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THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 BRENTFORD, EALING, & CHISWICK, 
 
 INTERSPERSED WITH 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES 
 
 OF 
 
 ILLUSTRIOUS AND EMINENT PERSONS, 
 
 WHO HAVE BEEN BOEN, OR HAVE RESIDED THEKE DURING THE 
 THREE PRECEDING CENTURIES. 
 
 BY 
 
 THOMAS FAULKNER, 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE HISTORIES OF CHELSEA, FULHAM, KENSINGTON, AND HAMMER- 
 SMITH; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OY ANTIQUARIES 
 OF NORMANDY. 
 
 " It is with pleasure I see this branch of Antiquarian knowledge increasing 
 among us in this inquisitive age. I claim no merit in kindling the flame, 
 though I may have added fuel to it, and I shall never think that leisure misap- 
 plied which can assist mankind in a pursuit that my partiality represents to me 
 as something more than innocent." Gough. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO. ; NICHOLS & SON ; M. A. NATTALI 
 
 WILLIAM PICKERING ; T. RODD ; AND J. R. SMITH. 
 
 1845. 
 
CHELSEA: 
 PRINTED BY T. WILSHER, MANOR STREET. 
 
 
3/ 
 
 /p- 
 
 
 
 TO THE 1UGHT HONORABLE 
 
 HENRY STEPHEN FOX-STRANGWAYS, 
 
 EARL OF ILCHESTER, LORD ILCHESTEH, BARON OF WOODFORD 
 STRANGWAYS, COUNTY OF DORSET, 
 
 AND LORD ILCHESTER AND STAVORDALE, BAEON OF REDLYCH, 
 COUNTY OF SOMERSET, D.C.L. 
 
 WHOSE ANCESTOR, 
 
 SIR STEPHEN FOX, KNIGHT, 
 
 ENDEARED HIMSELF TO POSTERITY BY HIS MUNIFICENT 
 CONTRIBUTIONS TO 
 
 CHELSEA EOYAL HOSPITAL, 
 
 AND WHO, DURING HIS RESIDENCE IN 
 
 CHISWICK, 
 
 EMBELLISHED IT 'WITH CAPITAL MANSIONS, 
 
 THIS WORK 
 IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, 
 
 BY HIS LORDSHIP'S OBLIGED HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
" The man of letters, anxious to extend and multiply his ideas, travels back 
 into past ages, and penetrates through the scattered monuments of antiquity, in 
 order to collect from their half effaced traces, the mind, opinion, and thoughts 
 of the great men of every age. He converses with them in their native lan- 
 guage, which he makes use of with a view to enrich his own. He surveys the 
 regions of foreign literature, whose honourable spoils he brings away to augment 
 the literary treasures of his own country." 
 
 " L'Homme de lettres jaloux d'eteudre et de multiplier ses idees, remonte 
 dans les siecles, et s'avance aux travers des monuments epars de l'antiquite, 
 pour y recueiller sur des traces souvent presque effaces l'ame et la pensee des 
 grands hommes de tous les ages. II converse avec eux dans leur langue dont 
 il se sert pour enricher la sienne. II parcourt la domaine de la litterature 
 etrangere dont il remporte des depouilles honorables au tresor de la litterature 
 nationale." La Harpe. 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 THE ROYAL LIBRARY. 
 
 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT. 
 HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Ilchester, D.C.L. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Dowager Lady Holland. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.B. 
 
 The Right Hon. Earl Cadogan, C.B.K.M.T. 
 
 The Right Hon. and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of London 
 
 The Honourable the Dowager Lady Bedingfield. 
 
 Lady Harriet Paget, Chelsea College. 
 
 The Baroness Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park. 
 
 Thomas Adderley, Esq. Upper Clapton. 
 Rev. F. T. Atwood, M.A. Vicar of Hammersmith. 
 George Bird, Esq. Brook Green, Hammersmith. 
 James Bird, Esq. Brook Green, Hammersmith. 
 Mrs. Ann Blake, Ealing. 
 Sir Felix Booth, Bart. Old Brentford. 
 Charles Booth, Esq. Old Brentford. 
 Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, M.A. Vicar of Chiswick. 
 The Brentford Gas Light Company. 
 Brentford Machanics' Literary Institution. 
 J. Britton, Esq. F.S.A. Burton Crescent. 
 J. Bullin, Esq. Westfield House, Ealing. 
 John Bernard Burke, Esq. Bedford Square. 
 The Ven. Archdeacon Bumey, D.D. F.R.S. Sible Hedingliam 
 Essex. 
 
VI SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 Kobert Chambers, Esq. Barrister-at-Law, Gray's Inn Square. 
 
 Bev. Dr. Chisholm, Hammersmith. 
 
 G. L. Clark, Esq. Sion Place, Isleworth. 
 
 Samuel Clarke, Esq. Old Brentford. 
 
 William Thomas Clark, Esq. Hammersmith. 
 
 W. Tierney Clark, Esq. Engineer, Hammersmith. 
 
 Jonathan Clarke, Esq. Chiswick Mall. 
 
 Mrs. Clitherow, Boston House, Brentford. 
 
 George Cooper, Esq. Eggiesfield House, Brentford. 
 
 Crofton Croker, Esq. Parson's Green. 
 
 Miss Currer, Eshton Hall, Yorkshire. 
 
 Mr. John Davis, Kings Road, Chelsea. 
 
 W. J. Dewdney, Esq. Chelsea. 
 
 Mr. Edmonds, Chiswick. 
 
 J. A. Emerton, M.A. Curate of Hanwell. 
 
 Messrs. Evans, Great Queen Street. 
 
 J. W. K. Eyton, Esq. Leamington. 
 
 Thomas Farmer, Esq Gunnersbury House, Ealing. 
 
 James Faulkner, Esq. St. John's, Fulham. 
 
 William Faulkner, Esq. Chelsea. 
 
 Edward Foss, Esq. Street End House, Canterbury. 
 
 Henry Foss, Esq. 81, Pall Mall. 
 
 Mr. J. Foster, Turnham Green. 
 
 Thomas Frewen, Esq. Brickwall House, Northiam, Sussex. 
 
 J. Frere, Esq. Sandford Brook. 
 
 William Fiy, Esq. West Square, Lambeth. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Gomme, Hammersmith. 
 
 Gen. Sir J. W. Gordon, Bart. G.C.B. Chelsea College. 
 
 The Governor and Company of the Grand Junction Water Works 
 
 Mrs. Harriett Griffith, Brompton Hall. 
 
 Miss Hackett, Clapham Terrace. 
 
 T. Haig, Esq. Old Brentford. 
 
 S. C. Hall, Esq. F.S.A. Rosery, Old Brompton. 
 
 Mrs S. C. Hall, ditto. 
 
 J. 0. Halliwell, Esq. F.S.A. Islip, Oxon. 
 
 Mrs. Col. Hartley, Sloane Street. 
 
 P. C. Hardwick, Esq. Architect, Russell Square. 
 
 Rev. G Harrison, M.A. Vicar of New Brentford. 
 
 J. Hartshorne, Esq. Chelsea College. 
 
 Charles Hatchett, Esq. Belle Vue, Chelsea. 
 
 Mr, W. Z. Heath, Three Pigeons, Brentford 
 
SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. YU 
 
 Rev. W. H. Howard, M.A. Incumbent of Christ Church, Chelsea. 
 Mrs. Hughes, Chelsea. 
 Union Iron Steam Boat Company. 
 
 Rev. Pi. C. Jenkins, M.A. Incumbent of Christ Church, Turn- 
 ham Green. 
 The Rev. C. Kingsley, LL.B. Rector of Chelsea. 
 W. Lawrence, Esq. Ealing Park. 
 Mrs. Lawrence, ditto. 
 
 Dr. Lindley, Acton Common. 
 Mr. Samuel Knewell, Ealing. 
 Rev. S. R. Maitland, F.R.S. and F.S.A. Lambeth. 
 Alexander Marshall, Esq. New Brentford. 
 Rev Edward Miller, Chiswick. 
 
 E. Mullins, Esq. Bedford Row. 
 John Mullins, Esq. Battersea. 
 
 Mr. Donald Munro, Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick. 
 
 Mrs. Murphy, Kew Palace. 
 
 Richard Xeave, Jun. Esq. F.S.A. Felcourt, Lingfield, Surrey. 
 
 J. B. Nichols, Esq. F.S.A. Little Ealing. 
 
 J. G. Nichols, Esq. Parliament Street. 
 
 F. Nicholas, Esq. D.C.L. Ealing School. 
 Mr. Norbury, New Brentford. 
 
 Capt. Oliver, Boston Road. 
 
 John Owen, Esq. Audit Office. Somerset House. 
 
 Thomas Palmer, Esq. Rolls Chapel. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Parker, Oxford. 
 
 Sir John Philippart, Hammersmith. 
 
 Sandford Peacocke, Esq. Park Lodge, Chelsea. 
 
 Spenser Perceval, Esq. Elm Grove, Ealing. 
 
 Mr. W. Pickering, Piccadilly. 
 
 George Henry Pitt, Esq. Dublin. 
 
 Henry Pownall, Esq. Spring Grove, Hounslow. 
 
 Mrs. C. C. Raper, Chelsea. 
 
 George Robins, Esq. Russell Square. 
 
 Mrs. Robinson, Rochester House, Little Ealing. 
 
 Mr. T. Rodd, Great Newport Street. 
 
 Mr. Ronalds, New Brentford. 
 
 W. F. Rose, Esq. West Square, Lambeth. 
 
 Messrs. T. B. and L. Rowe, Old Brentford. 
 
 Mr. G. Fulham Searle, New Brentford. 
 
 Miss Elizabeth Isabella Sharpe, Chiswick Mall. 
 
Vlll SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 
 
 John Charles Sharpe, Esq. 19, Fleet Street 
 
 Samuel Shepherd, Esq. F.S.A. Chelsea. 
 
 John Sich, Esq. Churchwarden, Chiswick. 
 
 Henry Sich, Esq. Chiswick. 
 
 W. Simpson, Esq. Bradmore House, Hammersmith 
 
 Rev. John Smith, B.D. Vicar of Ealing. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Smith, 4, Compton Street, Soho. 
 
 H. Spicer, Esq. 28, Portman Square. 
 
 Rev. John Stoddart, D.D. Vicar of Lowick, Northamptonshire. 
 
 Frederick Tappenden, Esq. Sutton Court, Chiswick. 
 
 James Tattersal, Esq. M.D. Ealing. 
 
 Rev. F. C. Thompson, Perpetual Curate of Old Brentford. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Thorpe, 178, Piccadilly. 
 
 Rev. H. S. Trimmer, M.A. Vicarage, Heston. 
 
 Rev. H. S. Trimmer, M.A. Mars ton-on- Wore, Derbyshire. 
 
 Rev. E. Trimmer, M.A. Putney. 
 
 Mrs. Vaughan, Old Brentford. 
 
 Charles Welstead, Esq. Bemers Street. 
 
 John Wetten, Esq Stile House. 
 
 Charles Whittingham, Esq. Chiswick. 
 
 The Rev. R. Wilson, D.D. Head Master of St. Peter s Grammar 
 
 School. 
 Rev. W. C. Yonge, Boston Road Chapel, Brentford. 
 Charles George Young, Esq. Garter King-of-Arms, College of 
 
 Arms. 
 
PREFAC E. 
 
 The general and increasing interest which the public take 
 in the topography of the County of Middlesex, is clearly 
 evinced by the number of the successive Histories which 
 have been published since the year 1810; viz. Chelsea, 
 Enfield, Fulham, Hackney, Hammersmith, Hampstcad, 
 Highgate, Islington, Kensington, St. Giles's and Blooms- 
 bury, St. Mary-le-bone, Stoke Newington, and Tottenham. 
 It may be truly asserted, that it is by these detached 
 contributions that we may expect a complete History 
 of the Metropolitan County, for the labour of a single 
 work comprehending every parish never could be accom- 
 plished by one person, however zealous he might be for 
 the advancement of his favourite pursuit. 
 
 In the prosecution of the present work, I have derived 
 much assistance and information from the resident Clergy 
 who have at all times kindly forwarded my enquiries, by 
 granting me liberal access to the parochial records of 
 which they are the constituted guardians ; and I have 
 seized every opportunity of eliciting such original, 
 authentic, and useful information, as appeared best adapted 
 for elucidating the various objects of enquiry, which 
 
X PREFACE. 
 
 consitute the proper matter of parochial history. Besides 
 the resources before-mentioned, I have spared no labour 
 in making every possible enquiry of such individuals as 
 appeared most likely from their situation, or connection, 
 to be able to give me valuable information. I have much 
 pleasure in acknowledging my obligations to the Rev. 
 H. S. Trimmer, for the documents relative to his revered 
 and estimable parent; and my thanks are also due to 
 "W. F. Rose, Esq. for the memoir of his learned and 
 respected grandfather, so long an inhabitant of Chiswick. 
 Likewise to J. Phillips, Esq. who favoured me with several 
 original anecdotes relative to the celebrated Hogarth, 
 which his family connection enabled him to furnish ; to 
 Dr. Lindley, who kindly granted me permission to enter 
 freely the Horticultural Gardens, thus enabling me to 
 give a copious account of that celebrated institution, 
 which is not to be equalled in Europe. To C. Welstead, 
 Esq. Lord of the Prebendal Manor of Chiswick, for 
 permission to inspect the Manorial Records in his posses- 
 sion ; and my thanks are also due to C. Roberts, Esq. 
 of the Record Office in the Tower ; and to Thomas Palmer, 
 Esq. of the Rolls, for opening to my access the National 
 Records, which have been so long under their able care 
 and superintendence. 
 
 I am bound likewise, to acknowledge generally, my 
 obligations to Charles George Young, Esq. Garter King 
 of Arms; William Courthope, Esq. Rouge Croix; Henry 
 Ellis, Esq. F.S.A. Principal Librarian of the British 
 Museum; J. B. Nichols, Esq. F.S.A.; J.G.Nichols, 
 Esq. F.S.A. ; J.Britton,Esq.F.S.A. : and to J.Eonney,Esq. 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 The great mass of materials brought forward by the 
 Commissioners of Records, during the last thirty-five 
 years, has thrown so much new light on the ancient state 
 and succession of property in this county, that every 
 topographical historian is bound to express his most 
 grateful acknowledgements to those honorable persons for 
 the zeal, industry, and research which have been displayed 
 in the numerous volumes on the Records of the Realm 
 that have been given to the public, under their auspices. 
 
 In finally taking leave of my Antiquarian studies, which 
 have occupied my attention for forty years, I may be per- 
 mitted to assert, that I have, at all times, used my best 
 endeavours to select the truth, without undue prejudice 
 or partiality, nor have spared either personal labour, or 
 deligent investigation ; thus I may truely say with 
 Dr. Fuller that " I have gone, and rid, and wrote, and 
 sought, with mine own eyes, to make what discoveries I 
 could ;" and, perhaps, I may be permitted to indulge the 
 imagination, that the antiquary yet unborn will think with 
 complacency and satisfaction on the days and years 
 consumed by me in preparing the seveial Histories of 
 Chelsea, Fulham, Kensington, Hammersmith, Brentford, 
 Ealing, and Chiswick. 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Sir Stephen Fox, Frontispiece 
 
 New Brentford Church , ) „ 
 
 John Middleton's Monument j 
 
 Redman 's Monument } 
 
 Amondesham's Monument j 
 
 Girls' Charity School | 
 
 Brentford Market House j 
 
 Saint Mary's Church, Ealing ) r 
 
 Saint George's Chapel, Old Brentford j ' 
 
 Chiswick Church ) 
 
 Sir Thomas Chaloner's Monument j ' 
 
 Willius. Bordall, (ancient brass formerly in Chiswick Church) 320 
 
 Chiswick House ) 
 
 Inigo Jones's Gateway J 
 
 Portraits of I,, da Vinci — Murillo — Carlo Maratti 402 
 
 Portraits of Wouvermans — Titian — Holbein — Rubens — ) . n 
 
 Nicholas Poussin J 
 
 Portrait of William Hogarth, Esq 439 
 
 Hogarth's House ) . . fl 
 
 Workshop j 
 
 Heathfield House ) lp , 
 
 High House, Chiswick Mall j 01 
 
 Christ Church, Turnham-Green 4G8 
 
 The following are printed in the Text. 
 
 Berkeley Arms 04 
 
 Archery in the Butts 110 
 
 Sir William Noy's House 140 
 
 Brentford Tokens 163 
 
 King David Playing on Bells 215 
 
 Ealing Tokens 250 
 
 Map of the Roman Road 278 
 
 Chiswick Tokens 383 
 
 The Palladian Bridge 431 
 
 Chiswick Chapel 454 
 
 Grove House 484 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 BRENTFORD. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Introduction — County of Middlesex — Hundreds of Eltborne and Ossuls- 
 ton — Antiquity of Old and New Brentford — The Origin of Villages 
 and Towns — Situation — Geology — River Thames and Fishery — 
 Swan-Upping 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Historical Events — Battle between King Edmund Ironside and Canute, 
 the former pursues the Danes across the Thames, where Kew Bridge 
 now stands ; great loss of the English in crossing the River — Cruel 
 Murder at Brentford of Edmund Ironside, by Edric Streone, the 
 Traitor, — his punishment and death — Chapter of the Order of the 
 Garter held at the Red Lion Inn — The Marian Persecution — Cruelties 
 of that dreadful Period — Burning of Six Protestants in the Market 
 Place — Civil War — King Charles advances to Brentford — Battle and 
 defeat of the Parliament Army — Plunder of the Town — Petition of 
 the Inhabitants to the Parliament — The King's Messages and Decla- 
 ration — Retreats to Kingston — The Earl of Brentford — Election of 
 Members for the County 11 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Parish Church — Original Records — Grants of the Protector's Parliament 
 — Qxieen Anne's Bounty — Augmentation of the Living, and Endow- 
 ment of the Vicarage — Description of the Interior of the Church — 
 Monuments and Inscriptions — Curates and Incumbents — Benefactions 
 and Charities — Benevolent Societies, and Charity Schools — Extracts 
 from the Parish Books 43 
 
XIV CONTEXTS. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Market and Fairs — Charter of King Edward the First granted at the 
 instance of Margaret, Queen of England, to the Prioress and Nuns of 
 St. Helen's, London, in their Manor of Brentford — History and Descent 
 of the Property of the Market and Fairs — Manor of Boston — The 
 Clitherow Family — Biographical Account of the late Colonel Clitherow 
 — The Butts — Ancient and Modern state, formerly a place for Archery 
 — The spot used for the Election of the Members of Parliament — Riots 
 and Disturbances — Brentford Bridge — Ancient and Modern state — 
 Royal Grants 89 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Association of the Church Missionary Society — St. George's Chapel and 
 Charities, Old Brentford — Places of Worship not Parochial; — Baptist 
 Chapel, Old Brentford — Chapel of Particular Baptists, Market Place — 
 Boston Road Chapel — Albany Chapel — Brentford British Schools — 
 British and Foreign Bible Society — Brentford Mechanics' Institution 
 — Brentford Poor Law Union and Workhouse 128 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 New Brentford — Boundaries and Extent — Population and number of 
 Houses — The Hum — The Butts and Market Place — The Brent — The 
 Grand Junction Canal — Boston Road — The Half Acre — The County 
 Court — The Petty Sessions — The Town, Houses, and Inns — Sir W. 
 Noy's House, now Mr. Ronald's — The Great Floods — Rejoicings on 
 the Arrival of Queen Victoria 189 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Old Brentford — Boundaries and Extent- — Population- — Half Acre, Wind- 
 mill Lane — Mrs. Trimmer — The High Street — River Ayts — The 
 Ferry — Wharfs and Manufactories — Timber Yard, Saw Mills — Soap 
 Manufactory — Police Station — Pottery — Brewery — Brentford Distil- 
 lery — G as Light Company — Grand Junction Water Works — Brick 
 Kilns and Tilery 155 
 
 EALING. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 N ame — Situation — Boundaries and Extent — Roads and Highways — 
 Population — Agriculture and Soil — Land Tax — Parochial Rates .... 171 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Parish Church — Rectory and Vicarage — Vicars — Lecturers — Ancient 
 Church Inventory — Monumental Inscriptions — Charities and Bene- 
 factions — Charity Schools — Extracts from the Parish Books 171 
 
CONTEXTS. XV 
 
 CHAPTER TTI. 
 
 Village of Ealing — Ealing and Brentford Volunteers — Ealing Manor — 
 Parsonage House — Manor of Cold-hall — Goodenough House — Ealing- 
 House — Lady Noel Byron's Industrial School — Elm Grove — Ealing 
 Grove — Ealing Green — Little Ealing — Ealing Park — Ealing Dean — 
 Manor of Gunnersbury — Ancient Houses — Eminent Inhabitants 223 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Ealing, north of the Uxbridge Road — Castle Bar Hill — His Royal High- 
 ness the Duke of Kent — Manor of Pitt's-Hanger — Thomas Edwards, 
 Esq. — Fordhook — Henry Fielding, Esq. — Hanger Hill — Hanger Lane 
 — Charles Dibden — The Great Western Railway — The Grand Junction 
 Water Works Company's Engine Houses and Works erecting in 1815 259 
 
 CHISWICK. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Name — Situation — Soil — Boundaries — Extent — Roman Road — Water 
 Courses and Bridges — Parliamentary Army at Turnham-green — Battle 
 of Turnham-green — Ancient Manors 275 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Rectory and Vicarage — Ancient Inventories o:" the Church of Cheswyk 
 — Prebendaries — Value of the Vicarage — Parliamentary and Common- 
 wealth Clergy — Vicars from 1(>G2 — Church of St. Nicholas — Monu- 
 ments and Inscriptions in the Cburch and Church-yard 295 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Town — The Mall — College-House — Ralph — Dr. Rose — Manor 
 Farm-House — Corney-House — Lord Macartney — Sir Stephen Fox's 
 House — Morton Hall — Sir Stephen Fox — Eminent Inhabitants — 
 Population— Trade 346 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 ♦ 
 
 Chiswick-House — Historical and Biographical Reminiscences — Earl of 
 Burlington — Dukes of Devonshire — Duchess of Devonshire — Rigbt 
 Hon. C. J. Fox — Right Hon. G. Canning — Picture Gallery and Gar- 
 dens — Visit of the illustrious Sovereigns in the year 1814 — Visit of 
 Her Majesty the Queen and His Royal Highness Prince Albert, in 
 1S42 — Visit of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor Nicholas, in lb44 385 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Hogarth-House — William Hogarth, Esq. — Holland the Actor — M. de 
 Loutherbourgh — Arthur Murphy, Esq. — Mawson Row — Bishop 
 Mawson — Chiswick Chapel — British Schools — High-House, Chiswick 
 Mall — Count of Nassau — Mr. William Sharp — Mr. Henry Neele — 
 Mr. Charles Whittingham 439 
 
XVI CONTEXTS. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Turnham-Green — Situation — Heathfield-House — General Elliot — Pack- 
 horse Inn — Sir John Chardin — Dr. Morell — Dr. Griffiths — Bohemia- 
 House — Stafford-House — Ugo Foscolo — Turnham-Green Church — 
 Horticultural Gardens — Little Sutton — Sutton Court — Grove-House — 
 Strand-on-the-Green — J. Zoffani, Esq. the Eminient Painter — Joe 
 Miller — New Union Iron Steam Boat Company, and Pier — City 
 Barge — Ealing Park — Chiswick Church Bells — Willow Ayte, called 
 Muckinshaw — Projected Hounslow Atmospheric Railway 461 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 BRENTFORD. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Introduction — County of Middlesex — Hundreds of Elthorne, and Ossulstone — 
 Antiquity of Old and New Brentford — The Origin of Villages and Towns — 
 Situation — Geology — River Thames and Fishery — Swan Upping. 
 
 The obscurity which envelopes the events of remote times, 
 renders the attempt to trace the origin and ancient state 
 of our cities and towns extremely difficult. The most 
 careful and diligent investigator of ancient records can 
 scarcely hope to dispel the clouds which darken them; 
 and yet, from these sources are chiefly derived the faint 
 and glimmering lights which guide us through the uncer- 
 tain labyrinth of early ages. 
 
 But in the elucidation of subjects of this nature, we are 
 frequently led astray by the delusive excursions of fancy ; 
 for the fabulous and discordant opinions of many of our 
 early writers on subjects of antiquity have a tendency 
 rather to mislead, than to inform the mind of the reader, 
 and their authority must not be received without careful 
 examination, their zeal not being sufficiently tempered 
 with that cool and patient investigation which will allow 
 no idea to implant itself, unless founded on a basis that 
 cannot be overturned by future enquiry. But whatever 
 difficulties may arise in the prosecution of antiquarian 
 researches from the above-mentioned causes, it is the duty 
 of the Topographical Historian to make use of such a share 
 
« HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 of industry, diligence, and discrimination, as may enable 
 him to produce a connected and consistent narrative of 
 past events. 
 
 Middlesex. — This county derives its name from its 
 position relatively to the three surrounding kingdoms of 
 the Heptarchy. Though of an irregular form, it resembles 
 a parallelogram, with an area of 282 square statute miles, 
 or 180,480 statute acres. It is divided into six hundreds : 
 viz. Edmonton, Elthorne, Gore, Isle worth, Spelthorn, and 
 Ossulstone. The same number of hundreds are mentioned 
 in the record of Domesday, so that it is obvious that the 
 political divisions of Middlesex have undergone but little 
 alteration since the period of the conquest* 
 
 This county gave birth to the title of Earl to Lionel 
 Cranfleld, Lord Treasurer to King James the First, who 
 was created Earl of Middlesex, in 1622, but the title 
 became extinct, by the death of his son, the third Earl, in 
 1674. It was revived in 1675, in favour of Charles 
 Sackville, son and heir apparent of Richard Earl of Dorset, 
 who had married Frances, sister and heiress of the last 
 Earl. 
 
 The hundred of Ossulstone affords the title of Baron to 
 Charles Bennet Earl of Tankerville, whose family was 
 anciently seated in Berkshire. Sir John Bennet was made 
 Knight of the Bath, at the coronation of Charles the 
 Second ; and he was, in the year 1682, advanced to the 
 peerage, by the title of Baron Ossulstone. 
 
 The towns and villages in the environs of London pos- 
 sess many claims on the notice of the historian, and they 
 may be considered as worthy members of that metropolis, 
 for they are closely indentified with its history and aggran- 
 disement. Indeed, upon the tranquillity and happiness of 
 
 * " It is in effect but the suburbs at large of London, replenished with the 
 retiring houses of the gentry and citizens thereof, besides many palaces of 
 noblemen, and three stately royal mansions, wherefore much measure cannot 
 be expected of so fine ware, the cause why this county is so small, scarce 
 extending, east and west, to 18 miles in length, and not exceeding, north and 
 south, 12 miles in the breadth thereof." — Fuller's Worthies Middx. p. 47. 
 
INTRODUCTION. O 
 
 London, depends, in a great measure, the prosperity of 
 the whole country ; but more especially of those interesting 
 parishes in its immediate vicinity, three of which it is the 
 object of this work to describe. 
 
 The origin of Towns and Villages. — It is a well 
 known fact, but which has scarcely been adverted to, that 
 all the present towns and villages appear to have existed 
 from the Saxon times. This circumstance is in general 
 sufficiently attested, both by their names, and by historical 
 evidence. They have, indeed, become much larger, 
 during a succession of ages ; yet no very great addition 
 has been made to their number. The vast increase of the 
 population and wealth of the country has nearly all been 
 collected and arranged around the centres of the original 
 towns and villages, which, it is curious to reflect, were so 
 numerously spread over the face of the country in those 
 early ages. It is also certain that the present division of 
 the country into parishes, is as old as the tenth century, 
 which proves that the English villages in the Saxon times 
 were nearly as numerous as at the present day. 
 
 Tythings, Towns, and Vills. In process of time, by the 
 increase of inhabitants, there arose small appendages to 
 these towns, called Hamlets ; and the designation of Entire 
 Vills, Demi- Vills, and Hamlets, are noticed so early as 
 the 14th of Edward the First. Sir Henry Spelman con- 
 siders that an entire vill consisted of ten freemen, or frank- 
 pledges ; demi- vills of five ; and hamlets of less than five* 
 
 Brentford. — The township of New Brentford lies 
 within the hundred of Elthorne, in the county of Middlesex, 
 it is bounded on the north by Hanwell, on the east by 
 Ealing and Old Brentford, on the west by Isleworth, and 
 on the south by the River Thames. The whole of the 
 town called Old Brentford, lies within the hundred of 
 Ossulstone, and parish of Ealing. 
 
 NeAv Brentford takes its name from the river Brent 
 which appears at different dates under the titles of the 
 
 * Glos. i. p. '274. Blackstone, vol. i. p. 215. 
 
 b2 
 
4 HISTORY OF BRENTFOED. 
 
 Brain, the Brawnie, the Braint, and finally, the Brent, 
 The town is divided into two parts, called Old and New 
 Brentford, and East and West Brentford. In Norden's- 
 Map of Middlesex, published in 1636, they are called 
 Great and Little Brentford.* 
 
 The town is upwards of a mile in length, and is situated 
 on the Great Western Boad at the distance of seven miles 
 from London. Which end of this town is the most ancient 
 it is rather difficult to decide. In favour of the antiquity of 
 New Brentford we have the proximity to the Ford, the date 
 of the Chapel of Ease, now the Parish Church, the site of the 
 Market and Fair, its being the place of County Elections, 
 and the outward appearance of certain buildings. On the 
 other hand, the name of Old Brentford is an argument of 
 itself. The distinction of Old and New Brentford certainly 
 existed in 1642, as appears by the printed Journals of that 
 period. The outward appearance of certain buildings 
 must have its weight, and it is a well known fact, that 
 before the New Cut was made, there was always along 
 the shore of this part of the town, many barges and other 
 vessels ; New Brentford offering no such convenience, 
 where goods of all sorts could be landed, and then conveyed 
 by carriage to the inward towns and villages. This is a 
 feature, however, altogether independent of the Ford. I 
 mean that if there had been no Brent, and no Ford over it, 
 this being the most convenient spot within the influence 
 of the tide for landing goods, corn, and other goods, for 
 which there would be a demand in the inland country, 
 would naturally occasion the houses to be built, and attract 
 the business that was there carried on. 
 
 Regarded in this light, it seems merely a question whe- 
 ther the transit of the Ford, or the traffic of the Thames, 
 would be the first to cause the erection of habitations. 
 
 * The origin of towns and cities depends on a variety of accidental and 
 anomalous circumstances. The ford of a river, the cell of a hermit, the inaccessi- 
 bility of a mount, the protection of a Castle, the fertility of a plain, the plenteous 
 fishery on a sea coast, or at the mouth of a river, or, perhaps, the vicinity of a 
 royal court, or the household of some rich and powerful lord, or of some opulent 
 and hospitable abbey, are among the causes to which the rise of most of the towns 
 and cities of modern Europe is to be referred. 
 
GEOLOGY. D 
 
 Indeed, the evidence on both sides is so nearly balanced, 
 that we may, without much mistake, declare the two towns 
 coeval. In respect to the situation of the town of Brent- 
 ford, it must be evident to the most casual observer, that it 
 is one where trade and commerce might be expected to 
 flourish ; and it can hardly be doubted, but commercial 
 considerations had considerable weight with its original 
 founders. Be this, however, as it may, in descending the 
 stream of time, and arriving at authentic annals, we become 
 acquainted with a series of interesting events relative to 
 the history of the County Town of Middlesex. 
 
 Geology. — All who are familiar with even the outlines of 
 the delightful and somewhat fashionable science of Geology, 
 cannot fail to be aware, that Brentford is situated in the 
 same chalk basin as London ; and, consequently, like the 
 metropolis, has the blue or London clay for its most impor- 
 tant stratum. Immediately below the soil are various 
 layers of sand and gravel, intermixed with patches of loam 
 and clay, and extending to a depth of from ten to twenty 
 feet. We then meet with the grand deposit of blue clay, 
 which is in this neighbourhood about two hundred feet 
 thick, having below it the abundant green sand formation 
 so rich in soft clear water, which is yielded to the various 
 deep wells in and around the metropolis. 
 
 The very interesting paper published in 1813, by the 
 late Mr. Trimmer, F.R.S., of which we think the fol- 
 lowing abstract will be found acceptable, contains nearly 
 all that is known of the geology of this neighbourhood up 
 to the present time. A few artesian borings, and deep 
 excavations of recent date, have only confirmed the general 
 accuracy of Mr. Trimmer's observations, and made some 
 small additions to his list of organic remains. The works 
 of the Grand Junction Water Company near Kew Bridge, 
 now in progress, give promise of further specimens, which 
 all zealous geologists on the spot will do well to look out 
 for and preserve. 
 
 In this neighbourhood have been found some of those 
 organic remains which form the tacit memorials of ages 
 
D HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 otherwise unknown, and which are calculated to excite 
 an ardour of curiosity that it would be difficult to gratify 
 by rational deduction. 
 
 An account of these discoveries was written by the late 
 Mr. W. K. Trimmer, and is printed in the Philosophical 
 Transactions for the year 1813, accompanied by a letter from 
 that gentleman's brother, stating the decease of the author 
 shortly after he had prepared that paper for publication. 
 
 The account may be deemed the more valuable from the 
 circumstance of Sir Joseph Banks having witnessed the 
 progress of the investigation in its principal stages. The 
 specimens of organic remains discovered near Brent- 
 ford, were found on digging clay, under the direction of 
 Mr. Trimmer, for the manufacture of bricks and tiles. 
 They were discovered in two fields, which are not con- 
 tiguous to each other. The first field in which the earth 
 was perforated, is about half a mile north of the Thames 
 at Kew Bridge, its surface being about twenty-five feet 
 above the Thames at low water. 
 
 The strata on this spot are thus described : — first, sandy 
 loam, from six to seven feet in depth, the lowest two feet 
 being slightly calcareous ; second, sandy gravel, a Yew inches 
 only in thickness; third, loam, slightly calcareous, from 
 one to five feet in depth; between this and the next 
 stratum, peat frequently intervenes in small patches; 
 fourth, gravel with water ; this latter stratum varies from 
 two to ten feet in thickness, and is always the deepest in 
 the places covered by the peat ; fifth, the main substratum 
 of blue clay, which extends under London and its whole 
 vicinity, and which is proved (by the perforation effected 
 in the digging of several wells,) to be about two hundred 
 feet in thickness under the more level lands, and pro- 
 portionably thicker under the hills. 
 
 It does not appear that any organic remains have been 
 found in the first stratum. In the second, snail shells, and 
 the shells of river fish have been met with, and a few 
 bones of land animals, but of an inconsiderable size, and in 
 so mutilated a state that the class to which they belong 
 could not be ascertained. In the third stratum, the horns 
 
GEOLOGY. ( 
 
 and bones of the ox, and the horns, bones, and teeth of 
 the deer have been found. In the fourth stratum were 
 discovered teeth and bones of both the African and Asiatic 
 elephant; teeth of the hippopotamus, and bones, horns, 
 and teeth of the ox. A tusk of an elephant, dug from this 
 stratum, measured nine feet three inches. In the fifth stra- 
 tum, the blue clay, the fossils, are entirely marine, with the 
 exception of some specimens of fruit, and pieces of £>etrified 
 wood, the latter when large, being always penetrated by 
 teredines. The other fossils from this stratum are crabs, 
 nautili, oysters, teeth and bones of fish, and a great variety 
 of small marine shells. This stratum has been penetrated, 
 in the field under notice, only to the depth of thirty feet. 
 The second field is a mile to the west of the former, and 
 about the same distance north of the river Thames, and a 
 quarter of a mile eastward of the river Brent, its height 
 above the river Thames at low water being about forty 
 feet. 
 
 The strata are thus enumerated : — first, sandy loam, to 
 the depth of eight feet, the lowest three feet of which are 
 slightly calcareous ; below this are two strata of gravel and 
 clay, as in the former field ; but these have, in the present 
 instance, been only penetrated in digging for water. In 
 the first stratum, as in the other field, no organic remains 
 have been discovered ; in the second, (but always so low as 
 to be within two feet of the third stratum,) have been 
 found the teeth and bones of the hippopotamus and ele- 
 phant, the horns, bones, and teeth, of several species of 
 deer, and of the ox, together with numerous shells of river 
 fish. The remains of hippopotami are here so abundant, 
 that in turning over an area of 120 yards, in the year 1813, 
 parts of six tusks of that animal were found, besides a 
 tooth, and part of the horn of a deer ; parts of a tusk, and 
 a grinder of an elephant, and the horns, with a small por- 
 tion of the skull of an ox. One of these horns, measured 
 by Mr. Trimmer, was found to be four feet six inches 
 long, following the curve, and five inches in diameter, at 
 the larger end. Mr. Trimmer observes, that the gravel 
 stones in this stratum do not appear to have been rounded 
 
8 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 in the usual way by attrition, and that the bones must 
 have been deposited after the flesh was off, because no two 
 bones have been found together, as joined in the living 
 animal ; and he likewise observes, that the bones are not 
 in the least worn, as must have been the case had they 
 been exposed to the wash of a sea beach. In the third 
 stratum were also found horns and bones of the ox and 
 deer together, with shells of snails and river fish. 
 
 See further particulars in the Philosophical Transactions 
 for 1813, where are introduced engravings of the principal 
 articles discovered. The collection of organic remains 
 formed by this ingenius correspondent of the Royal Society, 
 is now preserved in the house of the Rev. E. Trimmer, 
 of Putney. 
 
 Not any discoveries of importance have occurred since 
 that period. Though many deep borings have been made, 
 these, from want, evidently, of lateral extent, have been very 
 unproductive in fossils. The foundation of the engine-house 
 of the Grand Junction Water Company, near Kew bridge, 
 erected in 1840, was laid at a depth of near forty feet; 
 and, in the course of the necessary excavations, several large 
 nautili, and many smaller marine shells were found. 
 
 River Thames and Fishery. — This town and neigh- 
 bourhood are daily refreshed by the tide of this noble river 
 which flows from the Nore to Teddington (Tide-end town), 
 a few miles beyond Richmond, a distance of more than sixty 
 miles from the sea, a greater length than it flows into any 
 other river in Europe ; yet the Thames must yield to the 
 superiority of many rivers in point of magnitude. The 
 Ganges, and the Nile in the East ; the Mississipi, the Ama- 
 zons, and the Rio Plata in the west ; are in this respect 
 superior to the Thames. The mighty rivers of the western 
 hemisphere pour their streams into the sea through 
 regions that extend over parallels of latitude, and precipitated 
 down wild cataracts, they traverse vast wildernesses, exhi- 
 biting in their gloomy majesty, an unappropriated world. It 
 has been observed, that these rivers contribute their waters 
 not to the Pacific, but to the Atlantic ocean, as if to effect 
 
SWAN UPPIXG. 9 
 
 and preserve the equilibrium of the globe ; a suggestion 
 that fills the mind with reverence and adoration of the 
 beneficence, wisdom, and omnipotence of the Creator. 
 
 But these magnificent rivers are deficient in the attri- 
 butes that distinguish the Thames above all others. This 
 noble stream supplied by nature, but improved and 
 directed by art, bears the produce of every climate, and 
 the commodities of every foreign state to the British 
 capital, and to its populous and increasing vicinity. 
 
 Amidst operations that surpass in magnitude and 
 wealth the representations of ancient Tyre, the humblest 
 industry, and the most ardent- enterprise have contributed 
 to the strength and resources which have raised the British 
 name among the nations of the earth. 
 
 The Fishery, which was formerly carried on here, and 
 in the neighbourhood, is now sadly reduced, and employs 
 but few hands, the daily passage of the steam boats by 
 constantly agitating the water, has driven away the fish 
 higher up the river, where they find a safe retreat and 
 shelter from this annoyance. 
 
 Fifty years ago, there appear to have been as many as 
 a hundred families in Brentford, supported solely by 
 fishing : there are now hardly twenty, notwithstanding the 
 great increase in the population of the town since that 
 period. Perhaps another cause of the downfal of the 
 Brentford fishery is the vastly increased amount of impuri- 
 ties poured into the Thames by the sewers of the ever- 
 growing capital, and of the large suburban villages that lie 
 along the river.* 
 
 The resident bargemen of Brentford, (exclusive of the 
 lightermen, their masters,) number somewhat between two 
 and three hundred, and are on the whole a very thriving 
 class of labourers. 
 
 Swan Uppixg. — There are a great number of Swans 
 upon the Thames. They are under the special guardianship 
 
 * For the condition of the fisheries in the river Thames above London 
 Bridge, see Faulkner's History of Chelsea, p. ^20 ; Fulham, p. 4 ; and Ham- 
 mersmith, p. 68. 
 
10 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 of the Lord Mayor of London, who annually, by himself 
 or by his deputy, goes up the river in his state barge, 
 accompanied by the Vintners' and Dyers' companies to 
 mark the young Swans. 
 
 The Swan hopping or upping, that is the taking up of 
 the Swans to mark the Cignets, and revive the marks on the 
 old birds, if obliterated, is performed in the presence of the 
 Royal Swineherd's man. The marks used during the three 
 preceding reigns, as well as the present, may be seen in 
 Yarrell's interesting work on British birds, where much 
 curious information is given on this subject, together with 
 no less than sixteen Swan marks, which are made upon 
 the upper mandible with a knife, or other sharp instru- 
 ment. 
 
 Formerly large nocks ventured unmolested below Lon- 
 don Bridge, into that channel, now narrowed by vessels 
 from every region. Paulus Jovius describing the Thames 
 in 1552 says, " this river abounds in Swans, swimming 
 in flocks, the sight of which and their noise, are very 
 agreeable to the fleets, that meet them in their course." 
 Shakspeare must have seen this sight, when he made 
 York compare the struggle of his followers at the battle 
 of Wakefield, to a Swan encountering a tidal stream. 
 
 " As I have seen a Swan, 
 With bootless labour swim against the tide, 
 And spend her strength with over-matching waves. 
 
 Hen. VI. p. 3, Act 1, s. 4. 
 
 The attribute of funereal singing was universally ascribed 
 to this bird, by the ancient poets.* But who ever heard 
 this harmony, (asks the learned historian), and why was 
 it more remarkable and mellifluous in the dying Swans 
 of antiquity, than in those of youth and vigour ?f 
 
 * Luc. De Elec. seu Cygn. Tom. 1, p. 815. Basil, 1563. 
 + Burney's Hist, of Music, vol. i. p. 191. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS. 11 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Historical Events — Battle between King Edmund Ironside and Canute, the 
 former pursues the Danes across the Thames, where Kew Bridge now stands; 
 great loss of the English in crossing the River. — Cruel Murder at Brent- 
 ford of Edmund Ironside, by Edric Streone, the Traitor, — his punishment and 
 death. — Chapter of the Order of the Garter held at the Red Lion Inn. — The 
 Marian Persecution. — Cruelties of that dreadful Period — Burning of Six 
 Protestants in the Market Place. — Civil War — King Charles advances to 
 Brentford — Battle and defeat of the Parliament Army — Plunder of the 
 Town — Petition of the Inhabitants to the Parliament — the King's Messages 
 and Declaration — Retreats to Kingston — The Earl of Brentford — Election of 
 Members for the County. 
 
 During the warlike contentions that took place between 
 Edmund Ironside and Canute, Brentford became the scene 
 of a bloody battle and an atrocious murder, the circum- 
 stances of which are, however, variously related by our 
 early historians. After the death of E their ed, in the 
 year 1016, the citizens of London and all the Thanes there 
 present, proclaimed his son Edmund, King of England, he 
 having already given signal proofs of his courage and good 
 conduct. But the Danes and all the counties declared for 
 Canute. As the City of London was a great support to 
 Edmund, the Danish king endeavoured to take it from 
 him, believing that by depriving him of his chief strength, 
 a speedy end would be put to the war. Whilst Edmund 
 was gone to secure Wessex, Canute advanced towards 
 London, and immediately forming the siege carried it on 
 vigorously ; but the brave resistance of the citizens giving 
 Edmund time to throw in succours from the Surry side of 
 the Thames, the Danish king was obliged to raise the siege. 
 Having thus been frustrated in his designs upon London, 
 he used many stratagems to surprise the English, or to draw 
 them away from the city; and having succeeded in this 
 last device, he commenced the siege a second time ; but, 
 meeting with the same resistance as before, the inhabitants, 
 by a glorious defence, again gave Edmund time to come to 
 
1£ HISTORY OF BltENTFORD. 
 
 their relief. A battle soon after took place, when the 
 English under Edmund Ironside defeated the Danes with 
 great slaughter, and pursued them to Brentford,* where in 
 the heat of the action great numbers of the English were 
 drowned in the River Thames, in or near the spot where 
 Kew Bridge now stands. f Here soon afterwards the same 
 king with his army passed over the Thames at low water 
 in pursuit of the Danes who were ravaging Kent.* The 
 particulars of this war would be interesting, if it was 
 possible to give a clear account of them, but we find 
 much confusion in this portion of our English annals. 
 Subsequently peace was made by the partition of the 
 
 * The perfidious leader Edricus sought him as his natural master, and 
 under the auspices of a welcome peace which came with him, swore to remain 
 faithful to him. 'Tis therefore, for the third time, an army having been gathered 
 together, the king saved London from a siege, and drove the Danes to their 
 ships. Two days after he crossed the Thames at a place called Brentford, 
 about to fight a third time, he soon joined battle with them, and having put 
 them to flight, this time he remained the conqueror, while many English 
 having incautiously traversed the river were drowned. After that the king 
 having gathered a greater army in West Saxonia, in the mean time the Danes 
 returned to London and besieged and attacked it on every side ; but God help- 
 ing, they retired soon, and for ever. — Roger De Hoveden, Annal. pars prior, 
 p. 435, inter Scriptores, post Bedam. 
 
 + Then collected he his force the third time, and went to London, all by the 
 north of the Thames, and relieved the citizens, driving the enemy to their 
 ships. It was within two nights after that the king went over at Brentford, 
 where he fought with the enemy, and put them to flight ; but there many of the 
 English were drowned) from their own carelessness, who went before the main 
 army with a design to plunder. 
 
 After this the king went into Wessex, and collected his army, but the enemy 
 soon returned to London and beset the city without, and fought strongly against 
 it both by water and land ; but the Almighty God delivered them. Then 
 assembled King Edmund the fourth time all the English nation and forded the 
 Thames at Brentford, whence he proceeded into Kent. — Chron. Saxon. Ingram, 
 anno 1016. 
 
 I Then the Danes retreated from London with their ships to Arnan, and 
 there landing from their vessels in Mercia, they burnt and killed all that came 
 in their way, as Avas their custom, they took all the provisions, and they sent 
 their vessels and cattle to the Medway. Then king Edmund for the fourth 
 time assembled the whole English people and advanced across the Thames at 
 Brentford, and from thence towards Kent, and in the interval the Danes fled, 
 and he pursued them with his cavalry to Scapige, and slew all those he could 
 take.— Chron. Sax. p. 149. Gibson, Oxon. 1692. 
 
HISTORICAL EVEN-TS. 13 
 
 kingdom, and every thing being settled, the two kings met 
 and mutally swore to maintain the peace ; which resolu- 
 tion was received with joy by the nobles of Edmund's 
 party, who eagerly desired to embrace any expedient to 
 put an end to such a fatal war. But, lamentable to relate, 
 Edmund did not long enjoy this peace, the attainment of 
 which had occasioned him so much trouble and anxiety, 
 for he was cruelly murdered at Brentford, by the con- 
 nivance of his brother-in-law, Edric Streone.* This no- 
 torious character was always the second man in the country, 
 whoever might be the first, and whose base career had 
 ever been marked by treachery and blood. The circum- 
 stances of this sad and deplorable event, are variously 
 related by the early annalists, though all agree that 
 Edmund the Atheling, (which signifies in the Saxon 
 language, illustrious, or of royal blood), Edmund Iron- 
 side, as he was called by the English, was murdered, yet 
 if we may place confidence in the narrative of an ancient 
 annalist, Canute must be exonerated from all participation 
 in this horrid deed, the perpetration of which, was even 
 punished with death by his command. It seems most 
 probable, that Edric Streone instigated his own son to 
 commit the murder, and he hastened to bring the first 
 news of it from Brentford to the king, who at the time 
 concealed his sentiments, because he thought he might 
 have future occasion for the traitor, and he even promised 
 
 * King Edmund some days after this was killed treacherously at Brentford, 
 thus he fell while he flourished in his kingdom, feared and dreaded by his 
 enemies. In the night he went in some house to perform the natural evacu- 
 ations, where the son of Edric the leader, hid in a secret cave by the advice of 
 his father, stabbed the king twice in the belly, and taking flight, left the knife 
 in the viscera. Then Edric came to king Canute and saluted him, saying, 
 " Hail to thee, sole king," and made the circumstance known to him. The king 
 answered, " I am so much beholden to thee for this service, I will place 
 thee higher than any of the English nobility." Therefore he caused him to 
 be beheaded, and his head to be placed on the highest tower in London. Thus 
 Edmund, was a mighty king, who had reigned one year, and is buried near his 
 grandsire Edgar, at Glastonbury. — Hen. Be Huntingdon, inter Scriptores, post 
 Bedam, p. 365. 
 
14 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 to exalt him above all the other peers of the realm. 
 Some time after, at the feast of Christmas, Edric had the 
 insolence to upbraid Canute publicly, for not rewarding him 
 for his past services, but he had no sooner spoken, than the 
 king answered him in a rage, saying, that since he was so 
 audacious as openly to avow so black a treason, he should 
 receive his due punishment, and he immediately ordered 
 him to be executed, and his head to be fixed upon the 
 highest Tower of London-wall. He was accordingly 
 drawn by the heels from Barnard Castle, through the 
 City, to Houndsditch, after he had been put to death. 
 William of Malmsbury, and Matthew of Westminster, 
 affirm that he was beheaded in the king's palace. Bromp- 
 ton says, that his head was fixed on the highest gate in 
 London. Henry of Huntingdon, says on the highest 
 tower of London. 
 
 Order of the Garter Chapter. — Henry VI., held 
 a chapter of the Order of the Garter at the Lion-inn, 
 in Brentford, when Sir Alvaro Vasquez d'Almanda,* a 
 Portuguese knight, (whom for " his great zeal and good 
 love," the King created Earl of Avranches in Normandy, 
 with a pension of one hundred marks a year, and to whom 
 he presented a gold cup, containing one hundred marks), 
 and Sir Thomas afterwards made Lord Hoo, and Hastings, 
 appear to have been elected, and they, as well as Sir 
 John Beauchamp, were installed on the 16th of August fol- 
 lowing, f 
 
 Burning of Six Protestants in the Year 1558. 
 
 When persecuting zeal made royal sport, 
 With tortured innocence in Mary's court, 
 And Bonner, blithe as shepherd at a wake, 
 Enjoy'd the show, and danc'd about the stake. 
 
 Cowper's Expostulation. 
 
 * The letters patent creating him Earl of Avranches, 4th August, 23 Hen. 
 IV. 1445, contain a strong eulogy on his merits, and state that he bad been 
 unanimously elected a Knight of the Garter. 
 
 + Sir Harris Nicolas's History of the British orders of Knighthood (Garter,) 
 p. 70. 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS. 15 
 
 In this year the inhabitants of Brentford were destined 
 to witness one of these dreadful spectacles. It does not 
 appear, however, why this place was chosen for this pur- 
 pose, but it was probably selected with a view of striking 
 a terror into the inhabitants, for neither of those unfor- 
 tunate persons who suffered the punishment of death, 
 were in any way connected with the neighbourhood. 
 
 The persecution of the Protestants was carried on with 
 unabated vigour, during the whole of the reign of Queen 
 Mary, and thus popery was rendered an object of horror, 
 and hatred to the nation. Persons whom neither books 
 nor sermons would have reached, were converted to the 
 Protestant faith, by the constancy of the martyrs, which 
 indeed provoked the persecutors to farther cruelty. What 
 they could not effect by the fear of death, they hoped to 
 accomplish by torments in prison. Their victims were 
 fastened by the feet, hands, and neck, in the most painful 
 postures, they were scourged and beaten, tortured with 
 iire and deprived of food. Meanwhile the continued 
 executions caused a universal consternation. The bigots 
 only triumphed; the rest who had any humanity, could 
 not without great concern, behold men exposed to such 
 inhuman sufferings who were accused of no crimes, but 
 solely for their religion. It could not but be observed, 
 how differently the Protestants behaved from the Roman 
 Catholics. In Edward's reign very few had suffered im- 
 prisonment for their religious opinions, but in Mary's time 
 no punishment was thought too cruel for those who dared 
 to persevere in their opinions. The only measure that 
 was wanting to complete the spiritual bondage of the 
 nation, was the establishment of one of those infamous 
 tribunals which were at that time in full operation in 
 Spain, and this, in all likelihood, would have been done if 
 Mary's life had unhappily been prolonged. The spirit of 
 its laws had already been introduced, but the feelings of 
 the country were opposed to this atrocious system. 
 
 During the four years that this persecution continued, 
 it appears by authentic records, that two hundred and 
 eighty-eight persons were burnt alive, and the number of 
 
16 HISTORY OF BREWTFORD. 
 
 those who perished in prison is unknown. It is clearly 
 ascertained that there were burnt five bishops, twenty-one 
 divines, eight gentlemen, eighty-four artificers, one hun- 
 dred husbandmen, servants and labourers, forty women, 
 two boys, and two infants. In the midst of these dreadful 
 scenes the Queen's health declined, and her death was 
 daily looked for, and when that event happened she 
 was not regretted nor lamented, nor was there even the 
 semblance of sorrow for her loss. She died in the morning, 
 in the afternoon the bells of all the churches in London 
 were rung for the accession of Elizabeth, and at night 
 bon-fires were made, and tables set out in the streets at 
 which the citizens caroused.* 
 
 Here follows an authentic narrative of the martyrdom 
 of six, who suffered at Brainford, for the true testimony 
 of Jesus Christ. — u Not long after the death of seven godly 
 martyrs that suffered in Smithfield, were six other faithful 
 witnesses of the Lord's true Testament, martyred at 
 Brainford, the 14th day of July, 1558, which said six 
 were of that company that were apprehended in a close, 
 and by Islington, and sent to prison. Whose names 
 hereafter follow : — Robert Miles, Stephen Cotton, Robert 
 Dynes, Stephen Wright, John Stade, William Pikes. 
 The six fore-named martyrs, (gentle reader) had their 
 articles ministered to them by Thomas Darbyshire, Boner's 
 Chancellor, at sundry times, when though they were 
 severally examined, yet had they all one manner of articles 
 ministered to them. 
 
 On the 21st, 22nd, and 2ord days of June, these good 
 men were produced before Boner's Chancellor, and had 
 the aforesaid articles ministered unto them, and they had 
 made answer unto the same — in the end the Chancellor 
 commanded them to appear before him again, the 11th 
 day of July, after in the said place at Paul's. When they 
 came, he required of them, whether they would turn from 
 their opinions to the mother holy church, and if not, that 
 
 * Collier's Eccl. Hist. 11, 397 ; Burnet, 11, p. 364. Strype, 111, 473 ; Speed, 
 p. 286 , Heylin, p. 286 ; Fuller, viii. p. 23 ; Rapin, i. p. 42 ; Soutliey, p. 380 ; 
 Hume, Anno. 1555, Vol. II. The Spectator, No. 459. 
 
BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. IT 
 
 then, whether there were any cause to the contrary, but 
 that he might proceed with the sentence of condemnation. 
 Whereunto they all announced, that they would not go 
 from the truth, nor relent from the same, while they lived. 
 Then he charged them to appear before him again the 
 next day, to hear the definitive sentence read against them, 
 according to the ecclesiastical laws then in force. At 
 which time, he sitting in judgment, talking with these 
 godly and virtuous men, at last came unto the same place. 
 Sir Edward Hastings, and Sir Thomas Cornwall, knights, 
 two of Queen Mary's officers of her house, and being 
 there, they sat down, over against the Chancellor, in whose 
 presence the said Chancellor condemned these good poor 
 lambs, and delivered them over to the secular power, who 
 received and carried them to prison immediately, and 
 there kept them in safety, till the day of their death. 
 
 In the mean time, the naughty Chancellor slept not, I 
 warrant you, but that day in which they were condemned, 
 he made certificate into the Lord Chancellor's offices, from 
 whence the next day after was sent a writ to burn them at 
 Brainford aforesaid, which accordingly was accomplished 
 in the same place, the said 14th day of July. Where- 
 unto they being brought, made their humble prayers unto 
 the Lord Jesus, undressed themselves, went joyfully to 
 the stake, whereunto they were bound, and the fire flaming 
 about them, they yielded their souls, bodies, and lives, 
 into the hands of the omnipotent Lord, for whose cause 
 thoy did suffer, to whose protection I recommend thee, 
 gentle reader. Amen.* 
 
 Battle of Brentford. — Historians differ as to the 
 particular day when the King set up his standard at 
 Nottingham. Dugdale says that the King erected it on 
 Friday, August 12th. Clarendon says, that it took place 
 on Thursday, August 25th. But it is of little conse- 
 quence on what particular day that fatal signal was set 
 
 * Burleigh Papers, vol. ii. p. 747 ; Fox's Martyrs, edit. 1684, vol. iii. 
 p. 734, 738. 
 
 e 
 
18 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 up, a signal which involved Britain in the names of a civil 
 war, during which period our nobles indulged an animosity 
 fatal to their country, when the rights of the Church were 
 injuriously trampled upon, and when the untimely deaths 
 of the most virtuous citizens were daily witnessed ; and, 
 moreover, the execrable murder of the Sovereign. 
 
 For whatever might be the mistakes committed by the 
 martyr in the cabinet, or in the field, he commands our 
 admiration and regret, which is likewise given, without 
 reserve, to the gallantry, and disinterestedness of his fol- 
 lowers, while even of the regisides we think as of men, 
 ambitious, it may be cruel, turbulent, and unjust, but bold 
 in their conceptions, and high-minded in their very guilt. 
 We may, therefore, shudder as we peruse the tale of wars 
 raged, and murders committed under the pretext of zeal 
 for religion, or to promote the cause of civil liberty. 
 
 During this unhappy contest, Brentford was not so 
 favoured as to escape the visitation of the sword, although 
 the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, do not 
 appear to have entered with zeal into the views of either 
 party; yet it was their calamity to feel bitterly the rod 
 of war, without having toiled for the harvest of its thorns. 
 
 The contending armies traversed the county of Middle- 
 sex, and the high road from London to Brentford, from 
 one extremity to the other, from East to West. 
 
 In the year 164£, in the beginning of November, while 
 messages were ineffectually passing between the King and 
 Parliament, the King marched with his whole army co 
 Colebrook, and on the 11th of the month advanced to 
 Brentford ; the fact is thus related by Lord Clarendon. 
 
 " So the King marched with his whole army towards 
 Brentford, where were two regiments of their best foot, for 
 so they were accounted, being those who had eminently 
 behaved themselves at Edge-Hill, having barricadoed the 
 narrow avenues of the town, and cast up some little breast- 
 works at the most convenient places. Here a Welsh 
 regiment of the King's, which had been faulty at Edge- 
 Hill, recovered its honour, and assaulted the works, and 
 forced the barricadoes, well defended by the enemy. Then 
 
BATTLE OF BKENTFORD. 19 
 
 the King's forces entered the town, after a very warm 
 service ; the chief officers, and many soldiers of the other 
 side, being killed ; and they took there above five hun- 
 dred prisoners, eleven colours, and fifteen pieces of cannon, 
 and good store of ammunition. But this victory, for 
 considering the place, it might well be called so, proved not 
 at all fortunate to his Majesty-"* 
 
 Among the King's collection of pamphlets in the British 
 Museum, is one entitled, " A true relation of the battail 
 at Branford, the 12th of November, London, 1642. 
 
 The account of the Battle of Brentford is as follows : — 
 
 Prince Rupert taking advantage of a thick mist, brought 
 up his force at Brentford, where he was most valiantly 
 opposed by my Lord Robert's regiment on the bridge, 
 who beat them off, and with great resolution maintained 
 the bridge, till they had spent all their powder and shot, 
 at which time, it pleased God, that Colonel Hamden and 
 Colonel Hollis's regiment came in, who very manfully set 
 upon them and slew many of them, with the loss of a very 
 few on our side. — At Brentford, Nov. 12, 1642. 
 
 The circumstances of this action have been variously 
 represented by the journalists and historians of the two 
 parties. The following account which differs in many 
 particulars from any other I have seen, seems entitled to a 
 considerable degree of credit. It is taken from a manu- 
 script letter, dated November 15th, written as it appears, 
 by an officer who was in the engagement, merely for the 
 information of a relation, and, therefore, not likely to con- 
 tain any wilful misrepresentations. 
 
 " On Saturday, very early* (says the writer,) we marched 
 
 * Here the Welsh under Sir Charles Salisbury their leader, made true the 
 Greek proverb : — Ocpevyiov irakiv fiaxtjatrai. He that flieth will fight again. 
 
 For those that fly may fight again, 
 Which he can never do that's slain. 
 
 Hudibeass, p. Ill, c. 111. 1 243. 
 
 Those who showed swift heels, at Edge-Hill battle, used as stout arms as 
 any in this fight. For formerly they were little better than naked, whereas 
 since they had recovered armour, to fence their bodies and resolutions to arm 
 their minds. — Fuller's Middx. p. 169. 
 
 c2 
 
20 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 from Ashford, and at Hounslow Heath all the king's foote 
 met, expecting a battaile, but none offered : on still we went 
 to Hounslow towne, thence to Brainforde, where unexpect- 
 edly we were encountered by two or three regiments of 
 their's, who had made some small barricadoes at the end 
 of the first towne, called New Brainford. The van of our 
 army being about 1000 musketeers, answered their shots soe 
 bitterly, that within an hour or less, they forsooke their 
 worke in that place, and fled up to another which they had 
 reaised betwixt the two townes, from whence, and a brick 
 house by, with two small ordinance, they gave us a hot 
 and long shower of bullets. My colonel's (Sir Edward 
 Fritton's) regiment was the sixth that was brought to 
 assault, after five others had all discharged, whose happy 
 honour it was (assisted by God, and a new piece of cannon 
 newly come up) to drive them from that worke too, where 
 it was an heart breaking object to hear and see the miser- 
 able deaths of many goodly men ; we slew a lieutenant- 
 colonel, two sargeant-majors, some captains, and other 
 officers and soldiers there, about thirty or forty of them, 
 and took four hundred prisoners. But, what was most 
 pitiful was, to see how many poore men ended and lost 
 their lives, striving to save them ; for they run into the 
 Thames, and about two hundred of them, as we might 
 judge were there drowned by themselves, and so were 
 guilty of their own deaths ; for had they stayed, and yielded 
 up themselves, the King's mercy, is so gracious, that he 
 had spared them all. We took there six or eight colours, 
 alsoe their twoe pieces of ordonance, and all this AVith a 
 very small losse, God be praised ; for believe me, I cannot 
 understand that we lost sixteen men ;* whereof one was a 
 son of Mr. Daniel, of Tabbley ; Mr. Thomas Daniel, a fine 
 young gentlemen, who was a lieutenant under my Lord 
 Kivers, he and his captain were both slain, and a lieutenant 
 
 * Captain Preston and another Captaine, Richard Storie, Leftenant, and 
 Leftenant Daniel, John Whitaker, Richard Allderdon, and divers others which 
 were slaine, one of the King's party. — October. 
 
 Thomas Wade, a soldier from Sharp's the 10th, Leftenant Coust, Richard 
 Mills and others, one the Parlement side. — December, Parish Register Burials 
 1642. 
 
BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. 21 
 
 of our regiment, but none of our countrymen. Then we 
 thinking all had been clone for that night, two of our 
 regiments passed up through the old towne to make good 
 the entrance, but they were again encountered by a fresh 
 onset, which scattered like the rest after a short conflict, 
 fled away towards Hammersmith, and we were left master of 
 the townes. That night most lay in the cold fields. Next 
 morning we were startled a fresh by the fresh music of some 
 canon, which proved to be but some fourteen barges of 
 theirs, who with thirteen ordinance, and six hundred men, 
 attempted very indiscreetly to pass down the river from 
 Kingston-on-Thames, by the town where we lay for Lon- 
 don; but, being discovered, what from the bancke and 
 from Sion howse, (the Earl of Northumberland's,) where 
 we had placed some four musketeers within two or three 
 howers space, we sunk four or five of their vessels, with the 
 canons in them, took the rest and eight pieces in them, 
 for our breakfast ; after which, within two hours we could 
 descry a great army making down upon us from London, 
 who marching, came up within musket shot of us ; but 
 the King finding his men wearie, and being satisfied with 
 what he had done before for that tyme, and havinge no 
 convenient place for his horse which is the greatest pillar of 
 his army to fight, very wisely drew off his men by degrees, 
 and unperceived by them, left the towne naked, some of 
 his horse dragoons keeping them deceived till the foot 
 were all gone, and then they gallopped in the rear after, 
 which the enemy perceiving, played on their back with 
 their canon, but with no harm or success at all-, God be 
 praised; soe that night we inarched back toward Hampton 
 Court, next day into Kingston, a great towne which they 
 had manned the day before with six thousand men in it, 
 but left it upon our fight at Brainford ; soe here we are 
 now very safe, our foot and our horse round about us." 
 
 After the battle great outrages were committed in the 
 town, in consequence of which the inhabitants presented 
 the following petition to the Commons, and the House 
 taking the matter into consideration, sent an order to the 
 ministers of Middlesex, that they should upon the fast day 
 
«S«S HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 then appointed, read in their churches a relation of their 
 sufferings, and excite the people to compassion ; the con- 
 tributions in some places were very liberal ; at Stepney, 
 the sum of thirty pounds was collected. 
 
 But the accounts given of the cruelties perpetrated by 
 the contending factions during this dreadful contest, should 
 be received with great caution. They were written at a time 
 of violent national agitation, when a spirit of anti-chiistian 
 animosity was widely diffused over the whole country. 
 
 The humble petition of all the inhabitants of the town 
 of Old Brainford. To the honourable the Commons assem- 
 bled in Parliament, for some speedy course for relief of 
 such great damage and loss as they received by His 
 Majesty's forces of the twelfth and thirteenth of this pre- 
 sent November. 
 
 Together with an order for the minister, of Middlesex, 
 and partly of London, to read in their parish Churches 
 on the next fast-day, the relation of the sufferings of the 
 inhabitants of Old Brainford, lately printed for Edmund 
 Husbands and John Frank, to excite the people to a com- 
 passionate consideration of them. 
 
 " London, Nov. 27, 1642. 
 
 " To the honourable assembly of the Commons House of 
 Parliament. The humble petition of all and every the 
 inhabitants of Old Brainford, in the County of Middlesex. 
 
 " Sheweth : — That it is too manifest to the world, how 
 that your petitioners on the twelve and thirteen days of this 
 present month, were plundered and bereaved of their 
 several and particular personal estates, as money, plate, 
 household stuff of all sorts, and other necessaries, of what 
 condition soever, by his Majesty's forces, this happening 
 among them, then your petitioners are able to express. 
 The consideration of whose loss amounting to near four 
 thousand pounds, as particulars may appear, together with 
 the miserable and sad condition they are brought unto, 
 your petitioners humbly leave to the consideration and 
 wisdom of this honourable assembly. Humbly craving 
 some speedy course may be thought of, for the relief of 
 your petitioners jn this their distress, by such ways and 
 
BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. 23 
 
 means as in your great and grave wisdoms shall be thought 
 meet. 
 
 " And they shall ever pray." 
 
 " Die Sabbathi, 26th November, 1642. — It is this day 
 ordered, by the Commons assembled in Parliament, that 
 the Ministers of Middlesex, and partly of London, do the 
 next fast-day read in their several parish churches, the 
 relations of the sufferings of the inhabitants of Old Brent- 
 ford, on the twelfth "and thirteenth of this month, by his 
 Majesties forces ; and that they do excite the people to a 
 compassionate consideration of them, and that whatsover 
 shall be collected upon the next fast-day within the parishes 
 aforesaid, may be employed for the relief of the inhabitants 
 of Old Brainford aforesaid, and of such of New Brainford 
 as have been plundered and ruined by the forces aforesaid. 
 
 " Ordered by the Commons in Parliament, that this peti- 
 tion and order be fortwith printed and published." 
 
 " A true and perfect relation of the barbarous cruel pas- 
 sages of the king's army at Old Braintford, near London, 
 being presented to the House of Commons, by a Com- 
 mittee of the same House, who was sent thither on purpose 
 to examine the truth of the particular actions of the said 
 army."* 
 
 " The king's army upon Saturday the 12th of November 
 instant, (after his Majesty's assent to the Treaty of Accom- 
 modation,) surprised Colonel Holies, his regiment, at Old 
 Brainford, and after they had possessed themselves of the 
 town, they plundered it, without any respect of persons, 
 except the house of one Brent, a Church papist (whose 
 wife was a known popish recusant, and he suspected to 
 give intelligence to the king's army). First they drank 
 and wasted the beer and wine in the several inns, and 
 other places in the town, and such beer and wine as they 
 could not drink, they let it down out, in some cellars as 
 deep as to the middle. They also took from the inhabit- 
 ants their money, linen, woollen, bedding, wearing apparel, 
 horses, cows, wine, hens, &c. and all manner of victuals ; 
 also, pewter, brass, iron pots, and kettles, and all manner 
 
 * Printed for E. Husbands and J. Frank, Nov. 25, 1642. 
 
24 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 of grocery, chandlery, and apothecary ware ; nay, such 
 was their barbarous carriage, that many of the feather 
 beds which they could not bear away, they did cut the 
 ticks of them in pieces, and scattered the feathers abroad 
 in the fields and streets ; they did also cut the cords of the 
 beds, and broke down the bedsteads ; they did cut to 
 pieces and burn the poor fishermens' boats and nets by which 
 they got their living, having pillaged them besides of all 
 that ever they had ; they did cast beef into the dirt, which 
 they carried not away with them ; they littered their horses 
 with wheat sheaves ; they spoiled nurseries of fruit trees 
 of good value, and near upon three bushels of apples from 
 one man they took away, spoiled and trampled to dirt 
 with their horses feet, besides fifteen pair of sheets, his 
 bedding, &c. They also took candles to the value of twenty 
 pounds and upwards from one man, and burnt them all 
 night through the army, and such as they carried not 
 away, either they broke in pieces, or threw into the fire, 
 or trod in the mire. Had they rested with robbing of the 
 richer sort, it had been some degree of mercy, but they 
 left not unplundered, the blind beggar at Old Brainford, 
 taking from him and his wife, their apparel, linen, woollen, 
 and bedding ; and the like they did to the poor almswomen 
 in the Spittle there, and took from them their wheel or 
 rocks, by which they got something towards a livelihood ; 
 and when they had thus plundered and taken away all 
 the goods, except here and there a bed, they defaced some 
 houses, and set one of fire on purpose, as is conceived, to 
 fire the town, which was afterwards quenched by an inha- 
 bitant. Had their wicked carriages here ended in the loss 
 of the inhabitants' goods, without hazard of their persons, 
 they had undergone it with more patience ; but such was 
 their inhuman behaviour, that they did set drawn swords 
 and pistols cocked to men's and women's breasts, threat- 
 ening them with death, if they brought not out all their 
 money, and threatening others to cut off their noses, and 
 pull out their eyes, calling them Parliament dogs, round 
 headed rogues, beating and wounding some of them, (one 
 of them being a lame cripple,) taking others of the 
 
BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. £5 
 
 inhabitants prisoners, and putting irons upon them, others 
 they tied with ropes, and stripped some to their shirts ; 
 and as one of them was led next day in irons towards 
 Oatlands, stooped to take a little water in his hat to drink, 
 they beat him, and bruised him for offering to do it, their 
 hearts were so scared, that they would not extend com- 
 passion to the aged and grey headed ; for they took one 
 grave old gentleman, above four-score years of age, and 
 put him with other of the inhabitants of the town, into the 
 pound, where they were divers hours, and afterwards were 
 removed into the slaughter-house, where they lay all 
 night, it being a most nasty and noisome place ; and the 
 old gentleman being bound head and foot together all 
 night. They also plundered an ancient gentlewoman of 
 about three score and ten years of age, whose age and 
 weakness would not permit her to go to Church for these 
 seven years last past, they took from her all her bedding, 
 linnen, pewter, &c, and even her mantle from her back, 
 leaving her in a poor and miserable condition. Their 
 plundering was so universal, that even divers of the richer 
 as well as the mean sort were, and to this day are, inforced 
 to live of the charity of the Earl of Essex and his soldiers, 
 the Cavaliers leaving scarce a piece of bread or meat in all 
 the town. It would pierce a heart of flint to see the tears 
 dropping from the old men's eyes, in expressing their sad 
 condition ; and a great addition to these cruelties, was the 
 barbarous, merciless, and unheard of usage of the Par- 
 lament soldiers by the Cavaliers ;* for they did put them 
 into a pound and there tied and pinioned them together, 
 
 * The application of Round-heads and Cavaliers, by which the Parliamen- 
 tarians and Royalists, were afterwards respectively stigmatized in the minds 
 of their opponents, originated from the custom of the London Apprentices, 
 having their hair cut close and round to the form of the skull ; and during 
 their daily progress to Westminster, they usually stopped at Whitehall, where 
 the Queen observing out of the window Samuel Barnadiston, among them, 
 exclaimed, " See what a Round-head is there." This term was, perhaps, first 
 publicly used by Captain David Hyde, who whilst walking near Westminster- 
 hall, with other officers, during the disturbances, drew his sword, and said 
 he would cut the throats of those round headed, cropped cared dogs, that 
 bawled against the bishops. — Unpin Hist. ii. 403 ; Bush. Hist. Col. iv. 493. 
 
£6 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 where they so stood for many hours, some of them stripped 
 to their shirts, others to their breeches, most without 
 stockings or shoes, and in that condition removed them to 
 the slaughter-house, where they lay all night, and next 
 day were dragged away over Hounslow Heath towards 
 Oatlands, divers of them bare foot and bare leg, over furs 
 and thistles, till their feet and legs did bleed, and were 
 sorely gauled. But these may be accounted acts of grace 
 and favour in comparison of what they did to others of 
 them ; for when divers of Master Holies, his soldiers fled 
 into the river Thames for safe guard of their lives, they 
 shot at them as they were swimming, and divers of them 
 were drowned. 
 
 "They took after the fight ended, five of the Earl of 
 Essex his soldiers, and tied them by the hands with ropes, 
 inforced them into the River Thames, who standing in the 
 water to their necks, casting their eyes on their enemies, 
 in hopes of mercy ; but, such was the merciless condition 
 of their adversaries, that a trooper rid in the water after 
 them, and forced them to fall into the depth of the water, 
 saying to them in a jeering manner, swim for your lives, 
 when it was past all possibility to escape. Had their bar- 
 barous carriages begun and ended in the heat of blood and 
 revenge, it had a little qualified their offence ; but, so full 
 of inhumanity were their hearts, even before the fight 
 begun at Old Brainford, with Colonel Hollis, his regiment, 
 that they placed ten of the Earl of Essex his soldiers, whom 
 they had formerly taken prisoners at Kingston pinioned, 
 in the front of their men to be as a breastwork to receive 
 the bullets that came from Colonel Hollis his regiment, 
 that the Cavaliers might escape them ; but, such was the 
 providence of God, that not one of them was hurt, though 
 shot in the clothes in many places, and one of the ten 
 escaped, who was formerly a sergiant to a company in 
 Colonel Essex his regiment, and in the presence of divers 
 witnesses averred the truth of this particular. And now 
 since it appears by this prodigious acts of rapine, devasta- 
 tion, and tyranny, that these men delight in cruelty, and 
 fight against their own associates, and spoil those that favour 
 
BATTLE OF BRENTFORD. 27 
 
 their own cause with those that oppose it, what remains, 
 but that they be taken not for such as endeavour the 
 defence of the king, but the ruin of the kingdom, and not 
 as enemies of some kind of men, but as the common ene- 
 mies of mankind; and, therefore, mankind should join 
 together against them, as it was said of Ishmael, ( his 
 sword shall be against every man, and every man's sword 
 against him." 
 
 " 24th November, 1642. Ordered by the Commons 
 assembled in Parliament, that this relation, concerning the 
 passages of the king's army, at Old Braintford, be forth- 
 with printed and published.*" 
 
 " His Majesties Declaration to all his loving subjects, shelv- 
 ing his true intention in advancing lately to Brainford : — 
 
 " Though our reputation be most deare to us, and especi- 
 ally in those cases wherein the truth of our most solemne 
 professions (and by consequence of our Christianity) is 
 questioned, yet it is not onely for the vindication of that, 
 and to cleare ourselfe from such aspersion, but withall to 
 preserve our subjects in their just esteeme of, and duty to 
 us, and from being engaged into crimes and dangers by 
 those malicious reports so spitefully framed, and cunningly 
 spread against us concerning our late advancing to Brain- 
 ford, that we have resolved to publish this our following 
 declaration : 
 
 " At Colebrooke on Friday the 11th of November, (1642) 
 Ave received a petition from both our Houses of Parliament, 
 by the Earle of Northumberland, the Earle of Pembroke 
 and Montgomery, the Lord Wenman, Master Perpoint, 
 and Sir John Hippisly : And indeed we were well pleased 
 to see it so much liker to a petition, than the other papers 
 we had often of late received under that name, and re- 
 turned to it the next day, so gracious an answer, that wee 
 assure ourselves could not but be very satisfactory to all 
 that were truly lovers of peace. The copies of both doe 
 here follow : 
 
 * Hen. Elsvnge, Gler. Pari. Dom, Com, 
 
28 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 " To the King's Most Excellent Majesty, 
 
 " The humble Petition of the Lords and Commons now 
 
 assembled in Parliament. 
 
 " We your Majesties most loyall subjects, the Lords 
 and Commons in Parliament assembled, being affected 
 with a deep and piercing sense of the miseries of this 
 kingdom, and of the dangers to your Majesties Person as 
 the present affaires now stand, and much quickened therein 
 with the sad consideration of the great effusion of bloud 
 at the late battell, and of the losse of so many auncient 
 persons, and further, weighing the addition of losse, misery 
 and danger to your Majesty and your kingdome which 
 must ensue, if both armies should againe joine in another 
 battell, as without God's especiall blessing, and your 
 Majesties concurrence with your House of Parliament, 
 will not probably bee avoided. 
 
 " Wee cannot but believe, that a suitable impression 
 of tendernesse and compassion is wrought in your Majesties 
 royall heart, being yourselfe an eye witnesse of the bloudy 
 and sorrowful destruction of so many of your subjects; 
 and that your Majesty doth apprehend what diminution of 
 your owne power and greatnesse will follow, and that all 
 your kingdomes will thereby be so weakned, as to become 
 subject to the attempts of any ill affected to this state. 
 In all which respects we assure ourselves, that your 
 Majesty will be inclined graciously to accept this our 
 humble Petition, that the misery and desolation of this 
 kingdome may be speedily removed and prevented. For 
 the effecting whereof, we most humbly beseech your 
 Majesty to appoint some convenient place, not farre from 
 the City of London, where your Majesty will be pleased 
 to reside, untill Committees of both Houses of Parliament 
 may attend your Majesty with some propositions for the 
 removall of these bloudy distempers and distractions, and 
 setling the state of the kingdom, in such a manner, as may 
 conduce to the preservation of God's true religion ; your 
 Majesties honour, safety, and prosperity ; and to the peace, 
 comfort, and security of all your people." 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS. 29 
 
 " His Majesties answer to the aforesaid Petition" 
 " We take God to witnesse how deeply we are affected 
 with the miseries of this kingdom, which heretofore we have 
 stroven, as much as in us lay to prevent ; it being suffi- 
 ciently known to all the world, that as we were not the 
 first that took up arms, so we have shewed our readinesse 
 of composing all things in a fair way by our severall offers 
 of treaty, and shall be glad now at length to find any such 
 inclinations in others : the same tendernesse to avoid the 
 destruction of our subjects (whom we know to be our 
 greatest strength) which would always make our greatest 
 victories bitter to us, shall make us willingly hearken to 
 such propositions whereby these bloudy distempers may be 
 stopped, and the great distractions of this kingdom setled, 
 to God's glory, our honour, and the welfare and flourish- 
 ing of our people ; and to that end shall reside at our own 
 castle at Windsore (if the forces there shall be removed) 
 till Committees may have time to attend us with the same 
 (which, to prevent the inconveniencies that shall intervene, 
 wee wish bee hastened) and shall be ready there (or if that 
 bee refused us) at any place where we shall be, to receive 
 such propositions as aforesaid, from both our Houses of 
 Parliament. Doe you your duty ; we will not be wanting 
 to ours ; God of his mercy give a blessing." 
 
 " But the same night after the messengers were gone, 
 certain information was brought unto us, that same day the 
 Earle of Essex had drawne his forces with great store of 
 ordinance out of London towards us, upon which a councell 
 of warre being present, and wee having there .considered, 
 upon debate, our present condition, that being already 
 almost surrounded by his forces, some at Windsore, some 
 at Kingstone, and some at Acton, if wee suffered the 
 remainder to possesse Brainford, we should be totally 
 hemmed in, and our army deprived of all convenience of 
 either moving or subsisting. Yet how necessary soever it 
 appeared, we could not obtaine our owne consent to advance 
 towards Brainford, and either possesse it, or dispossesse 
 them, till wee had satisfied ourselves that it was as lawfull 
 as necessary, and fully weighed all, that not onely reason, 
 
30 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 but malice itself (which wee knew to bee very watchfull 
 upon our actions) could object against it. Wee considered 
 first that it could not reasonably be esteemed an aversion 
 from peace, and an intention to interrupt the treaty then in 
 expectation; since on the other side wee had cause to 
 beleeve by the former rejection of our offers of treaty, when 
 we were supposed to be in no condition of strength, that if 
 we would not thus preserve our selves from being so en- 
 compassed as to come into their powers, the very possibility 
 of a treaty would immediately vanish. Wee considered 
 next, that much lesse could it be interpreted any breach of 
 faith, since willingnesse to receive propositions of treaty 
 was never held to amount to a suspension of arms ; since 
 otherwise we must (because mention of a treaty had been 
 once made) by the same logick have been bound not to 
 hinder them to encompasse us on all parts to Colebrook 
 towns end ; since no word to that purpose (of any suspen- 
 sion) was in our answer ; nay, since in that (by wishing 
 their propositions might be hastned, to prevent the incon- 
 veniences which would intervene) we imply ed, that by this 
 arms were not suspended; and since their own votes of 
 proceeding vigorously, notwithstanding the petition, and 
 their own actions, in sending after their messengers great 
 store of forces with ordnance so neare to us (having before 
 girt us in on all other parts, and sent men and ordnance to 
 Kingstone after the safe conduct asked of us) implyed 
 the same. 
 
 " Being resolved upon these reasons, that this advancing 
 was necessary and just, wee were not yet satisfied till wee 
 had endeavoured the same day (though the interruptions 
 of shooting stopt up the way till the next) to satisfie our 
 Parliament and people of the same, and that peace was 
 still our desire, we to that end directed a message by John 
 White Esquire, which was so received, that his danger of 
 being put to death for bringing it, and the imprisonment 
 of him and the trumpeter that went with him in the gate- 
 house, shewed that the very law of nations was by some no 
 more considered then all other lawes had been before. A 
 copy of which message hereafter followes, to shew how 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS. 31 
 
 little temptation the matter of that gave them for such 
 
 " His Majesty's Message of the 12t7i of November. 
 
 " Whereas last night, being the eleventh of November, 
 after the departure of the Committee of both our Houses, 
 with our gracious answer to their petition, wee received 
 certain information, (having till then heard nothing of it, 
 either from the Houses, Committee or otherwise,) that the 
 Lord of Essex had drawn his forces out of London towards 
 us, which hath necessitated our sudden resolution to march 
 with our forces to Brainford ; we have thought hereby 
 fit to signiiie to both our Houses of Parliament, that wee 
 are no lesse desirous of the peace of the kingdome, then 
 wee exprest in our aforesaid answer, the proposition for 
 which wee shall willingly receive where ever wee are, and 
 desire (if it may be) to receive them at Brainford this 
 night, or early to morrow morning ; that all possible speed 
 may be made in so good a worke, and all inconveniences, 
 otherwise likely to intervene, may be avoided. 
 
 " And to justify yet further, that our intention was no 
 other then was here profest ; as soon as wee were informed 
 that the Earle of Essex his forces were departed from 
 Kingstone, before any appearance or notice of further 
 forces from London, (our end of not being inclosed being 
 obtained) wee gave orders to quit Brainford, and to march 
 away, and possesse that place. 
 
 " Wee cannot but make one argument more of the truth 
 of our profession, that this was all our end, and that wee 
 had not the least thought, by so advancing, to surprise and 
 sack London, (which the malignant party would infuse 
 into that our city) and that is, that probably God Almighty 
 would not have given such a blessing to our journey, as 
 to have assisted us so by land and water, as with lesse then 
 a third part of our foot, and with the losse but of ten 
 men, to beat two of their best regiments out of both Brain- 
 fords, for all the great advantage of the works in them, to 
 kill him who commanded in chief, and kill and drown 
 many others, to take five hundred prisoners, more arms, 
 
32 
 
 HI STORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 eleven colours, and good store of ammunition, fifteen pieces 
 of ordnance, (whereof wee sunk most that wee brought not 
 away) and then unfought with, and unoffered at, nearer 
 then by ordinance, to march away, notwithstanding the 
 great disadvantage of our forces by the difficulties of the 
 passages, if hee, who is the searcher of all hearts, and truth 
 it selfe, had not known the truth of our professions, and 
 the innocency of our heart, and how farre wee were from 
 deserving those horrid accusations of falshood, and treachery 
 cast so point blank upon our own person, and that it would 
 amaze any man to see them suffered to be printed in our 
 City of London, if any thing of that kind could bee a 
 wonder, after so many of the same, and how really they 
 desire accommodation, who upon this have voted they will 
 have none. 
 
 " These our reasons for this action, this our satisfaction 
 sent for it, and this blessing of God upon it, will (wee 
 doubt not) cleer us to all indifferent persons both of the 
 Jesuitecall counsells and the personall treachery, to which 
 some have presumed so impudently to impute it ; and God 
 so blesse our future actions, as wee have delivered the 
 truth of this." 
 
 <l The answer of both Houses of Parliament to his Majesties 
 Message of the 12th of November. 
 " To your Majesties Message of the twelfth of this month 
 of November, wee the Lords and Commons in Parliament 
 doe make this humble answer, that this message was not 
 delivered to us till Munday the fourteenth, we thought it a 
 strange introduction to peace, that your Majesty should 
 send your army to beat us out of our Quarters at Brainford, 
 and then appoint that place to receive our propositions, 
 which, yet it plainly appears, your Majesty intended not 
 to receive, till you had first tryed, whether you could break 
 through the army raised for the defence of this kingdom 
 and Parliament, and take the city, being unprovided and 
 secure in expectation of a fair treaty made to secure the 
 city. If herein your Majesty had prevailed, after you had 
 destroyed the army, and mastered the city, it is easie to 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS. 33 
 
 imagine what a miserable peace we should have had, and 
 whether those courses be suitable to the expressions your 
 Majesty is pleased to make in your answer to our petition 
 of your earnestnesse to avoid any further effusion of blood, 
 let God and the world judge. 
 
 " As for our proceedings, they have in all things been 
 answerable to our professions : we gave directions to the 
 Earle of Essex to draw the army under his command out 
 of the city and suburbs, before we sent any message to 
 your Majesty: so that part of it was inquartered at 
 Brainford before the Committee returned with your 
 answer. And immediately upon the receit thereof, that 
 very morning order was taken that the souldiers should 
 exercise no act of hostility against any of your Majesties 
 people. We sent a letter by Sir Peter Killigrew to know 
 your Majesties pleasure whether you intended the like 
 forbearance of hostility. But the fury of your souldiers, 
 thirsting after blood and spoyle, prevented the delivery of 
 the letter. For coming upon Saturday in his way towards 
 your Majesty as farre as Brainford hee found them in fight 
 there and could passe no furthor. God who sees our 
 innocence, and that we have no aims, but at his glory and 
 the publickc good, will (we hope) free your Majesty from 
 those destructive counsels who labour to maintain their 
 own power by blood and rapine, and blcsse our endeavours 
 who seek nothing, but to procure and establish the honour, 
 peace and safety of your Majesty and kingdom, upon the 
 sure foundation of religion and justice." 
 
 " To the Ansioer of both Houses of Parliament to His 
 
 Majesties Message of the 12th of November, His Majesty 
 
 makes this reply : — 
 
 " That his message of the twelfth, though not received 
 
 by them till the fourteenth, was sent to them first upon 
 
 the same day upon which it was dated, and, meeting with 
 
 stops by the way, was again sent upon the thirteenth, and 
 
 taken upon that day at ten in morning by the Earle of 
 
 Essex, and though not to him directed, was by him opened: 
 
 so the slownesse of the delivery is not so strange, as the 
 
 D 
 
34 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 stop of the letter said to be sent by Sir Peter Killigrcw, 
 which his Majesty hath not yet received, but concludes 
 from the matter expressed to have been contained in that 
 letter (to wit to know his pleasure, whether hce intended 
 the forbearance of hostility) and by the command of such 
 forbearance said to bee sent to the Lord of Essex his army, 
 that no such forbearance was already concluded, and con- 
 sequently neither had his Majesty cause to suppose that 
 hee should take any of their forces unprovided and secure 
 in expectation of a fair treaty, neither could any hostile 
 act of his Majesties forces have been a course unsutable to 
 his expressions, much lesse could an endeavour to prepos- 
 sesse (for so hee hoped hee might have done) that place, 
 which might have stopt the further march of those forces 
 towards (which for ought appeared to him, might as well 
 have been intended to Colebrook as to Brainford) and by 
 that the further effusion of blood, deserve that style. 
 
