Hannah More BftiV LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. etsfcC ' ©^.l„:.ilttj^n5|l jfo. Shel£..J&k&£ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 7&!&>"i •v..vV if 198 HANNAH MORE. The poem was translated by two Buddhist priests whom Sir Alexander had sent to Eng- land for education, and who were at Liverpool with Dr. Adam Clarke ; and it was set to music by Dr. C. Wesley. Moreover, two Persian no- bles who were studying in England visited Bar- ley Wood. Much should we like to know what their real impressions of the place could have been, and of the two beautiful and dignified old ladies, so unlike their experience in their own country. Visitors constantly came; and the financial affairs and general supervision of the schools still rested on the sisters, and each had many days of sharp illness. But when in toler- able health and free from interruption, Hannah contrived to write five hours daily, and in the morning. " It is a great loss to me," she says, " that I can make no use of the latter part of the day except by knitting, which is, perhaps, the portion best employed. " Both sisters were very seriously ill in 1818, the attack coming on with shivering fits and pains as if the flesh were cut with knives. " My whole life/' wrote Hannah, " from early youth has been a successive scene of visitation and resto- ration. I think I could enumerate twenty mor- tal diseases from which I have been raised up without sensible diminution of strength. " SORROWS. 199 Depression of spirits never seems to have tried this happy sisterhood, nor did the power of being interested and amused ever fail them ; and this no doubt greatly contributed to these recoveries. The summer of 1 8 19 was spent qui- etly, except for a meeting of the Bible Society when one hundred and twenty gentry dined at Barley Wood, and two hundred drank tea. " Tables were laid in the garden, prodigal of flow- ers ; the collation was a cold one, but took two days to cook. We had, besides our neighboring gen- try, many persons from Clifton and forty clergymen of the Establishment ; and the white-robed nymphs with the groups under the trees made the prettiest show imaginable. You will judge that my health is improved, by my being able to go through such a serious fatigue. The success of these societies I have much at heart. Sometimes we hear of Christian Knowledge Societies opposed to Bible Societies; but I belong to both parties. I wish there was no such thing as party." This is to Mr. Wilberforce ; and in the same letter Hannah tells him, " I have been guilty of the weakness, at my age, of doing that im- prudent thing, writing a book." "A fresh crop of errors" seemed to her to have sprung up among professedly religious people, in a mania for a French education, 200 HANNAH MORE, which had set in with the peace. As a protest against children being taken abroad to acquire a Parisian accent, she wrote " Moral Sketches of Prevailing Opinions and Manners. " As usual, the book prospered. Princess So- phia Matilda, the Bishop of Bristol, Sir William Pepys, and many others wrote warmly ; and the Bishop (Monsell) pronounced that Mrs. More had indeed w T ell used the ten talents intrusted to her. SOLITUDE. 201 CHAPTER XV. SOLITUDE. Hannah and Martha had seemed to have one heart and soul between them from the time the little sisters had lain in the same crib seventy- three years before. Many an occupation had been shared, many a work talked over, many a long dark drive been shared, many a book read together, many an illness cheered by their sweet companionship. The other sisters had gone in regular succession of age ; and Hannah must have thought that she, the frailest, would not be the survivor. But hers was to be the widow- hood of the heart. In September, 1819, Mr. and Mrs. Wilberforce came to Barley Wood. His diary records, — " Patty sat up with me till near twelve, talking over Hannah's first introduction to a London life ; and I, not she, broke off the conference. I never saw her more animated. About eight in the morn- ing, when I came out of my room, I found Hannah at the door. ' Have you not heard that Patty is dying ? They called me to her in great alarm ; ' at 202 HANNAH MORE. which from the ghastliness of her appearance I could not wonder. About two or three hours after our parting for the night she had been taken ill." She had gone through much fatigue ; for Han- nah had not been well enough to go with the Wilberforces the round of the schools at Ched- dar, etc. On that last night she had come to her sisters bedside and said, "They are all gone to bed, and our Wilberforce and I have had a nice hour's chat." In a very little time after this she awoke in frightful agony, ending after some hours in unconsciousness; but she lingered for about a week, often rambling in talk but quite peaceful. There was bitter lamen- tation and weeping all through the Mendips, and among the wide circle of friends who had felt the unusual charm of her society ; and what could Hannah write more truly than " I may in- deed now say, ' My house is left unto me deso- late/ I bless my Heavenly Father, however, that He has not left me without consolation and support." She was seventy-four years of age ; and the feeling " I must finish my journey alone" could not but be strong upon her. " I have lost my chief earthly comfort, companion, counsellor, and fellow laborer," were her words to Daniel Wilson (afterwards Bishop of Calcutta). But SOLITUDE. 203 she was thankful throughout : " My loss is little compared with her gain ; and the remainder of my pilgrimage will be short." Mrs. Macaulay, the adopted younger sister, came to her early in November, to help her in looking over papers and setting things in order. She was greatly touched when the Shipham schoolmaster came over with his donkey and panniers to fetch the books yearly supplied to the school; and she asked him why no one from the parish had for weeks been at Barley Wood. " Why, madam," he answered, " they be so cut up they have not the heart to come." These Shipham people, to a man, signed a loyal address originated among themselves, ex- pressing their disapproval of the democratic agitations taking place in 181 9; and it was pre- sented to the Prince Regent with a note on their former act of patriotism. The bereaved sister was not left alone. She always had the attendance of Miss Frowd, her excellent companion; and one or the other of her cousins, the Robertses, who had a house at Clifton, was almost constantly with her. Her eyesight and hearing were perfect ; and though she could no longer visit her schools, she still attended to all the details connected with them. She did not shrink from preparing the school 204 HANNAH MORE. rewards in the ensuing spring, though remem- bering how this had been the exclusive delight and work of Patty, who in her last round had distributed thirteen hundred of them. In August she had a terrible illness which she fully anticipated would be her last " Noth- ing but the icy hand of death can cool me," she said. " Poor Patty, I shall soon rejoin her." But the rest was not yet attained. She began to recover; and when making some arrange- ments with a friend, she said, " Not that I have the remotest idea of living through the winter, but we must plan for time and prepare for eter- nity." When a little stronger she would exert herself, saying it was a mistake in old persons to suppose that because they could do little, they were therefore exempted from doing any- thing. Even if only one talent were left, it must still be used to the utmost. She continued to admit innumerable visitors on this principle, and was as sprightly in con- versation and correspondence as ever, trying always to inculcate some deeper thought, and taking interest in new and old books as much as ever, especially the " Life of Madame de Stael," about which she had a correspondence with the author, Madame Necker. During an attack of illness she received a letter from Cadell about a SOLITUDE, 205 new edition of the " Moral Sketches," to which he wished her to append — " a short tribute to George III., then newly dead. I fancied that what was difficult might not be impos- sible. So, having got pen, ink, and paper, which I concealed in my bed, and next morning in a high fever with my pulse above a hundred, without having formed one idea, I began to scribble. I got on for about seven pages, my hand being almost as incom- petent as my head. I hid my scrawl, and said not a word, while my doctor and my friends wondered at my increased debility. After a strong opiate I next morning returned to my task and finished seven pages more, and delivered my almost illegible papers to my friend to transcribe