. The book of thy 
 brother. The song of thy sister. The dress of thy 
 girl. The conduct of his son. The education of his 
 daughter. The neighing of his horse. The opinion of 
 her husband. The fortune of her aunt. The colour of 
 her dress. The honour of our friend. The amiable- 
 ness of our (female) friend. The location of our house. 
 The patience of your teacher. The complaisance of 
 your (female) neighbour. The fertility of your field. 
 The barking of your dog. The skin of your cat. The 
 wool of your sheep. The price of their carriage. The 
 windows of their room. The colour of their cloth. 
 
 ©predjen ©te mit memem 23ater* 3d) gefyordje memer 
 
 Speak They with to my father. I obey to my 
 
 gutter* 3d) gebe memem $mbe S3rob> Su btft bemern 
 
 mother. I give to my child bread. Thou art to thy 
 
 SSruber treu. 3d) fcegegnete bettter ©djmefter* Ser $nabe 
 
 brother faithful. I met to thy sister. The boy 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 55 
 
 fprtcftt mit beinem Sttafcchen* @r ging mit feinem ©obne 
 
 speaks with to thy girl- He "went with to his son 
 
 fpajteren. @r faiifte fetner £ecbter emeu £uh @r gab femem 
 
 to walk. He bought to his daughter a hat. He gave to his 
 
 spferbe Safer. £ie gran fpricbt mit ibrem 9tad)6ar* ©cmc 
 
 horse oats. The woman speaks with to her neighbour. His 
 
 Zod)tev tt>obnt bet ibrer Xante, ©ie ijl in ibrem gimmev. 
 
 daughter lives at to her aunt. She is in to her room. 
 
 2Qir macfyen nnferm grennbe etnen 23efndb* Sffiir geben gu 
 
 We make to our friend a visit. We go to 
 
 unfrer @ro£ mntter* £G3er jiefit Dor unferm ijaufe ? 
 
 to our grandmother. Who stands before to our house 1 
 
 ©ebordjet enrem Sebrer* Stenet enrer ytadjbarin. 3d) 
 
 Obey to your teacher. Serve to your (female) neighbour. I 
 
 tt>ar in enrent 3inimer. ©eben ©ie 3brem ftnnbe SBBaffer. 
 
 was in to your room. Give They to Their dog water. 
 
 3br ^nnb'fn^t mit %hvev $a£e* ©eben ©ie 3brem ©djafe 
 
 Their dog eats with to Their cat. Give They to Their sheep 
 
 ©al$ ? 20er ff£t in ibrem SBBagen ? ©inb fie in ibrer 
 
 salt ] Who sits in to their carriage 1 Are they in to their 
 
 ©tnbe ? (i$ ift ein 2cd) in ibrem £nd)e* 
 
 room 1 It is a hole in to their cloth. 
 
 Speak with my father. I obey my mother. I give 
 my child bread. Thou art faithful to thy brother. I 
 met thy sister. The boy speaks with thy child. He 
 took a walk with his son. He bought his daughter a 
 bonnet. He gave his horse some oats. The woman 
 speaks to her neighbour. His daughter lives with her 
 aunt. She is in her room. We pay a visit to our 
 friend. We are going to our grand-mother's. Who is 
 standing before our house ? Obey your teacher. Oblige 
 your neighbour. I was in your room. Give your dog 
 some water. Your dog is eating with your cat. Do 
 you give your sheep some salt ? Who is sitting in their 
 carriage ? Are they in their room ? There is a hole 
 in their cloth. 
 
 3d) ebre memett SBater* 3d) licit metne 9D?ntter* 3d) 
 
 I honour mv father. I love my mother. I 
 
 beftrafe mein SLixib. 3d) ad)te beinen 23rnber* SBarum 
 
 punish my child. I esteem thy brother. Why 
 
56 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 tabeft cr beine ©df)tt>ef?er ? $ennt fte bein 9D?dbrf)en ? 3cf) 
 
 blames he thy sister 1 Knows she thy girl 1 I 
 
 xmterricfyte feinen ©ofyn* ?ieben ©ie feine £cd)ter? @r 
 
 instruct his son. Love They his daughter! He 
 
 fcerfcwft fern $ferb* $ennen ©ie tfyren ©entail ? ©ie he* 
 
 sells his horse. Know They her husband 1 She visit. 
 
 fudf)te tbre Xante. 5Hufen ©ie unfern greunb* 253ir fcfya^en 
 
 ed her aunt. Call They our friend. We esteem 
 
 mtfre greunbim 2Btr ttertafien unfer S>au$. S ra 9 et euren 
 
 our (f.) friend. We leave our house. Ask your 
 
 ?ef)rer* ©ritfjet enre 5Ttadh6arm. ^ftitget euer getb* Sffiarum 
 
 teacher. Salute your (f.) neighbour. Till your field. Why 
 
 fcf)(agen ©ie ^tjvcn £unb ? Ser £nnb bei^t 3ftre $a£e* 
 
 beat They Their dog! The dog bites Their cat. 
 
 Saffcn ©ie 3^r ©cfyaf fcfyeren ? (2afifen ©ie fcfyeren ?) 
 
 Let They Their sheep to fleece 1 (Do They cause to be fleeced!) 
 
 ©teltefen t^ren SBctgen an^befterm (©ie tiefSen aitgbeffertu) 
 
 They let their carriage to repair. (They caused to be repaired.) 
 
 ©ie fefyren ifyre ©tu6e au$* ©ie jerfcfyneiben tfyr £ucf)* 
 
 They sweep their room out. They cut their cloth. 
 
 I honour my father. I love my mother. I punisj 
 my child. I esteem thy brother. Why does he blame 
 your sister ? Does she know thy child ? I instruct his 
 son. He sells his horse. Do you know her husband ? 
 She called upon her aunt. Call our friend. We esteem 
 our (f.) friend. We leave our house. Ask your teach- 
 er. Salute your (f.) neighbour. Till your field. Why 
 do you strike your dog? The dog bites your cat. 
 Have your sheep fleeced. They had their carriage 
 repaired. They sweep their room. They cut their 
 cloth. 
 
 QWeute F SBritber* Wlem ©d)tt>ej?enu 9D?eine $mber* 
 
 My brothers. My sisters. My children. 
 
 (Tetne ©ofyne* ©erne Zbd)tev. Seine *pferbe. Seine 
 
 } s sons. His daughters. Thy horses. Thy 
 
 i rennbe* Sfyre greunbinnem 3fyre ©pifeem Unfere ftctit* 
 
 i ends. Her (f.) friends. Her laces. Our hou- 
 
 f tv Unfre 9ictrf)barm dure £unbe. (£nre ©anfe. Sbre 
 
 s s. Our neighbours. Your dogs. Your geese. Their 
 
 i feiber* 3fy*e %itnmzt. 3bre (i) 23M)er* %bve (i) SSogeL 
 
 clothes. Their rooms. Their books. Their birds. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 57 
 
 £ne ©efetffcfyxft metner gremtbe* £er ?ebrer beiner gcfyfte* 
 
 The company of my friends. The teacher of thy sis- 
 
 ftertt £er 2Bert() feiner §dnfer* @te frf)dntt ffcf) ibrer 
 
 ters. The value of his houses. She shames herself of her 
 
 gebfer. Die 3qljt unfrer SSefcmnten* £er SSetrag Sbrer 
 
 faults. The number of our acquaintances. The amount of Their 
 
 tyiufyahm. Srf) bin mit meinen Scfyitfern jnfrieben* 3d) 
 
 expenses. I am with to my pupils content. I 
 
 biene memen grennbinnen* Ser Stttaht brcbete beinen 
 
 serve to my (f.) friends. The boy threatened to thy 
 
 SSriibent. @r txaut feinen SSebtcttten* Sie bcmfte ibren 
 
 brothers. He trusts to his servants. She thanked to her 
 
 28oMtf)aterm SfSir belfen nnfern 9Sertt>anbtetu ©eborcfyet 
 
 benefactors. We help to our relations. Obey 
 
 enren ©tern* Sergeben @ie Sbren geinben ? Die 9ftabtf)en 
 
 to your parents. Forgive They to Their enemies 1 The girls 
 
 <Tnb bet ibren grennbinnem 23ringen Sie meine 3^tnngen ? 
 
 are at to their (f.) friends. Bring They my newspapers 1 
 
 23rcmd)en Sie meine gebern ? gfttterfi Xn beine SSogel ? 
 
 Want They my pens 1 Feedest Thou thy birds 1 
 
 3etge mir beine fBfantetu @r bejablt feine Scbnlben. ©ie 
 
 Show to me thy flowers. He pays his debts. She 
 
 tt>cifd)t ibre ^inber. Sffiir n>e£en nnfre SCJtefler. 2Gir fyaben 
 
 washes her children. We whet our knives. We have 
 
 enre ©emdfbe gefebem Die $inber (ernen ibre 2(nf* 
 
 your portraits seen. The children learn their les- 
 
 gaben* 
 
 My brothers. My sisters. My children. His sons. 
 His daughters. Thy horses. Thy friends. Her (f.) 
 friends. Her laces. Our houses. Our neighbours. 
 Your dogs. Your geese. Your clothes. Your rooms. 
 Their books. Their birds. The company of my friends. 
 The teacher of thy sisters. The value of his houses. 
 She is ashamed of her faults. The number of our ac- 
 quaintances. The amount of your expenses. I am 
 satisfied with my pupils. I serve my (f.) friends. The 
 boy threatened thy brothers. He trusts his servants. 
 She thanked her benefactors. We help our relations. 
 Obey your parents. Do you forgive your enemies ? 
 The girls are with their friends. Do you bring my 
 newspapers ? Do you want my pens ? Dost thou feed 
 thy birds ? Show me thy flowers. He pays his debts. 
 3* 
 
58 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 She washes her children, 
 have seen your portraits, 
 their lessons. 
 
 We whet our knives. We 
 The children are learning 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 SWemer or 
 ber metmge, 
 
 Seiner or 
 ber betmge, 
 
 (Seiner or 
 ber fetmge, 
 
 Sfyrer or 
 ber tbrtge, 
 
 Unferer or 
 ber unfrtge, 
 
 Surer or 
 ber eurtge, 
 
 3ftrer or 
 ber Sfyrtge, 
 
 3ftrer or 
 ber tfyrtge, 
 
 Feminine, 
 
 meme or 
 bte metmge, 
 
 beme or 
 bte betmge, 
 feme or 
 bte fetmge, 
 
 tftre or 
 bte tfmge, 
 
 unfere or 
 bte unfrtge, 
 
 eure or 
 bte eurtge, 
 
 3&re or 
 bte Sfyrtge, 
 
 tftre or 
 bte tfyrtge, 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 metneg or 
 ba^ metmge, 
 
 betneg or 
 ba$ betmge, 
 
 fetneg or 
 bag fetmge, 
 
 tfyreS or 
 
 bag tfyrtge, 
 
 unfereg or 
 bag unfrtge, 
 
 eureg or 
 bag eurtge, 
 
 3breg or 
 bag Sfyrtge, 
 
 tbreg or 
 bag tfyrtge, 
 
 DECLENSION. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Nom. 5Wetncr, 
 
 Gen. ?Q?etneg, 
 
 Dat. gjjemem, 
 
 Ace. SDJeinen, 
 
 Neut. 
 
 metneg, 
 metneg, 
 metnem, 
 metneg, 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 meme, 
 meiner, 
 metner, 
 meme, 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 Nom. 9)?eme, mine. 
 
 Gen. Reiner, of mine. 
 
 Dat. 9Ketnen,to mine. 
 
 Ace. 9){etne, mine. 
 
 mine. 
 
 thine. 
 
 his, its. 
 
 hers. 
 
 ours. 
 
 yours. 
 
 yours. 
 
 theirs. 
 
 mine, 
 of mine, 
 to mine. 
 
 mine. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 59 
 
 Obs. The above declension corresponds to that of 
 the definite article. Seiner, [enter, ibrer, &c., are de- 
 clined in the same manner. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Nom 
 
 Gen 
 
 Ser meintge, bie meinige, ba$ meinige, mine. 
 
 £e£ meinigen, bermeinigen, be3 meinigen, of mine. 
 
 Dat. £em meinigen, bermeinigen, bem metnigen, to mine. 
 
 Ace. Sen metnigen, bie meinige, ba$ meinige, mine. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 Nom. Ste meinigen, mine. 
 Gen. Ser meinigen, of mine. 
 Dat. Sen metnigen, to mine. 
 Ace. Ste meinigen, mine. 
 
 Obs. The above declension corresponds to that of 
 adjectives preceded by the definite article. See declen- 
 sion of adjectives. £er beinige, ber fetrnge, ber tfyrige, 
 &c, are declined in the same manner. 
 
 2f)t £cf)£ unb meiner (ber metntge). 3bre Rub unb 
 
 Their ox and mine (the mine). Their cow and 
 
 meine (bie meinige)* Sbr $)ferb unb meine£ (ba$ meinige)* 
 
 mine (the mine). Their horse and mine (the mine). 
 
 Sftettt ftunb unb beiner (ber beinige)* 9tteine 3iege unb beine 
 
 My dog and thine (the thine). My goat and thine 
 
 (bie beinige). tylein Scfyaf unb beineg (ba$ beinige). Setn 
 
 (the thine). My sheep and thine (the thine). Thy 
 
 SSogef ober fetner (ber feintge) ? Seine @an£ ober feine (bie 
 
 bird or his (the his) 1 Thy goose or his (the 
 
 feintge) ? £em S?\ibn ober feitte^ (ba3 feintge) ? &cin pt* 
 
 his) 1 Thy chicken or his (the his) 1 His popin- 
 
 pagei ober ibrer (ber tfyrige) ? Seine SftacfjtigaK ober ibre 
 
 jay or hers (the hers) 1 His nightingale or hers 
 
 (bie tbrtge) ? getn fterj ober ibre3 (ba3 ibrige) ? 3f)r SGBatb 
 
 (the hers) 1 His heart or hers (the hers) 1 Their forest 
 
 ober unferer (ber unfrige). Sfyre SBiefe unb unfere (bie 
 
 or ouri (the ours). Their meadow and ours (the 
 
 unfrige)* SJjr %db unb unfere^ (ba$ unfrige)* Uufer ZaUrf 
 
 ours). Their field and ours Uhe ours), Our tobacco 
 
60 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 unb eaerer (ber eurige)* llnfere SScmmwotte mtb eure (bte 
 
 and yours (the yours). Our cotton and yours (the 
 
 earige)* Unfer $ot$ nnb eureg (bag eurtge)* ttttfer Slrjt 
 
 yours. Our wood and yours (the yours). Our physician 
 
 imb 3fyrer (ber Sfyrtge)* Unfere ©emeinbe imb 3bre (bie 
 
 and Theirs (the Theirs). Our congregation and Theirs (the 
 
 Sbrtge). Unfer ?<mb unb Sbreg (bag 3brige)* @uer SSrunnen 
 
 Theirs). Our country and Theirs (the Theirs). Your well 
 
 imb tfyrer (ber ifyrtge). Seme ©tube unb bte ibrtge (tyre), 
 
 and theirs (the theirs). His room and the theirs (theirs). 
 
 ©em JjcmS unb xf>re^ (bag ibrtge). 
 
 His house and theirs (the theirs). 
 
 Your ox and mine. Your cow and mine. Your 
 horse and mine. My dog and thine. My goat and 
 thine. My sheep and thine. Thy bird or his ? Thy 
 goose or his ? Thy chicken or his ? His popinjay or 
 hers ? His nightingale or hers ? His heart or hers ? 
 Your forest or ours ? Your meadow and ours. Your 
 field and ours. Our tobacco and yours. Our cotton 
 and yours. Our wood and yours. Our physician and 
 yours. Our congregation and yours. Our country and 
 yours. Your well and theirs. His room and theirs. 
 His house and theirs. 
 
 SSebienen ©te fed) 3breg fojfetg cber memeg (beg met* 
 
 Serve They themselves of Their spoon or of mine (of the 
 
 ntgen) ? ©mb ©te 3breg $?efferg eber meineg (be3 meimgen) 
 
 mine) 1 Are They of Their knife or of mine (of the mine) 
 
 benothigt ? SSebitrfen ©ie Sbrer ©cbere ober metner (ber 
 
 needed 1 Need They of Their scissors or of mine (of the 
 
 meimgen) ? ©ebacfyte er memeg Sruberg ober 3breg (beg 
 
 mine) 1 Thought he of my brother or of Theirs (of the 
 
 3t)rigen)? SSebarf er meineg D?atbeg ober 3breg (beg 
 
 Theirs)'? Needs he of my advice or of Theirs (of the 
 
 3brtgen) ? ©pottet er meiner ©djwejter ober 3brer (ber 
 
 Theirs) 1 Mocks he of my sister or of Theirs (of the 
 
 Sbrtgen) ? ($v ffionte Sbrer greunbin imb imferer (ber 
 
 Theirs) 1 He spared of Their (f.) friend and of ours (of the 
 
 nnfrtgen)* 3d) erutnere mid) femeg S3efud)eg nnb tbreg (beg 
 
 ours). I remember myself of his visit and of hers (of the 
 
 tbrtgen)* 3d) bin tbreg SSetfaftg nnb femeg (beg fetntgen) 
 
 hers) , I am of her approval and of his (of the his) 
 
EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 61 
 
 gettn£. ©eiett ©te tbreg £abefg uub femes (be$ femtgen) 
 
 certain. Be They of her censure and of his (of the his) 
 
 geroarttg* 3cf) bin feineS SSefucfyeS unb ibre^ (beS ifyrtgen) 
 
 aware. I am of his visit and of hers (of the hers) 
 
 mitbe. (gte ifl euereS jftagenS unb mtfereg (beg unfrtgen) 
 
 tired. She is of your complaining and of ours (of the ours) 
 
 miibe* ©ie tji eureS SertrauenS unb beg unfrtgen (nnfereS) 
 
 tired. She is of your confidence and of the ours (of ours) 
 
 ttuirbtg* 
 
 worthy. 
 
 Do you make use of your spoon or mine ? Are you 
 in want of my knife or yours? Do you want your 
 scissors or mine ? Did he remember my brother or 
 yours ? Does he want my advice or yours ? Does he 
 mock at my sister or at yours? He spared your (f) 
 friend and ours. I recollect his visit and hers. I am 
 certain of her approval and his. Be aware of her cen- 
 sure and his. I am tired of his visit and hers. She is 
 tired of your complaints and ours. She is worthy of 
 your confidence and ours. 
 
 dv hat mit 3brem 23ater imb bem metntgen (metnem) 
 
 He has with to Their father and to the mine (to mine) 
 
 gefprccfyen* £er 23efud) 3breS greunbeS ift^bxev (£d)tt>efter 
 
 spoken. The visit of Their friend is to Their sister 
 
 imb ber metntgen (meuter) angenebm* Xa$ 3D?abcf)en n>ar 
 
 and to the mine (to mine) agreeable. The girl was 
 
 meuter SDMter imb ber 3brtgen Q>hxex) bebuifltdfj* %eixex 
 
 to|my mother and to the Theirs (to Theirs) helpful. That 
 
 &err ifl unferm 2Sater imb bem eurtgen (eurem) @elb frfjulbtg* 
 
 gentleman is to our father and to the yours (to yours) money owing. 
 
 35te £ame empftebft fid) friitem 33rttber imb bem tbrtgeu 
 
 The lady recommends herself to his brother and to the hers 
 
 (tbrem). 3d) tt>ar in fetnem Simmer imb in tern tbrtgeu 
 
 (to hers). I was in to his room and in to the hers 
 
 (tbrem)* 3d) fprarf) mxt tbrer Gutter itnb ber femtgen (femer). 
 
 (to hers). I spoke with to her mother and to the his (to his). 
 
 Ser Statffnecfyt gab unferm -yferbe itnb bem eurtgen £eu* 
 
 The ostler gare to our horse and to the yours hay. 
 
 £er ?ebrer roar fercebl mit tbrer Slufgabe aU and) mxt ber 
 
 The teacher was so well with to her lesson as also with to the 
 
 betntgen (betner) jufrtebetu 
 
 thine (to thine) satisfied, 
 
62 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 He has spoken to your father and mine. The visit 
 of your friend is agreeable to your sister and mine. 
 The girl was useful to my mother and yours. That 
 gentleman owes some money to our father and yours. 
 The lady gives her respects to his brother and hers. I 
 was in his room and hers. I spoke to her mother and 
 his. The ostler gave some hay to our horse and 
 yours. The teacher was pleased both with her lesson 
 and thine. 
 
 2)er Secret untemcfytet Sfyren ©ofyn unb memen {ben 
 
 The teacher instructs Their son and mine (the 
 
 memtgen) unb %t)ve £cdf)ter unb bte metmge (metne). dv 
 
 mine) and Their daughter and the mine (mine). He 
 
 loit Sfyr $mb unb ba$ metmge (meme^)* Siennt er tfyrett 
 
 praises Their child and the mine (mine). Knows he her 
 
 33raber imb ben betntgen (betuen) ? jtarl begtextet beine 
 
 brother and the thine (thine) 1 Charles accompanies thy 
 
 ©cfywefter imb bte metmge (rneme). 3d) bttttge %\)xen SSor^ 
 
 sister and the mine (mine). I approve Their pro- 
 
 fcfyfctg unb ben femtgen (fetnen)* 2Btr fcebauern tfyren SSerfuft 
 
 posal and the his (his). We regret her loss 
 
 unb feinen (ben femtgen), 9Str fyctben feiinen Srtef unb ben 
 
 and his (the his). We have his letter and the 
 
 tfyrtgen (tfyren) erfyaftem @r fjat fern Sermogen unb ba$ 
 
 hers (hers) received. He has his fortune and the 
 
 tfyrtge (tt)re3) fcerfcfywenbeh ©enben ©te %t)ten SSebtenten 
 
 hers (hers) squandered. Send They Their servant 
 
 unb ben unfrtgen (tmfern)* ©te burcfyretfeten pftr aSatertcmb 
 
 and the ours (ours). They through travelled Their fatherland 
 
 unb ba$ unfrtge (unfere^)* ©te tyat %tyve grage unb bte 
 
 and the ours (ours). She has Their question and the 
 
 unfrtge (nnfere) heantvooxtet ^otyann brtngt memen £mt 
 
 ours (ours) answered. < John brings my hat 
 
 unb ben 3t)rigen Otyxen), metne SCBefte unb bte 3f)nge {%bxe). 
 
 and the yours (yours), my waistcoat and the Theirs (Theirs). 
 
 The teacher instructs your son and mine, and your 
 daughter and mine. He praises your child and mine. 
 Does he know your brother and mine ? Charles ac- 
 companies thy sister and mine. 1 approve of your 
 proposal and his. We regret her loss and his. We 
 received his letter and hers. He has squandered his 
 fortune and hers. Send your servant and ours. They 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 63 
 
 travelled through your country and ours. She has 
 answered your question and ours. John is bringing 
 my hat and yours, my waistcoat and yours. 
 
 Sfyre DdEjfen unb metne (bte metntgen). Sfyre $itl)e unb 
 
 Their oxen and mine (the mine). Their cows and 
 
 nteiue (tie metntgen). ©erne ^pferbe unb bte metntgen (metne). 
 
 mine (the mine). His horses and the mine (mine). 
 
 Seine ©cfyafe nnb bte fetntgen (feme), ©etne £unbe unb 
 
 Thy sheep and the his (his). His dogs and 
 
 bte betntgen (betne). ©etne SSogel unb bte tfyrtgen (tfyre). 
 
 the thine (thine). His birds and the hers (hers). 
 
 @ure £uf)tter unb bte unfrtgen (unfere). Unfere $e(ber unb 
 
 Your chickens and the ours (ours). Our fields and 
 
 eure (bte eurtgen). Unfere Sferjte unb bte Sfyrtgen pfyre). 
 
 yours (the yours). Our physicians and the Theirs (Theirs). 
 
 3fyre 23dnber unb bte tfyrtgen (tfyre). Sebienen ©te jlcfy 
 
 Their ribbons and the hers (hers). Serve They themselves 
 
 3t)ter 9Kej]er ober metner (ber metntgen) ? 3d) bebarf ber 
 
 3f Their knives or of mine (of the mine) 1 I need of the 
 
 Sfyrtgen (3brer) unb ber metntgen (memer)* ©ebacfyte ex 
 
 Theirs (of Theirs) and of the mine (of mine). Remembered he 
 
 fetner SSritber ober ber tbrtgen (tfjrer) ? <S$ottzt er unferer 
 
 of his brothers or of the hers (of hers) 1 Mocks he of our 
 
 gteunbe ober ber Sbrtgen (3ftrer) ? ©te fcfyonten unferer 
 
 friends or of the Theirs (of Theirs) 1 They spared of our 
 
 ©d)tt>efiew unb ber Sfyrtgen (3brer)* ©te tfi fetner SSefucfte 
 
 sisters and of the Theirs (of Theirs). She is of his |visits 
 
 unb ber tfyrtgen (tfyrer) mitbe. ©te fprctd) mtt tf)m m 
 
 and of the hers (of her) tired. She spoke with to him in 
 
 ©egenwart tfyrer ©tern unb ber fetntgen (fetner). ©em 
 
 presence of her parents and of the his (of his). His 
 
 95efucf) t$ 3bren ©cfytteftem unb ben metntgen (metnen) 
 
 visit is to Their sisters and to the mine (to mine) 
 
 nnffifommen. 3d) fprarf) mtt fetnen 23ritbern unb ben tfyrtgen 
 
 welcomed I spoke with to his brothers and to the hers 
 
 (tbren). £er ©taUfnecfyt gab unfern ^pferben unb euren (ben 
 
 (tohers). The ostler gave to our horses and to yours (to the 
 
 eurtgen) §eu. £er ?ebrer unterrtdjtet 3bre ©ofyne unb bte 
 
 yours) hay. The teacher instructs Their sons and the 
 
 metntgen (metne) nub 3fyre Zbdjtex unb bte metntgen (metne). 
 
 mine (mine) and Their daughters and the mine (mine). 
 
 dx loht ibxe Minbex unb bte fetntgen (feme). $ennen ©te 
 
 He praises her children and the his (his). Know They 
 
 feme 33ruber unb tbre (bte tfyrtgen) ? ©te fyat 3bre SSrtefe 
 
 his brothers and hers (the hers) 1 She has Their letters 
 
 unb bte unfrtgen (unfere) erfyalten. 
 
 and the ours (ours) received » 
 
64 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Your oxen and mine. Your cows and mine. His 
 horses and mine. Thy sheep and his. His dogs and 
 thine. His birds and hers. Your chickens and ours. 
 Our fields and yours. Our physicians and yours. 
 Your ribbons and hers. Do you make use of your 
 knives or mine ? I want yours and mine. Did he re- 
 member his brothers or hers ? Does he mock at our 
 friends or yours ? They spared our sisters and yours. 
 She is tired of his visits and hers. She spoke with him 
 in presence of her parents and his. His visit is wel- 
 come to your sisters and mine. I spoke to his brothers 
 and hers. The ostler gave our horses $nd yours some 
 hay. The teacher instructs your sons and mine and 
 your daughters and mine. He praises your children 
 and his. Do you know his brothers and hers? She 
 has received your letters and ours. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 JDiefer, 
 3ener, 
 3Md)er, 
 3Be(d)er?' 
 
 Fern. 
 
 btefe, 
 
 jene, 
 toetcfte, 
 
 jebe, 
 
 Neut. 
 
 btefeS, 
 jetted, 
 tt>e(d)e£, 
 tt>e(d)e3 ? 
 jebe3, 
 
 this. 
 
 that. 
 
 who, which. 
 
 which ? what ? 
 
 every, every one. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Nom. Stefer, 
 
 Gen. IStefeS, 
 
 Dat. Stefem, 
 
 Ace. Siefen, 
 
 DECLENSION. 
 
 Singula?*. 
 
 Fern. Neut. 
 
 biefe, 
 
 biefer, 
 biefer, 
 biefe, 
 
 btefe^ this, 
 btefeg, of this, 
 btefem, to this, 
 fciefe^, this. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 Nom. 2>tefe, these. 
 Gen. Stefer, of these. 
 Dat. Stefen, to these. 
 Ace. £iefe, these. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 65 
 
 Obs. The above declension corresponds to that of 
 the definite Article, S^ner, tteMjer, and jeber are de- 
 clined in the same manner. 
 
 liefer 3^3* £tefe Semtocmb, 3Mefe3 Zud). Sener 
 
 This stuff. This linen. This cloth. That 
 
 $ndbem ^ette Suppe. 3ene3 tylebL 20e(*er geMer ? 
 
 cake. That soup. That flour. Which fault % 
 
 2Betd)e Urfadhe ? $M#e3 ?atfer ? ©n Serg, twkfr er ho* 
 
 Which reason *? Which rice 1 A mountain which high 
 
 \)U Sine aiBtefe, ttetdbe grim tji, Qin Zbal, tt>e(cbe3 
 
 is. A meadow which green is. A valley which 
 
 cmmutbtg iff; Seber £ag* 3efce Shmbe* 3ebe3 Satyr* 
 
 pleasing is. Every day. Every hour. Every year. 
 
 5Dte ©fatter btefe3' 25aum^ £te' SBBurjct biefer ^ffanje* 
 
 The leaves of this tree. The root of this plant. 
 
 £er ©erucf) btefe3 2Setfd£)etig. £er ©efrtmctcf jene3 $udhen3- 
 
 The smell of this violet. The taste of that cake. 
 
 Xev (Baft jener ©trette* £er 33oben jenes gaflfeg* 2Be(d)e3 
 
 The juice of that lemon. The bottom of that cask. Which 
 
 gxeunfceS SScfud) ? SKMcfcer £ame $ut ? 2Qe(*e3 £inbe£ 
 
 friend's visit 1 Which lady's bonnet 1 Which child's 
 
 Sautter ? 3d) m\$, tt>elcfre3 greimfceg er ertodbttte* Sagett 
 
 mother! I know of which friend he mentioned. Tell 
 
 Bit tmr, toetoer £ame er fpotfet. <2te feben, it>elcbeg Qftefiferg 
 
 They tome of which lady he mocks. They see of which knife 
 
 er jtdj bebtent @r fennt bie gamtfte jetcg gxeunfceg. @r 
 
 he himself serves. He knows the family of every friend. He 
 
 hat ©emdtbe jeber Strt* @r fennt ben 3nbdtt jebe£ 23udbeg 
 
 has portraits of every kind. He knows the contents of every book 
 
 in femer Sibfiotbef* 
 
 in to his library. 
 
 This stuff. This linen. This cloth. That cake. 
 That soup. That flour. Which fault ? Which reason ? 
 Which vice ? A mountain that is high. A meadow 
 which is green. A valley which is pleasing. Every 
 day. Every hour. Every year. The leaves of this 
 tree. The root of this plant. The smell of this violet. 
 The taste of that cake. The juice of that lemon. The 
 bottom of that cask. Which friend's visit ? Which 
 lady's hat ? Which child's mother ? I know which 
 friend he mentioned. Tell me which lady he is mock- 
 
66 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ing at. You see which knife he is making use of. He 
 knows the family of every friend. He has portraits of 
 every kind. He knows the contents of every book in 
 his library. 
 
 £a6en ©te mit btefem ^remben gefprocfyen ? 3d) f>abe nut 
 
 Have They with to this stranger spoken 1 I have with 
 
 fctefer Qame gefprocfyem 2Ber lag in btefem 23ud)e ? jjelfen 
 
 to this lady spoken. Who read in to this book 1 Help 
 
 ©ie jettem 99?amte. $o(gen ©ie jener Same. ©eben 
 
 They to that man. Follow They to that lady. See 
 
 ©ie bk $a£e auf jenem Qadje ? 2ln toelcfyem £age ? 3u 
 
 They the cat on to that roof % On to what day 1 At 
 
 roetdjer ©tunbe ? 3it tt)elcf)em Safyre ? ©agen ©ie mtr, bet 
 
 to what hour ? In to what year 1 Tell They to me, at 
 
 mtycm ©djneiber ©ie btefen 9fctf gefauft fyaben* 3d) xot\% 
 
 to what tailor They this coat bought have. I know, 
 
 vodd)tv Same ©ie geflern begegneten* SCBte ^etft ba3 jlinb, 
 
 to what lady They yesterday met. How is called the child, 
 
 tt)e(d)em ©ie ben fiufym gaben ? Sag 2eben ijt jebem 
 
 to which They the cake gave 1 The life is to every 
 
 sjftenjtyett tbeuer* ©ie fonnen ju jeber ©tunbe beg £age3 
 
 man dear. They can at to every hour of the day 
 
 frtfcfyeg 93rob fyafcem SKJtflen ©ie bte Stamen ber £auptjtabte 
 
 fresh bread have. Know They the names of the capital towns 
 
 fcott jebem ?anbe?, 
 
 of to every country 1 
 
 Did you speak to this stranger ? I spoke to this lady. 
 Who read in this book? Help that man. Follow that 
 lady. Do you see the cat on that roof ? On what day ? 
 At what hour ? In what year ? Tell me of what 
 tailor you bought this coat. I know what lady you 
 met yesterday. What is the name of the child to which 
 you gave the cake ? Life is dear to every man. You 
 may have fresh bread at every hour of the day. Do you 
 know the names of the principal towns of every country? 
 
 SMett ©ie btefen $rofrf) tobten ? 3d) tobte biefe Wind?. 
 
 Wish They this frog kill! I kill this fly. 
 
 ^Pflitgen ©ie biefeg ge(b ? ©efyen ©ie jenen ©tern ? 
 
 Till They this field 1 See They that star 1 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 67 
 
 Bennett ©te jene 9SMt ? ©tebeu ©te jetted ©♦ SEMcfyen 
 
 Know They that world 1 Boil They; that egg. Which 
 
 fKocf tt>often ©te aitjtebett ? SBekfye SSinte rcoUen ©te efien ? 
 
 coat will They on put 1 Which pear will They eat 1 
 
 28e(rf)e3 @ebxcf)t bakm ©te gefefen ? S^teg tfi ber ©c^tufel, 
 
 Which poem have They read 1 This is the key 
 
 tt>e(rf)ett id) aerloreit babe. £ter tjl bte geber, tt>elcf)e tcf) 
 
 which I lost have. Here is the pen which I 
 
 gefcfytttten fyabe. 23te3 ifi ba$ gcmbfyaug, weldhe^ %bv 3Sater 
 
 cut have. This is the country-house which Their father 
 
 faufen toiCL 2efen ©te jeben ©a£ cwfmerffam. ©precfyen 
 
 buy wishes. Read They every sentence attentively, Speak 
 
 ©te jebe (2i>16e beutttd) au3* 3d) ^abc jebe£ Sort 
 
 They every syllable plainly out. I have every word 
 
 t)er|Ttanbert> 
 
 understood. 
 
 Do you wish to kill this frog ? I kill this fly. Do 
 you till this field ? Do you see that star ? Do you 
 know that world ? Boil that egg. Which coat will 
 you put on ? Which pear do you wish to eat ? Which 
 poem have you read ? This is the key which I have 
 lost. Here is the pen which I have made. This is the 
 country-house which your father wishes to buy. Read 
 every sentence attentively. Pronounce every syllable 
 plainly. I understood every word. 
 
 Dtefc banner. Sene grauem SSMcfye $mber? 3d) 
 
 These men. Those women. Which children 1 I 
 
 lo&e btejemgett jtmber, mefdje arttg ffnb. £te 35Idtter biefer 
 
 praise those children, who kind are. The leaves of these 
 
 93dume. £er ©efcfymatf jener $ud)en* £te <&d)aten jener 
 
 trees. The taste of those cakes. The peels of those 
 
 ©tronetu SOBelcfyer £amen &itte? SSMcfyer greimbe er* 
 
 lemons. Which ladies' bonnets 1 Of which friends men- 
 
 n>df)ttte er? 3d) fyctbe nttt biefen gremben gefprodjem 
 
 tioned he 1 I have with to these strangers spoken. 
 
 £e(fen ©te jenett Seuten ? SOBefcfyen £erren begegtteten ©ie ? 
 
 Help They to those people 1 To which gentlemen met They 1 
 
 ©agett ©te mtr, ttelcfyett fterren ©te Segegneten* ©d}(ad)ten 
 
 Tell They to me, to which gentlemen They met. Kill 
 
 ©te btefe £>d)fen ? 3Btr fd)tad)ten jene Matter. SKMdje 
 
 They these oxen 1 We kill those caives. Which 
 
68 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 23rtefe 6eanttt>orten ©te ? SHMcfye SSirnen efien ©te gem ? 
 
 letters answer They! Which pears eat They gladly! 
 
 ©agen ©te mtr, toelcfye 33trnen ©te gem efieiu SHMcfye 
 
 Tell They to me, which pears They gladly eat. Which 
 
 ©ebtcfyte tyabm ©te gelefen ? £uer fcnb bte $ebern, ttdcfye 
 
 poems have They read ! Here are the pens, which 
 
 id) gefcfynttten fyabe* 
 
 I cut have. 
 
 These men. Those women. Which children ? 
 I praise those children who are kind. The leaves of 
 these trees. The taste of those cakes. The peel of 
 those lemons. Which ladies' bonnets ? Which friends 
 did he mention ? I have spoken to these strangers. 
 Help those people. Which gentlemen did you meet ? 
 Tell me which gentlemen you met. Do you kill these 
 oxen ? We kill those calves. Which letters do you 
 answer ? Which pears do you like ? Tell me which 
 pears you like. Which poems have you read ? Here 
 are the pens which I have made. 
 
 ] 
 
 RELATIVE. 
 
 INTERROGATIVE. 
 
 Nom. 
 Gen. 
 Dat. 
 Ace. 
 
 2Ber, * who. 
 $8effen, whose. 
 2Bem, t0 whom. 
 22en, whom. 
 
 2Ber? 
 Sffiefien 
 SBem? 
 2Ben? 
 
 who ? 
 ? whose ? 
 to whom ? 
 
 whom ? 
 
 2Ber tfi ia ? din grember* Sffier tft gefommen ? 3f)re 
 
 Who is there 1 A stranger. Who is come 1 Their 
 
 ©d)tt>efter* 50er ffopft an bte £l)itr? dim Same* 
 
 sister. Who knocks on the door! A lady. 
 
 ©agen ©te mtr, tt>er ba ift 2Btfien ©te, tt>er gefommen tjt ? 
 
 Tell They tome who there is. Know They who come is % 
 
 3d) tt>e$ ntcfyt, rcer gefommen tjL SDefiett £nt tft ba^ ? 
 
 I know not, who come is. Whose hat is that 1 
 
 SBtffen ©te, n>efien £nt ba3 ift ? @s tjt metne^ 25rnber3 
 
 Know They whose hat that is 1 It is of my brother's 
 
 S)ut aBeflen SSitd) tfl bag ? Stiffen ©te, rceffen 33ud> bag 
 
 hat. Whose book is that 1 Know They whose book that 
 
 tft? (£3 tft ba3 S3uc^ memer ©d)tt>efter/ SSSem gaben ©te 
 
 is 1 It is the book of my sister. To whom gave They 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 69 
 
 i>a$ ©efb ? ©agen ©ie mtr, mem ©te ba£ ©efb gabem 
 
 the money'? Tell They to me to whom They the money gave. 
 
 3d) gab ed bent Slrmem 2Sem begegneten ©te ? SBollen 
 
 I gave it to the poor (man). To whom met They'? Will 
 
 ©te mtr fagen, mem ©te begegneten ? 3cf) begegnete ettter 
 
 They to me tell to whom They met 1 I met to a 
 
 gremtbttu 2Bem fcfyenften ©te ba3 33ttb? ©agen ©te 
 
 (f.) friend. To whom presented They the picture 1 Tell They 
 
 mtr, mem ©te ba3 S3tfb fdjenftem 3d) fcfyenfte e3 einem 
 
 to me, to whom They the picture presented. I presented it to a 
 
 $mbe. 2Ben t)at er beleibtgt ? SEBtffett ©te, men er beleibtgt 
 
 child. Whom has he offended % Know They whom he offended 
 
 I)at? @r t)at feme Xante beleibigt SSSen molten ©te 
 
 has 1 He has hfs aunt offended. Whom will They 
 
 befncfyen ? 3d) mod)te miffen, men ©te befncfyen molten* 
 
 visit 1 I should like to know whom They visit wish. 
 
 3cfy mttt metnen Setter befndjem 2Sen fndjen ©te ? ©agen 
 
 I wish my cousin to visit. Whom seek They 1 Tell 
 
 ©te mtr, men ©te fncfyem 3d) fncfye metn $inb> 33on mem 
 
 They to me whom They seek. I seek my child. Of to whom 
 
 ©precfyen ©te ? (Srlanben ©te mtr, ©te jn fragen, $on 
 
 speak They 1 Allow They to me Them to ask of 
 
 mm ©te fprecfyen* 3d) fpredje tton etnem gremtbe* SfBer 
 
 to whom They speak. I speak of to a friend. Who 
 
 mill mit mtr gefyen ? 3rf) frage, mer mit mtr gefyen milt. 
 
 will with to me go 1 I ask, who with to me go will. 
 
 2>ie $naben molten mtt Sfytten gebem 9iad) mem fragten 
 
 The boys wish with to Them to go. After to whom asked 
 
 ©te? 3d) mitnfd)te $n miffen, nad) mem ©te fragten. 
 
 They 1 I wished to - know, after to whom They asked. 
 
 3d) fragte nad) bem ©d)nfymad)er* 2Ber bat e3 3bnen 
 
 I asked after to the shoemaker. Who has it to Them 
 
 gefagt ? 3d) mitnfd)te jn mtflen, mer e3 tbnen gefagt Ijat 
 
 told 1 I wished to know, who it to them told has. 
 
 £ie j?tnber baben e$ mtr gefagt. SKeffen &an$ ifi bag? 
 
 The children have it to me told. Whose house is that 1 
 
 Stiffen ©te, mejfen $>an$ ba$ ifi ? &aS t|t ba$ §au$ mcU 
 
 Know They whose house that is 1 That is the house of 
 
 ner ©ro£eiterm Sffiefien ertnnern ©te jTd) ? ©a* 
 
 my grandparents. Whose remember They themselves 1 
 
 gen ©te mtr, mefifen ©te ftd) ertnnern* 3d) ertnnere 
 
 Tell They to me, whose They themselves remember. I remember 
 
 mi<fy metner ©d)utfretmbe. SEBeffen ertnnert er ficf> ? 
 
 myself of my school-friends. Whose remembered he himself 1 
 
 3d) met$ nid)t, meffen er jTd) ermnerte. @r erinnerte ftd) 
 
 I know not w hose he himself remembered. He remembered himself 
 
70 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 unfer. Wlit went baben @ie gefprocfyen ? 3d) barf SBtten 
 
 of us. With to whom have They spoken 1 I dare to Them 
 
 ntcfyt fagen, mit mm id) gefprecfyen babe. 3d) babe mit 
 
 not tell, with to whom I spoken have. I have with 
 
 Sfyren 3Sertt>anfeten gefprccfyem Sin n>en Ijaben <2ie 
 
 to Their relations spoken. On whom have They 
 
 gefcfyrieben ? Sdj n>ttt Sbnett fagen, an »en id) gefdjrieben 
 
 written 1 I will to Them tell, on whom I written 
 
 babe. 3d) babe an meine Sd)tt>eftern gefdjrieben* 
 
 have. I have on my sisters written. 
 
 Who is there ? A stranger. Who has come ? Your 
 sister. Who knocks at the door ? A lady. Tell me, 
 who is there. Do you know who has come? I do 
 not know who has come. Whose hat is this ? Do you 
 know whose hat this is ? It is my brother's hat. 
 Whose book is this ? Do you know whose book this 
 is ? It is the book of my sister ? To whom did you 
 give the money ? Tell me to whom you gave the 
 money. I gave it to the poor man. Whom did you 
 meet? Will you tell me whom you met? I met a 
 (f.) friend. To whom did you present the picture ? 
 Tell me, to whom you presented the picture. I pre- 
 sented it to a child. Whom has he offended ? Do you 
 know whom he has offended ? He has offended his 
 aunt. Whom do you wish to call upon ? I should 
 like to know whom you wish to call upon. I wish to 
 call upon my cousin. Whom are you looking for ? 
 Tell me. whom you are looking for. I am looking for 
 my child. Of whom are you speaking ? Allow me to 
 ask you of whom you are speaking. I am speaking 
 of a friend. Who is willing to go with me ? I ask 
 who is willing to go with me. The boys are willing to 
 go with you. After whom did you inquire ? I should 
 like to know after whom you inquired. I inquired 
 after the shoemaker. Who has told it to you ? I 
 should like to know who has told it to you. The 
 children have told it to me. Whose house is this ? Do 
 you know whose this is ? This is the house of my 
 grandfather and grandmother. Whom do you re- 
 collect ? Tell me, whom you recollect. I recollect 
 my school-fellows. Whom did he recollect ? I do not 
 
EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 71 
 
 know whom he recollected. He recollected us. With 
 whom did you speak ? I dare not tell you with whom 
 I spoke. I spoke with your relations. To whom have 
 you written ? I will tell you to whom I have written. 
 I have written to my sisters. 
 