 (i His Majesty further conceives, that the printing so out 
 of time of such a Declaration, as their reply to his answer 
 to theirs of the sixe and twentieth of May, but the day 
 before they voted the delivery of their petition, and the 
 march of the Earle of Essex his forces to Brain ford so 
 near to his Majesty, when the Committee at the same time 
 attended him with a petition for a treaty, the Earle of 
 Essex being before possest of all the other avenues to his 
 army, by his forces at Windsorc, Acton, and Kingstone, 
 was a more strange introduction to peace then for his 
 Majesty not to suffer himself to bee coopt-up on all sides, 
 because a treaty had been mentioned, which was so really 
 and so much desired by his Majesty, that this proceeding 
 seems to him, purposely by some intended to divert (which 
 it could not do) thus his inclination. 
 
 " That his Majesty had no intention to master the city 
 by so advancing, besides his profession, which (how meanly 
 soever they seem to value it) hee conceives a sufficient 
 argument (especially being only opposed by suspicions and 
 surmises) may appeare by his not pursuing his victory 
 at Brainford, but giving orders to his army to inarch away 
 to Kingstone as soon as hee heard that place was quitted, 
 
HISTORICAL EVENTS. 35 
 
 before any notice or appearance of furthor forces from 
 London ; nor could hee finde a better way to satisfie them 
 before hand, that hee had no such intention, but that 
 his desire of peace, and of propositions that might conduce 
 to it, still continued, then by that message of the twelfth, 
 for which care of his hee was requited by such a reception 
 of his Message and messenger, as was contrary at once, 
 both to duty, civility, and the very customes, and law of 
 warre and nations, and such as their (though after this 
 provocation) had not found from him. 
 
 " His Majesty wonders that his souldiers should be 
 charged with thirsting after blood, who took above five 
 hundred prisoners in the very heat of the fight. His 
 Majesty having since dismissed all the common souldiers 
 and entertained such as were willing to serve him, and 
 required onely from the rest, an oath not to serve against 
 him. And his Majesty supposes such most apt and likely 
 to maintain their power by bloud and rapine, who have 
 only got it by oppression and injustice ; that this is vested 
 in him by the law, and by that onely (if the destructive 
 counsels of others would not hinder such a peace, in which 
 that might once again be the universall rule, and in which 
 religion and justice can onely flourish) he desires to main- 
 taine it ; and if peace were equally desired by them, as it 
 is by his Majesty, he conceives it would have beene proper 
 to have sent him such a paper as should have contained 
 just propositions of peace, and not an unjust accusation of 
 his counsels, proceedings and person. And his Majesty 
 intends to march to such a distance from his city of -London, 
 as may take away all pretences for apprehension from his 
 army, that might hinder them in all security from yet 
 preparing them to present to him, and there, will be ready 
 either to receive them, or to end the pressures and miseries, 
 which his subjects to his great griefe suffer through this 
 war, by a present battell."* 
 
 On the 13th of November the day after the battle of 
 
 * London, printed for Edward Husband, T. Warren, R. Best, and are to be 
 sold at tbe Middle Temple, Gray's Inn Gate, and the White Horse in Paul's 
 Church Yard, pp. 715—752. 1643. 
 
 D 2 
 
36 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Brentford, the King marched with his army to Kingston, 
 where he was received with great joy, and staid there till 
 the 18th * 
 
 The King returning to Oxford after the battle, carried 
 thither the prisoners taken at Brentford; within a few 
 days after his return, he granted to Sir Robert Heath a 
 commission of Oyer and Terminer to try some of these 
 prisoners, among whom was Capt. John Lilburne, who 
 was with some others condemned to die. The Parliament 
 having notice of this sentence before its execution, declared 
 that if any prisoner of war should be put to death at 
 Oxford, or elsewhere, they would inflict the like punish- 
 ment upon such prisoners as were or should be taken 
 hereafter. This declaration saved the lives of the con- 
 demned, the King not thinking proper to expose his 
 officers to the same fate.f 
 
 It appears by the public journals that this neighbour- 
 hood was occupied by the Parliament in the following 
 year " They say that the enemy caused his ordnance to be 
 charged against a small pinnace employed by the Parlia- 
 ment for the protection of the Thames, lying opposite to 
 Sion House, and the soldiers were obliged to sink the 
 pinnace, and make their escape to the long boat.*" 
 
 Earl of Brentford. — Patrick Ruthen, Earl of Forth, 
 in Scotland, a brave and pei severing General in the Royal 
 Army, was created Earl of Brentford by Charles I. in the 
 year 1644, as a reward for his services in the battle at this 
 place, two years before. This noblemen served in Ger- 
 many at an early period of life, and evinced great courage, 
 and equal skill in the field, upon numerous occasions in 
 the civil war between Charles and the Parliament, through- 
 out the whole of which he bore an active command. 
 
 TTe are willing to believe that in the following character 
 of the Earl, from the pen of Lord Clarendon, the unfavour- 
 
 * England's Memorable Accidents, Nov. 15 — 22, 1642. 
 
 + England's Mem. Accidents, Nov. 28, Dec. 5, 1612. Iiushworth, Hist. 
 Coll. v. 83, 93. Clarendon, ii. 68 
 
 ♦ Perfect Diurnal. Nov. Ii, 1643. 
 
ELECTION OF COUNTY MEMBERS. 37 
 
 able parts are overcharged, from some unconscious motive 
 of party and personal animosity : — " The General, now 
 created Earl of Brentford, had been, without doubt, a very 
 good officer, and had great experience, and was still a man 
 of unquestionable courage and integrity ; yet he was now 
 much decayed in his parts, and, with the long continued 
 custom of immoderate drinking, clouded his understanding, 
 which had been never quick and vigorous, he having 
 always been illiterate to the greatest degree that can be 
 imagined." The title became extinct at his death in 1651, 
 but was revived by King William III. in 1689, in the 
 person of Frederick Marshal De Schomberg, who came 
 over with that prince at the Revolution, and was shortly 
 after the date of his elevation to this earldom created an 
 English duke.* 
 
 Meinherd, the son of this nobleman, resided at Little 
 Hillingdon in 1719, and was the last duke of Schomberg, 
 and Earl of Brentford. f 
 
 The Election of the County Members continued to 
 be held on Hampstead-Heath till the year 1700-1,+ when 
 the first commencement appears of their taking place at 
 Brentford. 
 
 The following mention of the first election at Brentford, 
 occurs in the daily journals of the times. 
 
 " The Election for Middlesex comes on next Thursday, 
 at Brentford. The Candidates are Mr. Lake, Mr. Smith- 
 son, Sir John Wolsterholme, and Sir John Bucknell."§ 
 
 Secretary Vernon and Mr. Cross were chosen Mem- 
 
 * Schomberg House in Pall Mall, was built by the Duke of Schomberg for 
 his town residence. After his decease it was successively occupied by Richard 
 Conway, Esq. R.A.; after him by Dr. Graham, and by Mr. E. Bowyer, the 
 Proprietor of the Historic Gallery. 
 
 + Dugdale's Baronage, vol. ii. p. 472. 
 
 + The Post Boy, Jan. 9, 1701. 
 
 § On Thursday next, Mr. Chancellor Montague designs with the Free- 
 holders of Middlesex, in and about Whitehall, Westminster, &c. to call upon 
 the Right Hon. Admiral Russell, who is personally to go on their head to 
 Hampstead-Heath, where Sir John Wolsterholme is to meet them. Admiral 
 Russell, and Sir John Wolsterholme, were chosen. — Flying Post, Nor. 9, 12, 
 1695. Parke s History of Hampslcad, p. 2-39. 
 
38 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 bcrs for Westminster, by a great variety of votes ; after 
 which, they went both to Brentford with a great company 
 to choose the Knights of the Shire for Middlesex; the 
 
 Candidates were Sir John Wolsterholme, Smithson, 
 
 Esq.; Warwick Lake, Esq. : and C. Bucknel, Esq.* 
 
 In the field, Sir John Wolsterholme, and W. Lake, 
 Esq., seemed to have the majority; but, a poll being 
 demanded, it was granted — is not finished, f 
 
 Members chosen for Middlesex for the ensuing Par- 
 liament, Warwick Lake, Esq., and Smithson, Esq. 
 
 1701. Sir J. Wolsterholme, Bart. 
 
 Scorie Barker, Esq. 
 1708. Sir J. Wolsterholme, Baxt.J 
 
 Scorie Barker, Esq. 
 1715. Hon. James Bertie. 
 
 Hugh Smithson, Esq. 
 1722. Hon. James Bertie. 
 
 Sir John Austin, Bart. 
 
 Sir George Cooke, Knt. 
 
 William Withers. 
 
 Henry Barker. 
 1727. Hon. James Bertie. 
 
 Sir Francis Child. § 
 1734. Sir Francis Child.|| 
 
 William Pulteney. 
 
 1740, May, vice Childe, deceased. 
 
 Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart. 382 
 
 Henry Barker. 147 
 
 1741, William Pulteney. 
 
 Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart. 
 
 1742, July, vice Pulteney, created Earl of Bath.1T 
 
 Sir Roger Newdicate. 
 1747. Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart. 1797 
 
 Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 1457 
 
 * The English Postman, Jan. 15, 1700. 
 
 + The Postman, Jan. 18th. 
 
 % Died, a new Writ ordered, Feb. 8, 1709. 
 
 § East India Director and Alderman of London 
 
 pied, a new Writ ordered, April 29, 17-10. 
 *' A new Wril ordered, Jufr II. 17 l 
 
COUNTY MEMBERS. 
 
 39 
 
 George Cooke, Esq. 899 
 
 Sir Roger Newdicate, Bart. 194 
 
 1750, Feb. vice Smithson, succeeded to the Peerage 
 as Earl of Northumberland.* 
 George Cooke, Esq.f 1617 
 
 Fraser Honevwood. 1201 
 
 1754. Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 
 George Cooke.:}: 
 
 1761. Sir William B. Proctor, Bart.* 
 George Cooke.^ 
 
 1766. Nov. vice Cooke.** 
 
 George Cooke. 1790 
 
 1768. Nov. vice Cooke, deceased. 
 
 John Glynn. 1542 
 
 Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 1278 
 
 1768. John Wilkes.ff 1292 
 George Cooke. 827 
 Sir William B. Proctor, Bart. 807 
 
 1769, Feb. vice the last Election declared void4+ 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 1769, Feb. vice Wilkes, declared by the House 
 incapable of being elected. §§ 
 
 * Succeeded the Duke of Somerset as Earl of Northumberland, a new Writ 
 ordered, Feb. 27, 1750. 
 
 t Protlionotary of the Court of Common Pleas. 
 
 I Chief Protlionotary of the Common Pleas. 
 
 § Made Knight of the Bath in 1701. 
 
 H Made Joint Paymaster of the Land Forces, Guards, and Garrisons in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 ** Died, a new Writ ordered, Nov. 11, 176G. 
 
 ++ An Alderman of the City of London, declared by the House of Commons 
 incapable of being elected, a new Writ ordered, Feb. 3, 1700, he was again 
 elected. 
 
 H This election declared void, a new Writ ordered, Feb. 17, 1709, he was 
 again elected. The House resolved, April 14, 1709, " that the Poll taken for 
 John Wilkes, Esq. was null and void." Besolved, April 10, 1709, " That 
 Henry Lawes Luttrell, Esq. ought to have been returned, and that the said 
 Henry Lawes Luttrell, Esq. is duly elected. 
 
 §§ Several of the Freeholders Petitioned the House to record their Reso- 
 lution in favour of Henry Lawes Luttrell, Esq. who had only "290 Votes, whilst 
 Mr. Wilkes had 1143, but the House adhered to their former Resolution, 
 May 8th, 1709. 
 
40 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 1769, 
 
 1774. 
 1779, 
 1780. 
 1784. 
 
 1790. 
 1796. 
 1802. 
 
 1804, 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 March, vice the last Election declared 
 void. 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 Col. H. Luttrell * 
 
 John Glynn, f 
 
 John Wilkes.^ 
 Oct. vice Glynn, deceased. $ 
 
 Thomas Wood. 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 George Byng.*| 
 
 William Mainwaring. 
 
 John Wilkes. 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 William Mainwaring. 
 
 George Byng.** 
 
 William Mainwaring. 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. 
 
 William Mainwaring. 
 April, vice the Election of Burdett declar 
 
 G. B. Mainwaring*. J{ 
 
 Sir Francis Burdett, Bart. 
 
 R. 1143 
 T. 296 
 
 1812 
 
 1818 
 
 T. 
 
 2118 
 
 R. 
 
 1858 
 
 W. 
 
 1792 
 
 T. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 T. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 3848 
 
 W. 
 
 3207 
 
 T. 
 
 2936 
 
 ed void. ff 
 
 T. 
 
 2828 
 
 W. 
 
 2823 
 
 * Eldest son to Lord Irnham, of the kingdom of Ireland, a Lieutenant- 
 Colonel of Horse. 
 
 + Serjeant at Law, and Recorder of the City of London. 
 
 I Chosen an Alderman of London. First Prothonotary of the Court of 
 Common Pleas. Served as Lord Mayor of London in 1775, elected Cham- 
 berlain of the City of London in 1780. 
 
 § An Alderman of London, Lord Mayor in 1775. Died, and the Speaker 
 issued his Warrant to the Clerk of the Crown for a new Writ, Oct. 10, 1779. 
 
 IT Cousin to Lord Viscount Torrington. 
 
 ** Son of the late Member. 
 
 + + William Mainwaring, Esq., and some freeholders, petitioned against the 
 return of Sir Francis Burdett Jones, Bart, renewed second Session, found to 
 be a void election, so far as related to Sir Francis Burdett Jones, Esq. ; and 
 that the petition of Mr. Mainwaring was not frivolous or vexatious, nor the 
 opposition made to it, but Mr. Mainwaring having treated, contrary to the Act 
 of Parliament, could not be erected during the present Parliament. A new 
 Writ ordered, July 20, 1804. 
 
 ! t Found not dulv elected. 
 
COUNTY MEMBERS. 41 
 
 1806. 
 
 1807. 
 
 1812. 
 1818. 
 1820. 
 
 1826. 
 
 1830. 
 1831. 
 1832. 
 
 1835. 
 1837. 
 
 William Mellish * 
 
 
 T. 
 
 3213 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 2304 
 
 Sir Francis Burdett, Bart.f 
 
 
 W. 
 
 1197 
 
 William Mellish. 
 
 
 T. 
 
 2706 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 2368 
 
 Sir Christopher Baynes, Bart. 
 
 
 T. 
 
 2252 
 
 William Mellish. 
 
 
 T. 
 
 
 George Bvng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 William Mellish. 
 
 
 T. 
 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 4004 
 
 Samuel C. Whitbread. 
 
 
 w. 
 
 3585 
 
 William Mellish. 
 
 
 T. 
 
 3073 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 Samuel Charles Whitbread. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 w. 
 
 
 Joseph Hume. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 Joseph Hume. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 
 Joseph Hume. 
 
 R. 
 
 498, 
 
 3238 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 W. 
 
 414, 
 
 3033 
 
 Sir C. Forbes, Bart. 
 
 T- 
 
 492, 
 
 1494 
 
 Sir J. S. Lillie, Knt. 
 
 R. 
 
 16, 
 
 1004 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 
 W. 
 
 3505 
 
 Joseph Hume. 
 
 
 R. 
 
 3096 
 
 Captain Thomas Wood. 
 
 T 
 
 1475, 
 
 2707 
 
 George Byng. 
 
 W. 
 
 157, 
 
 4796 
 
 Captain Thomas Wood. 
 
 T. 
 
 72, 
 
 4582 
 
 Joseph Hume. 
 
 R, 
 
 80. 
 
 4380 
 
 Henry Powuall. 
 
 T. 
 
 18, 
 
 4273 
 
 * Found to be duly elected. The Sheriffs for their illegal conduct in 
 admitting persons to poll who had no title to vote, were by the House of 
 Commons committed to Newgate, where they remained some weeks, and on 
 their petitioning the House, and admitting their offence, they were liberated. 
 
 + In May, 1805, three of Sir Francis Burden's Voters were sentenced to six 
 years' transportation to Botany Bay. 
 
 February 7, 1^06. The Committee sat again, when two of Sir Francis 
 Burdett's Voters being rejected, and no farther objection being made on his 
 part, William Mainwaring, Esq. was declared duly elected, and ought to have 
 been returned. 
 
42 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 SPLIT 
 
 VOTES. 
 
 
 
 Byng and Wood, 
 
 
 
 308 
 
 Byng and Hume, 
 
 
 
 4206 
 
 Byng and Pownall, 
 
 
 
 74 
 
 Wood and Hume, 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 Wood and Pownall, 
 
 
 
 4158 
 
 Hume and Pownall, 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 George Byng, 
 
 
 W. 
 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Thomas Wood, 
 
 T. 
 
 
 Colours. 
 
 
 
 
 1841. 
 
 Tory — Light blue and Scarlet. 
 
 Whig — Orange and Green. 
 The present polling places of the county are as follows ; 
 viz. — Bedfont, Brentford, Edgeware, Enfield, King's 
 Cross, Hammersmith, Mile End, and Uxbridge. Popu- 
 lation 1,576,756.* 
 
 The original or first institution of parliaments, is one of 
 those matters which lie so far hidden in the dark ages of 
 antiquity, that the tracing of it out is a thing equally 
 difficult and uncertain. The word parliament (parlement 
 or colloquium, as some of our historians translate it,) is 
 comparatively of modern date, derived from the French, 
 and signifying an assembly that met and conferred together. 
 It was applied to general assemblies of the states under 
 Louis the Seventh, in France, about the middle of the 
 12th century. But it is certain that, long before the intro- 
 duction of the Norman language into England, all matters 
 of importance were debated in the great councils of the 
 realm; a practice which seems to have been universal 
 among the northern nations, particularly the Germans, and 
 carried by them into all the countries of Europe which 
 they over ran at the dissolution of the Roman empire.f 
 
 * See Population Returns, fol. 1841. 
 
 + Spelman's Gloss. Voc Mod. Un. Hist, xxiii. 307. Tac. de Mor. Germ. 
 Robert. Hist. Cha. v. i. S09. 
 
THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 43 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Parish Church — Original Records — Grants of the Protector's Parliament — 
 Queen's Anne's Bounty — Augmentation of the Living, and Endowment of 
 the Vicarage — Description of the Interior of the Church — Monuments and 
 Inscriptions — Curates and Incumbents — Benefactions and Charities — Bene- 
 volent Societies, and Charity Schools — Extracts from the Parish Books. 
 
 The Church of New Brentford is dedicated to St. Law- 
 rence, and is situated on the south side of the town. 
 The exact period when the old chapel, to which the 
 tower or steeple, belonged was first built, cannot be 
 ascertained, but it is supposed to have been in the twelfth 
 century.* In Abbott Newland's pedigree of the Berkeley 
 family, still extant in Berkeley Castle, Maurice de Berkeley, 
 an ancestor of the present family, is mentioned as having died 
 in 1189, the first of Richard L, and as having been buried 
 in Brentford Chapel; to the building of which he had 
 been a principal contributor, from which circumstance we 
 may conclude that it was built by voluntary contributions. 
 An escutcheon with the Berkeley arms cut in stone and 
 emblazoned, which stood over the porch of the old church 
 has been preserved, and is now placed inside the church 
 against the west wall, surrounded with a gothic frame and 
 the following inscription underneath : 
 
 This COAT ARMORIAL OF THE NOBLE HOUSE 
 OF BERKELEY (whose ancestor MAURICE DE 
 BERKELEY was interred Anno Dom. MCLXXXIX. 
 in Brentford Chapel, TO THE BUILDING of which 
 he had been A GREAT CONTRIBUTOR) was, on 
 rebuilding THE SAME Anno Dom. MDCCLXIV. 
 HERE PRESERVED, to perpetuate the MEMORIAL 
 of so ancient a benefactor. 
 
 * Newcourt's Report, vol. i. p, 627. 
 
44 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Newcourt says, that John de Thorynden* was the first 
 Clerk instituted to the Church of Hanwell with the Chapel 
 of Brentford annexed, in the year 1355, the ninth of 
 Edward the Third, and therefore considers that the Chapel 
 was built about that time ; the circumstances, however, 
 respecting the Berkeley family, which are corroborated by 
 Dugdale, proves this conclusion to be erroneous. f 
 
 Dart, in his History of Westminster Abbey, says, that 
 Edward the Confessor gave Brentford to the Church of 
 Westminster, but there is no mention of it in the Con- 
 fessor's charter, in which he confirms eight hides in Hanwell 
 to the Church of Westminster, which may have led to 
 the error. 
 
 The manor and church of Hanwell continued part of the 
 possessions of that Abbey till its dissolution, when it was 
 given to the see of Westminster, and on the dissolution of 
 that bishopric it reverted to the crown, and was given by 
 Queen Mary to the Bishop of London, and his successors 
 for ever, who still possess it in right of the see. An 
 increase of the stipend of the parish priest to serve this 
 chapel, occurs in the early part of the sixteenth century, 
 which originated from the rent of the George Inn, by 
 a deed of feofment, dated 15th February, 1529, ten years 
 previous to the dissolution of the Convent of St. Helens, 
 from Joan, widow of Henry Redman, to sundry feoffees in 
 confirmation of the said Henry's will, whereby he gave 
 an estate to several uses, and among other things to 
 pay the Parish Priest of West Braynford, yearly the sum 
 of £4 16s. 4d. which deed recites, " that sixteen pence 
 weekly was then gathered among the householders of 
 West Braynford, of some a penny, and others a half-penny, 
 towards the stipend and salary of a priest to minister the 
 sacrament in the church of West Braynford," which she 
 says in the same deed, " is, and by the grace of God, shall 
 be evermore commodious, right, easy, and pleasant, to 
 all the inhabitants and tenants, whereas if they should 
 
 * Vol. i. p. 17. fol. f Baronage, Vol. i. p. ~)'o2. 
 
CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 
 
 45 
 
 repair and go to the Church of Hanwell, distant two miles 
 or near upon it, should be greatly to their pains and 
 travails, by reason whereof many of them from age, sick- 
 ness or other reasonable causes, should very rare go on 
 labours to the said Church of Hanwell, by occasion whereof 
 they should not so often hear mass and other divine 
 service, as now they may in the said Church of West 
 Braynford." 
 
 The following particulars relative to Joan Redman's gift 
 to this Church, are extracted from the " Certificate of the 
 Commissioners for Dissolving Colleges and Chantries*" in 
 the Augmentation Office. 
 
 The Piclie 
 
 of West 
 
 Brayneford. 
 
 Johan Redman gave unto the said 
 Church towardes the salary of a 
 Priest to mynester the Sacrament, 
 and for the obitc yearely to be kepte, 
 landes and Rente in West Brayn- 
 forde, of the yearely value of 
 
 It. s. d. 
 
 ► iiii. xvi. iiii. 
 
 whereof 
 
 f, 
 
 To Master Bo wslev for quit rent v 
 
 d. 
 In quit rent for iiii acres lande viii 
 To the Churchwardens for their d. 
 
 xviii 
 
 peynes 
 
 Salarys accordyng to the s. d. 
 will lxix. hi 
 
 I And therr remayne the Clere 
 
 s. d. 
 
 xiiii. vii 
 
 * A Chantry, was a small chapel annexed to a Parochial Church, founded 
 and endowed for the maintenance of one or more chaunters, or chaunting 
 priests, whose office it was to sing masses, and perform other memorials for the 
 soul of the founder, or such other friends whom he had nominated ; in which 
 the capellane or chanter was intituled and inducted, and took an oath to 
 observe the statutes of the founder. — Fuller's Church Hist. p. 350. Heylins 
 Hist, of the Reform, p. 51. 
 
 Poor Joan Redman little thought when she was making provision for the 
 good of her soul " for ever and for age," how soon all her intentions woidd he 
 subverted bv the dissolution of monasteries, 1 Ed. VI. 
 
46 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 The said Johan Redman gave to the 
 
 said Church for to kepe a crcndell* 
 
 of wax to burne before thaltar one 
 
 Cowe] 
 
 Which was solde ii yeares to Henry 
 
 Bowman of the said towne for xxs.f 
 
 The estate so devised by Redman, was, by virtue of the act 
 of the first of Edward the Sixth, seized on by the Crown, 
 as being given to superstitious uses, but the Commissioners 
 under the Act did not consider the £4. 16s. 4d. nor several 
 other bequests, among the superstitious uses, and in lieu 
 thereof charged the estate with a clear annual payment of 
 six pounds, which is vested in trustees, and is still paid. 
 
 This estate did consist of a public house, and another J 
 adjoining, nearly opposite the Church. By the decree, 
 only half, or three pounds, is expressly for the use of the 
 minister, the other half is in the disposal of the parishioners, 
 but has always been given to him. 
 
 It appears that the premises above-mentioned having 
 been seized by the crown among other chantry lands, were 
 granted by Edward the Sixth, to John Keyme. In the 19th 
 year of Elizabeth, John Bennett of Brentford, and Robert 
 Vincent, of Acton, who, it is probable held the same pre- 
 mises under Keyme's grant, by their indenture of that 
 date, settled upon certain trustees a rent of six pounds per 
 annum, issuing out of the same, half of which was to be 
 appropriated to the minister, and the other to such charit- 
 able uses as should seem most consonant to the intent of 
 Joan Redman above-mentioned. 
 
 This indenture is in the parish chest, where are also 
 
 * According to Roman Catholic allegorists, candles, or tapers, represent 
 Christ ; the wax, his flesh ; the fire, his piety ; the wick, his humanity ; the 
 light his doctrine. The wick further signifies his humility ; the moulded wax, 
 obedience; the flame, the love of God. — Hone's Ancient Mysteries Described, 
 p. 78. Durand, Be Bit. lib. vi. c. lxxii. 
 
 \ Chantry Roll. temp. Edw. VI. Augment. Office. 
 
 + Which houses bare been pulled down and two neat private bouses built 
 mi the site 
 
CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 47 
 
 several deeds relating to these premises, executed by Joan 
 Redman's feoffees, subsequent to King Edward's grant to 
 Kcyme, which renders it probable that the validity of the 
 grant was disputed, the lands in question not having been 
 entirely appropriated to superstitious uses, and therefore 
 not liable to be sold, or granted away under the act for the 
 sale of chantry lands ; and it seems probable, that the parish 
 accepted the rent charge of £6. per annum from Bennet 
 and Vincent as a compromise. 
 
 It was presented to the Commissioners appointed in 
 1650, to enquire into the state of Ecclesiastical Benefices, 
 that Brentford was a Chapel of Ease to Hanwell, two miles 
 distant ; that Mr. Bennett, the Minister, settled there by 
 " the Committee of Plundered Ministers" piously officiated 
 in the cure, and performed all the commands of the Par- 
 liament, that he received the tythes within the limits of 
 Brentford, valued £12. 10s. per annum; that he was 
 entitled to an annual rent of £3. issuing out of the George 
 Inn, and that he had likewise £60. per annum granted to 
 him by the Committee, out of the impropriated rectory of 
 Ashwell, in Hertfordshire. 
 
 In 1651, it was 4t ordered?' that Mr. Lawrence Steele, 
 Juror, do pay unto Mr. John Bennett, Minister of Brent- 
 ford, the sum of thirty pounds, being one half year's salary 
 due 24th of June last, out of the arrears of the remainder 
 of the Rectory of Ashwell, in the County of Hertford, 
 belonging to the late Bishop of London, and continued to 
 the said Mr. Bennett by order of the Committee for the 
 reformation of the Universities, of the 17th of -December 
 last, grounded on an ordinance of Parliament, the yearly 
 sum of one hundred pounds to Mr. Adorinam Byfield,* 
 Minister of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, being 
 first satisfied and paid. 
 
 In 1654, it was " ordered" by the Protector and Council 
 
 * Adorinam Byfield is one of those few persons, who have, by name, been 
 stigmatized by Butler in his " Hudibrass." 
 
 Then- dispensations had been stifled, 
 
 But for our Adorinam Byfield. — Part iii. Canto 2, line 639. 
 
48 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 that this augmentation which had been hitherto paid in 
 corn, should be paid in money to Robert Gooden, then 
 Minister; the Protector afterwards recommended that it 
 should be advanced to one hundred pounds per annum. 
 Abriel Borfett,* who succeeded as Minister in 1657, appears 
 to have had a double apj^ointment, viz. from the Protector, 
 and from Eowland Stedman, Eector of Hanwell. He 
 was admitted 24th of March, 1657, to the Chapel of 
 Braintford, in the parish of Hanwell, upon a nomination 
 exhibited the same day from Rowland Stedman, Minister 
 of Hanwell, and certified from Samuel Reynolds, Row- 
 land Stedman, Thomas Elford, Henry Royd, and John 
 Humphry, f 
 
 The same augmentation charged upon various rectories 
 was continued to him, but it appears by the frequent 
 petitions for the payment of arrears entered into the 
 minute books of the Committee for plundered Ministers, 
 that neither he nor his predecessors received much profit 
 from it. 
 
 " Whereas the trustees by order of the 30th of March, 
 1659, granted unto Mr. Abriel Borfett, among other things, 
 the rents and profits of the tithe of Sunbury, in the said 
 county, to be accounted from the 25th of March, 1659, 
 and the said Mr. Borfett complains that there is one half 
 year's arrears ending on the 29th day of September last, 
 unpaid unto him, which he cannot receive out of the parti- 
 culars charged for the payment thereof, it is " ordered" 
 that Mr. Meemis, Churchwarden, receiver, do pay the 
 sum amounting to twelve pounds, or so much thereof, as 
 is yet unpaid unto Mr. Borfett, out of the particulars 
 charged on the arrears of rents and profits within his 
 receipt, not otherwise particularly disposed of, becoming 
 due within the time in which the said twelve ' pounds 
 became in arrears. T. Thorogood, ¥m. Seale, Win. 
 Skinner, John Cooper. + 
 
 * Parliamentary Surveys, Lamb. MS. Lib. 
 
 t Minutes of the Commissioners, vol. xxxiv. p. 217. 
 
 \ Minutes of the Commissioners, Lamb. MS. Lib. vol. vii. pp. 332, 349. 
 
THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 49 
 
 " Ordered," May 21, 1660, by his Highness Lord 
 Protector and the Council, that it be recommended to the 
 Trustees for the maintainance of Ministers, to make up 
 the augmentation formerly settled on the Lecturer of New 
 Brainford, one hundred pounds per annum for his better 
 maintenance and encouragement, and that they cause the 
 same to be paid accordingly. Hen. Scobell, Clerk of the 
 Council."* 
 
 In all the later patents from the Crown, all tithes and the 
 advowson, or right of patronage of the rectory of Hanwell, 
 the mother church, being, as already mentioned, vested in 
 the Crown, by the dissolution of the bishopric of West- 
 minster, as well as the manor and chapelry of " Boston cum 
 Brentford," by the Protector Somerset's attainder, and Queen 
 Mary granting the former by letters patent dated March 3rd, 
 in the fourth year of her reign, to Bishop Bonner and his 
 successors in the See of London for ever " cum capella de 
 Brentford," and all tithes arising therefrom; the subse- 
 quent grant of the tithes in the Earl of Leicester's patent, 
 and the confirmation or renewal thereof by James I. were 
 void. The tithes of Brentford having been severed from 
 the manor of Boston, and annexed to the rectory of 
 Hanwell by Queen Mary, they continued to be thus 
 enjoyed by the rector of Hanwell till the augmentation of 
 the salary of the chapelry by Queen Anne's bounty, when 
 an allotment of part of them to the then curate of Brent- 
 ford took place, and till that period, the rector of Hanwell 
 was accustomed once a month to perform divine service in 
 Brentford chapel, in virtue of his rectory of the mother 
 church of Hanwell. The officiating curate was chosen by 
 the inhabitants, and maintained chiefly by voluntary sub- 
 scriptions, until Queen Anne's bounty was obtained in 
 1723. By the provisions of the Act of Parliament, it 
 became a distinct benefice, but still presentable by the 
 Rector of Hanwell. The value of the chapelry being thus 
 much increased, a house was built on the freehold land 
 of the church, by subscription, for the curate's residence. 
 
 * Minutes of the Commissioners' Proceedings, Lamb. MS. Lib. vol. i. p. 29. 
 
 E 
 
50 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 A gallery having been erected in 1694 in the church, the 
 seats of which were let, and the profits given to him; 
 the nomination thereto was claimed by the Rector of the 
 mother church, and all ministers, from that time, have been 
 nominated by him. 
 
 In the year 1744, on Queen Anne's bounty being about 
 to be obtained for the Incumbent by subscription, the 
 Rev. Dr. Burnaby, the then Rector of Hanwell, and the 
 Rev. W. Chilcott, D.D., the then Incumbent of New 
 Brentford, entered into a written agreement; and after- 
 wards in the year 1749, when the bounty was obtained, 
 lands were purchased in Heston, and in Leigh, near 
 Reigate ; they at the same time executed a deed to which 
 the Bishop of London, and the Corporation for managing 
 Queen Anne's bounty were parties, pursuant to the Act 
 of Parliament for ascertaining the portion of tithes, and 
 other dues, sums, and allowances to be from henceforth 
 payable and received by the ministers of New Brentford as 
 their stipend, and to be vested in them for ever. 
 
 By this agreement, the small tithes were appropriated 
 to the living, and from its date, 1744, losing its ancient 
 name of chapelry, it thus became a vicarage, and the parish 
 church of New Brentford, presentable by the Rector of 
 Hanwell, but a totally distinct parish of itself. 
 
 In the old Chapel a gallery had been built, the pew- 
 rents of which were received by the minister, towards the 
 expense, of which thirty pounds of the poor's money was 
 applied, the minister paying annually to the churchwarden 
 £1. 16s. out of the pew-rents for interest ; after the building 
 of the new church, the north gallery was allotted to the 
 minister on the same conditions. 
 
 The vicarage house which adjoins the Church, was 
 originally demised to the parish in the year 1646, for 
 twenty-one years, at a pepper corn rent, by Sir Edward 
 Spencer, lord of the manor of Boston, for the " use and 
 behoof of the Minister, or for such poor people, as should 
 be placed there." In the year 1696 it was rebuilt, partly 
 by subscription, and partly by a parish rate, and for many 
 years afterwards it was inhabited by the officiating minister, 
 
New Brentford Church, and Middleton's Monument. 
 
THE AFTERNOON LECTURESHIP. 
 
 51 
 
 the lease being renewed yearly. In the year 1803, a 
 dispute having arisen about the tenure of the house, the 
 parish, who had several times repaired it, asserted their 
 right, and in the year 1804 let it for one year to an indifferent 
 person. In 1805, all differences having been adjusted, 
 the parish voted the sum of £200, to put the house in 
 repair, and a legal instrument, to which the Bishop of 
 London, the Minister, and principal inhabitants were 
 parties, was executed and enrolled in the Court of Chan- 
 cery, by which deed the said house was annexed to the 
 church as a residence for the minister for ever. 
 
 The Afternoon Lectureship. — Dr. Stoddart was 
 appointed Curate and afternoon Lecturer of New Brent- 
 ford in the year 1828. His salary as Curate, was paid 
 by the sequestrators of the Living, and the Lectureship 
 whether preached by the Incumbent or the Curate has 
 always been supported by the voluntary subscriptions 
 of the inhabitants. It appears from the parish books, 
 that a quarterly collection in 1665 made for Mr. Bunnie, 
 the minister, amounted to £6. Is. 
 
 The Church was rebuilt in the year 1T64, with the 
 exception of the Tower, and was opened for public worship 
 in the month of August of that year. The following is the 
 statement of the expense of rebuilding the Church.* 
 
 Dr. 
 
 £. 
 
 s. 
 
 </. 
 
 Cr. £. s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Contract 
 
 . . 1600 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mr. Gee's Legacy 300 
 
 
 
 Extras 
 
 648 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 Materials of Old'chapel 91 
 
 
 
 The Surveyor 
 
 .. 113 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 By a Brief 364 14 
 
 
 
 Bill for Faculty . 
 
 37 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 By Subscription .... 1155 14 
 Gained by Subscription \ 
 
 Money and Legacy ! or 11 
 
 laid out in Stock till [" 
 
 wanted .... j 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 By a Rate 521 16 
 
 9 
 
 
 £2459 
 
 IS 
 
 10 
 
 £2459 15 
 
 10 
 
 It is built in the form of an oblong square, seventy-three 
 feet long, including ten feet of the chancel, and forty-five 
 feet wide. It consists of a nave and chancel, the cieling is 
 
 Parish Books, 1764. 
 
 e2 
 
52 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 flat. The chancel forms a recess with a circular cieling', 
 and is ornamented with festoons of grapes and foliage, the 
 carving and mouldings are painted white, on a pale blue 
 ground. The Decalogue, the Lord's Prayer, and the 
 Apostles' Creed, are painted in gilt letters on a black ground. 
 Over the centre of the middle window, which is of Venetian 
 form, are placed the royal arms, handsomely carved and 
 gilt.* The whole interior of the Church displays a chaste 
 and elegant appearance. It was repaired and painted in 
 the year 1820, and the chancel was again painted in 1840. 
 
 The pulpit and reading-desk are of oak. The gothic 
 font is placed in the nave. 
 
 The galleries are supported by eight Ionic wooden 
 columns. The organ is placed in the west gallery. Twenty- 
 one pews on the north side of the nave and north aisle ; 
 and the whole of the north gallery belong to the Minister, 
 as forming part of the endowment.f The exterior is plain, 
 built of brick, with seventeen circular headed windows. 
 The ancient stone tower, forming part of the original 
 structure, is embattled, and is still in good condition.^ 
 
 * The Royal Arms were the immediate successors of the Roods, which 
 were ordered to be taken dowi) in November, 1547, and are now the only 
 external badge of supremacy. Such texts of Scripture were ordered to be 
 written against the walls of churches as condemned masses. 
 
 t Seats in Churches were subject to sale as early as 1457 ; the price varied 
 from lOd. to lQd., the former sum being paid for one behind the font, and the 
 latter for one opposite the pulpit. — Nichols's Collect. Topog. vol. iii. p. 134. 
 
 In Lambeth Church, in the reign of Philip and Mary, there were so many 
 pews, as to make it expedient to distinguish by labels to whom they were 
 allotted: " Payd for a skin of parchment to wryte men's names upon the 
 pewes, 4d. — Allen's Hist, of Lambeth, p. 72. 
 
 t Church Towers were formerly the parochial fortresses, and were fitted up 
 with fire places, &c. The parishioners resorting to them in time of danger. — 
 Fosbrook's Ency. of Antiq. vol. i. p. 108. 
 
 It is said they were introduced about the time of King Edgar, and improved 
 bv the Normans. — Bentham's Hist, of Ely Cath. p. -30. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 58 
 
 Monuments and Inscriptions inside the Church. 
 
 You enter the Church at the north-east side by a door 
 which leads to the Chancel : on the north wall of which 
 is a handsome marble monument, by Westmacot, which 
 cost two hundred pounds, with the following inscription ; 
 
 In Memory of 
 
 James Clitherow, of Boston House, in this County, Esq. 
 
 He died May 9th, 1805, aged 73 years, 
 
 He was an active Magistrate and was universally beloved and respected. 
 
 Also, of his wife Anne, 
 
 Daughter and co-heir of Reginald Kemys, of Bertholth, Monmouthshire, Esq. 
 
 She died December 25, 1801, in the 71st year of her age ; 
 
 By her he had seven children, 
 
 Anne, married to W. Salkeld, Esq. ; Philippa, married to B. Brooksbank, Esq.; 
 
 Jane, to Peter Baker, Esq. ; Mary, Spinster ; James ; 
 Martha, married to Lord W. Seymour ; and Sarah, married to the Rev. E. Bullock. 
 
 James Clitherow, Esq. (the above-named son,) 
 
 Was born February 6th 1766, and died October, 12th 1811, 
 
 Respected and beloved by all who knew him; 
 
 He was for many years an able and zealous Magistrate for this County, 
 
 And for forty-six years Colonel of the Royal Westminster Middlesex Militia; 
 
 He married Jane, daughter of G. Snow, of Langton, Dorset, Esq. 
 
 By whom he left no issue ; 
 
 Deeply interested in promoting the welfare of his fellow men, 
 
 And gifted with peculiar activity of mind, 
 
 He devoted all the energies of a Christian spirit, 
 
 To the fulfillment of his duties in these and every other relation of life. 
 
 This tablet is erected by his Widow and Sister Mary, 
 
 In fond and grateful remembrance of 
 One of the best and kindest of husbands and brothers. 
 
 On the wall of the north Gallery is a marble monument 
 surmounted with arms, and the following inscription : — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory 
 
 Of a truly amiable and respectable woman, 
 
 Ann, Wife of James Clitherow, of Boston House, Esq. ; 
 
 They were married January 28th 1757, 
 
 And after near forty-five years of perfect conjugal felicity, 
 
 She died December 25, 1801, in the 71st year of her age. 
 
 She was second Daughter and Co-heir of Reginald Kemys, of 
 
 Bertholth, Monmouthshire, Esq. by Jane his Wife, Daughter and 
 
 Co-heir of the Rev. Charles Proby, of Tewing, Herts, D.D. 
 
 She was the happy Mother of seven children 
 
 Who all survived her. 
 
 James, her only Son, married Jane, Daughter of 
 
54 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 George Snow, of Langton, Dorsetshire, Esq. 
 
 Her Daughters were, 
 
 Ann, Wife of William Salkeld, of Fifehead, Neville, Dorsetshire, Esq. 
 
 Philippa, Wife of Benjamin Brookshank, of Hellaugh, Yorkshire, Esq. 
 
 Jane, Wife of Peter Williams Baker, of Ranstone, Dorsetshire, Esq. 
 
 Mary. — Martha, Wife of the Right Hon. Lord William Seymour, 
 
 Fifth surviving Son of Francis, late Marquis of Hertford. 
 
 Sarah, Wife of the Rev. Edward Bullock, A.M. 
 
 In hallow'd earth in holy hope repos'd 
 Her peaceful ashes sleep, th' immortal soul 
 Awaits that awful hour, when what she was, 
 Will from the Almighty's final doom he known. 
 
 Also, of the ahove named 
 
 James Clitherow, Esq. 
 
 Who died May 9th, 1805, aged 73 years, 
 
 In firm expectation of a joyful resurrection, 
 
 And trusting solely in the merits of Jesus Christ, for 
 
 Pardon of his sins, and for an happy eternity. 
 
 On the east wall of the Chancel, on the north side of the 
 window, on a handsome marble monument, with columns, 
 is the following inscription : — 
 
 In Memory 
 
 Of Rachel, ye Wife of Christor. Clitherow, 
 
 Of Boston House, in this County, Esq. eldest Daur. 
 
 Of lames Paule, of Braywick, in the County of Berks, Esq. 
 
 Who died October ye 23d, 1714, agd. 40, 
 
 & had 15 Children born and Christned, 
 
 6 of them died infants, & lye by her, nine survived. 
 
 In memory also 
 
 Of the sd. Christr. Clitherow, 
 
 Who died August 20, 1727, aged 61. 
 
 Arms: — Clitherow, impaling Arg. on a cross sab. 5 etoils of the field for Paule. 
 
 Christopher Clitherow, married Rachel, daughter of James Paule, Esq. of 
 Braywick, Bucks. 
 
 Against the same wall, on the south side of the window, 
 is a neat marble monument surmounted with two separate 
 coats of arms and crest. 
 
 Arms : — Arg. on a Chevron G. between 3 eagles displayed sab. 5 annulets, or, 
 for Clitherow, impaling, quarterly 1 and 4. Per Chevron engrailed 
 or and sab. a lion rampant counterchanged, 2 and 3 Arg. three 
 spears in pale, and a chief sab. the shears, heads on the chief Arg. 
 for Barker. 
 James Clitherow, married the daughter of Thomas Barker, of Chiswick. 
 In expectation of a blessed resurrection, lyeth bvried in this Chancel, the body 
 of lames Clitherow. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 55 
 
 Of Boston Howse, in this Parish, Esq.; He departed this Life 
 
 Ye 25th of Novemr. 1082, leaving 2 Sons, 
 
 lames & Christopher; and 2 Davghters, Jane & Elizabeth. 
 
 Jane married John Jennyns, of Hays, in ye County of Middlesex ; 
 
 Elizabeth unmarried, afterwards wife of Barnham, 
 
 Son and Heir Apparent of Nath. Powell, Bart. 
 
 Here also lyeth the Body of Eliz. Relict of ye 
 
 said James Clitherow, who departed this life ye 24th of Apl., 1G88. 
 
 She was the davghter of Thos. Barker, of Chiswick, 
 
 In the said Covnty, Esq. third wife of ye said James Clitherow, 
 
 And mother of ye sd. Christopher & Elizabeth. 
 
 On the south wall of the Chancel, a handsome marble 
 monument with arms, and the following inscription : — 
 
 In this Chancel lies the body of James Clitherow, of Boston House, in this 
 Parish, Esq. eldest Son and Hen- of Christopher Clitherow, and Rachel his 
 wife. He married Phillippa, eldest Daughter and Co-heir of Leonard Gale, of 
 Crabbet, in ye County of Sussex, Esq., (by Sarah, his Wife, sole Daughter & 
 heir of Richd Knight, of Cowden, in ye County of Kent, Esq.,) by whom 
 he had two sons, James and Christopher, & seven daughters, Philippa, 
 Martha, Sarah, Rachel, Philippa, Elizabeth, & Ann. He died regretted by 
 all that knew him, the 3rd day of May, 175'2, aged 58 years, leaving a character 
 so well known, & so universally esteemed, as to render an encomium unne- 
 cessary. In affectionate regard to the memory of her husband, this monument 
 was erected by his widow whoj lived equally esteemed, & died as justly 
 regretted, January 14th 1760, aged 55. Here also lie the bodyes of their 
 
 daughters. 
 
 Philippa, | ("20th January 173§j f 11th May 1733 
 
 Martha L hnni } 10th FpTmmrv 1 7:12- L di^d -I 
 
 Martha V born 4 10th February 173f V died ■>. 11th Jany. 1753 
 
 Elizabeth J ( 14th October 1742 J ( 14th July 1755 
 
 Arms: — Clitherow as above, on an escutcheon of pretence Az. on a fesse 
 between 3 saltiers Or, 3 lions' heads erased of the field, for Gale, quartering 
 Arg. 3 bendlets Gul. on a canton Az. a spur Or. for Knight. 
 
 James Clitherow, Esq. married Philippa, Daughter and Co-heir of Leonard 
 Gale, Esq. Co. Sussex. 
 
 On the east wall of the South Aisle, is an elegant monu- 
 ment of marble in the form of a Sarcophagus, supported 
 by the figures of faith and hope, designed with exquisite 
 simplicity, and executed in a style that must reflect credit 
 on the age which produced them, as specimens of monu- 
 mental sculpture, by Flaxman, thus inscribed : — 
 
 Thy will be done. 
 
 Sacred 
 
 To the memory of William Howell Ewin, LL.D. 
 
 Who died November 29th, 1804, in the 74th year of his age. 
 
 Also, of his Sister, Susanna Howell Ewin, 
 Who died January 12th, 1808, in the 70th year of her age. 
 
56 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 In the Chancel lies buried William Noy, Attorney- 
 General to King Charles the First. A brass plate with an 
 inscription was placed over his tomb, but was soon defaced.* 
 His character will be found hereafter. 
 
 On the east end wall, over the South Gallery, is placed 
 an elaborate monument in form of an alcove, with a 
 pediment supported by two Corinthian columns of scagliola 
 marble, displaying the figures of John Middleton, Esq. 
 and his wife, kneeling at a fald stool, in the dress of the 
 times. Over the pediment are the family coat of arms. 
 At the base of the Monument on each side are the arms of 
 Middleton and Philips, in separate coats. 
 
 The following inscription is on a black tablet under 
 the above. 
 
 Here sleepeth in the Lord, John Middleton, Esqvre sometymes a student of 
 Lyncolnes Inne, who was borne in ye Parrish of St. Olave, Sovthwarke in the 
 County of Surrey, he married Elizabeth, the daughter of Thomas Philipps of 
 New Brentford ; after hee lived regliously in ye feare of God & favour of all 
 good men for temperance, uprightnesse, & deeds of piety, as ye annuity of 
 five pounds to be distributed uppon ye feast of St. Thomas Th' apostle among 
 ye poore of this Towne of New Brentford for ever, where hee sometymes was an 
 Inhabitant, may give sufficient testemony. Hee departed this life ye 40 yeare 
 of his Age in ye yeare of our Redemption 1624. 
 
 Arms: — Arg. a saltier engrailed Sab. charged with amascell Or, for Middleton, 
 imp. Ar. a chev. erm. between 3 Pelicans orj for Philipps. 
 John Middleton married the daughter of Thomas Philips of Brentford. 
 
 On the south wall of the South Aisle, on a marble 
 tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Mr. Rohert Hazell, wbo died on the 18th day of 
 January, 1840, aged 44 years. 
 
 Near the preceding on a marble tablet — 
 
 To the much esteemed Memory of three worthy men, Brothers, and natives 
 of this Parish, Henry, John, and Thomas Whitehead, whose remains lye under- 
 neath. This Monument is erected as a small token of grateful respect by their 
 very affectionate relative and executor to the last surviving brother, George 
 Balston, of Knigbtsbridge. 
 
 * Ant. Wood's Allien- Oxon. vol. i. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. Oi 
 
 On the same wall on a circular tablet with drapery : — 
 
 Near this Place lie the Mortal remains of the Rev. William Cooke, B.D. 
 
 Late Vicar of Preston, in the County of Suffolk, 
 
 And of Melton Parva, in the County of Norfolk. 
 
 And formerly Fellow of Emanuel College, 
 
 In the University of Cambridge. He died the 1st of April, 1810, aged 76. 
 
 Filial affection inscribes this Tablet to the memory of a good man 
 
 and kind parent. 
 
 Against the eastern wall of the North Aisle on a marble 
 tablet surmounted with an urn. 
 
 A Sacred memorial of Mr. John Soame Howard, 
 
 Late of this Parish, who died January 27th 1810, aged 52 years, 
 
 Of Mrs. Martha Howard his wife, who died February 27th, 1824, 
 
 Aged 67 years, 
 
 And of Mary Ann Howard, daughter of the above, who died March 18th, 1818, 
 
 Aged 26 years, whose remains are deposited 
 
 . Iu the middle aisle of this church. 
 
 On the north wall, on a marble sarcophagus — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 Charlotte, 
 
 The affectionate wife of George Cooper, Esq. 
 
 Of this Parish, 
 
 Who died universally respected, 11th April, 1834, 
 
 In her 34th year. 
 
 On the same Avail on a marble tablet, surmounted with 
 two urns — 
 
 Near this place lie the remains of Benjamin Lucas, Esq. 
 
 Of the Butts, of this Parish, who died the 7th of January, 1788, 
 
 aged 66 years. 
 
 Also, of Mary Lucas, his Widow, 
 
 Who died the 11th of March, 1803, aged 67 years. . 
 
 On a circular tablet with arms, on the east wall of the 
 
 north gallery — 
 
 M. S. 
 
 Of Mrs. Curtis Cullum, late Wife of Thomas Cullum, Gent. 
 
 Eldest Daughter of Henry Hawley, Esq., and Alice 
 
 His Wife ; she died in Childbed ye 8th day of February, 
 
 Ten daies after the birth of their Daughter Anna, 
 
 Whom she left issue, being then first and only child. 
 
 Annoj Domini 170 ° 
 ( .<Etat. suae 20. 
 
 Arms: — Az. a Chevron Erm. between three Pelicans vulning themselves, or, 
 
 for Cullum inpaling Hawley. 
 
58 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 On a circular tablet on the right : — 
 
 Neare the middle of this place is interred the Body of Mrs. Alice Hawley, 
 Widow & relict of James Hawley, Esq. (whose Memorial is opposite here- 
 unto) she departed this life the 25th day of November, Anno Dom. 1678. 
 jEtatis suae 78. 
 
 On a circular tablet on the left — 
 M. S. 
 
 Jacobi Hawley, Armigeri filii natu 4ti. 
 
 Jacobi Hawley, Armigeri filii natu maximi 
 
 Hieronimi quorum omuium Reliquiae iacent 
 
 Sub lapide substrato. Obiit Februarii 12mo. 
 
 Anno Domini 1667. 
 
 Mt&t. suae 73. 
 
 Arms: — Vert, a saltier engrailed Arg. for Hawley. 
 Crest. — An Helmet with a flame. 
 
 Between the preceding, a marble tablet with arms : 
 
 Hanc prope Tabulum jacet 
 
 Henricus Hawley, Ar. 
 
 Urdus Justiciriorum Dom Eegi pacem pro hoc Comitatu Middlesexiae 
 
 Coronae Partriaq. 
 
 Plus-quam trigintas annos fideliter survivit Cujus integritas 
 
 Et Scientia equa nota et utilis Pater familiae indulgens 
 
 Bonorum fautor, Malorum terror, Amicus Omnium. 
 
 (Dni 1706. 
 Vitam hanc pro meliore mutavit 15°. die Decembris Anno j E ~g 
 
 Jacet etiam Alicia Vidua 
 
 Praedicti Henrici Hawley, 
 
 (Dni 1714. 
 Obt. 5o Mar. Ao. \ _. . onax „. 
 (Etat suae /4. 
 
 Arms: — On an escutcheon of pretence Arg. a chevron sable, between three 
 bulls' heads, gules. 
 
 On the same wall on a black marble tablet with gilt 
 letters : — 
 
 M. S. 
 
 Annorum 2 rum 
 
 Quae obierunt infantes 
 
 Earumq fratres 
 
 Henrici filii natu tertii 
 
 Henrici Hawley Armigr. 
 
 Aliciae Uxoris suae 
 
 Obiit 29° die Junii 
 
 Auno |Dom.l695. 
 
 (Etat. sua? llf. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 59 
 
 On the wall of the North Gallery, on a handsome marble 
 tablet with arms : — 
 
 To the Memory of 
 
 Thomas Foxall, Esq. late of Twickenham, in the county of Middlesex, 
 
 Who died Jannary 17th, 1796. 
 
 Also of Eobert Scott, Esq. M.D. 
 
 Late of Twickenham, who departed this life, 
 
 February 7th, 1829, aged 67 years. 
 
 On the floor of the middle Aisle — 
 
 Mr. John Home, late of Newport Street, St. Ann's Westminster, died 11th of 
 December 1766, aged 67. 
 
 Anne, Wife of the Rev. Charles Crane, M.A. Rector of Stockton, in the 
 County of Warwick, caused this inscription to the memory of her Grandfather, 
 to be restored, in the year of our Lord 1812. 
 
 This gentleman was the father of the Rev. John Home, 
 the then minister. He reared and educated a family 
 of seven children, and realized a considerable fortune, 
 at the same time that he acquired a fair and honourable 
 character for himself. He became a liberal subscriber Jto 
 the Middlesex Hospital, and such was his reputation for 
 wealth and integrity, that he was elected the first Treasurer 
 of that excellent Institution.* 
 
 On the floor of the middle aisle — 
 
 Mr. William Piper, 6th of May, 1757, aged 18. 
 
 Mrs. Susannah Piper, Wife of the above, 22nd of July, 1776, aged 68. 
 
 Mr. William Piper, Son of the above, 6th of October, 1800, aged 52. 
 
 Mr. James Berthune, of an antient family of North Britain, practised Sur- 
 gery for 50 years in this Town, and died Oct. 2, 1767, aged 74. 
 
 On the floor of the east end of the north aisle- 
 Here lieth the Body of Dame Mary, the relict of Sir EdAvard Spencer, one of 
 
 the Daughters of John Goldsmith, of Welby, in Com. Suffolk, who departed 
 
 this life the 27 of March, 1658, in the 80th year of her age. 
 
 Sacred to the memory of the Rev. Sir Robert Peat, D.D. K.S.P. 30 years 
 
 Vicar of this Church, Died 21st day of April, 1837, aged 66 years. 
 
 Rev. John Evan Randall, thirty years Minister of this Chapel, died 23d 
 
 March, 1803, aged 63. Also, Elizabeth Alice Randall, Widow of the above 
 
 J. E. Randall, who died at Frome, 27 Nov. 1814 
 
 The following are the memorials formerly in the old 
 
 * Stephens' Life of J. Home Tooke, vol. i. p. 10. 
 
60 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Church which have been preserved by Weever : they are 
 here arranged in the order of date : — * 
 
 Hie jacet Wilielmus Clavel, Agnes, et dementia ux: ejus: qui quidem 
 Wilielmus, obit. 1490. 
 
 Here lyeth the body of Christoper Carbill, alias Norroy, King at Arms, who 
 died 1520. 
 
 Christopher Carlyl, called by some authorities Carhill, 
 was, 21st February, in 9th Hen. Vllth made Norroy 
 King of Arms, upon the promotion of Roger Machado to 
 the office of Clarenceux ; he had held both the office of 
 Pursuivant and Herald by the title of Carlisle which is 
 somewhat singular, he having that name by paternal descent, 
 being the son of Sir William Carlisle, son of John, son of 
 Robert Carlisle. He was employed in numerous public 
 services during the reign of Henry the Seventh. In the 
 second of Henry the Eighth, he had a privy seal for the 
 office of Clarenceux, but did not pass a patent for it under 
 the great seal, being at the time seized with sickness. He 
 made his will on the last day of December in that year, 
 wherein he styles himself Christopher Carlyle, otherwise 
 called Norroy, King of Arms. It was proved the 22nd 
 of May, 1511, 3 Hen. VIHth. He desires therein to be 
 buried at " Richemount if it fortune me to decesse here," 
 " if ellyswhere after the discretion of my executour." It 
 mentions no wife, issue, or relatives. It appears that Norroy 
 died 8th of January, 1510, and was buried at Brent- 
 ford.f 
 
 His wife Alice, daughter of Thomas Mallony, was 
 buried in the Grey friars, London, with an inscription 
 to her memory. For some further particulars respecting 
 this gentleman, see " Collections for the History of the 
 ancient family of Carlisle, by G. N. Carlisle, Esq.J 
 
 Here lyeth Henry Redmayne and Jone his wife .... 1528 
 
 Here lyeth Richard Parker, servant in the Botre to Henry the seventh, and 
 
 Hen. the eight, and Margery his Wyf, late to the Lady Maryes Grace 
 
 daughter to King Henry the eight, by Katherin his first wyf, daughter 
 
 of Ferdinando the sixt King of Spayne, which Richard died 1545. 
 
 * Funeral Monuments, p. 520. Loud. 1631. 
 
 + Mus. Brit. Bibl. Cotton. Vitcll. F. 7. + London, Ito. p. 369, 1822. 
 
MONUMENTAL BRASSES, 
 
 In Brentford and Ealing Churches. 
 
 Henry Redman, and Joan his Wyf, Anno Dom. xv.xxviii. 
 
 Richard Amondesham, and Katheryn his Wyf, Merchant of 
 the Stapel of Calais. 
 
Redman's will. 61 
 
 Against the west wall is placed a brass plate representing 
 John Redman, his wife, and two children kneeling before 
 an altar, with the following inscription : — 
 
 Py for the soul of henry Redman sutyme 
 chefe m mason of ye King worke & Joha 
 his wyf spcall benefactors of this Church 
 which hath gyven ctane land 8 and tenemet 
 therto & anuall half stypend of curats 
 therof & more land sufficiet for a 
 ppetual obyit & mking all reparacons 
 of the sayd land as it do the apere by 
 ctan wrytyngs in custodie of the Churchwarden 3 
 remainyg which hery decesed ye x dy of 
 July ano dm xvxxviii o whoe soull Jim 
 have mcy 
 
 Redman 's Will. — In the name of God, Amen. The yere 
 of our Lord God 1528, the first daye of the monthe of July. 
 I, Henry Redman, of West Brentford, fremason, in my 
 right myncl and good helthe, thanked be God. I make and 
 ordeyne this my last will in manner and forme following ; 
 first, I bequethe my soule to almyghtie God my maker 
 and redeemer, to our Lady St. Mary, and to all the holy 
 company of heaven, and my body to be buryed at the 
 northe syde of St. Lawrence quere there where the vestre 
 would be made. Also, I bequethe to the highe awlter 
 for lack of prevy tithes forgotton by negligens, vs. Item, 
 I bequethe to the roode lyght, His. iiiie?. Also, I bequethe 
 to our Lady lyght in the Chappell, xiik/. and to our Lady 
 in the Churche, xxe?. Item, I bequethe to St. Lawrence 
 iiis. iiiid. to find a taper brenning till the money be spent. 
 Also, I bequethe to a Priest to syng and rede for my soule 
 and good helthe of my wyfe, and the soides of my father 
 and mother, and for my wyfes father and mother, and all 
 that I am bound to praie for and for all christiane soule s, 
 tenne markes for one yere, the same Priest shall kepe the 
 quere on holie dais to maynteyne God service and ones in 
 the weeke Placebo and Dirige, as he will awnswer before 
 
62 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 God. Also, I bequethe to Syon,* xiiis. iiiid. and to the 
 Charter House xiiis. iiii^.f Also I give unto to the friers 
 of Richmond^ vis. viiid. Also, I bequethe all weyryng 
 gere amongst my kingsfolk at the discretion of my wife. 
 Also, I will evi*y yere an obit the xiii. daie of July and 
 thereat v Priests and ii Clarks every Priest to have 
 viii. pence, and the Curate xiid. and every Clark vid. and 
 to offer each one id. I give and bequethe after the decease 
 of me and Jone my wife, the George with thappertenan 8 . 
 and Cottege with the Garden grounde of William Chapman 
 next to the said George on the west party and a cottage 
 next to the Maydenhead, which Maydenhead was the 
 grounde of Wlliam Clavel, and iiii. acres of grounde late 
 the grounde of Agnes Tuttill, two acres thereof and a half 
 lying at Burding Bushes, boundyng to the sex hoole, and 
 one acre butting upon a close of Robert Angers, and half an 
 acre lying in long shoote butting to the Kyngs highe way, 
 as it is more playnely specifyd in the dedes thereof to 
 Master John Spylman and to John his sonne and heire, to 
 Elizabeth Spelman, late the daughter of Sir Henry Frowick 
 and to others to the use of the Pishoners of West Brayn- 
 ford, for to paie the piss Priest wags yerely iii.U. vis. viiid. 
 and the rest to be payd for my obit above named. And to 
 the reparacons of the said howses at the oversight of the 
 ffeoffees and Churchwardens. Also, I give and bequethe 
 to Willm Reedman, the sonne of Thomas Reedman of 
 Westminster, the howse that I dwell in and the lands not 
 bequest ne given after the decease of my wife Jone, if the 
 
 * In the 1415, Henry the Fifth founded within his Manor of Isleworth, a 
 Convent of Bridgetines, giving it the name of Sion, in reference to the Holy 
 Mount. This Monastery was surrendered to the King's Commissioners in 
 1539, 31 Hen. VIII.— Aungiers Hist, of Isleworth, p. 88. 
 
 + The Charter House was built and endowed for twenty-four Monks by 
 Michael de Northbrook, Bishop of London, in the year 13G1. On the disso- 
 lution, the Charter House passed into various hands. In 1613, William, Lord 
 Howard conveyed it to Thomas Sutton, Esq. for the sum of ,£3000. — Allen's 
 Hist, of London, vol. ii. p. 419. 
 
 \ Henry the Seventh is said to have founded a Convent of Observant Friars 
 near the Palace at Bicbmond, about the year 1199. Hollinshed mentions its 
 suppression in the year 1534. — hysons' $ Env. vol. i. Surrey, p. 327. 
 
THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. Oe> 
 
 said Willm Reedman dye without heyres before my wife 
 Joanne all that lands and howses to give and to sell at her 
 discretion yff the said Willm Reedman lyve after my wyfe, 
 then I will that my dwellyng howse with the lands not 
 bequest remayne to the next heyre male of "my blood 
 beyring the name of Reedmans in Huntingdonshire, besyde 
 our Lady of Reedbone, also I give and bequethe to my 
 wife Joanne which Joanne I ordeyne and make my sole 
 executrics and Richard Parker nt her and he to have for 
 his labor as my wife thinketh convenient, and Thomas 
 Reedman my overseer, and he to have for his labor xs. 
 This beying witnessed p r . 
 
 Hugh Gayterd, Sir John Selby nt. other mo. 
 
 at Braynford the day and yere abovementiond. 
 (Taken from the Copy in the Parish Chest.) 
 
 Against the west wall under a circular recess is placed 
 a handsome marble monument supported by two antique 
 urns, with the following inscription — 
 
 D. o. M. 
 
 Thomae Hardwick, F. A. S. 
 
 Olim Architect! non imperiti 
 
 juxtim reliqvae jacent 
 
 Obiit Jan. XVI. 
 
 Anno aetatis LXXVII. 
 
 Humanae salvtis MDCCCXXIX. 
 
 Hoc Pictatis nee non desiderii 
 
 Tarn chari parentis monvmentvm 
 
 Posvervnt 
 
 Mcerentis liberi. 
 
 Thomas John Hardwick, 
 Eldest Son of Philip Hardwick, Architect, 
 
 And Grandson of the above, 
 Born 3d Augt. 1820, died 14th April, 1836 
 
64 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 BERKELEY ARMS, ON THE WEST WALL. 
 
 
 
 Gules, a chevron between 10 Crosses, patee, six and four below, Arg. for 
 Berkeley — quartering 1 G ules, tbree lions passant, or, for Mowbray, 2 Cheeky, 
 or, and az. for warren, 3 Gules, a Lion rampant Arg. for Fitzalan. 
 
 The arms of Maurice de Berkeley, 1189, should have 
 been only the Chevron between the crosses. 
 
 The period when the Berkeley family obtained a right to 
 quarter Moubray, was on the death of James de Berkeley, 
 in 1452. 
 
 This Escutcheon was therefore improperly inserted here, 
 if it was put up in Memory of Maurice de Berkeley as a 
 Benefactor of the old Church. 
 
 What close-twined sympathies of parted years 
 Cling round this hallow' d pile ! how meek it rears 
 Its venerable walls, and throws their shade 
 Around the neighbouring mansions of the dead. 
 Perhaps in this long hallow'd spot, of old, 
 Primeval faith its orisons has told ; 
 Or suffering faith its ground has nobly stood, 
 'Midst Marian fires, and persecuting blood — 
 Here we ourselves in childhood's happier hour, 
 Were led by hands beloved — now grasp'd no more 
 These sacred walls our father's prayers have beard 
 Within these walls their grateful praise they pour'd ; 
 And here they lie around us — as we tread, 
 We move amidst the mansions of the dead. 
 
 The British Church, by the Rev. D. J. Waugh. 
 
THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 
 
 65 
 
 The Churchyard on the south, contains memorials, among 
 others, of the following persons : — 
 
 Hugh Ronalds, . . .... 
 
 1788, Aged 02 
 
 Mary Ronalds, . . 
 
 1799, .. 
 
 .. 77 
 
 Mary Ronalds, . . .... 
 
 1779, .. 
 
 .. 24 
 
 Henry Clarke Ronalds, 
 
 1811, .. 
 
 .. 47 
 
 Francis Ronalds, . . .... 
 
 1806, .. 
 
 .. 45 
 
 Sylvanns Ronalds, . . .... 
 
 1819, .. 
 
 .. 25 
 
 Matthew Ronalds, . . .... 
 
 1821, .. 
 
 .. 26 
 
 Eliza Ronalds, . . 
 
 1823, .. 
 
 .. 65 
 
 H. C. Ronalds, . . 
 
 1828, .. 
 
 .. 12 
 
 Hugh Ronalds, . . 
 
 1833, .. 
 
 .. 71 
 
 Dorcas Salter, . . .... 
 
 1730, .. 
 
 .. 69 
 
 Mary Paddon, . . 
 
 1786, .. 
 
 .. 50 
 
 Rohert Paddon, . . 
 
 1800, .. 
 
 .. 61 
 
 Benjamin Paddon, . . .... 
 
 1839, .. 
 
 .. 71 
 
 Mrs. Eliza Guise, . . .... 
 
 1779, . . 
 
 .. 62 
 
 A. F. Morris, . . 
 
 1817, .. 
 
 
 William Drinkwater, . . 
 
 1775, .. 
 
 .. 35 
 
 Anna do. . . 
 
 1727, .. 
 
 .. 50 
 
 John do. . . .... 
 
 1746, .. 
 
 .. 43 
 
 Anne do. . . .... 
 
 1750, .. 
 
 .. 47 
 
 Mercy do. . . .... 
 
 1844, .. 
 
 .. 74 
 
 Thomas Miles, . . .... 
 
 1802, .. 
 
 .. 54 
 
 Sarah Drinkwater, . . .... 
 
 1714, .. 
 
 .. 71 
 
 Benjamin Clark, . . .... 
 
 1733, .. 
 
 .. 23 
 
 Sarah Banks, . . .... 
 
 178-5, .. 
 
 ...71 
 
 John Clark, . . .... 
 
 1788, .. 
 
 .. 18 
 
 Sarah Clark, . . 
 
 1780, .. 
 
 .. 42 
 
 Thomas Clark, . . .... 
 
 1804, ., 
 
 ...71 
 
 EmmaBlagg, wife of Capt. James Blagg, 
 
 1843, . 
 
 ...41 
 
 Moses Bodicut, . . .... 
 
 1728, . 
 
 ...80 
 
 Anne Bodicut, . . 
 
 1719, . 
 
 
 William Banks, . . .... 
 
 1750, . 
 
 
 Moses Banks, . . .... 
 
 1824 .. 
 
 ...84 
 
 Mary Banks, . . 
 
 1834, . 
 
 . . . "90 
 
 Langford, Lovel Mason, .... 
 
 1804, . 
 
 
 Samuel Kinder, . . .... 
 
 1721, . 
 
 
 Ruth, wife of J. Kinder, .... 
 
 1721, . 
 
 
 Charles Neuille, Esq., a gentleman of most 
 
 
 ancient and noble family, .... 
 
 1750, ., 
 
 ...54 
 
 Blissit William Gould, Esq. .... 
 
 1813, ., 
 
 ...60 
 
 Lieut. E. Smith, Quarter- Master of 
 
 the 
 
 
 Royal West Middlesex Militia .... 
 
 1821, .. 
 
 .. 32 
 
 Sarah Ferrar, . . .... 
 
 1834, .. 
 
 .. 30 
 
 Thomas Foxall, Esq., late Commander 
 
 of 
 
 
 the East India Service. 
 
 
 
66 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 The Chime of Bells in the Steeple, are thus inscribed — 
 
 1. — Prosperity to all our worthy benefactors, 1713. 
 
 2. — Thomas Lester, and Thomas Pack, Fecit. Doctor 
 Wm. Chilcott, Minister. Thomas Hardwick, and Lewis 
 Turner, Churchwardens, 1755. 
 
 3. — Thomas Mears, Founder, London, 1840. Rev. John 
 Stoddart, D.D. Vicar. Mr. Wm. Bunting, Mr. Thomas 
 Hopkins, Churchwardens. 
 
 4.— J. Le Hunt, B.A. Wm. Stebbs, Wm. Shackler, 
 Chapelwardens. R. Phelps made me, 1718. 
 
 5. — Thomas Mears and Son of London, Fecit. 1801. 
 
 6, — In old English letters round this bell, is this 
 inscription — 
 
 " Sancta Maria Ora Pro Nobis." 
 The Virgin Mary was the tutelar saint of John Redman, 
 and this bell was no doubt presented by him about the 
 year 1520, so that it has occupied its present position 
 upwards of three centuries. 
 
 List of the Communion Plate. — A silver spoon, three 
 silver cups, a large silver flagon, three silver patens, a 
 figure of St. Lawrence on the top of the Beedle's staff. 
 
 With the Communion Plate are a cup and two salvers 
 on which are engraven the arms of a Dowager Countess ; 
 this coat, it is natural to suppose, is the arms of the donor, 
 and the received opinion has been, that the plate was the 
 gift of the Dowager Lady Capel, of Tewkesbury and of 
 Kew, a benefactress, by will, to the Charity School ; but 
 it is more probable to have been the gift of the Countess 
 Dowager of Northumberland. 
 
 The arms, by the Coronet, are the arms of a Dowager 
 Countess ; and Lord Capel, whose widow Lady Capel was, 
 never had any other title than Baron Capel, of Tewkesbury ; 
 besides, the arms are not the Capel arms, being only a 
 Lion rampant, the colours not expressed, whereas the 
 Capel arms are Gules, a lion rampant, between three cross 
 crosslets fitchee ; or further, his name was Bennett, and the 
 arms on her monument in Kew Chapel, are the same as 
 
THE CHURCH OF SAINT LAWRENCE. 67 
 
 Lord Tankerville's, nothing resembling the female arms 
 in the engraving. 
 
 Algernon, Earl of Northumberland, who died in 1688, 
 had for his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Theophilus, 
 Earl of Suffolk. The fashion of the plate is that of the end 
 of the seventeenth century. She lived a Dowager from 
 1688 to 1705, and the first quartering in the Percy arms 
 is Or, a Lion rampant, azure. The female coat on the 
 plate is merely the Howard arms, except the bend is 
 marked as Gules not Argent, the crosslets are not fitchee, 
 and the charge on the bend is the Howard arms omitted. 
 Hence, a fair conjecture arises, that the coat of arms 
 is that of the Countess Dowager of Northumberland, 
 engraved by some ignorant hand ; and her inhabitancy of 
 Sion House, adjoining the township, supports the conjec- 
 ture, either that she gave the plate, or that it was bought 
 after her death in 1705. 
 
 The under-mentioned are selected from a " schedoule" of 
 what belonged to the Chappel of New Brentford, taken 
 the 27th day of September, by the Minister and Chappell- 
 wardens in the year 1669, 
 " One large folio Bible. 
 The Books of Common Prayer, one lost by the flood, 
 
 April 26, 1682. 
 A Book of Homilyes. 
 
 Erasmus, Paraphrase on the Gospell, lost by the flood. 
 One Book of Canons. 
 The Parchment Register Books. 
 
 One little Booke of Collections and Distribution - of Almes. 
 Six Books of Formes of Prayers to be used on several 
 
 occasions. 
 One silver Chalice, gilt. 
 One Poor's-box with two locks 
 One Chest with three locks and keys. 
 One Chest of Armour. 
 
 Twelve leather Buckets. Two fyer hooks in the Churche 
 and two in Market-place. One silver Bell, Pin, Collar, 
 and Ball used at Whitsontide." 
 
 f2 
 
68 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 INCUMBENTS from 1650 to 1842. 
 
 I Lambeth MS. Library. 
 
 Death of Vincent. 
 
 1650 John Bennett 
 1654 Robert Gorden 
 1657 Abriel Borfit, M.A. 
 1675 John Franklyn, M.A. 
 1694 Samuel Packer. 
 1707 John Le Hunt, B.A. 
 1726 William Chilcott, D.D. 
 1729 Thomas Vincent. 
 1743 Daniel Burnaby, M.A. 
 
 1760 John Home Tooke. (Resigned in 1769, but his 
 name is not entered in the Bishop's Registry.) 
 1780 Sam. Glasse, D.D. Death of Burnaby. 
 
 1785 G. H. Glasse, Clerk. Resig. Rev. Samuel 
 
 Glasse, D.D. 
 
 1786 John Evan Randall, M.A. Resig. G. H. 
 
 Glasse, Clerk. 
 1803 T.Whipham, Clerk. DeathofJ.E.Randall,M.A. 
 1805 William Ambor Keating, Clerk. Resig. Thos. 
 
 Whipham. 
 1808 Sir Robert Peat, D.D. Resig. W. A. Keating. 
 1837 John Stoddart, D.D. Death of Sir R. Peat. 
 1842 Geo. Harrison, M.A. Resig. J. Stoddart, D.D, 
 
 John Franklyn, M.A. was, by the agreement of a vestry 
 and consent of the Rector of Hanwell, elected to be their 
 Minister in the Chappel of New Brentford, in whose time 
 the Church House was re-built, William Barker, and 
 George Lewis being Churchwardens.* 
 
 J. Le Hunt, B.A. succeeded Mr. Packer, he was appointed 
 Curate by the nomination of the Rev. Roger Rogerson, 
 Rector of Hanwell, by whom he was recommended to the 
 Bishop of London for his license which he received on the 
 ninth of July, 1707. He was the first who refused to be 
 chosen by the town's people, who had usurped a power of 
 
 be 
 
 d 
 
 bo 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 Parish Register, Sept. 18, 1075. 
 
INCUMBENTS. 69 
 
 electing their own curate, contrary to the rules of the 
 Church.* 
 
 In the year 1760, Mr. Horxe was admitted a priest of 
 the Church of England, and in the course of the same 
 year he was appointed Assistant Minister, under Mr Bur- 
 naby, the Rector of Hanwell, and officiated for nine years, 
 as appears by his signature in the Parish registers. He 
 administered every possible comfort to the poor, and was 
 regular in his attention to the sick, a circumstance attended 
 with a double portion of consolation ; for not content with 
 praying with those who desired it, he actually studied the 
 healing art, for the express purpose of relieving the com- 
 plaints of such as were unable to pay for medical advice. 
 He was accustomed to plume himself on the cures he had 
 performed ; and often observed, that although physic was 
 said to be a problematical art, he believed that his medical, 
 were fully as efficacious as his spiritual labours. 
 
 In the year 1773, Mr. Home, equally marked throughout 
 life by eccentricity of character and singularity of fortune, 
 resigned his Church preferment, and resumed the study 
 of the law.f 
 
 The Rev. G. H. Glasse distinguished himself in the early 
 part of his life as a classical scholar, and possessed a 
 remarkable facility of writing Greek verses. In 1781, he 
 published a Greek translation of Mason's Caractacus, and 
 in 1788, a translation of Milton's Samson Agonistes into 
 the same language, both in verse. Dr. Glasse published 
 Contemplations on the Sacred History, 4 vols. 12mo. (1792), 
 Louisa, a Narrative of Facts, supposed to be on the myste- 
 rious History of the Lady of the Hay Stack, translated 
 from the French; a volume of Sermons on various subjects, 
 1793; another volume altered from Bishop Beveridge, 
 1804; and several single Discourses. He was a frequent 
 contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine, under the signa- 
 ture E. E. A.$ 
 
 Sir Robert Peat was Curate for several years before he 
 
 Parish Register. + Stephens' Life of Tooke, vol. i. p. 33. 
 
 I Gent. Mag. 
 
70 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 was appointed to the living. He had been Chaplain to, 
 and a great confidant of his Majesty George the Fourth, 
 who, while Prince of Wales, procured him, in 1808, this 
 preferment. He was in the Commission of the Peace for 
 the district of the Tower of London, and was Prior or 
 Prelate of the sixth language of the Sovereign order of 
 St. John of Jerusalem, and Senior Knight Grand Cross 
 of Stanislaus of Poland. The license to accept this order 
 was granted in 1804, by George the Third, as a special 
 mark of royal favour, Sir Robert Peat being at that time 
 a clergyman. The sixth, or English language above-men- 
 tioned, of the most ancient of all the orders of knighthood 
 has been revived in this country, and is a corporation 
 with the other seven nations or languages. Sir Robert 
 Peat died in 1837, and was buried in the Church* His 
 library, containing a good collection of Theological works, 
 and of Greek and Latin Classics, was sold by Mr. Leigh 
 Sotheby, on the 23rd and 24th of June of that year. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Stoddart, who succeeded Sir Robert 
 Peat, is the eldest son of the Rev. John Stoddart, of 
 Northampton, who was for many years Curate of All 
 Saints Church, and also for more than thirty years the 
 very able and much respected Head Master of the Grammar 
 School in that town. Dr. Stoddart was a Fellow of Clare 
 Hall, Cambridge, and took his doctor's degree in that 
 University, in the year 1836. He was the Curate and 
 Incumbent of the parish of New Brentford for more than 
 fourteen years, and also Vicar of Pattishall, in North- 
 amptonshire, which living was presented to him by the 
 late Lord Chancellor Eldon, in the year 1819. In addition 
 to his duties at New Brentford, he was for more than 
 eight years Chaplain to the Middlesex County Lunatic 
 Asylum at Han well, from its first opening in 1831 to 
 1839, which office he resigned in consequence of the great 
 increase of patients admitted into that institution, and the 
 increased duties required of the Chaplain ; and in 1842, 
 he was presented to the Rectories of Lo wick and Islip, near 
 
 * Gent, Mag. 1837 
 
INCUMBENTS. 71 
 
 Thrapston, in the county of Northampton, by the Duke of 
 Dorset, and appointed his Grace's domestic Chaplain. 
 During his residence at New Brentford, he was much 
 respected by the higher orders for his exemplary discharge 
 of his duties as a parish priest, and his zeal in promoting 
 the welfare of the different charitable institutions belonging 
 to that place ; and by the lower orders he was much 
 beloved for his benevolent and unceasing efforts in behalf 
 of their temporal as well as spiritual wants ; and thus 
 possessing alike the confidence of both, he was the channel 
 of continually communicating the bounty of the one, to 
 relieve the wants and necessities of the other. 
 
 The value of his services as Chaplain to the County 
 Lunatic Asylum, will be best appreciated by the following- 
 extract from the Minutes of the Visiting Magistrates or 
 Justices of that asylum, at a Meeting held on Thursday, 
 the 18th of July, 1839. 
 
 " Resolved, That the Committee of the Visiting Justices 
 of the Han well Lunatic Asylum, cannot accept the discon- 
 tinuance of the valuable labours of the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, 
 as Chaplain of that Establishment, without expressing 
 their high sense of the zeal, ability, judgment, and 
 kindness, with which, from the commencement of the 
 Asylum, he has uniformly fulfilled his duties of that 
 appointment, and that having communicated these senti- 
 ments in their la^t Report, (the Fiftieth) to the Court of 
 Quarter Sessions, a copy of that Report be transmitted by 
 the Clerk to the Rev. Dr. Stoddart," 
 
 " Charles Wright, Clerk. 
 " Sessions House, Clerkenwell, 
 " 30th July, 1839." 
 
 Upon the resignation of the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the 
 Rev. G. Harrison, M.A. was presented by the Rev. Dr. 
 Walmsley, Rector of Hanwell, the Patron, and was 
 appointed without personal application, or even knowledge, 
 except what he had learned from the Bishop of London, 
 
72 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 in whose diocese the Rev. Mr. Harrison had officiated nine 
 years, and was by his lordship recommended to fill this 
 important appointment. 
 
 CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS, 
 
 From 1529 to 1818, copied from the front of the Galleries 
 of the Church. 
 
 1529. Henry Redman, and Joan his wife, bequeathed 
 to the parishioners of Brentford, a rent charge 
 of Six Pounds annually for ever, issuing out of 
 premises in this township. 
 
 1624. John Middleton, of Northaw, in Herts., Esq., gave 
 by will, Five Pounds issuing out of certain 
 premises near Battle Bridge, in St. Olive's 
 parish, Southwark, to be distributed among the 
 poor of this township annually. 
 
 1659. Dame Mary Spencer, of Boston House, devised a 
 yearly rent charge of Six Pounds on the Butts' 
 Closes, for apprenticing one poor boy of this 
 township annually. 
 
 1668. Richard Andrews, Citizen of London, gave Twenty 
 Pounds towards a stock for the poor of this 
 township. 
 
 1673. Ann Hubbold, widow, gave Ten Pounds to 
 increase the above stock. 
 
 In the year 1694, these sums, amounting to 
 Thirty Pounds, were applied towards building 
 a new gallery in the Church, reserving Thirty- 
 six shillings to be paid to the poor of this town- 
 ship annually, out of the rents of the pews. 
 
 1692. The Right Hon. John, Lord Ossulston, gave for 
 apprenticing one poor child of this township 
 yearly, the interest of One Hundred Pounds, 
 This amounted, A.D. 1820, with accumulations, 
 to One Hundred and Ninety Pounds in the Three 
 per Cents. 
 
 1721. Dorothy, Lady Capel, Baroness of Tewkesbury, 
 who died in 1721, gave the twelfth part of the 
 rent of her farm and lands called Parry, alias 
 
CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. io 
 
 Perry Court, with closes and lands thereto 
 "belonging, situate in Preston, Faversham, 
 Ospring, and Luddenham, in the county of 
 Kent, to the trustees of the charity schools in 
 this township. 
 
 1741. James Townshend, of Brentford Butts, Esq. to be 
 distributed to the poor of this township, the 
 interest of one hundred pounds. 
 
 1766. Mary Williams, of Shrewsbury, widow, to be 
 distributed to the poor of this township, the 
 interest of Five Pounds. 
 
 These sums purchased One Hundred Pounds 
 New South Sea Annuities. The interest is 
 distributed to the poor of this township annually. 
 
 1793. James Parker, Esq. gave by will, Five Hundred 
 Pounds, Three per Cent. Consolidated Bank 
 Annuities, the interest thereof to be applied 
 towards the clothing, maintenance, and education 
 of the charity children of this township. 
 
 1796. James Clitherow, of Boston House, Esq. gave a 
 messuage and cottages to be used by the poor of 
 this township, as a workhouse for ever. 
 
 1814. John Bennett, the interest of One Hundred 
 Pounds, Three per Cent. Consols, annually, to 
 poor persons of this township, not receiving- 
 parochial relief. 
 
 1817. Josiah Holford, Esq. gave One Hundred Pounds, 
 
 Four per Cent, consolidated Bank Annuities 
 upon trust, the interest thereof to be applied for 
 the benefit of the charity schools in this town- 
 ship. 
 
 1818. Eliza Pitt, widow, gave by will, Two Hundred 
 
 Pounds, Three per cent. Consolidated Bank 
 Annuities, the interest thereof to be applied for 
 the benefit of the charity school in this township. 
 Also, Three Hundred Pounds Three per cent.; 
 the interest to be distributed annually in coals, 
 to fifty poor persons residing in New Brentford 
 and the half acre 
 
74 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Legacies and Benefactions to the Charity Schools. 
 
 1719. Mrs. Tash 
 
 1735. Mrs. Justoils 
 
 1809. Mr. Carter, who was brought up in 
 
 the School 
 1722. Mr. Fox 
 1747. Mrs. Moore 
 1724. Mrs. E. Holford 
 1768. Mr. Whitehead 
 1729. Sir Charles Eyres 
 1809. Brentford Volunteers 
 
 These sums, with other small donations, from the year 
 1715, have been invested in the Three per Cent. Consols ; 
 the amount of Stock at this time, 1820, is Nine Hundred 
 Pounds. 
 
 The chandelier in the church is thus incribed : — " The 
 gift of the Maidens and Batchelors of New Brentford, 
 1704." 
 
 £105 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 1843. — The Committee appointed by the Parishioners 
 on the 27th June, to enquire into the state of the parish 
 Charities, beg to report that they have examined the books 
 and papers relative to the same, and find them in the state 
 under-mentioned : — 
 
 No. 1. — Henry Redman's charity. Six trustees are 
 living, to be renewed when not less than two, by the 
 survivors. £6. yearly. 
 
 Trustees. — John Drinkwater, Christopher Glover, John 
 Winkworth, David Newman, Henry Sexton, Wm. Cooke. 
 
 No. 2. — John Middleton's Will. £5. yearly, are 
 received from a house now the sign of the Plymouth 
 Aims, Mill Lane, Tooley Street, Southwark, by the 
 churchwardens for the time being. 
 
 No. 3. — Lady Spenser's Gift of £6., being a rent- 
 charge on the Butts' Closes, paid to the Churchwardens 
 annually, by Mr. Crighton. 
 
 No. 4. — Andrew's and Rubbold's charity of £1. 16s. 
 paid by the Minister to the churchwardens annually, from 
 the proceeds of the Pew Rents of the north Gallery. 
 
CHARITY SCHOOLS. 75 
 
 No. 5. — Ossulston's Charity for apprenticing poor 
 children ; £200. consols, produce £6. per annum. Five 
 trustees were appointed, four are now living who have 
 the power of filling up the vacancies. Trustees — John 
 Winkworth, Abraham Best, G. F. Searle, W. Tomson. 
 
 No. 6. — £ 100. New South Sea Annuities, bought with 
 Mr. Townsend's and Mrs. Williams's Legacy. Mr. Glover 
 is the only surviving trustee. The Minister and Church- 
 wardens are empowered to fill up the vacancies in the 
 trustees. 
 
 No. 7. — John Bennett left £100. 3 per cents, reduced, 
 to the Minister and Churchwardens in trust. Mr. Welch 
 is the only surviving trustee. The Minister and Church- 
 wardens are empowered to appoint. 
 
 No. 8.— Elizabeth Pitt left £300. 3 per cents, to the 
 Minister and churchwardens in trust. Mr. Waters and 
 Mr. Harriman, now living at Greenwich, being the sur- 
 viving trustees. 
 
 Signed, Geo. Harrison, Minister. 
 
 John Snapp, ] 
 
 t i, -n r Churchwardens. 
 
 John Dexter,] 
 
 P. Glover, David Waters, W. Welch. 
 
 The various sums left for school pur-poses are vested in 
 
 Trustees and funded; the interest of which amount to 
 
 £51. 5s. 
 
 PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS AND CHARITABLE 
 INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 The Infant School. — This school, for the instruction 
 of boys and girls, was established by subscription in 1703, 
 and a piece of ground, the intended site of a school-house, 
 was conveyed from Richard Overs to trustees, by lease and 
 release, dated the 28th and 29th May, 1718, in considera- 
 tion of £21., upon which a school-house was built at the 
 expense of £ 110, which was raised by subscription. Lady 
 Capel, by her will, dated 1719, endowed it with the 12th 
 part of an estate at Faversham, in Kent, now amounting 
 
76 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 to about £30. per annum, which, by the tenor of her will, 
 must be received by a person regularly appointed for that 
 purpose, on the 12th of May, in Kew Chapel. 
 
 Two larger rooms and dwellings having been built 
 for the boys and girls respectively, this is now used as an 
 infant school for the children of both sexes. 
 
 Trustees.— Rev. J. Stodclart, D. D. ; G. F. S. Searle ; 
 Joseph Hill ; Samuel Smallwood ; Robert T. Fletcher ; 
 H. J. Robinson. 
 
 The Boys' School in the Ham, conducted on the 
 national system. In the year 1818, Col. James Clitherow, 
 a liberal benefactor to this charity, granted a piece of 
 ground, which was conveyed by him to trustees " for 
 educating poor boys of the township of New Brentford, 
 parish of Ealing, and the parish, and parishes near or 
 adjoining thereto," and on which a new school room, capable 
 of containing two hundred boys, has been erected, at an 
 expense of £1,028, raised by subscription. 
 
