^"I'^-'Hr^ CROWN SERIES OF HISTORICAL OUTLINES BY SEVERE E. FROST English History H DALLAS, TEXAS THE SOUTHERN PUBLISHING CO. 1915 FOREWORD 2> This OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY is a part of a series of five volumes of outlines and out- line-maps covering the definite areas of Ancient, Mediaeval and Modern, English, United States (elementary), and American History. The PURPOSE of this outline, in common with the kindred volumes, is to render more readily available the subject matter of the scope it covers in the most systematic and logical vi^ay possible. The NEED for such outlines is apparent. History is accumulative and is already too vast in extent to be comprehended except by means of the "high lights." The general survey used in this outline of English History divides the field into eight distinct parts and follows such classification as seems most natural. On page ONE will be found the general division of the subject. The PLAN followed in this outline is to indicate the part of the field to be surveyed at the top of the page in bold type preceded by the initial letter used on page one. This is followed by the assignment containing references to three standard texts, namely — Cheyney, Andrews, and Montgomery. This in turn is followed by the presentation, a brief survey of the area under consideration. After this is a detailed out- line containing first the main divisions of the field and then their respective divisions and subdivisions. At the close of the lesson is a statement of the object which attempts to set forth a definite idea or goal. Hence a careful study of the ASSIGNMENT in the light of the PRESENTATION guided by the OUT- LINE to a definite OBJECT the pupil should more easily grasp the content of the subject and the teacher be assisted in making the work more vital. Outline-maps are placed at advantageous points in the book for illustrative purposes. The use of the EXPONENT in the body of the outline is merely to indicate the relation of the topic which it precedes to the main division of the subject under consideration. To illustrate — 3^ of 6 on page 45 under Tudor England shows that the word AUTHORITY occupies third position from Henry VIII. and should be read — "The authority of the Star Chamber Court in the Preservation of order under Henry VIII." These outlines are the results of my own experience in teaching and helping high-school pupils to gather from the experiences of the race such of the essential elements of personal and national character which have contributed to the making of our present-day civilization and they are sent on their mission to both teachers and pupils with the hope that they will contribute something of real worth to the better apprecia- tion of the subject of history. Severe E. Frost. Fort Worth, Texas. Copyright, 1915 By severe E. FROST li^cfi LRiahts Reserved 1915 '-'lAU' ENGLISH HISTORY PRESENTATION: English History should be thought of as one of the many divisions of Euro- pean History, differing only in those characteristics which arise from environments indigenous to particu- lar localities. The human family has been so long scattered abroad that the so-called racial elements have become an important factor in modern study which tends to gather again the mass of humanity into the folds of a common brotherhood. So it comes around that the Roman and the Celt and the Norman and the Saxon, kinsmen of old, meet again in the valley of the Thames and make their contributions — their gath- erings of the centuries — to the foundation of modern England. ENGLISH HISTORY: PAGE A. Prehistoric Britain 2 (? to 55 B.C.). B. Roman Britain 5 (55 B. C. 10410 A. D.). C. Saxon England 9 (410 to 1066). D. Norman England 21 (1066 to 1154). E. Angevin England 26 (1154 to 1485). F. Tudor England 45 (1485 to 1603). G. Stuart England 62 (1603 to 1714)- H. Hanoverian England 84 (1714 to 19—). OBJECT: The object or purpose of this outline is to set forth in a concise form the entire field of English History that the student will, at a glance, comprehend something of the content of the subject. This outline should be committed to memory. PREHISTORIC BRITAIN ' (? to 55 B. C). ASSIGNMENT : Cheyney— Chapters i and 2. Andrews — Sections i and 2 of chapter i, Montgomery — Period i. PRESENTATION: The prehistoric period of English History is not a study for the student of his- tory so much as for the student of archaeology. The history student should, however, have some knowl- edge of these early eons of time upon which to rest inferences and interpretations. A. PREHISTORIC BRITAIN: I. Geography of the Country. 1. The British Isles. i^. Their relative position and geological similarity to the continent. 2^. Importance emphasized by geographical position. 3-. Area compared to Texas. Area of British Isles 121,391 sq. miles. 2. The Coast and Rivers. 1^. Cliff-bound coast on the south and west. 2^. Low-lying shore on the southeast and east. 3^. Number and character of the rivers. 4-. The advantages. 3. The Surface. I-. In the southeast; possible industries. 2°. In the center ; possible industries. 3". In the north and west; possible industries. 4. Climate, — i^. Mean temperature, rainfall, etc. 2^. Causes of the general climatic conditions. 3". Changeableness, fog districts, etc. 5. Forests and Swamps, — I-. Locations and extent. 2-. As shown in literature. 6. Natural Products, — I-. The minerals; tin, lead, copper, clay, iron, and coal. 2-. Timber (look up the kinds). 3-. Live-stock: cattle, sheep, swine, etc. 4^. Fisheries. II. The People,— 1. The Prehistoric Races. I-. Evidences: skeletons, ornaments, drawings, and weapons. 2. Divisions, — . . i^ Paleolithic, Old Stone Age, what they attained. 2-. Neolithic, Polished Stone Age, what they attained. 3^. Bronze, Age of Metals, what they attained. 3. Their contribution to the historic peoples. I-. The use of fire. 2^ The domestication of many plants and animals. 3^. The rudiments of a language and a religion. OBJECT: The object of this outline is to present the physical foundations upon which has devel- oped the great English nation of the present. NOTE: The geography of the British Isles should be studied in connection with a good physical map showing the western half of the continent. Use the outline map on the following page to illustrate this lesson. SHOW ON THIS MAP THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ENG- LAND AND WESTERN EUROPE (— ROMAN BRITAIN (55 B. C. to 410 A. D.) ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapter 3. Andrews — Sections 2 and 3 of chapter i. Montgomery — Period 3. PRESENTATION: Roman Britain is that period of English history extending from the coming of Julius Caesar, 55 B. C, to the withdrawal of the Roman soldiers from the island by Honorius, the Roman Emperor, 410 A. D. B. ROMAN BRITAIN: 1. Caesar's Invasions. I-. Reason for crossing the channel. 2^. What he found and accomplished. 2. ,The Celtic Peoples. i^ The Brythons,— Their location, industries, government and religion. 2^. The Goidels, — Their location and importance. 3°. The Picts and Caledonians, — Their location and importance. 3. The Roman Conquest. i^. The influence of exiled native chieftains upon the Romans of Gaul. 2-. Roman government established at Camulodunum by Claudius Caesar. 3^. The capture of Caractacus. 4^. The establishment of a Roman garrison on the island of Mona. 5^. Insurrection of the Iceni; — i'. Causes,— I*. General. 2*. Specific. 2^. Events. 3^. Results. 4. The Romanizing of the Provinces, — Work of Julius Agricola, 78 to 85 A. D. 5. Growth of Roman Towns in Britain. i^. In Celtic times. 2^. In Roman times. 3^. Military centers. 1^. Isca — station for the 2nd Roman Legion. 2^. Eboracum — station for the 6th Roman Legion. 3^. Deva — station for the 20th Roman Legion. 4^. Character of the inhabitants. 5-. How Roman towns and cities are known. 6. Roman building. i^. Materials used. 2^. Character of buildings and walls. 3^. Example — Hadrian's Wall. 7. Rural Life. The villas, evidences of a high civilization. 8. Roman Roads. i^. Purposes. 2^. Construction. 3^. Locate on outline-map the four cardinal roads entering London. 9. Industries. i^. Mining and smelting of the metals. 2^. Agriculture and stock-raising. 3^. Manufacturing and commerce. 10. Language and Religion. i^. Latin language prevalent. Celtic not found. 2^. Roman deities worshipped. 3^. Christianity introduced by individuals. ROMAN BRITAIN 11. Causes of decay of Roman Britain. i^. Roman militarism. 2^. Barbarian invasions. 12. Withdrawal of the Roman troops. i^. Ambitious provincial governors a cause of weakness. I^. Clemens Maximus. 2^. Constantine III. 2^. Order from Honorius for local defense. 