Class OlV 7<3$ Book.„__^A\_2 5t _ Copyright N° COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT; SIXTY YEARS OF THE UNION BOAT CLUB SIXTY YEARS OF THE Union Boat Club BY THE CLUB HISTORIAN A LIST OF MEMBERS AND THE MORE IMPORTANT RACES OF THE CLUB FROM 1851 TO 1911 COMPILED BY THE SECRETARY BOSTON PRINTED FOR THE UNION BOAT CLUB ^ Copyright, 1913 By the Union Boat Club LC Control Numb* tmp96 026213 THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. ■CI.A350132 it 1 PREFACE THIS historical sketch of the Union Boat Club of Boston was completed in the summer of 1911, sixty years after the foundation of the Club. The His- torian got his material from the accounts of the founder, Daniel Webster Rogers, for the first ten years of the Club; of Mr. L. S. King, for the years from 1865 to 1870 ; and of Mr. W. S. Eaton, for the years from 1874 to 1884; from various documents of the Club — log-books and secretaries' records ; and from anecdotes related by various members. Because of the multi- plicity of sources and vagueness at times of expression or recollection, there are probably some errors in dates and other figures, but the Historian has zealously tried to have them all accurate. The list of members and the list of races in which the Club has taken part have been prepared by the Secretary, Mr. Arthur Drinkwater, who has otherwise helped the publication of this book by all means in his power. The First Lieutenant, Dr. G. S. Derby, has been kind enough to read the manuscript to see that the Historian made no errors in boating nomenclature. Mr. W. S. Eaton has lent photographs for some of the illustrations, and he and Mr. W. H. Carpenter have been ready to give freely of their time in advising vi PREFACE the Historian. Former secretaries, especially Mr. B. P. Ellis (who made the first efforts to get material for a Club history together) and Mr. R. P. Blake, and many other members of the Boat Club have likewise given their help in preparing this history. Howard Maynadier. Wilmington, Delaware, December, 1911. CONTENTS Page I. The Beginning 1 II. Early Growth 15 III. Some Old Club Customs ...... 53 IV. The War 67 V. Transformation 73 VI. The Even Tenor 108 VII. New Waters 179 Appendix A. The First Constitution of the Club and the Fifth 237 " B. The Union Boat Club Association 253 " C. Members of the Club . ... 265 I. Former Officers .... 265 II. Past Members .... 272 III. Present Members . . . 294 " D. List of Races .307 E. The Log 326 F. The Navy 328 a Index 329 ILLUSTRATIONS Charles River Basin from Harvard Bridge . Frontispiece Braman's Bath- House, Front View . . Facing page 6 Plan of Braman's Baths (i " 6 Braman's Bath-House, from the Water . " " 8 Union Boat Club Oarsmen, 1857 .. . " " 44 The Beacon Cup " " 51 Early Prizes " " 52 The First House of the Union Boat Club " " 72 The House of 1870 « "104 Union Boat Club and Backs of Brimmer Street Houses " " 106 Last Row from the House of 1870 . . " " 128 Union Boat Club on a Regatta Day . . " "140 The Barge Union " " 164 The Union in Mystic Pond " " 164 Up the Mystic River . " « 1 66 Luncheon " " 166 First Row from the New Boat House . . " " 232 Present House of the Union Boat Club . " ' " 234 SIXTY YEARS OF THE UNION BOAT CLUB THE UNION BOAT CLUB THE BEGINNING rilHE Union Boat Club, like so many other good **• things of this world, gave in the beginning little promise of its future importance. It came mod- estly into existence in the spring of 1851, when Mr. Daniel Webster Rogers and a few other gentlemen interested in rowing on the Charles River conceived the idea that they might increase their enjoyment of the sport by forming a club. Mr. Rogers, ac- cordingly, prepared and circulated a paper with the simple statement on it: ' We, whose names are hereto annexed, for the purpose of mutual benefit and enjoyment, enter into the following agreement for the for- mation of a boat club. 6 First, that we will pay our respective shares of a sum necessary for the purchase of a boat. 6 Second, that in regard to other matters re- lating to said club we will individually act as a majority shall determine.' After enough signatures had been affixed to war- rant purchasing a boat, Mr. Rogers called the 1 2 THE UNION BOAT CLUB signers of the paper to meet one evening late in May in Braman's Bath Building. An organisation was then effected and a constitution drawn up, the first article of which declared that the new club should 6 be denominated the Union Boat Club.' There were to be three officers — a Treasurer, who was also the President, a Secretary, and a Coxswain. The last was not merely to steer what the first constitution called ' the Boat ' of the Club — that is, the whole navy — but to have entire charge of it ; in fact, to exercise virtually the authority at a later day vested in the Captain. These officers were duly elected. The con- stitution also provided for a business meeting of the Club every Wednesday, and somewhat vaguely for the payment of dues and the use of * the Boat ' in the evening. That was all there was of the first constitution, with the adoption of which, on the twenty-sixth day of May, 1851 — a day memorable in the annals of American rowing — the Union Boat Club was born. 1 The name of the Club has some historical interest. According to Mr. Rogers, who wrote a sketch of its first ten years, its sponsors in baptism gave the young organisation the name Union, because they were mostly members of the Whig party and ardent admirers of Daniel Webster (in fact Mr. Rogers had been named for him) ; and Webster in his public utterances had unswervingly advocated the principle of federal union in opposition to all suggestions of 1 For the first constitution, see Appendix A. THE BEGINNING 3 nullification or secession. As far back as the War of 1812, much as Webster, like most other New Eng- enders, deprecated that war, he made clear that he had no sympathy with the separatist feeling of the Hartford Convention. Almost twenty years later in his reply to Hayne, he expressed similar senti- ments in that defence of the Union which most of us have to read at school. His great speech on The Constitution and the Union, in March, 1850, was the logical culmination of his doctrine. Opposed heart and soul to slavery, Webster yet saw that since it was recognised by the Federal Constitution, it must be upheld by law. Only by mutual compromise could the Union be preserved. And so in the famous ' Seventh of March ' speech in the Senate, he be- came the advocate of the compromise measures which Henry Clay had proposed. Opinions have differed widely as to the wisdom and right of Webster's course, and historians are still far from agreeing about it. Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge, in his Daniel Webster in the series of American Statesmen, condemns it severely. Others, among them the late John Fiske and Mr. C. K. Adams, are inclined to think that only the passing of these compromise measures postponed the Civil War till the North was in a relatively stronger position than in 1850, and so likelier to succeed in preserving the Union. Be that as it may, it was the crisis in our history, when the great question of union or disunion was still unsettled, that led the founders of the new Boat Club to name it for that 4 THE UNION BOAT CLUB national union which seemed to them in peril but which they prized so highly. And ten years later, when even the compromise of 1850 failed to avert war, the men of the new Club showed themselves worthy of their name. A third of them were among the volunteers to defend the Union. By 1861, however, not a large proportion of the charter members of the Club still belonged to it; nor, alas ! did all those who had left it leave for good reason. That stern, impartial, and sharp-sighted goddess, Truth, compels the Historian to record that not all members had the loyal devotion to the Club which characterised Mr. Rogers. Of twelve x charter members, no less than three took their obligations so lightly that they were dishonorably discharged for non-payment of dues when the Club had seen only three months of existence. They seem to have al- lowed themselves to become liable to expulsion volun- tarily. Perhaps they were irritated at the strict rules and regulations of the Club which had been voted at the instance of its founder, who was always a stickler for discipline. 2 However that may be, one of the three discharged members was the President, who had previously been asked to resign his office because, having appointed himself to take care of the Club room, he 6 failed to perform his duties,' 3 and 1 See Appendix A. 2 'Remarks were made by Messrs. Rogers, Ireland, Kimball, and others on the necessity of having more discipline in the Club.' July 16, 1851. 3 Records for August 13, 1851. THE BEGINNING 5 also because he failed so often to attend the weekly meetings. No doubt their unnecessary frequency bored him. Another, by the irony of fate, was a gentleman commended in the Secretary's report of the first meeting as * particularly happy in what he had to say,' to the effect that members should be ' prompt and energetic in the payment of their dues, as on that, in a great measure, depends the vitality of the Union.' And this but three short months before his expulsion for non-payment! After all, it is not only femina who can be varium et mutabile. But let us turn this page of Club history. The first quarters of the Union Boat Club were in Braman's Bath Building, where its organisation had been effected. There the Club hired and duly fur- nished one room. ' Braman's Baths,' as the estab- lishment was known in Boston, was a famous bath- house and boat-house, near the southwest corner of the present Brimmer Street and Chestnut Street. The main building rested on piles and extended for some distance over the water, which came up to what is now Brimmer Street. Between the piles was space enough for the passage of boats, which could be hoisted to their berths under the floor of the bath- house by slings attached to a windlass. From Braman's main building, where the Boat Club had its room, you passed by a bridge to his floating swimming-bath. Between the two structures were rafts, on either side of the bridge, for the accom- modation of oarsmen; and down stream, towards 6 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the Cambridge Bridge, were anchored small pleasure craft of every description. What with sail-boats, row-boats, and swimmers, Braman's Baths must have been a scene of considerable animation, especially when high tide and a full summer moon came to- gether. The considerable expanse of salt water would seem in the moonlight even larger than it really was; and from twilight till midnight immediately round the bath-house, it was alive with boatmen and bathers. For Braman's in the fifties, when the Charles was still a clear and clean tide-river, was the favorite place in Boston for salt-water bathing; and Bostonians in those days, if we may trust contemporary accounts, were fonder than we are now, of taking their swims in the evening. Even in the disillusioning light of day, as you looked from Braman's Baths over the Charles River at flood tide, you saw a far more spacious sheet of water than the ' Basin ' of the present. There was no Harvard Bridge to break the sweep of the salt bay, which seemed to stretch off to the foot of the Brookline hills. On the right, the high tide flowed over the Cambridge marshes to the tracks of the present Grand Junction Railway. On the left, you would not see a similar expanse of water, for there was the ' Mill-Dam,' running a straight line from Boston to Brookline, with a roadway on it which is now Beacon Street; but over the mill-dam you saw only sky, and far off the hills of Roxbury. Beacon BRAMAN'S BATH-HOUSE, FRONT VIEW PLAN OF BRAMAN'S BATHS A Sketch from Memory THE BEGINNING 7 Street proper with its houses terminated near the present Brimmer Street. West of that, there was scarcely a building save the gate-house about a mile up stream, which controlled the flow of water of the Back Bay, the grist mills run by this water, and near them on the mill-dam, the inn known as ' Wat- kins',' from the name of its landlord — a house be- loved of oarsmen for its nut-brown ale. Though the mill-dam prevented anyone at Braman's from seeing the Back Bay itself and the marshes beyond, you would know, if you were an oarsman, that an hour before high water you could pass the flood gates of the old dam (where at present is the out- flow from the Fens) and row westerly through the marshes up Muddy River to the Brookline road, now Brookline Avenue, or southerly to the mouth of Stony Brook in Roxbury and the uplands at the foot of Parker Hill. The members of the youthful Club, whose aquatic powers thus no pent-up Basin contained, were far from distinguished oarsmen. At least Mr. Rogers says that when the room in Braman's Baths was made ready, ' certain days were appointed for . . . practice on the river. No object other than that of making passable oarsmen and the enjoyment of rowing excursions was contemplated. Chance might eventually open the way for the attainment of a higher order of watermanship, but the acquirement of rudimentary knowledge would occupy one season at least, and to that accomplishment all energy was 8 THE UNION BOAT CLUB to be directed.' 1 That the energy at first was ex- treme is apparent from the vote of June 4th that there should be practice in rowing 6 Friday morning, at five o'clock, of each week.' The wonder is that with this exaggerated energy not more than three members were frightened out of the Club. As might be expected, the zeal for the morning row did not last. By August 20th the Club was ready to vote unanimously a change of rowing hours to Monday and Friday evenings. Nor was the equipment of the Club calculated to promote distinguished watermanship rapidly. Its 4 first boat . . . was a heavily built ship's gig,' named, like several Club boats that were to follow, Union. 6 She pulled four oars, and sat quite deep in the water : so deep in fact that unless going with the tide slow progress could be made. Excursions were consequently planned with due regard for the cur- rent. To row against it was an offence of a grave nature: an experiment not calculated to preserve a proper respect for the coxswain. From the boathouse to where is now located Longwood Bridge was looked upon as a respectable pull, and to cover the dis- tance without halt was a marvellous matter — some- thing to be proud of in point of endurance, pro- vided, as before mentioned, the tide was made to serve.' 2 Sallying forth in this heavy gig, the men of the 1 Mr. Rogers's sketch of the early years of the Union Boat Club, p. 2. 2 Rogers, p. 3. THE BEGINNING 9 Boat Club, however unskilled, got at least one pleas- ure unknown to club oarsmen to-day. In the fifties, when much that is now noisy or smoky city was still fresh country, the neighborhood of Boston offered unrivalled facilities for camping out, which was ac- cordingly a favorite diversion. And so the first- year members of the Boat Club enjoyed many de- lightful hours under the canvas, sometimes on the river banks, again on the islands in the harbor. Thus, with camping, and with conscientious if clumsy prac- tice in rowing, they passed the summer of 1851. All too soon cold weather came, and the good days out- doors of the first season of the Union Boat Club were ended. But however much fun and health this sum- mer gave the members of the Club, to us to-day its first year does not seem remarkable, except for two events — one, that very important event in the life of any organisation, the beginning; the other, the only bitter dissension among its members that the Club has known. What the color of the gig, Union, was in the first season is not recorded, but for the second, the Club voted that she should be ' painted black outside, with red stripe, and deep green inside, and that a com- mittee of three be appointed to carry it into effect.' This vote was passed at a meeting on January 12th at the Lexington House in Lexington, whither the Club, ' having resolved on a sleigh-ride,' had 6 pro- ceeded ... in one of Fullum's best teams ' ; and where, ' after amusing themselves by rolling ten- 10 THE UNION BOAT CLUB pins, and having discussed a substantial supper,' l they had been called to order by the President to transact necessary business. Perhaps they would have voted more conservatively as to colors, had they met in town without ' discussing a substantial sup- per ' beforehand. Further business at the meeting was the consideration of a Club uniform, a unanimous vote ' to set apart the 12th of January of each year to be celebrated by a sleigh-ride, supper, etc.' (though there was no provision for always having snow), and a vote of thanks to the landlord of the Lexington House for his ' substantial entertainment.' The second season of the Club was less eventful than its first. The routine of work was substantially what it had been the previous year; despite efforts to get a quicker boat, the same old heavy gig, now, as we have seen, gaudily painted, was still the only one used; candidates for admission did not present themselves; the treasury was low; in fact, it was difficult to keep the young Club alive. And this in spite of invitations to ladies to participate in moon- light excursions, and of many other inducements to create interest in the Boat Club. The truth was that watermanship was still bad, as we may see from an incident related by Mr. Rogers. The members of the Club, having invited various ' fair guests ' and also some of the ' sterner sex ' for a moonlight row, in order to do justice to the occasion had their gay, four-oared gig ' painted 1 Records, 1852. THE BEGINNING 11 anew and adorned with a gold streak. That the full majesty of a six-oar might be attained, additional thwarts and row-locks were also attached. Carefully put away for the purpose of hardening paint and putty, the fact that a shrinkage of the boat's planks and an opening of the seams would naturally occur had not been allowed for. Meanwhile, invitations had been extended to lady and gentleman friends, and the proud moment had come for the Unions to display their ability as boatmen. But here the old adage touching the " nicest schemes of mice and men " re- ceived another verification; for scarcely had the crew launched their craft, assisted their precious freight aboard, and taken their thwarts to await the coxswain's orders when the water appeared above the bottom boards. So rapidly did it rise that unusual activity was demanded to save all hands from a duck- ing. The rescue was effected, however, but not until the boat had sunk nearly to the gunwales, where she was left until salt water should render her tight again.' 1 But the gallant tars of the Boat Club were not to be disheartened. ' Ere another moon had waned a seaworthy Union six awaited their fair guests that floated like a swan, and was made to " walk the waters like a thing of life." At least the crew thought so.' 2 At this time, when a boat club in America was still a novelty, the navy set the fashion for amateur oars- 1 Rogers, pp. 4 and 5. 2 Rogers, pp. 5 and 6. 12 THE UNION BOAT CLUB manship. As we have seen, the one boat of the Club was a gig, similar in build to the lapstreaks of a later day. Oars were pulled, as in the navy, di- rectly from the gunwales. Also, as in the navy, much was made of discipline and etiquette. ' In em- barking about five orders preceded the final one to " give way." In meeting another rowing crew eti- quette demanded coming to a dead halt and then tendering a salute by " tossing oars," oars too that were made of heavy hard wood and of tremendous weight.' 1 For years, also, the Club tried to be as scrupulous as the navy in the matter of uniform, which was a subject of great moment. There was much talk about the minutiae of it, as to whether hats or caps should be worn, and white shirts or blue. Even as late as the seventies, the Club records show that such questions were thought of grave importance. Discipline, in the early days, had likewise some- thing of naval strictness ; and that and the weight of the heavy sweeps must have proved trying to both body and temper, for once, at least, in 1852, they resulted in mutiny and a court-martial. ' A midship oar during practice becoming somewhat careless in his work was requested by the coxswain to feather properly — to " turn his oar." The novice of some two hours' exercise, in which he had strained every sinew in his body in endeavoring to get command of his sweep, and forgetting for the moment his duty 1 Rogers, pp. 6 and 7. THE BEGINNING 13 as a " man-of-war's man," suddenly stopped rowing, and with much amazement, accompanied by the dis- play of a terribly lacerated thumb, crustily ordered the coxswain to " come and turn the oar himself." ' x This infraction of discipline was too much. On the return of the crew to the boat-house, a court- martial was at once held. With mock seriousness it was decided that maritime law applied to the Union Boat Club, for the Charles River Basin was an arm of the sea ; and therefore, since the midship oar's re- ply to the coxswain had been made on salt water, he was judged ' guilty of mutiny on the high seas.' Despite the humor which was intended in this, the mutinous oar took it seriously. So far as is known he never rowed in a Club boat again. And three other members, it would seem either through sympathy or through fear of being similarly dis- ciplined, soon after left the Club, which thus had not members enough to man the gig. Here again is one of the several hints in the records that early mem- bers were too fond of discipline, and that they en- forced it with undue seriousness. Yet this second year saw some progress. Not content with one room in Braman's Baths, the Club hired a floating boat-house of its own, apparently close by. It voted that its uniform should consist 6 of white duck trousers, a white shirt with blue trimmings, and a sailor chip hat, upon the band of which was emblazoned in golden letters the word 1 Rogers, pp. 6 and 7. 14 THE UNION BOAT CLUB " Union." ' 1 Furthermore, in the little band of faith- ful members left after the four withdrawals, Club spirit grew strong. Coming together in the boat- house as often as possible during the autumn, they * insisted that success was a duty, sang the Canadian Boat Song to cheer their spirits, and resolved with Jacksonian vigor that the " Union must and shall be preserved." ' 2 1 Rogers, p. 4. 2 Rogers, p. 7. II EARLY GROWTH rilHEIR plucky devotion was rewarded the next -■• year, 1853, in which the Club first attained that distinction in rowing which it has kept ever since. This was made possible by the admission of several desirable new members — enough to justify the Club in establishing itself in the larger quarters of a rowing association just disbanding, that had occu- pied and comfortably fitted up a part of the lower story in the bath building. Thus the Club had a pleasant room for social meetings and ample space for storage. Besides, it bought from the disbanding association a four-oared boat, the Wave, which seems to have been fairly fast. 1 Among the new members were two especially ener- getic and experienced young oarsmen, Alfred Whit- man, Jr., and William Dudley Woodbridge Allan. The former was a native of Nova Scotia, the latter of St. John, New Brunswick ; and so both came from a region more interested in rowing than any in the United States. Thanks to Allan, the Club purchased another four-oar of light build, of the latest and best 1 Rogers, p. 8. 15 16 THE UNION BOAT CLUB model, which required no coxswain but was steered by the bow oar. She was named the Ripple. Thus the Club navy (hitherto consisting of a single gig) was increased in one summer by the important addi- tion of two fast four-oars. The wisdom of this increase was proved in a re- gatta held at Hull in September. The Ripple, manned by Allan, Whitman, H. C. Ahlborn, and R. J. Bulger, was first in a race of what the judges called ' about seven miles,' which distance she made in the good time of thirty-three minutes and fifteen seconds. The prize was a silver pitcher. The Wave brought further glory to the Club by capturing the third * prize, an ornamental tiller-rope. This re- gatta at Hull is to be remembered; it marks the beginning of the long racing career of the Union Boat Club. The excitement of the day for Boat Club men did not end with the regatta. Enthusiastic over the vic- tory in this, their first race, they were soon cele- brating it in a room in the Mansion House where they had the good fortune to meet ' General ' Wat- kins, the genial proprietor of that inn on the mill- dam, whose fried eels and brown ale were so loved of Charles River boatmen. His greeting now was no less cordial than usual, * Boys, you have done nobly ; let us have some wine.' And wine they had in the 1 The Club Book of 1862 calls this the second prize, but both the official report of the race and the Secretary's account in the Club records give the second prize to a four-oared boat named Star. EARLY GROWTH 17 form of champagne for the ensuing hour till dinner was announced. To this meal were invited various guests, including the crew of the Wave, which had not been manned by members of the Boat Club. There followed more champagne and much toasting, and then the award of prizes. When the time came to go home, the Ripple set out for Boston by power of her own oars, but it was thought best to have the Wave, along with several other boats that had competed in the regatta, towed up to town by the harbor steamer Mayflower. The surly captain of the steamer allowed no time to attach the boats properly; and so the Mayflower had hardly got well out into the channel, when the boats in tow began to bump one another and, in conse- quence of the speed of the steamer and a high sea, to take in water. The Wave was in an especially bad position, close under the Mayflower's stern, with the ten-oared General Sarsfleld that had a longer tow-line, pressing hard upon her. Through some twist of the boats, the Sarsfleld' 's bows began to bear on the side of the Wave, and not only the five Boat Club men in her, but also the passengers on board the steamer, began to get alarmed. Men shouted ad- vice for disentangling the boats and two or three women screamed, when a sapient young man stepped out from the crowd and cast off the tow-rope of the Wave, thinking that she would easily drop astern and be safe. But the Sarsfleld, whose bows were now pressing the Wave nearly amidships, was immedi- 18 THE UNION BOAT CLUB ately drawn over her with a crash, throwing three of the Wave's crew and some of her own into the water. The other two men of the Wave managed to stay by the wreck, though her stern was crushed and she was nearly sinking. The Sarsfleld, the only other boat damaged, got her bow so badly stove that she sank to the level of the water and had to be helped ashore by one of the other boats in tow, all of which cut loose from the steamer immediately after the accident. These and the Ripple, that had turned back on seeing the trouble, picked up the men swim- ming in the cold water, of whom Bullens of the Boat Club all the while kept hold of the tiller-rope which the Wave had won as a prize. The damaged boat herself was with difficulty rowed to Hull, whence she was at a later day transported to Boston on the deck of the Mayflower. All this made it of course the more imperative for the Union men, once they were back in their own quarters, to repair in their gig to ' Watkins' ' for a second celebration, coupled with a thanksgiving, for the accident at one moment had looked dan- gerous. At ' Watkins' ' they found the genial old * General ' more genial than ever. Not only had he loaded his boards for the Boat Club with all the good things of the market; but in the centre of the table shone the silver pitcher, won that morning by the Ripple, and on the wall hung the tiller-rope won by the Wave, apparently none the worse for its im- mersion in the salt sea. There were more libations EARLY GROWTH 19 now, and also more toasts, as if there had not been enough of both at noon, and plenty of songs. In that triple ardor of enthusiasm, victory, and cham- pagne, it was hard to believe that there was anything in the world then, or ever had been, like the Union Boat Club. No wonder that two of the original mem- bers, as they got into the heavy gig to go back to the boat-house, thought with pride of the growth of the Club since they had signed the paper promising to buy that boat only two years and four months before. But it seems to have been enthusiasm alone, unaided by champagne, that led the Secretary, in recording the Hull regatta three days later, to write of the 13th of September as * the day of days,' and to allow his pen to wander off into more and more florid fervor, till the account culminated in the departure of the Boat Club men c for their respective residences, satisfied with the results which had at- tended them, which would constitute an era not only in their own history but in boating in general; and could the last thought of each member, ere sweet slumber had stolen over him, have been rendered audible, it would have rent the air with one simul- taneous shout, — " The Union Boat Club for- ever! ! !"' The formal races at Hull were not the only ones in which Union boats engaged that summer. Be- sides demonstrating that no four-oar in Boston waters was a match for her, the Ripple sometimes gave the coxswain of a six ocular evidence that she 20 THE UNION BOAT CLUB herself had no coxswain. And once, shortly after her victory at Hull, as her crew were resting on their sweeps in the sultry September dusk on the Charles, a mile or so above the boat-house, there came the sound of oars over the glassy water and soon the stately passing of the Harvard eight. Immediately the four were away after them. Work as the Har- vard men would, the crew of the Ripple had their boat in slings at the boat-house by the time the eight got there, all wonder and curiosity about the stranger that had beaten them; for they were not without pride in their own craft, the Oneida, in which they had won the first race between Harvard and Yale, in the previous year. This was their first row after the long vacation ; hence their ignorance of the newly famous Ripple. But now acquainted with her, the college crew admired her so much that they asked the Union men to procure a similar boat for Har- vard the following year. 1 So they did, getting a boat built in St. John, New Brunswick, which was thirty- eight feet long and was pulled, like the Ripple, with- out coxswain or traveller. She was the first fast boat owned by Harvard, and she received the curious name of Y—Y. 6 W'y Y-Y? ' one naturally asks to-day, borrow- ing from Esmond that old pun which Thackeray bor- rowed probably from somebody before him. The answer is that Y-Y was short for Yang- Yang, and Yang- Yang itself was the name of a monster that 1 Rogers, p. 12. EARLY GROWTH 21 carried little children off to his lair in the woods and ate them. He was mentioned in a news- paper squib, which for some incomprehensible rea- son went the rounds of the country in the early fifties of the nineteenth century, a sign that people are no more foolish now than they were sixty years since. And so the immediate result of the first brush be- tween a Harvard and a Union crew was the acquisi- tion of a fast four-oar by Harvard through the medium of the Boat Club. What was more impor- tant, the event marked the beginning of that good intimacy between the University and the Union Boat Club which has lasted to the present and happily seems likely to last as long as Union and Harvard crews float on the Charles. An anecdote related by Mr. Rogers is illustrative of the spirit of the Club in this first season of good accomplishment, as well as of keen enthusiasm, in rowing. It seems that ' the favorite practice pull was from Long Wharf to a barge anchored near one of the islands in Boston harbor. On one occa- sion, weather and water favoring, a splendid bit of rowing was accomplished. At the conclusion of the pull, number three in hastily seizing his watch to take the time, brought his oar in contact with it, and overboard went the watch. The timekeeper was a valuable heirloom, and the crew, realising that it was irrecoverable, were almost speechless. Instead of an expected wail, however, from the loser, came this re- 22 THE UNION BOAT CLUB sponse : " Never mind, boys, we did it in thirteen minutes ! " ' x Club spirit was further strengthened this year by the planting of the * Squam Encampment,' a camp on Rust's Island in the Annisquam River, a mid- summer perennial that was to flourish lustily for about ten years, of which more later. Then too, as the rowing season drew to its close, ' gymnasium practice received due attention ' from the dozen members who now made up the Club. 2 So here was the seed which in late years has given as its refresh- ing fruits winter hours indoors, with machine exer- cise and hand-ball and dressing-room raillery, scarcely less happy than golden summer hours afloat on basin or harbor, or in a canoe between the meadow or woodland banks of a little New England river. The next year was proof that this season of 1853 gave the Union Boat Club the distinction which it has enjoyed ever since as a rowing organisation. For in 1854, largely because of the interest in row- ing which the victories of the Ripple had stimulated, the city fathers of Boston decided to add a regatta to the usual events celebrating the Fourth of July. This was the first of the city regattas which subse- quently have been held on the Fourth every year except one. Management of the race was left en- 1 Rogers, p. 11. 2 So says Mr. Rogers in his recollections of early Club days, p. 15. The records show no official provision for gymnasium practice in the winter till November, 1858. EARLY GROWTH 23 tirely to the Boat Club. As in later years, it offered the use of its house to visiting crews, who gladly availed themselves of its hospitality. Thus the Club became, as it has always been since on public regatta days, a semi-civic boat club. Nor has it kept open house on days of public regattas only, as those college crews can testify that have come from time to time to row Harvard on her home waters. Thanks to this hospitality and to its convenient situation, the Union Boat Club, more than any other single force in the rowing world, has helped subsequent regattas on the Charles towards success. As for the first Fourth of July regatta, it had not been advertised long, before the number of entries made evident that there was plenty of interest in it. And when the Fourth came, the number of spec- tators who flocked to all the places on shore that would offer a good view, and the number of boats lying along the course, showed still more plainly that the city had made no mistake in placing a re- gatta among the attractions of the day. The members of the Club, meantime, who were managing the regatta, had little hope of victory for any amateurs who might row, for most of the entries had been made by stalwart longshoremen. In the first race, however — which was for single sculls — Coxswain Allan of the Boat Club, in a light lapstreak procured and rigged for the occasion and named Topsy because of her deep black paint, after a good start and plucky pulling, drew away from 24 THE UNION BOAT CLUB his competitors one by one, finally even from a herculean longshoreman in a Canadian wherry, turned the stake in good form, and crossed the line victorious. The first City sculling race on the Charles had been won by an officer of the Union Boat Club. In the next race, which was for four-oars, the Club was not successful, though it had entered two boats. One was the Petrel, a recent addition to the fleet, entered merely to make the numbers in the regatta larger, for not much was expected of her. But there were great expectations of the other Union boat, the redoubtable Ripple. She made a start worthy of her record, but before a dozen strokes had been pulled, a thole-pin broke and she was out of the race. Without participating in other public races this year, the Union Boat Club, keeping to the purposes for which it had been founded and which it has always tried to keep to, lent its aid freely in furthering amateur rowing. It helped two clubs that had been recently formed — the Young America and the Triton — procuring a boat from St. John for one, and for the other, a boat from Halifax. The two new clubs were short-lived and both were finally merged in the Union. They are worthy of notice here chiefly because they testify to the friendly in- terest which the Union Boat Club habitually took in such amateur rowing organisations. Besides, with the boat from Halifax which the Union procured for the Triton Club, there came a set of spoon oars, EARLY GROWTH 25 according to Mr. Rogers the first ever seen on the Charles River. Now for five years and a half, that is, from 1855 to the War in 1861, the Club kept on the prospering way which, after its first two doubtful, experimental years, it marked out for itself in '53. Little by little it increased and improved its navy; the enthusiasm of its members for boating grew steadily. In these years there was * scarcely a bit of water,' says Mr. Rogers, ' between Watertown and Hull whose sur- face had not been ruffled by the dip of an Union oar.' All the while, besides strengthening its friendly rela- tions with other boat clubs, and doing what it could to stimulate general interest in rowing, it was also unconsciously developing its own peculiar customs — those which can never be made to order, but which growing spontaneously give a club the individuality that only will rouse and hold the love of its members. And all this despite an event which for the mo- ment threatened to kill the new spirit of the Club. Coxswain Allan, winner of the first City sculling race on the Charles, and for the two years of his mem- bership the most energetic and stimulating oarsman in the Club, was stricken with a hemorrhage in October, 1855. The remedies then known for con- sumption were of no avail, and he died in the follow- ing January. 1 He was deeply mourned and de- servedly, for he had come to the Club in its feeble infancy, had served it loyally, had given many proofs 1 January 27, 1856. 26 THE UNION BOAT CLUB of his power as an oarsman, and had won the respect and affection of all his fellow members. On the news of his death, they passed resolutions testifying to his worth and ability; they draped the club-room in black; and after Bishop Eastburn had concluded the funeral services, members of the Boat Club bore Allan's body to the grave. Fortunately for the Club, there was one worthy to succeed Allan. This was Alfred Whitman, who had entered the Club at the same time with Allan, and like Allan had been an eager and stimulating oarsman. He was elected Coxswain at the first business meet- ing of 1856, and retained the position (in the last year with the title of Captain) till he was made a Director in 1861. During the administrations of Allan and Whitman as Coxswain, the Club acquired several new boats. In '55, to be sure, the additions were only what Mr. Rogers calls * some single-scull lapstreaks ' — he does not say how many; and the sale of the once redoubtable Ripple 1 more than offset this gain. But a four-oar, imported from St. John in May, 9 56, made up for the Ripple. This new boat had already 1 No reason for the sale of the former Club favorite is given either by Mr. Rogers or in the records. The entry for a meeting on October 3, 1854, says merely: 'It was voted that the "Ripple" be offered for sale for a sum not less than Fifty Dollars with the "proviso" that when she passes from the hands of the Union Boat Club her present name shall be null, and that she be no longer known as the "Ripple." Mr. Allan was appointed ... to negotiate with any parties who may wish to purchase.' On March 3, 1855, the Coxswain reported that she has been sold to the Young America Boat Club. EARLY GROWTH 27 been victorious at home against Halifax oarsmen, and now, christened the Ariadne, she was to prove her prowess in New England waters. Still, a six-oar was even more desired than the new four, and in the autumn of 1856 one was bought. The builder was Christopher Coyle of St. John, New Brunswick, who had just previously built an eight for Harvard. Being the most important boat in the Club fleet, the new six very properly received the name of Union that had first been borne by the old gig. Though the Union won a notable victory for the Club in the summer of 1857, she was sold, only three years later, to a Portland club for $150. It is said that the origin of six-oars in Boston waters was the result of chance. Before the Union boatmen acquired their first six, two four-oar crews from the Provinces came to Boston to race. One was from Halifax, the other from St. John, and each had defeated the other on home waters. The rivalry between them was so keen that they agreed to row the tie on waters that were neutral. In the excite- ment before the race both crews bet all the money they had. Then they went on to bet their clothes, even to the shirts on their backs. The Halifax crew lost. Clearly when they had paid their bets, each man of them would be as penniless and naked as on the day he was born. There was nothing to do but sell their boat, which they did at a good price. The St. John crew, no longer needing their boat since they had beaten their rivals, and being also thrifty 28 THE UNION BOAT CLUB men, decided to do likewise. There were then left in Boston two fours of both longer and stronger build, because of the rougher waters of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, than the boats used hereabouts. The new owners saw that each boat could perfectly well carry a crew of six instead of four. Each received an additional oar forward and another aft, and thus became a six, a mongrel kind of boat, that could be used also as a four with perfect convenience. Mr. W. H. Carpenter, who came into the Club in '59, recalls another occasion on which a Canadian crew surprised local oarsmen. It was a twelve-mile race in the Basin — that is, four times over the three-mile course — in which the Provincial four, Superior, beat the four, Maid of Erin, manned by Fort Hill men. The Superior had so-called ' double banks,' stout wooden supports for the oars built beyond the gunwales, corresponding to outriggers of to-day; and the peculiarity of her banks was that each had two sets of row-locks or thole-pins, whichever she was provided with. The reason was apparent every time the boat turned the stake. Then the inside men, instead of stopping rowing or backing water, threw their oars over to the outside of the boat, and all four pulling on the starboard side at once made the Superior turn the stakes with a speed disheartening to the Maid of Erm. The year following the purchase of the six-oared Union saw one of greater importance for the Club — that of a single-scull shell, the Swordfish — ' the first EARLY GROWTH 29 shell owned and pulled by Boston oarsmen.' 1 She was built by James McKay, an English builder estab- lished in New York. He had become known in Bos- ton in the previous September, that is, in '56, when a New York crew had come to race a St. John crew on the Charles, and had brought along a shell of his construction. Though the New Yorkers were not victorious, their outrigger shell excited so much ad- miration that McKay received an order to build one like it for the New Brunswick men, and the single scull already mentioned for the Union Boat Club. He saw the four-oar safely delivered in St. John, and while there built the single-scull for the Boat Club. Thus began the transition on the Charles from lapstreak to shell. Nevertheless, two years later, in 1859, the Club went back to the older kind of boat in buying two new lapstreaks, a double scull and a single, chris- tened respectively Acushnet and Zouave. The same year, however, John D. Parker, Jr., bought a single shell for his private use, which he named L' Aiguille; and the Club procured from McKay of New York another single-scull shell on purpose for Whitman to row in a race in which Joshua Ward, the champion sculler of America, was to compete with various local scullers. The race did not prove a good advertiser for the new shells. For one reason or another, all the men who had entered failed to meet Ward except 4 Tom ' Doyle, of local fame, and Whitman. Since 1 Rogers, p. 42. 30 THE UNION BOAT CLUB each met with an accident in the race, Ward rowing in a lapstreak was an easy winner. The members of the Boat Club, as Mr. Rogers records — and it is not strange — regarded the race as a fiasco. Meanwhile, the Ariadne, the four-oar bought in '56, had ceased to belong to the Club, oddly enough because of her success in a singular race at New Bedford in the summer of 1857. That city, it seems, had arranged a whaleboat race as part of its Fourth of July celebration, and invited the Union Boat Club to send a crew. Accordingly, Whitman, G. W. Smalley, G. W. Hunkins, and Amos Webster, Jr., accompanied by a delegation from the Club of half a dozen or so, went down to New Bedford with the Ariadne. To their amazement they found entered for the race no less than thirty whaleboats, manned by strong, weather-beaten whalemen, some of whom had dipped their oars in every ocean of the world. Since New Bedford Harbor was not wide enough for this number to start in one line, the boats had to be started in two divisions, five minutes apart ; and the Ariadne, in her unusual company, was placed in the second division. Her crew, directly the signal was given, put in such good work that, amateurs though they were competing with experienced opponents, they rapidly forged away from the second division and came in bow and bow with the first. Great was the applause and great the good feeling manifested by all New Bedford for the visitors, for those were EARLY GROWTH 31 days of truly chivalrous hospitality in sport. And so after the race, the Union crew, in the colloquial language of the present, * owned the city.' They were given into the hands of a committee of enter- tainment that put them into carriages and had them driven through the streets of New Bedford as part of the city's Fourth of July procession. Then after receiving the plaudits of the people, the crew — and likewise their supporters from the Boat Club — re- turned to the Parker House in New Bedford, where they had been put up at the expense of the city for three whole days. Truly, heroic times, those, and heroically wise in worthily spending the city money ! As for the men of the Union, 'that they enjoyed their princely entertainment,' the Club record states, * goes without saying.' But of what they ate and what they drank, all at the expense of the taxpayers of New Bedford, the chronicle maketh no mention. The result of all this was the formation of an amateur rowing club in New Bedford the next year, which was called the Ripple Boat Club. Their organisation effected, nothing would satisfy the members but the Union's selling them the Ariadne. Now the Ariadne was not only a good boat but naturally after her prowess at New Bedford also a highly prized boat. However, noblesse oblige; the new club needed her more than the older. With its wonted friendliness for new rowing clubs, the Union Boat Club reluctantly consented to the sale. 32 THE UNION BOAT CLUB The Ariadne left the Charles to spend the rest of her days on New Bedford waters. Once more, though, she was to be manned by her old owners. In the summer of '59 the Ripple Club, having entered the Ariadne in another race at New Bedford, with nice courtesy invited the Union Boat Club to send down a crew for her. The invitation was gladly accepted; and Henry Whitman, A. G. Baxter, Jr., James Dingley, and Amos Webster, Jr., volunteered their services. Of these only Webster had rowed in the remarkable whaleboat race of two years before. Once more the Ariadne was victorious, although matched against a formidable-looking boat, the Thorn, with a brawny crew of four who had supposed themselves sure winners. It is difficult to say which club, the Union or the Ripple, was more pleased with her victory. By way of further showing their good feeling, the men of the Ripple Club now placed their six-oared barge, of the same name as their club, at the dis- posal of the Union Boat Club. This Ripple remained in the Union boat-house for three seasons, and was much used for boating-parties. So here again is a sign that those leisurely days in the middle of the nineteenth century were the palmy days of courteous sport. Ever since the appearance on the Charles in Sep- tember, 1856, of the New York four that rowed in a McKay shell against the St. John four, there had been some desire in the Union Boat Club likewise to EARLY GROWTH 33 have a shell, either a four or a six. After the sale of the beloved Ariadne, this desire was quickened, but still it never got beyond the stage of discussion till early in 1860, when the Club voted to order a four-oar shell. ' The committee in charge of the matter, after corresponding with Mr. A. A. Casa- major, an eminent sculler and prominent member of the London Rowing Club, England, decided that the best interests of the Club would be subserved by having the boat built there, and an order was ac- cordingly placed. Mr. Casamajor kindly gave his best attention to her construction, tested her on the Thames, and pronounced her fast. She was shipped by sailing vessel and landed in Boston in June. She differed in construction and rigging from boats of her class built in this country. In fact she was the first genuine shell that floated in American waters.' * This new four, of which great things were ex- pected, did not attain conspicuous success in her first summer. On the Fourth of July she was en- tered against a six-oar shell of Harvard, for at that time boats of all sizes competed in the same con- tests. There was a good deal of interest in the race, because it was* the first between Harvard and the Union Boat Club since a famous one for the Beacon Cup, in 1857, which is soon to be mentioned. For the first third of the three-mile course the race was about even. Then the Union boat ran into a float- 1 Rogers, pp. 45-46. 84> THE UNION BOAT CLUB ing buoy, which tore off her bow outrigger, render- ing her helpless. It was impossible to get Harvard to row again till the day after the race with Yale, which was to take place on Lake Quinsigamond at Worcester late in July. Unfortunately two of the Harvard men were so done up in winning their victory over Yale that they were unable to row against the Union crew in the ' citizens' regatta,' as the race of the follow- ing day was called. Yale was entered, however — a six, like all the crews except the Union — and it was the contest with her boat, rather than that with any other, which interested the Union men. For a time their hopes were high. They had Yale so well astern that they were confident of victory, when half a mile from the finish the Union bow oar caught his blade in the branch of a sunken tree ; the boat came to a standstill. In the effort to get her under way again rapidly, the stroke cracked his oar in the row- lock, and for the rest of the distance could merely go through the form of rowing. Yale won from the Union crew by one second, 1 but did not come up to a New York crew, which was first. Here is as good a place as any for a word on the peculiarity of regattas of the middle nineteenth century that would impress most oddly a spectator of to-day — that is, the variety of the competing craft. This was inevitable, because, with the com- 1 The time of the Union was nineteen minutes and forty seconds. The course was a mile and a half and return. EARLY GROWTH 35 parative scarcity of racing boats anyway, there were so few of a kind that, had races been confined to those in which the boats were all alike, they would have been rowed only in a blue moon. Accordingly that race was chronicled as something rare in which, on June 23d, 1856, Alfred Whitman, Jr., of the Union, and Robert F. Clark, of the Volant Club, rowed in two light single-scull lapstreaks exactly similar. 1 You might see competing in one and the same race pair-oars, four-oars, six-oars, an eight, and rarely even a ten. 2 Moreover, there was wide divergence in the construction of boats pulled by the same number of oars. A Chelsea boat-builder, for instance, estimated forty feet sufficient length for an eight; New York builders generally gave that length to a six; and St. John builders de- creased the beam of boats and allowed thirty-eight feet for a four. 3 Naturally, with such differences of size and number of oars, the smaller boats would claim a time allowance; and the settling of this furnished a difficult problem for the judges to solve to the satisfaction of crews. i Until boats became numerous enough to make a respectable showing, oar for oar, it was a subject of much discussion. Even with the aid of Harvard's mathematicians no definite solution could be reached. The generally adopted 1 Whitman was the winner. 2 In the race at Hull, September 13, 1853, in which the Ripple was victorious, there were entered also, besides two other fours, the Flash, two oars, the F. F. Meagher, six oars, and the General Sarsfield, ten oars. 3 Rogers, p. 19. 36 THE UNION BOAT CLUB handicap allowed by a six to a four was thirty seconds — fifteen seconds per oar ; and the gen- erally adopted rule of the four was to demand twenty seconds or more per oar, and then take what could be got. By general consent fifteen seconds per oar was finally agreed upon as a fair equalisation for three miles.' * Another problem was the classification of crews in a regatta; the practice of putting amateurs in even competition with longshoremen was soon felt to be unjust. The difficulties of this problem led directly to the first amateur rowing association in this part of the world; for since it appeared that relief could be obtained only through an organisa- tion that was strictly amateur, various rowing clubs of Boston made efforts to form one. At first the Union Boat Club opposed the project; its mem- bers thought that amateur boat clubs in Boston were too few in number to support the desired asso- ciation properly. Other clubs, however, were eager for it — the Triton and Young America already mentioned, and the still newer Volant Club. And so as time passed, and the men of the Union found that certain gentlemen who cared for rowing, even though not members of these clubs, would help the proposed organisation, they, too, lent their aid. The result was that in the year 1855 the Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association was formed, composed of members of the four clubs already 1 Rogers, p. 27. EARLY GROWTH 37 named and various other gentlemen interested in rowing. ' The government was vested in a board of directors, one from each club. The President of the Union Club was elected to fill the presidential chair. A gold medal was struck to be contended for annually, the same to be retained by the win- ning club until it could be fairly won by another club. Provision was also made for second prizes.' * The association proved to be short-lived ; it ceased to exist in the following year. Its first race, held in June, '55, brought out from the Union only two boats — as a matter of fact, all the racing material the Club then possessed — a tub of a wherry, and a heavy four named the Union, for in the old days a Union of some sort was always in the Club navy. They met with no success. At the second race in October, the four was changed into a six (which is not to be confused with the six-oared Union bought the next year), and so altered it managed to secure a second prize. The crew were H. P. Livermore, Henry C. Ahlborn, A. Whitman, D. W. Rogers, R. J. Bulger, and George Higginson, Jr. In the third regatta of the Association, on June 23d, 1856, Whitman distinguished himself again. He won the first prize for single sculls in that con- test with Robert F. Clark which, we have seen, ex- cited admiration because of the perfect match of the two competing boats. Nor was this the only respect in which they attracted attention. Light lap- 1 Rogers, p. 23. 38 THE UNION BOAT CLUB streaks, outrigged, and canvassed fore and aft, they were something quite new to Boston, the nearest approach to a shell which Boston had yet seen, for the Swordfisk, the first real shell of the Club, was not built by McKay till the following year. These two ' approaches ' to shells, which were much like the wherries of the present, had been built by Stephen Roberts of New York, who hoped that by introduc- ing them to Boston oarsmen he might have orders for more like them. Similar as they were, the boats differed in one respect, for ' to one,' as Mr. Rogers says, Stephen Roberts ' gave the name of himself, and to the other the more euphonious name of Fancy. 9 Roberts was not disappointed in his hopes; these boats, coming into favorable notice, thanks to the race between Clark and Whitman, gave con- siderable impetus to single sculling on the Charles and brought various orders to their builder. Among the early purchasers of a Roberts boat was Dr. Holmes ; and it was in a Roberts lapstreak that he enjoyed the rowing which inspired some charm- ing and well-known descriptive passages of the Autocrat. As a lover of the shining reaches of the river and of the more adventurous waters of the harbor, Dr. Holmes knew many Union Boat Club oarsmen, but he was never of the Club himself. To return to the regatta of the Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association, Whitman deserved the greater credit for winning his single-scull race, EARLY GROWTH 39 because he had previously, in the same regatta, pulled one of the four oars of the then newly ac- quired Ariadne in the contest for the gold medal of the Association. The other contestants were the six of the Volant Club, and fours from the smaller clubs. By swerving from her course through ' an unfortunate accident,' as the records say, 1 within two hundred feet of the judges' boat at the finish, the Ariadne lost the medal to the Volant crew, but coming only a few seconds behind, she gained the second prize. The following autumn the Volant crew retired from racing, and delivered the medal which they had won to the Association. The smaller clubs had but little racing enthusiasm, and so in the second year of its existence, the Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association broke up. The feeling of the Union Boat Club at the outset was justified that there was not sufficient amateur strength on the Charles to warrant such an organisation. The regattas already mentioned were not the only ones in which the Union Boat Club participated or took deep interest during its youthful years. In 1855 the City for the second time entrusted its Fourth of July regatta to the management of the Club, which again threw open its doors to visiting oarsmen. This was even a greater success than the first regatta. Boats came from the Provinces and from New York to compete on the Charles. It was 1 Records, July 1, 1856. 