 An additional piece of ground was conveyed by Colonel 
 Clitherow to trustees, (being the same persons as before 
 named, for the infant school) on which a house of residence 
 for the master was built in 1843, at the cost of £247. 14s., 
 towards which Miss Clitherow contributed £100. The 
 sum of £84. 10s. 6d. was raised by subscription, and 
 £63. Ss. 6d. from the general funds of the schools. 
 
 The total of receipts for the year 1844, were £248. 9s. lOd. 
 The disbursements, £269. 4s. lid., leaving a balance, of 
 £20. 15s. Id., which was subsequently paid by Mrs. and 
 Miss Clitherow. Mrs. Clitherow is the treasurer for the 
 schools, and the Rev. G. Harrison, secretary- The trustees 
 are, John Clarke, John Drinkwater, Rev. John Morris, D.D. 
 William Cooke, Christopher P. Glover. 
 
 The Girls' School in the Half Acre. — Among the 
 chief improvements which have taken place in New 
 Brentford, has been the erection of a new and capacious 
 School Room, situate in the Half Acre, for the Girls of 
 New Brentford, together with a house for the residence of 
 
IBIEMlHriP 
 
 M&m,'KBT H(Q)W^Ii« 
 
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 77 
 
 the Mistress ; a building well adapted to the purpose for 
 which it was intended, and very ornamental to that part 
 of the parish. It was designed by Henry Moseley, Esq. 
 Architect, and is in the gothic style adopted in the age 
 of the Tudors. 
 
 To the late Col. Clitherow the parish is much indebted 
 for this most important addition to the means of educating 
 the lower classes. Towards the erection of this building, 
 the Committee were enabled to obtain from the National 
 Society and the Treasury, the sum of £190. and they 
 received from G. Cooper, Esq. a very liberal donation to 
 the parish of a considerable portion of the site which was 
 required for its erection. In addition to these grants, a 
 balance of about £480. remaining from a bequest to the 
 parish, by the late James Clitherow, Esq. for the purpose 
 of building a workhouse, was, by the consent of the 
 parishioners, appropriated towards the erection of this 
 new School, after their proportion of the new Union Work- 
 house had been discharged. The remaining part of the 
 cost of this building, and the expense of the conveyance 
 of the property to certain trustees were entirely defrayed 
 by the late Col. Clitherow, who on this, and as on many 
 other occasions, fully entitled himself to the gratitude and 
 esteem of the inhabitants of New Brentford. 
 
 The following are the number of children attending the 
 respective schools ; — 
 
 New ] 
 
 Jrentford. < 
 
 31d Brentford 
 
 . Brentford End. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Boys, 
 
 48 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 96 
 
 Girls, 
 
 40 
 
 14 
 
 8 
 
 62 
 
 Infants 
 
 62 
 
 29 
 
 8 
 
 99 
 
 150 62 45 257 
 
 Boys clothed, 12. Girls clothed 12. 
 
 The Trustees for the Girls' school, are the same as those 
 for the Infants' school. 
 
78 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 NEW BRENTFORD DISTRICT VISITING 
 SOCIETY, 
 
 For the relief of the Sick and Lying-in Poor, and for pro- 
 moting their general welfare and improvement. 
 
 President, — The Rev. George Habrison, M.A 
 
 Treasurer, — Mr. George Fulham Searle. 
 
 Secretary, — Mr. H. J. Radcliffe, 
 
 And Ten lady Visitors. 
 
 This charity was established in the year 1838. At a 
 general meeting of the subscribers and friends, held at the 
 girls' school-room at the Butts, Colonel Clitherow in the 
 chair, the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the Vicar, having stated 
 the necessity for such a Society in this populous parish, 
 and the success which had already attended his applica- 
 tion for subscriptions and donations, proposed certain 
 rules and regulations, which were adopted. 
 Midsummer Report, — 1844. 
 
 Receipts £34 8 9 | Disbursements £33 8 11 
 
 In the Savings Bank, £86 1 3 
 
 BRENTFORD DISPENSARY, 
 
 For the relief of the sick and diseased Poor, of Brentford 
 and the neighbourhood. This benevolent institution was 
 first founded in the year 1818. 
 
 Officers. — Henry Pownall, Esq. President; George 
 Oliver, Esq. Treasurer ; Rev. G. Harrison, Secretary. 
 
 Lady-day Report, 1844. 
 
 General Statement of the Number of Patients admitted, Sfc. 
 
 since the origin of the Institution, March 25, 1818. 
 
 Number of Patients cured and relieved 9,396 \ 
 
 Ditto under cure March 25th, 1844 87.1 9,901 
 
 Ditto who have died 468 j 
 
 Midwifery Tickets (value 5s. each) distributed to poor married Women 2,352 
 
 Total number of persons who have received assistance since the insti- 
 tution of this excellent charity 12,253 
 
 Of the above number Four Thousand Five Hundred and Seventy have been 
 attended at their own houses. 
 
 Dr. £157. ll.s. U. Or. £133. 12s. Id. 
 
CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 79 
 
 SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN 
 KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 Patron,— HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 President,— The Rev. T. T. WALMSLEY, D.D. Rector of Hanwell. 
 
 Treasurer,— Rev. G. HARRISON, M.A. 
 
 Secretary.— Rev. F. E. THOMPSON, B.A. 
 
 It was deemed advisable at the commencement of the 
 year 1842, to establish one for this populous neighbour- 
 hood, and the sanction of the Diocesan, the Lord Bishop 
 of London, having been obtained, a Committee was formed 
 for Brentford and its vicinity. It immediately received 
 the countenance of many of the nobility, clergy, and prin- 
 cipal gentry residing within the district, and its proceedings 
 were commenced according to rules and regulations in 
 strict conformity with those of the Parent Society. 
 
 Report for 1844. 
 Receipts £97. 16*. %d. | Payments £99. 15s. 2d. 
 
 Twenty pounds of which is a benefaction to the Parent 
 Society. 
 
 The Schools and the poor are supplied at a reduction of 
 one-third of the members' prices. 
 
 Books, &c. sold during the year 1844 : — 
 
 Common Prayers 
 Bibles Testaments. and Psalters. Books, Tracts, &c. Total. 
 
 193 166 260 3488 4107 
 
 Books &c. sold since the establishment of the committee 
 in 1822 ;— 
 
 Common Prayers 
 Bibles. Testaments. and Psalters. Books, Tracts, &c. Total. 
 
 2787 1593 5781 60148 70209 
 
 The Depository for Books is at the shop of Messrs. 
 P. and M. A. Norburv, New Brentford. 
 
80 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 BRENTFORD AND EALING SAVINGS' BANK. 
 
 This institution was established in the year 1818, for 
 the benefit of the industrious and provident of Brentford, 
 Ealing, Acton, Hanwell, Heston, and the neighbourhood. 
 
 Patron, — His Grace the Duke of Northumberland. 
 
 President. — Henry Pownall, Esq. 
 
 Vice-Presidents. — Rev. W. Antrobus, G. Baillie, Esq., 
 Rev. Dr. Benson, Sir F. Booth, Bart., T. Farmer, Esq., 
 Rev. G. Harrison, M.A., J. Hazard, Esq., G. Oliver, Esq., 
 Rev. H. Trimmer, G. Wood Esq. 
 
 Treasurer. — Mr. Williams. 
 
 Trustees. — T. Farmer, Esq., Mr. Gibson, Rev. G. Har- 
 rison, M.A., J. Hazard, Esq., G. Oliver, Esq. H. Pownall, 
 Esq., Mr. J. Sexton, G. Wood, Esq. 
 
 Secretary. — J. Hill. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To Principal due to \ 
 1398 Depositors I 
 on the 20th of t 
 November, 1844 ) 
 
 To Twelve Months' 1 
 Interest on ditto j 
 
 To Cash on separate 
 Surplus Fund Ac- 
 count, accrued 
 
 within the year 
 
 ,654 16 7 
 
 1,160 
 
 9 18 3 
 
 £39,825 
 
 Cr. £. s- d. 
 
 By Cash in the hands \ 
 
 of Government, at! „„„,, ., n 
 
 Interest on the20thf ' iJ >' 04 10 u 
 
 of November, 1844 j 
 By Cash in Trea-1 
 
 surer's Hands . . . . j 
 
 '0 7 4 
 
 £39,825 2 4 
 
 Progress of this Bank during the past Year, ending November 20th, 1844: — 
 
 £. s. d. 
 
 To Sums received of Depositors within tbe Year 9,189 7 8 
 
 By Sums paid to Depositors, including Interest, within the Year 7,468 7 6 
 
 Increased Sum deposited this Year £1,721 2 
 
 1398 Accounts open November 20th, 1844. 
 1367 Ditto Ditto, 1843. 
 
 31 additional Accounts opened within tbe Year. 
 
SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 81 
 
 SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS FROM 
 THE PARISH BOOKS. 
 
 1620. It appears that the Poor's Rates of this period 
 were chiefly raised by profits accruing from the celebration 
 of public sports and diversions, at stated times of the year, 
 particularly at Whitsuntide. 
 
 The chapelwardens account books contain several 
 curious entries upon this subject, of which the following 
 are copies : 
 
 Payments made for the Parish Games. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 1620. Paid for Gboules 8 
 
 For 6 tynn tokens 6 
 
 For a pair of pigeon holes 1 6 
 
 1621. At a Vestry held in 1621, several articles were 
 agreed upon with regard to the management of the Parish 
 Stock, by the chapelwardens. 
 
 The preamble states, " that the inhabitants had for 
 many years been accustomed to have meetings at Whit- 
 sontide, in their church-house, and other places there, in 
 friendly manner, to eat and drink together, and liberally 
 spend their monies, to the end neighbourly society might 
 be maintained ; and, also a common stock raised for the 
 repairs of the church, maintaining of orphans, placing poor 
 children in service, and defraying other charges," which 
 stock not having been properly applied, it was ordered, 
 that a particular account should be given from year to 
 year, of their gains at those times, and the manner of the 
 expenditure. It may be observed, that these games are 
 of later date, and cliffer materially from those noticed at 
 Kingston-upon-Thames.* 
 
 £. s. d. 
 1621. Paid Goodwife Ansell for pigeon holes 16 
 
 Paid for the games 1 1 
 
 1625. Paid for drumbe, sticks, and case .... 16 
 For two heads of the drumbe 2 8 
 
 Lysons's Environs, vol. Hi. p. 170. 
 G 
 
82 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 £. 
 1630. Received of Robert Bickleye for the 
 
 use of our games 
 
 Of the said Robert Bickleye for a silver 
 
 bar which was lost at Elyng 
 
 1684. Paid for the silver games 
 
 1643. Paid to Thomas Powell for pigeon holes 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 Gained by hocking, at Whitsontide £16. 12s. 3d. 
 
 1618, July 12, the hocking occurs almost every year 
 till 1640, when it appears to have been dropt. It was 
 collected at Whitsuntide. 
 
 The other games were continued two years later. Rifiling 
 is synonymous with raffling. 
 
 The popular holiday, of Hock-Day, mentioned by 
 Matthew Paris and other ancient writers, was usually kept 
 on Tuesday following the second Sunday after Easter-day, 
 and was distinguished by various sportive pastimes, in 
 which the towns people, divided into parties, were accus- 
 tomed to draw each other with ropes. Spelman says, 
 " they consisted in the men and women binding each 
 other, and especially the women, and hence it was called 
 binding Tuesday." It was customary for the men to hock 
 the women on the Monday, and the women the men on 
 Tuesday ; that is, on that day the women in merriment 
 stop the ways with ropes, and pull the passengers to 
 them, desiring something to be laid out in pious uses in 
 order to obtain their freedom. Such are the general 
 outlines of this singular custom, which some think was 
 held in remembrance of the massacre of the Danes, or of 
 the death of Hardicanute, which happened on Tuesday, 
 the 8th of June, 1041, by which event the English were 
 delivered from their intolerant government; and this 
 opinion seems very probable. The state of slavery in 
 which the wretched Saxons were held by their imperious 
 lords was awful, and the donations for " pious uses," may be 
 considered as'a tacit acknowledgment of gratitude to heaven 
 for freeing the nation from bondage. Hock-day was 
 
SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 83 
 
 generally observed as lately as the sixteenth century. 
 Spelman informs us, that it was not totally discontinued 
 in his time.* 
 
 £. s. d. 
 1621, August 12th, Paid to her that was Lady 
 
 at Whitsontide, by consent 5 
 
 Paid for a beast for the parish use .... 2 6 8 
 
 The Whitsuntide holidays were celebrated by various 
 pastimes commonly practised upon other festivals ; but on 
 the Monday after Whitsun week at Brentford, a fat ox 
 was provided, and the maidens of the town, having their 
 thumbs tied behind them, were permitted to run after it ; 
 and she, who with her mouth took hold of the ox, was 
 declared Lady of the Ox, which being killed and cleaned, 
 but with the skin hanging upon it, was carried on a long 
 pole before the lady and her companions, to the Butts 
 Common, attended with music and a morrice dance of 
 men, and another of women. The rest of the day was 
 spent in mirth and merry glee. Next day the beast, partly 
 baked, and partly boiled, was served up for the lady's 
 feast, where she sat majestically at the upper end of the 
 table, and her companions with her. 
 
 It appears by the above extract, that the part of the 
 lady was performed by a woman, who was paid for her 
 trouble. 
 
 The morrice dance was frequently joined to processions 
 and pageants, and especially to those appropriated for the 
 celebration of the May games. On these occasions, the 
 Hobby-horse, or a Dragon, with Robin Hood, the Maid 
 Marian, with other characters, supposed to have been the 
 companions of that famous outlaw, made a part of the 
 dance. In latter times the morrice dance was frequently 
 introduced on the stage. A modern writer speaks of a set of 
 morrice dancers who went about the country, consisting of 
 about ten men who danced, besides the Maid Marian, and 
 one who played upon the pipe and tabor.f 
 
 Archseologia, vol. vii. p. 224. Spelman's Glos. voc. Hock-clay. 
 + Dr. Johnson's Diet, word, Morrice Dance. 
 
84 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 1623, July 4th, Received for the May Pole, £1. 4s. 
 
 The celebration of the May Games took place on the 
 first of May, the juvenile part of both sexes were accus- 
 tomed to walk to some neighbouring wood, accompanied 
 with music, where they broke down branches from the 
 trees, and adorned them with nosegays and crowns of 
 flowers, and returned with their booty homewards, and 
 made their doors and windows triumph with their spoils, 
 and the after part of the day was spent in dancing round 
 a tall pole, called a May Pole, which being placed in a 
 convenient part of the village, stood there as it were, con- 
 secrated to the Goddess of Flowers. In the celebration 
 of May Games, the youth divide themselves into two 
 troops, the one in livery, the other in the habit of the 
 spring. No doubt the May Games have been long standing, 
 though the time of their institution cannot be traced. 
 Mention is made of the May Pole at Cornhill, in a Poem 
 called, the " Chaunce of the Dice," attributed to Chaucer. 
 
 In the time of Stow, who died in 1605, they were not 
 conducted with so great splendour as they had been for- 
 merly, owing to a dangerous riot which took place upon 
 May Day, 1517, in the ninth year of Henry the Eighth, 
 upon which occasion several foreigners were slain, and 
 two of the ringleaders were killed.* 
 
 The chimney sweepers of London have also singled out 
 the first of May for their festival, at which time they 
 parade the streets in companies, disguised in various 
 manners. 
 
 1624. " In the accompts for Whitsontide ale, 
 gains are thus discriminated. £. 
 
 Imprimis, cleared by pigeon holes .... 4 
 
 Hocking 7 
 
 By riffiling 2 
 
 By victualling 8 
 
 
 ," the 
 
 s. 
 
 cl 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 £22 2 6 
 
 See Brand's Pop. Antiq. chap. 25, 
 
SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 85 
 
 1625. Paid for a coffin to draw the infected corpses, 8d. 
 
 A dreadful plague broke out in the metropolis, and 
 carried off, in the course of the twelvemonth, upwards of 
 35,000 persons. Brentford and Ealing appear to have 
 shared deeply in this calamity, and great numbers died in 
 consequence, and were buried in the fields, still known 
 by the name of " Dead Man's Graves." 
 
 SCHOLARS BEGGING. 
 
 1638. Given to a Knight's son in Devonshire, being out 
 of means, 6d. 
 
 To protect persons driven to seek alms, Justices of the 
 peace, were empowered to grant lieenses to beg, within a 
 certain precinct ; but in another statute, the first denounced 
 as vagabonds are, " all persons calling themselves scholars, 
 going about begging," and they were subject to have their 
 right ears burned through with a hot iron, their breast 
 branded, and to be assigned as a slave, which in certain 
 aggravated cases of vagabondism, was awarded to the 
 wretched mendicant.* 
 
 1634. Paid for a Book of Sporting allowed on Sundays, 6d. 
 
 In 1617, King James published his famous Book of 
 Sports, by which the populace were tolerated to exercise 
 certain recreations and pastimes on the Lord's day, and 
 all parochial incumbents were enjoined to read the same 
 in their respective Churches on pain of the king's dis- 
 pleasure ; — 
 
 " Now out of a like pious case for the service of God, 
 and for the suppression of any humours that oppose truth, 
 and for the ease, comfort, and recreation of our well 
 deserving people, we do ratify and publish this our 
 father's declaration ; and we further will, that publication 
 of this our command be made, by order from the bishops 
 through all our parish Churches of their several dioceses 
 respectively. 
 
 * 22 Hen. VII. c. 12. 1 Edw. VI. e. 8. U Eliz. e. 5. 39 Eliz. c. 4. 
 
86 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 " Given at our Palace of Westminster, the 18th day of 
 October, in the ninth year of our reign." 
 
 1634, August 13. Paid Robert Warden, the constable, 
 which he disbursed for conveying away the witches, 65. 
 
 It appears that the witches of Brentford were very 
 notorious at the beginning of the seventeenth century; 
 frequent allusions are made to them by Shakspeare and 
 others : 
 
 Mrs. Ford. — My maid's aimt, the fat women of Brentford, has a gown above. 
 
 Mrs. .Ford. — I would my husband would meet him in this shape: he cannot 
 abide the old woman at Brentford, he swears she's a witch, forbade her my 
 house, and has threatened to beat her. 
 
 Mrs. Ford. — But is my husband coming. 
 
 Mrs. Page. — Nay, but he'll be here presently, let's go dress him like the 
 witch of Brentford. 
 
 Falstaff. — What tell'st thou me of black and blue, I was beaten myself into 
 all the colours of the rain bow, and I was likely to be apprehended for the 
 witch of Brentford; but, that my admirable dexterity of wit, counterfitting the 
 action of a mad woman, delivered me, the knave constable has set me in the 
 stocks for a witch.* 
 
 The belief in witchcraft at this period was very general, 
 and the numerous trials and condemnation of those unfor- 
 tunate persons suspected of this crime, are shocking to 
 humanity, revolting to our" christian feelings, and reflect 
 indelible disgrace upon the judges who condemned them. 
 
 Fully impower'd to treat about 
 Finding revolted witches out, 
 And has not he within a year 
 Hang'd three score of e'm in one shire. 
 
 Htidlbras, b. ii. c. iii. b. 141. 
 
 To deny the possibility, nay, actual existence of witch- 
 craft and sorcery, is at once flatly to contradict the revealed 
 word of God, in various passages both of the Old and 
 New Testament ; and the thing itself is a truth, of which 
 every nation in the world hath in its turn borne testimony, 
 cither by examples seemingly well attested or by prohi- 
 bitary laws ; which at least suppose the possibility of a 
 commerce with evil spirits. The civil law punishes with 
 
 * Merry Wives of Windsor, Art IV. Scene II. and IV, 
 
SINGULAR AND CURIOUS EXTRACTS. 87 
 
 death not only the sorcerers themselves, bnt also those 
 who consult them; imitating in the former the express 
 law of God, that " thou shalt not suffer a witch to live," 
 Exod. xxii. 18. And our own laws, both before and 
 since the Conquest, have been equally penal, ranking this 
 crime in the same class with heresy, and condemning both 
 to the flames.* The ridiculous stories that are told, and 
 the many impostures and delusions that have been dis- 
 covered in all ages, are enough to demolish all faith in 
 such dubious crimes, if the contrary evidence were not 
 also extremely strong. 
 
 Wherefore it seems to be the most eligible way to con- 
 clude in the words of Mr Addison, " that in general there 
 has been such a thing as witchcraft, though we cannot 
 give credit to any particular modern instance of it."f 
 
 When an old woman begins to dote and grow charge- 
 able to the parish, she is generally turned into a witch, 
 and fills the whole country with extravagant fancies, imagi- 
 nary distempers, and terrifying dreams. 
 
 In the mean time, the poor wretch that is the innocent 
 occasion of so many evils, begins to be frightened at herself, 
 and sometimes confesses secret commerces and familiarities, 
 that her imagination forms in a delirious old age. 
 
 This frequently cuts off charity from the greatest objects 
 of compassion, and inspires people with a malevolence 
 towards those decrepid parts of our species, in whom 
 human nature is defaced by deformity and dotage. J 
 
 1653. Among other articles in the hands of the chapel- 
 wardens in 1653, was one little collar, a bell, one little 
 bowl, and a pin of silver. 
 
 1682. Parish armour — One chest of armour, parish 
 " shedoule,"§ 1682. It appears that every parish was obliged 
 to keep a certain portion of armour according to its size, 
 which was exhibited once a year before the Justices. In 
 
 * Blackstone, vol. iv. p. 60. + Spectator, vol. ii. No. 117. 
 
 + Hutchinson on Witchcraft, p. 81. § See p. 69. 
 
88 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 villages the armour was kept in the church, and was 
 called the Church armour, or harness, as in the following, 
 and other entries in the churchwardens' accounts at 
 Lambeth. 
 
 1568. For skouring the Church harness and carriage, 
 and a man to wear it before the Justices, 3s. Sd* 
 
 1688. Paid for a declaration of liberty of conscience, Is. 
 Paid for a form of prayer for the Dutch first 
 
 landingf .... .... .... Is. 
 
 Paid for a thanksgiving for deliverance from 
 
 poperyj .... .... .... Is. 
 
 1695, Feb. 12. Alice and Elizabeth Pickering, 
 wandering children, were whipped publicly according to 
 law, and sent with a pass to Shrewsbury, the place where 
 they were born. 
 
 1699, Dec. 2. Ann Roberts, a vagrant, about 40 years 
 of age, was whipped publicly according to law, in order 
 to be passed from town to town till she comes to Gheton, 
 which was the place of her last abode. 
 
 * Allen's Hist, of Lambeth. 
 
 + So well concerted were the prince's measures, that in three days about 
 400 transports were hired , the army quickly fell down the rivers and canals 
 from Nimeguen ; the artillery, arms, stores, and horses, were embarked, and 
 the Prince set sail, October 21st, from Helvoet Sluice, with a fleet of five 
 hundred vessels, and an army of about 14,000 men. The Prince had a 
 prosperous voyage and landed his army safely in Torbay, on the 5th of 
 November, 1G88. — Hume. 
 
 I Lysons's Environs, vol. iii. p. 170. 
 
THE MARKET AND FAIRS. 89 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Market and Fairs — Charter of King Edward the First granted at the instance 
 of Margaret, Queen of England to the Prioress and Nuns of St. Helen's, 
 London, in their Manor of Brentford — History and Descent of the Propem 
 of the Market and Fairs — Manor of Boston — the Clitherow Family — 
 Biographical Account of the late Colonel Clitherow — the Butts — Ancient 
 and Modern state, formerly a place for Archery — The spot used for the 
 Election of the Members of Parliament — Eiots and Disturbances — Brent- 
 ford Bridge — Ancient and Modern state — Boyal Grants. 
 
 The Market and Fairs. — It has already been 
 remarked, that Brentford was a place of importance at an 
 early period, arising from its situation on the banks of our 
 great river. But it appears that its proprietress, the 
 prioress, and the nuns of St. Helen's, enjoyed but a small 
 portion of the land, in comparison with her rich neighbour 
 of Sion. As a compensation, however, she obtained in 
 the thirty-fifth of Edward the First, the following charter. 
 
 These important national documents may enable future 
 historians to correct errors, and supply defects, and to 
 clear up many obscurities in the History of England. In 
 their important features the Charter Rolls differ very little 
 from the enrolments of the King's Letters Patent. They 
 consist of grants of privileges to cities, towns, corporations, 
 and private trading companies, or guilds; grants of 
 manors, lands, markets, fairs, free-warrens, fisheries, and 
 other manorial rights to individuals, concessions of pri- 
 vileges to religious houses ; in a few early instances copies 
 of treaties with foreign princes, and, after the eleventh 
 year of Edward the Second, of creation* of nobility. 
 
90 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 ROYAL CHARTER, 1807. 
 
 Prrr fyviavf&K Santtce ) Rex Archiepiscopis, 
 (BXcvtit Qonlian, ) &c. Saltjtem. Sciatis 
 Nos ad instantiam Margarets Reginse Anglise 
 consortis nostra? carissimse concecisse et hac 
 carta nostra confirmasse dilectis nobis in Christo 
 Priorissse et Monialibus Sanctae Elena? London 
 quod ipsa et earum successores habeant unum 
 mercatum singulis septimanis per diem Martis 
 apud manerium suum de Brainford in comitatu 
 Middlesex et unam feriam ibidem singulis annis 
 per sex dies duraturum, videlicet in vigilia et in 
 die Sancti Lawrentii et per quatuor dies proximo 
 sequentes. Nisi mercatum illud et feria ilia 
 sint ad nocumentum vicinorum mercatorum et 
 vicinarum feriarum. Quare volumus&c. Nisi&c. 
 Hiis testibus venerabilibus patribus, W. 
 Archiepiscop Ebor. Anglise, Primati; W. 
 Covent' et Lichfeld; J. Cicest; R. London; 
 et J. Karliol, Episcopis; Henrico de Lacey 
 Comite Lincoln; Thoma Comite Lancastr; 
 Hugone Le Despenser ; Roberto de Cliffor'; 
 Rogero de MortuiMari; Johanne de Hastang'; 
 et aliis. Data per manum nostram apud 
 Laurecourt xxiii. die Decembris.* 
 
 * Rot. Chart. 35. Edw. 1. No. 49. 
 
ROYAL CHARTER. 
 
 91 
 
 dfav tfre t3ttrrr*& \ The King to the 
 at Saint &t\m% %attvan t j Archbishops, &c. 
 greeting : " Know ye that at the instance of 
 Margaret, Queen of England, our dearly beloved 
 Consort, we have granted, and by this Charter 
 have confirmed unto our dear ly beloved in Christ, 
 the Prioress and Sisters of Saint Helen's, Lon- 
 don, that they and their Successors may hold a 
 market once a week, on the Tuesday, in her 
 Manor of Braynford,in the County of Middlesex, 
 and a fair in the same place, to be holden during 
 six days in every year : To wit, on the eve, and 
 also on the day of Saint Lawrence, and for four 
 days next ensuing, unless the said market shall 
 be to the injury of the neighbouring markets 
 and fairs, wherefore it is our pleasure, &c. 
 
 Witnesses, The Bight Reverend Fathers, 
 William, Archbishop of York, Primate of 
 England; William Bishop of Coventry and 
 Litchfield ; John, Bishop of Chichester ; Ralph, 
 Bishop of London ; and John, Bishop of Carlisle ; 
 Henry De Lacey,Earl of Lincoln; Thomas, Earl 
 of Lancaster ; Robert De Clifford ; Roger De 
 Mortuo Mari ; John De Hastang, and others. 
 
 Given under our hand, at Laurecourt, the 
 twenty-third day of December, Anno Domini 
 MCCCVIL* 
 
 * The principal distinction between a charter and a patent is, 
 that the former was witnessed by such persons as were present 
 when it was executed, whose testimony to its execution was 
 necessary for its validity ; and that the latter was executed by 
 the King himself. There is also a slight variation in the address. 
 A Charter usually commenced in these words, " The King to all 
 his Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Jus- 
 tices, Sheriffs, Reeves, Ministers, and all his faithful subjects 
 greeting ;" but a Patent commences thus : " The King to all 
 whom these presents shall come, greeting." — See Description of 
 Public Records, p. 40. Loud. 1831. 
 
92 
 
 HISTOUV OF BllEXTFORT). 
 
 After the dissolution of the priory, the right of this 
 market and fair appears to have been lost sight of by the 
 crown; as the Hawleys who had probably held it as 
 tenants under the prioress, continued to hold it until the 
 year 1610, thereby usurping the right of the crown, and 
 withholding the ancient rent of twenty shillings a year 
 which had been paid into the Exchequer by the prioress. 
 King James, by his Letters Patent, dated the 18th of 
 September, in the eighth year of his reign, abolished both 
 the market and fair, and commanded the sheriff to make 
 public proclamation thereof; but, in consideration of their 
 great convenience to the inhabitants of that district, the 
 king was induced at the same time to pardon the usur- 
 pation, and grant a regular licence to James Hawley, Esq. ; 
 to hold a like market and fair on the same days above- 
 mentioned, reserving the whole rent of twenty shillings. 
 The spot on which it was held in the grant is described 
 as lying on the north "side of the highway, leading from 
 Hounslow, through Brentford to London, between the 
 Inn called the Three Pigeons, (sometimes called the Three 
 Doves,) and a messuage belonging to William Payne, of 
 Sutton Court, Esq. In 1619, Valentine Saunders pur- 
 chased for the sum of £3,350.* this licence, as well as the 
 land, and certain other houses and land thereunto adjoin- 
 ing, and by his deed, dated the 9th of June, 1635,f he 
 surrendered his license to King Charles the First, who 
 was, therefore, graciously pleased to grant him a fresh 
 patent, dated the 18th of June, in the eleventh year of 
 his reign, empowering him to hold the weekly market as 
 before, and two fairs on the 1st of September, J and the 
 other one on the 6th of May, each to continue for six 
 days, exclusive of Sundays and Tuesdays, at the former 
 rent of twenty shillings. James Hawley, Esq. who had 
 
 * Claus. 17. Jac. p. 14 and 37. 
 
 + Rot. Reg. Car. p. 6 and 20. Pat. II. Car. p. 8 and 9. 
 
 I Eustachius, Abbot of Flay in Normandy, was one of the first ecclesiastics 
 who preached against Sunday markets ; and pretended to have received a letter 
 from heaven, written by the hand of God, in which he threatened to rain sticks 
 and stones, and boiling water, on all who frequented them. — Henry's Great. 
 Brit. v. p. 434. 
 

 MARKETS AND FAIRS. 93 
 
 repurchased of Saunders all his interest, obtained a licence 
 from King Charles the Second to take down certain cot- 
 tages to enlarge the market place, and to add two acres 
 and a half of land lately purchased by him, on the south 
 side of the road, and any other belonging to him ; the old 
 site having become much too confined for the increased 
 quantity of cattle, sheep, and other things brought thereto. 
 The property in the market and fair, together with a 
 license granted by King Charles the Second, dated the 
 22nd of November, were, in the thirtieth year of his reign, 
 granted to Anne Parish for a market every Thursday, for 
 the sale of cattle and pigs. 
 
 The property in the aforesaid market and fair was for 
 many years vested in four persons, viz. Mr. Woodcock, 
 Mr. Sullion, Mr. Home Tooke, and Mr. Lucas ; it after- 
 wards passed to Mr. Woodcock, in 1768, who sold it to Mr. 
 La Forest, father of William La Forest, Esq., who sold it 
 to the late Mr. Crighton, the father of the present pro- 
 prietor, who still further enlarged the space allotted to 
 the fair, rendered necessary by the increasing population. 
 Like all fairs in populous neighbourhoods, Brentford fair 
 appears to have had its share of noisy sport and occasional 
 disturbance ; for we find in Hudibrass 
 
 And though you overcome the Bear, 
 The Dogs beat you at Brentford Fair; 
 Where sturdy Butcher's broke your noddle, 
 And handled you like a fop doodle. 
 
 Cant. III. p. 11. 1. 995. 
 
 More recently the inhabitants of the neighbourhood of the 
 fair became impatient of the indulgence allowed to the 
 public at the fair, and meditating its entire suppression, 
 consulted the late eminent council Mr. Alley, upon the 
 probability of succeeding in the attempt ; but Mr. Alley 
 being satisfied that the fail* was perfectly legal, and that 
 no disturbances, or irregularities were committed, than 
 what attend all such fairs gave them no encouragement, 
 and the attempt was abandoned. But country fairs are at 
 best but poor expedients for allaying the cravings of young 
 
94 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 persons for occasional amusements ; and the man who 
 should succeed in introducing some wholesome and innocent 
 recreation, to gratify the natural passion of youth for 
 liveliness and joy, divested of those gross and immoral 
 results, which fairs and their concomitant exhibitions 
 produce, would entitle himself to the honour of being 
 enrolled amongst the real benefactors of mankind. 
 
 The weekly market on Tuesday is well supplied, and 
 for the size of the town is very considerable, all kinds of 
 butcher's meat may here be seen in profusion. Besides 
 the stalls, there are exhibited a good supply of poultry, 
 butter, cheese, and eggs ; fruit, vegetables, and green- 
 house plants ; hardware, and brushes, earthenware, and 
 glass ; fish in all its varieties, geese and pigs ; books and 
 prints ; so that it presents more the appearance of a fair 
 than a market. 
 
 The Court of the Clerk of the Market, is established 
 to punish misdemeanours therein ; as a court oi piepoudre is 
 to determine all disputes relating to property. The object 
 of this jurisdiction is principally the cognizance of weights 
 and measures, to try whether they be according to the 
 true standard, which standard was anciently committed to 
 the custody of the bishop, who appointed some clerk 
 under him to inspect them ; and hence this officer, though 
 now usually a layman, is called the clerk of the market. 
 This is the most inferior court of criminal jurisdiction in 
 the kingdom, though the objects of its coercion were 
 esteemed among the Romans of such importance to the 
 public, that they were committed to the care of some of 
 their most distinguished magistrates, the cumde cediles* 
 
 Markets were originally established for the advantage 
 of trade and commerce ; the Jews had their several 
 markets in the city of Jerusalem. f The Romans held 
 three markets in every month, and they were called 
 Nundinal, quasi Novendincs, because they were held 
 every ninth day. With us markets are very ancient, 
 
 * See A. Gell. Noct. Attic, lib. 3. c. 18. Blackstoue's Com. iv. p. 275. 
 f Ezek. xxvii. 13, 14, 17, 19. 
 
MARKETS AND FAIRS. 95 
 
 and were thus denominated from the French word marche, 
 which means emporium, forum nitndinorum, and signifies 
 the liberty and privilege which a town has to keep 
 a market ;* for in the time of the Saxons, markets and fairs 
 were kept chiefly for the preservation of tolls, stallage, 
 pickage, and other profits, belonging to the king's 
 revenue ; therefore all things were required to be sold 
 in great towns, castles, and ports, only in the presence of 
 the magistrates of the place, or king's officer, as appears 
 by a law made in the time of king Edward, who began 
 his reign in the year 900. ' f Let no man sell any thing 
 out of a town, unless in the presence of the Reeve, or 
 some other honest man, and let him who shall do other- 
 wise be punished for his contempt of the king." 
 
 And king Ethelstan made another law. — " No person 
 shall buy any thing out of a town valued drearer than 
 twenty pence ; but every merchant shall buy within the gate 
 of the town, in the presence of the chief magistrate, or some 
 honest man, or the king's officer, in the view of the 
 passage of the common people. "f William the Conqueror 
 made a law, that no market or fair should be allowed but 
 in cities, boroughs, or walled towns, where the dignity of 
 the Crown might not be lost or evaded. J And by these 
 laws, the market and fairs of this town were established 
 and are still regulated. The fairs of later institution, are 
 either free or charged with tolls and impositions. 
 
 The inhabitants of West Brentford owe a deep debt of 
 gratitude to the memory of the illustrious Queen, at whose 
 intercession these favours were granted to their, ancestors, 
 which, after a lapse of more than five hundred years, they 
 still enjoy ; and the topographical historian feels an honest 
 degree of exultation in being the organ of conveyance to 
 posterity of this their dutiful and grateful homage to their 
 Royal Benefactress, whose eminent virtues stand recorded 
 and embalmed in the historic page, but require not 
 
 * Leges Edw. stat. 2. + Leges Etlielstani, stat. 12. 
 
 I Leges Gulielmij stat. 01. 
 
96 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 the tardy testimony of these humble pages to perpetuate 
 their remembrance. Upon turning to the history of 
 Margarite, of France, wife of Edward the First, it 
 appears that she was a most munificent, charitable, and 
 estimable princess, and a loving wife. The Chronicler 
 says, she was " goode withouten lacke." 
 
 Manor of Burston or Boston. — The only manor in 
 this parish is that of Bordeston or Burston, commonly 
 called Boston, which was part of the possessions of the 
 Prioress of St. Helen's near Bishopsgate, under whom, 
 Jerome Hawley was lessee when that monastery was 
 dissolved. Edward the Sixth, in 1547, granted it to 
 Edward, Duke of Somerset, on whose attainder it reverted 
 to the crown. Queen Elizabeth, in 1572, gave it to 
 Robert, Earl of Leicester, who sold it the same year to 
 Sir Thomas Gresham ; after Lady Gresham's death, which 
 happened in 1598, it was inhabited by Sir William Beade, 
 her son by a former husband, who obtained a new patent 
 from the crown in 1610. Sir William dying in 1621, 
 bequeathed this manor for life to his widow, with 
 remainder to his grand children, the three daughters 
 of Sir Michael Stanhope, viz., Jane, married to Lord 
 Fitzwalter, and afterwards to Sir William Withepole ; 
 Elizabeth, to George, Lord Berkeley, and Bridget to 
 George Fielding, Earl of Desmond. Lady Beade married 
 to her second husband, Sir Edward Spenser, Knt. of the 
 Sunderland family, who possessed this manor many years 
 in right of his wife, making it the place of his residence. 
 One of James Howell's letters, dated February 20, 1647, 
 is addressed to him " at his house near Brainford, 
 Middlesex." Lady Spenser having outlived her second 
 husband, died in 1658, and lies buried in the church, in 
 which year Viscount Hereford, who had married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter of Sir William Withepole, by Jane 
 Stanhope, aliened a third part of the reversion of the 
 manor to John Gouldsmith, Esq., the perpetuity of the 
 other two parts had been before aliened by the Berkeley 
 
BOSTON HOUSE. 97 
 
 and Desmond families to Lady Spenser, who devised them 
 to her kinsman, John Gouldsmith, above-mentioned.* 
 
 Among the manorial papers are the following particulars 
 relative to the name. 
 
 All the most ancient court rolls were burnt in a fire 
 that consumed the old part of the house, a few years before 
 James Clitherow purchased it, in 1670. There are, how- 
 ever, rentals bearing date 21 Henry the Eighth, anno 
 1529, and another that is not dated, being stiled the 
 rental of Hugh Eston, who purchased the lease in 1652, 
 and sold it in 1658, and, therefore, must be of a date 
 between these two periods, which has no mention of the 
 manor in it. In the most ancient of the rentals, the manor 
 is thus stiled: — 1. Bordestone and Braynford; 2. West 
 Braynford; 3. Braynford, only; 4. Boston and Brayn- 
 ford; 5. and in 1629, Boston near Braynford. Hence it 
 appears that Bordestone was the most ancient name, but 
 that in the beginning of the 15th century, it began to be 
 called Burston or Boston promiscuously. In 1670, James 
 Clitherow purchased the manor, which was conveyed to 
 him by the name of the manor of Burston ; and rentals for 
 almost every year from that period are extant, in which 
 the manor is sometimes called Burston, alias Boston, and 
 Braynford, alias Brainford, until the year 1727, when 
 Christopher, the son of James, the purchaser, died. In 
 the time of James, son of Christopher, the regular yearly 
 collection of quit rents was much neglected, only two or 
 three rentals are to be found, in which the manor is stiled 
 Burston alias Boston, with Brentford, and so it .still con- 
 tinues. There are also two older rentals of 1660 and 
 1661, when Mr. Gouldsmith was in possession, whose 
 trustees, under his will, sold it to James Clitherow, in 
 both of which it is called Boston with New Brentford. 
 
 Boston House. — The manor house is pleasantly 
 situated on a rising ground, in the midst of a well- 
 
 * She was a great benefactor to this parish. See pp. 72. 74. 
 H 
 
98 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 wooded park of fifty acres, about three quarters of a mile 
 to the north of the town. The trees are chiefly elms, of 
 a large size, many of which may be considered to have been 
 planted in the time of Charles the First. It was built 
 partly in the year 1622, by Lady Reade, and partly in 
 1671, by James Clitherow, as appears by the dates on the 
 pipes, cielings, &c. Great part of the mansion had been 
 recently destroyed by a fire, and many of the old writings 
 and deeds burnt. The most remarkable features of this 
 ancient mansion have furnished several plates to one of 
 the interesting works on Elizabethan architecture, lately 
 published by C. J. Richardson, Esq., F.S.A. 
 
 Clitherow Family of Boston House. — James 
 Clitherow, who purchased this manor in 1670, was a 
 merchant of eminence in London, the fourth son of Sir 
 Christopher Clitherow, of Pinner Hill House, in Middle- 
 sex, Knight, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Sir J. 
 Campbell, Knight who was Lord Mayor of London in 1610 ; 
 Sir Christopher Clitherow was Alderman of London, and 
 served the office of Sheriff in 1625, and of Lord Mayor in 
 1635. He was also President of Christ's Hospital, in the 
 court-room of which is a portrait of him, and he was 
 Governor of the East Land Company ; he was returned 
 as one of the citizens for the city of London in 1627, in 
 the parliament that sat only one year. As he was firmly 
 attached to monarchy and episcopacy, and therefore no 
 favourite of the republican party that then prevailed in 
 London, he was not returned in the next parliament, and 
 soon after retired from public business, to his house on 
 Pinner Hill, which he purchased some years before, and 
 chiefly resided there in a retired manner till his death. 
 He left several children by both his wives, his eldest son 
 was settled in Essex, and the second at Pinner Hill, both 
 of which estates have long been sold, and both those 
 and all other branches of Sir Christopher's numerous 
 family in the male line have become extinct, except 
 the descendants of James, the fourth son, whose great 
 
THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 99 
 
 grandson, James, was the late owner of tins manor. Sir 
 Christopher, was son of Henry Clitherow, who was son 
 of another Henry, a citizen of some note in the time of 
 Henry the Eighth, who purchased some houses in Cornhill, 
 in 1554, of the Commissioners appointed by that king 
 for the sale of the possessions of the dissolved monasteries, 
 and it is presumed was a younger son of a family of that 
 name, of Little Botshanger, in the parish of Ash, near 
 Sandwich, in Kent, which, as Philpot in his " Villare 
 Cantianum" expresses it, as it was in elder times, was of 
 eminent account, in that trait whereof Roger de Cliderow, 
 as the name was written, nourished in the reigns of 
 Edward the Second and Third, and he, or rather Richard 
 his predecessor, was Knight of the shire for Kent, in the 
 seventh year of Henry the Fourth ; which Richard was 
 sheriff of Kent in the fourth and part of the fifth year of 
 Henry the Fourth ; and again in the sixth year of Henry 
 the Fifth. He was also constituted Admiral of the Saxon 
 seas, from the Thames mouth along the Saxon shore to 
 the west. The male line of this family ceasing in the 
 time of Henry the Eighth, the estate passed to the three 
 daughters and coheirs of the last male possessor ; but as 
 Sir Christopher had arms of the Kentish family as dis- 
 played by Philpot, taken, as he says, from old authorities 
 which he had seen, being the arms now borne by the 
 family, allowed him as of right, not as a new grant, at the 
 visitation held for London in 1634, it is presumed, as the 
 laws of heraldry were in those days strictly observed, that 
 he must have proved his descent from a Kentish family, 
 to the satisfaction of Henry St. George Richmond, herald, 
 who signed his testimonial under a blazon of the said 
 arms then entered, which is now in the possession of 
 Mrs. Clitherow. The late Col. Clitherow was descended 
 from Sir Christopher Clitherow, whose fourth son, James 
 Clitherow, purchased the manor of Boston in 1670, as 
 before observed. Thus the family has been seated at 
 Brentford for one hundred and seventy years, and there 
 are few others in the metropolitan county who can boast 
 
 h 2 
 
100 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 a continuance of half that extent. James Clitherow, Esq. 
 the late colonel's father, died in 1805.* 
 
 In public life, Colonel Clitherow had been for many 
 years most prominent to maintain the established insti- 
 tutions of the country, and in his endeavours to ameliorate 
 the condition of the poorer classes, as well as in promoting 
 the interests of suffering humanity. He was a firm 
 member of the Established Church. In politics, Colonel 
 Clitherow was a staunch and consistent conservative, and 
 for many years filled the station of Chairman of the 
 Middlesex Conservative Registration Committee. His 
 upright and unflinching conduct as a magistrate, both at 
 the Middlesex Sessions at Brentford, and of the divisional 
 bench, of which he was chairman, will long be remembered. 
 
 In all matters tending to promote the interests of his 
 own immediate neighbourhood, Colonel Clitherow was 
 ever foremost. 
 
 In private, life he was of most unassuming and unosten- 
 tatious manners. For many years previous to the death 
 of his late Majesty King William the Fourth, he was 
 honoured by his friendship and esteem, which marks of 
 royal favour were continued by the Queen Dowager. 
 
 The Address from New Brentford, 1839. 
 
 On Saturday the 13th day of April, 1839, a meeting of 
 the inhabitants of this parish was held at the Boys' National 
 School-room in the Ham, and a resolution unanimously 
 passed that an address be presented to Colonel Clitherow 
 on his partial retirement from public life in consequence 
 of illness, by resigning the situation of Chairman of the 
 County Lunatic Asylum at Hanwell, and other important 
 situations which he had so long held in this place and 
 neighbourhood.f 
 
 On Tuesday, the 23rd of April, the deputation appointed 
 
 * Gent. Mag. Dec. 1805 and 1841. 
 
 + Funeral Sermon, by the Rev. John Stoddart,D.D. preached October 23, 1841. 
 
THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 101 
 
 at the above meeting, consisting of the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, 
 the Vicar, and Messrs. Glover, Ronalds, Winkworth, and 
 Wood, four of the oldest inhabitants in the parish waited 
 on the Colonel at his residence, Boston House, with the 
 address, which was read by the Rev. Dr. Stoddart; on which 
 occasion a new flag was hoisted on the church, and the 
 bells rang several merry peals during the day. 
 
 " Induced by motives of personal respect and attach- 
 ment towards you, by a sense of gratitude for many public 
 services rendered to ourselves and to the county in which 
 you live, by sincere admiration of your public and private 
 character during the course of a long life, we, whose 
 names are undersigned, wish to embrace this opportunity 
 of conveying to you a testimonial of our common senti- 
 ments and feelings, and the more so, as we regret to hear 
 that you have lately determined to retire from some of 
 your usual engagements and pursuits. To enumerate 
 the various duties which you have so ably and zealously 
 performed for the public good would be almost impossible. 
 The mere statement, however, of your having for so 
 many years filled such important offices is enough to con- 
 vince every one that nothing but the greatest integrity 
 and benevolence of character, combined with high and 
 honourable feeling, sound judgment, decision, and impar- 
 tiality, could ever have placed or continued you in situations 
 of the most acknowledged usefulness and respectability, 
 With respect to your private walk amongst those in your 
 own parish and neighbourhood, we could produce, if it 
 were necessary, a thousand proofs of the esteem and 
 popularity which you have long since merited and secured 
 from persons of all ranks and parties — by your attention 
 to the welfare of our local institutions — by your support 
 of our charities — and by your readiness to assist with your 
 advice and exertions all who needed your powerful aid as 
 a magistrate and as a friend. Having by these means 
 won the general esteem and respect of those around you, 
 we beg, in conclusion, to express our ardent hope that, 
 as long as health and strength will permit, you will not 
 withdraw your countenance and support from those 
 
102 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 important institutions connected with our own parish ; and 
 our sincere prayer is, that it may please the Almighty Dis- 
 poser of events for many years to prolong a life so desirable 
 to your own family and friends, so necessary to your own 
 interests, and so beneficial to the welfare of society." 
 
 Colonel dither on? s reply. 
 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 " I receive the Address you have this day presented 
 to me from the Inhabitants of my native parish with the 
 most heartfelt satisfaction. 
 
 " It affords me the greatest pleasure to possess so ample 
 an acknowledgment of the sense entertained by my worthy 
 neighbours of my endeavours, during the many years I 
 have resided amongst them, to attend, as far as possible, 
 to the interests of this parish, and to render every service 
 in my power to the community at large, as well as to every 
 individual. 
 
 " The consciousness of having acted rightly, at least of 
 always intending to do so, is one of the highest pleasures 
 an honest mind can feel ; but when the ap£>roval of such 
 conduct is manifested in so public and gratifying a manner 
 as the present Address conveys, it doubles the satisfaction: 
 and, as the day arrives — probably not far distant — when I 
 shall quit you and all other worldly connexions, the recol- 
 lection of this act of kindness will afford me, at that awful 
 period, the greatest consolation." 
 
 The Address from the Brentford Magisterial District and 
 Neighbourhood. 
 
 At a numerous meeting of the magistrates, clergy, and 
 other inhabitants of the Brentford magisterial district and 
 neighbourhood, held at the Northumberland Arms, Isle- 
 worth, May 11, 1839, H. Pownall, Esq. in the chair, it 
 was resolved that an Address, together with a piece of 
 
THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 103 
 
 plate (to be purchased by subscriptions limited to one 
 pound) should be presented to Colonel Clitherow on his 
 partial retirement from public life ; as a testimonial of the 
 high sense they entertained of the ability, zeal, and 
 devotedness which he uniformly manifested in the dis- 
 charge of his magisterial duties, and his readiness at all 
 times to promote the welfare of the neighbourhood. A 
 committee, consisting of forty eight gentlemen from the 
 various parishes, was then appointed to carry out the 
 objects of the meeting; which, being completed, a depu- 
 tation was appointed to present the Plate and the Address 
 to the venerable Colonel. On Tuesday the 2-ith of Sep- 
 tember, 1889, the deputation, consisting of Henry Pownall, 
 Esq., the chairman, the Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the Secretary, 
 and John Farell, Esq. the Treasurer, waited upon the 
 Colonel at his residence, Boston House ; and, in the pre- 
 sence of Mrs. and Miss Clitherow, and a few of their 
 friends, had the pleasure of presenting to him a most 
 elegant piece of plate, together with the Address, which 
 had been most numerously signed. It Avould, indeed, be 
 most difficult to describe the feeling manifested on this 
 interesting occasion by the Colonel and his family. It 
 will, however, perhaps be sufficient to state, that to every 
 member of the committee, and to all who had promoted 
 this testimonial of regard and respect for the Colonel, he 
 begged the deputation would convey his warmest acknow- 
 ledgments ; and, in order that all might be assured of his 
 deepfelt gratitude, he desired the Secretary to send a 
 printed copy of his most appropriate and touching reply 
 to every subscriber in the district. The deputation had 
 then the gratification of communicating to the committee, 
 held the same afternoon at Isleworth, the satisfactory 
 result of their proceedings, and the high gratification they 
 had experienced from their visit to Boston House. 
 
 The Address. — " We, the undersigned, inhabitants of 
 the Brentford Magisterial District and Neighbourhood, 
 comprising the parishes of Acton, New and Old Brent- 
 ford, Chiswick, Ealing, Greenford, Hanwell, Heston, 
 Isleworth, Norwood, Perivale^ and Twickenham, beg 
 
101 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 leave ^to take this opportunity of expressing to you our 
 most unfeigned regret at your partial retirement from 
 public life, and of our conviction of the loss which the 
 public in general, and this district in particular, will sustain 
 whenever they shall be wholly deprived of your valuable 
 services. 
 
 " The ability, zeal, and devotedness, which you have 
 manifested in the discharge of your magisterial duties, the 
 strict impartiality with which you have uniformly admi- 
 nistered the laws, tempering, as far as possible, justice 
 with mercy, the conciliatory spirit and gentlemanly feeling 
 by which every transaction of your life has been charac- 
 terized, the undaunted firmness which you have displayed 
 in seasons of trial and difficulty, justly entitle you to the 
 respect and gratitude of all classes of the community. 
 
 " The value also of your public character is much 
 enhanced by the integrity of your private life, adorned as 
 it is with many Christian graces ; without which the most 
 excellent public virtues lose half their usefulness and all 
 their intrinsic merit. Whether we look, Sir, to the immediate 
 neighbourhood, in which you reside, or to the metropolis, 
 numerous proofs present themselves of your active bene- 
 volence and unwearied exertions for the public good, 
 especially in mitigating the direst calamities to which 
 human nature is subject; thus exemplifying, in your life 
 and conversation, the precepts of that holy faith of which 
 you are one of the firmest supporters. 
 
 " Be assured, then, that whenever you shall deem it 
 expedient to withdraw altogether from public business, 
 you will carry with you into the retirement of private life, 
 the profound respect, the sincere gratitude, and the cordial 
 good wishes of all around you. 
 
 " We beg, therefore to conclude this address with our 
 united and fervent prayer to the Supreme Disposer of all 
 events, that He may long continue to spare you to your 
 family and friends, and vouchsafe to close your honourable 
 life in peace, founded on that Christian hope which, even 
 here, meets with its reward, and is 'full of immortality.' ' 
 
THE CLITHEROW FAMILY. 105 
 
 Colonel Clitherow' 8 Reply. 
 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 " I receive this mark of the approbation of yourselves, 
 my friends, and neighbours, with the deepest sense of 
 gratitude 
 
 " During the long series of years I have resided amongst 
 you, it has ever been my study to promote those objects 
 which I considered might be useful, and, in the discharge 
 of my magisterial duties, to uphold the laws of my country 
 without favour or affection, for the benefit of all classes of 
 society : and I can most solemnly assure you, I never 
 looked forward to any other reward than that of a self- 
 approving conscience. 
 
 " When I look at the numerous signatures attached to 
 the address, and to your very elegant and valuable present 
 of plate which accompanies it, I can adopt no language 
 which can adequately convey my feelings on the occasion. 
 
 " I indeed flattered myself, when I first signified my 
 intention of partially retiring from public business, that I 
 might still attend to those duties more immediately con- 
 nected with the neighbourhood ; but having very lately 
 experienced what I must consider a serious visitation, I fear 
 I shall be unable much longer to occupy myself in any of my 
 usual avocations. To the latest hour of my life, however, 
 I can assure you I shall feel the deepest interest in the 
 welfare and prosperity of all around me, and shall never 
 forget the most acceptable and satisfactory testimonials 
 which have this day been presented to me. 
 
 " James Clitherow." 
 
 Description of the Plate. 
 
 The Plate presented to Colonel Clitherow, was executed 
 expressly for the occasion, by Messrs. Storr and Mortimer, 
 silversmiths, Bond Street. It is in the form of an Epergne, 
 standing on a highly embellished and massive tripod, on 
 
106 
 
 HISTORY OF UREXTFORD. 
 
 the panels of which are engraved the arms of Colonel 
 Clitherow, the object of its presentation, and the twelve 
 parishes and districts from which the subscriptions were 
 received, together with the names of the chairman, secretary, 
 and treasurer. From the centre of the tripod arises a fluted 
 column surmounted by a richly cut crystal basin for fruit 
 or flowers, supported by the foliage of the Acanthus. 
 Round the column are placed three beautiful female figures, 
 of frosted silver, representing Faith, Justice, and Charity, 
 modelled in the most chaste and classical style, by William 
 Bailey, Esq., P. A ; illustrative of those virtues which 
 adorn the character of him, who has been the object of 
 this well-earned and truly splendid testimonial. Of these 
 figures it is impossible to say which is most worthy of 
 admiration ; whether Faith, with her placid and stedfast 
 countenance, long hair, and flowing robes, holding before 
 her a burnished cross, higher than herself; Justice, with 
 her firm and inflexible look, carrying the scales in her 
 right hand, and resting her left on a naked sword ; or 
 Charity, with her lovely and benignant aspect, affec- 
 tionately regarding two children, one of which she presses 
 to her bosom with her right hand, whilst the other on the 
 opposite side is clinging for protection to the folds of 
 her dress. 
 
 This group is, indeed, altogether so well conceived, and 
 so highly finished after the best models of the antique, 
 that no language can sufficiently express the beauty of 
 its effect. 
 
 Other testimonials of regard were also lately addressed 
 to Colonel Clitherow, from the different institutions 
 to which he belonged; and in the year 1837, at the 
 suggestion of H. Pownall, Esq., a beautiful and well 
 executed Portrait, by that celebrated artist, W. "VV. 
 Pickersgill, Esq., P. A., was painted at the expense of 
 the Visiting Magistrates of the Asylum, and placed in 
 the Committee-room at Hanwell, of which a 2,'ood en^ravins: 
 has since been made. 
 
THE CLITHE110W FAMILY. 107 
 
 The Funeral of Colonel Clitherow. 
 
 The death of Colonel Clitherow took place at Boston 
 House, on Tuesday, the 12th, and his funeral on Wednes- 
 day, the 20th of October, 1841. As soon as the melancholy 
 event was known in Brentford, the inhabitants imme- 
 diately testified their regret for the loss they had sustained, 
 by partially closing their windows ; and on Friday, a large 
 and respectable meeting was held at the Infant School- 
 room in the Butts, when a resolution was unanimously 
 passed, that an application be forwarded to Mrs. Clitherow, 
 requesting her permission, that, as at the funeral of the 
 father of Colonel Clithorow, in 1805, those inhabitants 
 who were anxious to pay their last tribute of respect to 
 the memory of their deceased friend and neighbour, 
 should be allowed to join the procession to the church on 
 this occasion. This request was kindly granted by Mrs. 
 Clitherow, and every necessary arrangement was accord- 
 ingly made to carry out the object of the meeting. 
 Numerous applications were also made at Boston House 
 by the nobility, the clergy, and the gentry, in the neigh- 
 bourhood, and in the metropolis, to be allowed personally 
 to join the procession, or to send their carriages, as is 
 usual on such occasions. By the express desire, however, 
 of Colonel Clitherow during his illness, and in accordance 
 with the feelings of the family, all such applications were 
 most respectfully declined ; and none but the inhabitants 
 who had sent the requisition, the children of the National 
 Schools, and the Staff of the Westminster Militia, were 
 permitted to attend. 
 
 The procession left Boston House shortly after Eleven 
 o'clock, and was arranged in the following order : 
 
 First, the children of the National Schools ; next, more 
 than one hundred of the principal Inhabitants and Trades- 
 men in full mourning, two-abreast, and the Staff of the 
 Westminster Militia, under the command of Captain James 
 Blagg, the Adjutant; then the hearse, drawn by six 
 horses, attended by Mr. Winkworth, the undertaker, and 
 
108 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 his assistants, followed by three carriages, with four 
 horses each, containing the mourners and the domestics ; 
 and, lastly, the Colonel's own private carriage : and 
 notwithstanding the vast multitudes from the town and 
 neighbourhood, which accompanied the whole line of 
 the procession, the utmost order and decorum everywhere 
 prevailed. All shops were entirely closed, and business 
 of every kind suspended throughout the parish. 
 
 On reaching the church, the procession was met by the 
 Rev. Dr. Stoddart, the Vicar, and the parochial officers ; 
 and the body was carried to the centre aisle by six 
 Serjeants of the militia, and placed immediately under the 
 reading desk, close to the Colonel's family pew. At the 
 moment of entering the church, the immense congregation 
 rose from their seats, and the " Dead March in Saul" was 
 played by Mrs. Wells, the organist. Purcell's appro- 
 priate anthem, " I am the Resurrection and the Life, 
 saith the Lord," was then sung by the choir with excellent 
 effect ; the psalms and lessons appointed for the burial of 
 the dead, were next read by Dr. Stoddart, and afterwards, 
 Kent's beautiful and affecting anthem, " Hear my Prayer, 
 O Lord," taken from the fifty-fifth Psalm, was performed 
 by the choir, assisted by Mrs. Sharp and Miss C. Boden. 
 
 The body was then deposited in a grave in the chancel, 
 where many of the Colonel's ancestors have been interred, 
 and the usual service closed the ceremony. From the 
 arrangements which had been previously made, all who 
 were present were allowed to pass from the body of the 
 church, the galleries, &c, through the south aisle to the 
 chancel, and thus had an opportunity of inspecting the 
 grave of the deceased ; and many a tear was observed to 
 be shed by persons of all classes, but especially by the 
 poor, as they looked down on the remains of their long 
 beloved and departed friend. Hundreds, also, who could 
 not gain admission to the church before the service, were 
 now admitted, and passed by the grave in the same order. 
 
 The immediate relatives of Colonel Clitherow who 
 attended as mourners on this occasion, were Snow Paul, 
 Esq., Robert Salkeld, Esq., Edward and Henry Seymour, 
 
THE CLITREROW FAMILY. 109 
 
 Esquires, and the Rev. Edward Bullock ; accompanied hy 
 George Cooper, Esq. the medical attendant at Boston 
 House, and Joseph Maberly, Esq. solicitor. 
 
 Of the neighbouring clergy, magistrates, and gentry, 
 there were present, the Rev. Dr. Walmsley of Hanwell, 
 the Rev. Dr. Dodsworth of Notting-hill, the Rev. W. 
 Antrobus of Acton, the Rev. J. Smith of Ealing, the Rev. 
 H. Glossop of Isleworth, and the Rev. F. E. Thompson 
 of Old Brentford, Colonel T. Wood, M.P. for Middlesex, 
 A. Wood, Esq., H. Pownall, Esq., G. Baillie, Esq., T. 
 Twining, Esq., C. Turner, Esq., B. Armstrong, Esq., 
 Lieut.-Col. Hunt, and Captain Manchester, of the West- 
 minster Militia; besides many other respectable persons 
 in the neighbourhood, and many who had travelled far to 
 pay this last tribute of respect to their truly venerable and 
 highly valued friend. 
 
 A large body of the T division of the Metropolitan 
 Police, under the superintendence of inspector Marquarcl, 
 also attended on this occasion. 
 
 Inscription on the Coffin. 
 
 JAMES CLITHEROW, ESQ. 
 
 DIED, OCTOBER 12TH, 1841. 
 
 AGED 75 YEARS. 
 
 " Blessed are the dead -which die in the Lord, even so saith the Spirit, for 
 
 they rest from their labours, and their works do follow them." 
 
 Rev. xiv. 13. 
 
 A List of the Principal Offices held by the late Colonel Clitherow, almost to the 
 period of his death. 
 
 Colonel of the Westminster Militia more than forty-five years. 
 
 Chairman of the Deputy-Lieutenants of the Hundred of Isleworth. 
 
 A Magistrate and Chairman of the Petty Sessions for the District of 
 Brentford. 
 
 Chairman of the Visiting Magistrates of the County Pauper Lunatic Asylum 
 at Hanwell. 
 
 Originator and Treasurer of Queen Adelaide's Fund, for the benefit of those 
 Patients who have been discharged cured from the Hanwell Asylum. 
 
 Chairman of the Conservative Registration Club. 
 
 One of the Treasurers of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy. 
 
110 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Vice-President of the Lay-Union for the defence of the Established Church. 
 
 President of the Brentford District Committee of the Society for Promoting 
 Christian Knowledge. 
 
 One of the Committee of the National Society for the Education of the 
 Poor. 
 
 A Vice-President of the Royal Humane Society. 
 
 A Governor of Bethlem Hospital. 
 
 A Commissioner of the Metropolis Turnpike Trusts. 
 
 Chairman of the Board of Guardians of the Brentford Union at Isleworth. 
 
 Chairman of the Commissioners of Taxes for the District of Brentford. 
 
 President and Treasurer of the Brentford and Ealing Saving's Bank. 
 
 Treasurer of the National Schools of New Brentford. 
 
 Treasurer of the Brentford Dispensary for the relief of the Sick Poor. 
 
 And Trustee of several Charities at Ealing, Isleworth, Hanwell, &c. &c. 
 
 ARCHERY IN THE BUTTS. 
 
 Secure behind the Telamonian shield, 
 The skilful archer Avide survey'd the field, 
 With ev'ry shaft some hostile victim slew, 
 Then close beneath the sev'nfold orb withdrew." 
 
 Homer's Iliad, b. viii. 1. 320. 
 
 It clearly appears, that the Romans introduced the bow 
 into this country, and that they continued to use it till 
 
ARCHERY IN THE BUTTS. Ill 
 
 their final departure. The Saxons used both the long 
 and cross bow. During the heptarchy, OfFrid, son of 
 Edwin, king of Northumbria, was killed by an arrow 
 in a battle between the troops of that king and the united 
 army of Mercians and Welsh, fought about the year 6SS. 
 The Danes were accustomed to the use of archery in 
 battle, and we find it often noticed at this period in our 
 early chroniclers. Poly dor e Virgil, speaking of the troops 
 of Etheldred, of which part were commanded by his 
 brother Alfred, says, that a great number of archers were 
 placed in the right wing of the army.* From this time 
 till the Norman invasion, little occurs respecting archery, 
 but it is well known, how successfully it was employed by 
 William at the battle of Hastings. Bows and arrows are 
 mentioned on this occasion by all our historians, and the 
 catastrophe of the battle proves the skill with which the 
 invaders used these weapons. Lord Lyttleton, in his 
 life of Henry the Fourth observes, that from many instances 
 in the course of the wars of that prince with the Irish, it 
 appears that the English conquests in Ireland were prin- 
 cipally owing to the use of the long bow in battle with 
 which the Irish infantry were unacquainted. The Welsh 
 at that time were astonishingly expert in the use of the 
 bow, of which Giraldus Cambrensis mentions many 
 instances. Nothing further is to be found in our historians 
 relative to archery till the battle of Cressy in 1346,f and 
 Poictiers in 1356, where the archers poured forth their 
 arrows in such profusion, and gained such glorious 
 victories. 
 
 We are informed by Holinshed, that during the reign 
 of Richard the Second, a number of archers were sent at 
 the request of the Genoese to assist them against the 
 Saracens on the coast of Barbary, and that they performed 
 great services with the long bow. 
 
 A memorable circumstance respecting the bow occurred 
 in the reign of Henry the Fourth, which was the victory 
 
 * Polydor. Virgil. Ang. Hist. lib. v. p. 129, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1651. 
 + Froissard, liv. 1 . chap. 130, 162. Polydor. Virg. lib. xix. p. 488. 
 
112 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 gained over the Scots near Halidown Hill in 1402,* where, 
 in the words of an old historian, " the Lord Percy's 
 archers did withal deliver their deadly arrows so lively, 
 so courageously, so grievously, that they ranne through 
 the men of amies, bored the helmets, pierced their very 
 swords, beat their lancers to the earth, and easily shot those 
 who were slightly armed, through and through." The 
 next signal victory ascribed to the English archers, is the 
 battle of Agincourt, which was fought in 141 5, f under 
 Henry the Fifth, in which our countrymen destroyed a great 
 number of the French cavalry by their yard long arrows. 
 They were continued in use during the civil wars of York 
 and Lancaster, and were also the principal weapons used 
 at Flodden Field in the reign of Henry the Eighth.;}: 
 This, indeed, seems to be the last important action in which 
 archery was used, and though the practice of bows was 
 continued partially through several reigns, they at length 
 seem to have been continued merely as an amusement. 
 
 The time in which the bow became disused in war by 
 the English army, cannot perhaps be exactly determined. 
 Father Daniel acquaints us, that arrows were shot by the 
 English at the Isle of Rhe in 1627. Captain Grose says, 
 that in 1643, the Earl of Essex issued a precept for 
 " stirring up all well affected people by benevolence 
 towards the rising of a company of archers for the service 
 of the King and Parliament ;" the same author informs us 
 that in a pamphlet printed in 1664, giving an account of 
 the success of the Marquis of Montrose against the Scots, 
 bowmen are repeatedly mentioned. 
 
 Marks for Shooting at. — The marks usually shot at 
 by archers for pastime, were butts, prickes, and roavers. 
 The butt, we are told, was a level mark, and required a 
 strong arrow with a very broad feather ; the pricke was a 
 " marke of compasse," but certain in its distance, and to 
 this mark strong swift arrows, of one flight, with a middling 
 sized feather, were best suited ; the roaver was a mark of 
 
 Rapin, vol. i. p. 408. + Polydor. Virg. lib. xxii. p. 570: 
 
 | Polvdor. Virg. lib. xxviii. p. 27. 
 
ARCHERY. 118 
 
 uncertain length, it was therefore proper for the archer 
 to have various kinds of arrows, of different weights, to 
 be used according to the different changements made in 
 the distance of the ground. 
 
 Archery was so much approved by Bishop Latimer as a 
 bodily exercise, that he preached a sermon in favour of it 
 before King Edward the Sixth. The great excellence of 
 archery above other sports, and its utility in a political 
 point of view, are ably discussed in Roger Ascham's 
 excellent treatise, writtenin 1544, and entitled "Toxophilus, 
 the whole Practice of Shooting ; contayned in Two Bookes ; 
 pleasaunt for all gentlemen and yeomen of Englande, for 
 theyr pastyme to reade, and profitable for theyr use to 
 follow both in warre and peace," in which many of the 
 fashionable amusements of the day are justly condemned. 
 
 In " The benefit of the auncient Bathes of Buckstone, 
 which cureth most greevous sicknesses, neuer before 
 published; compiled by John Jones, Phisites, at the 
 King's Mede, nigh Darby, anno salutis, 1572." The 
 following is given as an exercise or amusement adapted to 
 the invalid : — " Shooting the noblest exercyse." " Shoot- 
 ing at garden buttes, too them whom it agreeth and 
 pleatheth in place of noblest exercyse standeth, and 
 that rather wyth longe-bowe, than wyth tyther, stone 
 bowe, or crosse bowe : albeit to them that otherwyse 
 cannot, by reason of greefe, feeblenesse, or lack of 
 use, they may be allowed. This practese of all other 
 the manlyest, leavyeth no part of the body unexercised, 
 the brest, backe, reynes, waist, and amies with drawing 
 the thyghes and legges, with running or going." 
 
 In an old ballad written in praise of the Princess 
 Elizabeth, wife of Henry the Seventh, his majesty is 
 described as employed in a princely amusement — 
 
 " See where lie shooteth at the Buttes, and with him Lords three." 
 
 Harl. M8S. 367. 
 
 In the ages of chivalry, the usage of the bow was con- 
 sidered as an essential part of the education of a young 
 man who wished to make a figure in life. The heroes of 
 
 i 
 
114 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 romance are therefore usually praised for their skill in 
 archery, and Chaucer, with propriety, says of Sir Thopas, 
 " He was a good archere." — Cant. Tales. Indeed of such 
 consequence was excellence in this art esteemed, that Sir 
 John Fortescue, an eminent lawyer in the reign of Henry 
 the Sixth, declares " that the mighte of the rcalmes of 
 Englande standyth upon archers." 
 
 The first Charles seems to have amused himself in this 
 way, he is represented in the frontispiece of " Markham's 
 Art of Archery," London, 1634, in the attitude and dress 
 of a bowman. The amusement was continued during the 
 reign of the second Charles, who took great delight in it, 
 and even knighted a man for excelling as an excellent 
 shot; and the second James, sometimes attended at exhi- 
 bitions of shooting. The Artillery Company of Finsbury 
 Archers, have survived to the present time : except in that 
 society, the bow, till within these fifty years was very 
 little known in the kingdom. Archery possesses many 
 excellencies as an amusement ; it is adapted to every age 
 and every degree of strength, by increasing or diminishing 
 the power of the bow. It is not necessarily laborious, as 
 it may be discontiued at the moment it becomes fatiguing. 
 As archery is now followed for amusement only, I subjoin 
 a wish, that this fashion may be universally cultivated and 
 approved, and that we may live to see the time, when, with 
 Statius it can be said, 
 
 " Pudor est nescire sagittas." 
 " It is a reproach to be unskilful with the bow." 
 
 With respect to the decay of the practice of archery in 
 Brentford Butts, it may be attributed principally to the 
 inclosures made near the spot, and by the gradual increase 
 of buildings, by which the inhabitants of the town and 
 neighbourhood have been deprived of room sufficient for 
 the purpose of shooting with bows, so that it now retains 
 an inapplicable name, and it may with certainty be 
 asserted, that no exhibitions of this description have taken 
 place there since the time of Charles the Second. Like 
 other localities in London, as the " Strand," and the 
 
CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 115 
 
 " Mews," its former appropriation is preserved only by 
 an inapplicable name. 
 
 Election of Members of Parliament.— In the pre- 
 ceding pages the reader has beheld scenes of sport and 
 amusement carried on betwixt rivals, in an innocent and 
 healthy diversion, accompanied by good will and mutual 
 moderation. Let us now behold candidates of a far diffe- 
 rent nature, rivals in political ambition, whose aim was 
 popular apjnause, and parliamentary distinction. 
 
 1768. As soon as the British Parliament was dissolved, 
 the thoughts and business of the whole nation appeared 
 to be confined to one object, the choice of representatives ; 
 and never perhaps, was any general election carried on 
 with greater heat and violence in most parts of the king- 
 dom. The arts of intrigue, the efforts of faction, the 
 utmost stretch of interest and authority, were exerted in 
 the contests between the rival candidates. 
 
 It would be a painful task, to enumerate all the instances 
 of popular frenzy and political depravity, that occurred 
 on these occasions ; but Brentford election was attended 
 with such extraordinary circumstances as to deserve 
 particular notice. 
 
 Long previously to this period, Wilkes, by his flight from 
 public justice had provoked the severest sentence of the 
 House of Commons, and his private affairs also were at 
 this time in the most desperate situation ; but, on seeing 
 that the tide of popularity was taking a turn so much to 
 his advantage, he determined to make a bold attempt to 
 benefit by it, sensible that if it failed of success, the conse- 
 quences could not place him in a worse state than that in 
 which he was already. 
 
 In the month of March, 1768, he therefore offered 
 himself as Member for Middlesex. During the Election 
 at Brentford the mob behaved outrageously, and com- 
 mitted many excesses. During the tumult which occurred 
 at the Butts, George Clark, a clerk to an attorney, 
 received a blow on his head of which he died, and for 
 
116 MI STORY OF BEENTFOED. 
 
 which crime Edward Quirk and Lawrence Balfour were 
 afterwards tried at the Old Bailey. 
 
 1768, March 28. This morning Sir "William Beauchamp 
 Proctor, and Mr. Wilkes, two of the Candidates for the 
 County of Middlesex, set out for Brentford, where the 
 election came on for Knights of the Shire. Mr. Wilkes 
 went in a coach drawn by six horses, and was attended by 
 an amazing number of people to the place of election, 
 which was held in the middle of Brentford Butts. The 
 majority of hands appeared in favour of Sir William Beau- 
 champ Proctor, and Mr. Wilkes, who were accordingly 
 returned, but a poll being demanded in behalf of Mr. 
 Cooke, the same came on immediately ; and at five in the 
 afternoon Mr. Wilkes had polled six to one, at nine 
 o'clock the poll finally closed, when George Cooke, Esq. 
 and Mr. Wilkes were declared duly elected.* 
 
 The mob behaved in a very outrageous manner at Hyde 
 Park Corner, where they pelted Mr. Cooke, son of the 
 City Marshal, and knocked him from his horse, took off 
 the wheels of one of the carriages, and broke the glasses 
 to pieces. The reason assigned for these proceedings is, 
 that a flag was carried before the procession of Mr. Wilkes' 
 antagonists, on which was painted "no blasphemer." 
 
 At night, likewise, the rabble were very tumultuous, 
 some persons who had voted in favour of Mr. Wilkes, 
 having put out the lights, the mob paraded the whole town 
 obliging every body to illuminate, and breaking the win- 
 dows of such as did not do so immediately. The windows of 
 the Mansion House in particular were demolished, to the 
 amount of many hundred pounds. They demolished also 
 the windows of Lord Bute, Lord Egremont, Sir Sampson 
 Gideon, Sir William Mayne, and many other gentlemen, 
 at Charing Cross ; at the Duke of Northumberland's the 
 mob also broke a few panes, but his Grace had the address 
 to get rid of them, by ordering up lights immediately into 
 his windows, and opening the Ship alehouse. 
 
 * Annual Register, I7(i£. 
 
CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 117 
 
 The following is a copy of the hand bill distributed by 
 Mr. Wilkes's friends at Brentford. 
 
 " It is the humble request of Mr. Wilkes to his friends, 
 that they would not disturb the peace, or prevent the 
 voters coming to the place of polling to give their free 
 votes, for whatever candidate they think proper." 
 
 1768, Dec. o. This morning the sheriffs opened the 
 poll for a knight of the shire at Brentford, which was 
 carried on with much tranquility till about a quarter after 
 two, at which time it was generally thought that Mr. Ser- 
 jeant Glynn had polled a greater number than Sir W. B. 
 Proctor, when on a sudden a great riot ensued, the mob 
 mounted the hustings, attempted to seize some of the poll- 
 books, and entirely put a stop to the business. On this 
 occasion, great numbers of freeholders were hurt in trying 
 to get away, others came home directly, and the remainder 
 of the day was a scene of confusion. The following 
 spirited address appeared the next day : — ce To the Gentle- 
 men, Clergy, and Freeholders of the county of Middlesex. 
 The warm professions of gratitude, so frequently uttered 
 by those who feel no gratitude to their constituents, because 
 the means by which they succeed take off all obligation, 
 make me at a loss for terms to express myself on so signal, 
 so generous, and so glorious a support as I have met with 
 from you. Every means employed, every influence 
 exerted during a six months canvass, have not yet been 
 able to divert a great majority of you from espousing the 
 cause of a candidate whom you supposed a friend to the 
 cause of the people, and in whom you hoped to find a zealous 
 defender of the rights and liberties of his country. 
 
 " The sheriffs, and every person present, were witnesses 
 of a scene never before exhibited at an election. A 
 desperate set of ruffians, with liberty and Proctor in their 
 hats, without the least opposition, without the least provo- 
 cation, or cause of quarrel, destroying those who did not 
 lift a hand in their defence. Sir William, to whom I 
 called to go with me and face this mob, made me no 
 answer, and left me : I remained the last man upon the 
 hustings. 
 
118 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 "It is at present depending before the House of Com- 
 mons, what measures shall be next pursued in regard to 
 this election. When they have decided, I will give you 
 the earliest possible notice, and I promise you, that no 
 discouragement shall ever make me desert you, who have 
 shewn that you will not desert yourselves, 
 
 " I am, Gentlemen, your most grateful, faithful, 
 ci humble servant, 
 " Bloomsbury Square, ec John Glynn." 
 
 " Bee. 9, 1768." 
 
 1769, Jan. 14th. Edward McQuirk and Lawrence Balf, 
 were indicted for having been present, aiding and abetting 
 in the wilful murder of George Clark, clerk to an attorney, 
 at the late election at Brentford, where, in the riot and 
 tumult he received a blow on his head with a bludgeon, 
 of which he died in a few days. On the trial it appeared 
 that the prisoners were hired, with others, previous to the 
 day of election, for the purpose of keeping the peace, and 
 assisting Sir W. B. Proctor's friends at the poll ; that for 
 some time the poll went on with the greatest regularity, 
 but that all at once the prisoners with others, began in a 
 most outrageous manner to knock down all who came in 
 the way. 
 
 There were many evidences in Balf 's favour, it appearing 
 that he was rather drawn in than a principal ; his council 
 considered it unnecessary to examine a number of creditable 
 housekeepers, who were ready to be produced to his 
 character. The judge was very humane in his charge 
 relative to him, and it seemed to be a disappointment to 
 some in court, when the verdict was pronounced both 
 guilty. Judge Aston humanely observed, that in a case 
 where the lives of two persons were concerned, he would 
 not pretend at once to determine without the clearest 
 conviction. He said he had therefore weighed all the 
 circumstances very minutely relative to the affair, and had 
 the pleasure of having his opinion corroborated by Lord 
 Chief Justice Baron Parker, Judge Gould, and Mr. 
 Recorder ; he was therefore clear, he said, in the indict- 
 
CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 119 
 
 ment being valid. Mr. Recorder then proceeded to pass 
 sentence, previous to which, he hoped, that the fate of 
 these two unhappy persons -would be a warning to all 
 rioters ; as nothing, he said, could be more destructive to 
 the laws of society, particularly to elections, the essence of 
 English freedom, and that the procurors (if any were there) 
 howsoever dignified, as well as the procured, were not- 
 exempt, by our laws, from this catastrophe.* 
 
 March loth, 1769, came on at Brentford the second re- 
 election of a knight of the shire, when Charles Dingley, 
 Esq. made an offer to oppose the popular candidate, but 
 being very roughly handled by the populace, he was 
 advised to retire, upon which Mr. Wilkes was chosen a 
 third time, without opposition. But the election held at 
 Brentford was declared null and void, and a new writ 
 was ordered to be issued. 
 
 April 18. At about half-past nine the election came on 
 at Brentford, the candidates were Mr. Wilkes, Mr. Luttrell, 
 Mr. Roake, and Mr. Sergeant Whitaker. After the writ 
 and the act of bribery were read, Mr. Sawbridge spoke in 
 substance : " That the affair in point was now a dispute 
 
 between a n and the freeholders of Middlesex, that 
 
 since the former election there had been a meetino- of the 
 supporters of the bill of rights, wherein he had the honour 
 to take the chair, and it was resolved to support Mr. 
 Wilkes's cause as the cause of liberty, he hoped that they 
 would now stand forth, as they had already done, in such 
 a cause, and he concluded by hoping that the friends of 
 Mr. Wilkes would equally shew themselves friends to 
 peace and good order. " 
 
 At four in the afternoon the poll was closed, when the 
 numbers were declared. 
 
 The procession of the different bodies of freeholders on 
 horseback through Charing Cross, Pall Mall, Piccadillv, 
 &c. lasted two hours, some bodies consisted of several 
 hundreds each, all with music playing, colours flying, 
 
 * Annual Register. 1769, p. 00, 
 
120 HISTORY OF BREXTFORD. 
 
 and their hats decorated with blue ribbons, inscribed with 
 the words " Magna Charta and the Bill of Rights." 
 
 After the poll was over, a number of horsemen, with 
 colours flying, and music playing, attended by several 
 thousand people, went through St. James's Street, the 
 Strand, and over London Bridge to the King's Bench, 
 to congratulate Mr. Wilkes on his success. 
 
 14th. The election of John Wilkes, Esq. was again 
 declared null and void. 
 
 16th. After long debates which lasted till three o'clock 
 this morning, Henry Laws Luttrell, Esq. was declared 
 duly elected for Middlesex, and has since taken his scat 
 in parliament accordingly. 
 
 May 8. The grand question on the petition of the Mid- 
 dlesex electors was decided in the House of Commons in 
 favour of Colonel Luttrell, who was then declared the 
 sitting member, on a majority of legal votes, the first 
 precedent of the kind in the Journals of the House. At 
 Hickes's Hall, a bill of indictment was found by the grand 
 jury of Middlesex, against Edward McQuirk, for the 
 murder of George Hopkins, on the 8th of last December, 
 at Brentford. This is the same man who was lately tried 
 and convicted for the murder of George Clarke at the 
 same time and place, and received his Majesty's pardon. 
 A reward of one hundred pounds is advertized for taking 
 him* 
 
 1780, Sept. 4. A County Court was held at Brentford, 
 for the election of two members to represent the county 
 of Middlesex in the ensuing parliament. About 11 o'clock 
 the under sheriff opened the business upon a temporary 
 hustings built for that purpose, and after reading the writ 
 and the act of parliament respecting the modes of election, 
 John Wilkes and George Byng, Esqrs. were proposed as 
 candidates by Mr. Scott, and Mr. Foster, no other person 
 being noticed, these gentlemen were declared unanimously 
 elected. 
 
 * Annual Register, 1769 
 
CONTESTED COUNTY ELECTIONS. 121 
 
 1790, June 29th. John Wilkes, Esq. having declined 
 standing for Middlesex in consequence of the unfavourable 
 reception he met with at a previous meeting of the free- 
 holders at Hackney, Walter Mainwaring and George 
 Byng, Esqrs. were elected representatives of the county, 
 at Brentford. 
 
 At this election, Mr. Wilkes met with the most humi- 
 liating rebuff and contempt from the very county, and those 
 very people of whom he had been so long the idol; but to 
 use his own metaphor, his " nest was so well feathered 
 with the pluckings of his favourite goose," that he could 
 easily console himself for the loss of unmerited popularity. 
 
 " But when lie dreadful to the rabble grew 
 Him, whom so many lords had slain, they slew." 
 
 Dry den's Juv. Sat. iv. 
 
 1796, Aug. 8th. The poll for the county of Middlesex, 
 was this day closed, and after a long consultation and 
 hearing of counsel on both sides, the sheriff declared Mr. 
 Mainwaring to be duly elected. 
 
 Towards night, symptoms of riot were manifested ; the 
 mob attacked Mr. G. Gibbons as he was passing along 
 privately, and obliged him to take refuge in a tradesman's 
 shop ; the mob became violent, and the Guards were sent 
 for, who carried Mr. Gibbons to Hatton Garden Police 
 office, from which he was discharged, for having fired off 
 his pistols at the mob.* 
 
 1802, Feb. 19th. The Middlesex election came on this 
 day at Brentford, the candidates are, Mr. Byng, Mr. 
 Mainwaring, and Sir Francis Burdett. The town pre- 
 sented a shameful scene of confusion and riot during the 
 poll, nor could Mr. Mainwaring obtain a hearing from the 
 noisy mob. During the heat of the poll, the populace 
 amused themselves in a variety of whims, one of which, 
 was the exhibition of a man placed upon the shoulders of 
 another, handcuffed and heavily ironed, while another 
 was employed in flogging him with a tremendous cat 'o 
 * Annual Resistor, 1790. 
 
122 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 nine-tails, and the man who received the punishment, by 
 the contortions of his countenance seemed to experience 
 all the miseries which such a mode of punishment inflicts 
 The shops were all shut in' Brentford, and the road 
 leading to London was lined on each side with crowds of 
 idle spectators. It is impossible for any but those who 
 have witnessed a Middlesex election, to conceive the 
 picture it exhibited, — it was a continued scene of riot, 
 disorder, and tumult.* 
 
 1804/ July 25th The Middlesex election came on this 
 day. So early as six o'clock a vast crowd of spectators 
 lined the way along Piccadilly and the road to Brentford. 
 About seven o'clock, Sir Francis Burdett set out for the 
 place in his carriage and four horses, preceded by seven 
 outriders carrying large banners of blue silk, on which were 
 written in letters of gold, " Burdett and Independence." 
 The banners were hailed in every street by the vocifi- 
 rations of the mob. 
 
 About 10 o'clock, G. B. Mainwaring, Esq. arrived at 
 the hustings, with two postillions in scarlet liveries, 
 trimmed with silver, followed by ten carriages filled with 
 his friends, all of whom wore sky blue favours. The colours 
 of Sir Francis Burdett, were dark blue and orange. Mr. 
 Mainwaring and his friends, were in many instances ill 
 treated by the rabble in the interest of his opponent, who 
 threw stones and otherwise annoyed his respectable party. 
 P. Moore, Esq. member for Coventry, proposed Sir Francis 
 Burdett to the electors for the representation of Middlesex, 
 and was seconded by Mr. Knight. Mr. Mainwaring was 
 afterwards proposed by Alderman Sir William Curtis, and 
 the nomination was seconded by Colonel Wood. 
 
 Each candidate endeavoured to address the poj:>ulace, 
 but scarcely any thing of what was advanced by Mr. 
 Mainwaring could be heard above the incessant hissing. 
 The shew of hands, of course, was much in favour of Sir 
 Francis Burdett, when . a poll was demanded by the 
 
 * Animal Register, 1802. 
 
THE BRIDGE. 123 
 
 friends of the opposite candidate, and at the close of 
 Monday evening, the numbers were as usual declared. 
 
 1806, Feb. 8th. This morning the committee appointed 
 to try the merits of the Middlesex election assembled, the 
 Right Honorable J. Corry, in the chair. No opposition 
 was made by Sir Francis Burdett to the petition of Mr. 
 Mainwaring, and two of the votes of the former being 
 disqualified, the latter was returned duly elected.* 
 
 County Town. — It is said that if elections have been 
 held for forty years in a particular town, it becomes the 
 county town.f 
 
 The Bridge. — A bridge has existed here from a very 
 early period, and a few particulars relating to its ancient 
 history, derived from authentic documents may be deemed 
 interesting : — J 
 
 In the year 1280, Edward the First, by letters patent 
 bearing date the 4th of December, in the ninth year of his 
 reign, granted to the high sheriff, and others of the county 
 of Middlesex, for the maintenance of Braynford Bridge 
 and the benefit of the adjacent parts, a custom of pontage 
 of several things and persons therein particularly men- 
 tioned, to be taken within the said village, from the Feast 
 of the Purification, for three years thence next ensuing. 
 
 In the year 1332, Edward the Third, by his letters 
 patent, bearing date February 26th, in the fifth year of his 
 reign, granted to the bailiffs and others of the. village of 
 Braynford for the repairing of the bridge of this village, 
 pontage of several things therein particularly mentioned 
 
 * See the state of the Poll at the several Elections, pp. 37 — 12. 
 
 + Gent. Mag. 1806. p. 1006. 
 
 I Leland, speaking of Brentford, says, there is a bridge over Brent ryverel 
 of three arches, and an hospital btiilded of bricke on the further side of it. 
 Kin. vol. ii. p. 1. 
 
 Upon the bed of the river being deepened some time since by the Grand 
 Junction Water Works Company, the piles of the old wooden bridge were 
 found and drawn out, they were very black and quite sound. Aungier's Topog. 
 of Isleworth, p. "216. 
 
1#4 HISTORf OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 for passing over the said bridge, to be received by such 
 persons of the village as they had confidence in, for three 
 years ensuing the date of these presents. 
 
 In the year 1372, Edward the Third, by his letters 
 patent, dated November the 6th, granted to the bailiffs 
 and others of Braynford for the repairing of the bridge, 
 pontage of several things therein particularly mentioned, 
 and of any thing vendible not specified therein, of the 
 value of five shillings, passing over the said bridge, to be 
 received by such persons in whom they could confide, to 
 continue for five years. 
 