and send away. I got well scolded ; but I loved my king, and was carried through by a sort of affectionate impulse." The eulogy on the religious, moral, and do- mestic virtues of George III. is full of heartfelt love, and is, in vigor and language, a wonder- ful achievement for a sick woman of seventy- five. She was in time restored to her usual state of health, and was as bright and vivacious as ever in conversation and correspondence. Sir Thomas Dyke Acland availed himself of this opportunity to get her likeness taken. As one of her letters says, — 206 HANNAH MORE. "I had intended, as Dogberry says in the play, to bestow my tediousness upon you ; but that most des- potic of tyrants and most ardent of friends, Sir Thomas Acland, against my most earnest remon- strances and positive refusals has sent down Pick- ersgill to paint my portrait. I dreaded this foolish business so much as to lie awake about it ; but I got through it, hitherto, better than usual." In fact, two portraits were taken, one for Sir Thomas Acland, the other for Mr. Lovell Gwat- kin, whose family had been her friends from early youth. A sweet-faced, bright-eyed old woman is shown, small and spare, of the fairy godmother type, in the close cap, with the frilled chin-stay and double ruffle then held to be ap- propriate to advanced age, but still with much of the life and fire of the sprightly young woman with powdered curls portrayed by Opie more than forty years before, in the merry days of Hampton and the Bas Bleu. The last remnants of those days were passing fast away. Mrs. Vesey, the Sylph, had long since died, after long failure of intellect; Mrs. Montagu had died in 1800, Mrs. Boscawen some years later; and Mrs. More had lived to read with sad interest the memoirs not only of Johnson and Horace Walpole, but of Elizabeth Carter. And in the October of 182 1 she wrote: SOLITUDE. 207 " I was much affected yesterday with a report of the death of my ancient and valued friend, Mrs. Garrick. She was in her hundredth year. I spent above twenty winters under her roof, and gratefully remember not only their personal kindness, but my first introduction through them into a society re- markable for rank, literature, and talents. Whatever was most distinguished in either was to be found at their table. He was the very soul of conversation." Sir William Pepys was the last remnant of these old times ; and a letter to him on the edu- cation of the poor, written in October, 1 821, de- serves quotation : — "I think there is ultraism on both sides of the question. My views of popular instruction are nar- row ; the views of others I think too narrow. I will give you a sketch of my own poor practice at setting out ; but opposition compelled me to lower it. Not the very poor only are deplorably ignorant. The common farmers are as illiterate as their workmen. It therefore occurred to me to employ schoolmasters who to sound piety added good sense and competent knowledge. In addition to instructing all the poor children in the parish on Sundays at my expense, I directed him to take the farmers' sons on week days, at a low price to be paid by them, and to add writing and arithmetic to reading, which was all I thought necessary for laborers' children. The master care- fully instructed these higher boys also in religious 208 HANNAH MORE. principles, which their fathers did not object to when they got it gratuitously. I had long thought that the knowledge necessary for persons of this class was such as would qualify them for constables, over- seers, churchwardens, jurymen, and especially tend to impress them with a sense of the awful nature of an oath, which I fear is often taken without any sense of its sanctity. Farther than this I have never gone. " Now I know the ultra-educationalist would de- spise these limits. I know not if you have seen a book on popular education written by a man of great talents. Truth compels me to bear my public tes- timony against his extravagant plan, which is that there is nothing which the poor should not be taught ; they must not stop short of science. They must learn history in its widest extent. Goldsmith's Greece is nothing ; he recommends Mitford, etc. Even the ab- surdity of the thing is most obvious ; supposing they had money to buy such books, where would they find time to read them without the neglect of all business and the violation of all duty ? And where is all this to terminate ? Only cast back your eye upon Athens, where the upper gallery pronounced sentence on Sophocles and Euripides, and an herb- woman could detect the provincial accent of a great philosopher. Yet was there ever a more turbulent, ungovernable rabble ? Saint Paul tells us how they spent their time. It was only to tell or to hear of some new thing. I have exerted my feeble voice to SOLITUDE. 209 prevail on my few parliamentary friends to steer the middle way between the Scylla of brutal ignorance and the Charybdis of a literary education. The one is cruel, the other preposterous." Consumption of time in light reading, in her own class, displeased her : — " Thirty volumes of Sir Walter Scott's novels have in the succession of a very few years covered every table. Figure to yourself a large family, where every- one reads for himself, the thousands of hours that have been thus swallowed up ... . The useful read- ing compared with the idle, like our medicine com- pared with our food, is but as grains to pounds. . . . It is not that old age has made me insensible to the charms of genius. In that one respect, I think I am not grown obtuse. I have been really looking for leisure to read one or two of Sir Walter Scott's novels." Mrs. More did not fail to enjoy Scott ; but she thought that though his works were free from the coarseness of earlier writers, they were de- ficient in the practical precepts to be gleaned from them. An illness which kept Mrs. More thirteen weeks in bed occupied the spring of 1821-22; but again she recovered, and resumed her usual habits. And her powers were not impaired, as may be seen by some verses which accompanied 14 2IO HANNAH MORE. a pair of garters. She was in the habit of knit- ting these to be sold for charitable purposes; and Sir Thomas Dyke Acland had bespoken a pair for a crown. It is worth while to compare this composition with the " Bas Blanc" she wrote with the stockings for the little Pepys forty years before. Few ideas are repeated ; and those that are rather gain than lose in the process: — Slowly, yet gladly, to my valued friend . The enclosed most faultless of my works I send. Two cantos make the whole ; surpris'd you '11 see They're better for their strict identity. Length — to my previous works so worthy blame — Here the just meed of your applause may claim. If all my former compositions found For critic harshness true and solid ground, None of my ancient sins you here will see Except incurable tautology. " Not e'en reviewers here can find a botch, British, nor Quarterly, nor scalping Scotch ; The deep logician, though he sought amain To find false reasoning, might seek in vain ; Quibbling grammarians may this work inspect, Yet in no bungling syntax spy defect. Its geometric character's complete, — The parallels run on but never meet. Though close the knots, all casuists must agree Solution would but break the unity. Unravelled mysteries shall here be read Till time itself shall break the even thread. Nor could the rhetorician find, nor hope, SOLITUDE. 