 Relative and Interrogative, 
 §B3ft£/ what. 
 
 SOBeswegen, on account of what, what for, 
 
 IBJeritber, at what, about what. 
 
 SSerut, in what. 
 
 SBoju, what for. 
 
 SScmit, with what, 
 
 ©often, of what. 
 
 SBerart, at what. 
 
 SSohtrdj, through what. 
 
 ®a£ tft ba£ ? 3d) ftfc V®& rt ifc SfSag tft gefrfjefien ? 
 
 What is that 1 I see what it is. What is happened 7 
 
 3d) mocf)te nnffett, rca£ gefcfreben ifh 2Ba3 fudhen Ste? 
 
 I should like to know, what happened is. What seek They '7 
 
 ^inben Ste, wa3 Sie fncften ? 9Bdd toetfen @ie ? 3* 
 
 Find They what They seek 1 What wish They 1 I 
 
 n>eig mdtf, n>ag er nritt* 2Q3estt>egen fittb 2te traurtg ? 3d? 
 
 know not what he wishes. What for are They melancholy 7 I 
 
 roetp ntcfyt, roeemegen Ste traurtg ffnb* 50Bbrii&er laiht ber 
 
 know not, what for They melancholy are. What about laughs the 
 
 Karr ? 3d) tttfifi md#> rocritber cr fadbt Serin frefrebt 
 
 fool 7 I know not where about he laughs. Wherein consists 
 
 feme ©efdncfticWett ? 3* frfj« ntdji, rcerin feme ©cfdhtcf (tchfett 
 
 his skill ] I see not wherein his skill 
 
 keiiebt. 2Bcju gebtaudu man ba3 ? grffdren ©ie nur, 
 
 consists. Whereto uses one that 1 Explain They to me, 
 
 ftojit man ba3 gebraudht, SScnut fdmetben Ste * btefen 
 
 whereto one that uses. Wherewith cut They this 
 
 Steff? 3d) hrimfdjtc ju rotfien, roemit Ste btefen ©toff 
 
 stuff 7 I should wish to know, wherewith They this stuff 
 
 fdjneibem 2Bofccn fprecfren bt'efe ?ente? 3d) wetf? mcfit, 
 
 cut. Whereof speak these people 1 I know not 2 
 
72 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 rootton fee fprecfyem 5Boburd) tfl eg Sfmeu geltmgett ? 3d) 
 
 whereof they speak. Wherethrough is it to Them succeeded 1 I 
 
 begreife md)t, woburd) eg Sfynett geluugeu tji* 
 
 conceive not, wherethrough it to Them succeeded is. 
 
 What is that ? I see what it is. What has hap- 
 pened? I should like to know what has happened. 
 What are you looking for ? Do you find what you are 
 looking for ? What do you wish ? I do not know 
 what he wishes for. About what are you so melan- 
 choly? I do not know about what you are so melan- 
 choly. At what does the fool laugh ? I do not know 
 what he laughs at. In what lies his skill ? I do not 
 see in what his skill lies. What is that used for ? 
 Explain to me what that is used for. What do you 
 cut this stuff with ? I should like to know with what 
 you cut this stuff. What are these people speaking of? 
 I do not know what they are speaking of. Through 
 what did you succeed ? I do not conceive through 
 what you succeeded. 
 
 3B a $ f ii r, fyc, what, what sort of, fyc. 
 2Ba3 fitr em Slpfel tfi ba$ ? ©ageu ©te mtr, tt>ag fitr eut 
 
 What for an apple is that 1 Tell They to me, what for an 
 
 Styfef bte3 tfl* 5Ba3 fitr ewe 33fume tfl tne& 3d) roetfl 
 
 apple this is. What for a flower is this. I know 
 
 md)t, ma£ fitr erne ©fume ba3 tji, 2Ba3 fitr em 23ud) ift 
 
 not what for a flower that is. What for a hook is 
 
 bte3 ? ©ageu ©te mtr, n>a£ fitr em 23ud) bte3 xfh SBa3 
 
 this 1 Tell They to me, what for a hook this is. What 
 
 fitr emeu 2lpfel tpotten ©te efietu ©ageu ©te mtr, tt>a£ fitr 
 
 for an apple will They eat. Tell They to me, what for 
 
 emeu Slpfel ©te eflett tt>oKeiu 2Ba3 fitr erne ©pradje rotten 
 
 an apple They to eat wish. What for a language wish 
 
 ©te ftubtreu ? 3d) wetg, tva$ fur erne ©pracfye ©te ftubtreu 
 
 They to study 1 I know, what for a language They to study 
 
 tooUem 2Ba3 fur em §au$ will ex faufeu ? 3d) mi%, voa$ 
 
 wish. What for a house wishes he to buy 1 I know, what 
 
 fitr em &au$ er faufeu biff* 2Ba3 fur em ©of bat tfl gefbrbeu ? 
 
 for a house he to buy wishes. What for a soldier is dead 1 
 
 2Bag fur eutel ©olbateu Uutform tfl bte3 ? 3d) n>ei# utcfyt, 
 
 What for a soldier's uniform is this ] I know not, 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 73 
 
 toa$ fur eineS Sofbafen Uniform bte£ ijj; 2Bas fiir einen 
 
 what for a soldier's uniform this is. What for a 
 
 ©olbaten bateu ©te gefeben ? 3Ba3 fiir etnem Slrjte fd)enfen 
 
 soldier have They seen 1 To what for a physician present 
 
 ©te Sbr SSertrauen ? 3d) roetg, ma£ fiir etnem Slrgte ©te 
 
 They Their confidence 1 I know to what for a physician They 
 
 3br aSertrauen fdjenfen, ©agen ©ie bent SBebtenten, voa$ 
 
 Their confidence present. Tell They to the servant, what 
 
 fiir emeu Sicd er 3bnen brtugen felL~ 3Ber ijl ba ? @n 
 
 for a coat he to Them bring shall. Who is there T A 
 
 grember* 923a3 fiir enter ? Jpter ifl etne Siting* $0a3 
 
 stranger. What for one 1 Here is a newspaper. What 
 
 fiir etne ? £ter ifl em SSudu SOBctg fiir emeS ? 3d) fya6e 
 
 for one 1 Here is a book. What for one'? I have 
 
 mtr eutett &ut gefauft s iBa£ fur einen ? ©eben ©te mtr 
 
 to me a hat bought. What for one ! Give They to me 
 
 etne SKabel* SOBag fiir etne ? Setben ©te mtr em 33ud), 
 
 a needle. What for one? Lend They tome a book. 
 
 SGBag fiir emeg ? 3d) fucfye emeu ?ebrer. 2Ba3 fiir einen ? 
 
 What for one 1 I seek a teacher. What for one! 
 
 2Ba3 fiir SSrob tfl ba£ ? ©agen ©te mir, ma$ fiir 25rob ba$ 
 
 What for bread is that! Tell They to me what for bread that 
 
 tft. $3a3 fiir 93rob effen ©te gent? 3d) u>et$, matf fitr 
 
 is. What for bread eat They gladly! 1 know, what for 
 
 93rob ©te gern efien. 2Ba$ fur (Sfffg tfl bte£ ? §K3a3 fiir 
 
 bread They gladly eat. What for vinegar is this! What for 
 
 @fl?g molten ©te \)aU\\ ? ©agen ©te mtr, xva$ fiir Qrfjtg id) 
 
 vinegar will They have ! Tell They to me, what for vinegar I 
 
 3bnen geben fctL 2BaS fitr £tnte gefdtft Sfynen ? ©agen 
 
 to Them give shall. What for ink pleases to Them ? Tell 
 
 ©te mtr, ma3 fiir Zinte 3'men gefdCt 90Ba$ fiir Zinte 
 
 They to me, what for ink to Them pleases. What for ink 
 
 mdt>(en ©te ? 3d) metp ntd)t, ma3 fiir £inte id) nefymen foK. 
 
 choose They! I know not, what for ink I take shall. 
 
 SEBag fitr $ferbe jtnb bte£? 2£a6 fiir iente waxen ba? 
 
 What for horses are this! What for people were there! 
 
 23as fiir SBdnber baben ©te gemdbft ? SESiflen ©te, ma£ fitr 
 
 What for ribbons have They chosen ! K now They, what for 
 
 gamtlten er fcefudjen mitt? ; SMtt ma£ fiir Seuten gcl)t er um ? 
 
 families he visit will ! With to what for people goes he about ! 
 
 2Ba<3 baben gte bier ? ffifetftifte. SffiaS fitr wefobe ? 2Bas* 
 
 What have They here ! Lead-pencils. What for some ! What 
 
 baben ©te gefanft ? ©triimpfe, 2Ba3 fur me(d)e ? 
 
 have They bought ! Stockings. What for some 1 
 
74 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS. 
 
 2Bag fiir is used with collective nouns in the singular, 
 and with nouns generally in the plural. Wa£ fur em, 
 tine, em is connected with any other than a collective 
 noun in the singular. 2Ba3 fur enter, erne, eineS, is used, 
 when a noun in the singular is understood. In n>a£ fitr 
 tt)e(cf)e r toekfce is the substitute of a noun in the plural. 
 
 What sort of an apple is this ? Tell me what sort 
 of an apple this is. What sort of a flower is this ? I 
 do not know what sort of a flower this is. What sort 
 of a book is this ? Tell mc what sort of a book this 
 is. What sort of an apple will you eat ? Tell me 
 what sort of an apple you will eat. What language 
 are you willing to study ? I know what language you 
 are willing to study. What house is he willing to buy ? 
 I know what sort of a house he is willing to buy. 
 What soldier has died ? What soldier's uniform is this ? 
 I do not know what soldier's uniform this is. What 
 soldier have you seen ? In what physician do you 
 place your confidence ? I know in what physician 
 you place your confidence. Tell the servant what coat 
 he is to bring you. Who is there? A stranger. What 
 kind of one ? Here is a newspaper. What sort of 
 one ? Here is a book. What kind of one ? I have 
 bought a hat for myself. What sort of one ? Give 
 me a needle. What kind of one ? Lend me a book. 
 What sort of one ? I am looking for a teacher. What 
 kind of one (are you looking for) ? What sort of bread 
 is this ? Tell me what sort of bread this is. What 
 sort of bread do you like. I know what sort of bread 
 you like. What sort of vinegar is this ? What sort of 
 vinegar will you have ? Tell me what sort of vinegar 
 I shall give you. What ink do you like ? Tell me 
 what ink you like. What ink do you choose ? I do 
 not know what ink I shall take. What kind of horses 
 are these ? What kind of people were there ? What 
 sort of ribbons have you chosen ? Do you know 
 what families he is going to visit ? What kind of people 
 
£AS¥ LESSONS IN GERMAN, 75 
 
 does he bold intercourse with ? What have you here ? 
 Lead-pencils. What sort of ones ? What have you 
 bought ? Stockings. What sort of ones ? 
 
 Nom. ^etttanb, some or any body. 
 
 Gen. jentattbg, of some or any body. 
 Dat. j Sewanbem, j t0 some or any hodv . 
 
 Ace. \ ^manben, j some or any bod 
 
 Nom. Ditemanb, nobody. 
 
 Gen. 9Ctemanfeg> of nobody. 
 
 Dat. V5 eman J m ' ho nobodv. 
 Ace. S^emaubeiv j fe d 
 
 Nom. Sebetlrifltlttt, every body. 
 
 Gen. Sebermamttf, of every body. 
 
 Dat. Sebermann, to every body. 
 
 Ace. Scbermann, every body. 
 
 3fi Sentflttb bter gewefeit ? SRtemanb i]i bter geroefeiu 
 
 Is anybody here been ? Nobody is here been. 
 
 Sebermamt ti>ti$ t$. 3* tttoaxu %tmavfo$ aSefud}* 3cf) 
 
 Everybody knows it. I expect somebody's visit. I 
 
 nebrite beute KtemaribS Sefrtd) an. £a3 roar SebermatmS 
 
 take to-day nobodv's visit on- That was everybody's 
 
 SEBunfd). Qahen Ste Sentanbem ©ete geltehen ? 3d) babe 
 
 wish. Have They to anybody money lent] I have 
 
 3Wemanb ©elb geHebeiu Sagen Steel ijebennamu SWufen 
 
 to nobody money lent Tell They it to everybody. Call 
 
 Ste Semanb. 3$) faub Ditemanb ba. " tit fcebanbelt 
 
 They somebody. I found nobody there. He treats 
 
 Sebermamt reblid). 
 
 everybody honestly. 
 
 Was anybody here ? Nobody was here. Every 
 body knows it. I expect somebody's visit. I accept 
 
76 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 nobody's visit to-day. That was everybody's wish 
 Have you lent money to anybody ? I have not len 
 money to anybody. Tell it to everybody. Call some- 
 body. I did not find anybody there. He treats every- 
 body honestly. 
 
 * 
 
 £erjemge, toefcherC referring both to Masc. \ Thatwhich, 
 jpitjcritge, ttdcfye ^ pers. and things. Fern, lor the 
 -Tagjem'ge, rocfcfyeS Neut. J which. 
 
 1 pers. and things. Fern. >or the one 
 Neut. ) which. 
 SDatfjenige, tva$ (referring to things only). That which. 
 
 DECLENSION. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Masc. Fein. Neu*. 
 
 Nom. Serjenige, btejemge, bct^jenige, that. 
 
 Gen. IDegjemgett, berjentgcn, fceSjentgen, of that. 
 
 Dat. ^emjemgen, berjentgen, bemjcmgen, to that. 
 
 Ace. Senjentgeu, btejemge, fcaSjenige, that. 
 
 Plural 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 Nom. ^tejemgen, those. 
 
 Gen. Serjentgen, of those. 
 
 Dat. Senjemgen, to those 
 Ace. 3Diejemgen, those. 
 
 SKMcfyer $na6e fcefommt biefe3 @efd)cnf ? ^erjemge, 
 
 Which bo j receives this present 1 That 
 
 tt>elci)er fletptg tffc 3£eld)e grew uninfect Ste ju fprecften ? 
 
 who industrious is. Which woman wishes Them to speak 1 
 
 Stejenige, xoeldje front iji* 95Md)e3 ^pferb ? £agjentge, 
 
 That who sick is. Which horse 1 That 
 
 tt>e(cf)e$ labnt ifi* £te ©tern beSjemgen $na6en, roeldber 
 
 which lame is. The parents of that boy, who 
 
 gelobt nntrbe. 2Me £od)ter berjentgen gran, n>elcf)e mit nn£ 
 
 praised was. The daughter of that woman, who with to us 
 
 gefprecfyen bat £er *J3rei3 berjentgen ^Jfe**^, rt>eld)c3 ©ie 
 
 spoken has. The price of that horse which They 
 
EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 77 
 
 jit fmtfen getarttem ©eben 2k ba$ ©e(b bemjemgen Sfrmen, 
 
 to buy intended. Give They the money to that poor man, 
 
 toddjer imS barum angcfprccben bat. ^ Sprecbcn Ste mit 
 
 who us thereabout spoken to has. Speak They with 
 
 terjemgen $rcut, roefcbe gcfrern bier wax. 3d) tag in temje* 
 
 to that woman who yesterday here was. I read in to 
 
 rttgen 23ucbe, roefcfje^ (Etc nur gegeben babem DJiifen 2te 
 
 that book which They tome given have- Call They 
 
 bcnjem'gen Strjt, iDeldjer 3bre*t SSruber fcebanbeft bat. 3d) 
 
 that physician who Their brother treated has. I 
 
 ntetne btejetitge $ran, beren #tnb geftetben iff. 3* tterbe 
 
 mean that woman, whose child died is. I shall 
 
 baejemge S}an$ faufen, ttefcbes nrir beute gefebcn baben* 
 
 that house buy, which we to-day seen have. 
 
 2Be(d)e Seamen waxen ba ? £tejenigen, tt>e(dje im$ geftern 
 
 Which ladies were there 1 Those who to us yesterday 
 
 fcegegneteru Scbretben Ste tie ytamen berjemgen Stinkier 
 
 met Write They the name of these scholars 
 
 auf, tt>e(d)e abttefenb fmb ? 3* getgte ben Srtef benjentgen 
 
 up who absent are! I showed the letter to those 
 
 £erren, weid)e gegenrodrftg waxen. 95ringen Ste mix 
 
 gentlemen who pre-ent were. Bring They to me 
 
 btejenigen §>optere> roekte anf bem ^itlre (tegen. Unfcr 
 
 tho>e papers which on to the desk lie. Our 
 
 Sebrer extlaxt un$ fcagjemge, wa$ wix ntcbt Derftebem 
 
 teacher explains to us that which we not understand. 
 
 Which hoy obtains this present ? The one who is 
 
 industrious. Which woman wishes to speak to you? 
 The one who is sick. Which horse ? That which is 
 lame. The parents of that boy who was praised. 
 The daughter of that woman who has spoken to us. 
 The price of that horse which you intended to buy. 
 Give the money to that poor man who has begged it 
 of us. Speak to that woman who was here yesterday. 
 I read in that book which you gave me. Call that 
 physician who has attended your brother. I mean that 
 woman whose child has died. I shall buy that house 
 which we have seen to-day. Which ladies were there? 
 Those whom we met yesterday. Write down the 
 names of those pupils who are absent. I showed the 
 letter to those gentlemen who were present. Bring me 
 those papers which lie on the desk. Our teacher ex- 
 plains to us that which we do not understand. 
 
78 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 SKMrfjer SWarnt ? Derjemge, metier tvant ifh SScIcher 
 
 Which man 1 That which sick is. Which 
 
 23mtm? Derjemge, welcher bhtbt* ffielcfye graii ? 
 
 tree '] That which is blooming'. Which woman 1 
 
 Dtejentge, toefcfye bort gebt, SBBefdjc Scfyttfiel ? Diejcmge, 
 
 That which there walks. Which dish 1 That 
 
 wefrfje jerbrecfyett tfh 2BeId)eg S8urf> ? DaSjemge, rce(rf)e3 
 
 which broken is. Which book 1 That which 
 
 cmf bem SEtfdje liegt SBelcfyem SWanne gtanben @ie ? 
 
 on to the table lies. To which man believe They % 
 
 Demjentgen, roeldfyer mcfyt litgt* SBelcfyem 3tatbe fefgen Sie ? 
 
 To that which not lies. To which advice follow They 1 
 
 Demjenigen, tt>efd>er gut tft* SSMrfjer Dame begegneten Ste ? 
 
 To that which srood is. To which lady met They 1 
 
 Derjentgen, n>e(d)er <£ie begegneten* 3n weldber $trcbe waren. 
 
 To that to which They met. In to what church were 
 
 Sie ? 3k berjemgen, tt>eld)e Ste gewobnltd) bcfudjem 3*? 
 
 They 1 In to that which They usually visit In 
 
 toefdjem £immev fd)(afen ©te? 3« bemjentgen, tt>eld)eg 
 
 to which room sleep They 1 In to that which 
 
 fcorgejlent gerimcfyt nmrbe. Sffiefcfyen grennb lieben Sie ? 
 
 before yesterday white-washed was. Which friend love They 1 
 
 Denjemgen, n>eldber mix bte $?abrt)ett fagt SSMcfyen Diecf 
 
 That which to me the truth tells. Which coat 
 
 gteben ®te an ? Denjemgen, n>efd)cr an ber SCbitr fydngt* 
 
 draw They on 1 That which on to the door hangs. 
 
 SBMdje Dame farm ftngen ? Dtejentge, tveld)e xvei§ geffetbet 
 
 Which lady can ' sing] That which white dressed 
 
 tfh Weict)e Unterbafttntg habm ©te gem ? Diejemge, 
 
 is What conversation have They gla dly 1 That 
 
 wld)e betebrenb if£ SEBeldje $tnber n>erbeit gefobt? 
 
 which instructive is. Which children are praised'? 
 
 Diejentgen, wekfye arttg jmb* SGBeldjer ?eute fpottet er? 
 
 Those who kind are. Of what people mocks he 1 
 
 Derjemgen, wefcfye fcfymngtg jmb* SSMcfyen SJrmen geben @te 
 
 Of those who filthy are. To what poor people give They 
 
 @elb? Denjemgen, toeldje ebrltcb ftnb* S&elclje greimbe 
 
 money I To those who honest are. What friends 
 
 Iteben @te ? Diejentgen, roelctye aufricfyttg ftnb* 
 
 love They 1 Those who sincere are. 
 
 Which man ? The one who is sick. Which tree ? 
 That which is blooming. Which woman ? The one 
 who is walking there. Which dish ? That which is 
 broken. Which book? That which is lying on the 
 table. Which man do you believe ? The one who 
 does not lie. What advice do you follow ? That 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 79 
 
 which is good. Which lady did you meet ? The one 
 whom you met. In which church were you ? In that 
 which you usually visit. In which room do you sleep ? 
 In that which was white-washed the day before yester- 
 day. Which friend do you love? The one who tells 
 me the truth. Which coat do you put on. That which 
 hangs by the door. Whiebflady can sing ? The one 
 who is dressed in white. What conversation do you 
 like ? That which is instructive. Which children are 
 praised? Those who are kind. Which people does 
 he mock at ? At those who are filthy. To which poor 
 people do you give money ? To those who are 
 honest. Which friends do you love ? Those who are 
 sincere. 
 
 Serfel&e, btefe(6e, bafietee, the same. 
 
 Ma?c. 
 
 DECLENSION. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Fem. NVut. 
 
 Nom. £erfe(6e, btefefte, bafief&e, the same. 
 
 Gen. Qeftelben, berfef&ett, bejtet&en, of the same. 
 
 Dat. £emfe(ben, berfe(6en, betttfe{6en, to the same. 
 
 Ace. £enfet&en, btefelbe, bctffefte, the same. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. 
 Gen. 
 Dat. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 £tefef6en, 
 -Terfeffren, 
 
 Stefelbeit, 
 
 the 
 of the 
 to the 
 
 the 
 
 same, 
 same, 
 same, 
 same. 
 
 S'erfef&e Sdmeiber, SDtefefte gremibun £afiH6e Stafo* 
 
 The same tailor. The same (f ) friend. The same child. 
 
 ^erfelbe 'IPtigett. £tefeI6e Sdbrift* Saflejfbe £ubn. £er 
 
 The same carriage. The same writing. The same chicken. The 
 
 2d)itfer beffel&cn ?ebrer£. Tie SSobmmg berfe!6en gremtbm. 
 
 pupil of the same teacher. The residence of the same (f.) friend. 
 
80 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Ste ^etcfyfel fcefietfren 22ageit£. £a3 Sptelgeug beflfelbett 
 
 The pole of the same carriage. The toy of the same 
 
 $trtbe3. 3d) gebe ju bemfetben Sdbubmcuter. ©te roobitt 
 
 child. I go to the same shoemaker. She lives 
 
 bet berjelfe-n $reimbuu ®v tvobnt fat bentfelben &aufe. 3d) 
 
 at to the same (f.) friend. He lives in to the same house. I 
 
 fap tp bemfetben SSageiu ^emten Ste benfeI6en ?ebrer ? 
 
 sa.t in to the same carriage. ^iow They the same teacher 1 
 
 3d) meme btefelbe gteimjbiit. 3* fc£>e bafiefte £mb. 3d) 
 
 I mean the same (f.) friend. I praise the same child. I 
 
 fat) tenfeiben SSagen. Etefelben ^Jerfoncn. Stefelben 
 
 saw the same carriage. The same persons. The same 
 
 $feiber\ 2te (£uttt>cbner berfelbert ©tabte* 3« benfe(6ert 
 
 clothes. The inhabitants of the same cities. In to the same 
 
 Sanbern. 3d) femte btefelben gfamttteiu 
 
 countries. I know the same families. 
 
 The same tailor. The same (f.) friend. The same 
 child. The same carriage. The same writing. The 
 same chicken. The pupil of the same teacher. The 
 residence of the same (f.) friend. The pole of the same 
 carriage. The toy of the same child. I am going to 
 the same shoemaker. She lives with the same (f.) friend. 
 He lives in the same house. I was sitting in the same 
 carriage. Are you acquainted with the same teacher ? 
 I mean the same, (f.) friend. I praise the same child. 
 I saw the same carriage. The same persons. The 
 same clothes. The inhabitants of the same cities. In 
 the same countries. I am acquainted with the same 
 families. 
 
 Serfetbe, tt>eld)er \ referring both to per- ) The same 
 
 Jnefelbe, n>etcf)e \ sons and things. ) who. 
 
 Saffette, tt>e(rf)eg ( The same which, 
 
 Qaffclbe,XQCL$ (referring to things only). ( or that. 
 
 «v-'' r 'rt. ,* n; 7 ( The same who, 
 
 Diktat, tt>etdje Plural J |he same which ; 
 
 SSefcfyer Sdiubtiiacfycr ? Serftffce, tt>e(cber Sfyre Sdutbe 
 
 Which shoemaker 1 The same who Their shoes 
 
 gemacbt bat. 2Be(d)e 9idf)ertu ? £tefel6e, tt>eld)e 3bren 
 
 made has. Which seamstress 1 The same who Their 
 
EASY LESSONS IS GERMAN. SI 
 
 SKotttel berfert%t bat. Sftbfcd £tnb ? Saflette, tt>e(cbc3 
 
 cloak made has* W Inch child 1 The same which 
 
 eben bter war* 3Beldjer £mth ? rcrfctbe,, wclcber Ste 
 
 just here was. Which dog 1 The same that Them 
 
 gcbtftcn bat. ©ctcbe ^afee ? SJtefel&e, wctcbe bcrt lattfh 
 
 bitten has. Which cat] The same that there runs, 
 
 22c(cbc£ papier? ^a]T^be / tvehte$ Sie jerrt^en baben. 
 
 Which paj>er 1 '1 he same which They torn have. 
 
 22e(cbem 33ebtentcn gaben Ste ben Sluftrag ? I'eirtfetben, 
 
 To which servant gave They the order: To the same 
 
 n>e(cber Sie bcbicnt bat. 2Vctcber #ran itbcrgaben 2te ben 
 
 who Them served has. To which woman delivered They the 
 
 S3rtef? £erfe(ben, tvelcbe mtr bte £bur cffnete. 2£c(cbcm 
 
 letter ? To the same who to me the door opened. To which 
 
 $mbe fcbcnftcn ©te ba3 33ucb ? Eemfclbcn, bcflcn 
 
 child pre-ented They the book 1 To the same whose 
 
 @cfrfncf(tcMctt Ste bmnmbcrtcn, SGBelcfoen SSttef babcn gie 
 
 ability They admired. Which letter have They 
 
 erbrocbcn ? Senfelben, rocfcben ber 25ricftragcr mtr gcbracbt 
 
 opened ! The same which the lctter-carr.er to me brought 
 
 bat. 23c[cbe Tame babcn Ste mtterricbtct ? Siefelfce, 
 
 has. Which lady have They instructed ? The same 
 
 wcfcbe fo gut beutfcb fprtd)t 3KMd)e ?ojfel? Jtcfclbcn, 
 
 who so well German speaks. Which spoons 1 The same 
 
 wetcbe cwf bem £tfcbe liegcn. Stejettor, rodcbc 2te gefauft 
 
 which on to the table lie. The same which They bought 
 
 baben. SKit iDeldjett .fttnfcern fptelt "sbr ftetner SSruber ? 
 
 have. With to which children plays Their little brother ? 
 
 93vtt benfelben, xvcicbe Ste mttgebracbt babcn. Sr fagte 
 
 Wi'h to the :ame whom They with brought have. He said 
 
 fcaflel6e, was toiv von Slnterit gebert batten. 
 
 the same what we from to others heard had, 
 
 Which shoemaker ? The same who has made your 
 shoes. Which seamstress? The same who has made 
 your cloak. Which child ? The same that was here 
 just now. Which dog ? The same that has bitten you. 
 Which cat ? The same that is running there. Which 
 paper ? The same that you have torn. To which 
 servant did you give the order? To the same who has 
 served you. To which woman did you deliver the 
 letter ? To the same who opened the door for me. 
 To which child did you present the book ? To the 
 same whose ability you admired. Which letter did you 
 open? The same that the letter-carrier brought me. 
 4* 
 
82 
 
 EASY LESSONS IX GERMAN. 
 
 Which lady have yon instructed ? The same who 
 speaks German so well. Which spoons ? The same 
 that are lyirfg on the table. The same that you have 
 bought. With which children is your little brother 
 playing ? With the same whom you have brought 
 along. He said the same that we had heard from 
 others. 
 
 SDer, tie, 
 may be used instead of, 
 
 £tefer, biefe, 
 Setter, jjene, 
 £erjemge, biejemge, 
 
 And instead of 
 
 n>efd>er, tt>e(d)c, 
 
 in cases like the following ; 
 
 £er 5ftann, twtcfter (ber), 
 2Me gran, roetcbe (fcie), 
 :£a3 ,fttnb, "roetcheS (bag), 
 2 N erfentge / tt>elcber (ber), 
 Shejenicje, melcbe (fete), 
 £asjemge, wefcfjeg (ba$), 
 ^Derfetfre, roefcber (fcer), 
 25tefelbe, roefcbe (tie), 
 £a$felbe, welched v ba3), 
 
 bag, 
 
 btefeg, this. 
 
 jeneS, that, 
 basjemge, that, 
 
 toetcfreg, 
 
 the man who. 
 the woman who, 
 the child which, 
 he who. 
 she who. 
 that which. 
 
 > the same who. 
 
 the same which. 
 
 DECLENSION OF 
 
 wetcfcer (ber), toetche (bte), toeld}e$ (bag), 
 
 when used as above. 
 
 Masc. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Xeut. 
 
 Nom. SEBelcfter (ber), wefche (bte), toefcfyeS (bag). 
 
 Gen. Stiffen, berett, bejteiu 
 
 Dat. 9Beld)em (bent), wefcfter (ber), roefebem (bem), 
 
 Ace. 2Beld)en (ben), rceldie (bte), roe(d)eg (ba$). 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 83 
 
 Plural 
 
 Of the three genders, 
 
 Nom. SSMdje (tie). 
 
 Gen. Derem 
 
 Dat. Denen* 
 
 Ace. SQSefcftc (bte)* 
 
 Der (btefer) £cfcg> Diefe (bte) ftttty. 3ptefe$ (bag) spferb* 
 
 The (this) ox. This (the) cow. This (the) horse. 
 
 Dtefeg (bag) SWeffer. ©eben Ste mir ben (biefen) ?offef. 
 
 This the" knife. Give They to me the (this) spoon. 
 
 Sefett Sie bte (biefe) SBitcber ? 3n ben (biefen) 35ndberm 
 
 Read They the (these) hooks ? In to the (to these) books. 
 
 3n bem (btefem) Senate. Sin bem (btefem) £age* Der 
 
 In to the (to this) month. On to the (to that) day. The 
 
 (jener) fjfitg* Die (jene) 2rf)rift Dag (jeneg) £iitrfn Der 
 
 (that) place. The (that) writing. The (that; cloth. The 
 
 (berjentge) SJlann, n>e(cfrer axbeitet Die (btejemge) $ran, 
 
 (that) man who works. The (that) woman 
 
 tfletdje rite! iff. Dag (bagjenige) £inb, wetcbeg geberfam ift 
 
 who vain is. The (that) child which obedient is. 
 
 Tie (biejenigen) fente, tt>e(cbe gegemt>arttg ttarem Der 
 
 The (those) people who . present were. The 
 
 (berjentge) ©cbn, ber (tt>e(cber) bem SSater geborcfyh Die 
 
 (that) son the (who) to the father obeys. The 
 
 (btejenige) £ocbter, ttefabe (bte) tie SDtotfer fcerebrt Dag 
 
 (that) daughter who (the) the mother reveres. The 
 
 (bagjenige) $inb, toefcbeg (bag) artig ift. Tie gran, beren 
 
 (that) child which (the! kind is. The woman whose 
 
 Zod)tev er beiratbet Der 93iamt, beffen Scbn franf tfh 
 
 daughter he marries. The man whose son sick is. 
 
 3cf) acbte ?ente, beren ©runbfa&e gut (mb. Dag Such, befleit 
 
 I esteem people whose principles good are. The boo ■■ whose 
 
 3nba(t Sie fenrien. SSte beip en bte ^erfenen, beren S3etragen 
 
 contents They know. How are called the persons whose conduct 
 
 Sbncn migftetf 3Bo roebnett tie -airmen, benen n>ir -®efb 
 
 to them displeased ? Where live the poor people to whom we money 
 
 gaben ? Stennen Sie bte Damen, benen txnr begegneten ? 
 
 gave ? Know They the ladies to whom we met ? 
 
 @g i\i berfefbe $nabe, welder (ber) gefrent bier war. %i) 
 
 It is the same boy who (the) yesterday here was. I 
 
 lefe btefetbe Sefte, tozlfyt (tie) @ie getefen baben. Dafietbe 
 
 read the same page which (the) They read have. The same 
 
 25fott, welcbeg (bag) gerriffeit iff/ 
 
 leaf which (the) torn is- 
 
84 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Obs. When the words ber, bte, bag, &c are thus sub- 
 stituted for pronouns they are pronounced with em- 
 phasis, to distinguish them from the definite article. 
 
 This ox. This cow. This horse. This knife. Give 
 me this spoon. Read these books. In these books. 
 In this month. On that day. That place. That writ- 
 ing. That cloth. That man who works. That woman 
 who is vain. That child which is obedient. Those 
 people who were present. That son who obeys his 
 father. That daughter who reveres her mother. That 
 child which is kind. The woman whose daughter he 
 marries. That man whose son is sick. I esteem people 
 whose principles are good. The book whose contents 
 you are acquainted with. What are the names of the 
 persons whose conduct displeased you ? Where live 
 the poor people to whom we gave money ? Are you 
 acquainted with the ladies whom we met ? It is the 
 same boy who was here yesterday. I am reading the 
 same page which you have read. The same leaf which 
 is torn. 
 
 Sefien, of this, of that, of it. 
 
 Serer, of those. 
 
 £eren, of them. 
 
 Senen, to those. 
 
 3d) freue mid) beffen. £aS Slnbenfett berer, fete ttng 
 
 I joy myself of that. The memory of those who to us 
 
 ®ute$ erotefett fyafcen. Ser XaM berer, bt'e un3 lieben. 
 
 good shown have. The censure of those who us love. 
 
 3d) banfe benen, bte fid) nur gefatfig emeifen. ©eben 
 
 I thank to those who themselves to me obliging show. Give 
 
 ©ie mtr etnige ttcm benen, bte (2ie mix ge^etgt tjaben. $>aben 
 
 They to me a few of to those which They to me shown have. Have 
 
 @te fcuefe Sdntfer ? 3d) l>abe beren nur roemge* 
 
 They many pupils 1 I have of them only a few. 
 
 1 am glad of that. The memory of those who have 
 done us favours. The censure of those who love us. 
 I am grateful towards those who do me favours. Give 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 85 
 
 me a few of those which you have shown me. Have 
 you many pupils ? I have only a few, 
 
 Masc. 3>rgenb em, ) 
 
 Fem. Srgetfk cine, > all y* 
 
 Neut. Jrgenb etit, ) 
 
 Masc, 3rgenb enter, ) 
 
 Fem. Srgenb erne, V any one. 
 
 Neut. 3^nb eines, ) 
 
 3rgenb ettr»a3, anything, 
 
 Srgenb em grennb* Sfgenb etner* Srgenb etne $vau. 
 
 Any a friend. Any one. Any a woman. 
 
 3rgerib etne* S^genb etn 93Jdbcften. 3fgenb etne3. Srgenfc 
 
 Any one. Any a girl. Any one. Any 
 
 em SSanm. 3rgenb etner. Srgenb etne Strafe, S^genb 
 
 a tree. Any one. Any a street. Any 
 
 etne. Srgenb em 9#e(Tei\ Srgenb etne3. 3rgenb em>a£* 
 
 one. Any a knife. Any one. Any something. 
 
 3rgenb eitva$ D?ene3* Die §uffe trgenb eme£ grennbe^ 
 
 Any something new. The help of any a friend. 
 
 £te ©egenrcart trgenb enter gran ober trgenb eme£ tyiatdjenS. 
 
 The presence of any a woman or any a girl. 
 
 ©efcen Sie ben 33rief trgenb einem 23ncbha(ter. 3^9 en 2te 
 
 Give They the letter to any a clerk. &how They 
 
 ba$ Xud) trgenb enter gran ober trgenb etnem 93?dbcfaem 
 
 the handkerchief to any a woman or to any a girl. 
 
 (grfmetben Ste ci mit trgenb etnem 9^e)|er. D?nfen Ste 
 
 Cut They it with to any a knife. Cali They 
 
 trgenb etnen grennb. 5Bdb(en Ste trgenb etne Stimbe. 
 
 any a friend. Cho >se They any an hour. 
 
 ®e6en Ste mtr trgenb etn 33ncK £emmen Ste jii trgenb 
 
 Give They to me any a hook. Come They at to any 
 
 enter Sett. ' Ste fonnen btcfen itrtifel m trgenb einem gafeeit 
 
 a time. They can this article in to any a store 
 
 baben. 
 
 have. 
 
 Any friend. Any one. Any woman. Any one. 
 Any girl. Any one. Any tree. Any one. Any 
 street. Any one. Any knife. Any one. Anything. 
 Anything new. The assistance of any friend. The 
 
86 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 presence of any woman or any girl. Give the letter 
 to any clerk. Show the handkerchief to any woman 
 or any girl. Cut it with any knife. Call any friend. 
 Choose any hour. Give me any book. Come at any 
 time. You can have this article' at any store. 
 
 Masc. %ebev, 1 every, each, any, 
 Fem. !3ebe, > every one, any 
 Neut. 3eke3 r j one > either. 
 
 3eber$na6e* 3eter- 3ebe£erf)ter* 3ebe. Sebeg $tnb* 
 
 Every boy. Every one. Every daughter. Every one. Ever}' chili. 
 
 3fbe3* 3^cr Don intS bat e3 gefeben* @3 tji eta fpfetlcr 
 
 Every one hach of to us has it seen. It is a pillar 
 
 <wf jeber ©ette. ©te faint jebeg beutfrfje 33ucb lefem £te 
 
 on to ea?h side. She can any German book read. The 
 
 betben $naben befamen emeu Eetfar jeber. Sebeg Don biefen 
 
 both bovs received one doilar each. Each of to these 
 
 83itd)ent tjl tiitgltd)* dv befitcfyt ung jebett £ag etnmal. 
 
 books is useful. He visits us every day once. 
 
 3?ber Don tbnen weip e& 3^ber do« biefen betben 2Begen 
 
 Any one of to them know* it Either of to these both roads 
 
 fttbrt tit bte ©tabt, Sffitr QCiben jebem fiinf £>ol(ar$* $eber 
 
 leads into the town. ' We gave to each five dollars Anyone 
 
 Kon btcfen bret Jlnabeu tann e$ tbmu ©te fomtett ju jeber 
 
 of to these three boys can it do. They can at to any 
 
 3eit babtn gebem 
 
 time thither go. 
 
 Every boy. Every one. Every daughter. Every 
 one. Every child. Every one. Each of us saw it. 
 There is a pillar on each side. She can read any Ger- 
 man book The two boys received one dollar each. 
 Each of these books is useful. He caiis upon us once 
 every day. Any one of them knows it. Either of 
 these roads leads into town. We gave five dollars to 
 each. Any one of these three boys can do it. You 
 may go thither at any time. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 87 
 
 Mnsc. Fern. Npqt. 
 
 ©iter, cine, etneg, ? either 
 
 ©net) erne, tiimS Don betben, S 
 
 ©ner btefer betben Stitbte. ©ne btefer betben Ubrem 
 
 One of these both chairs. One of these both watches, 
 
 ©neg btefer betben ^Jferbe. (Sine ber betben >parteten. @tner 
 
 One of these both horses One of the both parties. One 
 
 Don ung bat Unrecfyt, Ste ober id). Diebmen Ste etne Don 
 
 of +o us has wrong They or I. Take They one of 
 
 btefen $n>et $ebem. Gnner Don metnen 35ritbern rmrb fommen* 
 
 to these two pens. One of to ray brothers will come. 
 
 Either of these chairs. Either of these watches. 
 Either of these horses. Either of the parties. Either 
 of us is wrong, you or I. Take either of these pens, 
 Either of my brothers will come. 
 
 $em, feme, fetn, not any, no. 
 Reiner, feme, fetne^, no one, none. 
 Reiner, feme, feme3 Don betben, neither. 
 
 Mein SMenfrf). Reiner, petite <&tabt. Steine. Stein 
 
 No man. None. No town. None No 
 
 ?anb. $cmeg* $eme $tnber. petite. Reiner untgte e3* 
 
 country. None. No ch liren. None No one knew it. 
 
 (£r febonte fetnetf grennbe^ 3d) ermnere mid) fetner 
 
 He spared of no friend I remember myself of no 
 
 grennbm btefe^ 9?amen3. gagen Ste e3 fetnem SMenfchem 
 
 friend of this name. Tell They it to no man. 
 
 SBBtr begegneten feiner $ran. SOBtr fpracfyen nut fetner* 3cf) 
 
 We met to no woman. We spoke wi;h to none. I 
 
 fenne fetnen gebneiber in btefer <Ztakt. 3d) fuebe fetnen. 
 
 know no tailor in to this town. 1 seek none. 
 
 &abm Ste SSrob ? 3d) babe fetnem Xvinfen Sfe £bee ? 
 
 Have They bread! I have none. Drink They teal 
 
 3d) trtnfe fetnen. £aben (Ete etne Settling ? 3d) babe 
 
 I drink none. Have They a newspaper. I have 
 
 feme. 3d) roar bet fetnem grennbe. 3d) gebe jn fetnem. 
 
 none. I was at to no friend. I go to to none. 
 
 ©ie bat feme 9iabelm SSrancfym ©te gebern ? 3d) brancbe 
 
 She has no needles. Want They pens ? I want 
 
 feme. £a3 Stini bat feme Scbnbe. 3d) erroartete jn>et 
 
 none. The child has no shoes: I expected two 
 
88 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ^rennbe, aber fetner t>on betben tarn. 3tf) fyah fetnen mil 
 
 friends but none of to both came. I have none of 
 
 betben gefetyem @r gab mtr jn>et 23itd)er, aber fetneg fcon 
 
 to both seen. He gave to me two books but none of 
 
 betben wax nnterbaltenb* dv tyat $n>et £anfer, aber er nntf 
 
 to both was amusing He has two houses, but he is willing 
 
 fetner Don betben vevfaufen. $etne ber betben ©ctyroeftew 
 
 none of to both to sell. None of the both sisters 
 
 bat gefnngen* Reiner ber betben £erren tft mnftfalifcf)* 3d) 
 
 has sung. None of the both gentleman is musical. I 
 
 tt>ar m fetner ber betben (gtdbte* Reiner fcon nn6 beiben t)at 
 
 was in none of the both cities. None of to us both has 
 
 eg getfyan* $etneg Don btefen betben ^pferben tfi bitbfrf), 
 
 it done. None of to these both horses is pretty. 
 
 No man. No one. No city. None. No country*. 
 None. No children. None. No one knew it. He 
 spared no friend. I do not remember any friend of this 
 name. Do not tell it to any man. We did not meet 
 any woman. We did not speak to any one. I do not 
 know any tailor in this town. I am not looking for any 
 one. Have you any bread ? I have none. Do you 
 drink tea ? I do not drink any. Have you a news- 
 paper ? I have none. I was with no friend. I am 
 not going to any one. She has no needles. Do you 
 want any pens ? 1 do not want any. The child has 
 no shoes. 1 expected two friends, but neither came. 
 I have not seen either. He ga.ve me two books, but 
 neilher was amusing. He has two houses, but he is not 
 willing to sell either. Neither of the sisters sung. 
 Neither of the two gentlemen plays on any instrument 
 of music. I have not been in either of the two cities. 
 Neither of us has done it. Neither of these two horses 
 is pretty. 
 
 Nom. S3etbe, both, bte beiben, the two. 
 
 Gen. SSeiDer, of both, ber betben, of the two. 
 
 Dat. S?eiben, to both, ben betben, to the two. 
 
 Ace. SSetbe, both, bte betben, the two. 
 SBetbeg, both things. 
 
 SSetbe (grfjroefkrn ffnb fcerfyetratfyet £ie betben Scfywe* 
 
 Both sisters are married. The both sis- 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 89 
 
 flew tt>of)ttett fyter* Ste beiben SSriiber fmb an&jegangem 
 
 ters live here. The both brothers are out gone. 
 
 @r fprarf) mtt beiben. Sag 2>ermogen ber beiben 23ruber 
 
 He spoke with to both. The fortune of the b th brothers 
 
 iff fel)r bebentenb* 3n ©egenwart beiber* S:icv ffnb gwei 
 
 is very significant. In presence of both. Here are two 
 
 SSrtcfe, lefeh ©ie beibe. $>abm S-te bie beiben SBrtefe gelefeit ? 
 
 letters, read They both. Have They the both letters read % 
 
 ®tc beibe fohnen fyingebem SB3tr beibe bletben bier. 
 
 They both can thither go. We both remain here. 
 
 SJietne beiben §&nbe* 9Btr nxtren bei betben grennben* 
 
 My both hands. We were at to both friends. 
 