 In the year 1380, Richard the Second by his letters 
 patent, dated March 2, in the fourth year of his reign, 
 granted to John Croucher of Knightsbridge, towards the 
 repairing of the king's highways from the City of London 
 to Braynford, customs of the several vendible commodities 
 therein mentioned, (ecclesiastical men and their proj^er 
 goods bought for their use excepted) to be taken at 
 Knightsbridge, or elsewhere, as he shall think expedient 
 in the king's highway, for three years next ensuing. 
 
 In the year 1382, Richard the Second renewed a like 
 patent to John Croucher for the same cause, to continue 
 for three years next ensuing. 
 
 In the year 1386, Richard the Second renewed a like 
 patent, dated July 4th, to John Croucher and Lawrence 
 Newport, or either of them for the same cause, to continue 
 for three years without the exception of ecclesiastical 
 persons. And the money so gathered to be laid out in 
 repairs of the said highways, at the supervisal of Goff and 
 John de Saundford.* 
 
 Brentford Bridge is built of stone, with one arch, it is 
 thirty-four feet wide between the parapits, the water way 
 under the bridge is fifty feet wide, and fifteen feet high to 
 the summit within the arch. 
 
 It was rebuilt of brick and stone by the county, in 1740, 
 
 but being placed directly across the river which here takes 
 
 an oblique direction, occasioned the bridge to form an 
 
 irregular line, making sharp angles with the road, and it 
 
 * Report of Public Bridges, County of Middlesex. Loud. !*•->(>. 
 
THE BRIDGE. 125 
 
 was consequently extremely inconvenient and dangerous. 
 For half a century it was a constant subject of complaint 
 with the public; at length, in 1811, the trustees of the 
 road incurred a considerable expence in widening a part 
 of the bridge with timber to double its former breadth, for 
 the purpose of reducing one of the angles ; after which 
 the county in like manner expended a large sum in further 
 improvements at the opposite angle. Yet, notwithstanding 
 all these expedients, it Avas found that the evil was not 
 removed. But in the year 1824, a general concurrence 
 was obtained for the erection of a substantial and commo- 
 dious bridge at the expence of the county, so important 
 in this great thoroughfare to the safety of the public. The 
 maintenance of this bridge is at the charge of the county. 
 The section across the stream at flood height could not be 
 correctly ascertained from the locks damming up the 
 water, but the section at Hanwell bridge being 220 feet, 
 it may be estimated at Brentford bridge about 242 super- 
 ficial feet.* 
 
 PATENT. 
 
 Of certain Custom Duties \ The King to the Sheriff of 
 Ranted for the Building of «[ MiddleseXj Nicho l as de North . 
 Brtd(/e at Braynford. 
 
 j ampton, and to the good men of 
 the county of Middlesex, Greeting: Know ye that we 
 have granted unto you in aid of building your bridge at 
 Braynford, and for the convenience of adjacent places, the 
 under-mentioned tolls, from the Feast of the Purification of 
 the blessed Virgin, in the ninth year of our reign, for 
 the three years next following complete, to be taken at 
 our before-mentioned town, as well as within certain 
 liberties as without, to wit ; for every cart load of building 
 materials for sale, one halfpenny; for every quarter of 
 corn for sale, one farthing; for every cask of wine 
 for sale, cart or waggon load, four pence; for every 
 quarter of salt, one farthing ; for every cart bringing fish 
 
 * Report of Public Bridges, County of Middlesex. Loud. 1826. 
 
126 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 for sale, two pence ; for every horse or mare, ox or cow, 
 for sale, one halfpenny ; for every horse's or mare's hide, 
 ox or cow's hide, one farthing ; for every cart or wheel- 
 barrow coming to the same place, one farthing ; for every 
 ten fleeces of wool sold at the same place, one halfpenny ; 
 for every score of sheep or pigs sold at the same place, 
 One penny ; for every load of leaks or onions for sale, four 
 pence ; for every cask of honey for sale, four pence ; 
 for every load of iron or lead for sale, a halfpenny ; for 
 every bundle of cloth taken to the same place, one 
 penny ; for every hundred yards of linen cloth or canvas 
 for sale, one penny. We also grant unto you in aid afore- 
 said, for every Jew or Jewess* on horseback, passing over 
 the aforesaid bridge, one penny ; and for every Jew or 
 Jewess on foot, one halfpenny ; for every cart load of 
 merchandize, one halfpenny; and for the aid aforesaid, 
 and for the collecting and keeping in manner aforesaid, 
 we have appointed our well-beloved Thomas de Wyk, 
 John de Osterle, Thomas Tornegold, William de Newman, 
 Robert Tornegold, John Sewell, that they may be 
 accountable faithfully unto you tAvice in every year for 
 the monies arising from the aforesaid tolls ; and for the 
 aid aforesaid and for the collecting and keeping in manner 
 aforesaid, we have appointed our well beloved that they 
 may be accountable faithfully unto you twice in every 
 year, for the money arising from the tolls aforesaid, and 
 that upon your receipt, the money shall be given up for 
 the carrying on of the works of the aforesaid bridge, but 
 
 * The poor Jew could not even pass over the bridge without being sub- 
 jected to a fine ! with what pathos and sympathy does the Poet allude to the 
 •cruel treatment and sufferings of the Hebrew nation in a barbarous and 
 unfeeling age. 
 
 See the doom'd Hebrew of his stores bereft, 
 
 See holy murder justify the theft, 
 
 His ravag'd gold some useless sbrine shall raise. 
 
 His gems on superstitious idols blaze ; 
 
 His wife, his babe, deny'd their little home, 
 
 Stripp'd, starv'd, unfriended, and unpity'd roam. 
 
 Savage to Sir Robert Wat pole. 
 
THE BRIDGE. 127 
 
 at the end of the aforesaid term of three years, the tolls 
 shall cease utterly and be abolished.* 
 
 Witnessed by the King at Westminster, the fourth day 
 of December. 
 
 PATENT. 
 
 De quadam consuetudine \ Rex vicecorniti Middlesex' Nicboli dejNorth- 
 concessa ad pontem de Brayn- -ampton'et probis hominibus comitatus Middle- 
 foreP faciendum. ) sex' salutem. Sciatis quod concessimus vobis 
 
 in auxilium pontis vestri de Braynford. et ad utilitatem partium adjacentium 
 consuetudinem quandain subscriptam a festo Purificationis beatae Mariae anno 
 regni nostri nono usque ad finem trium annorum proximo sequentium comple- 
 torum infra praedictam villain restrain capiendam tarn de infra libertates quas- 
 cumque quam extra videlicet de qualibet carecta carcata maeremio borda vel 
 busca venali unnm obolum, de quolibet quarterio bladi venali nnum qua- 
 drantem de quolibet dolio vini venali careato vel discarcato in praedicta villa 
 quatuor denarios, de quolibet quarterio salis venali unum quadrantein, de 
 qualibet carecta fereute piscera venalem duos denarios, de quolibet equo vel 
 equa bove vel vacca venali unum obolum, de qualibet corio equi vel equae 
 bovis vel vaccae venali unum quadrantem, de qualibet carecta vel rotis vena- 
 libus ibidem venientibus unum quadrentem, de decern velleribus ibidem 
 venditis unum obolum, de viginti ovibus vel porcis ibidem venditis unum 
 denarium, de qualibet summa alleae vel ceparum venali unum obolum, de 
 quolibet sacco lanae venali quatuor denarios, de quolibet dolio mellis venali 
 quatuor denarios, de qualibet carecta plumbi vel ferri venali unum obolum, 
 de quolibet trussello pannorum ibidem ducto unum denarium, de qualibet 
 centena ulnarum linei panni vel canevacii venali unum denarium. Conces- 
 simus etiam vobis in auxilium prae die turn de qualibet Judaeo vel Judaea equite 
 pontem praedictum transeunte unum denarium, et de quolibet Judaeo vel 
 Judaea pedite unum obolum, et de qualibet carecta carcata mercandisis unum 
 obolum. Et ad consuetudinem praedictam in forma praedicta colligendam et 
 custodiendam assignavimus dilectos nobis Tbomam de Wyk' Johannem de 
 Osterle, Tbomam Tornegold', Willielmum de Newmam, Robertum Tornegold 
 et Jobannem Sewell. Ita quod ipsi de receptione pecuniae provenientis do 
 consuetudine praedicta vobis bis per annum fideliter respondeant, et per testi- 
 monium vestrum liberetur pecunia ilia ad operationes pontis praedicti faciendas, 
 completo vero termino pra3dictorum trium annorum consuetudo praedicta 
 penitus cesset deleatur. 
 
 In cujus rei testimonium teste rege apud Westmonasterium quarto die 
 Decembris. 
 
 * Bot. Patent. 9 Edw. I. Anno 1281. 
 
128 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Association of the Church Missionary Society — Saint Georges' Chapel 
 and Charities, Old Brentford— Places of Worship not Parochial — Baptist 
 Chapel, Old Brentford — Chapel of Particular Baptists, Market Place — 
 Boston Road Chapel — Albany Chapel — Brentford British Schools — British 
 and Foreign Bible Society — Brentford Mechanic's Institution — Brentford 
 Poor Law Union and Workhouse. 
 
 An Association of the Church Missionary Society, 
 was formed here in 1844, called the Brentford and South 
 West Middlesex Church Missionary Auxiliary, under 
 the presidency of Henry Pownall, Esq. of Spring Grove, 
 Hounslow. 
 
 St. George's Chapel, Old Brentford. — This Chapel 
 was built in 1762, by Messrs. Trimmer, Clark, Newton, 
 Fisher, and others, at their own expense. 
 
 In the year 1824, it was made free by the aid of the 
 copyholders, who sold some waste lands to the amount of 
 £1200. together with the sanction of the Bishop of 
 London, and the aid of the parliamentary funds ; it was 
 accordingly enlarged, re-opened and consecrated for divine 
 service on the 28th of January, 1828, when also the 
 baptisms were appointed to be there performed, instead 
 of at Ealing, as heretofore. 
 
 St. George's Chapel is in the form of an oblong square, 
 built of brick with a slated roof, a belfry over the centre 
 with a clock. It was built after a design of Mr. Kirby, 
 and is a pleasing specimen of his skill. 
 
 The south front consists of a projecting centre and two 
 wings. The entrance is through a circular headed door 
 way, with a square window on each side, over which are 
 three smaller windows, the whole surmounted by a pedi- 
 ment. In each wing is a large circular headed window. 
 At the west side is a circular headed window similar to 
 
st. george's chapel. 129 
 
 those in the south front, and on the north are four similar 
 windows ; and a square window lights the projecting 
 building in this front. 
 
 The interior is fitted up with galleries, on the north and 
 south sides. At the west end are two galleries, called the 
 upper and lower school (room) galleries, which are sup- 
 ported by slender pillars. 
 
 The organ is placed at the west end, between the gal- 
 leries ; the former organ was placed over the great south 
 door. 
 
 On the front of the lower west gallery is the following 
 inscription, and the king's arms, gilt : 
 
 " This organ was erected by voluntary contributions, and 
 the chapel was painted and embellished at the expense of 
 the parish, in the year of our Lord 1833. 
 
 " The Rev. F. E. Thompson, B.A. Minister. 
 
 rr ■»*■ r Churchwardens" 
 
 JLhomas Me acock J 
 
 The Altar Piece, composed of wood, painted in imitation 
 of marble, consists of a centre and two wings, surmounted 
 with a pediment, and embellished with Ionic pilasters, 
 and handsome carved work. The wings are terminated 
 by Ionic pilasters supporting urns. 
 
 In the centre is a large well executed painting of the 
 Last Supper : in the upper part of which is represented 
 an angel supporting a cross, and surrounded by cherubim. 
 This Altar Piece, which is deserving of much admiration, 
 was painted by and presented to the chapel by John 
 ZofTani, Esq., when the chapel was first built. This 
 eminent artist at that time resided at Strand-on-the-Green. 
 
 Every head in the picture, (excepting that of Christ,) is 
 a likeness. Here is a portrait of ZofTani himself. The others 
 were taken from likenesses of living persons of Strand-on- 
 the-Green, and Old Brentford. 
 
 The Communion Table is plain, and on each side are 
 painted in gold letters the Ten Commandments, on a white 
 ground. The balustrades project in the middle in a semi- 
 circular form. The whole of this elaborate Altar Piece has 
 a beautiful effect. The pulpit stands in front of the 
 
130 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Communion Table. The Pews occupy the centre of trie 
 Chapel, and the spaces under the Galleries. The Chapel 
 is warmed by six gas stoves, three on the north, and three 
 on the south side. The only monumental inscription in 
 this Chapel is the following, on the north Avail near the 
 west end, consisting of a plain marble tablet in shape of 
 a sarcophagus : 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of William Henry Drew, 
 Whose remains are deposited in the vault of this Chapel. He departed this 
 life on the 9th day of December, 1831, in the 20th year of his age. 
 The following verses are inscribed by an attached friend as a tribute of 
 affection to the deceased. 
 
 Shall his merits or his faults declare, 
 
 Not oui^s to judge the uncertain road he trod, 
 Heav'n seem'd to sanction him with special care, 
 
 And guide him in the path that leads to God. 
 Few seem'd his failings, not to him the praise, 
 
 'Twas heav'n he bless'd for what in life was giv'n ; 
 Grievous afflictions are his shorten'd days, 
 
 He died, his parent's hope — his hope was heav'n. 
 
 The building adjoining the north front of the Chapel, 
 and a public vault beneath, capable of containing about 
 forty coffins, and the two upper school galleries were 
 erected out of the proceeds of a sale of waste land at 
 Ealing appropriated to that purpose by the consent of the 
 Bishop of London. The north and south galleries were 
 erected by voluntary contributions. 
 
 In 183-7, a licence was obtained for the solemnization 
 of marriages in this Chapel, by virtue of the provisions of 
 a certain Act of Parliament passed in the seventh year of 
 King William the Fourth, entituled " An Act for Mar- 
 riages in England." 
 
 " Given at London under our hand and seal, this fifteenth 
 day of August, in the year of our Lord, one thousand 
 eight hundred and thirty-seven, and in the ninth year of 
 our translation, 
 
 " C. J. London." 
 
 The district of St. George's Chapel, is bounded on the 
 
THE INFANT SCHOOL. 131 
 
 north by a line commencing at, and including the house 
 of G. Oliver, Esq. in Boston Road, and passes Windmill 
 Lane, Drum Lane, and the Clay Ponds, to a point in 
 Bollow Bridge Lane ; on the south it is bounded by the 
 River Thames, the parish of Chiswick and Acton, and on 
 the west, by the township of New Brentford. 
 
 Mr. John Joshua Kirby, the talented Architect of this 
 handsome Chapel, was a native of Pasham, in Suffolk, 
 who, from the humble condition of a house painter, raised 
 himself by his talents and industry to a respectable rank 
 among the artists of his day, and was elected a fellow of 
 both the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. He was born 
 in 1716, and first attracted public notice by a series of 
 drawings which he published, taken from the monumental 
 and other antiquities of the county in which he lived. A 
 Treatise on Perspective, which he edited in 1774, increased 
 his reputation, and introduced him to the knowledge of 
 the Earl of Bute, through whose interest he was appointed 
 drawing master to Queen Charlotte, and Clerk of the 
 Works at Kew Palace. His other writings are " The 
 Perspective of Architecture," 2 vols, folio, 1761, printed 
 at the expence of King George the Third. " A Map of 
 Suffolk," 1766, originally drawn by his father. He is 
 also known as the father of the celebrated Mrs. Trimmer. 
 Mr. Kirby died June 21st, 1774, aged 58, and is buried 
 in Kew churchyard.* 
 
 On the west side of the Chapel stands the Girls' School, 
 called the Green School, founded by Mrs. Trimmer, 
 whose educational works have been so eminently useful 
 in the instruction of the poor, a brick building with six 
 windows on the east side, looking into the churchyard. 
 
 The following is over the door on the south front ; — 
 
 The Cliurcli School, 
 
 Instituted in the year 1786, 
 
 For religious instruction and industry. Supported by Annual Subscriptions, 
 
 and Benefactions, and the produce of the Children's work. 
 
 The Infant School. — This building, consisting of a 
 
 * Chalmers's Biog. Diet. 
 
132 HISTORY OF liRESTFORD. 
 
 school-room and a commodious dwelling-house, was raised 
 in 1887, by voluntary contributions, with the assistance 
 of grants from the Treasury, and the National Society. 
 The school-room is calculated to hold 170 infants ; and 
 the income of the school arises from subscriptions and 
 collections made at St. George's Chapel. The trustees 
 of this school are, the Vicar of Ealing, and the Minister 
 of Old Brentford (for the time being) J. Howard, Esq., 
 G. "W. Andrews, Esq., and the Rev. E. Trimmer. 
 
 The Sunday Schools. — A Sunday School was re-estab- 
 lished in 1839, and the children assembled in the Infant 
 School. In the autumn of 1844, however, the numbers 
 had increased to such an extent as to render it inconvenient 
 to have all the children meet in the School Room, 
 there were two schools formed therefore ; the children of 
 the upper school meeting in the girl's school, and those 
 of the lower, in the infant school. The numbers on the 
 books are about 300 ; those in attendance about 230 : the 
 teachers are all voluntary, and exceed thirty in number. 
 
 Visiting Society. — A Society for visiting and relieving 
 the sick and lying-in poor, has been in operation for some 
 years, having been established in 1832. It is supported 
 entirely by voluntary contributions, and accomplishes a 
 great amount of good, above 200 persons receiving relief 
 and nourishment in the course of each year. 
 
 Incumbents, or Ministers of this Chapel. 
 1795. Rev. H. Plimley. 
 1810. Rev. J. Nicholas, LL.D. 
 
 Rev. W. Meyers. 
 1828. Rev. H. W. Simpson, M.A. 
 1830. Rev. F. E. Thomson, B.A. 
 
 The Baptist Chapel, Old Brentford, was opened 
 on January the 1st. 1819, the Church was formed at 
 Mr. Upperdine's Chapel, at Hammersmith, often persons, 
 on January 19th, 1820. Mr. David Jones of Hereford, 
 

 BOSTON ROAD CHAPEL. 1-33 
 
 was ordained pastor, who continued with the people one 
 year and then left, and the Church was destitute till 
 February, 1825, when Mr. J. A Jones, of Ringstead, was 
 settled as pastor among them, and continued about six 
 years and a half, and then resigned his office, and was 
 succeeded by Mr. C. Robinson of Hampstead, who laboured 
 among them thirteen years. The Church is now destitute. 
 The number of members uniting with each other during 
 three years was 172, many of whom are fallen asleep. The 
 present number is 71. 
 
 The Church of the Particular Baptist's Deno- 
 mination was formed in the year 1802, the Rev. Moses 
 Fisher was the pastor. In the year 1808, the present 
 Chapel Avas built, the erection of which devolved upon 
 the late Rev. John Barter Pewtress, of London, and Mr. 
 Alexander Wood, of Brentford. The Chapel was supplied 
 by various ministers until the settlement of Mr. Groser, 
 in the year 1820. Since his decease it has been supplied 
 by various ministers. The Rev. Thomas Smith is the 
 minister at the present time. The Sunday School consists 
 of boys and girls. This Chapel is situated at the north- 
 west corner of the Market place. 
 
 Boston Road Chapel. — The foundation stone of this 
 edifice was laid the 12th of August, 1782. The Rev. 
 Matthew Bradshaw, whose remains are deposited in the 
 burial ground of the Chapel, delivered an address on the 
 occasion. 
 
 The property was put in trust for the use of " Protest- 
 ants dissenting from the Church of England." 
 
 The Society, or Church and Congregation that occupied 
 the Chapel had previously worshipped in a Meeting-house 
 opposite Ferry Lane, long since pulled down ; and on the 
 site of which, shops are now built. They had subsisted 
 as a body regularly organized, having a settled pastor, and 
 keeping a Church Book, which is continued to this time, 
 from the year 1693. It is said traditionally that John 
 Bunyan occasionallv ministered at Brentford. 
 
134 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 The first pastor of the Church, Mr. John Walker, died 
 27th September, 1724, having been pastor thirty years. 
 
 He was succeeded by Mr. Joseph Baker, whose last entry 
 is dated October, 1760, making a pastoral of thirty-six 
 years. 
 
 Mr. Matthew Bradshaw succeeded — his first entry is in 
 1761, and his last is in 1791, he also having been pastor for 
 thirty years. He was interred on the 9th of January, 
 1792, aged 63. 
 
 Mr. Bradshaw continued pastor of the Church for nine 
 years after the erection of the present edifice. 
 
 After Mr. Bradshaw's decease the Society gradually 
 underwent a change ; and in the close of the year 1840,the 
 Church and Congregation, previously established in Albany 
 Chapel, Brentford, being allowed the possession of the Butt's 
 Chapel by the trustees, with unanimous consent removed 
 thither ; and Albany Chapel, after an afternoon service 
 had been held in it for a short time, was resigned to the 
 trustees and remained closed for about two years. 
 
 On the removal of the Society from Albany Chapel, the 
 pastor (William Clarke Young,) printed an Address of 
 which the following is an extract. 
 
 " The Church and Congregation at Albany will bear in 
 mind, that the resolution of the trustees, giving admission 
 to the Chapel, has respect to them as the Church and 
 Congregation of Albany Chapel, and that the principles 
 avowed by them in past times are, so far as consistent 
 with God's word, to be held still. The trust deed of 
 Albany Chapel describes such principles by a reference to 
 their designation as Independents, and to the Westminster 
 Assembly of Divines. In common with all Protestants, 
 Independents, or Congregationalists, they profess to hold that 
 the Scriptures, and the Scriptures alone, contain the prin- 
 ciples of their faith, the rule of their duty, and the law of 
 their discipline ; and they profess to discover, in the lively 
 oracles, a revelation of the Father, the Son, and the Holy 
 Spirit, as the One Deity — holding the Unity of the divine 
 nature as certainly as they hold the distinctions in it: a 
 mystery to which they yield the assent of faith, but attempt 
 
mechanics' institution. 185 
 
 not to explain. They also profess to discover in them 
 the atonement of the Lord Jesns Christ, and the work of 
 the Holy Spirit in regeneration and sanctification : and it 
 behoves us to contend earnestly for the faith once delivered 
 unto the saints." 
 
 The first service, by the present occupants, was held in 
 the afternoon of Sunday, December 20, 1840, when the 
 pastor preached from the 17th Chapter of Luke, 5th verse, 
 "Increase our faith!" 
 
 Albany Independent Chapel. — This Chapel was built 
 by subscription in the year 1829, principally through the 
 means of a lady then resident in the neighbourhood. 
 
 There is a Sunday School held in the Chapel. The 
 present number of Boys and Girls is ninety. The pulpit 
 is at present supplied by occasional ministers. 
 
 Brentford British Schools. — These schools, situated 
 in Old Brentford, were established in 1834, in aid of 
 which the Committee received from the Treasury the sum 
 of two hundred and fifty pounds, and by Donations and 
 Subscriptions, two hundred and forty-two pounds ten 
 shillings and sixpence, making together £492. 10s. 6d. 
 
 Treasurer,— THOMAS FARMER, Esq. 
 
 Secretary?— Mb. S. T. WOOD. 
 
 Managed by a Committee of Ladies and Gentlemen. 
 
 Disbursements in 1844, £202 10 | Receipts £190 10 8 
 
 Mechanics' Institution. — This Institution was formed 
 at the close of the year 1835, on the principle "of alio wing- 
 all classes to subscribe at a moderate rate, and to receive 
 in return the benefits of a reading-room well supplied with 
 newspapers and periodicals; a library stocked with standard 
 works, and lectures on scientific and entertaining subjects. 
 
 After struggling sometime in a doubtful state of exist- 
 ence it became firmly established. It has numbered 
 among its lecturers some of the most eminent of the 
 present day. Mr. Sheridan Knowles ; Mr. B. Smart ; 
 Mr. Homing; Mr. R. Adams; Mr. C. H. Adams; Dr. 
 
136 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 Vaughan ; Mr. Stroughton ; Mr. Hersee ; Mr. Rowton, 
 and Mrs. Balfour may be mentioned as examples ; and 
 local lecturers have not been backward in shewing their 
 desire to instruct their neighbours. F. Bonney, Esq., the 
 late John Farrell, Esq., Mr. Honeybone, Mr. Bontems, and 
 the Rev. F- E. Thompson, have on many occasions exerted 
 themselves to this end. The present subscription is, for 
 members, at the rate of ten shillings per annum, payable 
 quarterly; and for Ladies, eight shillings per annum, also 
 payable quarterly. The Ladies attend Lectures and have 
 books from the library, but have no vote or influence in 
 the management of the institution. The library contains 
 at present 1115 volumes, and besides this excellent col- 
 lection, Messrs. Saunders and Ottley supply at intervals 
 a selection of modern works for the amusement and 
 instruction of the members. The Lectures are delivered 
 once in each fortnight, except during the months of June, 
 July, and August, when it is at the discretion of the Board 
 of Managers whether there shall be any lectures at all. 
 The Board itself consists of men of all parties and ranks. 
 The present state of the institution. 
 
 President,— THOMAS BERRY ROWE, Esq. 
 
 Vice-Presidents,— GEORGE COOPER, Esq. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Esq. 
 
 Rev. F. E. THOMPSON, B.A. 
 
 Treasurer,— LAURENCE ROWE, Esq. 
 
 Receipts £141. Os. 3%d. \ Expenditure ..£182. Is. r i\d. 
 
 The South West Middlesex Auxiliary Bible 
 Society, formed in the year 1833. 
 
 President,— HENRY POWNALL, Esq. Spring Grove, Hounslow. 
 
 Vice-Presidents. — Rev. J. BENSON, D.D- Incumbent of Hounslow, 
 
 G. OLIVER, Esq. Boston Road. 
 
 Rev. F. E. THOMPSON, B.A. Incumbent of Old Brentford. 
 
 Treasurer,— THOMAS FARMER, Esq. Gunnersbury House. 
 
 Receipts £'110. Is. 2d. — Expenditure £9(5. 12s. 9d. 
 
 Including a grant of £41. to the Parent Society. 
 
 The Brentford New Poor Law Union. — In pur- 
 suance of an Act of Parliament, passed in the fourth, and 
 fifth years of the reign of King William the Fourth, 
 entituled " An Act for the Amendment and better Admi- 
 
BRENTFORD UNION WORKHOUSE. Id i 
 
 nistration of the Law relating to the Poor in England 
 and Wales/' the Poor Law Commissioners ordered and 
 declared that the following parishes should be formed into 
 a Union, viz. : — New Brentford, Ealing, Hanwell, Chis- 
 wick, Isleworth, and Acton. 
 
 Brentford Union Workhouse, situate in the parish 
 of Isleworth. This building, erected under the provisions 
 of the New Poor Law Act, from the designs and under 
 the superintendance of Lewis Vulliamy, Esq., architect, is 
 in the style of architecture that prevailed about the time 
 of Queen Elizabeth. The walls are faced with red brick, 
 and dressed with stone heads, sills, jambs to the doors and 
 windows, stone plinths, copings, string courses and quoins. 
 The roofs are covered with slate, Avhich is not in strict 
 conformity with the style, no other covering being used in 
 the period to which the style of architecture refers but 
 tile. The great superiority of slate rendered this deviation 
 desirable. 
 
 The house is intended to accommodate four hundred 
 paupers, besides the master, mistress, and nurses. The 
 paupers are divided into three classes, and each class into 
 male and female, who have all separate yards, wards, and 
 dormitories, viz. for aged and infirm poor, for able bodied 
 persons who cannot find employment, and for children. 
 There are also sick and infirm wards, and lying-in wards ; 
 a surgery, water closets, work rooms, store and provision 
 rooms. 
 
 The Board-room where the Guardians meet once a 
 week to transact the business of the poor, and an office 
 for the clerk adjoining, are on the first floor over the 
 entrance hall ; just behind is the School-room, which is also 
 used as a Chapel on Sundays. The Dining-hall is on the 
 ground floor, at the back part of the building, and serves 
 also as a Chapel for the adults. The space occupied by 
 the buildings and yards is 177 feet broad, and 180 feet 
 deep, and the height of the building varies from one to 
 three, and in the centre and wings four stories. The 
 entire cost of the building was about £7500. The wish 
 
138 HISTORY OF J5RENTFORD. 
 
 of the Guardians in this Union was to have a buildiii"- 
 
 o 
 
 which should not present any of the prison-like associations 
 so usual in buildings of this description, this they con- 
 sidered as desirable, not only as regarded the inmates, but 
 also the inhabitants of the houses in the neighbourhood, 
 to whom a building in the style in which workhouses are 
 usually built would have been objectionable, and have 
 deteriorated the value of property in the vicinity. They 
 wished, too, that as a feature in the country, it should add 
 to, rather than detract from the appearance of the scene, 
 from whichever side it was viewed. 
 
 The situation is central ; the level of the ground rather 
 flat and low, but healthy, on account of the substratum of 
 soil being principally composed of gravel for twelve or 
 fourteen feet deep, under a very thin layer of vegetable 
 mould. 
 
 Chapel and Guild of All Angels. — In 1446, Henry 
 
 the Sixth, by letters patent, granted license to Master John 
 Somerseth, to found a certain hospital and fraternity, or 
 guild, in a certain chapel likewise founded by him at 
 Brentford, and in the parish of Isleworth, to be dedicated 
 to the honour of the nine orders of Holy Angels. 
 
 The immediate site of the chapel, near Brentford Bridge, 
 and some adjoining houses, afterwards came into the 
 possession of one Philip Godard, who, dying in 1762, 
 bequeathed them to his nephew, Thomas Huggins, and 
 his wife, afterwards to remain to the use of the charity 
 school of Isleworth for ever. Elizabeth Huggins, the 
 survivor, died in the course of the year 1794 ; but the 
 bequest being contrary to the statute of mortmain, it 
 became null and void. There were* no vestiges of All 
 Angels' Chapel remaining when Glover made his survey 
 in 1635 * 
 
 * Aungier's Hist, of Isleworth, pp. 181, 225. 
 
BOUNDARY, 139 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 New Brentford — Boundaries and Extent — Population and number of Houses — 
 The Ham — The Butts and Market Place — The Brent — The Grand Junction 
 Canal — Boston Road — The Half Acre — The County Court — The Petty 
 Sessions — The Town, Houses, and Inns — Sir W. Noy's House, now Mr. 
 Ronald's — The Great Floods — Arrival of Queen Victoria. 
 
 The eastern boundary line of New Brentford commences 
 in the Thames and runs up the head of the Town Meadow 
 to the Lock-House, thence crosses the Grand Junction 
 Canal, and passes through the premises occupied by Mr. 
 Grainger, crossing the High Street into the Half Acre, and 
 continuing directly up Boston Road, then following a small 
 water course on the right hand, inclosing some fields of 
 Colonel Clitherow's, being part of Boston Farm. 
 
 The northern boundary continues from the eastern 
 point, crossing the Hanwell Road to the Gospel Oak, 
 down to the Grand Junction Canal, which it crosses to 
 the River Brent. The southern boundary is formed by 
 the old course of the River Brent, being the greatest part 
 of it in the Grand Junction Canal, till it reaches the Town 
 Meadow, where it encloses a portion of the Duke of 
 Northumberland's lands, then falls again into the course of 
 the Brent, and finishes in the Thames. 
 
 It appears upon consulting the deed of commutation 
 under the hand and seals of the Tithe Commissioners, that 
 the large tithes were commuted for a rent charge of £60. 
 to the rector of Hanwell, subject to the parochial rates, 
 which had on an average amounted to £10.; the small 
 
140 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 tithes were commuted for £85., the average of the rates 
 having amounted to £15. 
 
 The whole quantity not subject to tithe within the said 
 parish is fifty-two acres, being the sites of houses, ware- 
 houses, out-buildings, yards, wharfs, public roads, so 
 much of the River Thames, as is within the said parish, 
 portions of the old River Brent, and the Grand Junction 
 Canal and Towing Path, also the Market Place, and two 
 large open spaces not common, nor waste land, called the 
 Ham and the Butts. 
 
 The whole of the parish comprehends 220 acres, 162 
 acres subject to the payment of tithes. Of arable, garden, 
 and nursery grounds, 121 acres : wood and ozier ground, 
 4 acres. 
 
 Population and Land Tax. — An increasing, health- 
 ful, and virtuous population, constituting an essential part 
 of national wealth, is a proper subject of enquiry and 
 investigation. Previously to the year 1801, the population 
 of Great Britain had been estimated by ingenious calcula- 
 tions only ; then for the first time, a census by parliamen- 
 tary authority was taken throughout the kingdom, which 
 has been four times repeated. The following returns relate 
 to this parish: — namely, in 1841, 
 
 New Brentford — Acres, 230 ; Houses inhabited, 384 ; Uninhabited, 22. 
 
 Population — Males, 1,018 ; Females, 1,150 ; Total 2,174. 
 Elthorne Hundred — The returns of the parish of New Brentford, includes 
 ninety-eight persons in barges. 
 
 The quota paid to the land-tax by this parish is 
 £433. 18s. ll^d.f being at the rate of about 2s. 4:\d. in the 
 pound. 
 
 The rateable value of New Brentford is £6006. 
 
 The omnibuses perforin 136 journies daily, or 2595 
 miles daily. 
 
 The annual amount of fares is 50,000. 
 
 The number of long coaches on the road previously to 
 
THE TOWN MEADOW. 141 
 
 the establishment of the railway was eighty-three daily, 
 but they are now reduced to eight. 
 
 The excise duties for Brentford amount annually to 
 £450,000. 
 
 The Ham. — This is a detached part of the Manor of 
 Boston, consisting of about two acres, upon which stands 
 the Boy's school, which was conveyed by the Lord of the 
 Manor for that purpose. It was formerly a place of 
 recreation for the inhabitants, but the cutting of the Grand 
 Junction Canal through it, and other local encroachments 
 have much curtailed it. 
 
 The walks down by the meadows towards the river are 
 very agreeable in fine weather. 
 
 The Butts and Market Place were originally a 
 common or waste in the manor of Boston. In 1664, John 
 Goldsmith, Esq. lord of the manor, conveyed it, consisting 
 of nine acres and a half, and the soil thereof, to William 
 Parish. This curious and uncommon grant was probably 
 made to prevent any future grant of any part of the land, 
 on which houses might be built to the injury of Mr. Parish, 
 who bought the ground to build on, and he did imme- 
 diately build. The trees are not the property of the lord 
 of the manor ; the great row of elms were planted in 
 1700, by Richard Merewether, Esq., Mr. Lateward's 
 grandfather. Every person has a right to come on the 
 Butts and return with horses and carriages, but the way 
 through the Castle Yard and the Market Place is private, 
 the latter to be open on market days. There was a road 
 to the mill formerly through the Pigeon's Yard, over a 
 bridge there across the Brent, and through part of the 
 Pigeon's Field. The owner of the mill has a right of 
 passage through the market and bar without any acknow- 
 ledgment, under the lease granted by Mr. Hawley, which 
 allowed all " such ways and passages." 
 
 The Town Meadow. — One acre belongs to the Duke 
 of Northumberland, six acres to the Bishop of London, 
 
142 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 which six acres arc included in a lease granted by the bishop 
 of the manor farm of Greenford to Mr. Lateward, and six 
 acres to Dr. Johnson. After Lammas-day, the whole is 
 commonable for the inhabitants of New Brentford.* 
 
 The River Brent rises near Finchley Common, and 
 after forming in its winding course the western boundary of 
 the parish, it falls into the Thames. " It was petitioned 
 that the wears upon the river called Braint, in the county 
 of Middlesex, parcel of the river Thames, may be taken 
 away." To which it was replied, "that the Statutes thereof 
 made shall be executed," 50 Edward the Third, AD. 
 1376. f Bishop Percy has observed, that in England, 
 although the names of the towns and villages are almost 
 universally of Anglo-Saxon derivation, yet the hills, 
 forests, rivers, &c. have generally retained their old Celtic 
 names. % 
 
 The river Brent gave name to an ancient and opulent 
 family of these parts. The most remarkable man of this 
 name was Fulke de Brent, who, for matchless prowess 
 and daring courage, was so beloved by King John that 
 he gave him in marriage Margaret, the daughter of Warren 
 Fitzgerald, his Chamberlain. This Fulke enjoyed the 
 same favours with King Henry the Third, for by his 
 great valour the king gained the victory at Lincoln against 
 Lewis, son of the second Philip, king of France, and his 
 rebellious barons. But not long after, boasting much 
 upon his great prosperity and his former services to the 
 state, and presuming upon his sovereign's lenity, he 
 committed many horrible outrages, for which he was 
 condemned to perpetual banishment, in which he ended 
 
 * Colonel Clitlierow's Manorial Papers. 
 
 + Under this (Sion House) the small river Brent issueth into the Thames, 
 and springeth out of a pond, vulgarly called Brown's Well, for Brent Well, 
 that is in old English, Frog Well, passes down between Hendon, which Arch- 
 bishop Dunstan, born for the advancement of monks, purchased for some few 
 Bizantines, which were imperial pieces of gold coined at Byzantium, or Con- 
 stantinople, and gave tbem to the Monks of St. Peter of Westminster. 
 
 Gibson's Camden's Middlesex, p. 810, 326, 
 
 t Preface to Translation of Mallet's Northern Antiquities, vol. j. p 39. 
 
PETTY SESSIONS. 143 
 
 his days at Rome in extreme misery, and was there buried 
 most ignobly, in the year 1226.* 
 
 The Grand Junction Canal was cut under an Act 
 obtained in the year 1793, and begins at Braunston, in 
 Northamptonshire, were it joins the Oxford Canal, and 
 falls into the Thames at Brentford. By this inland navi- 
 gation, the metropolis is connected with all the different 
 canals which have been made in the midland and north- 
 western parts of England; and thus a cheap and easy 
 conveyance is afforded for all the various articles of manu- 
 facture, and the produce of the counties through which 
 the line of the canal passes. 
 
 The County Court. — Brentford is within the juris- 
 diction of the county magistrates, and by an Act of 
 Parliament passed in 1750, it is enacted, that the County 
 Court of Middlesex, or such persons as are qualified to 
 serve on juries, or in the superior courts in "Westminster, 
 together with the County Clerk, may determine debts 
 under forty shillings, in a summary way, and that the 
 Sheriff of Middlesex, by his County Clerk, shall hold his 
 Court for that purpose on the first Tuesday in every 
 month, at some convenient place within the hundreds 
 of Isleworth or Elthorne. This court is held constantly 
 at Brentford, at the " Three Pigeons," by a barrister 
 appointed for that purpose, who determines cases before 
 a jury of three of the inhabitant householders of the 
 town. 
 
 The Petty Sessions for the division of New Brentford, 
 comprising the parishes of Hanwell, Greenford, Perivalc, 
 Norwood, Heston, Isleworth, and Twickenham, are held 
 by the local magistrates at the Three Pigeons, and 
 where the magistrates sit in Petty Sessions Court every 
 Saturday, exercising the functions of Police Magistrates. 
 The meetings of magistrates for public business has been 
 held at this Inn for upwards of a century. 
 * Weever's Fun. Mon. p. 532. 
 
144 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 The Boston Road runs up to the Uxbridge Road, 
 and about half way up is situate the ancient manor 
 house ; on the south it joins the Half Acre, which it is 
 supposed takes its name from the strip of land which 
 here forms the eastern boundary of the parish of New 
 Brentford.* 
 
 The Town of Brentford extends a mile in length, 
 the High-street at the western end makes a very respect- 
 able and business like appearance, being lined on both 
 sides with good shops, and the weekly recurrence of the 
 market greatly adds to the traffic and convenience of 
 the town. 
 
 Several old inns also still exist to preserve the remem- 
 brance of former times, though stripped by modern 
 conveniences of much of their ancient utility and conse- 
 quence. Among these, the most conspicuous is The 
 Three Pigeons, called in ancient deeds, The Three 
 Doves. This remarkable hostel, situated at the western 
 corner of the Market-place, dates its origin from the days 
 of Shakspeare and Ben Johnson. The house in the 
 interior is still in its ancient state, having above twenty 
 sitting and sleeping apartments, connected by a projecting 
 gallery at the back, and communicating by several stair- 
 cases to the attics, with numerous dark closets and 
 passages. This very ancient inn is frequently mentioned 
 by the early dramatists, and appears at one time to have 
 been in some repute, and it is remarkable as having had 
 for its landlord, the celebrated tragedian, John Lowin, a 
 cotemporary of Shakspeare, and one of the original actors 
 in his plays, who died in this house at a very advanced 
 
 Thou art admirably suited for the Three Pigeons 
 At Breutford, 1 swear I know thee not." 
 
 Old Play. The Roaring Girl. 
 
 See Page 62, ante. 
 
ANCIENT HOUSES. 145 
 
 " We will turn our courage to Braynford — westward, 
 My bird of the night — to the Pigeons." 
 
 Ben Johnson's Alchymist. 
 
 Julian or Gillian of Brentford, was an old woman 
 residing at Brentford, who had the credit of being a witch. 
 She is frequently alluded to by Shakspeare, and the early 
 dramatists, in no very creditable terms.* 
 
 " I doubt that old hag Gillian of Brentford has bewitched me." 
 
 Westward Hoe. 
 
 " What can be made of Summer's Last Will and Testament 
 Such another thing as Gillian of Brayneford's witch." 
 
 Summer's Last Will. 
 
 The Red Lion Inn, situated at the eastern corner of 
 the Market Place, has existed here since the middle of the 
 fifteenth century. It was in this house that King Henry 
 the Sixth held a Chapter of the Order of the Garter in 
 the year 1445.f 
 
 This house has undergone such a renovation of late 
 years, that little remains of its ancient state ; the interior 
 and the outside walls have been stuccoed and white- 
 washed. 
 
 The White Horse Inn, situated in the Market Place, 
 has existed ever since the time of Elizabeth, as appears by 
 the parish books. % 
 
 The Castle Inn, situated to the eastward, is also very 
 ancient, and occupies a large space of ground facing the 
 High Street ; it is the principal inn used by travellers. 
 
 The most ancient private dwelling house, if we may 
 judge from the exterior, is that inhabited for many years 
 by Mr. Ronalds, and is undoubtedly of the Elizabethan 
 period, as may be seen by the engraving. 
 
 * See the preceding allusion to Shakspeare's " Merry Wives of Windsor," 
 p. 86, ante. 
 
 + See page 14, ante. 
 
 j George Wood dwelinge at the signe of the White Horse, in the Market 
 Place, the xxvii day of February, 1603. — Burial Parish Register. 
 
 L 
 
146 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM NOY'S HOUSE. 
 
 It is said by tradition to have been inhabited by Sir W. 
 Noy, Attorney-General to Charles the First, whom we learn 
 from various authorities to have lived near this spot. 
 
 Noy " says Howell in his Italian Prospective/' a great 
 cried up lawyer, put it into the head of King Charles to 
 impose an old tax, called the " Ship Money,* upon the 
 Subject," which the said lawyer did warrant upon his life 
 to be legal, for he could produce divers records how many 
 of his progenitors had done the same. 
 
 * A writ was directed to the Sheriff of every county in England, to provide 
 a ship of war for the King's service, and to send it amply provided and fitted, 
 by such a day, to such a place, and with that writ were sent to each sheriff instruc- 
 tions that, instead of a ship he should levy upon his country such a sum of 
 money, and return the same to the treasurer of the navy, for his Majesty's use. 
 Hence the denomination of ship money. — Clarendon's Hist. vol. ii. p. 04. 
 
THE FLOODS. 147 
 
 With infinite pains and indefatigable " says Howell in 
 his Letters" he came to his knowledge of the law, but I 
 never heard a more pertinent anagram than was made of 
 his name William Noy, " I moyl in Law." 
 
 He left an odd will, which is short, and in Latin. Having 
 bequeathed a few legacies, and left his second son one 
 hundred marks a year, and five hundred pounds in money 
 to bring him up to his father's profession, he concludes, 
 " Reliqua meorum omnia primogenito meo Edvardo, dis- 
 sipanda (nee melius unquam speravi ego.)" I leave the 
 rest of all my goods to my first born Edward, to be con- 
 sumed or scattered ; for I never hoped better.* 
 
 " Mr. Noy continues ill, and is retired to his house at 
 Brentford, passing by with my Lord Collington to Han- 
 worth, I saw him much fallen away in face and body, but 
 as yellow as gold, peppered mightily with the jaundice. 
 They apprehended him to be in much danger, for his 
 waters continue, which drain his body." He died at Brent- 
 ford, August 9, 1634,f and was buried in the church.J 
 
 It is no wonder that we have so few old houses. Till 
 about the year 1200, there were very few stone houses, 
 and none tiled or slated ; they were built with wood, and 
 thatched with straw or reeds. In the year 1189, Richard 
 the First ordered that they should be built with stone to a 
 certain height, and that they should be covered with slate 
 or burnt tile. This order was repeated, but it was long 
 before it was observed. 
 
 A few of the old houses in Brentford afford good spe- 
 cimens of the ancient style of building, called Elizabethan, 
 but more usually pertaining to the period of James the 
 First. Their pointed gables, and enriched verge boards, 
 pierced in every variety of pattern, their finials and pen- 
 dants, and pargetted fronts, give an air of the picturesque, 
 contrasting broadly with the stiffness of the modern brick 
 buildings. 
 
 Great Flood in the Year 1682. — A very violent 
 
 * Seeward's Anecdotes of Distinguished Persons, vol. iii. p. 283. 
 t Strafforde Letters, vol. i. p. 262. J See page 56. 
 
 L 2 
 
148 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 storm of rain, accompanied with thunder and lightning, 
 caused a sudden flood which did great damage to the town 
 of Brentford. The whole place was overflown, boats rowed 
 up and down the streets, and several houses and other 
 buildings were carried away by the force of the waters. 
 
 In the churchwardens' books are the following entries 
 relating to this calamity. 
 
 April 26, 1682. Paid the watermen in bread, beer, 
 and brandy, that brought their boats to save the people 
 from the flood this day . . ..£060 
 
 Paid for clearing water out of the church, 
 
 mops, &c. . . . . . . 9 
 
 It appears also, that the wall of the churchyard, and 
 the pews in the church, received considerable damage. 
 Mrs. Clitherow, of Boston House, has a printed copy of the 
 Brief granted to the sufferers upon this occasion, by which 
 it appears that their loss was estimated at £718. 
 
 It appears from the newspapers of the day, that storms 
 and floods were general throughout the country, causing 
 the most alarming accidents : — 
 
 " Last night through the violence of the rain, the floods were so high 
 npon the road between this and London, that a man on horseback was over- 
 whelmed, whereby they were both drowned. The horse now lies upon the 
 road, and the man at an adjoining house." — Loyal Protestant, April 26, 1682. 
 
 " The great rain that fell on Tuesday night, hath done great mischief in 
 many places in the countries, but the particulars we cannot yet have. The 
 waters of the river are everywhere very high, a man and his horse were 
 drowned between Croydon and Camberwell, and at Hockley-in-the-Hole, 
 above .£1000. damage was sustained among the brewers, and one child was 
 washed out of its bed and found the next morning dead." 
 
 The Protestant Mercury, April 27th, 1682. 
 
 " By several letters we have advice that by reason of the great rain which 
 has lately fallen, there is hardly any travelling in the country without great 
 danger, for several passengers have lost their lives, and among others, the 
 York stage coach missing the road was turned over, and all the passengers 
 drowned, the coachman only escaping. Also in the west we hear a waggon, 
 horses, and all the passengers miscarried." 
 
 The Protestant Mercury, May 10th 1682. 
 
 On Saturday night, January 1, 1841, another fearful 
 inundation occurred at Brentford, occasioned by the 
 
THE FLOODS. 149 
 
 bursting of the banks of the reservoir of the Paddington 
 canal, about eight miles to the north of Brentford. 
 
 The water, it appears, was first observed to be rising 
 about half-past twelve o'clock, but no fears of an inunda- 
 tion being entertained by the persons residing near, they 
 retired to rest. Towards two o'clock, Police constable 
 Smith, who was on duty near the bridge, observing the 
 water still increasing, awakened some of the boatmen 
 belonging to what are called " monkey-boats," large 
 numbers of which were moored off the different wharfs 
 abutting on the canal, and cautioned them to be on the 
 alert for their own security. At that time, and even up 
 to half-past three o'clock, immediate danger was not 
 apprehended, but a few minutes before four o'clock, a 
 loud noise was heard to the north of the town, which 
 every moment sounded nearer and nearer, and it was soon 
 ascertained that the narrow stream of the Brent had over- 
 flowed its banks, and was pouring itself into the already 
 increased waters of the canal. Numbers of boats, barges, 
 and lighters, were instantly torn from their moorings, and 
 driven with great force through the bridge towards the 
 Thames. At the same instant, also, the accumulated waters 
 having overflowed all the premises north of the high road, 
 burst through two avenues by the houses of Mr. Brasher, 
 near the bridge, and Mr. Farrell directly opposite the 
 church, filling the lower rooms. The police immediately 
 alarmed the inhabitants to a sense of their danger, and where 
 some who were too deeply buried in sleep to be aroused 
 by the knocking, they forced their doors open. Men, 
 women, and children — many of them in their night clothes 
 — were soon seen running in all directions for shelter, 
 while the roaring of the water and the screams of the 
 wretched inhabitants of the monkey-boats, borne along on 
 the stream, and of the individuals inhabiting the numerous 
 cottages, were most appaling. In a very short time all 
 the houses at that portion of the town were flooded, and 
 the water rising rapidly, the occupiers of the houses near 
 the Market Place commenced damming up their doors, 
 and there is no doubt that the whole of New Brentford, 
 
150 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 would shortly have become under water, had it not found 
 itself an outlet at the bottom of Church Alley, adjoining 
 the Church, by washing down the wall of the extensive 
 nursery grounds of Messrs. Ronalds, and another wall at 
 the southern extremity of the grounds, by which it joined 
 the stream of the canal, near its outlet to the Thames. 
 
 In the tan-yard of Mr. Norris the inundation did great 
 mischief; the whole of a large quantity of tan, with 
 which the warehouses were stored, was carried away by 
 the stream. The escape of a man and his wife, of the 
 name of Birch, who had the care of the premises, was 
 most providential. They were awakened from their sleep 
 by the water entering their bed, and they had only time 
 to jump out, and, by climbing on some out-buildings, got 
 upon a wall at the rear of the premises of Mr. Matthews, 
 a cooper, near the Market-place, who was aroused by their 
 screams for assistance, and who, by means of a ladder, got 
 them down in safety. 
 
 During the early part of the day fears were entertained 
 that the whole of the crews of the boats, which had 
 been wrecked were drowned, and much interest was 
 excited to ascertain the fate of a family of seven children, 
 who, with their father and mother, named Tolley, it was 
 known were on Saturday evening on board one of the 
 boats belonging to Messrs. Price and Sons, of Brierly-hill. 
 It was, however, in the afternoon, ascertained that they 
 had been saved as the boat was being driven along by the 
 current, by the exertions of a family named Ayres, living 
 in a cottage at the bottom of Boar's Head-yard, who, as 
 the boat passed the window, succeeded in dragging in the 
 seven children ; the father and mother were also saved. At 
 the next cottage were also two sisters of the name of Foster, 
 each with one child, who were rescued from another boat. 
 No less than twenty-one men, women, and children, saved 
 their lives by climbing over the wall of the Duke of Northum- 
 berland's grounds, and taking refuge in a cow-house. 
 
 Every possible assistance was immediately rendered by 
 those of the inhabitants who had not been reached by the 
 inundation. Amongst the most active was the Rev. Dr. 
 
THE FLOODS. 151 
 
 Stoddart, the vicar of New Brentford, Trho 5 although his 
 own residence was partly under water, strenuously exerted 
 himself in assisting all who needed it ; and the exertions 
 of Inspector Macquard and the police of the T division 
 will not be soon effaced from the memory of the inha- 
 bitants. 
 
 About four o'clock the water was at the highest, and 
 the only means of communication between the houses near 
 the bridge was by means of a boat. Towards six o'clock the 
 water was gradually decreasing, and daylight was anxiously 
 looked for that the extent of the mischief might be ascer- 
 tained. 
 
 Above the bridge, the damage was not so extensive 
 as below it. Below the bridge, a short distance on 
 the right were found five large barges, driven by the force 
 of the water against the wharf of Mr. Fowler,* an exten- 
 sive wharfinger at Brentford End and swamped — some 
 lying over others. They belonged to Mr. Charles Saun- 
 ders, lighterman, of Strand-on- the-green, KeAv-bridge ; 
 and were laden with 1,300 quarters of corn, and 350 
 quarters of linseed ; but it was nearer to the mouth of the 
 outlet to the Thames where the greatest damage was done, 
 and where a scene of shipwreck unparalleled so far inland 
 was to be seen. The spot in question is at the bottom of 
 Boar's Head-yard, near the Old Workhouse, a turning 
 leading from the high road nearly opposite the Market- 
 place down to the canal. From this spot the canal passes 
 through some meadows, and there is a foot bridge across 
 it; and near that bridge were piled up craft of various 
 descriptions, to the number of fifteen ; and the number, 
 there is no doubt, would have been more had not the 
 pressure of the water forced down a large portion of the 
 wall of the grounds of his Grace the Duke of Northum- 
 berland, by which the pent-up water obtained an outlet, 
 carrying with it four or five barges. Some of these vessels 
 were topsy-turvy, others on their sides, and portions of 
 five could be distinctly seen peeping above the water, 
 
 * This gentleman, being aged and infirm, was much, shocked at the occur- 
 rence, and died suddenly the same evening. 
 
152 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 piled on the top of each other. It was impossible at the 
 time, from the great swell of the water, to ascertain to 
 whom they belonged, the nature of their freight, or what 
 had become of their crews ; and it was feared that several 
 lives had been sacrificed. 
 
 At other parts of the canal several barges and lighters 
 foundered, and many sunk. The barge Susan, the pro- 
 perty of Mr. Skeele, lighterman, of North Hyde, near 
 Southall, went to pieces, and the body of one of the persons 
 on board of her, named William Spruce, about seventeen 
 years of age, was picked up about eleven o'clock, jammed 
 between the rails at the bottom of Catherine-wheel-yard, 
 covered by some tarpaulin. It was immediately conveyed 
 by the police to the Catherine-wheel public-house, in the 
 High-road, to await a coroner's inquest. 
 
 In the course of the morning, Messrs. Hazard, Strange, 
 and Layton, three of the Guardians of the Brentford Union, 
 visited some of the indigent sufferers to afford them relief, 
 and Dr. Stoddart, and Messrs. Bunting and Hopkins, 
 Churchwardens, of New Brentford, visited others with 
 the same object, and Dr. Stoddart procured two rooms to 
 be prepared at the Infant School for their reception. 
 
 Subscriptions were immediately opened in behalf of the 
 sufferers by the flood, the receipts of which amounted to 
 £813. 17s. the whole amount of which was disbursed 
 among the boatmen and their families, to the crews of 
 fifteen barges, to the poor families of New Brentford, and 
 to tradesmen and others of New Brentford, whose pro- 
 perty was much damaged or destroyed. 
 
 Rejoicings on the Arrival of the Queen. — The 
 latest event of note in the History of New Brentford, was 
 the celebration of Queen Victoria's marriage with His Royal 
 Highness Prince Albert, and their arrival at Brentford on 
 their wedding-day. The oldest inhabitant cannot remember 
 such a spirit of loyalty, unity, and enthusiasm, as was mani- 
 fested by all ranks on the joyful occasion of the Queen's 
 marriage. It was determined to erect two triumphal 
 arches in the High Street, and to give a dinner to the 
 
ARRIVAL OF THE QUEEN. 158 
 
 children of the national and all other schools in the parish. 
 A committee had been appointed, consisting of the Rev. 
 Dr. Stoddart, the Vicar ; the Parochial Officers, Messrs. 
 Grainger, Hopkins, Ronalds, Bunting, and Mr. Joseph 
 Hinge, to collect the subscriptions of the inhabitants, and 
 to carry out the objects of the meeting. A handsome 
 subscription was readily obtained, and all necessary 
 arrangements expeditiously prepared. Early on Monday 
 morning a merry peal of bells from the church, announced 
 the arrival of the happy day, and a large union jack was 
 hoisted on the tower. The arches being completed, were 
 richly ornamented with evergreens of all kinds, and also 
 with flags, white favours, devices, and variegated lamps. 
 On the centre of the western arch, opposite the church, 
 was placed a very large imperial crown, having the initials 
 V. A. on each side of it, and underneath, the motto 
 il United and Happy." Over the eastern arch, near the 
 Castle Inn, were two largs stars, with the initials V. A., 
 and underneath, the word " Welcome," all of which were 
 illuminated in the evening, and presented a splendid 
 appearance. Soon after twelve o'clock, the children of 
 the various schools, in number exceeding two hundred, 
 assembled in the boys' national school in the Ham, which 
 was most tastefully decorated with laurel, &c. and each 
 child was presented with a white bow, and a copy of the 
 national anthem, " God save the Queen," having the two 
 following stanzas added for the occasion by Dr. Stoddart : 
 
 Welcome to Britain's coast 
 Albert ! Victoria's boast, 
 
 Noble and brave. 
 Hail ! this their wedding day, 
 Hail ! their united sway, 
 Bridegroom and Bride, we pray 
 
 God bless and save ! 
 
 Henceforth may faction cease, 
 Love, joy, and wealth increase, 
 
 Guardian supreme ! 
 May rich and poor rejoice ! 
 Welcome with heart and voice ! 
 Albert ! Victoria's choice ! 
 
 God save the Queen ' 
 
151 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 One o'clock announced to the young and anxious 
 expectants, the arrival of an excellent dinner, prepared 
 by Mr. Tinson, of the Pigeon's Inn, consisting of roast 
 beef and plump pudding. After the cloth was drawn, 
 Dr. Stoddart, in an appropriate address, proposed the 
 health of the Royal Pair, which was drunk by the children 
 and responded to by a numerous and respectable company, 
 with as much enthusiasm as could possibly be expressed 
 by long, loud, and often repeated huzzas. The national 
 anthem was then sung by the singers of the New Brent- 
 ford choir, with much spirit and effect, every stanza being 
 repeated in full chorus by the whole assembly. Mr. 
 Cooper afterwards proposed the healths of those who were 
 subscribers to the National Schools, all of whom had 
 contributed to the festivities of the day, particularly 
 naming Colonel Clitherow and his family, who had for so 
 many years deeply interested themselves in the welfare 
 of the schools, and all other institutions in the place. The 
 children were then conducted to the seats arranged for 
 them in the front of the churchyard, where, with the 
 committee, they waited the arrival of the Queen and her 
 Royal Consort, and where their welcome and huzzas were 
 most graciously acknowledged by the Royal party. The 
 whole line of the road was densely thronged with people, 
 and many very respectable persons from the neighbour- 
 hood were to be seen on the pavement or in their carriages, 
 waiting for the royal procession. In the evening, the 
 Pigeons and the Castle Inns and several houses were 
 illuminated, and large flags with devices, not forgetting 
 the true lover's knot, were exhibited from the windows. 
 Thus ended these joyous festivities, all persons expressing 
 their entire satisfaction with the arrangements adopted by 
 the committee, and declaring their conviction that neither 
 old nor young could ever forget the various pleasing 
 circumstances which occurred on this eventful occasion. 
 
THE HALF ACRE. 155 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Old Brentford — Boundaries and Extent — Population — Half Acre, Windmill 
 Lane — Mrs. Trimmer — The High Street — Elver Ayts — The Ferry — Wharfs 
 and Manufactories — Timber Yard, Saw Mills — Soap Manufactory — Police 
 Station — Pottery — Brewery — Brentford Distillery — Gas Light Company — 
 Grand Junction Water Works — Brick Kilns and Tilery — Kew Bridge. 
 
 Old Brentford lies within the Kensington division of 
 the hundred of Ossulstone, it is bounded on the north by 
 Ealing, of which parish it is a hamlet, on the west by New 
 Brentford, on the east by Chiswick, and on the south by 
 the Thames,* and includes a population of two thousand 
 four hundred and eleven males ; two thousand six hundred 
 and forty-seven females, making a total of five thousand 
 and fifty persons; with nine hundred and ninety-nine 
 inhabited houses, forty-seven uninhabited, and twenty- 
 three building. 
 
 The Half Acre running north from the High Street, 
 forms the western division, leading to Windmill Lane, 
 in which resided for many years, the celebrated Mrs. 
 Trimmer. 
 
 The benefits conferred on the district by the exertions 
 of this truly christian family were great, they mainly 
 assisted in the erection of the chapel of St. George, and in 
 the establishment of the Girls' and Infant Schools, and 
 they were ever foremost and ready in every charitable 
 and benevolent design. The mother of the family resided 
 for many years at a cottage situate at the western extremity 
 of Windmill Lane, of this house Mrs. Trimmer makes 
 frequent mention in her entertaining Memoirs, but since 
 her decease it has been pulled down, and two houses 
 
 * See the boundary line expressed at page 131, in treating of the district, 
 of St George's Chapel. 
 
156 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 have been built on its site. There does not appear to be 
 any public tribute better suited to perpetuate the respect 
 due to the memory of the honoured dead, and to stimulate 
 the exertions of the living, than a tablet or mural monu- 
 ment to be placed in St. George's chapel, the centre of 
 their labours, and the sacred edifice in which they attended 
 public worship for so many years. This affectionate 
 tribute of regard is proposed to be erected by subscription, 
 without the participation of the members of her surviving 
 family ; and from the approbation that has attended its 
 announcement, no doubt need be entertained of its ultimate 
 success and accomplishment. 
 
 Mrs. Trimmer. — Among the points of dissimilitude 
 between earlier and recent times, the advancement of 
 female character is not the least remarkable. While with 
 uncivilized man, the terms woman and slave, are almost 
 identical, in the enlightened nations of modern Europe 
 the star of female excellence has long arisen, and the pre- 
 judice is now verging to extinction, that the one-half of 
 the species is designed for household drudgery and pros- 
 tration. In poetry, in epistolary, and dramatic excellence, 
 in general literature, and even in the severer sciences, not 
 a few are the productions of the female pen ; and while 
 each has excelled in the path of her ambition, the name 
 of Mrs. Trimmer, as public instructress, is almost without 
 a competitor. 
 
 Mrs. Trimmer was the daughter of Joshua and Sarah 
 Kirby, and was born at Ipswich, on the 6th of January, 
 1741. Her father, Joshua Kirby, has distinguished him- 
 self by some able writing on Perspective and Architecture, 
 in which sciences he had the honor to instruct his Majesty 
 King George the Third, when Prince of Wales, and after- 
 wards his Royal Consort. Mr. Kirby was also President 
 of the Society of Artists of Great Britain, previously to 
 the establishment of the Royal Academy. It was the last 
 desire of Gainsborough to be buried by the side of his old 
 friend Kirby, and their tombs adjoin, in the church-yard, 
 at Kew. 
 
MRS. TRIMMER. 157 
 
 His father, John Kirby, is known as the authoi of one 
 of our earliest topographical works, as well as of a useful 
 little volume called, the " Suffolk Traveller," 1735. 
 Mr. Kirby married Sarah, the* daughter of Mr. Bull, of 
 Framlingham, (Suffolk,) and the fruit of their union is 
 the subject of this memoir. 
 
 It has been said, that when we write unaffectedly and 
 in earnest, a unity of sentiment will pervade our writings ; 
 and the remark is, perhaps, exemplified in the following- 
 letter, written by Mrs. Trimmer in her eleventh year, and 
 which exhibits the child's first letter marked with the 
 same character as her later productions. 
 
 Ipswich, Dec. 4:th, 1751. 
 Dear Grandpapa and Grandmama, 
 
 As I now think myself capable of writing a letter, 
 I do not know of any to whom I can address myself with 
 more justness and propriety than yourselves ; for you are my 
 parents in a double capacity, and, therefore, may reasonably 
 claim my utmost duty and gratitude. By your indulgent 
 care, under the gracious hand of Providence, you have 
 blest me with the best of mothers. Let me, therefore, beg 
 a continuance of your blessing and prayers, to enable 
 me to set a right value on the privileges I enjoy by being 
 a rational being, and to put in practice the duties I owe 
 to God, my neighbour, and myself; and it shall be my 
 daily prayer to the Almighty, that he will make the 
 remainder of your lives happy, and receive you at last 
 into everlasting felicity. My grandmama and grandpapa 
 Kirby, and all my papa's family, join in suitable commen- 
 dations with your most obedient and dutiful grand- 
 daughter, 
 
 Sarah Kirby." 
 
 As a girl, Milton's Paradise Lost was her constant com- 
 panion. It was this circumstance which so pleased t the 
 great Dr. Johnson that he invited her to see him, and 
 presented her with a copy of his Rambler. In early life 
 she would naturally derive improvement from the intel- 
 
158 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 lectual conversation of such men as Sir Joshua Reynolds, 
 Dr. Gregory Sharp, Hogarth, Gainsborough, and others 
 with all of whom her father was on terms of intimacy. In 
 her twenty -first year she married Mr. Trimmer, a person of 
 exemplary character and sound religious principles. From 
 this period to her death, she continued to reside at Brent- 
 ford. She had twelve children, and her only surviving 
 child, the He v. H. S. Trimmer, of Heston, has kindly 
 furnished the present documents. 
 
 The latter half of the last century, the era of Mrs. 
 Trimmer's public life, was, it need hardly be said, a 
 period of transition and movement. Earlier modes of 
 strength were breaking down, and opinions the wildest 
 and most mischievous were floating on the disturbed 
 elements of society. The propagandisnr of infidel and 
 unsettled principles was actively at work, and charaterizes 
 the period. In resistance to these tendencies were arrayed 
 the wise and good ; and among these is to be enumerated 
 Mrs. Trimmer. The unwearied object of her life was the 
 improvement of the children of the poor, or in the later 
 phraseology, the enlightenment of the masses. At the 
 present day when education is so generally advocated, it 
 is difficult without an effort of thought, to contemplate the 
 ignorance which then prevailed, and the prejudices which 
 opposed its removal. It was not a cloud that darkened 
 the humbler classes only, but it cast its shadow over all. 
 The success of Mrs. Trimmer's educational exertions may 
 be estimated by the high reputation of her works, and 
 their extensive circulation, which, after the lapse of half a 
 century, are steadily gaining ground. Neither has their 
 usefulness been limited to the United Kingdom ; it has 
 extended to the colonies and slave population, and even 
 to the United States of America. 
 
 But the system of education advocated by Mrs. Trimmer, 
 was not a system of mere intellectuality, but one based 
 upon religion, and in connection with the Church : and her 
 efforts were successfully directed against the latitudinarian 
 views of Joseph Lancaster, at a time when they were most 
 rapidly spreading, and had received the most powerful 
 
MRS. TRIMMER. 159 
 
 support. It was at Mrs. Trimmer's persuasion that Dr. 
 Bell was induced to enter the field, and that the way was 
 paved which eventually led to the ascendency of sounder 
 views, and the establishment of the National Society. 
 
 Mrs. Trimmer died in her seventieth year, on the 15th 
 of December, 1810. Her death was sudden, and without 
 previous illness, but full of calm and peace. Reading 
 over at her writing table the letters of an esteemed friend, 
 her head sunk upon her bosom and she " fell asleep ;" 
 and so gentle was the wafting, that she wore for some 
 hours the look of a refreshing slumber, which her family 
 were unwilling to interrupt. 
 
 Mrs. Trimmer was of a most cheerful and happy dispo- 
 sition, devotedly attached to all her children and the 
 object of their united affection. She was humble, 
 diffident, and retiring. She was acute in her feelings, 
 but without passion or excitement ; and presented in her 
 daily life the absence of all selfishness, and an anxiety to 
 oblige. She was a stranger to the thirst of literary renown, 
 still more to the thirst of literary gain, and the proceeds 
 of her numerous works were chiefly given to the poor. 
 The education of the poor was her great aim, and her 
 writings gave a well-directed impulse to education. She 
 was habitually an early riser, and devoted the break of 
 day to meditation and study. The benevolence of her 
 character obtained the gracious condescension of her 
 sovereign, George the Third, her Majesty Queen 
 Charlotte, and the female branches of the Royal Family. 
 She also received the sanction of the Church; and on 
 the list of the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge, 
 not only does she stand alone as a female writer, but 
 her works are more numerous than those of any writer. 
 Her works are well known ; they are remarkable for their 
 piety, practical character, and plainness. In short, the 
 character of Mrs. Trimmer presents the rare combination 
 of talent without pride, and of piety without asceticism. 
 
 From the numerous letters of condolence received by 
 her family at her decease, the three following have been 
 selected as bearing an honourable testimony to her worth ; 
 
160 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 the first from Shutc Barring-ton., Bishop of Durham, the 
 second from the author of the Madras System, and the 
 the third from a distinguished foreigner. 
 
 Cavendish Square, April 12, 1814. 
 Madam, 
 
 I sat down to the perusal of the two most interesting 
 volumes which you had the goodness to send me, with the 
 earnest wish to meet with few interruptions in my progress. 
 That, however, has not been my lot ; my thanks, there- 
 fore, have necessarily been delayed till the present 
 moment. Accept them with an opinion that nothing can 
 be more honourable to the memory of your most respect- 
 able mother than such a picture of her heart, as she has 
 drawn in her journal. That picture must be faithful, as 
 it exhibits her intercourse with that Being to whom all 
 hearts are open, all desires known, and which she meant 
 should never be inspected by any human eye. Such an 
 instance of piety and of the uniform discharge of every 
 duty, is hardly to be met with in the history of the 
 most distinguished early Christians. Her prayers are not 
 to be equalled but by Bishop Taylor's. Her children are 
 now enjoying the blessings of having been educated under 
 such a mother, and are deriving the comforts which result 
 from the principles which she instilled, and the example 
 which she set. 
 
 I am, Madam, 
 
 with much regard, 
 
 Your faithful Servant, 
 From the Bishop of Durham, S. Dunelm. 
 
 To Miss Trimmer. 
 
 The next is from Dr. Bell, dated December, 31, 1810. 
 
 My dear Friends, 
 
 Deeply affected as I have been by the death of 
 your inestimable mother, I have not ventured to break 
 in upon the first effusions of your grief, and have refrained 
 till now, the mingling of my sorrow with yours. The 
 
MRS. TRIMMER. 161 
 
 friend, the patroness, the exemplar of virtue and piety ! — 
 she has left a blank in society which it were not easy to 
 fill up otherwise than by those, who I verily believe, 
 inherit her talents and virtues, and have been formed 
 under her fostering hand, to that character which she held, 
 and who, I trust, will tread in her steps, and follow up 
 the pious works to which her life was devoted. If their 
 grief be great as the loss they have sustained, they will 
 not grieve as those who have no consolation, for surely 
 theirs are no common consolations — arrived at an advanced 
 age, she could look back on a life well spent — on a life 
 spent in a manner the most meritorious and most exten- 
 sively useful, in advancing the best interests and only 
 real happiness of her fellow-creatures. Thousands who 
 mourn her departure, revere her memory, and wish that 
 they were as she now is — ten thousands educated in her 
 school of virtue, formed by her instructions, and reclaimed 
 by her admonitions, bear unerring testimony to the good 
 which she has done, and generations yet to come will rise 
 up and call her blessed ! How precious the legacy which 
 she has left to all of us ! That knowing she will not return 
 to us, it may be our study to go to her, and behold her 
 encircled with that crown which so many gems unite to 
 adorn. That you and your brothers and families, may 
 also enjoy many happy years, and be in like manner useful 
 in your generations is the sincere prayer of your most 
 
 Affectionate Friend, 
 
 A. Bell. 
 
 The concluding letter is from M. Deluc. 
 
 My dear Madam, 
 
 I have already returned you my thanks for your 
 welcome present, on seeing only the outside of it ; but I 
 cannot express to you the gratification which I have 
 received from the inside. I have been very long to 
 acknowledge it, because I have been long in enjoying the 
 whole. I am confined on a chair in my room, not being- 
 able to move from it without help, but thank God, I am 
 
 M 
 
162 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 able to employ my time with my pen, as did your worthy 
 mother ; and I have always a book by me to read while a 
 page dries, which is also a relief to my head. For this 
 purpose the two volumes you have been so good as to 
 give me have been a treasure, much more surely than they 
 can be to the common of readers, as I have had the happi- 
 ness of knowing personally the respectable Author, and 
 her so feelingly lamented consort. But her modesty 
 prevented that a transitory intercourse could manifest her 
 whole soul ; it could not be judged that every moment of 
 her life was employed in a communion with our heavenly 
 Father and our Saviour. Notwithstanding all her troubles, 
 she has been one of the happiest of mortals, for during her 
 stay upon earth, she was already in heaven; and she 
 received an anticipated reward of the blessing her Journals 
 would spread in society when published. In reading it, 
 my daughter also felt happy to have seen her here. "We 
 unite in best wishes for the happiness of you and all your 
 family. There is a blessing that will never fail, the 
 religious seeds which she has sown in the best ground 
 cultivated by her. 
 
 I am, with sincere gratitude and esteem, 
 My dear Madam, 
 Your faithful and humble Servant, 
 To Miss Trimmer. J. A. Deltjc. 
 
 The High Street in its course eastward, is lined along 
 the north side with shops and private houses, and on the 
 south side are situated the great wharfs and manufac- 
 tories of the town. 
 
 It is said that King George the Second was always 
 much pleased with the outward appearance of the High 
 Street, on his journies to Windsor, from its having so 
 great a likeness to his German towns. 
 
 Tradesmen's Tokens. — Connected with the trade of 
 the town, is the subject of tradesmens' tokens. It appears 
 that from and during the reign of Queen Elizabeth to that 
 of Charles the Second, the victuallers and tradesmen in 
 
THE FERRY 163 
 
 general, that is, all that pleased, coined small 
 money, or tokens, for the benefit and conve- 
 Inience of trade. And for this, in a manner, 
 there was a perfect necessity, since at that 
 time there were but few brass half-pennies 
 coined by authority, and no greater quantity 
 of farthings, which likewise were very small. 
 The traders continued to make them in this 
 manner until the year 1672, when King- 
 Charles the Second having struck a quantity 
 of half-pence and farthings for the intention 
 and exigencies of commerce, these nummorum 
 famuli were superseded, and an end put to these shifts 
 and practices of the victuallers and shop-keepers, as being 
 no longer either necessary or useful.* 
 
 Brentford Aytes. — There are two aytes near to Old 
 Brentford, one of which is commonly called Brentford 
 Ayte, a very pleasant spot of ground, on which is a public 
 house, which of late years, has been greatly improved by 
 making therein several fish ponds, and other ornaments for 
 the more agreeable reception of those who should make 
 use of this house : another ayte which nearly adjoins this, 
 is planted with oziers. These aytes are not included 
 within the boundary line of Ealing. 
 
 The Ferry is the property of John Haverfield, Esq. 
 the site and the produce being let upon lease, but no 
 buildings are allowed to be erected. Near the ferry there 
 formerly stood a public house on the banks of the river. 
 It was much frequented by the most notorious highway- 
 men, on account of the ease with which they could cross 
 to the Surrey side, if pursued. And many of the inhabi- 
 tants of Brentford used also to frequent the house from 
 curiosity to see and converse with those men. This public 
 house fell to pieces about thirty years ago. 
 
 Mr. Montgomrey's Timber Yard. — These extensive 
 
 * Numismatic Journal, vol. i. p. 273. 
 M 2 
 
164 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 premises have been occupied as a timber yard for more 
 than a century. The present proprietor purchased them 
 about forty years ago. Here is every kind of timber used 
 in building, and mahogany, some specimens of which, at 
 present to be seen here, are of extraordinary magnitude. 
 
 The Steam Saw and Planeing Mills are in full activity, 
 and give constant employment to a great number of hands. 
 The premises extend along the water side, and command 
 beautiful views of Kew Gardens, on the opposite side of 
 the river, as well as extensive prospects upwards towards 
 Isleworth, and downwards towards Kew. 
 
 Close by the road side, are situated seven small alms- 
 houses which have lately been repaired out of the Ealing 
 Dean rents. 
 
 The Police Station was established here in the year 
 1830, consisting of a division of the letter T. 
 
 The Committee Room, Engine House, and Parish Cage 
 is a substantial building, and was built in 1818, at the 
 expence of £600. 
 
 The Soap Manufactory is carried on by Messrs. T. B. 
 and L. Howe, since 1799. The premises had been previously 
 occupied as a garden. A considerable number of men are 
 employed; the concern is very pleasantly situated upon 
 the banks of the river. 
 
 Sir Felix Booth's Distillery, and Brewery annexed, 
 are situated on the north and south sides of the High 
 Street. The water-mill near the water side, by its height 
 forms a conspicuous object from the Thames. The 
 bullock house is the largest in this country, and is capable 
 of holding three hundred head of cattle. Over this is 
 the granary, which holds 15,000 quarters of corn, and is 
 supported by seventy-two columns. The quantity of the 
 spirit distilled is from 800,000 to 1,000,000 of gallons 
 annually. The amount of duty annually paid is from 
 
SIR FELIX BOOTH. 165 
 
 £320,000 to £400,000. The whole of the premises occupy 
 about eleven acres of land. 
 
 The Second Voyage to the North Pole, the scheme 
 of which was submitted in 1827, to Mr. Sheriff Booth, 
 with whose liberality and spirit, Capt. Ross was well 
 acquainted, but as at that time, the Parliamentary reward 
 of £20,000. was still held out to the discoverer of a north- 
 west passage, he declined, therefore, undertaking, in 
 what might be deemed by others, a mere mercantile specu- 
 lation. 
 
 In 1828, Capt. Ross again submitted his plan to the 
 Admiralty, but the answer was unfavourable ; he then 
 applied to Mr. Thornton, a well known London merchant, 
 but after a delay of three months he experienced a refusal. 
 Soon after a Bill was brought into Parliament, to repeal 
 that reward which had been hitherto held out for the dis- 
 covery of a north-west passage. These events had the 
 advantage of at least removing the scruples of Mr. Sheriff 
 Booth, and Captain Ross accordingly received from him, 
 in the most liberal and disinterested manner, entire power 
 to provide on his account, all that was deemed necessary 
 for the expedition. 
 
 On the 23rd of May, 1828, every arrangement having been 
 made complete, Captain Ross arrived at Woolwich, and 
 at three o'clock his deservedly esteemed friend Mr. Booth, 
 with his nephew, and two more gentlemen, went on board 
 with the intention of accompanying them to Margate, and 
 they sailed at six, and arrived at Gravesend at eleven 
 o'clock. They weighed anchor at six o'clock on the fol- 
 lowing morning, and upon their arrival at Margate, they 
 hailed a fishing boat, when his best friend and his com- 
 panions took leave, little foreseeing at that time the length 
 of their separation, and the doubts that would hereafter 
 arise, whether they should ever meet again on this side of 
 eternity. 
 
 The subsequent discoveries and protracted duration 
 of this remarkable voyage, are too well known to be 
 animadverted on here ; but the princely spirit of muni- 
 
166 HISTORY OF BRETFORD. 
 
 licence and 'generosity which Sir Felix Booth exhibited 
 on this occasion, deserve to be recorded on worthier and 
 more lasting pages than these; they were, indeed, duly 
 honoured and appreciated by his Sovereign, and have 
 acquired him the admiration and esteem of the present age, 
 and will assure him the gratitude of posterity.* Sir Felix 
 Booth is son of the late Philip Booth, of Russell Square, 
 and was created a baronet in 1834, with remainder, in 
 default of male issue, to the male issue of his brother 
 William Booth, Esq. of Roydon Lodge, Essex. 
 
 Messrs. J. Hazard and Co.'s Brewery. — This concern 
 was purchased by Sir Felix Booth, and the premises 
 rebuilt in the present handsome form. The brewing of 
 ale and beer is carried on to a great extent, and the large 
 building extends near to the water side. 
 
 The Royal Hotel adjoining, was also built by Sir 
 Felix Booth, and is a capacious and agreeable house, the 
 river front is very extensive and elegant, it is much 
 frequented by gentlemen, and travellers on the western 
 road. 
 
 Saint George's Chapel which forms a pleasing and con- 
 spicuous object on entering the town of Brentford, has 
 already been described in pages 128, 129. 
 
 The Brentford Gas Light Company, incorporated 
 by Act of Parliament, was formed in the year 1821, 
 the works having been previously erected by Messrs. 
 Barlow. That Act authorized the raising of £30,000. as 
 a capital of the company, with power to raise a further 
 capital of £7,500. if necessary. The whole of the above 
 capital was raised and expended in the course of a few 
 years, and in consequence of the great extent of the dis- 
 trict, and of the increasing demand for gas in its various 
 parts, it was necessary to raise a further sum of money 
 under an Act for that purpose obtained in 1842, which 
 
 * See Captain Ross's Narrative of Second Voyage to the Arctic Regions, 
 1829, 1838. 
 
GRAND JUNCTION WATER WORKS. 167 
 
 authorized the Company to borrow on bonds, a sum not 
 exceeding £20,000. 
 
 The Company have a very wide district, for they light 
 Brentford, Isleworth, Hounslow, Twickenham, Richmond, 
 Chiswick, Turnham Green, Hammersmith, Shepherd's 
 Bush, and the principal parts of Kensington. 
 
 The Grand Junction Water Works Company, is 
 situate near Kew Bridge. The Premises belonging to this 
 Company occupy altogether about 12 acres, new and 
 extensive reservoirs are now being formed, and a new 
 engine house erected. All these works will be hereafter 
 fully described. 
 
 It appears from the following affidavit, that bones and a 
 skeleton had been found in the soil of this neighbourhood 
 upwards of seventy years previous to the discoveries of 
 Mr. Trimmer already described.* 
 
 " George Armitage maketh oath, that about Michaelmas 
 last was twelvemonth, as he and others were clearing a 
 pit for tile clay for Mr. Thomas Barratt of Old Brentford, 
 about twenty-two feet deep, he dug up the bones of a 
 large beast of the bull kind. The strata of matter under 
 which they found it were first about eight feet of brick 
 earth, about twelve feet of gravel, and under sand of about 
 three feet, in which lay this skeleton of a monstrous size, 
 it seemed to be a perfect beast, but he took very little 
 care to preserve any part of it entire. f 
 
 The mark of 
 George -\- Armitage." 
 Sworn before me, this 
 Fifteenth day of February, 1740, 
 C. Lockyer. 
 
 Near Green Dragon-lane north of the High-street, is 
 the ground called the Dead Mans' Graves : tradition 
 declares that it is so called from having been the burial 
 
 * See page 0, ante. + Brit. Mus. Sloane MSS. No. 4437, ibl. 409. 
 
168 
 
 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 ground for the bodies of those who died of the plague in 
 the reign of Charles the Second. 
 
 The new North-road is a new street so called, branching 
 north from the High-street, towards the fields leading to 
 Ealing. 
 
 The following singular names occur in Old Brentford, 
 north of the High-street, Poppet's Pardon — Troy Town — 
 Cyrus Piece, (a field) ; Cole's Hole, a deep hole well filled 
 with water, stocked with abundance of fish; but the 
 natural food which they find there is [so good, that the 
 most skilful angler, with the most tempting bait can rarely 
 catch any. 
 
 On the south side of the road are erected four alms 
 houses with a circular open way in the centre, over which 
 is the following inscription. 
 
 Erected 
 
 In the year of our Lord, 
 
 1794. 
 
 GEORGE UNDERWOOD, ) ni , . 
 
 ' I Churchwardens. 
 JAMES MILLEE, } 
 
 Kew Bridge. — A wooden bridge was built over the 
 Thames at Kew, by Mr. John Barnard, in pursuance of 
 an Act of Parliament obtained in the thirtieth year of 
 George the Second, and it was finished in 1739. 
 
 The first stone of the present bridge, of which Mr. 
 Payne was the architect, was laid June 4th, 1783, and it 
 was opened September 22, 1789 ; this bridge, which is of 
 free stone, is 400 feet in length, exclusive of the abut- 
 ments, and consists of seven arches, the central one of which 
 is sixty-six feet wide, and twenty-two feet high. It was 
 originally the private property of Robert Tunstall, Esq. ; 
 having been built at his expence, as the former was at the 
 expence of his father, who was proprietor of the ferry. 
 
 It is now the private property of T. Robinson, Esq. 
 who purchased it of the representatives of the late owner 
 in the year 1819, and who is now the proprietor of the 
 adjoining brick and tile kilns formerly carried on by the 
 late Mr. Trimmer. 
 
HEALTH OF BRENTFORD. 169 
 
 Kew Ferry. — Grant to Basill Nicholl, and of the 
 ferry called Kew Ferry, in the tenure of Walter Hickman, 
 parcel of the Manor of Hampton Court.* Of all that 
 passage of the water over the Thames called Kew Ferry, 
 situate in the counties of Surrey and Middlesex, or in one 
 of them, with all its rights, liberties, profits, and appur- 
 tenances whatever to the said passage or ferry belonging 
 or appertaining, late in the tenure or occupation of Walter 
 Hickman, Esq. or his assigns, by the particular whereof 
 mentioned to have been assigned to him at the yearly 
 rent of 13s. 4d. parcel of the possessions of Hampton 
 Court. To hold to them and their assigns for ever. 
 
 Health of Brentford. — On a cursory view of the 
 circumstances of this town, one might be disposed to con- 
 sider it unhealthy. Several large factories are continually 
 tainting the air and the river, with their emanations and 
 refuse materials. There is no uniform or efficient system 
 of street drainage or sewerage, and many of the smaller 
 class of houses are so ill constructed, and so deficient in 
 the supply of water and other conveniences, as to be quite 
 unfit for human habitation. Add to this, the previous 
 livelihood of the tramps and garden labourers who abound 
 here, and- the dirt and intemperance by which poverty is 
 too generally accompanied, and we have little apparent 
 cause to expect any great degree of healthiness. 
 
 But in fact, the mortality of Brentford is by no means 
 high, nor are its epidemics frequent or severe. Typhus 
 is rare; and cholera, when at the worst, was far less 
 formidable than in many other towns. 
 
 The lowest rate of mortality in England is that of the 
 south-western counties, which have one death per year in 
 about fifty-two of population. In London about one in 
 thirty-eight dies annually ; in Brentford and the parish of 
 Ealing, nearly one in forty-four. This county town, 
 therefore, holds a middle place in point of salubrity 
 between the metropolis and the agricultural districts. 
 
 * Pat. 7 Car. p. 4, Nov. 28. n. 1. 
 
170 HISTORY OF BRENTFORD. 
 
 That the sanatory condition of Brentford is thus far 
 satisfactory, may probably be due to its situation on the 
 bank of the tidal river, to the inclined surface and porous 
 quality of its soil, and to the fact that the houses of the 
 alleys and back lanes, where disease might be expected to 
 originate, are not so high as to impede ventilation, and 
 are seldom provided with cellars, the inhabiting of which 
 is in so many towns, as in Liverpool especially, a fertile 
 source of disease. It is, no doubt, favourable to the air of 
 Brentford, that it is surrounded by market gardens, which 
 are invariably kept clean and well drained. 
 
 The total number of births and deaths in the districts 
 of Brentford, comprising New Brentford and Ealing, at 
 the end of the seventh year of the operation of the New 
 Registration Act, was, births 2154, deaths 1673. The 
 average being 307 f births in each year, and 239 deaths in 
 the same period. The excess of births over deaths being; 
 481. 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 EALING 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 EALING. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Name — Situation — Boundaries and Extent — Roads and Highways — Popu- 
 lation — Agriculture and Soil — Land Tax — Parochial Eates. 
 
 Name. — This parish is not mentioned in Domesday 
 book, but it is supposed to be included in the Manor of 
 Fulham. The manner of spelling its name varies much 
 in ancient records, viz. Yelling, Yealinge, Zelling, and 
 Ealing ; though Newcourt does not mention the last, it is 
 certain that it has ever been most prevalent, and is now 
 universally adopted. 
 
 Ealing is in the Hundred of Ossulstone, in the county 
 of Middlesex, and in the Diocese of London, and is 
 situated about seven miles west of London. It is bounded 
 on the east by Chiswick, Acton, and Twyford ; on the west 
 by New Brentford, Hanwell, and Greenford; on the 
 north by the river Brent, Harrow, and Perivale ; and on 
 the south by the Thames. 
 
 The parish is about three miles and a half from north 
 to south, and two miles one furlong from east to west, and 
 about thirteen miles in circumference, being nearly an 
 oblong square. It contains about three thousand eight 
 hundred acres according to the late parochial survey. 
 There are also twenty-six acres of land lying in the 
 parish of Chiswick, which belong to Ealing. 
 
 The parish is nominally divided into upper and lower 
 
174 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 sides ; the parochial business of the upper or Ealing side, 
 is superintended by an upper side churchwarden and two 
 overseers; that of the lower or Brentford side, by the 
 same number of officers as the upper side. But the rate- 
 payers of the entire parish constitute one vestry, and the 
 parochial rates and expences are brought to one general 
 account. 
 
 The poor rates are much reduced, being on an average 
 of three shillings in the pound. This parish is included in 
 the Brentford Poor Law Union, and sends five guardians 
 to the board. 
 
 The parish pays the sum of £981. 2s. to the Land Tax, 
 which in the year 1844, was at the rate of one shilling in 
 the pound. 
 
 Ealing has about sixteen miles of private roads sup- 
 ported by the parish, under an Act of Parliament passed 
 in the year 1767, called " An Act for the more effectual 
 Repairing and Widening the Highways within this Parish, 
 and for Lighting the Street in Old Brentford, from KeAv 
 Bridge to the Half Acre." This Act is under the manage- 
 ment of sixteen trustees, and the annual amount of rate is 
 generally about nine pence in the pound, one shilling is 
 the full extent allowed by the Act. 
 
 The soil is various, viz. clay, gravel, and loam, or brick 
 earth. In a stratum of gravel in this parish as before 
 related, have been found many bones, and horns of deer, 
 and below these strata lies the great body of blue clay, in 
 which are abundance of nautili and other marine shells. 
 
 The village of Ealing is situated on the north and south 
 side of Uxbridge-road, at the distance of about seven 
 miles from Tyburn Turnpike. 
 