40 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the same story in the years that followed; the City for a long time continued to entrust the manage- ment of the Fourth of July races to the Club; the Club always took keen interest in them; and it always offered the hospitality of its house to visit- ing crews, as for that matter it does to-day. But after the first year, the Club seems to have partici- pated actively in these regattas only once before 1860 — that year in which the new English four- oar shell met with the accident to an outrigger in its race with Harvard. On the Fourth in '57, when nimble Ariadne was out speeding the thirty whale- boats in New Bedford Harbor — a graceful nymph, you might imagine her, fleeing from ungainly satyrs — that very day on the home waters, there was a single-scull race for youths under twenty, which was won by Henry Whitman, 1 brother of that good oar, Alfred Whitman, then down at New Bedford in the Ariadne. The course of the sculling race was about three miles ; there were five entries ; and the first prize, which Whitman won in the Twilight, was a silver medal. There are various other victories of the Club to chronicle. On the 22nd of June, 1859, W. H. Car- penter and Henry H. Brackett won the first prize in the double-scull race of the so-called Beacon re- gatta (an annual event for several years after 1 According to the records, Mr. Henry Whitman was not elected to the Club till July 15, 1858; but through his brother he was closely affiliated with the Club, and the silver medal, which he won in this race, has always been shown among the Club trophies. EARLY GROWTH 41 1857 1 ), and so brought home to the Club a pair of miniature silver oars and a miniature silver boat- hook. J. D. Parker, Jr., on May 11th, 1860, won the first single-scull prize, a silver goblet, in the Amateurs' regatta. In the same year, Melvin S. Smith won the first single-scull prize in a Charles- town regatta on June 18th; five days later in the Beacon regatta he won first again; and again, in the City regatta on the Fourth. Truly he was a strong oar for the Club. And the next year, 1861, Carpenter and Parker, in a two-mile double-scull race in the Fourth of July regatta, defeated Joshua Ward, champion single-sculler of America, and G. W. Shaw ; going over the course in twelve minutes, fifty-four and a half seconds — a time that remained the record for twenty-eight years. 2 It was so good that there were protests, needless to say unfounded, that the mile as measured was a short mile. Since all these last prizes were in money, there is nothing to show for them at the club-house. And now two races of these years still remain to be mentioned, which were among the most note- worthy of the time, and which testify to both the friendliness and the prowess of the Union Boat Club. One was a race between Harvard and Yale. The other was the first race for the so-called Beacon Cup. 1 There were Beacon Cup regattas in 1857, '58, '59, and '60, and again in '63 and '64. 2 They rowed in the double-scull shell, L'Hirondelle, built by Donahue of Newburgh, N. Y., for two friends of Parker. It was loaned for this race. 42 THE UNION BOAT CLUB It has already been said that the Union Boat Club, in its early days of friendship with the Har- vard oarsmen, got for them a four like the Ripple, that victorious Union boat of 1853, and that the Harvard four was oddly named the Y—Y. She was entered in the second race between Harvard and Yale, which was to be rowed at Springfield on the 21st of July, 1855; and the Harvard men, de- sirous both of showing friendship and of having friendly support, asked the whole Union Boat Club to be present in the triple capacity of guests, ad- visers, and assistants. The more active rowing men of the Club accepted the invitation with pleasure. Naturally their favorite was the Y— Y, the boat which they had procured for Harvard. Their sec- ond choice was the Iris, the Harvard eight. Accord- ing to the custom of heterogeneous entries of those days, Yale opposed to the Harvard eight and four two sixes, the Nereid and the Nautilus; and as the day of the race approached, there was the inevitable dispute as to what time allowance the largest boat should give the others. The decision was that the Iris should allow them eleven seconds for each oar by which she was superior. This and other matters finally arranged, the all-important day saw the four competing crews in readiness for the signal at the appointed hour. Then, as Mr. Rogers tells the tale, ' at the start Nereid of Yale took the lead and retained it for a little distance; but at the stake boat the Harvard boats were well ahead, and gained EARLY GROWTH 43 rapidly on the home stretch. The time of the Iris was 22W; of the Y-Y, corrected time, 22'03"; of the Nereid, corrected, 23'38"; of the Nautilus, cor- rected, 24'38". ' The result was distasteful to the Yale men, who claimed that their defeat was in a measure owing to the inferiority of their boats as compared with Harvard's. To test this opinion three of the Y-Y crew — John Erving, Langdon Erving, and A. E. R. Agassiz, 1 with three of the Union Boat Club, — W. D. W. Allan, Alfred Whitman, Jr., and Henry C. Ahlborn, manned the Nereid, working her with the Iris's oars, and went over the course against time. Though unpracticed together they pulled the Yale boat over the three miles in 21/45", or fifteen sec- onds less time than the winning eight-oared Iris had made the same distance, much to the discomfiture of Yale.' 2 The advice of the Union Boat Club to the Har- vard crews on this occasion had at least one singular result. Since no black lead was available as a lubri- cant for the bottoms of the boats, the Union men suggested using soap. In consequence, as the Har- vard boats forged ahead they threw off streak after streak of thick suds which remained visible as far as the eye could reach, much to the surprise of the spectators, who naturally wondered what had hap- pened to the water. 1 The fourth of the Y-Y crew was S. G. Perkins. 2 Rogers, p. 20. 44 THE UNION BOAT CLUB In recognition of services rendered to Harvard boating men on many occasions besides this, ' they were pleased later to tender the Club a banquet at the Parker House in Boston. And again, some two years later, in a note from the president of the Har- vard Huron Club, 1 thanking the Unions for extend- ing the use of their boat-house previous to a race with a crew on the river, occurs the following passage : ' " It is to your Club that we are indebted for the first quick boat we ever had — the Y-Y. She no longer floats; but while a fondness for quick boats exists in Cambridge, be assured we shall not forget our obligations to the club who first by its example induced us to discard our old barges. Permit me to offer my best wishes for the continued prosperity of the Nestor among boat clubs in Boston." ' 2 But the event on which the Club most prided itself in these years was its victory in the ' Beacon Regatta ' of June, 1857. When it became evident early in the spring that the six-oared Union, which had come up from St. John the previous fall, was a very quick boat, there was a natural desire among both Union and Harvard men to try her against the new Har- vard eight, which also had been built at St. John by Christopher Coyle, and had been sent up to Bos- ton just before the Union. All talk of a race be- 1 Then the principal rowing club at Harvard. 8 Rogers, pp. 21 and 22. EARLY GROWTH 45 tween the two came to nothing, however, till some gentlemen, mostly of Beacon Street, made up their minds to have it pulled off. They bought a silver cup for the prize, and intimated that they might offer a similar cup for competition annually. It was to be known as the Beacon Cup, and June 13th was the day chosen for the race. The Union crew at first had high hopes of victory, which suddenly fell, when their stroke found himself unexpectedly obliged to leave town only three days before the race. But the substitute stroke, Edmund S. Whitman, brother to those good oars, Alfred and Henry Whitman, proved equal to the emergency. He kept his crew so well together in the race that the result was never doubtful; and the Beacon Cup went to the Union Boat Club. The attention which the newspapers gave this first Beacon regatta proves it so important among the early races of Boston, that it is worth while to quote the very full story of the contest which appeared in the Boston Traveller of the next day : ' A few gentlemen of Boston, who think boat- ing a manly and healthful recreation, sub- scribed a hundred dollars a few weeks since to purchase a regatta cup, to be rowed for by the Charles River amateur clubs of Boston and Cambridge. The race was pulled on Saturday, the 13th instant, under the management of the subscribers' committee. ' Six boats had been entered, but the Oneida of Cambridge was unable to pull, on account of 46 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the illness of one of her crew, and five only con- tested the race. Cambridge sent three — the Harvard, Camilla and Sabrina. The Union and Urania are of Boston, the former club being about all that is left of the Charles River Ama- teur Boat Club Association. The victory of the Volant over the Huron, on the 16th of last month, had roused the spirit of Harvard Col- lege, unused to defeat, and her boating men were incited to more than ordinary effort to sustain their high reputation. The fame of Harvard, twice victorious over Yale, was not again to be trusted to a single club or class. The strength of the College was concentrated in its best boat — the " University Eight " — and the Harvard, with the best men the College could furnish, was entered to win the Beacon Cup. The contest was substantially between the Harvard and the Union. The Urania, Camilla and Sabrina clubs are comparatively young, and it should be stated in justice to them, that they pulled rather against each other than with any hope of the cup. ' The regulations of the regatta were pub- lished in Saturday's Traveller. The course was the usual three miles. The allowance of time, after much discussion, was finally settled at fifteen seconds per oar. The Harvard drew the outside berth, the Urania the next, the Sabrina No. 3, Union No. 4, and the Camilla the inside. We give below the crews of the two leading boats, their positions and weights : EARLY GROWTH 47 Union — Six Oars st. lb. Stroke E. S. Whitman 10 8 No. 5 Geo. W. Smalley . 10 8 No. 4 Nathaniel H. Bryant 9 7 No. 3 Albert G. Baxter, Jr 10 8 No. 2 Alfred Whitman, Jr 12 2 No. 1 A. Webster, Jr 8 8 Average weight, 10 st. 5 lbs. Harvard — Eight Oars st. lb. Stroke B. W. Crowninshield 10 10 No. 7 Wm. H. Elliot 10 12 No. 6 T. D. Hodges 11 6 No. 5 James H. Ellison 10 10 No. 4 William F. Lee 12 10 No. 3 S. B. Parkman 10 10 No. 2 Wm. G. Goldsmith 9 12 No. 1 A. E. R. Agassiz 9 9 Average weight, 10 st. 11% lbs. ' The crew of the Urania, six oars, was as follows : Stroke — C. E. Livermore, T. B. Wales, Jr., C. E. Parker, J. T. Heard, Jr., W. Mer- riam, J. H. Wales. The Urania and Sabrina carried a coxswain — the other boats none. The judges were C. F. Shimmin, Wm. C. Otis, G. T. W. Braman and R. F. Clark. 6 The boats came to the line a few minutes before 4 o'clock, and were started at 4 h. 1 m. 48 sec. The Harvard led almost instantly in splen- did style. Twenty strokes carried her ahead of everything, fifty gave her a lead of a clean length, and so rapidly did she leave her rivals 48 THE UNION BOAT CLUB that the race seemed half won at the start. The six-oared boats clung together, the Urania leading slightly, the Camilla next, while the Union and Sabrina had managed to lock oars, and were farthest astern. Ten or fifteen sec- onds were lost to the Union by this accident, which was owing to her being too near the Sabrina on the line. Before long, however, hav- ing cleared herself from her neighbor's oars, the Union began to shove steadily out from among the six oars, and started on what looked like a hopeless contest with the Harvard. The latter had made the most of her advantages, was half a dozen lengths ahead, and her crew were pulling capitally. On the up stretch there was little change in the relative positions of the leading boats. The Harvard went round the stake twenty-seven seconds in advance, making a good turn and doing her work well. But the Unions turned still better, having a shorter boat, gained two or three seconds there, and now, after they were fairly round, began to over- haul the Harvard steadily and surely. ' By the time the upper breakwater was passed, it was plain that the Harvard could not save her allowance, and very soon it grew doubtful whether she could even keep the lead to the judges' line. When the boats came once more in sight of the mass of spectators on the mill-dam it was all over with the Harvard, so far as winning the race was concerned. The struggle then was for the lead, and the finish of the race became most exciting and beautiful. Though pulling six oars against eight, the Union did not cease to gain on the Harvard, and it was at one time thought would pass her. EARLY GROWTH 49 They finally crossed the line so nearly even that only a half second's difference in time could be noted. As the Union was entitled to thirty seconds allowance for difference in number of oars, she had of course 29% seconds to spare. The Harvard came in at 4 h. 22 m. 8% sec - ? the Union at 4 h. 22 m. 9 sec. The contest between the Urania and Camilla was an obstinate one, the former leading by 17 seconds. The time is as follows : Harvard, 20 m. 20% sec « Union, 20 m. 21 sec. Urania, 22 m. Camilla, 22 m. 17 sec. Sabrina, 22 m. 24 sec. ' Deducting the allowance, the Union was the winner by 29% seconds. The weather was un- favorable. A strong S.W. wind was blowing, and there was an ugly chop sea, which seriously interfered with the rowing. In spite of these disadvantages the time of the Union is very much better than had been made by any ama- teur six-oar. The Urania has the honor of having beaten both the Cambridge six oars. * The defeat of the Harvard was a great dis- appointment to her friends, who placed the ut- most reliance on her well known speed and the merits of her crew. She was pulled handsomely and well, and her time is good. ' The style of all the crews shows marked improvement in the standard of amateur pull- ing, and of the two leading boats in particular, the finish and precision of stroke was univer- sally observed. It is to be noted, also, that 50 THE UNION BOAT CLUB neither of them varied in quickness of stroke from the beginning to the end of the race. The Union's was forty-four to the minute, by actual count. ' The cup was presented by Mr. C. F. Shim- min to the Union in the following capital speech : 6 " It becomes my agreeable duty, gentlemen, to present to you the Beacon Cup for 1857, as victors in the well contested race delighted thou- sands have just witnessed. Your laurels have been hardly but honorably won, and to you, therefore, be the guerdon of victory. Forgive me, gentlemen, one and all, if I address you a few brief words of soberness, which hardly seem to tally with so festive an occasion. The Bea- con Cup, I trust, has now become an annual institution, and the subscribers to it expect of you, gentlemen, ever scrupulously to maintain the true and legitimate tone of boating, and to make it a point of honor that in your hands at least it shall never degenerate into a mere ex- cuse for idleness or dissipation. Let manly emulation, free from envy and detraction, ever flourish side by side with all the kindly ties of good fellowship and Christian brotherhood, and your consistent action prove that the noble art we all love so well is a powerful hygiene alike to the mind as to the body. 6 " Gentlemen, I have done, and bid you God- speed, in the words which form the motto of our cup : Made Virtute — go on and prosper." * Mr. Webster, in reply, expressed the pleas- ure felt by the Club in receiving it, and its ap- preciation of the liberality and kindly spirit of the donors. 6 The regatta was well managed throughout, THE BEACON CUP THE BEACON CUP EARLY GROWTH 51 and was a complete success. As usual, specta- tors thronged to the course by the thousand, lining the Milldam and covering the waters. It is understood that a cup is to be offered an- nually for competition, with the same name, and under the patronage of the same gentlemen, to whom the Clubs and the public generally are indebted for Saturday's regatta. The cup for 1857 is of extremely beautiful and appropriate design, costing $100. Valuable and beautiful as it is, its worth to the victors and the honor of their triumph are greatly enhanced by the character of the gentlemen who subscribed for it, and the motives which caused it to be offered. It is the best encouragement which has been given to the best of our manly exercises.' The two photographs opposite this page, one of the front and the other of the back of the Beacon Cup, will enable the reader to see just how beautiful and appropriate the design was. Other races of these early years were compara- tively unimportant; those mentioned are enough to show the progress of the Club in the first decade of its existence. However unskilful its watermanship for two summers, with no navy but its clumsy, gaudy gig, in the third summer there was a change. Thanks to new men, and through them to new boats, there came the victories of the Ripple, invitations to man- age the City regattas on the Fourth of July, invita- tions likewise to New Bedford and to the Harvard- Yale regattas of '55 and '60, an important part in the formation of the Charles River Amateur Boat 52 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Club Association, and victories from the Beacon Cup race in '57 to that in which Carpenter and Parker in '61 defeated Ward, champion single-sculler of America, and Shaw. And all the while, the Union Boat Club was interested in forwarding new ideas about rowing and in assisting new clubs. Its first ten years were years of good healthy growth. The first year of its second decade saw the greatest and most rapid growth of all, for in February, 1861, the Union Boat Club took in thirteen new members. They were men of the Shawmut — also called Twi- light — Rowing Club, an energetic association two years old, which had decided either to enlarge its membership or affiliate with some other club. The addition of thirteen was a good deal for a club which had previously numbered only seventeen. Now with its membership of thirty, most of them energetic rowing men, the Union Boat Club had every reason to anticipate the best season in its history. ill/. :/f nrl - T>H foil DESCRIPTION OF PRIZES Centre, Beacon Cup First prize, won at the first Beacon Regatta, June 13, 1857, by Union, six oar. Goblet on the Right First Sculler's prize, won by W. D. W. Allan, City Regatta, July 4, 1854. Goblet on the Left First Sculler's prize, won by J. D. Parker, Jr., Amateurs' Regatta, May 11, 1860. Goblet in Centre Second prize, won at the third Regatta of the Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association, June 23, 1856, by Ariadne, four oar. Pitcher on Left of Group First prize, won at the New Bedford City Regatta, July 4, 1857, by Ariadne, four oar. Second Pitcher on Left First prize, won at the Regatta at Hull, September 13, 1853, by Ripple, four oar. Pitcher on Right of Group Second prize, won at the second Regatta of the Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association, October 27, 1855, by Union, six oar. Second Pitcher on Right First Sculler's prize, won at the Regatta of the Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association, June 23, 1856, by Alfred Whitman. Silver Oars and Boat Hook First prize, won by W. H. Carpenter and Henry H. Brackett, at the Beacon Regatta, June 22, 1859, double scull race. Silver Medal in Front First Sculler's prize, won by Henry Whitman at Amateurs' Regatta, July 4, 1857. Tiller Ropes Second prize, 1 won at the Regatta at Hull, September 13, 1853, by Wave, four oar. » Cf. note, p. 16. EARLY PRIZES Ill SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS \ NY club, in order to be loved by its members, ■**• must do more than make a creditable showing to the outside world. It must also make its individu- ality felt at home, for it is individuality that wins and holds affection. Fortunately, in the case of the Union Boat Club, individuality became marked almost as soon as prominence in rowing; the fifties saw the establishment of several peculiar customs of the kind from which the individuality of a club is made. By degrees these old customs have all passed, as they needs must because of the changes in population and social conditions in eastern Massachusetts; but luckily new ones have been established in their place. And so the Union Boat Club is still a markedly indi- vidual organisation. So much the better ! But though we have customs of our own now, we cannot help wishing that it had been possible to keep some of a simpler day. The first of the old institutions or customs to be well recognised was that of inaugurating the row- ing season on Fast Day. Now the day itself has passed, as well as the custom, and so quickly do the years go by that perhaps already the name 53 54 THE UNION BOAT CLUB needs explanation. Fast Day, then, was a day ap- pointed from Puritan times x by annual proclamation of the Governor of the Commonwealth for ' fasting, humiliation, and prayer.' In the nineteenth century it was usually set on the Thursday after the first Wednesday in April, just as Thanksgiving, after various changes of date, came to be set on the last Thursday in November. With the lapse of time, the original purpose of Fast Day was for the most part forgotten. It was celebrated by the opening of the baseball season and by excursions into the country to find places for spending the summer ; and all the 1 An annual spring Fast Day in Massachusetts dates as far back as 1694. At least there is record of the Governor's proclaiming a general fast that year for the 19th of April, and with few exceptions a spring Fast Day was proclaimed every subsequent year for two cen- turies. Previously fast days had been common in all the New Eng- land colonies, but they did not occur at regular periods, and some- times they were appointed only for particular towns or churches instead of for the whole colony. In Connecticut the custom of an annual Fast Day seems to have been established before it was in Massachusetts. It seems also to have existed in Plymouth when that was still an independent colony. The archives in the Massachusetts State House show that the date of the Massachusetts Fast Day varied in the early 18th century from February to the end of June, but it was generally on a Thursday. The tendency slowly grew to appoint it in April, and after 1797, when it came on May 4th, it was appointed for April as long as it lasted, except in 1839, when it came on March 28th. During all these years, moreover, with less than twenty exceptions, the Gover- nor set it on the Thursday after the first Wednesday in April. Two or three times early in the 19th century, it was set on Thursday, April 1st, and several times on a later Thursday, as in 1857 on April 16th — its latest date in the 19th century. In 1876, '77, and '78, it was appointed for the 13th, 12th, and 11th of April, respectively. In later as in most earlier years, it came never before the 2d or after the 8th of April. SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS 55 theatres had extra matinee performances. Then at last, in 1894, 1 when it had become entirely a sham, Fast Day was abolished; and by way of compensa- tion another day in April was made a legal holiday, the nineteenth, the anniversary of Lexington and Concord, and named Patriots' Day. It was in 1855 that the Union Boat Club for the first time 2 made Fast Day anything but the sort of holiday that His Excellency, the Governor, called for in his proclamation. On that appointed day, in the forenoon, there sallied forth from the Club House the majority of its members for a row up the river. Whether they prayed for the welfare of the Club is not recorded; they may have done so. But we can be pretty sure that since the day was fine and bracing and the men were young and strong, they were far from having humble hearts or fasting stomachs. And so after a pull sufficient to whet their appetites, they repaired for a bountiful repast to Watkins' Hotel on the mill-dam, where we have seen the Club supping after the victories of the Ripple and the Wave at Hull, and whither they often resorted. Its excellent ale made it a favorite resort for tired oarsmen, and, as Mr. Rogers says with an unusual flash of humor, somehow ' they were always tired when in this vicinity.' 1 Governor Greenhalge signed the act abolishing Fast Day on March 16th. It was to take immediate effect. 2 At least there is no mention of an earlier Fast Day excursion in Mr. Rogers's History of the Club. The records make no mention of it even in '55. 56 THE UNION BOAT CLUB This method of celebrating Fast Day proved so agreeable, that the only departure from it which the Club made the next year was to dine farther up- stream, at the Charles River Hotel in Brighton. In '57 the Fast Day dinner was at the same place again, but it was not the only celebration of the day. Before going there, the Club, at the invitation of Lieutenant Harris, U.S.N., visited the U. S. frigate, Merrimac, at the Charlestown Navy Yard, the same that in '62 was made over into a Con- federate ram. She was now, in '57, just back from a cruise to the West Indies. The reception which Lieutenant Harris arranged for the Club was ' a splendid one in every sense ' and ' was gratefully acknowledged by speech and song.' * And all this in the forenoon! The success of these first three Fast Day excur- sions was enough to fix the custom of officially open- ing the rowing season on that day. Sometimes nearly all the Club took part in the excursion, but naturally the numbers varied according to the weather. When the Club boats were not enough for all who wished to go along, others were hired from Mr. Braman. The later excursions appear not to have differed essentially from those three already mentioned. There was always a good row in the morning, followed by a good dinner at some hotel easily accessible to oarsmen. This habit of making Fast Day a Club feast-day 1 Rogers, 1857. SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS 57 lasted till the nineties, with City Point, South Bos- ton, in later years, rather than Brighton, as the objective point. In the course of time, enthusiasm for the celebration of the day somewhat waned, partly because the hotels most conveniently situated ceased to exist, partly because the great increase in the number of members made concerted Club action less and less possible. Finally, whatever chance there was of keeping the institution alive ceased when Fast Day itself was abolished. Though many oars- men would venture out in March, still they would not do so in such numbers as to make an official opening of the rowing season the first week in April a work of supererogation. But with the usual ad- vance of spring, rowing in the second and third weeks of April is so general that to have an official opening of the season on Patriots' Day, the holiday which has replaced Fast Day, would seem absurdly superfluous. And so the attempt which was made for two years to turn the Fast Day excursion into a Patriots' Day excursion did not succeed. 1 A later custom to establish itself, though never so firmly as the Fast Day row, was that of a similar row, when the tide was right, on some brilliant moon- light evening in the fall. For this ladies were some- times invited, and so it came to be recognised as one of the few opportunities which the members of the Club had to show themselves officially good ladies' men. The custom was continued into the eighties. 1 See Ch. VI. 58 THE UNION BOAT CLUB A more important early institution of the Club, which lasted for some time, was the Annisquam En- campment. This began in 1853 with the excursion of about half the members of the Club, whose number then did not exceed twelve, to the Annisquam River near Gloucester. There on Rust's Island they pitched two tents — one for sleeping and one for cooking and eating — and there they stayed for several days. Sea-bathing, good fishing, the beauty of the salt river, glorious views from its bordering hills of ocean and coast, and last but not least, accessibility to a good dairy — all these made the sojourn so delightful that the encampment became an annual institution. The two tents gave way in time to two wooden cabins standing close together, not architecturally beautiful nor so picturesque as the tents, but more comfortable. And from these on their grassy and rocky promontory jutting into the blue river, with a point of yellow sand — excellent for bathing — just across the stream, the national flag and the Union Boat Club flag flew for at least a week every season for more than a dozen years. 1 The log which Mr. Rogers compiled of the en- campment of 1857 no doubt gives a history char- acteristic of most ' Squam Encampments,' as these outings were called. In that year, the four-oar 1 Mr. Rogers in his history says twenty years, but logged accounts of visits to the camp in the late sixties speak as if the encampment had been for some time a thing of the past. SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS 59 Undine 1 and her tender Nick Bottom were shipped to Gloucester on a schooner on the 14th of July. Thither Livermore, Webster, and Rogers followed by train on the 20th to make preliminary ar- rangements, such as launching the boats and get- ting food and other necessaries for the camp. The next day, Dingley, Baxter, and Hunkins arrived from Boston by the Eastern Railroad; and then, with all possible despatch, the six good and faith- ful members of the Union Boat Club embarked for the site of the camp, where they were established before supper. ' Madam ' Day, as in former years, proved most accommodating in supplying butter, milk, and eggs fresh from her farm on the nearest island. The campers themselves, when their luck was good, provided plenty of fish. The camp broke up on July 29th, on which day the campers in a body ceremoniously presented a silver butter-knife to ' Madam ' Day as a farewell token of their esteem. Mr. Rogers has written at great length of the happenings of the glad week of the camp, but after all, they were not remarkable. To be sure, rain came at inopportune times, once falling in torrents the day long accompanied by a fierce southeaster. That was when a small lime schooner lost her * radder,' according to local pro- nunciation, and so went ashore — a * wrack ' of great interest to the Squam postmaster — and the life- 1 I have been unable to find mention of this boat in the records. She may have been hired from Mr. Braman. 60 THE UNION BOAT CLUB savers had to take off her crew, consisting of only a man and a boy. But the other incidents of those happy days, except once a fight with bees, were quite ordinary — eating (too much for the stomach of one man), drinking, swimming, fishing, and the like; and of course much chaffing after the manner of healthy men together on a holiday — all interesting in mem- ory to the participants, but to no one else, unless related by a Fielding or a Thackeray, or one with their power to transfigure the commonplace. Meanwhile the headquarters of the Club were still at Braman's. In the first year, we have seen that it had only one room there, which it hired for $40, and this the Club fitted up as follows, according to official report : — ' The committee appointed to furnish the room having attended to their duties, made the following report : they have purchased 6 Chairs, @ 48^, 2.88; 1 table, 1.75; 1 Looking Glass, 2.25; 1 Lock, with 13 keys, 2.17; 1 Lantern, 63^; y 2 lb. Nails, 5^; 1 Solar Lamp, 2.25; Oil Can and Oil, 1.07 ; 5 Window Shades, 5.00; Cord, 8^; pail, broom, & spittoons, 1.12; Boat- hook, 87^ ; 1 Commode, 1.25 ; Record Book & Inkstand, 1.25; Rack for Oars, 50^, making a total of $23.12, and the assessment of each member @ 2.10.' Subsequently the members of the Club paid $12 more for building steps on the outside of the room, which enabled them to enter it with more ease and privacy than by the main door of the Bath Building. SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS 61 The next year, the Club succeeded in hiring a boat-house of Mr. Braman for only $25. In '53 it paid again $40 a year, but it was now in a larger boat-house. This proved not large enough, however, and so in addition the Club hired an adjoining room for $10. Mr. Rogers says that these quarters, their furnishings, and also the boat Wave, were all bought at the same time from a disbanding rowing organisa- tion; but there is no mention of this in the records. Anyway, the new quarters — even with the additional room — were not large enough, for in August, at a further expense of $20 a year — making a rent of $70 in all — the Club hired still another room to accommodate the new Ripple, soon to become famous in the Hull regatta. These quarters the Club kept till '56. Then be- cause of filling in part of the river to make new land, Mr. Braman had to move his Baths upstream from their position near the present Brimmer Street to one nearer Beaver Street. There he built a house especially for the Union Boat Club, which he leased to it at the same rent as before. A year later there is official record of a new carpet for the new house and of renovation of furniture; and then, for the first time, of the use of the rooms in the winter for 1 gymnastic exercises,' which Mr. Rogers speaks of some time earlier, that is, in '53. * But the Club con- tinued to outgrow its quarters ; and so in the spring of '59, it was found necessary to hire additional 1 See Ch. II, p. 22. 62 THE UNION BOAT CLUB accommodations from Mr. Braman for boats and dressing-rooms, at $50 a year. These sufficed for some time. All the while, in accordance with a principle early established, the members of the Club themselves gen- erally cared for the rooms. It had been voted at one of the first meetings that each week some mem- ber should be appointed to take care of the single room that then made up the Club quarters. Pres- ently a system of regular rotation was devised for sharing the duties of care-taker. As is only natural, there was a little friction sometimes in regard to these duties, for not all the members could have the same idea of them; and even if they had had, they would not have been equally conscientious in performing them. Consequently, it was deemed necessary in '54 to give the secretary supervision over the care-taker, with the right of fining him, if he did not do his work properly. Rogers, who was then secretary and as always a good deal of a dis- ciplinarian, imposed a fine on Alfred Whitman, who appealed, declaring that Rogers's action had been arbitrary. 1 The Club sustained Whitman, and Rogers, apparently in a huff, resigned his office. Fortunately both were too loyal members to allow the affair to turn into a quarrel; and so the only result of the misunderstanding was that the Club voted the next year 2 to hire ' a person,' sex not specified, at fifty cents a week to clean the rooms 1 June 6, 1854. 2 April 3. SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS 63 every Saturday. There was another vote to the same effect in June, '57. But no name of the ' person ' is recorded; and the year following, the Club re- verted to the old plan of each member's being care-taker of the room one week, as his turn came round. Though in this respect the Club was as primitive on the eve of the Civil War as it had been ten years previously, in its constitution it had progressed far from that of 1851 towards that of the present. The first constitution * ( adopted on the founda- tion of the Club), whose few simple provisions we have already noticed, 2 said nothing about the num- ber of members or the payment by new members of an initiation fee. Consequently, as early as the 30th of the following July, articles were added, limiting the number of members to twelve and fixing an initiation fee of $5. Ever since there has been some initiation fee and a fixed limit of membership. In 1853 a new constitution was drawn up, which on May 21st received the unanimous approval of the Club. The principal changes were that the three officers should be chosen for fixed terms — that is, monthly; the Treasurer's correct account of the financial affairs of the Club should be open at any time to the inspection of members, as it has been ever since; the membership should be limited to eight ; and the initiation fee should be raised to $10. Rules for the use of ' the Boat,' instead of being 1 See Appendix A. 2 Ch. I, pp. 1 and 2. 64 THE UNION BOAT CLUB included in the constitution, now formed an inde- pendent set of ' Regulations ' of seven articles. A thorough-going revision of the constitution was approved at the meeting of April 1st, 1857. Simple article I, ' This Club shall be denominated the " Union Boat Club " ' was now enlarged into a preamble man- ifestly inspired by that of the Constitution of the United States: ■» ' We whose names are hereunto subscribed having associated ourselves in order to attain all the advantages which boating can afford, and desiring to establish for ourselves and our successors a suitable form of Government, are organised under the name of the Union Boat Club, and hereby agree upon and enact the fol- lowing Constitution.' * The chief officer was now designated ' President, who shall also act as Treasurer,' instead of Treas- urer, as heretofore. An Assistant Coxswain was added to the other officers, his duty to take charge of the boats in the absence of the Coxswain. This was a step towards the Lieutenants of the present day. Additional duties were prescribed for the Sec- retary, as giving notice of monthly meetings, and keeping an account of all races in which the Club was concerned. Constitutional notice was taken of the change from weekly to monthly meetings that had been effected in 1854. New members, who as 1 The Club records of April, 1857. SOME OLD CLUB CUSTOMS 65 heretofore were elected at meetings of the whole Club, had now to receive a unanimous vote instead of only a majority. Nothing was said about forfeiture of membership. The omission of such a provision called for the next change in the constitution. In December, 1859, it was voted that whoever had not paid his dues a month after notification of them should forfeit mem- bership. In the first constitution, the time had been a fortnight. Since 1859, it has been still further extended. Then in March, 1860, came a considerable remodel- ling. The title of the Coxswain was changed to Captain, which it has been ever since. Instead of one assistant he now had two, each called, as to-day, a Lieutenant. And the Captain and Lieutenants formed virtually, as they do to-day officially, a House Committee. In February of the next year, changes were made in this constitution, which was cut down from fifteen articles to thirteen. Thus made over, it was adopted by the Club as a new constitution, its fourth. For some reason there was a return to providing only one assistant for the Captain, the Lieutenant, whose work combined that of the two former Lieutenants. Here was a step backwards. But in establishing a Board of Directors, made up of the President (who remained still the Treasurer), Captain, Lieu- tenant, Secretary, and two other members, there was an approach to the Executive Committee of to- 66 THE UNION BOAT CLUB day. And though monthly meetings were still pre- scribed, elections of officers were to take place only twice a year, in January and July. 1 It was at the time of the adoption of this new constitution that the Shawmut Boat Club joined the Union, thereby increasing the membership of the latter, as we have seen, from seventeen to thirty. In view of the greater accommodations needed, Mr. Br am an was persuaded to build an addition to the Union Boat House; and there was talk of further enlarging the Club quarters by obtaining the ad- jacent ' Printers ' house, but apparently this could not be got. There was also enlargement of the Club navy in the shape of a six-oared lapstreak, ordered in March of Coyle, the skilled boat-builder of St. John. A good crew was guaranteed to man her, and much was hoped of her. Altogether the Union Boat Club was justified in its high expecta- tions of a good rowing season in the summer of 1861, and of continued prosperity. It had a larger membership than ever before, a better navy, a new constitution, and already, despite its youth, some well-established customs of the kind that give a club individuality and hold its members loyal. 1 Vacancies might be filled at any regular meeting. IV THE WAR THE hopes of the Club for 1861 were to be dis- appointed. April brought the attack on Fort Sumter, and men throughout the country were volun- teering for the army. In the Union Boat Club there was much talk of enlisting, with consequent uncer- tainty as to the immediate future; and in point of fact during the first two years of the War a third of the members did enlist. 1 Even so, there was no time in these two years when there were not more men rowing in the Union than there had been before it absorbed the Shawmut Club. In '61 the Club boats, according to the log-book, were rowed more miles than in any earlier season, — 4420 as opposed to 3917 miles for 1860, the best previous record. 2 The gloom of the War, however, was settling down 1 Mr. Rogers has named twelve who went into the army, but among these is Major H. L. Higginson, not then a member of the Club, for he had resigned from it in 1857. 2 I give these figures as they are stated on page 8 of the Club Book for 1868, which gives the number of miles pulled by Club boats each year since 1856. Naturally, as men sometimes forget to log their pulls, 'the number of miles logged is less than the number of miles the boats were actually pulled.' The note says 'the logs previous to 1857 cannot be found.' At present, in 1910, many of those that existed in '68 have been lost. At least, previous to 1868, I can find only the logs for '59 and part of '60. 67 68 THE UNION BOAT CLUB over the land thicker and thicker. For this reason, probably, there was not an interest in racing pro- portionate to that in rowing. Nor was the interest in rowing to be maintained as the War went on. It steadily decreased until 1864, which, with only 245 miles logged, was the record year for indifference to rowing. Yet during the first year and a half of the con- flict, interest in racing still found some chances to show itself. Ten good oarsmen remained in the Club in the summer of '62, enough to make up a four and a six, both of which were entered in the Fourth of July regatta. For the four-oar race, naturally, the English shell bought in 1860 was selected. Again she had bad luck. It was no floating buoy this time that damaged her, as in her race against Harvard two years before, or sunken tree, as in the Yale race on Lake Quinsigamond ; but when she was well in the lead, along came a violent squall with rain, that nearly swamped her; and a heavier boat which shipped less water came in ahead. It was all that the crew of the four could do to keep afloat to their landing. The six-oar Union later in the day was more for- tunate. In the race for which she was entered, her crew kept the lead in good form from start to finish, and so brought to the treasury of the Club as first prize one hundred and seventy-five dollars in gold — all the more acceptable because of the premium which gold then commanded. THE WAR 69 Two months after this race, the bow-oar, J. P. Lovejoy, enlisted, and so there was another good rowing man gone. The few able oarsmen who were left seemed to have lost their energy. Then followed a period when the Club did little more than keep itself alive. For the last three years of the War, there is not one interesting rowing event to chronicle. Naturally there could be but little enthusiasm for boating. Though Alfred Whitman moved in April, '63, that 6 two crews be selected from the married men of the Club, and two others from the single men, to contend for superiority in four-oared boats early in June,' no one seconded the motion. When Henry Whitman later that same year 1 suggested a vigorous campaign for new members, the opinion of the Club was that since there was so little interest in row- ing it would be better to remain quiet and dispose of some superfluous boats. At the same meeting the Captain said that no crew could be got together for the regatta of the Seventeenth of June. There was still some rowing for exercise, to be sure, and still interest in excursions. The Squam Encampment was still an annual institution. But in general, indifference to Club matters prevailed. The thoughts of the men at home were more on the Mississippi and the Potomac than on the Charles. At a Club meeting of July 17th, 1861, while a com- mittee was out nominating officers for the coming half-year, the Club voted that the President should 1 May 6. 70 THE UNION BOAT CLUB read aloud the latest war news in the Traveller. At the meeting of November 6th of the same year, the President presented to the Club from H. H. Brackett, then in the army, a * truly magnificent pipe,' which ' was filled, lighted, and passed from mouth to mouth until twenty-one dear friends of the donor had taken his puff and passed it on ' ; and which was duly acknowledged in a fervid letter of thanks written the next day by a committee of three appointed for the purpose. 1 In '63 the Club voted, with the intent of honoring their brothers under arms, to have their Fast Day celebration not on the State Fast Day, but on April 30th, the national Fast Day. And in resolutions passed in October, 1862, relieving all members of the Club who had en- listed or might enlist from their share of the main- tenance of the Club so long as they were in the army, the members in Boston declared, ' our hearts are with ' those at the front, and ' we wish them all " God speed " and a safe return.' The years of the War, though, were not entirely without progress for the Club. Its first eight, a barge forty-five feet long, was ordered early in '64 of Messrs. Darling of New York, to be ready by the end of May. At the same time, the Club quarters were changed considerably. The house built by Mr. Braman in '56 was apparently still used, having been enlarged in '61. But by '64, Mr. Braman had filled in so much of the flats in order to make new land 1 Club Records, November 6 and December 4, 1861. THE WAR 71 that the Union boat-house stood high and dry, separated from the river by an uncomfortable carry. Accordingly, after being in treaty with Mr. Braman no less than three months, the Club got the newest part of its old house moved over the interven- ing new land to the water's edge, and placed next to the house which the Beacon Rowing Club had formerly occupied. There the Union boat-house was raised and a new ground floor was built under it, including a store-room for boats and a bath-room. When Mr. Braman announced in May that it would be four months before water and gas could be put in, the Club voted to take the matter out of his hands, adjusting expenses with him later, and to have water and gas put in immediately, and the stone wall in front of the house repaired. And so the Club was housed now in two buildings which Mr. L. S. King has described from memory as fol- lows : * ' The one to the North was the largest and was known as the Club-House. The one to the south was called the Beacon House, because formerly occupied by the New Beacon Club. The length of the build- ings was from west to east. There were two rafts and runs. In the Union House on the north side was the bath-room — its equipment one bath-tub ; and there were lockers on the south side of the narrow room; upstairs was the club-room, with covered lockers round the sides which were used for seats. The pictures of the London Rowing Club, the Union i Sketch of the Club, 1865-1870. 72 THE UNION BOAT CLUB shell four and boat, Clasper, the English sculler, Melvin Smith, our champion, and one or two smaller pictures hung on the walls. On the lower floor . . . the boats were housed on racks similar to those of to-day. 6 In the Beacon House, the second floor was a room with a few chairs. It was but little used except for sparring bouts. This and the club-room in the Union House were at the west end of the houses overlooking the river. ' Both houses were in rather a dilapidated con- dition, and constant repairs were needed to keep them habitable. One stove in the club-room was the extent of the heating facilities, and after rowing ceased in the fall, the buildings saw little of the members until the ice went out of the river, although the attendance at the monthly meetings was fairly good, taking into consideration the membership at this time.' TRANSFORMATION T I iHUS housed roughly, though better than it had ■*■ ever been before, the Club was ready for its new growth, which began directly the War ended, and has never ceased since. It was so rapid in the years from '65 to '70, that by the end of that time, the Club had become the same sort of organisation which it is to-day. The change from its early conditions — at first gradual evolution that was arrested by the War, and after that quick transformation — was virtually completed. The growth of the later sixties that was so to transform the Union Boat Club, showed itself first early in 1865. Peace was already in sight. It was evident that within a few months the North could be- gin to settle down to its old ways, at least so far as it ever could. In point of fact, the tumultuous excitement and the magnitude of the conflict had banished the quiet simplicity of the old American life forever; but no one realised that then. Accord- ingly at the first Club meeting of '65, which was held on the 11th of February, the President, Mr. Rogers, addressed the eleven members present on the necessity of taking immediate action to bring new and 73 74 THE UNION BOAT CLUB energetic young men into the Club. The appeal bore immediate fruit. Before midsummer fourteen new members had entered; and since there were only three resignations, this meant a net gain of eleven. Before the end of the year, this was increased by two more entries. The new men proved as active, too, as had been hoped. The rowing done by Club members this year exceeded that of the gloomy War year of '64, with its meagre two hundred and forty- five miles, by over eleven hundred. This, too, was without the stimulus of competitive rowing; for, for some reason, there was little racing this year. The Club members went out almost entirely in the barge and the six, and four-oared lapstreaks. The days of peaceful, companionable exercise had come again to the Charles River. For information about the Club boats at this time, as about the houses, we are indebted to the account of Mr. King. There were in '65 two four-oar ma- hogany racing shells, which had been built by Clasper in England. Then there were a six-oared lapstreak, Evadne, and a four-oared lapstreak, Ariadne, each painted yellow, equipped with outriggers, and steered by wires from the bow oar's seat. Besides, there were a double-scull, whose name has been forgotten, and four lapstreak wherries, Mascallonge, Twilight, Zouave, and Coquette, all built by Darling of New York — the two former steady and rather heavy, the other two, as befitted their names, lighter and more cranky. They further suited their names in TRANSFORMATION 75 that, whereas the Mascallonge and the Twilight were painted soberly, the dashing Zouave, unsteadiest of the four, had a stripe of bright red across his black uniform, and the Coquette, prettiest of the four, was gay in green with a gold stripe. There was also the Toothpick, a black single shell in its last stages of usefulness if not past them. And most important of all, both in size and in the regard of the Club, was the barge Union, i a fine long boat pulling eight oars, with mahogany grating on bottom and a semi- circular seat in the stern capable of seating eight or more passengers, with a scroll back for the cox- swain's seat. Cushions for the seats, crimson tiller ropes, the Club ensign at the stem and the national colors at the stern made up her equipment. There were extra seats in the bow.' * The Union was painted white with blue stripes, the Club colors. It was in this unique craft that the Club made most of their so-called ' excursions.' Probably no other boat has given so many pleasant hours to the men of the Club. In the years immediately following, new boats of superior pattern and speed were added frequently ; and before long the Union Boat Club was rec- ognised as an organisation highly desirable to belong to. Though not every young gentleman in Boston who could row might make up his mind to join it, probably there was no young gentleman in Boston who could row who did not at least consider 1 L. S. King, p. 3. 76 THE UNION BOAT CLUB joining it. The names on the Club list are mostly those of the best families in eastern Massachusetts. Such was the demand for admission that the Club, which at the beginning of 1861 had numbered only seventeen members, found itself deciding in June, 1867, that it was inadvisable to increase the active membership beyond sixty ' by the admission of any who have never been members of the Club.' A year later this vote was rescinded; and two years later, that is, in '69, it was voted to make the number of active members one hundred. With the adoption of a new constitution in 1870, the limit was fixed at one hundred and fifty. Thus within nine years the mem- bership grew from seventeen — a number sugges- tive of some petty club in a village — to a possible hundred and fifty — a number of relatively more importance in the Boston of 1870 than the present number of active members, three hundred, in the Boston of to-day. During this rapid growth, probably no event stirred the Club so much as Mr. Rogers's resigna- tion of the presidency at the first meeting of 1866. He had held the office for ten years ; previously he had been Secretary from time to time; he was the founder of the Club, and always a loyal member. For these reasons, though he had occasionally of- fended some of his fellows by an inclination to wield autocratic power, no man in the Club was more highly esteemed. Accordingly, as the Secretary of the time says, when his resignation was read, ' the TRANSFORMATION 77 meeting was at once virtually resolved into a pro- testing committee of the whole.' Since it appeared that Mr. Rogers found the burden of office too heavy, it was voted to relieve him by separating the management of the finances from his other duties, thus creating for the first time the office of a Club Treasurer, distinct from that of President. With this relief, Mr. Rogers was persuaded to remain in office. But in the summer of 1868 he tendered his resignation again, this time irrevocably, despite the regret of all the members, who voted the thanks of the Club to him for the able manner in which he had administered the offices he had held. Now made an honorary member, Mr. Rogers remained till his death devoted to the memory of the earlier days of the Boat Club, which more than any other one man he kept alive for the first few years of its existence. He was a good example of the old New England simplicity, something of which still characterises the Club — a little narrow, to be sure, but determined and energetic and clean. New England, like all America, has broadened much by its growing knowledge of the world in late years, but it has lost some good things that went with its old provincial innocence. Hew, prisca fides! Shortly before Mr. Rogers resigned, the Club joined the New England Rowing Association, 1 a body made up of various amateur clubs. Of this, 1 The Association was formed in February or March, 1868. The Union Boat Club voted to join it on April 1st. 78 THE UNION BOAT CLUB J. S. Fay, Jr., of the Union Boat Club, was chosen a director. The Association had its first regatta on May 22nd, 1868. There was only one race — for single sculls — which was advertised * for the Cham- pionship of the Charles River.' Among the eight entries, three from Portland and the rest from Bos- ton, there were three from the Union Boat Club — William Appleton, Jr., J. S. Fay, Jr., and John Tyler, Jr. Tyler came in first, and so won the gold medal of the Association. Fay was second. Walter Brown, a famous sculler, was third. It was noted with interest by oarsmen on this occasion that Tyler and Fay used paper shells, which had appeared in Boston waters this season for the first time. 1 A craft even stranger than a paper shell was to be associated with the Club the next year, '69 — namely, a canoe. It was a Rob Roy belonging to C. Linzee Tilden, who had just entered the Club and who made the first canoe trip logged on its books. A trip it was, too, to put in the shade any made by the most venturesome of canoemen to-day; for it was from Albany, New York, to Havre-de- Grace, Maryland, by the Erie Canal to Montezuma, New York, Cayuga and Seneca Canals, Seneca Lake, and Chemung Canal to Elmira, and then the Che- mung River and the Susquehanna to Havre-de-Grace. The working time was nineteen days; the total dis- tance, six hundred and twenty-five miles ; the average per day, thirty-three and one-nineteenth miles. 