 908tr fyaben mtt ben beiben gremben gefprodjcn. Sie fonnen 
 
 We have with to the both strangers spoken. They can 
 
 in beibe £aufer gefyem S&etcfyer Don beiben ? Sie roar 
 
 into both houses go. Which of to both 1 She was 
 
 finger ate eine t)on nn£ beiben. 5Qo tjl nttin §ut unto nteme 
 
 more prudent than one of to us both. Where is my hat a id my 
 
 903efte ? £ier ift beiben SRebmen Sie jeneri S3rief imb jeneS 
 
 waistcoat'? Here is both. Take They that letter and that 
 
 S5ittet 3d) babe betbe^* £aben ©te 3br 93ud) nnb 3bre 
 
 note. I have both. Have They Their book and Their 
 
 ©rf)iefertafe( ? 3d) babe beibe^ 
 
 slate 1 I have both. 
 
 Both sisters are married. Both sisters live here. Both 
 brothers have gone out. He spoke to both The for- 
 tune of both brothers is very large. In the presence of 
 both. Here are two letters, read both. Have you 
 read both of the letters ? Both of you may go thither. 
 Both of us will remain here. Both my hands. We 
 were with both friends. We have spoken to both of 
 the strangers. You may go into both houses. Which 
 of the two ? She was more prudent than either of us, 
 Where is my hat and my waistcoat ? Here are both. 
 Take that letter and that note ? I have both. Have 
 you your book and your slate ? I have both. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Sitter, atte, aUe$, ail. 
 Sttte, ail, every. 
 Silled, every thing. 
 
 Obs. Sitter, e, g, is declined like the definite article, 
 
90 EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Sitter SErojfc Strre ftoffmutg. 2lttc$ Harnett. 2(ttc bte 
 
 All consolation. AU hope All warning All the 
 
 ©a ile. fH?tr fmb a((e ba geroefen. Sllfe feme gfeuttfee* SfiBtr 
 
 guests We are all there been. All h's friends We 
 
 affe heben tbiu Side [cine Winter. £te 3itfriebenbett Sltfer* 
 
 all love him. All his children- The satisfaction of all. 
 
 25te 3ctb( alter ®a(Je. £er 9iatb alter fetner grennbe* SDfe 
 
 The number of all guests. The -advice of all his friends. The 
 
 (Srgtelumg a Her fetner gutter. Qa$ gefief 2(tfen. ©agen 
 
 education of all hi; children. That pleased to all. Tell 
 
 <2te eg alien Sbren ftrennben/ 3^) fenne atfe feme gutter. 
 
 They it to all Their i'r ends 1 know all his children. 
 
 M metn ©elb* 2itt feme £offmmg, 2111 mem £rcjl. @r 
 
 All my money All his hope. All my consolation. He 
 
 wctjj &He0. Me$ ill aerforen. S(tte Sabre. 3ltte gjtorgen. 
 
 k lows all. All is lost. All years. All mornings. 
 
 Sltfe 2l6cnb. 2ltte brei £age. Sltte jwei ©fimben. 
 
 All evenings. All three days. All two hours. 
 
 All consolation. All hope. All morning. All the 
 guests. All of as were there. All his friends. All of 
 us love him. All his children. The satisfaction of all. 
 The number of all the guests. The advice of all his 
 friends. The education of all his children. That 
 pleased all. Tell it to ail your friends. I know all his 
 children. All my money. All his hope. All my con- 
 solation. He knows every thing. All is lost. Every 
 year. Every morning. Every evening. Every three 
 days. Every two hours. 
 
 Masc. Fein. Neut. 
 
 Sing, ©ntger, etmge, etntgeg, some. 
 
 pj { (Smtge, some, a few. 
 
 ar ' l 5Dfebre r or mebrere, several. 
 Obs. (Siniger, e,e$, is declined like the definite article, 
 ©niger 3*tcfet\ ©mge 9?ut)e. -©nigeS Del StnigeS 
 
 Some sugar. Some rest Some oil. Some 
 
 ?eben. ®nu$e grennbe* @{nfge metner 93efanntem @tmge 
 
 life. Several friends. Several of my acquaintances. Some 
 
 Don btefen ?eutem £te ©egenwart emtger greunbe* %n 
 
 of to these people. The presence of some friends. In 
 
 eimgeu ?dnbern. ©te fanfte emige 2lepfe(. ©ie bat mebrere 
 
 to a few countries. She bought a few apples. She has several 
 
 3et'd)nungem SEtr baben mebrere 3twmer* 
 
 drawings. We have several rooms. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 91 
 
 Some sugar. Some rest. Some oil. Some life. 
 Several friends. Several of my acquaintances. Some 
 of these people. Tiie presence of some friends. In a 
 few countries. She bought a few apples. She has 
 several drawings. We have several rooms. 
 
 -QrtttXtS, some, something, anything. 
 9&&fify nothing. 
 
 ®xva$ SBein* @ttt>a$ Sfilild). (£twa$ 3?roi\ 3d) 6rattrf)e 
 
 Some wine Some m Ik. Some bread. I want 
 
 etoa3 papier imb etxva$ Zinte. Shaken gte etxva$ ftitfcfdjcg ? 
 
 some paper and some ink Have They anything pretty % 
 
 S)abm Ste ettva$ ©ute^ ? SBtffett (Etc etroati 9ieite3 ? 
 
 Have They something good 1 Know They anything new 1 ? 
 
 @ebert ©te mtr ettva$ ©e[b. (§ffm Ste gem etwag S-aureS ? 
 
 Give They to me some money. Eat They gladly something sour! 
 
 Sffittt er ettva$ ? Qv xviil tudht$* 3d) tranche nirftfg. @$ 
 
 Wants he anything A He wants nothing. 1 want nothing. It 
 
 ifi md)t$ ©ewobnttcfyeS* Grr gab nttr mcbtS ©cbatlidje^ 
 
 is nothing common. He gave to me nothing injurious. 
 
 Some wine. Some milk. Some bread. I want 
 some paper and some ink. Have yon anything pretty ? 
 Have yon anything good ? Do yon know of anything 
 new ? Give me some money. Do you likn something 
 sour? Does he want anything? He does not want 
 anything. I do not want anything. It is nothing 
 common. He gave me nothing injurious. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Nent. 
 
 Sing, mm; »eW>e, ttefcfp*, j so 
 93raucf)en Ste ^apter? £ter tft n>e[ite3 + Shaken @fe 
 
 Want They paper ] Here is some Have They 
 
 Staffce? $iev \)l wetdjew ftaben 2-ie Gutter? j^ter tfl 
 
 coffee 1 Here is some. Have They butter 1 Here is 
 
 ttekfye. 33rcwcf)en (Ste £bec ? 3rf) brcmdie \vcUi)ext. 
 
 some. Want They teal I want some. 
 
 SErinfen <£te miid) ? Set) trtnfe weMie. gffen ©te gfeifcfj ? 
 
 Drink They milk 1 I drink some. Eat They meat 1 
 
92 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 3cf) efie tt>efd)e3* £aben (£te (2rf)itbe? 3d) babe welcfje. 
 
 I eat some. Have They shoes 1 I have some 
 
 S?at er spferfce ? @r hat welcfye. 
 
 Has he horses 1 He has some. 
 
 Do you want any paper ? Here is some. Have you 
 any coffee ? Here is some. Have you any butter ? 
 Here is some. Do you want any tea ? I want some. 
 Do you drink milk ? I drink some. Do you eat meat ? 
 I eat some. Have you any shoes ? I have some. 
 Has he any horses ? He has some. 
 
 SStet, much, many. 
 
 SSiete, many. 
 
 SBBentg, little, few. 
 
 SEemge, few. 
 @m roenig, a little. 
 
 ©emig, enough. 
 
 SSemger, less, fewer. 
 
 SSiet SRefo aSiel ©erjle* SStel £eiu Sffiemg ^ftffer. 
 
 Much rice. Much barley. Much hay. Little pepper. 
 
 SOBentg 95riit>e* SOSentg gleifdn SBetn gemtg. SSaximwotte 
 
 Little broth. Little meat Wine enough Cotton 
 
 gemtg. Staffer gemtg* 2*itcf)er gemtg. SfBcnig ^ferfce. 
 
 enough. Water enough. Books enough. Few horses. 
 
 503emg S3nrfier* SEBentg $reurtt>e* ©eben Sfe mtr em tt>emg* 
 
 Few books. Few friends. Give They to me a little. 
 
 ©te baben tbm gemtg gegebeiu @te baben rnele ^(etber, id) 
 
 They have to him enough given. They have manv clothe*, I 
 
 babe nnr woemge* Stele ©olbaten. * 9iet)tnen Ste fo tne( ate 
 
 have only few. Many soldiers. Take They so much as 
 
 Ste tt>clten* 3d) (efe tttcf>t 33tele3, font em trieL SBBeiuger 
 
 They wish. I read not many things, but much. Less 
 
 Sdjfof. SSemger greube. Sffienigcr SBergniigeiu SBcniger 
 
 sleep. Less yj. Less pleasure. Fewer 
 
 SMtcfyer* SOBemger -greunbe* SSemger ©amen ate fterrem 
 
 books. Fewer friends. Fewer ladies than gentlemen. 
 
 Sffiemger 93uct)cr ate ©emdfre. SBentger £bee ate $affee. 
 
 Fewer books than portraits. Less tea than c.'»Jiee. 
 
 SBBeniger Mud)m ate SSrob. £er mete 9?egen. 3Dic tnele 
 
 Less cake than bread. The much rain. The much 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 93 
 
 Stt^e. £aS inefe SDBafier, Tic melon Serttrihfe* sfflcin 
 
 soup. The much water. The many reproaches My 
 
 Dteler Sffieuu getne Dtele 83aimtroottc* ©eiti meleg ©eto* 
 
 much wine. His much cotton. His much money. 
 
 Tcv roenige £abact Tie roentge 9D?ettcm* Sem tt>emgeg 
 
 The little tobacco The little medicine. His little 
 
 SSermogeiu SKeine roentgen greunbe* 
 
 fortune My few friends. 
 
 Obs. 25tet and toent'g when preceded by an article or 
 a possessive pronoun, are inflected like adjectives, (see 
 declension of adjectives). 
 
 Much rice. A good deal of barley. A good deal of 
 hay. Little pepper. Little broth. Little meat. 
 Enough wine. Enough cotton. Enough water. 
 Enough books. Few horses. Few books. Few 
 friends. Give me a little. You have given him enough. 
 You have many clothes, I have only a few. Many 
 soldiers. Take as much as you like. I do not read a 
 great many things, but much. Less sleep. Less joy. 
 Less pleasure. Fewer books. Fewer friends. Fewer 
 ladies than gentlemen. Fewer books than portraits. 
 Less tea than coffee. Less cake than bread. The 
 abundance of rain. The abundance of soup. The 
 abundance of water. The many reproaches. My 
 abundance of wine. His abundance of cotton. His 
 abundance of money. The small quantity of tobacco. 
 The small quantity of medicine. His small fortune. 
 My few friends. 
 
 9Webr, more. 9tcd) mcbv, some more. 
 
 rlur. 9tort) welcfye, S 
 
 ci- \ Mem feiite, fern ntebr, } rt ■ _„_ - f ov>Tr 
 Sin Z- *©*«£, *™i/ *p,w nt/h* (no more, not any 
 
 A 
 
 more. 
 
 I Sjttvnet, feme, feiueS mefyr, 
 Phtr. petite mejjf, 
 
 9D?et)r (5>etb. ^flebv mfjel 5)M)r Stypettt* $M)r £otj* 
 
 More money. More rest. More appetite. More wood. 
 
 SOJebr ©o(b ate ei(6er. 3Ref>r gmmbe ate gembe. 3d) 
 
 More gold than silver. More friends than enemies. I 
 
94 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN* 
 
 brand)? nod) ©eft). 3d) tranche nod) it>e(rf)e3* $>ahen ©ie 
 
 want yet money I want yet some. Have They 
 
 nod) ©rob ? ©eben Ste mir nod) 5Baffcr> frier tft nod) 
 
 yet bread 1 Give They to me yet water. Here is yet 
 
 iwlcfyeg. #aben Ste tnele SBudjer? Srf) babe mebr alS 
 
 some. Have They many books % I have more than 
 
 mem SBruber. $?at er nod/n>elcbe ? £aben Sie nod) itinte ? 
 
 my brother. Has he yet some 1 Have They yet inkl 
 
 3d) babe feme June mebr. 3d) babe feme mebr* 3d) babe 
 
 I have no ink more 1 have none more. I have 
 
 nocf) tt>elcf)e. £aben Sie nod) g(eifd) ? Set) babe fern g(etfd) 
 
 yet some. Have They yet meat? I have no meat 
 
 mebr. S'"f) babe fetneg mebr. &aben @ie nod) 2Bem? 3d) 
 
 more. I have none more. Have They yet wine 1 I 
 
 babe nod) tt>eldien. £ter tfi nod) wetdjer* SSrauchen Ste 
 
 have yet some. Here is yet some. Want They 
 
 nod) ©enmrg ? 3d) brcmrfje fetne$ mebr. £aben Sie nod) 
 
 yet spice 1 I want none more. Have They yet 
 
 etntge gefcern ? 3d) babe feme mebr. SSBietriel ©elb baben 
 
 a few pensl I have none more. How much money have 
 
 Sie nod) ? 3d) babe nod) frinf £otfar£. frabm (Bfe* fern 
 
 They yet 1 I have yet five dollars. Have They no 
 
 ©elb mebr ? 3d) bftbe"femeg mebr. $anfen Sie nod) emtge 
 
 money morel I have none more. Buv They yet a fe"^ 
 
 ftemben ? 3d) femfe feme tnebr* Stiffen ©te nod) emtge 
 
 shirts 1 I buy none more. Know They yet a few 
 
 SEBorter ? 3d) wctg feme mebr. 3d) rc>et$ nod) roeldje. 
 
 words 1 I know none more. I know yet some. 
 
 Obs. More is translated by nod) in an affirmative 
 sentence, and by mebr in a negative sentence. JJod) 
 precedes the word it qualifies and mebr follows it. 9tod) 
 also stands at the end of a phrase in an interrogative sen- 
 tence like, UBtetnel baben ©te nod) ? 
 
 More money. More rest. More appetite. More 
 wood. More gold than silver. More friends than 
 enemies. I want more money. I want some more. 
 Have you any more bread ? Give me some more 
 water. Here is some more. Have you many books ? 
 I have more than my brother. Has he some more ? 
 Have you any more ink? I have no more ink. I 
 have some more. Have you any more- meat ? I have 
 no more meat. I have no more. Have you some 
 more wine ? I have some more. Here is some more. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 95 
 
 Do you want any more spice ? I want no more. Have 
 you a few more pens ? I have no more. How much 
 more money have you ? I have five dollars more. 
 Have you no more money ? I have no more. Do you 
 buy a few more shirts? I buy no more. Do you 
 know a few more words. I know no more, I know 
 some more. 
 
 SDtefejr; fctefe, fctefes?, this or the latter. 
 Setter, jene, jeneg, that or the former. 
 
 SKMcfieS - son bfefetj itucfcern jiefceh ©ie »or? (3tefcen 
 
 Which of to the- e handkerchiefs draw They before 1 (Do 
 
 Ste fcer?) 3d) jtebe btefeg jencm tfoiv (Set) giebe Dor.) 
 
 They prefer 1) I craw this to that before. (I prefer.) 
 
 SEdMen Ste untcr btcfen SBliimett, itebmen Sie ttefc cber jcne, 
 
 Choose They amorg to these flowers, take They these or those. 
 
 SDtefeg ^Jferb gefattt mir bejjer ate jerttf* liefer 21pfet ifl 
 
 This horse pleases to me better than that. This apple is 
 
 fcefier ate jeuer* £tefe Strncu ftnb wctcfrer ate jene* 3d) 
 
 better than that. These pears are mellower than those. I 
 
 babe Sobcum imb Scpbte gefeben ; btcfe trar im goujerte 
 
 have John and Sophia seen ; this was in to the concert 
 
 unb jencr im Zbeatev. 9)icm ©ruber unb metne grfwefier 
 
 and that in to the theatre. My brother and m}~ sister 
 
 ttaren franf ; jener batte bte SKafern unb btcfe em gtefcer, 
 
 were sick ; that had the measles and this a fever. 
 
 93etbe, SEbeober imb £ctnricb fmb metne ©ruber ; jener tft 
 
 Both, Theodore and Henry are my brothers ; that is 
 
 ad)t %abv ait imb btefer jebn. 
 
 eight years old and this ten. 
 
 Which of these handkerchiefs do you prefer? I prefer 
 this to that. Choose among these flowers, take these 
 or those. I like this horse better than that. This 
 apple is better than that. These pears are mellower 
 than those. I saw John and Sophia; the latter was 
 at the concert and the former at the theatre. My bro- 
 ther and my sister were sick ; the former had the mea- 
 sles and the latter a fever. Both Theodore and Henry 
 are my brothers ; the former is eight years old and the 
 latter ten, 
 
96 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 £er, tie, bag, erne, the one. 
 £er, bte, bag, anbere, the other. 
 
 Ser cine ift jit fttrj, ber anbcre ju fang. £>te etne tjl ju 
 
 The one is 100 short, the other too long. The one is too 
 
 alt, bit anbere ijt jit jttng* Sag etne tjl gut, bag anbere 
 
 old, the other is too young. The one is good, the other 
 
 tfi fcfyecfyt* 22o ftnb 3bre betben SSritber? Ser etne tjl 
 
 is bad. Where are i heir two brothers 1 The one is 
 
 im £immev, ter anbere tfi anggegangem 2Bag tfyun 3bre 
 
 in to the room, the ether is outgone. What do Their 
 
 (Sdhu>eftern ? 2Me eine mty, bte ant ere ftttft Ser eine bat 
 
 sisters 1 The one sews, the other embroiders. The one has 
 
 fcejablt, ber anbere unit ntergen bejahlen. 3d) babe jn>et 
 
 paid the other is willing to-morrow to pay. I have two 
 
 spferbe gefauft; bag etne foftet fttttf jig Cellar £, bag anbere 
 
 horses bought : the one costs fifty dollars, the other 
 
 bretptg* dv \jat gn>ei jlnaben, ber etne betft Qrbuarb, ber 
 
 thirty. He has two boys, the one is called Edward, the 
 
 anbere fiaxL 
 
 other Charles. 
 
 The one is too short, the other too long. The one 
 is too old, the other too young. The one is good, the 
 other is bad. Where are your two brothers ? The 
 one is in the room, the other has gone out. What are 
 your sisters doing? The one is sewing, the other is 
 embroidering. The one has paid, the other is willing 
 to pay to-morrow. I have bought two horses ; the 
 one cost fifty dollars and the other thirty. He has 
 two boys ; ttie name of the one is Edward and that of 
 the other Charles. 
 
 5tfancber, tnancfye, mancbeg, many a, many a one. 
 SWandje, many, some. 
 
 9Dtancf)er SDtamu 9D?anrf)er. 5D?anrf)e Tame. Sftancfye. 
 
 Many a man. Many a one Many a lady. Many a one. 
 
 3Q?amteg Mn& SKanrtcg, 9)ianrf)e ?ente* SKandje. 
 
 Many a child Many a one. Many a people. Many. 
 
 9Kand)eg SWenfcfyett ©htd 3Kand)er Same Slnjug, 25tc 
 
 Many a man's fortune. Many a lady's dress. The 
 
 (grgtebnng mancbeg Jvinbeg* dv bat mancfyem SJrmen gefyolfem 
 
 education of many a child. He has to many a poor man helped. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 97 
 
 Steel gefdfft martlet 2tame* £te ©efdtttgfett ntancfyer gepte, 
 
 That pleases to many a lady. The complaisance of many people. 
 
 9Kand)cn ?euten fel)(t ed am SRotbtgftetu 3d) fcerftebe 
 
 To many people fails it on to the most necessary. I understand 
 
 mcmdje Sffierte* £a3 tjl ber ©efcraud) in ntattcfyen gatntften* 
 
 many words. That is the custom in to many families. 
 
 Many a man. Many a one. Many a lady. Many 
 a one. Many a child. Many a one. Some people. 
 Some. The fortune of many a man. The dress of 
 many a lady. The education of many a child. He 
 has assisted many a poor man. That pleases many a 
 lady. The complaisance of some people. Many people 
 are wanting the most necessary things. I understand 
 some words. That is the custom in many families. 
 
 ©ofdjer, fofdje, foldjeJ, such. 
 ©oltf> em, fold) erne, fold) em, ? suc h a 
 ©nfoldjer, emefolcfye, em fofdjeg, 5 " 
 
 ©ofdjer 3ttrirm ©ofcfye ©etbe* ©oldie^ ^Better. ©otd)e 
 
 Such thread. Such silk. Such weather. Such 
 
 ${etbet\ ©o(d) em $att Sin folcfjer ^reunb. ©old) erne 
 
 clothes. Such a case. A such friend. Such an 
 
 SDWnnng* ©ne felcfje 2tnttt>ort* Sold) em SSertatgen* 
 
 opinion. A such answer. Such a demand. 
 
 ©n foldjeg £bten (gelcfye SSriefe* £er 9>ret$ fofdjeg 3 UC ^3* 
 
 A such animal. Such letters. The price of such sugar. 
 
 £er ©efdnnatf fofcfyer gfetfcfybrnbe* £er @enu$ foldjeg 
 
 The taste of such broth. The use of such 
 
 gletfcfye^ £er Zvoft emeS foldjen grcunfce& 2>cr ©obn 
 
 meat. The consolation of a such friend. The son 
 
 etner folcfjen SDJutter* St'e ©tern -euteg fofcfjen $mbe& ©n 
 
 of a such mother. The parents of a such child. A 
 
 3entner Don fotcfyem 3utfer* ©uppe Don fofdjem $(etfd)e* 
 
 hundred-weight of to such sugar. Soup of to such meat. 
 
 9tdl)en ©ie mit feldjcr ©ctbe ? SOBoDfen ©te felcfyeg papier 
 
 Sew They with to such silk 1 Will They such paper 
 
 fanfen ? £aben ©te fd)en fofcfje ©cfyntetferftnge gefet)en ? 
 
 buy 1 Have They already such butterflies seen 1 
 
 £er SBerfanf fo(d)er SiSaaretu @e{)t er mit foldben ^perfonen 
 
 The sale of such goods. Goes he with to such persons. 
 
 urn ? 3d) acfyte fotcfye Seute* 
 
 about 1 I esteem such people, 
 
 5 
 
98 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Such thread. Such silk. Such weather. Such 
 clothes. Such a case. Such a friend. Such an 
 opinion. Such an answer. Such a demand. Such 
 an animal. Such letters. The price of such sugar. 
 The taste of such broth. The use of such meat. The 
 consolation of such a friend. The son of such a mother. 
 The parents of such a child. A hundred weight of 
 such sugar. Soup of such moat. Do you sew with 
 such silk. Will you buy such paper ? Have you 
 already seen such butterflies ? The sale of such goods. 
 Does "he associate with such persons ? I esteem such 
 people. 
 
 ADJECTIVES, 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE REFERRING TO A NOUN. 
 
 £er 95?amt ift gut. Ta$ Setter ifi fd)on. £iefe $rcm 
 
 The man is good. The weather is fair. This woman 
 
 tft arm. £er Dd)S ifi fett. £ie SDtau* ift Heitr. SKera 
 
 is poor, The ox is fat. The mouse is little. My 
 
 spferb ifi a\U 3br Midt> ifi ^fijjfidj. £cr Strirf ifi fang. 
 
 horse is old. Her dress is ugly. The rope is long. 
 
 2Me Dtetfe n>ar fur j. 2>er finahe ijl franf* £iefe$ S3ud) ifi 
 
 The journey was short. The boy is sick. This book is 
 
 nu|P)* Wlein Setter Ifi retd). £ag 9SJ?dbd)en tfl gefdndt 
 
 useful. My cousin is rich The girl is skilful. 
 
 £iefe SReirigfeti tfl mtr angenebm. 3ener 9fftann tfl blxnb. 
 
 This news is to me agreeable. That man is blind. 
 
 £iefe£ SSaffer tfl fehr fitf?, £er £tfd) tfl ntnb. 35tefe 
 
 This water is very sweet. The table is round. This 
 
 ?etnwcmb ifi xvei$. £a3 J'ttrf) roav fcfcwarj. S'er Sfyfel tfl 
 
 linen is white. The cloth was black The apple is 
 
 rotf)- £tefe$ Sffiadf)^ tfl gc!6. £te Sttitte tfl Maxu Unfere 
 
 red This wax is yellow- The ink is blue. Our 
 
 SBiefen fmb grim. 3f)r Sletfe nmr bratm. Jester 3«rfer tfl 
 
 meadows are green. Her dre>s was brown. That sugar is 
 
 fyart £tefer £tntrm ift bed). Xk grennbin tfl ibm tfyeuer* 
 
 hard. This steeple is high. The (f) friend is to him dear. 
 
 2>te Settung tfl neit. Unfere Winter fmb artig. Ste waxen 
 
 The newspaper is new. Our children are kind. They were 
 
 g(itcflid). 2>te Slrbeiter ftttb flet£tg. Ta$ tfl ibm fd)dbftd). 
 
 lucky The workmen are industrious. That is to him injurious. 
 
 3d) bin tnit ibm jufrieten. Sein S3efttd) ifi nn$ nnttfommeiu 
 
 I am with to Jura satisfied. His visit is to us welcome. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 99 
 
 @r tjt befiTen tt>iirbtg> 2>te Sffitefcerholmtg t# tfyr Ictf% 
 
 He is of that worthy. The repetition is to her burdensome. 
 
 ®te nmrfce franf, @r Uieh unnnfifenfcu 
 
 She became sick. He remained ignorant. 
 
 Ohs. The above phrases are construed alike in Ger- 
 man and English. The adjective refers to a noun in the 
 nom. case with which it is connected by fern, to be y or 
 another neuter verb. The German adjective thus 
 employed is not changed according to the gender or 
 number of the noun to which it refers. There is a 
 slight difference in the position of the words between 
 the two languages in phrases like this, btefe 9iemgfett ift 
 mix cmgenebm, this news is agreeable to me, the adjective 
 closing the sentence in German, while in English it is 
 followed by to me. From this we derive the general 
 rule that in German a personal pronoun thus connected 
 with an adjective precedes it. 
 
 The man is good. The weather is fair. This wo- 
 man is poor. The ox is fat. The mouse is little. My 
 horse is old. Her dress is ugly. The rope is long. 
 The journey was short. The boy is sick. This book 
 is useful. My cousin is wealthy. The girl is skilful. 
 This news is agreeable to me. That man is blind. 
 This water is very sweet. The table is round. This 
 linen is white. The cloth was black. The apple is 
 red. This wax is yellow. The ink is blue. Our 
 meadows are green. Her dress was brown. That sugar 
 is hard. This steeple is high. The (female) friend is 
 dear to him. The newspaper is new. Our children 
 are kind. They were lucky. The workmen are in- 
 dustrious. That is injurious to him. I am satisfied 
 with him. His visit is welcome to us. He is worthy 
 of that. The repetition is burdensome to her. She 
 became sick. He remained ignorant. 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDING A NOUN AND BEING 
 PRECEDED BY THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 £er Qixte SOcantt* £te Qute graiu Sag gute $inb* 
 
 The good man. The good woman. The good child. 
 
100 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Der fcfjone SSogeL Die fcfyone (gtabt* Dag fcf>6ne ?atsfc< 
 
 The beautiful bird. The beautiful town. The beautiful country. 
 
 Der gro£e Stem* £te fleine Stu6e. Sag neue £aug, 
 
 The big stone. The little room. The new house. 
 
 Der afte Scfjui)* Dag nit^ticfye 23ud)* Die arme SBatfe* 
 
 The old shoe. The useful book. The poor orphan. 
 
 Der reid)e $aufmann+ Dag btinbe £ubm Die angenefyme 
 
 The wealthy merchant. The blind chicken. The pleasant 
 
 2nft Der fitge 58em* Die fcfyabltcfye gpeife* Dag wetge 
 
 air. The sweet wine. The injurious food. The white 
 
 $(etb. Der fcfyroarje £ut Dag rotfye £urf)* Dag gelbe 
 
 dress. The black hat. The red cloth. The yellow 
 
 aSanb* Die biane garbe* Zie grime 2Biefe. Der braune 
 
 ribbon. The blue colour. The green meadow. The brown 
 
 ^afee. Die bot)e 9D?auer, 
 
 coffee. The high wall. 
 
 The good man. The good woman. The good child. 
 The beautiful bird. The beautiful town. The beauti- 
 ful country. Tiie big stone. The little room. The 
 new house. The old shoe. The useful book. The 
 poor orphan. The wealthy merchant. The blind 
 chicken. The pleasant air. The sweet wine. The 
 injurious food. The white dress. The black hat. 
 The red cloth. The yellow ribbon. The blue colour. 
 The green meadow. The brown coffee. The high 
 wall. 
 
 DECLENSION. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Nom. Der gate, bie gute, bag gute, the good. 
 Gen. Deg guten, ber guten, beg guten, of the good. 
 Dat. Dem guten, ber guten, bent guten, to the good. 
 Ace. ^cn guten, ik gute, bag gute, the good. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 ui me inree genaers. 
 
 Nom. Die guten, the good. 
 
 Gen. Der guten, of the good. 
 
 Dat. Den guten, to the good. 
 
 Ace. Zic guten, the good. 
 
EASF LESSONS IN GERMAN. 101 
 
 CRITICAL SYNOPSIS. 
 
 When the adjective is preceded by the definite article, 
 the nominative singular of the three genders and the 
 accusative singular of the feminine and neuter genders 
 end in e* All the other cases of the singular and plu- 
 ral numbers end in em 
 
 £cr Sktter be£ gutett ftnaben. £te Sautter ber guten 
 
 The father of the good boy. The mother of the good 
 
 Zcditev. £te ©rent be3 gutett £utbe& £er ©ofyn be3 
 
 daughter. The parents of the good child. The son of the 
 
 gutett 9Kantte$*' ®eben ©te bem gutett jttttbe et\x>a$+ 
 
 good man. Give They to the good child something. 
 
 33rtngen ©te bem guteu Statute emeu ©tul)L 3d) faufe bem 
 
 Bring They to the good man a chair. I buy to the 
 
 guteu 90?dbrf)en emeu £ut £a£ Such be£ fletgtgen ©d)u(er3* 
 
 good girl a bonnet. The book of the industrious pupil. 
 
 £er S^ut be3 Hettten SJKafcdjettS* £er ©ruber be3 tteutett 
 
 The bonnet of the little girl. The brother of the little 
 
 Mnabexx. 9?nfen ©te ba£ Heme 9)tdbd)en+ ^euneu ©te ben 
 
 boy. Call They the little girl. Know They the 
 
 juugeu 9Wettfd)en ? @r fcejTgt ba£ fcfyone &axi$. dv legte 
 
 young man"? He possesses, the beautiful house. He laid 
 
 ba6 wetge ^fetb auf beu ruubeu £tfd). 23te leere ©cfyiififet 
 
 the white dress on the round table. The empty dish 
 
 fief)t auf bem grogen Sttfdje* 2?te etnjtge $ivd)e ttt ber Hetuett 
 
 stands on to the large table. The only church in to the little 
 
 ©tabt SSrtttgen ©te bie nette, fcfytixtrje SGBefte* Ete fletptgen 
 
 town Bring They the new black vest. The industrious 
 
 ©obne be3 armeu SD?attne$* £te Stufgabeu ber aufmerffameu 
 
 sons of the poor man. The lessons of the attentive 
 
 ©emitter* 3>ie ^fetber ber fieinen 9Rabd)en* 2>te fyitbfcfyen 
 
 pupils. The clothes of the little girls The pretty 
 
 £utte ber retcfyett £anten* £a3 arme Sftdbcfyen hat von ben 
 
 bonnets of the wealthy ladies. The poor girl has from to the 
 
 retcfyen Sattten emeu neueu S^nt befommetu %ei$en ©te ben 
 
 wealthy ladies a new bonnet received. Show They to the 
 
 ffetueu ftuabett bte fyttbfcfyen Sttber* ©cfyeufen ©te ben 
 
 little boys the pretty pictures. Present They to the 
 
 armeu SSKdbcfyett bte aftett ^fetber. 
 
 poor girls the old clothes. 
 
 The father of the good boy. The mother of the 
 good daughter. The parents of the good child. The 
 son of the good man. Give the good child something. 
 
102 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Bring the good man a chair. I am purchasing a bonnet 
 for the good girl. The book of the industrious pupil. 
 The bonnet of the little girl. The brother of the little 
 boy. Call the little girl. Do you know the young 
 man ? He possesses the beautiful house. He laid the 
 white dress on the round table. The empty dish is 
 standing on the large table. The only church in the 
 little town. Bring the new black vest. The industri- 
 ous sons of the poor man. The lessons of the attentive 
 pupils. The clothes of the little girls. The pretty 
 bonnets of the wealthy ladies. The poor girl received 
 a new bonnet from the wealthy ladies. Show the little 
 boys the pretty pictures. Present to the poor girls the 
 old clothes. 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDING A NOUN AND BEING 
 PRECEDED BY THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE. 
 
 din alter 9Kamt. dine aite $rau. din alte$ £attg* 
 
 An old man. An old woman. An old house. 
 
 din langer ©tod dim fartge ©tra$e* din (angeg $Ietb* 
 
 A long stick. , A long street. A long dress. 
 
 din groper gtfrf). dine groge $artefeL din gro£e3 ©fa£* 
 
 A large nNh. A large potato. A large glass. 
 
 din fteinev 26fifeL dine Heine £afre* din tleine$ defter. 
 
 A little spoon. A little cup. A little knife. 
 
 din junger 9Ef?enftf). dine jwige Same, din fitter 21pfeL 
 
 A young man. A young lady. A sweet apple. 
 
 Grttte fu£e 33trne* din fiifjeg ©etrant din retcfyer 33auet\ 
 
 A sweet pear. A sweet beverage. A rich farmer. 
 
 (Sine gefrf)icfte iebxevin. din' fd)tt>ere$ 33etL dine 
 
 A skilful (female) teacher. A heavy hatchet. An 
 
 angenefyme Unterfyalttmg* din fupfemer $eflfeL din 
 
 agreeable conversation. A copper kettle. A 
 
 tetnene^ Qanbtnd). dine golbene £afd)enuf)t\ din eifemer 
 
 linen towel. A golden pocket clock. An iron 
 
 Dfetu din jumenteg Sffiafdbberfen. din ft(6erner ?eudf)tet\ 
 
 stove A pewter wash-basin. A silver candlestick. 
 
 din Ued)evnev dimev* dine jietnerne 93anf* din fetbeneg 
 
 A tin pail. A stone bench. A silk 
 
 Stleio. din baunwotfeneg Qemb. din softener ©trumpf, 
 
 dress. A cotton shirt. A woolen stocking* 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 103 
 
 din f)of$erne£ ^3ferb. din trbener JEopf* @tit papierener 
 
 A wooden horse. An earthen pot. A paper 
 
 Umfcfyag* @n teberner SSeuirf* Sine Weterne 25itd)fe. 
 
 cover. A leathern purse. A leaden box. 
 
 (iin ftdbleruer gtngerbuh Sin mefftngener $nopf* 
 
 A steel thimble. A brass button. 
 
 An old man. An old woman. An old house. A 
 long stick. A long street. A long dress. A big fish. 
 A large potato. A big glass. A little spoon. A 
 small cup. A little knife. A young man. A young 
 lady. A sweet apple. A sweet pear. A sweet bever- 
 age. A wealthy farmer. A skilful (female) teacher. 
 A heavy hatchet. An agreeable conversation. A 
 copper kettle. A linen towel. A gold watch. An 
 iron stove. A pewter wash-basin. A silver candlestick. 
 A tin pail. A stone bench. A silk dress. A cotton 
 shirt. A woolen stocking. A wooden horse. An 
 earthen pot. A paper cover. A leathern purse. A 
 leaden box. A steel thimble. A brass button. 
 
 DECLENSION. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Nom. (gin guter, etne gute, cm gitteS, a good. 
 
 Gen. ©neg guten, enter gutett, etne£ guten, of a good. 
 
 Dat. (Jtnem guten, emer guten, etnem guten, to a good. 
 
 Ace. ©nen guten, etne gute, tin gute3, a good. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Of the three genders. 
 
 Nom. ®nte, good. 
 Gen. ©nter, of good. 
 Dat. ©uten, to good. 
 Ace. ©ute, good. 
 
 CRITICAL SYNOPSIS. 
 
 When the adjective is preceded by the indefinite arti- 
 cle, the nominative terminates in r, e, g, like ber,bie, ba3* 
 The accusative of the feminine and neuter ends like the 
 
104 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 respective nominatives. In the two other cases it ter- 
 minates in en* The corresponding plural is declined 
 like the plural of the definite article. 
 
 25ie gocbter erneS retdien StanfmatmS. SDte Slnfitnft enter 
 
 The daughter of a rich merchant. The arrival of a 
 
 jmtgen (Snglanberin* 2Xe Zbitv eftteg fteinen 3^ me ^* 
 
 young Englishwoman. The door of a little room. 
 
 S)fe ©djjjppen etneS gre£en §ifd)e3> 2>ie £dlfte eitter gre£en 
 
 The scales of a large fish. The half of a large 
 
 tfartoffeL £ie £(inge eineS ffeinen SWefferS* £er giei£ 
 
 potato. The blade of a little knife. The industry 
 
 emeS jmtgen SKenfcfyetu <5r tranf att£ etnem grc£en ©tafe* 
 
 of a young man. He drank out to a large glass. 
 
 3d) fprarf) mit etner jmtgen Same. 3d) babe fca3 ^3ferb 
 
 I spoke with to a young lady. I have the horse 
 
 etnem retcfyen SBcwer fcerfanfh (Sr fyat $tt>et 3?tnge nefcjl eitter 
 
 to a rich farmer sold. He has two rings together with to a 
 
 getbenen £afcbemtbr fcerpfdnbet SBtr faffcu auf etner 
 
 golden watch pawned. We sat on to a 
 
 fteinernen 35anf* Sie fod)t ba^ g(eifrf) m etnem trbenen 
 
 stone bench. She boils the meat in to an earthen 
 
 £epfe* Sie trdg't ein fange£ £(eib* 3d) brancfye emen fteuten 
 
 pot. She wears a long dress. I want a little 
 
 SoffeL @flfen Sie gern etnen fufen 2lpfel ? 3d) Jtefye eine 
 
 spoon. Eat They willingly a sweet apple 1 I draw a 
 
 fitpe 23tme etnem fii£en SJpfel Dor. (3d) gtebe bor*) £>abcn 
 
 sweet pear to a sweet apple before. (I prefer.) Have 
 
 pie ein leuteneg £anbtnd) ? 5Ketne SOintter §at erne ftlberne 
 
 They a linen towel 1 My mother has a silver 
 
 Sdjere. SJrme %mte+ Sitberne SoffeL 2ange ©terfe. 
 
 scissors. Poor people. Silver spoons. Long sticks. 
 
 9?etd)e SSauertu SOBetrfje SStrnem 25te Unterbaltnng junger 
 
 Rich farmers. Mellow pears. The conversation of young 
 
 jCcmtem £er ©enup fiifer SJepfeL £er ©ebrand) fnpferner 
 
 ladies. The use of sweet apples. The use of copper 
 
 StitffiL @r banbelt nttt gcfbenen £afcbenubrem Ste bracbten 
 
 kettles. He trades with to golden watches. They brought 
 
 Staffer in fclecfjenten Stntern, <2te fapen anf fteinernen 
 
 water in to tin pails. They sat on to stone 
 
 SBdttfett* &aben ©te baumwotfene £emben ? jfanfen Sie 
 
 benches. Have They cotton shirts 1 Buy They 
 
 toettene ©trimtpfe ? Ste fcerferttgen irbene Xopfe. £aben 
 
 woolen stockings 1 They make earthen pots. Have 
 
 ®te ftdMerne gtngerf>ttte ? 
 
 They steel thimbles 1 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 105 
 
 The daughter of a wealthy merchant, The arrival 
 of a young English woman. The door of a little room. 
 The scales of a large fish. The half of a large potato. 
 The blade of a little knife. The industry of a young 
 man. He drank out of a large glass. I spoke with 
 a young lady. I sold the horse to a wealthy farmer. 
 He has pawned two rings together with a gold 
 watch. We sat on a stone bench. She boils the meat 
 in an earthen pot. She wears a long dress. I want 
 a little spoon. Do you like a sweet apple ? I prefer 
 a sweet pear to a sweet apple. Have you a linen 
 towel ? My mother has a pair of silver scissors. Poor 
 people. Silver spoons. Long sticks. Wealthy farmers, 
 Mellow pears. The conversation of young ladies. 
 The use of sweet apples. The use of copper kettles. 
 He deals in gold watches. They brought water in 
 tin pails. They sat on stone benches. Have you 
 cotton shirts ? Do you purchase woolen stockings ? 
 They make earthen pots. Have you steel thimbles ? 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE NOT BEING PRECEDED BY ANY ARTICLE 
 IN THE SINGULAR NUMBER. 
 
 DECLENSION* 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Masc. Fem. Neut. 
 
 Nom. @ater, gute, gute3, good or some good. 
 
 Gen - j ©men, ^'fum, \ ^ good or of some good. 
 Dat. ©utem, guter, gutem, to good or to some good. 
 Ace. @uten, gate, gute3, good or some good. 
 
 Obs. The above declension is the same as that of 
 the definite article. The genitive of the masculine and 
 neuter sometimes, for the sake of euphony, assumes en* 
 The corresponding plural is declined like that of the 
 definite article, and has been shown in the declension of 
 the adjective preceded by the indefinite article. 
 5* 
 
106 EAS7 LE3SONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ®uter 2Bein. ®ute mid), ©uteg Dct. €d)Ud\ter 
 
 Good wine. Good milk. Good oil. Bad 
 
 tdflfec. <£cf)(ed)te ©utter. @d)fed)te3 aBajfer. Stotber 
 
 coffee. Bad butter. Bad water. Red 
 
 >JEBeitn 9?o% $arbe, SOSeiffe 2Gafrf)e. gd)tt>ar$eg £ud£ 
 
 wine. Red colour. White linen. Black cloth. 
 
 Stobe 23aunm>otte* ^rifrf)e3 £M. geineg @afj. ©ute£ 
 
 Raw cotton. Fresh oil. Fine salt. Good 
 
 5)?ef)L £er 9)ret3 gttteg (guten) 9Wef)te. £er @e[d)tttacf 
 
 flour. The price of good (of good) flour. The taste 
 
 frf)(erf)ten $ajfee^ Xxinhn Ste grimen %\)tt ? £aben ©te 
 
 of bad coffee. Drink They green teal Have They 
 
 rotfyett %Bein ? @r Derfauft robe 35atmttt)oUe. 3d) Itebe @fe 
 
 red wine 1 He sells raw cotton. I love Them 
 
 Den gcm^em Syx^cn. Sie $(inge tjl son gutem ©tabL 
 
 from to whole heart. The blade is of to good steel. 
 
 Good wine. Good milk. Good oil. Bad coffee. 
 Bad butter. Bad water. Red wine. Red colour. 
 Clean linen. Black cloth. Raw cotton. Fresh oil. 
 Fine salt. Good flour. The price of good flour. The 
 taste of bad coffee. Do you drink green tea ? Have 
 you red wine ? He sells raw cotton. I love you with 
 all my heart. The blade is of good steel. 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDED Br 
 
 liefer, btefe, btefeS, this. 
 
 Setter, jene, jetted, that, 
 
 ©etcher ? n>e(ct)e ? Welches ? which ? 
 
 Sffieldjer, n>eld)e, mid)e$, which. 
 
 3eber, jebe, jebe£, every, 
 
 SIKer, aUe, atteg, all. * 
 
 SDtefer Heine $it<rf>e* S>tefe grime 5Btefe, £tefe3 arttge 
 
 This little boy. This green meadow. This kind 
 
 $tnb» Sewer fcftroaqe £mt. Sene n>exfe 2Befte. Serteg 
 
 child. That black hat. That white vest. That 
 
 neue $feib* SBelcber arme ^ttabe ? 2Be(rf)e retrfje $atmlie ? 
 
 new dress. Which poor boy 1 Which rich family 1 
 
 93Mrf)e3 fcfyone £ctu3 ? Seber gute 9Kanm Sebe frembe 
 
 Which fine house 1 Eyery good man. Every foreign 
 
• 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 107 
 
 Sprarfje. 3ebe£ teutfcfte Surf). Sitter grime Zbee. Me 
 
 language. Every German book. All green tea. All 
 
 robe 33aiimtt>elfe. 2ltte3 frtfcbe 28afiet\ ©tc £aut biefeg 
 
 raw cotton. All fresh water. The ski 1 of this 
 
 fetten Ccbfen. ®fe $Iugel btefer fctwarjen £aufce* ®ie 
 
 fat ox. The wings of this black dove. The 
 
 SOBoffe biefed aften ©chafed £er dragon btefeel blaueit 
 
 wool of this old sheep The coDar of this blue 
 
 9bxfe& £er fret's jenerfetbenen 22efte* 2>te Cermet jetted 
 
 coat. The price of that silk vest. The sleeves of that 
 
 leutenen j£entbe& SBMcheS ftetgtgett Srf)itfer3 gortfcfyritte ? 
 
 linen shirt. Which industrious pupil's progress 1 
 
 503e(rf)er fyubfcfjett SMume (Serucf) ? £ie Sefamttfcfjaft jebeS 
 
 Which pretty flower's smell i The acquaintance of every 
 
 fremben fterrtu Xte Unterbcrttung jeber gebtlbeten Same. 
 
 strange gentleman The conversation of every intelligent lady. 
 
