A JSIMPLK AND HANUY STRANGER'S COMPANION, NATIONAL CAIM I AI SPECIAL EDITION FOR THE INAUGURATION OP 1881. W A S H I N iiii>i, / ► J^^ \ / 1 THE hk J HI M a A SIMPLE AND HANDY nf\\\ « STRANGER'S COMPANION, AT THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. SPECIAL EDITION FOR THE mAUGURATION OP 1881. 3^' (, cor- ^ED BY \ J. H SOUC Editor of the " United States Gazette J. H^SOULE, Publisher, WASHINGTON, D. C iSSi. 7b Entered according to act of Congress, in the year i88i, by J. H. SOULE, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, Wasliington, D. C. ^... TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Clue-Map of Washington. — First page of cover. General Account of Washington 7 The Capitol and Surroundings 9 Coast-Survey Building 15 Duddington Manor-House 15 Providence Hospital 15 Navy Yard , i6 Marine Barracks 16 Congressional Cemetery l6 United States Jail 16 Lincoln Square and Statuary 16 Deaf and Dumb Asylum 16 Government Printing Office 16 General Greene's Statue 16 Naval Monument 17 Botanic Garden 17 National Museum 17 Smithsonian Institution 1 7 Agricultural Department 18 Engraving and Printing Bureau 18 Washington Monument , . 18 Cai-p Ponds 19 Treasury Department 19 President's House 19 State Department 19 Navy Department 20 War Department 20 Signal Office 20 (iii) IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Ordnance Museum .... 20 Van-Ness House 20 Rawlins Statue 21 National Observatory 21 Washington Circle 21 Georgetown College 21 Oak Hill Cemetery 21 Castle Stewart - . 22 British Legation 22 Scott Statue 22 Louise Home ... 22 Thomas Statue 23 Franklin Square and School 23 McPherson Statue 23 Farragut Statue 23 Corcoran Art Gallery 23 Lafayette Square 23 Department of Justice 24 x\rmy Medical Museum 24 Patent Office 24 Dead Letter Office 25 Central Market 25 Government Insane Asylum 25 Mount Olivet Cemeteiy 25 Reform School 25 Bladensburg Battle and Dueling Grounds 26 Howard University 26 Soldiers' Home and Cemetery 26 Rock Creek Church 26 Cabin-John Bridge 27 Great Falls of the Potomac 27 Arlington 27 Signal Camp 27 Alexandria 27 Mount Vernon 28 TABLE OF CONTENTS. V PAGH. Railroads 28 Steamboat Lines 28 Street-car Lines 29 Hotels 30 Churches 32 Places of Amusement 33 OJ Societies Prominent Residents from Various States 35 Presidential Inaugurations from Washington to Hayes. 40 GENERAL ACCQONT OF WASHINGTON. Washington is a post-office, railroad, and steamboat town, with 148,000 inhabitants, situated upon the left bank of the Potomac river, at its junction with the Anacostia. It became the capital of the United States in the year 1800, and its site was selected by President Washington, and its plan designed by a French engineer of the Revolutionary aiTny, with exclusive reference to its becoming the seat of government of a great and rich nation. It has no interest nor importance, considered apart from its being the national capital. The site of Washington was formerly a part of the State of Maryland, but ever since its selection for national pur- poses it has been included in the limits of the District of Columbia, a piece of territory set off from that State for Federal uses, and belonging and subject wholly to the Fed- eral government. The ancient borough of Georgetown, now having a population of 12,500, is a part of the same District, and is only separated from Washington by name and by a narrow stream, called Rock Creek. The rest of the District is made up of the small villages of Brightwood, Ivy City, Mount Pleasant, Tennallytown, and Uniontown, and of agricultural lands, and has a population of nearly 18,000. The total population is 178,000, and the whole District is governed by a Board of Commissioners appointed by the President of the United States, with the consent of the Senate. The Federal government owns about one-half, in value, of the real property within the District, and pays from the national treasury one-half the cost of tlie local gov- ernment. (7; 8 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF WASHINGTON. The south front of the city is bounded by the Potomac river ; its east front by the Anacostia ; and its north and west fronts by picturesque ranges of hills. The streets are run due north and south and east and west, and broad ave- nues are struck across these streets at various angles and from numerous centres, for purposes of governmental con- venience and architectural effect. In addition to the natural beauty of its site and surround- ings, and its healthy and moderate climate, Washington is noted for the grandeur of the public buildings, the width, smootliness, and cleanliness of the principal streets, the number and beauty of its parks, the extent of its orna- mental herbage and foliage, the number of its statues and fountains, and the abundance of its water-supply. The general style of living is leisurely and comfortable ; educa- tion is abundantly provided and keenly appreciated; tlie averao-e of culture and intelligence is veiy high, and social life of a distinctive and piquant character. Large contin- gents of foreign diplomats, of highly-trained army and navy officers, of scientists in the service of the government, of administrative experts, of journalists and lawyers attracted by the presence of the government, and of publicists in Congress, give a peculiar tone and coloring to what is called "Society." The " distance point" of Washington is the Capitol, the principal front of which faces tnie to the east, and which is discernible from almost eveiy part of the city, by reason of its lofty dome, topped by a gi-eat bronze statue representing " Freedom." The city lies mainly to the northwestward of the Capitol, and the chief thoroughfare is Pennsylvania Avenue, from the west gate of the Capitol to the Treasury, a distance of about one mile. The hotel, boarding-house, and dining-room accommoda- DIAGRAM OF The Capitol. 1 Discovery of America. 3 Settlement of Axuerica. 3 Peace. 4 War. 5 Brouze-Door of Capitol. C ytaii'way to l>ume. 7 Speaker's Desk. S Speaker's Room, i/ Teuiussee Mai-ble Stair- way. 10 ilarljle Stairway to Lciitzo's Fi-esco. 11 liooiii directly over Commii tee -Room of Afjriculture. 12 llooni directlj' over Senate Militaiy Com- mittee Room. 13 Room directly over Senate Naval - Com- mittee-Room. 11 Room of Senate Com- mittee on Indian Af- fairs directly beneath this part of coi-ridor. IJ Decorated coiTldor be- neath this one, on floor below. 16 President's Room, 17 Marble Room. 18 Vice-President's Room. li» Ladies' Reception - Room. 20 Senate Post Office. 21 Senate Bronze-Door. 'i'i Marble Stairway to Powell's Paintinff. 83 Marble Stairway to Walker's Painting. 24 Bronze-Rail Stairvvavs. 25 Room wherein John Quincy Adams died. 20 Ea.^tern Steps, facing CJreenouKh's Wash- ington and Broui;e Lamps. 27 Staircase leading to Western Steps, Penu- isylvania Avenne, Bo- tanic Curden, etc. P " i " "l i^ REPRESENTATIVES P" ^"SUii^ ?s : = a #j^- ■• •• •• 4J SENATE L-| j ^ ^ , a ■■-. .. .. .. j-q ■ CHA.VlBtU f-} •» ifl*. •« I ^Jxriil— ^5^ — ^^^3; THE CAPITOL. 9 tion of Washington is unsurpassed in quantity, and the quality is generally fair, and much of it excellent. Washington is a station on the great highways between North and Soutii, East and West, and therefore especially convenient as a stop-over point to travelers desiring to visit it while on a through journey. jVote. — The contents of the book and the clue-map arc arranged upon the idea of a tourist beginning at the east front of the Capitol and taking a route which will bring him in succession to every place of interest, without retrac- ing his steps at any point. The visitor will find an opera or field glass very useful. THE CAPITOL. The visitor will make his way to that front of the Capi- tol where he can stand by the seated statue of Washington, and face the figure above the dome. Observe on the left the House wing, of white marble from Massachusetts. Observe directly in front the central building, of painted sandstone, surmounted by an iron and glass dome, a lantern, and a bronze statue, eighteen feet high, representing Free- dom, designed by Crawford. Observe above the middle portico a small group of statuary, representing tlie Genius of America ; tlie central figure being America, tlie one on her left Hope, and the other Justice. Observe on one side of the steps a marble group by Persico, representing the Discovery of America; Columbus holding aloft a globe, while beside him cowers an Indian girl. Observe on the opposite side a group by Greenough, representing the Settle- ment of America ; a frontiersman preventing the massacre of his wife and child by an Indian brave. Observe to the right the Senate wing of the building, with a group of statuaiy by Crawford over the portico, representing the 12 THE CAPITOL. the iantern and the statue of Freedom, and has a grand view of the city and its environs. To the southward, down the river, is Alexandria ; to tlie westward, across the river, the white pillars of Arlington House ; to the southeastward, across tlie Anacostia, the Insane Asylum; to the northwest- ward, the Soldiers' Home, Howard University, and George- town College. The visitor will now descend the stairway to the Rotunda floor again, and then pass out beneath Daniel Boone and the Indians and along a short vestibule, when he will come to the Statuary Hail, formerly the Hall of Representatives. This chamber is modeled after an ancient Grecian theatre. Observe the pillars of Potomac marble. Observe the mar- ble clock by Franzoni, representing History seated in the Car of Time. Observe the statues of Governor King, of Maine ; Ethan Allen, of Vermont ; John Winthrop and Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts;. Alexander Hamilton, George Clinton and Robert R. Livingston, New York; General Greene and Roger Williams, Rhode Island; Jonathan Trumbull and Roger Sherman, Connecticut ; Colonel Baker, of Oregon; the famous bronze Jefferson, by David of An- gers; Houdon's Washington, Vinnie Ream's Abraham Lincoln (cost ^15,000), and two or three busts. Pass out of Statuary Hall and along a corridor, and come to the new Hall of Representatives, This chamber is 139 feet long, 93 feet wide, and 36 feet high, vvrith iron ceiling and painted glass skylight. Observe the beautiful marble desk of the Speaker, the portraits of Washington and Lafayette on either side of the chair, also the Canon of King's River and the Discovery of the Fludson, by Bierstadt, and Washington at Yorktown, by Brumidi. Note the Speaker's room, a handsome apart- ment, to the left and rear of the Representatives' chamber. Pass out of the Hall of Representatives by the door to THE CAPITOL. 