1 L. S. King's Sketch of the Club in the Sixties, p. 15. TRANSFORMATION 79 Later that same year another canoeman, E. T. Wilkinson, came into the Club. The next sum- mer in June he made a trip from Wilkesbarre to Havre-de-Grace in six days, joining Tilden, who started from Elmira and made the trip from there to Havre-de-Grace in ten days. Evidently Tilden found the Susquehanna a good canoeing stream. In July the two made another trip together, each in his own Rob Roy, from Burling- ton, Vermont, to New York. The time was nine days. The Club all the while was maintaining both its interest in the Fourth of July regattas and its tra- ditions of hospitality connected with them. Only once does it seem to have lapsed from these, and that was in 1867, when it voted that the boat-house on public days was to be for Club boats only. At the same time it voted that J. D. Parker, Jr., should confer with the City Committee on the Fourth of July regatta about accommodations for visitors. Perhaps increasing rowdyism at the City regattas was the cause of this action. At least such cause is suggested by a vote the next year on the 1st of July, requesting the Captain to take such measures as he thought proper to preserve order and decency in and about the boat-house on the Fourth. At the same meeting a committee was appointed to pro- cure accommodations for guests on the Fourth, and the Secretary was requested to confer with one of the City Committee about providing accommoda- 80 THE UNION BOAT CLUB tions for boats from a distance. There was clearly not room for these in the boat-house, for already in June the Club had voted that no berths should be let to persons not members of the Club. But the Captain was empowered to extend the hospitality of the Club at his discretion. So here was a return to the old hospital spirit that had partially ceased — doubtless with good cause — in the previ- ous year. For some time now, the Fourth of July regattas were not interesting from the point of view of the Union Boat Club; at least they brought it few new laurels. The most notable Club victory was in double sculls in '68, when Tyler and Fay were a good first. Otherwise Union boats generally had bad luck. Moreover, two of these Fourths, like some in recent years, were utterly unfit for rowing. In '66 there was such a strong northeast wind that of the seven four-oars entering, only two had a race; of the others, two did not start, and the remaining three merely went over the course and came in awash. The two boats that really got a race were both from St. John, New Brunswick. Built of white pine, they were quite short and very wide, so that the rough water troubled them but little. Their crews were said to be fishermen; and they astonished boating sharps, says Mr. King, 6 by smoking short, black clay pipes ' as they sat on the raft waiting to be called to the line. They had no dread that smoking would interfere with their endurance. TRANSFORMATION 81 In '67 the condition of the river on the Fourth was even worse. Most of the boats merely struggled over the course in the heavy wind and sea; they could not be said to race. The climax came when the four-oars were rowing. Suddenly out of the northwest broke an exceptionally heavy squall with rain. Most of the racing boats were swamped and some of the boats with spectators, which had lined the northerly side of the course. The barge, Union, was quickly launched and manned, and did good service in picking up the people struggling in the water, which was none too warm. Though things looked dangerous for a while, every one got safely ashore. The crew of one of the racing shells were so grateful that they published a card of thanks in the papers the next day. The Fourth of July regatta was not the only pub- lic one in these years ; the Seventeenth of June re- gatta, which has but recently been discontinued, had just come into existence. It was then a Charles- town institution and was rowed on the Mystic. In '67 the Union Boat Club entered a four, of which apparently much was expected, for the Union, carrying seven passengers, rowed through the bridges to see the race, accompanied by the Ariadne, a four-oar, and several singles. To the disappoint- ment of the Club its competing four was third among five contestants. A year later, however, a scratch Union four on the Mystic felt fairly proud to come in a good third in the four-mile race, con- 82 THE UNION BOAT CLUB sidering that they had never rowed together before and that they were fouled twice on the way over the course. The same day, J. S. Fay, Jr., won the singles, defeating among others Ellis Ward, one of the redoubtable Ward brothers, of Cornwall, New York. The great event in Club rowing, meanwhile, was the race for the Championship Cup. J. D. Parker, Jr., the able sculler, and now something of a Club veteran, was the prime mover in this. He got money subscribed for purchasing the Cup, and he proposed the rules to govern the Cup Races, which were adopted by the Club in September, 1866. They allowed various races for the Cup each year, and provided that any member holding it against all chal- lengers for two consecutive years should have it for his own property. These rules considerably modi- fied are still in force. Already the first race for the Cup had been rowed on the 7th of the preceding May. It was won by E. B. Robins, who had joined the Club the previous month and had become immediately one of its most active and enthusiastic members, as he has been ever since. The distance was two miles, one out and return; and the time was nineteen minutes. L. S. King, another zealous young member, who came into the Club in November, '65, was second in nineteen minutes and ten seconds. Of the other two entries, one ' in a boat designated as a lap-shell was lost somewhere on the course,' and the other, ' who at- TRANSFORMATION 83 tempted to use the ancient Toothpick . . . sank with her soon after leaving the starting line.' * Now and then crews or individuals within the Club would race for the mere fun of the thing. For in- stance, a race was got up in October, '67, 2 between Evadne, a six-oar, and UHirondelle, a four-oar. It proved a walk-over for the six, according to the log, which must have been written by one of the winning crew. ' Evadne led from the start and came in a long way ahead in 15.10. The start of the Evadne was without exception the handsomest . . . ever made in the U. S. by a six-oared boat. At the word " go " the six oars dipped into the water as one, and the old boat showed a good length ahead before the other boat seemed to be started. She continued to widen the distance throughout the race and came in 1% miles ahead.' Then there were still other races besides the public ones in Boston waters and the private regattas within the Club. For instance, of even more importance to the Club because of the fame it brought than that single-scull race for the championship of the Charles, in which Tyler beat the well-known oarsman, Walter Brown, was another in which the same two contested with similar result. This was rowed on the Schuyl- kill, and Philadelphia and New York as well as Bos- ton papers gave long accounts of it. The log, written by either the Secretary or the Lieutenant of the time, is as follows : 3 1 L. S. King's Sketch of the Club in the Sixties. 2 October 3. 3 June 18, 1868. 84 THE UNION BOAT CLUB ' Over the Schuylkill course at Philadelphia. In the 3 mile race with Brown, in which race Brown was beaten making the 2nd time that this oarsman, called the Champion of America, has been beaten by Mr. Tyler, the time made by Tyler was 21 57%. Brown 4 sees, behind. Tyler's time is better than Jo. Fay's two mile at Charlestown, 17th, though Fay was not pushed and Tyler was.' And still the two old customs were maintained of Fast Day and moonlight excursions. As previously, the Fast Day row was preparatory to a midday din- ner at some hotel near tide-water, at which repast plans for the rowing season were discussed enthusi- astically. The hotel remained, as by some unwritten law it early became, the Charles River Hotel in Brighton. In the autumn moonlight excursion, the goal was apt to be more distant, often Taft's Hotel at Point Shirley; and on two or three of these ex- cursions, as has been recorded, ladies honored the Club by becoming its guests. Luckily the seaman- ship of the Boat Club was better now than on that ignominious occasion in the second year of its exist- ence, when through the thoughtlessness of its mar- iners, the fair guests narrowly escaped immersion in the Charles. Nor were these ladies' parties, so unfortunately infrequent, the only signs of gallantry displayed by members of the Boat Club. The logs show that the doughty oarsmen more than once attracted the atten- tion of fair and sometimes flirtatious ones, whether TRANSFORMATION 85 on bank or bridge, as they rowed by — alas ! but a fleeting apparition of manly strength, and so the acquaintance was correspondingly fleeting. As well perhaps that it was, for one entry in the log sug- gests that had the acquaintance been prolonged, it might have proved disappointing. It was a Sun- day morning in April, and the valiant tars of 'a double and two singles had rowed up to Brighton to see the devastation of a recent large fire, and beached their boats while they viewed the ruins. ' On returning . . . found some beautiful young damsels rocking in the boats; on requesting them to desist, were greeted with very saucy answers, but our gallantry prevented our punishing them as they deserved.' * Occasionally, however, came happier days, when Fate more kindly gave a chance for longer and sweeter dalliance. Thus when six-oared Evadne rowed once to Hull, there were glad moments whose story one of her gallant crew logged as follows : 2 ' Arrived about 5%. Took the boat round the other side and went in swimming. Some of the boys got acquainted with some young ladies at the Mansion House, one of whom gave bow a note (throwing it out of the window at 5%) the next morning when we were about to start. Said note was a request to call again.' 1 April 1, 1860. Had the date anything to do with the behavior of the ' damsels ' ? 2 August 11 and 12, 1867. 86 THE UNION BOAT CLUB But men, and especially seamen, have notoriously been deceivers ever, one foot in sea and one on shore, to one thing constant never. The log of the Union Boat Club at least does not record that the eyes of those young ladies in the Mansion House gazing Bostonwards, ever saw six stalwart oarsmen driving the Evadne towards the shore of Hull. Nor is there a hint that ' bow,' stealing away from his fellows, ever cleft the waters of the harbor in a single to greet again the lady of the note. And then there was ' Nellie,' who suffered a similar fate, though with some consolation later, if Boat Club logs be true. On the fair Sabbath morn of June 14th, 1868, had Nellie been watching at the right moment, she might have seen Marguerite ap- proaching, escorted by two sun-burned and lightly clad young gentlemen; nor was there occasion for Nellie to feel the least qualm of jealousy, for Mar- guerite was only a double wherry. But Marguerite's escorts shall tell their own story. ' Sunday. 6 Marguerite to Point Shirley. Left house at 11 a. m. Strong tide running out. Reached Point S. at 11%. Went in swimming, the water was very cold. Had dinner at l 1 /^. Nellie waited upon us. Nellie is a pretty girl. The house looks the same as ever, perhaps a little fresh on account of its spring cleaning. Nellie said she was from Lawrence. Mr. Taft was very glad to see us. We had an excellent din- ner & a bottle of wine.' (Here some mocking TRANSFORMATION 87 fellow oarsman, looking over the log, saw fit to write in the margin — ' Query as to number of bottles. Read log.' Without attending to this impertinence we will read the log further.) ' Nellie said it was kind of lonesome down there, but we told her we would call again. She seemed to brighten up a little when Mr. L. said this. Mr. L. thinks he will visit Pt. Shirley again. . . . ' We left the Point about 3% p. m. Did not see Nellie again. We reached the boat house at 4*1/2 p. m. in good health & spirits.' These two care-free young pagans, whose record of a Sabbath is the above, have logged other pulls of theirs, but they have not put it in writing, at least, that they ever did * call again ' on Nellie. Either their log or their words, however, sent their friends to see her, and if we may judge from the chronicle of another Sunday, July 5th, Nellie in the three weeks since Marguerite's visit had become known to the whole Union Boat Club. Probably members did read the log faithfully in those days. At any rate, under date of ' July 4,' four able oarsmen have recorded : * Ariadne to Pt. Shirley. Went down Sat. eve. & re- turned Mond. July 6. Had a jolly time, especially with Nellie after business hours.' Which statement is confirmed in the story of July 5th, as told by one of a crew of six. ' Evadne to Pt. Shirley to spend the day, it being very hot in the City and some of the Crew waiving their desire to go to church for the 88 THE UNION BOAT CLUB pleasure and benefit of the others. We found upon our arrival at the Point . . . that the crew of the Ariadne, consisting of Jack L 1 (better known as Crime) J-hns-n, G-dd-rd, and Fl-gg, who left the Boat House on the night of the 4th, had arrived all right (we did not get the time) & that they were then on a fishing excursion. Disappointed in not finding these friends, we all sought Nellie, and notwithstand- ing the fact that there had been Crime in the house the preceding night, we found her looking well, and apparently unharmed, which gave us much satisfaction. The beverage cf the party seemed to be lemonade, of which they drank profusely. Went in swimming, & found the water much colder than the lemonade, and were unable to keep it on our stomachs for more than two or three minutes. ' After waiting a long time for our friends to return from their fishing, and having been visited by a very severe thunder shower, which though refreshing was dangerous, we were pained to learn that their boat had been struck by lightning and suffered the loss of a mast at least. Knowing that the internal use of lightning for many years had failed to kill Jack, we doubted its ability when applied externally, and so composed ourselves with an evident struggle, and with good appetite we all sat down and did justice to a good dinner consist- ing of Chowder, Fish, Chicken, Ducks, Yellow- legs, etc., etc., Strawberries, Nuts, & after the latter, by way of dessert, Nellie & Coffee. After . . . smoking, singing, etc., & having wit- 1 Not the 'Mr. L.' of June 14th. TRANSFORMATION 89 nessed the return of our tried (they had been out under a very hot sun) friends, safe & sound, learning that the report of their mishap was erroneous, we left them at Pt. Shirley about 7% p « M «> arriving here about 8^, having passed a very pleasant & cool day. 1 Nellie was loath to have us leave her.' Then follow the names of Evadne's six oarsmen. With this entry, Nellie disappears from the records of the Union Boat Club, though there were other visits of Boat Club men to Point Shirley that year. Did she come back the next year, or did she go away to her native Lawrence? Or did Mr. Taft perhaps think her a little too gay and dismiss her inconti- nently? The log is mute. But the entries already quoted are enough to show that, save for Diones, Evadnes, Galateas, and other mythological ladies, and an occasional Marguerite or Coquette, who have been pulled with more or less violence about Boston Harbor and adjacent waters, no lady figures so much in the Club records as Nellie. Alas! however, and again alas ! for the inconstancy of man ! In the log of 1870, that is, only two years after these records of Nellie, we read, ' Whoever goes to Point Shirley, ask for Louise, the fairest of the fair ! ' Meanwhile the Club cabin still stood on its island in the Annisquam River, but by the late sixties it had become an object of tradition rather than of use. King, making a solitary trip in the lapstreak, Twi- light, to Newburyport in '66, took great interest in 90 THE UNION BOAT CLUB hunting up ' the much-talked-about Club house on Squam River.' Incidentally he records that ' a small bottle-nosed whale off Nahant, mackerel, sharks near Phillips Beach, seals that followed the boat, and stur- geon that attempted to get into it, in and near Ips- wich River, enlivened the trip.' Two years later, Baxter and Chamberlin — vet- eran oars now in the eyes of the youngsters of the Club — made what might be called a pilgrimage to the Squam River island which they had known so well in the days of the encampments. They pulled in two wherries over pretty rough water to Nahant, where they spent their first night. The next morning they put out on a placid summer sea for Gloucester, where they were lucky enough to meet at the Pavilion Hotel some ' demoiselles tres charmante,' according to their French in the log. About ten the next morning, to continue the story in their own words, ' we pulled up Squam river & visited the " Shanty," scenes of former exploits of the U.B.C. The house was safe & sound. We got in by the window & talked over the merry times we there used to have. Mr. C. pointed out the names of two young ladies, written by themselves upon the wall years gone by, & wondered if he should ever meet them again. By a wonderful chance he met them both next day & talked over the never-to-be- forgotten past. 6 We took a swim & started back for Gloucester. The tide had run out, & Mr. Chamberlin being anxious to get back to town managed to get the boats TRANSFORMATION 91 round & through the mud to deep water & reached the steamboat in time to come up to the city. Mr. Baxter remained at Gloucester, wishing to pull back to town & having plenty of time for that purpose. The pleasant and beautiful ladies at the hotel may have had some restraining influence, but we are bound to believe that the love of boating only retained him.' It was well that Baxter had plenty of time. Ac- cording to his log, the wind now blew steadily for twenty-four hours from the south or southwest, kicking up altogether too much sea for a wherry. Then there came a quiet morning, and he started for Boston about four ; but he was not to reach the city as he intended. ' Off Norman's Woe a thick fog set in, hiding everything a boat's length distant. Fol- lowed the shore the loom of which could occasionally see as far as Egg Isl. From here should have been obliged to leave the land. Baker's Isl. a mile or two off being the next point, seeing no prospect of the fog lifting, & believing it imprudent to point seaward without a compass, & the chances of breakfast being small, decided to return to Gloucester.' There Bax- ter arrived without accident, and he and his wherry went up to Boston by steamer. It was not only on long trips that untoward events sometimes occurred. King, Richards, Deblois, Hill, and Robins started one day in the Evadne for Cam- bridge, with such a strong east wind and tide that they found a very heavy sea once they got away from the shelter of Beacon Hill. A cold rain fell in- 92 THE UNION BOAT CLUB termittently. As the Evadne was going through the bridge just below the College boat-house, which then stood at the bend of the river below the present Weld Boat House, a collision with the piling carried away her outriggers on the port side. The crew with difficulty made the College boat-house, where they put up their craft. Then, discovering that by good for- tune one of them had money enough for car-fares, they returned to Boston in a horse-car — drenched to the skin and so cold that they did not much care whether or not they were decent objects to appear in a public conveyance. Probably they were not, for they were in only their scanty and not too clean rowing-clothes, capless, and two of them with noth- ing on their feet but old rowing-socks. There were many other long trips besides these which have been recorded. It was not uncommon for the Union and four- and six-oar lapstreaks to pull to Squantum, Hull, Point Shirley, or some other place down the harbor. Occasionally they went farther, to Nahant, perhaps, or even Swampscott. But such trips as those to Squam and beyond were rare. They were made, however, from time to time, and naturally logged, with more or less detail, by the complacent bold mariners on their safe return to the boat-house. Perhaps the most notable of these trips was that of Lambert and King in September, 1868. Starting from the boat-house one day at noon, they pulled in a double scull to Annisquam, which they reached about five. There they stayed a week, making vari- TRANSFORMATION 93 ous excursions the while. On the 21st they rowed through Plum Island Creek to Newburyport, as King had done alone two years before. They kept on up the Merrimac to Haverhill, where they had dinner. Then they went on, pulling through the so-called ' Rips,' which had not then been blown up, and reached Lawrence in eight hours and ten minutes from the time they left Squam. They were off for Lowell at half past six the next morning. A little way below Lowell, they had to get out and push the boat through rapids. By two portages they got their boat into the Concord River, and rowed up to Con- cord, which they made about seven in the evening. There they spent two nights. Then they put their boat in a freight car and took the train for Boston. At the draw of the Fitchburg Railroad they put the boat in the water again, but not to row to the boat- house till after they had pulled to Point Shirley for dinner. Seasons varied of old as they do now in regard to temperature, wind, and the other natural conditions that promote or discourage rowing. The spring of 1868, for instance, was cold and backward. The rowing season was not opened till March 14th, when Robins, in those days, as in these, the most venture- some of early-spring oarsmen, and often too the last to put away his boat for the winter, 1 was the first man out on the water. For weeks there was not much 1 The logs show that Mr. Robins has been the first out and the last in more than any other man in the Club. 94 THE UNION BOAT CLUB inducement to follow him. Snow fell when a crew were out on as late a day as the 27th of April. Yet more discouraging is the log for May 8th : ' Wind north & cold. Snowed hard during the morning.' Then follow twenty-five exclamation points, growing smaller and smaller, till the last is only two dots. The next year, on the contrary, there was warm weather early. Robins was out on the water on Washington's Birthday, but already Sargent had got out ahead of him on the previous day. One might go on a long time with extracts from the log which would be of some interest, but they would give no further information about the Club life than those already quoted. From them we can see well enough that in some of its customs, the Club had not changed so very much in the late sixties from the simple little rowing club of before the War. In its equipment and in the size of its membership, how- ever, it had changed radically. It was the increase in these which made inevitable important changes in both the quarters and the con- stitution of the Union Boat Club. Though one came about more quickly than the other, the Club for some years had been growing towards both. We have seen that on its union with the Shawmut Rowing Club in February, 1861, it adopted its fourth constitution. This served till the ratification of the present one in 1870, having been in the meantime much amended. It is interesting to see in the amendments a general trend towards the constitution of to-day. With the TRANSFORMATION 95 adoption of this constitution in the same year as the establishment of the Club in a new house on land of its own, the Club became substantially the organisa- tion which it was to remain for forty years. The first step from the constitution of 1861 towards that of 1870 was taken only two months after the earlier one was adopted; it marked the beginning of changes in the manner of choosing mem- bers which have continued ever since. According to the earlier constitution, the officers of the Club, the ■ President, Captain, and Lieutenant, and Secretary, who together with two other members shall consti- tute a Board of Directors,' had no more to say than any others in the election of new members, who were balloted on by the whole Club at the regular meet- ings, and had to be elected unanimously. There was no thought of an Election Committee, to decide the fate of proposed members, nor did such a committee come into existence officially till 1880; 1 yet already in April, '61, the Club had voted, without apparently intending any constitutional change, to have the Chair appoint a committee of three to consider and report on nominations for membership. That this committee was purely advisory is proved by the fact that sev- eral times favorable reports from it were reversed by vote of the Club. After a while the committee seems to have gone out of service, to be revived again in 9 66, but for once only. A year later, by vote of the Club, the Chair named three as a ' Committee on 1 See Ch. VII, p. 183. 96 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Elections ' — a name interesting because so close to that of the recent Election Committee. Still the com- mittee was a body of uncertain power. Meanwhile the Board of Directors seem to have exercised from time to time advisory power regarding candidates, and even on two occasions 1 to have elected new mem- bers at only a Directors' meeting without any re- quest for the approval of the Club. By a vote of July 1st, 1868, which was still not an amendment to the constitution, the Club made the powers of the Board of Directors as an Election Committee more definite than they had been. Any application for membership now must receive the approval of a ma- jority of the Directors. When the Board in 1870 became the Executive Committee, they retained the duty of approving applications for membership be- fore giving them to the Club to ballot on. This duty the Executive Committee retained till the creation of the Committee on Elections. Meanwhile a candidate might be voted on only at the next regular meeting after that at which his name was proposed. This regulation, which had grown up gradually, was offi- cially fixed by the addition of a new article, XVI, to the constitution in 1866. 2 Names of candidates were not entered in a book kept for that purpose till 1878. 1 November 1, 1865, when L. S. King was elected, and August, 1867. The Directors did this under Article VI of the old constitution, which allowed them to "do all business that the Club might do; provided that the regular monthly meeting of the Club does not occur in time for the transaction of such business." 2 Adopted June 6th and slightly amended November 7th. TRANSFORMATION 97 Another matter that from time to time occupied the attention of the Club was the amount of the initiation fee. On May 1, 1861, it was raised from $10 to $20. In May of '65 the amendment of 1861 was expunged, and the entrance fee made again only $10. This proved too low, for in 1868 1 it was once more raised to $20. The annual dues from 1861 up to 1868 were $20. From the begin- ning of that year they were made $25. The most important change in the constitution during these years was the creation of the office of Treasurer, in 1866, in order, as we have seen, to relieve the President of some of his responsibility. About a year later the office of Treasurer was united with that of Secretary; and in consideration of the double duty, the holder of the office was to be ex- empt from annual dues. G. W. Estabrook was the only man who ever held the double office, for within three months it was abolished, and after a return for nine months to the old custom of assigning the Treasurer's duties to the President, the Treasurer was created again. Since the constitution of '53, the Treasurer's books had been subject at all times to the inspec- tion of members of the Club. By a vote of the Club in 186 1, 2 it came to be the custom that he and the other officers should submit reports at stated times, whence the provision of the present constitu- tion that the Treasurer ' shall exhibit his accounts 1 September 2. 2 June 5. 98 THE UNION BOAT CLUB at the annual meeting,' and that they shall always ■ be open to the inspection of . . . the Executive Committee.' Other changes, whether actually amendments to the constitution or only made so virtually by some vote of the Club, are less important. Mention has already been made of the vote of 1869, 1 fixing the number of active members at one hundred — a large number compared with that of earlier years, which was still further increased within a twelvemonth to one hundred and fifty. Another step towards pres- ent conditions was an earlier vote of that year 2 — that officers should be elected on the first Wednesday of March for a term of one year, in- stead of semi-annually as heretofore. And more and more the Board of Directors tended to do the actual work of the Club, subject always to the revision of the whole Club at its next meeting. With the increase of membership, this change was but natural ; of course there cannot be the individual participa- tion in government in a body of a hundred or over that may be in a body of twenty. Correspondingly, as greater power came to be conferred on the officers, less need was felt of frequent meetings. In December, '69, it was voted that the Directors at their dis- cretion might dispense with the regular monthly meetings from November to February, though one must be called if six members should request it in writing. 1 June 2. 2 May 5. TRANSFORMATION 99 It was voted at the same time that the Chair should appoint a committee of five to revise the constitution and report on its revision as soon as possible. The Chair accordingly appointed T. F. Edmands, E. N. Fenno, G. G. Crocker, A. G. Baxter, and H. B. Rice. They made their report in the following April, at that same meeting at which the limit of membership was raised from a hundred to a hundred and fifty. When the Club had gone into a committee of the whole to consider the report, Edmands, the chairman of the constitutional com- mittee, read the new constitution article by article. There was not much discussion; the committee of the whole voted acceptance. But since they had done so only as a committee and not as the Club, and since Edmands asked for time to make some changes, the Club did not formally ratify the new constitution till April 18th. Then at a meeting at the American House, with twenty-four members present, the Club voted to repeal the old constitution and accept the new. It voted also to repeal the old by-laws and accept new ones. Then, with proper formalities, it discharged the committee and gave them a vote of thanks. Evidently they deserved it. The con- stitution which they had framed was so satis- factory that its fame soon went abroad. Before the year was out, 1 the Executive Committee re- ceived a request, which they granted, from Messrs. Waters, Balch & Co., well-known builders of paper 1 December 27, 1870. 100 THE UNION BOAT CLUB boats in Troy, New York, to use the constitution of the Club as a model for new clubs, and to print it for that purpose in their catalogue. This constitution, adopted April 18th, 1870, has served the Club ever since. 1 The rather bombastic preamble of the third and fourth constitutions was wisely dropped; in its place appeared as Article I a slight modification of the first article of the con- stitutions of 1851 and 1853. They had begun, ' This Club shall be denominated the Union Boat Club.' Now, for reasons that are obvious, the article read: ' This organisation shall be called the Union Boat Club of Boston.' Then follow eight other articles, making nine in all. Taken together, they state sim- ply and clearly the name, object, and character of the Club, fix the number of members, the dues, and the officers, and explain the interest of members in the property of the Club, the agreement with the Trustees, and the method of amending the constitu- tion or repealing it. Article VIII, on the agree- ment with the Trustees, has become superfluous and been dropped. Article IX, providing for amend- ment or repeal, has been merged with the last article of the by-laws, which provides for their amendment or repeal. The other articles have all been amended. Only two months after the adoption of the new constitution, the Union Boat Club found itself for 1 It has been variously amended, but the constitution itself is still in force. TRANSFORMATION 101 the first time in a house on land of its own. Agita- tion for such a club-house had been active ever since the close of the War, when the new growth of the Club began. In September, '65, it was voted that the President and the Captain should enquire about the price of land and building material, and the ex- pediency of building a house on land owned by the Club itself. Though their report was not officially recorded, evidently they believed it expedient for the members of the Club to purchase land and have their own house, whenever they could afford to do so. The moment, however, did not seem suitable for such a purchase. The desire to have their own house be- came keener than ever when Mr. Braman came into a meeting on March 7th, 1866, to say that he had sold some of the land occupied by the Club, and that consequently they must vacate it as soon as possible. The result was the appointment of a committee of seven to provide suitable accommodations for that year and to make permanent provision for the future. Whatever they did, there is nothing further in the records about a new house till September 5th. Then Hill, Robins, Chamberlin, and Estabrook were ap- pointed to take active measures for getting one. But according to the report which they made in January, 1867, they believed it best not to buy then, but to make a lease with Mr. Braman of the Union and the Beacon houses — that is, the quarters then occupied — for either three or five years. With some difficulty, for Mr. Braman as years advanced grew 102 THE UNION BOAT CLUB more and more unwilling to commit himself to any agreement, the lease was finally executed. 1 After all, such a lease was only a makeshift ; more and more the sentiment of the Club was for their own boat-house. On August 5th, 1868, another committee was appointed, this time consisting of five men, 2 to consider the feasibility of procuring land for a new house, with full powers to act. The following March the committee reported that they had conferred with Mr. Braman several times, but had not been able to agree upon a price. In April they reported again, saying that they had offered Mr. Braman $9000 for his land, but he wanted more, though he would make no proposition. Agree- ment seemed impossible. The committee asked to be discharged and were discharged. The death of Mr. Braman in the following sum- mer gave affairs a new turn, for it appeared that his heirs were willing to sell. Accordingly, a special meeting was called on October 4th, to consider a proposition from them to sell the land at three dol- lars a foot, with a right of way twenty feet wide from Pratt's Stable at the foot of Chestnut Street to the water-line. The Club voted to accept the proposi- tion; and a committee of five was appointed with power to effect a purchase. The money was to be raised in shares of a hundred dollars each, which later were made fifty dollars, for which only members 1 The records do not state when the lease was executed, or whether it was for three or five years. 2 Buckingham, Edmands, Adams, Baxter, and Rice. TRANSFORMATION 103 of the Club might subscribe. Since not all were financially able to do so, those who could formed a stock company, called the Union Boat Club Asso- ciation, which was to buy the land and build the house, holding the property for the benefit of the Club, to which it was to be leased. At last a perma- nent home of the Boat Club was assured. As soon as possible, building began and went on rapidly. A sign that it had progressed well was a vote the next April authorising the President to buy a presiding-desk, table, second desk, and chairs, and such other furniture as he might deem necessary. By June 13th, 1870, the house was near enough to completion for the Executive Committee to have a meeting in it, which was the first use of the new Club House officially recorded. The next day, people were admitted to the roof to see a small regatta, for seats had been built on the roof, which sloped at a convenient angle and commanded a good view up the river. At the large regatta, however, on the 17th, it was deemed unwise to admit spec- tators to the roof, since to do so * would interfere with the workmen.' But by the end of June the house seems to have been virtually finished, for it was voted to sell five hundred tickets to the roof for the Fourth of July regatta. The price, put first at a dollar, was changed five days later to fifty cents. So far as there was any formal house-warming of the Club, it was this Fourth of July regatta. Housed now on an ampler scale than ever before, 104 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the Club felt the need of a janitor; and so at the end of June, one was hired at forty dollars a month. He was the first janitor engaged by the Club, al- though a year before the Captain had been author- ised to employ one on trial at a salary not exceed- ing thirty dollars a month. He appears not to have done so. In order to make the new Club House complete, there was needed now only the equipment of the gymnasium. This was voted in July, 1870, as follows : ' Rowing-weights, 5 or 6 50-lb. wts. accord- ing to room. Parallel Bars, 1 pair. Double weights, 2, 14 lb. each; 1, 20 lb; 1, 30 lb. Indian Clubs, 1 pair, 5 lb. each; 4, 12 lb. Dumb-bells, 2, 12 lb. ; 2, 16 lb. ; 2, 20 lb. ; 2, 30 lb. ; 2, 40 lb. ; 1, 50 lb. ; 1, 75 lb. Trapeze, 1. Upright bars, 1 pair.' With the installation of this apparatus, the new home of the Club was finished. It was the house that most of us have known well — the wooden building painted brown at the foot of Chestnut Street on the site of the present structure of brick and stone. Unpretentious it was, both within and without — two stories and a half high, with two doors of ordinary size on Chestnut Street, and win- dows above them; and three great doors opening TRANSFORMATION 105 on runways on the water side, and above them, the length of the house, a balcony on which you might step out through any one of seven large windows. On the ground floor were two dingy rooms for stor- ing boats, and in the early days, the bath-room. This was later moved to the floor above, where were also the lockers, the gymnasium — with a good hand- ball court subsequently in one corner of it — and the reading-room. Draughty and barn-like the house was in winter, and it always looked dusty and dingy, but in summer it seemed delightfully cool and spa- cious ; it was as restful on a warm day, as if one were far from town, to sit on the balcony at high tide, the southwest breeze cooled by blowing the length of the Basin and the water lapping directly underneath. The City of Boston has profited im- mensely by the construction of the Charles River Embankment, but the resultant stretches of turf, driveway, hard granolithic path, and ugly iron rail- ing, have banished forever the old seaside charm of the Union Boat Club. With the occupation of this house of its own in 1870, the Club ended the first period of its life. The change was complete from the little old-fashioned organisation of far from skilled oarsmen, to a fairly large club in which were several of the ablest oars- men in New England. Starting with twelve members in 1851, the Club shrank to eight (which for some time in '53 was the limit of membership), from which number it grew again — slowly before the War, 106 THE UNION BOAT CLUB rapidly afterwards — till in 1870 the limit of mem- bership was a hundred and fifty. Instead of three officers — Treasurer, Coxswain, and Secretary — the Club had nine. Other changes were proportionate. The whole navy of the Club in '51 had been one heavy gig. In '70 there were seventeen boats, including various racing craft from an eight to a single. 1 Also canoes, Rob Roys to be sure, were to be found in the boat-house, though they were private property, for the Club was not yet persuaded of the wisdom of keeping canoes for common use. The first consti- tution had given way to a second in '53; that to a third in '57; and that to a fourth in '61, which lasted nine years. Then in '70 came the constitution which, with some amendments, has served forty years and seems likely to do so for years to come. And 1 The navy of the Club in 1870 was as follows: Union, 8-oar barge Argo, 8-oar shell Evadne, 6-oar lapstreak Voluta, 4-oar shell Glaucus, 4-oar lapstreak Triton, 4-oar lapstreak Ariadne, 4-oar lapstreak Sabrina, Double scull lapstreak Haidee, Double scull lapstreak Lotus, Single scull lapstreak Curlew, Single scull lapstreak Petrel, Single scull lapstreak Bittern, Single scull lapstreak Ibis, Single scull lapstreak Barnacle, Single scull lapstreak Sophia, Gig Columba, Randan gig TRANSFORMATION 107 lastly, from one room, which the members took turns week by week in cleaning — a room hired in Braman's Bath Building near the corner of Chestnut Street and the present Brimmer Street — the quarters of the Club had grown, as it took in new members, and had been moved, as Mr. Braman made new land out of his tide-covered flats, till now they filled a whole house, built for the purpose, on good solid land at the ex- tremity of those former flats, with the title held by certain members of the Club, styled officially the Union Boat Club Association. VI THE EVEN TENOR rpHOUGH the years from 1851 to 1870 make less ■*• than a third of the life of the Union Boat Club, they were years of such change that they seem the most important part of its history. By comparison, subsequent years are uneventful except in three mat- ters — the growth of canoeing, the introduction of handball, and the changes in the Charles River brought about by the construction of the embank- ment and the dam. The effect of these last must be far-reaching. They have necessitated changes in the constitution of the Club. They have left its land high and dry, cut off from the water by the embank- ment at its widest point. And they have trans- formed the Charles from a salt river, with a strong tide of eight or ten feet, into a fresh-water lake of uniform level. But they are still too recent to permit much more than conjecture as to their per- manent effect. Except for these more or less radical changes, the Club has grown naturally and almost imper- ceptibly from what it was in 1870, with its new house and new constitution. Then, with a hundred 108 THE EVEN TENOR 109 and fifty active members, 1 it was no longer a little club; though its membership has since doubled, still three hundred do not make a very large club. So with other changes ; always excepting the three named, they have been in directions already apparent by 1870. And perhaps one of the three should be partially excepted. It might be said that Linzee Tilden's canoe trip in 1869 from Albany to Havre- de-Grace was prophetic of the subsequent interest in canoeing. In fact it might even be said that hand- ball is but the natural outgrowth of early attempts to make winter exercise in the Club popular. Of lesser novelties, one of the first which the new house involved was the janitor. Apart from the Club quarters being now too large for the members themselves to take care of in turn, that old simple method would not have been consistent with the new dignity of the Club, established on land and in a house of its very own. And so there came the vote of the 23d of June, 1870, to employ Alexander Mc- Cormick 2 as j anitor at a salary of forty dollars a month. He was somewhat crotchety and too domi- neering for his relations with the Executive Commit- tee to be invariably pleasant, but he served the Club loyally for many years. Partly because of his crotchets, partly because of the Executive Commit- tee's uncertainty just what to do with their new ac- quisition, ' Old Aleck,' as older members of the Club 1 There were then as now also honorary members. 2 The first entry of his name is incorrectly Cormick. 110 THE UNION BOAT CLUB have affectionately called him, figures more in its records than all the other janitors put together. Alone among them, he seems to have been en- trusted with a kind of police duty. At least the Executive Committee voted a fortnight after his appointment that he should be sent to members in arrears to collect the amounts due. If a member under these circumstances refused to pay, a special meeting of the Club should be held for his expulsion. But for this function of the janitorship, which might have made the office even more august and awful than it normally was during Aleck's tenure, there was destined to be no growth. Since no details are recorded of any encounter between the bailiff-janitor and a delinquent member, it is fair to presume that none such ever took place. Perhaps it was a wish to enhance the dignity of this semi-constable, perhaps it was only humani- tarian motives, that led to a vote on the twenty- seventh of December to provide a carpet for the janitor's room — he lived in the Club House — as a belated Christmas present, and also to make sundry other provisions, unnecessary to name, for his physi- cal well-being. Previous to this vote, he must have been uncomfortable enough. Despite the comfort and dignity thus given him, McCormick's career as janitor was destined to be checkered. He was complained of in a letter to the Executive Committee in 1871 x for refusing to lend 1 May 16. THE EVEN TENOR 111 a Club boat for the rescue of a drowning man. Though investigation showed the complainants to blame, because they had demanded admittance to the Club House in a way calculated to make Aleck sus- pect their veracity, still his inclination to high-hand- edness probably played some part in his refusal. Six years later, at least, 1 this caused him to remon- strate in language both disrespectful and profane with certain gentlemen, members of the Club, for singing in the Club House one evening as late as eleven. The Executive Committee voted Aleck's discharge. But for some reason the order seems not to have been carried out, and, early in June, the Club voted, apparently as a peace-offering, to make McCormick a present of the Barnacle. This was not such a princely gift after all, for it had been voted a month earlier to sell her, but no pur- chaser could be found. Though McCormick had a new uniform voted him that summer and a three weeks' vacation in Novem- ber, still he did not so comport himself as to give general satisfaction. The next year 2 it was thought * desirable to have a new j anitor.' Votes speedily followed to put the room of the out-going janitor into proper condition for its new occupant and also to give the new one ' a blue reefer, trousers, cap, and two flannel shirts.' In spite of these and other emoluments, however, McCormick's successors, if more tractable than he, 1 May, 1877. 2 September, 1878. 112 THE UNION BOAT CLUB were less efficient ; and so the day x came when the Captain was instructed to reengage Aleck at a price not exceeding his old pay. Thus the first janitor of the Boat Club, after a deposition of nearly four years, was restored to full power. And three years later, his brother, William McCormick, was engaged as his assistant. One good-natured gibe at Aleck occurs in the log for November 7th, 1886, which records the setting forth of three courageous members of the Club in a life-boat * after the Daisy' which had dragged her anchor before a heavy westerly wind and sea. ' The best service was done by one on the float — Clarke — who met the cold and wet mariners with rope and flask in hand. No officers on deck, except Aleck, and he stayed there.' There is a suggestion in a vote of November 13th, 1893, that William as well as his brother was sometimes difficult to manage, for the Executive Committee were requested not only ' to furnish the janitors with suitable uniforms ' but also to ' compel them to wear them.' But it was with sincere sorrow that the President announced at the same meeting that Aleck McCormick had resigned, the janitor of the Club * for so many years.' His health was breaking, and he died in 1895. At the regular November meeting of that year, the Presi- dent referred with much feeling to the death of old Aleck, saying that his funeral had taken place from the Club House, and that many members had been 1 March, 1882. THE EVEN TENOR 113 present. And Dr. Vickery, who spoke of seeing Aleck at the hospital in his illness, said ■ he thought that all would have forgiven him his occasional cross- ness, had they been aware how great a sufferer he must have been in the last years of his life.' At the same meeting the President spoke of the difficulty of the Executive Committee in finding a suitable man to serve with William. There had been four changes within a year. But James Flannery at last was found, who has worked faithfully and efficiently for the Club now more than seventeen years. He has been the head janitor since William's retirement. That event occurred in 1903, though for several years * men had spoken of him as ' our old janitor of faithful service ' in a way to suggest that he was showing his age. Then at the April meeting in 1903 came the statement from the Captain that William unfortunately seemed to have outlived his usefulness. It was, moreover, his wish to resign, that he might live quietly in a little house which he owned at South Weymouth. No less loyal to the Club than his two prede- cessors, James Flannery has been generally esteemed by the members. He has been assisted in recent years by George, then by Daniel Mahoney, and finally by Joseph Kneeland. When the new Club House was opened in January, 1910, it became evi- dent that it would require a special janitor, and so 1 See records of meeting of November 8, 1897. 114 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Thomas Scanlan was put in charge of it, like James, devoted to the interests of the Club. Thus the Club has got so far from the simple nineteen years when it had no janitor at all, that now it has three. Though it has had vicissitudes in dealing with some transitory assistant janitors, it has been fortunate in those who have served it for any length of time. A feeling for discipline in the early seventies shows itself in other ways than in the vote making the janitor a police officer. At least one member came near expulsion, not only because he had violated a by-law 1 by leaving his boat on the raft instead of seeing it properly housed, but also because in dis- obedience to another 2 he had gone out rowing one hot afternoon without his shirt. Since he had not replied to the President's letter of remonstrance, the Club, after the Executive Committee had duly ' pub- lished his misdemeanor,' requested him to resign. 3 Three weeks later the action was reconsidered on receipt of an apology from the guilty party, ex- plaining satisfactorily his failure to answer the President's letter. He was let off with the admoni- tion to read the constitution and the by-laws carefully. There seems also to have been more modesty in those days than now. In June, 1871, the Executive Committee voted that ' members be forbidden to bathe from the rafts.' No exception was made even for 1 XXVIII of the present by-laws. 2 XXX of the present by-laws. 3 September 5, 1870. THE EVEN TENOR 115 the amplest bathing-suit. This vote, apparently never repealed, has not, during the recollection of most active members, been honored conspicuously in the observance. Nor does the present interest of strollers along the Embankment in natatory efforts of the Boat Club suggest that observance is necessary in deference to public opinion. In the seventies, too, much attention was paid to the minutiae of uniform. Votes, like that of December 6th, 1878, reminiscent of those of the fifties and sixties, are continually found in the records, namely, that ' the uniform of the Club be a navy blue reefer, trousers, and cap; and a navy blue and white jersey.' Nearly every year saw some minor change in the uniform till 1882, when the question seems to have been settled by the under- standing 1 that it ' rested with the Executive Com- mittee ... to prescribe what the uniforms should be.' Since then discussions of uniforms do not figure in the records. More sensible to-day seem the propositions from time to time for making the club-house comfortable. Soon after the new building was occupied, the Presi- dent was authorised to purchase stoves for it at his discretion. But the house was always hard to warm. More stoves had to be bought, ceilings and walls were variously sheathed, and double windows put on. As for bathing facilities, though a vote of 1877 sanctioned a new tub and a shower bath, there seems 1 Annual meeting, November 13. 116 THE UNION BOAT CLUB to have been no good plumbing for the first ten years. The bath-room, which remained on the ground floor in the southwest corner, was much smaller than the one later put in at the head of the stairs in the northeast corner. Nor were there Club towels in those days. Each member supplied his own till the later eighties, when an experimental appropriation was made for buying towels. In 1891 this became permanent. The Club was equally slow in sanctioning the convenience of a telephone. Though the Executive Committee were instructed in 1891 to consider putting one in, they did not decide to do so till 1899. Meanwhile the equipment of the Gymnasium had been properly cared for, as had also the furnishing of the house, and the supplying of the reading-room with newspapers and magazines. Occa- sionally there is record of a gift from some gener- ously inclined member of the Club, as of a spy-glass from H. W. Preston in 1873, or of a picture or a contribution to some periodical. There is no record of the refusal of any gift. As you looked from the Club floats up the river in the early seventies, conditions were not so very different from what they had been twenty years before. True, the houses along 6 the mill-dam ' had stretched out to Dartmouth Street, and most of the Back Bay south of Beacon Street had been filled in. But you could still row up Muddy River to Brook- line Avenue, or through the marshes to the mouth of Stony Brook. It was to be still nearly twenty THE EVEN TENOR 117 years before the Harvard Bridge should break the expanse of the Basin to the west, and almost as long before stone embankments should keep the flood tides from washing over the Cambridge marshes to the Grand Junction Railway. And though the river was not so clean as when the Boat Club first knew it, for many summers yet oarsmen were to find the Charles an agreeable stream for swimming. The favorite swimming-places were 6 Sugar Loaf ' and ' Horse Shoe.' The former was ' a steep little hill of yellow gravel on the southwest side of the Charles River, above the Longwood Bridge, between the river and the Brighton Road. The hill originally dropped sharply to the river, but was cut away enough to permit ' the Boston and Albany Railroad to pass, and between the track and the water was a good bank for bathing. ' Opposite, on the Cam- bridge shore,' that is, at the lower end of the present Cambridge bathing-beach, ' stood the old powder magazine and wharf,' a tempting objective point for strong swimmers. * Sugar Loaf was finally wholly removed to help fill the Back Bay.' * t Horse Shoe, probably so named from the large numbers of horse-shoe crabs there to be found, was situated on the Cambridge marshes, near old Fort Washington.' For years now it has been * buried deeply under gravel filling behind the stone retaining wall. This was the more popular bathing place be- cause of its nearer location, and the older volumes 1 W. S. Eaton's Sketch of the Club, 1874-84. 118 THE UNION BOAT CLUB of the Club log-books bear the frequent entry of " Horse Shoe and swim." ' * The dates of the first and last swims of a given year vary considerably, both because of the natural variation in seasons and because there was never a rule for logging swims as there has always been for logging rows. In 1875 the first record of ' Horse Shoe and swim ' came as late as June 25th ; the last was September 17th : * Thetis? with four men, ' up river and swim.' In 1877 one hardy man recorded a swim on the 20th of May, pretty early when one reflects that it was sea-water in the Charles then, and that sea-water north of Cape Cod is seldom in- viting for a dip before the middle of June. There is even one record of ' Horse Shoe ' on the 20th of April. 2 But one cannot help doubting whether this meant a swim. At times men sought their swimming farther away than the Charles River, as frequently at Point Shir- ley. Once at least there is record of what might be called a swimming party there, when on May 30th, 1877, the Union, two singles, and one double wherry went to Point Shirley for ' dinner and swim.' And sometimes the log has suggestions of involuntary swims, as on June 8th, 1877 : 6 Water between draw- bridge and mud flat a poor place to take a bath. / have been there. 9 The vogue of involuntary swims increased considerably in 1910 with the introduction of sailing-canoes. 1 W. S. Eaton. 2 1880. THE EVEN TENOR 119 From the early eighties, ' Horse Shoe ' ceases to be mentioned in the log-book. In fact mention of any swimming becomes subsequently infrequent — partly because few places were left for it in the river and partly because men more and more got out of the way of logging swims. It is still the custom not to log them, but with the recent purifying of the Charles, swims have become usual again. By the present rules, however, of the Metropolitan Park Commission, they are permitted now only at certain places, of which fortunately the Club float is one. The date of the first row, because always recorded, gives more information about the variation of sea- sons than the date of the first swim. From these and other records, it is apparent that years have differed widely in weather. There have been open winters and hard winters, late springs and early springs, and now and then a summer so windy and rainy as to lessen the rowing appreciably. ' The winter of 1874-75 was so . . . cold that, in spite of the . . . tide, the whole basin froze over and heavy ice extended all the way up the river in close contact with all piers and walls, so that pas- sage between it and the shore was easy and one could skate, as several members did, from the boat- house to Watertown and beyond. It was practicable even to skate through the draw-ways of the bridges. . . . Rain water frozen on the surface of the river ice made a fine surface for skating which was en- joyed for several weeks by large numbers of people. 120 THE UNION BOAT CLUB ' On February 22, 1875, there were many horses and sleighs on the frozen river basin as well as upon many parts of Boston Harbor.' 1 Improving their opportunity, * certain enterpris- ing members of the Club constructed an ice-boat which was a novelty on Charles River and was much enjoyed by them.' 2 The Club likewise took advantage of the heavy ice to make a careful survey of the rowing courses. Three members 3 surveyed the mile and the mile and a half courses, ' establishing ranges for their verifi- cations, and measured the course from Longwood Bridge to the boat-house, the finish-line being the line of the face of the wall bounding the estate on the west side of Otter Street. ' This latter course had always been called two miles, but was found to measure one mile and 4500 feet, or 1.85 miles. The quarter-mile and half-mile points were marked on the wall with paint.' 4 In 1885 cold weather lasted so long that no boat got out before March 29th. And in 1903-04 the last bit of blue water for a long time was seen about Christmas. After that ice locked the river fast for nearly three months. In 1887 the winter was unusually open. On January 30th three men in the America rowed six miles, to ' East Boston and up river.' Men were i W. S. Eaton's Sketch of the Club, 1874-84. 