 Set 9D?e£ger fcMadbtet bret Sialbev neb]i fctefem fetten Ccfyfem 
 
 The butcher kills three calves together with to this fat ox. 
 
 dirt frember fterr fcfyenfte btefem fletptgen Scfmter jetteg neue 
 
 A strange gentleman presented to this industrious pupil that new 
 
 Suet). (gefyen Ste jene fcfyroarje £au6e ? jtaufen ®ie fciefed 
 
 book. See They that black dove 1 Buy They thi* 
 
 franjoftfcfre Surf). 
 
 French book. 
 
 Obs. An adjective preceded by any of the above 
 pronouns is declined in the same manner as when pre- 
 ceded by ber, bte, ba3* 
 
 This little boy. This green meadow. This kind 
 child. That black hat That white vest. That new 
 dress. Which poor boy ? Which wealthy family ? 
 Which fine house ? Every good man. Every foreign 
 language. Every German book. All green tea. All 
 raw cotton. All fresh water. The skin of this fat ox. 
 The wings of this black dove. The wool of this old 
 sheep. The collar of this blue coat. The price of that 
 silk vest. The sleeves of that linen shirt. Which in- 
 dustrious pupil's progress ? Which beautiful flower's 
 smell? The acquaintance of any strange gentleman. 
 The conversation of every intelligent lady. The 
 butcher kills three calves together with this fat ox. A 
 
108 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 strange gentleman presented to this industrious pupil 
 that new book. Do you see that black dove ? Pur- 
 chase this French book. 
 
 THE ADJECTIVE PRECEDED BY A POSSESSIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 tyflein lieber $reunb* 50?exne tiebe (gcfyrcefter* 5Jiem 
 
 My dear friend. My dear sister. My 
 
 liebeg Mini* £ein ffeiner SSruber* Seine Kerne @cf)tt>efto\ 
 
 dear child. Thy little brother. Thy little sister. 
 
 £eitt fyiibfcfyeg 95ncf)* (Setn jnnger 3tejfe. Seine junge 
 
 Thy pretty hook. His young nephew. His young 
 
 Tad)te. (Bcin nene3 §au$+ 3fyr golbener D?ing* Sbre 
 
 niece. His new house. Her golden ring. Her 
 
 gclbene Ubr* 3fyr feibene^ Mkib. Unfer grower ©arten. 
 
 golden watch. Her silk dress. Our large garden. 
 
 Unfere gan^e $ami(ie, Unfer gIM(id)e3 ?anb* @uer reicfyer 
 
 Our whole family. Our happy land. Your rich 
 
 SDheim, Sure reicfye gante* dnev flei^ige^ 5D?dbd)en, Sfyr 
 
 uncle. Your rich aunt. Your industrious girl. Their 
 
 iteuer 3to& 3fyre recite £cmb* 3^r artige^ Mini. %bx (i) 
 
 new coat. Their right hand. Their kind child. Their 
 
 tteuer 2Bagen* Sfyre (i) gerecfyte gorbermtg* 3f>r ganjeS 
 
 new carriage. Their just demand. Their whole 
 
 aSermogen. 9Keine lieben grennbe* Seine beutfcfyen SSiicfyer* 
 
 fortune. My dear friends. Thy German hooks. 
 
 ©eine jihtgeren SSriiber* 3fyre beiben ©cfyrceflertu Unfere 
 
 His younger brothers. Her both sisters. Our 
 
 gefcfyicften Slerjte* Sure fteifngen Sirbeiter* 3t)re (3) guten 
 
 skilful physicians. Your industrious workmen. Their good 
 
 ©rimbfafee* 2ftve (0 eigenen Stngelegcnfyetten* 
 
 principles. Their own affairs. 
 
 Obs. Ail adjective preceded by a possessive pronoun, 
 is inflected in the singular in the same manner as when 
 preceded by the indefinite article. In the plural it as- 
 sumes the termination en throughout all cases. 
 
 My dear friend. My dear sister. My dear child. 
 Thy little brother. Thy little sister. Thy pretty book. 
 His young nephew. His young niece. His new house. 
 Her gold ring. Her gold watch. Her silk dress. Our 
 large garden, All our family. Our happy country. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 109 
 
 Your wealthy uncle. Your wealthy aunt. Your in- 
 dustrious girl. Your new coat. Your right hand. 
 Your kind child. Their new carriage. Their just de- 
 mand. Their whole fortune. My dear friends. Thy 
 German books. His younger brothers. Both her sis- 
 ters. Our skilful physicians. Your industrious work- 
 men. Your good principles. Their own affairs. 
 
 
 COMPARISON. 
 
 Positive. 
 
 Comparative. 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 ©ebon, 
 beautiful, 
 
 fd)b'net, 
 
 more beautiful, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS fcfyonfic, 
 or am fcfyonften, 
 
 Jttctn, 
 little, 
 
 Hetnct, 
 
 less, 
 
 fcet/ tie or fcag fteinfte, 
 or am Hemften, 
 
 SReicf), 
 rich, 
 
 retd)et, 
 richer, 
 
 fcet, fcte or fcaS tetcfyjte, 
 or am rc.td)ffeiij 
 
 ©11% 
 kind, 
 
 gffttges, 
 kinder, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS giittgfte, 
 or am gitttgftcn^ 
 
 kw, 
 
 neucr, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fca$ neucfte, 
 
 new, 
 
 newer, 
 
 or am neucften, 
 
 ©cb(cd)t, 
 bad, 
 
 fct)tecl)tcr, 
 worse, 
 
 fcet, fcte or fca* fcWecbtc* 
 ftC/Oramfcbfectytcften, 
 
 aSrett, 
 broad, 
 
 6tcttcr> 
 
 broader, 
 
 fcet, fcte or fcaS Otcttefle, 
 or am btetteften, 
 
 Stcf, 
 thick, 
 
 fcicfer, 
 thicker, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS fctcfjfo, 
 or am fctcfjitcn, 
 
 9ktfi> 
 
 clean, 
 
 telnet, 
 cleaner, 
 
 fcet, fcte or fcaS tetnfte, 
 or am retnften, 
 
 fast, 
 
 fejiet, 
 faster, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS fefteftc, 
 or am fefteften, 
 
 sweet, 
 
 fS0er> 
 
 sweeter, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS fupcftc, 
 or am fiipeften, 
 
 2Cr% 
 
 genteel, 
 
 art%er, 
 
 more genteel, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS arttgfte, 
 or am arttcjften, 
 
 clear, 
 
 better, 
 
 clearer, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS bettfte, 
 or am betlften, 
 
 ©cfmetf, 
 quick, 
 
 fdjnettct, 
 quicker, 
 
 fcet/ fcte or fcaS fdjneflfte, 
 or am fdjnettften, 
 
 } the most 
 5 beautiful, 
 
 i the least. 
 
 > the richest. 
 
 ) the kind- 
 ) est. 
 
 ) the new- 
 5 est. 
 
 > the worst. 
 
 > the 
 \ est. 
 
 > the 
 J" est. 
 
 the 
 ' est. 
 
 broad- 
 
 thick- 
 
 clean- 
 
 > the fastest. 
 
 > the sweet- 
 $ est. 
 
 ) the most 
 5 genteel. 
 
 > the clear- 
 J est. 
 
 > the quick- 
 J est. 
 
110 
 
 EAST LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Positive. 
 
 Zteu, 
 
 faithful, 
 
 Comparative. 
 
 trcttcr, 
 
 more faithful, 
 
 SBctd), 
 soft, 
 
 nxucber, 
 softer, 
 
 £)iinn, 
 thin, 
 
 bunnct, 
 thinner, 
 
 Sfficig, 
 white, 
 
 wemt, 
 
 whiter, 
 
 ©run, 
 green, 
 
 grtmcr, 
 greener, 
 
 useful, 
 
 ntigticber, 
 more useful, 
 
 2Crtgcnerjm, 
 agreeable, 
 
 angenebmcr, 
 more agreeable, 
 
 £a6fidj, 
 
 uglier, 
 
 ©ifcaMtd), 
 
 fd)abltcr)cr, 
 
 injurious, 
 
 more injurious, 
 
 d5iuc!(id), 
 happy, 
 
 gtucfitchet; 
 
 happier, 
 
 glet&tg, 
 industrious, 
 
 ftdfugfct, 
 
 , more industrious, 
 
 quiet, 
 
 tubtger, 
 more quiet, 
 
 ©tcrjer, 
 safe, 
 
 ftcbeter, 
 safer, 
 
 ©cfcbicft, 
 
 skilful, 
 
 gefcbicftcr, 
 more skilful, 
 
 grating, 
 melancholy 
 
 ttaurtgcr, 
 , more melancholy, 
 
 Se&baft, 
 lively, 
 
 (ebbaftet, 
 livelier, 
 
 $rucbtOat-, 
 fertile, 
 
 frucbtbatcr, 
 more fertile, 
 
 SDanfbar, 
 gra eful, 
 
 banfbarer, 
 more grateful, 
 
 ffintfernt, 
 
 distant, 
 
 cntfcrnter, 
 more distant, 
 
 Gtnfad), 
 simple, 
 
 eittfacfyet, 
 
 simpler, 
 
 most 
 
 ie or la$ trcucjle, ) the n 
 am trcueften, £ faithful 
 
 ' i the softest 
 
 thin- 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 bcr, t>ic 
 or am 
 
 bcr, Me or la$ rucidbfte, < 
 or am nxicbftcn, 
 
 bet) bio or ba^ bfinnfic,: ) the 
 
 or am bunnjrcn, J nest. 
 
 let, tie or la$ nxu£efie, ) the whit- 
 or am ivctHcftcn, J est. 
 
 ber, btc or ba^ gtunfte, ) the green- 
 or am griinften, £ est. 
 
 bet, bte or las ntigltcbfte, > the most 
 or am nu(3ttd)ften, $ useful. 
 
 bet, btc or basangencbm? ) the most 
 ftc, or am angenebmften, J agreeable. 
 
 Hi 
 
 or am ba'Hltcbften, ) 
 
 let, bte or ba^ fcbaMtcr)= J the most 
 |ic, orainfcbaMtcbften, \ injurious. 
 
 let, btc or la$ glucfttd); ) the happi- 
 ftc, or am glucf ltd)|ten, J est. 
 
 bcr, bte or ba$ ftetfugjrc, > the mostin- 
 or am flct£tgften, $ dustrious. 
 
 ber, bte or las rufjtgftc, ) the most 
 or am rujtgftetr, J quiet. 
 
 let, btc or bas ftcbcvfte, ) 1 
 or am ficfyerjten, J 
 
 let, bte or las gefd)icftes ) the most 
 fte, or am ge|d)tcftefien, $ skilful. 
 
 the most 
 
 fecr ' i5icor ^ f '® i ^ , ^theu<rliest. 
 
 the safest. 
 
 tec, 
 
 it, btc or ba£ traurtaftc, f 1 e , 
 or am trauri d ,W, Jjj"" 
 
 bcr, bte or bag (cfobaftes > the most 
 fte,oram lebfjaftcjten, ) lively. 
 
 let, bte or bas ftufytbatz ) the most 
 fte, or am fuicbtbarfren, J fertile. 
 
 bet, bte or ba$ banfbar; > the most 
 fie, oram banfOarften, $ grateful. 
 
 bcr, bte or la$ entfetntez ) the most 
 fte, or am entfernteften, J distant. 
 
 bcr, bte or la$ ctnfacbjte, ) the sim- 
 or am einfadjftcn, J plest. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Obs. In the preceding examples the degrees are 
 formed regularly by adding er in the comparative and 
 ft or cftc in the superlative. 
 
 Positive. 
 
 ©ro9, 
 great, 
 
 Comparative. 
 
 groger, 
 
 greater, 
 
 Sung, 
 young, 
 
 (finger, 
 
 younger, 
 
 old, 
 
 6(tcr> 
 
 older, 
 
 Bong, 
 
 long, 
 
 (anger, 
 longer, 
 
 short, 
 
 turner, 
 shorter, 
 
 2ten, 
 
 dtmer, 
 
 poor, 
 
 poorer, 
 
 £ran£, 
 sick, 
 
 ivanHt, 
 
 sicker, 
 
 black, 
 
 febmarjer, 
 blacker, 
 
 mi), 
 
 red, 
 
 rctber, 
 redder, 
 
 £art, 
 
 hard, 
 
 barter, 
 harder, 
 
 Soft, 
 
 cold, 
 
 fatter, 
 colder, 
 
 £Sarm, 
 
 warmer, 
 
 warm, 
 
 warmer, 
 
 ©reb, 
 
 qreber, 
 
 coarse, 
 
 coarser, 
 
 ®taxt, 
 
 jtarfer, 
 
 strong, 
 
 stronger, 
 
 weak, 
 
 fcbrvJcber, 
 weaker, 
 
 Slug, 
 
 prudent, 
 
 flucjer, 
 
 more prudent, 
 
 9?aG, 
 
 naffer, 
 
 wet, 
 
 wetter, 
 
 ©efunt, 
 
 healthy, 
 wholesome 
 
 cjefumter, or 
 gefunber, 
 healthier, 
 , wholesomer, 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 ter, tie or ta$ qrb'pte, j 
 or am qrebften, J 
 
 ter, bie or ta* iunajte, j 
 or am jiinqften, ' 
 
 ter, Me or tas attejre, 
 or am attejten, 
 
 ter, tie or taai (dncjfie, j 
 or am (aucjften, " J 
 
 ter, tie or tas h'lrjejle, 
 or am fuqeflen, 
 
 ter, tie or tas armfte, j 
 or am annften, j 
 
 ter, tie or tas franf)le, 
 or am franfften, 
 
 ter, tie orta* fcftroarge? , 
 fte, or am febwaqeften, | 
 
 ter, tie or tas retfjefte, \ 
 
 or am retrjeften, \ 
 
 ter, tie or fca$ rjartefte, j 
 or am rjarteften, < 
 
 ter, tie or ta$ taltejte, j 
 or am fjdltefren, ( 
 
 ter, tie or tas marmfte, ( 
 or am tvdrmften, \ 
 
 ter, tie or b«6 qrebfre, 
 or am qtelften, 
 
 ter, tie or tas ftdrrfre, 
 or am frarffien, 
 
 ter, tie or tas febwdebfte, 
 or am fcbivacbften, 
 
 ter, tie or tas frtigfre, 
 
 or am ftuajten, 
 
 ter, tie or ta? ndffefte, 
 or am nafJcfU'ii, 
 
 ter, tie or r:as qeftintefre 
 or cji fun tcjlc, or am 
 
 qefunfcefren or am qes 
 funfceptcn, 
 
 the 
 est. 
 
 great- 
 
 the young- 
 est. 
 
 the oldest. 
 
 the longest. 
 
 short- 
 
 > the 
 i est. 
 
 the 
 est. 
 
 poor- 
 
 > the sickest. 
 
 the black- 
 i est. 
 
 the reddest, 
 
 the hard- 
 ' est. 
 
 ■ the coldest. 
 
 warm- 
 
 coars- 
 
 t the 
 J est. 
 
 > the 
 J est 
 
 } the strong- 
 £ est. 
 
 ) the weak- 
 y est. 
 
 J the most 
 prudent. 
 
 ) the wet- 
 J test. 
 
 the healthi- 
 •■ est, the 
 i wholes om- 
 
 est. 
 
112 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Obs. The above class of adjectives is not as numer- 
 ous as the former. They are all monosyllables and 
 soften the vowels a, o, and it, into a, 6, and ii, besides 
 taking the regular additions in the comparative and 
 superlative degrees. 
 
 Positive. Comparative. 
 
 goP, fa(|'cf)er, 
 
 treacherous, more treacherous, 
 
 ■as fa(fd)efte, > 
 EftfKftai, 5 
 
 Sanft, 
 soft, 
 
 rough, 
 
 etoft 
 
 proud, 
 
 £arg, 
 covetous 
 
 SBfau, 
 
 blue, 
 
 SWag, 
 
 pale, 
 
 ©crate, 
 straight, 
 
 Caut, 
 loud, 
 
 Sort, 
 tender, 
 
 SHunb, 
 round, 
 
 Obs. 
 
 fonftcr, 
 softer, 
 
 tofjet, 
 rougher, 
 
 ftefter; 
 
 prouder, 
 
 forger, 
 
 more covetous, 
 
 Matter, 
 
 bluer, 
 
 ^laffer^ 
 
 paler, 
 
 geratcr, 
 straighter, 
 
 tauter, 
 
 louder, 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 ter, tie or ca$ 
 or am fa If 
 
 ter, tie or bd$ fanftefte, 
 or am fanftcftcn, 
 
 ter, tie or fcas ror)cftc / 
 or am rofyeften, 
 
 ter, tic or ba$ ftetyjte, ) 
 cr am fteCjejten, J 
 
 ter, tie or ta$ farajte, ) 
 or am tarajten, 
 
 ter, tie or ba$ Mauefte, 
 or am Mauejten, 
 
 the most 
 treacherous 
 
 the softest. 
 
 the rough* 
 est. 
 
 the proud- 
 est. 
 
 the most 
 covetous. 
 
 i* 
 
 e bluest. 
 
 ter, tie or ba* Maffcfte, £ h , 
 or am Maffcften, 5 me P alest< 
 
 ter, tie or bat gerateftc, ) the 
 
 or am geraK'ftcn, 5 straightest, 
 
 ter, tie or tag (autefle, ? the loud- 
 er am tauteftert, £ est. 
 
 ter, tie or fcaS gartcfte, ) the most 
 or am ^artojtcn, $ tender. 
 
 ter, tie or tas runteftc, J the round- 
 er am runteften, $ est. 
 
 The above class of adjectives being very limit- 
 ed in number, by way of exception, do not change the 
 vowels a, o, and u, and only take the regular affixes in 
 the comparative and superlative degrees. 
 
 garter, 
 
 more tender, 
 
 run ter, 
 rounder, 
 
 Positive. 
 
 gbel, 
 
 noble, 
 
 6tat, 
 
 level, 
 
 Comparative. 
 
 ctler, 
 nobler, 
 
 clmer/ 
 more level, 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 ter, tie or bat eteljtc, ) the 
 or am etclfren, J blest. 
 
 ter, tie or bag eOenfte, ) the 
 or am cbenjten, $ level. 
 
 most 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 113 
 
 Positive. 
 
 £unfe(, 
 dark, 
 
 Comparative. 
 
 bunffet, 
 
 darker, 
 
 Shcuer, 
 dear, 
 
 tauter, 
 dearer, 
 
 SScflfomnn 
 
 perfect, 
 
 m, rcttfcmnmcr, 
 more perfect 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 tct, tic orfctig bimfdjte, 
 
 or am tunfcifren, 
 
 > the 
 5 est. 
 
 tcr, tic or &a* tfvacrfte, ) the 
 or cm tKmciftcn, ( est. 
 
 ter,tie or ha$ rcUfeim } the ^ 
 
 mcnjk,orani boflffem- >„„,*■ " 
 
 ~.„~»%,~ i pertcct. 
 
 dark- 
 dear- 
 
 most 
 
 mcrnren, 
 
 Obs. The above few adjectives deviate from the re- 
 gular formation of the degrees only in the comparative, 
 the e of the final syllable in the positive being dropped 
 for the sake of euphony. 
 
 Positive. 
 
 ©lit, 
 
 good, 
 
 Comparative. 
 
 feeffer, 
 
 better, 
 
 high, 
 
 higher, 
 
 near, 
 
 rtahet, 
 nearer, 
 
 Obs. 
 
 The for 
 
 grees irregularly. 
 
 Superlative. 
 
 tcr, tic or bag bcftt, } +1 , 
 
 r - ' > tae best, 
 
 or am bejien, $ 
 
 tcr, tic or tas re crmc, ) the 
 or am bechfren, £ est, 
 
 tcr, tic or tas tmebfie, } the 
 or am rtacb fieri, ) est. 
 
 The foregoing three adjectives form the de 
 
 hi?;h- 
 
 near- 
 
 DECLEXSIOX. 
 
 Adjectives are declined in the comparative and super- 
 lative degrees in the same manner as in the positive de- 
 gree. 
 
 3Br diod tft feben, a6er ibre %Qe)~te ffr nocft fcWner* 
 
 Their coat is beautiful, but Their vest is still more beautiful. 
 
 £tefe3 papier ift toetp, aber jcnc6 i)t mi£ev. £ier tft em 
 
 This paper is white. but that is whiter. Here is a 
 
 lingerer Zi)d). Xtefes Zxxcb tft bveitcv aU jene^ Xic$ tft 
 
 longer table. This cloth is wider than that. This is 
 
 ta$ fletnfte von ibxen jpfittfettw 23 tft grcger ai$ ba& 
 
 the least of to her houses. It is larger than the 
 
 imfrige* SDiefeS @ema(be tft fcfrener aU jenee* 3fjre 
 
 ours. This portrait is more beautiful than that. Their 
 
 (Sd)it>efter tft fca£ fhigfte ffeute SRdfccfoen, ba3 id) femte* 5(1 
 
 sister is the most prudent little girl which I know. Is 
 
 ©Kfafceti) after ate STOarie ? SJew, fie tft pinger* £abm 
 
 Elizabeth older than Mary T Xo, she is younger. Have 
 
114 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ®ie eute jimgere £orf)ter? 3cf) babe feine ji'mgere* 2(lfe 
 
 They a younger daughter! I have no younger All 
 
 meute gretmtmmen finb after ate id). £a£ @ifen iji fcbrcer ; 
 
 my female friends are older than I The iron is heavy; 
 
 ba3 S3fet i|l fd)tt>erer ; bie patina ijl ba$ fcfyroerfte 5Dvetatt. 
 
 the lead is heavier: the platina is the heaviest metal. 
 
 Qic$ i]t ber bocbfte Zhuxm ber ©tabt £err S3* ifi ber 
 
 This is the highest steeple of the city. Mr. B. is the 
 
 reidjjte Stanftnam in ber Stabt £er patient ifi beute 
 
 richest merchant in to the city The patient is to-day 
 
 franfer. Stefe $ami(ie i]t arm, aber id) fenne etne drmere. 
 
 sicker. This family is poor, but I know a poorer. 
 
 3br fyfetti i}t tmtb, aber ba£ unfrtge ijl nntber unb bag metneg 
 
 Their horse is wild, but the ours is wilder and that of my 
 
 DbetmS ifi ba$ btbefte tton alien. £iefeg SSucf) ifi unter* 
 
 uncle is the wildest of to all. This book is more 
 
 battenber ate jeneg. SOBir batten feinett angenebmertt 
 
 entertaining than that. We should have no more pleasant 
 
 Spafsiergang macben fintttetu (fatten macben fonnen). 
 
 pleasure-walk to make to be able. (Should have been able to make). 
 
 Your coat is beautiful but your vest is still more 
 beautiful. This paper is white but that is whiter. 
 Here is a longer table. This cloth is wider than that. 
 This is the least of her houses. It is larger than ours. 
 This portrait is more beautiful than that. Your sister 
 is the most prudent little girl that I know. Is 
 Elizabeth older than Mary ? No, she is younger. 
 Have you a younger daughter ? I have no younger. 
 All my friends are older than I. Iron is heavy, lead 
 is heavier, platina is the heaviest metal. This is the 
 highest steeple of the city. Mr. B. is the wealthiest 
 merchant in the city. The patient is more sick to-day. 
 This family is poor, but I know a poorer one. Your 
 horse is wild, but onrs is wilder, and that of my uncle is 
 the wildest of ail. This book is more entertaining than 
 that. We could not have taken a pleasanter walk. 
 
 Sari ifl flciptger ate 3obamt, aber granj ijl ber 
 
 Charles is more industrious than John, but Francis is the 
 
 fleigicjfte son btefen $nabem £iefe£ defter ift frfjlecfjt, 
 
 most industrious of to these boys. This knife is bad, 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 115 
 
 jerte3 tft fcbfecbter unb ntetneg tft ba$ fcblecbtefte Kon alien. 
 
 that is worse and mine is the worst of to all. 
 
 £tefe Strape tfi (anger ate jette* SfSefcfceS tft bte langfte 
 
 This street is longer than that. Which is the longest 
 
 Strafe in 9ien> 9)orf ? 3*)* 3R«tM[ $ fitrjer ate memer* 3br 
 
 street in to New York 1 Their cloak is shorter than mine. Their 
 
 ©arten t|i grog, ber unfrtge tft grower imb ber memegCbeimS 
 
 garden is large, the ours is larger and that of my uncle 
 
 tfi ber gropte, 'ben idj je gefeben babe. 3hr Simmer tft Hem ; 
 
 is the largest which I ever seen hare. Their room is small ; 
 
 e3 tfi Hetner ate ba3 memfge* 3Kem grennb tfi junger ate 
 
 it is smaller than the mine. Mv friend is younger than 
 
 3br ©ruber. 3bre Scbweffer tft junger ate tcb- @te ffnb 
 
 Their brother. Their sister is younger than I. They are 
 
 ber jimgfie imter ntetnen SSefamtten* ©trtfc 3^e Winter fo 
 
 the youngest among to my acquaintances. Are Their children so 
 
 ctrttg nne bte mtfrtgen"? ©te fmb arttger ate tie Sbrtgetu 
 
 genteel as the ours ! They are genteeler than the yours. 
 
 SBeffen $tnber fmb am arttgften ? ©tub 3bre JJacbbarn fo 
 
 "Who^e children are at the genteelest 1 Are Their neighbours so 
 
 gefdtftg, rvk bte unfrtgen ? Ste ftnb gefdlttger ate tie 
 
 complaisant as the ours I They are more complaisant than the 
 
 Sbrtgem £te bteffgen ^aufleute ftnb retcber ate bte Den $>♦ ; 
 
 Theirs. The of this place merchants are richer than those of to P., 
 
 aber bte ^aufleute Don S3, ftnb bte retcbften Don alien. Stub 
 
 but the merchants of to B are the richest of to all. Are 
 
 Sbre @cf)ube fo (etcbt une bte metntgen ? Ste ftnb (etcbter, 
 
 Their shoes so light as the mine 1 They are lighter 
 
 a6er enger ate bte 2>brtgen. 2>tefe 53trne tft fnger ate jener 
 
 but tighter than the Theirs. This pear is sweeter than that 
 
 Sfpfef* Sfi 3br ^immev fo bett \vk ba3 metmge ? @£ tfi 
 
 apple. Is Their room so light as the mine 1 It is 
 
 ml better ate ba3 Sftrtge* 
 
 much lighter than the Theirs. 
 
 Charles is more industrious than John ; but Francis 
 is the most industrious of these boys. This knife is 
 bad, that one is worse, and mine is the worst of all. 
 This street is longer than that one. Which is the 
 longest street in New York ? Your cloak is shorter than 
 mine. Your garden is large, ours is larger, but that of 
 my uncle is the largest I have ever seen. Your room 
 is small, it is smaller than mine. My friend is younger 
 than your brother. Your sister is younger than I. You 
 are the youngest among my acquaintances. Are your 
 children as genteel as ours ? They are more genteel 
 
116 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN 
 
 than yours. Whose children are the most genteel ? 
 Are your neighbours as complaisant as ours ? They 
 are more complaisant than yours. The merchants of 
 this place are wealthier than those of P., but the 
 merchants ofB. are the wealthiest of all. Are your 
 shoes as light as mine ? They are lighter but tighter 
 than yours. This pear is sweeter than that apple. Is 
 your room as light as mine ? It is much lighter than 
 yours. 
 
 3bre Srf)tt>efier tfi guttg, Sbre Xante tfi nod) giittger unb 
 
 Their sister is kind, Their aunt is still kinder and 
 
 Styre SKntter tfi am gitttgjten* 3br 3?egenfd)trm tfi na$, 
 
 Their mother is at the kindest. Their umbrella is wet, 
 
 metner tfi nod) naffer nnb ber biefe^ Syvvn tfi ber nafiefie* 
 
 mine is still wetter and that of this gentleman is the wettest. 
 
 2>te Srj&Mnng be£ grang tt>ar nnterl)a(tenber ate bte beg 
 
 The tale of the Francis was more entertaining than that of the 
 
 Slbotpfy* Ste tfi fel)r frennbltd), aber er tft nod) freunbltd)er 
 
 Adolphus. She is very friendly, but he is still more friendly 
 
 urib bte Winter futb am freunbltd)fien« 2)ie 9D?dtd)en nxtren 
 
 and the children are at the most friendly. The girls were 
 
 trdge, bte Mnabm waxen nod) trdger, aber 3^ S3ruber xoav 
 
 lazy, the boys were still more lazy, bnt Their brother was 
 
 am tragfiem 2Mefe SBudjfiaben futb bentttd), aber bte 3l)rigen 
 
 at the most lazy. These letters are plain, but the Theirs 
 
 futb bentttrfjer nnb bte ber (Sopfyte ftnb am bentttcfyfien turn 
 
 are plainer and those of the Sophia are at the plainest of 
 
 alien* Ste fottten aufmerffamer feuu <£v voax Kitger 
 
 to all. They ought more attentive to be. He was more prudent 
 
 al$ ttrir* Ste wax am flitgfien* 9Ketn SSrnber tfi gefdjtctter 
 
 than we. She was at the most prudent. My brother is more skilful 
 
 ate jener $nabe* Sffitr woollen in ba$ itdefyfie S^aud gefyen* 
 
 than that boy. We will into the next house go. 
 
 Your sister is kind, your aunt is still kinder, and 
 your mother is the kindest. Your umbrella is wet, 
 mine is still wetter, and that of this gentleman is the 
 wettest. The narrative of Francis was more enter- 
 taining than that of Adolphus. She is very friendly, 
 but he is still more so, and the children are the most 
 friendly. The girls were lazy, the boys were still more 
 so? but your brother was the laziest. These letters are 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 117 
 
 plain> but yours are plainer, and those of Sophia are the 
 plainest of all. You ought to be more attentive. He 
 was more prudent than we. She was the most prudent. 
 My brother is more skilful than that boy. Let us go 
 into the next house. 
 
 Masc. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Sing, din Qittev, erne gute, cut QUte$, a good one. 
 Plur. ©ute, good ones. 
 
 Sing. @n 'befiferer, erne befifere, em bejfereS, a better one. 
 
 Plur. SSeffere, better ones. 
 
 Sing. £er, trie, ba$ befie, the best one. 
 
 Plur. 2>te beften, the best ones. 
 
 Qahen ©ie gute Stepfel ? &ier ift ein guter ; fyier tfl em 
 
 Have They good apples 1 Here is a good, here is a 
 
 befiferer; bier fmb gute; bier fmb beftere. £iefe $eber iji 
 
 better ; here are good ; here are better. This pen is 
 
 fcfyecfjt, geben ©ie mix erne befifere. £aben ©ie eine gute ? 
 
 bad, give They to me a better. Have They a good % 
 
 3d) babe feine gute; bie£ tjl bte befte, bie id) babe. £aben 
 
 I have no good; this is the best, that I have. Have 
 
 ©ie eineu \vei$en Swt? Dtein, id) babe einen fefwar^en. 
 
 They a white hat 1 No, I have a black. 
 
 ©iefe3 9D?effer tjl md)t fcfjarf ; baben ©ie em fcfyarfered ? 
 
 This knife is not sharp; have They a sharper! 
 
 £ie3 tji ba£ fcfyatffie, b_ag id) babe. 3br 3i m ^ e ^ ifi nid)t 
 
 This is the sharpest that I have. Their room is not 
 
 bed) ; nnr fyaben em bebere^ aber uufer greunb t)at ba3 
 
 high ; we have a higher, but our friend has the 
 
 hedijle. 3br died ift ait, baben ©ie fetnen tteuen ? liefer 
 
 highest. 1 heir coat is old, have They no new 1 This 
 
 ©ted tft gu fd)tt>er, geben ©ie nur emeu leicfyteru. £ter ift 
 
 cane is too heavy, give They to me a lighter. Here is 
 
 ber (etcbtefte, ben id) babe. SGBaS fftt ein 23ud) tootten ©ie 
 
 the lightest that I have. What for a book will They 
 
 lefett, ein ettgKftyeg cber ein beutfd)e£ ? 3d) wilt roeber ein 
 
 read, an English or a German 1 I will neither an 
 
 engftfefyeg nod) ein beutfcfjetf, foubern ein frcmjojtfcfyeg fefen. 
 
 English nor a German but a French read. 
 
 SKiaS fur Stepfel efifen ©ie gern, fiife cber faure ? 3d) 
 
 What for apples eat They willingly, sweet or sour 1 I 
 
 eflfe gern faure. 3d) babe ntetite ftlberne Ubr tiextauft unb 
 
 eat gladly sour, I have my silver watch sold and 
 
118 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 erne gefbene gefaitft. SSir baben bret ftfwarje $a£ett, eine 
 
 a golden purchased. We have three black cats, an 
 
 aite nub jmet jnnge* 3d) ba6e bret ^}aar ©ttefel, ein $aar 
 
 old and two young. I have three pair boots, a pair 
 
 gute unb jh)e{ tyaax fcbfecbte. 2iefe &abei tangt ntd)t$. 
 
 good and two pair bad. This fork is good for nothing. 
 
 S)iex ijl eme anbere, S^aben Sie emeu anbern ©tnbt? 
 
 Here is an other. Hare They an other chair*? 
 
 ©eben Ste rnir etnen anbern. S>iex tfi tin anberer. Bennett 
 
 Give They to me an other. Here is an other. Know 
 
 Ste etnen anbern Srfntetber? 3d) fenne fetnen anbern. 
 
 The?e an other tailor ? I know no other. 
 
 S\\ben ©ie ctnfcereg 93rob ? 3~rf) babe feitt anfcereg* £iefe 
 
 Have They other bread 1 I have no other. These 
 
 -SStlber gefdtfen rmr mdtf) jetgen Ste mix anbere, Stefe 
 
 pictures please to me not, show They to me others. This 
 
 grail bcrt ntcbt gut, fpredhett ©te mit ber anbern, Sic 
 
 woman hears not well. speak They with to the other. The 
 
 anbere Derffebt mid) tddjU 
 
 other understands me not. 
 
 Have you good apples ? Here is a good one ; here is 
 a better one ; here are good ones ; here are better ones. 
 This pen is bad, give me a better one. Have you a 
 good one ? I have no good one, this is the best I have. 
 Have you a white hat ? No, I have a black one. 
 This knife is not sharp, have you a sharper one? This 
 is the sharpest one I have. Your room is not high, we 
 have a higher one, but our friend has the highest 
 one. Your coat is old, have you no new one ? This 
 cane is too heavy, give me a lighter one. Here is the 
 lightest one I have. What sort of a book will you 
 read, an English or a German one ? I will read neither 
 an English nor a German, but a French one. What 
 kind of apples do you like, sweet ones or sour ones ? I 
 like sour ones. I have sold my silver watch and pur- 
 chased a gold one. We have three black cats, an old 
 one and two young ones. I have three pairs of boots, 
 one pair of good ones and two pairs of bad ones. This 
 fork is good for nothing. Here is another one. Have 
 you another chair ? Give me another one. Here is 
 another one. Do you know another tailor ? I know 
 no other one. Have you any other bread ? I have not 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 119 
 
 any other. I do not like these pictures, show me other 
 ones. This woman does not hear well, speak to the 
 other one. The other one does not understand me. 
 
 3>iefe^ $uft ill bier gitg bed), (gut bier gug bebed tyutt 
 
 This de.sk is four feet high. A four foot high desk. 
 
 Sen* Werner ift jebn gug bed). &ne gebn gug bebe SDtauer. 
 
 That wall is ten foot high. A ten foot high wall. 
 
 £te Strafe iji bveigig gug fcreit dim breigig %u$ breite 
 
 The street is thirty foot broad. A thirty foot broad 
 
 gtrage. £a£ SSmtftbrei 3oU bict. gin bret 3eU bitfeS 
 
 street. The board is three inches thick. A three inch thick 
 
 25ret* liefer &xakcn i]i fecb£ gug tief. gin fedjg gi$ tiefer 
 
 board. This ditch is six foot deep A six foot deep 
 
 ©raben* 3ene 33egebenbeit \}t un£ meblbefamtt* Sine mtd 
 
 ditch. That event is to us well known A to us 
 
 rcebtbefamtte 35egebenbeit Sine fo fanfte imb gebtlbete 
 
 well known event A so tender and enlightened 
 
 £ame* dirt fo reuter unb angefebener Qftamu &n an mid) 
 
 lady. A so rich and respectable man. A on me 
 
 gericbteter 23rief. ©n tern SSater geborfamer Sobn. ©n 
 
 addressed letter. A to the father obedient son A 
 
 ber ©efmtbbeit $utrdg(icbe3 ©ettvinf. 3br mir angenebmer 
 
 to the health conducive beverage. Their to me agreeable 
 
 25efucf). Sine tbm erjeigte ©efatligfeit, 
 
 visit. A to him shown favour. 
 
 Obs. In the above examples nouns are preceded by 
 adjectives, which are themselves preceded by other 
 words. gu£ and %oU, when followed by an adjective 
 expressing measure, are used in the singular though 
 they be preceded by a numeral. 
 
 This desk is four feet high. A desk four feet high. 
 That wall is ten feet high. A wall ten feet high. 
 The street is thirty feet wide. A street thirty feet wide. 
 The board is three inches thick. A board three inches 
 thick. This ditch is six feet deep. A ditch six feet 
 deep. That event is well known to us. An event well 
 known to us. A lady so tender and enlightened. A 
 man so wealthy and respectable. A letter addressed 
 
120 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 to me. A son obedient to his father. A beverage con- 
 ducive to health. Your visit which was agreeable to 
 me. A favour shown him. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 CARDINAL NUMBERS. 
 
 1. Stitg or etn, erne, em, 
 
 2. gtt>et, 
 
 3. bret, 
 
 4. Dter, 
 
 5. funf, 
 
 7. fteben, 
 
 8. a<fyt, 
 
 9. tteutt, 
 
 10. }et)n, 
 
 11. etf, 
 
 12. gtt>6If, 
 
 13. bretgebn, 
 
 14. tuerjebu, 
 
 15. funfjebn, 
 
 16. fecf)gebn, 
 
 17. ftebgebn, 
 
 18. acbtgebn, 
 
 19. nemtgebn, 
 
 20. gttangtg, 
 
 21. em mtb groangtg, 
 
 22. gmet unb gwattjtg, 
 
 23. bret mtb gn>angtg, 
 
 24. mer unb jroanjtg, 
 
 30. breigtg, 
 
 31. em unbbretfng, 
 
 32. gn>et mtb bretptg, 
 
 33. bret mtb bretftg, 
 
 40. toierjig, . 
 
 41. eirt unb tuergtg, 
 
 42. jnjet unb tuerjtg, 
 
 44. t>xer imb fctergtg, 
 
 50. fmtfjtg, 
 
 51. em mtb funfgtg, 
 
 52. gwet imb funfgtg, 
 55. funf unb funfgtg, 
 
 60. fetfgtg, 
 
 61. em unb fecfyjtg, 
 66. fecfyg unb fecfyjtg, 
 
 70. jtebgtg, 
 
 71. etn unb jTebgtg, 
 77. fteben unb ftebgtg, 
 
 80. acf)tjtg, 
 
 81. etn mtb ad) tg tg, 
 88. acf)t unb acfytgtg, 
 
 90. nemtgtg, 
 
 91. etn unbneungtg, 
 
 99. nemt unb ueungtg, 
 
 100. bunbert, etnbunbert, 
 
 101. fyunbert unb emS, 
 
 102. bunbert mtb gtt>et, 
 
 103. bunbert mtb bret, 
 110. bunbert unb gebn, 
 120. fjunbert unb gwangtg, 
 125. fymtbert unb funf unb 
 
 S^angtg, 
 133. bunbert unb bret unb 
 bret£tg. 
 
 200. gtt>eil)imbert, 
 
 201. graetbunbert unb em3, 
 215, gn>etfyunbert unb_^ funf? 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 121 
 
 300. breibunbert, 2314, jroettaufenb trethm* 
 365* breibunbert unb funf unb bert unb tnerjebn, 
 
 fedigtg, 5673. funftaufenb fecbsbun* 
 1000. taufenb, eintaufenb, bert unb brei nub 
 
 1101. eintaufenb einbunbert jTebgtg, 
 
 unb ein3, 10,000. jebntaufenb, 
 
 1412. etntaufenb tikxhnn? 100,000. bunberttaufeub, 
 
 bert unb gwoff, - 1,000,000. (Sine WWwrt, 
 
 2000. jroeitaufenb, 2,000,000. 3n>ei SSKiftfwen. 
 
 ©at Sbr iBater fciefe <Pferbe ? <2r bat nur brei. SBiemef 
 
 Has Their father many horses 1 He has only three. Mow many 
 
 $mber tyahm @ie ? 3d) lja6e tuer Xoditefnnb brei Sebne. 
 
 children have They 1 I have four daughters and three sons. 
 
 2Bte alt ift 3fyr dttefter (Sofjn ? & i(i fitnf unb $tt>an$ig 
 
 How old is Their oldest son 1 He is five and twenty 
 
 Sabre alt. 2Bie alt ift Sbr SSater ? & ifr tuerjig unb einige 
 
 years old. How old is Their father 1 He is forty and several 
 
 Sabre alt. 2Cte alt ift Sbr ©rej&ater ? ®r iff an bk acfjtgig 
 
 years old. How old is Their grandfather 1 He is on the eighty 
 
 Sabre alt. 9EBte alt finb Sie ? Set) bin nettn unb g^anjig 
 
 years old. How old are They 1 I am nine and twenty 
 
 Sabre alt. SDBie fdiwer ijt Sfyr Coffer ? @r i(l fceinabe 
 
 years old. How heavy is Their trunk 1 He is almost 
 
 fimfjtg ^)funb fcbft>er. SBie alt tji 3bre jungfte Xcdjtev ? 
 
 fifty pound heavy. How old is Their youngest daughter! 
 
 @ie ijl acbtgebn %abxe alu -2Bie bed) tfl biefeg 3^ m ^ e ^ ? @$ 
 
 She is eighteen years old. How high is this room 1 It 
 
 ift jebn big jwolf gug bod). SSte fct)tt>er tfl btefer Dd)S ? dr 
 
 is ten till twelve foot high. How heavy is this ox 1 He 
 
 ill: jwetbuubert unb einige ^}funb [corner. SDBtet>tcf barest 
 
 is two hundred and several pound hekvy. How many were 
 
 Sbrer ? d$ warm unfer Jtoeif* SBte&iel jmb il;ref ? @g- 
 
 of Them 1 It were of us twelve. How many are of them 1 It 
 
 jmb ibrer funf unb merjig. ^IBtemel ift Sbr 5Ring n>ertb ? 
 
 are of them five and forty. How much is Their ring worth 1 
 
 (gr ijt etwa fitnfjebn SotfarS mxtl). Sftetne Ui)r ift ungefdbr 
 
 He is perhaps fifteen dollars worth. My watch is about 
 
 funf unb fedmg ^oilavS wertb* 5£ie fang i\i fciefee Stkib ? 
 
 five and sixty dollars worth. How long is this dress 1 
 
 @g i\t groet (iilm tang. SfBxe hod) ift btefe* jpajtg ? @g ifi 
 
 It is two yards long. How high is this house 1 It is 
 
 ungefdl)r funfjtg guf bocb. Unfer j>aus ifl brei unb fecfyjtg 
 
 about "fifty foot high. Our house is three and sixty 
 
 gup f)od). 2Bie tief ifl 3&r SSnmnen ? @r tfl ungefdbr 
 
 foot high. How deep is Their well 1 He is about 
 
 6 
 
122 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 emfyunbert $u$ ttef- 2>tefe gftauer tjt arfyt $ug bed). 3^te (grbe 
 
 one hundred foot deep. This wall is eight toot high. The earth 
 
 ^at einen Durcfymeflfer Don etntaufenb ftebenbunbert unb acbt 
 
 has a diameter of one thousand seven hundred and eight 
 
 itnb jwanjtg geograpb* SRetfett, unb em Saljr »on bretbunbert 
 
 and twenty geograph. miles, and a year of three hundred 
 
 imb fmtf imb fect^tg £agen, funf gtunben unb ad)t unb trierjtg 
 
 and five and sixty days, five hours and eight and forty 
 
 SDttmtfetu 9Str fcfyretben je|t etntaufenb acbtbunbert unb fecfyg 
 
 minutes. We write now one thousand eight hundred and six 
 
 unb tuerjtg* Ste ttntrbe geboren ben funf unb jroangtgfteit 
 
 and forty. She was born the five and twentieth 
 
 Samtar etntaufenb ftebenbunbert unb neun unb neunjtg* 
 
 January one thousand seven hundred and nine and ninety. 
 