 The Population within the two last centuries, appears 
 to have increased in a proportion of more than five to 
 one. In 1795, there were about seven hundred houses 
 in the parish ; about five hundred of which were within 
 the hamlet of Old Brentford; according to the returns 
 made to Parliament, under the Population Act passed in 
 1811, there were then 922 inhabited, and 2\ uninhabited 
 houses in the parish ; the population at that time was 5361 ; 
 
POPULATION. 175 
 
 the present number is, according to the last official returns, 
 as follows : — 
 
 Population, Males 1,590 
 
 Females 1,630 
 
 EALING. 
 
 Houses Inhabited »588 
 
 „ Uninhabited 49 
 
 „ Building 9 
 
 Total 3,220 
 
 Total.... 646 
 
 LITTLE EALING. 
 
 Population, Males 49 
 
 Females 80 
 
 Total.... 129 
 
 Houses Inhabited 20 
 
 OLD BEENTFOED. 
 
 Population, Males 2,411 
 
 Females 2,647 
 
 Total 5058 
 
 Houses Inhabited 999 
 
 „ Uninhabited 47 
 
 „ Building 23 
 
 Total.... 1069 
 
 The entire parish of Ealing, (including 71 haymakers 
 temporally employed, and 17 persons in barges) contains 
 8,407 Inhabitants. 
 
 Yearly averages of Poor Rates. Expenditure. 
 
 s. d. £. s. d. 
 On the nine years previously to the introduction of the 
 
 New Police -3 4 4278 
 
 On the six years from the New Police to the forma- 
 tion of the Union 4 1 5134 6 8 
 
 On the eight years since the formation of the Union 2 10 3978 13 3 
 
 Shewing an annual average 
 
 Increase in the former period of 9 .... . 856 6 8 
 
 Decrease of the latter of 1 3 1155 13 5 
 
 Assessed by House Duty. — Eeceived by Taxes <£l,280. 
 
 Ditto in Window Duty 2,166 
 
 Ditto in other duties 2,754 
 
 Parochial Eental of buildings £l 9,532. 
 
 Land 12,627. 
 
 Empty 1,089. 
 
 Vestry Votes, Ealing and Brentford, 778. 
 The above includes pluralities. 58 Geo. 3, cap. 69, clause III. 
 
176 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Rectory and Vicarage — Vicars — Ancient Inventory of Church Goods — Monu- 
 ments and Inscriptions — Charities and Benefactions — Charity Schools — 
 Extracts from the Parish Books — Church Bells — Parochial Perambulations. 
 
 The Old Church having fallen down on the &7th of 
 March, 1729, an Act of Parliament was passed for 
 rebuilding it, and a brief was obtained for that purpose, 
 but it was more than ten years before the new church was 
 completed. 
 
 It is a brick building, forming an oblong square, of 
 which the chancel occupies a certain portion. At the 
 west end is a square embattled tower. The church is 
 40 feet high, 95 feet long, and 50 feet wide, and paved with 
 stone ; the pews are grained, and painted white inside. 
 The pulpit is octagonal and grained, as well as the reading 
 and clerk's desks, which are quadrangular. The cieling 
 is white, ornamented in the centre with a large rosette 
 from which is suspended a handsome brass chandelier, 
 there are also rosettes at the four corners. 
 
 The three galleries are supported by 12 pillars; in the 
 front are painted in gold letters the parochial charities. 
 At the west end is placed the organ in a plain mahogany 
 case. The east end or chancel, is occupied by a large 
 Venetian window with pilasters, underneath the centre 
 space is covered with crimson cloth, on which is embroi- 
 dered the monogram I. H. S. On either side is written 
 in black letters, the Decalogue on a variegated marble 
 painted ground. Two antique carved oak chairs are 
 placed on each side of the Communion Table, and the 
 rails are of mahogany. 
 
 The Parish Church of Ealing is dedicated to 
 St. Mary, and is subject to the jurisdiction of the Bishop of 
 London, or his Commissary. Robert de Balmeis, Bishop 
 
ST. MARY'S CHURCH, EALINC. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, OLD BRENTFORD. 
 

PARISH CHURCH. 17 i 
 
 of London, in the reign of Henry the First, gave the 
 tithes of Ealing to angment the salary of an officer in the 
 church of St. Paul's, called the Master of the Schools. 
 But this officer or Master of the Schools, being afterwards 
 changed into Cancellarius, or Chancellor of the Church, 
 it is not unlikely, but these tithes of Yeling, upon that 
 or upon some other occasion, reverted to the Bishops 
 of London, for it appears, that in the year 1308, the 
 church of Ealing was appropriated by Bishop Baldock 
 to the Chancellor, on certain conditions, viz. to pay the 
 sum of £10. per annum to the Vicar of Ealing, and to 
 read lectures in divinity, either in his own person, or 
 by a sufficient deputy, on penalty of forfeiting the whole 
 profits of the rectory, a third of which in that case, was 
 allotted to a lecturer, a third to the repairs of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral, and a third for the maintenance of the greater 
 and lesser Canons of the Church.* In the taxation of 
 1327, the church of Ealing was rated at twenty-five marks. 
 In the reign of Edward the Sixth, the rectory was valued 
 at £22., the vicarage at £13. 65. Self 
 
 The parsonage of Ealing, valued at £84. 85. per annum 
 over and above the reserved rent, was sold in the year 
 1650 to Thomas Lycott, Esq., the lessee, for the sum of 
 £524. 12s. The vicarage with its glebe, was then valued 
 at £60. per annum. The late Dr. William King was 
 lessee of the rectory, the lease of which was purchased 
 of his representatives by the late Thomas Bramley, Esq., 
 of East Acton, and the late Mr. Thomas Harrington, of 
 Old Brentford. The lease is now the property of Thomas 
 Smith, Esq. and the Rev. Thomas Jennins Bramley. The 
 rectory house is in the tenure of Dr. Francis Nicholas. 
 The vicarage is in the patronage of the Bishop of London; 
 the present vicar is the Rev. John Smith, B.D. 
 
 * The rectorial property upon the death of the late Chancellor Dr. Richardson 
 passed to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. They have refused to pay the 
 £10. per annum to the Vicar. 
 
 + See the Endowment of the Vicarage, London Registers Baudake, f. 19. 
 Curt. Antiq. St. Paul's, No. 1422, 1423. Grant of a Vicarage House, No. 1420. 
 
 Rot. Pat. 2 Edw. II. p. 2. m. 15. Inq. ad quod damn. 1 Edw. II. No. 40. 
 
 N 
 
178 
 
 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 VICARS OF EALING. 
 
 
 
 Rog. de Thorlaston. 
 
 
 1372, 
 
 April 8. 
 
 Robert cle Haytncld. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1386, 
 
 Nov. 12. 
 
 William Semley. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1386, 
 
 Feb. 11. 
 
 John Dames. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1390, 
 
 Oct. 25. 
 
 David Bagator. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1398, 
 
 Dec. 7. 
 
 Nic. Bourne. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1399, 
 
 Oct. 18. 
 
 Will. Wright, 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1400, 
 
 Sept. 15. 
 
 John Dumeld. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1407, 
 
 Dec. 21. 
 
 Baldwin Bagatour. 
 
 
 1437, 
 
 Aug. 2. 
 
 Joh. Mallony. 
 
 Resig, 
 
 1443, 
 
 July 18. 
 
 Joh. Smith. 
 Ric. Burton. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1451, 
 
 Nov. 26. 
 
 Thos. Curteys, L.L .B. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1478, 
 
 Maii 28. 
 
 Will. Tournour, A.M. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1503, 
 
 Sept. 15. 
 
 Thos. Everard. 
 
 
 1513, 
 
 Dec. 9. 
 
 Sim. King. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1537, 
 
 Jan. 19. 
 
 Will. Havard. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1566, 
 
 Feb. 1. 
 
 Oliver Stoning, S.T.B. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1571, 
 
 Nov. 26. 
 
 Thos. Ry croft. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1582, 
 
 April 7. 
 
 Thos. Knight, A.M. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1591, 
 
 Nov. 26. 
 
 Ric. Smart. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1602, 
 
 Oct. 
 
 Joh. Bromneld, A.M. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1610, 
 
 Jan. 29. 
 
 Edw. Abbot, A.M. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1615, 
 
 Jan. 19. 
 
 Ric. Tavernor, A.M. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1638, 
 
 Oct. 13. 
 
 Rob. Cooper, LL. B. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1660, 
 
 Jan. 4. 
 
 Will. Beveridge, A.M. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1673, 
 
 Apr. 29. 
 
 Seth Lamb, A.M. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1702, 
 
 Jan. 26. 
 
 William Hall, A.M. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1719, 
 
 Feb. 9. 
 
 Thomas Mangey, LL.D 
 William Hall. 
 
 prom. 
 
 1754, 
 
 Sept. 26. 
 
 John Botham, M.A. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1773, 
 
 Dec. 10. 
 
 Charles Sturgess, M.A. 
 
 Death. 
 
 1797, 
 
 Sept. 21. 
 
 Colston Carr, LL.B. 
 
 Resig. 
 
 1822, 
 
 June 1. 
 
 Herbert Oakeley, Clerk. 
 
 Death C. Carr. 
 
 1834, 
 
 Mar. 19. 
 
 John Smith, B.D. per 
 
 Resig. Sir 
 
 Herbert Oakeley, Clerk, Bart. 
 
VICARS OF EALING. 179 
 
 LECTURESHIP. 
 
 John Bowman, B.D. chancellor of St. Paxil's, who died 
 in 1629, founded a lectureship, and endowed it with forty 
 pounds per annum. 
 
 Robert Cooper, who had been collated to the vicarage 
 of Ealing in 1638, was ejected by the puritans, and his 
 place supplied by Daniel Carmarthen. 
 
 Thomas Gilbert was presented in 1654, by Francis 
 Albin, Esq. who it is probable, was then in possession of 
 the manor. It happened, that upon the Restoration, this 
 Gilbert was the first person who was deprived of his 
 benefice, on which account he desidered that it might be 
 inscribed upon his tomb, that he was the proto-martyr to 
 the cause of non-conformity. 
 
 Robert Cooper was reinstated in the vicarge of Ealing, 
 which he enjoyed but a few months, being succeeded in the 
 month of January, 1660-1, by William Beveridge, one of 
 the most learned prelates of the English church, who was 
 born in 1638, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. 
 Here he applied himself with such intense application to 
 the study of Eastern Literature, as to publish in his twentieth 
 year a Latin " Treatise on the excellence and use of the 
 Oriental Languages," in which he reviews the Hebrew, 
 Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, and Samaritan tongues. About 
 the same time also, he produced a Syriac- Grammar. 
 Being ordained in 1661, he obtained this vicarage on the 
 collation of Dr. Sheldon, Bishop of London ; but in 1672, 
 being presented to the rectory of St. Peter's, Cornhill, by 
 the Corporation of London, he resigned this piece of 
 preferment, and removed to the metropolis. In 1681, he 
 was raised to the archdeaconry of Colchester, with a 
 prebendal stall in St. Paul's Cathedral. On the depriva- 
 tion of Dr. Kenn in 1691, the See of Bath and Wells was 
 offered to his acceptance, which, however, he declined, from 
 
 n2 
 
180 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 conscientious motives ; nor was it till 1704 that he took 
 his seat on the bench as Bishop of St. Asaph. This new 
 dignity, however, was enjoyed by him little more than 
 three years, his death taking place at Westminster in 
 1708, in his 71st year. He was a voluminous writer on 
 theological and philological subjects. All parties have 
 united in bearing testimony to the piety and simplicity of 
 his character. He left the principal part of his property to 
 charitable uses, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral.* 
 
 Dr. Mangey. — Thomas Mangey, Fellow of St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, B.A. there 1707; M.A., 1711; 
 LL.D., 1719; D.D., 1725 ; Rector of St. Nicholas, Guild- 
 ford, 1717; Rector of St. Mildred's, Bread-street, and 
 Chaplain at Whitehall, was early distinguished by his 
 " Practical Discourses upon the Lord's Prayer," first 
 printed by Mr. Bowyer in 1716 ; as were also the second 
 and third editions in 1717 and 1721 ; and in 1718, 
 " Remarks on Nazarenus." In January, 1719, he published 
 " Plain Notions of our Lord's Divinity, a Sermon preached 
 on Christmas-day." In June, 1719, " The Eternal Exist- 
 ence of our Lord Jesus Christ, a Visitation Sermon." In 
 October that year, " The Holiness of Christian Churches, 
 a Sermon preached at Sunderland, on Consecrating a new 
 church there;" and the " Providential Sufferings of 
 Good Men, a Thirtieth of January Sermon before the 
 House of Commons, 1720." " A Defence of the Bishop 
 of London's Letter, 1719, 8vo. ;" and besides the sermons 
 already mentioned, he printed five single ones in 1716, 
 1726, 1729, 1730, and 1733. 
 
 May 11th, 1721, he was presented to a Prebend, (the 
 5th stall), in the Cathedral Church at Durham, being at 
 that time styled, LL.D. Chaplain to Dr. Robinson, Bishop 
 of London, and Vicar of Ealing, in the county of 
 Middlesex. 
 
 He was advanced to the first stall of Durham, Dec. 22, 
 1722, and was one of the seven doctors in divinity, created 
 July 6, 1725, when Dr. Bentley delivered the famous 
 
 * Biog. Britan. 
 
VICARS OF EALING. 181 
 
 oration prefixed to his " Terence ;" and at the end of 
 the year 1726, he circulated proposals for an edition of 
 " Philo-Judseus," which he completed in 1742. 
 
 Dr. Mangey died, March 11, 1755; his "Manuscript 
 Remarks on the New Testament," came into the possession 
 of Mr. Bowyer, who extracted from them many short 
 notes, which are inserted in his " Conjectures," under 
 the signature of " Anonym." 
 
 Dr. Mangey married Dorothy, daughter of Archbishop 
 Sharp ; by whom he had one son, John, Vicar of Dunmow, 
 in Essex, 1754 ; and a Prebendary of St. Paul's. 
 
 Mrs. Mangey, the doctor's widow, died in July, 1780, 
 and his son in November, 1782.* 
 
 Dr. Mangey who was universally allowed to be a man 
 of great learning, said, " that he always thought he could 
 sit as long at his studies as any man, till he came to live 
 in the same house as Mr Carte, who used to write or read 
 from early in the morning till night, only allowing him- 
 self time to take a dish of tea or something of that kind, 
 so that," adds the Doctor, " I could not keep pace with 
 him at all." When his studies of the day were over, he 
 would eat heartily ; and when he was in company, was 
 very cheerful and entertaining, without the least tincture 
 of moroseness or reserve, but extremely negligent of 
 propriety or neatness in externals. f 
 
 The Rev. Charles Sturgess, was the son of the Rev. 
 Charles Sturgess, and Sarah, sister of Ambrose Isted, Esq. 
 of Eston, in the county of Northumberland. He was 
 nearly forty-two years vicar of St. Mary's, Reading ; Pre- 
 bendary of the Cathedrals of St. Paul and Salisbury, and 
 chaplain to Earl Cadogan, formerly fellow of King's 
 College, Cambridge; B.A. 1762; A.M. 1765; he was 
 vicar for a short time of Kenton, Devon, 1763, and of 
 Ealing from 1775 to 1797. The Rectory of Chelsea was 
 offered to Mr. Sturgess, not merely because he stood in 
 the clerical line, the nearest in family connection with the 
 heirs of Sir Hans Sloane ; but, because they had known him 
 
 * Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i. p. 134. Gent. Mag. 1780-2. 
 t Nichols, vol. ii. p. 515. 
 
182 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 for more than twenty years past in their neighbourhood 
 of Reading; the Bishop of Durham collated him to a 
 prebend in his Church at Salisbury, expressly on account 
 of his character and conduct being so well known to his 
 lordship when his diocesan, indeed, his patron. Bishop 
 Terrick said, he was one of the best parish priests he ever 
 knew. 
 
 He has a copy of Latin verses in the Musse Etonenses, 
 and another in the Academiae Cantabrigiensis Luctus, on 
 the death of King George the Second. Mr. Sturgess also 
 printed some papers on Confirmation, with a Prayer. 
 Religion and Loyalty, a Sermon, preached at Reading, 
 1792,which was published at the request of the parishioners. 
 
 He expired on the 22nd of April, 1805, after only half 
 an hour's illness, from an apoplectic seizure, immediately 
 before the hour of dinner, at the Rectory of Loddington, 
 Northamptonshire, and his remains were interred in the 
 chancel of that church, on the 2nd of May following. 
 
 By his surviving wife Penelope, daughter of James 
 Walter, Esq. of Hurst, Berkshire, and niece to Bishop 
 Terrick, he left six daughters. His son the Rev. Charles 
 Sturgess, A.M. a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 
 died at Worthing, in 1802, at the age of twenty-seven. 
 
 In the church of St. Mary's, at Reading, are tablets in 
 memory of Dr. Sturgess and his son.* 
 
 In the Memoirs of Mrs. Trimmer is the following 
 respectful mention of him. " The Rev. Mr. Sturgess was 
 many years Vicar of Ealing, during the time that Mrs. 
 Trimmer was a resident in the parish ; and seldom docs it 
 fall to the lot of any place to enjoy the blessing of a more 
 conscientious minister, or a more affectionate pastor. In 
 every part of his duty he was indefatigable, admonishing 
 in season and out of season, persuading, exhorting his 
 flock to walk in the path of duty, or to return to it if they 
 had unhappily strayed. The sick were visited, the igno- 
 rant instructed, the distressed relieved, and. all watched 
 over with a regard almost paternal." 
 
 * Gentleman's Magazine. L805 
 
CHURCH INVENTORY. 183 
 
 Amongst other objects of his paternal care, Sunday- 
 Schools engrossed much of the attention of this excellent 
 parish priest. No sooner did he hear of the plan suggested 
 by Mr. Raikes, of Gloucester, for collecting the children 
 of the poor on the Sabbath-day, than he was desirous of 
 having Schools of that description in the parish of Ealing. 
 
 He communicated his wishes to Mrs. Trimmer, and 
 found in her a most ready assistant. By their united 
 efforts Schools were established, and though the faithful 
 pastor of his nock who first projected them, and his zealous 
 and active coadjutor are now no more, the Schools con- 
 tinue to exist, and to be productive of essential benefit 
 amongst the rising generation.* 
 
 The Rev. Colston Carr, LL.B. was of St. John's Col- 
 lege, Cambridge, LL.B. in 1772, and was presented to 
 this Vicarage in 1797, by Dr. Porteus, Bishop of London. 
 He died Jury 6th, 1822, aged eighty-three years. 
 
 Church Inventory. — In the year 1552, by command 
 of Edward the Sixth, surveys and inventories of Church 
 goods were taken by Commissioners, which from their 
 exactness, and their contents, are very interesting docu- 
 ments, for they furnish us with complete notions of the 
 furniture of our Churches, and the value of each article 
 mentioned. A book in the Augmentation Office exhibits 
 the following inventory relative to this Parish Church. 
 
 Yelinge. — We, the Jury doo present and testify the 
 goods, plate, ornaments, Jewells, and bells, belongynge 
 and apertaynynge to the Church of Yelinge, in the 
 comptye of Middlesex, as well as w th in the inventory 
 takyn by r the Kyng's Majysty's commessyoners, as well as 
 also the goods belonyng to the same Churche and paiysh, 
 not beyinge in the inventory w th rerages and other depts 
 belongynge to the same Churche as apereth hereafter 
 most playnly testyfyed by us the same jury, the fyth daye 
 of Awgoost, in the yere our Lorde God, a thousande fyve 
 
 * Life of Mrs. Trimmer, vol. ii. p. 05. 
 
184 HISTOKY OF EALIN«. 
 
 hundredtlie fifthy and two, and in the sixth yerc of the 
 regne of our Sovereign Lord Kynge Edwarde the Sexte, 
 by the grace of God, of Inglande, Fraunce, and Ierlande, 
 Kynge Defcndour of the Faithe, and of the Church of 
 England and Ierlande, the supreme head emedyately 
 under God. 
 
 This inventory made the tenthe day of March, in the 
 thyrde yeare of the reyne of our mooste dreade Sovereigne 
 Kynge Edward the Sexth, by the grace of God, of 
 Inglande, Fraunce, and Ierlande, Kinge Defendor of the 
 Faithe, and of England and Ierlande, the supreme hede 
 emedyately under God, of all such goods as ar in the 
 parysshe Churche of Yelynge, in the comptye of Myddle- 
 sex, by the consent of William Harwoode Clarke, vicar of 
 the same parysshe, William Page and Robert Baldock, 
 churchwardens of the same ; Symond Harmiger, Symonde 
 Cooke, Richard Aytworthe, and Thomas Camon, of the 
 said parysshe, was witnesse to the same.* 
 
 BSttpVtttttSu — Three Chalicesf w th patents of sylver, and 
 
 gylte thother two sylwer parsell gylte. 
 Item. — A pyxe of sylver parsell gylte. 
 Item. — A pyxe of copper* gylt, and a clothe to the same 
 
 pyke. 
 Item. — A crosse of copper and gylte. 
 Item. — A cross of Latten gylte. 
 
 * Item. — That ye and every of you do instructe and teach your parishioners 
 the King's Majestie to he the only supreme head under Chryst in erthe of this 
 his Churche of Englande, unto whom all potentates and powers of the same 
 owen to obey, being thereto obliged and bounde by Goddes worde. — Tnjunct. 
 by Bishop of Coventry ondLychefielde. Burnet's Hist. Reform, vol. iii. p. 162. 
 
 + Chalices. — They were to have in every Church one or two chalices of 
 silver. — Burnet's Hist. Reform, vol. i. p. 7-L 
 
 I A pyke of copper, &c. — Pyx, or little chest, from the Latin word pyxis a 
 box, in which the consecrated host was kept; that a pix and a pax were 
 different things, may be seen from the following passage in the " History of 
 our blessed Lady of Loretto, p. 595." A cup, and a sprinkle of holy water, a 
 pix and a pax, all of excellent chrystal. Again, in Stowe's Chronicle, p. 077, 
 " palmes, chalices, crones, vestments, pixes, paxes, and such like." 
 
CHURCH INVENTORY. 185 
 
 Item. — A cross of Latten gylte,* and a poste to the same. 
 Item. — VIII. copperas cases,f and stoles for the same. 
 Item. — Two pair hangyngs to high aultor, one payr of 
 
 black vellett thother payr of whytt satten and 
 
 redd, one payr of hangings for a sycle aultor, one 
 
 pair of black vellet damask. 
 Item. — One hole sewte of redd vellett, and one cope of 
 
 the same sorte. 
 Item. — One vestment of redd, and a coope of the same. 
 Item. — One sewte of whyte damask, and a coope to the 
 
 same.J 
 Item. — A sewte of black vellett, and a coope to the same. 
 Item. — One other sewte of damask, and a coope to the same. 
 Item. — Six other vests of sondrye coulers for every daye. 
 Item. — Twoe other oulde coopes for the Sondayes. 
 Item. — One crosse of sylke, and two streamers of sylke. 
 Item. — Two streamers of lynen. 
 Item. — Eyght aultor clothes of lynen to lay upon the 
 
 aultor s. 
 Item. — Four to wells of dyeper, and two payre of clothes. 
 Item. — Six Gospelles corplesscs for the preast and clarkc. 
 Item. — One camary, and one cope of satten. 
 
 * A crosse of Latten gylte. — Latten is still a common name for tin in the 
 north: so Tuberville in Ms book of Falconry, p. 1575. "You must set her 
 latten bason, or a vessel of stone or earth." So, in the old metrical romance 
 of Sir Bevis of Hampton, b. 9. Windows of latten set with glasse. 
 
 + Eight Corporas Cases. — So called from their being used to cover the 
 wafer, which was called Christ's corpse or body, these were usually made of 
 very rich materials, sometimes they are made of cloth of gold. 
 
 J A coope of the same. — A sacerdotal cloak or vestment, worn in sacred 
 ministration, from the Saxon coppe, the height or top of a thing, cop, head, 
 from the British word koppa, the top or highest part. The capa was so called 
 a capiendo, because it contained or covered the whole man. It was anciently 
 covered with gold fringe, (Fimbria aurese Matt. Paris, 2 Hen. III. sub. anno 
 Dni 1246,) and Linwood, p. 252. This ancient habiliment is frequently 
 alluded to by the father of English poesy : — 
 
 " Alass ! why werest thou so wide a cope ? 
 Gold give me sorwe, but, and I were Pope." 
 
 The Monkes' Prologue, 1895. 
 
186 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 MORE OF THE CHURCHE. 
 
 Item. — Four* antiphoners, two of them parchment, the 
 other paper ; and iiii grayles, f three of parch- 
 ment, the other paper; and fyve mass books, 
 three of parchment, and two of paper ; and one 
 Legent* booke and two m.anuells.§ 
 
 Item. — A Byble and a Paraphrase of Erasmus, and S 
 Psahlter bookes, and a booke of Omeleys, and 
 a bowk of hymnalles. 
 
 Item. — A payre of orgayns,^! and three great standards, 
 and four small standards of Latten, and xv 
 Candlestycks of Latten for the Roode Lyght, 
 and two basons, and two ewers, and two sensors 
 of latten, and two latten baskets for two tapars 
 to stand in, and one holly water stock of latten. 
 
 Item. — In Steple five great bels,** and a small bell. • 
 
 * Four Antiphonars. — An Antiphonar, from avri, contra, and (fccvvj, 
 sonus, so called from the alternate repetition of the Psalm, one part being sung 
 by one part of the choir, and the other by the other part of the choir, and 
 contained not only the antiphony, as the word barely signifies, but also the 
 invitations, hymns, responsories, verses, collects, and whatever was said or 
 sung in the choir, called the Seven hours, or Breviary, except the lessons. 
 
 f And iiii. grayles, graduals. The Gradual takes its name from the prayer 
 chaunted gradatim, after the Epistle. It is the choir book used for singing 
 mass. 
 
 \ And one Legent booke. It contains the Lessons to be read in the Matin 
 Office, taken from the Old and New Testament, or the Homilies and Saints' 
 Lives. 
 
 § And two Manuells. The Ritual containing all things belonging to the 
 Sacramentals and Benedictions. 
 
 ^[ A payre of organs, was the term at that time, when there were two 
 kinds of organs, the one fixed and the other portable ; adapted, perhaps, to the 
 size of the Church, or to its revenues. The portable organs were probably 
 divisible into two parts, and hence obtained the name of a pair. This con- 
 tinued to be the term so late as the reign of James the First. They were 
 usually placed in the rood loft, between the nave and chancel of the church. 
 
 ** In the steeple, Jive great bells. The Catholics baptize bells in the name 
 of the Father, Son, and tloly Ghost, and dedicate them to saints, using holy 
 water, holy oil, incense and prayers in the ceremony, and according to the 
 Missal of Salisbury, there were godfathers and godmothers to the bells, who 
 
CHURCH INVENTORY. 1ST 
 
 Item. — Two hand bells,* and two sakaryne bells. 
 
 Item. — The chauncell kevered in with leade, and a chest 
 with three locks. 
 
 Item. — Two lether Quesshions stuffed with fethers. 
 
 Item. — A Church Howse two tables and formes, a carpet 
 stole, three table clothes, two spy ttes, seven platters 
 of pewter, seven pewter dyshes, and sawspons, 
 and two quart potts of pewter, and two small 
 cobhards, two brass potts, and a cauldron, and 
 a kettyl, and two sault sellers of pewter. 
 
 ©ertgtt ©OO&g gOfol&e as aperethe hereafter. 
 Imprimis. — Sowlde to Nycholas Mann, goldsmyth, dwel- 
 lynge in Chepesyd, 2 challis being no pastell 
 of the forsyde inventory taken by the kyngs 
 Commessioners in whych two challis wear 
 sowlde the fVrst vere of this reisme of 
 our sovereign Lord King Edwarde the 
 Sixth:— .... viii 11 - 
 
 MORE SOWLDE. 
 
 Item. — Sowlde to Bryan Evans, founder, dwelling in 
 Lothbury, a pyxe of copper and gylte and a 
 cross of latten gylte, and a foote to the same 
 crosse. 
 
 Item. — Eour great standards and four small standards, and 
 on lyttelcandlestyck,and xv candlesticks belong- 
 ing to the Rode lyte, and two basens, and two 
 ewers of latten, and two sensers, and a holly 
 water stock of latten, and two basens of latten 
 
 gave them their names. Durandus, the great Catholic authority for the 
 Mysterious Services of his Church, explains at large, the allegorical signification 
 of bells. — See Ration. Divin. Offic. lib. i. cap. 4. 
 
 * Two hand bells and a sakaring bell. The little bell, which is rung to 
 give notice of the Host approaching, when it is earned in procession, as also 
 in other offices of the Eomish Church, is called sacring, or consecrating bell, 
 from the French word mere. — Theobald. Annotat. Hen. VIII. 
 
188 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 for two tapers to stand in, and two hand bels 
 and sakyreyne bels all latten and copper 
 
 the pound s d. 
 
 wyenge iii xxviii. iii xviii. 
 
 Item. — Sowlde to Margarett Buckmaster, for a tabernacle 
 
 viiis. 
 Item. — Thomas Longe for the sign picture and old bason 
 
 vs. Yiiid. 
 Item. — Received of James Steyn for a presse xiis. Yiiid. 
 Item. — Margaret Lyggon, for a basen of latten ys. 
 Item. — Received for waxe iiis. iiiie?. 
 Received for images iiii^?. 
 The forseyde Churchwardens and Paryshioners do 
 declare that they have bestowed in repayringe and mayn- 
 taynynge their Church, alterations of necessary ornaments 
 for the mayntenance of these devyne servyces according 
 to their bownden dewties during the tyme of syx yeares 
 passed they have bestowed and layd owt to the some of 
 xiii 1L ii s - parcel of the foresayd some of depts, rerages, 
 and other goods solde. S. M. xiii 11, ii 8. 
 
 And so remaynyth to the Church in Reddy money in 
 the custody of the Churchwardens with the depts 
 remaynyth in Edmond Cooks hand mentioned here 
 before iii 11 * xi s * ob. 
 
 Yelling. — One Nedler gave 
 unto the said Churche for the 
 finding a lampe continually to 
 burne in the said Churche, one 
 acre of arrable lande lyinge in 
 Braynford fielde in tholding of 
 
 Richard Belvm bv him XX d ' Whereof to the Bishop of London in 
 
 quit rent viid. 
 
 William Nedler kepethe* 
 yerely in the said Churche an 
 obite accordyng to the will and 
 tenor of a coppy to him made 
 and granted by William Nedler 
 
 Chantry Koll Augment. OfTicr 
 
CHURCH INVENTORY. 189 
 
 his father, of the rent yerely 
 going out of one cottage w th a 
 curtylage and ii acres of lande 
 lyeing in Weste Yeling, in the 
 occupation of the said Willm. 
 Nedler, whiche lands are by 
 
 yere xiiii 3. Whereof spent at the obite with 5s. 
 
 to the pore vis. \iiid. 
 
 There is Houslyng people w in the said pyshe, the 
 number of ccclx.* 
 
 Doctor Baughe he is pson ther, and the benefys is 
 worthe by the yere xxii 11 - and that Sir Willyam Hayward 
 is Vicar ther and his vycarage is by yere xiii IL vi s - viii d - 
 and sarveth the Cure himself. 
 
 There is belongyng to the sayd Churche a tent, called 
 the Church House, which was of the gifte of Master 
 Frowyck, for to kepe a drynkyng for the relyefth of 
 the pore. 
 
 Richard Bynorthe doth yerely kepe an obit in the same 
 Churche, for who, it is not certyfyed nor what landes or 
 tents, were given for the mayntenance of the same. 
 
 Willm. Ingram gave a certain cottage to Symon Coke, 
 to thentente, as it is said, the said Symon should bestowe 
 yerely upon an obite for the soule of Willm. Ingram iiii 8 - 
 and the residue towards the reparacyon of the said cottage, 
 which cottage was solde by Symon Coke to Robert Ingram, 
 and ther hathe no obite ben kepte nor the proftttes thereof 
 by the space of two yeres past. 
 
 In the year 1681, the Right Reverend Father in God, 
 Dr. Henry Compton, bishop of London, consecrated a 
 piece of ground containing ten or twelve rods adjoining, 
 as an addition to the Church-yard, which ground was 
 given by Dr. Humphry Henchman, his immediate prede- 
 cessor in that see. 
 
 * Chantry Eoll Augment. Office. 
 
190 HISTORY OF EALING 
 
 MONUMENTS AND MONUMENTAL INSCRIP- 
 TIONS INSIDE THE CHURCH. 
 
 On the wall of the north aisle, at the west end, is a 
 circular marble tablet, surrounded with a curled serpent, 
 the emblem of eternity — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Eobert Orme, 
 
 A Man endeared to his Friends, 
 
 By the gentleness of his Manners, 
 
 And respected by the Public 
 
 As the elegant Historian of the Military Transactions 
 
 Of the British Nation in India Obit. 13th January, 1801, JEt. 73. 
 
 On a tablet with an urn and drapery — 
 
 In Memory of Barnabas Blake, Esq. 
 
 Formerly of Gunnersbury Lodge, 
 
 In this Parish, 
 
 Who died on 15th day of April, 1841, aged 77. 
 
 And of Sarah, his Wife, who died on the 27th of June, 1835, aged 77. 
 
 Their mortal remains are deposited in a Vault under tbe Middle Aisle of the 
 
 Church. 
 
 A tablet in form of a sarcophagus, on the front is the 
 following inscription : — 
 
 Near this spot are deposited the remains of Henry Beaufoy, Esq. 
 
 Late of Castle Hill, in this Parish, 
 
 But descended from an ancient family of Warwickshire, 
 
 His integrity was unblemished, 
 
 His talents were of the highest class, 
 
 And he dedicated them in three successive Parliaments to the service of 
 
 his country. 
 
 Ob. 17th May, 1795, anno ^Etat. 44. 
 
 On an oval tablet with drapery — 
 
 Near this place lies the body of John Crofts, Esq. 
 
 Of this parish, who closed a well spent life June 9th, Anno Dom. 1793, 
 
 Aged 09, most truly and deservedly regretted. 
 
 To the pious Memory of the best of Parents, 
 
 Whose indulgent affection, and enlightened judgment, 
 
 Makes his loss irreparable. 
 
 This mournful tribute of love and duty is most gratefully dedicated by his 
 
 afflicted children. 
 
 How blest to die — when suffering faith makes sure : 
 At life's high fount an everlasting cure. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 191 
 
 On a large tablet surmounted with an urn and drapery — 
 
 In the family vault beneath 
 
 Are deposited the remains of Peter Thorn, Esq. 
 
 Of the Manor House, Gunnersbury, 
 
 Who departed this life the 4th day of November, 1825, 
 
 Aged 71 years. 
 
 Also of Mary his beloved wife, who died the 25th of October, 1821, aged 45 years 
 
 Leaving a numerous family to regret their loss. 
 
 Also of Amelia, their daughter, who died the 9th of September, 1826. 
 
 Aged 21 years. 
 
 A marble tablet with a pediment — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Alexander Love Gordon, Esquire, R.N. 
 
 Formerly of this parish, 
 
 But late of Gorleston, in the county of Suffolk, 
 
 Who departed this life May 28th, 1828, aged 71 years, 
 
 Beloved and regretted by all who knew him. 
 
 On a marble tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Richard Gray, Esq, 
 
 Obiit 10th October, 1825, aged 71. 
 
 Also of Jane Gray, relict of Richard Gray, Esq. Ob. 8th March, 182G, aged 70. 
 
 On a marble tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. Thomas Warry, B.D. 
 
 Rector of Barwick, Somersetshire, Vicar of Glasbury, 
 
 In the counties of Brecon and Radnor, 
 
 Formerly Fellow of Wadham College, Oxon; 
 
 And who for nearly forty years officiated successively as Curate, 
 
 And Bowman's Lecturer in this parish. 
 
 Esteemed aud respected by all who knew him. 
 
 He died the 7th of November, 1823, aged 68 years. 
 
 On the east end of the north aisle is placed an ancient 
 brass plate, to the memory of Richard Amondesham, alias 
 Aunsham, merchant of the staple of Calais, and Katherine 
 his wife, the inscription is now partially defaced, but 
 the brass figures are represented in dresses which were 
 worn in the fifteenth century. 
 
 On the east wall north of the Communion, on a tablet, 
 with a pediment — 
 
 In the Vault beneath this Monument are deposited the remains of Ann the 
 
 beloved wife of Mr. Thomas Wood, of Castle Bar, in this parish, 
 Who departed this life the 18th December, 1837, in the 50th year of her age. 
 She was an affectionate wife, a sincere friend, and a good christian, and died 
 universally respected and lamented. 
 
192 
 
 HISTORY OF EALING- 
 
 On a marble tablet surmounted with an urn and dra- 
 pery— 
 
 " In the midst of life we are in death." 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Sir Jonathan Miles, Knt. 
 
 Of Castlehar Park in this county, who departed this life 
 
 On the 15th of July, 1821, in the 52nd year of his age. 
 
 Requiescat in Pace. 
 
 On a small marble tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Elizabeth Garratt, 
 Who died June 8th, 1818, and whose remains are deposited near this Tablet. 
 
 East wall, south side — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Alexander Copland, Esq. 
 
 Of Gunnersbury Park, in this parish, 
 
 Who died at his house in Great George Street, Westminster, 
 
 The 12th of July, 1834, aged 61. 
 
 His remains are deposited in the Church of St. Martin-in- the -Field, 
 
 In which parish he was born, and for many years of his early life he was a 
 
 resident. 
 
 He will long be remembered and lamented by many who were aided 
 
 by his active beneficence ; 
 
 By those, who in private life, experienced the warmth of his kindness, 
 
 And the value of his friendship ; and most of all, 
 
 By his Widow and Family, 
 
 Now bereft of his devoted care, and affectionate guidance. 
 
 On a small marble tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Mary Wood, 
 
 The affectionate wife of George Wood, of Hanger Hill, in this parish. 
 
 Died 5th March, 1830, aged 32, 
 
 Most deservedly beloved and sincerely lamented. 
 
 Also six of their children who died at an early age. 
 
 A large marble tablet surmounted with an urn — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Thomas Smith, Esq. of Brentford Butts, in this 
 parish, who departed this life on the 10th of November, 1823, in the 74th 
 year of his age ; and also to the memory of Susannah, his wife, who died 
 March 23, 1840, aged 70. 
 
 On a marble slab — 
 
 In the family Vault of this Church-yard are deposited the remains of 
 
 John Palmer Winter, Esq. 
 
 Of this place, and of Fitzroy Square, London, 
 
 Eldest Son of John Winter, Esq. of Heathfield Lodge, 
 
 In the parish of Acton, who died on the 23rd of November, 1838, aged 57, 
 
 Universally esteemed and regretted. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 193 
 
 On a marble slab — 
 
 To the Memory of John Winter, of Luis Parish, 
 
 And of Heathfield Lodge, Acton, Esq. 
 
 Who died February 5th, 1843, aged 87 years. 
 
 Mary Elizabeth his wife, who died December 18, 1813, aged 57. 
 
 And Anna Maria, fourth daughter of the above-named, who died March 4, 1838, 
 
 Whose remains are interred in the adjoining Church-yard ; 
 And also Roger Winter, Esq. Barrister-at-Law, fourth Son of the above-named, 
 
 Who died at Calcutta, May 21, 1828 ; 
 And of several children and grand children of the above who died when infants. 
 
 In the south aisle, on a marble slab — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Mr. Thomas Caldwall, 
 
 Of Old Brentford, who departed this life on the 2nd of May, 1825, 
 
 Aged 55 years. 
 
 Also of Mrs. Sarah Caldwall, relict of the above, 
 
 Who departed this life on the 5th of July. 1834, aged 70 years. 
 
 On a marble slab surmounted with arms, at the bottom 
 a sword and helmet— 
 
 Snored to the Memory of Major Alexander Morrison 
 
 Of Gunnersbury Park, in this parish, 
 
 Who was employed for twenty-eight years in the Bengal military service, 
 
 With distinguished honor, 
 
 Placed by those great commanders, the Marquis Cornwallis and Lord Lake 
 
 In offices of high responsbility. 
 
 His energy, judgment, and firm integrity, proved the wisdom of their choice. 
 
 Driven by illness from this path of public honor, 
 
 He was beloved in private life 
 
 For his christian benevolence, and that beautiful union of mildness and sincerity 
 
 Which characterises the brave and good, the remembrance of these virtues, 
 
 Is the sweet consolation of his widow, 
 
 By whom this tablet is erected. 
 He died May 2'L 1827, aged 60 years. 
 
 On a small circular monument surmounted with a 
 
 cherub — • 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Oliver de Lacey Stapleton, 
 
 The beloved son of Lieut. Col. John Stapleton, inspector of Barracks, 
 
 And of Katherine, daughter and Co-heiress of John Beale, Esq. 
 
 Of Charleston, South Carolina, 
 
 Who departed this life the 10th day of January, 1811, 
 
 In the 12th year of his age. 
 
 A youth of the most amiable disposition, and of great promise. 
 
 O 
 
194 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 On an oval tablet — 
 
 Iu the adjoining Church-yard 
 
 Lie the remains of George Oldmixon, Esq. of Oldmixon, 
 
 In the county of Somerset, 
 
 Who died the 15th of May, 1779, aged 08. 
 
 Also Jane his widow, who died the 31st of October, 1781, 
 
 Aged 57. 
 
 And of George their only child, who died the 15th of October, 1771, 
 
 Aged 17. 
 
 John Oldmixon, his father, was an author of some note, 
 who, like most party writers, has been too much extolled, 
 and too much depreciated ; Pope has treated him with 
 great severity. — 
 
 In naked majesty Oldmixon stands, 
 And Milo-like surveys his arms and hands ; 
 Then sighing thus, " and am I now threescore, 
 Ah, why, ye Gods ! should two and two make four ?" 
 
 Dunciad, b. ii. 1. 283. 
 
 His principal work was a History of England, in three 
 volumes ; but he certainly was not possessed of sufficient 
 impartiality to make a good historian. He had a principal 
 concern in a political paper called " the Medley," and was 
 author of a few Poems and Dramatic pieces. He is said 
 to have left behind him in MS. a work called " the His- 
 tory of Christianity," and some Satires. Mr. Oldmixon 
 was of an ancient family in Somersetshire. He died at his 
 house in Great Pulteney-street, in the 69th year of his 
 age, and was buried near his son and daughter. 
 
 One of his daughters sung at Mr. Hickford's Rooms in 
 1746, his daughter Hannah died at Newland, in Glouces- 
 tershire, in 1789, aged 84.* 
 
 On a marble slab — 
 
 This Monument is erected in Memory of Rebecca, 
 
 Wife of John Ward, resident of Gibraltar, 
 
 Born A.D. 1733, Married January, 1749, Died the 18th August, 1708. 
 
 Here rests a woman, good without pretence, 
 Blest with plain reason, and with sober sense, 
 
 + Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 195 
 
 To whom related, or by whom begot, 
 Avails not, Reader! Death has been her lot; 
 Peaceful now rests my best beloved wife, 
 Removed beyond the miseries of life, 
 These little rites, a verse, a stone receive, 
 'Tis all a husband, all a friend can give. 
 
 Also of Elizabeth, daughter of John and Rebecca Ward, who died 8th of May, 
 1832. Aged 76 years. 
 
 On a marble slab — 
 
 In a Grave underneath, 
 
 Are deposited all that remains of a man 
 
 Not so much distinguished for length of clays, as in employments of 
 
 labour and trust, 
 
 For perseverance unremitting, and for honour unblemished. 
 
 To the Memory of John Ward, Esq. long time a faithful servant 
 
 of the crown, of Gibraltar, 
 
 This Monument is erected, the last sad duty of his mourning children. 
 
 " Just of his word, in every thought sincere, A 
 
 He knew no wish, but what the world might hear ; 
 He broke no promise, served no private end, 
 He gain'd no riches, and he lost no friend." 
 
 Pope. 
 
 He was born at Gibraltar, of which garrison he was many years Paymaster, 
 And died in England in April, 1791, aged 01 years. 
 
 On a square marble tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Susannah, the wife of Thomas Aston, Esq. of this 
 
 Parish, who died the 4th of May, 1827, in her 71st year. 
 
 Also of the above named Thomas Aston, Esq. who died at Wood Stanway, 
 
 Gloucestershire, on the 27th July, 1836. Aged 79 years. 
 
 " We know that our Redeemer liveth." 
 
 A marble slab with a variegated marble border, with an 
 urn — 
 
 In the Middle Aisle of the Church, 
 
 Are deposited the Remains of John Morgan, Esq. 
 
 Late of Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury, London, 
 
 Who departed this life, January 24th, 1808. Aged 53 years. 
 
 Also of Mary Morgan, first wife of the above John Morgan, who died 
 
 April 19th, 1800. Aged 43 years. 
 
 o2 
 
196 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 On a black marble tablet with gilt letters — 
 
 In the Aisle of this Church, 
 
 Are interred the remains of Martha, wife 
 
 Of James Smyth, Esq., of Upper Grosvenor Street, 
 
 London, and of Ealing, in this Parish, 
 
 Who died December 21st, 1709, aged 60 years. 
 
 Also of the said James Smyth, Esq. 
 
 who died December 10th, 1780, aged 70 years. 
 
 James Paul Smyth, of New Bond Street, London, 
 
 Nephew of the above James Smyth, 
 
 Died September 23rd, 1797, aged 62 years. 
 
 Also, Mary, his wife, died January the 7th, 1800, aged 66 years. 
 
 Anne, wife of Sir Frederick Morton Eden, Bart. 
 
 Of Truier, in the county of Durham, 
 
 And daughter of the said James Paul 
 
 And Mary Smyth, died July the 14th, 1808, 
 
 Aged 34 years. 
 
 Also, the said Sir Frederick Morton Eden, Bart., who 
 
 Died November the 14th, 1809, aged 43 years 
 
 William Henry Eden, 
 
 Son of the above Sir Frederick Morton and Anne Eden, 
 
 Died November the 18th, 1793, aged 5 months. 
 
 And James, his brother, died February the 6th, 1800, aged 3 years. 
 
 George Watson Smyth, formerly of New Bond Street, 
 
 Nephew of the above James Paul Smyth, 
 
 Died June the 8th, 1835, aged 81 years. 
 
 A large handsome marble slab , with a veined marble 
 border, with arms — 
 
 In a Vault near this spot are deposited the 
 
 Remains of Mrs. Marian Mackenzie, wife of Thomas Mackenzie, Esq. 
 
 Who died July 30th, 1799, aged 30 years. 
 
 Also, Mrs. Jesse Frazer, wife of Duncan Frazer, Esq. 
 
 Late of Brentford Butts, sister to the above, 
 
 Who died September 9th, 1800, aged 59 years. 
 
 Likewise Two of her Children, viz. 
 
 James Frazer, who died June 8th, 1800, aged 3 years, and 
 
 Magdalen Mackenzie Frazer, who died September 9th, 1800, aged 5 years. 
 
 A small antique square tablet, ornamented in the centre 
 with an hour glass, with a death's head and cross bones — 
 
 I had rather be a doore keeper in the hovse of my God, than to dwell in 
 
 ye tents of wickednesse. — Psalm lxxxiv. 10. 
 
 On a Wreath. 
 
 I stand by the doore and knock, and it shall be opened unto me. 
 
 Under the Wreath. 
 
 I will waite till mv change cometh. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 197 
 
 This Monument was erected by Eliz. Taverner, in memory of her busband, 
 Richard Taverner, Esq. wch dyed y e 13 of Sept. 1638, having lived Vicar of 
 this Par. 25 yeres and was maryed to his wife 23. 
 
 On a plain marble tablet surmounted with a serpent 
 entwined — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 Charles Hutchinson, Rsq. of this parish, 
 
 Who died October 31st, 1828, aged 29 years. 
 
 Against the western wall on a marble slab — 
 
 In the Church are deposited the remains of Joseph Fletcher, Esq., who 
 died 14th February, 1833, aged 70 years, after a long residence in this parish. 
 To his memory this Tablet is gratefully inscribed by his affectionate children. 
 
 A Monument to the Memory of Barre Charles Roberts — 
 
 Infra Sepvltvs Est Barre Carolvs Roberts. 
 
 Filivs Natv minimus Edvardi Roberts armigeri, aedis Christi Oxoniae 
 alvmnvs. Adolescens turn ob svmmvm iugenivm, et doctrinam, tvm ob 
 eximias aninii virtutes, perillvstris ; fvit enim modestvs, probvs, liberalis in 
 moribvs, et natvra, mansvetissimvs : immo etiam in variis studiis eruditvs, prae- 
 sertim in rebvs antiqvis, et nvmismatibvs ; adeoqve chhgenti Uteris. 
 
 Tarn reconditis qvam elegautioribvs, vt nemo in vtraqve parte esset ornatior, 
 caetervm qvo magis animi vigv T ere vires, eo parvm finno corpori absit valetvdo, 
 ex qvo proh dolor, phthisi polmonali langvet ivenis carissimvs nondum 
 annos vnvm et viginti natvs kalendas ianvariis. Anno Domini, MDCCCX, 
 Mortalis esse desiit ; Div diuqve lvgendvs, et desiderandvs. 
 
 A handsome tablet in form of a sarcophagus, on the top, 
 a child resting on an urn — 
 
 i.H. s. 
 
 Consecrated 
 
 As a tribute of an affectionate family, to the Memory of Mrs. Sibella Davison, 
 
 Who died July 24th, 1807, aged 70. 
 
 Inheriting an ample fortune. 
 
 Her liberality was universally esteemed ; 
 
 The sufferings of humanity never pleaded before her in vain. 
 
 On a marble tablet — 
 
 Near this place are interred the remains of Ann Goodenough, 
 
 Eldest daughter of Anthony Addington, M.D. 
 
 And Mary, his wife, and Widow of William Goodenough, M.D. 
 
 Of the City and University of Oxford, 
 
 Whom she survived thirtv-six vears. 
 
198 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 She was born on the 2nd of November, in the year 1747, 
 
 And died on the 12th of June, in the year 1806, aged fifty-nine. 
 
 To the Memory of a sister, 
 
 Admired for the endowments of her mind, 
 
 Respected for her piety, and beloved for her benevolence, 
 
 This Tablet is inscribed by her affectionate brother. 
 
 On a marble slab with an ornamented border sur- 
 mounted with an urn — 
 
 In Memory of Elizabeth, widow of James Senior, Esq. 
 
 Of Broughton House, Bucks, 
 
 Who departed this life March 13, 1832, in the 70th year of her age. 
 
 And also of Mary Senior, the infant daughter of William and Louisa Laurence, 
 
 and grand- daughter of the above, 
 
 Who departed this life, February 28, 1835, aged one year and six months. 
 
 A small handsome tablet with arms — 
 
 To the Memory of Joseph Gulston, of Derwydd, Esq. 
 
 In the principality of Wales, and of Knuston Hall, Northamptonshire. 
 
 Born 17th of March, 1788. Lied 24th of March, 1841. 
 
 On a large marble table in the form of a pyramid with 
 arms and inscriptions : — 
 
 In a Vault underneath 
 
 Lie the remains of Joseph Gulston, Esq. who died December 13, 1757. 
 
 Aged 75. 
 
 Joseph Gulston, Esq. of Ealing-grove, Middlesex, 
 
 One of the Representatives for Poole, in Dorset, 
 
 In five successive Parliaments, 
 
 And a South Sea Director, who died August Gth, 1700, aged 72. 
 
 Maria De Silvse his wife, a native of the kiugdom of Portugal, who died 
 November 19, 1799, aged 84. 
 
 John Gulston their son, who died at Eton School, 1764, aged 14. 
 
 Joseph Gulston, Esq. their son, of Ealing Grove, Middlesex, 
 
 And Member of Parliament for Poole, in the county of Dorset. 
 
 Who died July 14, 1786, aged 41. 
 
 And of Elizabeth Bridgetta, his wife, 
 
 Daughter of Sir Thomas Stepney, Bart, who died March 9, 1780, aged 30. 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Joseph Gulston, Esq. 
 
 Their son, who died at Lausanne, in Switzerland, 
 
 And was buried there in 1790, aged 22. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 199 
 
 On a large stone tablet — 
 
 Near this place lies the body of Edward Vaughan, Esq. of Little Ealing, 
 who died October 10, 1612, and by his will gave four acres of land, now Garden 
 ground, lying in New Brentford field, in this parish, abutting east on the road 
 from Brentford to Little Ealing, and west on the house of Jonathan Knevett, 
 in Boston-lane, to the poor of this parish for ever, the yearly profits to be dis • 
 tributed by the vicar and churchwardens. 
 
 To perpetuate his memory, the memorial at the finishing of this Church 
 
 (in the room of an ancient monument in the old Church) was put up, Anno 
 
 Dom. 1710, by Thomas Mangey, D.D. Vicar. 
 
 Samuel Anderson, } ~, . , 
 _ )■ Churchwardens, 
 
 Thomas Barrett, J 
 
 A beautiful monument of white marble, surmounted 
 with, an urn, and supported by two cherubs, with arms — 
 
 Near this place in a Vault lyeth the body of John Loving, Esq. late of Place 
 
 House, in Little Ealing, 
 
 He was one of the Tellers of the Exchequer in the reign of King Charles the 
 
 Second. 
 
 King James the Second, 
 
 And King William the Third, 
 
 He departed this life, July 9th, 1693, aged 82. 
 
 In the same Vault also lyeth the body of Ann his wife, 
 
 Who died the 2nd of Jaunary, 1718 : 
 
 As they were truly endowed with all Christian virtues when living, 
 
 So they were the greatly lamented, by all who knew them, when dead. 
 
 They left issue, one only son, 
 
 John Loving, Esq. who departed this life the 19th day of January, 1731, 
 
 Aged 69, and is buried in Twickenham Church, 
 
 In a Vault there with Dame Mary Humble, 
 
 The relict of Sir William Humble, Bart. 
 
 Who died June 13th, 1752, with whom he intermarried, 
 
 He was an obedient son, a true and faithful friend, 
 
 A loyal subject, and the most kind and indulgent husband, 
 
 And had he not by a modest opinion 
 
 Of his own abilities been mostly inclined to a private life, 
 
 Would have been useful to the Commonwealth, - 
 
 And a bright ornament to his country. 
 
 On a large handsome marble monument in form of a 
 pyramid, in front of which is a large urn, underneath is 
 the following inscription — 
 
 Dame Ann Edwards, obiit 16th of April, 1785, aged 50. 
 
 " The memory of the just is blessed." Prov. chap. 10, v. 7. 
 
 Sir Thomas Edwards, Bart, obiit. November 13, 1793, aged 59. 
 
 " The righteous hath hope in his death." Prov. 14, chap, xxxii. v. 1. 
 
 Ellen Hester Mary Hope, their only issue, 
 
 Wife of John Hope, Esq. died June 4, 1837, aged 76. 
 
 " Her children arise up, and call ber blessed." Prov. chap. xxxi. v. 28. 
 
200 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 A small marble tablet surmounted with a helmet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Major General Sir James Lemond, C.B. 
 
 Of the Madras Artillery, who after forty-six years 
 
 Of meritorious service, died deeply lamented at Boulogue-Sur-Mer, on the 
 
 13th of August, ls40, aged 04 years. 
 
 A large slab surmounted with a handsome urn — 
 
 To the Memory of Isabella Mary, wife of Thomas Packenham, Esq. of the 
 
 Honourable East India Company's Civil Service, Bengal, 
 
 Who died at Lans Le Bourg Savoy, on her way to Rome, 
 
 On the 8th of November, 1827, in the 33rd year of her age. 
 
 Also to the Memory of Captain Edward Wetherall, 
 
 Of the First Royal Regiment of Infantry, 
 
 Who gallantly fell at the storming of Bergen-op-Zoom, 
 
 On the 8th of March, 1814, in the 23rd year of his age. 
 
 Also General Sir Frederick Wetherall, G.C.H. of Castlebar Hill, 
 
 Who departed this life December 18, 1842, in the 88th year of his age, deeply 
 
 lamented. 
 
 On a large handsome tablet supported by pillars and 
 ornamented with drapery and foliage, over the top is a 
 fan-like ornament — 
 
 To the Memory of Thomas Pearce, Esq. of Little Ealing, 
 
 Who lieth buried in the Middle Aisle of this Church, 
 
 During forty years he was a constant inhabitant of this parish, 
 
 To which he had retired from business, he died on August 14, 1752, aged 
 
 85 years, 
 
 Having the character (which he well deserved) of an honest man and a 
 
 sincere Christian. 
 
 A large splendid architectural monument, about ten feet 
 
 high, by six feet wide, supported by two pilasters of the 
 
 Doric order, with an architrave, surmounted with a large 
 
 central naming urn, and two smaller similar ones. 
 
 In pious Memory of Dame Jane Rawlinson, widow, 
 
 A lady whose natural wit and sound judgment, 
 
 Improved by an extraordinary education, and much reading, rendered her very 
 
 accomplished 
 
 In herself, and most agreeable in conversation; but an ill state of health, 
 
 Which for more than eighteen of her latter years deprived her of many 
 
 enjoyments of common life, 
 
 Gave her far greater, by a full exercise 
 
 Of the two chief inclinations of her soul, devotion, and charity; 
 
 For these she laid hold of every opportunity, 
 
 And as neither of these fruits of faith can bo forgotten before God, 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 201 
 
 And as her charity will be long remembered 
 
 By many a grateful heart, 
 
 So it is hoped, her legacy of five hundred pounds 
 
 Given for teaching twenty poor girls of this parish of Ealing, 
 
 Will have a long continuance, by being carefully preserved, and well employed, 
 
 For the benefit of posterity, 1713. 
 
 On a large square antique tablet — 
 
 John Bowman, Bachelor of Divinity, Chancelor of ye Cathedral Chvrch of 
 St. Pawle, and Parson of this Parish, lyeth hereunder, who in his lyfe tyme was 
 a sincere and paynfvl preacher of God' s word, and a bowntifvl and charitable 
 releever of the poore, and at his deceasse gave 60 L a yeare for ever to the 
 good of this Pailsh, ovt of ye rent of a Fayre Howse, one east syde of Salis- 
 bury-court, in London, viz. ±0 L - a year for a preaching Minister, and 20^ a 
 yeare to ye poore, he deceased y e loth of October, An° Dni. 1629. 
 
 IN THE CHURCH OX THE FLOOR. 
 
 In the Vault beneath are deposited the remains of Cuthbert Fisher, Esq. late 
 of Ealing-park, who departed this life, September 2-1, 1798, aged 58 years. 
 
 Elizabeth, wife of John Maynard, Serjeant-at-Law, was bvryed here ye -1th 
 day of January, 1654. 
 
 In Memory of Hugh Owen> late Master of the Welsh School, who departed 
 this life March 28, 1797, aged 48 years. 
 
 Beneath this stone are deposited the remains of Robert Wynne, Esq. of this 
 
 parish, late President of the Council of the Island of St. Vincents, who 
 
 died the 20th of February, 1 795, aged 56 years. 
 
 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE 
 CHURCH YARD. 
 
 A Marble tomb enclosed with iron railing — 
 
 In a vault are deposited the remains of Thomas Skinner, Esq. alderman of 
 the City of London, who served the office of sheriff in 1783, and was Lord 
 Mayor in 1794 ; he lived respected by the great, and most sincerely beloved 
 by the poor, to whom he was a constant friend and liberal benefactor. Obiit 
 January 30, 1806, aged 69 years. 
 
202 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 A marble tomb enclosed with iron railing — 
 
 In a Vault underneath are deposited the remains of James Baillie, Esq. of 
 Ealing Grove, in this parish, one of the representatives for the borough of 
 Horsham, in Sussex. He departed this life on the 7th day of September, 1793, 
 aged 56 years. 
 
 Also Collen Campbell his wife, who died on the 29th of April, 1831, in the 79th 
 year of her age. 
 
 Collen Campbell Lloyd, their youngest daughter, who died on the 8th day of 
 November, 1830, in the 49th year of her age. 
 
 The family vault enclosed with iron railing, of George 
 Robinson, of Richmond and Brentford — 
 
 In Memory of Catherine Robinson, the beloved wife of George Robinson, who 
 died July 5, 1841, aged 57 years. 
 
 In a vault — 
 
 Here lieth deposited the remains of George Hopewell Stephens, Esq. (Rear 
 Admiral of the Red,) who departed this life December 25, 1819, a most 
 worthy man, and a sincere christian. 
 
 A marble tomb enclosed with iron railing — 
 
 To the Memory of General Sir Frederick Wetherall, G.C.H. of Castlebar Hill, 
 who departed this life December 18, 1842, in the 88th year of his age. 
 
 In a vault with rails- — 
 
 John Home Tooke, late of Wimbledon, author of the Diversions of Purley, 
 was born June 1736, and died March 18, 1812, contented and grateful. 
 
 The health of this singular character had been a long 
 time before his decease in a declining state, but his humour 
 and eccentricity remained in full force to the last, and 
 even in the gripe of death, the serenity of his countenance 
 never forsook him. While he was speechless, and con- 
 sidered insensible, Sir Francis Burdett, who was present 
 with a few more friends, prepared a cordial for him, 
 which the medical attendants declared to be of no 
 avail, but which the baronet persisted in offering, and 
 raising up the patient for that purpose, when the latter 
 perceiving who offered the draught, drank it off with a 
 smile, and in a few minutes after he expired. A tomb 
 had long been prepared for Mr. Tooke in his garden at 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 203 
 
 Wimbledon ; in which it was his firm purpose to have 
 been buried ; but this after his decease, being opposed by 
 his daughters and an aunt of theirs, his remains were trans- 
 ferred to this Church-yard, where they were interred 
 according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of 
 England, otherwise it was his desire that no funeral cere- 
 mony should be read over his body, but six poor men 
 should have a guinea each to bear him to the vault in his 
 garden. His funeral was attended by Sir Frances Burdett 
 and many other political and literary friends.* 
 
 In a vault — 
 
 Mr. Thomas Juliou, thirty-eight years Vestry Clerk of this parish, died July 13, 
 1838, aged 70 years. 
 
 Beneath this Stone lies the remains of Richard Atlee, nineteen years Clerk of 
 this parish, died February 1, 1790, aged 52 years. 
 
 William, Son and succeeding Clerk of the above, died March 12, 17!)7, 
 Aged 31 years. 
 
 Richard, succeeding Clerk, died January 11, 1802, aged 37 years. 
 
 On a stone in the Church-yard — 
 
 Thomas Page, nephew of Mr. John Rogers, who was unfortunately drowned 
 the 4th of March, 1818, aged 25 years. 
 
 Here in the silent stillness of the tomb, 
 Rests a young man who perished in his bloom ; 
 Belov'd and mourn' tl in vain, no act could save, 
 The will of heaven doomed him a watery grave. 
 
 Vault in the Church-yard — 
 
 Mr. John Trimmer, citizen of London, died 22nd July, 1772, aged 04 years. 
 
 Also, Mrs. Ann Trimmer, his widow, who died August 10, 1770. 
 
 Likewise Mrs. Ann Trimmer, their daughter, who died May 5, 1824, aged 
 
 82 years. 
 
 Vault in the Church-yard — 
 
 In Memory of Mary Elizabeth Winter, the wife of John Winter, Esq. who 
 
 departed this life, on the 18th of December, 1813, aged 57 years. 
 In her character were united the excellences of the wife, the mother, the 
 
 friend, and the christian. 
 
 Also, John Winter, Esq. husband of the above, of this parish, and of Heathfleld 
 
 Lodge, Acton, died February 5, 1843, aged 87 years. 
 
 * Nightingale's and Brayley's London, vol. iii. p. 07. 
 
204 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Ill a vault in the Church-yard — 
 
 Here lieth the body of Richard Wood, Esq. of Hanger-hill, in this parish, who 
 departed this life, January 6, 1783, aged 76 years. 
 
 Also, Catherine Wood, wife of Richard Wood, who departed this life, May 5, 
 
 aged 79. 
 
 Also, the body of Mary Wood, daughter of the said Richard and Catherine 
 Wood,who departed this life the 5th of August, 1829, in the 90th year of her age. 
 
 Also, of Mary Wood, wife of George Wood, Esq. of Hanger-hill, in this parish, 
 Born April 30, 1803, died March 5, 1836. 
 
 Also, Francis, Ellen, and Katherine, three of their children who died in their 
 
 infancy. 
 
 In a vault in the Church-yard — 
 
 Here lieth the body of Elizabeth Belcher Butlin, the daughter of John and 
 Mary Butlin, of Westfield-house, in this parish, who was born the 14th of 
 January, 1839, and died the 19th day of June, 1843. 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of Richard Piatt, professor of music, and organist of 
 this parish, who died June 11, 1842, aged 58 years. Respected and regretted 
 by all who knew him. 
 
 Also, of Lydia, his wife, who died October 12, 1843, aged 24 years. 
 
 In the Church-yard is a Vestry-room where the parish 
 affairs are settled, and a stone is placed over the doorway, 
 of which the following is a copy. 
 
 A. D. 1840. 
 
 This Vestry-room was erected by the churchwardens, 
 with the sanction of the Bishop of London, and the Vicar 
 of Ealing, in lieu of the old Cross-house, or Vestry-room, 
 a sum of money having been set apart expressly for this 
 purpose, by the Poor Law Commissioners, out of the 
 proceeds of the sale of the old Cross-house. 
 
 Rev. John Smith, B.D. Vicar. 
 
 Samuel Knevett,) „_ 
 
 m T \ Churchwardens. 
 
 Thomas Layton, 
 
CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 205 
 
 CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS FOE 
 GENERAL PURPOSES. 
 
 1612. Edward Vaughan, Esq. gave by will, Four 
 Acres of Land, by Boston Lane, to the use 
 of the best living and deserving poor of the 
 parish, the yearly profits thereof, to be distributed 
 in Coals, by the Minister and Churchwardens ; 
 and Twenty Pounds in money, to be laid out at 
 interest, for the benefit of the poor. 
 
 1630. John Bowman, of Ealing, in the County of 
 Middlesex, B.D. gave a messuage or tenement, 
 situate in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, upon 
 trust, to pay Forty Pounds per annum to an 
 Afternoon Lecturer, in the Parish Church of 
 Ealing ; and Twenty Pounds annually to poor 
 persons of the said parish ; and the overplus of 
 rents and profits to be applied to such godly 
 and charitable uses as the officers for the time 
 being should deem meet and convenient. 
 
 These premises were burnt down in the 
 Great Fire of London, 1666. 
 
 The property is now held under lease, 
 which expires in 1867, at a rent charge of £70. 
 
 John Bowman gave also a rent charge (to the 
 same trust,) of Forty Shillings per annum, out 
 of premises situate on the Green, at Ealing. 
 
 Here is also a sum of Four Hundred and Fifty 
 Pounds, Consols, belonging to the same trust, 
 arising from accumulation of profits, and a 
 bequest of two Turnpike Roads, to the charity, 
 by Sir Charles Morgan, Bart, in 1807. 
 
 The present Trustees are Sir Charles Morgan, Bart. ; 
 Archdeacon Pott ; the Rev. "W*. Antrobus ; 
 the Rev. John Smith; and George Wood, Esq. 
 
206 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 1633. Richard Need, and Mary his wife, gave a house 
 or tenement, for the profit and only use of the 
 poor of Old Brentford, for ever. 
 
 Richard and Mary Need's Charity. — The property 
 now considered to have been derived from this bequest, 
 consists of several tenements, which are particularly 
 described in three leases, bearing date the 29th March, 
 1814. 
 
 In the first lease is demised by John Thorn, to John 
 Simpson, a house or tenement, situate on the south side of 
 the High Street, of Old Brentford, and small tenements in 
 Pump Alley, for 21 years, from lady-day 1814, at the 
 yearly rent of £40. 
 
 In another of the leases, the said John Thorn demised 
 to John Bond, a messuage on the south side of the High 
 Street, Old Brentford, for 21 years, from lady-day, 1814, 
 at the yearly rent of £26. 
 
 By the third lease, the said John Thorn demised to 
 John How, two new-built messuages, situate on the south 
 side of the town of New Brentford, at the yearly rent 
 of £12. 12s. 
 
 The previous rent of the whole of these premises, was 
 £30. 
 
 1685. John Taylor, Gent, gave to the poor of the parish 
 for ever, a piece of ground, abutting east, on 
 land belonging to the Fox and Hounds ; west, 
 on Nathanial Vincuff's ; north, on the King's 
 Highway ; south, on the River Thames, and 
 which the inhabitants in 1685 first let on lease, 
 and on which is a tenement now let to Thomas 
 Gore, at £22. 
 
 John Taylor's Charity. — A house appears to have been 
 built many years ago on this ground, which was demised 
 by the Churchwardens, with the approbation of the Vestry, 
 to Thomas Gore, for 32 years, from lady-day 1738, at the 
 yearly rent of £ I., with a covenant by the lessee to lay out 
 
CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS 207 
 
 £50. within three months, in repairing the premises, and 
 to keep them in repair. 
 
 The Countess of Derby's Gift. — Elizabeth Countess 
 of Derby, by her will, dated 24th July, 1714, devised a 
 messuage &c. situate at Kew. 
 
 There is now standing in the name of the Accountant 
 general a sum of £500. three per cent, consolidated 
 annuities, the annual dividend of which being £15. is 
 distributed by trustees nominated by the parish of Ealing, 
 and appointed by the Court of Chancery, to fifty poor 
 widows of the lower side, in sums of fifteen shillings each. 
 The same persons receive the annuity during their lives, 
 and when a vacancy by death takes place, it is filled up 
 bv the churchwarden of the time bein^. 
 
 The names of the present trustees are Thomas Caldwell, 
 George Osborne, and John Newton. 
 
 1715. Richard Taylor, gave by will, a house and 
 premises in Great Ealing, near the Green, for 
 the purchase of coals for eight poor families, 
 whom the vicar shall think fit, on each side of 
 the parish, not receiving alms of the parish. 
 The present tenant, (1845,) is Mr. Nye, at the 
 yearly rent of fifty pounds. 
 
 1753. Jonathan Gurnell, Sen. Esq. gave by will seven 
 hundred pounds, three per cent, annuities, two- 
 sevenths of the interest thereof for .the use of 
 the Boys' School, and the remainder to be laid 
 out in coal or firing for housekeepers of the 
 upper side of the parish, at the discretion of 
 the executors. The dividends of this stock are 
 paid at the house of Messrs. Harmer and Co. 
 Old Broad-street. 
 
 1752. Jonathan Gurnell, Jun. Esq. gave by will five 
 hundred pounds in trust for the use of the 
 same schools, to be invested in 
 securitv. 
 
208 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 1759. Mrs. Elizabeth Barnes, who died in 1759, gave by 
 will four hundred pounds, the interest thereof 
 to be paid to four poor widows annually for 
 ever. 
 
 1759. Mrs. Elizabeth Barnes' Gift — This stock, 
 being now three per cent, consolidated long 
 annuities, stands at present in the names of 
 Rev. John Smith, James Hemmings, Robert 
 Clark, and Thomas Meacock. The dividends 
 amount to thirteen pounds and six-pence. 
 
 1783. William Adair, Esq. in 1788, gave by will one 
 hundred pounds, three per cent, annuities, the 
 interest thereof to be applied for the benefit 
 of poor widows of this parish, whom the vicar 
 and churchwardens shall think fit. 
 
 1793. Henry York bequeathed the sum of two hundred 
 
 and fifty pounds South Sea annuities, half the 
 dividends of which is given to the poor of 
 Ealing, and half to his descendants. 
 
 1794. Mr. Edward Payne's Gift. — Edward Payne, 
 
 Esq. by his will, dated the 26th April, 1794, 
 bequeathed to the vicar of Ealing, the sum of 
 one hundred pounds, to be by him invested in 
 the three per cent, consolidated annuities, and 
 the dividends to be laid out in coals to be dis- 
 tributed at his discretion. 
 
 This legacy was invested as directed, and the 
 stock purchased was afterwards increased by 
 the investment of another bequest of one 
 hundred pounds, given by the late Sir Charles 
 Morgan, three hundred and eleven pounds, six 
 shillings, and eleven-pence ; and was further 
 increased in 1843, by a bequest of one hundred 
 pounds, from General Sir Frederic TTetherall, 
 G.C.H. The stock now amounts to four 
 
CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 209 
 
 hundred and fourteen pounds, sixteen shillings, 
 and nine-pence, and now stands in the names 
 of the Rev. J. Smith, J. Tattersal, Esq. M.D. 
 and G. Wood, Esq. ; and now produces an 
 annual dividend of twelve pounds, eight shil- 
 lings, and ten-pence. 
 
 The Boys' National School at Ealing — Contains 
 at the present time 115 scholars, of whom 28 are clothed. 
 The income arises from Lady Capell's bequest, about £80. 
 
 Mrs. Stafford's legacy £30. 
 
 Mr. Gurvele's ditto £ 6. 
 
 And the dividends on £2700. three per cents £81. 
 
 Arising from sundry bequests and donations. 
 
 There is a residence for the Master to the School 
 trust. 
 
 The School premises are situate in Ealing-lane, leading 
 to Brentford. 
 
 Lady Capell's Will — By this will the Right Hon. 
 Dorothy Dowager Lady Capell, of Tewkesbury, in the 
 year 1721, by will gave one-twelfth part of the income of 
 an estate in Kent, called Perry-court Farm, towards the 
 support of the Charity School, at Ealing. The estate is 
 vested in four trustees for the purposes aforesaid. 
 
 The estate is most advantageously situate, adjoining the 
 turnpike-road, from London to Canterbury, and within 
 one mile from the town of Faversham. It is composed 
 principally of arable land, and contains a large house, 
 gardens, and offices, and is fit for the reception of a 
 genteel family. The present tenant, Mr. John Walter, 
 whose family has rented the farm 150 years, has kept 
 the buildings and fences in good repair. Except about 
 twenty small elms, there is no timber on the estate ; the 
 whole of which is titheable, and the grain taken in kind, 
 bv the different tithe owners. 
 
210 HISTORY OF EALING 
 
 Perry-court Farm, in the parishes of Preston, Lucl- 
 denham, and Orpringe, surveyed November, 1807. 
 
 A. P. R. 
 
 Great field contains 81 15 
 
 Chapel field 18 1 34 
 
 Martin's field 25 2 (> 
 
 Cut Thorn field 9 2 5 
 
 Meadow 5 37 
 
 The Six acres 6 35 
 
 Orchard 2 2 34 
 
 Yard, offices, and gardens 1 1 27 
 
 Total 150 33 
 
 Girls' Charity School. — This school was founded 
 by Dame Jane Rawlinson, who, by her will, dated 7th 
 of October, 1712, gave five hundred pounds to Timothy 
 Bolton, and others, upon trust, with such sum to purchase 
 in fee the sum of twenty pounds per annum, or so much 
 more yearly rent as the said sum of five hundred pounds 
 would purchase in freehold lands, within twenty-five 
 miles of Ealing, and out of the rents and profits yearly to 
 pay for the maintenance of a school mistress within the 
 said parish, to teach twenty poor girls of the said parish 
 to read English and to work plain work. 
 
 There is a Girls' National School at Ealing, to which in 
 1837, an Infant School was added. There are now in the 
 girls' school about fifty scholars, and in the infant school 
 about seventy-five. The girls are clothed. 
 
 The school premises are situate on the Green at Ealing, 
 and contain school rooms, with a residence for the mistress 
 of each school. The income arises from 
 Kent of land purchased with Lady Rawlinson's 
 
 bequest and other monies £ 52. 
 
 Mrs. Stafford's legacy £830. 
 
 The dividends on £1900. three per cents, reduced, 
 
 arising from sundry bequests and donations £ 37. 
 
CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 
 
 £11 
 
 Chronological List of Charitiei 
 
 DATE 
 
 NAME. 
 
 BENEFACTIOX5 
 
 ». APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 1012. 
 
 Edward Vaughan, Esq 
 
 .... £20. ... 
 
 To the Poor. 
 
 1620. 
 
 John Bowman, B.D 
 
 .... £60 
 
 Ditto 
 
 16.38. 
 
 Richard Need, and Mary his Wife 
 
 
 1605. 
 
 John Taylor, Gent 
 
 
 
 1713. 
 
 Lady Jane Rawlinson 
 
 .... £500 
 
 To the Girls' School. 
 
 1714. 
 
 Lady Derby 
 
 .... £500 
 
 To the Poor. 
 
 1715. 
 
 Richard Taylor 
 
 
 
 1721. 
 
 
 .... £11 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 Ditto. 
 
 1725. 
 
 Elizabeth Colleton 
 
 .... £100 
 
 1750. 
 
 John Rogers, Gent 
 
 .... £100 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 1752. 
 
 Jonathan Gurnell, Jun. Esq.. . 
 
 .... £1000. .. 
 
 To the Poor. 
 
 1753. 
 
 Jonathan Gurnell, Sen. Esq. . . 
 
 .... £200 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 
 
 Mr. Thomas Pearce 
 
 .... £10 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 1756. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Gurnell 
 
 .... £100 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 1758. 
 
 William Wogan, Esq 
 
 .... £5 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 1750. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Barnes 
 
 .... £400.... 
 
 To the Poor. 
 
 1770. 
 
 Matthew Fairless 
 
 .... £50. ... 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 
 1774. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Bertand 
 
 .... £21. ... 
 
 . Ditto. 
 
 1777 
 
 Rev. P. F. Le Couravcr 
 
 .... £200. . . . 
 
 To the Girls' School. 
 
 1779. 
 
 Mrs. Francis Cole 
 
 .... £50. ... 
 
 Ditto. 
 
 
 Jeremiah Harman 
 
 .... £20. ... 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 To the Girl's School. 
 
 1783. 
 
 Mrs. Martha Sparrow 
 
 .... £21. 13s. 
 
 
 William Adair, Esq 
 
 .... £100 
 
 . To the Poor. 
 
 1788. 
 
 John Ayton 
 
 .... £21 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 
 
 James Taylor 
 
 .... £75. . . . 
 
 To the Sunday Schools 
 
 1704. 
 
 Edward Payne, Esq 
 
 .... £100 
 
 To the Poor. 
 
 1705. 
 
 Mrs. Hannah Harman .... 
 
 ....£62 
 
 To the Girls' School. 
 
 1700. 
 
 Thomas Fletcher, Esq 
 
 .... £40 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 
 1800. 
 
 Anu, Wife of Francis Stephens 
 
 Esq. £35 
 
 To the Girls' School. 
 
 1802. 
 
 Brentford Armed Association 
 
 .... £20 
 
 To the Boys' School. 
 
 PARISH REGISTER. 
 
 Average of Baptisms and Burials. 
 
 The parish registry , which begins in the year 1582, is 
 imperfect during the seventeenth century, that no satis- 
 p2 
 
ge of Baptisms. Average of Burials 
 
 29f 
 
 29 
 
 98* ■ 
 
 110i 
 
 3 
 
 139J 
 
 . . 185} 
 
 156 
 
 162 
 
 173 
 
 ■ • 166 T V 
 
 184f 
 
 . . 159f 
 
 225 
 
 . 153* 
 
 175 
 
 162 
 
 212 HISTORY OF EALING, 
 
 factory average of baptisms or burials can be procured ; 
 but it was kept with much accuracy during the succeeding 
 century, and great pains have been taken to preserve 
 what remains of the more ancient records, some of which 
 are in a mutilated condition. 
 
 1 
 
 1583—1592 
 
 1730—1739 
 
 1780—1784 
 
 1785—1789 
 
 1790—1799 
 
 1800—1808 
 
 1813—1822 
 
 1823—1836 
 
 Form of Publication of Marriages during the 
 Commonwealth . 
 
 1653. A publication of an intent of marriage betweene 
 John Holliday, the sonne of Jo. Holliday, water- 
 man, and Sarah Walker, spinster, and daughter 
 of Richard Walker, of Old Brentford, mealman, 
 was published in Yling church three several 
 days, viz. Nov. 6, 13, &c. 1653. 
 
 By me, Joseph Wade, Register. 
 
 Burials during the plague in Old Brentford and Ealing, 
 in the years 1665, and 1666. 
 
 It appears from the parish register "that this dreadful 
 calamity was first brought into this parish by two soldiers 
 who were quartered at the Half-way House, at Old 
 Brentford, and that from that period it continued to rage 
 for more than twelve months, during which time there 
 were not less than two hundred and fifty funerals. 
 
 June 24. "A souldier dyed at the Half-way House at 
 Old Brentford, at Don's. 
 
EALING CHURCH BELLS. 213 
 
 July 1. "A souldier that dyed at James Garraways. 
 
 10. John White and a son of Richard were buried 
 of the plague, from Don's. 
 
 12. Richard Don the master of the house. 
 
 13. Two children of Richard Don, a maid, and a 
 
 maid of James Garraway's, all buried in one 
 grave, in Old Brentford-field, of the plague. 
 22 , Sarah, a child of James Garraway's dyed of 
 
 the plague. 
 26. One that dyed in the Burrow at Old Brentford, 
 of the plague. 
 One that wrought at Robert Monday's, of the 
 
 plague. 
 The wife of Joseph Grant, of the plague. 
 31. A child of Ben Wallis, of the plague. 
 Aug. 23. Anne, wife of Robert Randell, of the plague. 
 24. A girl buried of the plague, from Walters' house 
 in the towne. 
 
 26. Three children from Brentford, of the plague. 
 
 27. Two from Mr. Walter's house. 
 
 28. Robert Randall. 
 
 28. Francis Potter. 
 
 29. A child named John Mason. 
 29. Goodman Carter's wife. 
 
 Nov. 10. Robert Cromwell's maid. 
 
 Barbarietta, the daughter John Welbro, Gent." 
 
 The burials continued increasing during the months of 
 November and December, sometimes seven in a" day, and 
 from June, to the end of January following, not less than 
 250 persons were buried of this disorder, most of whom 
 were placed in holes dug in the fields to the south of the 
 village, and to this very day they have retained the name 
 of " Dead Man's Graves." 
 
 Ealing Church Bells. — This peal consists of eight 
 bells, on each of which are inscribed the founder's name, 
 the date of the year, and the names of the Churchwardens ; 
 
214 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 the earliest of which appears to be 1789, and the latest 
 1795. 
 
 The origin of Church Bells is of remote antiquity. It 
 appears they were used by the Greeks and Romans, 
 both for sacred and profane purposes. Whitakcr informs 
 us, that bells were in frequent use among the Romans ; 
 and were, probably, introduced by them to the Britons 
 during their sway over this island.* 
 
 Even since the introduction of bells into the service of 
 the Church, in the fifth century, the English have been 
 distinguished for their proficiency in the art of ringing, 
 and for their partiality for this amusement. 
 
 Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, is generally considered as the 
 first person who introduced bells into ecclesiastical service, 
 about the year 400 ; and we are told by an ancient histo- 
 rian that, in the year 610, Lupus, Bishop of Orleans, being 
 at Sens, then besieged by the army of Clothaire II., fright- 
 ened away the besiegers by ringing the bells of St. Stephen's 
 Church, which is a clear proof that they were not, at that 
 time, generally known in France. f 
 
 The first large bells are, however, mentioned by Bedc, 
 in the year 680 ; before that period, the early British 
 Christians made use of wooden rattles (sacra lignaj to call 
 the congregation of the faithful together. Hand bells, 
 probably, first appeared at religious processions, and were 
 afterwards used by the secular musicians. The small bells 
 were not always held in the hand ; they were sometimes 
 suspended on a stand, and struck with hammers. The 
 annexed figure, which affords a curious example of this 
 kind, is taken from a manuscript of the fourteenth century ; 
 it is intended as a representation of King David, and is 
 affixed to one of his psalms. + 
 
 * Catli. Hist, of Cornwall, vol. ii. p. 140. Durand. Rational, lib. i. c. 4. 
 Allen's Hist, of Lambeth, p. 40 — 53. 
 
 + Vide Gregor Tur. lib. vi. c. 2. Du Cange, torn. ii. p. 95. 
 
 Is pulsando campanas in Templo Stephani apud Siuonas (quo signo con- 
 vocare solebatpopulum) exercitum Clotharii, qui muros obsidione cinxerat adeo 
 terruit, ut omnes sese fugam verterunt. — Vincent, in Sjk'c. Hist. 1. 23, c. 9. 
 
 I Manuscript in the Royal Library, now in the British Museum, marked 
 B. XL*— Strath Sports and Pastimes, p. ^59. 
 
EALING CHURCH BELLS. 
 
 215 
 
 Six different names have been applied to bells used in 
 church service. Ingulphus, Abbot of Croyland, who died 
 about 1109, speaks of them as being well known in his 
 time, and says, that " Turketullus, the first Abbot of Croy- 
 land, gave six bells to that Monastery, that is to say, two 
 great ones, which he named Bartholomew and Beladine ; 
 two of a middling size, called Turketullum and Beterine ; 
 two small ones, denominated Pega and Bega; he also 
 caused the great bell to be made, called Gudla, which was 
 tuned to the other bells, and produced an admirable 
 harmony, not to be equalled in England."* Of these, 
 
 * Spelman Glos. Yoc. Camp. Du Cange Voc. 
 
216 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Durandus writes many things ; and he mentions six kinds 
 of small bells, that were rung in the church. Squilum was 
 rung in the refectory, Cymbalum in the cloister, Nola in 
 the quire, Nolula in the clock-house, Campana in the belfry, 
 and Lignum in the steeple or the tower. 
 
 In the Romish church, these bells were anointed Oleo 
 Chrismatis ; they were exorcised, the Bishop blessed 
 them, baptized them, and gave them the name of some 
 Saint ; and when these ceremonies were performed, it was 
 verily believed that they had the power to drive the devil 
 out of the air — to make him quake and tremble — to make 
 him fly at the sound thereof. Tanquam ante crucis vexil- 
 lum, that they had power to calm storms and tempests — to 
 make fair weather — to extinguish sudden Arcs — to recreate 
 the dead — to restrain the power of the devil over the corpse 
 whilst they rung, Avhich was the reason of ringing bells at 
 funerals. But since the time of the reformation, it has 
 been the usual course, in the churches of England, and it 
 is a very laudable one, that when any sick person lay draw- 
 ing on, a bell tolled, to give notice to the neighbours that 
 they might pray for the dying party, which was commonly 
 called a passing bell, because the sick person was passing 
 hence to another world ; and when his breath was expired, 
 the bell rung out, that the neighbours might cease their 
 prayers, for that the party was dead. 
 
 The Jews used trumpets for bells. The Greek church, 
 under them, still follow their old custom of using wooden 
 boards, or iron plates full of holes, which they hold in 
 their hands, and knock with a hammer or mallet, to call 
 the people together to church. China has been remarkably 
 famous for its bells. Father le Compte tells us, that at 
 Pekin there are seven bells, each of which weighs 120,000 
 pounds. 
 
 Baronius says, that Pope John XIII. A.D. 968, conse- 
 crated a very large neAV-cast bell, in the Lateran church, 
 which was probably the first instance of what has been 
 since called the baptising of bells, a superstition Avhich is 
 rediculed in the " Romish Beehive." The vestiges of this 
 custom may vet be traced in England in Tom of Lincoln, 
 
EALING CHURCH BELLS. 217 
 
 and great Tom, the " mighty Tom/' at Christ church, 
 Oxford. 
 
 " Bells/' says Dr. Fuller, " are no effectual charm against 
 lightning ; the frequent firing of abbey churches by light- 
 ning, confuteth the proud motto, commonly written on the 
 bells in their steeples, wherein each bell entitleth itself to 
 a six-fold efficacy, viz. — 
 
 Men's death I tell, by doleful knell, 
 Li gli tiling and thunder I break asunder, 
 On Sabbath all, to church I call, 
 The sleepy head I raise from bed, 
 The winds so fierce I do disperse, 
 Men's cruel rage I do assuage. 
 
 The dislike of spirits to bells is thus mentioned in the 
 Golden Legend, by Wynken de Worde : — " It is said, the 
 evil spirytes, that been in the regon of thayne, dowt much 
 whan they here the bells rongen, an this is the cause why 
 the belles ben rongen when it thonclreth, and whanne 
 grete tempests and outrages of wether happen, to the ende 
 that the feinds and wyched spirytes shod be abashed and 
 flee, and cease of the movynge of tempeste." 
 
 The custom of rejoicing the bells on high festivals, 
 Christmas-day, &c. is derived from the early ages. The 
 ringing of bells, also, on the arrivals of Sovereign Princes 
 or Bishops, at places under their jurisdiction, was also a 
 very ancient custom, whence we seem to have derived the 
 modern compliment of welcoming persons of consequence 
 by a cheerful peal.* 
 
 There is a curious passage in Fuller's History of Wal- 
 tham Abbey, A.D. 1542, 34 of Henry VII. relative to the 
 wages of bell ringers. It is preserved in the church- 
 wardens' accounts — 
 
 " Item, paid for ringing at the Prince his coming, a penny" 
 
 It was customary to put the following lines within the 
 
 * Et est assavoir que en la dite ville, et semblablement par toutes les autres 
 villes, ou il a ete, tant en venant a Paris, comme en son retour, il n'a ete receu 
 en quelque Eglise a procession, ni cloches sonnees a son venir. Campa- 
 narum pulsatio episcoporum et abbatum in ecclesias quae iis subditse sunt, 
 antiquus mos. — See Du Cange. Gloss. Verb. Campaiia. 
 
218 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 steeple, or others to the same import, declaratory of their 
 various uses — 
 
 We praise the true God, call the people, convene the clergy, 
 Lament the dead, dispel pestilence, and grace festivals. 
 
 The use of bells in churches gave rise to that singular 
 edifice the campanile, or bell-tower, an addition which is 
 more susceptible of the grander beauties of architecture 
 than any other part of the church. It was the constant 
 appendage to every parish church of the Saxons, and is 
 actually mentioned as such in the laws of Athelstan. 
 