13. Relapse into Barbarism. i^. Celtic savage simplicity prevented by the fact of a mixed race. 2-. The gift of Roman militarism ; no government, no national feeling, no force or capacity for self-protection. A period of confusion with civilization dead, Christianity gone, and all physical properties in a state of decay. OBJECT: The object of most value to be sought in this lesson, aside from the knowledge of the facts concerning the Roman Provincial Government, is that the Roman civilization did not civilize. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS SHOW ON THIS MAP THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS, TOWNS, ROADS, AND HADRIAN'S WALL. SAXON ENGLAND (410 to 1066). ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapters 4, 5, and 6 to section 78. Andrews — From section 5 of chapter i through chapters 2, 3, and 4. Montgomery — Period 4. PRESENTATION : Saxon England is divided into the early, the later, and the Danish periods. The former extends from 410 to 830, the latter from 830 to 975, and the Danish from 975 to 1066. It tells the stcry of the settlement in Britain of the various Teutonic tribes from the continent and the sub- sequent struggles and adjustments until the Saxon people made themselves the acknowledged masters of England. C. SAXON ENGLAND: I. Early Saxon England, 410 to 830 A. D. 1. The Settlements of the Teutonic Tribes. I-. Jutes. 2-. Saxons. ■ : 3-. Angles. 4-. The legendary invitation to the sea rovers. 2. The Early Kingdoms. (The Heptarchy). I-. Angles settled in : i^. Northumbria. i'. Bernicia. 2'. Deira. 2^. Mercia. 3^. Iceni. r'. North Folk. 2'. South Folk 2^. The Saxons, settled in: i^. East Saxony — Essex. 2''. jMiddle Saxony — Middlesex. 3''. South Saxony — Sussex. 4-'. West Saxony — Wessex. 3^. The Jutes, settled in : i^. Kent. 2". Isle of Wight. 3. The New Race. I-. A composite character. 2-. Dominated by Teutonic language, religion, government, and customs. 4. The New Language. I-. Teutonic — Low German. 2-. "English" began by writing Teutonic words in Latin. 3-. Verbal Teutonic stories and personifications of nature constituted a ready-made literature. i^. Beowulf. 2^. Ruined Burgh. 5. Religion of the Anglo-Saxons. I-. Teutonic superstition. 2-. Not so strong an influence as among the Britons. 6. The Government of the Anglo-Saxons. I-. Chieftains of the migratory tribes became kings. 2'-. Family organizations most important. 3-. No equality of classes. 4-. Custom was law. ; 7. Barbarism. I-. The Anglo-Saxon feeling towards towns. 2". The Anglo-Saxon feeling for commerce. 3-. The four cardinal roads of the Anglo-Saxons. i^ Watling Street. 2^. Ermine Street. 3^. Icknield-way. 4^. Fosse-way. 4^. Existence of coined money. _ SAXON ENGLAND ( 8. Mission of St. Augustine (597). i^. The Story of Gregory at the Roman slave market. 2^. Bertha, Ethelbert's Queen, a Christian. 3^. The meeting of Ethelbert and St. Augustine. 4-. Augustine the Archbishop of the English. 5^. St. Martin at Canterbury, the first place of worship. 9. The Conversion of Northumbria. i^. Progress of Christianity, in the South and Center, after death of Ethelbert. 2^ Marriage of Edwin to a Kentish princess. 3^ Work of Paulinus. 10. The Scottish Missions. i^. The effect of the conquest of Northumbria by king of Mercia. 2^. Lindisfarne established by Aidan. 3^. Work of the missionaries of Lindisfarne. 4^. Progress of the work. 11. The Synod of Whitby (664). i^. Two forms of Christian service. 2^. Different customs. i^. Calculation of Easter. 2^. Forms of baptism. 3^. The tonsure. 4^. Organization. 3^. The results of the conference. 12. Organization of the Christian Church in England. i^. Same as on the continent. 2". The model was the civil organization of the Roman Empire. 3^. The work of Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury. 4^. The Bishop's Synod of 673. 13. Monasteries. I-. Of whom composed. 2^. The monastic vows. i^. Chastity. 2^. Poverty. 3^. Obedience. 3^. Purpose. 4^. How supported. 5^ Examples. i^. Fen district; Peterborough and Croyland. 2^. To the west; Malmesbury, Sherborne. 3^. To the north ; Lindisfarne, Whitby, Wearmouth and Jarrow. 14. Revival of Civilization. I-. Priests of travel introduced higher ways of living. 2^. Monks of the monasteries began better agriculture, manufacturing, and trading. 15. Education and Literature. i^. Studies taught were reading and writing. 2". Hadrian, companion to Theodore, established schools at Canterbury and at York where Greek was taught. 3^ Literature. i^ That under the Anglo-Saxon spirit. 2^. That under the influence of the church. i^ Cssdmon's, Paraphrases of Bible Stories. 2*. Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. 16. Internal Strife of the Kingdoms. i^. Catises. i^. Territorial aggressions. 2^ Rivalry for individual croMTis. 2^ Kingdoms concerned. l'*. Northumbria (7th century). I*. Its territorial extent. 2*. Its ruling in trade, learning, and literature. SAXON ENGLAND 2\ Mercia (8th century). I* Extent under yEthelbald and Otla. 2.\ Liability of the government. 7? West Saxon overlordship. I* Resistance to Mercia and Northumbna. 2*' Egbert at the court of Charles the Great 3< Submission of Mercia, Northumbna, and Wales m 830. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS _ SAXON ENGLAND ( II. Later Saxon England (830 to 975). 1. The Incursion of the Danes. I-. Their original homes. 2-. The real position of Egbert, same as the Britons 300 years prior. 3^. Reasons for the incursions. 4-., The "fyrd." — Implements of warfare. 2. The Danish Army. I-. New method of invasion. 2^. "The Army." The method of operation. 3-. Monasteries destroyed; London, Canterbury, Rochester, Winchester, and York. 3. Formation of the Danelaw. I-. Character of the third period of invasion. 2r. Causes of the Danes making settlements. 3^. Danish places ; how known. i^. Wedmore — 878. 2^. Danelaw — 886. (Wedmore). 4. Danes as Traders. i^. Physical characteristics of the people of the Danelaw. 2^. Foreign trade introduced by the Danes. 3". The five boroughs or trade centers ; Stamford, Leicester, Derby, Nottingham, and Lincoln. 4-. Influence of Christianity. 5. King Alfred. i^. Birth, heritage, and chief characteristics. 2". Efifects of the conquest of The "Raven." 3-. His reforms. i^ Military. 2^. Law — The new body of laws. 4^. The new literature. i'*. Alfred's statement of the literary conditions. 2^. How he improved learning. 3^*. Alfred's Translations — Why? I*. Gregory's Pastoral care. 2*. Orosius's History of the World. 5-. His character. i^. Modesty in literary work. 2^. Simple-minded, devout and sincere. 6-. Closer union of England due to the : — i^. Work and personality of Alfred, 2^. The common body of laws, 3'. The new literature, and 4^. The united military operations. 6. Winning back the Danelaw. i^. By whom? Alfred, Edward, ^thelflzed and -Sithelstan. 2". By learning methods of the Danes. 3". Relation of the Anglo-Saxon and the Danish tribes. 4^ Titles. i^. "King of the West Saxons," by Alfred . 2^. "King of the Anglo-Saxons," by Edward. 3*. "Ruler of all Britain," by ^thelstan. 7. Tenth Century civilization in England. i^. Rural life. i^. Foundations ; race, religion, language, government, customs, and divisions of the country. 2^. How the people lived. 2^. Town life. i^. Characteristics of town life. 2^. Occupations and industries. 3^^. Amusements. SAXON ENGLAND 3". Poetry. i". Source of information. 2-'. Character. I*. Religious — Bible Stories. 2*. Military — Battle of Brunanburh (937). 4-. Prose. i^. Alfred's works. 2''. The Chronicle. 3-''. The work of .'Elfric, IMonk of Winchester. 4-'. Translation of the Bible into Anglo-Saxon. 5^. Learning and the Church. i'. Due to reestablishing the monasteries. 2''. Work and influence of the bishops — Dunstan. ■1^. Character as a man. 2*. Work at Glastonbury and elsewhere. 6-. Political organization, i^ The king. i^. How selected. 2*. By whom selected and crowned. 2^. The Witenagemot. i\ Of whom composed. 2*. The purpose. 3*. Functions. 1°. Elected the king. 2''. Deposed the king. 3". Confirmed grants of land. 4''. Aided as a superior court of justice. 4'*. Function of king and witan. i''. Enacted laws — civil and ecclesiastical. 2^. Levied taxes. 3"'. Declared war and made peace. 4^ Appointed chief officers and bishops of the realm. 3'. Divisions of the country. i^. The shires ; How governed. I."' The Ealdomian — functions. 2°. Shire-reeve — functions. 2^. Shire-mote — functions. 2\ The hundreds and wapentakes, i''. How governed. 2''. "Folk-right." 4'. Justice : methods of determining guilt. I^ The oath. 2^. Ordeal. i^. Fire 2^. Water. 3*. Punishment — "wergeld." 5". Classes and Rank of the people. I''. Blood — the earls and the ceorls. 2*. Official — .Etheling, Childe, ealdorman, and thegn. III. Danish England. (975 to 1066). I. Renewed invasion of the Danes. I-. The Scandinavian kingdoms, i'. Denmark. 2^. Norway. 3^. Sweden. 2^ Method of procedure of the Scandinavians. 3=. Cause of England's inability to resist the attack. I". Inactivity of the king. 2''. Poor organization of the central governrrient. 