211 One ill-placed metaphor, one faulty trope. High claims in this rare composition meet, Soft without weakness, smooth without deceit. Say not, as o ? er this learned work you pore. "The author nothing knows of classic lore." The Roman satirist's self might laud my plan ; For to the end I keep as I began. Though some its want of ornament may blame, Utility, not splendor, was my aim. Not ostentatious I, for still I ween Its worth is rather to be felt than seen. Around the feelings still it gently winds ; If lost, no comfort the possessor finds. Retired from view, it seeks to be obscure ; The public gaze it trembles to endure. The sober moralist its use may find, — Its object is not loose, it aims to bind. No creature suffers from its sight or touch, — Can Walter Scott say more, can Byron say so much? One tribute more, my friend, I seek to raise, — You 've given, indeed, a Crown ; give More your praise. These verses were despatched just before a fever set in, from which her recovery at seventy- seven years of age was remarkable. She was bled seven times in a few weeks. A friend, Miss Frowd, nursed her, visited her schools, managed her clothing clubs, and wrote~her let- ters. And she kept a little bag pinned to her curtain whence she sent relief by her doctor to the poor around, who w r ere suffering from a vis- 212 HANNAH MORE. itation of typhus, besides that two of their cot- tages were burned down within sight of her bedroom window, one through lightning. Her letters, when again she could write them, are as amusing and spirited as ever. There is one to Mr. Wilberforce which shows that the march of intellect had made considerable pro- gress in 1823, considerably to the good lady's dismay ; for she held that though perhaps ten out of a hundred children might have abilities worth cultivation, the other ninety were better with no knowledge save of their Bible and Catechism. A little girl from one of the three- penny semi-genteel schools was brought into Mrs. More's room. A gentleman present asked her what she was reading. " Oh, sir, the whole circle of the sciences. " "Indeed!" said he, "that must be a very large work." "No, sir, it is a very small book ; and I bought it for half-a-crown." Probably it was the same study as that of her neighbor in the next parish, who announced, " I learn gog- rapJiy, and the harts and senses." Children of this stamp were frequently brought to Mrs. More to be examined and receive a small reward. One, after repeating a little poem very nicely, when asked, " Who was Abraham?" SOLITUDE. 213 after some consideration said, " I think he was an Exeter man." Meantime, she tells Sir William Pepys, " There is hardly a city in America in which I have not a correspondent on matters concerning religion, morals, and literature. " With, a bequest from one of the Canons of Lincoln she redeemed two little slaves in the Burman Empire ; and she had the pleasure of hearing that with the proceeds of a sale of an engraving of her abode, her Ameri- can friends had founded a mission school for girls in Ceylon, and named it Barley Wood. Her last book, "The Spirit of Prayer, ,, was published in 1824, her eightieth year. It led to the last correspondence with her much-valued friend, Sir William Pepys, who died in the course of the next summer of 1825. Other great friends, Bishops Van Mildert and Fisher, and Lady Cre- morne, were also taken in a few months' time ; and none were more sincerely mourned than good Mr. Jones, of Shipham, — the first of the clergy who had worked heartily with her. In sixty-one years, during which he had been in holy orders, he had only on four Sundays failed to officiate. All the time, whenever she was well enough, she admitted a continual succession of callers between twelve and three o'clock. Miss Frowd 2 1 4 HANNAH MORE, calculated that in one week she saw eighty. " I know not how to help it," she wrote. " If my guests are old, I see them out of respect ; if young, I hope I may do them a little good. If they come from a distance I feel as if I ought to see them on that account; if near home, my neighbors would be jealous at my seeing stran- gers and excluding them." Here is a description by one of these visitors, in a private letter (given in a memoir published by Messrs. Fisher) : - — u Before we came in sight of the little town of Wring- ton, we entered an avenue thickly bordered with lux- uriant evergreens, which led directly to the cottage of Barley Wood. As we drew nearer the building, a thick hedge of roses, jessamine, woodbine, and clem- atis fringed the smooth and sloping lawn on one side ; on the other, laurel and laurustinus were in full and beautiful verdure. From the shrubbery the ground ascends, and is well wooded by flowing larch, dark cypress, spreading chestnut, and some hardy forest trees. Amid this melange, rustic seats and temples occasionally peep forth; and two monuments are particularly conspicuous, — the one to the memory of Porteus, the other to the memory of Locke. " I was much struck by the air of affectionate kind- ness with which the old lady welcomed us to Barley Wood. There was something of courtliness about it, at the same time the courtliness of the vieille cour, SOLITUDE. 21 5 which one reads of and seldom meets. Her dress was of light-green Venetian silk j a yellow, richly em- broidered crape shawl covered her shoulders ; and a pretty net cap tied under her chin with white satin ribbon completed her costume. Her figure is engag- ingly /^///^ ; but to have any idea of the expression of her countenance you must imagine the small with- ered face of a woman in her seventy-seventh year, and imagine also (shaded, but not obscured, by long, perfectly white eye-lashes) eyes dark, brilliant, flash- ing, and penetrating, sparkling from object to object with all the fire and energy of youth, and sending welcome on all around. "When I first entered the room Lady S and her family were there. They soon prepared to depart \ but the youngest boy, a fine little fellow of six, looked anxiously in Mrs. More's face when she had kissed him, and his mamma said : ( You will not forget Mrs. Hannah, my dear.' He shook his head. ' Do not forget, my dear child/ said the kind old lady, as- suming a playful manner ; c but they say your sex is naturally capricious. There, I will give you another kiss j keep it for my sake, and when you are a man remember Hannah More/ ' I will/ he said, ' re- member that you loved children.' " It was a beautiful compliment. After a good deal of conversation on indifferent topics, she commenced showing us her curiosities, which are numerous and peculiar. Gods given up by the South Sea Islanders to our missionaries; fragments of Oriental manu- 2l6 HANNAH MORE. scripts ; a choice but not numerous collection of books, chiefly in Italian, English, and French, — for she speaks all these languages with equal fluency ; and above all, a large collection of autographs. . . . " [ I will now,' she said, ( show you some monu- ments of the days of my wickedness; ' and she pro- duced a play-bill where ' Miss More's new tragedy of " Percy " ' was announced exactly fifty-two years ago. She looked to me at that moment as a resurrection from the dead, more particularly when she added : ' Johnson, Burke, Garrick, Reynolds, Porteus, all, all the associates of my youth have gone. Nor is there one of them whom I delight in praising more than David Garrick. In his house I made my en- trance into life, and a better conducted house I never saw.' I never could agree in the latter part of the sentiment. "' On the stage he was natural, simple, affecting. It was only that when he was off he was acting, and I only regret that his species of acting is not more practised by the w r orld at large. I have never been to a play since his death ; I could not bear it.' She told me it was nine years since she had been down- stairs. ' But I am like Alexander Selkirk/ she added, laughing ; ' I am monarch of all I survey. Every tree on this little domain was planted by my own hands, or under my special direction.' " I bade her adieu with regret ; for I never had the good fortune to meet with so perfect a relic of a well- spent life. The spirit within was as warm and cheer- SOLITUDE. 217 ful as if the blood of eighteen instead of eighty coursed in her veins. She is indeed a woman who has lived to good purpose. " The writer of this pleasant letter is rather provoking as to dates; for " Percy "was acted in 1778, and fifty-two years from that time would be 1830, when Hannah was eighty-five instead of seventy-seven, and was no longer at Wrington. Some of the younger generation who w T ere brought to the shrine at Barley Wood thought the style of conversation too complimentary. But the old lady herself belonged to an age when such forms of speech were thought ordi- nary civility ; she herself was regarded with deep veneration, and humble-minded as she really was, such expressions seemed to her like mere cour- tesy. Playful she always was, and in the March of 1826 she extemporized the following "heroic poem," as she w r as pleased to call it, on seeing the carcass of a pig dragged home for dissection : The saddest sight that ere was seen Was Piggy rolling up the green ; Though dragged, he still would roll alone Downward like Sisyphus's stone. This pig, as good as e'er was sold, Was worth not quite his weight in gold. That pork 's unwholesome doctors tell us, 218 HANNAH MORE, Though of the fact I 'm somewhat jealous ; And I believe beyond all question Bacon is sovereign for digestion. For this one cause, among a few, I 'm glad I was not born a Jew. No quadruped like Piggy claims To give his flesh so many names. The calf and sheep half starve the glutton By yielding only veal and mutton ; While all extol the liberal swine * For griskin and the savory chine. How often does the brawny flitch Adorn the table and enrich ! The stately ham, the rasher small Are liked in every state ; and all Who will confess they see no good in The poignant sausage and black pudding, The spare-rib, sweet-bone, ears, and snout, My bill of fare will quite make out. For I disdain my song to close By stooping to the pettitoes. He ne'er was seen to dance a jig, Though a genteel and graceful pig ; Yet when he round my field would prance, It might be termed a country dance. Those men who dancing lives have led Are worse than nothing when they 're dead ; While Piggy's goodness ne'er appears Till closed his eyes and deaf his ears. Though feeding spoiled his shape and beauty, Yet feeding was in him a duty ; In spite of this reproach or that, It was his duty to grow fat. SOLITUDE. 