2 Ibid. 3 George S. Rice, Charles H. Williams, and William S. Eaton, Jr. 4 W. S. Eaton. THE EVEN TENOR 121 out again on five days in February. In all, despite 1 floating ice,' which is mentioned in nearly every entry, there are fourteen rows logged before March, an unusually large number, though one or two pulls before March are recorded in most years. Again, 1889 had an unusually long rowing season; there was rowing on ten days in January, four in Febru- ary, and on six days after the rafts were taken up on December 2d. The next season opened soon after, with seven days' rowing in January and seven more in February. 1894 and 1897 likewise saw seasons of rowing from January till near Christmas. Occa- sionally there is a solitary midwinter entry, like that of E. B. Robins, who on the 2d of January, 1876, pulled four miles up river and recorded 6 no signs of ice anywhere.' With no entries near, either before or after, one is puzzled whether to call this the closing row of one season or the opening row of the next. 1888 saw one of the occasional seasons when wind and rain make possible less rowing than usual. Simi- larly the log explains a small mileage in 1895 as due to bad weather for the greater part of the summer. And many years have seen strange freaks of weather. Anyone who was in Boston on the 5th of July, 1909, the day of the City regatta — for the Fourth had fallen on Sunday — will remember not only that a northwest gale roughened the Charles so that in the eight-oared race three or four crews were swamped, with the sad result that one of the St. 122 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Alphonsus crew was drowned, but also that the tem- perature was so low that it was uncomfortable to sit in the shade without an overcoat. On September 28th, 1873, on the other hand, some sweltering indi- vidual wrote in the log, * Hot as — at Boat House. At 5.30 p.m., thermometer was 82° in the shade.' Another heated oarsman recorded on March 26th, 1903, that passing Thompson's Spa at 4 P.M. he had seen the thermometer 75° in the shade. In 1882, though, there was a brisk snow-storm on the 16th of March. In 1890, on March 19th and 20th, there was a driving snow-storm and sleigh-bells sounded from the streets and bridges. And in 1887, when the rafts were towed away for the winter on Decem- ber 2d, the log records ' very cold weather, ther- mometer marking yesterday morning 7° above 0.' In tides, also, there have been considerable varia- tions. 1898 saw two, one in January and the other in November, each of which the log called, ' highest tide on record.' But since the construction of the Charles River Dam, the Boat Club has had no more chance to be interested in the phenomenon of tides. The craft in which Union oarsmen have ploughed the waters have been of about the same nature ever since the Club got into its own house. Though * Boat Club ' does not mean necessarily a rowing club, that is what the Union Boat Club has been. Sailing has never held great favor, though almost always the Club has owned some sort of a sail-boat. THE EVEN TENOR 123 In 1873, to be sure, the motion was lost that the 1 Executive Committee be requested to purchase a sail-boat for the use of the Club '; but in 1886 the Daisy was riding at anchor off the Club floats, if not occasionally moving over the water under the guid- ance of Club skippers. At least in that year the log says that she sailed one day in May up to Long- wood — two whole miles ; and in November it says that she dragged her anchor, but that was not under the guidance of club skippers. But though this Daisy did spend most of her time, as it were, blush- ing unseen, the abstract idea of sailing was still pop- ular with the Club. It was voted at the annual meet- ing of November, 1893, that the Executive Committee should purchase two sailing dories. The next April, it was reported that the sailing dories would be ready within a fortnight. They are scarcely ever mentioned in the log, and some years later the Cap- tain reported that they had been very little used. The sailing-canoes which have been recently intro- duced may prove more popular, for they offer possi- bilities of racing not possessed by any earlier Club sail-boats. Their second season, though, has shown them less popular than their first. Of the more used boats of the Club we get in 1873 a full account in the report of a committee that had been appointed to consider the navy of that time. The flagship was unquestionably the eight- oared barge Union. The names of the other boats, as reported by the Committee, were of the same 124 THE UNION BOAT CLUB nature as those used both before and since, — Argo, Evadne, Ariadne, Curlew, Petrel, Bittern, and the like, except for the Barnacle, that single-scull lap- streak shell, of speed not mentioned, though prob- ably well known, which was given to the janitor after vain attempts to sell her. As to the kinds of boats, the list differed from that of 1870 only in that one * gig ' had disappeared. It differs from the list to- day in that now there are five or six Randans to one then, and several canoes, whereas then there were none. In all, there were sixteen boats in the Club navy in 1873. Since then the number has fluctuated, from seventeen in 1879 to fifty-five (apparently in- cluding canoes) in 1892, named in the Captain's re- port as * in good condition and conveniently housed.' At present 1 there are, exclusive of canoes, thirty boats in the Club navy. In 1874 it appeared that the Lotus, a single wherry, was used most — two hundred and fifty-six times. She had been rowed in all 1053 miles. The eight-oared shell, Argo, was used only twice and pulled only eight miles. In 1902 the Cap- tain's report named wherries and light shells as the most popular boats; in 1903 it named only wherries, which have generally been the boats most used. Naturally the expenditure for boats has varied considerably from year to year. A long time may pass without any boat's needing extensive repairs : 1 1911. THE EVEN TENOR 125 then several boats will give out all at the same time. In the spring of 1875 seven new boats were added to the Club navy. Naturally, too, plenty of un- solicited comment, both favorable and unfavorable, on new boats has always found expression in the log. In 1882, for instance, there was much difference of opinion regarding recent acquisitions. Some found them very uncomfortable and cranky; others lamented that they ' could n't even get a look at the new boats these days.' Then a man trying a ' new Blaikie ' in another year found her all full of sharp corners, which cut * the calves of one's legs.' To which the reply, unsigned and unsympathetic, ' Toughen your calves then.' The number of miles pulled in the boats of the Club has varied remarkably with the seasons. Or perhaps it would be more accurate to say, the num- ber of miles logged, for the Lieutenant or the Cap- tain, whichever reported the matter at the annual meeting, has been inclined to ascribe the fluctuation to the facts that some years there is more crew row- ing, instead of single rowing, than others, and that members often fail to log their pulls. Still these do not account entirely for the varying mileage ; nor can it always be explained by other causes. There was a considerable falling off in the season of 1898 — from 6287 miles for the previous year, to 4253 — which was glibly ascribed to the Spanish War. In 1899, however, without any such unusual reason, the mileage fell off further, to 4187. The next year 126 THE UNION BOAT CLUB it rose to 4787, an increase of six hundred miles. In 1901 it was less again by over eight hundred miles. This was one of the years when the Captain believed that the members neglected to log their pulls. On the whole, the mileage, since the Club possessed its own house and land, increased fairly steadily through the seventies till it reached its high-water mark in the eighties. From 1880 to the Spanish War, the average was 7270 miles. The summer of 1886, with 7464% miles, was pronounced a success- ful season; but the great record was the next year — 13,077% miles, five thousand ahead of 1886, and more than double the mileage of any previous sea- son. Next best to this was the mileage of 1891, 10,048. Some years, a very considerable portion of all the rowing was done by only a few men, as in 1882, when the Lieutenant reported that ' G. A. Sargent, A. B. Ellis, and Dr. F. C. Shattuck rowed nearly one fifth of the total.' The next year, E. B. Robins was first with a mileage of 768%. Since the sudden shrinking of the logged mileage of the Club in the year of the Spanish War from 6287 to 4253, less than any year since the early seventies, it has not got back to its average for the previous twenty years. Its highest has been 5197 in 1902. In 1906, again, there was a respectable mileage, 5123%, which was very good, considering the fact that rowing was stopped, because of the THE EVEN TENOR 127 construction of the Charles River Embankment, in October. The next spring it was impossible to get a boat from the club-house to the water through the chaos of stone, earth, and mud that in time was to be an esplanade. The Club accordingly arranged with the Boston Athletic Association, likewise forced from their old location by work on the Embankment, to have quarters in their floating boat-house by the Cambridge shore, a little below the Harvard Bridge. But that was far to go, and men naturally did not feel free as they did in their own quarters. About the middle of July, when the Embankment was be- coming less chaotic, the courtesy of the contractors allowed the Club to establish one of its own rafts in front of the club-house. Then anyone who did not mind lugging a boat over the very uncertain footing of an esplanade in process of construction had a chance to row again from the boat-house. Men did not avail themselves of the chance with avidity. Probably this season showed the low-water mark of rowing in the whole history of the Club since the Civil War. In 1908, though the Embankment was still under construction, access to the water was easier, and there was a fairly respectable mileage, 2473% miles, largely through the zealous work of Messrs. Robins, King, and Simmons. But even with the completion of the Embankment in 1909, and the occupation of the new boat-house for half the season, that year and 1910 are far below the old rowing average of 128 THE UNION BOAT CLUB 7270 miles. In 1909 the mileage was only 3479l/ 2 miles; in 1910, 50613/4. 1 Of course there have still been races in the last forty years, though no longer such epic contests as those of yore, when the Ariadne distanced the whale- men at New Bedford, and the Boat Club, almost to a man, went to Springfield, to back the Harvard Y-Y against Yale. Ever since 1866 there have been races for the single-scull championship of the Club. The prime mover in instituting these was John D. Parker, Jr., a prominent Boat Club oarsman, through whose in- strumentality a silver cup was offered as the prize indicative of the championship. The cup was to be held by the winner till he was challenged to another race and defeated. Mention has already been made 2 of the first race for it, which was rowed on May 7th and won by E. B. Robins. Three times more that summer there were races for the single-scull championship, of which Robins won the first, F. W. Sargent the second, and King the third. Thus Robins was the winner in two out of the four cham- pionship races of the season. Though nothing was said in the rules for regattas, agreed upon that same summer, 3 about the number of races each year for the single-scull cup, it came to be understood that there should be one early and one late each season. They were all to be over a 1 Cf. Appendix E. 2 Ch. V, p. 82. 3 In September. Cf. p. 82. THE EVEN TENOR 129 two-mile course. Any member winning the cup should give his receipt for it to the Treasurer, pledging himself to return it to the Captain at least two days before the next race for it; and to replace it with one similar in all respects, should it be lost while in his possession. If any member re- tained the cup against all challengers for two years — that is, the equivalent of four successive races — it should be his for good. In the first years of competing for the Championship Cup, Club boats were generally used, drawn by lot; in later years private shells were used. 1 At first there was no provision for a second cup, in case the one procured for the Club by Mr. Parker came permanently into the possession of one mem- ber. But with the new constitution and by-laws of 1870, were also adopted new ' Champion Rules,' on the whole simpler than those of 1866 ; and Article V was, ' The prize shall be a silver cup to be pro- vided by subscription.' Clearly the intention was that after the cup was permanently won, another should be made. Thus in 1871 the Committee ap- pointed for the purpose reported that they had obtained a new cup, which they showed at a meeting of the Club, and were then discharged. Also after William Appleton, in October, 1872, received the cup as his own, having won it the requisite number of times, there was a subscription for a new one. However, when there came further simplification 1 W. S. Eaton. 130 THE UNION BOAT CLUB of these rules in 1888, 1 which were changed from 6 Championship ' to 8 Regatta Rules,' there was hardly mention of the Single-Scull Championship except in one of the seven articles; and though it was declared 2 ' The emblem of the championship of the Union Boat Club shall be a solid silver cup,' no provision was made for replacing it, after it had been won for good. Thus, while theoretically there is a permanent emblematic cup, in practice there may be years when it does not exist. 3 In these revised Regatta Rules there was explicit statement of what we have seen came to be the common custom after the first year of Single-Scull Championship races : 4 ' There shall be a Spring and Fall Regatta at such dates and for such races as the Regatta Committee may appoint. A race for the Single-Scull Championship of the Club shall be held at each Regatta.' The testimony of the » Log Book is, however, that interest in the Championship Singles has sometimes been so slight that either they were not recorded 5 or not rowed. Yet most of them have shown good oarsmanship, and some must have 1 They were adopted by the Club April 2. 2 Article V. 3 It depends on the Executive Committee to replace the cup whenever they see fit. The cup they bought in 1900 cost $25. At the previous annual meeting the President had spoken of the need of providing a new cup. 4 Article III. 6 Once at least, there seems to be proof that a race was rowed without being recorded. The Club records have a vote of September 4, 1871, that the Autumn Championship Race shall take place be- tween September 20 and October 1. William Appleton must at THE EVEN TENOR 131 been exciting contests, as when I. H. Houghton in June, 1881, came in only six feet and a half ahead of Charles Torrey. Still, it must be said of these races in general, as Mr. W. S. Eaton x said of them in the seventies and early eighties : ' They never created as much interest or enthusiasm as they should have. The number of entries was never large, and sometimes a single member rowed over the course alone.' There have been times subsequently when not even this formality was observed. More than once may be read in the records of the Executive Committee a vote like the following : 2 ' that owing to lack of interest, the spring Club races be dropped this year.' Nor has interest been very keen in other races within the Club. Most have been scratch races, with varying numbers of entries — sometimes only one class, again several classes (of late years including canoes) with various entries in each. Sometimes in- terest has been stimulated by the offer of a cup, as in 1888, when good weather brought out a large audience on June 2nd, to see two fours in a race of a mile and three quarters. 3 It was won with only half a length to spare by the so-called ' Old Men.' That was evidently a year when interest in boating ran high, for two weeks later three hundred spec- least have rowed over the course, for he received the cup the next year, which meant four consecutive victories. But there is no entry of the race in the log. 1 Sketch of the Club, 1874-84. 2 May 9, 1893. 3 There was a turn in the course. 132 THE UNION BOAT CLUB tators turned out to see the spring regatta. But enthusiasm must have waned towards the end of the season, for the fall regatta brought out only one competitor for the Single-Scull Championship. Then again there has sometimes been resort to a water tournament, as in 1890, or something else unusual, to rouse interest in Club regattas. Among more unusual races were two in 1874 be- tween the crew of the Glaucus, or the ' Old Men ' as they called themselves complacently, because none of them were really old, and the crew of the Triton or the ' Kids,' who were even younger. The inception of the races had been at the Fast Day dinner, when talk about rowing so stirred the enthusiasm of one man present that he offered four pewter cups as prizes for a four-oar race. Immediately crews were formed which began zealous practice in the two fours named — boats with primitive sliding-seats and no provisions for coxswains, ' for at that time the bow oarsman had to steer by a yoke attached to his stretcher, and he was not thought much of a man if he could not pull his share of the boat and at the same time lay a straight course from the boat-house to the Longwood bridges and take his boat through the draws without slacking speed or touching an oar.' * The race for the pewters was rowed at high water on May 11th, over a course of two miles with a turn ; and to the chagrin of the ' Old Men,' who had 1 W. S. Eaton. THE EVEN TENOR 133 been the first crew to organise and who were pretty confident, the ' Kids,' who had entered with some trepidation, were the victors. The ' Old Men ' then made some change in their crew, persuading the stroke of the * Kids ' to come over into their boat ; and since Dr. William Appleton, who belonged to neither crew, offered a second set of pewters, an- other race was arranged for the 5th of June. This time the men of the Glaucus felt so sure of victory that when they went to buy the cups, seeing some silver water-pitchers which they liked better, they immediately added enough from their own pockets to the money presented, to buy the pitchers, confi- dent of winning them themselves. Events proved, however, that there may be many a slip in the matter of a pitcher as well as of a cup, and also that the title of ' Old Men ' was not entirely a misnomer. For at the stake, when the Triton had only a small lead, ' one of the Glaucus crew, who was quite " done up," ceased rowing and exclaimed, " I 've a wife and family at home and ought to know better than to get into this foolishness. I 'm too old for any more races ! " ' And so the Triton ' Kids ' won the prizes confidently bought by the Glaucus men, and were naturally surprised to find what they were. Then, in 1886, two sailing-canoes of the old- fashioned decked kind, named Ripple and Iris, drew more than common attention to themselves and so had a brief season of fame. On June 27th they engaged 134 THE UNION BOAT CLUB in a contest which the log records as ' Race between Ripple and Iris. One mile double-blade paddle and return under sail. Ripple led to mile stake, put up dandy sail and distanced Iris by over half a mile to Union Boat Club. The Iris carried her large sail, wind very puffy and squally and strong. The Cap- tain of the Iris, while he regrets his defeat, was glad to get in at all.' But the Iris had her revenge, as shown by the log for July 4th: ' Sailing Race between Ripple & Iris to mile stake & return. Wind easterly, light. Ripple carried one sail, Iris two. Iris won by about ^ mile. The Captain of the Ripple desires to note that he would n't give a for canoes for windward work.' No more rivalry is recorded between the Ripple and the Iris, unless it may be read between the lines of the log of October 23d, which chronicles an achievement of the Iris unparalleled by any of the Ripple. ' Five miles up the river, caught a bird, breed unknown. B-ll-ck says grebe, Dr. Appl-t-n says shelldrake. I don't know. E-t-n agrees with Dr. A. Chased him half an hour . . . This is the latest illustration of the sporting qualities of the canoe.' Club contests in the new sailing-canoes have not lacked excitement either. On some gusty afternoons in the summer of 1910 — the first year of these canoes — it seemed as if the most pressing need of the Club was a fleet of life-boats. THE EVEN TENOR 135 Nearly every year has seen some contest worthy of record with oarsmen outside of the Club, as one day in the fall of 1874, and again in the City Re- gatta of the Fourth of July, 1875, when Union men were victorious on Jamaica Pond, where regattas were frequently held in the seventies. On each occa- sion a Club four entered the mile and a half race, 1 which involved four trips across the pond with three turns; and W. S. Eaton, Jr., won the single-scull race — three quarters of a mile with one turn. Only the most remarkable, however, of such contests shall be mentioned ; to chronicle all would be to swell this history to mammoth proportions. In the years '76 and '77, indeed, there is nothing to chronicle. They quite lacked racing enthusiasm, despite talk and promises at Club meetings to pro- mote it. A challenge in the spring of 1877 from the Harvard second crew for a race in six-oared shells was laid on the table. The next spring, however, a four-oared race was arranged between a picked crew from Harvard and one from the Boat Club. It was rowed on the 18th of May, in two Union boats, Amphitrite and Neptune, exactly alike, over a two-mile course — from the Club House to the mile stake and return — and was won by the Boat Club crew in the Amphitrite, with Francis Peabody, Jr., as stroke. For a while after this, in neither records nor 1 In the July race, 1875, the Union crew, which was got together hastily without any training, won the second prize. 136 THE UNION BOAT CLUB log-book are signs of interest in racing, beyond the customary tender of the hospitalities of the Club to strangers on regatta days. But in 1883 an eight-oared crew was organised, which took its first row on March 27th, using the eight-oared paper barge. The intention was to keep the crew together at least till the regatta on the Seventeenth of June, and to arrange several races with Harvard crews, but its plans had to be given up. It did succeed, however, in having one race with the Freshmen, and an impromptu race with the 'Varsity. The race with the Freshmen, rowed on the evening of April 19th, was, according to the Boston Herald of the next morning, * one of the most interesting races ever rowed on the Charles River.' The crews, the same authority says, took their positions a little over a mile and an eighth upstream shortly before six o'clock. The Freshmen were inside, and so had slacker water than the Union men. The 'Varsity crew, though not entered in the race, took its position just outside of the Union boat and rowed over the course for practice. ' The water was smooth, but a strong tide was running up against the boats, so that a flying start was taken. ' Colonel Bancroft, coach of the Harvard crew, held the rudder lines for the Freshmen and stood up in the stern of the boat during the race. He got out of the men all that was in them, encouraging, entreating, and expostulating in a voice that could be heard ... at West Boston Bridge.' THE EVEN TENOR 137 The Union crew, after a start that put them half a length ahead, seemed well able to keep their lead or increase it over both Harvard crews. Despite the Freshmen's efforts to cut down this lead, it in- creased to seven eighths of a length. Though the Freshmen now steered out towards the Union crew, apparently to drive them into the strong current and make them work harder, Peabody, the Union captain and stroke, ordered the coxswain to hold his course. Two or three times the oars of the crews touched, but the race went on. * Half a mile from the finish Harvard rallied and after a vigorous effort . . . they drew to within half a length ' of the Union crew. But the latter rallied, too, and ' rowed across the line a quarter of a boat's length to the good. . . . The time of the race was not taken.' * The Boat Club was not so successful in arranging a formal race with the Harvard 'Varsity. This was agreed upon for the afternoon of the College Class Races, May 10th, but the Harvard Captain had to ask for a postponement on account of injury to one of his men, which the Boat Club could not agree to, because two or three of their crew found them- selves obliged to stop rowing sooner than they had expected; and so on May 5th it was decided to call the race off. But that very afternoon the 'Varsity 1 The Union Boat Club crew consisted of the following: Francis Peabody, Jr., captain and stroke, R. H. Dana, Jr., F. W. Smith, Nathaniel Brigham, Robert Bacon, W. S. Eaton, Jr., C. H. Williams, R. Heber Jones (bow), and S. Walker, coxswain. 138 THE UNION BOAT CLUB rowed down to the Union Boat Club, and just as they were starting back to Cambridge, the Boat Club crew were ready to go out for their final pull before disbanding. A race was arranged on the spur of the moment up to the Longwood Bridge. It proved of such interest that a long account of it appeared in the Herald of the next day. ' The Harvard crew started a few feet behind the Union boat, but further out in the stream, where they had the benefit of a little stronger tide, and before a dozen strokes were pulled, it was evident that they were to have a hard race. ' As the crews sped ... up the river, the Union eight drew gradually away from the crimson blades, until they were nearly a length ahead. Then the 'Varsity spurted and closed up half a length, but the Union crew in turn let themselves out and again drew away. This was kept up to the Brookline * Bridge, when both crews stopped, with about a length and a third of open water between them, and both were pretty well blown. . . . ' The Union eight 2 were well handled by Bacon at stroke, who in the absence of Peabody, acted as captain. He, with Brigham and Smith, pulled the stroke in vogue at Harvard of late years, while the others exhibited various styles. . . . ' At the conclusion of the race the Harvard men 1 That is, Longwood Bridge. 2 The eight on this occasion were: Robert Bacon (stroke), C. H. Williams, Nathaniel Brigham, F.W. Smith, R. H. Dana, W. S. Eaton, Jr., I. H. Houghton, R. Heber Jones (bow). THE EVEN TENOR 139 congratulated their competitors, and Capt. Ham- mond said it was a square beat.' Occasionally there were other impromptu races. In May, 1888, a Union crew in the Argo had another successful brush with the 'Varsity; and the year previously the Vesper, with five men, returning from the Mystic River ' beat six-oar gig from Wabash in two heats.' * The institution of Labor Day in the nineties gave new stimulus to racing. By offering com- petition with outside crews at the end of the sea- son, it led men to keep in training for racing all summer. A victory in the Junior Doubles by H. C. Cushing, Jr., and F. Tudor, Jr., in 1893, brought to the Boat Club the first of many Labor Day laurels. The year 1899 was an especially busy one in rac- ing. Apart from the regular Club races, the Union Boat Club participated in the regatta of the Metro- politan Rowing Association on June 17th, in which a Union four-oar 2 won a prize, and in some scratch races — on the day of the autumn regatta of the Club — with the Boston Athletic Association. But the great event of the season was the twenty-seventh Annual Regatta of the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen, held on the Charles River under the auspices of the New England Amateur Rowing Association, which the Boat Club had voted to join 1 Log Book, April 14, 1887. 2 G. B. Magrath, R. P. Blake, Hugh Cabot, and A. S. Hardy. 140 THE UNION BOAT CLUB in 1887. 1 The prizes were paid for by money raised by subscription, to which the Union Boat Club con- tributed $300 — a sum quite made up by receipts from the sale of seats on the roof and on a stand erected on vacant land next to the Club House. The weather on the two days of the regatta, July 28th and 29th, was excellent, and there were many spectators. On the whole, the regatta was eminently successful. Since then there has been no regatta of equal im- portance on the Charles ; but there have been smaller ones on holidays, as Labor Day and the Fourth of July, in which the Club has taken part. It has had informal races besides from time to time with neigh- boring clubs, as a relay race with the Boston Athletic Association in 1901. 2 Among the more notable of such contests was a two-mile race in 1902, 3 with the eight of the Millstreams of Chelsea. Only a quarter of a mile from the finish the Millstream crew were a length ahead, but the Union boat won by eighteen feet. Then, too, since the institution of the so-called American Henley, Union Boat Club men have gone off to compete in regattas on the Schuylkill, several times with marked success. And so the Boat Club has very properly been in- terested in racing from the victories of the Ripple and the Wave at Hull in 1853 to the present day. This interest, however, like that in rowing in general, has varied unaccountably from year to year. On 1 At the meeting of April 4. 2 September 25. 3 June 7. THE EVEN TENOR 141 the whole it has been relatively less in later years than in the fifties and early sixties, as is but natural. Then every one of the score or two of members entered the Club to become an active oarsman. Now- adays many men come into the Club because of its facilities for winter exercise; and others, though with a very genuine interest in boating, care more for the freshness and beauty of the river than for the attainment of speed and skill. Moreover, there cannot be the community of interest in a large Club possible in a small one. Nor have Boat Club men made so much use as they might of the rowing coaches who have been employed from time to time — not even in 1901, when the Club enjoyed the services of Mr. Wray, who has since been so successful with Harvard oarsmen, nor at present, when it enjoys the services of Mr. Haines. Of course 1907 and 1908, when the Boat Club was cut off from the water by the construction of the Charles River Embankment, were bad years for racing. But the use of the nearly completed new Boat House by visiting crews in the Fourth of July regatta of 1909 marked the beginning of new facili- ties for regattas. Since then, with informal scratch races at midsummer celebrations, and with frequent success in City regattas on the Charles and the ' Hen- ley ' on the Schuylkill, the Club has attracted most of the recent Harvard 'Varsity oarsmen who live in the neighborhood of Boston. It is well pleased with its able coach, Mr. Haines, under whose direction 142 THE UNION BOAT CLUB it has had one of the most successful seasons in its history. All in all, the prospects of the Union Boat Club in rowing are brighter than they have been for a good many years. The Club in these later years has kept to its old hospitality. Harvard boats, and boats of all other clubs in Boston waters, have always been welcome at the Union rafts. 1 Oarsmen coming from out of town to Boston regattas have generally made their head- quarters at the Boat Club. At the regatta of the National Association of Amateur Oarsmen on the Charles in 1899, 2 the house was taxed to the utmost ; about seventy-five visiting oarsmen and shells were quartered in it. In entertaining the visitors, the Union Boat Club was cordially aided by the Boston Athletic Association, as it has been on similar occasions. As long as the old house lasted, guests were invited to it to see regattas, and tickets to seats on the roof were sold to the public if any were left after they had been offered to friends of Club members. Frequently on the Fourth of July holders of City tickets for the Judges' boat have used the Club raft ; and sometimes the City Band has played from the Club roof. Al- ways on the days of Harvard Class Races, the hos- pitalities of the house have been tendered to the Har- 1 On two occasions when Harvard crews have asked to borrow Union Boat Club boats — in 1871, to use a four-oar on the Fourth, and in 1876, to use a six-oar for a month — the Club has not been willing to make the loan. 2 See p. 39. THE EVEN TENOR 143 vard crews and their friends ; and often tickets to the roof of the old house, each admitting * a gentle- man and ladies,' were sent to the President of the Harvard University Boat Club. 1 Arrangements also have always been made, by which outsiders, sometimes on payment of a small fee, sometimes without pay, might temporarily enjoy some of the privileges of the Club. For three years in the seventies, 2 tickets were issued at five dollars apiece to persons duly approved by a committee, en- titling them to use the Club House for fencing and sparring, and gymnastic exercise in general, from November till April. Unneeded boat-room was leased then and subsequently to the Dolphin Boat Club ; 3 and when its members found themselves in some financial straits, their request to postpone pay- ment of rent was readily granted. On the other hand, the request of a bicycle club for room in the Boat House was refused, since the Club itself needed the room. But in 1900 the Executive Committee gladly co-operated with the Boston Athletic Association in helping schoolboy crews; and ever since the Boat Club has made some arrangements for their conven- ience. In the spring of 1902, some students of the Institute of Technology were invited to row from the Club House. The Captain of the Boat Club, 1 In 1873 fifty such tickets were sent; in subsequent years, a hundred. 2 1877, 1878, 1879. 8 The Dolphin Boat Club used the smaller room on the ground floor, later known as 'the Canoe Room.' 144. THE UNION BOAT CLUB commending this plan at the spring meeting, said that it had always been the policy of the Club to encourage a better class of oarsmen, and that he hoped the use of the Club by a few ' Tech ' men might lead to the establishment of a Technology Boat Club. But since the ' Tech ' men could get no boat that year, not much came of their rowing. In the springs of 1910 and 1911 they had the privileges of the Club again, this time with such success that in one or two impromptu races they were unkind enough to outrow their hosts. Nothing in the records shows when more convivial hospitality began in the form of ' smokers ' and the like, and nobody seems to remember. They were the natural outgrowth of those winter evenings in the old days when the Club was small and struggling, and members would gather round the stove in its one room, and talk over plans for the next summer, and sing the Canadian Boat Song, and other songs, to keep their courage up. As the Club grew, such meetings inevitably became less frequent and larger and more formal. Still they appear to have been without formally arranged programmes till compar- atively recently. At the annual meeting of 1895 1 the statement was made that * smokers ' 2 had never been very successful. Perhaps it was because there 1 November 11. 2 The first time the word 'smoker' occurs in the records is in the report of a meeting of the Executive Committee, December 20, 1890. It was voted then to arrange a 'smoker,' but nothing is said about it later. THE EVEN TENOR 145 had been too many, as we may infer from an appro- priation one winter for four of them. Though the Executive Committee did nothing to give new interest to the ' smokers ' that year, they planned two for the following winter with fairly formal programmes. At the first x the Glee, Banjo, and Mandolin Clubs of Harvard gave a concert, to the great pleasure of an audience of about a hundred and fifty. At the second, 2 at which seventy-five were present, there were legerdemain tricks, and music by a quartette. Both smokers were pronounced emi- nently successful. That same year after the spring meeting, a ' re- ception ' was given to Mr. R. C. Lehmann, who was then coaching the Harvard crews. There was music by the Bohemian Orchestral Club, and beer and ale and cheese, and of course after the formal concert was over, plenty of song from the whole company. Since then winter ' smokers,' 3 with more or less definite programmes, have become an established Club custom. Though none have been dull, some have been more interesting than others, notably that of March, 1911, with its novelty of boxing and wrestling matches. To all these, members have had the privi- lege of inviting guests, as they have had to the recent delightful suppers — following the informal midsummer races — which have been served on the 1 January 8, 1897. 2 February 25, 1897. 3 Some years there have been two 'smokers,' but latterly the tendency has been to have only one. 146 THE UNION BOAT CLUB * deck ' of the new Boat House in the summer twilight. The annual dinners, which seem now a well-estab- lished custom of the Club, date from only a few years back. The first was at the Exchange Club on Decem- ber 19th, 1907. According to the Captain's report, the dining-room was decorated ' with Boat Club ban- ners and other emblems and on the table were two twelve-foot sweeps.' About forty members were present, of whom those who had represented the Club in open regattas wore Club ribbons, blue and white, across their shirt-fronts, thereby creating ' much jealousy among those members whose energies had been devoted solely to hand-ball.' The Captain also says that * cocktails and other things were served from a large bowl . . . before the dinner,' but the Historian, who was likewise present, while remember- ing the cocktails, thinks that the ' other things ' ex- isted only in the Captain's excited imagination. He agrees, however, with the Captain's further state- ments that ' there was no formality . . . and that the whole spirit of the occasion was one of geniality and warm fellowship ' ; that 6 a chorus which the Captain . . . had got together sang with splendid enthusiasm but with some occasionally disordered ideas as to time and tune ' ; that the speeches of Mr. T. T. Baldwin, Dr. Magrath, ' full of splendidly sounding words and long, well balanced sentences,' Dr. Beth Vincent, and Mr. Henry Parkman all met with much favor; that the Captain sang a song ' in which he voiced THE EVEN TENOR 147 certain general sentiments in regard to various mem- bers of the Club, including two doctors and several gentlemen,' which song had better not be printed ; and finally that the meeting broke up ' with compara- tively little disorder.' At the next dinner, which was on December 9th, 1908, there were about sixty present. This, also at the Exchange Club, was quite as much of a success as the preceding one. The next year there was a change in that the dinner, which was on January 8th, 1910, marked the house-warming of the new Club House and was accordingly served in the new building, then thrown open to members for the first time. About a hundred and twenty-five were present. Nothing was done especially to commemorate the occupation of the new house, but natural interest in it and delight at finding it so commodious and pleasing put every one in the best holiday humor. The dinner was so successful that at the next annual meeting, the Club voted to have the following annual dinner in the Club House, and there it was served in December, 1910. Before these annual dinners were instituted, the Club had dined together on only a few occasions. There was an attempt in 1871 to start the fashion of an annual dinner that should be held towards the end of May to commemorate the anniversary of the Club. At a meeting of the Executive Committee on May 16th, at which the dinner was called both the 1 annual ' and the * anniversary dinner,' it was voted 148 THE UNION BOAT CLUB to have it on the evening of the 26th, the Club's birth- day, on which day also the Championship Cup race was to be rowed. The next year preparations for the event were more elaborate, for it was the twenty-first anniversary of the Club. The day was celebrated on the 25th, for the actual twenty-first birthday fell on Sunday, and a committee of three was appointed ' with full powers to make all the necessary arrange- ments for a proper celebration ... at an expense not exceeding $10.00 per man.' 1 There was to be a four-oar race in the afternoon and also a single-scull race, for which Mr. J. A. Iasigi presented a silver pitcher as a prize, and in the evening a dinner at the American House. There was a good attendance at the regatta, in which H. A. Stevens won Mr. Iasigi's pitcher; and the dinner went off with all the jollity and spirit suitable to the occasion. Nevertheless, there seems to have been no third ' annual ' or * anni- versary ' dinner. 2 The next important Club dinner was one held at the American House early in the eighties to pro- mote greater interest in rowing, to which the Harvard crews were invited. On May 26th, 1891, the fortieth anniversary of the Club, fifty members dined at the Thorndike. Ten years later came the greatest anni- versary of all, the fiftieth, in 1901, which was ob- served on Saturday, the 25th, since the 26th fell on 1 Monthly meeting, May 6, 1872. 2 At least there is no record of it, and members of the Club in 1873 cannot remember any. THE EVEN TENOR 149 Sunday. At the annual meeting of the previous No- vember the Club began its preparations for the event by voting that a special committee of fifteen should be appointed to see that the day was duly celebrated — the committee to consist of the President, seven old members, and seven other members named by the Executive Committee. It is little wonder that such a large committee proved unwieldy and had to be subdivided, one part arranging for the afternoon of the celebration and the other for the evening. At the spring meeting the Vice-President, in the absence of the President, informed the Club of the plans for the day — races and sports on the river in the after- noon, and in the evening a dinner at the Hotel Somer- set, notices of which had been sent not only to pres- ent but also to former members. When the great day came, the weather was disap- pointingly cold and stormy. It put something of a damper on the races and other river sports in the afternoon. But on the dinner at the Somerset there was no damper. Over a hundred were present, in- cluding among the more distinguished veterans those good oars of the late fifties and early sixties, W. H. Carpenter, E. M. Chamberlin, Alfred Whitman, George M. Smith, H. B. Rice, and Daniel Webster Rogers, the founder of the Club. Despite its enjoyment of conviviality, the Boat Club has steadily refused to install either a bar or a restaurant in its quarters. What has always been its prevailing sentiment found formal expression as 150 THE UNION BOAT CLUB far back as July 17th, 1861 : * That no intoxicating drinks, including ale and beer, be allowed on the premises except by permission of the Directors.' The Directors, however, have always given their permis- sion that ale and beer be allowed, along with crackers and cheese, at Club meetings, and on some other occa- sions, such as the old Fast Day celebrations and the later ' smokers.' There have generally been a few members, though, who would have liked to see a grill-room in the Club, with its attendant drinks; and on two occasions, at least, sentiment for this has grown fairly strong. After the Club got into its own house in 1870, and again when the old building was torn down in 1909 and the new one planned, a good many men thought that some provision should be made for serving lunches and suppers. But the sense of the majority was still the same as that of the Executive Committee when some years before, 1 after careful consideration, they had ' deemed it inexpedient to establish a grill- room.' Nevertheless, this habitual temper of the Club has not prevented the serving of some substantial repasts within its walls. In the old house, hearty meals were served on at least two Fast Days, paradoxical as the statement may sound. At each of the suppers al- ready mentioned on the deck of the new Boat House, there has been as substantial a meal as a warm sum- mer evening justifies. And we have seen that for 1 The opinion expressed at the annual meeting in 1891. THE EVEN TENOR 151 two years 1 the annual dinner was in the main Club House. As long as Massachusetts held to the institution of Fast Day, the Club kept to the custom which had obtained since 1855, of making it the official opening of the rowing season. Probably, even if there is not always record of it, a ' Fast Day Committee ' was appointed to arrange for the day. Once, at least, 2 it was appointed as early as the 1st of March. That such length of time was not necessary is apparent from the records of 1875 when a committee of three, appointed on April 5th, had only three days to make their arrangements ; yet no less than thirty members of the Club sat down to the Fast Day dinner, — * a very enjoyable occasion.' It is to be hoped that it was, for they made a day of it, leaving the Club House at eleven in the forenoon and not getting back till eight in the evening. The number of men present at these Fast Day dinners varied from year to year unaccountably. The year before that when there were thirty, there had been only eleven; the year before that, only eight. Once 3 there were only three, but the previous Fast Day there had been twenty-four. As a rule the number was between twenty and twenty-five. In 1879 Brighton was abandoned as the objective point of the Fast Day excursion, and City Point, 1 January, 1910, and December, 1910. 2 1880. 8 1886. If more were present at the dinner, there was no mention of them. 152 THE UNION BOAT CLUB South Boston, was substituted. This made the row to and from the dinner, through the busiest part of Boston Harbor, across the tracks of the ferry-boats and by warships and ocean liners, more interesting than the pull up the Charles, where the only craft met were row-boats or a coal barge or a schooner in the convoy of a tug. And so for thirteen years, representative oarsmen of the Union Boat Club pro- claimed that the rowing season had opened by brav- ing the perils of the Harbor and dining at City Point. ' McElroy's ' was the hostelry which they usually favored. 1 In 1892 came another change. A notice, duly sent out, declared that on April 7th at eleven o'clock promptly, there was to be a row in the Club boats, and that at one there would be served in the meeting- room a ' chowder-chop-steak dinner. . . . Tickets, including beer and music, two dollars and fifty cents each.' It is evident that the innovation met with approval, for the Captain at the next annual meet- ing said that the Fast Day dinner in the Club House instead of at ' McElroy's ' had been a great suc- cess. But it was not repeated. The next year only lunch was served at the Club House, at the cost of fifty cents, which had been duly advertised in the following notice : 1 I am assuming that the celebration occurred as usual in 1884, though it is not chronicled in that year. THE EVEN TENOR 153 U. B. C. Fast Day, April Sixth. Opening of the Rowing Season. Weather permitting, an excursion will be made up the river in boats and canoes, starting at 10.30 a. m. It is hoped that the rowing men will turn out in force. Lunch (roast beef, salad, beer &c. ) will be served at the Boat-House at one o'clock. Tickets fifty cents each. Each mem- ber may bring one guest. After lunch the Entertainment Committee will give their last Smoker. The Fast Day Committee requires members to fill out and mail the enclosed post card on or before Tuesday, April 4-th. For the joint Committee. In 1894 the movable holiday of Fast Day was abol- ished, and Patriots' Day was fixed on the 19th of April, to take its place. There is no record of the Club's attempting a celebration of the new holiday in its first year, nor of its having any spring excursion at all; but the next year an attempt was made to transfer the excursion of the old holiday to the new one. The eight-oared Argo made a forenoon trip up the river on Patriots' Day, and on her return other members of the Club — the number is not mentioned — sat down with the crew of the Argo to lunch. The log says, ' Beautiful, warm still day. Lunch 1 p. m. at Club House. Music, beer, etc' In 1896 again there was a Club lunch on Patriots' Day, 154 THE UNION BOAT CLUB with twenty-five men present. No subsequent cele- brations of the day are recorded. Probably the idea of making it take the place of Fast Day was given up, because, as already suggested, 1 the third week of April seems unreasonably late for even the official opening of the rowing season. 2 No doubt it was the established success of the Fast Day Excursion that led a crew of eight with a cox- swain to go out for a long morning row on the 30th of May, 1893 — the last year of Fast Day — which they called the ' Decoration Day Excursion. 5 If they thought thus to establish another regular holiday excursion, they failed; the Decoration Day row did not become a custom, nor did a tentative ' Club Day ' ever win favor. One such was appointed for Satur- day, the fifth of May, 1877, a singular date, if the purpose was to commemorate the birthday of the Club, the twenty-sixth — a day, by the way, which 1 Ch. III. 2 Mr. W. S. Eaton compiled a list of the Fast Day excursions during the ten years whose history he recorded, showing the date of each, with the destination and number of boats and members at- tending, which list is appended because the celebrations mentioned are probably typical: April 2, 1874. Charles River Hotel, Brighton . April 8, 1875. " " " . . April 13, 1876. " " " . . April 12, 1877. " " " " . . April 11, 1878. Albany Hotel, Faneuil, Brighton April 3, 1879. Point Pleasant House, So. Boston April 8, 1880. Point Pleasant House, City Point April 7, 1881. April 6, 1882. April 5, 1883. City Point, So. Boston .... >ats Members 2 15 6 30 4 25 4 24 3 19 2 20 5 23 1 15 3 29 1 9 THE EVEN TENOR 155 ought to be more noticed by the Club than it has been. But no record is preserved of this ' Club Day,' nor does it seem to have been repeated. In fact, no regular holiday excursion of the Boat Club has ever been successful except the Fast Day Ex- cursion, a well-recognised institution from 1855 to 1893. A new custom of the Club which developed in the seventies and flourished about twenty years was ' Get- ting the Rafts.' This was no child's play but man's work, done in March or early April, more often than not under far from ideal conditions of weather. Gen- erally there was a dinner at Young's afterwards — there ought to have been always — a good man's dinner too, to compensate for the man's work, with thick beefsteak smothered in onions, washed down with plenty of Bass. ' Getting the rafts ' was the expedition of the Captain, assisted by at least four or five — some- times eight or ten — volunteers, in strong row-boats to the marshes along the river, where the Club floats had been secured late in the previous autumn. Some- times they had settled so deep into the soft soil of the marsh that digging was necessary to get them free; at other times they were so imbedded in ice that they had to be cut out. And always the work must be done at just the right tide, when there was the least extent of marsh land to roll the rafts over; for of course in order to prevent their washing away in a winter storm, they had been floated to the marsh at 156 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the highest tide of the previous November or Decem- ber, and then rolled up far enough to be secure. When they were once launched again, it was generally too much to tow them to the boat-house and put them in position all in the same day. Usually the rafts were pried into the water and towed to the boat-house one day, and some time later fixed in their proper places. This last was only a humdrum matter, the chief requirement for which was plenty of time ; but ' getting the rafts ' proper required thought and strength and patience. It was some- thing of an adventure, and that is why it became a Club institution. ' Putting away the rafts,' the natural precursor of ' getting ' them, was not so interesting, for the same reason that shutting up or dismantling a house is not so interesting as opening or furnishing one. Nor was it so adventurous; it did not involve diffi- cult digging or cutting out. ' Putting away the rafts,' therefore, is not mentioned particularly in the Club records : it never became a recognised * custom.' The first record of ' getting the rafts,' which reads as if the custom was already established, is in the log for April 3d, 1871. ' Monday evening, 10 p. m., brought rafts down from up river, and anchored off front of house.' Evidently they were not well secured, for: * Wednesday, April 5, a. m., gale washed spars from under inside raft, & bridge washed off from middle, but found uninjured inside Cambridge bridge.' THE EVEN TENOR 157 At the end of that season there was trouble again. On December 7th the rafts broke loose and floated up the river; but they suffered no harm and were put safely in winter-quarters. They were housed then on the banks of one of the several little creeks in the salt marsh just south of the river, near the present Bay State Road. For eleven years more x the rafts were kedged up to this little Brookline creek every autumn, and down again every spring. Then it would seem that the owner of the marsh charged too much for storage, for the Club voted to settle to the best advantage a bill for marsh rent for the winter of 1880 and '81, amounting to $45, which appears excessive. The next year the rafts were sent not upstream but across the river to the marsh near the Safe Works in Cam- bridgeport. After several seasons there they changed their winter-quarters to the marsh between the Cam- bridge bridges. Then, when the Cambridge embank- ments were built, the rafts had to move again, this time upstream to a place on the Cambridge shore not far below the railroad bridge. Since the Cam- bridge embankment has been carried up there, the rafts have been housed for the winter near the Cottage Farm Bridge, on the Boston side of the river. Members of the Club now for upwards of twenty years have given over the tasks of housing and ' get- ting ' the rafts themselves. These have been per- 1 That is, till 1882. 158 THE UNION BOAT CLUB formed under the direction of Mr. Gabriel Farrell. Sometimes the rafts have been towed up to their place and back again in the spring by one of the tug- boats that ply on the Charles River, but of later years they have been laboriously towed along the embankment by hand. The adventures of both ' putting away ' and c get- ting ' the rafts varied from year to year, largely ac- cording to the weather. More than once they would drag their anchors (as we have seen in 1871) before they were fixed in the spring, and so have to be towed back into place. In 1875, when the spring opened late, the whole sixth of April was spent ' in cutting one raft from the ice.' The following day the raft at last was cleared, hauled off the marsh at flood tide, and brought to the Club. But not till the 26th were the other two rafts ' taken off the marsh with jacks and screws and brought down river.' The coldest trip the rafts ever made was in 1887, on December 2nd, when, with the thermometer only a little above zero, they were towed by * Mattie Sar- gent ' — presumably a tug-boat — ' to winter-quar- ters near Cambridge Bridge.' Though this was later than usual to put them away, they were still later in 1884, for which year we read under date of Decem- ber 15th: 'After unusually fine and mild weather for the season, the rafts were kedged to the Cam- bridge shore.' In '92 the floats were not up till December 23d, and in '96 there was good rowing till the last float was towed away on December 21st. In THE EVEN TENOR 159 1873, on the other hand, the record appears as early as the 5th of November : ' took rafts up river and secured them on the marsh.' The earliest removal was in 1906, when the rafts were put away on the 25th and 26th of October, but that was in consequence of the construction of the Embankment. The next spring, as we have seen, the Boat Club was raftless, and its members rowed from the house of the Athletic Association near the Har- vard Bridge till about the middle of July, when the courtesy of the contractors enabled the Club to have a float of its own by the Embankment in front of the Club House — the latest date on record for putting a Club raft in position. A similar arrangement had to suffice for the next season and for the beginning of the one after that ; but in that year, 1909, the Em- bankment was virtually completed. So was the new boat-house. And so by the middle of the summer, the Union Boat Club had its rafts once more in front of its own building. To show that ' getting the rafts ' was not one unmitigated round of fun and frolic, it is necessary only to quote the account in the log for 1883, which relates an experience that was probably typical. 'Getting the Rafts.' 1 March 1 8, Sophia William S. Eaton, Jr baling with bucket J. H. Ransom, Jr bow E. F. Peirce stroke 160 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Halcyon H. Parkman bow R. H. Jones stroke Alex (janitor) baling with kettle Columba J. E. R. Hill J. Schroeder. .boat newly varnished and tight H. L. Harding ' The above party, filled with the usual Spring enthusiasm, left the Boat-house at 2.30 p. m. and pulled to where the rafts lay, near the Safe Works, on Cambridge shore, north of West Bos- ton bridge. ' Landed at low tide through very soft black mud. ' Crew of Columba soon returned home carry- ing Peirce, who returned alone in the boat, bringing coats and jerseys. ' Rafts were " high and dry." Chopped ice away, placed all boats, tools, and rigging on rafts, built fire under lee of wall and waited, cold and supperless, for high water to float the rafts. ' Tide was high at 8.15 p. m. but did not move the rafts (low course of tides). ' Having beguiled the weary hours with songs, stories, and dreams of food, &c, we were finally compelled to abandon our plan, and reached the boat-house at 9.15 p. m. in the Halcyon and Columba, having left the Sophia, with hope that some one might steal her. * Unloaded tools and rigging and housed boats. Weather cold after sunset. Wind S.S.W. strong. Sky cloudy. < W. S. Eaton, Je., Cap't. U. B. C THE EVEN TENOR 161 Rowing has never been wholly dependent on the rafts. Both before they were in place and after they were taken away, there have always been enthusiastic souls to venture out on the river ; and we have seen 1 that the varying seasons have caused considerable variation in the dates of the first and last rows, for the honor of logging which there has always been some rivalry. We have seen also 2 that Mr. E. B. Robins was frequently the first man out and the last one in. Through all the years he holds the record of the Club for both early daring and late persistence. Among his chief rivals for these honors have been Messrs. King, Eaton, C. H. Williams, W. B. Clarke, Courtenay Guild, and R. P. Blake, and Dr. G. B. Magrath. East Day excursions were not the only ones that the brethren of the Boat Club indulged in. In the logs of the seventies one reads fairly often of four 3 or six 4 men, or perhaps more, going for dinner to the Charles River Hotel or Point Shirley, in which latter case the entry is likely to be ' for dinner and swim.' In the eighties entries of such rows become rarer and rarer till they finally cease. Sporadic attempts in late years to revive the old custom of combining a row with a good dinner have not succeeded. There were still Sirens at Point Shirley in those 1 P. 119. 