 The practice of ringing bells is said to be peculiar to 
 this country, whence Britain has been called the ringing 
 island. This peculiarity is noticed by an ancient traveller, 
 who observes, that " the English are vastly fond of great 
 noises that fill the air, and particularly of ringing of bells, 
 so that it is common," says he, " for a number of them to 
 go up into some belfry, and ring the bells for hours together 
 for the sake of exercise."* This custom seems to have 
 begun with the Saxons, and was common before the Con- 
 quest. Bell ringing, though a recreation chiefly of the 
 lower classes, is not in itself incurious, or unworthy of 
 notice. Musical composers, however, seem to have written 
 but little upon the subject. The treatise at present in 
 high repute upon this subject is entitled " Campanalogia 
 Improved ; or, the Art of Ringing made easy," which will 
 be found to explain all the terms made use of in ringing of 
 peals, with all their regular formations. 
 
 The church tower is about eighty feet high. In the 
 belfry are recorded several remarkable peals rung here at 
 various times, viz. 
 
 1798. Sunday, January 28. — The Society of College 
 Youths did ring on the bells in this tower 6048 
 changes of bob major, in three hours and forty-five 
 
 * Hentznefs Itin. published by Lord Orford, Straw. Hill, p. 88. See the 
 subject of bells further treated on in Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. i. p. 194; 
 Hist. ofFulham, p. 51— 53; Hist, of Kensington, p. 301; Hist, of Hammer- 
 smith, p. 151. 
 
EALING CHURCH BELLS. 219 
 
 minutes, with the sixth at home, twelve times wrong 
 and twelve times right. 
 
 Mr. Richard Hickman, \ ^ . _ 
 Ar rp ri r Churchwardens. 
 
 Mr. ihomas Cracknell, ) 
 
 1809. Sunday, October 1. — The Company of Isleworth 
 Youth performed the complete peal of 5040 grand- 
 sire tripples, in two hours and forty-five minutes. 
 
 1841. Sunday, May 2. — There was rung in this steeple, 
 by a Friendly Society, a true and complete peal of 
 grandsire tripples, consisting of 5040 changes, which 
 was performed in three hours and one minute, by 
 nine persons. 
 
 Mr. Samuel Knevett, ) 
 
 nr rp T (Churchwardens. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Layton, i 
 
 Of Ringing the Church Bells. — There have been 
 some doubts as to the right of the minister and church- 
 wardens, individually, to order or refuse the ringing of the 
 church bells ; and the subject having recently engaged 
 some attention in the counties of Devon and Somerset, 
 the following opinions of Dr. Lushington, upon cases laid 
 before him, are referred to for the information of those it 
 may concern : — 
 
 Case I. — I am of opinion that all the church bells are subject to the 
 same regulations. The bells ought not to be rung without the joint 
 consent of the minister and churchwardens. The minister alone has 
 not authority to order them to be rung, neither have the churchwardens 
 alone. If the minister refuse his consent, they ought not to be rung ; 
 but I am of opinion that the minister and one churchwarden would, in 
 ordinary cases, be considered sufficient authority for ringing. In 
 strictness, the previous consent of the minister and both churchwardens' 
 is necessary. The minister cannot lawfully direct the ringing of bells 
 until the consent of the churchwardens has been obtained ; nor the 
 churchwardens, until the minister's permission has been granted. 
 
 (Signed) Stephen Lushington. 
 
 Case II. — That the consent of the minister, whether incumbent or curate, 
 is necessary to authorise the ringing of the bells of the church ; and 
 that the consent of either, or both the churchwardens, without the 
 minister's consent, is not sufficient : the consent of the minister to the 
 ringing of the bells must always be had. If the two churchwardens 
 differ, the consent of the minister and one of the churchwardens would 
 be sufficient . but the consent of the minister against both the church- 
 
220 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 wardens would not justify the ringing ; nor would the consent of both 
 the churchwardens against the minister authorise it. 
 The minister has authority to limit the time of ringing, and the ringers are 
 hound to obey him ; and no person has a right, without the consent of 
 the minister (whether incumbent or curate), to place flags or garlands, 
 or any thing else, either in or upon the church, or in the church-yard. 
 
 Stephen Lushington. 
 The Parish of Dawlish, Devon. 
 The Parish of Charlton, Macknel, Somersetshire. 
 
 PAROCHIAL PERAMBULATIONS. 
 
 That every man might keep his own possessions, 
 
 Our fathers used, in reverend processions, 
 
 With zealous prayers, and with praiseful cheere, 
 
 To walk their parish limits once a year. 
 
 And well-known marks (which sacrilegious hands 
 
 Now cut or breathe), so bord'red out their lands, 
 
 That every one distinctly knew his owne, 
 
 And many broils, now rife, were then unknowne. 
 
 Withefs Emblems (10)35.) 
 
 The origin of the custom of perambulating the bounds of 
 parishes goes as far back as the Romans, for, from the 
 days of Numa Pompilius they worshipped the god Ter- 
 minus whom they looked upon to be the guardian of 
 fields and land marks, and the bond of friendship and 
 peace among them, upon this account the feast called 
 Terminilia was dedicated to him ; instead of which we 
 have substituted perambulations which are of great use in 
 order to preserve the boundaries of parishes, for by the 
 injunctions of Queen Elizabeth it was ordained that the 
 people should once a year, at the time accustomed, walk 
 about the parish with the curate and the substantial men, 
 and at their return to the church make their common 
 prayers. And the curate of their said common perambu- 
 lations was requested, at certain convenient places, to 
 admonish the people to give thanks to God for the increase 
 and abundance of his fruits upon the face of the earth, 
 accompanied with the singing of the 103rd psalm. Agree- 
 ably to this we read in the Life of the inous Hooker, 
 that he would bv " no means omit the customary time of 
 
PEROCHIAL PERAMBULATIONS. 221 
 
 procession, persuading all both rich and poor, if they 
 desired the preservation of home, and their parish rights 
 and liberties to accompany him in his perambulation, 
 when he would usually express more pleasant discourse 
 than at other times, and then would always drop some 
 loving and facetious observations to be remembered against 
 the next year, especially by the boys and young people, still 
 inclining them and all his present parishioners to meek- 
 ness, mutual kindness and love."* The particular office 
 ordered by the Church of England for Rogation Sunday 
 is exactly suited for the nature of the season ; the three 
 following days are appointed fasts, and one of the Homi- 
 lies is composed particularly for the parochial perambu- 
 lation. The word parochia, or parish, anciently signified 
 what we now call the diocese of a bishop. In the early 
 ages of the Christian Church, as kings founded Cathedrals, 
 so great men founded parochial churches for the use of 
 themselves and their dependants, the bounds of the paro- 
 chial division being commonly the same with those of the 
 founder's jurisdiction, some foundations similar to this are 
 mentioned by Bede about the year 700. f 
 
 Camden says, that this kingdom was first divided into 
 parishes by Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the 
 year 636, and reckons 2984 parishes. But the division 
 of a diocese into rural parishes, and the foundation of 
 Churches adequate to them cannot be ascribed to any one 
 act, nor indeed to any one single age. Blount says, that 
 Rogation week is always the next week but one before 
 Whitsunday, and so called, because as Monday, Tuesday, 
 and Wednesday of that week, Rogations and Litinies 
 were used, and fasting, at least abstinence, then enjoined 
 by the Church to all persons, not only for a devout pre- 
 paration to the feast of Christ's ascension, and descent of 
 the Holy Ghost shortly after, but also to request and 
 supplicate the blessing of God upon the fruits of the 
 earth. 
 
 The Dutch call it Cruss Week, i. e. Cross Week, and 
 
 * See Walton's Life of Hooker, p. 72. + Collier's Eccl. Hist. vol. i. p. 231. 
 
222 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 so it is called in some parts of England, because of old, 
 when the priests went in procession, the cross was carried 
 before them. 
 
 It was formerly among the enquiries of the archdeacons 
 whether the practice was duly observed in the several 
 parishes, and Herbert mentions the pious and sociable 
 uses of this custom.* There does not appear to exist any 
 law by which this custom can be enforced, nor can the 
 Ecclesiastical Judges oblige the churchwardens to go their 
 bounds ; this is a growing evil, which can only be remedied 
 by an Act of Parliament. f 
 
 * See Herbert's Country Parson. 
 
 f See Faulkner's Hist, of Kensington, p. 5. 
 
THE VILLAGE OF EALING. 
 
 223 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Village of Ealing — Ealing and Brentford Volunteers — Ealing Manor — Par- 
 sonage House — Manor of Cold-hall — Goodenough House — Ealing House, 
 Lady Noel Byron's Industrial School — Elm Grove — Ealing Grove — Ealing 
 Green — Little Ealing — Ealing Park — Ealing Dean — Manor of Gunnersbury 
 — Ancient Houses — Eminent Inhabitants. 
 
 The Village of Ealing is situated as already observed, 
 principally on the south side of the Uxbridge road; it 
 consists of many detached gentlemen's seats, which it is the 
 purport of this chapter to describe ; but a remarkable 
 event, which occurred in the modern history of the parish, 
 demands, from its importance, apriority of notice, namely, 
 the formation and establishment of the Ealing and Brent- 
 ford Armed Association and Volunteer Corps. 
 
 When the country was menaced by foreign enemies and 
 domestic agitators, the inhabitants of Ealing and Brentford 
 nobly answered the call of honour, when they formed 
 themselves into a military association in 1797. 
 
 The corps consisted of a regiment of infantry, com- 
 manded by T. Harrington, Esq. whom they unanimously 
 chose for their major. Their arms and accoutrements were 
 furnished by government, but all other requisites were 
 provided at their own expense. The corps, Avithin a short 
 time after it was embodied, consisted of near 200 members. 
 The colours were deposited in Ealing church at the end of 
 the war. 
 
 After the short interval of peace (1808) subsequent to the 
 treaty of Amiens, the threat of invasion being renewed, the 
 inhabitants resolved upon the formation of a volunteer corps. 
 
 At a numerous and respectable meeting of the inhabitants 
 of the parish of Ealing, and the township of New Brent- 
 ford, convened by public notice, at the chapel in Old 
 Brentford, on Monday, the 8th of August, 1803, Lieut. - 
 Col. Drinkwater in the chair, it was resolved unanimously — 
 
 " That at this momentous crisis, when an ambitious and 
 
29A 
 
 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 implacable foe threatens the invasion and destruction of 
 this kingdom, it is the duty and interest of every man, who 
 wishes to preserve the blessings we enjoy under our free 
 and happy constitution, to stand forward in defence of his 
 king and country. — That it is the opinion of this meeting, 
 that the most effectual mode of strengthening the arm 
 of government, and of testifying our loyalty and zeal, is to 
 form a volunteer corps of the inhabitants of the said parish 
 and township. — That a declaration, conformable to the 
 general provisions of the act of parliament lately passed, 
 to enable His Majesty more effectually to provide for the 
 defence and the security of the realm, be drawn up, to be 
 signed by those inhabitants who are willing to enroll them- 
 selves to serve in this corps of volunteers. — That every 
 person so enrolling himself, do subscribe three guineas 
 towards defraying the expences of his military uniform. — 
 That the corps be distinguished by the name of the Ealing 
 and Brentford volunteers. — That those persons enrolling 
 themselves, who are possessed of arms and accoutrements 
 used by the late Brentford armed association, be invited 
 to produce them on this occasion; and that application be 
 made to government to furnish arms for the remainder of 
 the corps. — That a general committee be appointed to take 
 measures for carrying the above resolutions into effect. — 
 That the said committee consist of seven gentlemen of the 
 upper side, and seven of the lower side of Ealing parish, 
 and six of the township of New Brentford, together with 
 a treasurer, and two auditors." 
 
 ■Names of the Committee. — Ealing, Upper Side. — The 
 Rev. C. Carr, Vicar ; Rev. Dr. Nicholas ; Rev. W. Goode- 
 nough; Lieut.-Col. Drinkwater; E. Roberts, Esq.; R. 
 Gray, Esq. ; Thomas M'Donald, Esq. — Loioer Side. — 
 T. Smith, Esq. ; T. Harrington, Esq. ; Mr. J. Andrews, 
 Mr. T. Caldwall; Mr. J. P. Rowe ; Mr. G. Osborne; 
 Mr. R. Allen. — New Brentford. — James Clitherow, Esq. ; 
 Mr. M. Banks ; Mr. J. Drinkwater ; Mr. H. Ronalds ; 
 Mr. P. Norbury ; Mr. B. Padclon ; together with S. Purkis, 
 Esq. who is likewise requested to act as treasurer ; and 
 F. Stephens, Esq. and Mr. G Clark, as auditors. 
 
THE VILLAGE OF EALING. 225 
 
 * c That the said committee be empowered to conduct all 
 proceedings preparatory to the final constitution of the 
 corps, and also to adopt such further regulations as may 
 appear to them expedient. — That such inhabitants as from 
 age or other circumstances are prevented enrolling them- 
 selves on this occasion, be requested to promote the 
 purposes of this meeting by their pecuniary subscriptions, 
 which will be received by the treasurer, or any member of 
 the committee. — That books for enrollment be left at the 
 vicarage, Ealing ; at Mr. Jullien's, Old Brentford ; and at 
 Mr. Norbury's, New Brentford, until Thursday evening, 
 when the books will be closed. — That the thanks of this 
 meeting be given to Thomas M'Donald, Esq. for the very 
 eloquent and impressive address now delivered, and for 
 his zeal and attention on many former occasions. — That 
 the thanks of this meeting be given to Lieut.-Col. Drink- 
 water, for his very able and impartial conduct in the chair." 
 
 The speech of Thomas McDonald, Esq. at the general 
 meeting of the inhabitants of Ealing and Brentford, on 
 Monday, the 8th of August, 1803, to consider the most 
 effectual means of forming a volunteer corps : — 
 
 After stating in detail the proceedings of the vestry, 
 held at Ealing, on the 28th of July, of the committee 
 appointed at that vestry, and the sub-committee by them 
 chosen, in the course of which detail he took occasion to 
 do justice to the zeal and known merits of the officers and 
 gentlemen of the late Brentford armed association, and 
 after reading the resolutions of the committee for the imme- 
 diate formation of a strong volunteer corps, conformably 
 to the act lately passed for the defence of the realm, 
 Mr. McDonald proceeded nearly as follows : — " These, 
 Sir, are the proceedings and resolutions I have undertaken 
 to submit to the consideration of this general meeting of 
 the parish of Ealing and township of New Brentford, 
 which it gratifies me to see so very respectably and nume- 
 rously attended ; and in executing the duty with which I 
 have been honoured, I feel the most sensible satisfaction, 
 
 Q 
 
226 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 not only because these resolutions have met with my own 
 cordial approbation, but because I am thus enabled to bear 
 public testimony to the zeal, the steady spirit, and unani- 
 mity which have distinguished all our public meetings on 
 this momentous business. The same unanimity I hope 
 will prevail on the present occasion ; and I do not hesitate 
 to say, with perfect confidence, that if the same spirit pre- 
 vails, as we have reason to belive that it does, throughout 
 the kingdom at large, the country is safe. The conduct 
 of the people here is anxiously observed in France, and 
 speedy preparation, with the determined purpose of a brave 
 resistance, will enable us, under Heaven, to surmount the 
 threatened evil. I have said that in every instance we 
 have been unanimous, and indeed were we not unanimous 
 at the present crisis, I would ask on what occasion is una- 
 nimity to be looked for? Is not the cause a common 
 cause ? What rank or station can claim exemption from 
 the impending danger ? the rich man would be robbed of 
 his wealth, the earnings perhaps of a life of industry, or 
 the inheritance of his fathers, but would the poor man 
 be protected by his poverty ? If such were his thoughts 
 he would quickly find himself greatly disappointed. The 
 prince would be drawn from his palace ; but would not 
 the peasant be dragged from his cottage, from his helpless 
 family, to be the tortured drudge of a ruffian foreigner? 
 to be kept alive for the base uses to which his remaining 
 strength might be applied ; to be fed in the bondage of a 
 slave, from the offals of a Frenchman's table ? his body 
 wasting under oppression, his mind would feel all the 
 agony of despair, while he thought, full many a thankless 
 and unprofitable hour of labour, on the family he had lost, 
 the cottage he once could call his own, the security of 
 which, under the cherishing care of a good and gracious 
 sovereign, he had possessed — the liberty of equal law he 
 had enjoyed. Perhaps to complete his woe, he might feel, 
 with bitter remorse, that he had but ill estimated the value 
 of those gifts of Heaven when they were in his possession, 
 that when called upon to defend his country, he had kept 
 back, and thus, alas ! deserved the dreadful punishment 
 
EALING AND BRENTFORD VOLUNTEERS. 227 
 
 he suffered. These are not the paintings of imagination. 
 In those wretched countries which, from weakness, for 
 want of preparation, from internal dissention, or from 
 treachery, have submitted to the iron power of that fierce 
 usurper, who now, with insolence unparalleled, dares to 
 think of assaulting this mighty empire. In those wretched 
 countries there are thousands now pining under the mise- 
 ries I have described. They hear the threats against 
 England, but not without hope. The glories of British 
 liberty have long shone brightly through the gloom. The 
 renown of British valour pervades the world. The world 
 looks on, and hopes for deliverance and relief; and that 
 world shall see, that if the mad attempt is made, the fierce 
 invader and his hordes of slaves will perish in the tempest 
 which they themselves have raised. But that our vengeance 
 may be sure, one must not forget that courage, however 
 strong, will not avail without order and controul; our 
 indignation to be dreadful must receive its aim from skill 
 and system. Spirit, without precaution, would lead to 
 destruction — would plunge us into danger, without the 
 means of safety. It is the characteristic of English courage 
 to bear down with the collected force of steady movement 
 — to be firm, and so invincible. Let us maintain this 
 character ; and while we suffer not an hour to elapse with- 
 out advancing in preparation, let all our preparations have 
 the quality of order, and instruction in the use of arms. 
 Who that reflects for one moment, can refuse to sacrifice 
 some small portion of personal ease for permanent security 
 — the glorious security of old English independence. 
 Stand forward, then, my friends, and rally round the pillar 
 of your country's safety. Our sovereign calls ; and who 
 can brook the thought of one moment's delay. What! 
 are we prepared to see this fair land, the seat of our fore- 
 fathers, the scene of so many glorious acts of patriotism 
 and courage, torn from our possession, and made the haunt 
 of Frenchmen ? or despoiled of all that the worth of ages 
 has produced, and by rancourous desolation reduced to 
 that dreary waste which would effectually prevent the 
 revival of our former greatness ? Are we prepared to 
 
 q2 
 
2%8 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 suffer our sacred constitution — our pure religion — our just 
 laws — our charities — and all our institutions to be at once 
 thrown down ? to see the remains of life in our aged and 
 infirm parents extinguished under the pressure of con- 
 tumely and abuse ? and scenes of bloodshed and rapine 
 practised with cruelty proportioned to the envy which our 
 former happiness produced ? Shall we submit to this ? 
 Shall we pause one instant in providing for the means of 
 sure resistance ? It cannot be. We will ever bear in 
 mind those royal mottos, so nobly expressive of the just 
 and vigorous spirit which distinguish the southern and 
 northern parts of this happy island ; the one, ' God and 
 my right ;' the other, ' None shall injure us and go un- 
 punished.' We will stand forth, without fear. There is 
 no cause for fear. Every circumstance is propitious. No 
 internal discontents divide us. Here all is tranquil ; and 
 an abundant harvest, with favourable skies, augurs plenty 
 to the land. The God of nature smiles upon our purpose." 
 The resolutions proposed were ably seconded by Edward 
 Roberts, Esq. and unanimously passed, with every ex- 
 pression of ardent approbation and zeal. 
 
 The corps of the Ealing and Brentford volunteers, which 
 was subsequently formed agreeably to the foregoing regu- 
 lations, was divided into five companies, under the com- 
 mand of Col. Drinkwater and Major Harrington; and the 
 following gentlemen were also chosen as officers, viz. : — 
 
 CAPTAINS. LIEUTS. ENSIGNS. 
 
 Osborn Caldwell John Clarke 
 
 Drinkwater Roberts, jun. G. Julion 
 
 Andrews Paddon 
 
 Essex, of Acton Essex, jun. 
 
 J. P. Rowe Newton 
 
 This corps continued their exercises till October, 1806, 
 when it was finally dissolved, and the colours were deposited 
 in Ealing church. 
 
EALING MANOR. 229 
 
 Manor. — There are two general courts held for this 
 manor, viz. on Easter Monday, and in the middle or end 
 of November, in each year ; the former of which is a 
 court leet and baron, when constables, headboroughs, ale- 
 conners, and a common driver are appointed. 
 
 The manner and ceremonies used at the courts leet and courts 
 haron of the manor of Ealing, held at Hammersmith. 
 
 Proclamation. — All manner of persons that owe suit 
 and service to our sovereign lady the Queen, or the court 
 leet and court baron of Charles James, Lord Bishop of 
 London, lord of the manor of Ealing, held this day for the 
 said manor, may give attendance here, and come into 
 court, and take their admission. 
 
 Juryman's Oath. — You shall truly presentment make 
 of all such matters or things, as shall come before you, 
 relative to the court leet and court baron held this day, 
 for the manor of Ealing ; you shall present no man out of 
 malice nor ill-will, nor leave any unpresented out of favour, 
 but present the truth so far as shall come to your knowledge. 
 
 Surrender. — You do by me, and by this rod, surrender 
 into the hands of the lord of the manor of Ealing, all that 
 copyhold messuage, and by this surrender you make to 
 the use and behove of A. B. according to the custom of 
 the manor. 
 
 Admission. — The lord of the manor of Ealing does, by 
 me, and by this rod, grant you seizen and possession of all 
 that copyhold messuage, surrendered to you by A. B. to 
 have and to hold. 
 
 Surrender to Will. — You do by me, and by this rod, 
 surrender into the hands of the lord of the manor of Ealing, 
 all your copyhold lands ; and this surrender you make to 
 the use and behove of such persons, or to such use or 
 
230 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 uses, as you shall, by your last will and testament, declare 
 and appoint. 
 
 1. Copyholds descend in the nature of borough English 
 to the males and females, and to the heirs lineal and collateral. 
 
 2. On death or alienation, one year's quit rent to be 
 paid, and for heriotable lands, three shillings and four 
 pence, in the name of a heriot. 
 
 3. The widow of a copyholder, if a spinster at the time 
 of her marriage, hath one-third of his lands for her dower 
 during life. 
 
 4. Tenant by courtesy is allowed by the custom of this 
 manor. 
 
 5. A tenant may fell timber, or take down buildings on 
 his copyhold lands, without obtaining the lord's license 
 for the above purposes. 
 
 Lands within the manor of Ealing descend to the youngest 
 son, but in default of male issue, are divided among 
 daughters equally. 
 
 The manor of Ealing has belonged from time imme- 
 morial to the See of London. The demesne lands, con- 
 sisting of about 660 acres, were leased by Bishop Bonner, 
 under the name of Ealing-bury, to Edward, Duke of 
 Somerset, for a term of 200 years ; after his attainder they 
 came into the hands of the crown, and were granted, 
 anno 1601, for the unexpired term, to Simon Willis, who 
 assigned one moiety to Thomas Fisher, and the other to 
 Sir Thomas Penruddock. 
 
 At the time of the parliamentary survey, A.D. 1650, 
 the manor-house was in the possession of John Pen- 
 ruddock, the same, it is probable, who was executed at 
 Exeter, in 1655, for an insurrection against Cromwell. 
 It is described in the Survey as " ruinated, and lying 
 open since the first plundering thereof in the beginning 
 of the last troubles." I have not had an opportunity of 
 learning through what hands this estate passed afterwards 
 till 1757, when Bonner's grant being expired, it was leased 
 in the usual manner to Richard Long, Esq. and is now 
 held under a new lease by his daughters and co-heiresses, 
 one of whom is married to William Vachell, Esq. and the 
 
PARSONAGE HOUSE. 231 
 
 other to George Harding, Esq. one of the justices of the 
 grand sessions for Brecon, &c. Mr. Hardinge has alie- 
 nated his interest in the lease to Mr. Peter Thornton. 
 
 Royalties. — The manor is in the Bishop's own hands, 
 and the courts are held by his steward. 
 
 The royalties, or the right of fishing, hunting, &c. were 
 leased to the late Jonathan Gurnell, Esq. and are now 
 held by Jacob Jeddere, Esq. 
 
 The Parsonage House, is a respectable and commo- 
 dious building, and was greatly improved by the late 
 vicar. The premises consist of about four acres. In ad- 
 dition to which, there is a glebe land of about five acres and 
 a half. 
 
 The poor house was situated opposite to the church; 
 after the completion of the Brentford Poor Law Union it 
 was pulled down and houses have been built upon its site, 
 which are the property of T. Butlin, Esq. who resides in 
 the adjoining mansion, called West-field House. 
 
 Robert Orme, Esq. — This distinguished historian was 
 born at Anjingo, in the East Indies, in 1728, and was 
 educated at Harrow. He afterwards obtained a civil 
 appointment at Calcutta, and was created a member of 
 the council at Fort St. George. After being elected com- 
 missary and accountant-general in 1753, he embarked 
 for England for the recovery of his health, but the ship 
 in which he sailed being captured by the French, he did 
 not reach his destination until the spring of 1760. The 
 first volume of his celebrated work, " History of the Mili- 
 tary Transactions of the British Nation in Indostan, from 
 the year 1745," appeared in 1763, and the second in 1778. 
 The elegance and perspicuity of the narrative, with its 
 great fidelity and impartiality, entitle the author to rank 
 with the best Historical writers of his time. 
 
 He also published " Historical Fragments of the Mogul 
 Empire of the Mahrattas, and of the English Concerns in 
 Indostan."* 
 
 * See his Epitaph, p. 190. 
 
%32 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 In the beginning of January 1801, Mr. Ormc fell into 
 a state of general debility that prognosticated a speedy 
 dissolution of his frame, and on the thirteenth of the same 
 month he expired, in the seventy-third year of his age. 
 His remains were interred by his friends, in a vault that 
 had been previously prepared for that purpose in the 
 church-yard at Ealing, and soon after, a neat marble 
 cenotaph was erected in the said church, in honour of his 
 memory, by his Mend and executor Mr. Roberts, with 
 an appropriate inscription composed by General Richard 
 Smith. His personal habits were not marked by any 
 very striking peculiarities, and his general manner of 
 address was at once easy, sensible, and polite. The liberal 
 and ingenious qualities of his heart, no less than of his 
 mind, merited the highest commendation. His powers 
 of conversation were very considerable, and such was the 
 variety and extent of his knowledge, such the promptitude 
 of his perceptions, and the versitality of his expressions, 
 that he seldom failed to illustrate in a pleasing, and fre- 
 quently in a forcible manner, whatever subject came under 
 his discussion. Ancient literature was ever one of his 
 favourite topics, and he conversed on it without evincing 
 the slightest symptom of affectation or pedantry. In 
 delineating Mr. Orme's intellectual character, it may 
 be pronounced, that the principal features in it were an 
 excellent understanding, good sense, innate sagacity, and 
 sound judgment. These qualities were assisted in their 
 exercise by the force of an active spirit, the researches of 
 a solicitous curiosity, and the direction of a well cultivated 
 taste. To a mind thus constituted, it was no difficult 
 task to combine and adjust multifarious circumstances in 
 a lucid and apposite arrangement, and to narrate them 
 with that precision, and that comprehensive pointedncss 
 which so strongly distinguish the writings of Mr. Orme. 
 Few historians have connected the events of their story 
 with more perspicuity, or described them with more con- 
 ciseness. If his narrative appear sometimes minute, it is 
 never unreasonably tedious, never redundant. 
 
 Every incident is so distinctly stated, and placed in 
 
ROBERT ORME, ESQ. 283 
 
 so perspicuous a point of view, every new nation, or 
 individual is introduced on the stage of action, with, so 
 compendious an explanation, all his general remarks and 
 observations arise from the facts with so much ease and 
 natural propriety, and are in themselves so just, con- 
 vincing, and conclusive, and the style throughout so 
 replete with terseness and general simplicity, that every 
 reader of discernment and penetration must feel a lively 
 interest in perusing his history. It is not, indeed, illu- 
 mined with philosophical views of society, national man- 
 ners, civil institutions, the polite arts, or a wide spread of 
 commerce, nor is it decorated with any delicate delineation 
 of character ; but, it is nevertheless, a work of extra- 
 ordinary merit, and must ever continue to hold a high 
 rank in the class of historical compositions. 
 
 Mr. Orme possessed a correct taste for the arts of 
 painting and sculpture ; an admirable picture formerly in 
 his possession, representing the dreadful Storm of Pondi- 
 cherry, which happened during Colonel Coote's blockade 
 of that fortress in the year 1761, and which is pathetically 
 described by our author in the second volume of his 
 history, was principally designed by himself, acting, how- 
 ever, in concert with the celebrated Athenian Stewart. 
 This was painted by Wilkins, from a small sketch made 
 on the spot by Major Rennell, and it has ever been con- 
 sidered by artists as a truly excellent production. It is 
 well known that Sir Joshua Reynolds condescended occa- 
 sionally to receive hints from Mr. Orme, on the subject of 
 some of his most beautiful and delicate touches, both in 
 figures and drapery. For many years after the establish- 
 ment of the Royal Academy, Mr. Orme never failed to be 
 a regular attendant at the exhibitions ; and was frequently 
 heard to express a high sense of gratified feelings, on con- 
 templating the gradual progress of the fine arts in England. 
 
 Mr. Orme was also an excellent judge of music, to 
 which he was very much attached ; this led him to fre- 
 quent the Opera, where he more especially admired the 
 most sublime compositions of the immortal Handel. 
 
 That he was also a poet, hand crassa Minerva, not 
 
2U 
 
 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 destitute of some genius and talent, the following specimen 
 sufficiently attests. It was set to music, and was justly and 
 greatly admired on its first appearance and introduction 
 to the public : — 
 
 ADDRESS TO THE MOON. 
 
 Written on the Terrace, at Madras, in the year 1757. 
 
 Stay, silver moon, nor hasten down the skies, 
 
 I seek the how'r where lovely Chloe lies. 
 
 No midnight felon asks thy trembling ray 
 
 To guide his footsteps to the dang'rous prey. 
 
 No murderer, lurking for his hated foe, 
 
 Asks thy pale light to guide the vengeful blow 
 
 The breast with love possest, no furies move ; 
 
 No vi'lence arms the gentle hand of love. 
 
 I meditate no theft ; the willing fair 
 
 Shall yield her beauties to my well-fraught prayer. 
 
 Stay, silver moon, nor hasten down the skies, 
 
 I seek the bow'r where lovely Chloe lies. 
 
 The following letter from the learned Sir William Jones, 
 expressive of his high opinion of Mr. Orme's talents as 
 an historitan, must have been truly gratifying and satis- 
 factory : — 
 
 To Robert Orme, Esq. — " It is impossible for me to 
 describe the delight and admiration I have felt from the 
 perusal of your History of the War in India. The plans, 
 circumstances, and events of it, are so clearly described 
 by you, that I felt an interest in them rather as an actor 
 than a reader. I was particularly pleased with your deli- 
 neation of the lives and characters of those who had 
 distinguished themselves by their actions or wisdom ; nor 
 was I less delighted with the elegance of your topogra- 
 phical descriptions : that of the Ganges particularly pleased 
 me — it is absolutely a picture. I have remarked, that the 
 more polished historians of all ages, as well as the poets, 
 have been fond of displaying their talents in describing 
 rivers. Thus Thucydides describes the Achelous, and 
 Xenophon the Teleboas, and both admirably, though in 
 a different manner ; the latter with his usual brevity and 
 
ROBERT ORME, ESQ. 235 
 
 elegance, the former with a degree of roughness and magni- 
 ficence not common to him. With respect to your style, 
 if elegance consist in the choice and collocation of words, 
 you have a most indubitable title to it ; for you have, on 
 all occasions, selected the most appropriate expressions, 
 and have given to them the most beautiful arrangement : 
 this is almost the greatest praise which a composition can 
 claim. The publication of the second part of your history, 
 which has been so long and so earnestly looked for, will 
 be highly acceptable to those whose opinions you respect ; 
 and I need not say, that will add to your reputation. 
 Indeed it is not just that the Coromandel coast only should 
 receive the ornament of your pen, to the neglect of Bengal, 
 which an Indian monarch pronounced the delight of the 
 world." 
 
 It should be observed in passing, that Mr. Orme was 
 peculiarly felicitous in the composition of monumental 
 inscriptions, of which he wrote a great number for his 
 friends at different periods, and on various occasions. 
 At the time of his death he held the office of historio- 
 grapher to the East India company. The successful studies 
 and commendable industry of a few gentlemen in the most 
 difficult and abstruse parts of Oriental literature, and 
 particularly in acquiring a knowledge of the Sanscrit 
 language ; the establishment of an Oriental library and 
 museum at the India house; the formation of the Asiatic 
 Society at Calcutta, with a view to promote researches of 
 every kind into the history, languages, and antiquities of 
 eastern nations ; and finally, the institution of a college in 
 this country, as likewise of another at Calcutta, for the 
 instruction of cadets, intended for the civil service of the 
 East India company abroad, promise and prognosticate 
 the most important and incalculable services, not only to 
 the British nation, but to the whole civilized world. 
 
 Although Mr. Orme was not profoundly versed in the 
 Oriental tongues, yet the influence of his active spirit, 
 keen enquiry, and sagacious observation, had no small 
 
 * Sir W. Jones's Letters, vol. i. p. 72. London, 1821= 
 
2S6 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 share in projecting and recommending establishments preg- 
 nant with such singular benefits to this country and to 
 mankind.* In conclusion, it may be truly said that never 
 had liberal and honourable masters a more zealous, faithful, 
 and disinterested servant ; and never had the country, and 
 the public at large, a more firm, ardent, and sincere friend, 
 than the late ingenious, learned, candid, and amiable 
 Robert Orme. 
 
 Manor of Coldshawe. — The manor of Coldshawe, or 
 Coldhall, belonged, in the early part of the seventeenth 
 century, to Gideon Aunsham, Esq. ; in the year 1667, it 
 was alienated by Jane, wife of Henry Mildmay, Esq., 
 and Margaret Aunsham, sisters and co-heirs of Robert 
 Aunsham, Esq. to William Denington, Esq. who dying 
 intestate in 1686, his estates were divided between his 
 three sisters. It seems probable that this manor fell to 
 the share of Anne, wife of Thomas Watts, who had the 
 manor of Coldshawe, in 1690; and Richard Watts died 
 seized of a freehold estate at Ealing, in 1710. In 1728, 
 Charles Lockyer paid a fine of alienation to the Bishop of 
 London, for having purchased the manor of Coldshawe of 
 John Loving, Esq. 
 
 It is now the property of Henry Burgoyne Sharp, Esq. 
 of Hammersmith, who married one of the Lockyer family. 
 
 The Manor House, now called Goodenough-house, is 
 occupied by Mr. Gilbert, as a school for young gentlemen. 
 
 In the year 1776 these premises were occupied by the 
 celebrated and unfortunate Dr. Dodd, as a boarding school 
 for young gentlemen ; and in the beginning of the month 
 of February, in the following year, he was here taken 
 prisoner, and carried to Newgate, for the crime of forgery. 
 Perhaps no similar circumstance in modern times has ex- 
 cited so much of the public sympathy. 
 
 On Saturday, Feb. 22, soon after two o'clock, Dr. Dodd 
 was brought to the bar of the Old Bailey, led in by the 
 Rev. Mr. Butler ; the indictment being read, Lord Ches- 
 
 * Life prefixed to Fragments. 
 
GOODENOUGH HOUSE. 287 
 
 terfield was the first person examined, and said, that 
 neither the signature to the bond, nor the receipt for the 
 money, were of his signing. 
 
 Mr. Manley gave a substantial detail of the whole trans- 
 action, from the time the bond came into his hands, to the 
 time of the commitment of the prisoner. 
 
 He said that he went to Dr. Dodd's house, and that on 
 seeing the Doctor he told him his business, and asked 
 him how he could be guilty of such an act; that the 
 Doctor seemed much shocked ; and, as soon as he could 
 recover himself, said, that urgent necessity was the cause. 
 Mr. Nield, treasurer to the society for the relief of small 
 debts, was next called, who swore that the signatures both 
 in the bond and receipt were the hand-writing of the 
 prisoner ; he said he was quite positive, by being so long 
 acquainted with Dr. Dodd's writing, and having so often 
 seen him write. No witnesses being produced in favour 
 of the Doctor, he was called upon for his defence. He 
 said he was fully sensible of the heniousness of the crime 
 of forgery ; but he called God to witness that he meant no 
 injury to any one ; and that he should have been able to 
 reinstate the money in a few months ; that this was a 
 most cruel prosecution, as Mr. Manley had given him 
 hopes, if he made restitution, that no further notice would 
 be taken ; that he considered a person committed as prin- 
 cipal, and being admitted evidence against him, an entire 
 new case, and therefore affected him the more ; that life to 
 him, after being exposed to shame, was of no value, he would 
 willingly resign it ; but he had a wife, with whom he had 
 lived seven and twenty years in the most perfect conjugal 
 felicity, for he felt, his creditors must likewise, he said 
 be sufferers, should he now suffer ; and as restitution had 
 been made, he hoped the court and jury would consider all 
 these circumstances, and acquit him. Mr. Baron Perryn 
 summed up the evidence very fully, and then the jury 
 went out, and after staying about twenty minutes, brought 
 in their verdict of guilty. The jury afterwards drew up 
 a memorial in recommendation of the Doctor to His 
 Majesty for the royal mercy, and presented it to the court. 
 
HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 The sheriffs, on the 12th of June, attended by the city 
 remembrancer, presented to His Majesty the petition from 
 the city of London, in favour of Dr. Dodd, another peti- 
 tion, from the Magdalen charity, was presented to the 
 Queen, as was one from Mrs. Dodd, delivered by herself. 
 Another petition was afterwards presented by Lord Percy, 
 signed by upwards of twenty thousand of the inhabitants 
 of Westminster. 
 
 Dr. Dodd was carried, on the 27th day of June, in a 
 mourning coach, attended by the Rev. W. Willette, the 
 ordinary of Newgate, and the Rev. Mr. Dobey, from 
 Newgate to the place of execution. The rev. gentlemen 
 got out of the carriage, and went with Dr. Dodd into the 
 cart, where they prayed by him ; and after some further 
 time spent in prayer, by himself, he took an affectionate 
 leave of the above clergymen ; he then put on a cap, and 
 pulled it over his eyes, and, with the other convict, was 
 turned off. The time the Doctor was in the cart was 
 about half an hour. He behaved throughout the whole 
 with great fortitude. 
 
 He was born in 1729, at Bourne, in Lincolnshire, of 
 which parish his father was vicar ; after receiving a gram- 
 matical education, he was entered as a sizer at Clare Hall, 
 Cambridge, where, in 1750, he took the degree of B.A. 
 The following year he married a lady of many accomplish- 
 ments, but very little fortune. In 1753 he was admitted 
 into orders, and repaired to London, where his eloquence 
 and impressive oratory in the pulpit rapidly rendered him 
 one of the most admired and popular preachers of the day. 
 He successively obtained several lectureships, and pub- 
 lished several sermons, which met with a very favourable 
 reception. 
 
 Rendered vain by the attentions paid to him, which 
 very much resembled those excited by a favourite actor, 
 although his income was handsome, his expences far 
 exceeded it, and the very considerable sums which he 
 received as author, proved altogether inadequate to ex- 
 pences to which an opulent private fortune would alone 
 have been adequate. He took an active part in the insti- 
 
EALING HOUSE. 239 
 
 tution of the Magdalen Hospital. For Kis services in this 
 situation he received a handsome annual stipend, and in 
 1762, Dr. Squires, bishop of St. David's, who had pre- 
 viously made him his chaplain, collated him to the prebend 
 of Brecon. By the friendship of the same prelate, the 
 celebrated earl of Chesterfield appointed him tutor to his 
 godson. In the following year he was made one of the 
 king's chaplains, and in 1766, took the degree of LL.D. 
 His extravagance, however, was such, that he was involved 
 in debts, which he could not discharge, and in 1774, he 
 had recourse to a miserable expedient to procure the rich 
 living of St. George's, Hanover Square, by means of an 
 anonymous application to the Lord Chancellor's lady, to 
 whom an offer of three thousand pounds was made for her 
 interest to procure the living. The letter being traced to 
 its author, he was ignominiously struck out of the list of 
 royal chaplains. He now deemed it prudent to retire to 
 Geneva, where his pupil then was, who received him 
 with kindness, and procured for him the living of Winge, 
 in Buckinghamshire. His embarrassment, however, 
 continued as great as ever, and at length they tempted 
 him to the crime of forgery which brought him to an 
 untimely death.* He published abridgements of Grotius 
 on " Peace and War," and Locke on the " Human Under- 
 standing," various Sermons, " Reflections on Death," a 
 " Commentary on the Bible," the " Visitor, 2 vols. 12mo. 
 and many other works which it is not necessary to detail. 
 In his " Prison Toughts" published after his death, he 
 was assisted by Dr. Johnson. 
 
 Ealing House, once the property and residence of 
 Colonel Douglas, belonged to the family of Bonfoy, in the 
 year 1691 ; in 1715 to Sir James Montague, Baron of the 
 Exchequer, and afterwards successively to Sir Thomas 
 Grey, Knight, 1724; Nathaniel Oldham, Esq. 1728; 
 Slingsby Bethele, Esq. 1748 ; General John Huske, Wil- 
 liam Adair, Esq. Edward Payne, Esq. and the late Earl 
 of Galloway. 
 
 * Life prefixed to Prison Thoughts. 
 
240 
 
 HISTORY OF EALIXG. 
 
 Here resided William Melmoth, son of the author of 
 a pious and well known work entitled, " The great 
 Importance of a Religious Life," who was born in 1710. 
 He received a liberal education, but does not appear 
 to have studied at either of the Universities. He was 
 bred to the law, and in 1756, received the appointment 
 of commissioner of bankrupts, but passed the chief part 
 of his life in retirement at Ealing, He first appeared 
 as a writer about 1742, in a volume of letters under 
 the name of Fitzosborne, which have been much admired 
 for the elegance of their stile, and their calm and 
 liberal, if not profound remarks on various topics, 
 moral and literary. In 1747, he followed this pro- 
 duction with a translation of the " Letters of Pliny the 
 Younger," which has been regarded as one of the happiest 
 versions of a latin author in the English language, although 
 somewhat enfeebled by a desire to obliterate every trace 
 of a latin style. He was also the translator of Cicero's 
 treatises, " De Amicitia" and " De Senectute." His last 
 work was Memoirs of his Father, under the title of 
 " Memoirs of a late eminent advocate, and member of the 
 honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn." In 1754, he accepted 
 the office of joint treasurer of the Ealing charity school. 
 In 1755, he took the office solely upon himself, which he 
 continued to hold till the year 1760, when he resigned.* 
 He died in 1799, aged eighty-nine. f 
 
 These premises are now occupied by Ealing Grove 
 School, under the patronage of Lady Noel Byron, which 
 was established in 1833, and now consists of fifty boarders, 
 and thirty day scholars. The boys work in the garden 
 about three hours in the day — two of which are for the 
 school, the other for the cultivation of their own ground, 
 the produce of which they dispose of on their own account. 
 The course of in-door instruction includes Reading, 
 "Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography, 
 Scriptural and General History, and the Elements of 
 Geometry. Lessons in Drawing and Singing are also 
 
 * See Vestry Miuutes, April 20, 1700. + Gentleman's Mag. 1799. 
 
ELM GROTE 241 
 
 given, and occasional Lectures on Elementary Chemistry. 
 No boys are admitted under nine years of age, unless for 
 very special reasons. The formation of a class of useful 
 village schoolmasters being one main object for which the 
 school was appointed, every assistance is afforded to boys 
 who show a decided turn for teaching. 
 
 The boarders pay fifteen pounds per annum, paid in 
 advance, in quarterly payments, and the day boys pay 
 sixpence per week. 
 
 Head Master, — Mr. Charles Nelson Atlee. 
 
 Elm Grove, formerly called Hickes-upon-the-Heath, 
 is detached from the village, and situated on the edge of 
 Ealing Common. 
 
 This house was, in the latter part of the seventeeth cen- 
 tury, the property and residence of Sir William Trumbull, 
 the early friend of Pope, and afterwards secretary of state 
 to King William. 
 
 Sir William Trumbull, an English statesman, was born 
 at East Hempstead, in Berkshire, in 1636. He studied 
 at Oxford, and having taken the degree of Batchelor of 
 Laws in 1659, he travelled into France and Italy. On his 
 return home he finished his legal studies, and became 
 a barrister in the Court of Chancery. 
 
 In 1682, he obtained the office of Clerk of the Signet, 
 and after having occupied various posts, diplomatic and 
 political, he was at length made secretary of state. He 
 resigned this office after holding it two years, in 1697, and 
 retired to his estate at East Hempstead, where he died, 
 December 14, 1716. Burnet describes him as an able 
 civilian, and a most virtuous man; but he is chiefly known 
 as the friend of Pope, who wrote his epitaph, and has 
 preserved some of his letters.* 
 
 A pleasing form, a firm, yet cautious mind ; 
 Sincere, though prudent; constant, yet resign'd, 
 Honour unchang'd, a principle profest, 
 Fix'd to one side, but mod'rate to the rest, 
 
 * Biog. Univ. 
 R 
 
242 HISTORY or ealing. 
 
 An honest courtier, yet a patriot too ; 
 
 Just to his prince, and to his country true ; 
 
 Fill'd with the sense of age, the fire of youth, 
 
 A scorn of wrangling, yet a zeal for truth, 
 
 A gen'rous faith, from superstition free, 
 
 A love to peace, and hate of tyranny ; 
 
 Such this man was, who now, from earth remov'd, 
 
 At length enjoys that liberty he lov'd. 
 
 At subsequent periods it was possessed by Charles 
 Hedges, LL.D. secretary to Queen Anne, and Dr. John 
 Egerton, bishop of Durham. 
 
 The premises were enlarged and improved by Frederick 
 Barnard, Esq. and the late lord Kinnard afterwards resided 
 here. Of the heirs of this nobleman the estate was pur- 
 chased by the late Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer. Many improvements were bestowed 
 on the house and grounds of Elm Grove, by the lamented 
 hand of their late possessor, and the building now consti- 
 tutes a commodious family residence of a plain but desirable 
 character. The most pleasing front is on the garden side, 
 towards the south, and in this portion of the building are 
 introduced some few simple and judicious embellishments. 
 
 The grounds contain about thirty-six acres, ten of which 
 are in the pleasure grounds, and the remainder used as 
 meadow or pasture, but each division is rendered orna- 
 mental by the good taste with which it is disposed. A 
 broad walk, edged with a thick plantation of shrubs leads 
 round the chief part of the premises. 
 
 It is with the deepest regret that we sully our pages by 
 recording one of those atrocious events, which to the 
 honour of the British nation, rarely occur, and which 
 deprived the country of the services of the right honour- 
 able Spencer Perceval, chancellor of the exchequer, and 
 prime minister of England, a man, who, in his personal 
 intercourse, gave offence to none — in his private life was 
 an example to all, and who, however firm and unbending 
 in his principles, yet conducted political conflicts in a way 
 that seemed to disarm them of their characteristic bitter- 
 ness. About a quarter past five on the 11th of May, 
 1812, as Mr. Perceval was entering the lobby of the 
 
RIGHT HON. SPENCER PERCEVAL. 24:3 
 
 House of Commons, a man who had a short time pre- 
 viously placed himself in the recess of the door-way 
 within the lobby, drew out a small pistol, and shot him in 
 the lower part of the left breast. The ball is supposed to 
 have entered his heart. Mr. Perceval moved forward a 
 few faultering steps, nearly half way up the lobby, and 
 was in the act of falling, when some persons stepped for- 
 ward and caught him. He was immediately carried to the 
 room of the speaker's secretary. Mr. Lynn the surgeon 
 of Parliament-street was immediately sent for, but on 
 examining the wound, he considered the case hopeless. 
 All that escaped Mr. Perceval's lips previously to falling 
 in the lobby was " murder, or murdered." He expired 
 in about ten minutes. A person passing by seized the 
 pistol from the hand of the assassin, who surrendered it 
 without any resistance. An officer took hold of him, and 
 asked if he were the villain who shot the minister. He 
 replied, " I am the unhappy man," but appeared quite 
 undisturbed. On searching him some printed papers 
 were found, copies of which he had previously distributed 
 among members. He was taken to the bar of the House 
 of Commons and identified as the assassin. Another 
 pistol was taken from his pocket ; he was conveyed to the 
 prison over the committee rooms, where he underwent an 
 examination before several magistrates, and was fully 
 committed for trial. He was afterwards conveyed to 
 Newgate. 
 
 His name was Bcllingham, and he had been engaged in 
 mercantile concerns at Liverpool. During most part of the 
 proceedings he preserved an air perfectly calm, and seemed 
 under no sort of agitation, but had deliberately and fully 
 made up his mind to the atrocious act ; this wretched man 
 was a native of St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, and aged 
 forty-two years. He was brought up in a counting house 
 in London, and then went to Archangel, where he lived 
 with a Russian merchant, in whose employment as clerk, 
 he continued three years. Having formed a connection 
 with a merchant in the timber line, he returned to England 
 
 r2 
 
241 
 
 HISTORY OF EALIX 
 
 and entered into considerable mercantile engagements. 
 His friend having become bankrupt he was thrown into 
 prison by the merchants, and upon recovering his liberty 
 he proceeded again to Archangel where he became re-in- 
 volved in yet more numerous difficulties, and he claimed 
 in vain the assistance of the British minister, who would 
 render him no assistance, but the term of his confine- 
 ment having expired, he returned to England full of 
 complaints against the Russian government. He subse- 
 quently continued to present memorials to the ministry 
 on the subject of his claims, but these were concerns with 
 which our government would not interfere. 
 
 For the last few weeks he had been in attendance about 
 the House of Commons, and had addressed to several 
 members a printed statement of his grievances, requesting 
 their interference, and on his last application he received 
 a repulsive answer, which it is supposed, confirmed him 
 in his dark and fatal purpose. 
 
 Bellingham was brought to his trial ; the courts being- 
 sitting, on the 15th, there being no difficulty in proving 
 the fact, he was without hesitation brought in guilty. 
 There was a slight attempt to prove him insane, but except 
 his persuasion that what he had committed was perfectly 
 justifiable, and an apparent expectation that the fact would 
 be so considered on his trial, no other marks of an alienated 
 mind could be adduced. In delivering his defence, his 
 manner was warm but unimpassioned, his delivery fluent, 
 and though he was occasionally much affected, and wept, 
 he betrayed no embarrassment. Upon receiving the final 
 sentence of the court, he appeared deeply sensible of his 
 dreadful situation. His execution took place on the 18th, 
 before Newgate. He prepared for his fate with great 
 composure by the several religious exercises, and during 
 the whole scene manifested an extraordinary degree of 
 firmness and self-possession. He denied that he had any 
 accomplices in the deed, (as, indeed, there could be no 
 suspicions of this kind,) and persisted to the very last in 
 refusing to express any contrition for his crime. His 
 
RIGHT HON. SPENCER PERCEVAL. 24:0 
 
 behaviour on the whole was such as apparently to render 
 him in his last moments, rather an object of interest than 
 of detestation. 
 
 The right honourable Spencer Perceval, Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer, whose melancholy fate has just been 
 recorded, was the second son of the late Earl of Egmont, 
 of the kingdom of Ireland, and Baron Lovel and Holland 
 in England, by Catherine Compton, sister to Lord Nor- 
 thampton, and was born at his father's house in Audley- 
 square, November 1, 1762. He was named after his uncle 
 Spencer, the eighth earl of Northampton, and as his 
 father enjoyed the friendship of Lord Bute, the premier, 
 during whose administration he presided at the admiralty, 
 his lordship doubtless entertained well founded hopes 
 that his sons might aspire to the highest offices of the 
 state. He died, however, when he of whom we now treat, 
 was only eight years of age ; and, consequently, at a period 
 when instead of beino- included in the " Lives and Cha- 
 
 o 
 
 racters of eminent men in England," a work in which his 
 father was actually engaged at the time of his demise, 
 young Spencer was probably reading the " Histories of 
 the illustrious men of Greece and Rome." 
 
 He was brought up at Charlton in Kent, and at a 
 proper time was removed to Harrow school, whence he 
 repaired to Trinity College, Cambridge. Here he obtained 
 the degree of M.A. which shortened his road to the bar, 
 and was entered of Lincoln's Inn. He commenced his 
 career by accompanying the judges through the Midland 
 circuit, and was soon considered as a rising man, for he 
 Avas appointed counsel to the admiralty, and in 1799, he 
 obtained a silk gown. His own university paid him a high 
 compliment, by nominating him as one of its two counsel.* 
 
 From this period his professional preferments were 
 rapid; in 1801, he became attorney-general, which office 
 he held till Mr. Fox and Lord Grenville came into power 
 in 1806. In 1790, Mr. Perceval married Miss Jane 
 Wilson, the youngest daughter of Sir Thomas Spencer 
 Wilson, of Charlton, in the county of Kent. 
 
 * Gent. Mag. 
 
246 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Meanwhile, being partly propelled by his own ambition, 
 and partly by the spirit of his original destination, he 
 determined on a public parliamentary life. At length an 
 event occurred in consequence of which he had an oppor- 
 tunity of entering the political arena, and exhibiting his 
 powers in St. Stephen's chapel ; for on the demise of his 
 maternal uncle April 7, 1796, a vacancy for the repre- 
 sentation of the borough of Northampton took place, as 
 his first cousin, Lord Compton, by succeeding to the 
 earldom, vacated his seat. The Earl of Northampton suc- 
 ceeded his father as recorder, while his friend and relative 
 Mr. Perceval, who had been nominated deputy recorder, 
 was also returned one of the members. Mr. Perceval 
 rose in the House of Commons for the first time on June 2, 
 1797, at a very critical period, for the express purpose 
 of supporting Mr. Pitt, who in consequence of the com- 
 motions at the Nore, had brought in a bill " for the better 
 Prevention and Punishment of all traiterous attempts to 
 excite Sedition and Mutiny in his Majesties Service." On 
 this occasion he suggested a mode for avoiding delay, by 
 denominating the offence felony; he also proposed that 
 there should be a discretionary power, either of transpor- 
 tation or imprisonment. On the 4 th of January, 1807, he 
 supported, in an able speech, the " Assessed Tax Bill," he 
 was well attended to by the House and was followed by 
 Mr. Sheridan who observed, " that this was a speech of 
 great talent and ingenuity." From this period Mr. Perceval 
 appears to have paid a particular attention to matters of 
 finance. Soon after this he attained the first grand step 
 in his profession, having been appointed solicitor-general 
 at the age of thirty -nine. He became afterwards attorney- 
 general. In 1807, he was appointed chancellor of the 
 exchequei and first commissioner of the treasury, which 
 offices it is well known constitute the premiership, and he 
 then took the lead in the House of Commons, and was 
 considered as not only the titular, but the efficient minister 
 of the government. As a man of business Mr. Perceval 
 was affable, quick, and ready, either at starting or answering 
 objections. As an orator, he was fluent, perspicuous, and 
 
LITTLE EALING. 247 
 
 conclusive, though without possessing the good naturecl 
 humour of his predecessor, Lord North ; the argumentative 
 decision of his rival, Charles Fox; or the bold and com- 
 manding eloquence of his friend and predecessor, William 
 Pitt; yet he found means to engage, to wield, and to 
 convince the House of Commons. 
 
 While a young man at the bar, he is said to have spoken 
 of all those who differed with him in politics, with a cer- 
 tain degree of asperity ; but a more mature age dulcified 
 his expressions, and convinced him that power is not to be 
 retained by the same means by which it was acquired. 
 
 Ealing Grove was in 1722, the property of the Earl 
 of Rochford, who was admitted to it in right of his wife 
 Bessy, daughter of Richard Earl Rivers ; it afterwards 
 belonged to Dr. Peters, whose widow brought it in mar- 
 riage to Captain, (afterwards Sir Edward) Hughes. In 
 in 1755 it was purchased by Joseph Gulston, Esq. well 
 known for his valuable collection of prints. It passed suc- 
 cessively through the hands of the Duke of Marlborough 
 and Argyle. 
 
 Ealing Grove now forms the site of Lady Byron's school. 
 
 Little Ealing is a pleasant village half a mile on the 
 westward road, and contains several capital mansions. 
 
 Ealing Park was successively the property of J.Loving,* 
 Esq., Sir Richard Ellis, Sir Francis Dashwood, Sir Richard 
 Littleton, Earl Brooke, Lord Robert Manners, and Cuth- 
 bert Fisher, Esq., and his widow. 
 
 It is now the property of W. Lawrence, Esq. and 
 under the care and constant superintendence of Mrs. 
 Lawrence, it has become one of the most beautiful spots 
 near London. The park is agreeably diversified by wood 
 and water, and the collection of exotics is one of the most 
 extensive and diversified description. 
 
 Dr. William King was born at Stepney in 1685, and 
 received his education at Baliol College, Oxford, where 
 he proceeded LL.D. in 1715. He was made secretary to 
 
 * See his Epitaph, p. 109. 
 
£48 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 the Duke of Ormond, and afterwards to the Earl of Arran, 
 successive chancellors of the University, and he subse- 
 quently became principal of St. Mary's Hall, and public 
 orator. 
 
 Dr. King was celebrated for the elegance of his compo- 
 sitions, particularly an oration spoken at the opening of 
 the Ratcliffe Library in 1749. He published some of his 
 speeches, and a few Latin poems, and was editor of the 
 five last volumes of South's Sermons. 
 
 He wrote an amusing autobiographical work, containing 
 anecdotes of his contemporaries, which made its appea- 
 rance some years since in an octavo volume.* 
 
 He resided many years in a capital messuage called 
 Newby, near the church, which he surrendered to Charles 
 Gould, Esq. 
 
 General Dumouriez resided several years previous to 
 his death at Little Ealing, in the house now occupied by 
 Mrs. Robinson as a Ladies' Boarding School. 
 
 The career of this officer was short, but it must be 
 allowed to have been splendid ; at one critical period he 
 fixed the destinies of France, at another he nearly over- 
 turned the labours of his own genius. He was born at 
 Cambray in 1739 ; his father became his instructor, and 
 was at uncommon pains relative to his education. After 
 serving for some time as a volunteer he procured a com- 
 mission. Soon after this he obtained the rank of captain 
 of horse, but at the peace of 1763, he was dismissed. But 
 in 1768 he was sent to Corsica, and in 1770 he was ordered 
 into Poland. Being of an active and enterprising dispo- 
 sition, he turned his thoughts during the American war, 
 to an invasion of Great Britain, and actually planned a 
 descent on the Isle of. Wight in 1778. On the breaking 
 out of the revolution he joined the patriots, and after a short 
 administration as minister for foreign affairs, at the head 
 of the war department, he was obliged to resign. Dumou- 
 riez was afterwards with the command of the army destined 
 to save his native country. The famous battle of Jemappe 
 was the first decisive victory gained by France ; but his 
 
 * Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes. 
 
LITTLE EALING. 249 
 
 subsequent exploits were less brilliant ; and he ultimately 
 emigrated from France. However, with all his errors, and 
 all his faults, posterity will probably consider Dumouricz 
 as a great, man. 
 
 But all that this able and ambitious man saved in his 
 retreat was merely his life, of which he spent some years 
 afterAvards in Germany, concluding it in this parish in 
 1822. He was a man of pleasing manners and lively con- 
 versation, and was much respected by his neighbours, 
 particularly by His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, 
 who one day introduced him to a farmer in order to induce 
 him to give up his family seat in the parish church to the 
 general; but the farmer refused, by saying that he had 
 not forgotten his former enmity to this country ; in reply 
 to which, His Royal Highness said, that he had freely 
 forgiven him. " You may forgive him," said the farmer, 
 " but for my part I never will, nor shall he ever have my 
 family pew." 
 
 Thomas Pearce, Esq. of Little Ealing, who died in 
 1752,* was the father of the learned Dr. Pearce, after- 
 wards bishop of Rochester, who received the first rudi- 
 ments of his education in a private school at Ealing, where 
 his father resided after he had retired from business. 
 After his father's death, the bishop occasionally inhabited 
 the house, which he inherited from him, and was residing 
 there when he was seized with the illness which occa- 
 sioned his death, anno 1774. He was buried at Bromley. 
 The bishop's children all died young, though his family 
 were remarkable for their longevity, he himself died at 
 the age of 84 ; his father was 85 ; his mother, who died 
 in 1761, was 93; and his brother William Pearce, Esq. 
 who died in 1782, was 90 years of age. 
 
 Dr. John Owen, the most voluminous and the most 
 temperate writer among the dissenters, was for many years 
 an inhabitant of Ealing, where he died, August 24, 1683. 
 He was elected member of parliament for the University 
 of Oxford, though a divine, was made Dean of Christ 
 + See his Epitaph, page 200. 
 
250 
 
 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Church by the independents, and in 1652, was vice-chan- 
 cellor of the University. " While he did undergo that 
 office," says Wood, " instead of being a grave example, he 
 scorned all formality, undervalued his office by going in 
 querpo like a young scholar, with powdered hair, snake 
 bone band strings, with very large tassels, lawn band, a 
 large set of ribbands, pointed at his knees, and Spanish 
 leather boots, with large lawn tops, and his hat mostly 
 cocked."* 
 
 Ealing Dean is now divided into 147 allotments of 
 land let out to poor persons, at rents producing an annual 
 average of thirty-five pounds, which money has hitherto 
 been expended in repairing the various alms-houses in 
 the parish. 
 
 Tokens. — On the 14th of May, 1613, King James's 
 royal farthing tokens commenced by pro- 
 clamation, they were not forced upon 
 the people in the light of farthings, or 
 established coin, but merely as pledges 
 or tokens, for which the government were 
 obliged to give other coin if required. 
 
 In the reign of Elizabeth, there being 
 no state farthings, it appears that no less 
 than three thousand tradesmen, and others 
 coined tokens, upon returning which to 
 the issuer, current coin of the value was 
 given. — In Great Ealing, James Lewis, 
 his halfpenny. L. J. A. 1666. 
 
 The Manor of Gunnersbury, called in the old 
 records Gonyldesberry, or Gunyldesbury, is held under the 
 bishop of London. It is not improbable that it was the 
 residence of Gunyld, or Gunilda, niece to King Canute, 
 who was banished from England in the year 1044. This 
 manor, in the reign of Edward the Third, was held for 
 
 Athcn. Oxoii. vol. ii. 
 
MANOR OF GUNNERSBURY. 251 
 
 life by John Bray, under a grant of John Chepham,* who 
 in 1365, (38th Edward the Third,) gave the reversion to 
 Geoffry Schrop, and his heirs. In the forty-seventh year 
 of the same king's reign, William Gresle, clerk, and 
 others, granted the manor of Gonyldsberry, which had 
 formerly belonged to John de Northwych, goldsmith, of 
 London, to John Bernes, and others, as trustees, perhaps, 
 for the celebrated Alice Perrers, or Peirce, whose property 
 it appears to have been at the time of her banishment, 
 when it was seized by the crown. In the year 1378, a 
 survey was taken by order of the crown, when the jury 
 returned the following account of the state of this manor, 
 viz :f — " The jury say that the aforesaid Alice holdeth the 
 manor of Gonyldesberg, with the appurtenances, in the 
 parish of Yellyne, in the county of Middlesex, of the 
 aforesaid bishop of London, in his court of Fulham afore- 
 said, by fealty and suit of court as above, and the service 
 of thirty-six shillings and eight-pence to be rendered at 
 the four principal and usual terms of the year. They 
 also say, that there is there a certain site of the aforesaid 
 manor, with closes, and other buildings, and that it is 
 worth nothing beyond reprises ; also, there is there one 
 dove-house in ruins which is worth nothing beyond 
 
 reprises, because they likewise say, that there are 
 
 there 140 acres of arable land, and they are worth by the 
 year by a reasonable extent, forty-six shillings and eight- 
 pence, that is to say, four-pence the acre, whereof are 
 
 sown with corn, thirty acres the vestura sixty-two 
 
 shillings, that is to say, two shillings per acre and not 
 more ; because many acres thereof are overflown, and arc 
 
 * Jo fil de Cepham et Eliz. uxor ejus cone Galfrid Sclirop et hsered sui 
 manor de Gonnesbury post mort Jo. Bray qui illud tenet ad vitam suam. — 
 Abstract of Close Rolls, 38 Ed. III. 
 
 W. de Gresle cliens et alii cone Jo. Bernes civis Loud. M. D. Gonyldbury 
 et Palynswyck in Com. Mid. — Ibid, 47 Edw. III. 
 
 Dame Margaret, Lady Sussex, sister to the Earl of Derby, died March 18, 
 28 Hen. VIII. at Gunnersbury, and is buried in the parish church, a mile from 
 the manor. — Fun. Certificate, Herald 's College. 
 
 f Rot. Olaus. 47 Edw. III. m. 38. dors. — See Faulkner's Hist, of Hammer- 
 smith, p. 371. 
 
252 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 sown with wheat and rye. . . .the crop thereof forty-three 
 shillings and six-pence, that is to say, eighteen-pence per 
 acre, and not more, because they had been sown in rainy 
 weather. They also say, that there are there four score 
 acres of pasture, and they are worth thirteen shil- 
 lings and four-pence, that is to say, two-pence per acre. 
 Also, four acres of meadow, and they are worth yearly 
 six shillings, that is, eighteen-pence the acre. Also, four 
 acres of wood, and they are worth nothing, because they 
 were cut during the last year, .with cattle. They also say, 
 that there are at Braynford one messuage, and two acres 
 of land, and they are worth yearly by reasonable extent 
 beyond reprises, three shillings and four-pence. Also, 
 at the foresaid manor of Gonyldesberg, seven shillings of 
 rents of assises from divers tenants, at the four terms of 
 the year.* 
 
 She afterwards procured a remission of her sentence, 
 and married Sir William Wyndesor, to whom this manor 
 was granted, with other property, which she had enjoyed 
 before her attainder. In the next century it belonged 
 to Sir Thomas Fro wick, alderman of London, who 
 died in 1485, and was buried at Ealing. His second 
 
 * Item dicunt quod prsedicta Alicia tenet manerium de'Gunnyldesberg cum 
 pertinentiis in parochia de Yellynue in comitatu . . . . de praedicto episcopo 
 London' curiae suae de Fulliam praedicta per fidelitatem et sectam curiae ut 
 supra et per servitium xxxvjs, viijd. reddendorum ad quatuor termiuos anni 
 principales et usuales. Item dicunt quod est ibidem quidam scitus — praedicti 
 manerii cum clausis et aliis edificiis et nihil valet ultra reprisas. Item est 
 ibidem unum columbare ruinosum et nibil valet ultra reprisas quia. . . .Simi- 
 liter dicunt quod sunt ibidem cxl. acrse terras arrabilis et valent per aimuni per 
 extentam rationabilem xlvj*- viijd videlicet acra iiijd. de quibus seminantur 
 
 cum frumento xxx vestura lxijs. videlicet acra ij 3 - et non plus quia plu- 
 
 rimae acrae inde emerguntur per cretevam aquae. Et seminantur hide cum 
 siligine et mistel .... vestura inde xliijs vjd. videlicet acrae xviijd. et non 
 plus quia tempore pluvioso seminatae fuerunt. Item dicunt quod sunt ibidem 
 quatuor viginti acras pasturae et valent .... xiijs iiij d - videlicet acra ijd 
 Item iiij. acrae prati et valent per annum vj s videlicet acra xviijd- Item 
 iiij. acrae bosci et nibil valent quia prostratae fuerunt penultimo . . . . cum 
 bestiis. Item dicunt quod sunt apud Braynford' unum messuagium et ij acrse 
 terras ct valent per annum per rationabilem extentam ultra reprisas iij«- iiijd. 
 Item. . . .ad praedictum manerium de Guunyldesberg xxvij s < de rcddita assisa? 
 de diversis tenentibus per annum ad quatuor tcrminos. 
 
MANOR OF GTJNNERSBt'RY. 253 
 
 son,* Sir Thomas Frowick (born at> Gunnersbury), was a 
 very eminent lawyer, and became Lord Chief Justice of 
 the Common Pleas. He settled at Finchley. His elder 
 brother, Sir Henry, inherited Gunnersbury, which appears 
 to have descended to his daughter and co-heir Elizabeth, 
 who married Sir John Spelman, one of the Judges of the 
 King's Bench, grandfather of Sir Henry, the celebrated 
 antiquary, and ancestor of Sir Clement Spelman, who 
 died siezed of the manor of Gunnersbury, in 1607. 
 
 It appears that during this time it was chiefly in the 
 occupation of tenants. Margaret, sister of William, Earl 
 of Derby, and wife of Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, 
 died at Gunnersbury, in 1537, and was buried in the 
 parish church of Ealing. In Norden's time, Gunnersbury 
 was " well scytuate," as he describes it, " for wood, ayre, 
 and water," was inhabited by the Corbets, to whom indeed 
 he seems to have supposed it belonged. It was afterwards 
 the property of the celebrated Sergc?ait Maynard. 
 
 The history of this eminent lawyer is perhaps as singular 
 and eventful as any recorded in the annals of his pro- 
 fession. He conducted the evidence against the Earl of 
 Strafford, and Archbishop Laud ; sat as one of the lay 
 members of the assembly of divines ; was called to the 
 degree of sergeant during the protectorate of Oliver Crom- 
 well ; and was protector's sergeant both to him and his 
 successor. After the Restoration he was Knighted, and 
 made King's sergeant, which situation he enjoyed also 
 under James II. In 1680 he was appointed to manage 
 the evidence against William Viscount Strafford. King 
 
 * Sir Tliomas Frowick, Kniglit, was born at Ealing, son of Thomas 
 Frowick, Esq. by bis wife, who was daughter and heir to Sir J. Sturgeon, 
 Knight, giving his arms az. three sturgeons, or, under a fret gules. Bred 
 in the study of our municipal law, wherein he attained such eminency, 
 that he was made Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas on the 29th of 
 September, in the 18th year of King Henry II. Four years he set in this 
 place, accounted the oracle of the law in his age, though one of the youngest 
 men that ever enjoyed that office. He is reported to have died (floridajuven- 
 tute), before full forty years old, and lieth buried with Joan, his wife, in the 
 church of Finchley. He left a large estate to his two daughters, the eldest of 
 whom was married to Sir J. Spencer. — Fuller's Worthies, Middx. p. 187. 
 
£54 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 William, not many months before his death, appointed 
 him one of the lords commissioners of the great seal.* He 
 arrived at the advanced age of 87, and had been a practi- 
 tioner at the bar for more than sixty years. Sergeant 
 Maynard was esteemed a very able advocate ; and has been 
 called the best old book lawyer of his time. All parties 
 seem to have been willing to employ him, and he seems 
 to have been equally willing to be employed by all. He 
 published some reports, held in considerable esteem, and 
 several political tracts. Sergeant Maynard was thrice 
 married. Elizabeth, his first wife, was buried at Ealing, 
 in 1654-5 ; Jane, his second wife (daughter of Cheyney 
 Selhurst, Esq.) was buried here in 1668. His last wife 
 survived him many years, and died in 1721. The baptisms 
 and burials of Sir John Maynard's family are to be found 
 in the parish register. f 
 
 After the death of Sir John, Maynard this house was 
 for many years in the possession of his widow, who mar- 
 ried Henry, Earl of Suffolk. The earl died at Gunners- 
 bury, in 1709, his eldest son, who succeeded him in the 
 title, died there in 1718,^ and the countess dowager, in 
 1721. Gunnersbury then became the property of Sir John 
 Hobart, who married Elizabeth, one of the nieces of Ser- 
 geant Maynard, and was sold by him about the year 1740, 
 (being then Lord Hobart,) to Henry Turner, Esq. who 
 died in 1756. In 1761, Gunnersbury was purchased of 
 his representatives for the late Princess Amelia, aunt of 
 his late Majesty King George the Third, after whose 
 death, pursuant to the directions in her will, it was put 
 up for sale, and purchased anno 1788, by Colonel Iron- 
 side, who sold it again in 1792, to Sir Walter Sterling, 
 Bart., and Henry Crauford, Esq. 
 
 * His bon mot in reply to an observation addressed to bim by William III. 
 though well known, may be mentioned as expressive of bis cbaracter and 
 sentiments. That Prince, in allusion to Sergeant Maynard's great, age, having 
 remarked that be must have outlived almost all the lawyers of bis time, 
 " Yes," replied Sir John, " and if your Highness had not come over to our 
 assistance, I should have outlived — the law too." 
 
 t Biog. Britun, * Collins's Peerage, vol ii t > L73 
 
MANOR OF GTTNNERSBURY. 255 
 
 Mr. Morley, a floor cloth manufacturer, purchased the 
 premises of the latter on speculation, in the year 1800 or 
 1801, and pulled down the fine mansion which had been 
 built in 1663, for Sergeant Maynard, by Webbe, a pupil 
 of Inigo Jones, and had been for many years the summer 
 residence of the Princess Amelia. The house was sold piece 
 meal, and the land, containing seventy-six acres, was pur- 
 chased by the late Alexander Copeland, Esq. who built a 
 handsome house for his own residence on part of the site. 
 But, before describing the present edifice it may be proper 
 to notice the following account of the late capital mansion. 
 
 " Gunnersbury House is situated between the two great 
 roads, and stands on an eminence, the ground falling gra- 
 dually from it to the Brentford road, so that from the 
 portico in the back front of the house, you have a fine 
 prospect of the county of Surrey, the river Thames, and 
 the borders for some miles, and also in clear weather a 
 good view of London. 
 
 " This house was built by Mr. Webbe, who was son-in- 
 law to Inigo Jones. 
 
 " The apartments arc extremely convenient and well 
 contrived. The hall is very large, with rows of columns 
 on each side. From hence you ascend by a noble flight of 
 stairs to a saloon, which is a double cube of twenty-five 
 feet. From this room is the entry to the portico on the 
 back front of the house which is supported by columns. It 
 fronts the south-cast, and the sun shines on it no longer 
 than two o'clock ; but extending its beams over the coun- 
 try which opens to the view, renders the prospect very 
 delightful."* 
 
 The following description appeared in the public papers 
 immediately previous to the sale by auction of the mansion 
 and premises in 1787. 
 
 " This magnificent edifice was constructed on a noble 
 principle, replete with every convenience. In the prin- 
 cipal story, a superb saloon occupied the centre, with an 
 enriched dome, carved mouldings, embellished with gold, 
 the chimney pieces were composed of various marbles, with 
 
 * Tour through Great Britain, vol. ii. p. 102. Loncl 1753. 
 
%56 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 terms and busts, and the floor with polished oak. From 
 the saloon there was immediate access to a grand colon- 
 nade, which occupied the grand south front. The grand 
 staircase was of mahogany with gilt balustrades. The 
 south or principal front contained a grand terrace walk, 
 and a large sheet of water, and bounded on each side 
 by noble pavilions." 
 
 The present edifice which now adorns these premises 
 is a handsome specimen of the Tuscan order. 
 
 The south front is 126 feet long, and consists of a centre 
 and wings ; the former is three stories high, and the latter 
 two stories. 
 
 The north front is of the same dimensions, but of more 
 simple construction ; it is ornamented with a grand portico 
 with four columns of the Tuscan order ; the whole front 
 consisting of three stories. 
 
 The east end is 60 feet wide, and is divided into two 
 large and splendid bow windows, and is used as a con- 
 servatory. 
 
 The terrace at the front of the house is bordered by a 
 dwarf wall and stone coping, and ornamented with vases. 
 At the east end of this terrace is an alcove, in which is 
 placed a statue of Apollo. 
 
 The west end is bounded by an architectural archway, 
 leading to the gardens. 
 
 On the west is a handsome temple of the Tuscan order, 
 supported by two pilasters and two columns. On the 
 tympanum of the pediment is a shield with foliage- The 
 interior is chastely arranged, and beautifully furnished, 
 with Chinese vases, antique chairs, &c. and the walls 
 are ornamented with bas reliefs, representing the most 
 striking scenes taken from the history of Greece. 
 
 From the south front of this temple is obtained an ex- 
 tensive view of the surrounding country, including Kew 
 Gardens, and the Surrey hills in the distance. This spot 
 is the most elevated part of the grounds, as well as the 
 most beautiful ; and is further ornamented with a circular 
 piece of water, consisting of about two acres. This part 
 of the gardens shows evident marks of the hands of Kent, 
 
MANOR OF GUXNERSBURY. %bi 
 
 who was employed by Mr. Turner, for the purpose of 
 embellishing the grounds and improving the landscape. 
 A row of cedar trees here raise their majestic heads, and 
 are greatly admired. 
 
 The Italian garden, at the back of the temple, is em- 
 bellished with eight figures in sand-stone, of Burns' " Jolly 
 Beggars," admirably executed by Thorns ; they were 
 brought from Scotland to London, for the purpose of exhi- 
 bition, but the speculation proving a failure, they were 
 put up for sale, and purchased by the present owner, 
 for two hundred pounds. They are of the size of life, 
 arranged on the grass, and exposed to the weather. 
 
 The orangery, situated on the south-west of the mansion, 
 is a chaste and elegant building, sixty feet long, with a 
 projecting circular front and nine large windows, em- 
 bellished with large Chinese vases. The orange trees are 
 in fine condition, and of large growth. 
 
 After the death of Mr. Copeland, this estate was pur- 
 chashed by the Baron de Rothschild, and it is row the 
 residence of his widow, the Baroness de Rothschild, and 
 her family. 
 
 The remaining portion of the park was purchased by 
 Stephen Cosser, Esq. and after his death was sold, in 1807, 
 to Major Alexander Morrison, who occupied it till his 
 death in 1807. This distinguished officer entered the 
 East India Company's service in 1780, and he retired 
 Feb. 1, 1809.* In i833 the property was purchased of 
 his widow, now the Dowager Countess of Carnwath, by 
 Thomas Farmer, Esq. its present proprietor. . 
 
 The house, as it now stands, was built by Major Mori- 
 son : it is in the cottage stvle. The chief beauties of 
 Gunnersbury are its fine forest trees, and the uninterrupted 
 supply of water to the lake, fountain, &c. from a spring 
 which rises in the premises. 
 
 An interesting object is a stone archway, which was 
 an ornament to the gardens when the Princess Amelia 
 resided at Gunnersbury. 
 
 * See his Epitaph in Ealing Church, p. 19o, 
 
 S 
 
258 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Different tenures according to the public announcements 
 in 1787, viz. — 
 
 A. R. P. 
 
 Freehold — Houses, Offices, Yards, and 
 
 part of Gardens and Paddock 54 3 2-") 
 
 Potter's Field 5 
 
 Twenty Acres 17 31 
 
 Pond Mead, including Pond 7 3 30 
 
 Long Hay Bush 11 1 4 
 
 91 1 l(i 
 
 Leasehold — Gravel Field 4 2 17 
 
 A Field lying next Brentford Field .... 4 3 14 
 
 The Four Acres 4 1 21 
 
 The Nine Acres 9 19 
 
 The Eight Acres 9 3 38 
 
 32 3 29 
 
 Total Acre9 129 1 a 
 
 The above leasehold part, containing thirty two acres, 
 three roods, and twenty-nine perches, are now laid out into 
 the paddock and gardens, and are held by lease from the 
 representatives of Richard Long, Esq. for a term of 14 
 years, from Michaelmas, 1784, renewable every 14 years, 
 for the space of 99 years, to be computed from Michaelmas, 
 1744, on paying a certain fine of £75, and a yearly rent 
 of £57. lis. clear from land-tax and all other taxes. 
 
 A quit rent of £2. Ss. a-year, is payable to the Bishop of 
 London and his successors, out of some part of the freehold 
 land. 
 
 The ancient Manor House is a substantial building 
 standing at the southern extremity of Bollar Brook Lane. 
 
 The parish Alms-houses, situated on the Uxbridge-road, 
 facing the Railway Station, were built in the year 1783. 
 
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF KENT. £59 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Ealing, north of the Uxbridge Road — Castlebar Hill — His Royal Highness 
 the Duke of Kent — Manor of Pitt's Hanger — Thomas Edwards, Esq. — 
 Fordhook — Henry Fielding, Esq. — Hanger Hill — Hanger Lane — Charles 
 Dibdin — The Great Western Railway — The Grand Junction Water Works 
 Company's Engine Houses and Works, erecting in 1845. 
 
 On Castlebar Hill, distant from the village of Ealing 
 nearly one mile, was the seat termed Castle-hill Lodge, 
 belonging to His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent. 
 This was for some time the property and residence of the 
 late Henry Beaufoy, Esq. and was afterwards occupied by 
 Mrs. Fitzherbert. 
 
 Considerable improvements were effected by the Duke 
 of Kent, and the house, though not of the first class of 
 noble mansions, was sufficiently capacious for the accom- 
 modation of a large establishment. The building was of 
 rather low, but pleasing proportions. The chief front 
 stood towards the north, and had in the centre a portico, 
 with four Ionic columns, surmounted by a triangular 
 pediment, the tympanum being vacant. The hill on which 
 the structure was placed descends from the front with a 
 gentle sweep, and a prospect of some extent is obtained 
 over a tract of country which is of an agreeable, though 
 not of an eminently picturesque character. 
 
 The grounds comprise between thirty and forty acres, 
 and are attractive from inequality of surface, but are 
 deficient in wood and water. 
 
 The Duke of Kent finally quitted these delighful pre- 
 mises in 1812, and they remained in a neglected state for 
 upwards of two years, when they were sold piecemeal by 
 auction, and on the site a new mansion has been erected, 
 which is now occupied by Captain Weatherall, the son of 
 the late general."* 
 
 * See his Epitaph, p. 202. 
 
 s2 
 
260 HISTORY OF EALING 
 
 Edward Augustus, the fourth son of his late Majesty 
 George the Third, was born November 2, 1767. Until 
 the age of seventeen, he remained in his native country, 
 and his education was commenced under able instructors. 
 
 But it being determined to give him a military educa- 
 tion, Germany was selected for that purpose. Accordingly 
 at an early period of his life His Royal Highness was 
 sent to Lunenburg, a portion of the Hanoverian domi- 
 nions. Hence he was removed to Hanover, the capital, 
 and lodged in one of the palaces. Here he was compli- 
 mented with the rank of colonel in the guards in 1786. 
 
 Here he got acquainted with many young English 
 noblemen of the same age as himself, and spent his time 
 very agreeably. 
 
 At length, when His Royal Highness had reached his 
 twenty-third year, he was recalled to England, where, 
 during the course of the former spring, he had attained 
 the rank of colonel of the 70th foot. As Prince Edward 
 had now reached a mature age, he of course expected a 
 dukedom, and an establishment suitable to his rank in 
 life. He also longed to remain in the bosom of his 
 family, but at the end of ten days he was suddenly ordered 
 to Gibraltar, and he immediately proceeded thither. 
 
 There he rejoined his regiment, and in the summer of 
 1791, sailed along with it to Quebec, but instead of being 
 subjected to the rigour of a Canadian winter, he was 
 devoted to experience the sickly heats of the torrid zone, 
 for he was soon after ordered to join the troops under the 
 command of General Sir Charles Grey, destined for the 
 conquest of the French West India islands. This expe- 
 dition proved completely fortunate, and His Royal High- 
 ness there for the first time, drew his sword against the 
 enemies of his country. 
 
 Soon after his arrival at the place of his destination, 
 his Royal Highness displayed his gallantry at the attack 
 of Fort Royal, in Martinique, which out of compliment to 
 him, was afterwards named Fort Edward, and by his sub- 
 sequent bravery and good conduct, he obtained the praise 
 and approbation of the Commander-in-Chief. Upon 
 
HIS KOYAL HIGHXESS THE DVKE OF KENT. 261 
 
 was 
 
 His Royal Highness's return to North America, he 
 rewarded with the government of Nova Scotia, and with 
 the rank of lieutenant-general ; but in consequence of the 
 fall of his horse under him, it was deemed necessary that 
 he should return to England: he was called to the 
 House of Lords in 1799, by a patent creating him Duke 
 of Kent, and also Earl of Dublin. 
 
 In the course of a few weeks more he was appointed 
 Commander-in-Chief of all the forces in British America, 
 whither he immediately proceeded, and as the climate 
 agreed with his health he wished to remain there. Here 
 the conduct of the new Commander-in-Chief was such as to 
 produce universal satisfaction. The people were pleased 
 with his dignified, but easy manners, his uniform polite- 
 ness, and kind and unremitting attention to all, while the 
 assembly testified its entire approbation by the vote of five 
 hundred guineas for the purchase of a diamond star. 
 
 In consequence of a severe bilious attack, the Duke of 
 Kent solicited and obtained leave to return to England, 
 and he accordingly arrived here in 1800. A few days 
 after this, he was nominated Colonel of the Royal Scots. 
 
 Early in 1803, he obtained the government of Gibraltar, 
 and proceeded thither in the spring. This proved the 
 most inauspicious period in the life of His Royal High- 
 ness, who being now possessed of the supreme command, 
 determined to introduce all the rigour of the German 
 tactics. But it was found utterly impossible for any body 
 of men, particularly of soldiers, to imitate the abstemi- 
 ousness, the regularity, and the austere habits of the new 
 government. It is lamentable to relate that these new 
 regulations were not attended with the salutary effects that 
 might have been expected. On the contrary, a mutiny 
 took place, December 24, 1803, in which it was said the 
 governor's life was actually aimed at. The Duke of Kent 
 was soon after recalled, and in 1805 received the baton of 
 Field Marshal. From this moment he remained unem- 
 ployed, and all his efforts to obtain a restoration to his 
 government, or to obtain any command in the army, 
 proved unavailing. But although the Duke of Kent was 
 
HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 now deprived of the exercise, not only of his official 
 situation as governor of Gibraltar, but also of his profes- 
 sional services, he did not relapse into indolence, or 
 remain a useless member of society. On the contrary, 
 although he declined all parliamentary intervention out 
 of deference to others, yet he opened a noble career, by 
 aiding, supporting, and patronizing most of the public 
 charitable institutions of his native country. 
 
 To some he gave his advice and assistance ; to others not- 
 withstanding the state of his pecuniary affairs, he became 
 a liberal subscriber ; to almost all he acted as chairman, 
 and conducted himself with such great propriety, while 
 he evinced such glowing eloquence on every occasion, 
 that those institutions derived great benefit from his coun- 
 tenance and protection.* 
 
 If the best estimate of a governor is to be deduced from 
 the voluntary good opinion, and disinterested gratitude of 
 the governed, it must be owned, that no public character 
 ever challenged a higher claim to respect, than that of the 
 Duke of Kent. After his return to England, the inha- 
 bitants, including the civil officers of the garrison of 
 Gibraltar, transmitted a thousand guineas for the purchase 
 of a piece of plate, and a diamond garter, to His Royal 
 Highness. 
 
 Regular, methodical, he could be accused of no vice ; 
 active, vigilant, intrepid, he could be suspected of no 
 dereliction of duty. 
 
 Anxious for the improvement of the minds and morals 
 of those subjected to his command, this distinguished 
 officer was the first to exhibit a laudable example to the 
 army, by the introduction of regimental schools, while, in 
 imitation of his Royal Father, he had ever been eager to 
 diffuse the blessings of education throughout all ranks of 
 civil society. 
 
 Highly gifted by nature both for business and debate, 
 the Duke of Kent had hitherto been prevented alone by a 
 nice sense of delicacy from exhibiting great oratorical 
 
 * Philippart's Royal Milit. Calendar, vol. i. p. 84. 
 
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DIKE OF KENT. 2()o 
 
 powers in his parliamentary capacity, and had therefore 
 confined his eloquence to the advocacy of the cause of 
 humanity, and the promotion of those great public charities, 
 in which England stands so proudly pre-eminent above 
 all contemporary and contiguous nations. 
 
 His Royal Highness was tall in stature, of a manly and 
 noble presence; his manners elegant, affable, condes- 
 cending, dignified, and engaging; his conversation ani- 
 mated; his information varied and copious ; his memory 
 exact and retentive ; his intellectual powers quick, strong, 
 and masculine ; and he resembled the King in many of 
 his tastes and propensities. His Royal Highness was an 
 early riser ; a close economist of his time ; temperate in 
 eating ; indifferent to wine, though a lover of society ; 
 and heedless of slight indisposition, from confidence in 
 the general strength of his constitution ; a kind master ; 
 a punctual and courteous correspondent ; a steady friend ; 
 and an affectionate brother. The latter years of the Duke 
 of Kent were distinguished by the exercise of talents and 
 virtues in the highest degree worthy of a benevolent 
 Prince and of an enlightened English gentleman. There 
 was no want nor misery which he did not endeavour to 
 relieve to the extreme limits of his fortune. There was 
 no public charity to which his time, his presence, his 
 eloquence, were not willingly devoted, nor to the ends of 
 which they did not powerfully conduce. The traces of 
 his intercourse with the inhabitants of the metropolis, on 
 occasions of a salutary tendency to the morals and happi- 
 ness of his poorer fellow creatures, will never be effaced 
 from the grateful hearts of those who heard and saw him. 
 In conversation his Royal Highness particularly excelled ; 
 and he was perhaps one of the most correct and elegant 
 speakers of his time ; and his memory was so retentive as 
 never to forget a face he had once seen, or a circumstance 
 he had heard that deserved to be remembered. His 
 Royal Highness was married on the 29th of May, 1818, 
 at Coburg, and re-married at Kew Palace, on the 11th of 
 July, in the same year, to her serene Highness Victoria 
 
264 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Maria Louisa, youngest daughter of the late reigning 
 Duke of Saxe Coburg, widow of his late serene Highness 
 the Prince of Liningcn, and sister of his Majesty the 
 King of the Belgians. 
 
 The issue of this marriage has been her most 
 
 .-> 
 
 gracious 
 
 Majesty Queen Victoria. 
 
 There are several handsome villas on this hill, in one of 
 which resided for some time the gallant defender of Gib- 
 raltar, General Elliot, afterwards Lord Heathfield, and 
 where his son, the present Lord Heathfield was born. 
 
 Manor of Pitt's-H anger. — Sir Arthur Ayte, who 
 died in 1605, was siezed of a manor, or manor farm, in 
 the parish of Ealing, called Pitt's Hanger, containing 
 143 acres. 
 