 3m Saljre etntaufenb acfytbunbert unb gn>ei unb *>ter$tg* 
 
 In to the year one thousand eight hundred and two and forty. 
 
 £)ret dentner 3ucfer* ^unfjebn ^pfunb gletfdn 3ebn 
 
 Three hundred weight sugar. Fifteen pound meat. Ten 
 
 ©altonen 2Betn. 2>ret Zonnm ^eblen* 3^ 33ud) papier* 
 
 gallons wine. Three tons coals. Ten book paper. 
 
 3tt>6tf (gtfen 93anb. 3^et ©tunben* Sin unb funfttg 
 
 Twelve yards ribbon. Two hours. One and fifty 
 
 SOtatem gffinf Xage. ©erf)3 %at)xe. ©teben donate. 
 
 miles. Five days. Six years. Seven months. 
 
 Obs. — In expressing measure or weight, masculine 
 and neuter nouns, like spfunb, (Sentner, Surf), &c, are used 
 in the singular even after a numeral 5 but feminine nouns, 
 like (glten, ©aUonen, &a, are used in the plural. In ex- 
 pressing age, either %ahv or %ahxe may be used. In 
 expressing measure or weight, collective nouns, like 
 3urfer 7 SBetn, papier, are not inflected. In expressing 
 measure, weight, length of time or age, the respective 
 nouns are used in the accusative case. 
 
 Has your father many horses ? He has only three. 
 How many children have you ? I have four daughters 
 and three sons. How old is your eldest son ? He is 
 twenty-five years of age. How old is your father ? 
 He is over forty years of age. How old is your grand- 
 father ? He is nearly eighty years of age. What is 
 your age ? I am twenty-nine years old. How heavy 
 is your trunk ? It weighs nearly fifty pounds. How 
 old is your youngest daughter ? She is eighteen years 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 123 
 
 old. How high is this room ? It is from ten to twelve 
 feet high. How heavy is this ox ? It weighs two 
 hundred and odd pounds. How many were there of 
 you ? There were twelve of us. How many are there 
 of them ? There are forty-five of them. How much 
 is your ring worth ? It may be worth fifteen dollars. 
 My watch is worth about sixty-five dollars. How long 
 is this dress ? It is two yards long. How high is this 
 house ? It is about fifty feet high. Our house is sixty- 
 three feet high. How deep is your well ? It is about 
 a hundred feet deep. This wall is eight feet high. The 
 earth has a diameter of one thousand seven hundred and 
 twenty-eight geographical miles, and a year of three 
 hundred and sixty-five days, five hours and forty-eight 
 minutes. This is the year one thousand eight hundred 
 and forty-six. She was born on the twenty-fifth day of 
 January, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine. 
 In the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. 
 Three hundred weight of sugar. Fifteen pounds of 
 meat. Ten gallons of wine. Three tons of coal. 
 Ten quires of paper. Ten yards of ribbon. Two 
 hours. Fifty-one miles. Five days. Six years. 
 Seven months. 
 
 &n f erne, cut, one. 
 ©ner, tint, eineiv one. 
 £er erne, tie erne, i>a$ cute, the one. 
 
 Nom. %wti f two, tret, three. 
 
 Gen, 3*Peter, of two, treier, of three. 
 
 Dat. gwetett) to two, breiett, to three. 
 
 Ace. £\vei, two, tret, • three. 
 
 din Scht* ©iter* ©tie £eckei\ Sine* 
 
 One son. One. One daughter. One. 
 
 dme& Sin tyflortat ©iter* Sine Snutfce* 
 
 One. One month. One. One hour. 
 
 %ibv. (gtited. SDer erne 53ruber. -Die eine 
 
 year. One. "The one brother. The one 
 
 cute $wb* Sitter mettter grennbe. Sine mettter gretm* 
 
 one child. One of mv friends. One of rav (female) 
 
 Sin 
 
 tftnb* 
 
 One 
 
 child. 
 
 Sine* 
 
 Sin 
 
 One. 
 
 One 
 
 Aran. 
 
 Xa$ 
 
 woman. 
 
 The 
 
124 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 btnnen* @meg fetner ^ferbe* £>ie (Srjtcbung ctneg Sebtte^ 
 
 friends. One of my horses. The education of one son. 
 
 £er 3nbaft enter ©eite* £te Slnhmft ettteg ©djiffeg. Sa^ 
 
 The contents of one page. The arrival of one ship* The 
 
 Sifter be£ emeu Mxiahen. 3Me genfter ber eineu Stnbe, 
 
 age of the one boy. The windows of the one room. 
 
 £>er SBerfauf beg eineu £aufe& 3d) war bet etnem metner 
 
 The sale of the one house. I was at to one of my 
 
 greunbe* 3n etnem metner gimmev. 3d) 9^9 mtt euter 
 
 friends In to one of my rooms. I went with to one 
 
 nteuter ©d)tt>ejlern fpajterem 3wet ganje 3al)re* £>ret *>olfe 
 
 of my sisters to walk. Two whole years. Three full 
 
 ©tunbett* 9D?eme bret 23ritber, £er 33efnd) jweter grenn* 
 
 hours. My three brothers. The visit of two (female) 
 
 btntten* 25ie Shthmft jVDeter grennbe, 3Me gtbmefenbett 
 
 friends. The arrival of two friends. The absence 
 
 breter ©cfyuter* >DaS £immev metner bret Sdpefterm 3d) 
 
 of three pupils. The room of my three sisters. I 
 
 babe btee Den bret ^perfenen gebort* 3* ertmtere mid) ber 
 
 have this from to three persons heard. I recollect myself of the 
 
 bret &evven+ St ift ber ©gentbnmer tton btefen tner £dufenu 
 
 three gentlemen. He is the owner of to these four houses. 
 
 3d) brewefye em £mnbert @ter* & fmtfre eiu ganje^ ^unbert 
 
 I want one hundred eggs. He bought one whole hundred 
 
 $(afd)en nnb em £anfenb ^frcpfe. 
 
 bottles and one thousand corks. 
 
 Obs. — Cardinal numbers are indeclinable, excepting 
 cut, etne, etn, ^et, and bret* The first is declined either 
 like the indefinite article or like an adjective preceded 
 by the definite article. The two others, in connexion 
 with a noun, are not declined when they are preceded 
 by a pronoun or governed by a preposition. 
 
 One son. One. One daughter. One. One child. 
 One. One month. One. One hour. One. One year. 
 One. The one brother. The one woman. The one 
 child. One of my friends. One of my (f.) friends. 
 One of his horses. The education of one son. The 
 contents of one page. The arrival of one ship. The 
 age of the one boy. The windows of the one room. 
 The sale of the one house. 1 was with one of my 
 friends. In one of my rooms. I took a walk with one 
 of my sisters. Two whole years. Three full hours. 
 My three brothers. The visit of two (f.) friends. The 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 125 
 
 arrival of two friends. The absence of three pupils. 
 The room of my three sisters. I have heard this from 
 three persons. I recollect the three gentlemen. He is 
 the owner of these four houses. I want one hundred 
 eggs. He bought a whole hundred bottles and one 
 thousand corks. 
 
 ORDINAL NUMBERS. 
 
 ber, bie, 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rt 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 rr 
 
 // 
 
 rr 
 
 ba$ erfte, 
 
 brttte, 
 
 fcterte, 
 
 funfte, 
 
 fed^te, 
 
 ftefcente, 
 
 acf)te, 
 
 neimte, 
 
 jebnte, 
 
 elfte, 
 
 bretjebnte, 
 tnerjebute, 
 funfjebnte, 
 
 ftebjebnte, 
 acfytjebnte, 
 iiemtgebnte, 
 jnxmjtgjte, 
 tin tint) jtioanjtgtfe, 
 jwet imb groanjigfte, 
 bret unb jroanjtgfle, 
 Dter imb jroanjtgiie, 
 fitnf unb $u>an jtgfie, 
 fecM unb 'jtoanjtgfie, 
 ftebeu unb gnxmjtgfte, 
 acbt imb jroanjtgjte, 
 neint unb jftmnjtgjle, 
 breiftgfie, 
 
 the first. 
 " second. 
 " third. 
 " fourth. 
 " fifth. 
 " sixth. 
 " seventh. 
 " eighth. 
 " ninth. 
 " tenth. 
 " eleventh 
 " twelfth. 
 " thirteenth. 
 " fourteenth. 
 " fifteenth. 
 " sixteenth. 
 u seventeenth. 
 " eighteenth. 
 " nineteenth. 
 u twentieth. 
 " twenty-first. 
 " twenty-second. 
 " twenty-third. 
 " twenty-fourth 
 " twenty-fifth. 
 " twenty. sixth. 
 " twenty-seventh. 
 " twenty-eighth. 
 " twenty-ninth. 
 " thirtieth. 
 
126 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN, 
 
 ber, bte, 
 
 // 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 // 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 // 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 // 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 rt 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 9* 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 // 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 // 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ft 
 
 ff 
 
 ft 
 
 ba$ Dierjtgfte, 
 fmtfetgfie, 
 
 fechjtgfte, 
 fcebgtgfte, 
 
 adhfjtgfte, 
 
 neimjigjte, 
 
 futnbertfte, 
 
 bunbert tmb erfle, 
 
 bunbert unb jmette, 
 
 bunbert unb brttte, 
 
 bunbert unb rnerte, 
 
 bunbert unb funfte, 
 
 jroetbunberrfte, 
 
 bretbunbertfie, 
 
 tnerbunbertfte, 
 
 funfbunbertfte, 
 
 ferf$ bunbert jte, 
 
 ftebenbunbertfte, 
 
 acfytbimbertfie, 
 
 rtemtbunbertfle, 
 
 tanfenkfte, 
 
 jtt)Htatifenbfle, 
 
 brettaufenbfte, 
 
 btertaitfenbfie, 
 
 flnftaufenbfle, 
 
 fetf^taufenbfle, 
 
 jTebentaufenbfie, 
 
 acbttaufenbfte, 
 
 neuntaufenbfte, 
 
 jebntaufenbfte, 
 
 the 
 
 a 
 ti 
 
 it 
 
 ti 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 et 
 
 it 
 
 a 
 tt 
 a 
 a 
 tt 
 a 
 a 
 
 tt 
 a 
 it 
 
 a 
 it 
 a 
 a 
 
 fortieth, 
 fiftieth, 
 sixtieth, 
 seventieth, 
 eightieth. 
 ninetieth. 
 hundredth, 
 hundred and first, 
 hundred and second, 
 hundred and third, 
 hundred and fourth, 
 hundred and fifth, 
 two hundredth, 
 three hundredth, 
 four hundredth, 
 five hundredth, 
 six hundredth, 
 seven hundredth, 
 eight hundredth, 
 nine hundredth, 
 thousandth, 
 two thousandth, 
 three thousandth, 
 four thousandth, 
 five thousandth, 
 six thousandth, 
 seven thousandth, 
 eight thousandth, 
 nine thousandth, 
 ten thousandth. 
 
 Sen ttneinelften ba6en xoix beute ? S£?tr baben f)eute ben 
 
 The how most have we to-day 1 We hare to-day the 
 
 jebnten* 2Btr baben beute ben tin unb jtoanjtgjtem SGBaS 
 
 tenth. We hare to-day the one and twentieth. What 
 
 tjl beute fur em Saturn ? " &ente tft ber fcner unb $tt>att$tgfte* 
 
 is to-day for a date 1 To-day is the four and twentieth. 
 
 dv ftavb am ferf^ten Sunt ad^ebnbuubert unb fecfjS unb 
 
 He died on to the sixth June eighteen hundred and six and 
 
 aterjig, Sa3 acfttjebnbimbert unb fed)g unb werjigjte Satyr* 
 
 forty. The eighteen hundred and six and fortieth year. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 127 
 
 3dj bin ber grjte in ber Scbute* £n 6i$ ber SBferte. 2>eut 
 
 I am the first in to the school. Thou art the fourth. Thy 
 
 aSntber tfi ber Sfrbte* £er brttte Rank. Xa$ acfttjehnte 
 
 brother is the eighth. The third volume. The eighteenth 
 
 JvamteL £er fteben unb irier^igjie 33er& 2lm tnerjebnten 
 
 chapter. The seven and fortieth verse. On to the fourteenth 
 
 btefeg SWonatS* SDfe bunbert unb funf unb bretpigfte Uefcnng. 
 
 of this month. The hundred and five and thirtieth exercise. 
 
 ^tdfrarb ber brttte. Marl ber gnnfte* grtebrtdb ber %mite. 
 
 Richard the Third. Charles the Fifth. Frederick the Second. 
 
 Gatbaruta bte %mite. &etnrtcf) ber Sterte* 
 
 Catharine the Second. Henry the Fourth. 
 
 What day of the month is this ? This is the tenth. 
 This is the twenty-first. What is the date to-day? 
 This is the twenty-fourth. He died on the sixth day 
 of June, eighteen hundred and forty-six. The eighteen 
 hundred and forty-sixth year. I am the first in school. 
 Thou art the fourth. Thy brother is the eighth. The 
 third volume. The eighteenth chapter. The forty- 
 seventh verse. On the fourteenth of this month. 
 Exercise one hundred thirty-five. Richard III. 
 Charles V. Frederick II. Catharine II. Henry IV. 
 
 S}alb, half. 
 
 £er r tie, ba$ baibe, half the. 
 
 din balber, etne bafbe, em battel, half a. 
 
 Slnbertbatb {meaning one and the other half), one and a 
 
 half. 
 'Zvittebatb or brtttba(6 {meaning two and the third half), 
 
 two and a half. , 
 2Stertebal6 or merfbatb, three and a half. 
 gnnftebaI6 or fimftbaft, four and a half. 
 Secf)3teba(6 or fed^tbalb, five and a half, &c. &c. 
 
 25te &affte, the half. 
 
 3wet £d(ften, two halves. 
 
 £a£, em Xrtttef, the, a, one third. 
 
 3ft>et 2)rittel, two thirds. 
 
 Xa$, em SSiertef, the, a, one fourth. 
 
 ©ret SSiertel, three fourths. 
 
 Xa$, em gftttftel, the, a, one fifth. 
 
1 2S EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Ster guaftcl, four fifths. 
 
 2>a3, em ©ecfygtel, the, a, one sixth. 
 
 gi'mf Secret, five sixths. 
 
 SDaS, em ©tebentei, the, a, one seventh. 
 
 @edjg ©tebentef, six sevenths. 
 
 £aS, em SJcfytef, the, a, one eighth. 
 
 ©te&ett Slcfytel, seven eighths. 
 
 ©a3, ein SJeuntet, the, a, one ninth. 
 
 Slcfyt SJetmtet, eight ninths. 
 
 5Da£, ettt B^tei, the, a, one tenth. 
 
 SEetttt 3^7^/ n * ne tenths. 
 
 5Da3, ein 3W6IJM, the, a, one twelfth. 
 
 ©f Bm&ftej) eleven twelfths. 
 
 Sag, em Bwatt jtgfiel, the, a, one twentieth, 
 
 3Da£, ein ^imbettjM, the, a, one hundreth. 
 
 ®ni haibex ©otfot* dine batbe Stimbe. din baibe§ 
 
 A half dollar. A half hour. A " half 
 
 Safyr* ©it tjalbex Zag. dine baibe dtie. din baibex $u#* 
 
 year. A half day. A half yard. A half foot, 
 
 25er Mxng ift balb fccC ©eben ©te mtr trie £dffte* 9iebmen 
 
 The pitcher is half full. Give They to me the half. Take 
 
 gie cine #&lfte. d& ifr um bte jfcalfte Ueinex. £a£ gag 
 
 The;/ one half. 'It is about the half smaller. The cask 
 
 tfl bio jur S>aifte leer, din tyalbeg ^>fimb 3tet3* Slttbert* 
 
 is till to the half empty. A half pound rice. One and a 
 
 balb ^)funb M\e. Qxittbalb ^funb £abaf ♦ dinen fyalbett 
 
 half pound cheese. Two and a half pound tobacco. A half 
 
 £ag fang. Gmten bal&en gtt# brett SOBir toavteten anberfc* 
 
 day long. A half foot broad. We waited one and a 
 
 balb ©hmben. %ebn wnb erne baibe dtle. ®ret unb em 
 
 half hours. Ten and a half yard. Three and a 
 
 balbev gug. %imf tmb ein balbe$ spftntb. £rei tmb eineu 
 
 half foot. Five and a half pound Three and a 
 
 balbzn %v$ hod). Broanjig unb ein balbe$ ^)fimb frf)tt>et\ 
 
 half foot high. Twenty and a half pound heavy. 
 
 din 23tertetjaf)r. dine SStertetette* £ret 3StertefeIIen. 
 
 A quarter of a year. A quarter of a yard. Three quarters of a yard. 
 
 din' SStertelpfunb. dine SBtertelfhmbe* Sret 
 
 A quarter of a pound. A quarter of an hour. Three 
 
 aSterteffhtnfcen. gBieind llfjr tfl e$ ? @3 ift halb etttS, m 
 
 quarters of an hour. How much clock is it 1 It is half one It 
 
 tft ijalb jrceu d$ tfl I>aI6 fiinf. d$ ift ein Siertef auf $et)tt> 
 
 i§ half twr. It is half five, It is a quarter up to tea, 
 
iCASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 129 
 
 ®6 1ft em SStertel narf) iieim* @3 tji bret SStertel auf funf. 
 
 It is a quarter after nine. It is three quarters up to five. 
 
 SOBtr faincn tint brei Ubr. Urn halb gtt>eu S3 ift ncd> 
 
 We came about three clock. About half two. It is yet 
 
 i\\d)t trier Ubr. B^iiutg SKmutett ttadfo tua\ @3 fcnlagt 
 
 not four clock. Twenty minutes after four. It strikes 
 
 ferfjg. @S ift jte&ett, 
 
 six. It is seven. 
 
 Half a dollar. Half an hour. Half a year. Half 
 a day. Half a yard. Half a foot. The pitcher is 
 half full. Give me half. Take one half. It is small- 
 er by half. The cask is empty to the middle. Haifa 
 pound of rice. One pound and a half of cheese. 
 Two pounds and a half of tobacco. For half a day. 
 Half a foot wide. We waited one hour and a half. 
 Ten yards and a half. Three feet and a half. Five 
 pounds and a half. Three feet and a half high. 
 Twenty and a half pounds heavy. A quarter of a 
 year. A quarter of a yard. Three quarters of a yard. 
 A quarter of a pound. A quarter of an hour. Three 
 quarters of an hour. What o'clock is it ? It is half 
 past twelve. It is half past one. It is half past four. 
 It is a quarter past nine. It is a quarter after nine. 
 It is three quarters past four. We came at three 
 o'clock. At half past one. It is not yet four o'clock. 
 Twenty minutes past four. It is striking six. It is 
 seven o'clock. 
 
 grueniv firstly. gihtften^ fifthly. 
 
 ^miteng, secondly. ©ecbeten^, sixthly. 
 
 ^rttten^ thirdly. 3etntten£ / tenthly. 
 
 SSierien^ fourthly, 3&cm$g$m& f twentiethly. 
 
 ffi?arum baben Ste mtdj gefteru mcftt fcfuciu ? @r$en3 
 
 Why have They me yesterday not visited I Firstly 
 
 batit id) mrf)t 3ctF, auSjugeben : jtretten^ wax mein SBater 
 
 had I not time cut to go : seccndlv was my father 
 
 mipdBUrf) ; trttten^ roar eg jciUeaife3 5£ettei\ (frfteng tjt 
 
 unwell ; thirdly was it bad weather. Firstly is 
 
 6* 
 
130 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ber SKamt arm ; jroeitenS ift er f rdnf (trf) nnb brttten^ fyat er 
 
 the man poor ; secondly is he sickly, and thirdly has he 
 
 eute gro£e §amttte* 
 
 a large family. 
 
 Why did you not call upon me yesterday 7 Firstly, 
 I had no time to go out ; secondly, my father was un- 
 well ; and thirdly, the weather was bad. Firstly, the 
 man is poor ; secondly, he is sickly ; and thirdly, he 
 has a large family. 
 
 OK a I, time. 
 
 Zft* erfte &* or, j > h firgt . 
 
 3um eriten SKafe, 5 
 
 f^^ ei f^ r or '? the second time. 
 £a£ tnevre SWaf, the fourth time. 
 
 Stttmal, once. gimfmal, five times. 
 
 3tt>emtaf, twice. Secfygmaf, six times. 
 
 Sreittial, three times. 3 e ^ ima v ten times. 
 
 SBtermal, four times. jjtmfcertmaf, a hundred times. 
 
 SDiegtttaf, this time. SStelmafS, many times. 
 
 Sflfetnal, J every time ^ebrmate, several times. 
 
 Sebetimaf, \ 5 ' ' Semal*, ever. 
 
 SNcmdjmaf, sometimes. SftiemaB, never. 
 
 3d) fehe ibn jebe SBodje eutmaL £te tjjt gnoetmal l)iev 
 
 I see him every week once. She is twice here 
 
 gett>efcn. ©agen Ste e3 nod) einmaL Steffed Sett ifi bret* 
 
 been. Tell They it yet once. This line is three 
 
 mat fo fang ate jmd. gimfmat fi'mf tp fimf nnb jwan jtg, 
 
 times so long as that. Five times five is five and twenty. 
 
 ©echSmal Vecfyg tft fecfyg nnb breiptg* 3d) babe biefeS S3itd) 
 
 Six times six is six and thirty. I have this book 
 
 gweimal gefefen; £a$ erfte Wlai tint ffitcftttg, obex ba$ gn>ette 
 
 twice read; the first time only hastily, but the second 
 
 ■Dtat febr ctufmerffam* Oeben Ste mandhnial tti$ £beater? 
 
 time very attentively. Go They sometimes into the theatre 1 
 
 Stub Ste fc§ten SECtnter oft tnsf £beater gegangen? 3tf) 
 
 Are They last winter often into the theatre gone ? I 
 
 bin jebumat Mneut gegangcn* @eben Sie oft ju Sfyrem 
 
 am ten times thereinto gone. Go They often to Their 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 131 
 
 Setter? Scf) gefye jebe SBoche bretmal ju ibm. 3cf) ttar 
 
 cousin 1 I go every week three times to to him. I was 
 
 mvmal in feutem ftaufe ; ba£ erfte 93M n>ar er unttoM ; 
 
 four times in to his house ; the first time was he unwell ; 
 
 ba3 jmette 5M traf id) tfyn mcfct ju §aufe ; ate id) jum 
 
 the second time met I him not at house ; when I to the 
 
 brttten tyflate f am, wax er gerabe 6efdhdfttgt ; aber ba$ inerte 
 
 third time came, was he just occupied ; but the fourth 
 
 S J)M getang e£ mix, ibn ii&er %hxe SJngefegettbett ju fprecfyetn 
 
 time succeeded it to me him about Their affair to speak. 
 
 @te fptelte baiJe(6e ©turf fecf)3maf+ Ste^mal tjl 3&re SJufgabe 
 
 She played the same piece six times. This time is Their lesson 
 
 fehterfreu 3d) bake S^reti greunb mefrrmate fccfudfjt* @r 
 
 faultless. I have Their friend several times visited. He 
 
 f am attentat ju fpak §a6eit Ste e£ ;emat3 fcerfucfyt ? 3dE) 
 
 came every time too late. Have They it ever tried] I 
 
 fyafce'eg btelmafe fcerfucftt, a6er eg"ijt mir memate gelmtgett- 
 
 have it many times tried, but it is to me never succeeded. 
 
 I see him once every week. She has been here 
 twice. Tell it once more. This line is three times as 
 long as that. Five times five are twenty-five. Six 
 times six are thirty-six. I have read this book twice ; 
 the first time only hastily, but the second time very at- 
 tentively. Do you sometimes go to the theatre? Did 
 you often go to the theatre last winter? I went thither 
 ten times. Do you often go to your cousin's? I call 
 upon him three times every week. I was at his house 
 four times ; the first time he was unwell ; the second 
 time I did not meet him at home ; when I came the 
 third time, Jie was just occupied ; but the fourth time I 
 succeeded in speaking to him about your affair. She 
 played the same piece six times. This time your lesson 
 is faultless. I have called upon your friend several 
 times. He every time came too late. Have you ever 
 tried it? I have many times tried, but I never suc- 
 ceeded in it. 
 
 dlod) mxrnal fo met, as much, as many again. 
 9iccb etnmat fo Brett, as wide again. 
 i>ioch einmat fo ttef, as deep again. 
 
132 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ytod) etrtmat fo bid, as thick again. 
 3torf) etnmat fo lang, as long again. 
 died) einmal fo alt, as old again. 
 
 ©nfad), single. giinffad), fivefold. 
 
 Seppeftv double. ©ed^fad), sixfold. 
 
 ©retfad), threefold. Qetynfad), tenfold. 
 
 g?ierfa<% fourfold. Sjunbertfach, a hundredfold. 
 
 (Srjted &apiteL $ront?$ StapiteL Sterter Sfaftritt 
 
 First chapter. Second chapter. Fourth scene. 
 
 fritter Stofjttg* ©ette embnnbert 
 
 Third act. Page one hundred. 
 
 Chapter I. Chapter II. Fourth sefhe. "'jThird act. 
 Page 100. 
 
 2Qo twbxien ©te ? 3d) tt>oi)ne in ber jwanjtgften ©frape 
 
 Where live They? I live in Wthe twentieth street, 
 
 SWummer gtoetbunfcert unb atfyt unb jaJtfgtg. 3n bcr gefynten 
 
 number two hundred and eight and fifty. Jn to the tenth 
 
 ©trape Summer acfyt unb iteunjtg. „ f r f J\ 
 
 street, number eight and ninety. n i. j - &* » * 
 
 Where do you reside ? I reside at number two hun- 
 dred and fifty-eight twentieth-street. At number nine- 
 ty-eight tenth-street. 
 
 A p:.ir gloves. A dozen eggs. 
 
 A pair of gloves, A dozen eggs. 
 
The 
 
 children are 
 
 Sift £lt 
 
 mem 
 
 Art 
 
 thou 
 
 my 
 
 Sff 
 
 ba$ 
 
 $ferb 
 
 Is 
 
 the 
 
 horse 
 
 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 133 
 
 VERBS. 
 
 ©ettt, to be. 
 
 PRESENT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 3d) bin $ufrteben. j)u bift ftug* @r ift gefaflftg* ©ie ift 
 
 I am content. Thou art prudent. He is obliging. She is 
 
 fcefcfyetben. &$ (tag &au$) ift fcfjom 9Btr finb betregem 
 
 modest. It (the house) is beautiful. We are deceived. 
 
 3t)r feib fcernimfttg* ©ie (©) ftnb gitttg* 3Me jtinber finb 
 
 You are reasonable. They are kind. 
 
 arttg* ©ie jTnb Hug* Sin id) filter? 
 
 kind. Thev are prudent. Am I safe 1 
 
 grennb ? 3ft er gefdytcft ? 3ft fte jnng ? 
 
 friend % Is he skilful 1 Is she young % 
 
 fcfyen? 3ft e3 fafmt? ©inb mir baju fcerecbtigt? ©eib 
 
 shy 1 Is it lame 1 Are we thereto entitled 1 Are 
 
 3hr gerecfyt ? ©inb ©ie frcmf ? ©inb tie SSKdtcfeen gefcbitft ? 
 
 you just 1 Are They sick 1 Are the girls skilful 1 
 
 ©tnb fie flei£ig ? 3d) tin nidbt bnngrig. 35tf bill ntcftt etteL 
 
 Are they industrious 1 I am not hungry. Thou art not vain. 
 
 (gv tfi nicbt fiofj*. ©ie tfi mcftt ju £cmfe. £a3 9D?efier tfi 
 
 He h not proud. She is not at house. The knife is 
 
 md]t frfjarf* (Si tfi mcfyt jiuntpf. 2Bir fTttb nidit beletbtgt 
 
 not sharp. It is not blunt. We are not offended. 
 
 3fyr fetb nid)t fcorftcfyttg, ©ie (©) ftnb xttdbt Dcrfaffen* Tie 
 
 You are not cautious. They are not forsaken. The 
 
 ©trafjen fmb mtfjt rein* ©ie fmb ntcfjt fdimufeig* -2?in id) 
 
 streets are not clean. They are not muddy. Am I 
 
 ttttfjt feiu gremtb ? 23ift £u nicbt fcm ©obn ? 3ft er mtfrt 
 
 not his friend 1 Art thou not his son 1 Is he not 
 
 it)r 8fr#-S 3ft p ttidjt nteme ©itmefter? 3ft eg ntdf>t 
 
 her physician 1 Is she not my sister 1 Is it not 
 
 tvabv ? ©inb xoiv mcht frei ? ©eib 3^ ntcht jnfrieben ? 
 
 true 1 Are we not free 7 Are you not content 1 
 
 ©inb ©ie tucfct ein £euifdher ? ©inb 3bre SSruber ntdht bier ? 
 
 Are They .not a German 1 Are Their brothers not here 1 
 
 ©inb fte nid)t gegeim>artig ? 
 
 Are they not present 1 
 
 Obs. — ©ie finb signifies they are, and ©ie finb corres- 
 ponds to you are ; the latter having only a capital © in ©ie 
 for a distinguishing mark. In German, persons usually 
 address each other in the third person plural, a peculiarity 
 which concerns both the pronoun and the verb, and 
 claims the attention of the learner, more especially as 
 regards the verb, inasmuch as throughout the whole 
 
134 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 conjugation the second and third persons plural have 
 two different forms. The learner will best succeed in 
 familiarizing himself with this peculiarity by establish- 
 ing the view, that in German persons are spoken to as 
 a number of persons or things are spoken of. 
 
 I am content. Thou art prudent. He is obliging. 
 She is modest. It (the house) is beautiful. We are 
 deceived. You are reasonable. You are kind. The 
 children are kind. They are prudent. Am 1 safe ? Art 
 thou my friend ? Is he skilful ? Is she young ? Is 
 .the horse shy? Is it lame? Are we entitled to it? 
 Are you just ? Are you sick ? Are the girls skilful ? 
 Are they industrious? I am not hungry. Thou art 
 not vain. He is not proud. She is not at home. The 
 knife is not sharp. It is not blunt. We are not of- 
 fended. You are not cautious. You are not forsaken. 
 The streets are not clean. They are not muddy. Am 
 I not his friend ? Art thou not his son ? Is he not her 
 physician ? Is she not my sister ? Is it not true ? Are 
 we not free ? Are you not content ? Are you not a 
 German ? Are your brothers not here ? Are they not 
 present ? 
 
 © e i n, to be. 
 
 IMPERFECT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 3d) tvav im ©artetu 3rf) tt>ar md)t tm gimffier* 2Bar 
 
 I was in to the garden. I was not in to the room. Was 
 
 id} flet£ig ? Sffiar id) ntrf)t unfdjufotg ? ©o warfi 2m ? 
 
 I industrious ! Was I not innocent 1 Where wast thou! 
 
 SDBarfl 5Du md)t auf bent Sanbe ? £u roarfi mcfyt aufmerf fam. 
 
 Wast thou not on to the country! Thou wast not attentive. 
 
 SS?o n>ar er ? dv tt>ar bet femem gretmbe* @r war tricfyt 
 
 Where was he % He was at to his friend. He was not 
 
 bcu 2Bar er ntdjt in ber ©tabt ? Sffiar fte fdjon ? (2ie 
 
 there. Was he not in to the town! Was she handsome ! She 
 
 tvav eg* ©te tt>ar ntrfjt glucHtdn 2Bar fte mcfyt jwtg? 
 
 was it. She was not fortunate. Was she not young! 
 
 3>ag Mcib war tbeuer. @g war ntcfyt f)it6frf). $Bar eg 
 
 The dress was dear. It was not pretty, W^as it 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 135 
 
 md)t gefb? SB?ar e£ grim? 903tr ttareit tm Sweater* 
 
 not yellow 1 Was it green 1 TTe were in to the theatre. 
 
 SSBareit mv fritber ba ate Ste ? UBtr maren tttcbt tit ber 
 
 Were we earlier there than They I We were not in to the 
 
 ftivd)?. 2Barett mv niifyt fo fleigtg tok jene $na&en ? 3br 
 
 church. Were we not so industrious as those boys % You 
 
 wavet frdge* 3<J# roaret nxcht aufmerffanu s J2aret Sfyr 
 
 were lazy. You were not attentive Were you 
 
 geberfam ? 2Saret 3br ntdjt imgeborfam ? ®te (©) 
 
 obedient ! Were you not disobedient I They 
 
 ttareit ftug* 2Carett ®ie fcergnftgt ? Ste (2) ttarett nidbt 
 
 were prudent. Were They happy] They were not 
 
 tit bent ?abett* SOBaren Ste mcftt auf bent SSatfe ? 3Me 
 
 in to the store. Were They not on to the ha.ll 1 The 
 
 Sameit toavext ittctit bet £tfdhe* Sie ttarett tm ©arten* 
 
 ladies were not at to table. They were in to the garden. 
 
 SBBaren fie abroefenb ? iT?aren fte mdht aitroefettb ? 
 
 I was in the garden. I was not in the room. Was 
 I industrious ? Was I not innocent ? Where wast 
 thou ? Wast thou not in the country ? Thou wast not 
 attentive. Where was he ? He was with his friend. 
 He was not there. Was he not in town ? Was she 
 handsome ? She was so. She was not fortunate. 
 Was she not young ? The dress was dear. It was 
 not pretty. Was it not yellow ? Was it green ? We 
 were at the theatre. Were we there sooner than you ? 
 We were not at church. Were we not as industrious 
 as those boys ? You were lazy. You were not atten- 
 tive. Were you obedient ? Were you not disobedient ? 
 You were prudent. Were you happy? You were not 
 in the store. Were you not at the ball ? The ladies 
 were not at table. They were in the garden. Were 
 they absent ? Were they not present ? 
 
 POSITION IN A SENTENCE OF ] Z \ It IN THE PRESENT 
 AND IMPERFECT TENSES. 
 
 @g tji fpfifc SgBtff&i <£te, *me jipfit e^ if! ? 2Bte fyat i]l 
 
 It is late. Know They how late it is 1 How late is 
 
136 EAS¥ LESSONS IN GERMAN* 
 
 eg ? 3ft bfefeS 3^ rnmc ^ $u gtog ? 3d) glaube, ba$ eg ftebef 
 
 it 1 Is this room too large 1 I believe that it neither 
 
 git grcf? nerf) ju f tern ijh SOBag ifi in biefem ©lafe ? SOBifleit 
 
 too large nor too small is. What is in to this glass 1 Know 
 
 gie, mag in biefem ©lafe xji ? ©agen Sie mir, wag barin 
 
 They what in to this glass is ? Tell They to me what therein 
 
 tfi* 3d) babe lange gefrfjrieben, aber id) bin nod) nid)t ferttg* 
 
 is. I hare long written, but I am not yet done. 
 
 c iv fi'efyt -gut aix$, ofcgfetd) er fxant ift. 3d) fann bag Mkib 
 
 He looks well out, though he sick is. I can the dress 
 
 nid)t tragen, u>eif eg git fang ifh 3d) tterbe nid)t fpagieren 
 
 not wear, because it too long is. I shall not to walk 
 
 geben, U)eit meine SWutfer nnpcifHid) ifL 5fi?arnm if t er nicbt ? 
 
 so, because my mother indisposed is. Why eats he not '1 
 
 SOBeil er nidjt fyungrtg \\~i. 3d) trane ibm, weif er ebr(id) 
 
 Because he not hungry is. I trust to him, because he honest 
 
 t'ft 3t)r $affee iji nid)t fug gemtg* 3d) glaube, ba£ er nid)t 
 
 is. Their coffee is not sweet enough. I believe that he not 
 
 fug gemtg ifi 23enn er eg nidjt ill*, fo fagen ®ie eg* SGB.o ip 
 
 sWeet enough is. If he it not is> so tell They it. Where is 
 
 mein SSrnber ? Stiffen ®ie, tt>o ntein SBrnber i|l ? SS?c 
 
 my brother 1 Know They where my brother is 1 Where 
 
 tit ber 9tccf, n>eld)er anggubefjew tft_ < ? SK?er ill eg ? 5K?ifiVn 
 
 is the coat which to mend is 1 Who is it 1 Know 
 
 ®ie, tt>er eg i(l ? @g ift eine junge IMnte* 3d) fcenmitbe, 
 
 They who it is 1 It is a young lady. I presume 
 
 fcaf eg eine junge, 3Mme iji, 3d) bin eg, ber eg gefagt bat 
 
 that it a young lady is. I am it, who it said has. 
 
 <§g ftnb Diele "geute frank SBtfl tm eg, 9JJarie? SBte maren 
 
 It are many people sick. Art thou it, Mary 1 How were 
 
 fte geWeibct ? gagen Sie mir, rote fte gefleibet roareiu 3d) 
 
 they dressed 1 Tell They to me how they dressed were. I 
 
 glaube, ba$ fte fd)tt>arg gefleibet ftxum 22er xvav eg? 
 
 believe that they black dressed were. Who was it 1 
 
 SBBifien Sie, mer eg tvav ? 3d) tt>ei£ ntd)f> n>er eg n>ar. 
 
 Know They who it was 1 I know not who it was. 
 
 2Sie geftet 3bnen ber Wlam, mfdjiv bente bei mir tvav ? 
 
 How pleased to Them the man who to-day at to me was 1 
 
 Sie $vai\, mldje bente 9)?crgen roabrenb Sfyrer 2ibn>efenbeit 
 
 The woman which to-day morning daring of Their absence 
 
 gweimal mit ibrer Xocbter bier toav, wiinfdjt Sie jtt fpredjen. 
 
 twice with to her daughter here was, wishes Them to speak. 
 
 2tfg er nneber gefunb tt>ar, reipte er ab. 5Go roaren (Ete, ate 
 
 When he again healthy was travelled he off. Where were They when 
 
 id) bei 3brem ©ruber war ? 2tfg id) bei tbr war, war fte 
 
 I at to Their brother was 1 When I at to her was, was she 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 137 
 
 febr mutiter. SEaren ©te fcort ? Saaen ©fe nur, c& Sxe 
 
 very gay. Were They there ! Tell They to me if They 
 
 tort tt>aren* 
 
 there were. 
 
 Ohs. — The position of the verb fein in the foregoing 
 examples is regulated by the following general rules 
 referring to any verb : Conjunctions and adverbs, such 
 as, a I i, nu e, ba$, o 6 a I e tit, n> e t (, to t vt tt, to o, fyc. ; 
 and relative pronouns, such as, \x> e I rf) e r, to e r, \v> a 3, 
 <f*c, require the verb with which they are connected at the 
 end of the sentence, - Exception. The conjunctions link, 
 aber, benn and f o n b e r n, and interrogative adverbs, 
 do not influence the position of the verb. 
 
 It is late. Do you know how late it is ? How late 
 is it? Is this room too large? I believe that it is 
 neither too large nor too small. What is in this glass ? 
 Do you know what is in this glass ? Tell me what is 
 in it. I have been writing long, but I am not yet done. 
 He looks well, though he is sick. I cannot wear the 
 dress, because it is too long. I shall not take a walk, 
 because my mother is indisposed. Why does he not 
 eat? Because he is not hungry. I trust him, because 
 he is honest. Your coffee is not sweet enough. If it 
 is not, tell it me. Where is my brother ? Do you 
 know where my hrother is ? Where is the coat that is 
 to be mended ! Who is it ? Do you knew who it is ? 
 It is a young lady. I presume that it is a young lady. 
 It was I who said so. There are many sick people. Is 
 it yon, Mary ? How were they dressed ? Tell me how 
 they were dressed. I believe that they were dressed in 
 black. Who was it ? Do you know who it was ? 
 How were you pleased with the man who was with 
 me to-day ? The woman who was here twice with 
 her daughter this morning during your absence, 
 wishes to speak to you. When he was well again 
 he departed. Where were you when I was with your 
 brother i When I was with her she was very gay. 
 Were you there ? Tell me whether you were there, 
 
138 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 © e i n, to be. 
 
 COMPOUND TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE MOOD — 
 INFINITIVE.' 
 
 5Bo U\l Sit gewefen ? %ift Sit ju fcanfe gewefen ? 
 
 Where art thou been % Art thou at to house been 1 
 
 ©inb ©ie m ber ©dntte gcwoefen ? 3d) bin tttcf)t ba gewefen. 
 
 Are They in to the school been 1 I am not there been. 
 
 3d) bebanre,. ba^ ©ie nid)t ba gen>efen fmb. ©agen ©ie 
 
 I regret that They not there been are. Tell They 
 
 imr, xvo ©ie gewefen ftnb* ©tub ©ie fcfyon cmf bem 9Warfte 
 
 to me where They been are. Are They already on to the market 
 
 geroefen? 3d) but nod) ntrfjt ba geroefen. 5K3arnm ftnb 
 
 been 1 I am yet not there been. Why are 
 
 ©te nod) md)t ba gewefett ? 3ft Sutfe fd)on ba gewefen ? 
 
 They yet not there been 1 Is Louisa already there been 1 
 
 3d) n>et$ ntd)t, ob fte fcfyon ba gemefen ijl. ©eftern tfi 
 
 1 know not whether she already there been is. Yesterday is 
 
 er frdnfer gercefen. (£$ ift fyente ?D?orgen em bider S^ebet 
 
 he worse been. It is to-day morning a thick fog 
 
 gewefen. ©tub nrir ntd)t gfiitflid) gett>efen ? 9?ad)bem id) 
 
 been. Are we not fortunate been 1 After I 
 
 bretmat bergeben^ bet tbm gett>efen roar, fdjrieb id) if)m 
 
 three times in Fain at to him been was, wrote I to him 
 
 biefm SSrief. 3d) ft>erbe nm brei Ubr jn £anfe fern. 3d) 
 
 this letter. I shall about three clock at to house be. I 
 
 bojfe, ha$ id) um brei Ubr ju £anfe fein tt>erbe. SBann 
 
 hope that I about' three clock at to house be shall. When 
 
 nrirb er bier fein ? 3rf) boffe, &af? er balb bier fein ttrirb. 
 
 will he here be 1 I hope that he soon here be will. 
 
 2Bir$ Sn fmtfftg ftarfamer fein ? Sag fann ntcbt fein. 
 
 Wilt thou in future more saving be 1 That can not be. 
 
 StBarttm fann bag nid)t fein ? ©agen @ie mir, nxtrnm bag 
 
 Why can that not . be 2 Tell They to me why that 
 
 ntcfit fein fann. 9D?n£ tdj jngegen fein ? dv gebacbte nm 
 
 not be can. Must I present be % He thought about 
 
 trier Ubr bort gu fein. ©ie fdjeinen nid)t bamit jnfrieben jn 
 
 four clock there to be. They appear not therewith content to 
 
 fein. Sag g>ferb fcf)etnt jnng jn fein. 
 
 be. The horse appears young to be. 
 
 Obs. — Conjunctions and adverbs, such as alg, ttrie, 
 £a$, cbgleid), roeif, n>enn, W &c, and relative pronouns, 
 such as tt>etd)er, n>er, tt>ag &c, require the auxiliary at 
 the end of the sentence ; in all other cases, either the 
 past participle or the infinitive closes the sentence. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 139 
 
 Where hast thou been? Wast thou at home? 
 Were you at school ? I have not been there. I regret 
 that you were not there. Tell me where you have 
 been. Have yoti been at the market already ? I have 
 not yet been there. Why have you not yet been 
 there ? Has Louisa already been there ? I do not 
 know - whether she has been there already. Yesterday 
 he was worse. There was a thick fog this morning. 
 Were we not fortunate ? After I had been at his 
 house three times in vain, I wrote this letter to him. 
 I shall be at home at three o'clock. I hope that I 
 shall be at home at three o'clock. When will he be 
 here ? I hope that he will be here soon. Wilt thou 
 be more saving in future ? That cannot be. Why can 
 that not be ? Tell me why that cannot be. Must I 
 be present ? He intended to be there at four o'clock. 
 They do not seem to be satisfied with it. The horse 
 appears to be young. 
 
 © e t XI, to be. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE Z\IO OD. 
 
 @r fagt, fee. fet Derftdrtbtg. 3rf) rounfefye, bag fTe cfMM) 
 
 He says she be prudent. I wish that she happy 
 
 fet. dv rpunfcfyt, bag tcft 6et tbm feu SBBer e3 and) fet, id) 
 
 be. He wishes that I at to him be. Who it also be I 
 
 fantt tbn je§t ntcbt fprecbeiu 2Ba3 aucf) tl)r SSertangen fet, 
 
 can him now not speak. What also her request be 
 
 id) ttritt e3 tbr gewabrett- Qv nritt mtr tie 2Baaren mcfyt 
 
 I will it to her grant. He will to me the goods not 
 
 geben, e£ fet bentt, bag id) tbm ©tdjerbett gebe* 3 e ^S e ^ Ste 
 
 give, it be then that I to him security give. Show They 
 
 e*> tbr, bamtt fie itberjeitgt feu ©eben Ste bem Siinic 
 
 it to her that she convinced be Give They to the child 
 
 etroctS, bamtt e3 rubtg feu Ste atttrocrtete, e3 fet nid)t noabv. 
 
 something that it quiet be. She answered it be not true. 
 