2 P. 93. 3 Ariadne, May 18 and May 24, 1873. 4 Evadne, June 1 and June 22, 1873. 162 THE UNION BOAT CLUB days — one of the reasons perhaps for its popularity with the Boat Club. In 1871 two men, logging their pull down the harbor in a double lapstreak, added: ' Dined at Point Shirley (Louisa) .' Was she Louise, logged in 1870 as ' fairest of the fair,' the same that supplanted the much more logged Nellie? On that important point, the Muse of History is silent. No enchantress is celebrated in the log of '72, but the Evadne and her crew of six met and duly reported one in '73, as witness the entry for June 1st, — * Din- ner, etc., Julia, etc' Yet only three weeks later, when again a crew of six pulled to Point Shirley — four of them of the very crew that had feasted their eyes on Julia — the entry in the log is, ' Dinner served by Annie, who fills Louisa's place.' Verily consolation doth follow loss quickly: Nellie from Lawrence, pretty and ' kind of lonesome ' ; Louise (or Louisa), 'fairest of the fair'; 'Julia, etc.'; and then ' Annie, who fills Louisa's place ! ' Annie was the last of the line. Since her name appears, there is no hint in Boat Club records that its doughty oarsmen have ever again heard the song of the Siren steal soft o'er any waters. We have seen * that in the early days a moonlight excursion on some fine autumn evening was one of the institutions of the Club. If the custom was observed scrupulously, the records are defective, for there are several years in which no such excursion is mentioned. From the records of 1870, however, we may infer 1 Ch. III. THE EVEN TENOR 163 that it had become regular, for it was voted, 1 owing to the unusual calls on members for money that year — the year of building and furnishing the Club House — that it was best to omit the autumn excur- sion. But for several years subsequently it gener- ally occurred, though it was not always recorded. Ladies were invited, and as a rule the barge Union was used because of its roominess. The largest num- ber of passengers the Union is recorded as carrying on one of these excursions was thirteen, 2 of whom only one was a man. After 1878 such excursions, if they still occurred, are not chronicled. There were also occasional moonlight parties — they were not large or formal enough to be called excursions — in summer, which in point of fact one would think a better time for them than autumn. Often not more than four or five ladies would be in- vited to these 3 — a favored few as compared with the dozen or so of the regular autumn excursion. Then there were more venturesome excursions to which no ladies were invited. On June 17th, 1890, twenty-three men went in two boats to Nahant and back, an unusually long trip for such a large number. They were an hour and three quarters on their way down, but on account of heavy wind and sea, three hours on their way up. Though substantially the same party made a similar trip on the next Seven- 1 October 3. 2 September 6, 1873. 8 July 9, 1873, Union with crew of eight and coxswain, and four ladies, ' up river by moonlight.' 164 THE UNION BOAT CLUB teenth of June, an excursion on that day did not become a recognised custom. In most excursions the barge Union played the most important part. For more than twenty years you find her trips recorded in the log — up the Charles to Watertown, up the Mystic River to the Mystic Ponds, down the harbor to City Point or Point Shirley, and less often to farther places, as Squantum and Hull. Finally, in 1896, comes the entry : * Nov. 9. Old eight-oared barge, Union, broken up, her usefulness being past. Pieces of her carefully preserved, however. ' Chas. E. Loud, Capt.' These pieces, the bow and the stern, are hung on the walls of the present Club House. With the Union, large Club excursions ceased. What we may call cruises, however, — such as we hear of in the sixties, of only a few men, at least for the day and sometimes for several days — have found favor with some members of the Club down to the present. In fact since canoeing began, inland cruises have gained in favor, for a canoe offers greater facilities than a row-boat for a trip on the little rivers of New England. But such cruises will best be considered when we come to canoeing. The old-fashioned cruises in wherries or other strong row-boats have become infrequent since the seventies. A typical one, suggestive of that of King and THE BARGE UNION THE UNION IN MYSTIC POND THE EVEN TENOR 165 Lambert in '68, 1 was made by F. W. Sargent and E. B. Robins in '71. Starting on the eleventh of July, they dined at Point Shirley, which they left early in the afternoon, notwithstanding the fact that Louisa was then weaving her spells there. A heavy rain forced them to put in to Lovell Island to spend the night. The next day, having gone by way of Gloucester and the Annisquam River — they make no mention of the old ' Squam Encampment ' — they got to Salisbury Point. The third day they started at eight in the morning, and at half past ten arrived at Rye Beach, where they stayed four days. They went back by rail. A still longer trip Hall and Eustis made in August, 1890, to York Harbor. As far as Annis- quam, they took the same route as Robins and Sar- gent. Thence they proceeded by Plum Island Sound and Black Rock Creek. They had been rowing-mates for years, for in 1879 they are recorded as pulling together to the Mystic Ponds and back. The big Union herself once made a trip that may be called a cruise rather than an excursion. A party of fifteen, setting forth in her on a fine summer morn- ing, 2 left the Club House at half past nine o'clock. An hour and five minutes later they were in Shirley Gut. An hour and three minutes after that they were landing at Nahant, where they had lunch. At twenty-two minutes of three they left Nahant, and at twenty-two minutes of five reached Marblehead 1 Cf. Ch. V. 2 July 7, 1889. 166 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Neck. They dined at the Eastern Yacht Club, and then went by stage to Salem and by train to Boston. Once only is there record of a cruise with ladies, an inland cruise. On October 23d, 1873, two gentle- men of the Club, each with his sister as passenger, started up the river from Watertown, whither the men had previously rowed the boat. They reached Charles River Village on the afternoon of the next day, and there left the boat, which was sent back by train. When canoes were coming into use but were still not common, there were several cruises of a canoe and a row-boat together, as in October, 1880, when a birch canoe and a boat went in company to Dedham and back. And in early June, 1885, after Eaton had made a trip in a private Saranac boat all the way up the Charles to Medway, he had his boat car- ried over from South Natick to Lake Cochituate, where he fell in with Folsom in a canoe. Then they made the trip that Boat Club canoes have frequently made since — by way of Lake Cochituate and the Sudbury, Concord, and Merrimac Rivers to the sea at Ipswich. From there Eaton took his Saranac boat across Ipswich Bay, through the Annisquam River, and then along the shore of Cape Anne to Beverly Farms for the summer. In this same Sara- nac boat Eaton subsequently made a record pull from West Beach, Manchester, to the Union Boat Club, in five hours and two minutes. It is not necessary to mention all the short cruises UP THE MYSTIC RIVER W£M *W * A * * &l *' km ■■■: :•< *^kWlj%f *■■■■ ' S Pr*'- J \ ' Me it $ ' ' "'' '' ^ / 9 Jt* f)i LUNCHEON THE EVEN TENOR 167 that have been logged from summer to summer, as to Nahant or Nantasket and back. Perhaps they should be called anyway long rows rather than short cruises. Some of them are certainly very long, as W. S. Dennett's, in the Cygnet, 6 Quincy, Neponset, Moon Island, down the harbor, etc., 36 miles.' 1 Two other long harbor cruises or rows were those of F. Welch, G. A. Haines, A. A. Martin, and W. S. Hall, in the Columba, 2 4 Nahant, Hull, Nantasket Beach,' 40 miles ; and of J. J. Eustis and W. S. Hall, in the Columba, ' Hull, Downer's Landing, Straw- berry Hill, etc., 40 miles.' Though not frequent, still such trips have not been so rare as to call for notice here unless they were marked by some unusual circumstance, and few have been. The visit of F. S. Clark and W. B. Clarke to Medford on the Fourth of July, 1881, would not have been noteworthy had they not found the Minerva Rowing Club — a male organisation, despite its name — a scene, because of the holiday, of activity and jollity, to which they were most cordially welcomed. But the row of Bul- lock in August, 1882, up the Maiden River in the Albatross and back, a distance of sixteen miles, does deserve mention because the scenery of the Maiden River has not generally attracted Boat Club men. The same gentleman later in that year took another unusual pull, all alone in the Bittern to the Outer Brewster. Messrs. King, Simmons, Robins, and Selfridge 1 August 15, 1875. 2 July 4, 1878. 168 THE UNION BOAT CLUB have been the principal long-distance rowers of late years. Of these, the first two have perhaps rowed more often together than any other pair in the whole history of the Club. The log tells that there have been few summer Sundays since 1903 or 1904 that Simmons and King have not spent several hours of the day in the Evadne. Theirs has not always been fair-weather rowing either, as witness the 19th of August, 1908, when the twain went to Gloucester with such a strong east wind and rough sea, that they had to keep under the lee as much as possible, thereby lengthening the course to forty miles. And now the Muse shall sing of an experience un- known to the Club in its earlier — as happily also in its later — years, namely, warfare with ' muckers,' in the sense in which the word is used by students at Cambridge. Waged in desultory fashion in the eighties, it waxed acute in the early nineties, and then came to an end through the action of the public authorities. Deserving though it be of mention in song and story, only meagre records of the conflict are preserved in the Club archives ; but fortunately further information may be derived from the recol- lections of Mr. Eaton. 1 The trouble arose from ' muckers ' of various ages gradually acquiring the pernicious habit of throwing ' mud, stones, and all sorts of missiles at oarsmen passing near shore or under bridges, feeling secure from pursuit because of the impracticability of their 1 Sketch of the Union Boat Club from 1874 to 1884. THE EVEN TENOR 169 victims landing promptly from their light craft.' Probably the younger riparian males had always harbored some inclination thus to harass rowers. At any rate, as early as I860, 1 those gentlemen who had been subjected to ' very saucy answers ' from the girls who were rocking their boats, and yet chival- rously refrained from punishment, met with still further annoyance returning to the boat-house. ' On coming through Brighton Bridge were pelted with stones by urchins on the bridge.' This entry takes the affair so much as a matter of course that one might think the offence usual, but there is nothing in the log to suggest the occurrence of similar offences for twenty years. Then such outrages became fre- quent and several boats came near being damaged by them. On one occasion, ' an enormous piece of coal, pushed from where it was carefully balanced on the edge of a bridge, narrowly missed sinking a canoe.' Another time, ' a boat with lady passengers received about a bushel of disagreeable street sweep- ings from a bridge in Cambridge.' Complaints to the police did little good; either policemen were in- different, or they were unwilling to compete with the offenders in foot-races. But then, as the chronicle suggests, it should be recorded in their behalf, ' that they were apparently not modelled for speed.' Nor were oarsmen themselves, on the rare occasions when they did land to pursue their tormentors, often able to take effective vengeance. Once, to be sure, 1 April 1. 170 THE UNION BOAT CLUB an oarsman, who had been fusilladed as he was pass- ing under the West Boston Bridge, returned to it so quickly from the boat-house that he was able to catch the boy who had stoned him. Since the police- man whom he appealed to refused to interfere, he himself took the offender to the Joy Street Police Station. The officer in charge at the Station took the name and address of the boy and directed him to appear the following day for investigation. But when, accompanied by his parents, the urchin did appear, washed and dressed so well that the oarsman could hardly recognise him, the identification was not strong enough to outweigh the mother's tearful tes- timony ' to the perfection of her son's character and to his particular aversion to stone-throwing as an amusement.' The boy went home unpunished, smil- ing complacently. At last conditions grew so bad that in 1890 at the spring meeting, 1 the Club voted to give the Execu- tive Committee full powers to concur with the Bos- ton and Cambridge police in stopping persons from throwing missiles from bridges or otherwise annoying rowing men. At the annual meeting in the following autumn, the President reported that in consequence of the vote, the Mayors of Boston and Cambridge, the Boston Police Commissioners, the Cambridge Chief of Police, and the Bridge Commissioners had had a consultation. As a result, all draw-tenders and assistant draw-tenders had been appointed special 1 April 2. THE EVEN TENOR 171 officers, with orders to arrest anybody who mali- ciously annoyed oarsmen. Matters now began to im- prove, and after two or three seasons, peace and security reigned again. But before this happy con- summation, Boat Club men had several times taken punishment into their own hands and made their treacherous assailants feel the might of their blows. There was the case of ' Brown,' * who * rowing a shell under Longwood Bridge was stoned by three well-grown young men, and his shell was damaged.' The stone-throwers walked on towards Cambridge, and Brown took a few strokes as if going up river. But as soon as his tormentors ' were temporarily concealed behind a boat-house that stood by the end of the bridge, he backed down alongside the float and, asking a little boy, the only person there, to care for the shell,' he ran up the street in pursuit of the three. The good start which they had, had been reduced about half when they happened to look round and saw Brown after them. * Had they stood together, Brown's career might have ended there, but guilty consciences (and possibly Brown's apparent earnest- ness) lent them speed,' and so they ran as fast as ever they could towards Central Square. After half a mile Brown had nearly caught ' the biggest of the three, who proved less fleet than his comrades, and was about to grab him when (hoping to elude the grasp) the fugitive " ducked." Now Brown's knee-action was noticeably good and his 1 W. S. Eaton, Sketch of the Club. 172 THE UNION BOAT CLUB headway was even better, so that, in " ducking," the victim placed himself in the most ideal position to receive . . . Brown's . . . knee and full momentum just under his rear end. Had the other two " muckers " known the distance their friend could sail through the air under favorable conditions, they would doubtless have surrendered for the sake of see- ing his performance, but they disappeared in the distance while Brown jerked his prey to his feet and thrashed him till two old women threw open a window and yelled " Murder." Then, Brown considered wherewithal he was clad, and that was for the river, his toilet having ' consisted of socks, thin slippers, trunks, and gauze shirt ... as snug . . . and light ... as was practicable ; ' and of this none too ample costume, the slippers had been lost in the first three strides. Deciding that he was not ' dressed to make a creditable appearance in the patrol wagon, Brown trotted back to his shell, recovering his slippers on the way.' And then there was that administration of right- eous punishment on the eleventh day of May, 1893, which was truly Homeric. The entry in the log states only that the crew of the Argo ' spanked fifteen muckers who had thrown mud,' but that does but scant justice to the actual occurrence. 1 The paper barge, Argo, with her crew of eight and a coxswain, was peaceably making her way one after- 1 The story is told in Mr. Eaton's Sketch of the Club from 1874 to 1884, though the event was in 1893. THE EVEN TENOR 173 noon by the marshy shore opposite the old Harvard Boat Houses. The marsh then extended all along the Brighton side of the river from the Boylston Street Bridge to Western Avenue, where it stretched inland nearly half a mile — sticky, black soil grown over mostly with shore-grass and intersected by slimy drainage ditches. Now the edge of this marsh was a favorite bathing- place for the younger denizens of the nearest parts of Brighton. This particular afternoon was un- usually warm for the season and the tide was high. Consequently a crowd of between thirty and forty young men and boys had sought the refreshment of the water in the late afternoon, and were disporting themselves either in the stream or on its bank in their ' simple untrimmed " birthday suits." ' As the Argo ' passed by, many in this crowd threw hastily fashioned mud-balls ' (easily made from the sticky soil) w into her with such precision that the rowing shirts (some of which had been washed since the last season) were sadly soiled, while the expostu- lations of the wearers (polite of course) were met with rudeness and much profanity; but the crew proceeded up stream and around the bend before stopping for conference. ' The extent of the damage to boat, clothing, and feelings seemed sufficient to warrant retaliation and retribution, and it was agreed that the crew should row down past the marsh when returning, and that, if mud should be thrown again, as all believed (and 174 THE UNION BOAT CLUB of course hoped) it would be, the coxswain should steer the boat right up to land, the starboard oars being run across the boat, which should be left in charge of coxswain and bow, and seven determined avengers should be turned loose on the enemy. ' All worked smoothly ; the mud was thrown, the barge came to shore like a ferry boat into her slip, and the naked bathers were taken entirely by surprise. ' Through the kindness of an ever-watchful Provi- dence, it happened that an old lime cask had been stranded on the marsh at this spot, and it was re- duced by one kick to a loose bundle of staves, one of which was selected by each of the seven, and a start was made for victims. The smaller boys put their faith in our possible mercy and in their own lies (those " ever present helps in time of trouble ") and refused to run, so they were spared, but the big fellows seized each his pile of wearing apparel and ran off in sundry directions across the marsh. ' Now the writer knows from his own youthful ex- perience that it is far from soothing to one's feet to run carelessly over salt-marsh stubble, and, although he never tried it, he learned upon this occasion by observation that it is difficult to snatch all of one's wardrobe with one hand and simultaneously strike one's best gait, without risk of losing the smaller articles. As the pursued ran, barefoot and naked, with arms full of " things," and their speed acceler- ated by the judicious and hearty application of the THE EVEN TENOR 175 barrel staves, odd shoes, socks, and underclothes be- gan to drop here and there unnoticed by their owners. The . . . scene . . . reminded the writer of ah illustration in his old Robinson Crusoe, show- ing the pursuit of shipwrecked mariners by savages with uplifted tomahawks. His own two victims fool- ishly ran side by side, and so received alternately blows behind, responding to each with a howl and higher speed. 6 The open electric cars ran along the avenue towards which the writer's party was heading, and the passengers (from a horse race at old Beacon Park) were hanging on like bees around a hive and formed an appreciative audience, greeting the runners with words of encouragement and peals of laughter. And so we ran, pursuer and pursued, until one of the writer's pair, looking around, failed to see before him a deep ditch, full of water and covered with green scum and into this he fell, clothes and all. His pur- suer was so weak with running and laughing simul- taneously that he left him there; his mate may be running yet. * The view of the whole marsh, as the crew reas- sembled at the boat, was almost pathetic, for it was dotted here and there by the naked men sadly search- ing for lost articles of clothing, and as a general thing, soothing the damaged portions of their hides with at least one hand. ' The crew reached home a little later than usual. . . . Upon rowing purposely by the marsh the next 176 THE UNION BOAT CLUB evening, neither mud nor " language " was forth- coming, and there appeared to some to be an unusual stiffness in the movements of the bathers.' Such is the account, by a participant, of the most memorable land-battle in which the forces of the Union Boat Club have ever engaged. Apart from fights with i muckers,' few startling adventures have befallen the members of the Boat Club; fortunately, and rather remarkably, no seri- ous accident has come to any of them as oarsmen. Once, though, the log has a grim entry : ' M 21 1 C°l um ba 1 J ' Nautilus j Found male corpse in stream, towed to West Boston Bridge boathouse, delivered to officer 121 Boston Police — $5.00.' And Death has not always kept away from the club-house. Richard Hodgson died in it from heart disease while playing hand-ball in December, 1905. And in 1896 the janitor's little boy was drowned by falling from one of the rafts. Save for the drowning of one of the St. Alphonsus crew in the squally Fourth of July regatta of 1909, previously men- tioned, no other drowning accident in the river has affected the Club even remotely. For the most part, happily enough, not the Tragic but the Comic Muse has stood by, when the Muse of History has written down accidents in Boat Club 1 1875. THE EVEN TENOR 177 records. Sometimes, to be sure, these may have seemed serious, as when Clarke, Bullock, and Park- man, on a row to City Point, 1 ' rescued officers of steamer Australia of Anchor Line from sinking cat- boat.' Or again when the Daisy 2 ' sailed up to Longwood ; picked up three men who had been upset.' Probably on each occasion there would have been others to act as life-savers, had not Union Boat Club men been near. Besides, there was the singular accident of Dr. Rus- sell Sturgis on June 8th, 1894. Returning from a row up the river, he collided about two hundred yards from the boat-house with a shell of the Boston Ath- letic Association. Though a great splinter, eighteen inches long, pierced entirely through his ankle, he kept his boat afloat to the raft. Then with the splin- ter still in him, he drove to the Massachusetts Gen- eral Hospital, and had his ankle photographed be- fore the splinter was taken out. He was none the worse for his experience. But more often the disasters with which members of the Club have been concerned have been of the mildest. Thus when a crew of four and a coxswain 3 had gone up by the Cambridge shore, on the return they ' swamped and swam ashore by foot of Pinckney Street.' On two successive days in August, 1873, the four-oared Triton encountered a squall and was ' sunk nearly.' Many a boat, like a certain Randan, 4 1 June 5, 1881. 2 May 9, 1886. 3 April 11, 1881. * June 3, 1873. 178 THE UNION BOAT CLUB has ' navigated every flat in the basin ' ; or like an- other on the same day, has ' rowed up flat. Came back sharp. Natural result.' Almost every season some craft has got damaged by running into some- thing — anything from the Harvard Bridge (or, even more ignominious, the river-bank) to drift-wood — which adventures are seldom logged nowadays. The Historian himself on one occasion, rowing well out in midstream between the West Boston and the Craigie Bridges, suddenly felt and heard his wherry bump some object violently. He expected to find that he had collided with a barrel, forcibly enough, it seemed to him, to have stove in the side of the boat; but it was only the head of a man who had swum out from a group of bathers on the Cambridge shore. The swimmer, who seemed less affected by the shock than the wherry, declined all offers of aid, gave no ear to apologies, and struck out resolutely for the bank, but he was angry. The Historian, however, could not but think that since the swimmer could see where he was going without turning his head, and since the Historian at his oars could not, it was the duty of the swimmer to look out for the rower. However, though there are regulations that steam craft shall look out for sailing craft, and sailing craft for row- ing craft, the Historian has never heard quoted any admiralty law on the respective rights of oarsmen and swimmers in navigable waters. VII NEW WATERS SO far, we may say, the Boat Club, since its dar- ing voyages of discovery in the late sixties, those years of transformation, has ventured only little by little into new waters. In its greater barge, Union, the Union of its entire fellowship, we have not seen it make any subsequent excursion far be- yond the point to which its last one had carried it. But we come now to the history of excursions again into waters that were unknown. Two or three caused at the time no little apprehension to conserva- tive members of the Club, but we can see now that not one seriously threatened it with shipwreck. Among these far-reaching and for the moment dan- gerous-looking experiments, may be classed some of the changes in the constitution since 1870 ; if not radical themselves, they have been the result of changes forced upon the Club that were radical. Others, on the contrary, though important, have in- volved no departure from old traditions. We may as well, however, for the sake of convenience, speak here of all the more considerable changes in the Club's present, or fifth, constitution. Adopted in 1870, this was a logical outgrowth of 179 180 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the fourth constitution, which served the Club in the sixties. The limit of membership was what it had been made only two weeks before the expiration of the older constitution — one hundred and fifty. There were two more officers now than formerly; that is, besides the President, Captain, Lieutenant, Treasurer, and Secretary, there was a Vice-Presi- dent; instead of two Directors, there were three; and all together, instead of constituting a ' Board of Directors,' now constituted the ' Executive Com- mittee.' They were still to be elected annually the first week in March, only no longer on a Wednesday but on a Monday, which has remained the day for regular Club meetings. Monthly meetings were con- tinued, but the Executive Committee might at their discretion dispense with any which they deemed un- necessary, whereas previously the Board of Directors had been allowed to dispense only with meetings from November to February. The dues of each member were to be an annual assessment of twenty-five dol- lars, as heretofore, and an entrance fee of twenty- five dollars instead of only twenty dollars. Candi- dates for admission might be proposed at any meeting of the Club. If then ' favorably re- ported upon by a majority of the Executive Com- mittee,' 2 they were to be voted on in secret ballot by the whole Club at the next regular meeting. As a rule the Club in such cases only ratified the action of the Executive Committee. In short, there 1 Article XIII of by-laws. NEW WATERS 181 was nothing essential in the old constitution which was not incorporated in the new; but the new had two articles to which nothing in the old corresponded. One was on ' Property,' x a matter of more conse- quence to the Club in its new house with its new equipment than it had been when the Club was the uncertain tenant of Mr. Braman. The other was the article on the 'Agreement with the Union Boat Club Association,' 2 which naturally had not been needed before, since there had been no Boat Club Association before. The less important of the seven- teen articles of the old constitution were incorporated in the by-laws of the new one. The new constitution itself contained only nine articles; but its by-laws, relating to the duties of officers, meetings of the Club and of the Executive Committee, election of members, and the like, were three times as many as in the old constitution and more definite. The first important change in the new constitu- tion was an amendment in 1875 to make the limit of membership two hundred instead of one hundred and fifty. 3 The demand for membership still in- 1 Article V of the present constitution. 2 Article VIII of the present constitution till the entire article was struck out, June 15, 1909. 3 July 12. The change came about because two candidates were proposed when the Club was full, and there was doubt of the pro- priety of receiving proposals under such circumstances. Just when the Club got over its scruples about having a waiting-list is not recorded. In 1892, however, when it was announced at the annual meeting, November 12th, that there were twenty names on the waiting-list, the list had apparently existed for some time. 182 THE UNION BOAT CLUB creased so much that at a special meeting in 1889, 1 it was voted that the number of active members should be * exclusive of those of more than twenty years' continuous membership.' In 1902 it was proposed to increase this number to two hundred and fifty; but though the matter was discussed at the annual meeting, no action was taken. A greater expansion was proposed in 1909, when several con- stitutional changes were made to meet new conditions forced on the Club by the construction of the Charles River Embankment. To help defray the annual expenses, which were much increased by the necessity of maintaining a boat-house distinct from the club-house, it was necessary to receive more dues. Accordingly it was voted, at a special meet- ing on June 15th, to raise the number of active members to three hundred — as before, ' exclusive of those of more than twenty years' continuous mem- bership ' — and also to provide for not more than twenty life members, who should pay five hundred dollars each — these, also, in addition to the three hundred active members. Besides, provision is still made for honorary membership, as it has been from the early days of the Club. And so in all there may be in the Union Boat Club to-day, honorary members, twenty life members, a varying number of active mem- bers of more than twenty years' continuous member- ship, and three hundred other active members of less. With the increase of membership in 1875 to two 1 April 30. NEW WATERS 183 hundred, the ratification by the whole Club of the decisions of the Executive Committee in regard to candidates for election became more than ever a mere form. It was voted, therefore, in 1880, 1 to have a special committee to elect new members ; and the article of the constitution relating to officers was amended by the addition of the words : ' There shall be a Committee on Elections which shall be chosen at the same time and for the same period as the Executive Committee.' After this Committee on Elections had lived for twenty-six years, it oc- curred to the Club that its functions had been perfectly well performed in earlier days by the Executive Committee, and that there was no good reason why the Club machinery should not be simpli- fied by making the Executive Committee again the Election Committee, only without the old empty formality of the Club's ratification. And so at the November meeting in 1906, the clause of Article VII which had created the Committee on Elections was struck out, and all changes were made in the by- laws necessary to give the Executive Committee power to elect new members. 2 1 October 4. 2 When the Committee on Elections was created, necessary amend- ments in the by-laws were also made, providing that the Committee should consist of nine members, of whom the Secretary should be one ex officio. Probably it was by force of custom, since the Execu- tive Committee had previously had supervision of candidates, that in the first year of the existence of the Election Committee, five of its members — that is, a majority — were also members of the Ex- ecutive Committee. So it was the next year. The year after, only 184 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Another change, accomplished at the same time as the creation of the Election Committee, was the abolition of the monthly meetings, which had re- placed the weekly meetings of the first years of the Club. It was a wise provision of the new con- stitution that the Executive Committee might, at their discretion, omit any monthly meetings, win- ter or summer, instead of only in the winter, as previously. But still there were more meetings than necessary. Unless men knew that some question of importance was coming up, they would not take the trouble to be present; and so in the autumn of '72, the Secretary's records for four meetings in suc- cession have the entry, 6 No quorum.' Accordingly it was proposed to change the monthly to quarterly meetings. Since even these seemed unnecessarily frequent, when the Club came to vote the meetings were cut down to only two a year as at present — one primarily for the election of officers, on the second Monday of November, called the annual meeting, and one for such business as might come up, on the first Monday of April. Provision was made for calling special meetings when- ever they might appear necessary. Previously — April 1st, 1878 — the Club had voted to change the annual meeting for the election of officers from March to November. Election on the latter date three of the Election Committee were members also of the Executive Committee. In later years, it came to be usual for the two committees to be quite distinct except for the Secretary, who was always ex officio a member of both. NEW WATERS 185 gave the officers more time to plan the work of the Club for the summer. Still there was agitation from time to time for a return to monthly meetings, and finally, in the spring of 1891, the matter was put to vote. The attempt to reestablish the old system failed, and since then the Club has been content with only two regular meetings a year. Once at least, 1 there was so little interest in the spring meeting that not only was there no quorum, but the Executive Com- mittee did not name a subsequent day for a post- poned meeting, as they have done sometimes. That year had only one meeting. In regard to dues also, the present constitution has been amended and re-amended. As the Club became prosperous, it voted in May, 1879, to reduce the entrance fee from twenty-five dollars to ten, as it had been early in the sixties, and all through the fifties, except in the first two years, when it was only five dollars. It voted also to take off five dollars from each man's annual dues for every five years of continuous membership, till the dues got down to five dollars, below which they should not go. That is, a member of more than five and less than ten years should pay twenty dollars a year; one of more than ten and less than fifteen years should pay fifteen dollars; and so on, till twenty years of continuous membership should make the dues only five dollars. 1 April 6, 1885. 186 THE UNION BOAT CLUB This sweeping reduction proved too generous. A motion was accordingly made at the November meeting of 1894 to raise the entrance fee again to twenty-five dollars. Though laid on the table then, it was carried at the next meeting — that is, in April, 1895 — since when the entrance fee has been unchanged. 1 The revenue still was not enough for the expenses of the Club after it was obliged, by reason of the construction of the Charles River Embankment, to build and take care of two new houses. At the special meeting of June 15th, 1909, when the consti- tution was amended in regard to membership, it was also amended in regard to dues by extending the period before the first curtailment from five years to ten. This meant that one who had been a mem- ber between twenty and twenty-five years should now pay an annual assessment of ten dollars in- stead of five. Moreover, this should be the limit of the reduction. But men who had got down to paying only five dollars should not have their dues raised. Though the plan was expected at the end of five years to give an annual increase of about $1000, the expenses of the two new houses have been such 1 A still further increase in the Club revenues, but only a slight one, was effected in 1905, when the Executive Committee decided to charge two dollars a year for the use of a locker. Though there was some opposition, the Club at the annual meeting endorsed the action of the Executive Committee. Subsequently the charge was raised to three dollars. NEW WATERS 187 that even with the recently increased membership, the revenues of the Club have not sufficed to defray them. And so, at the regular April meeting of 1911, it was voted to increase all the annual dues by five dollars, except of those veterans who were already paying only five dollars. By this plan it is hoped that the Club will have revenue enough for years to come. Two new officers have been created since the adop- tion of the present constitution, a Second and a Third Lieutenant, one in 1904 and the other in 1911. The reason for the creation of each was that the Captain and the Lieutenant — subsequently Lieutenants — were overburdened by their work in supervising the boats and acting as a House Committee. The two new Lieutenants, like the Captain, the Treasurer, the Secretary, and the First Lieutenant, are exempted from annual dues. Since rowing on Sunday had never been frowned on even in the earliest days of the Club, it was hardly logical that a by-law of the constitution of 1870 should provide not only that there should be no ' playing for money at any time ' in the Club House, but also ' no games ... on the Sabbath.' This was very sensibly amended by striking out all reference to the Sabbath, so that now the ar- ticle reads : ' There shall be no playing for money in the Club-House at any time.' Since then Sunday noon has proved a favorite time for games of hand- 188 THE UNION BOAT CLUB ball or squash for members on their way home from church. Except for the increase in membership, which is more than double what it could be before the amend- ment of 1875, no changes in the constitution of 1870 have been so important as those regarding the relations of the Union Boat Club and the Union Boat Club Association. This was the official name of the stock company that had been formed in 1869 in order to make possible the purchase of land from the Braman estate and the building of a Club House. Each member of the Association subscribed to at least one share of the stock, at fifty dollars a share, and some to twenty or twenty-five shares. Every member of the Association had to be a member of the Club, and every member of the Club who wished might become a member of the Association. About three quarters of the members did so. The Asso- ciation held the title to the land, which was leased to the Club according to terms fixed by the eighth article of the Constitution. It is a long story, that of the gradual changes by which the Association went out of existence and the whole Club became the owner of its house and land, instead of the tenant, with a part of the Club for landlord ; though even to-day the title to the real estate is held by three Trustees. Since the Historian has long been appalled by the proportions to which this history is swelling, it seems best to bid those who wish to study carefully the relations of the Boat NEW WATERS 189 Club first with the Association, and then with the Trustees, to seek them in an appendix. 1 It will suffice here to trace the most important steps towards existing conditions. In 1879, ten years after the Association was formed, some members of the Club began to ex- press dissatisfaction that no provision was made in the Constitution for the Club's ultimately owning the Boat House property. Two Club meetings re- sulted in an arrangement by which the Club was gradually to reduce its debt to the Association till this had been paid off in full, when the Association would convey to the Club ' the estate, rights, and privileges of every nature conveyed to it ' when the land was bought in '69. Five years later the Asso- ciation, with a generosity which it had always dis- played towards the Club, made easy terms for the payment of the remaining debt, and the property was transferred to the Club. Since this was not incor- porated, the title had to be held by Trustees, of whom there were three, and so Article VIII of the constitution, amended to suit new conditions, was now called ' Agreement with Trustees.' This ar- ticle was struck out entirely at the special meeting of June 15th, 1909, 2 when so many constitutional changes were made. Conditions had so changed that no arrangement with the Trustees was necessary; 1 Appendix B. 2 It provided that one quarter of the annual assessments and en- trance fees should be paid to the Trustees. Since no money was in future to be paid them, the article became superfluous. 190 THE UNION BOAT CLUB they no longer incurred charges as previously for taxes, insurance, and the like, though for certain reasons it seemed best that they should still hold title to the land. From that time the constitution of 1870 has had only seven articles. 1 Now leave we the constitution and how it hath been altered, and turn we unto sports. Looking back from the present, one may see in Linzee Tilden's voyage from Albany, New York, to Havre-de-Grace, Maryland, in the summer of 1869, a forecast of the later importance of canoeing among the interests of the Boat Club. But at the time, naturally, no one realised it; nor were mem- bers of the Club fired quickly to emulate Tilden in the new sport. By degrees, however, enough men got interested in it to propose at the monthly meeting of December, 1874, * that Rob Roy canoes be pur- chased.' The motion was lost, and no similar one was made for several years. Meanwhile, in 1877, occurs the first mention in Club documents of a birch canoe. According to the log of June 18th, Eaton paddled one from the Boat House to Riverside via the Neponset River and Mother Brook, and down the Charles. Little by little others became interested in canoeing. In October, 1880, three trips in birch canoes are logged — one to Dedham and two to Auburndale. And 1 Article IX, providing for ' Amendment or Repeal ' had already been transferred to the by-laws. Cf. Ch. V. p. 100. NEW WATERS 191 the next year, Bullock in a canoe was among the earliest men out, on March 8th and again on March 13th. Still the Executive Committee frowned on canoes, whether birch or Rob Roy. At a meeting in April, 1879, they voted down a motion to order a Rob Roy canoe in place of one of several new wherries. Though Captain Eaton in March, two years later, was authorised to enquire about purchasing canoes, when he reported to the Executive Committee, they laid the matter on the table. At a meeting on June 30th of the same year they voted, three to two, not to purchase a canoe at an expense not exceeding $125. However, at the annual meeting in November of that year, canoes at last won recognition. It was voted after some discussion that the Executive Com- mittee 6 be requested to purchase a Racine canoe and another canoe of such style as they may deem suitable.' Obedient to this order, the Committee voted, on the 25th of the following January, that is, in 1882, $450 for the purchase of ' new boats and canoes.' The popularity of the new craft, once they formed part of the Club navy, was immediate, and it has been constant. In their very first summer, several canoe trips were made, of which the most extensive was that of Guiteras and O'Reilly in a Racine canoe. They left Lawrence on the 29th of August and reached Gloucester on the 1st of September, having gone down the Merrimac to Ipswich Bay and thence 192 THE UNION BOAT CLUB across to the Annisquam River. Not only their time suggests that they did not hurry, but also their entry in the log : ' Had uninterrupted enj oyment all through, except once, when Guiteras, seeing some . . . ; but enough ! ' At the annual meeting that year, the Lieutenant reported that canoes had made 438 miles during the season. Probably this included the mileage of one or two private canoes, for the Lieutenant's re- port the next year, '83, showed only two canoes owned by the Club, that had paddled only 213 miles. If the number was increased in the next few years, it was not increased adequately, for at the spring meeting of 1886, there were urgent inquiries as to what had been done about canoes. The Captain replied that soon the Club would be properly equipped with them, and his report in November showed four in the navy. The next year there were seven — three birch canoes, two Racine, and two Rob Roy. At some scratch races of the Club in the following June, * open canvas canoes ' were en- tered, but no official records show that they were Club property. A year later, in 1889, there were eight canoes in the navy, including one canvas canoe, the first recorded as belonging to the Club. Still these were not enough, for in 1893, the Lieutenant reported that more canoes were the only real need in the fleet. The Club has never thought it ad- visable, however, to make the number of its paddling canoes much larger. For the last fifteen years or so NEW WATERS 193 it has usually maintained about ten, though at present the number has fallen to three. These figures show that for some years now canoes have been in considerable use. Every summer there are late afternoons when the wind drops and the Charles stretches out silvery and unruffled, inviting a leisurely little paddle as the sun gets low, and the shells — singles, doubles, fours, and occasionally eights — take their strong quick flight up the river and then back again. But more often a canoe is taken out for an all-day paddle, with a lunch basket shaded from the sun under the stern-seat — up the Charles to Watertown or beyond, or up the Mystic to Winchester. Or better yet, after shipping the canoe by freight or express, you board the train for some inland station near a pleasant stream. Then if the canoe has arrived on time and if its canvas bottom has not been ripped in transportation, after you have got it to the water somehow — generally no wagon is available, and a canoe that you carry yourself is very heavy and unwieldy — then, if the weather is favorable and you do not get bruised by rocks — or drowned — from upsetting in rapids, you can have one of the gladdest days in human life as you float down one of the lovely little rivers that bless New England. It was a long canoe trip, we know — C. Linzee Tilden's — a very long one and down large rivers, too, that introduced canoeing to the notice of the Boat Club. Directly the sport had been officially 194 THE UNION BOAT CLUB sanctioned by the Executive Committee's buying two canoes, trips of greater or less length on inland waters became fairly frequent. Guiteras and O'Reilly, emboldened by their four-day trip in '82, took one in '83 of eleven days, down the Connecticut River. The year following a birch canoe of the Club made a trip of seventy-five miles down the Housatonic River. Mention has been made 1 of the trips in June, 1885, of Folsom in a canoe and Eaton in a Saranac from Lake Cochituate to the sea by the Sudbury, Concord, and Merrimac rivers. The next year 2 Eaton, again in his Adirondack boat, made a trip notable because few if any have repeated it — from Canton up the Neponset to Wal- pole, and then by Stop River to the Charles at Medfield, and down to South Natick. And so it goes. No subsequent year has been without some such trip, though latterly the custom has increased of making two- or three-day trips on successive Sundays — starting from town in the morning and coming back at night — rather than on two or three days consecutively. It was not all summer canoeing either in the old days. There was the determined enthusiasm for the sport which is inspired by novelty, as appears from an entry in the log for December 6th, 1885, when Wigglesworth and Harding set out in a canoe for Winchester, accompanied by Eaton in the old wherry Albatross. 6 Temperature at start 24°. 1 See Ch. VI. 2 May 1-3. NEW WATERS 195 Progress stopped by solid ice on Mystic Reservoir. Oars, paddles, and boats coated with ice. Strong N.W. to S.W. wind and white caps.' Another unusual exploit in canoeing was a sail some years later 1 from Boston to Beverly Farms, and back the next day. Apart from the contests of the bird-catching Iris and the Ripple already noticed, 2 no other achievement of sailing-canoes seems especially worthy of mention, till we come to the summer of 1910. In that year a syndicate of twenty-five members of the Club bought five sailing- canoes of the kind much used for racing within a few years at the Thousand Islands and other places. Mr. Herman D. Murphy, the artist, has been the prime mover in interesting the Club in this kind of racing, in which he himself has won many prizes. The sport has its exhilaration, as you sit out on the end of a board over the water, beyond the gun- wale of your canoe, trying by balancing to keep her upright. It is good exercise, too, not only by reason of the work in managing your canoe, but also by reason of the swimming and the climbing in again, when it has capsized or otherwise pitched you out. So far no one else in the Club has attained to Mr. Murphy's skill. Nor has anyone been drowned — yet. Some years ago — but not often — the Club had canoe sports, such as: 'Water Tournament. Three men in a canoe. The middle man standing and armed 1 June 11 and 12, 1892. * See p. 134. 196 THE UNION BOAT CLUB with a pole to knock the middle man out of the opposing canoe.' 1 And in the nineties, which were the palmy days of canoeing, came the purchase of the so-called ' war canoe,' Mahnahpeezee. She could carry a dozen men, and she made several trips in company with the famous barge, Union. Her last trip as one of the fleet of the Union Boat Club was in 1897, 2 when nine men paddled her from the Boat House to Longwood Bridge and delivered her to Mr. Hubbard, who had bought her. In the earlier days of canoeing, when New Eng- land streams were still unpaddled and each hardy boatman was a La Salle or a De Soto on a small scale, some of the explorers, for the benefit of those who should come after, instituted a * Canoe Log.' It was designed to be not so much a log in the literal sense, to record all paddles of the Boat Club, including short ones up the Charles, as a guide-book for long trips, telling where to * put in ' and s take out ' on some particular river, its usual stages of water, and what carries had to be made because of rapids, dams, or other obstacles. Besides this useful information, canoemen sometimes wrote down their individual experiences, which added to the interest of the book. The ' Canoe Log ' anyone familiar with the Club House of 1870 can remember well on its rack between two of the long windows of the main room. When this house had to be torn down, all the books and furniture were moved over to the new 1 June 15, 1897. 2 May 14. NEW WATERS 197 Boat House to be stored there till they could be moved back on the completion of the new Club House. Unfortunately in the moving, the * Canoe Log ' disappeared and up to the present has not been found. The trips recorded in it included both those re- quiring several days and those that might be made in whole or in part by going out from Boston in the morning and coming back at night. Of the longer trips, which might take canoemen to the farther- most parts of New England, there would not be space here to mention all, even were all recorded in the log. As a matter of fact trips down the dis- tant rivers of Maine were not likely to be recorded. There would be no use in sending out a canoe from the Boat Club when you could hire one in Maine along with the necessary guide. Except for portions of the Housatonic, Boat Club canoemen seem to have known little of rivers in Connecticut, and nothing at all of the smaller rivers of Rhode Island, probably because neither offer trips long enough to pay for the trouble of spending a night or two away from home. But they have sometimes explored the ponds of Lakeville and the neighboring streams in southeastern Massachu- setts, best reached by way of Middleborough, for a comparatively short carry from the station to the water-works brings you to a stream that always has water enough for easy paddling to Lake Assawomp- sett. The trip does not necessarily involve a stay 198 THE UNION BOAT CLUB over night, though it is likely to, because of the un- certainty of catching trains. So is another trip in southern Massachusetts, through Mansfield, Nor- ton, and Taunton. You ' put in ' at West Mansfield, on the main line of the New Haven Railroad; and after two or three miles of what is called on the maps Hodges Brook, you come to Wading River, a stream fortunately for canoemen said to belie its name. You have the greater part of two days' easy paddling from West Mansfield before you come to tide-water in the Taunton River near North Dighton. Another Massachusetts trip, that will keep you away for a night or two, is down the Squannacook, a pretty little river, wild and swift, flowing from West Townsend, where you ' put in,' into the Nashua near Ayer Junction, where, if you are lucky, you catch a train back to Boston. This you are pretty certain not to do, if you find the mills at West Groton using all the water, thereby leaving the remaining three miles of river to the Nashua virtu- ally dry. One does not make good time dragging a canoe over a river-bed that is none too smooth. For further information concerning this particular part of the Squannacook in a dry time, the Historian respectfully refers curious readers to the present Secretary and Mr. W. F. Bentinck- Smith. Still another Massachusetts trip which requires a night out of town, a trip said always to furnish NEW WATERS 199 excitement, is down the rushing Miller's River, a tributary of the Connecticut. The place for ' put- ting in ' varies, according to the height of the water, from Orange to points above Athol. You always find some rapids in this river that call for skilful canoemen to navigate. And even the most skilful are likely to upset. Boat Club trips farther afield, or rather astream, have not included the Salmon Falls River between Maine and New Hampshire, though glimpses of it from the train are always inviting, or (if the His- torian remembers the Canoe Log rightly) the rivers of the southwestern corner of Maine, for which you would have to send out your own canoe, since there are not guides and canoes to hire in that part of the State. But there are two trips in New Hamp- shire, which have been well liked by Boat Club canoemen. One is down the Contoocook, from East Jaffrey if the water is high enough, otherwise from Peter- borough, to Hillsborough Bridge. The actual pad- dling of the trip could easily be done in one day, but it is generally more convenient to take two days, going out from Boston in the morning, ' putting in ' in the forenoon, an hour or two before you stop for a swim and lunch, and then loafing along through the afternoon, in sight of the Monadnock range of moun- tains, a lovely soft blue, till you get to Bennington, where there was, and perhaps still is, a comfortable little inn. The next day a long, slow morning will 200 THE UNION BOAT CLUB get you by quiet reaches of field and wood to Hills- borough Bridge, with peaceful streets shaded by fine elms. From there you ship your canoe back to town, for the long rapids just below Hillsborough Bridge are too dangerous to attempt. The other favorite New Hampshire trip is down the swirling Pemigewasset, from North Woodstock to Franklin, too long to make comfortably in one day. A better way is to take an evening train to Plymouth, go up from there to North Woodstock by the first train the next morning, and then loaf down to Plymouth for the second night. It is a real mountain stream you start in, with the White Mountains close upon you, and most of the way down to Plymouth you have glorious mountain views. Or if you know this upper Pemigewasset, you can get variety by ' putting in ' at Warren on Baker's River, which falls into the Pemigewasset at Plymouth, from which place to Franklin the trip is the same in either case. Baker's River, too, has beautiful mountain views, both far and near; but you must take the trip so early in order to have high enough water that it is apt to be cold. From Plymouth to Franklin is a good half-day's paddle. You find the scenery, as you get farther from the mountains, less impressive, though still lovely, and the river deeper and stronger. There are plenty of rapids to furnish excitement. In fact in those at Bristol, that foam and rush and roar for about three miles, there is some danger, though every year canoes go NEW WATERS 201 through them. Franklin is the usual place for ' tak- ing out.' However, a Boat Club man who is satisfied with five or six days of quiet but still beautiful canoeing can easily get it on different holidays and Sundays, without spending a night out of his own bed. May is the best month for such single-day trips, for then the little rivers are likely to be high in eastern Massachusetts, the days are so long that one does not have to hurry to get to one's destination before nightfall, and the most delicate spring tints are on the trees. April is apt to be too cold, or if a hot day does come, there are no leaves to shade you from the sun. Unless the spring has been wet, the waters will be getting low in June, when a day excessively hot is always possible. Otherwise June is quite as good a month for canoeing as May. True, the first fleet- ing fragile rapture of the foliage is gone, unlike the song of Browning's thrush, beyond all recapture ; but leaves are still glossy and fresh, lawn and meadow and field are green, wild roses bloom on the river- banks, the red- winged blackbird calls gayly as he flies before you, flashing his brilliant shoulders in the sun, and the golden days are even longer than in May. But even if you wake up with the call of the country in your ears on some very day of days, the Historian would not advise a trip down the Taunton River from Bridgewater to Taunton, though it is an easy one to make from Boston. There is a con- venient train out in the morning, and if you fail 202 THE UNION BOAT CLUB to connect with one at Taunton, you can take an electric car to Mansfield, where you will find more frequent trains. At first when you get on the water, you will feel the delight of woods and fields and en- ticing turns of the stream. But there is little variety in the scenery; and since for most of its course the river has high banks, if the water is low, you are not able to look beyond them. Nor are mud-banks agreeable to look at for mile after mile, especially when they are no cleaner than they are below the factories of East Taunton. Another trip which is for high water only, is down the Shawshine River. Some misguided people will tell you to ' put in ' in Elm Brook, at a culvert just below the railway station at Bedford. It may be all right to do so in a freshet; otherwise don't — unless you want to drag your canoe for miles, either wading, or walking on the bank from tussock to tussock of marsh-grass, with frequent missteps deep into the mud between. After you have traveled thus to the junction of Elm Brook and the Shaw- shine, and then some miles down the river, and have managed from walking and falling in the mud to get wet nearly to your waist, you find water enough for paddling, and you begin to take some pleasure in the banks which from here down are wild and picturesque and beautiful. You ' take out ' at Bal- lardvale or Andover, as you see fit; and with the last part of the river freshest in your mind, you go back to town, if you have had a warm sun, now dry NEW WATERS 203 and happy, but if the day has been overcast, still wet and cold. After this experience on the Shawshine, perhaps by way of contrast, you will seek your next canoeing on the Nashua, because it generally has plenty of water. It is accessible, too, by way of Ayer or Groton, for one-day trips. But the river has not so much variety and beauty as some smaller streams. The upper parts of it near Lancaster, though hav- ing more charm, are not so easy to reach or so sure to have water. Two days or a day, according to where you ' put in,' can very well be spent on the Sudbury and Con- cord Rivers. You may start at either Framingham or Saxonville, the latter of which you will find more convenient if you carry the canoe yourself, because the station is near the river. In case the water is low, do not mind wading for a mile or so below Saxonville over a rough bottom, somewhat bestrewn with tin cans and other tokens of man. As you get nearer to Wayland you find water enough. You can reach Concord easily before night, and so take a train or electric car to Boston. Since it is only a long half-day's paddle from Concord to North Billerica (the next natural place to ' take out '), you will do well, when you continue your trip, before starting down to Billerica, to paddle a few miles up the Assabet, which unites with the Sudbury to form the Concord River. Or if you want only a day's trip, you can • put in ' at Wayland in the 204 THE UNION BOAT CLUB morning and ' take out ' at North Billerica in the evening. Or if you want only a charming summer afternoon on the river, make it from Wayland to Concord. That is really the best part of the whole Sudbury-Concord valley. True, the Concord itself is larger than the Sudbury, and along by Billerica it has some rather noble wooded reaches and passes a picturesque range of bold little rocky hills. But it has not the calm beauty of the wide, hill-bordered Sudbury Valley, with its distant views of wooded Nobscot and Reeves Hill, nor the charm of the smaller river twisting through the peaceful, sedgy marshes below Wayland, alive with red-winged black- birds, or flowing now and then by a higher, tree- covered bank, till it broadens out into Fairhaven Bay under steep Fairhaven Hill, and then narrows again to flow through wood and meadow to the gar- dens of Concord. Of the beauties of the Charles at Waltham or Riverside or Dedham, it is of course needless to speak. They are only too well known; so much so as to be spoiled by the crowds that frequent them — a raucous phonograph in every other canoe — on Sundays and holidays. But above Charles River Village, where going up from Dedham you meet the first dam, the hordes have not penetrated, and here you can find for miles canoeing of rare beauty. If you want to see all of the upper Charles which is navigable in a canoe, take the train to South Framingham and from there an electric car to Cary- NEW WATERS 205 ville in the town of Bellingham near the Rhode Island border. Here the Charles is no more than a shy, laughing, sun-flecked brook, but in April and May it will generally float a canoe. A lovely little brook it remains till it gets below Medway. Then it broadens out to a river with fine wooded banks above Med- field. Below Medfield are marshes through which you wind back and forth — always in view of the Insane Asylum — till you wonder if you are making any headway at all. Then you come to rocky nar- rows, with precipitous wooded banks — the haunt of Asylum nurses and their swains — and below them to stately, placid reaches in Dover and Natick, with rolling fields and hills showing between the trees that grow here and there on the water's edge. It is a good all-day paddle from Cary ville to South Na- tick ; a short day's paddle from Medfield, about half- way between the two, to Charles River Village, two hours and a half below South Natick. You can hardly find a better trip of a single day than this when you do not care to work hard. But to a good many canoemen the pearl of all these neighboring rivers is the little Ipswich. If you want a two days' trip, * put in ' at North Wilmington in Lubber Brook, 1 only a few yards from the station. 