1 3 the right of the Speaker, turn to the left, and see, up a Tennessee marble stairway, Troye's portrait of General Scott, and at the foot of the stairs, Powers' statue of Jeffer- son. Come back to the hall, and pass out of the door to the left of the Speaker, turn to the right, and see, up an- other marble stairway, Leutze's fresco of an Emigrant Train Crossing the Rocky Mountains, with a view of the entrance to San Francisco harbor beneath it. At the foot of the stairs, observe a bronze bust of the Chippewa chief Buffalo, from life. Descend from here to the floor below, and examine Bru- midi's frescoes in the room of the Committee on Agricul- ture. This committee-room lies in the west end of the building. Proceed eastward on the same floor, turn to the left in a wide, pillared corridor, and reach the Crypt, an apart- ment beneath the Rotunda, with numerous pillars to sup- port the floor above. Beneath the star in the pavement is a tomb, at one time intended for the remains of Washing- ton and his wife. Proceed along, still northwardly, and come at last, by turning to the left, to various committee rooms of the Senate, richly frescoed. Observe particularly the rooms of the committees on Military, Naval and Indian Affairs. Observe also the elaborate decorations of the walls of the corridors hereabouts. While here, descend to the cellar floor, and inspect the Senate heating and venti- lating apparatus. Return to the door of the House Com- mittee on Agriculture, and from that locality descend to the cellar floor and inspect the House heating and ventilat- ing apparatus. Now get back to the Rotunda. Leave the Rotunda again by the door beneath Penn and the Indians, and proceed around an oval vestibule till, on the right, the door of the Supreme Court room is reached. This is the old Senate Chamber. Leaving it, and continu- 1 6 OBJECTS EAST OF THE CAPITOL. Stevens when leader of Congress. A little northeast of Ducldington ; 2d and D streets. Navy- Yard. — Southeast of the Capitol, foot of 8th street, on Anacostia river. Make tour oT the workshops, inspect the museum, and visit ship-houses and monitors. Marine Barracks. — A little way up 8th street, from Navy- Yard gate. Visit the armory. Congressional Cemetery. — Go up 8th street, from Marine Barracks to E street, then turn to right and continue to 19th street. Observe monument to young women killed by Arsenal explosion during war. Observe monuments to VV^illiam Wirt, Elbridge Gerry, and George Clinton. Many interesting graves are here, also some 150 memorial tombs of members of Congress dying in office. New Jail. — A little north of Congressional Cemeteiy, along 19th street. Apply to warden for objects of interest. Lincoln Square. — From jail, go along Massachusetts Avenue towards Capitol, till this park is reached. Observe famous bronze group of " Emancipation." Deaf and Dumb Institution. — From Lincoln Square, advance tov\fards the Capitol, but at 7th street turn to the right, and proceed to M street. Apply at door for informa- tion as to objects of interest. Government Printing Office. — From last-named place, retrace steps to H street, then turn to right and go, in direction of Capitol, to North Capitol street. This is the largest printing house in the world, and full of interest. Apply to watchman at any door for admission. Statue of General Greene. — From last-named place, proceed towards Capitol, along North Capitol or ist street, to Massachusetts Avenue; then turn to left and advance four or five squares. H. K. Browne, sculptor. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. I 7 Return now to Capitol, and proceed to northwest part of grounds, at Pennsylvania Avenue. Naval Monument, — A large marble group by Sim- mons, standing in Pennsylvania Avenue, to the rear and somewhat to the left of the Capitol. The upper figures represent America and History. The figure below repre- sents Victory ; the two statuettes. Mars (standing for the marine corps) and Neptune (standing for the navy proper). The figure at the back is Peace. Botanic Garden. — Situated to the left and front of the naval monument, with entrance opposite Capitol grounds. Observe the large Bartholdi fountain, from the Centennial exhibition, and the rare collection of tropical and sub- tropical plants*' in the great conservatory, especially the banana, camphor, bread, india-rubber, bamboo, coffee, and cinnamon trees. National Museum. — A large, new, and handsome building, just erected to contain and exhibit the collections presented to the United States by foreign governments ex- hibiting at Philadelphia in 1876. It will not be fitted up for that purpose till after the Inauguration Ball has been held in it on the night of March 4th, 1881. Leave the Botanic Garden by the gate furthest from the Capitol, and proceed straight across the park in front towards a larg° brown building, with many towers. Smithsonian Institution. — This is the many-towered building just mentioned, the two structures being close together. It was founded by the bequest of James Smith- son, a wealthy and eccentric Englishman, (who died in 1828,) for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. The United States government is the trustee of the fund, and the trust is managed by a Board, of which the President, Vice-President and heads of departments are 2 1-8 WASHINGTON MONUMENT. always members. General Sherman and Professors Noah Porter, Asa Gray and Heniy Coppee, are also members of the board. The institution is devoted to original research in all branches of science, and it also manages the national museum belonging to and supported by tlie government. Both the outside and inside of the building are worth close inspection. The surrounding park was wholly designed and partly laid out by Andrew Jackson Downing, a famous landscape gardener, (whose memorial vase is to be seen in the part towards the Capitol), and is much lauded for stateliness and beauty. Observe the ancient sarcophagus by the principal entrance, and note the perfection of the sculptures upon it. " The Smithsonian" is one of the sights that must not be missed by any visitor, however hurried. Department of Agriculture. — A large brick building to the left of the Smithsonian — that is, further away from the Capitol. Visit the museum, the conservatory and the gardens, and note the handsome little fountain to the rear of the building, and the lane of box-hedge at the near end of the conservatoi-y. Bureau of Engraving and Printing. — A large, prominent building to the left and rear of the Agricultural Department, two squares distant. The various processes of engraving and printing the " greenbacks," bonds, bank notes and revenue stamps will be shown and explained to the visitor. Washington Monument. — A tall, white, square shaft to the left and front of the last-named building. In the Centennial year. Congress undertook the obligation of fin- ishing what private contributions had begun, and the work will go on till tiae present height of less than 200 feet is increased to upwards of 500 feet. The original foundation TREASURY AND WHITE HOUSE. 1 9 has been strengthened by taking away seven-tenths of the soil, and replacing it with concrete, and extending the foundation (the extension being also of concrete) to more than twice its former size. See the collection of presenta- tion stones. Carp Ponds. — A collection of ponds, a short distance beyond the Monument, for the propogation of the carp as a common food-fish of the United States. Professor Baird, director of the Smithsonian Institution, is at the head of the commission for increasing tlae supply of food-fishes. Treasury Department. — A vast, granite building, about rive squares to the front and a little to the right of the fish-ponds. After leaving the ponds, turn to the right and then to the left, going along 15th street. First make a complete and watchful circuit of the building outside, and then enter (before 2 o'clock p. m.) by the front looking towards tlae Washington monument. Inquire of the watchman the way to tlie "Cash Room," a beautiful apart- ment of marble, and be sure to ascend to the inside gallery, above the floor. Read the descriptions of marbles upon the hanging boards in the room. Apply to the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer, across the hall, for a permit to the vaults. Next inquire for the Redemption Division, which visit. See also the counterfeiting curiosities in tlie Secret Service office, if possible. President's House. — A white mansion to the right of the Treasury Building when facing the Monument. Lnter by the door beneath a large porch, fronting towards the street. See the East room, to the left of diis entrance, and, if possible, get a glimpse of the Green, Blue, Red ^nd vState-dining rooms, by soliciting the private secretary up -lairs. State, War and Navy Building. — A vast, lofty and 20 NEW STATE AND WAR DEPARTMENTS. unfinished granite building, standing on the opposite