 In 1690 this manor was the property of Margaret Ed- 
 wards, widow ; from her it descended to Thomas Edwards, 
 Esq. the ingenious author of the Canons of Criticism, who 
 it is probable was her grandson. Mr. Edwards spent some 
 of the early part of his life at Pitt's-Hanger, but afterwards 
 removed to an estate which he had purchased in Bucking- 
 hamshire. After his death, which happened in 1757, 
 Pitt's-Hanger was sold by his nephews, Joseph Paice and 
 Nathaniel Mason, Esq., to King Gould, Esq. whose son, 
 the late Sir Charles Morgan, Bart, alienated it to Thomas 
 Gurnell, Esq. 
 
 Mrs. Peyton, some time the wife of Jonathan Gurnell, 
 Esq. and then relict of the late Admiral Peyton, was the 
 late proprietor. Mr. Meacock is the present occupier. 
 
 Thomas Edwards, a critic and poet, born in 1699, was 
 the son of a gentleman of London, in the profession of 
 the law. After receiving a good classical education, he 
 was entered of Lincoln's Inn, and in due time was called 
 to the bar ; but like many others, he occupied himself 
 more with the belles lettres, than with Coke upon Littleton. 
 
 ► See Faulkner's Hist, of Kensington . p. 558, 
 
MANOR OF PITT'S HANGER. 265 
 
 Having paid a particular attention to Shakspeare, on the 
 appearance of Warburton's edition of that dramatist, 
 in 1744, he published " A Letter to the Author of a 
 late Epistolary Dedication, addressed to Mr. Warburton." 
 This was followed, in 1747, by " A Supplement to 
 Mr. Warburton's Edition of Shakspeare," a work which 
 passed through several editions, and subsequently became 
 famous under the title of " Canons of Criticism," the idea 
 of which was derived from a hint given by Warburton, 
 that he intended to construct a body of canons for literary 
 criticism. Edwards took up this design, and framed a 
 burlesque set of canons, which he illustrated from War- 
 burton's notes on Shakspeare, wherein that celebrated 
 personage appears to very singular disadvantage. " An 
 Essay towards a Glossary," another of Warburton's abor- 
 tive designs, also furnished his ironical opponent with 
 great scope for his humourous acuteness. The critic 
 attacked was not of a temper to be thus assailed with 
 impunity, and took the opportunity of a new edition of 
 Pope's Dunciad, to introduce Edwards by name, with his 
 usual coarseness of invective — 
 
 Her children first of more distinguished sort, 
 Who study Shakspeare at the inns of court, 
 Impale a glow worm, or virtu profess, 
 Shine in the dignity of F.R.S. — Dunciad, iv. 570. 
 
 The latter, however, received compensation in an ode 
 addressed to him, by Akenside, who reflected upon War- 
 burton in turn, and thus the affair ended. As a poet, 
 Mr. Edwards chiefly distinguished himself by an attempt 
 to revive the sonnet, and composed several which are 
 more creditable to the justness of his sentiments, than to 
 his powers of imagination. 
 
 He was a skilful critic in the English language ; and 
 the seventh edition of the " Canons," besides the sonnets, 
 contains an " account of the letter Y," in which he 
 discusses the principles of English orthography. He 
 passed his life in the ease of competence and literary 
 leisure, chiefly in London and Ealing, until he purchased 
 
266 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 an estate in Buckinghamshire, in 1739, which from that 
 time became the place of his residence. He died,* un- 
 married, in 1757, whilst on a visit to Mr. Richardson, 
 at Parson's Green.f In 1761 appeared his posthumous 
 " Tract on Predestination." 
 
 Fordhook. — Henry Fielding, the Cervantes of England, 
 resided occasionally during the last mournful year of his 
 life at Fordhook, situated on the Uxbridge road, at the 
 distance of about a mile from the village of Acton, at the 
 eastern extremity of Ealing. Fielding, whose pen had 
 been the source of so much heartfelt mirth, was now 
 oppressed by a complication of disorders which threw a 
 cloud over his fancy, and would have subjugated the whole 
 powers of a mind less vivacious and elastic. As a last 
 and forlorn hope, he was advised to seek the mild climate 
 of Lisbon. He passed the night before the commence- 
 ment of his voyage at his country retirement near Ealing, 
 in the society of his children ; and the feelings of such a 
 man, in so touching an. hour as that of a departure from 
 his family, demand the topographer's attention, while 
 pausing over the spot on which the trial of fortitude 
 occurred. The following are his own words, proceeding 
 warmly from the closest recess of his bosom, as he slowly 
 sailed towards the port whence he was never to return : — 
 Wednesday, June 26, 1754. — " On this day the most 
 melancholy sun I had ever beheld arose, and found me 
 awake at my house at Fordhook ; by the light of this sun, 
 I was in my own opinion last to behold, and take leave 
 of some of those creatures on whom I doated with a mother- 
 like fondness, guided by nature and passion, and uncured 
 and unhardened by all the doctrine of that philosophical 
 school, where I had learnt to bear pains and to despise 
 death. In this situation, as I could not conquor nature 
 I submitted entirely to her ; and she made as great a fool 
 of me as she had ever done of any woman whatsoever, 
 
 * Biog. Brit. Richardson's Corresp. 
 t See Faulkner 'a Hist, of Fulham, p. 380. 
 
FORDHOOK. 
 
 W 
 
 under pretence of giving me leave to enjoy, she drew me 
 in to suffer 3 the company of my little ones during eight 
 hours ; and I doubt not whether, in that time, I did not 
 undergo more than in all my distemper. 
 
 " At twelve precisely my coach was at the door, which 
 was no sooner told me than I kissed my children round, 
 and went into it with some little resolution. My wife, 
 who behaved more like a heroine and philosopher, though 
 at the same time the tenderest mother in the world, and 
 my eldest daughter, followed me ; some friends with us 
 and others here took their leave ; and I heard my be- 
 haviour applauded, with many murmurs and praises to 
 which I well knew I had no title, as all other such philo- 
 sophers may, if they have any modesty, confess on the like 
 occasions."* 
 
 He reached Lisbon in August, 1754, and about two 
 months after expired, his death taking place on the 8th of 
 October following, in the forty-eighth year of his age. 
 He was attended on this melancholy occasion by his 
 second wife, by whom he left four children. 
 
 The merit of Fielding as a novelist is disputed by no 
 school of criticism, in respect to wit, humour, correct 
 delineation of character, and knowledge of the human 
 heart ; and, perhaps, no novel in any language exceeds 
 " Tom Jones" in the exhibition of character and man- 
 ners, and for the consummate skill displayed in the 
 developement of the story, and the management of the 
 catastrophe. " Amelia," with less variety and inven- 
 tion, is, in regard to portraiture of life, almost equally 
 felicitous ; while as to pure raciness of humour, " Joseph 
 Andrews" is often deemed before both. Even " Jona- 
 than Wild," coarse as are the persons and doings 
 described, is irresistible in the way of humourous cari- 
 cature, and we forgive the subject, for the original mode 
 of the handling. In the eyes of foreigners, Fielding ranks 
 far below Richardson, which is not wonderful, for while no 
 one more largely deals in the general elements of human 
 
 * Journal of a voyage to Lisbon, by the late Henry Fielding, Esq. p. 48-55. 
 
268 
 
 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 nature, like Hogarth, he has rendered all his personages 
 so unmixedly English, that they are scarcely to be recog- 
 nized in any other dress. 
 
 The great impulse given by popular encouragement to 
 Works of fiction of a kindred class to these celebrated 
 novels, has certainly led to many imposing and splendid 
 productions of late years, but it may be doubted if, in 
 reference to verisimilitude and real nature as modified by 
 the habits and institutions of modern society, Fielding 
 does not yet stand at the head of the English school of 
 genuine comic romance.* 
 
 Fordhook, which is said to have been the seat of 
 Alexander Denton, Justice of the Common Pleas, is now 
 the residence of G. Tyrrell, Esq. 
 
 Charles Dibden wrote many of his best songs at his 
 house in Hanger Lane, now occupied by Sir Francis Sykes. 
 
 He was the son of a silversmith, at Southampton, and 
 was born there about the year 1745. The strong passion 
 which he felt for music induced him at a very early age 
 to give up all thoughts of the church, for which profession 
 his father had intended him, with which view he had 
 placed him at Winchester school, upon the foundation. 
 When about the age of fourteen he became a candidate 
 for the situation of organist in a Hampshire village, but 
 his youth proving a fatal objection to his success, he 
 accepted the pressing invitation of an elder brother, a 
 captain of a vessel in the West India trade, to come to 
 London. Here he occupied his time in composing a few 
 ballads, which brought him more credit than profit, and 
 in tuning piano fortes, till 1762, when he made his first 
 appearance on the boards of the Richmond Theatre, and 
 two years afterwards on the London stage, as Ralph, in the 
 Opera of " The Maid of the Mill." The principal part 
 of the music to iS Lionel and Clarissa," and the whole of 
 that to the musical entertainment of the " The Padlock," 
 written by him shortly afterwards, established his fame as 
 a dramatic composer, which he subsequently increased 
 
 * Biog. Britan. 
 
FORDHOOK. 269 
 
 by the production of nearly one hundred musical pieces 
 for the stage, of more or less merit. The most celebrated 
 of these are his " Deserter/' brought out in 1772, " the 
 Waterman," the dialogue of which is also the production 
 of his pen, in 1774, and " The Quaker," in 1775. 
 
 Though devoted to dramatic composition, Dibdin never 
 liked the profession of an actor, and having at length 
 quarrelled with Garrick, and, indeed, with the proprietors 
 of all the principal theatres, as well as having failed in 
 more than one managerial speculation on his own account, 
 he quitted the stage altogether, and made an attempt, 
 which proved singularly successful, to entertain the public 
 by his own unassisted powers, accompanying himself, in 
 his own songs, on the piano forte. The prolific qualities 
 of his genius are ascertained by the prodigious number of 
 songs which he wrote (words and music) for these enter- 
 tainments, and sang at his Saloon, near Leicester-square, 
 to which he gave the title of " Sans Souci." They are 
 said to have exceeded twelve hundred. Of these the 
 majority display much originality and humour ; but, his 
 sea songs in particular, are very felicitously composed, 
 and will, in all probability, continue popular in the 
 navy while Britain has a fleet. " Poor Jack," " Tom 
 Bowling," (the latter is said to have been a real tribute 
 of affection to the memory of his brother,) and others of 
 the same class, must be familiar to the ears of the major 
 part of the community. 
 
 Notwithstanding the popularity of these entertainments, 
 and the large income they produced, aided by. occasional 
 assistance from government, who considered his exertions 
 towards cheering the hearts, and softening the sentiments 
 of the sailor, worthy of reward, the improvidence which 
 seems so frequently to attend the votaries of Thespis, 
 kept Dibdin constantly poor, and he died in very indigent 
 circumstances, in 1814. 
 
 Dr. Kitchener has lately published an edition of the 
 best of his songs.* 
 
 * Bio°\ Diet, of Musicians, vol. i. 
 
270 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 Ealing north of the Uxbridge Road. — This part 
 of the parish has greatly increased of late in houses of a 
 respectable character, and in population, in consequence 
 of its proximity to the Great Western Rail-way Station, 
 which is the first on the road from London. 
 
 The Great Western Rail- way was opened through 
 this parish on June 4, 1838. It is assessed to the Poor 
 Rate at the sum of £2400. a year, amounting upon an 
 average to £360. the rate being about three shillings in 
 the pound. The Church Rate and Highway Rate amount 
 also to about one shilling in the pound. 
 
 Grand Junction Water Works. — The extensive 
 works of the Grand Junction Water Works Company 
 have already been noticed, and we are now enabled to add 
 the following additional particulars of their progress. 
 
 The Grand Junction Water Works Company obtain the 
 water for the supply of the west end of London, from the 
 river Thames, between Kew and Richmond, on the Surrey 
 side of the river. The water at the point of the river 
 whence their supply is drawn is entirely removed at all 
 times, and under all circumstances, from the influence of 
 the London drainage, and was selected upon the evidence 
 of scientific gentlemen, by a committee of the House of 
 Lords, in the year 1835, as being considered remarkably 
 free from impurities ; indeed, for ten months out of the 
 twelve it is particularly bright and pure ; but, as for about 
 two months of the year during floods, or rainy weather, 
 the water has been found not to be so clear as at other 
 times, the company have constructed a depositing reser- 
 voir of about three acres in extent, into which the water is 
 raised by a direct acting expansive engine. Two engines 
 of this character are erected, one of which will serve as 
 auxiliary power, and be available in case of accident. From 
 the reservoir, the water passes on to a filter bed of about 
 two acres in extent, from which it is raised and distributed 
 in the western district of London, and supplied to the 
 
GRAND JUNCTION WATER WORKS. 271 
 
 cisterns of the tenantry without further exposure to the 
 atmosphere. 
 
 The Grand Junction Water Works Company have had 
 for some time three large engines of about one hundred 
 horse power each, upon the non-expansive principle. 
 These engines are about to be altered, and converted into 
 expansive engines, capable of raising the water to two 
 hundred and ten feet above Trinity high water mark. 
 
 In addition to these engines, the company have just 
 erected a large expansive engine, and as it is the largest 
 engine ever erected by any Water Works Company, some 
 particulars of its dimensions may be interesting. 
 
 The diameter of the cylinder is ninety inches ; the 
 diameter of the plunger pump is thirty-three inches ; and 
 the length of the stroke is eleven feet in both cases. The 
 power of this engine when working at ten strokes per 
 minute, is equal to two hundred and fifty horses, and will 
 raise four thousand gallons per minute. 
 
 The whole of the water is raised over a stand pipe adja- 
 cent to the engines, the top of which is two hundred and 
 eighteen feet above Trinity high water mark, or two hun- 
 dred and six feet above the surface of the ground. 
 
 By these works the company will be able to raise twenty- 
 five millions of gallons per week, and will have upon their 
 premises auxiliary power so as to insure this quantity 
 being supplied at all times, having six engines of an aggre- 
 gate power equal to six hundred and thirty horses. 
 
 The advantage to the public by the above alterations 
 will be two-fold, for in the first place all the water sup- 
 plied will have been previously purified by filtration ; and 
 secondly, the whole being raised to a height of two hun- 
 dred and ten feet above high water mark, the mains will 
 be constantly charged under high pressure, night and day, 
 throughout the year, as a protection against fire. 
 
 In addition to this, and for the purpose of guarding 
 against the effect of any fracture on the main pipe between 
 the Kew Bridge works and the Metropolis, which, how- 
 ever, the improvements now carrying on will render very 
 improbable, the company have made a reservoir at Camp- 
 
272 HISTORY OF EALING. 
 
 den-hill, capable of holding three days supply, which will 
 enable them to keep their mains always charged, even 
 though the communication between their engines and the 
 district supplied by them should be stopped. 
 
 The new works and machinery, including the large 
 expansive engines, the depositing and filtering reservoirs, 
 &c. have been constructed from the designs, and under 
 the superintendence of Thomas Wicksteed, Esq. the 
 company's consulting engineer. 
 
 From the above short statement of the improved works 
 constructed and constructing by the Grand Junction 
 Water Works Company, it is evident they have had the 
 intention of keeping good faith with the public, having 
 availed themselves at a very great cost, of all the modern 
 improvements in water works, and placed themselves 
 undoubtedly in a situation to offer all that the public can 
 require, viz. : a very abundant supply of pure and limpid 
 water at such a pressure as will enable it to be given to 
 the tops of the highest houses in their district, and afford 
 very effectual protection at all times of day and night, in 
 case of fire. 
 
 The affairs of the company are conducted by a Court 
 of Directors, consisting of ten gentlemen, of which Sir 
 William Clay, Bart. M. P. is the chairman ; Benjamin 
 Edward Hall, Esq. the deputy chairman ; and W. M. Coe, 
 Esq. the secretary. 
 
THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 CHISWICK 
 
175 
 
 THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 CHISWICK. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Name — Situation — Soil — Boundaries — Extent — Roman Road — Water 
 Courses and Bridges — Parliamentary Army at Turnham-Green — Battle of 
 Turnham-Green — Ancient Manors. 
 
 This parish, is not to be found in Domesday Book, 
 but it is mentioned in various ancient records by the 
 name of Ceswyck, Cheswyck, and Cheswick. There 
 is a tradition, that within the last hundred years, 
 a very considerable mart, or fair, for cheese, was annu- 
 ally held in the field called the " Great Downs," nearly 
 opposite the Duke of Devonshire's. If so, we here pos- 
 sess the most probable derivation of the name of the vil- 
 lage, which in all the more ancient writings that I am 
 acquainted with is spelt Chesewick, or Cheswick. 
 
 The village of Chiswick is situated by the river side, 
 at the distance of about five miles from Hy de-Park-Corner ; 
 the parish lies within the hundred of Ussulston, and is 
 bounded on the east by Hammersmith, on the north by 
 Acton, on the west by Ealing and Brentford, and on the 
 south by the Thames. 
 
 This parish contains the hamlets of Stanford Brook, 
 Strand-on-the-Green, Little Sutton, and Turnham-Green. 
 
 t 2 
 
276 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Though neither Chiswick or Sutton occur in the 
 record of Domesday among the possessions of the Church 
 of St. Paul's, I suspect that the manor of Fulham, said to 
 belong to the canons of that cathedral, was no other than 
 that of Chiswick, which together with Sutton, contained 
 five hides, exactly the quantity mentioned in the Survey.* 
 
 The soil varies from a light sand and gravel to a dark 
 and fertile loam, but even in the best land gravel is to be 
 found near the surface. 
 
 About four hundred acres are under grass, about two 
 hundred acres of which are included in parks and pad- 
 docks. About three hundred are occupied in gardening, 
 and about three hundred are arable or corn land, of the 
 latter about twenty acres are occupied in ozier plantations. 
 
 Extinction of the right or Common on the Lam- 
 mas Lands. — In the year 1806, an Act of Parliament was 
 obtained for extinguishing the right of Common over cer- 
 tain Lammas Lands in this parish, belonging to the Duke 
 of Devonshire, known by the following names, and con- 
 taining by admeasurement the under-mentioned quan- 
 tities, viz. : — 
 
 A. R. 
 
 Dickey Mead 9 1 
 
 Two Slips, 8 a. 3 r. and 7 a. 3 r. 16 2 
 The three Thames Meadows 1, 
 
 1, 11 
 
 2, . . . . 4 3 
 
 3, . . . . 3 1 
 
 Corney Meadow 9 
 
 Chiswick Field 14 
 
 Total 67 3 
 
 The Rev. James Trebeck, the then vicar, as owner of 
 the land called " Thames Field," also claimed some part 
 
 * Lysons's Environs, vol. ii. p. 180, 187. 
 
ROMAN ROAD THROUGH TURNI1AM GREEX. 277 
 
 of the Land in " Chiswick Field" for the poor of the 
 parish, who were entitled to rights of common.* 
 
 " The next place which we meet with upon the Thames 
 is the pleasant village of Chiswick, situate about three 
 miles by the Thames side from Fulham, and eight from 
 London, was anciently called Cheswick as it appears in 
 and some very old deeds. The sweet air and situation 
 of this place drew not only a great many considerable 
 families to settle here formerly, but indeed, several illus- 
 trious persons to build seats; nor has it lost its reputation 
 now, but is honoured with the presence of several noble 
 persons. Although we find no mention made of this 
 place in history, yet several very ancient buildings now 
 standing, are an evidence of its antiquity."f 
 
 The Roman road from Regnum or Ringwood, went 
 from Staines through Brentford, which was a manse 
 between it and London, to Turnham-green, thence over 
 Standford-bridge, and into the Acton-road, crossing the 
 Watling-street, at Tyburn. 
 
 Dr. Stukeley after having described the course of this 
 road, £vo\\\ Regnum, now Chichester, to Pontes, now Staines, 
 thus mentions its course through this parish. It passes now 
 between Staines and London, being the common road at 
 present, till you come to Turnham-green, where the pre- 
 sent road through Hammersmith and Kensington leaves it, 
 for it passes more northward upon the common, where to a 
 discerning eye, the trace of it goes over a little brook, 
 called from it Strand-bridge, and comes into the Acton 
 road at a common ; at a bridge a little west of- Camden- 
 house, and so along Hyde -park- wall, and crosses the Wat- 
 ling-street, at Tyburn 
 
 An urn filled with Roman silver coins was dug up at 
 Turnham-green in 1731. I have not heard of any 
 further discovery of Roman coins on this spot : specimens, 
 however, of the British series have been occasionally 
 found. 
 
 * 46th Geo. III. c. 111. .Inly 1800. 
 
 f Bowack's Antiquities of Middlesex, p. 13. Loud. 170o. 
 
278 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 In confirmation of the correctness of the description of this 
 ancient road, it may be mentioned, that the most satisfactory 
 evidence of its existence was discovered in the year 1834, 
 by the workmen employed in making Gold Hawk-road, for 
 npon digging down about ten feet from the surface they came 
 to the old Roman causeway, which was very hard and 
 compact, and consisted of the usual sort of materials 
 employed in the formation of these roads. Among the 
 various articles dug up, were Roman coins, and small 
 square tiles, some of which were preserved ; but, being 
 subsequently mixed with similar matters dug up at the 
 same time in the Tower ditch, they cannot now be parti- 
 cularized.* 
 
 
 Oj*r 
 
 In this parish are the following principal water 
 courses and Bridges, in the highways crossing the same. 
 
 The River Thames. — Passing on the west and south 
 sides of this parish, from the parish of Ealing, at the east 
 
 * See Faulkner's History of Hammersmith, p. 20. 
 
PARLIAMENTARY ARMY AT TURNHAM GREEN. 279 
 
 side of Kew-bridge, to the parish of Fulham, east of 
 Chiswick church, is not crossed by any public road. 
 
 Bollar Brook — Passes through this parish, from the 
 parish of Acton, at the east end of Ealing-common, to the 
 north of the west end of Turnham-green, and through the 
 pleasure grounds of Chiswick-house to the river Thames, 
 south-west of Chiswick-church, and is crossed by the 
 public roads at the following places, viz. at a very small 
 culvert in the Brentford-road, at the west end of Turn- 
 ham-green. 
 
 This culvert being inadequate to the free passage of the 
 waters during floods, Acton-common and the neighbour- 
 ing lands are frequently overflowed. 
 
 Chiswick-House-Bridge, in the road from the village 
 of Chiswick to Strand-on-the-Green. This bridge is of 
 brick, with one arch; it is twenty-five feet wide between 
 the parapets ; the water way under the bridge is ten feet 
 wide, and five feet high to the summit within the arch. 
 
 It was built in the year 1828, by the Duke of Devon- 
 shire, when the road in front of Chiswick-house was 
 diverted by his Grace.* 
 
 The Parliamentary Army at Turnham Green. 
 
 The Earl of Essex, (says Whitelock,) returned to London 
 at the beginning of November, and the parliament voted 
 him £5000. for his conduct in the late battle. On the 12th 
 the king advanced with his army towards Brentford, 
 where after a sharp fight, he defeated Colonel Hollis' 
 regiment, and towards night got possession of the town. 
 Intelligence of the king's progress having reached London, 
 every possible exertion was made by the parliament to 
 assemble a sufficient force to prevent his entrance into the 
 capital ; and therefore, with unspeakable expedition, the 
 army under the Earl of Essex was not only drawn toge- 
 ther, but the trained bands of London led out in their 
 brightest equipage upon the heath, west of Brentford, where 
 
 * Report of Public Bridges in the County of Middlesex, -Ato. Loudon, 1826. 
 
280 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 they had, indeed, a full army of horse and foot fit to have 
 decided the title of a crown with an equal adversary.* 
 
 The Earl drew up his forces upon Turnham-green, the 
 whole army consisting of 24,000 men, stout, gallant 
 proper men, as well habited and armed as were ever seen 
 in any army, and seemed to be in as good a courage to 
 fight the enemy.f The Earl encouraged his men by riding 
 from regiment to regiment, and speaking to each; and 
 when he had spoken to them, the soldiers would throw 
 up their caps and shout, u Hey for old Robin." Both 
 armies continued to face each other the whole day, yet 
 neither seemed emulous to begin the attack. Charles pro- 
 bably was disappointed in the assistance he had expected 
 from his London friends, and Essex was apprehensive that 
 part of his troops would desert their colours should the 
 battle commence. In the evening the King drew off to 
 Kingston, and on the next day the general gave orders 
 for the citizens to go home, which they gladly obeyed. 
 
 The good wives and others, mindful of their husbands 
 and friends, sent many cart loads of provisions and wines, 
 and good things to Turnham-green, with which the sol- 
 diers were refreshed and made merry; and the more 
 when they understood the King and all his army had 
 retreated. £ 
 
 A true relation of the present passages in Middlesex, behceen 
 the forces of the Malignants, and those assembled for the 
 defence of the Kingdom. London, 1642. 
 
 Saturday, 12th of Xovember. 
 
 Prince Rupert, with his desperate route of cavaliers, 
 the vant curryers, or as it were the forlorn hope of these 
 malignant forces, having in vain attempted Windsor castle, 
 came harassing along these countries, performing all acts 
 of hostility upon the good and faithful subjects of Middle- 
 sex, and leaving Harrow-on-the-hill on his right-hand, 
 
 * WMtlock's Mem. p. 52. 
 
 ■+ Clar. Hist, of Reb. vol. ii. p. 75. 
 
 j Maitland's London, p 237. edit. 1739. 
 
CIVIL WARS IN CHISWICK. 281 
 
 he came sweeping like a torrent that bears down all before 
 him, to Acton Ward, and from thence sat down with his 
 forces on a plain called Turnham-Green, some five or six 
 miles distant from this honourable city, where part of the 
 parliamentary forces were billeted in the hamlets there- 
 abouts, with the trained bands, who having notice of his 
 approach, resolved to stop his passage, and give him a 
 bloudy welcome, as he well deserved, into these parts ; 
 drawing therefore into one body, under their several 
 leaders, on Saturday, the twelfth of this present November, 
 they faced him upon the said Turnham-Green. The 
 Prince espying these forces coming marching towards 
 him, with their colours flying, and drums courageously 
 beating, had no great mind to have meddled with them, 
 not looking to have been fought with so soon, at least not 
 intending it till more of the malignant forces were come 
 up to him; but our men having in view those deadly 
 enemies to God and their country, would not expect any 
 longer, but gallantly gave them the charge in the front ; 
 the ordnance thundering their deathful shot upon them. 
 The Prince, as he is cunning enough to save himself, 
 opening his ranks wide, the artillery did not so much 
 execution upon them as was desired. The Prince, also 
 discharging his ordnance upon us, his being the higher 
 side of the plain, they flew up in the air over our quarters, 
 giving by that means license to our soldiers, ere they 
 could again charge them, to come within distance to dis- 
 charge their muskets, which they did with good aim and 
 expedition, tumbling good store of malignants' horsemen 
 on the ground, that strived to force into the squadrons ; 
 and keeping their ground with good discretion and valour, 
 they charged and discharged like excellent firemen on the 
 enemy, who finding himself so terribly galled with this 
 first salutation, had no great mind to be acquainted with 
 any more such greeting, and rather were willing to defend 
 themselves than offend us, till Prince Rupert remon- 
 strating to them the disgrace it was for men of valour and 
 performance to be afraid of boys and roundheads, as he 
 termed our soldiers, he with his own troop, and some 
 
HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 others that he knew best experienced, charged them with 
 a broad front, into our front of foot ; then might you have 
 seen the horses gored to the heart with our stiff sharp- 
 pointed pikes, fall with their riders under them; yet 
 nevertheless, Prince Rupert, charging like a devil rather 
 than a man into our footmen, made them lustily bestir 
 themselves, when two or three troops of our horse came 
 in on the spur to the relief of the foot, and made the 
 Prince's troops stagger, instead of striving to force through 
 our great body any further, they shocked up close to- 
 gether, fighting as it were in a ring, their other troops 
 and foot companies coming up to their rescues, the medley 
 grew very hot and bloody, so that it was reported in the 
 neighbouring villages, as Brentford, Ealing, and Acton, 
 that the clay was like to go against us, and that the Prince 
 had taken our ordnance, when indeed there was no such 
 matter, it being but a rumour raised by lying malignants, 
 to discourage our party, we standing to it like men, re- 
 solved to sacrifice our lives, rather than by cowardly non- 
 chalance of our duties to betray our country; knowing 
 that ere long we should have succour from our brethren 
 in London, which upon the notice of this business came 
 with all speed to us, and joining themselves with our forces, 
 which were well wearied with this two or three hours' 
 skirmish, they took upon them the dealing with Prince 
 Rupert, who in this conflict with us had received double 
 our loss, the red regiments, or red-coats, on our part 
 charging them with all fury possible ; there did those 
 courageous and valiant London apprentices show them- 
 selves to be no boys, as the others in contempt termed 
 them, but resolute and able soldiers, falling on with excel- 
 lent discretion and agility, being mindful of the ancient 
 honour, as well as the present safety, of that noble and 
 renowned city of which they were members. Traversing 
 their ground, and discharging their muskets into the 
 thickest of their adversaries, their pikemen at push 
 with those of the enemy, running those instruments of 
 destruction clean through their bodies, and with their sharp 
 swords making those malignants feel that the London 
 
BATTLE OF TURNHAM GREEX. 283 
 
 prentices were every whit equal to themselves in courage 
 and the exercise of arms. The Prince, who without doubt 
 is rather to be held desperate than truly valiant, nothing 
 moved with the loss of his men, which dropped down in 
 heaps, did lay about him like a fury, and though he was 
 shot at a thousand times by our men, not any of them was 
 to the purpose, encouraging his horsemen, who were the 
 flower of his garland, not to leave him nor the quarrel, 
 so that with his persuasion they stood to him, though to 
 little purpose, loss upon loss seconding their attempts. 
 Yet they made good the field without appearance of rout 
 or flight, even until the darkness of the evening friendly 
 approached to save them from further destruction ; so that 
 fair and softly they retreated from us towards the enclosed 
 grounds on the right side of the Green, where they intended 
 that night to fix their rendezvous, we following them, and 
 giving fire among them, till they were scantly discernablc ; 
 and so as absolute masters of the field we sat down on the 
 Green, resolving, in the morning as soon as it was light, 
 to give them a breakfast of the same viands that they 
 had been so plentifully feasted with at supper, watching 
 them all the night, lest they should give us the slip ere 
 the morning ; all the night there was nothing but drinking, 
 damning, and roaring in their quarters, cursing their des- 
 tiny, and the horsemen laying all the blame upon their 
 footmen, calling them cowards, for that they came up no 
 faster, but said that they were afraid of boys and Round- 
 heads ; we in the meantime, after careful setting our 
 sentinels, and laying at our perdues, fell to our prayers, 
 giving God hearty thanks for our deliverance from those 
 cannibals. In the night, the Prince gave three or four 
 alarms to our quarters, as if he would have instantly fallen 
 upon us, but they had no such intentions, however we 
 stood upon our guard, intending if they came to give them 
 their welcomes with fire and bullets, but they were better 
 advised, and stood all night as well as Ave upon their 
 defence, thinking we would charge them, which we never 
 intended ; so the night being consumed with much expec- 
 tation and vigilance, in the morning we took a survey of 
 
284 H1ST0KY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 our last days's business, finding of their men slain on the 
 Green eight hundred and odd persons, most of which 
 appeared to be of good quality by their habits, likely to 
 be so, the loss falling amongst their horsemen, who were 
 most gentlemen, their footmen scarce ever advancing at 
 all towards us ; we got some four field-pieces also, which 
 they were inforced to leave behind them for haste ; of our 
 side some hundred and twenty fell their country's mar- 
 tyrs, whom burying as well as the season would permit, 
 we stood in arms expecting Prince Rupert's sallying out 
 of the closes upon us. About eight of the clock some of 
 his horsemen began to run along the sides of the hedges, 
 discharging their carbines at our men, who answered them 
 with our musquets. Little^ stomach it should seem they 
 had this morning to their breakfast, they were so clogged 
 over night with their plentiful supper ; however, about 
 nine o'clock came up some horsemen towards us, but in 
 no just number, for an army being scarcely good sufficient 
 parties, with these some of our horsemen encountered, 
 there falling but a few in that skirmish on any side ; but 
 the Prince advancing out with some other of his forces, 
 we saluted him with a bonjour from our ordnance, which 
 he took in such bad part he had no more mind to pass on 
 any further ; but hovering up and down the green, with- 
 out the reach of our muskets, our red coats, being divers 
 of them London prentices, could scarcely be restrained 
 from falling on those cavaliers ; after some shot spent on 
 both sides, but to little damage on our part ; the Prince 
 seeing he had taken a wrong matter in hand to deal with 
 us, retired again into his quarters, ever and anon some of 
 his horsemen fiurting out to try if they could kill or sur- 
 prise any of our perdues or sentinels. So the horsemen 
 being as a wall between us and their footmen, kept us 
 from falling on them ; indeed the ground being very dis- 
 advantageous for us to assault them by reason of the 
 hedges, their footmen retiring by little and little without 
 any noise of drums beating, or their colours furled up, 
 escaped through the country which they coasted over into 
 Surrey, whither their horsemen all followed in the night, 
 

 BATTLE OF TURNHAM-GREEN. 285 
 
 so that by Monday day -light there was no news at all of 
 them, they are certainly in Surrey whence it is conjec- 
 tured they intend for Kent, to join the malignants which 
 Sir Edward Deering is raising there, but we hope we shall 
 still be blessed with victory against these bloodsuckers. 
 The valour of the London prentices being terrible to the 
 cavaliers, whom we hope shortly to root out with all their 
 associates. 
 
 Next day being Sunday, marched out the militia of 
 London ; but both armies may be said to keep the sabbath 
 and facing each other without any considerable action. 
 It is incredible how many cart loads of victuals were car- 
 ried out of London, enough to have feasted their souldiers 
 some days, and fed them some weeks. In the evening 
 the King's forces drew off towards Kingston. The number 
 of the slain amounted not to a thousand, and the reputation 
 of the victory on the King's side, was more than the effect 
 thereof; for then the royalists did nose and beard the 
 populous city of London, and did triumphare in, though 
 not sub hostio. Indeed the accession of citizens to the King, 
 answered not the rational expectation ; wealth, though loyal, 
 being always fearful and loath to hazard a certain state. 
 
 This is most sure, that many scores of prisoners taken 
 by the King, were by him freely dismissed without other 
 ransom, than a strict oath to serve no more against him ; 
 now what oath office is kept in London I know not, nor 
 what Pope therein had power to dispense with so sacred an 
 obligation. But these met with such confessors, who seem- 
 ingly satisfied them in the violation of this oath, so that 
 some weeks after they appeared on the same side as fierce 
 as before.* 
 
 Manors. — There are two manors in the parish of Chis- 
 wick, both belonging to the Church of St. Paul's, one of 
 which is called the Deans' (being his peculiar), or the 
 manor of Sutton ; the other, the Prebendal manor. 
 
 Manor of Sutton. — It does not appear when or by 
 
 * Fuller's Worthies, Middlesex, p. 169. 
 
286 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 whom the manor of Sutton was given to the dean 
 and chapter of St. Paul's. Though it is not mentioned 
 among the manors belonging to the canons of that 
 church, or in Domesday-book, yet it is upon record that 
 they were in possession of it in the reign of William the 
 Conqueror. 
 
 Among the archives in the Chapter-house at St. Paul's, 
 is a very curious and minute survey of all the manors 
 belonging'to the church, made as it appears, in or about 
 the time of Alardus de Burnham, who succeeded Ralph 
 de Diceto in the Deanery, very early in the thirteenth 
 century ; as this is one of the most ancient surveys extant, 
 and very explicit and satisfactory in describing the ser- 
 vices of the tenants, I shall translate at large the account 
 of the demesne lands, and some of the principal estates 
 held under the lord by various rents and services. 
 
 An Inquisition of the Manor of Great Suttone Philip de 
 Haddam, lessee. 
 
 The jury return, that this manor is taxed or rated to the 
 king at three hides, besides the farm* of Cheswick, which 
 by itself is two hides, rated with hides of Sutton. The 
 manor is free and quit from all suit, either of county or 
 hundred, and all other dues which belong either to the 
 king himself, or to his bailiffs. In demesne are two 
 hundred and ten acres of arable land, sixteen of meadow, 
 and about forty of wood, of a good growth.f The quantity 
 of pasture is not known, but it suffices for twelve oxen, 
 four horses, { ten cows, and one hundred and thirty sheep. 
 "Wainagep may be made with twelve oxen and four horses, 
 according to the custom of the township. 
 
 * " Solandam." I have translated the word fami,. being guided by tlie 
 sense. The word solanda does not occur in any glossary that I have seen. 
 Solatium is a farm. 
 
 + In bosco bene vestito. 
 
 I " Quatuor Stottis." Stottus is denned in the glossaries to be equus 
 admissarius — admissarius quia admittitur inter armenta. 
 
 § " Wanning} mn." Wainage is sometimes used for the furniture of a wain 
 or cart, and sometimes for tillage. See Jacob's Law Dictionary. If either, it 
 must mean the latter here. 
 
MANOR OF SUTTON. 287 
 
 Inquisitio facta in Manerio de Suttuni Magistro Ph. de 
 Haddam exist ente fir mar io . 
 
 Juratores. Juratores dicunt q d maneriuin istud 
 
 Jobs de Sutton prepos. defendit se versus regem pro tribus 
 
 Walter chiles * hidis prseter solandam de Chiswick q 
 
 Gilib. fii Edwardi. habet duas hidas et sunt geldabiles cum 
 
 Adam fii Gilib. hidis de Sutton et libm et quietum ab 
 
 Wlnodus fil Edwini. omni §ecta ^^ hlmdredi et alio „ 
 
 Gilib. de Sularan. - 
 
 Everardus fii Turbiti. ruua q spectant ad dnm Rege m capite 
 
 Gilib. fil Nicbolai. vel SUOS ballivos. 
 
 In dominico sunt decies viginti acre et 10 de terra 
 arabili et in prato 16 acre et in bosco satis bene vestito 
 circiter quadraginta acre. Et numer acrar de pastura 
 ignorat sed sumcit ad 12 boves et quatuor stottos et 10 
 vaccas et ad sexies viginti et 10 oves. Potest wanniagium 
 fieri cum \2 bovibus et quatuor stottis cum consuetudinibus 
 villate tenentes de domino. 
 
 Tenants of Assise. — Gilbert, son of Nicholas, holds 
 three virgates of land, to which his grandfather, Gilbert, 
 was admitted by Theoric, a former lessee, and for which 
 he now pays thirty shillings per annum, and is subject to 
 the following services, viz. He must plough two acres of 
 the demesne lands in winter, and two in lent, and sow the 
 lords' seed, which he is to receive at the manor-house, 
 and to carry into the field ; he must harrow also the land 
 above-mentioned ; he must find two mowers,* who are to 
 have their provision from the lord of the Manor ;f and 
 two men to carry hay, who must be fed at his own cost. 
 Two men one day, and two other men a second day, to 
 weed the corn, these men to be provided with one meal 
 a day by the lord.J He must find also two carts, or one 
 waggon, to carry hay, and three men for each of the reap 
 
 * Homines cum falcibus. + Ad cibum domini. 
 
 } Ad cibum domini semel iu die. 
 
288 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 days.* He must find two men for one day to thresh the 
 rent corn,f to be carried to London, these men to have 
 one meal a day at the lord's cost, and provide two sacks 
 for each rent. He must carry dung from the Manor- 
 house two days, each day with two carts, the workmen to 
 be allowed provisions by the lord. He must bring four 
 cart loads of fuel from the wood, finding provisions at his 
 own cost. He must render, moreover, annually two hens 
 and twenty eggs. William, son of Tustan, holds one 
 virgate at the rent of 6s. 2d. He is to mow also one day 
 for the lord of the manor, being allowed his provisions, 
 and to send all his labourers to the reap days, the lord 
 allowing them victuals and ale. 
 
 Another tenant was to shear the lord's sheep and lambs, 
 and to cut his pease. Some were to pay a certain rent, 
 called malt silver,* being five-pence, three-pence, or some 
 small sum; others a rent called " ward pence,"§ gene- 
 rally two-pence, and others a small sum e. g. ten-pence, 
 called the gift, if 
 
 Inquisitio Man. Suthona temp. Hen. Decern. Alex. Thesaur. 
 
 Manerium de Suthona defendebat se tempe Rege Henr. 
 et Willi. Decan pro S hidas et reddebat vice comiti 
 
 * Quaslibet precarias ! Jacob translates precaria a reap day. It was 
 called also in ancient records, a bederyp, or bed repose, from tbe Saxon words 
 heden, rogare ; and nip, messis ; being a term for certain assistance during 
 the term of the harvest, due to the lord from his tenants, who, according to 
 the terms of their agreement, sent either all their labourers., or a part of them, 
 upon certain fixed days, called " dies precaria, i. e. bedryp, or reap days. 
 Upon these occasions, the lord of the manor always found the men provisions, 
 and sometimes liquor. John de Lambourne, a tenant of the manor of Sutton, 
 was to send one man to the sicca precaria, and two to precaria; cervisia:. 
 
 (■ " Finnan." Du Cange gives instances of firma, being used in this 
 sense : he defines it " Fructus ex conventione reddendns." 
 
 \ A payment to the lord for the privilege of making malt. It was some- 
 times called malt shot. 
 
 § Ward penny was a payment made to the sheriffs for the defence of 
 Castles. 
 
 % De dono lOd. Dommi is defined to have been a payment made to the 
 lord under the name of a free gift. — Glossariinn Media Latinitatis. 
 
MANOR OF SUTTON. 289 
 
 3 sol et adhuc ita est et recldit modo canonicis 2 firmas 
 plenas cum quingenis solidis et praeterea 40 sol in Dom 
 sunt circiter sexties 20 acre et 10 terr arab in prat 16 
 acre. In bos'c vestito circiter 30 acr et piscaria habent 
 Canonici 5 sol vel decimum piscam. Est ibi past ad 60 
 oves et 5 vaccas sunt due caruce dom quietum est ab om 
 serv. Sex decern virgata sunt assisse. Aluridus tenet 
 unum garram de Dni pro duobus sociis. 
 
 Summa £7 Ss. 7d. ; De Piscaria 5s. ; De Essarto \d. 
 
 Isti tenent de terra assisa. 
 
 Gilib fil Nicholai tenet tres virgulas in quas Gilib 
 avus suus habet ingressum per Theodori firmar et 
 modo reddit p illis 30 sol et debet 2 acras in hieme 
 arrare et duas in 40 et seminare de seraine Dni qdo 
 recipiet de curia dni et portabit in campum et liciabit 
 eosdem et inveniet 2 homines cum falcibus ad cibum 
 dni et 2 homines ad levand fenum sine cibo et duos homines 
 uno die et alios duos alio die ad sarcland ad cibum dni 
 semel in die et inveniet duas carectas vel unum plaus- 
 trum ad fenum ducendum ad cibum dni et inveniet tres 
 homines ad quaslibet precarias et una die flagellare cum 
 duobus homines firma portendu London, ad unum pastu 
 dni et inveniet duos succos ad utramque firma et ducet 
 fimum de curia duobus diebus quolibet die cum duabus 
 carectis ad cibum dni et quatuor Carectas adducet de 
 bosco ad curiam sine cibo et dat 2 Gallinas et viginti 
 ova. 
 
 Roger fil Hen I virgata cum insula prati p 12 sol et 
 inveniet 3 homines ad quaslibet precarias et quicquid avene 
 metent, colligent, et ligabunt, sine cibo. 
 
 Will fil Turstani pro 6 sol et 2d et debet una die ful- 
 care ad cibum dni et metere ad precarias cvisia omnes 
 operarios et tenentes suos ad cibum Dni. 
 
 Johannes de Lamburne pro dimid virgat inveniet ad 
 quilibet siccam precarium unum hominem et ad precarias 
 c visia? duo. 
 
290 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Oms oparios et tenentes suos ad cibum Dni. 
 Godman nepos Lefwardi dim virg pro SOd et 3d. de 
 Maltsellum. 
 
 Galf fil Alwine 8 acras de essarto pro 16c/. 
 
 This inquisition must have been made soon after Alar- 
 dus was Dean, who seems to have succeeded R. de Diceto 
 one of the then tenants, holding some land by grant of 
 Alardus.* 
 
 Another survey of the manors belonging to the church 
 of St. Paul's, made about the year l£45,f says, that the 
 manor of Sutton in the time of King Henry, and William 
 the dean, which must have been about the year 1111, was 
 rated at three hides, and paid three shillings to the sheriffs, 
 which it still did at the taking of the inquisition. The 
 canons received from it two full corn rents,} and five 
 hundred and forty shillings in money. The quantity 
 of land is the same as in the survey above quoted, except 
 that the work is computed at only thirty acres, and the 
 pasture said to be sufficient only for five cows and sixty 
 sheep. There were sixteen virgates of land which paid quit 
 rent. Aluric held of the lord unam garram,% by the annual 
 render of two plough shears.^" The rents of assise amounted 
 to £7. Ss. Id. besides five shillings, or every tenth fish from 
 the fishery, and four-pence from the cultivated waste.** 
 
 In the year 1285, an agreement was made relating to the 
 
 * Lysons's Middlesex, MSS. Brit. Mus. 
 
 + Newcourt calls this an inquisition of churches and manors, taken in 1181. 
 The inquisition of the manors is expressly said to have been taken when 
 Henry de Cornhill was dean, and Alexander, treasurer. Henry de Cornhill 
 was made dean in 1244 ; and Alexander Sweiford, the treasurer, died in 
 1246. The inquisition of the manors therefore must have taken place about 
 1245. The date of the year is annexed to the visitation of each church, viz. 
 1249, 1250, &c. 
 
 } " Duos Jirmas plenas." 
 
 § The word garra I cannot find in any glossary. Du Cange has it in the 
 plural ; and mentions an instance wherein garrets atrii occurs, but gives no 
 satisfactory explanation of it. If the MS. was not remarkably fair and legible, 
 I should suspect that gravam, a grove, was the word intended. 
 
 % " Soccos." See Kelham's Doomsday Illustrated, p. 336. 
 ** " De Essarto." Essartwm is defined to be waste land, grubbed up and 
 cultivated. 
 
PREBEND AL MANOR. 291 
 
 fisli within the manor of Sutton, between the dean and 
 chapter of St. Paul's and the prior of Merton, who enjoyed 
 a grant from the king of the fisheries of the river Thames, 
 for a certain district, which includes the shores of Chiswick. 
 
 By this agreement, the men of Sutton and Chiswick 
 were permitted to place forty wears* for catching of barbel 
 and lampreys only, for which permission they were to 
 pay twenty-three shillings per annum to the prior of 
 Merton ; and if the payment was neglected five days 
 beyond the time appointed, the sum was to be doubled.f 
 
 In the ninth year of Edw. IV. Baldwin Bray, whose 
 ancestors appear to have been settled there for several 
 generations,* conveyed the manor of Sutton, near Chese- 
 wyke (that is, I suppose, assigned the lease of the manorial 
 estate), to Thomas Coveton and others.§ During the civil 
 wars, the manor was sequestered to the lord mayor and 
 aldermen of London.^" In the year 1676, the lease came 
 into the hands of Thomas, Earl of Fauconberg,** whose 
 great-nephew, Thomas Fowler, Viscount Fauconberg, 
 assigned it, about the year 1727, to Richard, Earl of 
 Burlington. After Lord Burlington's death, the lease 
 was renewed to the late Duke of Devonshire, who married 
 his sole heir, and it is now held by the present Duke. 
 
 The manor house was lately the property of Thomas 
 King, Esq. deceased, by whom it was in a great measure 
 rebuilt. The dean and chapter of St. Paul's had a grant 
 of free warren in their manor of Sutton, 9 Edw. Il.ft 
 
 Prebend al Manor. — The prebendal manor is so called, 
 as being the corps of one of the prebends of "St. Paul's 
 cathedral. The ancient survey before mentioned, describes 
 it as containing two hides of land. 
 
 The reserved rent, as received by the prebendary, is 
 
 * Burrochae. 1- Reg. Dec. and Cap. lib. A. f. 35. 
 
 ♦ John Le Bray, of Sutton, is mentioned in a record, 45 Edw. III. See 
 Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 4507, p. 121. 
 
 § 9 Edw. IV. m. 18. IT Court rolls of the manor. 
 
 ** Rent books and court rolls of the manor. 
 H Cart. 9 Edw. II. No. 31. 
 
 v2 
 
292 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 £39. 2s. 6d. In the year 15T0 (12 Eliz.) Gabriel Good- 
 man being then prebendary of Chiswick, granted a lease 
 of this manor, with the demesne lands, consisting of about 
 one hundred and forty acres, for ninety-nine years, to 
 William Walter and George Burden, in trust that they 
 should within two years convey the same to the church of 
 Westminster, of which the said Goodman was dean. The 
 dean and chaper still hold it of the prebendary of Chiswick, 
 under a lease for three lives. 
 
 In 1649, this manor was valued at £177. 8d. exclusive 
 of the reserved rent, was in the occupation of Arthur 
 Duck, LL.D. as sub-lessee, and was sold soon afterwards 
 as Church property, being discharged of the reserved 
 rent, for the sum of £155. 5s. Sd. to William Angier and 
 Edward Radden, on behalf of Richard Duck, of the 
 county of Devon.* 
 
 In 1691, Sir Stephen Fox was lessee of the manor under 
 the Church of Westminster.! The lease was assigned by 
 his son Stephen, about the year 1727, to Dr. Michael 
 Hutchinson, and by some mesne assignments came to 
 James Fry, Esq.* Dr. Michael Hutchinson appears to 
 have held the manor till 1737 ; from that year till 1745, 
 Mrs. Mary Daniel and Joseph Alstone, who probably 
 were his heirs ; in 1745, Gauntlet Fry, Esq. ; in 1748, 
 Susanna Sharpe, spinster, who devised it to James Fry 
 above mentioned. 
 
 The present lessee is Charles Welsted, Esq. and as such he 
 is called lord of the manor, and holds an annual court baron. 
 Lands within this manor descend to the youngest son. 
 
 Manor Farm House, this house which was an academy 
 in the occupation of the Rev. Dr. Home, is called in 
 a survey dated 1725, the Manor Farm* House, and was 
 then in the tenure of Lady Nevill. 
 
 * Parliament. Surveys, Lamb. MS. Library. 
 
 + His name first occurs that year as lord of the manor, in the court rolls. 
 I Stephen Fox was lord of the manor in 1726 ; and Dr. Michael Hutchinson 
 in 1727- 
 
MANOR OF COLLEGE HOUSE. 293 
 
 Manor of College House. — In Gabriel Goodman's 
 lease above-mentioned, it is stipulated that the lessee should 
 erect additional buildings adjoining to the Manor house, 
 sufficient for the accommodation of one of the prebendaries 
 of Westminster, the master of the school, the usher, forty 
 boys, and proper attendants, who should retire thither in 
 time of sickness, or at other seasons, when the dean and 
 chapter should think proper.* 
 
 To this day a piece of ground is reserved in the lease to 
 the sub-lessee as a play place for the scholars, though it 
 is not known that the school was ever removed to Chis- 
 wick since Busby's time. It is on record that he resided 
 here, with some of his scholars in 1657. f 
 
 A few years ago, when this house was in the tenure of 
 Robert Berry, Esq. the names of the celebrated Earl of 
 Halifax, John Dryden, and many others were to be seen 
 upon the walls. Bowack who wrote an account of Chis- 
 wick in 1T06 says, that the house was then so decayed 
 that it was wholly unfit for its intended use, and was patched 
 up into small tenements for the labouring people of the 
 town.J 
 
 If his representation be accurate, it must have been 
 rebuilt, or at least have undergone very considerable 
 repairs, before the year 1725, when the College house 
 was inhabited by Dr. John Friend, master of Westminster 
 
 * Fuller is inaccurate when lie says that Dean Goodman purchased a house, 
 with land thereunto belonging, for the use of Westminster school. " If these 
 lands," says he, " at this day be not so properly employed as they were by 
 the donor piously intended, it were safer to bemoan the sad effects, than to 
 accuse the authors thereof." He adds, that " Goodman with his own hands 
 planted a row of elms in his time, grown up to great height and beauty." — 
 Worthies, b. iv. p. 35. Norden is more accurate than Fuller when he says, 
 " Cheswicke, belonging to a prebend of Pauls, now in the hands of Dr. Good- 
 man, dean of Westminster, where he hath a fair house, whereunto he with- 
 draweth tbe schollers of the colledge of Westminster." — Spec. Brit. p. 17. 
 
 + " I was presently in all haste," says Bagshawe, in the narrative of his 
 dispute with Busby, " in that hot and sickly season of the year, to be removed 
 unto Westminster from Chiswick, where I had fixed my residence, and where, 
 upon all removes of the college, the second master is by statute obliged to be." 
 — p. 3 This was in the year 1657. There is mention of other removes of 
 the college during the same year, p. 2. 
 
 I Antiquities of Middlesex, p. -±8. 
 
294 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 school, and the prebendary's apartments by Dr. Broad- 
 rick.* Dr. Nicholls was the last master who occasionally 
 resided at the College house. Dr. Markham, the present 
 archbishop of York, when master of Westminster school, 
 rented the prebendary's lodgings of the dean and chapter. 
 The whole being in a ruinous state, was let on a 
 repairing lease in the year 1788, for which purpose a 
 special license was obtained from the dean and chapter of 
 St. Paul's, and the prebendary of Chiswick, pursuant to 
 dean Goodman's injunctions, whereby the Church of 
 Westminster is restrained from letting the mansion, or 
 manor house for more than one year, without such license. 
 
 * Survey of the manor, bearing date 172f). 
 
RECTORY AND VICARAGE. 295 
 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Rectory and Vicarage — Ancient Inventories of the Church of Cheswyk — 
 Prebendaries — Value of the Vicarage — Parliamentary and Commonwealth 
 Clergy — Vicars from 1662 — Church of St. Nicholas — Monuments and 
 Inscriptions in the Church and Church Yard — Parochial Charities and 
 Benefactions. 
 
 Rectory and Vicarage. — The church is a vicarage in 
 the patronage of the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, who 
 are ordinaries of the place, it being exempt from the 
 bishop's jurisdiction. 
 
 In a survey of the churches and manors belonging to 
 the dean and chapter of St. Paul's, taken about the year 
 1245, the inquisition relating to this parish says, that the 
 church of Sutton, meaning I suppose Chiswick, was in the 
 demesne of the canons, who received from it ten shillings 
 per annum by the hands of the lessee. It paid also thir- 
 teen pence under the name of synodals. The lessee col- 
 lected the peter's pence, which he received to his own use.* 
 
 Ecclesia de Sutton: — est in domin canonicorum et 
 red eis per man firmarii et solvit nomine sinodalium 13d. 
 flrmarius colligit denarium sancti Petri et sibi retenit. 
 Hab. hsec eccles. in dom. suo 16 J acras de ten* arab. in 
 prato 1 acre liberas, et habet de dominio tertiam partem 
 decimarium tarn in majoribus quam in minoribus similiter 
 de dom. Scotlande Thesaurarii tertiam partem decima- 
 rum et de duobus villatis totas decimas prseter fenum. 
 
 * Cart. Antiq. Reg. D. et Cap. lib. iv. f. 82. 6. 
 
296 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 The glebe land belonging to the church was 16 J acres 
 of arable, and one of meadow, all free land 
 
 The church had also a third-part of the tithes both great 
 and small, of the demesnes, and of the treasurer's demesnes, 
 and all the tithes of both townships, except those of hay. 
 In the reign of Hen. III. the dean and chapter, out of 
 respect, it seems, to Gualo, the Pope's legate, granted a 
 lease of the rectory of Chiswick to Tholomeus Romanus,* 
 for thiee marks per annum. 
 
 In 1327 it was rated at one hundred shillings ;f in the 
 time of Edw. VI. at £404 
 
 It appears by the survey of 1649 that the parsonage of 
 Chiswick was then on lease to John Edgar, at £4 10s. per 
 annum; and that it was valued at £55 4s. per annum, 
 over and above the reserved rent.§ 
 
 Another survey, taken in 1650, values the rectory at 
 £100; it was then in the occupation of Mr. Chaloner 
 Chute.«[j 
 
 The rectory is now leased with the manor of Sutton 
 Court, the reserved rent of both together being £43 per 
 annum. 
 
 At a visitation of the church of Chiswick, anno 1252, it 
 appeared that the vicar received all the alterage,** and had 
 a glebe of twelve acres of arable and one of meadow ; 
 besides which, he was paid a mark of silver annually by 
 the chamberlain. ff 
 
 At a visitation, anno 1458,++ the vicar's glebe was com- 
 puted at twenty acres, which he enjoyed for the purpose 
 of finding a boy for the choir, to assist in the divine 
 service. 
 
 * Cart. Antiq. St. Paul's, No. 787. 
 
 + Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 60. 
 
 J Chantry Roll, Augmentation Office. 
 
 § Parliament. Surveys, Lamb. MS. Liby. 
 
 «J[ Parliamentary Survey, Lambeth MS. Lib. 
 
 ** Decreed by the Court of Exchequer, 21 Eliz. to comprehend all small 
 tithes. 
 
 H Peg. Dec. and Cap. lib. L. f. 137, 6. 
 
 H See a thin book of Visitations of Churches, among the archives of St. 
 Paul's cathedral. 
 
ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 297 
 
 ANTIENT INVENTORIES OF THE GOODS 
 AND ORNAMENTS OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 Among the archives of the dean and chapter of St. 
 Paul's, are two inventories of the goods and ornaments 
 belonging to the church of Chiswick. 
 
 The first bears date 1252, and may be thus translated : 
 
 A good and sufficient missal sent from the treasury 
 of St. Paul's. 
 
 A tropery, in good condition, except that it wants 
 binding.* 
 
 An old legend with masses inserted in various places, 
 for the use of the monks. f 
 
 An antiphoner, in good condition, with the notes pro- 
 perly marked. X 
 
 A good and sufficient psalter. 
 
 Item. — There is no manual. 
 
 Item. — A silver chalice, small and of little value. 
 
 A chesible of red velvet § with a handsome orfray, which 
 was a rich border or fringe to a garment worked for the 
 most part with gold and silver, called an orfray, or orfroy ; 
 in Latin sometimes orfrea, and sometimes aurifrigium. 
 
 Item. — Two sufficient gradales.^" 
 
 * Tropium. — A tropery was a book of Sequences, Ducange defines Tropus- 
 versus qui prtecipue festis cantatur ante introitum. 
 
 t Lecconarium. — Mr. Lewis calls the Book of Lessons read at matins, the 
 legend ; these lessons were sometimes taken out of the Scriptures, and some • 
 times out of the Sermons and Homilies of the fathers, or the lives of the saints. 
 
 I Antiphonarium. — A book containing antiphones, or anthems. 
 
 § Casula. — Mr. Lewis calls this a chesible, it differed from the principal 
 vestment, or cope, by being shorter, and open on each side ; on the fore and 
 hind part of it was a large cross. 
 
 ^ Gradalia, — so called from the gradales which were sung after the Epistle. 
 — See Gutch's Collec. Curios, vol. ii. p. 108. An Account of Books, Vest- 
 ments, and Utensils, used in Churches before the Beformation, by the 
 Bev. John Lewis. 
 
£98 HISTORY OF CHISWTCK. 
 
 Here follows a Second Inquisition of the ornaments and 
 goods of Chisivick Church, dated anno 1458. 
 
 A cope entire and well ornamented, another cope with 
 a white chesible, thin and torn.* 
 
 Two maniples and a stole. f 
 
 Three corporasses.* 
 
 Five consecrated altar cloths in good condition, one of 
 them ornamented with silk.g 
 
 A silk cloth of arest in good condition, given to the 
 church, by one of the parishioners.^! 
 
 And old Chrismatory.** 
 
 A good and sufficient banner. 
 
 Item. — There is no pix wherein to place the conse- 
 crated host. 
 
 Item. — Two brass candlessicks, and two of tin, and four 
 tin vials. 
 
 The font much out of repair and without a lock. 
 
 The chancel out of repair, and the roof decaying. 
 
 Item. — There is no collection for lights except a half- 
 penny from each house for the pascal-taper ; it is ordered 
 that a like collection be made for the rood light.f f 
 
 * Or principal vestment, made close on both sides, and open only at top 
 and bottom, generally of very rich materials. 
 
 + The Maniple was a slip of linen or silk embroidered with crosses, and 
 fringed at one end, which the priest wore round his left arm. — Stole. A broad 
 piece of white linen, or of silk, fringed at both ends, and sometimes embroid- 
 ered with crosses, worn by the priest about his neck, and hanging down 
 sometimes below his knees. 
 
 + Three Corporasses — Corporalia, so called, because it covered the water, 
 i. e. according to the Roman Catholic tenets, the body of our Saviour. 
 
 § Palle altarii benedicte. 
 
 ^[ Du Cange gives some instances of cloth of arest occurring in Records, 
 but does not define it ; perhaps the same as arras, so called from a town in 
 Artois. 
 
 ** Chrismatory, a vessel for the consecrated oil. 
 
 ++ Rotella. — The only definition of this word in the Glossaries, is a little 
 wheel, as a diminute from Rota. But as Du Cange defines rodella idem quod 
 rotella, we may suppose that the latter was used also for the former, in which 
 case it may be derived from roda, a word made from the Saxon rode — the rood 
 
ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 299 
 
 Item. — John Belemeis then prebend of Chiswick, has 
 half a mark towards the repairs of the chancel, left by 
 Alexander, the late treasurer. 
 
 Item. — The church has not been dedicated* 
 
 ©rnatmma tnbntta aputt ©fiesfoicfe die ScoW 
 
 Johs. et Pauli. An Dom. 1252. 
 
 Missale bonum et sufficiens missum ibidem de Thes. 
 Sancti Pauli. 
 
 Duo Graduale sufficiente. 
 
 Un troprium sufficiens, male ligatum. 
 
 Item — Vet. lib. lecconari, cum messa incerta per locis 
 in usu monach. 
 
 Item — Antiph. leccone sufficiens bene notat. 
 
 Item — Psalterium bene et sufficiens. 
 
 Item — Desit Manuale. 
 
 Item — Calix argenteus parvus et parvi pretii inhibans. 
 
 Item — Una casula de Sameto rubeo bene ornata auri 
 fregio. 
 
 Item — Vest, integ. institut paratis bene. 
 
 Item — Al vest cum alba casula debili et rupta inti cum 
 duplicis maniplis et Stol. 
 
 Item — Tria corporalia bnda. 
 
 Item — Quinque pallae Altaria benedicte, in integ. quo 
 una habet parura de serico. 
 
 Item — Pannus sericus de aresta qui quidem parochi- 
 anus dedit eccles. integ. 
 
 Item — Chrismatorium vetus. 
 
 Item — Unum Vexillum bene et sufficiens. - 
 
 Item — Nulla Pixis ad reponam Corp. Domini. 
 
 Item — Dua candelabra eneae — et cluas candelab stagnea?. 
 
 Item — Quatuor Phiale Stag. 
 
 Item — Fons debil. et ruptus sine cera. 
 
 or holy cross. Indeed, the sense here, and in the surveys of the other 
 churches, in most of which it occurs, will allow of no other definition. It is 
 well known that collections for the pascal and rood-light were made in almost 
 every parish in England before the Reformation 
 
 * Before the ensuing Inquisition was taken, ii had been dedicated to St, 
 Nicholas. 
 
300 
 
 HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 
 
 Item — Cancellum debile. et ruptum et cooptum male. 
 
 Item — Ad luminare nichil collectem in collecta ad 
 sereum paschalem sed cle quolibet domo obol. injunctum 
 est parochianis simile collectam ad rotellam. 
 
 Item — John de Belemeis dimid marc ad cancel, emend, 
 de testament, quondam a Thesau. 
 
 Item — Ecclesia non est dedicata. 
 
 Item — Vicar habet tot Altaragium cmn 125 acr. terr. 
 arab & 1 acr. prat. & 1. marc Argent, per man. camerarii. 
 
 In the second Inquisition of the state of Chiswick 
 church, dated anno. 1458, there is mentioned amongst 
 the ornaments, a tablet of alabaster over the great altar, 
 representing the death of our Saviour.* 
 
 Two paintings representing the last judgment, and the 
 five joys of the Virgin Mary. 
 
 A vest of green silk with flowers of gold and white 
 birds. 
 
 Another vest of red silk with golden lions. 
 
 A third vest of red bawdekyn, with flowers of gold, 
 being the gift of William Dolman. f 
 
 A vest of black sattyn, having orfrays of green silk, 
 with white lilies. 
 
 A green vest of brod alysaunder, with white roses* and 
 two frontals.§ 
 
 The chancel was represented as in very bad condition, 
 and the charges of repairing it estimated at twenty marks. 
 
 Complaint was made of " twenty-two elmys loppid and 
 pollyd," near the road of the procession. 
 
 * Tabula de Alabastro Tabula is said to mean sometimes a solid tablet, 
 adorned with sculpture, and fastened to the altar. — Glossarium Media Lati- 
 nitatis. 
 
 f The richest kind of silk, wrought with tissue of gold, sometimes baw- 
 dekyn, or baldekin, because as Du Cange says, brought from Baldaco, or 
 Babylon. Minshew's says, Bawdekin, quia a meretricibus inventus, — Gloss. 
 Med. Lett. 
 
 + Probably a species of cloth brought from Alexandria. 
 
 § A cloth to hang under the tapers. 
 
ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 301 
 
 CTfiC iJl'SSSiK Of ©fiegtoefe*— We the Jury doo 
 present and testyfy the goods, plate, ornaments, Jewells 
 and bells, belongynge and apertayngnge to the Churche 
 of Cheswek in the comptye of Myddlesex as well as wh 
 in the Inventory takyn by the Kyngs Commessyoners as 
 well as also the goods belongyng to the same Churches as 
 apereth hereafter most playnly testyfyed by us the same 
 Jury, the fyfth daye of Awgoost in the Yere of our Lord 
 God a thousande fyve hundredthe fifty and two, and in 
 the sexth yere of the Reygne of our Soveregn Lord Kynge 
 Edwarde the sexte by the grace of God of Ingiand and 
 Ierlande the supreme head Emedyately under God : — 
 
 This Inventory made the tenth daye of March in the 
 thyrde yere of the Regne of our moost dreade Sovereigne 
 Kynge Edward the sexte by the Grace of God of Inglande 
 Fraunce and Ierlande Kynge Defender of the faithe, and 
 of England and Ierlande the supreme hede Emedyately 
 under God of all such goods as ar in the Parysshe Churche 
 of Cheswek in the comptye of Myddlesex. 
 
 The Inventory e taken by the Kynges Commessyoners in the 
 thurd yere of his moost gracyous reygne — 
 
 BmprittUS* — Two challis of sylver parsel gylte weynge 
 
 xxvi 11 
 Item — A pyxe of latten.* 
 
 Two latten candlestyks on the high aultor. 
 
 A basen and ewer of latten for crystenvng. 
 
 A crosse of copper and gylte. 
 
 Three corporess cases 
 
 A vestment of blew saten. 
 
 * The curious observer will do well to ascertain when any brass, bearing 
 traces of enamelled work comes under his notice, whether the metal employed 
 in such cases be copper, or the usual kiud of brass anciently termed latten, a 
 mixed yellow metal of exceedingly bard quality, and which appears to be the 
 identical in composition with that now used, for making cocks for casks or 
 cisterns, technically called cock brass. — Archccolog. Journal, Sept. 1844. p. 208. 
 
*30£ HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 Item — A vestment of blue satin w th a redd crosse on the 
 
 same. 
 A" vestment of dark blew satyn of brydges w h a 
 
 crosse of blew vellctt. 
 Two vestments of blew satyn of brydges w th blew 
 
 crosses. 
 One vestment of damask of popingjay color why the, 
 
 womens heds on the crosse thereof. 
 One vestment of yellow flowers. 
 One vestment of sylke full of whyte byrds. 
 One vestment of murry chamblett with starres. 
 One vestment of redd chamblett. 
 One vestment of whyth fustyan w th redd spotts. 
 One vestment of yelow sylke. 
 One yelowe cope with lyons. 
 One other yelowe cope w th pecokes feders. 
 
 irtOittlft* — One cope of redd caffa w th yelowe lyons. 
 One cope of grene w th flowers of redd. 
 One cope of redd saye. 
 One corse cope wyth grene flowers. 
 One camary clothe of redd sylke. 
 A hearse cloth of redd sylke. 
 A hanging of yelowe sylke for the high aultor. 
 In the steple fyve greate bels one of them beyinge 
 
 a clock. 
 A sacaryn bel. 
 A hand bel. 
 
 Goods belongyng and remaynynge in tkeprochc. 
 
 BRASS AND PEWTER. 
 
 Item — Two brass potts weyinge .... poundes. 
 
 * Stolen — the people obtained iutelligence of the intended visit of the 
 ecclesiastical commissioners, whose purpose was to remove the greater part of 
 the trinkets, or implements used in those days of ignorance and superstition, 
 and they broke into the churches and carried them off to preserve them ns 
 relicts — Gutch, GoUcc. Curios, vol. ii. p. 17C. 
 
ANCIENT INVENTORIES. 
 
 Item — A spytt. 
 
 1111 pewter dyshes and a lyttlle basen weyinge 
 xi pounde. 
 
 STOWLN. 
 
 All the lynynge of the churche, as Albes, sorplesses, 
 aultor clothes, and all other lynynge stoyln out 
 of the churche, and the church brokyn. 
 
 Depts and Rerages dew to the same Churche 
 
 li. s. d. 
 
 Item — In the hands of John Thomas, one of the 
 churchwardens, delyvered in to his 
 hand ...... xi 
 
 William Baldock beyinge warden dyd 
 lend of the churche money to one 
 William Sutton and unpayd . . vi viii 
 John Good ..... xl 
 
 And remayns in the boxe in the costody 
 of the sayde wardens Willim Gyells 
 and John Tursell . . . . x vii 
 
 GOODS SOWED. 
 
 Som of these depts and rerages* . . v xi iiii 
 
 Prebendaries of Cms wick. In Newcourts' Reperto- 
 rium may be seen a list of the prebendaries of Chiswick, 
 among whom are Nigellus, Bishop of Ely, Richard Clifford, 
 Bishop of London, Cardinal Moreton, Christopher Urswick, 
 Bishop Bonner,, Bishop Barlow, and Bishop Beveridge.f 
 
 The present prebendary is the Rev. J. Smith, M.A. 
 vicar of Ealing. 
 
 The prebendary of Chiswick hath the eighteenth state 
 on the left side of the choir, and the corps of his prebend 
 lies in this parish, and belongs to that manor, which toge- 
 
 * Certificate of Church Goods in Middx. temp. Edw. VI. — Augment. Office. 
 + Vol. i. p. 138. 
 
304 HISTORY OF CHTSW1CK. 
 
 ther with the mansion-house, and all the manors and 
 messuages, lands, tenements, and rents, are left to the dean 
 and chapter of Westminster, and hath been so ever since 
 Queen Elizabeth's reign. 
 
 Prebendarii. 
 
 Edmundus ; Willelmus Decanus ; Nigellus Nepos 
 Rogeri Sarum ; Ricardus de Amanville ; Ricardus The- 
 saurarius ; Will. Coroner ; Rodolphus Held ; Alanus, 
 Clericus Dom. Papee, Mn. III. ; John Belemus ; Will, de 
 Bathonia ; Edm. de Bathonia ; Ric. de Gravesende ; Will, 
 de Scothe ; Phil. Weston ; Will, de Wenlyngsburgh, 
 Sen.; Will. Bryan, pr. 26 Sept. 1395; Ric. Clyfford 
 Archid. Cant. 18. Apr. 1397; Ric. Clyfford, 21. Dec. 
 1398; Joh. Nottingham; Tho. Poole, 20. Feb. 1418; 
 Ric. Clifford, 19. Jun. 1419;— Will. Cleve; J. Colville, 
 11. Nov. 1419; Hen. Sharp, L.D. 7. Apr. 1471; Robt. 
 Neubald, L.B. 25. April, 1472; Joh. Morton, A.M. 29. 
 Jun. 1478; Rob. Morton, A.M. 29, Jun. 1478; Ric. 
 Sampson, L.D. ; Ric. Sandford, A.M. 31. Mar. 1534; 
 E. Bonner ; E Moyle, d. 4. Sept. 1529 ; Gal. Goodman ; 
 Will. Barlow, S. T. P. 1. Jul. 1601 ; Ric. Bayley, S. T. P. 
 2. Maii, 1631 ; Ric. Perinchief, S. T. P. 2. Aug. 1667 ; Car. 
 Smith, d. 9. Sep. 1673 ; Will. Beveridge, d. 22. Dec. 1674. 
 
 THE VALUE OF THE VICARAGE. 
 
 In the king's books this vicarage is valued at £9 18s. 4d. 
 per annum; in the survey of 1649, at £53 18s. ; in that 
 of 1650, at £58 ; in the latter survey is mentioned a glebe 
 of twenty acres and a half. Patrick Seamer was then 
 vicar,* having been presented by the parliament, after the 
 sequestration of Mr. Packington. 
 
 James Thompson, who was presented to the vicarage of 
 Chiswick, Nov. 4, 1658, by William Steele and others, 
 
 * Parliamentary Surveys, Lambeth MS. Liby. 
 
VALUE OF THE VICARAGE. 305 
 
 procured an allowance of sixty pounds per annum, out of 
 the impropriated tithes, April 27, 1660.* 
 
 In 1649, the commissioners say that the present vicar, 
 Mr. Patricke Seamer, is an able and honest preaching 
 minister, presented by the parliament after the seques- 
 tration and putting forth of Mr. Packington; there 
 is a vicaridge house w ch is very much decayed, the 
 barne thereunto belonging was very lately repayred by 
 the present minister, and is lett unto William Simon, 
 for three pounds the yeare. One and twenty e acres 
 and a halfe of gleabe land belongying to the vicaridge 
 ys valued at twenty e-seaven pounds pr annum, held 
 by Beniamyn Holden ; the petty tythes valued att twenty 
 five pounds p annum; the presentation of the minister 
 formerly, as we are informed, was by the deane and 
 chapter of Paules, London. The parsonage is in the 
 hands and occupacyon of Mr. Challoner Chute. The 
 value of the chiefe tythe is, as we are informed, one 
 hundred pounds per annum, for what tearme, he the said 
 Mr. Chute hath it in, wee cannot know.t 
 
 We the Comm rs for approbacon of puhlique preachers and 
 all others whom it may concerne. 
 
 We William Steele etc the true and undoubted patrons 
 of the vicarage of the psh church of Chiswick, become 
 void by the death of the late incumbent or by any other 
 wayes whatsoever, have nominated and presented James 
 Thompson minister of the word to the said vicarage, and 
 desire that the said James Thompson may be admitted to 
 and reside in the said vicarage, and vested with all the 
 rights, members, and appurtenances thereof which we doe 
 hereby upon your admission graunt unto him, and that 
 you would doe and fulfill all the other things requisite 
 and necessary by you in this behalf to be done. Given 
 
 * Minutes of the Commissioners' proceedings, Lambeth MS. Library, vol. 
 xix. p. 137, 138. 
 
 + A Survey of Church Lands, Anno 1049. vol. i. p. 1^. Lambeth MS. Lib. 
 
 X 
 
306 HISTORY OF CHISWIOK. 
 
 under our hands and seales the 4th day of November, 
 1658. 
 
 James Thompson admitted the 19th day of November 
 1658 to the vicarage of Chiswick in the county of Middle- 
 sex upon a presentation exhibited the 17. day of the same 
 month from the trustees for maintenance of ministers. 
 The patrons and certificates from Richard Mayo of King- 
 ston-upon-Thames. Thomas Willis of Twickenham, Ri. 
 Hobhouse of Walton.* 
 
 Mr. Thompson procured the allowance of sixty pounds 
 per annum, out of the impropriated tithes, in consequence 
 of the following mandate : — 
 
 " Whereas the vicarage of the parish of Chiswick in the 
 countie of Middlesex doth not exceede the yearly value 
 of £40 and the lease of the impropriated tythes of Chiswick 
 aforesaid, parcel of the possessions of the late deane and 
 chapter of Pauls as lately appeared. It is ordered that 
 the yearley summe of three score pounds bee graunted 
 out of the rents and profitts of the said tithes, to and for 
 encrease of such godly and painful preachers of the gospell, 
 as shall from time to time be the settled ministers of ye 
 said parish church, and duly to be paid to Mr. John 
 Thompson present minister whereof, of whose godly con- 
 versation, abilities and fitness for ye said place, the said 
 trustees have good testimonie to hold for such times as he 
 shall continue faithfully to discharge ye duty of the 
 minister of the said place till farther ordered. And that 
 Mr. Francis, churchwarden doe pay the same unto him as 
 annexed to his vicarage according to act of parliament in 
 jt behalfe.f " 
 
 Thos. Thorowgood Io. Pocock. 
 
 W. Skinner. Ri. Yonge. 
 
 * Minutes of the Commissioners' proceedings, Lambeth MS. Library, vol. 
 xix. p. 137. 
 
 + Minutes of the Commissioners' proceedings. Trustees for plundered 
 Ministers, vol. xxxv. p. 144. Lambeth MS. Library. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. 307 
 
 Bowack thus describes this church in 1705 : — cc This 
 church we are well assured is very ancient, tho' after all 
 our pains we cannot discover its founder or the time when 
 it was built, therefore we must venture to give our con- 
 jectures from the architecture of it, as we have done in 
 other places. Upon a careful survey of the structure of 
 this church, we find in it three or four distinct kinds of 
 building, between every one of which by their different 
 appearances there must have been a considerable interval. 
 That which appears most ancient is the north wall, the 
 lower parts of which we suppose to have continued ever 
 since its first foundation. This is built with flint and 
 chalk stones, and is of great thickness, though without any 
 care or order, and seems of a piece with the buildings of 
 the 12th or 13th century. We have further reason to 
 believe it of such a standing, because there is a cup 
 belonging to this church, used in the communion service, 
 called St. Nicholas's cup, of a very antique form, which 
 probably was dedicated to the said Saint with the church. 
 But that which strengthens this conjecture is, the archi- 
 tecture of the tower at the west end, which seems to be 
 built at least 200 or 300 years since the foundation of the 
 church, and we are assured is of about 300 years standing ; 
 the founder dying in the year 1425, as appears by this 
 inscription on a marble stone near the belfry : — 
 
 ' Mr. William Bordale, principal vicar of this church of 
 Chiswick, was founder of the steeple of the same. He 
 dyed in the year of our Lord mccccxxv. both of which 
 appears in the brass of his tombstone in this church. This 
 monument of this worthy benefactor, being by William 
 Walker, his successor, happily preserved from being lost, 
 is now in this stone commended to the lasting memory of 
 posterity by the Eight Honourable and truly noble Lord, 
 Francis, Lord Russell, Earl of Bedford, Anno Domini 
 
 MDCXXX.' 
 
 " The said plate referred to in this inscription is now in 
 x2 
 
308 HTSTOllY OF CHTSWICK. 
 
 being, and the inscription on it inserted in the collection 
 following. 
 
 " In some other parts of this church, the walls seem to be 
 rebuilt almost from the foundation, and considerably raised 
 in several places, as also alterations in the windows, which 
 seems to be done about 150 years ago ; but that which is 
 most modern, is the south aisle, a handsome brick building, 
 carried a considerable way from the body of the church 
 towards the south, built from the ground by the parishi- 
 oners in the years 1649-50 and 51 (the south side of the 
 church, being then in a shattered condition, and the con- 
 gregation much augmented), and cost them, with some 
 other repairs £279. These are all the alterations and 
 repairs we can discover in this church, except some repairs 
 of the chancel, by the Right Honourable Thomas, Earl of 
 Falconberg, in the year 1694, by virtue of his lease from 
 the dean and chapter of St. Paul's." 
 
 " It may not be improper here to add, that some few 
 years after repairing the church, the parishioners likewise 
 liberally contributed towards the rebuilding of the Par- 
 sonage house, which was in a very shattered condition ; 
 and in the year 1658, the old one was pulled down, and 
 a new one erected, built of brick, very handsome and 
 commodious, the parish rate for this was £260. Also, in 
 the year 1698, the house being out of repair and wanting 
 several conveniences, it was repaired, beautified, and 
 had some additional buildings added, which cost in all 
 £56. 16s. Several of the honourable and eminent inha- 
 bitants contributing very largely, particularly that worthy 
 gentleman Sir Stephen Fox, who also at his own charge 
 has built a spacious barn of brick near adjoining, for the 
 use of the vicar, which cost him £40." 
 
 Thomas Elborough who was collated to this vicarage in 
 1662, published an Exposition of the Common Prayer, in two 
 books. He was an intimate friend of John Barwick, who 
 was made dean of St. Paul's, by Charles the Second, for his 
 loyalty and sufferings during the civil war. Dr. Barwick 
 in the latter part of his life, frequently retired to his 
 friend's house at Chiswick. 
 
\ 
 
 ) 
 
(CSnigWKCIE. (DHWIBOHc 
 
 HEJR Tm®M&8> (SHAMMERS MOTTCIIIOTT, JKBdDfi, 
 
LIST OF VICARS. 309 
 
 1483. William Bordale * 
 James Thompson. 
 1662, Sept. 26. Thomas Elborough, resig. 
 1675, April 15. Samuel Turner, M.A. death. 
 1678, Feb. 20. Jacob Ellesby, M.A. death. 
 1716, Mar. 26. Thomas Wood, resig. Ellesby. 
 1732, Dec. 5. Thomas Spateman, M.A. death. 
 1761, Jan. 26. Arthur Cohan, M.A. death. 
 1781, Mar. 30. James Trebeck, by cession. 
 
 1808, Dec. 1. Thomas Hughes, D.D. death. 
 
 1809, Aug. 16. John Pretyman, B.A. resig. 
 1811, Mar. 26. Thomas Frere Bowerbank, M.A. 
 
 by cession. 
 
 
 
 This church is dedicated to St. Nicholas, who was 
 believed by our Saxon ancestors to be propitious to mari- 
 ners, merchants, and fishermen, and we therefore find 
 many sacred edifices upon the sea coast adjoining great 
 rivers, put under his protection. 
 
 The present structure appears to have consisted origi- 
 nally only of a nave and chancel, and was built probably 
 about the beginning of the fifteenth century, at which time 
 the tower was erected at the charge of W. Bordall, vicar 
 of Chiswick, who died in 1435, as appears by an inscrip- 
 tion on a tablet placed against the west wall of the nave 
 of the church. 
 
 There are six bells in the steeple, five of which bear 
 date anno 1656. The sixth bell, or tenor, is thus inscribed, 
 "Thomas Mears, founder, London : this bell* was cast 
 December 1843, in lieu of the former tenor which had 
 been broken and useless many years." 
 
 The church clock was made by Twaites, of Clerkenwell, 
 anno 1814. 
 
 The tower, which is built of stone and flint, is eighty feet 
 
 * Besides the above named William Bordale I can give no further account 
 of the Vicars of the church, because some of the Records of the dean and 
 chapter were burnt — but of such as were admitted since the restoration. — 
 Neivcourfs Repertorium, vol. i. p. 500. 
 
310 
 
 HISTORY OF CHI S WICK. 
 
 high, and the spire and vane is twenty-eight feet high, and 
 is crowned with a figure of St. Nicholas, the patron saint. 
 The chancel is the only part of the old church now 
 remaining, and is built with stone and flint. 
 
 The Interior of the Church. — The interior of the 
 church presents a handsome and uniform appearance : 
 at the last general repairs in the year 1818, the galleries 
 were enlarged, and the whole was painted to resemble 
 wainscot. The south aisle and gallery were built 
 by voluntary subscriptions in 1772, and the north 
 aisle and gallery were built by voluntary subscriptions, 
 in 1817. The pulpit is judiciously placed against the 
 east wall of the nave, it is octagonal and painted uniform. 
 On Sundays it is covered with crimson velvet and gold 
 fringe. 
 
 The church is lighted by twelve windows, placed in the 
 north and south aisles, and at the west and east ends of the 
 nave. The body of the church is fifty-eight feet long from 
 east to west, and sixty -five feet wide from north to south. 
 
 The chancel is lighted by a large gothic window at the 
 east end, one circular headed window on the south side, 
 and two on the north side; it projects easterly from the 
 body of the church to which it is connected by a gothic 
 arch. It is thirty feet long, by fifteen feet wide. On 
 the north side is the Duke of Devonshire's family pew, 
 which he occupies as lord of the manor of Sutton. 
 
 Over the communion table is painted the credence table 
 in four divisions. 
 
 The parochial charities and benefactions are painted in 
 gilt letters on the front panels of the galleries. The organ 
 is placed as usual over the west gallery. 
 
 The present organ was first opened on Sunday, April 9th, 
 1797, with the overture and chorus from Solomon, which 
 was sung by Mr. Braham. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 311 
 
 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Tendimus hue omnes, metam properamus ad imam, 
 Omnia sub leges mors vocat atra suas. — Ovid ad Liviam. 
 
 The transition from the fabric of the Church to the tomb is 
 easy and natural, and the reader must expect little more 
 in the following pages than a transcription of epitaphs. In 
 a parochial history a list of this kind cannot be without 
 interest, since there must be a pleasing sensation in the 
 recollection of departed friends. Whilst we see around 
 us the memorials of those whom we once loved, or at least 
 those whom we once knew, we cannot but indulge a few 
 moments of serious thought, and profit by the prospect. 
 
 The tomb of a good man supplies the want of his pre- 
 sence, and veneration for his memory produces the same 
 effect as the observation of his life.* 
 
 On the south wall of the chancel is the monument of Sir 
 Thomas Chaloner, composed of red veined marble, repre- 
 senting a tent sort of architectural design, the upper part 
 projecting in a semicircular form, with an entablature of 
 the doric order, on the metopes of which are displayed 
 two coats of arms. Over this is a pediment, in the front of 
 which is another coat of arms ; on the apex of the pedi- 
 ment stands a figure of fame with a trumpet in each hand. 
 On the entablature, supported by two angels' heads, stand 
 two figures in coats of mail, with duck trowsers, military 
 boots, black beards, black hair, faces and hands coloured 
 flesh, who drawing aside the curtains, shew the figures 
 of a man and a woman kneeling before an altar, on which 
 is a skull with this inscription : — 
 
 Here lieth the bodey of Sir Thomas Chaloner, who was Knighted 
 
 In the warres of France by King Henry the Fourthe, a« 1591, and 
 
 After governor in the minority, and chamberlayne to the late prince 
 
 Of famous memory, Henry Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornval, 
 
 And Earle of Chester. He married to his first wife, Elizabeth, 
 
 Daughter to William Fleetwood, Serjeant at Lawe, to Q. Eliz. 
 
 * Dr. Johnson's Essay on Epitaphs. 
 
312 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 And Recorder of London, by whom he had yssue, Thomas, decea. ; 
 
 Willia; Arthur, decea. ; James, Elizabeth, decea.; Mary, wiffe 
 
 To Sir Edward Fisher, Knight; Elizabeth, and Dorothy, and 
 
 Died the 22 d of June ao 100:3, aged 35 yeares : and to his 
 
 Second wife he married Jude, the daughter of Will. Blunt, 
 
 Of London, Esquier, by whom he had also yssue, Henry, Charles, 
 
 Frederick and Arthure ; Anne, Katharine, and Francis, 
 
 And she decea. the 30th day of June, ao 1615, aged 36 yeares, 
 
 And the aforesayd Sir Tho. Chaloner, died ye 18th day 
 
 Of November, 1615, beinge of ye age of 51 yeares. 
 
 An. Dom. 1721. In gratefull remembrance of his honourable ancestor, this 
 monument was repaired at the charge of Edward Chaloner, of Gisbrough, in 
 Com. Ebor. Esqre. 
 
 Arms. — Sab. a chevron between three cherubim, or, for Chaloner of Gisbrough, 
 quartering 1 arg. a cross flory engrailed sab. between, for Cornish, choughs for 
 Ithell. 2. arg. a chevron vert between 3 wolves' heads erased arg. 3. Sab. 
 between 3 fleurs-de-lis arg. Chaloner impaling per pale nebuly az. and or, 
 6 martlets in pale, counterchanged for Fleetwood. Chaloner impaling arg. 
 2 bars, az. an escarbuncle of eight staves, for Bluut. 
 
 This Sir Thomas was the son of Sir Thomas Chaloner, 
 the elder, a very eminent person in the reign of Queen 
 Elizabeth, and he seems to have inherited a great portion 
 of his father's accomplishments. He was particularly 
 attached to the study of natural history, which led him to 
 the discovery of the first alum-mines which had been 
 known in this kingdom, and which he found near Gis- 
 brough, in Yorkshire. The method of preparing the alum 
 he is said to have brought from Italy. These mines, with 
 others that have been discovered, were afterwards seized 
 by the crown, and became so valuable, that Sir Paul 
 Pindar rented them at £4,740. per annum ; and as Fuller 
 says, did not complain of his bargain. The mines lay 
 neglected for many years, but are now worked, and the 
 produce sent both to the London market and to foreign 
 parts. Sir Thomas Chaloner wrote a Treatise on the 
 Virtues of Nitre, and " others matters (says Wood,) per- 
 taining to virtuosity, and some things as it seems to 
 Pastoral ; but whether extant I cannot tell." 
 
 Puttenham compares " Maister Chaloner for Eclogue 
 and Pastorale Poesie to Sir T. Sydney, and the gentleman 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 313 
 
 who wrote the Shepherd's Calendar, all of whom" says he, 
 " deserve the highest price."* 
 
 William, his eldest son, was created a baronet by James 
 the First, anno 1620. Edward, who was born at Chiswick, 
 entered into holy orders, and published several Sermons, 
 and a work entituled, " the Authority, Universality, and 
 Visibility of the Church," 4to. 1625. He died of the 
 plague, at Oxford. James, disgusted by the seizure of the 
 alum mines, took a very active part against Charles the 
 First, and sat on his trial. At the restoration, messengers 
 being sent to arrest him, he took poison. He was the 
 author of a short Treatise on the Isle of Man, appended 
 to King's Vale Royal, of Cheshire. Thomas signed the 
 warrant for the King's execution, which occasioned him 
 to be excepted out of the act of oblivion. He retired to 
 Holland, and died at Middleburgh, in 1661. He wrote, 
 among other things, a pretended discovery of the tomb of 
 Moses. 
 