3^. The growing enslavement of the masses of the people. SAXON ENGLAND 2. Danegeld. I-. The treaty of 991 with Olaf of Norway. 2". Effectiveness. 3-. Invasion of Swegen. 1=^. FHght of Ethelred. 2^. Cnut made king 1017. 3. 'Reign of Cnut. I-. The five great earldoms. 2^. His treatment of his subjects. 3". His use of the Danegeld. 4". His visits abroad. 5-. The return of the Saxon kings. (Edward). 4. Foreign Connections of England. I-. jMarital relations of England and France. 2-. Increasing trade. 3-. Influence of the church, 5. Origin of Normandy. i^ Settlement of Rollo (912). 2^ Blending of the people in : i^ Blood, 2^. Language, 3^. Religion, and 4^ Customs. 3-. Extension of boundaries to: i''. Brittany, 2^. Flanders, and 3^. Anjou. 6. Normandy and England. I-. Norman aid to Danish invaders of England. 2-. Ethelred's marriage to Emma of Normandy. 7. Reign of Edward the Confessor. I-. His character. 2^. Saxon influence of Earl Godwin. 3^. Norman influence of relatives and friends. — The truce of God (1042). 8. Duke William and Earl Harold. i^. William's early life and chances for the Dukedom. 2". His controversies with : i^. The Norman Barons, 2^. Count of Anjou, and 3^. King of France. 3-. His marriage. 4-. His visit to England. 5^. Growing importance of the Godwins. 6^. Harold Godwin's visit to Rouen. 7". Harold made king, January, 1066, by the witan. g. Invasion of William. I-. His representations to the pope and nobles. 2-. The claim of Harold Hardrada of Norway. 10. Battle of Hastings. i^. Support of Harold. 2^. Incidents of the Battle. 3-. Immediate results. OBJECT : The object of this lesson is to set forth clearly the fact that, in the wake of the Romans, various tribes of the Teutons came as marauders, then conquerors and settlers, and then organizers and builders of the foundations of English national life and character. PUPILS' NOTES AXD ILLUSTRATIONS SAXOX ENGLAND Show on this map the settlements of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. Color the Danelaw green, Wessex and the Independent Kingdoms orange, Wales pink, Strathclyde pink, and English Northumbria orange. Locate the Bishoprics of York and Canterbury by a heavy purple line drawn on the boundary. Locate such places of importance as are mentioned in the text. NORMAN ENGLAND (1066 to 1154) ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— From section 78 of chapter 6 through chapter 7. Andrews — Chapter 5. Montgomery— Period 5. r, 1 r rj PRESENTATION : The Norman period of English History extends from 1066, the Battle of Hast- ings, toTi 54 the beginning of the Angevin period. It is the last contnbutmg element to the composite character of Enghsh society. D. NORMAN ENGLAND: I. The Conquest. I-. jNIarch to London. 2". Crowned king. 3-. Conquest of all England. ■ 2. The Nonnan Aristocracy. 1 2. Of whom it consisted. 2^ How it was built up. 3. Mihtary Services. I-. Basis for "feudalism." 2^. Most prominent barons. 4. Bishops and Abbots. I-. William's method of procedure. 2-. Removal of Norman bishops from small towns. 5. The Common People. 1-. Mixture of Norman and Saxon. 2-. Cause of Norman immigration. 3-. Effects upon industries. 6. The Norman French Language. I-. The language of the conquerors. 2^ The contest with the English tongue. 7. Reign of William L I- Put down all opposition in England. 2^ Forced King Malcolm of Scotland to acknowledge him. 32. Gained control of Wales. 42. Retained his authority in Normandy. 8. William and the Papacy. i=. William's obligation to the Pope. 2-. The policy of Gregory VII ; the reasons. 3=. William's policy and reasons. g. Preservation of old Customs. . i^ The great councils of Easter, Whitsunday, and Christmas. 2-. Tne shire and the hundred courts. 3=. Retained Danegeld. 4^ Issued a code based on laws of earlier kings. 10. New Customs. i^ The new forests and forest laws. 2". The curfew. 3-. The wager of battle. II. Domesday Book — its purpose and value. 12. Position and Character of William. 1 2. The threefold basis for his authority as king. 2-. His manner and physique. 3-. His wish or will. 13. William II and his contest with the Barons. i^ Personal characteristics. 2". Two contests. i^. Norman barons. I*. Cause. . 2*. Events. 3*. Results. _ NORMAN ENGLAND (" i 2'. The church. I*. William's religious life. 2*. Influence of Lanfranc. 3*. William's misgovernment of the church. 4*. Work of Anselm. 14. Hatred of William II. i^. Cause. 2^. Work of Ralph Flambard. 3=. Death. 15. Henry I. i^. His efforts to popularize his reign. i^. Grants a charter. 2^. Marriage to a Saxon — Matilda. 3^. Natural abilities. 2^. Conflict with the church. i^. His attitude towards the church. 2^. Nature of former contests. 3^. Contest about investiture. I*. Circumstances. 2^ The Settlement. 3-. Contest with the barons. i^. Cause. 2^. Results. 4^. The central government. i^. How organized. 2^. A means of maintaining order. 5^. King's Ministers. From the lower baronage or churchmen. i^. The Justiciar — duties. 2^. The Chancellor — duties. 3^. The Treasurer — duties. 6^. The Curia Regis. i^. Of whom composed. 2^. Purpose. 7^. Justice on the circuit. — Two reasons. 8-. The Exchequer. i^. Of whom composed. 2'. Date of meeting. 3^. Purposes of meeting. 9^. The Succession. I*. Drowning of Prince William; "The White Ship.' 2^. Agreement ; barons to recognize Matilda. 3^. Matilda's marriage to Geoffrey, count of Anjou. 4^. Stephen's claim. I*. How he obtained the crown. 2*. Rule of the barons. 5^. Civil War — 1007. I*'. Matilda's invasion of England. 2*. Character of warfare and period. 3*. The "Treaty of Wallingford," 1153. 10^. The Mediaeval Castle. i^. Basis for the power of the nobles. 2^. A military asset. 3^. By whom occupied. 4^. By what authority built. 11^. Feudal Land Tenure. i^. How land was held. 2^. Tenants in chief, subtenants. 3=*. Lord, vassal, aid, relief, forfeiture, escheat, etc. 12^. Feudal Personal Relations. i''. Fidelity and obedience on part of vassal. 2'. Protection due on part of lord. NORMAN ENGLAND 13-. Feudal powers of government. i^. The right to have soldiers. 2^. The authority to have courts to give decisions. 3^. The authority to coin money, (conditional). 4^. The right to collect aids which in reality were taxes. 14^. Feudalism in the Saxon period. i^. Few traces in first half of the tenth century. 2^. Later Saxon period — land owners. I*. Acquired the right to hold courts. 2*. Acquired the right to grant lands to tenants. 3^. Ninth century, commendation became customary. 15^ Effects of the Conquests on English feudalism. 1^. Made system more general. 2^. Established by influence of Exchequer. 16-. Peculiarities of feudalism in England. i^ Loyalty or allegiance to king takes precedence of all others. 2^. Comparative orderliness. 17-. Literature of the Norman period. i^. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 2^ Writings of Lanfranc and Anselm. 3^. William of ]\'Ialmesbury. 4^. Monmouth's History of the Britons. 18-. Architecture and Building. i^. Castles and churches, dominant buildings. 2^. The "White Tower." 3'. Westminster Hall. 4^. Architecture; Roman style. 5^ Examples ; Durham, Hereford, Ely, Winchester, Exeter, and Norwich. OBJECT: The object to be sought in the study of the Norman period is that the Normans, having come under the Roman influence, gave to England a greater stability in institutional life. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS NORMAN ENGLAND Show on this map England and the Territory of Normandy in pink. Locate William the Conqueror's main line of conquest by a black line. Locate all important places in both Normandy and England which are necessary to fully illustrate the chapter. ^ ANGEVIN ENGLAND I ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11. Andrews — Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9. Montgomery — Periods 6 and 7. PRESENTATION: The period of English History represented by this title is from 11 54, the acces- sion of the Angevin kings, to 1485, the Battle of Bosworth Field. It deals with those movements or con- troversies which in their results are basic or fundamental in character. E. ANGEVIN ENGLAND : I. Foundation of National Unity. I. Accession and character of Henry II. I-. His claim — the treaty of Wallingford. 2^. His independent position. 3^. His personal character. 4-. His dominions from his : i^ Mother — Normandy, Maine, and England. 2-\ Father — Anjou and Touraine. 3^. Wife — Poitou, Guienne, and Gascony. 4^ Own efforts — Brittany, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. 5-. Lack of Unity in England. i^. Different sources for the laws and customs. 2\ Different sources of authority for the courts. 3^. Different languages in use. 4^. The practical independence of the church. 6". Restoration of Order. i\ Governmental conditions at the death of Stephen. 2^. The work of Henry II in reorganization. 3^. The resistance. I*. Character and source. 2''. Henry's method of meeting the situation. 