side of the President's house from that on which the Treasury- stands. Enter by tlae flight of steps looking towards the President's house, and on the floor above see the room of the Secretary of the Navy, and the Navy Department library rooms ; also the collection of portraits in the tem- porary apartments of the Secretary of War, and, if possi- ble, get a view from the roof of the building. Leave by the same door as that entered, and turn to right and walk to lower end of building, to gain admission to State Department. Here inquire for Declaration of Independ- ence, Diplomatic Reception Room, Secretary's room and library-room, and, if possible, get a look at some of the treaties, with signatures and seals of various sovereigns attached. Signal Office. — This office is on G street, between 17th and 1 8th streets, the State Department being on 17th oppo- site F street. Standing at that front of the State Depart- ment which faces the Monument, the Signal Office or " Weather Bureau" is to the right and rear. Visit the instrument room on the upper floor. Ordnance Museum. — This interesting room is on the second floor of a large white buildmg, corner 17th and F streets, diagonally opposite one of the ends of the State De- partment. Observe particularly the collection of Confeder- ate battle-flags. Van-Ness House. — An interesting old mansion on 17th street, about four squares below the State Departjuent, and a little above the left end of the carp ponds. It was the homestead of General Van Ness, a distinguished man in politics and society soon after the establishment of Wash- ington, married to the only child of Farmer Burns, who was enriched by the locating of the city upon his farms. OnSKKVATORY AND JESUIT COLLEGE. 2 1 Rawlins Statue. — Go back from the last-named place up i/th street, and one square before reaching the State Department turn to the left. This statue was made from captured cannon, at the expense of General Grant and other friends of John A. Rawlins, who shared Grant's company, conhdence, and fortunes from the beginning of tlie war to the subject's death, in 1869. Naval Observatory. — This lies four squares to the right of Rawlins Square when facing the Washington monument. It was raised to great fame by Lieutenant Maury, who joined the Confederate cause in 1 861. It is to be removed to higher ground, far back from the marshy banks and misty atmosphere of the river. See the great $50,000 tele- scope, made in the United States ; the smaller and older telescope, from Munich ; and the chronometer room, whence correct time is furnished daily by telegraph to the whole country. Washington Circle. — A small round park at Pennsyl- vania Avenue and 23d street, six squares further back from the the river than the observatory. See Mills' equestrian statue of General Washington at the battle of Princeton, the face being an excellent likeness. Georgetown College. — From the Circle, proceed along Pennsylvania Avenue beyond 26th street, and over the bridge into Georgetown ; thence along Bridge street, turn- ing to the right into High street, and to the left when Dun- barton street is reached. This is a Jesuit college, of high reputation and over ninety years old. See the library, laboratory, and museum. Oak Hill Cemetery. — Go back along Dunbarton street from the college, past High street two squares, and turn to the left into Washington street. The cemetery is four squares beyond Dunbarton street. It is beautiful both by 2 2 BRITISH txMBASSY AND SCOTT STA'JLJE. nature and by art. See the chapel, also the graves of Chief Justice Chase and Secretary Stanton. Castle Stewart. — From Oak Hill go back along Wash- ington street, turning left into West street, and so along over the bridge into P street, Washington. Keep along P street past 20th, till a circle is reached — then to the left, fronting on the circle, observe the large creamy-colored "building. This w^as erected and magnificently furnished by Senator vStewart, of Nevada, who was connected with the famous " Emma Mine" transaction. It has been badly damaged by fire, and has proved a sad loss and disappointment to the owner. British Embassy. — To the right and front of Castle Stewart lies a broad and handsome thoroughfare, with a street car track in it. This is Connecticut Avenue, and a short way down, on the right, is a large brick house with a carriage -porch surmounted by the Lion and Unicorn, and the imperial crown on the gateway lamps. This is the residence of the British Minister, and the property of the British Government, and by the public law concerning am- bassadors, as much British territory and as foreign to the United States as though it were in London. Scott Statue. — This lies in front of the British embassy, between two and three squares distant. Proceed along N street. The statue is by Brown, of New York, and the figure looks directly toward the President's house. Louise Home. — Go along Massachusetts Avenue to the left and front of the Scott statue, and a short distance down, on the right-hand side of the avenue, observe a large brick building with the above name inscribed on it. This is a home for ladies in reduced circumstances, established by Mr. Corcoran, a citizen of Washington, in memory of his deceased wife and daughter, and is named after them. LAFAYETTE SQUARE. 23 Thomas Statue. — To the right of the Louise Home, in a large circular space, observe the magnificent bronze statue of General George H. Thomas, erected by the Society of the Army of the Cumberland in memory of the " Rock of Chickamauga," in November, 1879. Franklin Square. — This is a handsome park, lying two squares to the front and slightly to the left of the Thomas statue. Opposite its northeast corner stands the Franklin School, regarded as one of the finest public school build- ings in the country. Apply to the janitor for information and a view of it. McPherson Statue. — Leave Franklin Square by I or K street, walk away from the direction of the schoolhouse, and at the next street beyond the extremity of the Square see this eque^tiian statue, erected by the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, in memory of its slain commander. Farragut Statue. — This stands in an open space two squares to the left-hand of the McPherson statue. It is by Vinnie Ream Hoxie, of Washington. Corcoran Art Gallery. — From the Farragut statue, pro- ceed along 17th street towards the new War Department building, looming up between two and three squares off. At the comer of 17th street and Pennsylvania Avenue stands the Art Gallery, a handsome brick and stone build- ing, the gift of Mr. Corcoran to his fellow-citizens of Washington. Admission free on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays ; on other days, 25 cents. Purchase a catalogue of the janitor, inside the door, or it will be impossible to examine the magnificent collection of statuary, bronzes, pottery, curiosities, and paintings enjoyably or intelli- gently. Lafayette Square. — One square to the left of the Art Gallen', opposite the President's house, is this lovely park, 24 PATENT OFFICE. planted with rare trees and shnib.s. In the centre, observe Mills' statue of General Jackson at New Orleans, cast from ordnance captured in that battle. The rearing hoi-se is not supported or held by anything but his two hind feet ; the sculptor alleging that the only trick consists in a close study and copy of the living horse when rearing. Observe the twin bronze vases, copied after an ancient Grecian urn. Department of Justice. — This Department occupies the building of the ill-fated Freedmen's Bank, just beyond Lafayette Square, and opposite the north front of the Treas- ury. See portraits of various Atttorney-Generals of the United Stales in the Attorney-General's room. Army Medical Museum.^From the Department of of Justice, cross to the Treasury and proceed along its old, dingy-looking front half-way down, then turn to the left into F street. Proceed along F street five squares to loth street, turn to the right, and on the left-hand side of loth near F street, see a lai-ge, plain brick building. This is the old Ford's Theatre, wherein President Lincoln was mur- dered. The medical and surgical museum is on the third floor, and open to the public. Many curious specimens are contained in it. Medical men will be interested in the library and the portraits of eminent physicians. Observe, across the street, the small brick house with a marble tablet let into the front wall, announcing that President Lincoln died therein. Patent Office. — Return to F street and turn to the right, and one square distant, see the Patent Office building. This covers two squares of ground, and the front on G street is especially majestic. The building and contents were greatly injured by fire in 1877. See the model-rooms on second floor, including among their contents the Washington relics, Franklin's printing press, and Lincoln's model. SIGHTS IN THE SUBURBS. 