 @r gtaubt, fte fet alter* 9J?an fagte mtr, ba$ ^ferb fet jung. 
 
 He believes she be older. One told to me the horse be young. 
 
 & fcerftcberte mtr, fte fet unfefyutbtg. Q$ tft mebt xatbjam, 
 
 He assured to me she be innocent. It is not advisable 
 
 bag ber gronfe altem feu Ste fagten, fte feten mtr mcfyiS 
 
 that the sick person alone be; They said, they be to me nothing 
 
140 EASY LESSONS IN GER3IAX. 
 
 frfutlbtg* <2r fd)rie6 mtr, bag er franf gewefen fet. Sie 
 
 owing;. He wrote to me that he sick been be. They 
 
 fcerfuterten ring, bag fte fyter gevuefen fetett* 3d) tt>cEte, bag 
 
 assured to us that they here been be. I might wish that 
 
 er mem greimb tribe, 3d) rooHte, bag Sie aufmerffamer 
 
 he my friend were. I might wish that They more attentive 
 
 waren. @r n>dre gefunfcer, roemt er magiger gercefen 
 
 were. He would be healthier, if he more temperate been 
 
 nriure* Qv n>dre reiser, n>emt er fcorjtcfyttger gevoefen 
 
 were. He would be richer, if he more cautious been 
 
 nxire. ®te waxen gefSjicfter, n>e«n ®te aufmerffamer 
 
 were. They would be more skilful, if They more attentive 
 
 gen>efen ftoreit; SBBenti er tner ware, nmrbe'eg anberS fern* 
 
 been were. If lie here were would it otherwise be. 
 
 2Bemt %t)t ffetfnger ftdret, umrbet 3J)r gelobt tterben. 
 
 If you more industrious were would you praised be. 
 
 SBenn fte flag irdre, ir-urie fte fctybetgeit, Zhun Sie, ate 
 
 If she prudent were would she be silent. Do They as 
 
 c6 Ste gu jpaufe tt&retr* 
 
 though They at to house were. 
 
 He says that she was prudent. I wish that she 
 may be happy. He wishes me to be with him. 
 Whoever it be, I cannot speak to him now. Whatever 
 her request be, I will grant it to her. He is not willing 
 to give me the goods, unless I give him security. Show 
 it to her that she may be convinced. Give the child 
 something that it may be quiet. She answered that it 
 was not true. He believes her to be older. They told 
 me that the horse was young. He assured me that 
 she was innocent. It is not advisable that the sick 
 person should be alone. They said that they did not 
 owe me anything. He wrote to me that he had been 
 sick. They assured us that they had been here. I 
 wished that he were my friend. I wished that you 
 would be more attentive. He would be healthier, if he 
 had been more temperate. He would be wealthier, if 
 he had been more cautious. You would be more skil- 
 ful, if you had been more attentive. If he were here, it 
 would be otherwise. If you were more industrious, 
 you would be praised. If she were prudent, she would 
 be silent. Do as if you were at home. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 141 
 
 S e i »/ £o be, 
 
 IMPERATIVE 310 OD. 
 
 -Set funftfg fcorftdjttger* Setcn ©ie fo nuftg, ^tnbe^fetb 
 
 Be in Future more cautious. Be They so kind. Children, be 
 
 rnfyig ! Sr fo ll pimfttidj [em. Zav;t tbn gegen&xirttg fete* 
 
 quiet ! He shall punctual be. Let him present be. 
 
 £affen ©te una nacfyjtdtftg fein, CBtr *x>offen jufneben feuu 
 
 Let They us indulgent be. We wiil content be. 
 
 %a$t Sure ©^ibefter |tfgegen (cut. 25er Dfrcf fc[( setter fetiu 
 
 Lei your sister present be. The coat -hall wider be. 
 
 ectfc togenb^aft SetD gegen Sebermann beflteb. Xte $tn* 
 
 Be virtuous. Be towards everybody polite. The chil- 
 
 ber )o\lcn artfger fern* 
 
 dren shall kinder be. 
 
 Be more cautious in future. Be so kind. Children, 
 be quiet. Let him be punctual. Let him be present. 
 Let us be indulgent. Let us be content. Let your 
 sister be present. Let the coat be wider. Be virtuous. 
 Be polite toward everybody. Let the children be 
 kinder. 
 
 £ a 6 e u, to have. 
 
 PRESENT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 SBad haft £m ? Jen bate em Mifyttes SBncfy. S:an 3}u 
 
 What hast thou ■ I hare a pretty book. Hast thou 
 
 cutte^ papier ? 3* fa&e fetrie& Syvt Vn ment metnen 
 
 good paper] I hare none. Ha>t thou not my 
 
 ©reef ? 3d) babe tbn natt SQBetefyen Qui baft En ? ©age 
 
 stick. I have him not. Which hat hast thou 1 Tell 
 
 rotr, toetcfyen £ut Tit baft, etc feben, roeldmx £ut id) bate* 
 
 to me which hat thou hast. They see which hat I have. 
 
 S:at er met ©elb ? Sr bat itutt meL s H } ag fur em £au6 
 
 Has he much money 1 He has not much. What for a house 
 
 bat er ? jdj *petg ntcht, roaS fur em §auc> er bat. $}at er 
 
 has he 1 I know not what for a house he has. Has he 
 
 ntcbt metnen 3£egenfd)trm ? @r bat tbn ni^t :oat ffe 
 
 not my umbrella 7 ; He has him not Has she 
 
 Oiabeht ? ©te bat fetne. Syu fee metnen gmgerbut ? ©te 
 
 needles I She has none. Has she my thimble ? She 
 
 bat tbn ntcht £as Kabftffen) ifleldjeg ffe bat tji bixb\\i\ 
 
 has him not. The sewing cushion which she has is pretty. 
 
 Syxt ba$ ffcxb £eu? (£g bat feme?. SEBtetuel genfter bat 
 
 Hss the horse hay 1 It has none. How manv windows has 
 
142 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ba$ 3tmmer ? 3cf) g(aube / e£ bat beren breu 23a3 l)dbt 
 
 the room 1 I believe it has of them three. What have 
 
 3t)r? mv fyaben ©e(b. £ctbt 3!)runfere Sriefe? SBir 
 
 you 1 We have money • Have you our letters 1 We 
 
 fyaben fie ntd)t S^abt 3br uid)t meine 9Jte|fer unb ©abeln ? 
 
 have them not. Have you not my knives and forks 1 
 
 SS?tr fcerjuijew 3bneu, ba£ ttrir fie tttrfjt i)aben. £aben ttnr 
 
 We assure to Them, that we them not have. Have we 
 
 ntd)t bte unfrtgen ? 3br fcctbt md)t bte Ghtrtgem 3$ gtaube, 
 
 not the ours 1 You have not the yours. I believe 
 
 ba$ 3br bte meineg SBruberS babt* £aben Ste ein ^)ferb ? 
 
 that you those of my brother have. Have They a horse 1 
 
 3d) babe feineS* §dfeat gie tucfjt 3bre6 greunbeg $>ferb ? 
 
 I • have none. Have They not Their friend's horse 1 
 
 3d) babe e£ ntd)t 3d) bebaure, bag Ste e£ nidjt babem 3d) 
 
 I have it not. I regret that They it not have. I 
 
 fefye, ha$ Sie etnen bribfd)en 2Bctgen babem S^aben jene 
 
 see that They a pretty carriage have. Have those 
 
 Jtamen fetbene ${eiber ? Ste babeu feme fetbene, fonbern 
 
 ladies silk dresses 1 1 'hey have no silk: but 
 
 Hellene* 2Ba^ fur ftiite fyaben gte? $5nnen Sie nnr 
 
 woolen. What for bonnets have They *? Can They to me 
 
 fagen, roaS fur ftitte fie fyaben ? 3d) gtaufce, ba£ fie ©trot)* 
 
 tell, what for bonnets they have 1 I believe that they straw- 
 
 bitte baben. Qaben fte mcfyt bte ftiite unferer Scfywejlent ? 
 
 bonnets have. Have they not the bonnets of our sisters 1 
 
 3d) gkiube, ba£ fee btefelben nid)t babem SGBarum efien ®ie 
 
 I believe that they them not have. Why eat They 
 
 ntcbt ? Sffietf id) fetnen 2(ppettt fyabe* 3d) faun ntd)t 
 
 not 1 Because I no appetite have. I can not 
 
 fctvretbeit, mil id) erne bofe £anb babe. @r faun ntd)t geben, 
 
 write, because I a sore hand have. He can not walk, 
 
 mil er etnen bbfen gu£ bat 
 
 because he a sore foot has. 
 
 What hast thou ? I have a pretty book. Hast thou 
 good paper ? I have none. Hast thou not my cane ? 
 I have it not. Which hat hast thou ? Tell me which 
 hat thou hast. You see which hat I have. Has he 
 much money ? He has not much. What kind of a 
 house has he ? I do not know what kind of a house 
 he has. Has he not my umbrella ? He has it not. 
 Has she needles ? She has none. Has she my thimble ? 
 She has it not. The pin-cushion that she has is pretty. 
 Has the horse hay? It has not any. How many 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 143 
 
 windows has the room ? I believe it has three. What 
 have you ? We have money. Have you our letters ? 
 We have them not. Have you not my knives and 
 forks ? We assure you that we have them not. Have 
 we not our own ? You have not your own. I be- 
 lieve that you have those of my brother. Have you 
 a horse ? I have none. Have you your friend's horse ? 
 I have it not, I regret that you have it not. I see that 
 you have a pretty carriage. Have those ladies silk 
 dresses ? They have no silk dresses, but woolen ones. 
 What kind of bonnets have they? Can you tell me 
 what kind of bonnets they have ? I believe that they 
 have straw-bonnets. Have they not our sisters' bon- 
 nets ? I believe that they have them not. Why do you 
 not eat ? Because I have no appetite. I cannot write, 
 because I have a sore hand. He cannot walk, because 
 he has a sore foot. 
 
 & a i e tt / to have. 
 
 £ctttefl £u emeu Scgef ? 3d) batte fetnem SEad batteft 
 
 Hadst thou a bird 1 I had none. T\ hat hadst 
 
 £n ? S^atteft 2>u ntcbt meuten SBfetfttft ? Xu batteft thn 
 
 thou 1 Hadst thou not my lead-pencil 1 Thou hadst him 
 
 md)L SCBie tuefe Winter batte er ? 3* gfan&e, bag er bret 
 
 not. How many children had he 1 I believe that he three 
 
 S6f)ne unb uicr" Zbthtev batte. S^atte fie ntcfjt bret ©djroe* 
 
 sons and four daughters had. Had she not three sis- 
 
 jlern ? 3d) tt>et£, ba$ fte gn>et jimgere (Scfytfeftent batte. 
 
 ters 1 I know that she two younger sisters had. 
 
 Xa$ Sucf) hatte fetn XitelUatt mebr. ' @3 war m'cfjt fcerftutf* 
 
 The book had no title-page more. It was not sale- 
 
 tid), intern e3 fetn gttelblatt webr batte* 3Sir batten hinen 
 
 able, since it no title-page more had. We had no 
 
 SOBetn tnebr* SOBtr tranfen SSter, inbem n>ir fernen SBeut mebr 
 
 wine more. We drank beer, since we no wine more 
 
 batten* fatten ttrir nicfyt fchenere ©lumen aW er ? fatten 
 
 had. Had we not more beautiful flowers than he 1 Had 
 
 Ste geftern $cpftt)eb ? fatten g*e bente SKergen tuel 
 
 They yesterday headache % Had They to-day morning much 
 
144 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 3it tbnn ? 3d) aernurtfye, ba$ @te fcorgeftent Diet- ju tfytm 
 
 to do ] I presume that They before yesterday much to do 
 
 batten. Sfyr battet gejtent roemger ge.bter in @uren 2tnfgaben 
 
 had. You had yesterday fewer faults in to your lessons 
 
 ate bente. SBa3 battet 3br tmr jn fagen ? 3d) mocbtc 
 
 than to-day. What had you tome to tell! I should like 
 
 nnfien, voa$ 3br mix jn fagen batteu frattet 3br mcfjt 
 
 to know what you to me to tell had. Had you not 
 
 nieme £anfcfcf)itbe ? 9D?etne ®rf)tt>eftern batten feinen gefebitf* 
 
 my gloves 1" My sisters had no skil- 
 
 ien SNuftffebrer. 3* fofcaure, ba£ fie ntcfyt benfetben 
 
 ful music -teacher. I regret that they not the same 
 
 SDtuftflebrer batten, ben id) batte. S>atten fte em>a£ ? 
 
 music-teacher had which I had. Had they anything! 
 
 3d) fab, bap fie tudjtS batten. 
 
 I saw that they nothing had. 
 
 Hadst thou a bird ? I had none. What hadst thou ? 
 Hadst thou not my lead pencil? Thou hadst it not. 
 How many children had he ? I believe that he had 
 three sons and four daughters. Had she not three sis- 
 ters ? I know that she had two younger sisters. The 
 book had no longer a title-page. It was not saleable, 
 as it had no longer a title-page. "We had no more wine. 
 We drank beer, as we had no more wine. Had we 
 not more beautiful flowers than he? Had you the 
 headache yesterday ? Had you much to do this morn- 
 ing ? I presume that you had much to do the day be- 
 fore yesterday. ' You had fewer errors in your lessons 
 yesterday than to-day. What had yon to tell me ? 
 I should like to know what you had to tell me. Had 
 you not my gloves ? My sisters had not a skilful 
 teacher of music. I regret that they had not the same 
 teacher of music which I had. Had they anything? I 
 saw that they had nothing. 
 
 £ ah en, to have. 
 
 COMPOUND TENSES, INDICATIVE INFINITIVE. 
 
 SSefoen Ste mem gebennejjer gebabt ? $}ann baben ©ie 
 
 Have They my pen-knife had 1 When have They 
 
 e£ gebabt? ©agen Ste mtr/'ttxutn (5te e3 gefyabt baben* 
 
 it had \ Tell They to me when They it had ' have. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 145 
 
 3Be£cJ>e^ SSncfy fjat er gef)a6t ? 3^gen ©te mtr ba^ S3nrf), 
 
 Which book has he had 1 Show They to me the book 
 
 tt>efrf)eg er gehabt bat. UBtetnet guSfer bat bte ^ocfym gefyabt? 
 
 "which he had has. How much sugar has the (f.) cook had % 
 
 ©agen ©te mtr, mewl fte gehabt bat £at er je ba3 falte 
 
 Tell They tome how much she had has. Has he ever the cold 
 
 gteber gehabt ? ^ragen ©te tt)tt r cb er e$ je gehabt fyat* 
 
 fever had % Ask They him, if he it ever had has. 
 
 S)aU Sfyr etnen Strjt gehabt ? 2>Btr f)aben fetnen gehabt 
 
 Have you a physician had 1 We have none had. 
 
 £aben wit dled)t gehabt? 3br babt ntc£)t 9?ecf)t gehabt. ffitrtf 
 
 Have we right had 1 You have not right had. Wilt 
 
 £a bag ©eib baben ? 3d) boffe, baf? id) eg fyaben tterbe* 
 
 thou the money have 1 I hope that I it have shall. 
 
 SOBerbe id) morgen bag 33ergnitgen baben, ©te ju fefyen? 
 
 Shall I to-morrow the pleasure have Them to see 1 
 
 SfBerben ©te l)eutc ©efegenfyett fyaben, tf)r ben 23rtef ju 
 
 Will They to-day opportunity have to her the letter to 
 
 fcfyttfen ? ©cfytcfen ©te tt)r bag S3ncfj, fc6alb ©ie eine ©e* 
 
 send 1 Send They to her the book so soon They an op- 
 
 legenbett fyaben toerbem 2Btrb fte Sufi baben, bag $8ud) ju 
 
 portunity have will. Will she desire have the book to 
 
 fefen ? 2Benn fte feme Sufi baben tttrb, eg ju fefen, fo ttnrb 
 
 readl If she no desire have will it to read, so will 
 
 fte eg ntir jurutffcfyttfem SffioKen ©te fcte ©itte baben, mir 
 
 she it to me back send. Will They the goodness have to me 
 
 ben Sffieg jn jetgen? SBtetnel molten ©te batten baben? 
 
 the way to show 1 How much will They thereof have 1 
 
 ©agen ©te ntir, nnemef ©te bason baben rcotfen. 9?ad)bem 
 
 Tell They to me how much They thereof have will. After 
 
 er bm 2Bagen etnen SRoitat gehabt batte, fcerfanfte er tbn* 
 
 he the carriage one month had had, sold he him. 
 
 9?arf)bem er em 33terte(jabr Unterrkht gehabt batte, fmg er 
 
 After he one quarter of a year instruction had had, caught he 
 
 an ju ftrecfrem (gmg er an.) 
 
 on to speak. (He commenced.) 
 
 Have you had my penknife ? When had you it ? 
 Tell me when you had it. Which book has he had ? 
 Show me the book which he has had. How much 
 sugar has the cook had ? Tell me how much she has 
 had. Has he ever had the ague ? Ask him whether 
 he has ever had it. Have you had a physician ? We 
 have not had any. Were we right ? You were not 
 right. Wilt thou have the money? I hope that 1 
 shall have it. Shall I have it ? Shall I have the 
 7 
 
146 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 pleasure of seeing you to-morrow ? Will you have 
 an opportunity to send her the letter to-day? Send 
 her the book as soon as you will have an opportunity. 
 Will she have a desire to read the book ? If she will 
 have no desire to read it, she will send it back to 
 me. Will you have the kindness to show me the 
 way ? How much will you have of it ? Tell me 
 how much you will have of it. After he had had the 
 carriage one month he sold it. After he had had one 
 quarter's instruction he commenced to speak. 
 
 § a b e n, to have. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD AND IMPERATIVE. 
 
 3cfy ware nid)t gliidttcf), *t>emt id) feme gremtbe fyatte* ©te 
 
 I should be not happy, if I no friends had. They 
 
 witrbett ntefyr ©elb fjabett, mnn ©te fparfamer getoefett 
 
 would more money have, if They more saving been 
 
 tt>chm SOBettn id) ©elb f)atte, ttmrbe id) mix SStele^ faufem 
 
 were. If I money had, should I to me many things buy. 
 
 2£emt er diedjt fyatte, nmrbe er mcfyt fcfywetgen* $d) nmrbe 
 
 If he right had, would he not be silent. I should 
 
 Sfyneit bag tyadet fcfyttfen, n>enn id) erne ©eiegenfyeit \)atte+ 
 
 to Them the packet send, if I an opportunity had. 
 
 Static id) em S3acf) bei mix gefyctbt, fo nmrbe id) gelefen ijaben. 
 
 Had I a book at tome had, so should I read have. 
 
 Qatte er Srebtt gefyabt, fo nmrbe er ntefyr gefauft tyabm* 
 
 Had he credit had, so would he f more bought have. 
 
 $&mn tttr £eit gefyabt fyattm, fo n>dren tvix tn$ Sweater 
 
 If we time had had, so were we into the theatre 
 
 gegattgetn £abe Wlitkib mit ifym ! dx foil eg fyaben* ©te 
 
 gone. Have pity with to him! He shall it have. She 
 
 fott ©ebulb fyctben. fyaben Bit ©ebulb mit ifym ! fyaben 
 
 shall patience have. Have Thev patience with to him ! Have 
 
 ©te bie ©iite ! Sffitr toolfen 65ebulb fyaben* @r fagt, 25u 
 
 They the kindness! We will patience have. He says thou 
 
 fyabejt Unrecfyt ©te fagte, er tjabe 9?ed)t Wlan fagt, ffe 
 
 mayst have wrong. She said he have right. One says they 
 
 fyaben femen Srebtt ©te fcerjTcfyerte mtr, fie fyabe feme 
 
 have no credit. She assured to me she have no 
 
 ©cfyulb, (£r fcfyrieb mtr, er ijabe fern ©elb mefyr* 3d) toolfte, 
 
 fault. He wrote to me he have no money more. I wished 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 147 
 
 ba$ td) erne ©etegenfyett tj&tte, ifm ju fefjem 3d) fyabe gefyort, 
 
 that I an opportunity had him to see. I have heard 
 
 i>a$ cr bte ©icfyt ^dtte* ©te geftanb nttr, ba£ fte fetn 3^ 
 
 that he the gout had. She confessed to me that she no con- 
 
 tvauen ju ibm fydtte. 
 
 fidence to to him had. 
 
 I should not be happy, if I had no friends. They 
 would have more money, if they had been more sav- 
 ing. If I had money, I should buy many things. If 
 he were right, he would not be silent. I should send 
 you the parcel, if I had an opportunity. Had I had a 
 book with me, I should have read. Had he had credit, 
 he would have bought more. Had we had time, we 
 should have gone to the theatre. Have pity on him. 
 Let him have it. She may have patience. Have pa- 
 tience with him. Have the goodness. Let us have pa- 
 tience. He says that thou wast wrong. She said that 
 he was right. They are said to have no credit. She 
 assured me that it was not her fault. He wrote to me 
 that he had no more money. I wished that I had an 
 opportunity to see him. I understood that he had the 
 gout. She confessed to me that she had no confidence 
 in him. 
 
 ACTIVE VERBS. 
 
 INFINITIVE OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 Steben, to love. ?ofcett, to praise. 
 
 jCanfett, to thank. (Bac^eri, to say. 
 
 ©ebett, to give. ©etyen, to see. 
 
 9Jladt)en, to make. gmifdtt, to doubt, 
 
 gctbefn, to blame. ©cfymeidjefa, to flatter. 
 
 Slcnbcm, to alter. ^intern, to hinder, 
 giittem, to feed. 
 
 Obs. — All German verbs, the irregular as well as the 
 regular, form the infinitive in it ; most of them in ejt, 
 some in ettt, and some in em* 
 
148 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 3d) fatttt lefen, fdjreiben unb recfynem 5Bot(en ©ie mix 
 
 I can read, write and reckon. Will They to me 
 
 gefalltgjt mem SSnd) geben? $6nnen ©ie erne geber 
 
 most pleasingly my book give 1 Can They a pen 
 
 fcfyneiben ? dv barf fyeute fein gteifd) efien* 3d) mug gefyen* 
 
 cut ? He dare to-day no meat eat. I must go. 
 
 23a3 famt id) Sfynen anbieten? SBenn er fyeute nid)t fommen 
 
 What can I to Them offer 1 If he to-day not come 
 
 fann, fo foil er morgen fommem 3d) mnfjte ifjm ben SSrief 
 
 can, so shall he to-morrow come. I was obliged to him the letter 
 
 fcorlefen, ia er ifyn nid)t felbft lefen fonnte. 2Benn ©ie bte 
 
 to read before, as he him not himself read could. If They the 
 
 ©cfynfye nidtf faufett Pollen, fo miiffen ©ie biefelben fogfetcf) 
 
 shoes not to purchase wish, so must They the same immediately 
 
 bem ©cfynfymacfyer juriitffcfyitfen* 3d) fyoflFe ©ie n>ot>t ju 
 
 to the shoemaker back send. I hope Them well to 
 
 ftnbem (£3 freut mid), ©ie ju fefyen* 3d) will in ben 2aben 
 
 find. It joys me Them to see. I will into the store 
 
 geljen, urn tin tyaax £anbfd)itfye ju faufetn 2Bir n>ollen in 
 
 go, in order a pair gloves to buy. We will into 
 
 He ©djule gefyen, urn beutfd) ju fernen* $8a3 tyahm ©ie jn 
 
 the school go, in order German to learn. What have They to 
 
 tijnn ? ©agen ©ie mir, roa3 ©ie ju tbun fyaben* 3d) fyabe 
 
 do! Tell They to me what They to do have. I have 
 
 einen SSrief an meinen Setter ju fcfyreiben, urn ifym jn melben, 
 
 a letter on my cousin to write, in order to him to mention 
 
 bag id) t)entc 2l6enb nid)t ju ifym fommen fann* 
 
 that I to-day evening not to to him come can. 
 
 I can read, write, and cipher. Will you please to 
 give me my book ? Can you make a pen ? He is not 
 allowed to eat meat to-day. I must go. What may I 
 offer you ? If he cannot come to-day, let him come to- 
 morrow. I was obliged to read the letter to him, as he 
 could not read it himself. If you do not wish to buy 
 the shoes, you must send them back to the shoemaker 
 immediately. I hope to find you well. I am glad to 
 see you. I will go to the store to purchase a pair of 
 gloves. Let us go to school to learn German. What 
 have you to do ? Tell me what you have to do. I 
 have to write a letter to my cousin to let him know 
 that I cannot come to see him this evening. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 149 
 
 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. FIRST AND THIRD 
 PERSONS PLURAL, PRESENT TENSE, INDICATIVE. 
 
 2Ctr Iteben, we love. Sffitr loben, we praise, 
 
 ©te (f) lieben, they love. ©ie (f) loben, they praise. 
 ©ie (©) lieben, you love. ©te (©) loben, you praise. 
 
 SGBtr banfen, we thank. SBir geben, we give, 
 
 ©te (f) banfen, they thank, ©te (f) geben, they give, 
 ©te (©) banfen, you thank, ©te (©) geben, you give. 
 
 2Btr feben, we see. 2Btr tabefn, we blame, 
 
 ©te (f) feben, they see. ©te (f) tabeln, they blame, 
 
 ©te (©) fefyen, you see. ©te (©) tabeln, you blame. 
 
 Obs. — The first and third persons plural of the pre- 
 sent tense indicative, in regular and irregular verbs, are 
 formed by merely placing the respective pronouns be- 
 fore the infinitive. The third person plural, fte lieben, 
 is employed as the second person plural in ©te lieben, 
 you love, having only the capital © in ©te for a distin- 
 guishing mark. 
 
 Sffitr Iteben nnfre @ltenu Sffitr loben btejenigen $mber, 
 
 We love our parents. We praise those children 
 
 rcelcfye tfyre (gltern nnb @efcf)tt>ifter lieben* ?teben ©te mid)? 
 
 which their parents and brothers and sisters love. Love They mel 
 
 3cf) tx>ei$, ba$ ©ie mtrf) lieben. SB3ir lieben nnfre grennbe, 
 
 I know that They me love. We love our friends, 
 
 tt>ett fte nn£ lieben. ®ehen ©ie ben ^inbern <gttoa$ ? SBenn 
 
 because they us love. Give They to the children something 1 If 
 
 ©ie ben $inbem &)®a$ geben, fo n>erben fte 5b^ en bafuv 
 
 They to the children something give so will they to Them therefor 
 
 banfen. ginben ©ie, tva$ ©ie fncfyen ? uBir ftnben nicfyt, 
 
 thank. Find They what They seekl We find not 
 
 tva$ n>tr fnrfjen. 
 
 what we seek. 
 
 We love our parents. We praise those children who 
 love their parents and brothers and sisters. Do you 
 love me? I know that you love me. We love our 
 friends, because they love us. Do you give the children 
 anything ? If you give the children something, they 
 will thank you for it. Do you find what you are 
 looking for ? We do not find what we are looking for. 
 
150 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 FIRST PERSON SINGULAR, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF 
 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 3d) Kefee, I love. 3d) lobe, I praise. 
 
 3d) banfe, I thank. 3d) gebe, I give. 
 
 3d) fage, I say. 3d) $tt>etfle, I doubt. 
 
 3d) table, I blame. 3d) dnbre, I alter. 
 3d) fyinbre, I hinder. 
 
 Obs. — The first person singular of the present tense, 
 indicative mood, in regular and irregular verbs, (ex- 
 cepting a few of the latter,) ends in e, and is formed by 
 dropping the n of the final en, or by substituting e for 
 the n of the final tn or rn, the e preceding (n or m being 
 generally dropped. 
 
 3d) tefe em S3ud). 3tf) fcftreibe eitten SSrief. 3d) fiird)te 
 
 I read a book. I write a letter. I fear 
 
 bie ©efafyr* 3d) 6rand)e einen nenen £nt 3rf) faufe ntir 
 
 the danger. I want a new hat. . I purchase to me 
 
 einen neuen Dtotf, votii id) etnen brcwdje* 3d) lefe tieber, 
 
 a new coat, because I one want. I read more gladly 
 
 ati ba$ id) fpajteren gebe. 3Ba^ id) 3^en [age, tft tvakfv. 
 
 than that I to walk go. What I to Them tell is true. 
 
 3d) fcerficfyere 3t)flen, ba$ id) ben 9#ann nid)t fenne. 3d) 
 
 I assure to Them that I the man not know. I 
 
 $tt>eifle nid)t barcm. 
 
 doubt not thereon. 
 
 Obs. — 3d) lefe means both, I read and /am reading. 
 This remark applies also to the other persons and tenses, 
 — 3d) fiebe nid)t, 1 do not love. ftinbre id) ? Do / hinder ? 
 In German, no auxiliary is used in the negative or inter- 
 rogative form of the verb. 
 
 I read (am reading) a book. I write (am writing) a 
 letter- I fear the danger. I am in need of a new hat. 
 I am purchasing a new coat for myself, because I am in 
 need of one. I like to read better than to walk. What 
 I tell (am telling) you is true. I assure you that I do 
 not know the man. I do not doubt it. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 151 
 
 THIRD PERSON SINGULAR, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF REGU- 
 LAR AND SOME OF THE IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 @r, ffe, e3 Itebt, he, she, it loves. 
 (£v, ffe, e£ banft, he, she, it thanks. 
 @r, jte, e£ fcfymetcfyett, he, she, it flatters. 
 @r, ffe, e£ tabelt, he, she, it blames, 
 ©r, fie, e£ anbert, he, she, it alters. 
 (£v, ffe r e£ lobt, he, she, it praises. 
 (£v f fte, eg fagt, he, she, it says. 
 
 Gfo. — The third person singular of the present indi- 
 cative ends in t, which either takes the place of the final 
 en or of the n in the terminations in and rtt of the in- 
 finitive. 
 
 @r lieU ffe* dv fpteft germ 23raud)t Sfyr SSruber ^apter ? 
 
 He loves her. He plays gladly. Wants Their brother paper % 
 
 ©ingt fie gut ? ©ie ftngt fefyr gut. ©df)retbt ffe oft an ©te ? 
 
 Sings she well 1 She sings very well. Writes she often on Them 1 
 
 ©ie gfaubt mtr ntcfyt £a3 d)e(b gefyort bem tyjiannu SBem 
 
 She believes to me not. The money belongs to the man. To whom 
 
 gefyort e3 ? £a£ £of$ brennt @3 fcrennt nicfyt SOBtetnel 
 
 belongs it 1 The wood burns. It burns not. How much 
 
 ©e(b 6raucf)t er ? & n>et$ fetbft mdf)t, n>tet>ie( er fcraucfyt 
 
 money wants he % He knows himself not how much he wants. 
 
 Sffite fyetfjt bte Dame, bte ueben %btex ©cfyttefter ff^t ? ©er 
 
 How is called the lady who near to Their sister sits 1 The 
 
 £en> mlfyex bcrt gefyt, befucfyt oft memen 25ruber* 
 
 gentleman who there walks visits often my brother. 
 
 He loves her. He likes to play. Does your brother 
 want any paper ? Does she sing well ? She sings very 
 well. Does she write to you often ? She does not be- 
 lieve me. The money belongs to the man. To whom 
 does it belong? The wood is burning. It does not 
 burn. Of how much money is he in need? He does 
 not know himself of how much he is in need. What 
 is the name of the lady who is sitting by your sister ? 
 The gentleman who is walking there often calls upon 
 my brother. 
 
15.2 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 SECOND PERSON PLURAL OF THE PRESENT TENSE, INDI- 
 CATIVE, IN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 3fyr Itefct, you love. 3fyr fcerjTcfyert, you assure. 
 
 Sfyr bcmft, you thank. 3fyr lobt, you praise. 
 
 3t)t gefyet, you go. Sfyr fragt, you ask. 
 
 Sfyr tabelt, you blame. 3fyr jweifelt, you doubt. 
 
 Obs. — The second person plural of the present tense, 
 indicative mood, terminates, like the third person singu- 
 lar, in t or et* The second person plural is generally 
 used in speaking to a number of persons in the rela- 
 tions of familiarity or intimacy. 
 
 ©lanfct S^r mix ? Sffienn Sfyr Sure Slufgaben tticfyt gut 
 
 Believe you to me % If you your lessous not well 
 
 jfrtbtrt, fo fcerbtent Sfyt getabett ju n>erben* ©efyorcfyet Sfyr 
 
 study, so deserve you blamed to be. Obey you 
 
 (£uren @ftem ? 3fyr gefyorcfyt ifynen nicfyt* 2Ba3 lerttt Sfyr 
 
 to your parents 1 You obey to them not. What learn you 
 
 in ber Scfyule ? ©agt mix, tva$ S^r fat ber ©cfyufe fentt 
 
 in to the school 1 Tell tome what you in to the school learn. 
 
 S3erftef)t 3fyr, waS uf> @ud) fagc? SSBenn Sfyr e$ nidjt 
 
 Understand you what I to you tell 1 If you it not 
 
 fcerftefyt, fo ttutt tcfy e£ dud) erMdren. 
 
 understand, so will I it to you explain. 
 
 Do you believe me ? If you do not study your les- 
 sons well, you deserve to be blamed. Do you obey 
 your parents? You obey them not. What do you 
 learn in school ? Tell me what you learn in school. 
 Do you understand what I tell you ? If you do not 
 understand it, I will explain it to you. 
 
 SECOND PERSON SINGULAR OF THE 
 INDICATIVE, 
 LAR VERBS. 
 
 2>u tiehft, thou lovest. Su lobft, thou praisest. 
 
 Qu fagfi, thou sayest. £>u bcmfft, thou thankest. 
 
 Su gebfly thou goest. Xu tabelpt, thou blamest. 
 £)U dttberft, thou alterest. 
 
EAS5T LESSONS IN GERMAN. 153 
 
 Obs. — The second person singular of the present 
 tense indicative ends in ft as in English, and is formed 
 by substituting fi for the final en or n in the final In 
 and m of the infinitive. For the sake of euphony, e# 
 is sometimes used instead of ft* 
 
 Stebjt ®u £etnen Setter ? Sage nttr, ob Su ihn ItefcjL 
 
 Lovest thou thy father '] Tell to me if thou him lovest. 
 
 2Benn £u Seine - 2Uxfga6en tern ft, fo fcefommji £n em 
 
 If thou thy lessons learnest, so obtainest thou a 
 
 ©efcfyenf son mu\ Sanfefl £n Setnem SfBcMtbdter ? 
 
 present from tome. Thankest thou to thy benefactor! 
 
 Strbettejl £n gem ? Sn fptelft jn fcueL £n (ernjl: Seine 
 
 Workest thou willingly 1 Thou playest too much. Thou learnest thy 
 
 SInfgaben ntcfyt, n>ett £n $n t>tet fptelft* Sffiamm mineft 
 
 lessons not, because thou too much playest. Why weepest 
 
 Su ? Sage nttr, ttarnm 2Mt metneft 
 
 thou 1 Tell to me why thou weepest. 
 
 Dost thou love thy father ? Tell me whether thou 
 lovest him. If thou learnest thy lessons, thou wilt 
 receive a present from me. Dost thou thank thy 
 benefactor ? Dost thou like to work ? Thou playest 
 too much. Thou dost not learn thy lessons, because 
 thou playest too much. Why dost thou weep ? Tell 
 me why thou weepest. 
 
 FIRST AND THIRD PERSONS SINGULAR OF THE IM- 
 PERFECT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD, IN REGULAR 
 VERBS. 
 
 3df) Ke6te, I loved. Qrr, ffe, e£ Itebte, he, she, it loved. 
 3d) fagte, I said. @r, ffe, e3 fagte, he, she, it said. 
 3d) tabelte, I blamed, @r, ffe r e3 tabefte, he, she, it blamed. 
 3d) fcerjTcfyerte, I assured. @r, fie, e£ fcerjlrfjerte, he, she, it 
 assured. 
 
 Obs. — The first and third persons singular of the 
 imperfect tense indicative mood, in regular verbs, end 
 in te, which takes the place of the final en of the in- 
 finitive, or of the final n, if the infinitive ends in In or 
 
 rtt* 
 
 7 # 
 
154 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 3d) (tebte fte, ©te tiebte mirf) ntcfyt ?tebte fie tfyn md)t ? 
 
 I loved her. She loved me not. Loved she him not 1 
 
 SBarum banfte er ifyr md)t? 2Qa3 fagte er? SEBtjfen ©te, 
 
 Why thanked he to her not 1 What said he 1 Know They 
 
 wa£ er fagte ? 3rceifefte er baratt ? 3d) faufte mir btefe£ 
 
 what he said! Doubted he thereon! I bought to me this 
 
 Surf), mil id) e3 brcmcfyte. SfBert fragte er ? £er 2f)?atm, 
 
 book, because I it wanted. Whom asked he 1 The man 
 
 roetcfjen er fragte, antwortete ibm nicfyt 3d) ermafynte fe, 
 
 whom he asked answered to him not. I exhorted them 
 
 rufytg ju fern. (§x bejafyfte bie 2Baaren nicfyt, welcfye er 
 
 quiet to be. He paid the goods not which he 
 
 faufte. £er 3Sater bejlrafte ben £naben, tt>etl biefer 
 
 bought. The father punished the boy, because this 
 
 feme SJufgaben nicfyt ternte. @g regnete fyeute SDJorgen fefyr 
 
 his lessons not learned. It rained to-day morning very 
 
 ffarf* 3rf) ftefucfyte ©te fyeute $?orgen nicfyt, n>exl e$ fefyr 
 
 strongly. I visited Them to-day morning not, because it very 
 
 ftarf regnete. 
 
 strongly rained. 
 
 I loved her. She did not love me. Did she not 
 love him ? Why did he not thank her ? What did he 
 say ? Do you know what he said ? Did he doubt 
 it ? I bought this work for myself, because I was in 
 need of it. Whom did he ask ? The man whom he 
 asked did not answer him. I admonished them to be 
 quiet. He did not pay for the goods which he bought. 
 The father punished his boy, because he did not learn 
 his lessons. It rained very fast this morning. I did 
 not call upon you this morning, because it rained very 
 fast. 
 
 FIRST AND THIRD PERSONS PLURAL, AND SECOND 
 PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL, OF THE IMPERFECT 
 TENSE, INDICATIVE, IN REGULAR VERBS. 
 
 3Btr liefctett, we loved. 2Btr fagtett, we said, 
 
 ©te (f) Ixebten, they loved. ©te (f) fagten, they said, 
 
 ©te (©) Itefcten, you loved, ©te (.©) fagten, you said. 
 
 £>u ftebteft, thou lovedst. 2)u fagtefi, thou saidst. 
 
 3fyr liebtet, you loved. 3fyr fagtet, you said. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 155 
 
 Obs. — The second person singular and all the per- 
 sons of the plural of the imperfect tense are formed 
 from the first or third person singular, by adding re- 
 spectively the same terminations as in the present tense. 
 
 Sffitr Ke&ten emanber gartticfy. <2te (f) folgten ntemem 
 
 We loved each other tenderly. They followed to my 
 
 sftatbt nid)t £u fcerfcmgteft jix fcnet Sffiie fctrbtet Styr bag 
 
 advice not. Thou askedst too much. How dyed you the 
 
 MUib ? SBerfucfjten ©te beutfd) ju fpredjen ? 
 
 dress 1 Tried They German to speak 1 
 
 We loved each other tenderly. They did not follow 
 my advice. Thou askedst too much. What colour 
 did you dye the dress ? Did you try to speak German? 
 
 PERFECT TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF REGULAR VERBS. 
 
 3d) fiafee ; • . geltefet, I have loved . . . 
 
 3d) fyabe ♦ . I gelofct, I have praised . . . 
 
 3d) ba&e * . ♦ gebanff, I have thanked . . . 
 
 3d) babe ♦ ♦ ♦ gejtDCtfeft, I have doubted . . . 
 
 3d) fyabe ♦ ♦ ♦ geanbert, I have altered . . . 
 
 Obs. — The perfect tense is composed of the auxiliary 
 id) fyabe, bu bafl, er bat, &c, and the past participle. The 
 past participle, in regular verbs, is formed by prefixing 
 ge, and by the termination t, which takes the place of 
 the final en or of the n in the final In and m of the 
 infinitive. 
 
 SSBer t>at e3 3finen gefagt ? QBo Ijafeen @te e£ gef)6rt ? 
 
 Who has it to Them told 1 Where have They it heard 1 
 
 3d) tjaU eg t)on fcerfdjtebenen ?euten gefyort Setter SERctmt 
 
 I have it from to different people heard. That man 
 
 tjat eg mtr gefagt Sffio baben ©te biefen §ut gefauft? 
 
 has it to me told. Where hare They this hat purchased 1 
 
 ©agen ©fe mtr, n>o ©te tfm gefanft fyafcen* ©cf)larf)tet 
 
 Tell They to me where They him bought have. Kills 
 
 ber gletfdjer hen Ddfjfen, ben er ftente SKorgen auf bent 
 
 the butcher the ox "which he to-day morning on to the 
 
 SDtarfte gefauft fiat? 3d) fiafc belt SBrfef auf bag $uft 
 
 market bought has ? I have the Utter on the desk 
 
156 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 getegt 5Der 25rtef liegt auf bem ^ufte, auf rcelcfyeg icf) tfyn 
 
 laid. The letter lies on to the desk upon which I him 
 
 gelegt fjCiU. 5S3of)ttett ©te nod), tt>o ©ie geroofyut fyaben ? 
 
 laid hare. Reside They yet where They resided have 1 
 
 S)ait Sfyr tottge auf mtd) gercartet ? (Sagt mir, n>te fauge 
 
 Have yon long upon me waited 1 Tell to me how long 
 
 3fyr auf mtcfy gen>artet fyabh 
 
 you upon me waited have. 
 
 Obs. — There is a difference between the English and 
 German languages in regard to the arrangement of the 
 words in sentences similar to any of the preceding. For 
 instance : — S5?er hat e£ 3fytten gefagt ? Who has told it to 
 you ? In the German sentence the past participle 
 gefagt is placed last ; in the English sentence the past 
 participle told follows the auxiliary has, and is itself 
 followed by the rest of the sentence. Again, in German, 
 a different position of the verb takes place in sen- 
 tences like this, — £}er25rtef ftegt auf bem fyulte, auf tt>e(d)e£ 
 id) tt)U gelegt bahe, the letter is lying on the desk upon 
 which I have laid it. Here, in German, the auxiliary 
 fyabe closes the sentence, and the past participle gelegt 
 precedes the auxiliary, which inversion is caused by 
 the relative pronoun wefcfyen* We infer from these 
 cases the following general rule in regard to the posi- 
 tion of a verb in the perfect tense : The past participle 
 generally closes the sentence; but conjunctions and 
 adverbs, such as, al$, fine, ba£, ofcgfetrf), toeit, tt>eun, too, 
 tt>aun, fyc, and relative pronouns, such as, toekfyer, tt>er, 
 tt>a$ r 8fC, require the auxiliary at the end of the sentence 
 and indeed immediately after the past participle. 
 
 Who has told you so ? Where have you heard it ? 
 I have heard it from different persons. That man has 
 told it to me. Where did you buy this hat ? Tell me 
 where you bought it. Does the butcher kill the ox 
 which he bought at the market this morning ? I have 
 laid the letter on the desk. The letter is lying on the 
 desk upon which I laid it. Do you still reside where 
 you did ? Have you been waiting for me long ? Tell 
 me how long you have been waiting for me. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 157 
 
 FIRST FUTURE TENSE, INDICATIVE MOOD, OF REGULAR 
 AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 3d) tt>erbe ♦ • . fofcen, I shall praise . , . 
 3d) werbe \ ♦ , banfen, I shall thank . . . 
 3d) u>erbe ♦ ♦ . fagett> I shall say . . . 
 3d) tt>erbe ♦ ♦ ♦ cmbertt, I shall alter . . . 
 
 Obs. — The first future tense indicative mood of regu- 
 lar and irregular verbs is composed of the auxiliary 
 trf) toerbe and the infinitive. 
 
 Conjugation of id) tt> e r b e. 
 3d) roerbe, I shall 2Btr Herbert, we shall. 
 
 £a nnrfi, thou wilt, 3br rcerbet, you will. 
 
 @r, jTe, eg tturb, he, she, it (gte ((2) n>erbett, you will, 
 will. (gie (f ) toerben, they will. 
 
 3d) tt>erbe eg tfymt* 3cf) rcerbe eg ihm fagem SOBerben ®ie 
 
 I shall it do. I shall it to him tell. Will They 
 
 eg ihm geben ? SBtrb er eg bebaiten ? dv mirb auf mtg 
 
 it to him give 1 Will he it keep ? He will upon us 
 
 roartem SBirb fte eg feften ? ©af)rfd)ein(id) nnrb fie eg 
 
 wait. Will she it see ? Probably will she it 
 
 fefyen. Sag ill cm ^efyter, rcefdjett nid)t 3ebermann entberfen 
 
 see. That is a fault which not everybody discover 
 
 nnrb* Sie tterben mid) baburd) unenb(id) tterpfliid)tem 3^) 
 
 will. They will me therethrough infinitely oblige. I 
 
 fyoffe, ba£ Ste fommett toerbem 3d) fd)idte ibm em 33ud), 
 
 hope that They come will. I sent to him a book 
 
 bag er tt>abrfd)emlid) erfcalten bakm toixh 
 
 that he probably received have will. 
 