219 Death was to him no awful sentence, No need for sorrow or repentance ; How many a gourmand, stout and big, Might envy thy last hour, O pig ! In the letter that follows this effusion Mrs. More speaks of fears that her head might not last out her body; but there are no signs of degay in the composition. There is plenty of vigor in a letter to Daniel Wilson, bearing date August 2, 1826. "As to their reproaching you with being a Cal- vinist, I wish, as Bishop Horsley said in his incom- parable charge, that before they abuse Calvinism they would just take the pains to inquire what it is. I hope to make you smile for a moment when I tell you this story : A little party was sitting at a com- fortable game of whist, when one of the set, having a slight headache, turned about and asked a lady who was sitting by to take her cards for a few min- utes. The lady excused herself by saying that really she could not play ; on which the other exclaimed, ' Now that is what I call Calvinism I ' It is a pity that Bishop Horsley could not have been by to have heard this satisfactory exposition of the doctrine — and so practical too ! "The only one of my youthful fond attachments which exists still in its full force is a passion for scenery, raising flowers, and landscape gardening, in which I can still indulge in some measure, as far 220 HANNAH MORE. as opening a walk from my chamber window among a little grove of trees which I planted twenty-four years ago. . . . " But I am running away from my object, which is that I scribbled the enclosed lines in a state of mind not very different from what you describe : — Solitary Musings. Lord, when dejected I appear, And love is half absorbed in fear, E'en then I know I 'm not forgot ; Thou 'rt present, though I see Thee not. Thy boundless mercy 's still the same, Though I am cold, nor feel the flame ; Though dull and hard my sluggish sense, Faith still maintains its evidence. Oh, would Thy cheering beams so shine That I might always feel Thee mine ! Yet, though a cloud may sometimes rise And dim the brightness of my skies, By faith Thy goodness I will bless ; I shall be safe though comfortless. Still, still my grateful soul shall melt At what in brighter days I felt. O wayward heart, thine be - the blame ; Though I may change, God is the same. Not feebler faith, not colder prayer, My state and sentence shall declare ; Nor nerves nor feelings shall decide, — By safer signs I shall be tried. Is the fixed tenor of my mind To righteousness and Christ inclined? SOLITUDE. 221 For sin is my contrition deep ? For past offences do I weep ? Do I submit my stubborn will To Him who guards and guides me still ? — Then shall my peaceful bosom prove That God not loving is but Love'' Mrs. More had expected to end her days in the house so dear for her sisters' sake, and where the garden and shrubbery which she could see from her windows were full of pre- cious associations. But a serious evil was growing up in her household. Her sisters had always attended to domestic matters, and set her at liberty for her literary and charitable undertakings ; and she was unused to housekeeping or to the control of servants when Patty's death left all upon her hands, when already past threescore and ten. Her disposition had always been to shrink from administering rebuke ; and a house where there was continual resort of visitors, and likewise of poor from all her parishes, was such as to need an active supervision that was impossible from a mistress so aged and so often confined to her room (though apparently the visitor quoted above must have been mistaken in thinking she had been nine years upstairs). The waste was such that she found in 1826 that she had ex- 222 HANNAH MORE. ceeded her income in the two past years by- three hundred pounds, and had to trench on her capital. She wished to sell the reversion of Barley Wood, and to remain to the last near the graves of her sisters in a place to which she was so much attached, while she submitted to the wastefulness and extravagance of the ser- vants as a chastisement on her incompetence which affected no one's interest but her own. However, in 1828, in her eighty- third year, discoveries were made which showed that the mischief went far beyond mere waste and idle- ness, and that there were positive evils, bred of indolence and luxury ; and the poor old lady had to be made aware that these dishonest and vicious servants were making her appear to tol- erate the sins she had testified against through life. She was terribly distressed ; but as soon as she knew the truth, her resolution was taken at once. The servants were dismissed ; and on a cold in- clement day she left her beloved home for Clif- ton. Things must have come to a grievous pass, for several of the gentlemen of the neighborhood waited at her chamber door to protect her from anything that would distress her. She descended the stairs with a placid countenance, and then walked silently round the lower rooms, looking SOLITUDE. 223 up at the portraits of all the dear old friends long since passed away; then, when settled in the carriage with Hiss Frowd, she gazed out on her trees and garden, and said, " I am like Eve driven from Paradise, but not, like Eve, by angels." Yet of these wretched servants she said, " Peo- ple exclaim against their ingratitude towards me, but it is their sinfulness towards God that forms the melancholy part of the case." 224 HANNAH MORE. CHAPTER XVI. CLIFTON. A HOUSE at Windsor Terrace, Clifton, received Mrs. Hannah More, and speedily was rendered home-like by receiving her cherished possessions ; while she was able to enjoy with thankfulness the beautiful view from the windows, and so many visitors poured in on her that she was per- suaded to restrict them to two days in the week. With her usual buoyancy and cheerful gratitude, she wrote a list of " my court at Windsor Ter- race," alluding to the numerous attentions and gifts that she received. " The Duke of Gloucester, Sir Thomas Acland, Sir Edmund Hartopp, and Mr. Harford, - — my sportsmen. " Mr. Battersby, Mr. Piggott, and Mrs. Addington, — my fruiterers. " Mr. Wilberf orce, — my guide, philosopher, and friend. " Miss Frowd, — my domestic chaplain and house apothecary, knitter and lamp-lighter, missionary to my numerous and learned seminaries, and without controversy the queen of clubs [the penny clubs of Mendip.] CLIFTON. 225 " Mr. Heber, — my incomparable translator who by his superiority puts the original out of countenance." Barley Wood was purchased by Mr. Har- ford ; and about the same time the copyright of all Mrs. More's works was bought by Cadell. Her expenses being reduced within reasonable bounds, she had full scope for all her benevo- lence, and with an easier mind ; so that she was really happy when the shock was over. She was much amused by hearing that her " Hints for the Education of a young Princess/' after having been for twenty years excluded from publication in the republican atmosphere of the United States, had at last been brought out there as a valuable literary work. " I have conquered America," she merrily exclaimed. Her memory, however, began to fail at times, and though at others there was the old sparkle of vivacity, there were slight confusions and rep- etitions ; and as time went on, it became need- ful to keep her from the strain and exhaustion of visitors. In the autumn of 1832 a great shock befell her in the death of her friend Miss Roberts ; and in November, after a heavy cold on her chest, " a degree of bewilderment, or mild delirium" set in and continued at short intervals during the ten months that remained of her life. Even then she could still read without spectacles, and 226 HANNAH MORE. # hear perfectly, and retained her comeliness of appearance ; nor did she suffer, but was uni- formly cheerful, enjoying the Psalms, and often when they were read to her, finishing the verse. Once, indeed, she said, " My dear, do people never die? Oh, glorious grave ! " When the last day came her face suddenly brightened, she tried to raise herself and stretched