25 Genecal Post-Office. — A handsome marble building, across F street, from the Patent office. Get permit at the Finance Bureau to visit the Dead Letter Office, and see also Dr. Franklin's account-book as Postmaster-General of the United Colonies. Washington Central Market. — Leaving the Post- Office Department, travel away from the Patent Office by 7th or 8th street to Pennsylvania Avenue, when the market building is seen across the street, fronted by a small park and lake. A visit to this handsome and spacious market on any Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday morning is well worth making. SIGHTS IN THE SUBURBS. Government Insane Asylum. — Cross the Anacostia to right and rear of the Navy Yard by a handsome bridge, and take road to right for about three-quarters of a mile. Street-cars start from steamboat wharves at 6th and 7th streets and pass Navy Yard near to Marine Barracks, cross the bridge, and discharge passengers within little more than a quarter mile of Asylum. Visitors admitted only on Wednesdays from 2 to 6 p. m. Insane of army and navy, and indigent insane of District of Columbia, admitted free. A very interesting and beautiful place. Mount Olivet Cemetery. — On the Bladensburg pike, one mile to the right and slightly to the rear of the Eman- cipation group in Lincoln Square. A burial ground for Roman Catholics, containing many interesting graves and monuments, which the gate-keeper will indicate. Mrs. Surratt and Captain Wirz, of Andersonville prison, are buried here. Reform School. — On the right side of the Bladensburg pike, 1 1^ miles beyond Mount Olivet; a public reformatory for boys. 26 SIGHTS IN THE SUBURBS. Bladensburg. — An ancient village, 2^ miles beyond the Reforai School, on the Bladensburg pike. Inquire for the battle-ground where the American militia made such a wretched defense in 1 8 14, leaving Washington to be occu- pied and partly destroyed by a British force. Inquire for the dueling-ground, where many noted Americans have fought, and where Commodore Decatur and Congressman Cilley, of Maine, were slain. Trains run from Washington :o Bladensburg, from the depot near the Capitol, many :mes a day. Howard University. — Stand on 7th street, so as to have the Patent and Post -Office buildings on the left-hand, and go straight forward for i^miles. The buildings stand on the right of the 7th street road. This is a college for colored youths, founded by the Freedmen's Bureau. Soldiers' Home. — From Howard University return to 7th street road and go nearly a mile further out, then turn to the right down a tree-planted lane and go along till a gate is encountered. This is an asylum for aged soldiers of the Regular Army, standing in an extensive park of sur- passing loveliness. The leading objects of interest are the swans, the hospital, the " home" building, the summer cot- tages of the President and Secretary of War, the English farm-yard, and the avenue of maples and evergreens. The park is the fashionable carriage-drive in pleasant weather. Adjoining the park, near the " home" building, is a national cemetery, wherein some 5,500 Union soldiers are buried. It will repay a visit. Rock Creek Church. — An ancient Episcopal church, nearly adjacent to the national cemetery, and to the right of it when standing with back to the cemetery. The church Bible, still in use, is 154 years old. The cemetery contains several interesting graves, tombs, vaults, and monuments. SIGHTS IN THE SUBURiiS. 27 Cabin-John Bridge, — About 7 miles beyond George- town College, by the road skirting the river. This is one j)f the famous bridges of the world. It spans Cabin-John's creek by a single arch of 220 feet diameter. Its use is to carry the aqueduct which supplies Washington with water across the valley of the creek. This aqueduct is a brick :ylinder nine feet inside diameter, 12 miles long, and is capable of delivering into reservoirs 8o,ooo,coo gallons of water a day. The bridge and the aqueduct are the work of Quartermaster- General Meigs, and are regarded as won- ders of engineering skill. Five other bridges and twelve tunnels are also used in the conveyance of the aqueduct. The aqueduct is right under the carriage-road along which the visitor travels. Great Falls of Potomac. — A series of grand cascades in the Potomac river, about 7 miles above Cabin-John bridge. Near the falls the aqueduct commences. Arlington. — Cross the Potomac river at Georgetown by the long wooden bridge below the college, and follow the road to the left about a mile. Arlington House was the residence of Robert E. Lee before the war. During the war the government converted the grounds into a national cemetery. The graves of some 16,000 soldiers are in this cemetery, including the 21 11 unknown buried beneath the great granite tomb surmounted by cannon. Nobody misses Arlington. Signal Camp of Instruction. — This camp is at Fort Whipple, only a short distance from Arlington, and a visit to it will give an idea of the kind of defenses with which Washington was completely encircled during the war. Alexandria. — A city of Virginia seven miles below Washington, on the Potomac river, accessible hourly by ferry-boat and railroad, and once an important centre of 28 RAILROADS, STEAMBOATS. shipping and the carrying trade. Inquire the way to Christ church, see the pews of Washington and General Lee, and some interesting old tombstones in the church-yard. Mount Vernon. — Nine miles below Alexandria, on the Virginia side of the Potomac. Accessible by steamer *' W. W. Corcoran" from foot of 7th street, Washington, eveiy week-day at 10 o'clock. The journey down the river gives fine views of the Arsenal grounds, the Insane Asy- lum, Alexandria, and Fort Washington. See the tombs of Washington and his wife Martha in the open vault ; also the Mansion House and contents. Eveiything of interest is pointed out and explained to the visitors in a body after their debarkation from the steamboat. No stranger should leave Washington without visiting Mount Vernon. It is almost as if Washington had but just left it. RAILROADS. Baltimore and Ohio. — All important points North, East and West. Depot, New Jersey avenue and C street, to left and rear of Capitol. Baltimore and Potomac. — All important points North, East, West and South. Depot, Sixth and B streets, just off from Pennsylvania avenue, six squares to rear of Capitol and grounds. See any Washington newspaper for time and destination of departing trains. STEAMBOATS. New York. — By sea-going vessels every Friday morn- ing from Georgetown. Ticket office, 1416 F street. Norfork and Fort Monroe. — Monday, Wednesday and Friday afternoons, from foot of Sixth street. Alexandria. — Every hour from foot of Seventh street, Potomac Ferry-house. STREET-RAILWAYS. 29 Potomac River Settlements. — Every Sunday, Mon- day, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning, from foot of Sixth and Seventh streets. Many old colonial towns and settlements are thus accessible, making interesting excursions for those who have time and are fond of visiting quaint and remote neighborhoods. Mount Vernon, — Steamer "W. W. Corcoran" from foot of Seventh street, daily, at ten o'clock. STREET-RAILWAYS. Belt Line. — Begins on Maryland avenne, to rear and right of Capitol grounds, and ends at same place. Passes by or near National Museum, Smithsonian, Agricultural Department, Washington Monument, Carp Ponds, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Treasury, Capitol, Naval Monument and Botanic Garden. Columbia Line. — Begins at Treasury, near Depart- ment of Justice, and ends at beginning of Bladensburg pike, ly^ miles to front and left of Capitol. Passes by or uear Franklin Square and Government Printing Office, and four squares from Deaf and Dumb Institution, and half mile from Mount Olivet Cemetery. Metropolitan Line. — From Georgetown, near the Col- lege, to Lincoln Park. Branches from Senate wing to State Department; from Seventh street, half mile inside from Howard University, to Potomac river, foot Four and a Half street, i^ miles to right and somewhat to rear of Capitol, and from terminus at Seventh street to near Sol- diers' Home and Rock Creek church. Passes by or near Oak Hill Cemetery, Castle Stewart, British Legation, Scott Statue, Louise Home, Farragut Statue, McPherson Statue, Lafayette Square, Corcoran Art Gallery, State, War and Navy Departments, President's House, Department of Jus- 30 HOTELS. tice, Treasury, Army Medical Museum, Patent Office, Post Office, Capitol, Washington Market, Howard University, Railroad Depots and Steamboat Wharves. Washington and Georgetown Line. — From George- town, at Bridge street, six squares on Washington side of the College* to Navy Yard. Branches from Seventh street, half mile inside Howard University, to steamboat wharves on Potomac river at Sixth and Seventh streets, and from Treasury, near Department of Justice, to Fourteenth street and city boundary. Passes by or near Washington Circle, Corcoran Art Gallery, Lafayette Square, Department of Justice, State, War and Navy Departments, Pi-esident's House, Treasury, Army Medical Museum, Washington Market, Botanic Garden, Naval Monument, Capitol, Marine Barracks, Patent Office, Post Office, National Museum, Smithsonian, Franklin Square, McPherson Statue, Thomas Statue, Louise Home, Scott Statue, Railroad Depots and Steamboat Wharves. Connections. — Transfer tickets for branch lines given on Metropolitan and Washington and Georgetown lines. Each of the four lines crosses all the rest, but in such com- plex ways that inquiry must be made of any policeman, shop-keeper, conductor or driver. HOTELS. American House. — Pennsylvania avenue and 7th ^street. Arlington. — Vermont avenue and H street, near Lafay- ette Square. Boyle's Hotel. — C street, near Baltimore & Ohio R. R. depot. Congressional Hotel. — New Jersey avenue, opposite Coast Survey office. HOTELS. 31 Continental. — Pennsylvania avenue, near 3d street. Ebbitt House. — F street, near Treasury. Emmet House. — New Jersey avenue, opposite Balti- more and Ohio R. R. depot. Globe House. — F and 12th streets, between Treasury and Patent Office. Hamilton House. — K and 14th streets, opposite Franklin Square. Hiilman House. — North Capitol street, near Capitol. Holmes House. — New Jersey avenue, opposite Balti- more & Ohio R. R. depot. Howard House. — Pennsylvania avenue and 6th street. Imperial Hotel. — Fronting Pensylvania avenue, one and a half squares below Treasury. Mades' Hotel. — Pennsylvania avenue and 3d street. Metropolitan. — Pennsylvania avenue, near 7th street. Meyer's Hotel. — Pennsylvania avenue, near Four and a Half street. National Hotel. — Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth street. Owen House. — Pennsylvania avenue, near Fifteenth street. Riggs House. — Fifteenth street, opposite Treasury. St. Charles. — Pennsylvania avenue and Third street. ^ St. James. — Pennsylvania avenue and Sixth street. St. Marc. — Pennsylvania avenue and Seventh street. Tremont House, — Indiana avenue, near Baldmore and Ohio R. R. depot. >A^ashington House. — Pennsylvania avenue and Third street. 