 Obs. — The position of the verb in the future tense de- 
 pends upon the principle that has been explained in regard 
 to the perfect ; the future being, like the perfect, a com- 
 pound tense. The rule is thus to be modified in regard 
 to the future : The infinitive generally closes the sentence, 
 but conjunctions and adverbs, such as alg, tt>ie r ba, ittbem, 
 tteif, tt)emt, toamt, too, fyc, and relative pronouns, such as 
 n)e(d)er, toev, mag, fyc, require the auxiliary id) tt>erbe fyc. 
 at the end of the sentence and, indeed, immediately after 
 the infinitive, 
 
158 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 I shall do it. I shall tell him so. Will you give it 
 to him ? Will he keep it ? He will wait for us. Will 
 she see it ? Probably she will see it. This is an error 
 which not every body will discover. You will infin- 
 itely oblige me by it. I hope that you will come. I 
 sent him a book which he probably will have received. 
 
 IMPERATIVE OF REGULAR AND SOME OF THE IRREGU- 
 LAR VERBS. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 Second person, ?tebe, love thou. 
 
 Third person. @efye er, jTe, eg, or er, jTe, eg foil gefyen, 
 
 or er, ffe, eg mag gefyen, let him, her, 
 
 it go. 
 
 Plural. 
 
 First person. goben ttrir, or voix toollen loben, or la#t (laf 
 fen ©te) mtg foben, let us praise. 
 
 Second person, gobet, praise* ®ebm ©te, give. 
 
 Third person. glrbetten ©te, work, ©te (f) follen arbet* 
 ten, let them work. 
 
 Stebe Qeine ©term 2tebe Semen Sftdcfyjtem ©age 
 
 Love (thou) thy parents. Love (thou) thy neighbour. Tell (thou) 
 
 eg mix. gotge mtr> Stebet alle Sttenfdjen* &rnet et* 
 
 it to me. Follow(thou) to me. Love (ye) all men. Learn some- 
 
 tt>ag Sfttfcftcfyeg, S3letbet fyier* ©precfyen ©te lant 2lnt* 
 
 thing useful. Remain here. Speak They aloud. An- 
 
 toorten ©te mix. ©agen ©te mix gefatltgft* $ragen ©te 
 
 swer They tome. Tell They to me most pleasingly. Ask They 
 
 ifym SSefucfyen ©te mid). ®ehen ©te mix mem 35nrf), 
 
 him. Visit They me. Give They to me my book. 
 
 spn&en ©te ba$ fcfefjfc 23ollent>et @ure Slufgabem 2Btr 
 
 Snuff They the candle. Finish your lessons. We 
 
 u>ollen lefen* %a$t mtg anfangem Zaffen ©te mtg auffyorem 
 
 will read. Let us commence. Let They us stop. 
 
 Qx foil fommen. ©te foU jmgen* ©te mag eg fyun. dx 
 
 He shall come. She shall sing. She may it do. He 
 
 mag tt>arten* 
 
 may wait. 
 
EASJT LESSONS IN GERMAN. 159 
 
 Obs. — The imperative most frequently occurs in 
 phrases like these, ©agert ©ie (©) tnir gefatfigft, tell me 
 if you please ; gragen ©ie (©) ifyn, ask Mm. A promi- 
 nent difference between the two languages in these 
 phrases consists in this, that in German the pronoun 
 ©{e is used in the imperative. 
 
 Love thy parents. Love thy neighour. Tell it to 
 me. Follow me. Love (ye) all men. Learn (ye) 
 something useful. Remain (ye) here. Speak aloud. 
 Answer me. Tell me, if you please. Ask him. Give 
 me a book. Snuff the candle. Finish (ye) your 
 lessons. Let us see. Let us commence. Let us stop. 
 Let him come. Let her sing. Let her do it. 
 
 IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 © e b e n, to give. $8a$ gibft Sit mix ? 3d) gebe £tr 
 
 What givest thou to me 1 I give to thee 
 
 eftioag 5bitbfd)eg. 2Sag gibt ber 23ebiente feinem £erm ? 
 
 something pretty. What gives the servant to his master 1 
 
 dv gibt tfyrn einen ©cfyftiflfeL ®ibt eg bitbfcfye SShmten auf 
 
 He gives to him a key. Gives it pretty flowers on 
 
 bent SDiarfte ? (£$ gibt feme ba. 2Benn eg feme ba gibt, 
 
 to the market 1 It gives none there. If it none there gives, 
 
 fo tnuflfen nrir irgenbroo anberg tt>efd)e faufen* ©ab er bent 
 
 so must we anywhere else some buy. Gave he to the 
 
 $inbe, wag eg fcerkmgte ? (Sx gab it)tn nidjtg, aber id) gab 
 
 child what it demanded 1 He gave to it nothing, but I gave 
 
 ifyrn $ad)em £ag $inb a£ bie $nd)en, tt>efd)e id) ifym gab. 
 
 to it cakes. The child ate the cakes which I to it gave. 
 
 $>abm ©ie Sfyrem Sruber bag ©elb gegeben ? 3d) fyabe eg 
 
 Have They to Their brother the money given 1 I have it 
 
 if)m nid)t gegeben. ®a ©ie eg ifym nid)t gegeben fyaben, 
 
 to him not given. As They it to him not given have, 
 
 fo geben ©te ifyrn biefen 33rief. 2Serben ©ie mix ©mag 
 
 so give They to him this letter. Will They to me anything 
 
 geben ? ©ie fonnen ftdE> barauf Derlaffen, ba$ id) Sbnen 
 
 give 1 They can themselves thereupon depend, that I to Them 
 
 @tn>ag geben roerbe. Stbofyf), gib Deiner Gutter bie ©djere* 
 
 something give shall. Adolphus, give to thy mother the scissors. 
 
 Qdehen ©ie mir gefdtfigfi einen 25ogen papier* 
 
 Give They to me most pleasingly a sheet paper. 
 
160 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Obs. — © e 6 en is one of the few irregular verbs that 
 are irregular in the second and third persons singular 
 of the present tense indicative. The idiom „(i$ gibt/' 
 there is, remains in the singular, though a noun in the 
 plural may follow. 
 
 What dost thou give me ? I give thee something 
 pretty. What does the servant give his master ? He 
 gives him a key. Are there pretty flowers at the mar- 
 ket ? There are not any there. If there are not any 
 there, we must buy some somewhere else. Did he give 
 to the child what he demanded ? He did not give him 
 anything, but I gave him some cakes. The child ate 
 the cakes that I gave him. Did you give your brother 
 the money ? I did not give it to him. As you did 
 not give it to him, give him this letter. Will you give 
 me anything ? You may rely upon this that I shall 
 give you something. Adolphus, give your mother the 
 scissors. Give me a sheet of paper, if you please. 
 
 © e f) e n, to see. SOBag jTefyft 2>u ? 3d) fefye extten 
 
 What seest thou 1 I see a 
 
 Stagel. 3fl ber Soger, rcercfjen £u ffeljfl, fcf)6n? 2Ba$ 
 
 bird. Is the bird which thou seest pretty 1 What 
 
 fleeter? Sr '.fidjt ein @cfy§F. 2Ba$ fatjft £u ? Scfj fat) 
 
 sees he! He sees a ship. What sawest thou 1 I saw 
 
 einen grogen $ifd)* 953ag bad)teft 2>n, alg £n einen grogen 
 
 a large fish. What thoughtest thou as thou a large 
 
 gifd) fabfl ? ©d| er nng ? 3d) ttermntfye, bag er nng mcfyt 
 
 fish sawest 1 Saw he us 1 I presume that he us not 
 
 fctfy* ftaben ©ie je fo ©mag gefefyen ? 3d) fya6e bergteicfyen 
 
 saw. Have They ever so something seen 1 I have of the like 
 
 me gefefyen* 3d) fenne eg nicfyt, inbem id) eg nod) tue 
 
 never seen. I know it not, since I it yet never 
 
 gefefyen fyaU. 3d) fyabe ifyn fatten fefyen* 3d) t)a6e fie 
 
 seen have. I have him to fall to see. I have her 
 
 tanjen fefyen* 3d) fcerftdjere Sfytten, bag id) ©ie nid)t fyabe 
 
 to dance to see. I assure to Them that I Them not have 
 
 fomnten fefyen* ©iefye meinen ©djmetterling ! ©efyen ©te 
 
 to come to see. See my butterfly ! Look They 
 
 bortfyin ! 9Bir molten fefyen* 
 
 thither ! We will see. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 161 
 
 Obs. — In the phrase, 3 rf) () a b e t ft n fatten fefyeit, 
 I have seen him fall, the infinitive feben is used instead 
 of the past participle gefebeiu This irregular for- 
 mation of the perfect tense occurs in a few more verbs 
 which, like febert, to see, may, according to their 
 signification, be connected with another verb in the 
 infinitive. In the phrase, 3d) fcerftcfrere Sbnett, 
 baftcf)©te nid)t babe fommen fefyen, I assure 
 you that I have not seen you come, the auxiliary babe 
 does not take its place at the end of the sentence, as the 
 conjunction b a$ generally requires, but, for the sake of 
 euphony, precedes the two infinitives. 
 
 What doest thou see ? I see a bird. Is the bird 
 which thou seest pretty ? What does he see ? He 
 sees a ship. What didst thou see ? I saw a large fish 
 What didst thou think when thou sawest a large fish ? 
 Did he see us? I presume that he did not see us. 
 Have you ever seen such a thing ? I have never seen 
 the like. I do not know it, as I have never seen it 
 before. I saw him fall. I saw her dance. I assure 
 you that I did not see you come. See my butterfly. 
 Look there. Let us see. 
 
 ?efett, to read. SfQaS fiefefl 2Ht ? 3d) lefe erne 
 
 What readest thou 1 I read a 
 
 9tofceUe. 2Ba6 tteft er? dv Kept men SSrtef. gefen 
 
 novel. What reads he 1 He reads a letter. Read 
 
 @xe Diet ? 3d) fag em £rauerfpte(> & la$ em guftfpiel. 
 
 They much 1 I read a tragedy. He read a comedy. 
 
 S)aim ®ie ©emitter's 2Qerfe gelefett ? 2te3 ftofty'3 ©ebtcfyte* 
 
 Hare They Schiller's Works read 1 Read (thou) Holty's Poems. 
 
 Sefen ©te ftfojpftaf'ig Dben. 5Btr rotten em ^apttet lefetu 
 
 Read They Klopstock's Odes. We will a chapter read. 
 
 What art thou reading ? I am reading a novel. What 
 is he reading ? He is reading a letter. Do you read a 
 good deal ? I read a tragedy. He read a comedy. 
 Have you read Schiller's Works ? Read (thou) Holty's 
 Poems. Read Klopstock's Odes. Let us read a chapter. 
 
162 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 @ e fy e n, fo g-o. ©efyen ©ie oft in$ greater ? 3d) 
 
 Go They often into the theatre 1 I 
 
 gefye felten fyineim ©ing er nut S^nen ? 3d) gtng nicfyt 
 
 go seldom there into. Went he "with to Them 1 I went not 
 
 mit tfym. ©ie ijl m£ Sonjert gegangen* 3d) tin ju 
 
 with to him. She is into the concert gone. I am to 
 
 meinem Setter gegangem 
 
 to mj cousin gone. 
 
 Obs. — © el) en, to go, is one of the few active intransi- 
 tive verbs which, in German, require the auxiliary f ein, 
 to be. 
 
 Do you often go to the theatre ? I seldom go there. 
 Did he go with you ? I did not go with him. She 
 went to the concert. I went to my cousin's. 
 
 ^ontmett, to come. 3rf) fam ju fydt dv tarn fritter 
 
 I came too late. He came earlier 
 
 aW id)* 3(1 er fcfyon gefommen? 3d) bin nm brct Ufyr 
 
 than I. Is he already come 1 I am about three clock 
 
 gefommen. 
 
 come. 
 
 I came too late. He came sooner than I. Has he 
 come already ? I came at three o'clock. 
 
 9? e I) ffi e it, to ta&e. 2Ba3 nimm jl En ? 3d) nel)me einen 
 
 What takest thou 1 I take an 
 
 SipfeL 9timmt er©tt>a$ ? 3d) nafjm md)t& @r nafym mix 
 
 apple. Takes he anything 1 I took nothing. He took to me 
 
 meine Ut)r* 2Ba3 fyaben ©ie tfym genommen ? 3d) f)abe 
 
 my watch. What have They to him taken 1 I have 
 
 tfym ttidjtS genommen. Kimrn biefen Stealer* 9?el)men ©ie, 
 
 to him nothing taken. Take (thou) this crown. Take They 
 
 tva$ 3f)flen ketie&h 
 
 what to Them pleases. 
 
 What dost thou take ? I take an apple. Does he 
 take anything ? I took nothing. He took my watch 
 from me. What did you take from him? I took 
 nothing from him. Take (thou) this crown. Take 
 what you like. 
 
 S3 r i n g e n, to bring. 3d) 6rad)te ifym einen D?otf ♦ ©ie 
 
 I brought to him a coat. She 
 
 6rad)te mtr ©nppe* 28a£ kjat fte 3fynen ge6rad)t ? 
 
 brought to me soup. What has she to Them brought 1 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 163 
 
 I brought him a coat. She brought me soup. What 
 did she bring you ? 
 
 © cf) t a f e xt, to sleep. £u fdjfaffi ju lattge* @r fdjldft 
 
 Thou sleepest too long. He sleeps 
 
 mcfyt ntefjr, 3d) fcWt'ef in btefem gimmex. dt fdbftef bi$ 
 
 not more. I slept in to this room. He slept till 
 
 ffefcett Ubt\ SGBie fange ftaben @te gefcfaafen ? 
 
 seven clock. How long have They slept 1 
 
 Thou sleepest too long. He sleeps no longer. I 
 slept in this room. He slept till seven o'clock. How 
 long did you sleep ? 
 
 (gffett, to eat. Sjfejl £u imretfeS £Sbfi? @r tgt ju 
 
 Eatest Thou unripe fruit 1 He eats too 
 
 fcteL 3rf) a£ em ©tucfrf)en SButterbrob* @r a£ cm 6tiicfcf)eti 
 
 much. I ate a little piece butter bread. He ate a little piece 
 
 Stmbfletfd)* $a6iftt gie fcfton ju Wtttag gegefiett? 3$ 
 
 beef. Have They already at noon eaten 1 Eat (thou) 
 
 fongfanu (Sffen Sie bed). 
 
 slowly. Eat They yet. 
 
 Dost thou eat unripe fruit ? He eats too much. I 
 ate a little piece of bread and butter. He ate a little 
 piece of beef. Have you dined already ? Eat (thou) 
 slowly. Do eat. 
 
 X r i n f e it, to drink. & tremf ©etoafer* 3d) trattf 
 
 He drank ice-water. I drank 
 
 £bee* S^abtn ©te SOBem getrtmfett? 3d) Jjabe mdjtS 
 
 tea. Have They wine drunk 1 I have nothing 
 
 getnmfetu 
 
 drunk. 
 
 He drank ice-water. I drank tea. Did you drink 
 wine ? I did not drink anything. 
 
 @ p r e cf) e n, Jo speaA. @prid)fi £u fceutfcf) ? @prtd)t 
 
 Speakest thou German 1 Speaks 
 
 er frangofifcf) ? 3d) fpradj mtt tljfjfc dv fprad) Don mtS* 
 
 he French 1 I spoke with to him. He spoke of to us. 
 
 2£tr haben mtt cittern SSefanntett gefprccfyett* ©prtd) fceut* 
 
 We have with to an acquaintance spoken. Speak (thou) plain- 
 
 lufy (gprecfyett Sie tout 
 
 lr. Speak They aloud. 
 
164 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Dost thou speak German? Does he speak French? 
 I spoke to him. He spoke of us. We spoke to an ac- 
 quaintance. Speak (thou) plainly. Speak aloud. 
 
 $8 if fen, to know. 3d) voeig eg. $Qci$t £n, n>xe er 
 
 I know it. Knowest thou how he 
 
 fyetfft? 3d) weig md)tg ba&oiu 3d) ttwffte fern SWittcL 
 
 is called 1 I know nothing- thereof. I knew no remedy. 
 
 SBtifte er etnxtg 9?eueg ? @r hat ben 9?amen ber Stabt 
 
 Knew he anything new 1 He has the name of the town 
 
 nidjt gettmpt 
 
 not known. 
 
 I know it. Dost thou know his name ? I know 
 nothing of it. I knew of no remedy. Did he know 
 anything new ? He did not know the name of the 
 town. 
 
 % I) u it, to do. $&a$ tljufi £u ? 3d) tfue md)t$. Zhnt 
 
 "What dost thou 1 I do nothing. Does 
 
 er eg ? Qv that recfyt* 3d) that tbm Unrecfyt @r bjat mtr 
 
 he it \ He did rightly. I did to him wrong. He has to me 
 
 n>ebe getban* eg bat mtr leib getban* Zbue bag ntd)t 
 
 painfully done. It has to me sorrily done. Do (thou) that not 
 
 mebr. Zbun ©te eg. 
 
 more. Do They it. 
 
 What art thou doing ? I am doing nothing. Does 
 he do it ? He did right. I did him wrong. He has 
 hurt me. I was sorry for it. Do (thou) so no more. 
 Do so. 
 
 © rf) r e t i e n, to write. 3d) fcfyrteb an tbn. dv fcfyrteb 
 
 I wrote on him. He wrote 
 
 gtoet SSrtefe* 2Bag bat er Sfytten gefefyrteben 2 
 
 two letters. What has he to Them written 1 
 
 I wrote to him. He wrote two letters. What did he 
 write to you ? 
 
 Dlnfen, to call dt rtef mid). 3d) rief nm QMfc 
 
 He called me. I called about help. 
 
 Robert ®te mtr gernfen? 
 
 Have They to me called 1 
 
 He called me. I cried out for help. Did you call to 
 me? 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 165 
 
 § el fen, to help. #tffjl £u mtr? 3d) fcetfe Sir. gr 
 
 Helpest Thou to me 1 I help to thee. He 
 
 f>t(ft mtf. 2Ber fyrff Sfynen ? 3rf) fjalf itim. @r tyat mir 
 
 helps to us. Who helped to Them 1 I helped to him. He has to me 
 
 gefyolfen* 3d) fyctbe tbm tragen fyeJfen* 
 
 helped. I have to him to carry to help. 
 
 Dost thou help me? I help thee. He helps us. 
 Who helped you ? I helped him. He has helped me. 
 I have helped him carry. 
 
 Z v a g e n, to carry, fyc. £ragft £n emeu turfjenen 
 
 Wearest thou a cloth 
 
 Dtotf ? Ox tragt einen fd)tt>ar$en gtacf* (gie trng bte SEtfild) 
 
 coat 1 He wears a black frock. She carried the milk 
 
 in ben better* 3d) trug etnen Steifefacf. S)ahcn @tc ba£ 
 
 into the cellar. I carried a travelling bag. Have They the 
 
 tyadet in ba3 £an3 getragen ? 
 
 parcel into the house carried ? 
 
 Dost thou wear a cloth coat ? He wears a black 
 dress coat. She carried the milk into the cellar. I 
 carried a portmanteau. Did you carry the parcel into 
 the house ? 
 
 © cf) n e i b e n, to cw£. 20er fdjnitt ba£ gteifd) ? 3d) 
 
 Who cut the meat ? I 
 
 fcfjmtt e£* 3d) f)abe e3 gefcfynitten* 
 
 cut it. I have it cut. 
 
 Who cut the meat ? I cut it. I have cut it. 
 
 ^tnben, to find. 2Ber fcmb e$? 3d) fcmb e£* 3d) 
 
 Who found it 1 I found it. I 
 
 fyabe e3 gefnnbem 
 
 have it found. 
 
 Who found it ? I found it. I have found it. 
 
 fallen, to fall © e f a 1 1 e n, to please. £n fattfh 
 
 Thou fallest. 
 
 @r fattt 3d) fteL @r ftct 3d) bin gefatfem ®$ gefdttt 
 
 He falls. I fell. He fell. I am fallen. It pleases 
 
 mir. igg geftef mir* S3 §at mir gefaftem 
 
 to me. It pleased to me. It has to me pleased. 
 
 Thou fallest. He falls. I fell. He fell. I have 
 fallen. I like it. It pleased me. It has pleased me. 
 
166 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 S) a 1 1 e n, to hold. 2Ber Witt t>te ?atemc 1 Spaltfi ®u 
 
 Who holds the lantern ? Holdest thou 
 
 fie ? 3rf) Wett (Te. @r Weft fein 2Bort. @r Ijat fetn SBort 
 
 her! I held her. He kept his word. He has his word 
 
 gefyaltem 
 
 kept 
 
 Who is holding the lantern ? Art thou holding it ? 
 I held it. He kept his word. He has kept his word. 
 
 SBerfen, to throw. 2Sa£ n>trft er in ba$ Staffer? 
 
 What throws he into the water ? 
 
 SfOtrffl £u etm$ in ba# gener? dv n>arf ben S3rtef in 
 
 Throwest thou anything into the fire ? He threw the letter into 
 
 ba$ fteucv. 3d) tt>arf eg jum $enfter fytnang* 3d) fyabe 
 
 the fire. I threw it to the window there out. I have 
 
 einen ©tetn in ben glnf geworfen* 
 
 a stone into the river thrown. 
 
 What does he throw into the water ? Doest thou 
 throw anything into the fire ? He threw the letter 
 into the fire. I threw it out of the window. I have 
 thrown a stone into the river. 
 
 © i § e n, to sit. SOBer fa# fyter? 3d) fa# ba* 3d) fyafce 
 
 Who sat here ! I sat there. I have 
 
 lange ba gefejfen* 
 
 long there sat. 
 
 Who sat here ? I sat there. I have sat there long. 
 
 © t e f) en, fo starch. 2Ber jtcmb ba ? 3d) ftanb ba. 3d) 
 
 Who stood there 1 I stood there. I 
 
 fyabe ba geftanbem 
 
 have there stood. 
 
 Who stood there. I stood there. I have stood there. 
 
 2 i e g e n, to lie. 3d) lag im 95ette. @r (ag auf bent 
 
 I lay in to the bed. He lay on to the 
 
 ©ofa, dv fyat fyter gelegem 
 
 »ofa. He has here lain. 
 
 I lay in the bed. He lay on the sofa. He has lain 
 here. 
 
 £> e n f e n, to think. 3d) iadjte an ©te. @r bad)te 
 
 I thought on Them. He thought 
 
 md)t baram 3d) fyaBe oft an fie gebacfyt 
 
 not thereon, I have often on her thought. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 167 
 
 I remembered you. He did not think of it. I often 
 thought of her. 
 
 2B o If e n, to be willing, fyc. Set) ttritf eg tbmu SDBittjl 
 
 I will it do! Wilt 
 
 £u mtr fofgen 2 <gr »>tff eg macfyem 3d) n>il£ nod) etnen 
 
 thou to me follow. He will it make. I will yet one 
 
 23rief fefyret&eiu & voiU, bap idj eg tfme* 3d) wottte eg 
 
 letter write. He wishes that I it ma}- do. I was willing it 
 
 tfjm geben* dv tt>otfte nidht arbettetu Sie ft>ottte eben 
 
 to him to give. He was willing not to work. She was willing just 
 
 anggebek SOBag rcoftte er ? 3d) toottte tfyn fprecfyen, altein 
 
 out to go. What wanted he ? I was willing him to speak, but 
 
 er toax nidjt ju £aafe* 3d) ba6e eg ntd)t cjemoltt @r fyat 
 
 he was not at to house. I have it not wished. He has 
 
 eg nid)t tbun ttetfen* 3d) ba6e eg ibm fagen tt>el(em £a6en 
 
 it not to do to he willing. I have it to him to say to be willing. Hare 
 
 ©te mid) fprecfyen ttofien? 3d) tt>etfc toanim er eg md)t bat 
 
 They me to speak to be willing ? I know why he it not has 
 
 tbun ttjotfem 
 
 to do to be willing. 
 
 Obs. — In the phrase, ft a6 en ©ie mtdfr fpreefcen tt>ok 
 I en? Did yo^ wish to speak to me? the infinitive MooU 
 I e n is employed instead of the past participle. In the 
 phrase, 3d) n> e t £, tt> a rn m er eg nid)t I)at tf)un 
 tt) il e n, I know why he did not wish to do it, the auxi- 
 liary b)at precedes the two infinitives, instead of closing 
 the sentence, as tt>arnm would require, according to 
 the general rule which has been explained before. 
 
 I am willing to do it. Wilt thou follow me ? He is 
 willing to make it, I am going to write one more letter. 
 He wishes me to do so. I was willing to give it to 
 him. He was not willing to work. He was about to 
 go out. What did he wish ? I was going to speak to 
 him, but he was not at home. I did not wish it. He 
 was not willing to do it. I was willing to tell it to him. 
 Did you wish to speak to me ? I do not know why he 
 was not willing to do it. 
 
 ^ottiten, to be able, fyc. ®te fann ttafien* 3cf) fann 
 
 She can sew. I can 
 
 lefetu 3d) fann frang&jTfd}* ^onnen ®te bentfd)? Sfyr 
 
 read. I can French. Can They German 1 They 
 
168 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 fonnt fymgefyen* ©te fonnen eg fefyen* 3d) fonnte ntcfyt 
 
 can thither go. They can it see. I could not 
 
 fritter fommem ©te fonnte eg ntd)t tierftefyen* S$ fonnte 
 
 earlier come. She could it not understand. It could 
 
 fern, dv fonnte eg tfynn, wenn er tootlte. 3d) fyabe ntd)t 
 
 be. He could it do if he were willing. I have not 
 
 fcfylctfen fonnen* @r hat eg nidjt lewen fonnen* 3<*) fyatte 
 
 to sleep to be able. He has it not to learn to be able. I might hare 
 
 eg tragen fonnen. ©ie fatten fymgefyen fonnen* 3d) 
 
 it to carry to be able. They might have there to go to be able. I 
 
 gfanbe, bct£ er eg ntcfyt fyat t{)un fotmem 
 
 believe that he it not has to do to be able. 
 
 She can sew. I can read. I understand French. 
 Do you understand German? You may go there. 
 You may see it. I could not come earlier. She could 
 not understand it. It might be. He could do it, if he 
 were willing. I have not been able to sleep. He was 
 not able to learn it. I could have carried it. You 
 might have gone there. I believe that he was not able 
 to do it. 
 
 ©olf en, to be to, 4-c. 3d) foil fd)ret6en* 2)u folltf 
 
 I am to write. Thou shalt 
 
 fd)tt>etgen* (grfott bte 9ied)mwg bejafyten* (£r foil fritter 
 
 be silent. He shall the bill pay. He is said formerly 
 
 retd) gewefen feim 3d) fotlte iljtt beglettem ©ie fotlten ifym 
 
 rich been to be. I was to him accompany. They were to to him 
 
 fyeffem 3d) follte md)tg batton erroaljnem @x fotlte fern 
 
 help. I ought to nothing thereof mention. He ought to his 
 
 ©elb fparem @g follte grower feim SOBamm follte id) eg 
 
 money save. It ought to larger be. Why should I it 
 
 nid)t tfymt ? 5Ber tyat eg brmgen fotten ? 2Ber tjattc eg 
 
 not do 1 Who has it to bring to be to \ Who might have it 
 
 wtg fagen follen ? 3fyr bdttet eg fefyen follem 3d) fage, 
 
 to us to say to be to ? You would hare it to see to be to. I say 
 
 ba$ er eg ntd)t fydtte tfytm fotlen. 
 
 that he it not might have to do to be to. 
 
 I am to write. Thou art to be silent. He is to pay 
 the bill. He is said to have been wealthy formerly. I 
 was to accompany him. They were to help him. 
 I ought not to mention anything of it. He ought to 
 save his money. It ought to be larger. Why should I 
 not do it ? Who was to bring it ? Who should have 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 169 
 
 told us of it? You ought to have seen it. I say 
 that he ought not to have done it. 
 
 23 tt xf e n f to be allowed. 2>atf id) cmdgeben ? Sarf 
 
 Dare I out go ? Dare 
 
 id) fyojfen ? ©it .barfjt beh &unb ntdbt fcfyfagen. @r barf 
 
 I hope ? Thou darest the dog- not beat. He dares 
 
 nidjt fptefen. Durft 3br mirf) begfetten ? 2Kr biirfen ntcfytg 
 
 not play. Dare you me accompany 1 We dare nothing 
 
 fagen. 'Sic biirfen e£ feben. 3d) bnrfte ben $#$ nidjt 
 
 say. They dare it see. I durst the foot not 
 
 bewegen. & burfte rndji tcmjem 3d) hahc ntd)t3 faufen 
 
 move. He durst not dance. 1 have nothing to buy 
 
 biirfen. Gr hat nid)t$ truifen biirfen. 3rf) toet£, rcarum er 
 
 to be allowed He has nothing to drink to be allowed. I know why he 
 
 e3 mcfyt bat tbnn biirfen. 
 
 it not has to do to be allowed. 
 
 Dare I go oat ? Dare I hope ? Thou darest not 
 beat the dog. He dares not play. Are you allowed 
 to accompany me ? We dare not say anything. You 
 dare see it. I durst not move my foot. He durst not 
 dance. I was not allowed to buy anything. He was 
 not allowed to drink anything. I know why he was 
 not allowed to do it. 
 
 gjjitffen, to be obliged. 3$ mug e3 ihnx fagen. & 
 
 I must it to him tell. He 
 
 mu$ arbetten. SBStr rnujfen gefmt. 3br mtipt anfmerffamer 
 
 must work. We must go. 5fou must more attentive 
 
 fetn. ©te mi'ujen ffcfi fcbenen. 3$ rongte bet tbm Met* 
 
 be. They must themselves spare. I was obliged by to him re- 
 
 ben, dv imtfte frith anffteben. 3rf) tterbe tbn teamen 
 
 main. He was obliged early up stand. 1 shall him to warn 
 
 nuijfen. 3rf) fyafce c£ thin erfldren ntuffen. Ste hat e£ 
 
 to be obliged. I have it to him to explain to be obliged. She has it 
 
 fncfyen 'ntitfien. Sagen (Ste tmr/roag er Sjjitett bat brtngen 
 
 to seek to be obliged. Teil They to me what he to Them has to bring 
 
 mtifien. 
 
 to be obliged. 
 
 I must tell him so. He must work. We must go. 
 You must be more attentive. You must spare yourself. 
 I was obliged to remain with him. He was obliged to 
 rise earlv. I shall have to warn him, I had to explain 
 
 8* 
 
170 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 it to him. She had to look for it. Tell me what he 
 was obliged to bring you. 
 
 ? a f f e n, to let 3d) I ajfe 3fmen ben ©tocf ♦ £n lafiejt Deitten 
 
 I leave to Them the cane. Thou lettest thy 
 
 $rennb fcmge marten. @r (apt ben Stocf anbenu (6r la^t 
 
 friend long wait. He lets the coat alter. (He causes 
 
 anbern*) 2a# tf)tt rufen* ?a$ tfytt in Dtnfye* @ie 
 
 to be altered.) Let (thou) him call. Let (thou) him in quietness. They 
 
 fafiett ftcf) Don ifym fyuttergefyeiu (Saffen ftd) fyinter* 
 
 let themselves from to him deceive. (Suffer themselves to be 
 
 gefyen.) 3Bir laffen un£ rafnm (£v lief jTcf) xttc^t 
 
 deceived.) We let ourselves shave. He let himself not 
 
 itberreben* @r ftefl ntir fagen, bag er bente niefyt fommen 
 
 persuade. He let to me tell that he to-day not to come 
 
 fonne* 2Btr ftefjen fte atfem geben. ©te Kef ben S3rtef 
 
 be able. We let her alone go. She let the letter 
 
 ttegtragen* 3d) hahe mix einen 3afyn ansjiefyen faffem 3cfy 
 
 away carry. I have to me a tooth out to draw to let. I 
 
 fyabe tyn wfen lafien. ?afien ©te mir bic 3eitung ttorfefen* 
 
 have him to call to let. Let They to me the newspaper before read. 
 
 Zaftm ©ie mid) 3bnen bie Seitung fcorlefem 3Benn 
 
 Let They me to Them the newspaper before read. If 
 
 er ben SSrief geftern tjatte rcegtrctgen laffen, fo f)dtte jTe 
 
 he the letter yesterday had away to carry to let, so had she 
 
 benfetben ju redder Beit erbctttem 
 
 the same at to right time received. 
 
 Obs.— In phrases like this, ($r lix$t benSloefan* 
 bern, he causes the coat to be altered (he is having the 
 coat altered), the infinitive of the active form is used in 
 German to correspond to the infinitive of the passive 
 in English. 
 
 I leave you the cane. Thou keepest thy friend wait- 
 ing long. He is having the coat altered. Send for him. 
 Let him alone. They suffer themselves to be deceived 
 by him. We get shaved. He did not suffer himself 
 to be persuaded. He sent me word that he was not 
 able to come to-day. We let her go by herself. She 
 had the letter carried away. I have had a tooth 
 drawn. I have sent for him. Let the newspaper be 
 read to me. Let me read the newspaper to you. If he 
 had had the letter carried away yesterday, she would 
 have received it in due time, 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 171 
 
 902 o g e n, to be inclined. dv mag tfynn, n>a£ er unit. 
 
 He may do what he wishes. 
 
 9D?agft Su ben 28em md)t fofiett ? 3d) mag tyn md)t 
 
 Art inclined thou the wine not to taste 1 I am inclined him not 
 
 feben. 3d) mag gent atfetn fern. 3d) mag Iteber 
 
 to see. I am inclined willingly alone to be. I am inclined sooner 
 
 fafyreit al$ reiten, dv mag Iteber 
 
 to ride in a carriage than to go on horseback. He is inclined sooner 
 
 fpiefen ate arbetten. ©te mogen gefyen, tt>obin ©te tt>otfen. 
 
 to play than to work. They may go whither They wish. 
 
 ©te med)te ben SBrfef ntd)t (efen. 3d) mocfyte mcfyt 
 
 She was inclined the letter not to read. I was inclined not 
 
 fytngeben. dv mocfjte gern em 33nd) tya&etu 3d) 
 
 to go thither. He would be inclined willingly a book to have. I 
 
 mi>d)te gern auf ben Salt getyen. 3d) bat ifyn, ba# 
 
 wou!d be inclined willingly on the ball to go. I desired him that 
 
 er mtr t>elfen mod)te. dv t)at e3 ntd)t tybven mogen. dv 
 
 he to me to help might. He has it not to hear to be inclined. He 
 
 tturb e£ ntd)t tbtm mogen. 3d) tyixtte e£ fefyen 
 
 will it not to do to be inclined. I should have it to see 
 
 mogen. 
 
 to be inclined. 
 
 He may do what he chooses. Art thou not inclined to 
 taste the wine ? 1 do not wish to see him. I like to 
 be by myself. I like riding in a carriage better than 
 going on horseback. He likes playing better than work- 
 ing. You may go where you choose. She did not like 
 to read the letter. I did not like to go there. He would 
 like to have a book. I should like to go to the ball. I 
 requested him to help me. He was not inclined to 
 hear it. He will not like to do it. I should have liked 
 to see it. 
 
 SOBerben, to become, ^c. 3d) tt>erbe miibe. £u 
 
 I become tired. Thou 
 
 ttnrfi gefdndt. dv nnrb gro£. ©ie ttnrb bfo#. d$ roirb 
 
 becomest skilful. He becomes tall. She becomes pale. It grows 
 
 bimfel. 2Btr werben arm. 3fyr werbet retd). ©te (©) 
 
 dark. We become poor. You become wealthy. They 
 
 n>erben ttertegen. ©te (f) tt>erben nnrnbtg. 3d) wurbe 
 
 become embarrassed. They become uneasy. I became 
 
 (marb) franf. £>n ttmrbeft (warDjt) bofe. dv nmrbe (warb) 
 
 sick. Thou becamest angry. He became 
 
172 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 fd)taferig. SSJir nmrben mubt. 3 Br ttmrbet trage. ®fe 
 
 sleepy. We became tired. You became lazy They 
 
 (S) nmrben fcerjagt Sie (f) nntrben t>ertrante ^rennbe* 
 
 became timid. They became intimate friends. 
 
 3d) bin hard geroorbetu @r tfi finger gewcrbem Sic i# 
 
 I am sick become. He is more prudent become. She is 
 
 tt>ieber gefnnb geroorben. dv i]i ftaufmatin gerocrben- 2Ba3 
 
 again healthy become. He is merchant become. What 
 
 ill: au$ 3brer grennbm geworben ? ®te tfl Scfyaufpteferm 
 
 is out to Their (female) friend become 1 She is actress 
 
 gercorben* @r befit nrieber gefnnb jn rcerben* Sr tt>nnfrf)t 
 
 become. He hopes again healthy to become. He wishes 
 
 reirf) ju ioerbetr* Sie fcbeint b&fe gti rcerben* 3* tt>erbe 
 
 rich to become. She seems angry to become. I shall 
 
 Dorfttttiger roerbeiu (Sie roerben feltg toerben* SBo^ mnp 
 
 more cautious become. They will happy become. What must 
 
 man tbun, urn retch $n mcrben ? 
 
 one do in order rich to become 3 
 
 I am becoming tired. Thou art becoming skilful. 
 He is becoming tall. She is becoming pale. It is 
 growing dark. We are becoming poor. You are becom- 
 ing wealthy. You are becoming embarrassed. They 
 are becoming uneasy. I became sick. Thou becamest 
 angry, lie became sleepy. We became tired. You 
 became lazy. You became timid. They became inti- 
 mate friends. I became sick. He has become more 
 prudent. She has recovered. He has become a mer- 
 chant. What has become of your (f.) friend ? She has 
 become an actress, He hopes to recover. He wishes 
 to become wealthy. She appears to become angry. I 
 shall become more cautious. You will become happy. 
 What must one do in order to become wealthy ? 
 
 VERBS FORMING THE PAST PARTICIPLE WITHOUT THE 
 
 prefix ge* 
 
 Infinitive. Past participle. 
 
 SMetbigett, to offend. SSefcibtgt, offended. 
 
 93egreifen, to conceive. 95egrtffen, conceived, 
 
 ©ntfcfcabtgen, to indemnify. (Jnffchdbigf, indemnified. 
 
 ©rHdrett, to explain. (rrffart, explained. 
 
EAST LESSORS IN GERMAN. 173 
 
 ©eborcben, to obey. ©ebcrcbt, obeyed. 
 
 ©efatfen, to please. ©efatfen, pleased. 
 
 35erfprerf)en, to promise. SSerfprodben, promised, 
 
 ©mpfangen, to receive. Smpfangen, received. 
 SSBiberfprecfjen, to contradict. ©fcerfprecben,. contradicted, 
 
 jjuitergeben, to deceive. ftmtergangen, deceived. 
 
 Serretpen, to tear. 3erriiJen, torn. 
 
 Obs. — Verbs commencing with one of the particles 
 be, ent, er, ge, fcer, emp, n)tfcer r butter, and jer, do not take 
 the prefix ge in the past participle. 
 
 dv bat mid) befetfctgt 3d) babe e3 fcegrtflFetu Qv ftmrbe 
 
 He has me offended. 1 have it conceived. He was 
 
 etttfdjabtgt @v bat mtr gebercbh S3 bat ibr gefallem 
 
 'ndemnified. He has tome obeyed. It has to her pleased. 
 
 SSir baben e£ tbneu aerfprcdjeiu SESer bat ba£ 23urf) 
 
 »Ve have it to them promised. Who has the hook 
 
 gorriffen ? 3d) babe ba3 @elb empfattgetu 5E?a3 bat er 
 
 torn 1 I have the money received. What has he 
 
 Sbnen erfifftrt ? Sr bat mtr rotberfprccbem ®te ba6en 
 
 to Them explained 1 He has to me contradicted. They have 
 
 imS bintergangeu* 
 
 us deceived. 
 
 He has offended me. I have conceived it. He was 
 indemnified. He obeyed me. She was pleased with 
 it. We promised it to him. Who has torn the book ? 
 [ have received the money. What did he explain to 
 > r ou ? He has contradicted me. They have deceived 
 us. 
 
 SEPARABLE COMPOUND VERBS. 
 
 SENTENCES WITHOUT A CONJUNCTION REQUIRING THE 
 VERB AT THE END. 
 
 Simple tenses. 
 Present. 3eb gebe beute ntcbt ou& 
 
 I go to-day not out. 
 
 I do not go out to-day. 
 @eben Sie bnxtt rncfyt au$ ? 
 
 Go They to-day not out 1 
 
 Do you not go out to-day ? 
 
174 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 Imperfect, ©tug er mit iftr au$ ? 
 
 Went he with to her out 1 
 
 Did he go oat with her ? 
 dv gtng mrf)t mit Oft an$. 
 
 He went not with to her out. 
 
 He did not go out with her. 
 
 Compound tenses. 
 Perfect. (£x i)l fcfyon au^gegcmgem 
 
 He is already out gone. 
 
 He has gone out already. 
 3ft er (ebon auggegcmgen ? 
 
 Is he already out gone 1 
 
 Has he gone out already ? 
 Future, (it ttrirb fceute mcf)t auggefyetu 
 
 He will to-day not out go. 
 
 He will not go out to-day. 
 Sffiirb er fyeute mdjt au^geben ? 
 
 Will he to-day not out go 1 
 
 Will he not go out to-day ? 
 
 Infinitive without JU* 
 SBMett ©te au^geben ? 
 
 Will They out go ? 
 
 Do you wish to go out ? 
 
 Infinitive with $ it* 
 ©ebenfen ©te auSjugeben ? 
 
 Intend They out to go 1 
 
 Do you intend to go out ? 
 
 Imperative. 
 ©efyen ©te mtt mtr au$. 
 
 Go They with to me out. 
 
 Go out with me. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 175 
 
 SENTENCES WITH A CONJUNCTION REQUIRING THE 
 VERB AT THE END. 
 
 Simple tenses. 
 Present. Xa id) tyute nidjt au$gefie/fo loerfce id) Bit 
 
 As I to-day not out go, so shall I Them 
 
 mcrgeu befucften* 
 
 to-morrow risk. 
 
 As I do not go out to-day , I shall call 
 upon you to-morrow. 
 
 Imperfect £ie Same, nut tt>elcf)er er (tugging, ift feme 
 
 The lady with to which he out went is his 
 
 Statist* 
 
 bride. 
 
 The lady with whom he went out is his 
 bride. 
 
 Compound tenses. 
 Perfect. 3d) tfennutbe, fca£ er fcfcon au^gegangett tft 
 
 I presume that he already out gone is. 
 
 I presume that he has gone out already. 
 Future. %d) Dermurte, ba$ er beutt nid)t auggefyett 
 
 I presume that he to-day not outgo 
 
 tttrb* 
 
 will. 
 
 I presume that he will not go out to-day. 
 
 Infinitive without git* 
 SEBemt- ®ie au^gehen rootten, fo unfit id) ©ie fcegleiten* 
 
 If They out go will, so will I Them accompany. 
 
 If you wish to go out, I will accompany you. 
 
 Infinitive with $ U. 
 2K?enn @te auSjugeben gebenfen, fo ffexfcen Bit fid) a*. 
 
 If They out to go intend, so dress They themselves on. 
 
 If you intend to go out, dress yourself. 
 
176 LAST LESSONS EH GERMAN. 
 
 CRITICAL SYNOPSIS. 
 
 The particle is separated from the verb in the infin- 
 itive by ju and in the past participle by ge. — When a 
 compound verb in the present or imperfect tense is re- 
 quired at the end of the sentence, the particle is not se- 
 parated from it; but when the verb is not required 
 at the end of the sentence, it is separated from the 
 particle, and the latter closes the sentence. — The past 
 participle and infinitive of compound verbs, when used 
 in compound tenses, as the perfect and future, have the 
 same forms, whether the auxiliary be required at the 
 end of a sentence or not. 
 