out her arms, crying, " Patty, joy ! " It was the last time she spoke, though she lived some hours longer, and breathed her life away on the 7th of September, 1833, when eighty-eight years of age. On the 13th, the w r orn-out body was laid to rest beside those of her four sisters in the church- yard at Wrington. Her directions had been to avoid all pomp and display — only that suits of mourning were to be given to fifteen old men whom she had selected — but there were endless spontaneous tokens of respect. Every church in Bristol tolled its bell as the funeral passed through the streets. All the neighboring gentle- men met the procession a mile from the church, and fell into the rear ; and for half a mile the road was crowded with country people mostly in mourning, and two hundred school-children, with a large number of clergy, preceded the coffin into church. - Hannah More's property was worth about CLIFTON, 227 thirty thousand pounds. Having no near rela- tions, she left ten thousand pounds between va- rious charities in London and at Bristol, with bequests to her clubs at Cheddar and Shipham. But her truly valuable legacy was not only the example of what one woman could be and could do, but a real influence on the tone of educa- tion in all classes of English women. University Press : John Wilson and Son, Cambridge. MESSES. EOBEETS BEOTHEES' PUBLICATIONS. jlamous mamtxi §>m'es» GEORGE ELIOT. By MATHILDE BLIND. One vol. i6mo. Cloth. Price, $1.0©. "Messrs* Roberts Brothers begin a series of Biographies of Famous Women with a life of George Eliot, by Mathilde Blind. The idea of th4 series is an excellent one, and the reputation of its publishers is a guarantee for its adequate execution. This book contains about three hundred pages in open type, and not only collects and condenses the main facts that are known in regard to the history of George Eliot, but supplies other material from personal research. It is agreeably written, and with a good idea of propor tion in a memoir of its size. The critical study of its subject's works, which is made in the order of their appearance, is particularly well done. In fact, good taste and good judgment pervade the memoir throughout." — Saturday Evening Gazette. u Miss Blind's little book is written with admirable good taste and judg- ment, and with notable self-restraint. It does not weary the reader with critical discursiveness, nor with attempts to search out high-flown meanings and recondite oracles in the plain 'yea' and ' nay ' of life. It is a graceful and unpretentious little biography, and tells all that need be told concerning one of the greatest writers of the time. It is a deeply interesting if not fascinating woman whom Miss Blind presents," says the New York Tribiine. " Miss Blind's little biographical study of George Eliot is written with sympathy and good taste, and is very welcome. It gives us a graphic if not elaborate sketch of the personality and development of the great novelist, is particularly full and authentic concerning her earlier years, tells enough oi the leading motives in her work to give the general reader a lucid idea of the true drift and purpose of her art, and analyzes carefully her various writings, with no attempt at profound criticism or fine writing, but with appreciation, insight, and a clear grasp of those underlying psychological principles which are so closely interwoven in every production that came from her pen." — Traveller. " The lives of few great writers have attracted more curiosity and specula- tion than that of George Eliot. Had she only lived earlier in the century she might easily have become the centre of a mythos. As it is, many of the anecdotes commonly repeated about her are made up largely of fable. It is, therefore, well, before it is too late, to reduce the true story of her career to the lowest terms, and this service has been well done by the author of the present volume." — Philadelphia Press. Sold by all booksellers, or mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. FAMOUS WOMEN SERIES. EMILY BRONTE. By A. MARY F. ROBINSON. One vol. 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1.00. " Miss Robinson has written a fascinating biography. . . . Emily Bronte is interesting, not because she wrote ' Wuthering Heights,' but because of her brave, baffled, human life, so lonely, so full of pain, but with a great hope shining beyond all the darkness, and a passionate defiance in bearing more than the burdens that were laid upon her. The story of the three sisters is infinitely sad, but it is the ennobling sadness that belongs to large natures cramped and striving for freedom to heroic, almost desperate, work, with" little or no result. The author of this intensely interesting, sympathetic, and eloquent biography, is a young lady and a poet, to whom a place is given in a recent anthology of living English poets, which is supposed to contain only the best poems of the best writers." — Boston Daily Advertiser. "Miss Robinson had many excellent qualifications for the task she has per- formed in this little volume, among which may be named, an enthusiastic interest in her subject and a real sympathy with Emily Bronte's sad and heroic life. 'To represent her as she was,' says Miss Robinson, ' would be her noblest and most fitting monument.' . . . Emily Bronte here becomes well known to us and, in one sense, this should be praise enough for any biography.'' — New York Times. "The biographer who finds such material before him as the lives and characters of the Bronte family need have no anxiety as to the interest of his work. Char- acters not only strong but so uniquely strong, genius so supreme, misfortunes so overwhelming, set in its scenery so forlornly picturesque, could not fail to attract all readers, if told even in the most prosaic language. When we add to this, that Miss Robinson has told their story not^ in prosaic language, but with a literary style exhibiting all the qualities essential to good biography, our readers will understand that this life of Emily Bronte is not only as interesting as a novel, but a great deal more interesting than most novels. As it presents most vividly a general picture of the family, there seems hardly a reason for giving it Emily's name alone, except perhaps for the masterly chapters on ' Wuthering Heights,' which the reader will find a grateful condensation of the best in that powerful but some- what forbidding story. We know of no point in the Bronte history — their genius, their surroundings, their faults, their happiness, their misery, their love and friend- ships, their peculiarities, their power, their gentleness, their patience, their pride, — which Miss Robinson has not touched upon with conscientiousness and sym- pathy."— The Critic. " * Emily Bronte ' is the second of the ' Famous Women Series,' which Roberts Brothers, Boston, propose to publish, and of which ' George Eliot ' was the initial volume. Not the least remarkable of a very remarkable family, the personage whose life is here written, possesses a peculiar interest to all who are at all familiar with the sad and singular history of herself and her sister Charlotte. That the author, Miss A. Mary F. Robinson, has done her work with minute fidelity to facts as well as affectionate devotion to the subject of her sketch, is plainly to be seen all through the book." — Washington Post. Sold by all Booksellers, or mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. FAMOUS WOMEN SERIES. GEORGE SAND. By BERTHA THOMAS. One volume. i6mo. Cloth. Price, $1.00. " Miss Thomas has accomplished a difficult task with as much good sense as good feeling. She presents the main facts of George Sand's life, extenuating nothing, and setting naught down in malice, but wisely leaving her readers to form their own conclusions. Everybody knows that it was not such a life as the women of England and America are accustomed to live, and as the worst of men are glad to have them live. ... Whatever may be said against it, its result on George Sand was not what it would have been upon an English or American woman of genius." — New York Mail and Express* 11 This is a volume of the ' Famous Women Series,' which was begun so well with George Eliot and Emily Bronte. The book is a review and critical analysis of George Sand's life and work, by no means a detailed biography. Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin, the maiden, or Mme. Dudevant, the married woman, is forgotten in the renowii of the pseudonym George Sand. " Altogether, George Sand, with all her excesses and defects, is a representative woman, one of the names of the nineteenth century. She was great among the greatest, the friend and compeer of the finest intellects, and Miss Thomas's essay will be a useful and agreeable introduction to a more extended study of her life and works." — Knickerbocker. " The biography of this famous woman, by Miss Thomas, is the only one in existence. Those who have awaited it with pleasurable anticipation, but with some trepidation as to the treatment of the erratic side of her character, cannot fail to be pleased with the skill by which it is done. It is the best production on George Sand that has yet been published. The author modestly refers to it as a sketch, which it undoubtedly is, but a sketch that gives a just and discriminating analysis of George Sand's life, tastes, occupations, and of the motives and impulses which prompted her unconventional actions, that were misunderstood by a narrow public. The difficulties encountered by the writer in describing this remarkable character are shown in the first line of the opening chapter, which says, 'In nam- ing George Sand we name something more exceptional than even a great genius.' That tells the whole story. Misconstruction, condemnation, and isolation are the penalties enforced upon the great leaders in the realm of advanced thought, by the bigoted people of their time. The thinkers soar beyond the common herd, whose soul-wings are not strong enough to fly aloft to clearer atmospheres, and consequently they censure or ridicule what they are powerless to reach. George Sand, even iO a greater extent than her contemporary, George Eliot, was a victim to ignorant social prejudices, but even the conservative world was forced to recog- nize the matchless genius of these two extraordinary women, each widely different in her character and method of thought and writing. . . . She has told much that is good which has been untold, and just what will interest the reader, and no more, \n the same easy, entertaining style that characterizes all of these unpretentious jographies." — Hartford Times. Sold everywhere. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price, by the publisher x, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers* Publications. FAMOUS WOMEN SERIES. MARY LAMB. By ANNE GILCHRIST. One volume. 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1.00. ** The story of Mary Lamb has long been familiar to the readers of Elia, but never in its entirety as in the monograph which Mrs. Anne Gilchrist has just contributed to the Famous Women Series. Darkly hinted at by Talfourd in his Final Memorials of Charles Lamb, it became better known as the years went on and that imperfect work was followed by fuller and franker biographies, — became so well known, in fact, that no one could recall the memory of Lamb without recalling at the same time the memory of his sister." — New York Mail and Ex* press. u A biography of Mary Lamb must inevitably be also, almost more, a biogra- phy of Charles Lamb, so completely was the life of the sister encompassed by that of her brother ; and it must be allowed that Mrs. Anne Gilchrist has per- formed a difficult biographical task with taste and ability. . . . The reader is at least likely to lay down the book with the feeling that if Mary Lamb is not famous she certainly deserves to be, and that a debt of gratitude is due Mrs. Gilchrist fot this well-considered record of her life." — Boston Courier. " Mary Lamb, who was the embodiment of everything that is tenderest in woman, combined with this a heroism which bore her on for a while through the terrors of insanity. Think of a highly intellectual woman struggling year after year with madness, triumphant over it for a season, and then at last succumbing to it. The saddest lines that ever were written are those descriptive of this brother and sister just before Mary, on some return of insanity, was to leave Charles Lamb. ' On one occasion Mr. Charles Lloyd met them slowly pacing together a little foot-path in Hoxton Fields, both weeping bitterly, and found, on joining them, that they were taking their solemn way to the accustomed asylum.' What pathos is there not here ? " — New York Times. " This life was worth writing, for all records of weakness conquered, of pain patiently borne, of success won from difficulty, of cheerfulness in sorrow and affliction, make the world better. Mrs. Gilchrist's biography is unaffected and simple. She has told the sweet and melancholy story with judicious sympathy, showing always the light shining through darkness, " — Philadelphia Press. Sold by all Booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of the price, by the Publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. jFamous SEomen Series, MARGARET^ FULLER. By JULIA WARD HOWE. One volume. 16mo. Cloth. Price $1.00» " A memoir of the woman who first in New England took a position of moral and intellectual leadership, by the woman who wrote the Battle Hymn of the Republic, is a literary event of no common or transient interest. The Famous Women Series will have no worthier subject and no more illustrious biographer. Nor will the reader be disappointed, — for the narrative is deeply interesting and full of inspiration." — Woman* s Journal. "Mrs. Julia Ward Howe's biography of Margaret Fuller, in the Famous Women Series of Messrs. Roberts Brothers, is a work which has been looked for with curiosity. It will not disappoint expectation. She has made a brilliant and an interesting book. Her study of Margaret Fuller's character is thoroughly sympathetic ; her relation of her life is done in a graphic and at times a fascinating manner. It is the case of one woman of strong individuality depicting the points Which made another one of the most marked characters of her day. It is always - agreeable to follow Mrs. Howe in this ; for while we see marks of her own mind constantly, there is no inartistic protrusion of her personality. The book is always readable, and the relation of the death-scene is thrillingly impressive." — Salur- day Gazette. " Mrs. Julia Ward Howe has retold the story of Margaret Fuller's life and career in a very interesting manner. This remarkable woman was happy in having James Freeman Clarke, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and William Henry Channing, all of whom had been intimate with her and had felt the spell of her extraordinary personal influence, for her biographers. It is needless to say, of course, that nothing could be better than these reminiscences in their way. " — New York World. "The selection of Mrs. Howe as the writer of this biography was a happy thought on the part of the editor of the series ; for, aside from the natural appre- ciation she would have for Margaret Fuller, comes her knowledge of all the influences that had their effect on Margaret Fuller's life. She tells the story of Margaret Fuller's interesting life from all sources and from her own knowledge, not hesitating to use plenty of quotations when she felt that others, or even Margaret Fuller herself, had done the work better." — Miss Gilder, in Philadel- phia Press. ♦ Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of the price, by the publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston, Mass. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. JFamous Womzn Series. MARIA EDGEWORTH. By HELEN ZIMMERN. One volume. 16mo. Cloth. Price $1.00. " This little volume shows good literary workmanship. It does not weary the reader with vague theories ; nor does it give over much expression to the enthu- siasm — not to say baseless encomium — for which too many female biographers have accustomed us to look. It is a simple and discriminative sketch of one of the most clever and lovable of the class at whom Carlyle sneered as ' scribbling women.' ... Of Maria Edgeworth, the woman, one cannot easily say too much in praise. That home life, so loving, so wise, and so helpful, was beautiful 10 its end. Miss Zimmern has treated it with delicate appreciation. Her book is refined in conception and tasteful in execution,— all, in short, the cynic might say, that we expect a woman's book to be." — New York Tribune. 