32 CHURCHES. Willard's Hotel. — Pennsylvania avenue and Four- teenth street, Wormley's Hotel. — H and Fifteenth streets, near Lafayette square. Note. — The Arlington, Ebbitt, Riggs, Metropolitan, Na- tional and Willard's are the first-class general hotels. The Hamilton House and Wormley's are first-class family hotels, of a more private character than those just named.' The Imperial and Washington are somew^hat lower-priced than the other leading hotels. The St. James and Tremont are the leading hotels of the second-class for transient patronage. Several good hotels are included in the re- mainder of the list. CHURCHES. Baptist. — Calvary, H and 8th streets; First Church, 13th near H street. Catholic. — St. Aloysius, North Capitol and I streets ; St. Matthew's, H and 15th streets. Christian. — Vermont Avenue and N street (General Garfield's church.) Congregational. — G and loth streets. Episcopal. — Ascension, Massachusetts Avenue and 1 2th street, near Thomas Statue ; Epiphany, G near 14th street, below Treasury; St. John's, H and 1 6th streets, opposite Lafayette Square. Hebrew. — Orthodox, G and 6th streets ; Reformed, 8th above H street : both near Patent Ofiice. Lutheran. — Memorial, N and 14th streets, near Thomas Statue. Methodist. — Foundry, G and 14th streets, near Treas- '- M, THEATRES. 33 ury ; Metropolitan, C and Four and a Half streets, near Pennsylvania Avenue. Presbyterian. — First, Four and a Half street, near Louisiana Avenue ; New York Avenue, New York Avenue near 14th street. Quaker. — I near iSth street. Swedenborgian. — North Capitol street, near Capitol. Unitarian. — All Souls, L and 14 streets, near Thomas Statue. Universalist. — Talmadge Hall, F near loth street. Note. — The above-named are either the only qk the best known churches of the several denominations. THEATRES. National Theatre. — Fronting Pennsylvania Avenue near 14th street, below Treasury Department. Ford's Opera House. — Adjoining Pennsylvania Ave- nue at Ninth street, near Central Market. Theatre Comique. — Eleventh Street below Pennsyl- vania Avenue. (Not visited by ladies.) SOCIETIES. Freemasons. — Masonic Temple, F and 9th streets, near Patent Office. Grand Secretary and janitor on premises, and will give all necessary information about lodges and leading men of the order. Odd-Fellows. — Odd-Fellows' Hall, 7th street between Pennsylvania Avenue and Post-Office Department. In- quii-e of Grand Secretary or janitor, on premises, for all information. Knights of Pythias.— Inquire of J. T. Coldwell, 806 F street, or Halvor Nelson, 13 19 9th street. N. W. 34 SOCIETIES. Temperance. — Temperance Hall, 9th near E street. Inquire on premises for information about leading members of various orders. Grand Army of the Republic. — Grand Army Hall, 9th and D streets. Inquire on premises of janitor, or of J. O. P. Burnside, Post-Office Department, Paul Brodie, Pension Bureau, or Charles C. Royce, 816 F street. Boys in Blue. — Inquire of E. C. Ford, S02 F street, Paul Brodie, Pension Bureau, or George Truesdell, 605 7th street. Mexican War Veterans. — Inquire of A. M. Kenaday, 621 H street. Young Men's Christian Association. — Hall, corner D and 9th streets, near Pennsylvania x\venue. Officers always m attendance. Legal Society. — Bar Association. Inquire of Enoch Totten, L. G. Hine, or William A. Maury, all in vicinity ot court house, Louisiana Avenue, opposite Four and a Half street. Medical Societies.— Inquire of Dr. J. French Harti- gan. No. 1 1 25 14th street. Musical Societies. — Inquire of S. E. Middleton, 1427 F street. English Society of St. George.— St. George's Hall, nth near F street. Inquire of C. B. Brookes, office of Secretary of War, or Charles F. Benjamin, Corcoran Build- ing. French Society. — Inquire of N. Demongeot, No. 616 9th street. German Society. — Inquire of Charles Schneider, No. 413 I .street. Irish Society of St. Patrick. — Inquire at Cosmopoli- tan Hall, E and Eighth streets. PROMINENT RESIDENTS. 35 Italian Society. — Inquire of Aiigelo Ghiselli, No. 1730 Pennsylvania avenue. Scotch Society of St. Andrew. — Inquire of William Saunders, Agricultural Department, or George Cowie, Treasury Department. Swiss Society. — Inquire at Swiss Consulate, Penn- sylvania avenue and Tenth street. PROMINENT RESIDENTS OF WASHINGTON FROil THE SEVERAL STATES. NEW ENGLAND STATES. Maine. — Thomas J. Hobbs, Sumner I. Kimball and Thomas B. Sanders, Office of Secretary of Treasury ; W. H. Mills, Fourth Auditor's Office ; Hon. E. B. Smith, Department of Justice ; J. W. Babson, Patent Office. New Hampshire. — Honorables J. K. Upton, J. H. Ela and Charles Chesley, Treasury Department ; James I. Christie, Senate doorkeeper. Vermont. — Hon. A. O. Aldis, French and American Claims Commission ; Edwin S. Collamer, Office of Register of Treasury; John B. Parker, Bureau of Statistics; Peter Collier, Agricultural Department; Charles W. Bradbury, Office of Commissioner of Customs. Massachusetts. — Honorables William A. Richardson, Court of Claims, Henry F. French, Treasurj' Department, and Charles Payson, State Department ; Joseph H. Robin- son, Office of Solicitor of Treasury ; James G. Hill, Super- vising Architect's Office ; Dr. Charles F. Macdonald, Post Office Department. ^6 PROMINENT RESIDENTS. Rhode Island. — Hon. William Hunter, State Depart- ment ; Francis J. Lippitt, Department of Justice. Connecticut. — Hon. James Gilfillan, United States Treasury; General Francis A. Walker, Census Office; Charles H. Brown, Eugene B. Daskam and George N. Lamphere, Office of Secretary of Treasury. MIDDLE STATES. New York. — Honorables Charles C. Nott, Court of Claims, Thomas Simons, Department of Justice, Alonzo Bell, Interior Department, and Orange Ferriss, Treasury Department; Sevallon A. Brown, State Department; George M. Lockwood, Interior Department; Charles W. Seaton, Census Office ; James A. Dumont and Charles E. Coon, Office of Secretary of Treasury. New Jersey. — O. L. Pruden, Executive Mansion. Joseph H. Blackfan, Post Office Department; EL A. Car- man, Department of Agriculture. Pennsylvania. — Honorables Glenni W. Scofield and Henry C. Johnson, Treasury Department, Joseph K. McCammon, Interior Department, and Abraham D. Hazen, Post Office Department; Henry C. Rogers, Internal Rev- enue Office; Joseph T. Power and Henry A. Cobaugh, Treasury Department; Henry T. Crosby, War Depart- ment; S. W. Curriden, Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Delaware. — Thomas E. Roach, Post Office Depart- ment; James H. Pierce and George P. Fisher, jr. Patent Office. Maryland. — Hon. A. B. Hagner, U. S. Judge; Sur- geon-General Philip S. Wales and Chief Engineer William H. Shock, Navy Department; Charles W. Hoffinan, Library of Congress ; Charles Cochrane and James S. Crawford, Post Office Department; Edwin W. Wilson, U. PROMINENT RESIDENTS. 37 S. Treasurer's Office; Edward M. Dawson, Department of Interior. WESTERN STATES. Ohio. — Hons. M. R. Waite, Supreme Court, William Lawrence, Treasury Department, J. M. McGrew, Post Office Department, and Charles P, James, U. S. Judge ; A. K. Spofford, Library of Congress; W. A. Knapp, Post Office Department ; A. J. Bentley, Department of Justice ; Webster Elmes, Office of Solicitor of Treasury; Darius Lyman and C. W. Clark, Office of Secretary of Treasury ; Daniel Wilson, Bureau of Engraving and Printing ; A. T. Childs, Government Printing Office, Indiana. — Hons. James M. Tyner and Thomas J. Brady, Post Office Department; Commodore R. L. Law, Navy Department; A. K. Tingle, Office of Secretary of Treasury; Jerome C. Burnett, U. S. Treasurer's Office; William A. Anderson, Engineer Bureau of War Depart- ment. Illinois. — Hons. Horatio C. Burchard and Green B, Raum, Treasury Department; J. E. Hilgard and J. W. Porter, Coast Survey ; C. C. Sympson, Senate Clerk ; Dr. John B. Hamilton, Marine Hospital Bureau; James S. Delano, Second Comptrollers Office ; O. L. Pitney, Treas- ury Superintendency. Michigan. — Hons. Edgar M. Marble, Patent Office, and Edwin W. Keightley, Treasury Department; Henry H. Smith, Clerk's Office, House of Representatives ; William Fletcher and Milford F. Lackey, Office of Secretary of Treasury. Wisconsin.— Hon. Matt. PL Carpenter, 1330 F street, and A. U. Wyman, Treasury Department; H. A. Lock- wood, Office of Commissioned^ of Customs ; A. T. Gray, 38 PROMINENT RESIDENTS. Department of Justice ; John Jameson, Post Office De- partment ; General H. E. Paine, 412 Fifth street. Minnesota. — Hons. John Jay Knox, Treasury Depart- ment, and William G. Le Due, Agricultural Department; William H. Doolittle, 703 7th street ; Robert F. Crowell, Sixth Auditor's Office ; John G. Macgregor, Office of Sec- retary of Treasury; Charles King, No. 916 F street. Iowa. — Hons. Samuel F. Miller, Supreme Court, and James A. Williamson, Department of Interior; Henry O'Connor, State Department; George B. Corkhill, District Attorney's Office ; George Cowie, Treasury Department ; R. L. B. Clarke, Patent Office ; Arthur H. Bissell, Post Office Department. Nebraska. — O. H. Irish, Bureau of Engraving and Printing; Thomas C. Tipton, Patent Office. Kansas. — E. J. Dallas, Post-Office Department; Rich- ard Joseph, Interior Department ; Edward Wolcott, office of Comptroller of Currency ; Harvey Spalding, Corcoran Building. Missouri. — Hon Charles D. Drake, Court of Claims; Dr. Charles V. Riley, Interior Department ; John B. Clark, District Government Office ; Major Thomas H, Bradley, War Department. SOUTHERN STATES. Virginia. — George Bartle, State Department; William P. Moran, Navy Department ; John Q. Larman, Bureau of Engraving and Printing; P. E. Wilson, Patent Office; Isaac C. Slater, Post-Office Department; L. Q. Washing- ton, Corcoran Building; J. Ambler Smith, 501 D street. North Carolina. — Hon. Samuel F. Phillips, Depart- ment of Justice; Benjamin S. Hedrick, Patent Office; Allen Rutherford, Corcoran Building; William M. Cole- man, 470 Louisiana Avenue. PROMINENT RESIDENTS. 