7^. The Judicial Assizes. I^. Foundations of England's legal system. I*. Old or former authority of curia regis. i^. Deciding cases in which the king (state) was a party. 2^. Infiicting punishment for crime when committed in some feudal lord's territory with judicial power. 2*. New authority of "curia regis." i^. The "Great Assize" — the right of freemen in land disputes to resort to the king's justices for a decision. 2^. Burdens of privilege, i^. The expense. 2". Forced to follow the court or await its arrival. 8^. Origin of Trial by Jury. i^. Decisions of curia regis more valuable. Why? 2=^. Old methods of determining justice. 3^. Recognition or Inquisition. 4^. Selection and duties of jurors. 5^. The position of the judge. 6\ The division of the jury into witnesses and jurors. y". The Lateran Council. — 121 5. 9^. Origin of Indictment by Jury. i^. Two reasons for many crimes being committed. 2'. The assize of Clarendon. I*. Its purpose. 2*. Its provisions. 3*. Its importance lies in: i^ Indictment by jury and, 2^ Destruction of the independence of the feudal courts in crim- inal matters. ^^. Custom of recognization in criminal cases. ANGEVIN ENGLAND 10^ The Common Law and the common law courts. i^. The records of decisions. 2^. The intellectual character of the king's judges. 3^. Common law defined. 4^. Effects of the enforcement of the common law principles. 5^. The "Tourn and leet." 6^. Importance of the Manor courts. 11^. Assize of arms. i^. Its basis — Anglo-Saxon "fyrd." 2^. Its provisions. 12^. Feudal Taxation. i^. The value of the military service of a tenant in chief. 2^. The king's policy regarding fees. 3^. Scutage. 4^. How feudalism in England disappears and the royal government becomes absolute. 13^. The Churcli. i^. Ecclesiastical divisions of England. 2^. The meaning of "the church." 3^. The church organization. 14^. The Church Courts. i'\ William I's law. 2^. Duties of the archdeacon. 3^. Cases included in church courts. 15-. The Canon Law. i'. Defined. 2^. Work of Gratian. 1 6-. The Clergy. I". The secular branch — whom it included. 2^. The regular branch — whom it included. I*. The Benedictines. 2*. The Cistercians. 3'. The Cluniacs, etc. 17^ Appeals to Rome. i^. Cause for appeal to Rome. 2^. Possible eft"ects on the loyalty of the government. 3": Character of questions appealed. 18^. Thomas a Becket. i^. His education. 2^. As chancellor. 3=^. As archbishop of Canterbury. 19^ The Constitutions of Clarendon. i^. The charges of Henry against the church courts. 2^. The purpose of the Council of 1164. 3^. Incidents of the meeting. 4^. Position of Thomas and his reason. 20-. Exile of Thomas a Becket. i^. Cause. 2^. Treatment by Henry. 3^. Retaliation of Thomas. 21^ Murder of Thomas. i'. Excommunication of bishops and soldiers. 2^. Circumstances of the murder and its eft'ects. 3^. Penance of the king. 22^. Unpopularity of the king. i^. Causes. I*. Sternness. 2*. Rigorous reforms. 3*. Court fines. 4*. Severe punishment. 5*. Hard jury service. 6*. Transformation of royal dues into money. ANGEVIN ENGLAND 23^. New Revolt of the Baronage. i^. Order in England and on the continent compared. 2^. Revolt of Prince Henry — 1173. 3^. Renewal of certain relations. I*. New oath of fealty. 2*. Strengthened power of justice. 3*. Nobles assembled in frequent meetings. 24^. Scotland and Wales. i^. Invasion of northern England by the King of Scotland. 2'. The "Treaty of Falaise." 3^. Efforts in Wales a failure. 25-. Conquest of Ireland. i^. Excuse for the invasion. 2^. "Lord of Ireland." 26^. Close of the Reign. i^. Officially, at peace in England. 2?. Personally, at war in France. 27-. The Literary Revival under Henry II. i^. Legal writers. 2^. "Dialogue concerning the Exchequer" by Richard, Bishop of London. 3^. "Treatise concerning the Laws and Customs of England" by Glanville. 4'. "Polycraticus" by John of Salisbury. 5^. "Campaigns against Ireland and Wales" by Gerald de Barry. &. The Goliardic poems, by Walter Map. 28^. Richard I and the First Crusade. i^. Purpose of the Holy Wars. 2^. Richard's personal character. 3'. Incidents of the voyage and the return trip. 29^ Influence of the Crusades. i^. English institutions were permitted to mature. 2^. England and English people were introduced to a higher civilization. 3^*. England was aroused by the spirit of adventure. 4^. England was brought more into the general life of Europe. 5^. England shared in a more active commerce which was now established be- tween the east and the west. 30^. King John. i^. Why he gained the throne. 2^. His personal character. 3^. His loss of the continental provinces. I*. The way it was accomplished. 2*. The effect it had on the barons of each country. 3''. Disputed election of the archbishop of Canterbury. i^. The rightful authority to elect church officials. 2^. Contest over the selection of Stephen Langton. 4". The Interdict. i^. The force of such a decree. 2°. John's attitude and demeanor towards it. 3°. The Pope's threat of excommunication. 5^. Victory for the Pope. i". Cause for the surrender. 2?. Terms of the peace. 3^. The effects of the peace. 6*. Revolt against the king. i^. Character of Government under Henry II and Stephen. 2^. Character of John's oppression. 3^. The attitude of the Council of St. Albans, 1213. 4^. The demand of the Council at St. Pauls. 5^. The demands of Stephen Langton. 6"'. The barons enter London. 7*. The Great Charter. i^. The basis of the charter. ANGEVIN ENGLAND Claims to importance. i". The way in which it was obtained. 2.^. Saved certain feudal ideas of government from being displaced by absolute monarchy. 3". Because of what it contained. 4". For the services it rendered in later times. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS ANGEVIN DOMINIONS Show on this map the territory controlled by Henry II as follows : That received from his Mother color pink, that from his Father, color orange, that from his Wife, color green ; that from his own efforts, color purple. Encircle all English-controlled territory with a heavy pink line. Locate such places as will fully illustrate the subject. _ ANGEVIN ENGLAND I II. The Formation of a United English Nation (1216-1337). 1. Accession of Henry III. I-. The breaking up of the union of the barons. 2^. His personahty. Personality of former kings. 2. Architecture. 1". The change from the Norman style to the first truly national style of English building. 2". Comparative strength, ornamentation, etc. 3-. Examples — Salisbury, Westminster. 4^. French influence. 3. The Universities. i^. Places and character of the education of the early middle ages. 2^. Influence of Christianity. 3-. Curriculum of the schools. i^. The Trivium. 2^. The Quadrivium. 4^. Origin of the term "university." 5-. Separation into colleges. 6-. The character of the student body. 7-. The power claiming authority over them. 4. Learned Men. i^. Thirteenth century compared to other centuries. 2-. Roger Bacon — his position and influence. 3-. Robert Grosseteste. 5. Law Writers. Henry de Bracton — His work. 6. Historians. i^. Of former centuries merely chroniclers. 2^. Of the thirteenth century — classifiers of events based upon cause and effect. 3^. Roger of Wendover at St. Albans — "Flowers of Histories." 4". Matthew Paris — his work. 7. The Scriptorium of a. Monastery. 8. The Friars. I-. The older orders. 2^. The new orders — reasons for their formation. i^'. Their spirit and location. 2^. Character of work done. 9. The Towns. i^. Attitude of earlier peoples toward town life. 2-. Conditions conducive to town life. 3^. Locations of towns. 4^. The Charters. i^. What they granted. 2^. How obtained. 10. The Guild Merchant. i^ Purpose. 2-. As a social asset. 11. The Craft Guilds. i^. Purpose. 2^. As a social asset. 12. Fairs. I-. Purpose. 2-. Their public worth. 13. Country villages — inhabitants. i^. The Serf. i^. The cotter, his position and duties. 2^ The villein, his position and duties. 2". The Freeman. i^. His duties. 2^. His privileges. ANGEVIN ENGLAND 14. Written records. I-. Of different branches of the royal courts. 2^. Of tlie bishoprics. 3-. Of the manor courts. 4-. Of the towns and guilds. 5-. Their value as a world asset. 15. Reign of Henry III. I-. Cause of unpopularity. I''. Foreign favorites. 2". His subserviency to the Pope. 2-. Attitude of the barons. ■ 16. King's Foreign Favorites. I-. Peter, bishop of Winchester. 2^. Boniface, archbishop of Canterbury. 3^. Superior efficiency of the French immigrants. 4^. Causes for English criticism. 17. Henry's Relations with the Pope. I-. Innocent III and his contests. 2-. P^osition of the Pope regarding taxation. 3-. English view of the papal demands for money. 18. Papal representatives in England. I-. Purpose. 2-. Cardinal Otho. 19. Italian holders of English Church positions. 1". Agree to admit 300 Italians. 2". Permitted appeals to the papal court. 3^. Continued the payment of King John's agreement. 