11 It was high time that we should possess an adequate biography of this orna- ment and general benefactor of her time. And so we hail with uncommon pleas- ure the volume just published in the Roberts Brothers' series of Famous Women, of which it is the sixth. We have only words of praise for the manner in which Miss Zimmern has written her life of Maria Edgeworth. It exhibits sound judgment, critical analysis, and clear characterization. . . . The style of the volume is pure, limpid, and strong, as we might expect from a well-trained Eng- lish writer." — Margaret J. Preston, in the Home Journal. " We can heartily recommend this life of Maria Edgeworth, not only because it is singularly readable in itself, but because it makes familiar to readers of the present age a notable figure in English literary history, with whose lineaments we suspect most readers, especially of the present generation, are less familiar than they ought to be." — Eclectic. " This biography contains several letters and papers by Miss Edgeworth that have not before been made public, notably some charming letters written during the latter part of her life to Dr. Holland and Mr. and Mrs. Ticknor. The author had access to a life of Miss Edgeworth written by her step-mother, as well as to a large collection of her private letters, and has therefore been able to bring forward many facts in her life which have not been noted by other writers. The book is . written in a pleasant vein, and is altogether a delightful one to read." — Utica Herald. Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, by the pub' Ushers^ ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston, Mass. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. JFamous Mamm Series, ELIZABETH FRY. By Mrs. E. R. PITMAN. One vol. i6mo. Cloth. Price #1.00. " In the records of famous women there are few more noble examples of Christian womanhood and philanthropic enthusiasm than the life of Elizabeth Fry presents. Her character was beautifully rounded and complete, and if she had not won fame through her public benefactions, she would have been no less esteemed and remembered by all who knew her because of her domestic virtues, her sweet womanly charms, and the wisdom, purity, and love which marked her conduct as wife, mother, and friend. She came of that sound old Quaker stock which has bred so many eminent men and women. The time came when her home functions could no longer satisfy the yearnings of a heart filled with the tenderest pity for all who suffered ; and her work was not far to seek. The prisons of England, nay, of all Europe, were in a deplorable condition. In Newgate, dirt, disease, starvation, depravity, drunkenness, &c, prevailed. All who sur- veyed the situation regarded it as hopeless ; all but Mrs. Fry. She saw here the opening she had been awaiting. Into this seething mass she bravely entered^ Bible in hand, and love and pity in her eyes and upon her lips. If any one should ask which of all the famous women recorded in this series did the most practical good in her day and generation, the answer must be, Elizabeth Fry." — Neiv York Tribune* " Mrs. Pitman has written a very interesting and appreciative sketch of the life, character, and eminent services in the causes of humanity of one of Eng- land's most famous philanthropists. She was known as the prison philanthropist, and probably no laborer in the cause of prison reform ever won a larger share of success, and certainly none ever received a larger meed of reverential love. Xo one can read this volume without feelings of admiration for the noble woman who devoted her life to befriend sinful and suffering humanity." — Chicago Evening Journal. " The story of her splendid and successful philanthropy is admirably told by her biographer, and every reader should find in the tale a breath of inspiration. Not every woman can become an Elizabeth Fry, but no one can fail to be im- pressed with the thought that no woman, however great her talent and ambition, can fail to find opportunity to do a noble work in life without neglecting her own feminine duties, without ceasing to dignify all the distinctive virtues of her sex> without fretting and crying aloud over the restrictions placed on woman's field of work." — Eclectic Monthly. $ Our publications are for sale by all booksellers \ or will be sent post-paid on receipt of advertised price. ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston, Messrs, Roberts Brothers' PiLblications. FAMOUS WOMEN SERIES. THE COUNTESS OF ALBANY. BY VERNON LEE. One volume. 16mo. Cloth. Price $1.00. " It is no disparagement to the many excellent previous sketches to say that s The Countess of Albany,' by Vernon Lee, is decidedly the cleverest of the series of biographies of ' Famous Women,' published in this country by Roberts Brothers, Boston. In the present instance there is a freer subject, a little farther removed from contemporary events, and sufficiently out of the way of prejudice to admit of a lucid handling. Moreover, there is a trained hand at the work, and a mind not only familiar with and in sympathy with the character under discussion, but also at home with the ruling forces of the eighteenth century, which were the forces that made the Countess of Albany what she was. The biography is really dual, trac- ing the life of Alfieri, for twenty-five years the heart and soul companion of the Countess, quite as carefully as it traces that of the fixed subject of the sketch." — Philadelphia Times. "To be unable altogether to acquiesce in Vernon Lee's portrait of Louise of Stolberg does not militate against our sense of the excellence of her work. Her pictures of eighteenth-century Italy are definite and brilliant. They are instinct with a quality that is akin to magic." — London Academy. i( In the records of famous women preserved in the interesting series which . has been devoted to such noble characters as Margaret Fuller, Elizabeth Fry, and George Eliot, the life of the Countess of Albany holds a unique place. Louise of Albany, or Louise R., as she liked to sign herself, possessed a character famed, not for domestic virtues, nor even for peculiar wisdom and creative power, but rather notorious for an easy-going indifference to conventionality and a worldly wisdom and cynicism. Her life, which is a singular exponent of the false ideas prevalent upon the subject of love and marriage in the eighteenth century, is told by Vernon Lee in a vivid and discriminating manner. The biography is one of the most fascinating, if the most sorrowful, of the series." — Boston Journal. " She is the first really historical character who has appeared on the literary horizon of this particular series, her predecessors having been limited to purely literary women. This brilliant little biography is strongly written. Unlike pre- ceding writers — German, French, and English — on the same subject, the author does not hastily pass over the details of the Platonic relations that existed between the Countess and the celebrated Italian poet ' Alfieri.' In this biography the details of that passionate friendship are given with a fidelity to truth, and a knowl- edge of its nature, that is based upon the strictest and most conscientious inves- tigation, and access to means heretofore unattainable to other biographers. The history of this friendship is not only exceedingly interesting, but it presents a fascinating psychological study to those who are interested in the metaphysical aspect of human nature. The book is almost as much of a biography of ' Alfieri ' as it is of the wife of the Pretender, who expected to become the Queen of Eng- land." — Hartford Times* % Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, postpaid, on receipt of the price, by the publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. jFamous SHomen Series, MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT. BY ELIZABETH ROBINS PENNELL. One volume. 16mo. Cloth. Price $1.00. " So far as it has been published, and it has now reached its ninth volume, the Famous Women Series is rather better on the whole than the English Men of Letters Series. One had but to recall the names and characteristics of some of the women with whom it deals, — literary women, like Maria Edgeworth, Margaret Fuller, Mary Lamb, Emily Bronte, George Eliot, and George Sand ; women of the world (not to mention the other parties in that well-known Scrip- tural firm), like the naughty but fascinating Countess of Albany ; and women of philanthropy, of which the only example given here so far is Mrs. Elizabeth Fry, — one has but to compare the intellectual qualities of the majority of English men of letters to perceive that the former are the most difficult to handle, and that a series of which they are the heroines is, if successful, a remarkable col- lection of biographies. We thought so as we read Miss Blind's study of George Sand, and Vernon Lee's study of the Countess of Albany, and we think so now that we have read Mrs. Elizabeth Robins Pennell's study of Mary Wollstone- craft, who, with all her faults, was an honor to her sex. She was not so consid- ered while she lived, except by those who knew her well, nor for years after her death ; but she is so considered now, even by the granddaughters of the good ladies who so bitterly condemned her when the century was new. She