1 A few years ago it was possible, and perhaps still is, to combine the Ipswich with the Concord River trip. By part of the old Middle- sex Canal, much overgrown with alders, you could get from North Billerica, with only a little carry, to the Shawshine. Then from Bal- lardvale, with only another little carry, you could get to Martin's Brook, a tributary of the Ipswich. 206 THE UNION BOAT CLUB The brook, so narrow that often two canoes could not pass, flows at first through uninteresting coun- try, close by the tracks of the Boston and Maine Railroad. Then it bends away through fields and woods to empty into the Ipswich, scarcely bigger than itself. Below the junction of the two streams is North Reading — another place where you may start on the Ipswich trip, 1 with the station again con- veniently near the water. It is a little stream of many sudden turns and much variety — woods, meadows, low banks, and steep, wooded, rocky banks. At the South Middleton paper mills you have to carry round the dam, below which you get a bit of swift water. You ' take out ' at Howe's Station — in the town of Middleton — where you will find electric cars to carry you to the railway station in Salem. The second day on the Ipswich is the ' star ' day, and so if you can take only one day for the trip, ' put in ' at Howe's Station. At first below this, the stream is hardly more than a brook, with ver- dant grassy or mossy banks in a lovely little nar- row valley. As the stream gradually broadens, you have in succession wider fields, woods, and the long, rounded, treeless hills characteristic of Essex. Then come the stately trees of Topsfield, the fine arch of the old Newburyport turnpike bridge, and the quiet Topsfield marshes in which the river doubles and redoubles on itself, with hills and woods always 1 The trip from here is about three hours shorter than from North Wilmington. NEW WATERS 207 in sight beyond the levels. Then more fields and woods, two carries, miniature rapids, and a minia- ture forbidding gorge with hoary hemlocks ; and finally at tide-water, the old New England town of Ipswich — its growing mill population of Poles and dark-skinned Syrians and Greeks in odd contrast to its dignified elms and eighteenth-century mansions. When you have made these trips, you realise once more that your Boat Club is fortunate in its loca- tion. So near to it, that you do not have to spend a night away from town, you can have half a dozen days of canoeing that can hardly be bettered un- less you are looking for grandeur in scenery and the excitement of danger. To those of the Union Boat Club — and there are many — who think of it more as a place for winter than summer exercise, it will seem strange that its winter life has been vigorous only in the last twenty years. Though Mr. Rogers says that gymnasium practice received much attention from the members of the Club in the winter of 1853—54, the records show no official provision for such work till 1858. From that year on, there are frequent references to it. One year a teacher was engaged to give members of the Club lessons in sparring ; 1 another year the purchase of an air-tight stove was authorised for the boxing-room. 2 Again, it was decided to admit properly approved strangers to 1 Voted, October 6, 1871. 2 Voted, December 21, 1874. 208 THE UNION BOAT CLUB the Club gymnasium during winter months on pay- ment of five dollars each. 1 And the question was de- bated more than once of enlarging and improving the gymnasium. But despite all this discussion, winter work was never a success in the Club till the intro- duction of hand-ball. 2 It was in the late eighties that a few members of the Club, hoping to increase its facilities for win- ter exercise, began to talk about the desirability of building a court in the Club House for the game of ' hand-ball ' or ' fives,' for it was then often spoken of by the name that it had in England. The propo- sition filled the older and more conservative mem- bers with apprehension. They looked on the game as a dangerous innovation, fearing from the enthusi- astic prophecies of its advocates that it would re- ceive too much attention, and change the Club from one for boating into one for indoor gymnasium work. Still their opposition was not enough at the annual meeting of November 9th, 1891, to prevent a vote instructing the Executive Committee to consider the advisability of building a hand-ball court. It seems to have been a radical, innovating meeting that voted thus, for at the same time it requested the Executive Committee to consider putting in a tele- phone and furnishing towels in the dressing-room, instead of having the members as heretofore supply their own. 1 Voted, November 15, 1878. 2 So says Mr. E. B. Robins, who joined the Club in 1866. NEW WATERS 209 The Executive Committee, finding itself in doubt about the advisability of building the court, decided to call a special meeting of the Club on December 16th to vote on this and other matters. Forty members responded to the call. Though the Presi- dent explained the advantages of further inducement to winter exercise, and though several others argued in favor of building the court, it was nevertheless voted : ' Whereas the expense of establishing a hand- ball court appeared out of proportion to the interest manifested therein in this meeting, ' Resolved, that further consideration of the subject be indefinitely postponed.' The advocates of hand-ball, however, were not to be daunted. In accordance with one of the pro- visions of the by-laws, ten members requested the President to call another special meeting to consider the matter, arguing that the forty members at the last were too few to express the opinion of the Club accurately, and so the President issued his call for a meeting on December 30th, * to take action on the following: * Shall the Club spend not over Seven Hun- dred Dollars in building a Fives Court and in . . . making . . . alterations made necessary thereby ... ? ' There was interest enough in this meeting to bring out sixty-three members. Some objected that the 210 THE UNION BOAT CLUB question of the fives court was brought up again so soon after the vote to postpone ' further con- sideration of the subject ' indefinitely, but the ob- jections were overruled. Accordingly the motion to spend not over $700 in building a fives court, with an amendment providing for raising the sum by private subscription, was put before the Club, and lost. In spite of this apparently decisive defeat, the advocates of hand-ball kept on with their campaign — a campaign now of only persuasion by quiet talk, but so well planned and executed that within a year they won a substantial victory. At the next annual meeting, 1 the Club voted to refer to the Executive Committee a petition for constructing a hand-ball court with two movable sides and no back; and eight days later, on the 22nd of November, 1892, the Executive Committee authorised the Captain ' to spend a sum not to exceed $60 to put in movable sides to the hand-ball court and paint them . . . the work to be done in consultation with R. C. Sturgis,' who had been one of the petitioners for the fives court in the previous December. So here was the official establishment of Hand-Ball, or Fives, in the Union Boat Club. It began, to be sure, with only an open court, whose movable sides were very far from * fast,' but it was only a question of time when a good closed court should follow. Yet for the moment, hand-ball was still on the 1 November 14, 1892. NEW WATERS 211 defensive. At the spring meeting of '93, a motion was made to have the hand-ball court removed; but hand-ball was strongly lodged in its new position, and this motion of the enemy was lost. Then hand- ball itself began an advance which was to receive only one slight check. Its supporters spoke so eloquently of the need of a second and better court, that at the annual meeting x the motion to build one was ' referred to the Executive Committee with the endorsement of the meeting.' But the Committee, without being positively hostile, was unfriendly. Its response to the petitioners for hand-ball was that, ' owing to the extraordinary expense in repairing the house it is inexpedient to build a second hand-ball court at this time.' Slowly, nevertheless, the idea of a second hand-ball court won supporters, and at the annual meeting of 1894 2 after several members had expressed a willingness to subscribe towards the court if necessary, it was voted that ( this meeting request the Executive Committee to appropriate $300 to build a hand-ball court in a desirable place in the gymnasium room, and that it wished it be done.' No loop-hole of economy was to be left the Executive Committee this time to escape by, and so the Com- mittee voted 3 willy-nilly ' that a new hand-ball court be built.' They were even a little more generous than they need have been, for their vote declared that the expense should not exceed $400. 1 November 13, 1893. 2 November 12. 3 December 6, 1894. 212 THE UNION BOAT CLUB This second court was the one in the southeast corner of the gymnasium in the house of 1870, by far the best court the Club had before it got into its present house. If any doubts remained about the permanency of the new game, the building of this court dissipated them. Not only did the Captain at the next annual meeting report it a great success, but he spoke of a hand-ball tournament — the first in the history of the Club — that had taken place in the winter of 1894-95, directly after the building of the new court. It was a handicap tournament, with twenty-eight men contesting in the open court — that is, the court that had no back — and twenty-three in the closed court. Mr. Francis Rogers was the winner of this first Boat Club tournament. From that time the march of hand-ball in the Union Boat Club has been triumphant. At the next annual meeting 1 the Captain called the game more popular than ever, and said that there had been a second tournament held in both courts. Since then there has been a tournament every year. At the third, in 1897, the contestants were divided into two classes, as they have ever since been divided into two or more. 2 Nearly every subsequent tournament has either been reported successful at the annual meeting or entered in the log as being so, and from time to time at one of the two yearly meetings the 1 November 9, 1896. 2 In 1901 for the first time there were four divisions. NEW WATERS 213 Captain or some other officer has spoken of the popularity of the game as greater than ever. Of course with its steadily growing favor, there was bound to come a demand for greater facilities for the game. In 1897, in answer to various com- plaints, better arrangements were made for venti- lating the closed court in the gymnasium. Then hand-ball enthusiasts began to cast covetous eyes on the little lot of land adjacent to the Club House, thinking that, whether bought or leased, it would be an excellent place for an open-air court. Though for years there was talk of buying it, arrangements to do so could never be made. The Executive Com- mittee voted to lease it, however, in 1898, and to build a new court on it, though not an expensive one, for the lease might be terminated at a week's notice. At the annual meeting 1 of 1899, the Cap- tain reported that the court on the adjacent land had been built, and was to be lighted with electricity. The following winter the out-door court proved such a success that at the next spring meeting 2 sugges- tions were made for building a larger out-door ' fives court ' and playing the game with racquets — appar- ently the first talk of playing ' racquets ' in the Boat Club — but nothing came of it. The ever-growing interest in hand-ball, however, did lead at the annual meeting of 1900 3 to a recommendation to the Execu- tive Committee, which they voted to consider favor- ably, to put in a court with movable sides, during the 1 November 13. 2 April 2, 1900. 8 November 1. 214 THE UNION BOAT CLUB winter months, in the room on the ground floor where the canoes were stored. This canoe-room court was built the next year. Less than a year later electricity was installed in both this court and the closed court upstairs in the gymnasium. With this, the hand-ball courts reached the condition in which they remained as long as the house of 1870 stood. When the new house was built in 1909, arrangements were made for the construction not only of three hand-ball courts but also of two ' squash-racquets ' courts. This latter game proved so popular that before the beginning of the second winter of the new house, a third squash court had to be built. The Club has, therefore, at present better facilities for winter sport than ever before — three squash courts and three hand-ball courts ; and it has tourna- ments in squash as well as in hand-ball. Not even the bitterest opponent of the new game, in the days when it was fighting to gain a foothold in the Club, can have the slightest regret that it established itself. None of the fears for its conse- quences have been realised, as may be seen from the fact that when squash courts were proposed for the new Club House, there was no whisper of oppo- sition to them. Hand-ball has not interfered in the least with the rowing of the Union Boat Club, as indeed from the nature of the game it could not do; for it is too violent and heating to be played indoors in hot weather. Rather it has improved the chances for rowing, by providing further means NEW WATERS 215 for oarsmen to keep ' fit ' when they cannot get out on the river. And it has virtually doubled the use- fulness of the Union Boat Club. Whereas before it was mainly a summer club, it is now also a winter club. Many men get the best part of their winter exercise in its hand-ball and squash courts. The games are sure to put the men who play them into a holiday, boyish mood for at least the hour or two that they are at the Club House, and they are sure to draw some men there every afternoon. The com- mon dressing-room after the game destroys for- mality, for it is impossible to be formal with a man when you and he are taking turns at the same shower-bath. Even if you are not looking for a game yourself, the Club House is a pleasant place to drop into of a late winter afternoon, for you may find a good game to watch, and you are almost sure to find cheerful hearth-fires and some good fellows in happy mood to chat with. Into these new waters, and they have proved very pleasant ones, the Club has gone, not without hesi- tation, to be sure, — indeed at times only with much arguing and urging from its more venturesome mem- bers — but still in the end, of its own volition. Into other new waters it has drifted, or circumstances have driven it, without any choice of its own. Though mostly calm, these waters have sometimes looked troubled, as when the Club in the eighties found itself confronted with a law-suit, the only one of 216 THE UNION BOAT CLUB any consequence that it has ever had; and still more so when latterly the Embankment threatened to cut it off from all access to the river. The first that the members of the Club at large heard of the law-suit was at the annual meeting 1 in 1885, when the President stated that M. F. Davis of Portland had made a claim against the Club for infringement of patents on row-locks, sliding-seats, oars, and other appliances in rowing. It was voted, accordingly, to have a committee appointed to con- fer with other boat-clubs in investigating the validity of Mr. Davis's claim. Consideration of this was left chiefly to the Vice-President, Mr. G. W. Esta- brook, who, as counsel of the Club, explained the nature of the claim fully at the annual meeting 2 of 1886. ' The suits brought by Mr. Davis,' he said, ' two in number . . . are both still pending in the United States Circuit Court. As originally brought they embrace six patents containing thirty-seven claims, but as to three of the patents and all but eight claims . . . Mr. Davis has concluded not to prose- cute further. ' The controversy at present is confined to the shape of the loom of the oar, the three-armed out- rigger, the foot-rest, and the swinging rowlock, as to all which good defences are thought to exist. If the matter were one where an infringer had a 1 November 9. 2 November 15. There had been no quorum present Novem- ber 8, the regular day for the meeting. NEW WATERS 217 business interest to protect, the probabilities of a successful defence seem so great to counsel that he would advise without hesitation that a defence be vigorously prosecuted. . . .' Even though the Club did not have business inter- ests to protect, even though 6 a settlement of all claims for past infringement and the right to use the present property of the Club in future,' could be made for much less money than would be required to defend the suit, still Mr. Estabrook advised defence. If Mr. Davis got such a settlement and had it forti- fied by a decree of court, oarsmen in general would have to buy of him nearly * all boats, oars, and other appliances required for racing or pleasure-boating.' Besides, since the patents in controversy were only a few of those issued to Mr. Davis, he might, if suc- cessful now, make annoying pretensions in the future. It would be to the advantage of the whole boating fraternity to have the real status defined of Mr. Davis's rights to important devices. Probably other boating men and organisations would join the Club in defraying the expenses of a defence against Mr. Davis's claims. Therefore, all things considered, it seemed best to the counsel of the Club to defend the suit, even at the risk of an unsuccessful defence, which would probably cost $500 more than a suc- cessful one. On hearing this report, the Club voted to leave the whole matter with the Executive Committee ' for future action as their discretion might determine.' 218 THE UNION BOAT CLUB The Executive Committee decided with Mr. Esta- brook that it was worth while to defend the case. Their hopes for the co-operation of other rowing organisations, however, proved to have no foundation in fact. Even though circulars were sent generally to oarsmen x about the importance of the suit, the Union Boat Club defended it virtually unsupported. It took a long time to get all the evidence. The matter dragged along so wearily that the Club gave a sign of impatience at the spring meeting of 1890 by declaring its sense to be that it was wise, if con- sistent with the counsel's best judgment, to bring the suit to a speedy settlement. At the annual meeting in the following autumn, Mr. Estabrook was able at last to report that all the evidence was printed, making a volume of 550 pages, and that the Club's chances of winning were excellent. The case was tried early in the winter, and at the spring meeting of 1891, the President stated that the Davis suit had been won by the Club in all but one small item — something to do with the foot-rest. The Club could congratulate itself on a substantial victory. But the end was not yet. At the annual meeting 2 came the unwelcome news that the plaintiff had ap- pealed the case, and so the final decision was indefi- nitely postponed. Not till four years later, 3 ten years in all after the Club first heard of the suit, did 1 By vote of April 4, 1887. 2 November 9, 1891. 3 November 11, 1895. NEW WATERS 219 it receive a report from its counsel that the Court of Appeals had ' sustained in full the rulings of the Circuit Court . . . that only one of Mr. Davis's claims was valid. As the testimony taken related equally to all claims and was thus not separable with- out too much trouble to the Court, the Court awarded a large proportion of the costs to Mr. Davis. He has since petitioned for a rehearing on one of his claims on the ground of misunderstanding by the Court in erroneously supposing that he had waived further prosecution of the same.' The prosecution of the one claim must have petered out, for nothing further is found in the records of the Club about its sole important law-suit. An innovation of the summer of 1896 was the es- tablishment of a Club Annex at the Riverside Recre- ation Grounds. 1 The idea was that members, by buying round-trip railway tickets to Riverside at low rates, could enjoy the privileges of the Recrea- tion Grounds — especially tennis — for less than it would cost them to belong to any tennis club. Cer- tain courts and dressing-rooms were to be reserved for the Boat Club. The plan sounded most attrac- tive, but unfortunately it did not get a good start. By the time arrangements were perfected, the sum- 1 At a meeting of the Executive Committee, May 12, 1896, they voted unanimously to spend ' (if the Financial Committee find that we have it to spend) $100 for going into Mr. Charles W. Hubbard's scheme' of recreation grounds at Riverside. At the next meeting, May 18, the money was voted for the Captain to use in further- ance of the scheme. 220 THE UNION BOAT CLUB mer was well on; and then there came an unusually rainy fall to put a damper on out-door sports. At the annual meeting, 1 the Executive Committee re- ported that the Riverside Annex had been of doubtful success. The opinion of the Club, however, luke- warmly given, was for continuing the scheme another year. The second season, with better weather, was still not successful. Though the Captain, at the spring meeting, spoke of the attractions of Riverside, and urged men to make use of them, at the annual meet- ing he had to state again that Riverside was very little used, so little, that he doubted the advisability of continuing the arrangement. The Club, however, came to no definite decision. At the spring meeting the next year 2 there was much discussion about the desirability of continuing the Annex. Despite the argument that the use of it by members was not commensurate with the expense of maintaining it, the Club voted requesting the Ex- ecutive Committee to secure the privileges of River- side again. But the Committee, using its discretion, did not feel justified in making the full provision for the purpose that the Club had asked for. Still the next year, 1899, the plan of subscribing for Club privileges at Riverside was tried for a fourth time, though only the small sum of twenty- five dollars was appropriated for the Recreation Grounds. Care was taken to have members informed 1 November 9, 1896. 2 April 4, 1898. NEW WATERS 221 of their privileges in regard to the grounds. Even so, at the annual meeting, 1 there was the same old story. The Executive Committee could report that only ten tickets to the grounds had been sold. It was clearly not worth while to continue the experiment a fifth year. It can have been only the comparative inaccessi- bility of the Riverside Annex that caused its failure. Members of the Boat Club thought of it as farther away than it actually was because many of them were also members of tennis clubs whose grounds were nearer. Apparently the teaching of this one experi- ment of the Club with a ' tennis annex ' is that such an ' annex ' to be successful must be reached very easily. Much in the later life of the Union Boat Club it would not be worth while to mention, even if there were space to do so ; and of what deserves some men- tion, much deserves only the briefest. Captains and lieutenants have still, as formerly, complained that members of the Club, by neglecting to make regular entries in the log, have increased the difficulty of com- piling accurate Club statistics; and still members, though recognising the justice of the complaint, have persisted in their neglect. Naturally, the financial condition of the Club has varied from year to year, at times occasioning considerable satisfaction to the Executive Committee, at others anxiety. Many propositions have been made for increasing the at- 1 November 13, 1899. 222 THE UNION BOAT CLUB tractiveness of the Club, such as novel kinds of re- gattas, water concerts, or land concerts, to say noth- ing of various entertainments for winter ' smokers,' of which some have been voted by the Executive Com- mittee and others rejected. Likewise, practical ques- tions about rowing have come up from time to time, as whether all the organisations rowing on the Charles could not agree on the courses to be followed by boats going respectively up-stream and down-stream l — a matter usually regulated within rather than between clubs; and also whether a 'junior membership' should be provided for sons of regular members. Then there have been particular events, as well as general, of more than usual note. At the annual meet- ing of 1891 came the news, especially unwelcome to those who had been fond of rows up to the head of tide-water, that a landing just below Watertown, the use of which the Club had long enjoyed, was now for- bidden. Considerable regret was expressed, and it was the sense of the meeting that if any fault of the Club had caused the prohibition, reparation should be made. The same meeting was memorable for Mr. Henry Parkman's resignation of the presidency after holding the office for twelve years — a term of un- usual length and distinction. Anniversaries have given an interest to the Boat Club since 1870 not possible in earlier years, when it was still too young to think anniversaries impor- tant. We have spoken of the dinners commemorating 1 April 3, 1905. NEW WATERS 223 the twenty-first, fortieth, and fiftieth birthdays of the Club. Since the fiftieth, no important anniver- sary has been observed. Besides anniversaries, time has brought the other inevitable concomitant of age, death, with which the youthful Club had but little acquaintance, except in the death of Coxswain Allan in 1856. Among the more prominent members of earlier days, there have died within ten years the founder, Daniel W. Rogers ; 1 Henry B. Rice, 2 also a former president; A. G. Baxter ; 3 and both Henry and Alfred Whitman, 4 all good oars in the fifties, and all able Club officers; and Col. T. F. Edmands, 5 chairman of the committee that drew up the present constitution in 1870. On the death of each of these, and also of others, the Club adopted fitting resolutions. When notice of ex-President Rice's death was given to the Club at the annual meeting of 1903, it was decided, besides adopting resolutions, to commemorate him with some permanent memorial; and a committee was ap- pointed to undertake plans. But after two years, the only report of the Committee was that its leading spirit, Colonel Edmands, had been ill for a year 1 1902. 2 1903. 3 1905. 4 The former in 1901, the latter in 1905. Their brother, Ed- mund S. Whitman, who stroked the crew that won the Beacon Cup, died in 1908. After moving from Boston to New York, Mr. Alfred Whitman in the '70's was a prominent member of the Resolute Boat Club of New York, and stroked a Resolute crew that gave a bad beating to a Columbia crew that had won at Henley. 5 1906. 224 THE UNION BOAT CLUB and that it wanted more time. The Club accordingly voted that the committee should be continued, and also that the memorial should commemorate Mr. Rogers, who richly deserved the honor, as well as Mr. Rice. Action of the committee was further postponed by the death of Colonel Edmands. Then a year and a half later, the committee suggested that it would be better to do nothing further till the New Club House was built, which would be begun in a year or so. Since then, new conditions have made so many demands on the attention and the money of the Club, that no more has been heard of the memorial. It was the fortieth anniversary, in 1891, that sug- gested to the Executive Committee the desirability of making a complete list of past members. Three years later, 1 the Secretary stated that he was com- piling such a list, so far as the imperfect records would permit, and that the list was to be prefaced by a history of the Club by its founder, Mr. Rogers, and others. After the fiftieth anniversary interest in the history grew, and various members agreed to write it in sections covering ten years each. Of these only W. S. Eaton was able to say at the spring meet- ing of 1905 that he had written his section — from 1874 to 1884 — in the allotted time. A year later, 2 he expressed regret that the history seemed to rouse but little interest. The Club voted, however, that 1 At the spring meeting, April 2, 1894. 2 April 2, 1906. NEW WATERS 225 the Executive Committee should continue the col- lection of data for the history. A valuable con- tribution was L. S. King's account of the Club from 1865 to the occupation of the first house of its own in 1870. But the most difficult portion of the history to write was wanting — the history of the earliest years of the Club, which few men alive could remember and of which the records were far from complete. Mr. Rogers was known to have writ- ten such a history, but he had died in 1902, and since then no one knew what had become of it. All at- tempts to trace it, the President told the Club at the annual meeting of 1906, had been unsuccessful. But soon afterwards two copies of it turned up, one in some rubbish at Mr. Rogers's own house, and the other among the papers of the late Colonel T. F. Edmands, who having been a very active and loyal member of the Club since his admission in 1868, had been deeply interested in its history. This was in 1907, and at the spring meeting of that year it was voted that the Secretary should give all the historical papers then existing to someone qualified to edit them. The next year various mem- bers of the Executive Committee, somehow fancying the present Historian so qualified, spoke to him about compiling the history, and the Secretary sent him papers enough to give some idea of the task. At the next annual meeting * the Club voted him full power to prepare the history (allowing him to use existing 1 November 9, 1908. 226 THE UNION BOAT CLUB fragments or not, as he saw fit), though not also full time, which was wise if the Club really wanted the history finished. Had the Historian had it, he might never have got to work. As it is, after he was hon- ored by the vote of the Club, he gave the first six or seven weeks of each one of his three succeeding summer vacations — to say nothing of many odd moments besides — to preparing this veracious and important volume. In doing so, he has read every document of the Club that is known to exist — and a great many exist — and talked with older members about matters — and there are many such — not clearly set down in the records. And he has gladly and earnestly tried — he hopes with success — to make the history worthy of a Club which seems to him deserving of much love and honor. There remains only to chronicle the most radical change of all in the later history of the Union Boat Club, one forced on it by conditions quite beyond its own control. It had long been foreseen that some day the City of Boston would avail itself of the opportunities offered by the Charles River to turn the Basin into a great water-park; and soon after the Boat Club became a land-owner, some of its mem- bers began to wonder whether its riparian rights would be protected, if such a park were created. At a monthly meeting in June, 1875, the Club voted, on the motion of Mr. Henry Parkman, to appoint a committee of five, of whom the President should NEW WATERS 227 be one, ' to represent the interests of the Club before the Sewerage and Park Commissions ; and to enquire into and advocate any measures which they may deem expedient for the preservation or improvement of the Charles River Basin.' But plans for the improvement of the Basin ma- tured slowly. For a time there was talk of a half- tide dam at St. Mary's Street, just below the Cottage Farm Bridge, which the Club with justice opposed strongly, for it would have divided into two parts the portion of the river most suitable for rowing. There was also more or less opposition in the Club to any dam at all, even at the Craigie Bridge, where it has been built. Conservative members spoke against it on more than one occasion, notably at the annual meeting of 1894, arguing that the trouble of going through the lock would virtually put a stop to rowing down the harbor, which has proved true; and that a fresh-water instead of a tide-water basin would cause malaria and materially increase the summer heat of Boston, which has not proved true. Meanwhile, from time to time, there were anxious enquiries from members about the welfare of the Club, in case the proposed changes should be made; to which once at least — at the spring meeting of 1891 — the President replied officially that the pub- lic authorities were favorably inclined to the Club, and that it would be well cared for should the pro- posed park be built. Still, when the changes seemed likely to become fact, by the legislature's creating 228 THE UNION BOAT CLUB a commission to build the Charles River Dam, the Club voted * that a committee of five should be ap- pointed to safeguard its interests. The committee reported at the next spring meeting 2 that they had talked with the chairman of the Commission on the Dam and with the chairman of the Park Commission, which would probably have charge of the Embank- ment if it was ever built, and that both chairmen had given assurance that Club rights would be respected. These rights, it was further stated, in the opinion of the Harbor Commissioners, extended to the Harbor Commissioners' line. Soon after this, the Charles River Embankment was authorised, as it was bound to be after the authorisation of the Charles River Dam. Work was begun on it in 1906, when, because of its construction, we have seen that the rafts were taken away and row- ing stopped as early as the twenty-sixth day of October. Meanwhile the Club began to get alarmed about its fate after the completion of the Embankment. As a boat club, it could not exist after it had been left high and dry by an avenue and a park, unless it could get a location for a new house on the water's edge; and the matter of getting such a location seemed now not altogether easy. Mr. Parkman, who reported at the annual meeting 3 for the Committee appointed to consider the necessary changes, said 1 November 9, 1903. 2 April 4, 1904. 3 November 12, 1906. NEW WATERS 229 that no officials were sure who had the right to grant a location. The so-called Charles River Dam Com- mission had been originally authorised by act of the legislature to construct the dam and to build a con- duit at the back of Beacon Street. Then the Boston Park Commission had been authorised to build the Embankment. Subsequently the building of the Em- bankment was taken from the Boston Park Com- mission and turned over to the Charles River Dam Commission. Although this was to go out of exist- ence on the completion of its work, still no provision had been made for the control of the Embankment when finished, though the Charles River Basin itself was to be controlled by the Metropolitan Park Com- mission. As a result no commission felt justified in granting the Club a location. Unfortunately, con- trary to general belief, the best opinion was that the Club had no riparian rights. It seemed wise for the Committee of the Club to address a petition to the Great and General Court of the Commonwealth, ■ that the Embankment be placed, when completed, in the hands of some permanent body to whom ' the Club ' may apply for location.' A vote was passed empowering the Committee to employ counsel mean- while to protect the Club's rights if necessary, and appropriating funds for that purpose. At the next spring meeting, April 1st, 1907, the President stated that the Committee of the Club had sent its petition to the Legislature, which petition the Legislature had referred to its Committee on Met- 230 THE UNION BOAT CLUB ropolitan Affairs. That Committee gave a hearing * 6 at which the Club was represented in company with the other rowing interests, not only in Boston but throughout the State, whose co-operation had been obtained through the activity of Dr. George B. Ma- grath. At that hearing little opposition developed, but since that time formidable opposition had ap- peared in the shape of the property owners on the water-side of Beacon Street. . . . They . . . seri- ously object to the location of any boat-house upon any portion of the embankment and ' their counsel ' has informed the committee that he will fight such location to the courts if necessary.' 2 However, the opposition had not prevented a bill referring locations of boat-clubs ' to a joint board consisting of the Metropolitan Park Commission and the Charles River Basin Commission during the life of the latter board. When it ceases to exist, the power shall vest entirely in the Metropolitan Board. These Boards are empowered to give locations to organised boat-clubs, taking into consideration the length of time during which said boat-clubs have owned property abutting upon the Basin ; the length of lease is to be limited to twenty-five years and the Commission is given power to make such rules, regu- lations, and restrictions as it may see fit.' 3 The consequence of this bill was that the Boat Club, which had been only a voluntary association, 1 February 27, 1907. 2 Union Boat Club records. 8 Ibid. NEW WATERS 231 voted at the next annual meeting 1 to become incor- porated, in order to apply as an ' organised ' boat- club to the Joint Commission for location for a house on the river-bank. It was also voted that the Ex- ecutive Committee should try to obtain this location somewhere between Back Street and the West Bos- ton Bridge, preferably near the foot of Mt. Vernon Street. It was apparent before the next spring meeting, 2 that the location could not be south of Mt. Vernon Street. The Joint Commission taking advantage of its right, as defined by legislative act, to make 6 such rules, regulations, and restrictions ' as it saw fit in granting locations, had decided to assign none be- tween Berkeley and Mt. Vernon Streets, in order that the curve of the river there might be unob- structed. Furthermore, the Boat Club proved an unwelcome neighbor to dwellers in Beacon and Brim- mer Streets. More than one threatened suit if the new boat-house should be erected between his land and the water. Nothing definite could be decided at the meeting beyond empowering the Executive Commit- tee to obtain the best location they could near Mt. Vernon Street, and giving them also the unenviable task of making arrangements for the erection of a boat-house with the Charles River Basin Commis- sion and the Metropolitan Park Commission acting as the Joint Board, and last, but very far from least, with the inhospitable abutters on the new park. 1 November 11, 1907. 2 April 6, 1908. 232 THE UNION BOAT CLUB If it could have been definitely foreseen what the transformation of the Charles River would be, when the Club in 1875 began to talk of safeguarding its interests with an eye to that transformation, very likely the Union Boat Club would have fared better than it did. Perhaps even in the nineties, when the project of the new embankment was taking more dis- tinct shape, it would not have been too late for the Club to get a permanent location on the very edge of the water. But in view of its uncertain future at the beginning of 1908, the Club may well be pleased with its present condition. At the annual meeting of that year, 1 the Executive Committee were able to state that they had recently 2 received an offer from the Joint Commission of a location on the Em- bankment, just below Mt. Vernon Street. By agree- ing to build only a low boat-house, 3 they had managed to avoid a suit from any resident of Brimmer Street. The Club voted accordingly to accept the location offered, and to empower the Executive Committee to have a wooden boat-house erected on that location, merely for housing boats and providing dressing- rooms and lockers for rowing men. They voted also requesting the Executive Committee to prepare a scheme for erecting a permanent club-house on the Club's own land in place of the wooden house of 1870, which was to be torn down. Some fear was expressed 1 November 9. 2 November 4. 3 Having a height of not more than thirty-two feet above the level of the outer edge of the Embankment, as voted April 6, 1908. NEW WATERS 233 that the use of two houses might mar the delightful community of spirit that had hitherto characterised the Club, but nothing else was possible. A building on the edge of the water, large enough for the main club-house, would have brought on a law-suit. Even had it not, it would have been unwise to erect so large and expensive a building on land for which only a lease of twenty-five years could be obtained. That same autumn — 1 908 — the gates of the new dam were closed, and for the first time since the rivers of New England flowed down to the sea, tide ceased to run in the Basin of the Charles. By the following spring the Embankment was virtually fin- ished. At the spring meeting of the Club * the Presi- dent announced that the new boat-house was already under construction and should be completed in June. As a matter of fact it was used for the first time at the Fourth of July Regatta, which was held on Mon- day, the 5th, when it was occupied by various visit- ing crews. The first Club boat out from it was the centipede Whizz-Fish, on July 9th, manned by Cabot, Hawes, Magrath, and Derby. Soon after this the house was in general use. But its house-warming did not come till August 23d, when the event was duly celebrated by races, followed by supper on the s deck,' with speech-making and singing. Meanwhile changes in the constitution already noticed, made necessary by the new conditions of the Club, had been voted at a special meeting held June 1 April 4, 1909. 234 THE UNION BOAT CLUB 15th, 1909. The membership, and proportionately the income, had to be enlarged in order to defray the expenses of building the proposed new club-house and subsequently of maintaining both that and the boat- house. At the same meeting full power was given to the Executive Committee to proceed with the con- struction of the club-house. In July the tearing down of the old house began. At the annual meeting in November the President said that the new building was well under way. Though its hand-ball and squash courts were still not ready, it was otherwise completed, when, by way of a house-warming, the annual dinner of the Club was held in the new building on January 8th, 1910. Of course all the hundred and twenty-five members present were in the enthusiastic mood suit- able to the occasion. With this occupation of the new house the doubts and uncertainties forced on the Club by the changes in the Charles River Basin were ended. For the present is ended too the history of the Union Boat Club of Boston. The year and a half since the housewarming, that have rounded the life of the Club to sixty years, have added no unusual events to its history, though plenty which have been noteworthy because of new laurels won on various waters, in the recently revived zeal of the Club for rowing. This is only one of many signs of the Club's vigor. Fifty-eight years ago, the Secretary, in his florid account of the first victory ever won by a Union Boat Club crew — in the Ripple in that hybrid con- NEW WATERS 235 test at Hull — fancied that the last thought of each man before falling asleep for the night, after that satisfactory event, was, ' The Union Boat Club For- ever ! ' But the men of that day could only hope ; they had no reason to believe that the Union Boat Club was destined to longer life than any one of sev- eral other little rowing clubs which Boston had known. We to-day are more fortunate. With us, ' The Union Boat Club Forever ! ' is a sentiment based hardly more on affection than on reason. Needless to say, we do not take ' Forever ! ' to mean literally in scecula sceculorum. But in view of the first sixty years of the Club, we may confidently take it to mean, so long as men in and about Boston are interested in happy, wholesome, clean, manly sport. APPENDIX A FIRST CONSTITUTION OF THE UNION BOAT CLUB (May 26, 1851) CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS Article 1. This Club shall be denominated the " Union Boat Club/' Art. 2. The officers shall consist of a Treasurer, Cockswain, and Secretary. Art. 3. The Treasurer shall be empowered to call all meetings, and preside thereat; to receive all moneys, and pay all demands against the Club, and to make as- sessments against the members when necessary to de- fray the expenses of the Club. Art. 4. The Cockswain shall have charge of the boat at all times. Art. 5. The Secretary shall keep a correct record of all the business transacted at the meetings. Art. 6. In order to prevent disappointment among members, the Boat shall not leave her moorings, even- ings, before 8 o'clock without previous information being given to the Treasurer and Cockswain. Art. 7. Members, by non-payment of their assess- ments within two weeks from the time they are notified, shall forfeit their claim to the Boat. 237 238 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Art. 8. A majority of the members of the Club shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Art. 9. There shall be a regular weekly meeting of the Club for the transaction of business, on Wednesday evening of each week. The twelve charter members of the Union Boat Club were, in the order of signing their names to this constitution, Henry H. Seaward, Jr., John D. Lund, Daniel W, Rogers, Daniel L. Winchester, Isaac M. Ireland, B. Frank Lowd, Frank C. Richards, Charles A. Cooper, Joseph Watson, and also Michael A. Blunt, Charles F. Brown, and E. D. Carpenter, who, though apparently present at the first meeting and afterwards active members, for some reason did not sign the Constitution. FIFTH CONSTITUTION OF THE UNION BOAT CLUB AS AT PRESENT AMENDED (The Constitution of April 18, 1870) CONSTITUTION Article I Name. This Corporation shall be called The Union Boat Club. APPENDIX A 239 Article II Primary Object. The Corporation is constituted for the purpose of encouraging physical exercise. Article III Character. This Corporation shall be exclusively an amateur organisation. No member shall enter into nego- tiation to row a race for money; nor shall the funds of the Club be appropriated for prizes, except that a sum not exceeding two hundred dollars may be used each season, at the discretion of the Executive Committee, to encourage amateur racing. No entry in the Club name shall be made in any race, unless approved by the Ex- ecutive Committee.. Article IV Number of Members. The number of active members shall not exceed three hundred, but this number shall be exclusive of those of more than twenty years' continuous membership and life members. Article V Property. The legal title of all property, effects and assets of the Club, except such property as is or may be held under the Deed of Trust, shall be in the name of the Corporation for the benefit of the members. Article VI Dues. To defray the expenses of the Club there shall be an entrance fee of $25, and there shall be paid by all members except the Captain, Treasurer, Secretary, and Lieutenants, of less than ten years' continuous member- ship an annual assessment of $30; by those of ten and 240 THE UNION BOAT CLUB less than fifteen years' continuous membership, the sum of $25; by those of fifteen and less than twenty years' continuous membership, the sum of $20, and by those of twenty or more years' continuous membership, the sum of $10. Provided, however, that no member of twenty or more years' continuous membership shall be required to pay an annual assessment greater than his annual assessment for the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1911, and provided, also, that no member shall pay an assessment more than five dollars greater than he paid for the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1911. The Club may by its By-Laws provide for a non-resident member- ship to which the provisions of this article shall not apply. The preceding portion of this article shall take effect as of April 1st, 1911. The Club may by its By-Laws provide for a life-membership, to which the provisions of this article shall not apply. Article VII Officers. The officers of the Club shall be a Presi- dent, Vice-President, Captain, First Lieutenant, Second Lieutenant, Third Lieutenant, Treasurer, Secretary, and three Directors, who together shall constitute the Execu- tive Committee and hold office until the annual meeting or until their successors are chosen. BY-LAWS I President. The President shall preside at all meet- ings, and enforce all laws and regulations of the Club. In his absence, the senior officer present, with the ex- ception of the Treasurer and Secretary, shall perform his duties should no such officer be chosen by vote. APPENDIX A 241 II Treasurer. The Treasurer shall keep the accounts of the Club, receive all moneys, dues, etc., and pay all bills duly approved by one other member of the Executive Committee, keeping proper vouchers. He shall exhibit his accounts at the annual meeting; his books shall at all times be open to the inspection of any member of the Executive Committee; and he may be removed by the Club or the Executive Committee, at any time, for refusal to exhibit them, or for any misconduct in the affairs of his office. Ill Secretary. The Secretary shall issue all proper no- tices, keep a record of the meetings of the Club, the proceedings of the Executive Committee, and of all other matters concerning which a record shall be deemed ad- visable by him or by the Executive Committee; which record shall at all reasonable times be opened to the inspection of any member of the Club. He shall also conduct all correspondence appertaining to his office. IV Captain. The House Committee, consisting of the Captain, First, Second and Third Lieutenant, under the direction of the Executive Committee, shall have charge of the boats and all the property of the Club except moneys, and shall see that proper repairs are made and equipment furnished. V Lieutenants. The Lieutenants shall assist the Cap- tain in all his duties, and shall see that a Log-book is properly kept, in which shall be recorded the date of each pull, boat used, number of miles made, and names of oarsmen. In the absence of the Captain, the Lieu- 242 THE UNION BOAT CLUB tenants shall be vested with his powers, and perform his duties. The Lieutenants shall with the Captain consti- tute the House Committee. VI Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall have the full management and control of all the personal property, effects, and assets of the Club, with power to sell and dispose of the same, or any part thereof. They shall enforce the preservation of order, and obedience to the Constitution and By-Laws, shall make or authorise all necessary contracts or purchases, but shall have no power, unless specially authorised, to render the Club, or any member thereof, liable for any debt beyond the amount of money which shall, at the time of contracting such debt, be in the Treasury, and not needed for the discharge of prior debts or liabili- ties; shall have power to employ such servants and as- sistants, and make such regulations for the economy, comfort and success of the establishment, as they shall think proper; shall audit the accounts of the Treasurer, fill all vacancies in the membership of the Club; may conduct regattas and make such rules and regulations therefor as they shall deem wise, give proper designa- tions to all boats belonging to the Club, and generally do all things for the proper management of its affairs. VII Vacancies. Should the office of President, Captain, or Treasurer become vacant, the Executive Committee may call a special meeting of the Club to fill such vacancy; should any other vacancy occur, the Committee may fill the same by election from the active members of the Club. In case of and during the illness or temporary absence APPENDIX A 243 of the Treasurer or Secretary, the Executive Committee may designate any member of the Club to serve as Acting Treasurer or Acting Secretary until the next meeting of the Club. VIII Meeting of the Club. The Annual Meeting shall be held on the second Monday of November, for the elec- tion of officers, and such other business as may be brought before it. A Spring meeting shall be held on the first Monday of April. Notices of all meetings shall be sent to active members, and posted on the bulletin-board, at least three days before the time assigned for them re- spectively. All meetings shall be held at the Club- House, unless otherwise directed by the Executive Com- mittee, at such hour as the Executive Committee may direct; none but members shall be present at a meet- ing, and it shall be the duty of the active members present to vote upon all matters brought before them. Fifteen members shall constitute a quorum for the trans- action of ordinary business ; twenty members, for altera- tion in the Constitution and By-Laws, and expulsion of members; but a smaller number may meet, organise, and adjourn a meeting, notice thereof being sent, as provided in other cases, at least one day previous to the date to which such meeting is adjourned. At all meet- ings the order of business shall be as follows: 1. Records of the previous meeting. 2. Reports. 