4-. Permitted the papal crusade against the Iving of Sicil}'. 20. Growth of the Power of the Great Council. I-. Origin of the term "parliament." 2^ Compare the attitude of the members of the Great Council to that of the barons who forced the Great Charter. 21. Simon de Montfort and the Provisions of Oxford. I-. His attitude towards things English. 2-. Demands of the parliament of 1258. 3-. Provisions of Oxford annulled by Louis IX of France. 4-. Battles of i''. Lewes, its results and consequences. 2\ Evesham, its results and consequences. 22. Accession of Edward I. I-. His crusade and subsequent homage to the King of France. 2^. How England was regarded by : i^ Henry II. 2'. Richard I. 3^ Henry III. 4^ Edward I, the first truly national king. 23. Parliament. I-. Its character under Henry III. 2-. Edward's policy, "That which aft'ects all should be approved by all." i'. A former meaning of the motto. 2^. The changed meaning of the motto. 3-. The introduction of the middle classes. i^. Dift'erent forms of wealth, objects of taxation. 2=. County courts and town governments a means of bringing the classes into parliament. 4^. Representation among the: i^. Saxons. .2^. Nomians. 3^. Early Angevins. I*. Assize of Clarendon. 2*. The parliament of 1265 — by Simon de ]Montfort. 3*. The policy of Edward'l. ANGEVIN ENGLAND \ 4*. The parliament of 1295. V i^. The plan. 2^. The members. 5^. The division into houses, i^. The causes. 2^. The House of Lords, its number and interest. 3^. The House of Commons, its members and interests. 24. Statutes. i^. Written laws regularly drawn up and agreed to by the chief executive and the legislative body of a country. 2". The European lawgivers of the thirteenth century. i'*. Louis IX of France (q.v.). 2^. Frederick II of Sicily (q.v.). 3^. Alfonso the Wise of Spain (q.v.). 4^. Edward I of England. 25. Confirmation of the Charters. I-. Reasons for demanding a reconfirmation. 2^. Results obtained by the reconfirmation. 26. The Jews. i^. The Christian framework governing the life of Englishmen. 2^. The relation of the Jews to this program. 3^. Causes of unpopularity. 4^. Reasons for royal protection. 5^. Attempts at conversion. &. Expulsion — Royal aid. 27. Conquest of Wales. I-. Welsh relation to England. 2". Revolt of Llewellyn. 3^. The "Statute of Wales." 4^. The "Prince of Wales." 28. The Scottish Succession. I^ Divisions of the people. I^. Highlanders — Celtic. 2^. Lowlanders — Teutonic. 2^ The Award of Norham. i^. Death of the Scottish princess. 2^. The claims of the nobles and their relation to England. 3^. Edward's award and the conditions imposed. 29. Conquest of Scotland. 1-. Scottish view of their relation to Edward I. 2". Edward's view of his relation to Scotland. 3^. Battle of Dunbar, banishment of Baliol. 30. Scotch Wars of Liberation. i^. Revolt and execution of William Wallace. 2-. Revolt of Robert Bruce, — Battle of Bannockburn. i^. Results on Scotland. 2^. Results on England. 31. Edward II. i^. His personal character. 2^. The "Lords Ordainers." 3^. Deposed by act of Parliament. III. The First Half of the Hundred Years' War (1338-1399). 1. Possessions of the English Kings in France. i^. Where located. 2^. How held. 3^. Effects upon France. 2. New causes of conflict. i^. Military aid in the Scotch wars against England. 2". Disputes between the channel fishermen. 3^. The wool trade with Flanders. 4^. Edward's claim to the throne of France. ANGEVIN ENGLAND 3. Outbreak of the Hundred Years' War. i^. From 1328-1337 petty disputes. 2^. England's efforts to popularize the war policy. 3-. Edward's marauding expedition into France and Flanders. 4-. French retaliation. 4. Battles of : I-. Sluys — location, circumstances and results. 2.-. Crecy — location, circumstances and results. 1346. 5. The English Long-bow. I-. Its origin and general use. 2". Contrasted with the crossbow. 3^ Its names, "The cloth-yard shaft," "The Crooked stick" and "The gray goose wing." 6. The Organization of the English Army. i^. Value of organization compared with the weapons. 2^. The pay of the soldiery. 7. Capture of Calais. i^. Irriportance of position. 2". Edward's feeling towards Calais — reasons. 3-. Terms of surrender. 8. The Black Prince. I-. Why so called. 2-. His work in the French wars. 3^. His general character. 4^. The ideal knight. 9. Knighthood. i^. Its meaning. 2^. Chivalry — its meaning. 3^. Method of becoming a knight. i^. Origin of Chivalry. 5". Rules of Chivalry. 10. Battle of Poitiers. i^. Circumstances. 2-. Results. 11. Peace of Bretigny, 1360. Terms. 12. Statutes of Provisors and Prjemunire. i^. Papal encroachments on English rights. 2^. Provisions of the "Statute of Provisors" and "Statute of Praemunire." 13. Black Death— 1348 to 1350. i^. Causes. 2-. Effects. i^. On the population. 2^. On the clergy — church. 3^. In the universities — education. 4*. Among the laboring classes. The statute of laborers. 5^. Improvement of the Villeins. 14. Renewal of the War. Causes. 15. Parliamentary agitation. i^ Condition of the King. Edward III. 2^. Rule of John of Gaunt. 32. The Good Parliament. What it accomplished and why. 16. The Poll Taxes. i^. Causes of discontent between the classes. 2^. Reasons for a direct tax. 3^ Peasants' insurrection of, 1381. i^. Circumstances. 2*. Results. 3^. Cause of failure. ANGEVIN ENGLAND / 17. Wycliffe. I-. His complaint against the clergy. 2^. His teachings, how and why regarded. 3-. The three points of opposition to the churchmen. 4^. His followers — the Lollards. i^. They revised the spread of the gospel. 2^. They gave the Bible in English to the people. 3^. Their persecutions. I*. Wycliffe silenced from teaching at Oxford, 1382. 2*. Many teachers forced to recant. 3*. Statute against heretics, 1401. i^. Its provisions. 2^. Punishment of an attempted revolt. 5^. Effect on the English Language. i^. Preaching and teaching in English. 2^. The law of 1362 — on court pleadings. 3^. The Chancellor's address, 1363. 18. Piers Plowman. I-. Author. 2". Character. 3-. Particular interests. 19. Chaucer. I-. Birth and station. 2-. Class of society addressed. 3-. Plan of Canterbury Tales. 20. Personal character of Richard H. i^. Rule during his minority. 2-. First seven years of his personal rule. 3^. His visit to France and its effect. 4-. His banishment of Henry of Lancaster. 5-. His Campaign into Ireland. 6". The return of Henry and his abdication. : IV. Houses of Lancaster and York. 1399-1485. 1. Reign of Henry IV. I-. Growth of parliament since Edward I. 2-. The four classes of powers. ;' i^ No taxation without consent of parliament. 2^. No new laws without agreement with parliament. 3^. The parliamentary power to impeach "king's" ministers. 4^. Could impose its advice upon the king in all measures of importance. 3^. Certain privileges. i^. Freedom from arrest. 2^. Freedom of debate. 4^ Rebellion of Owen Glendower. I". The Lords Marchers. 2^. Character of the rebellion. 3^. Revolt of Henry and Thomas Percy and "Hotspur." 4*. Battle of Shrewsbury, 1403. 2. Renewal of the French Wars. i^. Causes and conditions making favorable the enterprise. 2^. Battle of Agincourt, 141 5. 3^. The treaty of Troyes, 1420. 4^. Joan of Arc. i^. Siege of Orleans. 2^. Coronation of the Dauphin at Rheims. 3^. Burned in the market square of Rouen. ANGEVIN ENGLAND 3. Wars of the Roses. I-. Causes. 2-. The House of York. 3^ The battle of Wakefield, 1460. 4-. The work and influence of Richard Neville, "King maker." 5^ Richard III. i^. How he obtained the throne. 2'. Battle of Bosworth Field, 1485. 4. Towns in England of the Fifteenth Century. I-. Character of the War of the Roses. 2". Development of industries. 3^. Charter and representative government. 4-. Educational movements. 5^. Benevolences invented. 5. Foreigners in England. What they did for English commerce and banking. OBJECT: The object of this lesson is to present England as a nation, separate and apart from the continent — possessing an individuality of her own. From 1485 England is a world power with which Europe proper has to reckon. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR Locate on this map such places as will fully illustrate the Hundred Years' War, including the Wars of the Roses. . Show England and English territory at the close of the War (1485) la pink and France in green. TUDOR ENGLAND (1485 to 1603) ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney— Chapters 12 and 13. Andrews — Chapter 10. Montgomery — Period 8. PRESENTATION: Because of the strong personality of the sovereigns and the marked tendency to absolutism of the crown this period will be treated under the names of the reigning sovereigns. F. TUDOR ENGLAND: I. Henry VII. 1. His claim to the throne. 2. The suppression of the rebellions of: i^. Lambert Simnel and, 2^. Perkin Warbeck. 3. His matrimonial alliances with : i^. Scotland — Margaret to James IV. 2^. France — Mary to Francis I. 3-. Spain — Henry to Catherine of Aragon. 