was notable for the sacrifices that she made for her worthless father and her weak, inefficient sisters, for her dogged persistence and untiring industry, and for her independence aud her courage. The soul of goodness was in her, though she would be herself and go on her own way ; and if she loved not wisely, according to the world's creed, she loved too well for her own happiness, and paid the penalty of suffering. What she might have been if she had not met Capt. Gilbert Imlay, who was a scoundrel, and William Godwin, who was a philosopher, can only be conjectured. She was a force in literature and in the enfranchise- ment of her sisterhood, and as such was worthy of the remembrance which she will long retain through Mrs. Pennell's able memoir." — R. H. Stoddard, in the Mail a?id Express. Sold by all booksellers. Mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price by the publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. JTamous SHomeit Series. HARRIET MARTINEAU. By Mrs. F. FENWICK MILLER. i6mo. Cloth. Price $l.oo. " The almost uniform excellence of the ' Famous Women ' series is well sus- tained in Mrs. Fen wick Miller's life of Harriet Martineau, the latest addition to this little library of biography. Indeed, we are disposed to rank it as the best of the lot. The subject is an entertaining one, and Mrs. Miller has done her work admirably. Miss Martineau was a remarkable woman, in a century that has not been deficient in notable characters. Her native genius, and her perseverance in developing it ; her trials and afflictions, and the determination with which she rose superior to them ; her conscientious adherence to principle, and the important place which her writings hold in the political and educational literature of her day, — all combine to make the story of her life one of exceptional interest. . . . With the exception, possibly, of George Eliot, Harriet Martineau was the greatest of English women. She was a poet and a novelist, but not as such did she make good her title to distinction. Much more noteworthy were her achievements in other lines of thought, not usually essayed by women. She was eminent as a political economist, a theologian, a journalist, and a historian. . . . But to attempt a mere outline of her life and works is out of the question in our limited space. Her biography should be read by all in search of entertainment." — Professor Woods in Saturday Mirror. "The present volume has already shared the fate of several of the recent biog- raphies of the distinguished dead, and has been well advertised by the public con- tradiction of more or less important points in the relation by the living friends of the dead genius. One of Mrs. Miller's chief concerns in writing this life seems to have been to redeem the character of Harriet Martineau from the appearance of hardness and unamiability with which her own autobiography impresses the reader. . . . Mrs. Miller, however, succeeds in this volume in showing us an alto- gether different side to her character, — a home-loving, neighborly, bright-natured, tender-hearted, witty, lovable, and altogether womanly woman, as well as the clear thinker, the philosophical reasoner, and comprehensive writer whom we already knew." — The Index. "Already ten volumes in this library are published; namely, George Eliot, Emily Bronte, George Sand, Mary Lamb, Margaret Fuller, Maria Edgeworth, Elizabeth Fry, The Countess of Albany, Mary Wollstonecraft, and the present volume. Surely a galaxy of wit and wealth of no mean order ! Miss M. will rank with any of them in womanliness or gifts or grace. At home or abroad, in public or private. She was noble and true, and her life stands confessed a suc- cess. True, she was literary, but she was a home lover and home builder. She never lost the higher aims and ends of life, no matter how flattering her success. This whole series ought to be read by the young ladies of to-day. More of such biography would prove highly beneficial." — Troy Telegram. Our publications are for sale by all booksellers, or will be mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price. ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. jFamous EHomett Series, RACHEL. By Mrs. IOTA H. KENNAED. One Volume. 16mo. Cloth. Price, $1.00. * Rachel, by Nina H. Kennard, is an interesting sketch of the famous woman whose passion and genius won for her an almost unrivalled fame as an actress. The story of Rachel's career is of the most brilliant success in art and of the most pathetic failure in character. Her faults, many and grievous, are overlooked in this volume, and the better aspects of her nature and history are recorded." — Hartford Courant. 11 The book is well planned, has been carefully constructed, and is pleasantly written." — The Critic. " The life of Mile. Iilisa Rachel Felix has never been adequately told, and the appearance of her biography in the * Famous Women Series ' of Messrs. Roberts Brothers will be welcomed. . . . Yet we must be glad the book is written, and welcome it to a place among the minor biographies ; and because there is nothing else so good, the volume is indispensable to library and study.'' — Boston Evening Traveller. "Another life of the great actress Rachel has been written. It forms part of the ' Famous Women Series,' which that firm is now bringing out, and which already includes eleven volumes. Mrs. Kennard deals with her subject much more amiably than one or two of the other biographers have done. She has none of those vindictive feelings which are so obvious in Madame B.'s narrative of the great tragedienne. On the contrary, she wants to be fair, and she probably is as fair as the materials which came into her possession enabled her to be. The endeavor has been made to show us Rachel as she really was, by relying to a great extent upon her letters. . . . A good many stories that we are familiar with are repeated, and some are contradicted. From first to last, however, the sympathy of the author is ardent, whether she recounts the misery of Rachel's childhood, or the splen- did altitude to which she climbed when her name echoed through the world and the great ones of the earth vied in doing her homage. On this account Mrs. Kennard's book is a welcome addition to the pre-existing biographies of one of the greatest actresses the world ever saw." — N.Y. Evening Telegram. » Sold everywhere. Mailed postpaid, by the Publishers, ROBERTS BROTHERS, Boston. Messrs. Roberts Brothers' Publications. jFamoxts SHomen .Series, MADAME ROLAND. By MATHILDE BLIND, AUTHOR OF "GEORGE ELIOT'S LIFE." One volume. i6mo. Cloth. - Price, $i .00. " Of all the interesting biographies published in the Famous Women Series, Mathilde Blind's life of Mme. Roland is by far the most fascinating. . . . But no one can read Mme. Roland's thrilling story, and no one can study the character of this noble, heroic woman without feeling certain that it is good for the world to have every incident of her life brought again before the public eye. Among the famous women who have been enjoying a new birth through this set of short biographies, no single one has been worthy of the adjective great until we come to Mme. Roland. . . . "We see a brilliant intellectual women in Mme. Roland; we see a dutiful daughter and devoted wife ; we see a woman going forth bravely to place her neck under the guillotine, — a woman who had been known as the * Soul of the Giron- dins ; ' and we see a woman struggling with and not being overcome by an intense and passionate love. Has history a more heroic picture to present us with? Is there any woman more deserving of the adjective ■ great ' ? " Mathilde Blind has had rich materials from which to draw for Mme. Roland's biography. She writes graphically, and describes fcome of the terrible scenes in the French Revolution with great picturesqueness. The writer's sympathy with Mme. Roland and her enthusiasm is very contagious ; and we follow her record almost breathlessly, and with intense feeling turn over the last few pages of this little volume. No one can doubt that this life was worth the writing, and even earnest students of the French Revolution will be glad to refresh their memories of Lamartine's ' History of the Girondins,' and again have brought vividly before them the terrible tragedy of Mme. Roland's life and death." — - Boston Evening Transcript. " The thrilling story of Madame Roland's genius, nobility, self-sacrifice, and death loses nothing in its retelling here. The material 'has been collected and arranged in an unbroken and skilfully narrated sketch, each picturesque or exciting incident being brought out into a strong light. 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