39 South Carolina. — St. Julian B. Dapray and James P. Low, Office of Supervising Architect ; W. W, Plnney, De- partment of Agriculture; Rollin H. Kirk, Office of Com- missioner of Customs ; James Lowndes, 629 F street. Georgia. — Hon. William B. Woods, Supreme Court; George A. Gustin, Executive Mansion ; Philip Carroll, State Department ; John P. Butler, Office of Secretary of Treasury. Alabama. — Hon, Robert M. Reynolds, Treasury De- partment ; Mark D. Brainerd, Interior Department ; Paul Arnold, Patent Office; Charles Pelham, 458 Louisiana Av- enue; Philip Phillips, 603 Louisiana Avenue. Mississippi. — Hon. Kenneth Rayner and Jonathan Tar- bell, Treasury Department; George E. Harris, 519 7th street, Louisiana. — Hon. William H, Hunt, Court of Claims; George A. Sheridan, Recorder's Office; Revere W, Gur- ley, Post-Office Department ; Henry C, Clarke, Internal Revenue Bureau; A. C. Janin, 141 1 G street. Arkansas. — Albert Pike, 602 D street; M. La Rue Harrison and A. S. Lynch, Post-Office Department ; Archi- bald Young, Indian Office; Lucien J. Barnes, Bureau of Statistics. Tennessee. — Honorables A. A. Freeman, Post-Office Department, and John Eaton, Bureau of Education ; John W. Hogg, and W. S. McNairy, Navy Department; R. J. Meigs, United States Court House ; John B. Brownlow, Post-Office Department; C. 0. Nicholson, Board of Health ; W, M. F'tzgerald, Adjutant-General's Office, Kentucky. — Hon. John M. Harlan, Supreme Court; Major G. C. Goodloe, Marine Barracks ; George L. Ber- dan, State Department ; Wythe Denby, Navy Department ; Daniel G. Hatch, Treasuiy Su^erintendency. 40 PROMINENT RESIDENTS. West Virginia. — Theophilus Gaines, Pension Agency ; Wilson J. Vance, Interior Department; William A. Wid- ney, Office of Secretary of Treasury ; Thomas E. Rogers, Office of United States Treasurer. PACIFIC STATES. California. — Hon. S. J. Field, Supreme Court ; George C. Gorham, " National Republican" office; Carlile P. Pat- terson, Coast-Survey ; Robert J. Stevens, House Committee on Appropriations; Isaac S. Tichenor, Third Auditor's Office; George Francis Dawson, Corcoran Building; Theo- dore F. Dwight, State Department. Oregon. — Hon. William W. Upton, Treasury Depart- ment ; R. B. Detrick, Fifth Auditor's Office. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. GEORGE WASHINGTON. On the first day of May, 1789, George Washington, who had arrived in New York from Mount Vernon, was es- corted by a troop of cavalry, a battalion of foot-militia, and a joint committee of Congress, from his lodgings at Frank- lin Square to the Federal building, where the United States Sub-Treasury now stands, and there met the two houses of Congress in the Senate chamber. A procession was then formed and moved to the balcony in front of the building, where, with uncovered head and uplifted hand, the Presi- dent-elect repeated, sentence by sentence, the oath of fidelity to the Constitution, propounded to him by Chancel- lor Livingston. Then, after he had reverently kissed the Bible tendered by the Chancellor, the latter turned to the eager multitude below and cried : " Long live General W^ashington, President of the United States ! " The people shouted, "Hurra!" and clapped their hands; handker- PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. 41 chiefs were waved by the ladies, cannon were fired and bells rung. In the evening there were illuminations, bon- fires, and two grand balls, both of which the President attended ; and altogether a more truly happy and popular celebration has never been. A group of statuary is to be erected at the Sub-Treasury in commemoration of this in- auguration. Washington's second inauguration was at Philadelphia, Monday, March 4th, 1793. In accordance with his own view, and that of all his Cabinet, except Jefferson (who was opposed to all pomp and display), he took the oath of office in the Senate chamber, in the presence of Congress, the Cabmet, the Supreme Court, and the Diplomatic Corps. Washington was in full costume of black velvet, with pow- dered hair, dress-sword and chapeau. After delivering an address, he went in procession to hear divine service at the church of St. Paul, attended by the two houses of Congress, and with a military escort, the President riding in a fine chariot, especially made and presented to him for the occa- sion. At night, the event was celebrated by illuminations and fireworks; also by a reception at die Presidential mansion on Chestnut street. JOHN ADAMS. President Adams was inaugurated in the Representatives' chamber at Philadelphia, Saturday, March 4th, 1797. He was very unwell, but managed to go through the ceremony. Being seated in the Speaker's chair, with the new President of the Senate (Mr. Jefferson) and the Secretaiy of the S'^nate on his right hand, the Speaker and Clerk of the Hou'^e on his left hand, and the Cabinet, Supreme Court, Congress and Diplomatic Body (with a number of distingu/shed military and naval officers), seated in front of him, he rose, bowed, and tlien read his inaugural address. 'Oi^y* 42 PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. he advanced to the Chief Justice, who administered the oath, after which he resumed his seat, and shortly after- wards retired. General Washington sat at his right hand, and, at the close of the ceremonies, gracefully but firmly resisted the courteous attempt of Vice-President Jefferson to give him precedence over everybody but the new Presi- dent in leaving the chamber, Had he accepted or yielded to this courtesy, a definite social I'ank would have become attached to the person of an ex-President, and General Grant and his hosts would have been saved from much perplexity during his tour around the world. THOMAS JEFFERSON. Mr. Jefiferson had chafed at, and sneered at, and derided the monarchical tastes of Washington and Adams, as ex- hibited at their inaugurations ; so that when his own time came he notified the Speaker of the House of his intention to take the oath of office in the Senate chamber, on Wednes- day, March 4th, 1801. The government was now located at Washington, At the appointed time he made his way to the Capitol on horseback, alone, and clad in an undress suit. He fastened his horse himself to the wooden palings of the Capitol, and entered the Senate chamber without ceremony. Vice-President Aaron Burr gave up to him the chair, and seated himself at the right hand of it — Chief Justice Marshall being on the left. Having delivered his inaugural and taken the oath in the presence of the great number crowding the chamber, he repaired to the Execu- tive Mansion, and received those who chose to call upon him. The ex-President left the city before the inaugura- tion, and the Speaker of the House went with him. Four years after this event Jefferson's second inaugura- tion occurred in the same chamber, with somewhat more of stateliness than before, the President himself this time PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. 43 wearing a dress-coat, scarlet waistcoat, knce-hreechcs, silk stockings and buckled shoes. JAMES MADISON. March 4th, 1809, was the date of Madison's inaugura- tion, and the hall of Representatives was finished in time for the ceremony. There was a distinguished and splendid- looking company present, and a full-dress reception fol- lowed at the White House, the President being assisted by Mrs. Madison, the founder of the social etiquette which exists at the capital to this day. Madison's second inauguration occurred March 4th, 1 8 13, seventeen months before the destruction of the Capitol and White House by the British forces. He was escorted by a considerable body of dragoons, and the militia of the District were drawn up, and presented arms to him as he reached the Capitol. At night there was an inauguro.tion ball at Davis' hotel. JAMES MONROE. Thursday, March 4th, 181 7, the President-elect was escorted by a civic cavalcade to the Capitol, where the local militia awaited him. Arrived at the Senate-chamber, a procession was fonned and moved out to a platform in front of the Capitol, where the inaugural address was delivered and the oath taken, followed by salutes at the arsenal and navy yard. There was an inauguration ball at night. Monroe's second inauguration was on Monday, March 5th, 1 821. A deep snow lay on the ground, and the cere- mony took place in the hall of Representatives, to which all of the public were admitted that could get in after the official classes had been provided with seats. The Presi- dent read his inaugural from the Speaker's platform, and the Chief Justice, in his silken gown, stood by his side 44 PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. and slightly to the rear of him during the reading. Tlie Marine Band was present. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. Mr. Adams was escorted to the Capitol Friday, March 4th, 1825, by a military and civic procession, and the marine corps awaited him at the Capitol. The inaugural was read and the oath taken in the hall of Representatives. The President-elect read aloud the oath of office from a volume of the United States statutes, handed to him by Chief Justice Marshall. The procession returned to the White House, where an informal i;eception Avas held. Gen- eral Jackson was among the first and heartiest greeters of the new President after he had taken the oath. ANDREW JACKSON. General Jackson declined a procession to the Capitol, and rode there on horseback, March 4th, 1829. He was there met by the United States Marshal and a conjmittee of Con- gress, and escorted into the Senate chamber. At noon, the President-elect, attended by the Senate, the House of Rep- resentatives, the Judges of the Supreme Court, the Diplo- matic Corps, and other distinguished persons, came out upon the eastern porch of the Capitol, and confronted the largest and strangest crowd that Washington had ever contained. Salutes were fired, and a procession was gotten together to escort the President to the White House, where open house was kept the rest of the day. The younger Adams, follow- ing his father's example in the time of Jefferson, took no part in the installation of his successor. Jackson's second inauguration was even less ceremonious than his first, besides lacking much of its crowd and en- thusiasm. He took the oath inside the Capitol, and deliv- ered a short address. This was Tuesday, March 4th, 1833, PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. 45 MARTIN VAN BUREN. Mr. Van Bux-en's inauguration day, Saturday, March 4tli, 1837, was bright, warm, and beautiful, like its predecessor of eight years ago. General Jackson took his successor in his phaeton, built of wood from " Old Ironsides" — a showy mass of cavalry and infantry marching before them. Great nuinbers of visitors were present at the spectacle. The ceremony took place at the east front of the Capitol. Chief Justice Marshall, who had " mustered in " all the Presi- dents from Jefferson to Jackson, was now in his grave, and his successor. Chief Justice Taney, administered the oath of office. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. This inauguration was much like that of Jackson, twelve years before. After a tremendous campaign, the party in power had been defeated, and the leader of the victors was a rough-and-ready military hero. There was to be a new deal of the offices, and the office-seekers were present by thousands, and full of noise and enthusiasm. At 10 o'clock on Friday, March 4th, 1 84 1, General Harrison started for the Capitol on a " milk-white steed," preceded by five mili- tary companies. The inaugural address, read from the front of the Capitol to a great concourse of people, was ex- ceedingly long, and was marked by the new " wrinkle" of having the oath administered at a particular stage of it, so that the remaining passages were the utterances of an actual President. After the arrival at the White House, streams of visitors flowed in and out of it for many hours, and the poor, tired President afterwards had to visit the theatrical perfonnances and balls given in honor of his accession. JOHN TYLER. President Harrison died in one month after his inaugura- tion. Two days later, Vice-President Tyler, in the presence 48 PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. Capitol in an open bai-ouche, which was followed by a draped and decorated car, emblematical of the Constitution and the Union, filled with little girls representing the States and Territories. Mr. Lincoln read his address from the front of the Capitol, in the voice of a man who had never heard of threats against his life. Senator Doug- las stood close beside him, and Mr. Buchanan somewhat to the rear. At the White House, General Scott personally superintended the arrangements for the safe installation of the President in his new home. There was the usual reception, and at night the customary ball, in a finely decorated temporary building, with a grand supper ; but people's minds were of too serious a cast, and the ball was a failure. President Lincoln's second inauguration, Saturday, March 4th, 1865, was chiefly distinguished by the seas of mud that filled the streets, so as to make walking almost impossible, the result of four years' ploughing up by araiy wagons and the soaking rain of the day before the inaugu- ration. Rumors of something likely to happen filled the air, and the authorities and the public were anxious. The military escort marched with loaded rifles. Excursion parties of officers from the armies of the Potomac and the James were present, and the city was overflowing with the military class. Three fire companies from Philadelphia Avere in the procession. The inauguration address was brief, but contained immortal sentences, especially that beginning — " With malice towards none." President Lin- coln was not in the procession to the Capitol, having spent the night there, signing bills ; so that Mrs. Lincoln was the only person escorted. Monday night, March 6th, there was an inauguration ball in the model-room of the Patent Office, attended by 4,000 persons, including Colfax, Sum- ner. Farragut and Hooker. The supper and cloak rooms PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. 49 were badly managed, causing great discontent and loss to visitors. ANDREW JOHNSON. Vice-President Johnson took the Presidential oath at his hotel, Saturday morning, April 15th, 1865, a few hours after the deadi of President Lincoln. All the Cabinet ex- cept Mr. Seward were present, and General Grant was also in attendance. Congress had adjourned the month before. The press had not yet ceased discussing the Vice-President's extraordinary state aiid behavior at the recent inauguration ceremony ; but upon this occa.sion all present were struck by the solemn, dignified, earnest, and even pathetic way in which Mr. Johnson (figuratively speaking) put on the blood-stained robes of tlae Presidency. His language was patriotic and statesmanlike, and the high officers present felt a great weight lifted from their minds as they left the new President alone with his family and personal friends. ULYSSES S. GRANT. General Grant's inauguration was on Thursday, March 4th, 1869. The day before was very rainy, and Thursday opened with showers. Pennsylvania Avenue had been thoroughly cleaned, but was so full of holes and ruts as to shake the procession almost to pieces. Never before had such crowds thronged the streets and hotels of Washington. The procession was exceedingly fine, and was largely made up of visiting military and fire companies. The Burgesses Corps of Albany and the Good- Will Engine Company of Philadelphia were marked features of the parade. Great numbers of Boys in Blue (then lately organized) were out, and as many as five or six companies of colored Zouaves. The personal relations between President Johnson and Gen- eral Grant (arising out of Secretary Stanton's case) being such as to make it impossible for them to ride together, a 50 PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. separate carriage was provided for the President, but he refused to occupy it. General Grant rode from army headquarters to the Capitol in his own phaeton, with Gen- eral Rawlins seated beside him. Prices ranging from ^25 to ,5150 were freely paid for windows and store-fronts along the route. Sherman, Farragut, Thomas, and Han- cock, were conspicuous figures in the Senate chamber dur- ing the in-door ceremonies, A great ocean of faces con- fronted General Grant as he stepped out in front of the Capitol to read his inaugural message. The oath of office was most impressively administered to him by Chief Justice Chase, followed by deafening cheers. The procession re- turned along the Avenue to the White House, where thou- sands of General Grant's comrades called upon him. The inaugural ball was held in the new north wing of the Treasury Department — a splendid affair, only tempered by the great crush. The profits, $6,000, were donated to the Washington Monument Association. March 4th, 1873, ^^ill long be remembered for the bitter coldness of the day, greatly aggravated by a high, cutting M'ind. The arrangements for this inauguration were on a scale never before contemplated. Triumphal arches were erected at ten points between the White House and the Capitol ; Venetian masts, embellished with festoons of flags and streamers, lined the broad avenue, making a bewilder- ing display and entwinement of colors, and scores of pri- vate houses along the route were handsomely decorated. Prominent features in the great procession were the battal- ions of military and naval cadets from West Point and Annapolis, the Marine Corps with its red-coated band, the Boston Lancers, the Albany Burgesses Corps, the famous Old Guard of New York, the Philadelphia City Troop, th^ Duquesne Grays of Pittsburgh, the W^ashington Light Infantr)', the Fifth Regiment of New York State Militia in PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. 