4. His general character. 5. Work of his minister — Cardinal ]\Iorton. 6. Preservation of Order. I-. Method of dealing with possible rivals. 2^. Method of dealing with the nobility. 3-. The court of the Star Chamber. 1'. Purpose. 2^. Of whom composed. 3". Authority. 4'. Origin of name. 7. The Strong Monarchy. I-. By husbanding all sources of income. 2-. By close observance of all expenditures. 3°. By adopting various irregular expedients for raising money. 8. Decrease of the Power of Parliament. i^. Financial independence of the king. 2^. Speaker of the House of Commons usually the king's official. 3^. Laws of the commons favored by the king. 9. Merchant Adventurers. 1". Trade provisions in all foreign treaties. 2^. New charter and seal to the Flemish merchants. 3=. The effects of the Turkish conquest of Constantinople, 1453, on trade conditions. 10. The New World — • John Cabot's voyage to America, 1496. Results. 11. The Renaissance. i". Meaning of the term. 2^. Extent of interest in England. 3-. The coming of Erasmus. 12. Humanism in England. i^ Work of Grocyn, Linacre, and Colet. 2-. Meaning of the term. 3^. New learning in England. 4^. Thomas More's Utopia. i'. Purpose. 2^. Hope of the author. 5^. Some advances made. 13. Introduction of printing into England. i^. Invention. 2~. Work of William Caxton. II. Henry VIII. I. His Accession — 1509. I-. Financial conditions of the country. 2-. His own fitness for the position. 3.- His marriage. TUDOR ENGLAND Cardinal Wolsey. i^. His birth and education. 2^. His position under Henry VII. 3". His position under Henry VIII. Foreign Wars. i^. King Charles's visit to England. 2\ "Field of the Cloth of Gold." 3". Results in England. i'*. Slight gain in territory around Calais. The Amicable Loan. i^. Meaning of the term. 2-. Effects of the efforts. The Divorce Question. I-. Causes. 2-. Fall of Wolsey. i^. How it came about. 2^. The method used by Henry VIII. 3^. Submission of the Clergy. i^. Appeal to the universities. 2^. Henry's threats. 3^. Henry's suits against the clergy. 4^. Henry's praemunire proceedings. 4". Subserviency of the parliament. i^. House of Lords — a creature of Henry VII's patronage. 2^. House of Commons — of the favored middle classes. 3^. Parliamentary interest more in commerce than religion. The Foundations of the Refonnation. I-. Civil government was rising above church power. 2-. The strong feeling of national pride and independence. 3^. Methods of agriculture and manufacturing were changing. Reformation Statutes. i^ First Act of Annates — 1532. 2". Second Act of Annates — 1534. 3-. Act of Appeals — 1533. A^. Fixing nomination of bishops and forbidding communication with the Pope — 1534. 5-. Act of Supremacy — 1535. &. Minor acts transferring authority from the Pope to the English King or English church officials. Decay of the Monasteries — Causes, i^. Financial conditions poor. 2-. Lands mortgaged. 3-. Buildings in bad repair. 4^. Inmates not so high in character. 5^. The decay in the old belief in seclusion. &. The efforts of Wolsey and others at reform. Cromwell and the Dissolution of the Monasteries. i'^. Character of Cromwell. 2^. The Monastery commission. i^. Its purpose. 2^. Its report. 3^. The parliamentary results — 1536. 3^. Method of dissolving the larger monasteries. 4^. Effects upon the membership of the House of Lords. Destruction of Relics and Shrines. i^. Definition of relics and shrines. 2^. Causes for loss of veneration. Execution of More and Fisher. i^ Definition of treason under Act of Supremacy. 2". Effect of executions throughout Europe. 3^ Papal retaliation on Henry VIII — Its effect. TUDOR ENGLAND 12. The Pilgrimage of Grace. I-. Causes of these revolts. 2^. Demands made by the rebels. 3". King's dealing with the rebels. 13. Ireland. I-. How England ruled Ireland since Henry II. 2". Provisions of "Poyning's Law"- — 1494. 3^ The rule of Lord Leonard Grey — 1526. 14. Stages of the Reformation. I-. The submission of the clergy to the state. 2^. The separation of the English branch of the church from the Papacy. 3^ The abolition of the Monasteries. 4-. The use of the Bible and of church services in English. 5^ The simplification of church ceremonies. 6-. The adoption of Protestant doctrines. 15. Growth of Protestant belief. i^. Causes : 1^. A general atmosphere of change. 2^. New teaching introduced from the continent. 3^. The effects of the '"new learning." 2^. Work of Tyndale. 3-. Representative men of this period. i^. Cromwell. 2^. Archbishop Cranmer. 3^. Bishop Latimer. 4^. Three divisions of men on religious matters. i^. Those who disapproved of the recent changes. 2^. Those who approved of the changes but did not wish them carried further. 3^. Those who would have carried the Reformation to further lengths. 16. The Scriptures in English. I-. Reasons for the objections to Tyndale's Bible. 2'. The Bible of Tyndale and Coverdale — 1537. 3=. The Great Bible of 1539. 4-. Archbishop Cranmer's new litany — 1544. 5-. Treatment meted out to those who held the new teachings. 17. King's Marriages. I'. To Catherine of Aragon — set aside. 2". To Anne Boleyn — beheaded. 3-. To Jane Seymour — died. 4-. To Anne of Cleves — divorced by mutual consent. 5-. To Catherine Howard — beheaded. 6~. To Catherine Parr. 18. Close of the Reign. I-. His physical condition. 2^. His executions. 3^. His laws and their administration. 4^. His will, and the authority for same. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS \ TOWNS AND COUNTIES Locate on this map such places as will fully illustrate the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII. TUDOR ENGLAND III. Edward VI. 1. The Protectorate. I-. Duke of Somerset. 2-. Duke of Northumberland. 2. The Advance of Protestantism. I-. Opposition bishops removed. 2\ Entirely new English prayer book adopted. 3^. Crucifixes and images removed. 4^. Stained-glass windows containing figures destroyed. 5^. Emblematic wall pictures destroyed. 6". Use of holy water abandoned. 7". Clergy abandoned the use of colored robes. 8^. Fasting dispensed with. 9^. Marriage among the clergy was allowed. IO-. Penance and pilgrimages were prohibited. 3. Completion of the Reformation. I-. Contents of second prayer book adopted — 1548. 2-. Forty-two articles of faith adopted — 1553. 3^. Forty-two articles reduced to the thirty-nine. 4-. Act of Uniformity — 1552. 4. Dissolution of Chantries. I-. What a chantry was. 2". The burdensomeness of the system. 3". The changed views on this class of property. 4^. Provisions of the law enacted under Henry III and reenacted rmder Edward VI touching this class of property. '5. Schools. I-. Chantry funds transferred to educational purposes. 2^. Private endowment for new schools. 6. Inclosures. i^. The two classes of farmers — the villein and the lord. 2^. The coming of the stock farmer. 3^ Results. i^. Eviction of the small farmer. 2^. The loss of employment by the farm laborer. 3^. Villages and churches destroyed. 4^. Legislation to correct evils complained of. 5^. Somerset's commission. I*. Its attempts at prosecution. 2*. Peasants revolt — 1549. &. Fall of Somerset. 7^- The change from stock-raising to grain-raising. 7. Debasement of the coinage. i^. Irregularity in prices of commodities. i^. Industrial changes. 2^. Impurity of the money. 2-. Changes made by Henry VIII and Edward VI. 8. Close of the Reign of Edward VI. IV. Mary. 1. A general hope enjoyed by the people at the change. 2. The attempt of Northumberland to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne. 3. Revolt of Sir Thomas Wyatt. I-. Cause. 2^. Events. 3^. Results. 4. Catholic Reaction. i^. The flight of Protestant reformers. 2^. The release and restoration of Catholic bishops. 3^. Act of legislation abrogating all laws on religion passed during the reign of Edward VI. TUDOR ENGLAND 5. The Spanish Marriage. I-. Reasons for its consummation. 2-. Reasons for its unpopularity. 3^. Results. i^. England drawn into a Franco-Spanish war. 2?. Loss of Calais. 6. Restoration of Papal Control. I". Conditions making restoration easy. 2". The mission of Cardinal Pole. 7. Religious persecution. I'. Imprisonment of the four bishops. 2^. Reenactment of old laws against the Lollards. i^ Burning of Cranmer. 2^. Persecutions confined to bishoprics under the influence of the Queen. 8. Mary's Declining Health and Happiness. i^. Discovery of the king's dislike for her — its effect. 2^. Discovery of the people's hatred of her — its efl^ect. 3^ Her death. ,V. Elizabeth — 1558-1603. 1. The New Queen. i^. Her education. 2^. Her native inheritances. i^. Commendable and advantageous. 2^. Dangerous and vicious. 2. The Religious Settlement. i^. Suspense of the church and state dignitaries. 2^. Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. i^. Reasons for these laws. 2^. Provisions of these laws. 3^. The plan. i^ Form that of Henry VUL 2^. Doctrine that of Edward VI. 3. The Middle Position of the English church. i^. Why it was not Catholic. 