3. Unfinished business. 4. General business. IX Special Meetings. A special meeting of the Club shall be called whenever the President or the Executive 244 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Committee shall consider one expedient, or whenever the President or Vice-President shall be requested to call one by the written request of any ten members setting forth the purpose thereof. Notices of special meetings shall state in general terms the matter intended to be acted upon, and no business other than that so specified shall be transacted at such meeting. Meetings of the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee, of which six shall constitute a quorum, shall hold meetings on such days as they may elect, and special meetings shall be called by the Secretary at the request of any member of the Committee, notice being given to each member at least twenty-four hours before the time appointed therefor. XI Reports. At the Annual Meeting the Executive Com- mittee, through the President, shall make a full report of their proceedings during the previpus year, and rec- ommend such measures as they may deem advisable ; the Treasurer shall present his report of the finances, which shall be submitted to the three Directors for the ensuing year for examination and settlement; and the Directors shall report thereon to the Executive Committee at their next stated meeting. If the same shall be approved by the Committee, such account shall be deemed henceforth conclusively settled; if not approved, the same shall be submitted to the Club at the next stated meeting, or special meeting called to act thereupon. XII Election of Officers. All elections of officers shall be by written ballot, and majority of votes shall elect. APPENDIX A 245 XIII Election of Members. Elections to membership in the Club shall be made by the Executive Committee, who shall carefully inquire into the character of every ap- plicant; and their decision shall be annexed to each application, which shall be preserved by the Secretary, and shall be the vote on such applicant. One negative vote shall exclude a candidate, but no election shall be valid unless seven members are present and voting. No candidate once rejected shall again be proposed within six months. The name of the candidate shall be entered in a book publicly kept for that purpose with a state- ment of his full name, residence, and place of business at least three weeks before being voted upon; the pro- posal to be dated and signed by the member making it. XIV Members. Any member duly elected, and paying his entrance fee and the portion of the annual assessment corresponding with the unexpired portion of the current year, including the month in which he is elected, shall become thenceforth entitled to all rights and privileges of active membership. Failure to make these payments within thirty days shall render such election null and void. Payment of the entrance fee shall be considered an assent to the Constitution and By-Laws. Upon application and approval by vote of the Execu- tive Committee, any member, or if no application from any member is pending, any candidate for the Club, may become a Life Member. The number of Life Members shall not exceed twenty. Members shall be given prefer- ence over candidates in granting applications for Life Membership. The assessment for Life Membership shall be $500, provided that those elected from the list of candidates for membership shall pay in addition the en- 246 THE UNION BOAT CLUB trance fee of the Club. Life Members shall have all the rights and privileges and shall be subject to all the lia- bilities and penalties of regular members but shall for- ever be exempt from annual dues. Any active member of the Club or any candidate for active membership who resides or signifies his intention of residing during the next fiscal year of the Club at a distance of more than thirty miles from Boston, upon application and approval of the Executive Committee, may become a non-resident member. The assessment for non-resident membership shall be one-half the dues for active membership of the same duration. Non-resident members of more than twenty years' standing in the Club shall pay an assessment of ten dollars a year. Provided, however, if any non-resident member takes up residence in or within thirty miles of Boston, he shall thereupon become a resident member and shall be liable for full dues. Non-resident members shall not have the privilege of holding office or of voting. XV Assessment. The annual assessment shall be payable in advance, on the first day of April, at the office of the Treasurer; written or printed notice thereof shall on or before that day be sent by the Treasurer to each mem- ber to address appearing on the books of the Club; no claim shall be allowed for failure of such notice to reach the addressee. If any member shall fail to pay the same within one month thereafter, it shall be the duty of the Treasurer to report the case to the Executive Committee for such action as they may deem expedient; members failing to pay the annual assessment within two months may be dropped from membership by the Executive Com- mittee. No member so dropped can again enjoy the privilege of the Club except by re-election, as heretofore APPENDIX A 247 provided, and payment of past dues. Absence from the State for an entire year, or residence in other States, may entitle any member to a remission of one-half the annual assessment, due request for such remission having been made by him to the Executive Committee. XVI Honorary Members. Honorary membership may be conferred by a unanimous ballot vote at any regular meeting upon any member who has received an honor- able discharge, provided that the candidate has been pro- posed as required for active membership, and that the name of such candidate has been previously submitted by the Executive Committee to the members of the Club of more than twenty years' standing for their approval or disapproval, and that no objection on the part of these members has been received within thirty days of the issuance of such notice; and provided also, that the notice of the proposed election of the honorary member has been included in the call for the meeting. Honorary members may enjoy all the privileges of active members, except holding office and voting at meetings. They may resume active membership at any time by signifying their intention in writing to the Secretary, and paying assessments from that date, resuming the status held at the time of their discharge. XVII Resignations. All resignations of membership shall be made in writing, addressed to the Secretary; and, if made after the thirty-first day of March, shall not dis- charge the resigning member from his assessment for the year beginning April 1. All resignations of officers shall be made in writing to the President or Secretary. 248 THE UNION BOAT CLUB XVIII Expulsion. If any member shall be charged by any other member, in writing addressed to the Executive Committee, with conduct injurious to the good order, peace, or interests of the Club, or at variance with the requirements of the Constitution and By-Laws, the Com- mittee shall thereupon inform him thereof in writing; and if, upon inquiry, the Committee shall be satisfied of the truth of the charge, and the same demands such ac- tion, they shall request him to resign ; and, if he declines to do so, shall refer the matter to a special meeting to be called for that purpose; and the Club, after presen- tation of the case, and hearing the person so charged if he desires to be heard, may proceed to expel him. A motion for expulsion shall be decided upon by secret ballot, and the vote of three fifths of the members present shall be necessary to expel. XIX Discharge. No member shall receive an honorable discharge unless all his dues to the Club have been paid. XX Strangers. None but members and guests, or visitors introduced by members, shall be admitted to the Club- House. A member may at any time introduce a stranger into the house, and shall thereupon register his name, residence, and date of introduction in a book to be kept for that purpose, to which said member shall affix his own name. Such introduction shall not confer on such stranger a right of entrance at any other time; but any member of the Executive Committee may, at his discre- tion, give to such stranger a written invitation, entitling him to the privileges of the house for one month. All APPENDIX A 249 persons residing twenty miles or more from the city of Boston shall be deemed strangers. XXI Residents not Members. The privileges of the house may be extended to residents of Boston and vicinity as often as twice a month, and the same entry shall be made in the register as required of strangers. XXII Suspension of By-Laws XX and XXI. A vote of the Club or Executive Committee may suspend the two fore- going By-Laws upon such occasions as may be deemed advisable. XXIII Guests Violating By-Laws. Any stranger, guest, or visitor, violating any of the By-Laws or Rules of the Club, may be notified by any of the Executive Committee, through the member by whom he was introduced, that he can no longer enjoy the privileges of the Club-House. XXIV Games. There shall be no playing for money in the Club-House at any time. XXV Jurisdiction. Members shall be within the control of the Constitution and By-Laws when in the Club-House, or using Club property, and shall then render prompt obedience to all orders of its officers. XXVI Private Property. Private property may be kept in the Club-House by permission of the Captain, and on 250 THE UNION BOAT CLUB such terms as the Executive Committee may prescribe. Such property shall not be used without the owner's permission. Berths shall not be let to persons not mem- bers of the Club. XXVII Use of Boats. Those members who arrive first at the Club-House shall have a prior claim to pull in any boat they may select, except that the Captain or the Execu- tive Committee may reserve the use of any boat for a stated time, either for repairs or for the use of any members who are to take part in a regatta or excursion, and except also that the Randan gigs and canoes may be secured not more than four days in advance by any member, by notice posted on the bulletin-board, — which notice shall contain his name, the name of the boat, the time at which and during which the boat is wanted, and the date on which it is posted, — and no other member shall interfere with the use of such boat during the time so mentioned. No boat, however, shall be retained for such member's use more than one hour after the time so posted. XXVIII Responsibility for Property. Captains of crews, and members using single sculls, shall see them and their equipments properly housed; and shall make proper record of all pulls in the Log-Book, in the manner pro- vided in Article V. Members shall be accountable for their use of the Club property; and, should any injury occur to such while in their charge, shall report it promptly to the Captain, and shall be held liable for the amount of such damage unless excused by a vote of the Executive Committee. None but members shall use Club property without an officer's permission. APPENDIX A 251 XXIX Long Cruises. When a boat is taken for a long cruise, notice of the direction of the trip, and the probable time of return, must be posted on the bulletin-board. No boat shall be taken from the Club-House for a longer time than forty-eight hours without permission from the proper officer, nor for more than two weeks except by consent of the Captain or Executive Committee. XXX Clothing. Persons about the Club-House, on the rafts, or in boats at or near the same, shall be decently clothed, wearing at least undershirt and trousers. XXXI Hospitalities. The hospitalities of the Club-House may, at the discretion of any member of the Executive Committee, be temporarily extended to crews or persons rowing on Charles River. XXXII Uniform. The Club Uniform shall be navy blue and white, of such pattern as the Executive Committee may prescribe. XXXIII Ensign. The Club Ensign shall be of a dark-blue field, with the letters U. B. C. in white. XXXIV Amendment or Repeal of Constitution and By-Laws. The Constitution and these By-Laws may be amended or repealed by a vote of four-fifths of the members pres- 252 THE UNION BOAT CLUB ent and voting at a meeting, notice of the general char- acter of such amendment or repeal having been given at the preceding meeting. But no Article of the Constitu- tion or By-Laws shall in any event be suspended, except as provided in By-Law XXII. APPENDIX B THE UNION BOAT CLUB ASSOCIATION f I ^HE relations of the Boat Club as a whole and ■*■ the Union Boat Club Association were fixed by the Constitution of 1870 as follows: ' Article VIII ' Agreement with U. B. C. Association ' The Treasurer, in addition to such amounts as the Club may appropriate, shall each year pay to the Union Boat-Club Association for Rent fifteen dollars from each entrance-fee, the same amount from each annual assess- ment, and a like proportion of fractional assessments paid by active members. These amounts shall not be changed, except with the concurrence of a majority in interest of the above-mentioned Association.' This arrangement at first gave universal satis- faction. But by 1879, some members of the Club began to think that it paid too large a rent, and also that it was a mistake to have no provision for the Club's ultimate purchase of the property. Accordingly, overtures were made for a better ar- rangement between the Club and the Association, which were forced speedily to their fruition because of an article which appeared in the Sunday Herald 253 254 THE UNION BOAT CLUB misrepresenting the relations between Club and Association. At a Club meeting which was held the next day, the article was duly censured in the following resolutions: ' Whereas : — An article published in the Sunday Herald of Feb. 9, 1879, was evidently written or in- stigated by some member of the Club entirely ignorant of, or wilfully misrepresenting, the relations existing between the Union Boat Club and the Union Boat Club Association: ' and whereas : — said article was outrageous in spirit and method, and false in substance, and evidently pub- lished for the purpose of causing dissatisfaction and dis- sension among the members of said Club : 'Resolved: — That the above-mentioned article con- veys an impression entirely at variance with the feel- ings of the members of said Club; and that we do hereby condemn the spirit which prompted its publica- tion, and censure the author or instigator thereof/ Before this vote was passed, President H. B. Rice, for the sake of enabling the Club to vote the more under standingly, explained the relation of Club and Association. ' The old boat-house,' he said, in speak- ing of the circumstances that had forced the Club to purchase land and build a house, ' occupying about one half this ground, . . . was in a disgracefully, and almost dangerously dilapidated condition, and committees had been appointed for several years to see if more suitable accommodations could not be obtained elsewhere, but without success. APPENDIX B 255 * The rent was $600, besides taxes, insurance and repairs ; — amounting to about $900 per year. 6 In 1869, the Club was informed by the owners of the property that the land was not sufficiently re- munerative and that we must leave. It was then a matter of life or death to the Club — the oldest but one in the country, and having a good record, — and then it was that some of the members, un- willing to see it pass out of existence, started the project of buying the land and building this house. * It was originally desired to have the Club own the property, but practical and legal objections pre- vented, it being found impossible to induce all the members to subscribe equally, as that would have required $250 to $300 apiece. * The only practicable plan, therefore, seemed to be the formation of a stock company, to be com- posed exclusively of members of the Club, the price of shares to be placed at $50, so that any member could subscribe, which should buy the land, erect the building and lease it to the Club. ' This was done ; — about three quarters of the members then in the Club subscribing such amounts as they felt disposed to, varying from $50 to $1200 apiece. Ten thousand dollars only could be raised by subscription, and the balance had to be borrowed. As this could only be done on the individual and collective guaranty and responsibility of five mem- bers of the Association, it was considered but fair to protect them against any change in rental by a 256 THE UNION BOAT CLUB mere change in the personnel of the Club, and there- fore the provisions which have been so severely criti- cised were put into the constitution of the Club. * The land and building, with the strengthening of the roof, cost about $25,000 and the moneys re- ceived by the Association have been applied to re- pairs, taxes, insurance, and interest on the mort- gage, and lastly, to the payment of the principal of the mortgage, which is now about paid off ; — and not one cent has ever been received by any member of the Association in the way of interest, dividend, salary, or commission ; — and it is this surrender of nearly ten (10) years' interest on the part of the Association that has brought the finances of the Club into their present excellent condition. ' During these ten years the Treasurer of the Club has never been pressed by the Association for rent ; — the rent has never, unless this year, been paid when it was due ; — the Club has never asked the Association to do anything for it which has not been done, and in several instances the Associa- tion, when asked to bear a portion of the expense of certain improvements, had voluntarily paid the entire bill.' Plenty of entries in the records confirm what President Rice said about the readiness of the Asso- ciation to help the Club in making necessary repairs. The practical result of this meeting was another one on the twenty-first of the following April, at which it was voted: APPENDIX B 257 ' 1. That it is for the interest of the U. B. C. to pur- chase and own the boat-house property. 1 2, To purchase the property for the sum of $18,000 the following scheme is proposed; — the entire yearly in- come of the U. B. C, excepting that derived from the lease of the smaller boat-house, shall be equally divided. One half to be retained by the Treasurer of the U. B. C. for the current expenses of the Club — the other half to be paid to the Treasurer of the Association, to be applied as follows: ' First, to the payment of Insurance, Taxes and outside repairs. * Second, to the payment of six per cent interest on said principal of $18,000, or any sum to which said principal may be reduced or increased, as is hereinafter provided. 1 Third, to the reduction of said principal of $18,000 by any surplus which may remain after the payment of the items 1 and 2. ' If the half of the total receipts so paid to the Associa- tion is sufficient to make payment of the items 1 and 2 and leave a surplus to be applied to reducing said prin- cipal of $18,000, the payment of interest at six per cent for the second and succeeding years shall only be on the amount to which said principal shall have been reduced annually. ' If the half so paid is not sufficient for the payment of the items 1 and 2 in any years, the deficiency shall be added to the sum of $18,000, or to any amount to which said principal has been reduced or increased. 1 This scheme to continue for five years, and, if at the end of five years said principal of $18,000 has been re- duced, then the U. B. C. shall have the option of continu- ing the same for another period of five years, and so on by periods of five years, but if said principal has not been 258 THE UNION BOAT CLUB reduced, then this scheme may be abandoned either at the option of the U. B. C. or of the Association. 'When the said principal of $18,000 shall have been paid as hereinbefore provided, the Association shall con- vey the property to the Club in such manner as may here- after be agreed upon. ' If the property shall be taken by the City of Boston, or destroyed, any sum received by the Association for said property shall be added to the amount paid to the Association by the U. B. C. in reduction of said principal of $18,000, and the balance above said sum of $18,000 shall be repaid to the U. B. C. by the Association, and upon the happening of any such event this agreement shall be void, unless the Club shall within six months pay the balance of said $18,000. 1 If at the end of any financial year there shall be a balance of more than $200 in the hands of the Treasurer of the U. B. C. after the payment of all current expenses, the amount of said balance above $200 shall be paid to the Treasurer of the Association in reduction of the price to be paid for the property.' It was further voted to appoint a committee of two with power to make this offer to the Association, complete such further details of the scheme as might appear necessary, and execute the completed agree- ment in behalf of the Club. The committee appointed by the President consisted of J. O. Shaw, Jr., and Henry Parkman. At the regular Club meeting of May 5th, Mr. Shaw read the articles of agreement, which were approved by the Club, and duly entered by the Secretary upon the records, as follows: APPENDIX B 259 Copy of Agreement between U. B. C. Association and Union Boat Club The Union Boat Club Association, a corporation duly established under the laws of Massachusetts, and the Union Boat Club of Boston, by J. O. Shaw, Jr., and Henry Parkman duly authorised by vote of said Club, at a special meeting called for that purpose on April 21, 1879, which appears on the records of said Club, agree as follows: The said Association will convey the estate, rights and privileges of every nature conveyed to it by the follow- ing deeds, one dated November 1, 1869, and recorded with Suffolk Deeds, Lib. 984, fol. 267, from Jarvis D. Braman and others, one dated November 1, 1869, from J. D. Braman and others trustees recorded Lib. 984, fol. 269, one from T. J. Coolidge et ah, dated April 26, 1870, and recorded with Suffolk Deeds, and one from Sidney Bartlett et ah, dated Feb. 7, 1870 and recorded with Suffolk Deeds, except the parts conveyed to Sidney Bartlett by deed recorded Lib. 999, fol. 266, and to Hetty S. Coolidge by deed recorded Lib. 1018, fol. 66, to such persons and upon such trusts as shall hereafter be directed by said Boat Club, upon the compliance by said Club with the following terms: The said Club shall pay to the said Association yearly in instalments from time to time one half of its receipts from all sources except the room now occupied by the Dolphin Boat Club, together with any balance above the sum of two hundred dollars ($200), remaining in the hands of its Treasurer after the payment of all current expenses, until the sum so paid shall be equal to all sums hereafter paid by the Association for taxes of every description, insurance and outside repairs, and the further sum of eighteen thousand dollars ($18,000) 260 THE UNION BOAT CLUB with interest on all such sums reckoned at six per cent per annum. The Association shall pay all taxes, insurance, and out- side repairs. Mutual accounts shall be stated between the parties at the end of each financial year, and interest shall be paid thereafter only on such amounts as shall be found due to the Association at the date of such accounting. This plan to continue for five years, and if at the end of five years the amount to be paid to the Association is less than eighteen thousand dollars ($18,000) the Club shall have the option of extending this plan for another five years, and if the amount to be paid is then still further reduced the Club shall have the option of ex- tending this plan for another like period, and so on: And if at the end of any of said periods of five years the amount to be paid to the Association is not less than it was at the commencement of said period, then this plan may be abandoned at the option of the Club or Association. While this plan remains in force the Club shall occupy and have full control and management of the property except so far as may be necessary for the inspection and repair thereof, and shall do all necessary inside repairs, shall not suffer or make any waste thereof, nor make any alteration thereof without the written consent of the Association being first obtained, and upon the abandon- ment for any cause of this plan the amounts paid to the Association shall be considered as and for an equivalent for the use of the property. Provided, however, that if the property shall be taken by the city of Boston or destroyed the Association shall pay to the Club any amount which may be received for the property so taken or destroyed in excess of the amount then payable to it by the Club. APPENDIX B 261 Provided further if the said property be only partly taken or destroyed and the sum received therefor shall be greater than the amount then payable to the Associa- tion, the Association shall pay such excess to and transfer the residue of the estate to such persons and upon such trusts as the Club may request as hereinbefore provided; but if the amount so received shall be less than the amount then payable to the Association, the Club may within six months thereafter pay the deficiency to the Association and a conveyance shall be made, as above mentioned, of the part of the property not taken or de- stroyed. Otherwise this agreement to be abandoned. All payments shall be endorsed upon this agreement and the amounts paid for taxes, insurance, and repairs by the Association shall be also endorsed hereon from time to time with the dates thereof. This agreement shall take effect from the 1st day of April, 1879, that being the commencement of the financial year of said Union Boat Club. In witness whereof, the said Union Boat Club Asso- ciation by its Treasurer duly authorized and the said Union Boat Club by J. O. Shaw, Jr., and Henry Park- man duly authorized as aforesaid hereunto set their hands in duplicate. (U. B. C. A. 1 Union Boat Club Association by Edw. L. Adams, Seal J Treas. Union Boat Cub by {^f/J^ £ |j The Constitution was duly amended to suit the new agreement. Five years later, that is, at the spring meeting, April 7, 1884, the President stated that the debt to the Association had been reduced from $18,000 to $12,000. The Association was willing to arrange 262 THE UNION BOAT CLUB for the payment of this sum and the transfer of the title, which now was to be held, since the Boat Club was not incorporated, by three trustees for the benefit of the Club. And so a vote was passed that the Union Boat Club should pay the Association by mortgage $10,000 for the transfer of the ' Boat House Property ' from the Association to the Trustees of the Boat Club, who were to be Henry Parkman, E. D. Blake, and J. Montgomery Sears. There was also a vote of thanks to the Association for their generous offer of discounting from the price to be paid them for the property the sum of $2000. In the following May, at a special meeting, the deed transferring the property was read and ap- proved, and a vote was passed to amend the Consti- tution and the By-Laws to conform with the new arrangement. It will perhaps make clearer the re- lation of the Trustees to the Club to quote part of the explanation which Vice-President Milliken gave of it at the November meeting in 1897, in answer to a question from one who did not understand it. ' In the shifting membership of the Club,' he said, ' it was necessary that the legal title should be vested in somebody.' The Trustees, who were still Henry Parkman, E. D. Blake, and J. Montgomery Sears, held ' the property for the benefit of the members. They mortgaged the property, pledging their credit for part of the mortgage. . . . The mortgage had since been paid off, relieving them of personal lia- APPENDIX B 263 bility. The Club paid the Trustees yearly one quar- ter of the annual dues and entrance fees, with which they paid taxes, insurance, and interest on the mort- gage, which they were gradually reducing. The balance they held to the credit of the Club.' This relation might have existed yet, had it not been for the refusal of the Charles River Basin Com- mission and the Metropolitan Park Commission to grant locations for boat-houses on the new Charles River Basin to any but incorporated clubs. Accord- ingly, at the annual meeting in November, 1907, the Club voted to incorporate itself, empowering the Executive Committee to transfer to the new cor- poration all personal property and cash of the Club, but not until the new corporation had adopted the constitution and by-laws of the voluntary associa- tion that had been the old Boat Club, and elected all its members members of the new corporation. About the same time, in the general making over of things, the relations of the Trustees to the Club came to be radically altered. With the incorporation of the Club, the Trustees ceased to be necessary. What money they had in the bank to the credit of the Club, they paid over to the Executive Committee to spend in building the new house. The old mortgage they had paid in full; and arrangements had been made in raising a new Club loan to have the Executive Committee make payments of both interest and principal. There was no longer any reason to pay the Trustees yearly a 264 THE UNION BOAT CLUB quarter of the annual assessments and entrance fees, ' and such further sum as may be necessary to pro- tect the Trustees ... in the payment of the an- nual charges incurred by them,' for they now in- curred no annual charges. The article of the Con- stitution, therefore, which set forth the agreement between the Club and the Trustees became superflu- ous. It was struck out entirely at the special meeting for amending the Constitution on June 15, 1909. The Club being now incorporated could per- fectly well have held the title to the land itself, but it was easier, in view of certain conditions in the deed of the old Association to the Trustees, in 1884, to have the title remain in the name of the Trustees. There are, therefore, still three Trustees of the Union Boat Club. They hold the title of its land, and that is virtually their only function. APPENDIX C MEMBERS OF THE CLUB TN some names in the following lists the word **■ ' Junior ' or ' Second ' has been dropped, but in every case the name is given as it was at the election of the member. FORMER OFFICERS OF THE UNION BOAT CLUB Former Presidents (From 1851 to 1866 the President acted as Treasurer.) John Q. Lund 1851 Isaac M. Ireland 1852 H. C. Ahlborn 1853 George S. Bullens 1853-1855 Daniel W. Rogers 1855-July, 1868 Edwin M. Chamberlin July, 1868-1869 Henry B. Rice 1870-1880 Henry Parkman 1880-1891 Samuel Hammond Jr 1891-1896 Warren F. Kellogg 1896-1898 Joseph Prince Loud 1898-1901 J. Payson Clark 1901-1904 Harry F. Adams 1904-1906 Hugh Cabot 1906-1911 Former Vice-Presidents Thomas F. Edmands Mar. 1871-June, 1873 Edward N. Fenno June, 1873-1875 Albert G. Baxter 1875-1888 265 266 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Edward B. Robins 1888-1889 Edward N. Fenno 1889-1892 Louis D. Brandeis 1892-1894 Warren F. Kellogg 1894-1896 Arthur N. Milliken 1896-1897 Joseph Prince Loud 1897-1898 J. Payson Clark 1898-1901 Walter P. Henderson 1901 Harry F. Adams 1901-1904 Richard Hodgson 1904-1905 ■ Hugh Cabot 1906 Hugh Bancroft 1906-1911 Former Captains (From 1851 to 1859 the title of 'Coxswain' was used.) Daniel W. Rogers 1851 John Kimball 1852 William D. W. Allan 1853-Jan. 27, 1856 2 Alfred Whitman Jr Feb. 5, 1856-1860 Henry Whitman Jan. 1861-July, 1861 H. H. Brackett July, 1861-Jan. 1862 W. H. Carpenter Jan. 1862-July, 1862 S. Holbrook Buckingham July, 1862-July, 1863 Joseph P. Lovejoy July, 1863-1864 E. Carleton Bates 1865-July, 1866 George H. B. Hill July, 1866-1867 Edwin M. Chamberlin Jan. 1868-July, 1868 Albert G. Baxter Jr July, 1868-1871 Robert S. Russell 1872-Sept. 1874 Charles H. Williams Sept. 1874-June, 1875 Edward C. Ellis June, 1875-April, 1876 James E. R. Hill 1876-1877 Charles H. Williams 1877-1880 William S. Eaton Jr 1881-1884 Charles H. Williams 1884-1885 Julian J. Eustis 1885-1887 A. Van C. Van Rensselaer 1887-April, 1889 Curtis Guild Jr April, 1889-Nov. 1890 George T. Keyes Nov. 1890- June, 1891 1 Died December 20, 1905. 2 Died January 27, 1856. APPENDIX C 267 George R. Agassiz June, 1891-Nov. 1891 Harry F. Adams 1891-1892 William G. Borland 1892-1893 Frederic Tudor Jr 1893-1894 Charles E. Loud 1894-1896 Daniel C. Holder Jr . 1896-1898 Benjamin P. Ellis 1898-1899 Walter P. Henderson 1899-1901 Hugh Cabot 1901-1905 John B. Hawes 2nd 1905-1911 Former First Lieutenants (From 1857 to 1860 the title of 'Assistant Coxswain' was used.) Amos Webster Jr 1857-1860 Samuel M. Lovejoy Jan. 1861-July, 1861 Henry H. Brackett July, 1861-1862 S. Holbrook Buckingham Jan. 1862-July, 1862 John G. Morse July, 1862-1863 E. Carleton Bates 1863-1864 Judson Shute 1864-July, 1865 Eben B. Foster Jr July, 1865-Jan. 1866 George H. B. Hill Jan. 1866-July, 1866 Frederick Barton , July, 1866-Jan. 1867 Edward B. Robins Jan. 1867-July, 1867 L. Stone King July, 1867-Jan. 1868 Edward N. Fenno Jan. 1868-July, 1868 Edward Henshaw July, 1868-1869 Henry B.Rice 1869-1870 Edward N. Fenno 1870- June, 1873 Charles H. Williams June, 1873-Sept. 1874 George H. Roberts Sept. 1874-1875 Henry L. Morse 1875-April, 1876 Brooks Adams April, 1876-Sept. 1876 John O. Shaw Jr Sept. 1876-1877 and 1878-1879 Henry Parkman 1877-1878 Wm. S. Eaton Jr 1879-1880 Frederick C. Shattuck 1880-1882 J. H.Ransom Jr 1882-1884 A. Van C. Van Rensselaer 1884-1886 Charles P. Curtis Jr 1886-April, 1887 Courtenay Guild Apr. 1887-Nov. 1887 Guy Wilkinson 1887-1888 268 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Warren F. Kellogg 1888-1889 Frederic S. Coolidge 1889-1890 Harry F. Adams 1890-1892 Frederick Tudor Jr . 1892-1893 Henry C. Cushing Jr 1893-1894 Daniel C. Holder Jr 1894-1896 Benjamin P. Ellis 1896-1898 Walter P. Henderson 1898-1899 Hugh Cabot 1899-1901 Alpheus S. Hardy 1901-Dec. 1902 Robert P. Blake 1903-1904 Hugh Bancroft 1904-1905 Arthur W. Rice 1905-1909 George S. Derby 1909-1911 Former Second Lieutenants John B. Hawes 2d 1904-1905 George S. Derby 1905-1909 Romney Spring 1909-1910 Eliot Farley 1910-1911 Former Third Lieutenants Romney Spring 1911 Former Treasurers (Previous to 1866 the President acted as Treasurer.) Joseph P. Lovejoy 1866-1867 George W. Estabrook 1867-1868 Edwin B. Buckingham 1868-1869 Edward D. Blake 1869-Sept. 1870 Winslow Herrick Sept. 1870-1874 William M. Rice 1874-1876 Edward D. Blake 1876-1892 Arthur N. Milliken 1892-1897 Charles E. Loud 1897-1898 Charles H. Fiske Jr 1898-1899 Daniel C. Holder Jr 1899-1901 John Dearborn 1901-1909 Ralph May 1909-1911 APPENDIX C 269 Former Secretaries Henry H. Seaward Jr 1851 W. L. Winchester 1852 Daniel W. Rogers 1853 Alfred Whitman Jr 1853-1855 Henry P. Livermore 1855-1856 George W. Smalley 1856-1857 Charles E. Wyett 1857-1861 Edwin M. Chamberlin 1861-1862 Henry G. Richards 1863-1865 George W. Estabrook 1866-1867 Edwin B. Buckingham 1868 Henry H. Fay 1869-Nov. 3, 1869 C. P. Wilson Nov. 3, 1869-1870 Edward B. Robins 1870-1879 John O. Shaw Jr 1879-1882, 1883-1886 Louis D. Brandeis 1882-1883 William R. Richards 1886-1889 Warren F. Kellogg 1889-1894 William S. Townsend 1894-1899 Benjamin P. Ellis 1899-1904 Charles H. Alden Jr 1904-1907 Robert P. Blake 1907-1909 Arthur Drinkwater 1909-1911 Former Directors Alfred Whitman Jr 1861-1865 Richard Ritchey Jan. 1861-July, 1861 William H. Carpenter . . . July, 1861-1862 Judson Shute 1862-1864 O. P. C. Billings 1862 William H. Minot 1863-1865 John G. Morse 1864 James Dingley 1865 Edwin B. Buckingham 1865-1867 Robert H. Richards 1866 Albert G. Baxter Jr 1866 and 1873-1875 John D. Parker Jr 1866 L. Stone King 1867 Edwin M. Chamberlin 1867 Daniel Sargent 1868 and 1871-1875 James D. W. Lovett 1868 270 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Henry B.Rice 1868 Eben B. Foster Jr 1868 Winslow Herrick 1869 John Tyler Jr 1869-1871 Edwin B. Buckingham 1870-1871 J. Malcolm Forbes 1871-1872 Henry H. McBumey 1871-1872 Robert S. Russell 1872-1873, 1874-1875 William Appleton Jr 1872-1873 George F. Roberts 1874-1875 Edward C. Ellis 1875-1878 R.Heber Jones 1875-1878 Edward N. Fenno 1875-1876 James E. R. Hill 1876-1879 Henry L. Morse 1876-1877 Frank Seabury 1878-1879 William S. Hall 1878-1879 Arthur B. Ellis 1878-1879 Francis Peabody Jr 1879-1880 Henry Merwin 1879-1880 George Lee 1879-1880 Maurice H. Richardson 1880-1882 William W. Vaughan 1880-1883 George F. Roberts 1881-1883 Arthur D. Wainwright 1882-1883 Robert N. Cutler 1882-1884 Louis D. Brandeis 1883-1885 H.L.Harding 1883-1887 James H. Young 1884-1885 Robert C. Watson 1885-1887 Charles H. Williams 1885-1887 Warren F. Kellogg 1887-1888 Frederick B. Holder 1887-1888 Charles W. Townsend 1887-1888 Arthur B. Ellis 1888-1889 Courtenay Guild 1888-1889 Thornton H. Simmons 1888-1889 William R. Richards . 1889-1890 Francis H. Williams 1889-1890 Edmund P. Whitman 1889-1890 Samuel Hammond Jr 1890-1891 Frederick B. Holder 1890-1892 Edward C. Ellis 1890-1891 William G. Borland : 1891-1892 APPENDIX C 271 Edmund D. Codman 1891-1892 William S. Townsend 1892-1894 Thornton H. Simmons 1892-1894 Harry F. Adams 1892-1893 Joseph Prince Loud 1893-1897 Frederick M. Briggs 1894-1896 J. Payson Clark 1894-1898 Alpheus S. Hardy 1896-1899 Edward D. Marsh 1897-1898 Daniel C. Holder Jr 1898-1899, 1901 AllstonBurr 1898-1901 Robert P. Blake 1899-1901, 1905-1906, 1909-1911 Richard Hodgson 1900-1901 Henry G. Vaughan 1901-1903 Walter P. Henderson 1901-1904, 1906-1909 Alexander Whiteside 1903-1904 Francis L. Higginson Jr. 1904-1905 George B. Magrath 1903-1911 Arthur W.Rice 1904-1905 Hugh Cabot 1905-1906 Benjamin P. Ellis 1906-1908 Arthur Drinkwater 1908-1909 John Dearborn 1909-1910 Romney Spring 1910-1911 Earnest E. Smith 1911 272 THE UNION BOAT CLUB PAST MEMBERS A Abbot, Philip S April 9, 1894 Abbott, Frank P July 12, 1875 Abbott, Marshall K April 6, 1874 Aborn, Peleg May 10, 1865 Adams, Aquila June 4, 1862 Adams, Brooks June 21, 1875 Adams, Edward A April 30, 1886 Adams, Edward L Sept. 4, 1861 Adams, George H July 14, 1873 Adams, Melvin O May 20, 1890 Agassiz, George R Oct. 20, 1886 Ahlborn, Henry C April 28, 1852 Ahuja, E June 16, 1884 Ajuria, Manuel de Oct. 15, 1883 Alden, A. H Sept. 20, 1880 Alden, Charles H. Jr Mar. 8, 1898 Alden, Eliot May 13, 1899 Aldrich, Talbot June 30, 1902 Allan, William D. W June 23, 1853 Allen, Frank R April 4, 1866 Allen, Freeman May 20, 1890 Allen, Seabury W June 14, 1887 fAllen, William A May 6, 1859 Allen, W. H. Jr Mar. 22, 1882 Almy, Frederick Jr May 5, 1869 Almy, John P April 4, 1866 Almy, T. R Mar. 6, 1867 Ames, Albert T. B May 5, 1873 Ames, F. Lothrop Feb. 27, 1899 Ames, John C Nov. 17, 1902 Amory, Copley April 24, 1889 Amory, Francis I June 1, 1874 Amory, Robert Jr April 29, 1908 Anthony, Andrew V. S July 1, 1868 Arbecam, B. L April 9, 1883 Arnold, Edward L July 3, 1871 Austin, Herbert May 22, 1885 APPENDIX C 273 Austin, James W Dec. 21, 1897 Austin, Walter June 4, 1894 B Bacon, Charles July 12, 1865 Bacon, Charles J April 24, 1889 Badger, Oliver H. Jr Oct. 6, 1871 Bailey, J. Whitman May 25, 1896 Bailey, Richard W Mar. 6, 1871 Balch, George H May 5, 1873 Baldwin, George H Mar. 25, 1908 Baldwin, L. Austin Feb. 13, 1861 Ball, Henry B Mar. 7, 1888 Bangs, Outram . May 15, 1885 Barbour, James H April 4, 1866 Barnes, Frank L June 3, 1868 Barnes, Thurlow Weed Aug. 12, 1889 Barney, J. J May 2, 1870 Barrett, Charles E April 18, 1892 Barroll, Thomas D , April 2, 1883 Bartlett, Matthew . Mar. 30, 1910 Barton, Frederick Dec. 13, 1865 Battelle, Eugene May 8, 1866 fBates, E. Carleton Dec. 4, 1861 fBaxter, Albert G. Jr Mar. 4, 1857 Baxter, Charles S Aug. 3, 1895 Beard, Edward L July 12, 1875 Beck, C. Bayard April 7, 1869 Beebe, J. Arthur June 7, 1880 Bemis, Henry H Dec. 20, 1892 Bemis, John W Mar. 3, 1897 Bennett, Jacob April 28, 1852 Bidwell, Charles E April 6, 1874 Bigelow, Albert S May 3, 1875 Bigelow, S. Lawrence May 24, 1887 Bigelow, William S Feb. 3, 1879 Billings, Oliver P. C Feb. 13, 1861 Bird, Edward V May 2, 1870 Blaess, Alexander April 25, 1890 Blake, Clarence J Sept. 5, 1879 Blake, Francis Minot Mar. 22, 1897 Blake, Gerald Mar. 17, 1908 Blaney, William B June 5, 1855 274 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Blodgett, William K Aug. 4, 1873 Blunt, Michael Angelo May 26, 1851 Boardman, Reginald Feb. 20, 1895 Bowditch, Edward June 6, 1870 Bowen, John T Aug. 12, 1889 Boyden, Charles July 12, 1875 Bradford, E. H April 5, 1880 Bradford, George G May 1, 1895 Bradlee, Arthur Tisdale Dec. 16, 1895 Bradlee, J. Frederick Jr Feb. 27, 1899 Bradley, Thomas D July 1, 1868 Braman, John W June 21, 1875 Bramhall, Thomas M May 6, 1857 Bremer, S. Parker Dec. 14, 1900 Brewer, Joseph April 1, 1868 Brewer, Nathaniel Jr April 2, 1894 Bridge, Harrison P Mar. 9, 1891 Briggs, Lowell C Oct. 28, 1892 Briggs, Walter M Nov. 16, 1896 Brigham, Edward A April 3, 1867 Brigham, N. M April 2, 1893 Brooke, Stopford W May 14, 1887 Brooks, James I May 6, 1872 Brooks, J. Edward April 10, 1905 Brooks, Morgan May 22, 1885 Brooks, William A May 11, 1888 Brown, Albert H Sept. 7, 1864 Brown, Alfred B May 10, 1865 Brown, Charles F May 26, 1851 Brown, H. B Brown, Howard N Mar. 9, 1896 Brownell, William F June 3, 1872 Bryant, Henry April 3, 1876 Bryant, John April 1, 1868 Bryant, William S May 19, 1885 Buckingham, Edwin B July 15, 1858 fBuckingham, Silas Holbrook July 15, 1858 fBulger, Richard J May 21, 1853 fBullens, George S Aug. 16, 1853 Bullock, Rufus A Sept. 5, 1879 Burgess, T. P Mar. 31, 1888 Burlen, Lorenzo W Nov. 6, 1871 Burlen, William H Nov. 6, 1871 Burnett, Marshall T Jan. 8, 1872 APPENDIX C 275 Burnett, Robert E. Burnett, Robert T. Burr, Horace F. . Burrage, Walter L. Burrell, Herbert L. Butler, Sigourney . June 18, 1890 Sept. 30, 1882 July 1, 1868 April 16, 1886 April 23, 1903 May 4, 1895 C Cabot, Arthur T June 21, 1875 Cabot, George E Oct. 14, 1891 Cabot, Samuel June 30, 1902 Callender, Henry B Aug. 10, 1889 Canavan, M. J July 5, 1880 Carpenter, E. D May 26, 1851 Carruth, William W Nov. 4, 1872 Carter, John W Nov. 3, 1869 Chadwick, Francis B June 4, 1877 Chadwick, George B Mar. 30, 1910 tChamberlin, Edwin M Feb. 13, 1861 Chandler, Francis W June 30, 1881 Chandler, Parker C May 5, 1873 Chapin, Edward F June 3, 1868 Chapin, Erving F Feb. 26, 1894 Chapin, Horace D Aug. 6, 1877 Chase, Robert S April 10, 1891 Chase, Stephen Aug. 12, 1889 fChenery, William Paul Feb. 13, 1861 Cheney, Charles P April 2, 1894 Chick, Isaac W Mar. 1, 1875 Chickering, Edward W Mar. 24, 1887 Churchill, John M. B May 14, 1891 Clark, Arthur H Feb. 2, 1874 Clark, B. Preston April 1, 1887 Clark, Ellery H Feb. 19, 1892 Clark, Frederick S April 6, 1874 Clarke, Addison L Sept. 5, 1870 Clarke, Eliot C Dec. 31, 1891 Cobb, Frederick C Jan. 20, 1890 Cobb, Richard April 2, 1894 Cochrane, F. B Aug. 2, 1882 Cochrane, Hugh June 10, 1879 Codman, James M. Jr April 22, 1895 Codman, John S April 8, 1901 276 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Codman, Robert Jr Mar. 21, 1887 Codman, S. R. H April 8, 1901 Codman, William April 29, 1884 Codman, William C. Jr Mar. 3, 1879 Coggeshall, Frederick April 30, 1895 Colby, Francis T June 29, 1908 Cole, Oliver H July 12, 1865 Coolidge, Algernon Jr Mar. 1, 1888 Coolidge, Charles A Dec. 30, 1881 Coolidge, Francis L April 24, 1889 Coolidge, Frederick S June 11, 1888 Coolidge, J. Templeman 3d April 6, 1874 Cooper, Charles A May 26, 1851 Corey, Edwin H April 19, 1882 Cotting, Charles E Aug. 11, 1886 §Cotton, Frank B May 10, 1865 fCotton, George H April 6, 1864 Cotton, J. Whitcomb Dec. 1, 1869 Cotton, William C June 6, 1870 Couvis, Charles E July 5, 1880 Craig, J. Hally Jan. 18, 1900 Craigin, George A Dec. 20, 1892 Crocker, Uriel H June 2, 1869 Crockett, Eugene A Aug. 27, 1892 Crowninshield, Benjamin W Mar. 2, 1870 Cummings, J. Bradley April 6, 1892 Cunningham, Caleb L Sept. 5, 1879 Cunningham, F. B July 24, 1890 Cunningham, T. B Feb. 13, 1861 Curtis, Charles P. Jr April 14, 1890 Curtis, James F May 25, 1900 Curtis, Louis Aug. 7, 1871 Cushing, George M Sept. 21, 1896 Cushing, Harvey W April 3, 1893 Cushing, Henry C. Jr April 28, 1892 Cushing, Nicholas C April 3, 1893 Cutler, Elisha P. Jr Jan. 4, 1875 Cutler, John W Dec. 16, 1909 D Daland, Tucker Dec. 7, 1874 Dale, Eben May 6, 1872 Dana, Richard H. Jr June 7, 1880 APPENDIX C 277 Davidson, William H April 4, 1866 Davis, Charles T May 20, 1890 Davis, Frank du P June 5, 1871 Davis, Harrison M Mar. 8, 1900 Davis, Horatio April 16, 1886 Davis, Joseph P Mar. 2, 1874 Dean, James April 5, 1906 Deblois, John E April 3, 1867 Deblois, N. James Dec. 4, 1871 DeMauriac, Percy H Dec. 24, 1900 Denison, John Hopkins Mar. 25, 1908 Dennett, Hartley April 26, 1895 Dennett, W. S. Jr Oct. 5, 1874 DeNormandie, Philip Y Feb. 9, 1900 Derby, Hasket June 6, 1870 Derby, Richard H April 4, 1866 Devlin, J. E. Jr Dec. 26, 1901 Dexter, Arthur W April 3, 1893 Dexter, Louis C Dec. 11, 1886 fDingley, James April 1, 1857 Dixwell, John Oct. 5, 1874 Dodd, Edward W Aug. 4, 1873 Dodd, John June 2, 1873 Dodge, John H. P June 4, 1877 Duff, John May 21, 1894 Dumaine, Frederick C July 13, 1894 Dumaresq, Francis June 11, 1884 Dumaresq, Herbert May 5, 1869 Dunlap, Charles M May 4, 1874 Dupee, Theodore D Feb. 2, 1880 E Eaton, Francis S Mar. 1, 1880 Edes, Richard E Dec. 8, 1890 Edes, Robert T April 16, 1883 Edmands, J. Cushing June 3, 1868 Edmands, Thomas F May 6, 1868 Edmands, Thomas S June 3, 1868 Eldridge, John S. Jr May 5, 1869 Elliott, George B July 5, 1880 Elliott, John W Nov. 2, 1874 Elliott, William H April 3, 1876 Ellis, Arthur B June 4, 1877 278 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Ellis, Rufus Jr July 29, 1884 Ells, A. Edward Feb. 1, 1906 Elwood, Frank W Oct. 5, 1874 Emery, F. F. Jr June 16, 1885 Eustis, Julian J May 6, 1878 Evans, Glendower May 21, 1884 Everett, Arthur G Nov. 17, 1880 Everett. Leo Jan. 22, 1894 F Fairchild, Gordon Mar. 30, 1910 Fay, Henry H May 6, 1868 Fay, Joseph S. 3d Jan. 11, 1894 Fenno, L. Carteret . June 12, 1876 Fessenden, Russell G. April 9, 1901 Field, Lowell T July 5, 1880 Field, William DeY Mar. 4, 1868 Filley, Oliver D April 10, 1907 Fisk, Frederick D Feb. 10, 1890 Fiske, Redington Nov. 3, 1909 Fitz, Alfred W July 26, 1887 Fitz, William S May 24, 1887 Fitzgerald, Harold Dec. 26, 1901 Flagg, Elisha 2d May 26, 1888 Flagg, John P. Jr April 3, 1867 Flagler, John H April 6, 1864 Folsom, Charles F April 22, 1881 Forbes, J. Malcolm Jr May 6, 1868 Ford, Edwin June 28, 1885 Forster, Horace W Nov. 2, 1874 Foster, Alfred D April 6, 1874 Foster, Charles H. W Mar. 21, 1883 fFoster, Eben B. Jr June 8, 1863 Fox, George B June 30, 1902 Francis, Joseph G April 6, 1870 Freeland, George B May 3, 1880 Frothingham, C. Mifflin Mar. 30, 1910 Frothingham, Louis A Dec. 13, 1897 Frothingham, R April 7, 1869 Fuller, Horace W Mar. 4, 1869 Fuller, Robert July 14, 1887 Fuller, T. Edward July 27, 1887 APPENDIX C 279 G Gardiner, Edward G May 14, 1885 Gardiner, Frank Gardiner, J. Tudor April 15, 1897 Gardiner, William H. Jr May 5, 1892 Gaugengigl, I. M Mar. 22, 1888 Gay, William Otis Feb. 8, 1895 Gerry, Allston June 2, 1869 Gibson, Charles DeW June 3, 1868 Gilbert, Amos H Feb. 13, 1861 Gilbert, A. M April 3, 1867 Gill, Charles S Sept. 2, 1868 Gillis, John P June 1, 1874 Gleason, Alexander DeW June 2, 1888 Goddard, Thatcher July 1, 1868 Goddard, William W Nov. 3, 1869 Going, Henry B July 1, 1868 Goldthwait, J. E Nov. 7, 1891 Goodnough, Xanthus H May 5, 1896 Goodwin, Frank July 3, 1866 Goodwin, Osias Jan. 2, 1871 Gookin, Charles B Nov. 17, 1880 Gossler, J. Henry Jr June 6, 1870 Gould, Alfred H Dec. 17, 1903 Gould, William H Jan. 2, 1861 Gowing, Franklin P April 5, 1892 Grant, Robert Nov. 3, 1873 Gray, Howard April 14, 1883 Gray, James Cunningham April 25, 1896 Gray, T. Fales Mar. 6, 1871 Gray, Thomas J Mar. 6, 1871 Gray, William 3d May 22, 1883 Greene, E. M Feb. 10, 1890 Greenleaf, Edward H July 26, 1884 Greenleaf, Louis Stone Feb. 8, 1895 Greenough, Joseph F Mar. 4, 1868 Greenough, Joseph S June 2, 1879 Grinnell, Charles E Sept. 19, 1881 Guild, Curtis Jr June 11, 1886 Guild, Frederick Jr June 2, 1879 Guiteras, Ramon May 29, 1882 280 THE UNION BOAT CLUB H Haines, George A Aug. 7, 1876 Hale, Edward J June 6, 1870 Hallowell, George H Aug. 19, 1901 Hamilton, Fred C April 7, 1869 Hamlin, George P July 25, 1895 Hanlon, T. J Aug. 8, 1878 Hapgood, Asa G May 2, 1887 Harding, Emor H June 16, 1884 Harding, Herbert L June 30, 1881 Hardy, Alpheus H July 3, 1871 Hardy, Edward E June 3, 1878 Harlow, G. A July 30, 1897 Harrington, Frank B Aug. 1, 1898 Harris, William L May 31, 1887 tHaskell, Walter P Sept. 1, 1885 Hastings, E. T Mar. 5, 1877 Hathaway, Horatio Jr April 5, 1900 Haughton, Lawrence April 27, 1885 Haven, George G April 4, 1887 Haven, Henry C June 2, 1879 Hay, Gustavus Jr Dec. 14, 1891 tHayes, George H Oct. 25, 1853 Haynes, George Aug. 7, 1876 Heard, Edmund April 14, 1904 Heard, John T. Jr April 2, 1894 Heath, Reginald C Mar. 9, 1903 Heath, Sydney April 5, 1865 Heaton, Robert C April 1, 1878 Henderson, Alexander April 5, 1900 Henshaw, Edward May 1, 1867 Herrick, Winslow April 4, 1866 Higginson, George Jr May 11, 1855 Higginson, Henry L May 1, 1855 Higginson, Louis May 1, 1867 Hill, Elbridge L June 4, 1877 Hill, George H. B April 5, 1865 Hill, James E. B. . . . Aug. 4, 1869 Hills, Edwin A June 2, 1879 Hinckley, Howard Mar. 30, 1882 Hinckley, Robert C Mar. 4, 1878 Hobart, Albert W Oct. 5, 1874 Hodges, William D June 30, 1884 APPENDIX C 281 Hodgson, Richard May 30, 1887 Holden, Artemas R. Jr May 6, 1872 Holder, Daniel C. Jr Oct. 14, 1891 Holder, Frederick B April 14, 1887 Holt, William L June 10, 1903 Holmes, Edward J June 5, 1871 Homans, John 2d April 14, 1890 Homer, Fred Feb. 2, 1880 Homer, Joseph W June 1, 1874 Homer, Robert April 7, 1869 Hooper, Arthur W July 3, 1876 Hooper, Charles R Mar. 30, 1882 Hooper, William July 1, 1872 Horton, William Langley Mar. 28, 1888 Houghton, Isaac H April 1, 1872 Howe, A. M Mar. 1, 1888 Howe, George P June 10, 1903 Howe, Henry M June 10, 1879 Howe, J. Murray May 13, 1881 Howe, J. S Sept. 24, 1887 Howe, Lemuel R July 2, 1877 Howe, Wallis E Nov. 7, 1890 Hubbard, C. Eustis April 3, 1867 Hubbard, Charles W Dec. 30, 1881 Hubbard, John G Mar. 3, 1879 Hubbell, J. Dana June 4, 1890 Humbert, John R June 7, 1880 Hunkins, George W April 1, 1857 Hurlbut, H. Landon Aug. 19, 1872 Hutchins, Edward W May 13, 1881 Hyde, Louis F April 3, 1893 I Iasigi, Joseph A Aug. 1, 1870 Inches, Charles E Nov. 1, 1875 Inches, George B June 2, 1879 Ingalls, Eugene H April 3, 1871 Ingraham, George H May 13, 1899 Ireland, Isaac M May 26, 1851 Ives, George A May 4, 1887 282 THE UNION BOAT CLUB J Jack, Edwin E Aug. 12, 1889 Jack, Frederick L June 1, 1886 JacksoD, Charles April 8, 1901 Jackson, Charles C Sept. 20, 1880 Jackson, James Sept. 1, 1885 Jackson, James M Dec. 20, 1899 Jacobs, Frederick B Mar. 2, 1894 Jacobs, H. B Aug. 10, 1888 James, George A Jan. 4, 1875 Jelliffe, W. Raymond April 5, 1906 Jewett, E. M May 6, 1878 Johnson, Frank April 3, 1893 Johnson, Nicolay T June 5, 1867 Johnson, Reginald H April 23, 1903 Johnson, Winchester June 6, 1870 Jones, Charles C May 5, 1869 Jones, Francis R July 16, 1898 Jones, Frederick P May 4, 1874 Jones, Henry B July 1, 1868 Jones, Henry C : Mar. 1, 1888 Jones, John C Mar. 11, 1882 Jones, Joseph C April 7, 1869 Jones, William E Aug. 24, 1885 K Keith, Walter L May 5, 1873 Kendall, Charles E May 10, 1865 Kennedy, William H Oct. 18, 1872 Keyes, George T , Nov. 10, 1890 Keyes, Henry W. . Mar. 26, 1888 Kidner, F. Clinton June 10, 1903 Kilburn, Henry W July 26, 1886 Kilvert, William H Feb. 13, 1861 Kimball, Benjamin Nov. 11, 1889 Kimball, George G May 15, 1876 tKimball, John July 9, 1851 King, Roland Oct. 6, 1873 Kingsley, Eugene E April 5, 1887 Knowles, C. F Aug. 6, 1877 Knudsen, Eric A Nov. 9, 1899 APPENDIX C 283 Lamb, Horace A June 12 Lambert, Edward W Mar. 6 Lambert, Henry F Feb. 7 Lambert, William B April 1 Lamson, Charles D Aug. 8 Lane, Daniel W Aug. 1 Langley, John E May 8 Lassiter, F. R May 4 Lathrop, John Aug. 7 Lawrence, James May 3 Lawrence, John S June 30 Lawrence, Prescott Sept. 5 Lawrence, Richard April 23 Lee, Frank W June 2, Lee, Henry Jr Sept. 5 Lee, Thomas April 22 Lee, William W July 3 Leganger, Nicolay T 1871 or 1872 Leonard, Henry B June 6, 1870 Leonard, John April 4, 1866 Lewis, George Jr June 18, 1883 Lewis, Weston Jr April 4, 1883 Lincoln, Frederick W. Jr Mar. 1, 1875 Lindsay, Thomas P April 23, 1907 Linzee, John T May 11, 1883 Little, Arthur D April 24, 1889 Little, Francis H Dec. 16, 1890 Little, Philip April 7, 1879 fLivermore, Charles E May 11, 1855 Lockwood, Rhodes Jr April 16, 1902 Lodge, Richard W April 24, 1895 Lombard, F. Howard June 27, 1885 Lombard, Howard June 12, 1876 Longfellow, Charles A Nov. 4, 1878 Lord, Frederick W Feb. 9, 1900 Lord, S. A Dec. 26, 1901 Loring, Alden P May 2, 1870 Loring, Robert G Feb. 6, 1894 Loring, Victor J. . . July 19, 1886 Loring, William C Sept. 5, 1879 Lovejoy, Joseph P Mar. 1, 1861 fLovejoy, Samuel M Feb. 13, 1861 1876 1867 1866 1868 1878 1870 1882 1887 1876 1875 1902 1879 1903 1873 1870 1881 1871 284 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Lovett, James D. W Aug. 1867 Lovett, Robert W Aug. 7, 1886 Lowd, Benjamin Frank May 26, 1851 Lowell, John A Aug. 1867 Lund, John Q May 26, 1851 M Mackay, William Dec. 20, Macomber, Frank G July 3, Macy, George N June 5, Mallon, C. Harrison Nov. 2, Manahan, Thomas April 16 Mandell, George S Jan. 17, Mann, Alexander April 17 : Manson, Charles F April 6 Manson, Thomas L. Jr April 7 Marsh, Edward D - April Marston, William S. O Dec. 22 Martin, Austin A June 10 Marvel, Charles K April 25 Masforroll, Manuel April 6 Mason, A. L June 10 Matthews, Nathan Jr May 13 McBurney, Henry H Jan. 5 McClennen, Edward F June 22 McCobb, Henry May 15 McConnell, Herbert B May 12 McDaniel, John W May 10 McKay, Theodore April 1 McKim, Charles F June 20 ; McLean, Henry April 28 McVickar, Edward June 21 Mehaffey, William A April 4 Meredith, J. Morris Aug. 6 Merriam, Arthur W June 2 Merwin, Henry C May 6 Meyer, George L May 13 Mifflin, George H April 24 Miles, Ralph C July 25 Millet, Joseph B May 22. Mills, Lloyd H Sept. 26 ; Minns, George F # June 30 Minot, Joseph B * May 3. 