 Jt onnen @ie btefe3 2Bort auSfprecfyen ? Ste fprecfyen t$ 
 
 Can They this word out speak % They speak it 
 
 ricfyttg au$* 3d) fcerftcfyere 3bnen, %a$ Sfc c ^ ncbttg au£* 
 
 correctly out. I assure to Them that They it correctly pro- 
 
 fprecfyen* Ste fpracben e£ anber$ an5* 3d) benfe, ba^ id) 
 
 nounce. They spoke it otherwise out. 1 think that I 
 
 e$ ebert fo augfprad)* 2£te baben ®te e3 an^gefprecben 1 3d) 
 
 it just so out spoke. How have They it out spoken 1 I 
 
 tveif} ntdjt, note ©te eg au^gefpredjen baben* 2Botfen ©te 
 
 know not how They it out spoken have. Will They 
 
 e£ gefattigjl nod) etmnal an^fpreeben ? 9Bag roeCen Sie 
 
 it most pleasingly yet once out speak 1 What will They 
 
 einfanfen ? 3d) gebenfe SSerfcbiebeneg einjufaufen. 2Sa3 
 
 into buy 1 I intend different things into to buy. What 
 
 f anft er em ? Grr fauft 3 u der nnb $afifee em* SGBcju braucbt 
 
 buys he into 1 He buys sugar and coffee into. Whereto wants 
 
 er bte SESaaren, ttHcbe er etnfauft? 2Bo fauften ©te 
 
 he the goods which he into buys? Where bought They 
 
 fcormafe 3t)re SBaaren em ? ©agen Sie tmr, n>o Ste 
 
 formerly Their goods into ? Tell They to me where They 
 
 btefelben Dormafe emfanften* £afcett Sxe fcfjon Sltteg ein* 
 
 them formerly into bought. Have They already every thing into 
 
 gcfauft, tt>a£ Ste einjnfanfen gebacbten ? 3d) tterbe necb 
 
 bought what They into to buy intended ? 1 shall yet 
 
 9)?cmd)eg einfaufen. 2Bann tterben Sie abreifen? 3d) 
 
 many things into buy. When will They off travel 1 i 
 
 gebenfe bente Slbenb abjuretfetu ©r reif t f^eute ab. (rr 
 
 intend to-day evening off to travel. He travels to-day off. He 
 
 reif te fritter ab aU id), dx tfi fcbcn abgereif't 9?etfen 
 
 travelled earlier off than I. He is already off travelled. Travel 
 
 ©te fyeate ab ? ptetfett ©te beute mcbt ab. 58emt ©ie 
 
 They to-day off? Travel They today not off. If Thev 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 177 
 
 erft morgen abreifen, fe hoffc id) 2ie itcrf) cinmal jit feberu 
 
 only to-morrow off travel, so hope I Them yet once to see. 
 
 2£oKen Sie auffreben ? 3* ftcbe jegt auf* (rr ftanb fpdt 
 
 Will They up stand ? I stand now up. He stood late 
 
 ajjf. Steben Sie nccft mcfct auf? SBBanti ftefcen ©te ge^ 
 
 up. Stand They yet not up ? When stand They usu- 
 
 ttcbnttdb anf? ©atinfmb ©ie beute Oftergen aufgeftariben? 
 
 ally up ? When are They to-day morning up stood \ 
 
 %U tcf) heute frtib aufjlanb, batte ich Stopfwi). afBamt 
 
 When I to-day early up stood had I headache. When 
 
 rcerbett Sfire #reunbe (net cmfemmen? 3$ tt>eip tttcfyt, tt>antt 
 
 •vill Their friends here on come ? I know not when 
 
 ae fytet attf emmen mibeix. @r fam gefretn Don %$?cM. 
 
 ihey here on come will. He came yesterday from to P. back. 
 
 3cb fcermutbe, bag fie gejiern Doit 1\ juritrf fam* 3ft fte 
 
 I presume that she yesterday from to P. back came. Is she 
 
 QlMlitb jurfirfgef cmmen ? 3d) aerftcfjere Soften, bag fte 
 
 happily back come ! I assure to Them that she 
 
 ghicfltdj juritrfgefemmen iff* ^emmen Ste ba(b jurittf* 3* 
 
 happily back come is. Come They soon back. I 
 
 heflFe," bag gie halt jurutffemmen mxbetu " SBBotfeit 8ie mtr 
 
 hope that They soon back come will. Will They to me 
 
 juberen ? Qaben 2ie ?ufr / fyftt jujuberen ? 3rf) fpW ibm 
 
 to listen? Have They desire to him to to listen ! I hear to him 
 
 gent $«♦ 3* berte xbr tange aufmerffam jiu fyaben 2ie 
 
 gladly to. I heard to her long attentively to. Have They 
 
 tbm (ange jugebort ? &cren 2ie mtr nur no* eutett Stagen* 
 
 tohim long to heard? Hear They to me only yet one mo- 
 
 Uid ju* 3^ gtng weg, roeil id) ibm iitdht mebr juberen 
 
 ment to. I went away, because I to him not more to hear 
 
 femtte* SRacftfcem tdj ibm tange rubig jugebert batte, fcegamt 
 
 could. After I tohim long quietly to heard had, began 
 
 id) fetgenber tyla&n. Semen 2te gent auswenbig ? 
 
 I of following measures. Learn They willingly by heart ? 
 
 SOSerben (Eie 3bre Sfafgabe auen>enbig fenten ? " 3cf) babe 
 
 Will They Their lesson by heart learn ? I have 
 
 fa ou£)i>enbtg $u lenten. (2x (efnte fte cmStrenfcig* dx bat 
 
 her by heart to learn. He learned her by heart. He has 
 
 groanjtg unregeimapige 3eitwcrter auewenbig gelernt 
 
 twenty irregular verbs by heart learned. 
 
 Obs. — An adverb connected with a verb, such as 
 a U $ tt> e n b i g, fejf &ear£ 5 is treated, as regards its posi- 
 tion, like a particle of a compound verb. 
 
 Can you pronounce this word ? You pronounce it 
 correctly. I assure you that you pronounce it properly, 
 8* 
 
178 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 You pronounced it differently. I think that I pronounced 
 it in the same manner. How did you pronounce it ? 
 I do not know how you pronounced it. Will you please 
 to pronounce it once more ? What are you going to 
 purchase ? I intend to purchase different things. What 
 is he purchasing ? He purchases sugar and coffee. 
 For what does he want the goods which he is pur- 
 chasing? Where did you purchase your goods form- 
 erly ? Tell me where you purchased them formerly. 
 Have you already purchased every thing that you in- 
 tended to purchase ? I shall buy some more things. 
 When will you depart ? I intend to depart this 
 evening. He departs to-day. He departed sooner 
 than I. He has departed already. Will you depart 
 to-day ? Do not depart to-day. If you will not de- 
 part before to-morrow, I hope to see you once more. 
 Do you wish to rise ? I am now rising. He rose 
 late. Do you not yet rise ? When do you generally 
 rise ? When did you rise this morning ? When I 
 rose this morning I had the headache. When will 
 your friends arrive here ? I do not know when they 
 will arrive. He returned from P. yesterday. I pre- 
 sume that she returned from P. yesterday. Did she 
 return well ? I, assure you that she returned well. 
 Come back soon. I hope that you will come back 
 soon. Will you listen to me ? Have you a desire to 
 listen to him ? I like to listen to him. I listened to 
 her long with attention. Did you listen to him long ? 
 Listen to me only one moment longer. I went away, 
 because I could no longer listen to him. After I had 
 listened to him for some time quietly, I began thus, &c. 
 Do you like to learn by heart ? Will you learn your 
 lesson by heart ? I have to learn it by heart. He 
 learned it by heart. He has learned twenty irre- 
 gular verbs by heart. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 179 
 
 PASSIVE FORM. 
 
 PRINCIPAL TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Sd) n>erbe Don memen grennben geliebt Seine ©cfywefter 
 
 I am from to my friends loved. Thy sister 
 
 ttnrb Don tfyren ?ebrern gettebt nnb getobt, toetf fie flet#tg 
 
 is from to her teachers loved and praised, because she industrious 
 
 nnb anfmerffam ift ; aber 2>n wixft Don ben Seimgen getabelt, 
 
 and attentive is ; but thou art from to the thine blamed 
 
 toett En md)t gent axbeitefi. SStr rcerben oft getdnfdjt 
 
 because thou not willingly workest. We are often deceived. 
 
 ©te werben Don %bxm gtennben gefri)d£t Ste Unnnffenben 
 
 They are from to Their friends esteemed. The ignorant 
 
 toerben Derad)tet 9B3erben ©te bafur entfcfyabtgt? 3d) 
 
 are despised. Are They therefor indemnified! I 
 
 tonrbe im %abxe arf)t$ebnbnnbert nnb acbtjebn gebotm ©r 
 
 was in to the year eighteen hundred and eighteen born. He 
 
 \mxbe Don feinem £>nfel erjogen* 3fyre ©tttnme nmrbe be* 
 
 was from to his uncle educated. Her voice was ad- 
 
 umnbert ©te nmrben Denntgt @8 nmrben fe$te$ Saljr 
 
 mired. They were missed. It were last year 
 
 Dtele Jenifer tner gebant 3d) bin betrogen worbem dv ift 
 
 many houses here built. I am deceived been. He is 
 
 beteibtgt n>orbem ©te ift etngrfctben ttorbem 2Btr jTnb ge* 
 
 offended been. She is invited been. We are com- 
 
 $ttmngen roorben* ®fe jTnb genngbanbettworbem 3d) roerbe 
 
 peiled been. They are ill-treated been. I shall 
 
 tbm entpfofyten rcerbeiu Xu nurft befixaft werben* (£r rotrb 
 
 to him recommended be. Thou wilt punished be. He will 
 
 belofynt merbem ©te nrirb gitttg bebanbelt tt>erben* SGBtr 
 
 rewarded be She will kindly treated be. We 
 
 tt>erben Dertfyetbtgt roerbem %bv rcerbet geacfytet tt>erben* 
 
 shall defended be. You will esteemed be. 
 
 ©te werben betrogen werben* ©te (©) roerben gnt bebtent 
 
 They will deceived be. They will well waited upon 
 
 n>erben. 
 
 be. 
 
 Obs. — The passive voice is formed from the auxili- 
 ary n> e V b e n and the past participle. The past par- 
 ticiple of the auxiliary n> e r b e n is tt>orben* The 
 position of the auxiliary n> e r b e n in a sentence de- 
 pends upon the general rules regulating the position of 
 any auxiliary. 
 
 I am loved by my friends. Thy sister is loved 
 and praised by her teachers, because she is industri- 
 
ISO EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 ous and attentive ; but thou art blamed by thine, be- 
 cause thou dost not like to work. We are often de- 
 ceived. You are esteemed by your friends. The 
 ignorant are despised. Will you be indemnified for 
 that? I was born in eighteen hundred and eighteen. 
 He was brought up by his uncle. Her voice was 
 admired. You were missed. There were many houses 
 built here last year. I have been deceived. He has 
 been offended. She has been invited. We have been 
 compelled. They have been ill-treated. I shall be 
 recommended to him. Thou wilt be punished. He 
 will be rewarded. She will be treated kindly. We 
 shall be defended. You will be esteemed. They will 
 be deceived. You will be waited upon well. 
 
 PRESENT TENSE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN REGULAR 
 AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 Saget e3 ii)x ntityi, bamtt fte dnd) iticfyt fcerratfye* dt 
 
 Tell it to her not that she you not may betray. He 
 
 uerbtent, ba$ man ifyn ad)te. @r fcfymeicfyelt ftcb, ba$ 
 
 deserves that one him may esteem. Ke flatters to himself that 
 
 fte ifyn Hebe, dv fagte mix, ba$ ®te lefem Q?r fragte mid), 
 
 she him love. He told to me that They read. He asked me 
 
 06 id) eg gfaube* & $ianbt, ba$ id) fcfceqe* Sffiir fragten 
 
 whether I it believe. He believes that I joke. We asked 
 
 tfjtf, n>ot)er er fommc nub roofjin er gebe* ©te fragte micfr, 
 
 him whence he come and whither he go. She asked me 
 
 ttuetnel id) tie 2Becbe fcerbtene* QRem Sater nmnfcfyt, ba$ id) 
 
 how much I the week earn. My father wishes that I 
 
 beutfrf) (erne. Sie ttnmfcfrt, bag er fte begletfe, @r 
 
 German may learn. She wishes that he her may accompany. He 
 
 fagt, ba$ er fte mcfyt begtetten fonne* 3etgen Sie mtr 
 
 says that he her not to accompany be able. Show They to me 
 
 Sfyre Ueberfefsung, bamtt id) febe, eb fte rtrf)ttg ijt. 
 
 Their translation, that I may see if she correct is. 
 
 Obs. — In all verbs the first and third persons of the 
 present subjunctive end in e, and are formed from the * 
 infinitive by dropping the at, when the infinitive ends in 
 en, or by substituting e for the n of the final { n and nt 
 of the infinitive, The other . persons of the present 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 181 
 
 subjunctive are formed by the same affixes respectively, 
 as are used in the present indicative. 
 
 Do not tell it to her, that she may not betray you. 
 He deserves to be esteemed. He flatters himself to be 
 loved by her. He told me that you were reading. He 
 asked me whether I believed it. He believes that I am 
 joking. We asked him from whence he came, and 
 whither he was going. She asked me how much I was 
 earning a week. My father wishes me to study Ger- 
 man. She wishes him to accompany her. He says 
 that he was not able to accompany her. Show me your 
 translation, that I may see whether it is correct. 
 
 IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE AND CONDITIONALS, IN 
 REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 SOBenn er bet n>dre, fo nnirbe id) eg ibm fagetn 3$ 
 
 If he here were, so would I it to him tell. I 
 
 wftrbe ©te geftern befucfyt baben, toenn id) tticfjt unroot)! 
 
 should Them yesterday visited hare, if I not unwell 
 
 geroefen tt>dte* ©te nutrbe ibre Sfufgabe gemacfyt baben, 
 
 been were. She would her lesson made have, 
 
 wmn fte tucfyt barcm Derbtnbert Herbert metre* @ie nmrben 
 
 if she not thereon hindered been were. They would 
 
 eg ftnbett, roernt ®te eg fucbten* @r voitrbe mcfyt getabelt 
 
 it find, if They it sought. He would not blamed 
 
 werben, roeim er aufmerffamer mare. SBurben Ste mtg 
 
 be, if he more attentive were. Would They us 
 
 toben, tt>enn nrir intfere SUtfgctbcn macbten ? Sffienn 3hr fie 
 
 praise, if we our lessons made 1 If you them 
 
 obne $ebler ntacfytet, fo nntrbe icf) (Sitcf) foben* Sffiemt er 
 
 without errors made, so would I you praise. If he 
 
 gte aerftcmben batte, fo nntrbe er 3fwen cmtrcortem SESenn 
 
 Them understood had, so would he to Them answer. If 
 
 ©te frttber gefommen toatert, fo nntrben Ste Stjren greanb 
 
 They earlier come were, so would They Their friend 
 
 t)ier getroffen baben* 3d) beforgte, ba$ er mid) Dcrtaffett 
 
 here met have. I feared that he me forsake 
 
 nmrbe* Scfj nmrbe tnS Sweater gefyett, roenn trf) 3 ei * t)atte. 
 
 would. I should into the theatre go, if I time had. 
 
 3d) nmrbe mit Sfynett getjett, roemt Ste fymeitt gutgeiu 3cf) 
 
 I should with to Them go 5 if They into went, I 
 
182 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 nnirbe in$ Sonjert gegattgen fettt, wetm id) 3^it geljafct 
 
 should into the concert gone be, if I time had 
 
 f)&tte* 3rf) vourbe ©te geptern 6efud)t fyxben, tt>emt id) 
 
 had. I should Them yesterday visited have, if : I 
 
 Qemi$t tyatte, bag ©te unpag(td) 'waxen. 3d) nmrbe jufrtebett 
 
 known had that They indisposed were. I should content 
 
 feiit, wemt id) fo gut beutfd) fprecfyen fomtte, toic ntettt 
 
 be, if I so well German speak could as my 
 
 SSetter. 
 
 Obs. — The imperfect subjunctive does not differ from 
 the imperfect indicative in regular verbs ; in irregular 
 verbs it is formed by adding an e to the imperfect in- 
 dicative, and softening the vowels a, 0, u into a, o, iu 
 The conditional is formed from the auxiliary id) 
 n> ix r b e &c., and the infinitive. 3d) toitrbe &c., 
 which is the imperfect subjunctive of Herbert, cor- 
 responds both to the English should and would. In 
 phrases like this, 2Benn er ba tt)&re, fo toiirbe 
 id) e 3 i f) m fagett, if he were here, I should tell it to 
 him, the two parts of the sentence are connected by f o 
 and the latter verb, n> it r b e, which is preceded by f o, 
 is followed by its nominative. This inversion of the nom- 
 inative generally takes place when the verb is preceded 
 by fo. The conjunction fo in the above sentence 
 corresponds with tt> e n tt ; but it may also correspond 
 with other conjunctions. 
 
 If he were here, I should tell it to him. I should 
 have called upon you yesterday, if I had not been unwell. 
 She would have done her exercise, if she had not been 
 prevented from it. You would find it, if you looked for 
 it. He would not be blamed, if he were more atten- 
 tive. Would you praise us, if we did our exercises ? If 
 you did them without any errors, I should praise 
 you. If he had understood you, he would answer 
 you. If you had come earlier, you would have met 
 your friend here. I feared that he would forsake me. 
 I should go to the theatre, if I had time. I should go 
 with you, if you went there. I should have gone to 
 the concert, if I had had time. I should have called 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 183 
 
 upon you yesterday, if I had known that you were 
 indisposed. I should be satisfied, if I could speak 
 German as well as my cousin. 
 
 ADVERBS. 
 dm fcbretbt fcfyott, aber tbre ©cf)tt>ejter fcfyrabt fcfyoner 
 
 Eve writes beautifully, but her sister writes more beautifully, 
 
 imb ©tfabetfy fdhretbt am fcbonftem Sarah jlngt gut, 
 
 and Elizabeth writes at the most beautiful. Sarah sings well, 
 
 aber SDtargaretfye flttgt bejfer unb ?ecttere ftrtgt am beftem 
 
 but Margaret sings better, and Eleonor sings at the best. 
 
 3u(iu3 fcfyretbt rid)% ©ie fprecfyen ju kife. ©precfyen ©ie 
 
 Julius writes correctly. They speak too low. Speak They 
 
 tank ©precfyen ©ie tauter* ©te reben ju fcbrtefiL 9teben 
 
 aloud. Speak They more loudly. They speak too quickly. Speak 
 
 ©ie fattgfam, (angfamer* ©te banbette ftug. @x f)at 
 
 They slowly, more slowly. She acted prudently. He has 
 
 fiiiger gebanbett @r bat ebrltrf) gebanbelt* @r rtef taut. 
 
 more prudently acted. He has honestly acted. He cried aloud. 
 
 @r lerttt fleigig- ©te fpradf) aufrtcfyttg* @r trtnft 
 
 He learns diligently. She spoke uprightly. He drinks 
 
 imm&fng. SDBtr fmb fcetftg batten itberjeugt (Sr bbvtc 
 
 immoderately. We are fully thereof convinced. He heard 
 
 xt>r aufmerffam jiu £te betben ?tebenben tt>aren 
 
 to her attentively to. The both lovers were 
 
 anaa^fprecfyttrf) gfMltcf). @r gejlanb offen, ba# er e3 getfyatt 
 
 inexpressibly happy. He confessed openly that he it done 
 
 fyabe* @r fyat fie grobltrf) beletbtgt ©te tft ganj imrubtg* 
 
 have. He has her grossly offended. She is quite uneasy. 
 
 ©cfyretben ©te betttlicf), beurttcfyer* ©te bat mid) brtngenb* 
 
 Write They plainly, more plainly. She begged me urgently. 
 
 3d) bin Sbnen mtenbltcf) fcerbunberu 
 
 1 am to Them infinitely obliged. 
 
 Obs, — In German, the adverb is not formed from the 
 adjective by a special termination, as is the case in 
 English ; but the adjective in its original form, that is 
 not inflected according to gender or case, serves as an 
 adverb. This applies as well to the positive as to the 
 comparative and superlative degrees. 
 
 Eve writes prettily, but her sister writes more prettily, 
 and Elizabeth writes the most prettily. Sarah sings 
 
184 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 well, but Margaret sings better, and Eleonor sings the 
 best. Julias writes correctly. You speak too low. 
 Speak aloud. Speak more loudly. You speak too 
 quickly. Speak slowly, more slowly. She acted 
 prudently. He acted more prudently. He has acted 
 honestly. He cried aloud. He studies diligently. She 
 spoke sincerely. He drinks immoderately. We are 
 perfectly convinced of it. He listened to her atten- 
 tively. The two lovers were inexpressibly happy. He 
 openly confessed that he had done it. He offended 
 her grossly. She is quite uneasy. Write plainly, more 
 plainly. She entreated me. I am infinitely obliged to 
 you. 
 
 ©ie fmgt atterttebpt. (iv ijat un$ aufg fyofltcfyfle 
 
 She sings most charmingly. He has us on the most polite 
 
 erfudit, aufjujleben* (Scbert @te miv giittgft meute 
 
 requested up to stand. Gire They to me most kindly my 
 
 £anbfd)ube, <&a$m Sie tmr gefautgjl, nnetriel Ufyr eg 
 
 gloves. Tell They to me most pleasingly how much clock it 
 
 tjt <23 tfi l)6rf)fl einfad). (gte ifi ait^crorbentlid) gefcfytdft. 
 
 is. It is extremely simple. She is extraordinarily skilful. 
 
 Org ifl tt)m ho&fft nacfttbetiig* dv gritgte fte aufg fcer* 
 
 It is to him extremely^ injurious. He saluted her on the most 
 
 bmbttcfyfie, (§r empftng uxi$ aufS freitnbfcf)aftltct)fle* 
 
 polite. He received us on the most amicable. 
 
 She sings most charmingly. He most politely 
 requested us to rise. Give me my gloves, if you please. 
 Tell me, if you please, what o'clock it is. It is most 
 simple. She is uncommonly skilful. It is extremely 
 injurious to him. He saluted her in a most polite 
 manner. He received us most amicably. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE DATIVE. 
 
 (St toofyttt Get &ernt fd. Qahen ®ie fern ©etb bet 
 
 He lives at to Mr. B. Hare They no money at 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 185 
 
 fid) ? 3df) bin bet gnter ©efnnbbeit* 2Btr n>aren bet 
 
 to themselves 1 I am at to good health. We were at 
 
 £ifcbe, ate ber grembe anfanu ?efen Sie bet ?tcbt ? @r 
 
 to table, when the stranger on came. Read They by to light 1 He 
 
 nabm fie bet ber ftanb* (gr n>obnt bicfyt bet mir* 3Bir 
 
 took her -by to the hand. He lives closely by tome. We 
 
 wobnen nabe bet ber ^3ojl+ Set meiner Sinfunft in ber ©tabt 
 
 live near by to the post. At to my arrival in to the city 
 
 fanb id) tyri franf* 3rf) fomme narf) 3bnen+ Jftetfen Sie 
 
 found I him sick. I come after to Them. Travel They 
 
 narf) 3L ? ©ie traten ©iter narf) bent Unbent em* @3 ifr 
 
 after to A.I They stepped one after to the other into It is 
 
 Dter narf) meiner Ubr* ©ie itmrfce Don tbm gettebt* S3 
 
 four after to my watch. She was from to him loved. It 
 
 uurb Don grofem Jingen feim 2Btr ft>aren Don fteben bi$ 
 
 will of to great use be. We were from seven till 
 
 nenn Ubr bet ibrn. dv fcbrieb Don ferf)3 bii ad)t llbr* 3d) 
 
 nine clock at to him. He wrote from six till eight clock. I 
 
 liebe fie ^on gcmjem £eqen* Sr tfi ein grennb Don mir. 
 
 love her from to whole heart. - He is a friend of to me. 
 
 Scfyttfen Sie ben 9?crf jn bem 2d)iteiber- 3* 1 ^em o>zbm 
 
 Send They the coat to to the tailor. To to whom go 
 
 Sie ? 3d) ging jii ^nf e. @r reif te ju ^Pferbe* £>er DtccJ 
 
 They ^ I went at to foot. He travelled at to horse. The coat 
 
 ift ai\$ feinem £nrf)e gemacbt <2r that e3 an3 Unttnfienbeit 
 
 is out to fine cloth made. He did it out to ignorance. 
 
 3rf) toaxf e£ au$ bem genjler* Sagen Sie e3 auger ibr 
 
 I threw it out to the window. Tell They it besides to her 
 
 Diiemaub* @r fpeif'te auper bem £aufe* @S ift au£er allem 
 
 to nobody. He dined out to the house It is out to all 
 
 3toeifeL & faufte einige 25tu+er nebft einer Sanbfarte* 
 
 doubt. He bought several books together with to a map, 
 
 3d) etbielt ben 33rtef mit ber ^ofh ©eben Sie mit mir. 
 
 I received the letter with to the mail. Go They with to me. 
 
 dv gebt feit bem erften September in bie (Erfntfe* 3rf) babe 
 
 He goes since to the first September into the school. I have 
 
 ibn feit feiner Dfatcffebr nid)t gefebeiu 33tmten Dter SScrfjen 
 
 him since to his return not seen. Within to four weeks 
 
 febrt cr jurficf. 3Btr roobnen ber birdie gegenitber* Sffiir 
 
 turns he back. We live to the church opposite. We 
 
 tt>obnen gegen ibm fiber* SBBtr gingen ibnen entgegetn 
 
 live against to him over. We went to them towards. 
 
 QKadjen ®ie e$ tbrem SBunfcfje gemap* £a£ i\l mir gtmnfcer. 
 
 Make They it to her wish according. That is to me contrary. 
 
 £aS ift bem ©efefce juwiber^ 
 
 That in to the law contrary. 
 
186 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 He is living with Mr. B. Have you no money 
 with you ? I am in good health. We were at table 
 when the stranger arrived. Do you read by candle- 
 light ? He took her by the hand. He lives close by 
 me. We reside near the post-office. On my arrival 
 in town I found him sick. I come after you. Do you 
 travel to A. ? They stepped in one after the other. 
 It is four o'clock by my watch. She was loved by 
 him. It will be of great use. We were with him 
 from seven till nine o'clock. He wrote from six till 
 eight o'clock. I love you with all my heart. He is a 
 friend of mine. Send the coat to the tailor's. Whom 
 are you going to see ? I went on foot. He travelled 
 on horseback. The coat is made of fine cloth. He 
 did it out of ignorance. I threw it out of the window. 
 Tell it to nobody besides her. He dined out of the 
 house. It is beyond all doubt. He bought several 
 books, together with a map. I received the letter by 
 mail. Go with me. He has been going to school 
 since the first of September. I have not seen him since 
 his return. He will return within four weeks. We 
 live opposite the church. We live opposite his house. 
 We went to meet them. Do it according to her wish. 
 I have an aversion to that. That is contrary to law. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE ACCUSATIVE. 
 
 3d) tt>erbe 3fyneu ba$ 25utf) burrf) memeu 33ebteutett 
 
 I shall to Them the book through my servant 
 
 fcfyttfem dv fcmb mid) buvd) Sufatf* 28w retften buret) 
 
 send. He found me through chance. We travelled through 
 
 £)l)to* 2Bot(en ©te bag fur mid) tfyuu ? 5E8tetue( rcoUeit 
 
 Ohio. Will 1 ^iey that for me do 1 How much will 
 
 ©te fur bag $}au$ gebeu ? @r mvb gegeu bret Ufyr f ommen. 
 
 They for the house give 1 He will towards three clock come. 
 
 (gr fycmbdte gegeu memen SSBtKeu* ©egeu bag Q£\\t>e beg 
 
 He acted against my will. Towards the end of the 
 
 yjlcnat$ werbe id) abretfem ©te fmb atte gegeu thin ©te 
 
 month shall I depart. They are all against him. She 
 
 fyat erne Slbueiguug gegeu tfytt. dx war fet)r giittg gegeu 
 
 has an aversion against him. He was very kind towards 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 187 
 
 mid). ©te ift elm gremtbe unb cfyne aSemcmbte* 3d) 
 
 me. She is without friends and without relatives. I 
 
 fanb e3 ofyne 5SKii()e. @3 war urn SRtttag, 2Bir gefyen um 
 
 found it without trouble. It was about noon. We go about 
 
 3efyn Ufyr ju SSette unb ftefyen um fed)3 Uf)r auf* Sltte feme 
 
 ten clock to bed, and stand about six clock up. All his 
 
 $tnber maren unx ilm, &l$ er flavb. 3Str gingen x\m ba$ 
 
 children were about him when he died. We went about the 
 
 §au$ fyerum* (£r nnrb jTe um xt>r @etb betriigetu & ifl 
 
 house round. He will her about her money cheat. He is 
 
 ttn'ber meuten SBttfen au^gegangem 
 
 contrary my will out gone. 
 
 I shall send you the book through my servant. He 
 found me by chance. We travelled through Ohio. 
 Will you do that for me ? How much will you give 
 for the house ? He will come about three o'clock. He 
 acted contrary to my will. I shall depart towards the 
 end of the month. They are all against him. She 
 has an aversion to him. He was very kind to me. 
 She is without any friends and relatives. I found it 
 without trouble. It was about noon. We go to bed at 
 ten o'clock, and rise at six. All his children were about 
 him when he died. We went round the house. He 
 will cheat her out of her money. He went out contrary 
 to my will. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE DATIVE AND 
 ACCUSATIVE. 
 
 Stn n>en fd)vet6en 0c ? 2(n n>en abrefftren ©te ben SSrief? 
 
 On whom write They ? On whom address They the letter 1 
 
 3d) erfannte tfytt an femern ©artge* dv tft an ber ©cfyttnnb* 
 
 I recognised him on to his ^*ait . He is on to the consump- 
 
 fud)t geftortem @r tjat Ue6erftu# an 3!ftem* Stn emern 
 
 tion died. He has abundance on to all. On to a 
 
 fcf)6nen ©ommermorgen gingen mv auf$ 2anb* £a3 portrait 
 
 fine summer-morning went we upon the country. The portrait 
 
 fydttgt an ber 2Banbl 25te 9?eif)e tft an Sfynett* £te3 S3«d) 
 
 hangs on to the wall. The turn is on to Them. The book 
 
 Itegt anf bem £tfd)e* ?egen ©te e£ auf ben £tfd)* Setfyen 
 
 lies on to the table. Lay They it on the table. Lend 
 
 ©te e£ mtr auf bret £age* Sffierben ©te btefen ©ommer 
 
 They it to me on three days. Will They this summer 
 
188 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 aitfg ?anb geben? dv tfl auf bem ?anbe* SBie fange ttaren 
 
 on the country go 1 He is on to the country. How long were 
 
 ©ie auf ber See ? @r Derlte$ mid) auf einige 3eit ©ie ifl 
 
 They on to the seal He left me on some time. She is 
 
 jMj auf t!)re ©d)6nf)eih 23erlaffen ©ie ftd) auf meine 
 
 proud on her beauty. Depend They themselves upon my 
 
 23emiif)ungen* 3d) nritt U$ fteben Ubr auf tbn warteiu £er 
 
 efforts. I will till seven clock on him wait. The 
 
 @arten tjt btnter bem £aufe* ©ie trat fyinter ibren 33atet\ 
 
 garden is behind to the house. She stepped behind her father. 
 
 3d) n>ct)ue im jmeiten Storf* (§x ifi tin ©artem @r wofynt 
 
 I live in to the second story. He is in to the garden. He lives 
 
 m S3* 9ii it toavexx tit ber $ircbe* 9K3tr geben in ba$ 
 
 in to B. We were in to the church. We go into the 
 
 gbeater, d$ ift feme ginte im giutenfajfe* (3k$en 
 
 theatre. It is no ink in to the inkstand. Pour 
 
 ©ie em>a£ Zinte tit ba$ Zintenfa$. dv flanb mitten im 
 
 They some ink into the inkstand. He stood amidst in to the 
 
 ©ebrange* ©inb ©ie in ©efd)dften bier ? dv fag neben 
 
 crowd. Are They in to business here! He sat near 
 
 tyv* 3d) fcste mid) neben ibn* 2>er S3rief ttegt neben bem 
 
 to her. I seated myself near him. The letter lies near to the 
 
 33ud)e. Ueber ber £bur ifl eine 2luffd)rifh 3d) babe nut 
 
 book. Above to the door is an inscription. I have with 
 
 ibm itber 3bre Slngelegenfyeit gefprod)en> dv ift mir itber 
 
 to him about Their affair spoken. He is to me over 
 
 taufenb £otfar£ fcfyulbig* dv tjt itber gn>ei SS?cd)en franf 
 
 thousand dollars owing. He is over two weeks sick 
 
 geroefetu dv reif te itber ^. nad) & £er £unb ttegt unter 
 
 been. He travelled over P. after to C. The dog lies under 
 
 bem gtfcfye, dv legt fid) unter ben Ztfd). Stnton ifr ber 
 
 to the table. He lays himself under the table. Anthony is the 
 
 ftetptgfte unter meinen ©cfyttlmt* dv wagte jTct) nid)t 
 
 most4ndustrious among to my pupils. He ventured himself not 
 
 unter ft'e* gitrcfytett ©ie ftd) Dor tt)tn ? £bun ©ie ba3 
 
 among them. Fear They themselves before to him 1 Do They that 
 
 Dor alien £ittgem 2Sor brei £agetu SSor einem Sabre. 
 
 before to all things. Before to three days. Before to a year. 
 
 ©ie ffanb Dor bem Spiegel* dv fommt Dor mir* 
 
 She stood before to the looking-glass. He comes before to me. 
 
 3d) Iteg ibn Dor mid) fommen* dv jtcmb jttrifdjen feinen 
 
 I let him before me come. He stood between to his 
 
 betben ©tf)tt>ef*erm 2M3 &au$ jlefyt $n>ifd)en $wti ©artem 
 
 both sisters. The house stands between to two gardens 
 
 dv trat jwifcfyen fte* 
 
 He stepped between them. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 189 
 
 Obs. — The above prepositions govern the accusative, 
 when they convey the idea of motion towards a place 
 or reference to a subject, and they govern the dative, 
 when they denote rest in or motion within a place. 
 
 To whom are you writing? To whom do you address 
 the letter ? I recognised him by his gait. He died of 
 consumption. He has every thing in abundance. One 
 fine summer-morning we went into the country. The 
 portrait hangs by the wall. It is your turn. The book is 
 lying on the table. Lay it on the table. Lend it to me for 
 three days. Will you go into the country this summer ? 
 He is in the country. How long were you at sea ? 
 He left me for some time. She is proud of her beauty. 
 Rely upon my efforts. 1 will wait for him until seven 
 o'clock. The garden is behind the house. She 
 stepped behind her father. I live on the second 
 floor. He is in the garden. He lives in B. We were 
 at church. We were going to the theatre. There is 
 no ink in the inkstand. Pour some ink into the ink- 
 stand. He stood in the midst of the crowd. Are you 
 here on business ? He sat near her. I sat down by 
 him. The letter lies near the book. An inscription 
 is above the door. I spoke to him about your affair. 
 He owes me upward of a thousand dollars. He has 
 been sick upward of two weeks. He travelled to C. 
 by P. The dog is lying beneath the table. He lays 
 himself under the table. Anthony is the most indus- 
 trious among my pupils. He did not venture to go 
 among them. Are you afraid of him ? Do this first 
 of all. Three days since. A year ago. She stood be- 
 fore the looking-glass. He comes before me. I made 
 him appear before me. He stood between his two 
 sisters. The house stands between two gardens. He 
 stepped between them. 
 
 PREPOSITIONS GOVERNING THE GENITIVE. 
 
 28dftrent> fetner ^ranfbett teforgte id) fern ©efcftdft 3d) 
 
 During: of his sickness attended I his business. I 
 
190 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 fyafce fte todfyrenb nteitteg Siufentfyalteg in 33. jmetmat befudjt 
 
 have her during of my stay in to B. twice visited. 
 
 3d) lobe jTe xbrer S3efrf)etbettt)ett wegem 3d) tl)at eg feinet^ 
 
 1 praise her of her modesty on account. I did it of him 
 
 n>egen. iiv tt>at eg 3f)rettt>egem £fyan ©ie eg ntetnet* 
 
 on account. He did it of Them on account. Do They it of me 
 
 ttegen. 3dj werbe eg urn 3fyrettt>ttfen tfymt- Urn beg 
 
 on account. I shall it about of Them sake do. About of the 
 
 £tmmelg ttnllen fyaben ©ie 9Kttteib mit mir* 3d) war au£er* 
 
 heaven sake have They pity with to me. I was out- 
 
 balb beg £aufeg. Die (girf)e |W)t augerfyalb beg ©artenS. 
 
 side of the house. The oak stands outside of the garden. 
 
 @x toirb imterfyafb brei ©ttmben ferttg fein* Dberfyalb beg 
 
 He will within of three hours done be. Above of the 
 
 $trd)t)ofg xjl eine Sffiiefe, imterfyalb befietben tft eine Slttee* 
 
 church-yard is a meadow, below of it is a walk. 
 
 Dag £aug ]tebt jenfext beg ghtjfeg* 3Bir rootyneit 
 
 The house stands on the other side of the river. We live 
 
 bieffeit befietbetu @r xvobnt innerfyatb brei SD^etlen fcon 
 
 on this side of it. He lives within of three miles from 
 
 bier* Der ^farrer tt>ot)ttt unroett ber $ird)e* ©efyeii ©te 
 
 here. The minister lives not far of the church. Go They 
 
 anffatt fetner t)in* 9Diittelfi enter ©cbere fontten ©ie ba^ 
 
 instead of him there. By means of a scissors can They the 
 
 $Qad)$ti\<$) jerfcfynetbeiu Ungead)tet feineg 9teid)tt)itmg t{i 
 
 oil-cloth cut. Notwithstanding of his wealth is 
 
 er ung(ucf(id)+ @r erfangte biefe $ennttufie (pi.) fcermoge fei* 
 
 he unhappy.' He acquired this knowledge by means of 
 
 neg glet^eg. 
 
 his industry. 
 
 During his sickness I attended to his business. I 
 called upon her twice during my stay in P. I praise 
 her on account of her modesty. I did it for his sake. 
 He did it for your sake. Do it for my sake. I shall 
 do it for your sake. For heaven's sake have pity on 
 me. I was out of the house. The oak stands out- 
 side of the garden. He will be done within three hours. 
 Next above the church-yard is a meadow; below it 
 there is a walk. The house stands on the other side 
 of the river. We live on this side of it. He lives with- 
 in three miles of this place. The minister resides not 
 far from the church. Go there instead of him. With 
 a pair of scissors you can cut the oil-cloth. Notwith- 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 191 
 
 standing all his wealth he is unhappy. He acquired 
 this knowledge by dint of industry. 
 
 AND THE GENITIVE OR ACCUSATIVE. 
 
 2Btr gmgett IdngS ber £iijte fpajierett. SQ3ir fubrett ldrtg3 
 
 We went along of the coast to walk. We rode along 
 
 ben SBBtefem @r felgte tbr bte ganje Strape entlang* 3^ 
 
 to the meadows. He followed to her the whole street along. Accord- 
 
 fofge femes StoftrageS or feinem Sluftrage jufotge fanbten toiv 
 
 ing of his order, or, to his order according, sent we 
 
 ibm erne £ijte SfBaarem 
 
 to him a box of goods. 
 
 We took a walk along the coast. We took a ride 
 for pleasure along the meadows. He followed her all 
 along the street. According to his order we sent him 
 a box of goods. 
 
 CONJUNCTIONS. 
 
 granj tjl nidjt aufmerffam, and) bat er feme 3tafga6e mcfct 
 
 Francis is not attentive, also has he his exercise not 
 
 gemctcfyt. 3d) fernte 3hren greimb ttidjt, and) babe id) me 
 
 made. I know Their friend not, also have I never 
 
 *>on tbm gebort* 3d) anterricfyte fon>oM feme ©ofyne ate 
 
 of to him heard. I instruct so well his sons as 
 
 and) feme Z6d)tev. ©te fprtcbt fmojft franjofffd) ate and) 
 
 also his daughters. She speaks so well French as also 
 
 beutfrfh (it tji nidjt mtr febr refd), fonbem and) febr 
 
 German. He is not only very rich, hut also very 
 
 aitgefebem 2Dtr waren and) ba* @r bat nidjt atfetn bte 
 
 respected. We were also there. He has not only the 
 
 Sntereffen, fettbern and) ba$ Capital Derforem ^ommen 
 
 interest, but also the capital lost. Come 
 
 Sie enttoeber urn fcier ober urn fed)$ Ubr* 3d) erwartete 
 
 They either about four or about six clock. I expected 
 
 ibn, after er fam nidjt. Spvecben Sie nxebt writ ibm, fonbern 
 
 him, but he came not. Speak They not with to him, but 
 
 mit tbr* 3d) ioat nidjt tm theater, fonbem im Scnjerte* 
 
 with to her. I was not in to the theatre, but in to the concert. 
 
 3ene3 S3ud) i)~t rceber befebrenb nod) nntevbaltenb. 3d) 
 
 That book is neither instructive nor entertaining, I 
 
192 EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 
 
 tt>etp nicfyt, ob er meinen 23rtef erfyaften §at cber nicfyt 
 
 know not whether he my letter received has or not. 
 
 3d) tt>et£ ntdjt, ob er jurudfommen n>irb* 3d) fragte tl^n, 
 
 I know not, if he back come will. I asked him, 
 
 ob er mitgeben tootfe. Qv fieiite jTd), ate ob er ntd)t£ 
 
 if he with to go be willing. He placed himself as if, he nothing 
 
 bawxx ttmf?te> 3cb ad)te fie eben fo febr n>ie ttytt* £aben 
 
 thereof knew. I esteem her just so much as him. Have 
 
 (gie fond mcfytS ju fagen ? Cgttet r fonfl: fommt 3br ju fpdt. 
 
 They else nothing to say 1 Hasten, else come you too late. 
 
 (gr Bettor Sltteg, ja fogar feme golbene Ubr. 5Btr gingen ju 
 
 He lost all, yes, even his golden watch. We went to 
 
 itnferm greunbe, nm ibn um Diatb $u fragen- £a$ 
 
 to our friend, in order him abcut advice to a^k. ILat 
 
 roirb ibm nm )o tteber feut. Dbgleid) er febr fhtg 
 
 will to him about so more agreeable be. Though he very prudent 
 
 ift, fo nurb er bod) oft betrogen* SDbgfeid) er febr reid) ifl, 
 
 is, so is he yet often deceived. Though he very rich is, 
 
 fo ift er bcdh febr fparfam* 3d) fanb e£ nid)t, obgleid) id) e3 
 
 so is he yet very saving. I found it not, though I it 
 
 femge finite* (gr farm weber lefen nod) fcfyreibem SJKe 
 
 long sought. He can neither read nor write. All 
 
 waxen ba bi$ auf ©item 3d) fann ntdjt mit 3bnen 
 
 were there till on one. I can not with to Them 
 
 gcben, benn id) mnp arbeiten* 3d) tt>eip H, obu>ot)( er mid) 
 
 go, for I must work. I know it, though he me 
 
 ntd)t bauon benacbrid)tigt bat. @3 tt>irb immer bnnHer* dv 
 
 not thereof informed lias. It grows always darker. He 
 
 ttnrb immer fd)macber. (grjdblen Sie im$ bod) bte &ad)e. 
 
 becomes always weaker. Helate They to us yet the matter. 
 
 3e mebr man fpricbt nnb febreibt, befto fcbneller erlernt man 
 
 The more one speaks and writes, the more quickly learns one 
 
 eine ©prcute. (£v fanfte bas Such, tozil e£ ibm empfot)* 
 
 a language. He bought the book, because it to him recommend- 
 
 [en umrbe* Xa$ SOBetter i\t jwoar fd)6n, mbeffen werbe id) 
 
 ed was. The weather is, it is true, beautiful, however, shall I 
 
 bettte nid)t cmSgeben* 
 
 to-day not out go. 
 
 Obs. — Conjunctions which commence phrases, gener- 
 ally require the verb at the end, excepting nnb, a b e r, 
 a He in, f onbern, benn, and obe r, which leave the verb 
 immediately after the subject. But fo, bejT: o, bafyer, 
 in b e f f e n, and a few more, require the subject to be 
 placed after the verb. The conjunctions and) and a b e r 
 may be used either at the beginning or in the middle 
 of a phrase. 
 
EASY LESSONS IN GERMAN. 193 
 
 Frar3is is not attentive, nor has he done his exer- 
 cise, i do not know your friend, nor have I ever 
 heard of him. I instruct both his sons and his daugh- 
 ters. She speaks both French and German. He is 
 not on! z very wealthy, but also very respectable. We 
 also were there. He lost not only the interest, but also 
 the capital, Come either at four or at six o'clock. 
 I expected him, but he did not come. Do not speak 
 with him, but with her. I was not at the theatre, but 
 at the concert. That book is neither instructive nor 
 entertaining. I dp not know whether he has received 
 my letter or not. I do not know if he will come back, 
 I aske him whether he was willing to come along. 
 He act^d as if he did know of it. I esteem her as 
 much as him. Have you nothing else to say ? Hasten, 
 else you will come too late. He lost every thing, 
 even his gold watch. We went to see our friend to 
 consult him. That will be so much the more agree- 
 able to him. Though he is very prudent, yet he is 
 often ceceived. Though he is very wealthy, yet he is 
 very s .ving. I did not find it, though I looked for it 
 long. He can neither read nor write. All were there 
 but one. I cannot go with you, for I have to work. I 
 know it, though he did not inform me of it. It is 
 growing darker and darker. He is becoming weaker 
 and weaker. Do give us an account of the matter. 
 The more we speak and write, the more quickly we 
 acquire a language. He purchased the book, because it 
 had been recommended to him. The weather, it is 
 true, ls fair, however, I shall not go out to-day. 
 
'J.E.H* 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 If 
 
 
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