2^. Why it was not Protestant. 3^. What the churchmen really claimed. 4. Catholics and the Puritans. i^ Catholic position regarding the established church. 2-. The Puritan position regarding the established church. 3^. The appointment of new bishops. 4^. The appointment of new parish priests where necessary. 5. The Political Settlement. i^. England's foreign policy and reasons for same. i^. Unprepared. 2.^. Spanish control of the Netherlands. 3^*. France and Scotland were allies. 2^. Spanish reasons for meddling in English affairs. 3^. French reasons for meddling in English affairs. 6. The Social Settlement. i^. Restoration of the coinage — 1560. 2-. Statutes of Apprentices. i^. The provisions. 2^. Results. 3^. Pauperism. i^. Effects of the 15th and i6th century changes. 2^. Effectiveness of statutory regulations. 3^ Provisions of the law of 1563 to ameliorate pauperism, 7. Elizabeth's court. i^. Festivities. 2-. Negotiations. t. Plots. TUDOR ENGLAND /' 8. Mary'Stuart — Queen of Scotland. i^. Her relation to Elizabeth and claim to the English throne. 2^. Her education and general character. 3^. Her marriage and life at the French court. g. The Reformation in Scotland. I-. A popular movement. 2-. Mary's position. 10. Mary and Elizabeth. 1°. Elizabeth's aid to the Scotch Protestants. 2^. Mary's demand to be named Elizabeth's successor. 3^. Mary's marriage to Lord Darnley. i^. The reason. 2^. The result — revolt of Protestant nobles. 11. Murder of Darnley. I-. Circumstances of the assassination of Rizzio. 2-. Birth of a prince. 3". Love for the Earl of Bothwell. 4^. The blowing up of "Kirk-a-Field." 5^. The kidnapping of Mary by Bothwell. 12. Expulsion of Mary from Scotland. i^. Imprisonment of Mary in Loch Leven. 2^. Her abdication in favor of her son — James VI. 3^. Her escape to the court of Elizabeth. 13. Elizabeth's Marriage Plans. I-. Her choice — Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. 2-. What the choice of a husband meant. 3-. What prevented her from marrying. 14. Increase in Puritanism. I". Causes for this increase. 2^. Masses of the people interested. 3^. The Queen's opposition. i^ Thomas Cartwright removed from Cambridge. 2^. Imprisonment of members of new congregations. 3^. Clergymen deprived of their benefices. 15. The Counter Reformation. I". Moral reform in the old church. 2^. Clearer statement of its doctrines. 3^. More active efforts to stem the tide of Protestant influence. 16. The Jesuits — 1540. i^. The founder. 2-. The new oath — obedience. 3-. The military aspect of the system. 4^ Their special tasks. i^. Of Education. 2^. Conversion of : 1. The heathen, 2. The reconversion of Protestants. 5-. The college at Douai, Belgium. 17. Political Danger from the Catholics. i^ The rebellion of 1569. 2^. The excommunication of Elizabeth 1570. 3-. The discovery of the "Ridolfi Plot." 18. England and the Continent. i^. England contributed to the support of the revolt of the Netherlands. 2^. England gave encouragement to the Huguenots of France. 3^. England continued marriage negotiations with France and Spain. 4^. England dismisses the Spanish ambassador — 1584. 19. Parties which favored Elizabeth. i^. Those having grown up under the Protestant religion. 2". Those having respect for the government which was able to preserve peace. TUDOR ENGLAND 20. Industrial Growth. I". Work of the Merchant adventurers in extending trade. 2^. Results of the reformation of the continent. i^. Flemish, Dutch, and Walloon craftsmen came to England. 2^. Huguenot silk weavers and manufacturers came to England. 21. Commercial Growth. I-. Efforts of Willoughby and Chancellor. 2^. Formation of the Levant Company. 3". Formation of an Eastland Company. 4". Formation of a Barbary Company. 5". Formation of a Guinea Company. 6^. Formation of the East India Company. 32. Attempted Settlement in America. i^ By Sir Humphrey Gilbert — 1583. 2=. By Sir Walter Raleigh. i'. Sir Richard Grenville. 2^ Sir John White. 23. The Search for the Northwest Passage. i^. Cause — Spanish occupancy of the south. 2-. By Martin Frobisher — 1576. 3^ By John Davis — 1585. 4^. By Henry Hudson. 52. By William Baffin. 24. Hawkins's Voyages. i^. The slave trade in Spanish America. 2". Conflicts in the West Indies. 25. Francis Drake. I-. Character and boldness of his expedition. 2^. Discovery of the Pacific Ocean. 3-. Attitude of England regarding this piracy. 4-. Voyage around the world. The booty and its division. 26. Channel Freebooters. I-. Cause. 2^. Character and extent of operations. 27. English on the Sea. I-. Their attitude towards things at home. 2". The Queen's attitude towards the seamen. 28. Babington's Plot. I-. The circumstances. 2^. The results. 29. War with Spain. i^. The causes. i^. English aid in the Netherlands. 2^. Intrusion of English merchants into the Spanish colonies of the West Indies. 3*. Drake's attack on Spanish settlement and treasure ships. 4^. Restoration of Catholicism. 5^. Avenge the death of Mary. 2^ The attack of Drake on Cadiz. 3^. The Spanish Armada — 1588. i^. Incidents. 2^. English commanders. 30. The Successful period of Elizabeth's Reign. Reasons. 31. The Elizabethan Poor Law. i^. Conditions regarding the poor. 2^. Provisions of the Poor Law. 32. Increasing Wealth of England. i^. Four elements contributing to greater wealth. 2^. How it was exhibited among the poorer classes. 3^. How it was exhibited among the wealthier classes. TUDOR ENGLAND 33- 34- 35- 36. 37- 38. Dress and Eating. i^. The prevailing customs and styles. 2^. The Puritan criticism. 3^. The effects upon the humbler classes. Building. 1-. Character of changes — the causes. 2-. Ornamentation. Royal Progresses. I-. What they were. 2". The purpose. 3-. The effects upon the people. Love for shows. Elizabethan Literature. I-. Effect of the new learning of Henry VIII's time. 2-. Character of the literature. 3^. Italian influence. 4-. Writers. i^. Sir Philip Sidney — His position and rank. 2^. Edmund Spenser. I*. His position and rank. 2*. His works. 3^. Hooker — Philosophical. — "Ecclesiastical Polity." 4^. Camden — Historian. 5^. Francis Bacon — Essays. 6^ Sir Walter Raleigh — Historian. 7^. Shakespeare — Dramatist. Close of the Reign. I-. Effects of the difference in age of herself and her courtiers. 2^. Disgrace of Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, in Ireland. OBJECT: The one object to be sought in the study of the Tudor period is the establishing of the idea of absolutism — single, individual authority — such elements of a democratic nature that crept into the foundations of English national unity during this period are made to appear valueless through the benevo- lent spirit of the sovereigns in giving the classes such protection as they demanded without their im- mediate participation. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS ':^ STUART ENGLAND (1603 to 1714) ASSIGNMENT: Cheyney — Chapters 14, 15, 16, and 17 to section 487. Andrews — Chapters 11 and 12 to section 302. Montgomery — Period g. PRESENTATION : This lesson recounts those attempts in England to maintain a government founded on the " divine right " theory. The subject will best be understood by means of the following outline. G. STUART ENGLAND: I. Personal Monarchy. I. James I. i^. How he came to the throne. 2^. His character. i^. Education. 2^. Ideas of kingship. 3^ The established church— Anglican or Puritan. 4^. Puritanism. i^. What they demanded. 2^. Causes of adherence. 5^. Royalists' idea of government. i^. King's idea of the authority of Parliament. 2^. How Elizabeth controlled Parliament. 6^. Resistance of parliament. I*. Parliamentary authority of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. 7^. The Hampton Court Conference, i^. The purpose. 2^. The results. I''. The new canons — 1604. 2*. The new Version of the Scriptures. 8^ The Gunpowder plot, i^. Cause. 2'. Incidents. 9^ Proposed Union of Scotland and England. The "post nati." 10". Foreign Affairs. i'. Spanish War closed by treaty. 2^. Popular feeling regarding the thirty years' war in Germany. 3^. Spanish marriage negotiations. 4^. French marriage negotiations. 11^. Foreign Favorites. i''. Robert Carr — Duke of Somerset. 2^. George Villiers — Duke of Buckingham. 12^. Sir Francis (Lord) Bacon. i^. His position at the court of Elizabeth. 2^. Method by which he rose to the Chancellorship. 3^. A victim of the custom of the age — bribery. 13^ Sir Walter Raleigh. i^. His position at the court of Elizabeth. 2^. His attitude towards the policy of James. 3^. His expedition into the Spanish settlements of South America. 4^. His death — the circumstances. 14^. Settlement in America, i^. Jamestown — 1607. 2^. On the coast of Maine — 1608. 3^. Causes of failure. 15^ The Pilgrim Fathers. i^. Cause for leaving England. 2^. Cause for leaving Holland. 3^. Landing at Plymouth — 1620. 16^. The Puritan Emigration. i^. How they were attracted to America. 