5 I Prussian helmets, and the Hartranft Club of Philadelphia, mounted. President Grant rode in a four-horse barouche, attended by a committee of Congress. At night there was a grand display of fireworks below the Treasury, dazzling illuminations of streets and build- ings in the heart of the city, and an inauguration ball in an immense building specially erected near the City Hall, where the music, decorations and refreshments were on a grand scale. Owing to the size of the building and the low temperature without, the thermometer indoors was al- most down to the freezing point, and overcoats, shawls, furs and woolen comforters, and even hats and overshoes, were worn by those in attendance. Much suffering was caused by the severity of the weather among those partici- pating in or employed about the ceremonies and festivities of the day, but the President took his share of the general discomfort in his usual quiet way, and shirked none of it. RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. General Hayes was inaugurated on Monday, March 5th, 1877. Almost up to the day itself it was uncertain what would be the outcome of the struggle over the Presidency in Congress, so that there was but little time or disposition for elaborate preparations. Nevertheless, some fine street decorations, in the style of four years before, were gotten out in time, and the troops that had been assembled at Washington as a precaution against mob-violence made a brave show. The President-elect rode to the Capitol ac- companied by General Grant and Senator Morrill, and (be- cause of a foolish scare gotten up by an enterprising office-seeker) with his carriage flanked on each side by a number of picked men with loaded revolvers in their pockets. The Philadelphia State Fencibles, the Columbus Cadets and the Hartranft Club were in the procession, and 52 PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS. the local militia and fire companies showed finely. The taking of the oath was followed by a a salute from a regular battery posted near the Capitol. There was the usual re- ception at the White House in the afternoon, and a torch- light procession of political clubs at night, but no ball. Cash For LAND WARRANTS AND ALL KINDS OF LAND SCRIP. iLBDRESS W. C. HILL, [ TlIaMdI A|T|T|0|R|N|E|Yr ^ Room 18 St. Cloud Building, WASHINGTON, D. C. SOXJLE & KOOKOaEY, Attorneys-at-Law and Counsel in Patent Causes in the United States and Foreign Countries. N. E. Cor 7[ti and F. Sts., opposite U. S. Pateot Office, "WASHING-TOIT, D. C. Patents procured for inventors in the United States and foreign countries, on the best terms, and in the shortest time consistent with proper care and the obtaining of the best claims. Information and advice promptly and care- fully given. Cases rejected in other hands, or contested cases, are our specialties, and will be taken up and prosecuted at any stage, our fees being almost entirely contingent upon suc- cess in such cases. Infringements and other CONTESTED PATENT CASES of every class prosecuted at law or in equity through all stages, from the filing of the Bill to the Supreme Court of the United States. Fees in all cases moderate, and as low as is consistent with ability, intelligence, and personal attention, and al- ways agreed upon beforehand to avoid misunderstanding. Our location, directly opposite the Patent Office, is the most convenient in the city for the transaction of business before the Interior Department. Attorneys and inventors visiting Washington, will be sure of finding at our office comfortable desk room and every facility for conducting any business they may have on hand. Patent Attorneys residing at a distance from Wash- ington are invited to correspond with us. In all cases the the services of a reside7tt attorney are not only necessary, but almost indispensable, d:j an intelligent attorney in good standing before the Department can accomplish tnore sat- isfactory results by a personal explanation of five mimites than could be accomplished by a lengthy and tedious correspondence of months. ■I'atent laws and instructions free. Address SOULE & KOOKOGEY, P. O. Box 69. "W^ashitigton, D. C. Waltp.r Evans. F. \V. Evans. EVANS' DSNING ROOMS, 922 and 924 F STREET, WASHINGTON, D. C. [ESTABLISHED IN 1863.] For extent of accommodation, excellence of cooking, number and v.-iriety of courses, careful attention and cheapness, this dining-room is unsurpassed by any similar establishment in the United States. Tlie table affords every seasonable luxury to be liad at any first- class hotel, and at less than one-half the price charged at such pl.ices. Price for Full Meals, only Thirty Cents Our location is convenient to :dl the Departments, and within eas :cess of every line of street > ars. Strangers Visiting; "Waslii^ngton lould, without fail, test the merits of our establishment by a pe inal visit. WALTER EVANS &- CO.. Proprietors. Only Seventy-Five Cents a Year, by Mail. Tlie lliiitei States Gazette; A DEPARTMENTAL JOURNAL, PiiWislied MoiitMy at the National Capital. Eighth Year— Circulation 7500. This Journal was founded at the beginning of 1873, as a gazette of official information for vokinleer soldiers and sailors of the war of the Rebellion, and an organ for making their claims and wants known to each other and to the authorities at Washington. Its circulation and influence have grown ever since, and it begins the year 1881 with larger prospects of success and usefulness than it has ever before en- joyed. Like most good things, it has been complimented by many imitations, but has kept its own field and constantly enlarged the number of ils supporters. It differs from its would-be rivals in being published and circulated as a bona-fide newspaper, depending upon its subscription list and advertisements, and not in being designed and used as a mere advertising sheet for some claim agency at Wash- ington. Each issue of the United States G.\zette contains a summary of all the important domestic and foreign News of the Month then ended ; a summary of the doings of Congress and the Departments at Washington ; a column of Questions and Answers ; a column of Useful Hints to readers ; a carefully selected Poem and Short Story; Letters to the Editor on various topics ; interesting and instructive Editorial Articles ; a collection of original Rebuses, Enigmas, Word- Puzzles, and the like, for the amusement of the younger people, and many entertaining and valuable miscellanies. Information concerning premiums, club rates, combination rates for this and other newspapers or periodic.ils, and other special in- ducements, may be found in the paper itself. SPECIMEN COPIES FREE UPON APPLICATION. Address J. H. SOX7LE, Publislier, Box 69, "Wasliingtori., D, C. J, H. SOXJLE, DEPARTMENTAL PUBLISHER, WASHIIl^GTO]^, D. C. Slank Forms, for use at every stage of Pension, Bounty, Pat- ent, and other cases before the Departments .-tt Washington. Send for " catalogue of blanks." Soldiers' Bounty Manual. —This manual shows, in sim- ple form, what bounty is still due to any soldiers of the late war. Price, 25 cents. Pensioners' 2£and-Book. — Showing who are entitled to pensions, and at what rates, and how to proceed to get pensions. Price, 25 rent-. Soldiers* Homesteads. — A manual showing how soldiers of the late war may become preferred settlers on the public lands. Price, 25 cents. Battles of tlie Rebellion.— An alphabetical list of the bat- tles of the late war and former wars, with dates and casualties, and much other information. Price, 50 cents. Address : Box 69, Washington, D. C. DO YOU WANT A PUBLIC OFFICE ? Tbere are 97,000 Pablic Offices Within the gift of the government, and although there are thousands of persons who desire public employment, few know how to go to work to secure it. 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Information obtained in Great Britain, Canada, Europe, and all parts of the United States. References, information and advice furnished upon application. Mt. VERNON. TOMB OF WASHINGTON Steamer W. W. Corcoran Leaves at foot of Seventh street, lO a. m., returning 3:30 p. m., Sundays excepted. Allowing passengers TWO HOURS AND A HALF to visit Mansion and Grounds. li. li. BLiAKS, Captain. W. H. SELDEN, B. S. ROBBINS, Lynchburg, Va. Memphis, Tenn. Pennsylvania Ave., betw. 6th and 7tli Streets, WASHINGTOIT, D. C. The undersigned beg leave to announce to the public, and their old Patrons of the Arlington and Norvell, Lynchburg, Va., Arlington, Danville, Va., Kimball House, Atlanta, Planter's Hotel, Augusta, Ga., and Overton Hotel, Memphis, Tenn., that they have leased, for a term of years. The Metropolitan, formerly Brown's Hotel, sit- uated on Pennsylvania Avenue midway between the Capitol and the Executive Mansion, and within a block of the R. R. Depot. The house has been painted, re-furnished and re-fitted in every de- partment ; is thoroughly heated with steam, and is in every respect afirst-class house. Our charges will be moderate, and no pains spared to give entire satisfaction to our guests. One of Otis Brothers' Elevators carries the guests to every floor, and runs day and night. Street Railways to all parts of the city pass the door. SEIlDEN & ROBBINS, Prop'rs. Wm. S. Teel, MERCHiLia-T TAILOR. MEN'S FURNISHINQ GOODS IN ALL BRANCHES, 935 PENITA. AVUITTJS, IT. W., WASHINGTON CITY. Specialty. — P'ine Dress Shirts to Order. IP C. HEURICH'S MODEL BREWERY, NO. 1229 TWENTTIEH ST., N. W., '"'The Arlington." i&r-^' OPPOSITE WHITE HOUSE AND TREASURY. First Class in Every Respect. J. Poessle & Son, FHOPHIETORS. THE Ylrglma ^lilmi IS POSITIVELY THE SHORTEST, BEST, AND MOST DIRECT ROUTE TO FLORIO A km THE SOUTH. Pullman Sleeping Cars leave Washington daily for New Orleans M'ithout change, via Lynchburg, Bristol, Knox- ville, Dalton, Atlanta, Montgomery and Mobile. Pullman Sleeping Cars leave Washington daily for Augusta without change, via Lynchburg, Danville, Char- lotte, and Columbia. MABEI'S SLEEPI2TG COUCH CABS, Between Washington and Danville daily. Passengers from the South by the Virginia Midland ■'tRbute- arrive in Washington and Northern cities in ad- vance of any other line. For information, tickets and berths, call at VIRGINIA MIDLAND OFFICE, 601 Penn'a Ave., Washington, D. 0. Mercer Slaughter, N. Macdaniel, General Ticket Agent. Agent. ^ilBsr.M^^^, EUROPEAN PLAN. (Penn'a Avenue and Seventh Street, Washington, D. C. H. a BOWERS, Late of the Arlington and Ft. Wtn. Henry Hotels. the^Well known steamer QlOEQE LimiY, [CARRYING U. S. MAIL.] Leaves Seventh Street Wharf Tuesdays and Thursdays at 5:30 p. m., and Saturdays at 6 o'clock p. m. Returning, leaves Norfolk Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, at 4 p. m., arriving in Washington the following morning at 6 o'clock a. m. GEO. MATTINGLY, Sup't. TAvr. WAS] AHIF^' ifyRNix LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 014 310 498 9 R JM MKN'S [J li f