1892 1866 1871 1874 1902 1895 1906 1859 1869 1892 1860 1879 1900 1874 1879 1882 1870 1899 1876 1884 1865 1872 1887 1852 1897 1873 1877 1869 1878 1881 1889 1895 1885 1899 1902 1875 APPENDIX C 285 fMinot, William H Jan. 1, 1862 Mitchell, 0. R Aug. 12, 1889 Mixer, John Jr July 29, 1853 Morison, Horace April 23, 1907 Morrison, Samuel L. Oct. 6, 1873 Morse, Cabot J June 18, 1890 Morse, Charles J Mar. 1, 1875 Morse, Henry L Nov. 2, 1874 Morse, John G Feb. 13, 1861 Morse, John L April 2, 1894 Morse, John T. Jr Mar. 1, 1875 Morss, John Wells May 11, 1901 Moseley, Edward A April 9, 1884 Mosely, W. O. Jr July 2, 1877 Motley, E. P. Jr April 27, 1882 Mudge, H. Sanford July 1, 1872 Miiller, Leslie Aug. 29, 1882 Miiller, William Jr June 2, 1869 Munro, John C July 15, 1887 Munroe, Andrew T. H Nov. 7, 1866 Murphy, Fred F July 10, 1882 N Nairn, Charles S April 13, 1891 Nevin, Ethelbert April 14, 1890 Newell, Charles A April 6, 1874 Newell, Franklin S Aug. 22, 1899 Newell, James M April 8, 1901 Neyhart, Adnah Aug. 22, 1899 Nichols, Lyman Jr Aug. 7, 1871 Nourse, Frederick R Jan. 5, 1870 Nourse, Thorndike Sept. 5, 1870 Noyes, Edward P July 12, 1890 Nye, Norman McC Jan. 18, 1899 O O'Brien, William H July 1, 1868 Oliver, Charles E April 24, 1893 O'Neil, Richard F Aug. 19, 1901 O'Reilly, John Boyle April 22, 1881 Osgood, James R July 1, 1868 Osgood, William P June 27, 1887 286 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Otis, Edward O Mar. 11, 1891 Otis, Herbert F April 5, 1892 Otis, W. J Mar. 11, 1891 P Page, George H July 15, 1890 Page, James R May 5, 1869 Page, Walter May 6, 1868 Painter, Charles F May 5, 1900 Palmer, Henry W April 23, 1907 Parker, Frederic Nov. 10, 1890 Pa ker, J. Brooks May 6, 1878 Parker, J. Harleston Nov. 9, 1899 UParker, John D. Sr July 31, 1867 tParker, John D. Jr Dec. 7, 1859 Parker, William L Aug. 4, 1873 Parker, Fred T Oct. 7, 1878 Parks, Leighton Jan. 18, 1900 Parks, William H. A July 1, 1868 Partridge, Eugene E. . . . • Nov. 6, 1871 Pavenstedt, Edmund Jan. 13, 1892 Payson, Clifford C April 16, 1902 Peabody, Endicott April 2, 1883 Peabody, Francis W April 10, 1905 Peabody, Francis Jr April 1, 1878 Peabody, Harold Dec. 11, 1905 Peabody, W. Rodman Nov. 9, 1899 Pease, Edward A April 2, 1894 Pecker, Edward E June 16, 1884 Penhallow, Charles S April 2, 1877 Perkins, Charles B Jan. 18, 1899 Perkins, Robert S May 1, 1867 Perrin, Arthur Jan. 17, 1895 Phippen, Hardy June 18, 1890 Pierce, Edward F May 6, 1872 Pierce, George W May 5, 1873 Pingree, Frederick J June 6, 1870 Piatt, Floyd May 3, 1892 Pollard, D. Fred April 7, 1869 Porter, Alexander S May 1, 1871 Porter, Alexander S. Jr May 20, 1890 Porter, Benjamin C Nov. 3, 1873 Porter, Charles B Mar. 5, 1877 APPENDIX C 287 Porter, James Mar. 24, 1887 Pratt, Bela L Aug. 9, 1894 Pray, Charles H May 15, 1876 Preble, William April 15, 1883 Preston, George W ' April 7, 1869 Preston, Horatio W Sept. 1, 1869 Preston, J. Ashton Aug. 5, 1868 Preston, Richard April 16, 1886 Preston, Samuel S June 6, 1870 Preston, Willard April 7, 1869 Priest, Frank P July 3, 1871 Priest, Henry L July 3, 1871 Prince, Charles A Mar. 5, 1877 Prince, Gordon May 5, 1869 Prince, Morton May 19, 1882 Proctor, Frank I July 16, 1889 R Rand, Francis T July 3, 1871 Ransom, Jonathan H. Jr June 2, 1879 Redfield, Luther C April 6, 1874 Reed, John P April 7, 1869 Reggio, Andre C May 3, 1875 Repplier, J. Lancaster May 5, 1869 Revere, Joseph W May 8, 1868 Reynolds, Edward Mar. 22, 1887 Rhodes, Charles D June 3, 1868 Rice, George S May 6, 1872 Rice, Henry B April 5, 1865 Rice, Henry N April 15, 1897 Rice, L. Frederick April 6, 1874 Rice, William M Sept. 1, 1869 tRichards, Frank C May 26, 1851 tRichards, Frank G May 20, 1856 Richards, Henry June 6, 1870 Richards, H. C May 18, 1888 tRichards, Henry C April 6, 1859 Richards, Robert H May 10, 1865 Richardson, Charles F June 16, 1890 Richardson, Edward Dec. 5, 1870 Richardson, Gedney K June 5, 1867 Richardson, Spencer W May 6, 1857 Richardson, Thomas O June 16, 1883 288 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Ricketson, Walter Oct. 31, 1887 Ringot, Joseph H May 5, 1869 Ritchey, Richard Feb. 13, 1861 Roberts, George F Aug. 7, 1871 Roberts, W. Dewees . . . . ' April 24, 1889 fRobertson, Frank G {Robertson, Gilbert A June 20, 1854 Robeson, William R. Jr July 1, 1872 Robins, Richard Mar. 2, 1870 Robins, Richard Jr May 14, 1887 fRogers, Daniel W May 26, 1851 Rogers, Francis S Mar. 3, 1894 Rollins, Frank W Jan. 18, 1900 Ropes, William H. Jr April 7, 1873 Rousmaniere, John E April 10, 1905 Russell, Robert S June 3, 1868 S Sampson, Charles E June 3, 1878 Sanger, John W Feb. 2, 1880 fSargent, Daniel April 3, 1867 Sargent, Francis W Nov. 7, 1870 Sargent, Frank W April 20, 1866 Schroeder, Johan May 13, 1881 Scudder, Gardiner H April 2, 1894 Sears, Francis B May 4, 1874 Sears, George G Mar. 28, 1887 Sears, J. Montgomery June 6, 1883 Seaward, Henry H. Jr May 26, 1851 Sedgwick, William T May 3, 1888 Severance, Pierre C July 12, 1875 Sharp, John C. Jr May 18, 1888 Shattuck, George B July 3, 1876 Shaw, CO Sept. 4, 1884 Shaw, J. Oakes Jr Mar. 2, 1874 Shaw, Robert G Mar. 1, 1875 Shaw, Walter D Sept. 4, 1884 Sheaf, Edwin April 13, 1882 Shepard, L. D April 5, 1906 Shepard, T. O April 11, 1892 Shurtleff, Arthur A Dec. 14, 1900 Shurtleff, Harold Robert Dec. 30, 1909 Shute, Judson Mar. 17, 1860 APPENDIX C 289 Sibley, Henry C June 3, 1868 Sigoumey, Henry L Oct. 7, 1878 Simes, Robert F May 12, 1891 Simes, William May 3, 1880 Simmons, George W Feb. 10, 1890 Simpson, Frank E April 5, 1880 Simpson, George F Nov. 6, 1871 Sise, Frederick M Aug. 12, 1889 Skinner, Frank H May 2, 1870 Skinner, Frederic June 6, 1870 fSmalley, George W May 20, 1856 Smith, Henry A May 5, 1869 Snell, George Dec. 7, 1874 Snow, Edwin F April 1, 1856 Southgate, Richard S Feb. 13, 1861 Soutter, Robert April 14, 1890 Spelman, Henry M Aug. 30, 1897 Spooner, Henry G Aug. 2, 1886 Spooner, Henry T Dec. 8, 1885 Spooner, Joseph C April 3, 1876 Stackpole, Frederick D Sept. 19, 1881 Stanwood, Frederick April 9, 1901 Stephenson, Harris M July 1, 1868 Stevens, Henry A April 3, 1876 Stevens, Joseph C April 3, 1876 Stevenson, Robert H May 2, 1870 Stevenson, Thomas G Dec. 26, 1901 Stimpson, Geo. F Nov. 6, 1871 Stockton, Howard Nov. 1, 1875 Stowell, E. Channing April 30, 1895 Stuart, C. U April 24, 1889 Sturgis, Charles R July 1, 1896 Sturgis, Edward May 13, 1899 Sturgis, Francis S Nov. 7, 1870 Sturgis, Roger F Mar. 23, 1882 Sturgis, Russell 3d Feb. 3, 1879 Sumner, George S June 6, 1870 Swan, William D Mar. 1, 1888 Swan, William W Oct. 6, 1871 Sweet, Walter H April 4, 1866 Sweetser, Frank E June 2, 1873 Swift, Henry W April 5, 1875 Swift, John B June 25, 1883 Swift, William H Feb. 1, 1875 290 THE UNION BOAT CLUB T Taylor, Isaac H Mar. 6, 1871 Thacher, Thomas C Mar. 1, 1892 Thayer, Albert P Mar. 12, 1883 Thayer, John E June 30, 1881 Thayer, Nathaniel N July 5, 1880 Thayer, Samuel C May 24, 1887 Thomas, William Jan. 5, 1874 Thompson, Wilfred H Feb. 5, 1868 Thomson, Edward W Feb. 22, 1892 Thorndike, Augustus May 3, 1888 Thorndike, Paul July 12, 1890 Thurston, Charles S April 16, 1902 Tilden, C. Linzee April 7, 1869 Tilden, George H July 1, 1872 Tileston, Wilder . Mar. 8, 1898 Tilton, Barclay Jan. 11, 1894 Torroja, Joaquin M Sept. 19, 1881 Townsend, Henry E April 6, 1874 Trask, W. R April 13, 1891 Trowbridge, Alexander B April 6, 1892 Tuck, Henry Aug. 19, 1872 Tucker, Alanson June 3, 1868 Tudor, Henry Jan. 5, 1874 Twombly, Hamilton McK May 3, 1875 Tyler, John Jr Aug. 1867 Tyler, John F April 2, 1894 U Upham, George B Aug. 20, 1901 V Van Horn, Richard B. April 13, 1895 Van Praag, Samuel June 5, 1867 Van Straaten, Jacques April 11, 1887 Vose, Josiah H April 16, 1886 W Wade, Horace S Sept. 7, 1874 Wade, J. R April 10, 1887 APPENDIX C 291 Wadleigh, Herbert A April 14 Wadsworth, Alexander F Mar. 6 Wadsworth, Eliot April 14 Wadsworth, Herbert Mar. 1 Wadsworth, Richard G Dec. 6 Wainwright, Amory D Mar. 1 Wainwright, Henry Dec. 4 Wait, Edward R April 18 Walcott, Charles June 30 Walcott, Robert April 23 Walker, Arthur L April 6 Walker, Charles H May 2 Walker, Frank H Nov. 7 Walker, Harry H Mar. 15 Walker, James R June 2 Walker, James W. G July 1 Walker, Stoughton April 19 Walker, W. P Walley, J. C. Bates June 7 Walley, W. Phillips May 1 Walter, Howard Feb. 10 Ward, Clarence S Dec. 7 Ware, Richard D Jan. 18 Ware, Robert D April 29 Waraock, Adam Aug. 24 Warren, Hobart E July 21 Warren, John June 27 : Warren, Samuel D. Jr Sept. 22 ; Waters, Robert H. Jr May 5 Watson, Joseph May 26, Watson, Robert C. . May 4. Watson, Theodore S Dec. 17 Weatherbee, Karl Mar. 26 : Webster, Amos Jr April 1 Welch, Francis July 3 Weld, Charles G April 29 Weld, C.J f. April 16 Weld, George W May 5 Weld, William F. Jr June 3 Wellington, Fred A April 5 Wells, Charles B May 4 Wells, James H May 13 Wendell, M. R April 14 Wentworth, Charles F April 10 1904 1871 1904 1875 1904 1880 1871 1892 1902 1903 1870 1870 1866 1910 1869 1887 1882 1880 1867 1890 1874 1901 1895 1885 1896 1890 1878 1873 1851 1885 1903 1896 1856 1876 1886 1886 1869 1872 1865 1887 1881 1904 1891 292 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Wentworth, Mark H April 16, 1902 fWest, Frederick M Feb. 13, 1861 West, M. S Aug. 10, 1888 Wharton, Edward R May 15, 1876 Wheeler, Alfred A May 28, 1896 Wheelock, James A Sept. 5, 1854 Wheelwright, John T May 13, 1881 Wheelwright, John W April 1, 1872 Wheelwright, Henry M Jan. 18, 1898 Wheelwright, William B April 16, 1902 Whidden, Renton < May 4, 1891 White, Donald E Feb. 10, 1890 White, Franklin W Nov. 27, 1894 White, H. K June 18, 1887 White, James C Sept. 5, 1870 White, John E May 5, 1869 Whiteside, George S April 2, 1894 Whiting, Warren B July 3, 1876 tWhitman, Alfred Jr July 29, 1853 Whitman, Edmund P Aug. 10, 1888 tWhitman, Edmund S June 3, 1856 tWhitman, Henry July 15, 1858 Whitmore, C. J April 5, 1880 Whitney, James P Nov. 3, 1869 Whitney, John F April 2, 1894 Whitney, William F June 2, 1879 Whitney, William S June 6, 1870 Whittemore, James K Mar. 30, 1910 Wigglesworth, Edward May 3, 1880 Wilbur, Horace B June 3, 1868 Wilde, E. Cabot July 3, 1876 Wilde, George C Sept. 4, 1876 Wilder, Edward July 12, 1865 Wilder, Silas W April 6, 1870 Wilkinson, Edward T Dec. 1, 1869 Wilkinson, Guy June 24, 1886 tWillard, John A Aug. 5, 1853 Willard, Robert Aug. 19, 1872 Willey, Walter T Feb. 21, 1871 Williams, Arthur S May 2, 1887 Williams, Charles J Mar. 2, 1870 Williams, Edward R Jan. 18, 1893 Williams, Eldred C Sept. 12, 1883 Williams, Franklin D April 17, 1893 APPENDIX C 293 Williams, Henry M Aug. 10, 1888 Williams, John D Oct. 18, 1872 Williams, Moses Jr April 3, 1893 Williams, Reuel Mar. 2, 1870 Williams, Robert W Oct. 14, 1889 Williams, Sidney April 19, 1882 Williams, Sydney M July 18, 1896 Williams, Sydney W June 18, 1887 Wilson, Cecil P May 6, 1868 Wilson, Francis A April 14, 1890 Wilson, William Power Jan. 2, 1871 Winchester, Daniel L May 26, 1851 Windeler, G. Herbert May 6, 1895 Wood, Charles G. Jr April 5, 1875 Wood, Orrin Grant May 10, 1910 Wyett, Charles E June 6, 1854 Wyman, Henry A April 11, 1888 Y Young, B. Loring April 4, 1866 Young, Francis G April 2, 1877 Young, Frank H April 6, 1874 Z Zalinski, Edmund L Nov. 3, 1873 t Later elected to honorary membership. II Original election honorary. 294 THE UNION BOAT CLUB PRESENT MEMBERS OFFICERS President Hugh Cabot Vice-President Hugh Bancroft Captain John B. Hawes 2d. First Lieutenant George S. Derby Second Lieutenant Eliot Farley Third Lieutenant Romney Spring Treasurer Ralph May Secretary Arthur Drinkwater Directors George B. Magrath Robert P. Blake Earnest E. Smith APPENDIX C 295 ACTIVE MEMBERS The form in which the names of members appear is as of the time of election. In some instances suffixes, as "Jr." or "2d," were later dropped. The figures at the left of the names indicate the places where the members stand on the membership list. In the cases of members who were elected, resigned and were re- elected, the date of the first election is the one given. A 136 Abbott, Walter Aug. 12, 1889 76 Adams, Harry F July 16, 1889 367 Adams, Henry 2d . . '. April 14, 1904 288 Adams, Ivers Shepard Nov. 3, 1909 276 Adams, Zabdiel B Oct. 5, 1909 56 Allen, Gardner W May 6, 1886 270 Allen, Herbert S July 27, 1909 88 Amory, William 2d Mar. 1, 1892 4 Appleton, William Jr June 3, 1868 104 Ayer, Charles F Feb. 14, 1895 357 Ayer, Frederick Jr Mar. 30, 1910 175 Ayer, James B. Jr April 14, 1904 176 Ayer, Nathaniel F April 14, 1904 B 373 Bacon, Frederick C Feb. 21, 1911 46 Bacon, Robert Nov. 1, 1882 336 Bacon, Robert Low Feb. 10, 1910 254 Baldwin, Thomas Tileston July 14, 1909 386 Baldwin, Thomas Tileston Jr May 2, 1911 167 Bancroft, Guy Mar. 9, 1903 337 Barnes, Allan F Feb. 10, 1910 159 Barney, J. Dellinger April 16, 1902 211 Bazeley, William A. L June 26, 1897 358 Beale, Arthur M Mar. 30, 1910 146 Beals, Edward M May 5, 1900 338 Beals, George Charles Feb. 10, 1910 242 Bellows, Robert P April 16, 1909 296 THE UNION BOAT CLUB 169 Bentinck-Smith, W. F April 23 20 Bigelow, Joseph S April 5 396 Billings, Edmund April 5 200 Binney, Horace Feb. 1 339 Blake, Arthur Feb. 10. 106 Blake, Dehon April 11 12 Blake, Edward D April 3 172 Blake, Robert Fulton June 10. 64 Blake, Robert P May 16 21 Blake, William P Oct. 4 289 Blaney, Dwight Nov. 3 116 Bond, Stephen N July 11 255 Bottomly, John T July 14 256 Bourne, Frank A. July 14 290 Bouve, George Winthrop Nov. 3 225 Bowditch, Henry I Mar. 17 291 Bowen, Stephen Nov. 3 143 Braman, Dwight April 5 40 Braman, Granville D May 13 349 Bramhall, William C Mar. 15 36 Brandeis, Louis D May 3 61 Briggs, Frederick M May 2 201 Brooks, Lawrence G April 4 243 Brown, Lloyd T April 16 306 Bryant, Arthur P Dec. 16 374 Bryant, John Oct. 16 30 Bullock, Rufus A Sept. 5 377 Burdett, Paul April 21 257 Burlingham, Louis Herbert July 14 119 Burr, Allston Oct. 19 218 Burrill, Charles L April 23 107 Burroughs, George April 20 177 Burton, Roger O April 14 51 Bush, J. Foster Mar. 20 138 Butler, Charles S May 13 202 Butler, William M April 1 1903 1875 1892 1906 1910 1895 1867 1903 1887 1875 1909 1896 1909 1909 1909 1908 1909 1880 1881 1910 1880 1887 1906 1909 1909 1907 1879 1911 1909 1896 1907 1895 1904 1885 1899 1906 109 Cabot, Frederick P May 3, 1895 162 Cabot, Philip June 30, 1902 387 Cabot, William B May 2, 1911 292 Carleton, Philip G Nov. 3, 1909 166 Chase, William Chester Nov. 17, 1902 APPENDIX C 297 197 Cheever, David Dec. 11, 1905 258 Christian, Henry A July 14, 1909 307 Chute, Arthur L Dec. 16, 1909 129 Clark, Frank M Jan. 11, 1898 157 Clark, George Oliver May 24, 1901 89 Clark, Herbert April 3, 1893 259 Clark, J. Dudley July 14, 1909 73 Clark, J. Payson April 24, 1889 370 Clarke, James Freeman Nov. 25, 1910 9 Clarke, William B June 6, 1870 124 Cobb, Farrar . . June 11, 1897 118 Cobb, William . Sept. 23, 1896 130 Cochrane, A. Lynde Jan. 18, 1898 77 Codman, Edmund D July 16, 1889 102 Codman, Ernest Amory July 12, 1894 152 Codman, Stephen R. H April 9, 1901 38 Coffin, Rufus Nov. 17, 1880 189 Cole, Louis deP April 10, 1905 123 Coolidge, Harold Jefferson Mar. 20, 1897 125 Cotton, Frederic J July 7, 1897 203 Coues, Robert W April 4, 1906 140 Coues, William Pearce Nov. 9, 1899 6 Crocker, George G June 2, 1869 295 Crosbie, Arthur Hallam Nov. 3, 1909 260 Crosby, Raymond M July 14, 1909 219 Cross, Charles R. Jr April 23, 1907 95 Cummings, Charles K April 2, 1894 340 Cunningham, John Earl Feb. 10, 1910 29 Cutler, Elbridge G June 2, 1879 308 Cutler, Eliot C Dec. 16, 1909 32 Cutler, Robert N April 5, 1880 D 93 Dabney, Frederick L Feb. 26, 1894 68 Dakin, Arthur H Mar. 22, 1888 240 Davenport, Charles M Aug. 4, 1908 105 Davis, Arthur E July 9, 1886 126 Davis, Lincoln July 28, 1897 101 Dearborn, John Jan. 11, 1894 58 Deland, Lorin F Mar. 24, 1887 350 Denny, George P Mar. 15, 1910 230 DeNormandie, Robert L Mar. 25, 1908 186 Derby, George S Feb. 8, 1905 298 THE UNION BOAT CLUB 359 Dexter, G. Stillman Mar. 30, 1910 78 Dorr, George B Aug. 12, 1889 55 Downes, Frederick O April 26, 1886 190 Drinkwater, Arthur April 10, 1905 E 271 Eastman, Theodore J July 27, 1909 277 Edmunds, Horton Oct. 5, 1909 87 Ellis, Benjamin P June 24, 1891 14 Ellis, Edward C June 2, 1873 153 Ellis, John H April 9, 1901 310 Emerson, G. Dana Dec. 16, 1909 293 Emmons, Arthur Brewster 2d Nov. 3, 1909 244 Endicott, Thorndike H April 16, 1909 245 Ernst, Roger April 16, 1909 341 Eshleman, Frank M Feb. 10, 1910 1 Estabrook, George W April 5, 1865 F 212 Fabyan, Marshall April 10, 1907 278 Farley, Eliot . Oct. 5, 1909 184 Farley, John Wells Dec. 6, 1904 309 Fenger, Fred A Dec. 16, 1909 42 Fenno, J. Brooks Jr Dec. 20, 1881 388 Field, Whitcomb May 2, 1911 342 Fish, Erland Frederick Feb. 10, 1910 121 Fisher, Richard Arnold Mar. 4, 1897 120 Fiske, Charles H. Jr Dec. 28, 1896 360 Fitz, Reginald Mar. 30, 1910 279 Forbes, Henry S Oct. 5, 1909 351 Foster, Frederick Mar. 15, 1910 261 Fox, Thomas A July 14, 1909 241 French, Hollis Aug. 4, 1908 352 Frost, Walter A Mar. 15, 1910 280 Frothingham, Francis E Oct. 5, 1909 G 178 Galacar, Frederic R April 14, 1904 231 Gallaudet, Herbert Draper Mar. 25, 1908 99 Gardiner, J. Pennington June 4, 1894 311 Gardiner, Robert H Dec. 16, 1909 APPENDIX C 299 246 Gardiner, R. H. Jr April 16, 1909 127 Garfield, Irvin McDowell Sept. 7, 1897 147 Gay, Warren F May 5, 1900 191 George, E. Howard April 10, 1905 369 Gere, Ward N June 15, 1910 389 Gibbs, Frank E. Jr May 2, 1911 368 Gill, Austin Goddard May 10, 1910 281 Goodale, Francis G Oct. 5, 1909 192 Gordon, Donald April 10, 1905 112 Graves, William H Mar. 26, 1896 160 Gray, Edward Jr April 16, 1902 262 Gray, Ralph Weld July 14, 1909 115 Greeley, Norman F May 28, 1896 232 Greene, Edwin F Mar. 25, 1908 312 Greene, Henry C Dec. 16, 1909 220 Greenough, James J April 23, 1907 263 Greenough, Robert B July 15, 1909 294 Greenslet, Ferris Nov. 3, 1909 193 Gregg, Donald April 10, 1905 92 Guild, Charles E. Jr Nov. 2, 1893 57 Guild, Courtenay Sept. 28, 1886 H 378 Hale, Albert April 21, 1911 272 Hale, Matthew July 27, 1909 26 Hall, William S July 2, 1877 204 Hallett, Henry S May 3, 1895 70 Hammond, Samuel Jr May 10, 1888 179 Harding, Charles L April 14, 1904 313 Hardon, J. Bradford Dec. 16, 1909 74 Hardy, Alpheus S April 24, 1889 319 Hartwell, Charles A Dec. 30, 1909 247 Hartwell, John B. April 16, 1909 52 Haskell, George E April 27, 1885 154 Hawes, John B. 2d April 9, 1901 375 Henderson, Edward V April 14, 1904 96 Henderson, Walter P April 2, 1894 113 Herrick, Robert F Nov. 6, 1891 133 Higginson, Francis L. Jr Sept. 12, 1898 66 Hill, Arthur D Sept. 22, 1887 296 Hill, Edward B Nov. 8, 1909 273 Hobbs, Conrad July 27, 1909 139 Homans, John June 22, 1899 300 THE UNION BOAT CLUB 282 Homans, William P. Oct. 5, 1909 297 Hopkins, Frederick G Nov. 3, 1909 298 Hopkins, James C Nov. 3, 1909 390 Hopkins, Nathaniel W May 2, 1911 264 Hopkins, Samuel A July 14, 1909 248 Houghton, Frederick O April 16, 1909 283 Hovey, Edward Clarence Jr Oct. 5, 1909 158 Howe, Mark A. DeWolfe May 11, 1894 180 Hubbard, H. V April 14, 1904 379 Humphrey, Chester B April 21, 1911 361 Huntington, James Mar. 30, 1910 353 Hutchins, Henry T Mar. 15, 1910 J 15 Jackson, Frank July 14, 1873 299 Jackson, H. Arnold Nov. 3, 1909 394 James, Alexander R May 23, 1911 300 James, Henry 2d Nov. 3, 1909 314 Johnson, Granville Dec. 16, 1909 142 Jones, Daniel F Dec. 12, 1899 315 Jones, Eliot N Dec. 16, 1909 11 Jones, R. Heber July 1, 1872 K 301 Kendall, Alexander Nov. 3, 1909 391 Kent, Ira Rich May 2, 1911 L 165 Lawrence, James Jr Nov. 12, 1902 41 Lee, Elliot C. May 5, 1879 18 Lee, George May 4, 1874 221 Lee, Henry April 23, 1907 128 Lee, James S Dec. 19, 1897 233 Lee, Roger I Mar. 25, 1908 395 Lewis, Samuel W May 23, 1911 226 Lincoln, Alexander Mar. 17, 1908 343 Little, John Mason Feb. 10, 1910 194 Locke, Edwin A April 10, 1905 316 Lombard, Percival H Dec. 16, 1909 91 Longfellow, Richard K May 20, 1890 170 Lord, Bertram April 23, 1903 APPENDIX C 301 234 Lord, Frederick T Mar. 25, 1908 317 Lord, Henry G Dec. 16, 1909 67 Loud, Charles E Oct. 27, 1887 59 Loud, Joseph Prince April 8, 1887 320 Lucas, William P Dec. 30, 1909 100 Lund, Frederick B June 7, 1894 97 Lund, Joseph W April 2, 1894 380 Lunt, Lawrence K April 21, 1911 227 Luquer, Lynch Mar. 17, 1908 69 Lyman, C. Frederick May 9, 1888 M 284 MacAusland, A. R Oct. 5, 1909 135 Magrath, George B Oct. 19, 1898 3 Manning, Francis H May 6, 1868 265 Marshall, Andrew July 14, 1909 344 Mason, Henry Lowell Jan. 12, 1898 224 Mason, N. R Oct. 16, 1907 362 Maxwell, Frank R. Jr Mar. 30, 1910 205 May, Ralph April 5, 1906 148 Maynadier, G. Howard May 5, 1900 274 Mead, Louis Guy July 27, 1909 83 Means, James April 10, 1891 321 Means, James Howard Dec. 30, 1909 141 Merritt, E. Percival Nov. 29, 1899 266 Mifflin, G. Harrison Jr July 14, 1909 345 Minot, William Feb. 10, 1910 249 Mixter, George 2d April 16, 1909 381 Morgan, Lawrence W April 21, 1911 322 Morse, George W Dec. 30, 1909 346 Mumford, James G April 23, 1888 145 Murchie, Guy April 5, 1900 174 Murphy, Fred T Dec. 17, 1900 285 Murphy, Hermann Dudley Oct. 5, 1909 N 323 Nesmith, Fisher Dec. 30, 1909 250 Nichols, George April 16, 1909 82 Nutter, George R June 18, 1890 302 THE UNION BOAT CLUB O 22 Olmstead, James M Aug. 7, 1876 134 Olmsted, Frederick Law Jr Sept. 12, 1898 19S Osgood, Robert B Dec. 11, 1903 P 239 Palfrey, Francis W April 29, 1908 347 Parker, Samuel D Feb. 10, 1910 19 Parkman, Henry Feb. 1, 1875 302 Partridge, Olcott O Nov. 3, 1909 171 Payson, Samuel C April 23, 1903 354 Peirce, Thomas W Mar. 15, 1910 47 Penhallow, Thomas W June 4, 1883 363 Percy, Karlton G Mar. 30, 1910 213 Perkins, James H April 10, 1907 324 Perry, Arthur Jr Dec. 30, 1909 325 Perry, Henry H Dec. 30, 1909 108 Peters, Morris A ! . . . April ii, 1S95 9S Phelps, John S May 7, 1894 228 Powers, George H. Jr Mar. 17, 1908 364 Pratt, Daniel S. Jr Mar. 30, 1910 372 Pratt, Robert M June 3, 1878 63 Prescott, George J May 14, 1887 44 Preston, Gustavo July 22, 1882 27 Priest, Herbert G June 3, 1878 251 Proctor, Joseph Osborne Jr April 16, 1909 326 Prouty, Lewis I Dec. 30, 1909 48 Putnam, Charles P July 11, 1883 327 Putnam, George T Dec. 30, 1909 45 Putnam, James J Aug. 29, 1882 75 Putnam, William L Aug. 24, 1889 Q 210 Quinby, "William C April 17, 1906 R 355 Rackemann, Francis M Mar. 15, 1910 53 Read, N. Goodwin May 4, 1885 137 Rice, Arthur W Jan. 18, 1899 181 Rice, John C April 14, 1904 APPENDIX C 303 8 Richards, George H Mar. 2, 1870 37 Richards, William R June 7, 1880 23 Richardson, Maurice H Mar. 5, 1877 286 Richardson, Maurice H. Jr Oct. 5, 1909 371 Risley, Edward H Nov. 25, 1910 252 Rivers, Robert Wheaton April 16, 1909 235 Robbins, Chandler Mar. 25, 1908 236 Robbins, William Bradford Mar. 25, 1908 2 Robins, Edward B April 4, 1866 365 Robins, Edward B. Jr Mar. 30, 1910 25 Rothwell, William H June 4, 1877 110 Rust, F. L. D July 25, 1895 S 356 Sampson, Thompson S Mar. 15, 1910 43 Sargent, George A June 15, 1882 382 Sargent, Sullivan A April 21, 1911 182 Schlesinger, Barthold April 14, 1904 79 Scudder, Charles L Aug. 12, 1889 13 Seabury, Frank May 5, 1873 24 Sears, David April 2, 1877 80 Sears, George O Aug. 12, 1889 163 Selfridge, George S June 30, 1902 84 Sewall, Rufus L April 10, 1891 28 Shattuck, Frederick C Sept. 2, 1878 155 Shattuck, George C April 9, 1901 328 Shaw, Quincy Adams Dec. 30, 1909 71 Sherman, John P. R May 24, 1888 275 Shuebruk, Walter July 27, 1909 185 Simmons, Channing C Dec. 6, 1904 49 Simmons, Thornton H May 31, 1884 50 Simpson, Frederick . July 1, 1884 392 Skillings, William E May 2, 1911 214 Smith, Earnest Everett April 10, 1907 215 Smith, W. H April 10, 1907 329 Smith, William Lord April 24, 1889 81 Soren, Walter April 14, 1890 149 Spring, Romney May 18, 1900 253 Stanton, Horace B April 16, 1909 330 Stanwood, Philip C Dec. 30, 1909 199 Stetson, Charles Dec. 11, 1905 216 Stevens, Arthur W April 10, 1907 206 Stevenson, R. H. Jr April 5, 1906 304 THE UNION BOAT CLUB 237 Stone, Charles A Mar. 25, 1908 222 Stone, Charles W April 23, 1907 122 Stone, James S Mar. 11, 1897 111 Storrow, Edward C Feb. 14, 1896 72 Storrow, James J. Jr Aug. 10, 1888 7 Sturgis, Charles W June 2, 1869 161 Sturgis, James McCulloch April 16, 1902 103 Sturgis, R. Clipston June 18, 1882 207 Swaim, Loring T April 5, 1906 187 Swaim, Roger D Feb. 8, 1905 331 Swain, Howard T Dec. 30, 1909 85 Sweet, Henry N April 16, 1891 287 Swift, John B. Jr Oct. 5, 1909 T 348 Taft, Edward A. Jr Feb. 10, 1910 303 Taintor, Charles Wilson Nov. 3, 1909 267 Talbot, Fritz B July 14, 1909 318 Tappan, Robert M Dec. 16, 1909 144 Thayer, Lucien S Mar. 8, 1900 90 Thorndike, Albert April 3, 1893 156 Thorndike, Sturgis Hooper April 9, 1901 332 Thorndike, Townsend W Dec. 30, 1909 304 Ticknor, Benjamin H. Jr Nov. 3, 1909 150 Tisdale, Archibald R Jan. 18, 1901 238 Torbert, James R Mar. 25, 1908 31 Torrey, Charles Sept. 5, 1879 60 Townsend, Charles W April 30, 1887 62 Townsend, William S May 2, 1887 86 Tudor, Frederick Jr June 25, 1887 94 Tyson, George Mar. 6, 1894 V 114 Vaughan, Henry G April 25, 1896 33 Vaughan, William W April 5, 1880 65 Vickery, Herman F July 12, 1887 208 Vincent, Beth April 5, 1906 W 333 Ware, Charles Eliot Jr Dec. 30, 1909 188 Warner, Roger S Feb. 8, 1905 APPENDIX C 305 383 Warren, Samuel D April 21, 1911 229 Waterbury, Julius B. . . Mar. 17, 1908 268 Waterman, George A July 14, 1909 173 Waters, Bertram G June 10, 1903 209 Webster, Harrison B April 5, 1906 17 Welch, Francis C April 6, 1874 131 Weld, Bernard Coffin Jan. 29, 1898 376 Wellington, Louis B Feb. 21, 1911 223 Wheeler, Edward C. Jr April 23, 1907 287 Wheelwright, William B Oct. 5, 1909 132 Whiteside, Alexander Jr April 25, 1898 334 Whiting, Max O Dec. 30, 1909 164 Whitney, Nelson June 30, 1902 305 Whittemore, Wyman April 16, 1902 366 Wiggins, Charles 2d Mar. 30, 1910 39 Wigglesworth, George Feb. 2, 1881 217 Wight, Delano April 10, 1907 5 Wightman, Luther H May 5, 1869 10 UWilliams, Charles H Dec 4, 1871 34 Williams, Francis H Dec. 4, 1871 384 Williams, Oliver E April 21, 1911 335 Williams, Sydney C Dec. 30, 1909 397 Withington, Paul Aug. 28, 1911 385 Wodell, R. A April 21, 1911 183 Wood, Grahame April 14, 1904 269 Wood, Nathaniel K July 14, 1909 196 Woodworth, Arthur V May 8, 1905 Y 393 Young, Edward L. Jr May 2, 1911 35 Young, James H April 5, 1880 LIFE MEMBERS §168 Bancroft, Hugh Mar. 9, 1903 §151 Cabot, Charles M April 9, 1901 §117 Cabot, Hugh Aug. 3, 1896 § 16 Eaton, William S. Jr April 6, 1874 || Resumed active membership after election to honorary membership. § Formerly active member. 306 THE UNION BOAT CLUB § 54 Milliken, Arthur N April 16, 1886 §195 Shattuck, Henry L April 10, 1905 HONORARY MEMBERS §Andrews, John A Feb. 13, 1861 §Borland, William G April 6, 1886 §Brackett, Henry H Feb. 1, 1860 Bryant, Nathaniel H June 3, 1857 §Carpenter, William H Dec. 7, 1859 §Fay, Joseph S. Jr July 3, 1867 §Fenno, Edward N Nov. 7, 1866 §Haskell, Lyman May 23, 1857 §Kellogg, Warren F Oct. 20, 1884 §King, L. Stone Nov. 1, 1865 §Livermore, Horatio P May 11, 1855 §Smith, George Moore April 7, 1858 §Smith, Melvin S July 15, 1858 §Van Rensselaer, A. Van C Aug. 2, 1882 §Warren, J. Collins June 7, 1880 § Formerly active member. APPENDIX D WINNERS OF CUP RACES FOR SINGLE SCULL CHAMPIONSHIP OF UNION BOAT CLUB, CHARLES RIVER, BOSTON May 7, 1866. 2 miles with turn. E. B. Robins. Time, 19m. May, 1866. 2 miles with turn. E. B. Robins. Time, 18m. 23s. June, 1866. 2 miles with turn. F. W. Sargent. Time, 17m. 30s. Aug., 1866. 2 miles with turn. L. S. King (record lost). June 27, 1867. 2 miles with turn. L. S. King. Time, 16m. 38s. May 13, 1868. 2 miles with turn. J. S. Fay Jr. Time, 18m. 30s. May 26, 1870. 2 miles with turn. J. S. Fay Jr. Time, 16m. 54s. Oct. 1, 1870. 2 miles with turn. Wm. Appleton Jr. Time 19m. 393,4s. May 29, 1871. 2 miles with turn. Wm. Appleton Jr. Time, 19m. 18s. Oct. 7, 1872. 2 miles with turn. Wm. Appleton Jr. Oct. 1, 1874. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. Time, 16m. 50s. Oct. 5, 1875. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. Time, 17m. 55s. May 31, 1876. 2 miles with turn. George Lee. Time, 16m. 23s. 307 308 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Oct. 12, 1876. 2 miles with turn. George Lee. Time, 15m. 31s. June 2, 1877. 2 miles with turn. I. H. Houghton. Time, 16m. 17s. Oct. 2, 1877. 2 miles with turn. George Lee. Time, 15m. 32s. Oct. 5, 1878. 2 miles with turn. I. H. Houghton. Time, 14m. 31s. June 5, 188.0. 2 miles with turn. George Lee. Time, 14m. 47s. Oct. 9, 1880. 2 miles with turn. Charles Torrey. Time, 16m. 4s. June 23, 1881. 2 miles with turn. I. H. Houghton. Time, 15m. 25l/ 2 s. June 28, 1882. 2 miles with turn. R. N. Cutler. Time, 16m. 17%s. Oct. 4, 1882. 2 miles with turn. R. N. Cutler. Time, 16m. 45s. May 27, 1887. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. Time, 16m. 49s. Nov. 10, 1887. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. June 16, 1888. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. Time, 19m. 10s. Oct. 18, 1888. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. May 18, 1889. 2 miles with turn. W. S. Eaton Jr. Time, 16m. 30s. May 30, 1890. R. P. Blake. June 13, 1891. J. Van Stratten. Oct. 11, 1892. F. Tudor Jr. Oct. 30, 1893. 1% miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. Oct. 8, 1894. ll/ 2 miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. June 13, 1895. iy 2 miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. Time, 12m. 20s. June 16, 1896. 1% miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. Time, 10m. 48s. APPENDIX D 309 Oct. 15, 1896. ll/ 2 miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. Time, 11m. 31s. May 21, 1897. iy 2 miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. Time, 11m. 34s. Oct. 6, 1897. iy 2 miles with turn. F. Tudor Jr. Time, 11m. 29%s. Oct. 11, 1899. 1% miles with turn. W. P. Henderson. 1900. 1% miles with turn. R. P. Blake. June 13, 1901. 1% miles with turn. W. P. Henderson. Sept. 4, 1903. iy> miles with turn. W. P. Henderson. RACES IN WHICH THE UNION BOAT CLUB HAS HAD ENTRIES (This list may not be complete, and additions or corrections will be welcomed by the Secretary of the Club.) Sept. 13, 1853. Regatta at Hull. Four oars and six oars. 7 miles. Four entries. Time, 33m. 15s. First, U. B. C, W. D. W. Allan, A. Whitman Jr., H. C. Ahlborn, R. J. Bulger ; Second, U. B. C. July 4, 1854. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Two, four, six and eight oars. 6 miles. Eight entries. The U. B. C. four was disabled. Single Sculls. 3 miles. Time, 30m. 55s. First, U. B. C, W. D. W. Allan. June, 1855. Charles River Amateur Boat Club Asso- ciation Regatta. U. B. C. wherry. U. B. C. four. Several other entries. July 21, 1855. Connecticut River, Springfield, Mass. 3 miles, with turn. Time, 21m. 45s. Time row, scratch crew, composed of J. Ewing (Harvard), L. Ewing (Harvard), A. E. R. Agassiz (Har- 310 THE UNION BOAT CLUB vard), W. D. W. Allan, A. Whitman Jr., H. C. Ahlborn. Oct. 27, 1855. Charles River Amateur Boat Club As- sociation Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Six oars and four oars. 2 miles. Three or four entries. Time, 25m. 3s. Second, U. B. C, H. P. Livermore, H. C. Ahlborn, A. Whitman Jr., D. W. Rogers, R. J. Bulger, G. Higginson Jr. June 23, 1856. Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association. Four and six oars. 3 miles. Time, 22m. 33s. Four or five entries. First, Valant Boat Club; Second, U. B. C, G. W. Smalley, A. Whitman Jr., F. G. Richards, H. P. Livermore. Single Sculls. 2 miles. Two entries. Time, 17m. 3s. First, U. B. C, A. Whitman Jr. June 13, 1857. Beacon Cup Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Six and eight oars. 3 miles. Time, 19m. 51s. First, U. B. C, E. S. Whitman, stroke, G. W. Smalley, N. H. Bryant, A. G. Baxter Jr., A. Whitman Jr., A. Webster Jr.; Second, Harvard eight. 20m. 20 1 /2S. Third, Urania Club ; Fourth, Harvard six; Fifth, Harvard six. July 4, 1857. New Bedford City Regatta, New Bed- ford, Mass. Entries, 30 whaleboats. First, U. B. C, A. Whit- man Jr., G. W. Smalley, G. W. Hunkins, A. Webster Jr. July 4, 1857. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. 3 miles. Time, 24m. First, Henry Whitman (not yet a member of U. B. C. but elected soon afterwards). June 22, 1859. Beacon Cup Regatta. Charles River, Boston. APPENDIX D 311 Double Sculls. 2 miles. Three entries. Time, 14m. 31s. First, U. B. C, W. H. Carpenter, H. H. Brackett. July 4, 1859. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Double Sculls. 2 miles. Four entries. Time, 14m. 49s. Second, U. B. C, W. H. Carpenter, H. H. Brackett. Oct. — , 1859. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Three entries. First, Joshua Ward (Champion of America) ; Third, U. B. C, A. Whitman Jr. (Whitman led at stake but disabled his left arm). Oct. — , 1859. New Bedford, Mass. Four oars. Four or five entries. First, U. B. C, H. Whitman, A. G. Baxter Jr., J. Dingley, A. Webster Jr. May 11, 1860. Amateurs' Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Novice Single Sculls. 2 miles. Five entries. Time, 17s. First, U. B. C, J. D. Parker Jr. June 18, 1860. Seventeenth of June Regatta. Mystic River, Charlestown, Mass. Single Sculls. 2 miles. Five entries. Time, 15m. 42s. First, U. B. C, M. S. Smith. Four oars. 6 entries. Time, 14m. 23s. First, Harvard College Sophomores; Second, U. B. C, A. Webster Jr., A. Whitman Jr., H. Whitman, W. H. Carpenter, A. G. Baxter Jr., J. Dingley. The Harvard Varsity entered but was disabled. July 4, 1860. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Four and six oars. 3 miles. Four entries. Time, 18m. 53%s. U. B. C. broke outrigger and with- drew. A. Whitman Jr., W. H. Carpenter, A. G. Baxter Jr., H. Whitman, F. B. Cotton, cox. 312 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Single Sculls. Six entries. Time, 14m. 2 1 /£s. First, U. B. C, M. S. Smith. July — , 1860. Citizens' Regatta. Lake Quins igamond, Worcester, Mass. Six oars. Three entries. Time, 18m. 37s. First, Newbury, N. Y; Second, Yale; Third, U. B. C. July 23, 1860. Beacon Cup Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. Several entries. First, U. B. C, M. S. Smith. July 4, 1861. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Double Sculls. 2 miles. Four entries. Time, 12m. 54l/ 2 s. First, U. B. C, J. D. Parker Jr., W. H. Carpenter; Second, Joshua Ward (Champion of America), G. W. Shaw. July 4, 1862. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Six oars. 3 miles. Two entries. First, U. B. C, J. Dingley, stroke, J. G. Morse, C. F. Manson, S. M. Lovejoy, E. W. Chamberlin, J. P. Love- joy, bow. Four oars. 3 miles. Three entries. Time, 21m. ll/ 2 s. Third, U. B. C, W. H. Carpenter, stroke, W. H. Minot, A. G. Baxter Jr., Henry Whitman, bow, F. B. Cotton, cox. July 4, 1866. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Four oars. 3 miles. Six entries. Time, 20m. 39s. U. B. C. not placed. L. S. King, stroke, H. F. Lambert, G. H. B. Hill, E. B. Robins, bow. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Five entries. Time, 17m. Fifth, U. B. C, F. W. Sargent. June 17, 1867. Mystic River, Charlestown. Four oars. 4 miles (1 mile and return twice). Five entries. Time, 29m. Third, U. B. C, L. S. King, APPENDIX D 313 stroke, J. E. Deblois, R. H. Richards, G. H. B. Hill, bow. July 4, 1867. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. 2 miles. Eight entries. Time, 17m. 48s. L. S. King, not placed. May 22, 1868. New England Rowing Association Regatta. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Eight entries. Time, 15m. 31s. First, U. B. C, J. Tyler Jr.; Second, U. B. C, J. S. Fay Jr. ; Sixth, U. B. C, Wm. Appleton Jr. June 17, 1868. Mystic River, Charlestown. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Seven entries. Time, 15m. 2s. First, U. B. C, J. S. Fay Jr.; Third, U. B. C, W. Appleton Jr. Four oars. 4 miles (1 mile and return twice). Six entries. Time, 28m. 49s. Third, U. B. C, D. Sargent, bow, L. S. King, J. S. Fay Jr., J. Tyler Jr., stroke. July 4, 1868. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Three entries. Time, 15m. 35s. Third, U. B. C, J. Tyler Jr. Double Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Six entries. Time, 14m. 24%s. First, U. B. C, J. Tyler Jr., J. S. Fay Jr. July 4, 1868. Lowell City Regatta. Merrimack River, Lowell. Single Sculls. 2 miles. Four entries. Time, 15m. 49s. First, U. B. C, J. S. Fay Jr. April 8, 1869. Mystic River, Charlestown. Four oars. 2% miles, with turn. Four entries. Time, 17m. 55s. Fourth, U. B. C, D. Sargent, bow, J. Tyler Jr., E. N. Fenno, J. S. Fay Jr., stroke. 314 THE UNION BOAT CLUB June 15, 1869. New England Rowing Association Re- gatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Seven entries. Time, 16m. 48s. Second, U. B. C, W. Appleton Jr. ; Fourth, U. B. C, J. Tyler Jr. June 17, 1869. Mystic River, Charlestown. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Four entries. Time, 14m. 17s. Third, U. B. C, L. S. King. June 17, 1870. Mystic River, Charlestown. Single Sculls. 2 miles, with turn. Three entries. Time, 15m. 41s. Second, U. B. C, W. Apple- ton Jr. July 4, 1872. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. 2 miles. Six entries. Time, 15m. 16s. U. B. C. entries, J. A. Lowell, J. G. Francis, not placed. Oct. 3, 1874. Jamaica Pond Regatta, Jamaica Pond, Boston. Four oars. 1% miles, with three turns. First, U. B. C, R. H. Jones, stroke, W. S. Eaton Jr., E. C. Ellis, C. H. Williams, bow. Other erftries, Jamaica Boat Club, Brookline Boat Club. Single Lapstreaks. % mile, with turn. Four en- tries. Time, 6m. 10s. First, U. B. C, W. S. Eaton Jr. July 5, 1875. Jamaica Pond Regatta. Jamaica Pond, Boston. Four oars. 1% miles. Second, U. B. C, , stroke, W. S. Eaton Jr., H. Parkman, , bow. Single Sculls. First, U. B. C, W. S. Eaton Jr. July 4, 1877. Jamaica Pond Regatta, Jamaica Pond, Boston. Single Sculls. 1% miles. Three entries. Time, 6m. 6s. First, U. B. C, Frank Seabury. APPENDIX D .315 May 18, 1878. Race with Harvard University Eight. Charles River, Boston. Four oars. 2 miles, with turn. Time, 13m. 27s. First, U. B. C, F. Peabody Jr., stroke, C. H. Williams, I. H. Houghton, R. H. Jones, bow. May 30, 1878. Eastern Rowing Association Regatta. Silver Lake, Newton. Single Sculls. 2 miles. Six entries. Time, 14m. 13%s. First, Pawtucket, R. I.; Second, Har- vard B. C; Third, U. B. C, I. H. Houghton. July 5, 1880. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Single Sculls. Three miles. Nine entries. Time, 23m. 22s. Third, U. B. C, G. Lee. July 4, 1881. City of Boston Regatta. Charles River, Boston. 3 miles. Nine entries. Time, 22m. 24s. F. Holmes, not placed. I. H. Houghton, not placed. April 19, 1883. Race with Harvard Freshmen Eight. Charles River, Boston. 1 mile. First, U. B. C, F. Peabody Jr., stroke, R. H. Dana Jr., Smith, N. Bingham, R. Bacon, W. S. Eaton Jr., C. H. Williams, R. H. Jones, bow, Walker, cox. May 5, 1883. Race with Harvard University Eight. Charles River, Boston. 1% miles. First, U. B. C, R. H. Jones, bow, I. H. Houghton, W. S. Eaton Jr., R. H. Dana, Smith, N. Bingham, C. H. Williams, R. Bacon, stroke. Sept. 4, 1893. Labor Day Regatta of New England Amateur Rowing Association. Charles River, Boston. Junior Doubles. 1% miles, with turn. Time, 12m. 5s. First, U. B. C, F. Tudor Jr., stroke, H. C. Cushing Jr. ; Second, Shawmut R. C. 316 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Sept. 5, 1894. Labor Day Regatta of New England Amateur Rowing Association. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Singles. 2 miles. Time, 10m. 28s. First, Bradford B. C. ; Second, Riverside B. C. ; Third, Riverside B.C.; Fourth, U. B. C., F. Tudor, Jr. Junior Fours. Time, 10m. 2%s. First, U. B. C, J. W. Lund, bow, W. P. Henderson, T. H. Sim- mons, F. Tudor Jr., stroke ; Second, Crescent B. C. June 17, 1896. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Singles. Time, 11m. 41s. First, U. B. C, R. P. Blake; Second, Riverside B.C.; Third, Weld B. C. June 17, 1897. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Singles. Time, 11m. 35s. First, Massa- chusetts B.C.; Second, U. B. C, J. P. Gardi- ner; Third, Weld B. C. ; Fourth, Lynn A. & R.C. Intermediate Singles. Time, 11m. 16s. First, Weld B.C.; Second, U. B. C, R. P. Blake; Third, Lynn A. & R. C. ; Fourth, City Point R. C. July 5, 1897. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Doubles. Time, 10m. 22s. First, U. B. C, J. P. Gardiner, bow, W. P. Henderson, stroke; Second, Riverside B.C.; Third, Bradford B.C. Intermediate Singles. Time, 11m. ll%s. First, U. B. C, R. P. Blake; Second, Riverside B. C. Sept. 6, 1897. Annual Labor Day Regatta of New England Amateur Rowing Association. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Singles. Time, 11m. 25%s. First, Springfield B.C.; Second, U. B. C, J. P. Gardiner. APPENDIX D 317 June 17, 1899. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Fours. Time, 9m. 35s. First, U. B. C, A. S. Hardy, bow, H. Cabot, R. P. Blake, G. B. Magrath, stroke; Second, Weld B. C. July 29, 1899. National Association of Amateur Oars- men Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Doubles. Time, 10m. 2%s. First, Jeffries Point R. A. ; Second, Boston Athletic Association; Third, Malta B.C., Philadelphia; Fourth, Y. M. Gymnastic R. C, New Orleans ; Fifth, Dauntless R. C, New York; Sixth, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson, stroke, J. P. Gar- diner, bow. June 18, 1900. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Fours. Time, 9m. 58%s. First, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson, bow, A. S. Hardy, R. P. Blake, G. B. Magrath, stroke; Second, Weld B. C. Novice Singles. Time, 12m. 17s. First, U. B. C, A. S. Hardy; Second, Weld B. C; Third, Weld B.C. Senior Singles. Time, 11m. 2%s. First, Jeffries Point B.C.; Second, Weld B.C.; Third, U. B. C, R. P. Blake; Fourth, Boston Athletic Association; Fifth, Springfield B.C. July 4, 1900. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Fours. Time, 10m. 6s. First, Jeffries Point R. A.; Second, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson, bow, R. P. Blake, L. Davis, G. B. Magrath, stroke. Intermediate Singles. Time, 12m. 28s. First, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson; Second, Union B. C. of New York. 318 THE UNION BOAT CLUB June 17, 1901. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Singles. Time, 11m. 15s. First, Bradford B. C. ; Second, U. B. C., J. P. Gardiner. Senior Fours. Time, 9m. 30s. First, Newell B. C. ; Second, Millstream B. C; Third, U. B. C, G. O. Clark, bow, J. B. Hawes 2d, W. P. Henderson, G. B. Magrath, stroke. July 4, 1901. New England Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Singles. Time, 10m. 37%s. First, Wachu- sett B.C.; Second, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson; Third, St. Alphonsus A. A. ; Fourth, Jeffries Point R. A. Intermediate Singles. Time, 10m. 37s. First, Laureat B. C. (Troy, N. Y.) ; Second, U. B. C, J. P. Gardiner; Third, Boston Athletic Associa- tion ; Fourth, Riverside B. C. ; Fifth, Shawmut B.C. Sept. 2, 1901. New England Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Fall Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Singles. Time, 10m. 30s. First, Riverside B.C.; Second, U. B. C, George Lee; Third, Arlington B. C. Association Singles. Time, 10m. 40s. First, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson ; Second, Boston Athletic Association; Third, Bradford B.C. Junior Singles. Time, 11m. 2%s. First, U. B. C, G. O. Clark; Second, Quincy B.C. (Worcester, Mass.); Third, Shawmut R. C; Fourth, Cum- berland R. A. (Portland, Me.). June 21, 1902. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Singles. Time, 10m. 58s. First, Boston Athletic Association; Second, Riverside B.C.; APPENDIX D 319 Third, Boston Athletic Association; Fourth, Newell B.C.; Fifth, U. B. C., George Lee. June 17, 1903. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Singles. Time, 11m. 6s. First, U. B. C, R. P. Blake; Second, Boston Athletic Associa- tion; Third, Shawmut B.C.; Fourth, Boston Athletic Association. Senior Eights. Time, 8m. 52s. First, U. B. C, E. Gray Jr., bow, W. P. Henderson, J. B. Hawes 2d, R. Lawrence, G. B. Magrath, H. Bancroft, J. Lawrence Jr., G. Bancroft, stroke, G. C. Shattuck, cox. ; Second, Riverside B. C. July 2, 1903. American Rowing Association Regatta. Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pa. First Singles. Time, 9m. 22s. First, Boston Ath- letic Association; Second, U. B. C, R. P. Blake; Third, Dolphin Club. First Eights. Time, 6m. 38s. First, Argonaut; Second, Yale Freshmen; Third, University of Pennsylvania; Fourth, U. B. C, E. Gray Jr., bow, W. P. Henderson, J. B. Hawes 2d, R. F. Blake, G. B. Magrath, H. Bancroft, J. Lawrence Jr., G. Bancroft, stroke, G. C. Shattuck, cox. Substitutes, R. Lawrence, J. H. Ellis, R. P. Blake. July 25, 1903. St. Joseph's Athletic Association Re- gatta. Charles River, Boston. Novice Singles. 1% miles. Time, 13m. 15%s. First, U. B. C, J. B. Hawes 2d; Second, St. Joseph's A. A. Senior Singles, l 1 /^ miles. Time, 11m. 49s. First, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson; Second, Riverside B. C. ; Third, B. A. A. May 30, 1904. American Rowing Association Regatta. Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pa. 320 THE UNION BOAT CLUB First Singles. Time, 10m. 3s. First, University- Barge Club; Second, Vesper B.C.; Third, U. B. C, W. P. Henderson. First Eights. Time, 7m. 5s. First, Vesper B. C. ; Second, University of Pennsylvania Second Var- sity and U. B. C. tied. H. Adams 2d, bow, R. F. Blake, G. B. Magrath, R. Lawrence, J. Lawrence Jr., H. Bancroft, F. L. Higginson Jr., C. Harding, stroke, H. A. Wadleigh, cox. June 17, 1904. Metropolitan Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Doubles. Time, 10m. 20s. First, Riverside B.C.; Second, U. B. C, E. Gray Jr., J. B. Ayer Jr. ; Third, St. Joseph's A. A. Senior Fours. First, U. B. C, H. Adams 2d, bow, R. F. Blake, G. B. Magrath, H. Bancroft, stroke; Second, Jeffries Point R. A. ; Third, St. Joseph's A. A. (to be rowed over on account of foul be- tween Jeffries Point and St. Joseph's). May 27, 1905. American Rowing Association Regatta. Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pa. First Fours, l 1 /^ miles. Time, 7m. 19s. First, Philadelphia B. C. ; Second, Harvard Univer- sity; Third, Vesper B. C; Fourth, U. B. C, H. Adams 2d, bow, R. F. Blake, G. B. Magrath, G. Derby, stroke. July 4, 1906. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Singles. Time, 11m. 53%s. First, U. B. C, J. B. Ayer Jr. ; Second, St. Alphon- sus A. A, July 28, 1906. Massachusetts Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Singles. 1% miles. Time, 11m. 4s. First, Wachusett B. C. ; Second, Newell B. C. ; Third, U. B. C, J. W. Farley. APPENDIX D 321 Intermediate Singles. 1% miles. Time, 12m. 21s. First, U. B. Co., J. B. Hawes 2d; Second, B. A. A. July 4, 1907. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Fours. Time, 9m. 36s. First, Jeffries Point R. A. ; Second, Riverside B. C. ; Third, U. B. C, R. May, J. B. Hawes 2d, G. B. Magrath, R. F. Blake. Aug. 3, 1907. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Junior Singles. Time, 12m. 10s. First, Riverside B. C; Second, U. B. C, E. E. Smith; Third, St. Joseph's A. A. ; Fourth, Boston Athletic Asso- ciation; Fifth, East Boston B.C. July 4, 1908. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion. Charles River, Boston. Senior Eights. Time, 7m. 16s. First, Riverside B. C. ; Second, U. B. C. May 21, 1910. American Rowing Association Regatta. Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pa. Second Singles. Eight entries. Time, 8m. 50%s. First, Harlem R.C.; Second, U. B. C, E. E. Smith; Third, Malta B. C. Special Interclub Eights. Five entries. Time, 7m. 32%s. First, Wahnetah B. C; Second, U. B. C, C. Wiggins, bow, J. W. Cutler, R. H. Gardiner Jr., P. Shurtleff, J. B. Ayer Jr., A. G. Gill, E. Cutler, E. Farley, stroke, , cox.; Third, Potomac B. C. Second Fours. Time, 8m. l%s. First, Malta B. C; Second, Aril R. C. ; Third, University of Penn- sylvania; Fourth, U. B. C, C. Wiggins, bow, J. W. Cutler, E. Cutler, E. Farley, stroke. July 4, 1910. Schuylkill Navy, People's Regatta. Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pa. 322 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Junior Singles. 1*4 miles. Time, 7m. 55%s. First, U. B. C, E. E. Smith; Second, University- Barge Club; Third, Pennsylvania Barge Club; Fourth, Harlem R. C. ; Fifth, Undine Barge Club ; Sixth, Sheepshead Bay R. C. ; Seventh, Metropolitan R. C. Intermediate Singles. 1^4 miles. Time, 7m. 48s. First, U. B. C., E. E. Smith; Second, New York Athletic Club; Third, Harlem R. C; Fourth, New Rochelle R. C; Fifth, Malta B.C.; Sixth, West Philadelphia B. C. July 4, 1910. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Annual Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Novice Singles. Time, 15m. 48s. First, River- side B.C.; Second, Metropolitan R. C; Third, U. B. C, W. N. Gere; Fourth, Columbian R.A. Junior Singles. Time, 14m. 48s. First, U. B. C, C. Wiggins ; Second, St. Alphonsus B. C. ; Third, Metropolitan R. C. Aug. 12, 1910. National Association of Amateur Oars- men Annual Regatta. Potomac River, Washing- ton, D. C. Senior Singles, l 1 /^ miles. First, Vesper B.C.; Second, Harlem R. C. ; Third, Argonaut B.C.; Fourth, U. B. C, E. E. Smith. Sept. 5, 1910. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Fall Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Singles. Time, 10m. 40s. First, U. B. C, E. E. Smith; Second, Metropolitan R. C. (New York) ; Third, Boston Athletic Association ; Fourth, U. B. C, J. B. Ayer; Fifth, Springfield R. C; Sixth, Farragut R. C. (Lynn). Oct. 12, 1910. Columbus Day Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Singles. Time, 8m. 30s. First, U. B. C, APPENDIX D 323 E. E. Smith; Second, Riverside B.C.; Third, Boston Athletic Association. Centipedes. % mile. Time, 4m. 10s. First, U. B. C, R. May, bow, L. G. Brooks, J. B. Ayer, C. Wiggins, stroke; Second, Riverside B. C. Senior Doubles. Time, 8m. 15s. First, Metropoli- tan B.C.; Second, U. B. C, E. E. Smith, C. Wiggins. Junior Singles. Time, 9m. 30s. First, St. Alphon- sus A. A.; Second, U. B. C, R. May (shell sank). May 27, 1911. American Rowing Association Regatta. Schuylkill River, Philadelphia, Pa. Special Interclub Second Eights. 1 mile, 550 yds. Time, 6m. 54l/ 5 s. First, U. B. C, C. Wiggins, bow, E. Cutler, R. Tappan, W. N. Gere, R. Wodell, R. Lunt, J. B. Ayer, E. Farley, stroke, A. G. Gill, cox. ; Second, Malta B. C. Second Singles. 1 mile, 550 yds. First, U. B. C, E. E. Smith. Other entries, Arundel B. C, West Philadelphia B. C, United States Naval Academy. May SO, 1911. Harlem Regatta Association Annual Regatta. Harlem River, New York, N. Y. Junior Singles, l 1 /^ miles. Time, 9m. Is. First, New Rochelle R. C; Second, U. B. C, E. E. Smith; Third, Atlanta B. C. Single Sculls. Quarter mile. Time, lm. 34s. First, Harlem R. C; Second, U. B. C, E. E. Smith. July 4, 1911. New England Amateur Rowing Associa- tion Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Centipedes. Time, 8m. 21l/ 5 s. First, U. B. C, R. May, bow, W. N. Gere, J. B. Ayer, C. Wiggins, stroke; Second, Metropolitan R. C. (New York). Novice Singles. Time, 12m. 18s. First, Farragut B.C. (Lynn); Second, U. B. C, J. Homans; Third, U. B. C, N. R. Mason. 324 THE UNION BOAT CLUB Senior Singles. Time, 10m. 25s. First, Riverside B.C.; Second, U. B. C., E. E. Smith; Third, Boston Athletic Association; Fourth, Farragut B. C. ; Fifth, St. Alphonsus A. A. ; Sixth, Hudson B.C. (New York); Seventh, Shawmut R. C; Eighth, Harlem R. C. (New York). Senior Eights. Time, 8m. 5s. First, U. B. C., R. May, bow, C. Wiggins, G. B. Magrath, W. N. Gere, G. S. Derby, S. A. Sargent Jr., J. B. Ayer, E. Farley, stroke, A. Drinkwater, cox.; Second, Riverside B. C. July 28, 1911. National Association of Amateur Oars- men Annual Regatta. Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Intermediate Singles. 1^4 miles. Time, 8m. 45 %s. First, U. B. C, W. N. Gere; Second, Springfield B. C. ; Third, Riverside B. C. ; Fourth, Malta B. C; Fifth, West Lynn B. C. Senior Singles. Time, 8m. ll%s. First, Argonaut R. C; Second, New Rochelle R. C; Third, Harlem R. C; Fourth, U. B. C, E. E.. Smith. Intermediate Double Sculls. Time, 7m. 44s. First, U. B. C, W. N. Gere, C. Wiggins ; Second, Ves- per B.C.; Third, New Rochelle R. C; Fourth, Rockrimmon B.C.; Fifth, Fairmount R. A. ; Sixth, University Barge Club (Philadelphia) ; Seventh, Springfield B. C. Senior Quadruple Sculls. Time, 6m. 48%s. First, Vesper B. C. ; Second, Nonpareil R. C. ; Third, U. B. C, E. E. Smith, W. N. Gere, C. Wiggins, J. B. Ayer. Sept. 4, 1911. New England Amateur Rowing Asso- ciation Annual Fall Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Intermediate Singles. Time, 10m. 19%s. First, U. B. C, P. Withington; Second, Northwest Arm B.C. (Halifax, N. S.). APPENDIX D 325 Junior Singles. Time, 10m. 55s. First, U. B. C, R. May; Second, U. B. C, J. Homans; Third, Riverside B. C. ; Fourth, Atalanta B. C. (Spring- field). Novice Singles. Time, 11m. 45s. First, Atalanta B. C.j Second, U. B. C, H. A. Jackson. Senior Fours. Time, 9m. 37s. First, Northwest Arm, B. C. (Halifax, N. S.) ; Second, U. B. C, S. A. Sargent Jr., J. B. Ayer, P. Withington, F. R. Maxwell. Senior Eights. Time, 8m. 31s. First, U. B. C, R. May, bow, L. G. Brooks, G. B. Magrath, F. R. Maxwell, G. S. Derby, P. Withington, J. B. Ayer, S. A. Sargent Jr., stroke, F. W. Palfrey, cox. ; Second, Riverside B.C. Oct. 12, 1911. Columbus Day Regatta. Charles River, Boston. Senior Doubles. Time, 10m. 5s. First, U. B. C, C. Wiggins, E. E. Smith; Second, Metropolitan R. C. Junior Singles. Time, 12m. 8s. First, Riverside B.C.; Second, Sheepshead Bay; Third, U. B. C, H. A. Jackson; Fourth, U. B. C, E. L. Young Jr. Senior Singles. Time, 10m. 54s. First, Boston Athletic Association; Second, U. B. C, P. With- ington; Third, U. B. C, C. Wiggins; Fourth, St. Alphonsus B. C. ; Fifth, Farragut B. C. ; Sixth, Gardner B. C. Centipedes. Time, 8m. 50s. First, U. B. C, C. Wiggins, P. Withington, J. B. Ayer, E. E. Smith; Second, Metropolitan R. C. APPENDIX E THE LOG The boats of the Club were pulled in MILES MILES 1857 ... . 2,004 1882 .... 5,593 1858 . 1,627% 1883 . 5,226 1859 . 3,718 1884 . 5,2283/4 1860 . 3,917 1885 . 5,7033/4 1861 . 4,420 1886 . 7,464% 1862 . 3,016 1887 . 13,07714 1863 . 1,022 1888 . 9,099 1864- . 245 1889 . 8,5783/4 1865 . 1,367% 1890 . 9,6713/4 1866 . 2,106% 1891 . 10,048 1867 . 2,889 1892 . 8,880 1868 . 1893 . 6,538 1869 . 1894 . 7,619% 1870 . 1895 . 5,7341/4 1871 . 1896 . 5,630 1872 . 4,133 1897 . 6,287 1873 . 1898 . 4,253 1874 . 6,116 1899 . 4,187 1875 . 6,889% 1900 . 4,787 1876 . 5,446 1901 . 3,906 1877 . 6,018% 1902 . 5,197 1878 . 5,235 1903 . 3,393 1879 . 4,963% 1904 . 3,705% 1880 . 5,574% 1905 . 4,051 1881 . 4,5743/4 1906 . 5,123% APPENDIX E 327 MILES MILES 1907 . . ■ • 1,121% 1910 . . , . . 5,383l/ 2 1908 . . . . 2,4731/2 1911 . . , , . 5,061% 1909 . . . . 3,4791/2 The logs previous to 1857 cannot be found. The number of miles logged is less than the number of miles the boats were actually pulled. The large figures in the '80's and '90's are due in some instances to the fact that canoe trips were logged. APPENDIX F NAVY Eights: Calliope, Argo. Four: Neptune. Centipede Fours: Amphitrite, Philadelphia, Whizz-Fish. Double Shells: Union, Atlanta, Arlington. Racing Singles: Cygnet, Petrel, Osprey. Practice Singles: Albatross, Aileen, Curlew. Compromise Singles: Artemis, Dolphin, Spider, Doris, Sea-Mew. Single Wherries: Dione, Bittern, Penguin, Stranger. Double Wherry: Evadne. Tub Pair: One. Randans : Four. Besides the regular club boats in commission and canoes, the boat-house during the past year cared for the following boats in active use : Five singles, the property of members. Five four-oared shells belonging to the Schoolboy Rowing Association. There were also not in commission two eights and one four belonging to Stone's School. INDEX Accidents, 176-178. Agreement with Trustees, article of constitution, 189. Allan, William Dudley Wood- bridge, 15, 23, 25, 26. Amateur rowing associations, 36. Annisquam Encampment, 22, 58- 60, 69, 89-91. Anniversaries, 222, 223. Annual dues, 97, 180, 182, 185, 187. Appleton, William, 129, 130, 133. Argo, the, 124, 172, 173. Ariadne, the, 27, 30-33, 39, 74, 87, 88. Baker's River, 200. Baldwin, T. T., 146. Barnacle, the, 111, 124. Bathing from rafts, 114, 115. Baxter, A. G., 90, 91, 99, 102, 223. Beacon regatta, and cup, 40, 41, 44-51. Beacon Rowing Club, 71, 72. Bentinck-Smith, W. F., 198. Blake, R. P., 161. Boat House. See Quarters of the Club. Boats. See Navy. Boston Athletic Association, 127, 140, 142, 143, 159. Brackett, Henry H., 40, 70. Braman and Braman's Baths, 2, 5-7, 60-62, 66, 70, 71, 101, 102. Bullock, R. A., 167, 191. By-laws, 99, 181, 183, 187. Canoe Log, 196, 197. Canoes, 106, 108, 109, 123, 124, 131, 133, 134, 192. Canoe trips, 78, 79, 166, 190-207. Carpenter, W. H., 28, 40, 41, 149. Chamberlin, E. M., 90, 101, 149. Champion Rules, 129. Championship Cup, 82. Charles River, in the '50s, 6-9; in the early '70s, 116, 117; as canoeing waters, 204-205. Charles River Amateur Boat Club Association, 36-39. Charles River Embankment and Dam, 108, 127, 141, 159, 182, 216, 226. Charles River Hotel, Brighton, 84, 161. City Point, South Boston, 151, 152. Clark, F. S., 167. Clark, Robert F., 35, 37. Clarke, W. B., 161, 167. Classification of crews in regattas in the 50's, 36. Club Day, 154, 155. Club house. See Quarters of the Club. Coaches, rowing, 141. Committee on Elections, 95, 96, 183. Concord River, 203, 204. Constitution of the Club, 63-66, 94-100, 106, 179-190, 233. Contoocook River, 199. 329 330 INDEX Courts, hand-ball and squash, 208-215. Crocker, G. G., 99. Cruises, 86-93, 164-168, 190-195. See Trips. Cup. See Prizes. Cushing, H. C, Jr., 139. Customs of the Club, old, 53-66. Daisy, the, 123. Davis, M. F„ 216-219. Day, 'Madam,' 59. Decoration Day Excursion, 154. Dennett, W. S., 167. Dinners, annual and anniversary, 146-149, 151, 234; Fast Day, 150, 151. Directors, Board of, 95, 96, 98. Discipline, 12, 13, 114. Dolphin Boat Club, 143. Dues, 97, 180, 182, 185-187. Eaton, W. S., Jr., 135, 154, 161, 166, 168, 190, 191, 194, 224. Edmands, Colonel T. F., 99, 102, 223-225. Election Committee, 95, 96, 183. Election of new members, 95, 96, 180-183. Ellis, A. B., 126. Entrance fee. See Initiation fee. Equipment. See Navy. Estabrook, G. W., 97, 101, 216- 218. Eustis, J. J., 165, 167. Evadne, the, 74, 86-89, 91, 92. Excursions, long, 86-93, 164-168, 190-195. See Trips. Executive Committee, 96, 180, 183. Expulsion, 4, 5, 114. Fast Day, 53-55; celebrations of, by the Club, 55-57, 70, 84, 150- 154. Fay, J. S., Jr., 78, 82. Fees, for use of locker, 186. See Entrance fee. Fenno, E. N, 99. Fives. See Hand-ball. Flannery, James, 113. Fourth of July regattas, 22, 23, 39, 40, 79-81, 135, 142. 'Getting the Rafts,' 155-161. Glaucus, the, 132, 133. Guild, Courtenay, 161. Guiteras, Ramon, 191, 192, 194. Gymnasium, equipment, 104, 116. Gymnastic exercises, 22, 61, 207- 215. Haines, G. A., 167. Haines, Mr., Coach, 141. Hall, W. S., 165, 167. Hand-ball, 108, 109, 208-215. Handicaps, 35, 36. Harding, H. L., 194. Harvard, the Oneida, 20; races with, 20, 21, 33, 34, 135-139; and Yale race, in 1855, 42, 43; recognition of services rendered by the Club to, 44; hospitality of the Club to, 142-145; con- cert given by musical clubs, 145. Herald, Boston, quoted, 136-139. Higginson, Major H. L., 67. Hill, J. E. B., 91, 101. History of the Club, 224-226. Hodgson, Richard, 176. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 38. 'Horse Shoe,' 117-119. Hospitality of the Club, 23, 39, 40, 79, 142-145. Houghton, I. H., 131. Iasigi, J. A., 148. Initiation fee, 63, 65, 97, 180, 185- 187. INDEX 331 Ipswich River, 205-207. 7m, the, 133, 134. Janitors, 104, 109-114. 'Kids,' the, 132, 133. King, L. S., 71, 74, 80, 82, 91, 92, 96, 127, 128, 161, 167, 168, 225. Labor Day, 139. Ladies, entertainment of, by the Club, 10, 11, 57, 84-89, 163, 166. Lambert, E. W., 92. Law-suit, 215-219. Lehmann, R. C, 145. Lexington House, 9, 10. Lieutenants, 180, 187. Lovejoy, J. P., 69. Magrath, Dr. G. B., 146, 161, 230. Mahnahpeezee, the, 196. Maiden River, 167. Marguerite, the, 86, 87. Martin, A. A., 167. McCormick, Alexander, 109-113. McCormick, William, 112, 113. 'McElroy's,' 152. Meetings of the Club, 64-66, 98, 180, 184, 185. Membership of the Club, charter, 1, 2, 4, 5; from 1851 to 1861, 15, 63-66, 105; in the later '60s, 73-76, 94-96, 98, 99, 106; since 1870, 109, 180-183, 234; list of members, 224. Metropolitan Rowing Association, regatta of, 139. Miller's River, 199. Millstreams, the, of Chelsea, 140. Moonlight excursions, 57, 84, 162, 163. 'Muckers,' 168-175. Murphy, Herman D., 195. Nashua River, 203. National Association of Amateur Oarsmen, 139, 142. Navy of the Club, to 1860, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 26-29, 33, 66; in 1865, 74, 75; in 1870, 106; since 1873, 122-125, 190-193. New Bedford crews, races with, 30-32. New England Amateur Rowing Association, 77, 78, 139. Officers of the Club, 2, 63-66, 95- 98, 106, 180, 187. 'Old Alex.' See McCormick. 'Old Men,' the, 132, 133. Oneida, the, 20. O'Reilly, John Boyle, 191, 194. Parker, John D., Jr., 29, 41, 79, 82, 128. Parkman, Henry, 146, 222, 226, 228. Parties, 163. Patriots' Day, 55, 57, 153. Peabody, Francis, Jr., 135, 137. Pemigewasset River, 200. Point Shirley, 86-89, 118, 161, 162. Preston, H. W., 116. Prizes, 16, 37, 40, 41, 45, 78, 128, 129, 130, 135, 140, 148. Property, article of constitution on, 181. 'Putting away the Rafts,' 156-161. Quarters of the Club, early, 5, 13, 15, 60-63; in new buildings, in '64, 70-72; new, in '70, 101- 104, 107; furnishings of, 115, 116; present, 226-233. Races, 16, 19-24, 29-52, 78-84, 128-141, 148. Rafts, 114, 155-161. 332 INDEX Regatta Rules, 130. Regattas. See Races. Rice, H. B., 99, 102, 223. Ripple, the, 16, 26, 32, 133, 134. Ripple Boat Club, of New Bedford, 31. Riverside Annex, 219-221. Roberts, Stephen, 38. Robins, E. B., 82, 91, 93, 94, 101, 121, 126, 127, 128, 161, 165, 167. Rogers, Daniel Webster, 1-4, 62, 73, 76, 77, 149, 223-225. Rogers, Francis, 212. Sail-boats, 122. Sailing-canoes, 123, 195. See Canoes. Sargent, F. W., 128, 165. Sargent, G. A., 126. Scanlan, Thomas, 114. Seasons, variations in, 118-122. Secretary, office of, 97. Selfridge, G. S., 167. Seventeenth of June regattas, 81, 82, 139. Shattuck, Dr. F. C, 126. Shawmut Rowing Club, 52, 66. Shawshine River, 202. Shell, single-scull, the Swordfish, 28, 29; L' Aiguille, 29; four-oar, purchased, 33; approaches to, 38; paper, first appearance of, in Boston, 78. Simmons, T. EL, 127, 167, 168. Single-scull championship races, 130-132. Six-oars, origin of, in Boston, 27, 28. Smith, Melvin S., 41. Smokers, 144, 145, 150. Squam Encampment. See Anni- squam Encampment. Squannacook River, 198. Squash, 214, 215. Stevens, H. A., 148. Sturgis, Dr. Russell, 177. Sudbury River, 203, 204. 'Sugar Loaf,' 117. Sunday, games on, 187. Swimming and swimming-places, 117-119. Taunton River, 201. Technology, Institute of, 143, 144. Tennis annex, 219-221. Tides, variations in, 121. Tilden, C. Linzee, 78, 109, 190, 193. Tournaments, hand-ball, 212; squash, 214. Treasurer, office of, 97. Trips, canoeing, 197-207. See Excursions. Triton, the, 132, 133. Triton Boat Club, 24, 36. Twilight, the, 74, 75, 89. Twilight Rowing Club, 52. Uniform, 12, 13, 111, 115. Union, the, 8, 9, 11, 14, 27, 75, 123, 179. Union Boat Club Association, 103, 107, 181, 188-190. Union Boat Club of Boston, be- ginning, 1-14; name, 2-4; early growth, 15-52; and Harvard, 20, 21, 33, 34, 42-44; spirit of, 21, 22; hospitality of, 23, 39, 40, 79, 142-145; friendly interest of, in amateur organisations, 24; old customs, 53-66; during the War, 67-72; transformation period, after the War, 73-107; since 1870, 108; organised, 231. See Constitution; Officers, etc. Vincent, Dr. Beth, 146. Volant Club, 35, 36, 39. INDEX 333 War, Civil, the, 67-72. Watkins, General, 7, 16, 18, 55. Wave, the, 15-18, 61. Webster, Daniel, 2, 3. Welch, F., 167. Whaleboat race, 30-32. Whitman, Alfred, Jr., 15, 26, 35, 37, 38, 62, 149, 223. Whitman, Edmund S., 45, 223. Whitman, Henry, 40, 223. Wilkinson, E. T., 79. Williams, C. H., 161. Wray, Mr., 141. Yale crew, race with the Club, 34; and Harvard race, 1855, 42, 43. Young America Boat Club, 24, 26, 36. Y-Y, the, 20, 42-44. JUN20 J913