2^. Settled at Salem — 1628. 3^. Bermuda Islands. STUART ENGLAND 17^. East India and other Companies. I". Purpose. 2^. What they accomplished. 18^. Discord between : i^. King and Nation. I*. Closer union with Scotland. 2*. A marriage treaty with Spain. 3*. Toleration of Catholics. 4*. Persecution of Puritans. 5*. Peace at any price. 6*. Over the tax question. 7*. Right to rule without accounting to any one. 2^. King and Parliament. I*. Right to seat a contested member. 2*. Attempt to force certain measures. 3^. Financial disputes. 1*. Revenues inadequate to meet demands. 2*. King's expenses. 3*. The petition of the House of Commons to the King. 4*. The Great Protestation. I*. What it contained. 2*. The King's respect for it. 19^. Close of the Reign of James I. i^. Failure of his plans. 2'. Charles and Buckingham assuming authority. 3^. Impeachment of Middlesex. Charles I. I-. His education and general character. 2-. The influence of Buckingham. 3'. War with Spain. I*. The cause. 2^. The events. I*. The three fleets and what each accomplished. 2*. The attitude of the king towards parliament. 4^. The War with France, i^. Cause. 2^. Events. 3*. Results. 5-. Charles and Parliament. i^. The effect Buckingham had on determining the attitude of parliament. 2^. The impeachment of Buckingham. 3^. King's treatment of the citizens in his preparations for war. 4^ The "Petition of Right." I*. What it contained. 2*. Its importance. 5^. Religious Disputes. I*. Cause of a reversal of feeling towards Catholics. 2*. Puritanism in parliament. 6'. Tonnage and poundage. I*. Difference between a tax and a duty. 2*. Eliot's resolution. 6^. Personal Government of Charles I. i'. Similar experiences in France, Spain, and Germany. 2^. The Ministers. I*. Lord Weston — Treasurer. 2*. Thomas Wentworth — Earl of Strafford. 3*. William Laud — Bishop of London. 4*. Punishments. I''. Of Sir John Eliot. 2^. By the Star Chamber Court of i". Leighton. 2'^. William Prynne. 3^. By the Court of High Commission. 4^. What effect had these punishments upon public opinion? STUART ENGLAND 5*. Metropolitical Visitations. i^. Three reasons for Laud's failure. 1. Did not appreciate the religious feelings of the Puri- tans. 2. He had an exaggerated notion of the duty of submis- sion to authority. 3. His policy was force rather than persuasion. 6*. Declaration of Sports. i^. The Mediaeval idea of Sabbath observances. 2^. Provisions. 7*. Distraint of knighthood, monopolies, and the forests. Methods of raising money. 1°. Holders of land of certain rent values must become knights. 2^. Organization of corporations to monopolize trade. 3^^. Fines placed upon those who inclosed forest lands. 4^. Ship money. 1. The decision in the John Hampden case. 2. Popular objections. 8*. Thomas Wentworth — Earl of Strafford. v". President of the Council of the North. 2.''. Lord Deputy of Ireland. 3^^. Minister to the king — "Thorough" his policy. II. The Great Rebellion and the Commonw^ealth (1640- 1660) 1. The Scottish Rebellion. i^. Episcopacy. 2-. Presbyterianism. 3-. Efforts of James to reestablish the Episcopacy. 4-. The Edinburgh demonstration of 1637. The national covenant. 5-. The Edinburgh assembly of 1638. Five elements of a rebellious nature. 6-. The Anglo-Scotch treaty, i^. Terms. 2^. Its violation by the King. 2. The Short Parliament. I-. Purpose. Reasons for its dissolution. The pepper cargo amiy and what it accomplished. The calling and the advice of the Great Council. Long Parliament — 1640. Of whom composed. The feeling concerning personal government. Attitude in matters of control. Legislation. i^. Execution of Strafford. 2^. Constitutional Reforms. I*. "Non-dissolution Act." 2*. The "Triennial Act." 3*. The abolition of i^. The court of the Star Chamber. 2^. The court of High Commission. 3^ The council of the North. 4". The court of the Marches of Wales. 4*. Ship money declared illegal. 5*. Custom duties without consent of parliament prohibited. 6*. Fines forcing knighthood and enclosing forests prohibited. 7*. The Grand Remonstrance, i^. Its purpose. 2°. What it contained. 8*. The "Root and Branch Bill." Irish Rebellion — 1641. i^. Cause. 2^. Character. 3^. The danger of an army to crush the rebellion. 4^. Charles's charges of treason against Pym and Hampden. 3' The I- 2- 3^ 4' PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS c Locate on this map such facts of history as can be made to illustrate the growing differences between the English people and their King. STUART ENGLAND 6^ Attempted seizure of the five members, i^. Circumstances. 2^. Results. I*. Act of Parliament putting the army under control of a parliamen- tary general. 2*. Act of Parliament putting the country in a state of defense. 3*. King's demand of Sir John Hotham rejected. 4*. King raises his standard at Nottingham. 7=. Civil War. i^. Causes — See results of 6^ above. 2". Events. I*. The line-up of parties, i''. Cavaliers. 2^. Roundheads. 2*. The Solemn League and Covenant. ^The results at Marston Moor — 1644. 3*. Establishment of the Westminster Confession. 4*. The New Model Army. i''. Presbyterians — the peace party and why? 2^. Independents — the war party and why? 3^. The "Self-denying ordinance" and what it accomplished. 5*. The battle at Naseby — 1645. i^ Surrender of the king to the Scotch Army. 2^. King imprisoned at Holmby House. 6*. Negotiations with the king. 8^. Second Civil War. i^. Causes. I*. Attitude of Presbyterians and Independents on the restoration of the King. 2*. Parliament's attempt to disband the army. — Military custody of the king. 2'. Events. I*. Pride's Purge. 2*. The "Rump Parliament." The High Court of Justice. 1°. Its personnel. 2^. Its purpose and work. 3^. Its source of authority. 4^^. Its method of procedure and why? 3*. Change in the king's demeanor. 4*. How public opinion regarded the execution — Eikon Basilike. 9^. The Commonwealth. i^. Its organization. I*. The "Agreement of the People." 2*. The attitude and acts of the "Rump Parliament." i^. Council of state — the execution. 2^. Office of king abolished. 3^. House of Lords abolished. 2^. Conquests or military campaigns. I*. Ireland. i^. Cause. 2^. Events. 2*. In Scotland, i^. Cause. 2^. Events. 3^ Results. 3*. The Dutch War. 1°. Trade relations. 2^. Navigation Acts, i". Purpose. 2''. Provisions. 3''. Treaty of 1654. STUART ENGLAND 3^ Expulsion of the Long Parliament — End of the Commonwealth. Cromwell and the Army Officers. i^. Provisional Council of State. 2-. Call of the Little Parliament. Personal characteristics represented. The Protectorate. I-. The "Instrument of Government." i^. A Lord Protector. 2'. A Council of State. 3^. A parliament of one house. 2^ The Policy. i^. Abroad. I''. Secured protection to the Protestants of Savoy. 2*. Secured protection and indemnity for English merchants on the Mediterranean Sea. 3*. Carried on a successful war against Spain. 2^. At home. I*. Opposed by those who favored a more democratic government. 2*. Difficulty in raising money. The eleven military districts. 3'. The death of Cromwell. 4'. Richard Cromwell. I*. His inefficiency. 2*. His abdication. Long Parliament reassembles. I-. The summoning of the Convention Parliament. 2-. The dissolution — 1660. The Convention Parliament. The request to Prince Charles. PUPILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS PUFILS' NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS Locate on this map such places and facts of history as will illustrate the interregnum period — 1640 to 1660. STUART ENGLAND III. Personal Monarchy Restored — (1660-1688) 1. The Declaration of Breda. i^. What it set forth. 2". How it was received. The Resolution of May i, 1660. 2. Charles II. I-. Made legal the existing parliament. 2-. His character and determination. The lesson couched in this attitude. 3-. The Action of Parliament. i^. Confiscated estates returned. 2^. Soldiers paid and army disbanded. 3^. The act of pardons — the exceptions. 4''. Feudal payments due the king abolished. 5^. Laid a revenue tax on malt and some articles of common use. &. Episcopacy reestablished- — 1661. 7^. Clarendon Code. I''. Corporation Act — 1661. 2*. Act of Uniformity — 1662. i''. Provisions. 2^. Results. (The Dessenters). 3*. Conventicle Act — 1664. 4*. Five Mile Act — 1665. 4^. Declarations of Indulgencies. 1^. King's reasons for the declaration. The "dispensing power" of the king. 6\ 3". Parliament's objections. 4^. The Test Act — 1673. The Popish Plot — Titus Oates. The effect — The Exclusion Bill. The Succession to the Crown. Dread of Civil War. 1679. i^. Meeting of Parliament at Oxford. 2^. Attitude of leading parliamentarians. 3^ The "Rye House Plot." 4^. Execution of Russell and Sidney. 5^. Exile of the Duke of Monmouth. 8^ The Anglo-Dutch War of 1664. i'. Cause — trade rivalry. 2^. Events. I*. England's Navigation Acts. 2*. Channel Engagements. 3^ Terms of the Treaty of 1667.