 Fuller says, Sir Thomas Chaloner (tutor, rather gover- 
 nor, as I take it, to Prince Henry,) not long ago built a 
 spacious house within a close of Clerkenwell Priory, upon 
 the frontispiece whereof these verses were inserted, not 
 unworthy of remembrance. f 
 
 Cliast faitli still stayes beliinde, though hence be flown 
 
 Those veyled nuns, who here before did reste ; 
 For revend marriage, wedlock vows doth own, 
 
 And sacred flames keeps here in loyal brest. 
 
 Presuming that the original verse was written by the 
 younger Chaloner, we may regard it as an ingenious com- 
 pliment to his first wife, who was the daughter of Fleet- 
 wood, the celebrated recorder of London, in Queen Eliza- 
 beth's reign. The following lines inscribed on a sun-dial 
 within the precincts of the Nunnery, is ascribed to the 
 elder Chaloner. 
 
 " Non aliter pereo species quani futilis umbree." 
 
 The fleeting shade describes its day and mine, 
 For life and light by the same steps decline. 
 
 * Fuller's Worthies, Yorkshire, p. 180. Art of Poetry, p. 51. Wood's 
 Athen. Oxon. vol. i. Biog. Britan. art. Chaloner in the notes. 
 + Church Hist. Book vi. p. "278. London, 1665. 
 
314 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 On the same wall, an elegant marble monument with a 
 pyramid, and a female figure reclining on three coffins 
 under a weeping willow tree — 
 
 In a vault beneath this church 
 
 Are deposited the remains of 
 
 William M'Tavish, 
 
 Who died in his 22nd year, at Strand-on-the-Green, 
 
 On the 4th of May, 1818. 
 
 Ann M'Tavish, 
 
 Who departed this life at Bridport, on the 22nd of May, 1819, 
 
 In her 20th year. 
 
 And Mary Pasley, sister of the above, 
 
 Who died in her 22nd year, at Sidmouth, 
 
 On the 9th of June, 1819. 
 
 On a small tablet underneath the above — 
 
 Simon M'Tavish, Esq. 
 
 Fourth and last child of Simon M'Tavish, Esq. 
 
 Died at Eamsgate, 9th of October, 1828, 
 
 Aged 25 years. 
 
 Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus 
 Tarn cari capitis ? 
 
 On a handsome marble tablet surmounted with a bust — 
 
 Thomas Bentley, 
 
 Born at Scrampton, in Denbighshire, January 1st, 1730. 
 
 He married Hannah Oates, of Chesterfield, in the year 1754, 
 
 Mary Stamford, of Derby, in the year 1772, 
 
 Who survived to mourn her loss. 
 
 He died November 26th, 1780. 
 
 Blessed with an elevated and comprehensive understanding, 
 
 Informed in a variety of sciences. 
 
 He possessed 
 
 A warm and brilliant imagination, 
 
 A pure and elegant taste. 
 
 His extensive abilities 
 
 Guided by the most expanded philantrophy, 
 
 Were employed 
 
 In forming and executing plans for the public good. 
 
 He thought 
 
 With the freedom of a philosopher. 
 
 He acted 
 
 With the integrity of a virtuous citizen. 
 
 He was partner with Mr. Josiah Wedgewood in the celebrated Staffordshire 
 manufacture, and being possessed of an elegant taste, furnished man; of the 
 beautiful designs for that ware. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 315 
 
 On the south wall of the chancel — 
 
 Sacred 
 
 To the Memory of 
 
 John Thompson, Esq. who died Sept. 16, 1807, aged 68 ; 
 
 And of Judith Elizabeth, eldest daughter of the above John Thompson, who 
 
 died October, 1814, 
 
 Aged 43 years. 
 
 On the same wall is this monument, curious for the 
 quaintness of the epitaph. On each side is a pilaster 
 formed of books, with clasps in the old manner, and 
 placed alternately with backs and front leaves outer- 
 most. The pillars support a cornice, on which is placed 
 a coat of arms between what has been once intended for 
 pine apples. In the lowest part of the monument, is 
 another coat of arms, with a scroll on each side, which 
 displays " Law will I mark, will, and walke aright." 
 
 Sibi vivens. et Mariee Uxori charissimae optase 
 
 Mortuae (ne quos vivus amor et Felix concordia 
 
 Conjunxit, mors ipsa divideret tumulo hie uxoris 
 
 C'ineres expectant viri ut quod,) vivis non licuit din 
 
 Qui unanimes fuissent semp una esse possint in 
 
 Terra usque du in coelis Deus sit omnia in omnibus 
 
 Wills. Walkerus hujus Ecclesiae Pastor indignus 
 
 Quod nollet, id volens posuit, quin sibi, quoqu 
 
 Conjugique suae secundae marthae Filiae, 
 
 Clarissimi domini D. Johannis Allot Eqvitis 
 
 aurati, et Praetoris olim Londinensis ; Deo 
 
 Annuente designat. 
 
 Maria Walker, daughter of yt venerable divine, 
 Mr. Robert Kay, who honoured his pfession and profited 
 
 Y e people of Ware in Hertfordshire with his fruitfull 
 
 preaching and holy life for above ix yeares, and ye wife of 
 
 William Walker, ye pastor of this Pish, was a singular 
 
 Sampler, of true piety, virtue, goodnes endowed wth 
 
 much beauty of body, and more of mind. She left 2 
 
 sons, Francis & Theophilus, and 4 daughters, Mary, Faith, 
 
 Anne, Elizabeth Walker. She lived beloved, and dyed 
 
 desired of all, and living daily dying, did dying come to live 
 
 eternally. She finished ye last act of her mortification 
 
 On earth by death, and entered into true life in heaven, 
 
 Feb. 21. A. D. mdcxix. 
 
 Law will I mark, will, and walk aright. 
 
316 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Arms: — Arms almost obliterated, were arg. on a chevron sab. between 3 pel- 
 lets, as many crescents of the Field for Walker quartering arg. a milrind sab. 
 and impaling arg. 2 bendlets sab. for Kay. There was also the coat of Walker 
 impaling arg. on a bend sab. between 2 pellets a demi lion rampart of the field, 
 for Allot, the name of his second wife who is mentioned in the Epitaph. 
 
 Near the preceding — 
 
 Here before lyeth buryed the body of Anne Barker, 
 
 Of Chiswick, widowe, daughter to Lawrence 
 
 Stoughton, of Stoughton, in Surry, Esq. first married 
 
 To Richard Maxey, of Salinge, in the county 
 
 Of Essex, Esq. by whom she had one sonne, and 
 
 Five daughters, and having lived his wife 
 
 And widow fifty and five years, departed 
 
 This life the fourteenth of May, in the threescore 
 
 And nineteenth year of her age, anno domini 1607. 
 
 Non violenta rapit te mors sed tempore pleno 
 
 Plena annis, meritis plenior Anna cadis 
 
 Utque annis absumpta cadis sic surgis in altum 
 
 Et vivas meritis non moritura tuis 
 
 Hie igitur placide faglix anus, ossa quiescant 
 
 Laus inter vivos mens super astra volat. 
 
 Arms : — Barker as before, impaling az. a cross engrailed erm, for Stoughton. 
 Anne Barker was daughter of Lawrence Stoughton, Esq. of the county of 
 Surry. 
 
 On the east wall of the chancel — 
 
 Here lyeth buried ye body of Thomas Barker, of Cheswyke, Esq. one 
 
 Of His Maj tes justices of ye peace for ye county of Midd* 
 
 And bencher of ye honble societie of the Middle Temple, London, sonne 
 
 Of William Barker, of Sunninge, in ye county of Barks Esq. and 
 
 Anne his wife, whose body lyeth also here bvried. 
 
 He married Marye ye daughter of Valentine Saunders, Esq. one of six 
 
 Clerks of His Majtes high court of Chancery, by whom hee 
 
 Left three sonnes and five daughters. Hee lived a faithful member of 
 
 God's church, an honour to his house and familye, a father to ye 
 
 poore, learned in his profession, beloved of his neighbors, 
 
 And full of d ayes and good workes, departed this life, and changed his 
 
 abode here for a perpetual mansion, not made with handes, 
 
 but eternal in ye heavens. Upon ye third of April in 
 
 the threescore and fyfte yeare of his age, an. dni. 1G30. 
 
 Arms : — Quarterly 1 and 4. per chevron engrailed or. and sab. a lion rampant 
 counterchanged ; 2 and 3 arg. 3 spears in pale and a chief sable ; the spears 
 headed on the chief; arg. for Barker, impaling per chevron sab. and arg. 
 3 elephants' heads erased and counterchanged for Saunders. 
 
 Thomas Barker married the daughter of Valentine Saunders, Esq. 
 

 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 317 
 
 Near the communion table on the north side, is the 
 following inscription, on an old tablet — 
 
 Here before lyetli buried ye bodies of Cbidioke Wardour, 
 
 Esqieur, who served the state in the time of the late Queen 
 
 Elizabeth of famous memory, and ye most renowned 
 
 Kinge James that now is, by the space of forty-two years 
 
 In the office of Lo Treasorers Clerke, writer of the 
 
 records of the Pelles of Introitus and exitus who 
 
 dyed ye xiiii day of September, an. dni. 1611. 
 
 And of Mary Becher, wife of the said Chidioke Wardour, 
 
 daughter unto that worthy gentleman Henry 
 
 Becher, late alderman of the famous city of London, 
 
 who dyed the 15th day of September, 1600. Which said Childioke 
 
 and Mary had issue one sonne, named Edward, 
 
 and three daughters, whereof the eldest, named Jane, 
 
 and ye youngest, named Ursula, died young, but the 
 
 second named Elizabeth, after she had bin married 
 
 by the space often years unto Sir Stephen Lestieur, Knt. 
 
 Now ambassador from ye King's Majesty unto 
 
 Mathias ye II. elected emperor of ye Komans, 
 
 By whom shee had issue two sonnes, Edward and Stephen, 
 
 who both dyed infantes. She also dyed ye first day of 
 
 April, 1606, and lyetli here buryed. 
 
 As also ye body of Edward Wardour, eldest son of Edward 
 
 ye sonne of ye said Chidioke and Mary, who dyed \ 
 
 the xith day of March, 1605. In happy memory of all which (vizt) his 
 
 father, mother, sister, and sonne, Edward Wardour, hath dedicated this 
 
 monument 
 
 this (first day of November, 1612, not doubting but) that all their souls do 
 
 rest happily 
 
 In the kingdome of heaven, where he doth assuredly hope he shall 
 
 see them face to face, 
 
 And also be made an heire of the same kingdom, through the only merites and 
 
 mercies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. 
 
 Against the north wall of the chancel on a monument 
 in the form of a pyramid with a bust in front, on a medal- 
 lion — 
 
 If talents 
 
 To make entertainment instruction 
 
 to support the credit of the stage 
 
 by just and manly action, 
 
 if to adorn society 
 
 by virtues 
 
 which would honour any rank and profession 
 
 deserved remembrance ; 
 
 let him with whom these talents 
 
 were long exerted, 
 
 to whom these virtues were well known, 
 
318 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 and by whom the loss of them will be long lamented, 
 
 hear testimony to the worth and abilities 
 
 of his departed friend. 
 
 Charles Holland 
 
 was born Mareh 12, 1733, 
 
 dy'd Dec. 7, 1709, 
 
 and was buried near this place. 
 
 D. Garrick.* 
 
 On the north wall of the chancel, on a marble tablet — 
 
 To the memory of Mr. John Forbes, A.L.S. 
 
 A botanical collector in the service of the horticultural society of London, 
 
 Who died at Senna, 
 
 On the Zambazee river, in Eastern Africa, 
 
 In the month of August, 1823, 
 
 In the 22nd year of his age. 
 
 This tablet is erected by the council of the society, 
 
 In testimony of their entire approbation of his conduct 
 
 while on their service, and of their deep regret 
 
 at the untimely death of a naturalist of so much enterprise and promise. 
 
 Over the north door of the chancel, on a plain marble 
 tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the memory 
 
 Of her Grace Charlotte, Duchess of Somerset, 
 
 Daughter to Daniel Finch, second Earl of Nottingham, 
 
 and wife to Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset, 
 
 by whom she had two daughters, 
 
 The Lady Frances, married to John, Marquis of Granby, 
 
 and Lady Charlotte to Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford. 
 
 Thus distinguished by her noble birth and connections, 
 
 She added lustre to both, 
 
 by the invariable rectitude of her conduct, 
 
 the unaffected simplicity of her manners, 
 
 the uniform practice of every virtue, 
 
 and the purity of a long and exemplary life, 
 
 on the 21st day of January, 1773, at the age of eighty years. 
 
 She expired in the arms of her family, 
 
 who had long been instructed by her precepts, 
 
 as was the world by her example. 
 
 Peace to this urn, for to its charge is given, 
 All that was mortal of a saint in heaven. 
 
 The Duchess of Somerset resided at Sutton Court. 
 
 * Mr. Charles Holland died also this year. He was a performer of consi- 
 derable talents and great attainments, and if not originally excellent, was one of 
 the best copies of excellence. — KirkmatCs Life of Macklln, vol. ii. p. 31. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 319 
 
 On the south wall of the chancel, on a marble tablet — 
 
 This tablet 
 
 Is erected by 
 
 W. S. Penderleath, Esq. 
 
 To the Memory of 
 
 Margaret, 
 
 His beloved wife, 
 
 Who died at Dover, on the 
 
 22nd day of September, 1833, 
 
 Aged 58. 
 
 And lies interred 
 
 In a vault in this church. 
 
 And now Lord what wait I for ? 
 My hope is in Thee. — Psalm xxxix. 7. 
 
 On the floor of the chancel pavement — 
 
 Here lyeth interred 
 
 The corps of Mary Bitcott, daughter of John Bitcott, Esq. 
 
 Pensioner unto our gracious Queene Elizabeth, 
 
 And wyfe unto Richard Barker, of Sunning, Esq. 
 
 And with her Jeane Barker her vth child, of whom she died in 
 
 Child bed, and at her death leaving a sonne, and daughter living, 
 
 She dyed the vnth day of November, whose soul assuredly resteth 
 
 With the Lord, and her bodie upon that sudden occasion buried 
 
 the ixth day Anno Domini m.dxcix. 
 
 Et regni Reginae Elizabeths quadragessimo primo. 
 
 Marcus Antonius La Bastide De Crosat 
 
 Obiit Quarto Martii, 1704. 
 
 This gentleman was secretary to the Marquis Rovigny, ambassador from the 
 
 King of France to Oliver Cromwell.* 
 
 The following inscription is near the church-rails — 
 
 Here lyeth interred the body of Mr. Thomas Elborrow, late Vicar of Chis- 
 wick. He departed this life the seventh of April, 1675, aged fifty-four years. 
 
 Having thus described the monuments within this 
 ancient and beautiful chancel, we now enter the nave or 
 body of the church. The word nave or naf is Saxon, and 
 signifies properly the middle of a wheel, and is thence 
 transferred to signify the body or middle of the church. 
 
 * See Bowack's Antiquities of Middlesex, p. 25, London, 1705. 
 
3£Q HISTORY OF CHTSWTCK. 
 
 The two following inscriptions arc mentioned by Weever. 
 
 ©rate pro mxinm /ttat?)tl&ig g>alb)cgne uxovte 
 &icl)aviJt Salbcgne JWiUtts ®f)isauser 3EccU 
 que o6* 1432. 
 
 In the middle aisle on a very old brass plate, now in 
 the hands of the churchwardens ; the impression of which 
 is visible upon an old stone, to which it belonged, is the 
 following inscription : — 
 
 Htfc lacet aHiUtug 25orOaU ^rtndpalis 
 YTimii fwjug talk tt funitatur campanilte 
 efusft* ®ut ofiu't xvto.&f* mtm. ©ctoft anno* 
 Wnu mccccxxxv. cujug ale piopctietur ©ens* 
 
 Weever has the following passage when speaking of 
 inscribed grave stones in church pavements. " Many 
 monuments are covered with seats or pews, made high 
 or easie for parishioners to sit or sleep in, a fashion of 
 no long continuance and worthy of reformation.! Pews, 
 however, appear to have been introduced much earlier 
 than Weever's time ; for Stow, in his account of the 
 " faire and beautiful" church of St. Andrew Undershaft, 
 which " hath beene new builded by the parishioners there, 
 since the year 1520, every man putting to his helping 
 hand, some of their purses, others with their bodies," 
 states that Stephen Jennings, some time lord mayor of 
 London, (besides erecting all the northern half) had the 
 whole of the south church glazed, and the pewes in the 
 south chappell made of his costs, as appeareth in every 
 window, and upon the said pewes. J 
 
 The Pulpit. — The ambo Avas what we now call the 
 reading desk, a place made on purpose for the reader and 
 singers, and such of the clergy as ministered in the first 
 service called Missa Cathecumenorum. It had the name 
 
 * Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 165. London. 1681. 
 
 + Fun. Mon. p. 701, Lond. 1631. % Survey of London, p. 284. Lond. 1618. 
 
Willius Bordall, Principalis Vicarii Hujus Ecclie. 
 Qui obiit Anno Domini MCCCCXXXV. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 321 
 
 of Ambo, not as Walafridus Strabo imagines, " ab ambi- 
 endo," because it surrounded them that were in it; but 
 from anabainein, because it was a place of eminency, to 
 which they went up by degrees by steps. The bishops 
 did not anciently use to preach from the Ambo, but more 
 commonly from the rising steps of the altar, as Valesius 
 shews that this custom continued in France to the time of 
 King Childebert;* and, therefore, both Socrates and 
 Sozomen seem to speak of Chrysostom's preaching in the 
 ambo as an unusual thing ; but he did so for conveniency, 
 Socrates says, that he might be the better heard by the 
 people. We cannot therefore conclude that the ambo 
 was the ordinary place of preaching, but rather the altar. 
 
 Organ — The present organ was opened on Sunday, 
 April 9th, 1797, with the Overture and Chorus from 
 " Solomon," which was sung by the celebrated Mr. 
 Braham. 
 
 Near the pulpit is a small and delicate mural monument 
 ornamented with a figure of Faith, by Westmacott, with 
 this inscription — 
 
 Near this spot are interred the bodies of 
 
 The Reverend James Trebeck, M.A. 
 
 Twenty-eight years vicar of this parish, 
 
 Who died July 1, 1808, aged 80. 
 
 And Mary his beloved wife who died December, 1, 1805. 
 
 Aged 75. 
 
 They delivered the poor that cried, and the 
 
 Fatherless, and him that had none to help him. 
 
 If there was any virtue, if there was any 
 
 Praise, they thought on these things. 
 
 On the east wall of the south aisle on a marble tablet — 
 
 Near this spot in one grave lie the remains of 
 
 Augustus E. Brande, Esq. M.D. 
 
 Born 16th December, 1746. Died 27th January, 1834. 
 
 Anne his widow, 
 
 Born 22nd October, 1753. Died 3rd July, 1837, 
 
 * Valois, Hist, de France, torn. i. p. 62. Socrat. Hist. Eccl. lib. vi. c. 5. 
 Sozomen Hist. Eccl. lib. vii. c. v. Bingham, lib. viii. c. 5. p. 4. Durand. lib. 
 iii. De Evang. p. 77. Spelman, Glos. Voc. Ambo. 
 
 Y 
 
322 HISTORY OF CTIISWICK. 
 
 And of Anna Frederica Kramer, 
 
 Bom 27th May, 1755. Died 10th March, 1836, 
 
 Many years inhabitants of this parish. 
 
 Also of Thomas Thomas, Esq. M.D. 
 
 Of Charles Street, St. James's Square, London, 
 
 Born 21st December, 1750. Died 17th November, 1838 
 
 And of Augusta, widow of Capt. Jno. Lambe, 
 
 Formerly commander of the Melville Castle, 
 
 Honble. East India Company's Service, 
 Born 3rd July, 1762. Died 27th April, 1839. 
 
 On the wall of the south aisle, a handsome marble 
 tablet is thus inscribed : — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 Simon Cock, Esquire, 
 
 Of this parish, 
 
 Endowed with talents of the highest class, 
 
 With an elevated and energetic mind, 
 
 He filled various appointments of honour and respectability ; 
 
 His opinion was frequently sought 
 
 On questions of commercial importance, and occasionally 
 
 Upon public measures under consideration of Parliament. 
 
 Attentive to the performance of all the social duties 
 
 In his comprehensive benevolence, 
 
 He was ever ready to relieve the wants, or advance the prosperity 
 
 Of all those who desired or needed his aid. 
 
 He was thus justly endeared to a large circle of friends, 
 
 Afflicted by illness of long duration 
 
 Which he bore with the utmost cheerfulness. 
 
 He departed this life on the 23rd of March, 1837, 
 
 In the 63rd year of his age. 
 
 A few of the friends of Simon Cock have erected this monument 
 
 To record their sense of his public and private worth. 
 
 " Be vigilant." Peter, 5th ch. 8th v. 
 
 On a small tablet adjoining — 
 
 In a vault under this church, lies the body of Charles Whittingham, late of 
 this parish, Printer; who attained considerable eminence in his art, parti- 
 cularly in the printing of wood engravings. He was born at Calledon, in the 
 county of Harwick, 16th of June, 1767, and died at Chiswick, 15th January, 
 1840, aged 73 years. 
 
 In the same vault lies buried Mary, wife of the above ; also, Rebecca 
 Whittingham, his sister. 
 

 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 323 
 
 On a tablet is thus inscribed near the preceding — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 Henry Robins, Esq. of the Great Piazza, Covent Garden, London, 
 
 Who departed this life the 15th of September, 1821, aged 68 years, 
 
 Whose mortal remains are deposited in a vault beneath this tablet. 
 
 Also, of Ann his wife, who died July 2, 1820, aged 74 years. 
 
 Also, of James their son, who died January 19th, 1815, 
 
 In the 33rd year of his age. 
 
 In the vault beneath are deposited the mortal remains of 
 
 Tabitha, wife of Mr. George Robins, of Covent Garden, and 
 
 Turnham Green, who departed this life the 19th of December, 1828, aged 51. 
 
 By nature grac'd, by smiling fortune deckt 
 With all that conquers love and wins respect; 
 An honoured friend, a dear and cherished wife, 
 
 Blest as a poet's vision seemed thy life; 
 But, when disease had dimmed that radiant eye, 
 
 When closed was that long lingering agony ; 
 
 A nobler blessing crowned thy parting breath, 
 
 The holy triumph of a Christian's death. 
 
 On an adjoining tablet — 
 
 Beneath in a vault 
 Lieth the body of Miss Grace Maria Robins, 
 
 Daughter of Henry and Ann Robins, 
 Who died September 15, 1796, aged 16 years. 
 
 Whose lovely form by studious care refined, 
 Contained that precious pearl, an upright mind : 
 Her parent's hope, but righteous providence 
 They trust, for better life, soon took her hence. 
 
 Also, the body of her sister, 
 
 Miss Catherine Robins, 
 
 Who died Feb. 20th, 1802, aged 19 years. 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory 
 
 Of Mrs. Elizabeth Pratt, of Little Sutton, 
 
 Whose remains lie near this place, 
 
 Died the 28th April, 1806, 
 
 Aged 82 years. 
 
 Thy will be done. 
 Y 2 
 
HISTORY OF CHIS WICK, 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 Near this place 
 
 are 
 
 Deposited the remains of 
 
 Thomas King King, Esqre- and Juliana his wife, 
 
 The former died 28th April, 1800, aged 75. 
 
 The latter on the 16th of July. 1815, aged 85. 
 
 This venerable couple 
 
 Many years inhabitants of this parish, 
 
 were 
 
 Benevolent, charitable, and devout, 
 
 Kind neighbours, and sincere friends. 
 
 In the north aisle east end, a marble monument with 
 arms — 
 
 In a vault under this marble 
 
 Lie interred the remains of 
 
 The Honourable Thomas Walpole, 
 
 Secend son of Horatio, 1st Lord Walpole, 
 
 Of Wotterton, in the county of Norfolk, 
 
 Born 6th October, 1727, died 21st March, 1803. 
 
 Also, those of Ins eldest daughter, 
 
 Catherine Mary Walpole, 
 
 Born 8th July, 1756, died 2d June, 1816. 
 
 This marble is placed by order of 
 
 His youngest daughter, 
 
 Elizabeth Walpole. 
 
 A marble monument, with arms — 
 
 Near this place lies the body 
 
 Of Charles Barnwell, Esq. 
 
 Was born February 10th, 1695, 
 
 And died the 30th of May, 1739. 
 
 Arms : — Arg. a field and river proper, a stag drinking. 
 
 On the west wall, on a tablet — • 
 
 To the Memory of Mr. Robert Hawley, 
 Who died July 27th, 1800, aged 77. 
 
 If upright conduct, virtue, piety, 
 
 Affection, friendship, truth and charity, 
 
 Betoken christian faith, his acts confirm, 
 
 He liv'd in hopes, his soul may rest in peace ; 
 
 Trusting in Christ, to rise among the blest. 
 
 Also, James Masters, Nephew of the above, who died 
 July 20th, 1801, aged 46 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 825 
 
 On a square antique tablet, under the organ gallery — 
 
 Mr. William Bordall, principal vicar 
 
 Of this churche of Chiswicke, was 
 
 Founder of y e steeple of ye same. 
 
 He died ye 15the day of October, 
 
 In ye year of our Lorde mccccxxv. 
 
 both whcb appeare in tbe 
 
 Brass on his tombstone in 
 
 This church, whch monument 
 
 Of this worthy benefactor, 
 
 Being by William Walker, 
 
 His successor, happily preserved, 
 
 Is now in this stone contended to the lasting 
 
 memorie of posteritie by ye 
 
 right honorable and truly noble lorde Francis Lorde Russell, 
 
 Earle of Bedford, anno Domini M.Dc.xxxi.* 
 
 Near the preceding on a tablet — 
 
 To the Memory of 
 
 Mr. John Edwards, 
 
 Who died March 18, 1794, aged 59 years. 
 
 Also, of Mrs. Mary Edwards, aged 50 years. 
 
 Also, of Mr. John Panter, 
 
 Who died April 24, 1791, in the list year of his age. 
 
 Also, to the Memory of Mrs. Charles Bush, 
 
 Who died June 20th, 1815, aged 78 years. 
 
 North aisle, at the west end, on a tablet — 
 
 In a vault beneath this tablet 
 Are deposited the remains of 
 
 Lewis Peacock, Esq. 
 
 late of tbis parish, who died 
 
 on the 4th of August, 1828, 
 
 aged 77 years. 
 
 Also of 
 
 Elizabeth, 
 
 for 55 years the beloved 
 
 and affectionate wife of the above, 
 
 who departed this life, 
 
 on the 5th Jany. 1839, 
 
 aged 8b' years. 
 
 * Brass in Chiswick Church. — Many monuments of the dead in churches 
 in and about this city of London, as also as in some places in the country, are 
 covered with seats or pews made high and easy for the parishioners to sit or 
 sleep in, a fashion of no long continuance and worthy of reformation — 
 Weevcrs Fun. Monuments, p. 701. 
 
HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 On a neat plain marble tablet- 
 
 BENEATH IN A VAULT 
 
 ARE DEPOSITED THE REMAINS OF 
 
 JOHN SICH, ESQ. 
 
 FOR MORE THAN SIXTY YEARS 
 
 AN INHABITANT OF THIS PARISH. 
 
 HE DIED 24th JANUARY, 1836, AGED 84 YEARS. 
 
 ALSO OF ANNE HIS WIFE, 
 
 WHO DIED 22nd MARCH, 1824, AGED 09 YEARS ; 
 
 LIKEWISE OF HARRIOT SICH, THEIR DAUGHTER, 
 
 WHO DIED 28th JANUARY, 1830, AGED 47 YEARS. 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 A sacred tribute of parental affection 
 
 to the beloved memory of 
 
 Robert Hay, 
 
 who departed this life 
 
 October 28, J 823, aged 24 years. 
 
 " Into thy hand I commend my spirit." 
 
 On the wall of the north side — 
 
 Here rests 
 
 In humble hope of a blessed resurrection 
 
 through the merits of his Redeemer, 
 
 The body of the Rev. Thomas Home, D.D. 
 
 formerly fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, 
 
 and for many years 
 
 Master of the Manor House School, 
 
 in this parish. 
 
 After a life of exemplary piety, 
 
 Purity, and Christian Charity. 
 
 He departed hence on the 27th January, 1824, 
 
 in the 86th year of his age, 
 
 full of faith and good works. 
 
 Also, that of his excellent consort Francis Ann Home, 
 
 who affectionately following his footsteps, 
 
 departed in the blessed hope with cheerful resignation, 
 
 Oct, 28th, 1826, in the 76th year of her age. 
 
 Near the preceding, on a marble tablet — 
 
 In a vault near this place are deposited 
 
 the remains of Anne Sharpe, late wife 
 
 of Benjamin Sharpe, of Fleet Street, Banker. 
 
 who died after a few hours illness. 
 
 May 1 111). 1819, aged 31. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 32' 
 
 This marble whilst it gratefully records the virtues of one 
 who as a wife, a mother, and a Mend, was a blessing, 
 
 to those with whom her earthly lot was united, 
 
 expresses likewise the humble, though confident hope 
 
 that her short life passed in the love of God, 
 
 and by that love, prompted to the performance 
 
 of every Christian duty, has through the merits of her Redeemer, 
 
 been changed for one of eternal happiness and glory. 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of William Francis Sharpe, 
 
 second son of the above, who died 25th April, 1828, 
 
 he possesed a superior mind far beyond his years, 
 
 with the mildest manners and most affectionate heart. 
 
 Forgive blest shade, the tributary tear 
 
 That mourns thy exile from a world like this ; 
 
 Forgive the wish that would have kept thee here, 
 And staid thy progress to the realms of bliss. 
 
 In the same vault with those of his beloved wife and son 
 
 have since been interred 
 
 the remains of Benjamin Sharpe, Esq. 
 
 of Fleet Street, and Chiswick. 
 
 He departed this life after a short illness, 
 
 On the 12th of February, 1838, 
 
 In the 08th year of his age. 
 
 This memorial is inscribed by his three surviving children 
 
 To whom, next to his God, his whole life was devoted. 
 
 On the east end of the north ailse on a marble tablet — 
 
 Near this place lies interred the 
 
 Body of Thomas Plukenett, 
 
 late of this parish, Gent, who 
 
 Departed this life the 1st. of November, 1721, 
 
 in the 81st year of his age. 
 
 Also the body of Mrs. Grace Plukenett, 
 
 Relict of the above Thomas Plukenett, 
 
 who departed this life the 25th day of November, 1738, 
 
 in the 88th year of her age. 
 
 Also the body of Mrs. Grace Woodroffe, 
 
 Daughter of Thomas and Grace Plukenett, 
 
 who departed this life the 31st. of September, 1743, 
 
 in the 69th year of her age. 
 
 Arms: — A bend engrailed gules, impaling az. a chevron between 3 hanks of 
 cotton arg. borne by Cotton. 
 
328 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 On the wall at the east end of the nave, on a large 
 tablet — 
 
 Mary Rachel Wade, 
 
 Born the 16th of July, 1760, died 16th of September, 1827, 
 
 Buried in a vault beneath this church. 
 
 She was the daughter of the Honorable Richard Walpole, 
 
 the third son of Lord Walpole, of Wollerton, in Norfolk, 
 
 who was the brother of Sir Robert Walpole, 
 
 Earl of Orford, K.G. Prime Minister. 
 
 She was married on the 1th January, 1798, 
 
 To the Reverend Ashton Wade, of Hardington, 
 
 lu the County of Northampton, who died and was buried there in May, 1820. 
 
 George Ashton Wade, Esq. 
 
 The 2nd son of the above, born at Hardington, 
 
 On the 4th of December, 1803, died at Bath the 1st of October, 180"), 
 
 Buried at Walcot Church in that City. 
 
 This monument is erected by the three surviving children, 
 
 Richard Henry, Caroline, and Harriett. 
 
 On the east end of this aisle — 
 
 Sacred 
 
 to the Memory of 
 
 Col. John Beckwith, 
 
 who departed this life, 
 
 October 16th, 1815, 
 
 aged 88. 
 
 Also of 
 
 Mrs. Beckwith, 
 
 who died 21st January, 1824, 
 
 aged 70. 
 
 On the north-east wall of the nave, on a large antique 
 marble tablet — 
 
 James Henry Casamajor, Esquire, 
 
 Obiit 23rd Jan. 1815, JEtat. 69, 
 
 And his mortal remains are deposited 
 
 at the foot of this tablet. 
 
 He lived long enough to exhibit 
 
 Amidst various trusts both in public and private life, 
 
 a consistent example of 
 
 probity, purity, and innocence. 
 
 Nor was he less an aimiable than a good man, 
 
 And the kindness of his heart confirmed the love 
 
 which the suavity of his manners had conciliated. 
 
 The warmth and constancy of his affections, 
 
 His care and anxiety, tenderness, and indulgence, 
 
 in the relation of husband and parent. 
 

 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. S89 
 
 are imperishable memorials of his domestic virtue, 
 
 deeply inshrined in the bosom of his family 
 
 To whom he has bequeathed 
 
 the sacred inheritance of his unspotted name, 
 
 and the example of his excellent life. 
 
 On a tablet adjoining — 
 
 Also the remains of Elizabeth Cassamajor, 
 the beloved and respected wife of the above, 
 who died on the 19th of January, A. D. 1837, aged 
 
 On a tablet adjoining 
 
 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 Mrs. Rebecca Cassamajor, widow, 
 
 who departed this life, 
 
 On the Oth of November, 1788, 
 
 aged 73 years. 
 
 At the cast end of the north aisle, on a tablet with a 
 pyramid and two urns — 
 
 Sacred 
 
 to the Memory 
 
 Of Thomas Spateman, A.M. 
 
 late vicar of this parish, 
 
 wherein he officiated 
 
 near twenty-nine years, 
 
 and with what sincerity, 
 
 With what humility, and study after peace, 
 
 is gratefully remembered in this place. 
 
 He lies interred in the new vault, 
 
 Near this place by his own direction. 
 
 Bom Augt. 1091. 
 
 Died Jany. 1701. 
 
 Arms : — Erm. on a fesse gules, between two bars gemellcs sab. 3 griffins' 
 heads erased, or. 
 
 On the floor of the north aisle — 
 
 Here rests the remains of John, son of Thomas and Ann Griffith, of Pall 
 Mall, London, who died Dec. 20, 1787, in the 23rd year of his age Mary, 
 sister of the above, died Feb. 9th, 1791, aged 17 years. The above W. Thomas 
 Griffith who is buried in the vault in the church, died March 13, 1795, in the 
 03rd year of his age. Ralph Griffiths, aged 83 years, buried Oct. 5. 18d3. 
 
330 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 In the south gallery — 
 
 In Memory of 
 
 Vere Warner, of Upwoo d, 
 
 in the county of Huntingdon, Esq. 
 
 who departed this life November 
 
 the 23rd, 1756, in the 58th year of his age* 
 
 He married December 25th, 1745, 
 
 Mary, relict of Leman Hutchins, 
 
 of Northaw, in Hertfordshire, Esq. 
 
 by whom he left no issue. 
 
 Near the preceding — 
 
 Near this place lie interred the bodyes 
 
 of Robert Kennel, Esq. of the 
 
 Parish of St. Martin's-in the-fields, 
 
 who died in the year of our Lord 1690. 
 
 Also Jane Kennell, his wife, 
 
 who dyed in the year of 
 
 our Lord 1719. 
 
 This monument is erected to their pious 
 
 Memories, at the charge of their 
 
 eldest daughter, Ann Kennell. 
 
 On the same wall — 
 
 Near this place 
 
 lyeth interred the body of 
 
 Richard Taylor, Esq. 
 
 in a vault built by him, and appropriated 
 
 to his own family, 
 
 Obiit 29 Aug. A.D. 1698, ^Etat. 73. 
 
 Also Mrs Ann Taylor, relict of 
 
 of the said Richard Taylor, 
 
 Obiit 28 Oct. 1700, iEtat. 67. 
 
 Arms : — Arg. on a chief az. 3 escallop shells, or, for Taylor, impaling a wood, 
 proper for Delbotch, impaling arg. a bend between 6 martlets sable. 
 
 At the east end of the south aisle, on a tablet — 
 
 M. s. 
 
 Johannis Tayler, arm. 
 
 Hospitii de Bridewell et Bethlem 
 
 Londini Thesaurii. 
 
 Vitss integritatem simplicem modestiam, 
 
 pietatem in parentes fidem conjugalem, 
 
 In liberos suavissima comitate conditam gravitatem, 
 
 in omnes benevolentiam, 
 
 ab hoc marmore discite superstites 
 

 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 331 
 
 Uxoreni houesta satis et antiqua gente B — 
 
 Margareta Del B — 
 
 Et ex ea duplicem utriusque sexus prolem 
 
 Reliquit Feb. 10, 
 
 An. Dni. m.dccxxix setat. lix. 
 
 Patri opt. 
 
 Johannes Filius Natu max, 
 
 P. 
 
 Arms: — Arg. on a chief az. 3 escallop shells, or, for Taylor impaling a wood, 
 proper, for Delbotch. 
 
 On the south wall over the gallery, on a tablet — 
 
 H. s. E. 
 
 Richardus Tayler, arm. 
 Qui res a Patre relictas 
 Imunis malarum artium 
 
 Satis feliciter auxit. 
 
 Nee defuit ejus interim 
 
 Larga universis pauperibus 
 
 Licet ignota manus. 
 
 Cum universum orbem 
 
 Iuvenis sapientias emptor pretiosus 
 
 Peragrasset ; latuit quietus 
 
 Honorum juxta ac Vitiorum spretor 
 
 miranda in illo viro 
 
 Hispanica firmitas 
 
 Gallica Promptitudo 
 
 Itala Sagacitas at 
 
 .Anglica benevolentia. 
 
 Annam filiam unicam reliquit 
 
 supra fidem docilem 
 
 A veneris finxit cura patris solers. 
 
 Hoc monumentum maerens posuit 
 
 Dimidio animae suae sacrum 
 
 Martha conjux superstes. 
 
 Obiit ille in Aug. 
 
 Anno Salutis humanae reparatae mdccxvi „Etatis suae lx. 
 
 Arms : — Taylor impaling azure, a chevron between 3 fleurs-de-lis, or, a canton 
 of the second. 
 
 On a tablet, on the same Avail — 
 
 Near this place 
 
 lyeth the body of 
 
 James Howard, Esq. 
 
 only son of the Honble. 
 
 Thomas Howard, brother to the Right Honble. 
 
 James, Earl of Suffolk, wbo 
 
 was interred the sixth dav 
 
oS2 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 of July, 1660, 
 
 about the 20th year of his age. 
 
 This monument is erected at 
 
 the charge of 
 
 Dame Elizabeth, Viscountess 
 
 Shannon. 
 
 Arms: — Howard quartering Warren, Fitzalan and Mowbray not blazoned. 
 
 James Howard married Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Boyle, natural 
 daughter of Charles the Second, by Lady Shannon. His only child Stuarta 
 Walbury Howard, aliened the house at Turnham-green, which had belonged 
 to her father, to Sir John Chardin. 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 Here lyes ye clay 
 
 Which the other clay 
 
 Inclos'd Sam Sevill's soul, 
 
 but now is free and unconfin'd, 
 
 she fled aud left her clog behind 
 
 Intomb'd within this mole 
 
 May ye 21, 1728, 
 In the 30 year of his age. 
 
 In the north gallery, on a tablet — 
 
 In Memory of 
 
 Colonel Ralph Winwood, 
 
 who died the 28 Dec. 1790, 
 
 aged 73 years. 
 
 Also Elizabeth, his wife, who died 0th January, 
 
 1800, aged 68 years. 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 To the Memory of 
 
 Thomas Tomkins, 
 
 Of Sermon-lane, Doctor's Commons, 
 
 whom God in his wisdom thought fit to remove 
 
 from his numerous circle of respected 
 
 and regretting friends, 
 
 upon the 5th of Sept. 1816, 
 
 aged 73 years. 
 
 His professional abilities were exceeded only 
 
 by his universal philantrophy. 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 Mary Read Pyke, 
 
 of this parish. 
 
 She died the 30 day of March, 1818, 
 
 aged 7 1 years, 
 
 and her remains are deposited iu the vault beneath. 
 

 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 333 
 
 On a tablet — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 John William Horsley, Esq. 
 
 late of this Parish, 
 
 who departed this life on the 1st of June, 1833, 
 
 aged 75 years. 
 
 and of Mary his wife, 
 
 who departed this life on the 9th of December, 1830, 
 
 aged 70 years. 
 
 The following epitaph was written by A. Murphy, Esq. 
 on John Ayton Thompson, a youth of fifteen — 
 
 If in the morn of life each winning grace, 
 The converse sweet, the mind-illumined face, 
 The lively wit that charm'd with early art, 
 And mild affections streaming from the heart ; 
 If these, loVd youth, could check the hand of fate. 
 Thy matchless worth had claim' d a longer date. 
 But thou art blest, while here we heave the sigh ; 
 Thy death is virtue wafted to the sky. 
 Yet still thy image fond affection keeps, 
 The sire remembers, and the mother weeps ; 
 Still the friend grieves, who saw thy vernal bloom, 
 And here, sad task ! inscribes it on thy tomb. 
 
 In the church, in the Earl of Burlington's vault, is 
 interred the illustrious Kent, a painter, architect, and the 
 father of modern gardening. 
 
 MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE 
 CHURCH-YARD. 
 
 On the north side of the church the following inscription 
 is on a square altar tomb with iron rails — 
 
 In a vault beneath this tomb lye buried the remains 
 
 of Nicholas Crispe, Esq. who having been many years severely 
 
 afflicted with an asthma and stone, dyed quite worn out 
 
 and weary of life, the fifth day of March, in the 60th 
 
 year of his age, A.D. 1705-li, 
 
334 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Mrs. Ann Crispe, wife of Nicholas Crispe, Esq, 
 died Feb. 0, 1731, in the 74th year of her age- 
 Lady Gough, widow of Sir Richard Gough, Bart, their 
 eldest daughter, died Dec. 31, 1731, in the 50th year of her age, 
 
 Mrs. Mary Walker, their 2nd daughter, died Oct. 4, 1760, 
 In the 72nd year of her age. In hopes of a joyful resurrection. 
 
 Against the north wall of the church, and facing the 
 above, is a mural tablet, with the arms of the Crispe's, 
 thus inscribed — 
 
 Near this place lies interred the body of Edward 
 
 Crispe, Esq. who died Augt. 12th, 1739, aet. 48. 
 
 In regard to whose memory this monument was erected. 
 
 At the north-west end of the church-yard, and on a hand- 
 some monument, secured by iron rails, is the following in- 
 scription — 
 
 This monument 
 
 is dedicated to the memory of 
 
 Philip James De Loutherbourgh, Esq. R.A. 
 
 who was born at Strasbourgh, in Alsace, Nov. 1740, 
 
 and departed this life at Hammersmith Terrace, March 11, 1812, 
 
 aged 72 years. 
 
 With talents brilliant, and supereminent as an artist, 
 
 he united the still more envied endowments of a cultivated, 
 
 enlarged, and elegant mind, 
 
 adding to both the supreme qualities of the heart, 
 
 which entitled him as a man and a Christian to the cordial 
 
 respect of the wise and good. 
 
 In him science was associated with faith, piety with liberality, 
 
 virtue with suavity of manners, 
 
 And the rational use of this world with the enobling hope of a 
 
 world to come. 
 
 A deathless fame will record his professional excellence, 
 
 but to the hand of friendship belongs the office of strewing on his 
 
 tomb those moral flowers which displayed themselves in his 
 
 life, and which rendered him estimable as a social being. 
 
 This monument was erected from a design by Sir John 
 Soane, and his epitaph was written by the late Rev. Dr. 
 Christopher Lake Moody (who was buried Dec. £9, 1805), 
 whose initials are placed under it. 
 
 Here, Loutherbourgh ! repose thy laurel' d head ; 
 While art is cherish'd thou canst ne'er be dead. 
 Salvator, Poussin, Claude, thy skill combines, 
 And beauteous nature lives in thy designs. 
 
 C.L.M. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 335 
 
 On a handsome table monument secured with iron rails 
 is the following inscription — 
 
 Sacred to the memory of the Eight Honorable George, Earl of Macartney, 
 Privy Counsellor, Knight of the Order of the Bath, &c. a nobleman endowed 
 by nature with the most extraordinary talents, which he cultivated with a 
 degree of assiduity and perseverance hardly ever equalled. The greatest part 
 of his life was devoted to public service ; he filled a variety of high and 
 important functions in different parts of the world with the most unsullied 
 honour, the strictest integrity, good credit, and advantage to his king and 
 country. His private virtues were such as to demand universal esteem and 
 admiration. His liberality and generosity were unbounded. His superior 
 knowledge, sweetness of temper, amenity of disposition, and lively entertainiug 
 conversation, rendered him the delight of his friends, and the ornament of 
 society. He was born on the 4th of June, 1737, and died on the 31st of 
 March, 1806. 
 
 We unwillingly observe, that the letters of the in- 
 scription on Lord Macartney's monument are so badly 
 cut, and the punctuation rendered so erroneous by the 
 want of judgment in the mason, that the work may in a 
 future day be adduced as a specimen of ill taste in the age 
 that produced it. 
 
 At the north-west end of the church-yard, on an altar 
 monument — 
 
 In a vault under this tomb lieth the body of Charles Holland, late of Drury 
 Lane Theatre, of whose character and abilities David Garrick, Esq. has given 
 testimony on a monument erected to his memory in the chancel of tbis church, 
 by permission of his Grace the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 John Holland, died May 19, 1764, aged 67. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah Holland, died Oct. 7, 1778. 
 
 Mr. John Holland, died March 10, 1780. 
 
 On the south side of the church-yard is the monument 
 of the celebrated William Hogarth. 
 
 On the north side of it, in basso-relievo, are the laurel 
 wreath, rest-stick, pallette with the line of beauty, pencils, 
 a book inscribed Analysis of Beauty, a mask, portfolio 
 decorated with oak-leaves and acorns, under which are 
 the following lines, by his friend Mr. Garrick — 
 
336 HISTORY OF CHTSWICK. 
 
 Farewell, great painter of mankind ! 
 
 Who reach'd the noblest point of art. 
 Whose pictured morals charm the mind, 
 
 And through the eye correct the heart. 
 
 If genius fire thee, reader, stay ; 
 
 If nature touch thee, drop a tear ; 
 If neither move thee, turn away, 
 
 For Hogarth's honour 'd dust lies here. 
 
 East side — 
 
 Here lieth the body 
 Of William Hogarth, Esq. 
 Who died October 26th, 1764, 
 Aged 67 years. 
 
 Mrs. Jane Hogarth, 
 
 Wife of William Hogarth. Esq. 
 
 Obiit 13th November, 1789, 
 
 iEtat. SO years. 
 
 South side — 
 
 Here lieth the body 
 Of Mrs. Anne Hogarth, sister 
 
 To William Hogarth, Esq. 
 
 She died August 13th, 1771, 
 
 Aged 70 years. 
 
 Also, the body of 
 
 Mary Lewis, Spinster, 
 
 Died 25th March, 1808, 
 
 Aged 88 years. 
 
 West side- 
 Here lieth the body 
 Of Dame Judith Thornhill, 
 • Relict of Sir James Thornhill, Knight, 
 Of Thornhill, in the county of Dorset. 
 She died Nov. 12, 1757, 
 Aged 84 years. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 06 i 
 
 " Time will obliterate these inscriptions, and even the 
 pyramid must crumble into dust, but Hogarth's fame is 
 engraven on tablets which shall have longer duration than 
 monumental marble."* 
 
 Arms : — On the tomb — az. a sun in splendour for Hogarth, impaling arg. 
 a chevron gules between, 3 blackbirds for Thornbill ; there is also the coat for 
 Tbornhill, imp. per fesse az. and erm, a pale counter-changed, 3 lions arg. 
 
 The following epitaph, written upon Hogarth by Dr. 
 Johnson, is printed in Mrs. Piozzi's anecdotes — 
 
 The hand of him here torpid lies 
 
 That drew the essential form of grace ; 
 Here clos'd in death th' attentive eyes. 
 
 That saw the manners in the face. 
 
 This epitaph has been much admired, but it is by no means a favourable 
 specimen of that kind of composition. The first two lines are tame and prosaic ; 
 and the word " farewell - ' is inappropriately made use of To say farewell to 
 the ashes of the dead is natural to those who look for the last time on the face 
 of one they loved; but the object of an epitaph being merely to inform the 
 reader of the great or the good man who moulder below, there is no necessity 
 for the word of leave taking. The thought in the last stanza is much better, 
 and were it not for the unreasonable request, that we should weep over the 
 spot, would be perfect. Men cannot weep that their predecessors have died ; 
 we may sigh that neither virtue nor genius can escape the common lot of 
 humanity, but no more, we cannot weep. Admiration claims no such homage, 
 and if it did, we could not pay it. — Mavkay's Thames and its Tributaries, 
 vol. i. p. 96. 
 
 On an altar monument, secured with iron rails, nearly 
 adjoining the preceding on the east, is the following in- 
 scription, written by Arthur Murphy, Esq. — 
 
 Whoe'er thou art, with silent footsteps tread 
 
 The hallow'd mould where Rose reclines his head. 
 
 Ah ! let not folly one kind tear deny, 
 
 But pensive pause where truth and honour lie. 
 
 His the gay wit that fond affection drew ; 
 
 Oft heard, and oft admir'd, yet ever new ; 
 
 * Mention is made of this monument in the following works : — Nichols's 
 Anecdotes of Hogarth, p. 345 ; Strutt's Hist, of England, vol. ii. p. 24 ; 
 John Ireland's Hogarth Illustrated, vol. ii. p. 111.; Sam. Ireland's Hogarth, 
 p. 185, and River Thames, vol. ii. p. 156 ; Lysons' Middx. ; and Boydell's 
 River Thames. 
 
 Z 
 
HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 The heart that melted at another's grief; 
 The hand in secret that bestow'd relief ; 
 Science, untinctur'd with the pride of schools, 
 And native goodness, free from formal rules ; 
 With zeal through life he toil'd in learning's cause, 
 But more, fair virtue, to promote thy laws : 
 His every action sought the noblest end ; 
 The tender husband, father, brother, friend. 
 Perhaps e'en now, from yonder realms of day, 
 To his lov'd relatives he sends a ray ; 
 Pleas'd to behold affections like his own, 
 With filial duty raise this votive stone. 
 
 On the west side is the following — 
 
 Miss Eliza Rose, who died January 10, 1802, aged 
 32 years. 
 
 Underneath, a large flag-stone is thus inscribed — 
 The entrance to Dr. Rose's vault. 
 
 Adjoining the monument of Dr. Rose on the west, on a 
 mutilated flag-stone, is this inscription — 
 
 Isabella, the affectionate wife, the faithful friend, the sensible companion, of 
 
 Kalph Griffiths. 
 
 March 25, 1764. Aged 52. 
 
 On a stone, west side of the church-yard — 
 
 To the memory of 
 
 William Sharpe, Esq. 
 
 Historical Engraver, 
 
 Member of the Imperial Academy of Vienna, 
 
 Of the Eoyal Academy of Munich, 
 
 Died July 25, 1824. 
 
 Aged 74 years. 
 
 On a head-stone — 
 
 Henry Smith, late of East Smithfield, July 22, 1787, aged 57. 
 
 Tho' Boreas' blasts and Neptune's waves 
 
 Have tost me too and fro, 
 In spite of both, by God's decree, 
 
 I harbour here below. 
 
MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. 339 
 
 Tho' now at anchor I do rest, 
 
 With many of our fleet, 
 We must one clay set sail again, 
 
 Our Saviour Christ to meet. 
 
 On a table tomb — 
 
 This tomb is erected to the Memory of 
 Alexander Brodie, Esq. 
 late of Carey Street, in the liberty of the Rolls, London, and CallcuU. in the 
 County of Salop. 
 First inventor of the register stoves and fire hearths for ships, and had the 
 honour of supplying the whole British navy with the latter, for upwards of 
 thirty years. To the preservation of many valuable lives, since their intro- 
 duction, and was a great service to government; by which, with his own 
 industry, he accumulated a large fortune. 
 
 Died 6th January, 1811, 
 
 Aged 78 years. 
 
 Mary, the wife of Alexander Brodie, Esq. 
 
 Died 13th of August, 1777, aged 32 years, 
 
 Likewise their only child, who died in its infancy. 
 
 On a large flat stone, south side of the church-yard, the 
 
 following inscription, and coat of arms — 
 
 UGO FOSCOLO 
 
 OBIIT XIV. DIE SEPTEMBRIS, 
 
 A.D. 1817, 
 
 .ETATIS 52. 
 
 Miles Corbett, Esq. 
 
 March 18— 172 1 
 
 Aged 83. 
 
 An elegant and elaborate altar tomb, erected 
 
 By Lord Burlington, to the memory of his favourite 
 
 Bricklayer. 
 
 Richard Wright, Bricklayer, 
 
 20th July, 1734, aged 62. 
 
 Mr. William Lewis, 
 
 Covent Garden, Bookseller, 
 
 Died Nov. 18, 1759, aged 74. 
 
 Requiescat in pace. 
 
 Mrs. Catherine Carpue, 
 departed this life, Feb. 16, 1797, 
 62. 
 
 z2 
 
340 HISTORY OF CHISWIGK. 
 
 Rev. John Mapletofts, M.A. 
 
 Chaplain to the Royal Hospital Bridewell, in the city of London, 1773, 
 
 aged 41. 
 
 On a head stone — 
 
 Mr. William Murfin, died 28th Bee. 1813, 
 
 aged 72. 
 On earth he truly liv'd old Adam's heir, 
 In tilling it with sweating pain and care ; 
 And by God's blessing great increase did find, 
 As serv'd to please his gracious master's mind ; 
 Till from those earthly gardens he did rise, 
 Transplanted to the upper Paradise. 
 
 On a head stone — 
 
 Mrs. Betsy Adamson, wife of Thos. Adamson, died 28th of November, 1812, 
 
 aged 42, and left a disconsolate husband and seven children to lament 
 
 her loss. 
 
 Mr. Thos. Adamson, husband of the above, died 18th Feb. 1837, aged 66. 
 
 On a stone tablet in the eastern wall facing the high road, 
 is this singular inscription — 
 
 This wall was made at the charges of the right honourable and truelie 
 pious Lorde Francis Russell, Buke of Bedford, oute of the true zeal and care 
 for the keeping of this church yard, and the wardrobe of Goddes saintes, whose 
 bodies lay therein buryed from violateing by swine and other prophanation; so 
 witnesseth William Walker, A.B. 1623. 
 
 It maybe observed that there was no Buke of Bedford of the Russell family 
 till 1694. 
 
 North wall of the vestry in the church-yard — 
 
 Sacred to the Memory of 
 
 James Fittler, Esq. R.A. 
 
 Marine Engraver 
 
 to his late Majesty George the Third, 
 
 and a Member of the Royal Academy of London, 
 
 whose mortal remains 
 
 are deposited in this vault, 
 
 Obiit Bee. 2, 1835— .Etat. 79 years. 
 
 Requiescat in Pace. 
 
 North-west corner of the church-yard, on a stone tablet — 
 
 This church yard was enlarged 
 Ay an addition of twenty-five perches of 
 
 Ground given to the parish, 
 
 By his Grace William Spencer Cavendish, 
 
 Buke of Bevonshire, E.G. 
 
 and this boundary wall built thereon 
 
 by order of Vestry, A.B. 1838. 
 
CHARITIES AM) BENEFACTIONS. 341 
 
 CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 
 
 Two acres of land in Chiswick Field, left to the poor, 
 but the benefactor and the situation of the land are 
 unknown. 
 
 This benefaction is thus recorded — * 
 
 Ceswicke. j The pore and churchwar _ 
 
 j dens of the said pishe, are 
 possessed to th use of the 
 pore of two small tente 
 
 with 11 acres of lande ^xin vm^ And ther remaynetl 
 thereunto belongyng now 
 in the tenure of Edwarde 
 Kyng and Hugh Edwyn, 
 paying yearly . 
 
 To the deane and 
 chapter of Powles 
 in quit rent . . 
 
 clere 
 
 John Morecoke gave to the 
 said pson and church- I One 
 wardens to thuse of the f Cowe. 1 the handes of 
 
 pore 
 
 Which is 
 the handi 
 and paithe yerely . ii 
 
 Henry Fryer, Esq. A.D. 1681, gave twenty-five pounds 
 per annum to the poor of this parish, payable out of 
 estates left by him to Christ's hospital. 
 
 Received by the churchwardens annually, at Christ's 
 hospital. 
 
 Henry Fryer, A.D. 1631, by his will, bearing date 
 7 Car. II. left certain estates to charitable uses, charged 
 with a specific sum of one hundred pounds per annum, to 
 be divided between the poor of the parishes of St. Botolph, 
 Alder sgate ; Harleston, in the county of Cambridge ; and 
 Chiswick. 
 
 By a decree of chancery, 28 Car. II. the estates were 
 conveyed to the lord mayor and common council of the 
 city of London, the governors of St. Thomas's, Christ's, 
 and Bridewell hospitals, in trust, charged with the sum of 
 forty pounds per annum to St. Botolph ; thirty-five pounds 
 to Harleston ; and twenty-five pounds to Chiswick. 
 
 * Chantry Roll temp. Edw. VI. Augmentation Office. 
 
342 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Thomas Barker, A.D. 1642, gave by will five pounds 
 per annum, payable out of lands, called " The Downs," 
 in this parish. 
 
 Lady Dorothy Capel, A.D. 1719, gave by will the 
 twelfth-part of the clear rental of an estate, called " Perry 
 Court Farm," in the county of Kent, to the support of the 
 charity schools. 
 
 Received by the vicar on the 23rd of May annually, at 
 Kew church. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Quaife, A.D. 1730, left four hundred pounds 
 to the poor, with which has been purchased £497 9s. 9d. 
 in three per cent, consols. 
 
 The interest of which is distributed at the discretion of 
 the vicar and churchwardens. 
 
 Trustees — Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, Rev. Thomas Home, 
 John Sich, Douglas Thompson. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Lutwyche, A.D. 1773, gave by will two 
 hundred pounds, with which was purchased £244 5s. 6d. 
 in three per cent, consols. 
 
 The interest to be given to such poor of the parish as 
 the vicar shall nominate. 
 
 Trustees — Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, Rev. Thomas Home, 
 Douglas Thompson, John Sich. 
 
 Mr. Robert Hawley, A.D. 1800, gave by will two 
 pounds per annum to the Sunday school, and one pound 
 per annum to the charity schools, being the interest of 
 one hundred pounds in three per cent, consols. 
 
 Received by the vicar, the Rev. T. F. Bowerbank. 
 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Blackshaw, A.D. 1811, gave by will 
 one hundred pounds in three per cent, consols in trust 
 for the poor ; and also one hundred pounds in the three 
 per cent, consols in trust for the support of the charity 
 schools. 
 
CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 0±0 
 
 In the same stock, and the same names, as Miss Rey- 
 nolds' legacy. 
 
 Mr. Edward Waistell, A. D. 1813, gave by will two 
 hundred pounds, with which was purchased £244. Ss. 8d. 
 in new three and half per cents, the interest to be given 
 to poor housekeepers not receiving parochial relief. 
 
 Trustees — Rev. Thomas F. Bowerbank, John Sich, 
 George Henry Matyear. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Newman, A.D. 1886, gave by will to the 
 trustees of the National Charity Schools of this parish, 
 one thousand pounds in the three and a half per cents, 
 leaving after payment of legacy duty, a sum of nine hun- 
 dred pounds stock, on condition that the trustees keep in 
 repair the grave in which he is buried, and the railing 
 thereof. 
 
 Mr. James Good, A.D. 1837, gave by will to the church- 
 wardens for the time being, two hundred and fifty pounds 
 towards the repairs and alteration of this church, which 
 sum was expended A.D. 1839, in necessary repairs and 
 painting ; and also the like sum of two hundred and fifty 
 pounds to be paid at the death of his servant, Caroline 
 Carter, for the same purpose. 
 
 Both sums were expended in repairing and painting 
 the church. 
 
 Benjamin Sharpe, Esquire, A.D. 1838, left one hun- 
 dred pounds, with which was purchased (after deducting 
 ten pounds for legacy duty) £96. 18s. Id. in three per 
 cent, reduced, to the support of the charity schools. 
 
 Mrs. Anna Maria Reynolds, A.D. 1802, gave by will, five 
 hundred pounds, with which was purchased £837. 10s. 3d. 
 in three per cent, consols, the interest to be applied to the 
 benefit of the poor. 
 
 Trustees — Rev. Thos. Frere Bowerbank, Rev. Thos. 
 Home, and John Sich. 
 
344 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 His Grace William Spencer Cavendish, duke of Devon- 
 shire, K.C. gave, A.D. 1812, the site of the Boy's National 
 Charity School, at Turnham-green, with one hundred 
 pounds towards the building thereof: and also, A.D. 
 1838, twenty-five perches of land for the enlargement of 
 the church-yard. 
 
 Six alms house at Strand-on-the-green. 
 
 Two of these houses were built by Mr. Thomas Child, 
 one by Mr. Solomon Williams, and one by William 
 Abbott, carpenter, at his own charge, for the use of the 
 poor of Chiswick for ever, 1724. 
 
 Repaired 1816. 
 
 James Willson, ) , 
 
 ixr -IT7- id r Churchwardens. 
 
 W. Wallis Bifield,J 
 
 The National Schools are situated at Turnham-green, 
 on the front of the building is this inscription — 
 
 CHISWICK 
 
 NATIONAL SCHOOLS, 
 
 ERECTED BY VOLUNTARY 
 
 CONTRIBUTIONS, 
 
 A.D. MDCCCXII. 
 
 These Charity Schools Avere originally established in 
 the year 1707, for the education of twenty-six boys and 
 twenty-five girls. The boys were formerly instructed 
 in the vestry room in Chiswich church-yard, until the 
 year 1813, when their present commodious school room 
 was built at Turnham-green. The house and grounds 
 were given by his grace the duke of Devonshire, and the 
 School of Industry and Sunday School were then attached ; 
 and by the peculiar facilities of the national system, the 
 blessings of a religious and useful education are now 
 offered to all the children of the poor in the parish. 
 
 The Boys' School Room, when first built, was about 
 forty feet by twenty-five feet. In the year 1836, it was 
 lengthened to sixty feet for the accommodation of Sunday 
 

 CHARITIES AND BENEFACTIONS. 345 
 
 Evening Service in that part of the parish, previous to 
 the building of the new church. 
 
 The present number of boys is one hundred and twenty- 
 seven, all under the age of fourteen years, their instruc- 
 tion is wholly gratuitous, and two boys and twenty girls' 
 are annually clothed by the trustees, on account of their 
 regular attendance and general good conduct. The schools 
 are supported by partial endowment, and voluntary con- 
 tributions. 
 
 The Girls' School is situated adjoining the church-yard, 
 in a commodious school room rebuilt on the site of the 
 old school. It contains one hundred and four girls, and 
 is under the management of the same trustees as the Boys 
 School. 
 
 This school was re-built in the year 1838, at the expense 
 of £330. 12s. 
 
 There is also an Infant School at Turnham-green, in 
 connexion with the above, consisting of about eighty 
 children ; it was established and superintended for many 
 years by Frederick Gibson, Esq. and his family. 
 
 Alms-Houses at Turnham-Green. — There arc four 
 alms-houses on Turnham-Green, situated opposite the 
 church ; they are repaired out of the poor's rate, and are 
 occupied by poor aged persons. 
 
346 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Town — The Mall — College-House — Manor Farm-House — Corney-House 
 — Lord Macartney — Sir Stephen Fox's House — Morton Hall — Eminent 
 Inhabitants — Population — Trade. 
 
 tK The Town, though but small/' says Bowack, " is so very 
 pleasantly situated out of the road, and free from noise, 
 dust, and hurry, that it has for many years past boasted of 
 more illustrious and noble persons, than any of its neigh- 
 bours, nor is it at present without a good number of 
 persons of great quality and wealth. The Thames taking 
 .an oblique course from Fulham to Hammersmith, but 
 gently salutes this place, and the several little islands or 
 heights so pleasantly scattered in it, considerably weakens 
 its force. The greatest number of houses are stretched along 
 by the water side from Limekiln, near Hammersmith, to the 
 church, in which dwell several small traders, but the most 
 part fishermen and watermen, who make up a considerable 
 part of the inhabitants of this town." 
 
 The Mall facing the river commands beautiful and 
 extensive views, and consists of several capital houses, 
 among which may be mentioned College-house, Walpole- 
 house and academy. 
 
 College-House. — This ancient mansion belongs to the 
 dean and chapter of Westminster, and is now in the occu- 
 pation of Mr. Whittingham as a Printing Office, whose 
 
 * Antiquities of Middlesex, folio, p. 47, London, 1705. 
 
COLLEGE-HOUSE. 847 
 
 late uncle distinguished himself as one of the best printers 
 of the age. The building is of great extent, and faces the 
 river. The interior is divided into many apartments well 
 adapted for the purposes of a large printing establishment; 
 it consists of two stories ; the walls of the cellars are of 
 great thickness, and in many parts are composed of solid 
 stone, rudely constructed many ages ago. 
 
 This ancient house had previously been occupied by 
 Madame Solieaux as a boarding school. " Near the church 
 by the Thames side, is a very ancient house, which 
 Norden calls a fair one, (Spec. Britan. p. 16.) and 
 says it belongs to Dr. Goodwin, dean of Westminster, 
 where the scholars of that school in time of any common 
 plague or sickness, as also to take ah*, used to retire. Dr. 
 Busby with some of his scholars, used frequently in summer 
 time to spend some time here ; but the building is now 
 so decayed with age, that it is unfit for such a use, and is 
 patched up into small tenements, for the poor labouring 
 people of the town. We cannot gather who was the 
 founder of this structure, or what it was designed for; 
 but upon a careful examination of it by the dimensions and 
 contrivance of it, seems to have been intended for a reli- 
 gious use."* 
 
 Mr. Ralph, a multifarious writer of the last century, 
 resided in the prebendal part of College-house, which he 
 rented of the dean and chapter of Westminster. He died 
 of the gout on the 24th of January, 1762. He was a 
 native of Philadelphia, and came to England as a literary 
 adventurer in 1725, in company with the celebrated Ben- 
 jamin Franklin. In 1728 he published a poem, entitled 
 " Night," to which Pope thus alludes in the Dunciad — 
 
 Silence, ye wolves ! while Ralph to Cynthia howls, 
 Making night hideous — answer him ye owls. 
 
 B. iii. 1. 104. 
 
 He afterwards attempted the Drama, but without success, 
 and having produced a tragedy, a comedy, an opera, and 
 
 * Antiquities of Middx fol. p. 47, London, 1705. 
 
348 
 
 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 a farce, lie took up the employment of a party writer. 
 In 1742 he published an answer to the " Memoirs of 
 Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough ;" and in 1744 appeared 
 his " History of England/' during the reigns of Charles the 
 Second, James the Second, William, &c. 2 vols, folio, which 
 is a work of great merit. 
 
 He was at length connected with the politicians and 
 literary men who were attached to the service of Frederic 
 Prince of Wales, in consequence of which, Ralph is said 
 to have become possessed of a manuscript written by the 
 prince, or under his direction, to which so much impor- 
 tance was attributed, that a gratuity or pension was offered 
 to the holder as a compensation for surrendering it. This 
 very manuscript was afterwards discovered by Dr. Rose, 
 his executor, who surrendered it without compensation. 
 
 He certainly obtained a pension after the accession of 
 his late Majesty King George the Third, but he did not 
 long enjoy it, as his death took place in January, 1762. 
 
 Besides the works mentioned, he published a treatise 
 on the " Use and Abuse of Parliaments, 2 vols. 8vo. " The 
 Case of Authors by Profession," 8vo. and several political 
 pamphlets.* 
 
 The road-way in front of the Mall has undergone repeated 
 alterations and embankments, in order to secure it from 
 the effects of the tides, by which it is frequently overflowed 
 and endangered. 
 
 The willow ait, situated in front of the Mall, consists of 
 nearly four acres of land. The Hammersmith division at 
 the eastern end is separated by a ditch cut across from 
 north to south. 
 
 The kind of oziers chiefly raised on this ait are the 
 salix vitallina, or yellow willow ; the salix amigdalhia, or 
 almond-leaved willow ; and the salix viminalis, or ozier 
 willow, with their several varieties. 
 
 There was anciently a carriage-way, which passed 
 by the Lamb public-house into the town ; it thence con- 
 
 * Biog. Dramat. Davis's Life of Ganick. 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 349 
 
 tinued easterly as a bridle-way as far as Hammersmith 
 Terrace.* 
 
 Trie house in Chiswick Lane, adjoining the chapel, was 
 for many years the residence of Dr. William Rose. 
 
 William Rose, LL.D. an eminent scholar, was the eldest 
 child of Hugh Rose, and born under the paternal roof at 
 New Mill, in the parish of Birse, Aberdeenshire, (where 
 his forefathers had long possessed some small landed pro- 
 perty,)! in the reign of George the First, about the year 
 1719 ; and was descended from an exceedingly ancient 
 and honourable family in the north of Scotland, the prin- 
 cipal branch being represented by Hugh Rose, laird of the 
 manor of Kilravock, in Morayshire. J After completing 
 
 * See Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 351, for a further discussion 
 respecting this locality. 
 
 + Long since disposed of to the Earl of Aboyne. 
 
 I The archives and charters of the lands granted by King John Baliol, in 
 1293, were destroyed at the fire of the cathedral of Elgin, in June, 1390, 
 previously to which few families in Scotland could trace their descent further 
 back. Shaw, however, in his " History of Morayshire," published at Edin- 
 burgh, in 1785, and since continued down to 1826, states, that there were 
 records still existing of twenty proprietors of the estate of Kilravock, sixteen 
 of whom were named Hugh Rose, in direct lineal succession. In this long 
 line of progenitors, the eighth Hugh (1545), appeal's to have possessed some 
 humour, as he subscribes a submission between himself and two neighbours, 
 " Hutcheon Rose, of Kilravock, an honest man ill guided between you baith ;" 
 and the second Hugh (1649), called Sonsy-sides, living at a period when 
 notions of menm and tuuni were rather indistinct, and lifting of neighbours' 
 cattle by the Highlanders still carried on, died, " good easy man," of mor- 
 tification and disappointment, at being refused reparation by his relative, 
 the Duke of Gordon, at an advanced time of life, for the plunder of himself 
 and tenants by that powerful clan. The twelfth Hugh (1687), styled the Black 
 Baron, was quite a northern Blue-beard, having married five- wives, and had 
 issue by all , thus distancing in his conjugal sympathies even the old Oxford- 
 shire Baronet, whose more moderate pace described in his epitaph — 
 
 " Though marriage by most folks be reckon'd a curse, 
 Three wives have I married for better for worse." 
 
 has been often irreverently deemed rather a dangerous and unequal venture — 
 the ladies being very apt to realize only the latter part of the contingency. 
 He was, however, also a man of ability in other ways ; being sheriff- depute of 
 Ross, and one of those named by the last Scottish parliament to represent 
 Scotland in the British parliament at the union, in 1707. During the troubles 
 of 1715, the exertions of himself and Forbes, of Culloden, aided by Lord Lovat, 
 were successful, after some contest and bloodshed, in recovering for the cause 
 
350 HISTORY OE CHISWICK. 
 
 his education at Marischal college, Aberdeen, he accom- 
 panied the earl of Dunmore, a Scottish nobleman, as his 
 
 of George I. the important town of Inverness, which had previously declared 
 in favour of the Jacobite interest. His son, the thirteenth Hugh (1732) was 
 provost of Nairn, in 1745 ; and the Duke of Cumberland having halted there 
 with his army the day before the battle of Culloden, lodged in his (town) 
 house for the night. That the worthy provost's zeal was on the winning side 
 is attested by this inscription on a porter-cup, still in the possession of the 
 family — " This cup belongs to the provost of Nairn, 1746, the year of our 
 deliverance. A bumper to the Duke of Cumberland !" 
 
 About two o'clock of the same day, an officer from Prince Charles Stuart 
 arrived at Kilravock (but a few miles' distance from Nairn), to announce that 
 it was the Prince's intention to dine at the castle. Mr. Rose and his lady 
 made the best preparation that the shortness of the time admitted for the 
 reception of so illustrious and unexpected a guest ; and in about an hour after 
 the Prince reached the castle, attended by a numerous retinue of gentlemen, 
 many of whom were French. The manners and deportment of the Prince on 
 this occasion were always described by his host and hostess as having been 
 most engaging. He asked the number of their children, and on being told 
 three sons, requested to see them, praised their looks, and kissed each of them 
 on the forehead. Having walked out with Mr. R. previous to dinner, and 
 observed several persons engaged in planting those trees which now adorn 
 the ancient family seat, he remarked, " How happy must you be, Mr. Rose, in 
 being thus peacefully engaged, when the whole country around you is in 
 a stir." 
 
 Mr. R. who was a capital performer, having taken up his violin and played 
 an Italian minuet, said to the Prince, " That, if I mistake not, is a favourite 
 of your Royal Highness." " That it is a favourite of mine, Mr. Rose, is 
 certain, but how you came to know that it is so, I am quite at a loss to guess." 
 " That, sir," replied Mr. R. " may serve to show you, that whatever people of 
 your rank do or say is sure to be remarked." " I thank you," said the Prince, 
 " for that observation." 
 
 Prince Charles, his secretary Mr. Kay, and Mr. and Mrs. Rose, dined 
 together in what is now the parlour of the old castle, while forty of the Prince's 
 attendants dined in a large hall adjoining. Between these two rooms there 
 is a short passage, in which two of the Prince's officers stood with drawn 
 swords while he was at dinner ; when the cloth was removed, Mr. R. proposed 
 to the Prince that he would allow these gentlemen to go to dine, adding, 
 " Your Royal Highness may be satisfied that you are perfectly safe in this 
 house," to which the Prince replied, " I know, sir, that I am safe here ; you 
 can desire them to go to dinner." 
 
 A large and very handsome china bowl, capable of containing as much as 
 sixteen ordinary bottles, is still preserved at the castle of Kilravock. This 
 bowl Mr. Kay greatly admired, and said that he would like to see it filled. 
 In consequence, immediately after dinner, the bowl, filled with good whiskey- 
 punch, was placed on the Prince's table. After drinking a few glasses of wine, 
 Prince Charles rose to depart, as did also Mr. Kay ; but the Prince good- 
 humouredly said, " No, no, Kay, since yon have challenged that bowl, you 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 351 
 
 tutor to England, where they proceeded to the academy 
 kept by the celebrated Dr. Doddridge, at Northampton, 
 in which establishment an intimacy, which continued 
 through life, commenced with Dr. William Farr, M.D. 
 also an inmate ; and whose elder daughter, Dr. Rose's son, 
 Samuel, afterwards married. Here, too, he met, and was 
 united to Sarah, the eldest daughter of Dr. Samuel Clark, 
 a dissenting minister of considerable repute in that town, 
 by whom he had a numerous family. After his marriage 
 he kept a boarding school at Kew, and on his removal to 
 Chiswick, conducted a very numerous academy with 
 increasing credit and success, for nearly thirty years, until 
 the period of his sudden and unexpected decease, from 
 gout in the stomach, on the 4th of July, 1786, at the age 
 of 67. Mr. Strachan, the King's printer, and alderman 
 Cadell, the opulent bookseller, being appointed his exe- 
 cutors. 
 
 must stay to see it out." Kay, however, only took a glass, aud accompanied 
 his royal master to Culloden, where they slept. 
 
 The next day, the Duke of Cumberland stopped on his march at the gate 
 of Kilravock castle, and Mx. Rose having gone out to receive him, the Duke 
 said, " So I understand you had my cousin, Charles, here yesterday." "Yes, 
 please your Royal Highness," replied Mr. R. " not having an armed force, I 
 could not prevent his visit." " You did perfectly right," said the Duke, " and 
 I entirely approve of your conduct." So saying, he rode on to Culloden 
 Moor. 
 
 The fifteenth Hugh (1772), who possessed the necessary country in-and- 
 out-a-door requisites of being a famous fiddler and superior shot, dying without 
 issue in 1782, was succeeded, after five years' litigation, in 1787, by his sister, 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Rose, who by her able and active management of the estate, 
 gave a strong proof in her own person of the injustice, as well as want of 
 gallantry, of the Salic law ; enclosures substantially fenced — lakes and farms 
 extensively drained — above 1000 acres of moor-ground planted with Scotch 
 fir and larch — considerable additions to the already valuable family library — 
 and finally, a very interesting literary correspondence with Burns, the poet, 
 are sufiicient evidences of her valuable qualities and literary attainments. 
 Dying in 1815, this amiable and excellent woman, who to her other accomplish- 
 ments united great proficiency in music, was succeeded by her son, the sixteenth 
 Hugh, who was lieutenant-colonel of the Inverness-shire militia, and after- 
 wards commanded the local militia of the county of Nairn, of which he was 
 vice-lieutenant. At this gentleman's death, his sou, the present proprietor, 
 came into possession of the estate. 
 
 Kilravock's paternal arms are or. a boar's head cooped gul. betwixt three 
 water budgets, sab. Crest, an harp az. Motto, Constant and True. 
 
352 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 
 
 * 
 
 Besides editing Dodsley's " Preceptor," containing a 
 general and complete course of education, which was pub- 
 lished in 2 vols. 8vo. in 1748, with Johnson's elaborate 
 Preface, the seventh edition, appearing in 1783, and com- 
 piling several judicious elementary works in English, 
 French, and Latin. Dr. Rose was also the author of the 
 elegant and standard translation of " Sallust," which was 
 printed with his name, in 1751. 
 
 His connection with Dr. Griffiths, whose second wife 
 (thejlrst not being very agreeably represented in Prior's 
 Life of poor Goldsmith,) was a sister of Mrs. Rose, 
 led to the establishment of the once far-famed " Monthly 
 Review;"* and whether he, Mr. Cleland, the son of the 
 " Spectator's" Will Honeycourt, but now chiefly remem- 
 bered for less creditable reasons, or Dr. Griffiths himself, 
 originally suggested the undertaking, there can be no 
 doubt that, notwithstanding his daily laborious avocations, 
 he was its earliest and most valuable supporter. His con- 
 tributions on classical subjects have been since pronounced 
 by very competent judges to afford ample proof of sound 
 and distinguished attainments. 
 
 His now established reputation and proximity to the 
 metropolis, naturally conduced to his acquaintance with 
 the principal literary characters of the day ; and Dr. Rose 
 enjoyed the proud distinction of being almost the only 
 Scotchman (q y - was Boswell himself an exception,) whom 
 Samuel Johnson really ever loved. The following from 
 Murphy's Essay on his Life and Genius, will, although 
 
 * Smollett was one of the contributors ; and his secession and establishment 
 of the rival but very inferior " Critical Review," were occasioned by an article 
 written by Mrs. Carter, pointing out that the numerous errors in his Don 
 Quixote arose from his utter ignorance of the Spanish language, and his con- 
 sequent adoption of all the blunders of the French translators. Lord Wood- 
 houselee, on the contrary, in his " Essay on Translation," whilst admitting all 
 Smollett's imperfections and disqualifications for his task, rather attributes his 
 failure to his unacknowledged adoption of Jarvis's version, which he vulgarised 
 in style, and augmented its general faults. Tbe two criticisms, however, are 
 quite compatible, Jarvis himself having a very imperfect knowledge of Spanish 
 lore. 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 353 
 
 the latter is not very clearly expressed, sufficiently attest 
 their terms of familiar intimacy. 
 
 " The late Dr. Rose, of Chiswisk, whom Johnson loved 
 and respected, contended for the pre-eminence of the 
 Scotch writers ; and Ferguson's book on Civil Society, 
 then on the eve of publication, he said, would give the 
 laurel to North Britain. i( Alas ! what can he do upon 
 that subject ?" said Johnson : "Aristotle, Polybius, Gro- 
 tius, PufFendorf, and Burlemaqui, have reaped in that 
 field before him." He will treat it said Dr. Rose, " in a 
 new manner." A new manner ! Buckinger had no hands, 
 and he wrote his name with his toes at Charing Cross, for 
 half a crown a piece ; that was a new manner of writing!" 
 Dr. Rose replied, " If that will not satisfy you, I will 
 name a writer, whom you must allow to be the first in the 
 kingdom." " Who is that?" " The earl of Bute, when 
 he wrote an order for your pension." " There sir," said 
 Johnson, " you have me in the toil : to lord Bute I must 
 allow whatever praise you may claim for him." Ingratitude 
 was no part of Johnson's character."* 
 
 " That he (Johnson) often argued for the sake of 
 triumph over his adversary, cannot be doubted. Dr. Rose, 
 of Chiswick, has been heard to tell a friend of his, who 
 thanked him for introducing him to Dr. Johnson, as he 
 had been convinced in the course of a long dispute, that 
 an opinion, which he had embraced as a settled truth, 
 was no better than a vulgar error. This being reported 
 to Johnson, " Nay," said he, " do not let him be thankful, 
 for he was right and I was wrong." Like his uncle at 
 Smithfield, Johnson in a circle of disputants, was deter- 
 mined neither to be thrown nor conquered." 
 
 * It is right, however, to say, that Boswell doubts the genuineness of the 
 latter part of this anecdote, Johnson having assured him that he had never 
 heard of Dr. E.'s rejoinder touching Lord Bute. 
 
 There is another story extant on the same subject, unnoticed by Murphy. 
 On Dr. E.'s stoutly maintaining the literary fame of his countrymeu, and 
 Johnson knocking down, with very little ceremony, Hume, Adam Smith, 
 Ferguson, Blair, and Robertson, as they were successively brought forward, 
 a pause ensued, when Johnson, looking around with an air of triumph, 
 exclaimed, " Well,, sir, any more of your northern lights ?" 
 
354 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Johnson was a frequent and familiar visitor both at Kew 
 and Chiswick ; and at the former place when once invited in 
 the summer by his host, to take a stroll in the adjacent royal 
 domain, the residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and 
 subsequently of the Princess Dowager and family, replied, 
 " No sir, I will never walk in the gardens of an usurper!"* 
 a tolerably convincing proof, though something must be 
 allowed for characteristic contradiction and strength of 
 expression, of the doctor's unabated Jacobite partialities 
 at a period when Culloden's crushing catastrophe was still 
 fresh and festering in the minds and memories of the adhe- 
 rents of the exiled family. 
 
 To the mistress of the house he does not appear to have 
 been very communicative, as after spending the day, on 
 her helping him to his usual or rather unusual number of 
 cups of tea in the afternoon, he would merely say, 
 " Madam, I am afraid that I give you a great deal of 
 trouble."! 
 
 Johnson died in December, 1784, and his friend, though 
 by ten years the younger man, only survived him eighteen 
 months. 
 
 Amongst the remarkable inhabitants of Chiswick, was 
 Dr. Rose's intimate acquaintance, James Ralph, the poli- 
 tical writer and historian, himself once a schoolmaster at 
 Philadelphia; who appears by Dodington's Diary, and 
 other records of the period, to have been long in the con- 
 fidence and service of Leicester-house* At his death, of 
 gout, at the end of January, 1762, followed in a few weeks 
 by that of his only daughter, in her eighteenth year, of the 
 
 * This anecdote, inter alia, was communicated to Mr. Croker, for insertion 
 in Lis edition of Boswell ; and, considering that Johnson's strong hereditary 
 Jacobitism was already quite notorious; and that since the death of the 
 Cardinal York, the last male descendant of the Stuarts, at Rome, in 1807, only 
 a remote interest, through a female branch, has vested in the royal family of 
 Sardinia; my readers will probably see no sufficient reason for, or possible 
 benefit from, its further suppression. 
 
 t It seems to have escaped the notice of those who recount the doctor's 
 tea-drinking exploits, that, in addition to his taking little else, the small old- 
 fashioned china cups and saucers then in use, were scarcely, if at all, larger 
 than children's tea-things of the present day. 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 355 
 
 same disease, he left all his papers to Dr. Rose, who find- 
 ing amongst them a private and bitter correspondence 
 between George the Second, and his son, Frederick, Prince 
 of Wales, immediately transmitted the original documents 
 to Lord Bute, then prime minister, neither stipulating for 
 nor receiving fee or reward: conduct, which although 
 redounding greatly to his honour, will, it is to be feared, 
 find but few imitators in the present calculating age.* 
 
 In January, 1766, the quiet village was " frighted from 
 her propriety," by the arrival of the celebrated Rousseau, 
 who took lodgings there, to be near to Dr. Rose, perhaps, 
 on the recommendation of David Hume, at whose invi- 
 tation he had repaired to this country, in consequence of 
 the outcry raised against him abroad by the publication of 
 his " Emile," " Contrat Social," and other works. f 
 
 On his approach, Dr. Rose might well have been excused 
 for apostrophising his new neighbour in the words of 
 a poet, now nearly forgotten, but then much read and 
 quoted. 
 
 * The true account of this transaction having been given in the text, it 
 seems scarcely worth while to notice a very different version in " Nichols's 
 Literary Anecdotes of the 18th Century" Whence Sylvamis Urban procured 
 his information does not appear, but the writer has every reason to believe 
 that the circumstances of the daughter (who survived her father but a few 
 weeks) receiving a pension of £150 a-year — of Dr. R. himself being largely 
 remunerated — and of his means and mode of living, hitherto very straitened, 
 having in consequence been suddenly and greatly altered for the better — 
 though confidently brought forward, are altogether without foundation. A 
 memoir of Ralph, in the Penny Cyclopedia, intimates that he was liberally 
 rewarded in his life-time for surrendering a certain (unnamed), valuable docu- 
 ment ; but this story again scarcely agrees with his leaving behind him a box 
 of these sibylline leaves — evidently regarded as a provision for a destitute 
 child — which, already much deteriorated in value by the lapse of ten years 
 since the death of his royal patron in I? 52, and the more recent decease of 
 George the Second, would have been rendered still less profitable by the 
 knowledge on the part of the government, that the most important record had 
 been, through purchase, long in their own hands. 
 
 Surely, all things considered, Mr. Ralph, as a shrewd and practised man 
 of the world, would himself have disposed of all or none of these lettres 
 mysterieitses. 
 
 t Is it possible that a Iranslation of the Heloise, published by Griffiths, in 
 1 vols, duodecimo, had anything to do with the introduction ? 
 
35(j HISTORY OF CHISWICK, 
 
 " Oil fly ! 'lis dire suspicion's mien ; 
 And meditating plagues nnseen, 
 The sorceress hither bends. 
 Behold her torch in gall imbru'd ; 
 Behold her garment drops with blood 
 Of lovers and of friends." 
 
 Akenside. 
 
 Little is now known respecting his brief sojourn, except 
 that Dr. Rose was sorely puzzled between the vehement 
 and repeated intreaties of the leading has Metis to be 
 introduced to the all -interesting stranger, and his morbid 
 horror of society, and resolute determination to maintain 
 his privacy. 
 
 The heartless and mischievous publication of Horace 
 Walpole's letter, written in the name of the King of 
 Prussia, had at once the effect of putting an end to Rous- 
 seau's residence in England, and, by filling his mind with 
 unconquerable distrust, of occasioning a furious quarrel 
 with one of his most sincere and attached friends, David 
 Hume. 
 
 This is not exactly the place to consider either his lite- 
 rary or moral character ; but, before quitting the subject, 
 it may be interesting to give a cursory glance at the 
 different shades of opinion, deliberately entertained of his 
 very mixed and inconsistent qualities by succeeding and 
 eminent writers. 
 
 Lord Byron, a somewhat kindred erratic genius, in the 
 third Canto of " Childe Harolde" thus describes him. 
 
 " Here the self-torturing sophist, wild Rousseau, 
 The apostle of affliction, he who threw 
 Enchantment over passion, and from woe 
 Wrung overwhelming eloquence, first drew 
 The breath which made him wretched ; yet he knew 
 How to make madness beautiful, and cast 
 O'er erring deeds and thoughts a heavenly hue 
 Of words, like sunbeams, dazzling as they past 
 The eyes, which o'er them shed tears feelingly and fast." 
 
 His lordship's friend Mr. Moore, on the contrary, from 
 whom an unfavourable judgment on the score, at least, of 
 strict morality, might not have been anticipated, in his 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LI D. 357 
 
 cf Rhymes on the Road," exclaims with much " virtuous 
 indignation" 
 
 " Strange power of genius that can throw 
 O'er all that's vicious, weak, and low. 
 Such magic lights, such rainbow dies, 
 As dazzle e'en the steadiest eyes. 
 
 'Tis too absurd — 'tis weakness, shame, 
 This low prostration before Fame — 
 This casting down, beneath the car 
 Of idols, whatsoe'er they are. 
 Life's purest, holiest decencies, 
 To be career'd o'er, as they please. 
 No ! let triumphant Genius have 
 All that his loftiest wish can crave. 
 If he be worshipp'd, let it be 
 
 For attributes, his noblest, first — 
 Not with that base idolatry, 
 
 Which sanctifies his last and worst. 
 
 All this my heart could dwell on here,* 
 
 But for those hateful memories near : 
 
 Those sordid truths, that cross the track 
 
 Of each sweet thought, and drive them back 
 
 Full into all the mire and strife 
 
 And vanities of that man's life ; 
 
 Who, more than all that e'er have glow'd 
 
 With Fancy's flame) and it was his 
 If ever giv'n to mortal) shew'd 
 
 What an impostor Genius is. 
 
 Out on the craft — I'd rather be 
 
 One of those hinds that round me tread. 
 With just enough of sense to see 
 
 The noon-day sun that's o'er my head. 
 Than thus with high-built genius curst, 
 
 That hath no heart for its foundation, 
 Be all at once that's brightest — worst — 
 
 Sublimest — meanest in creation !" 
 
 In adding that Sir Egerton Brydges' opinion coincides 
 with Lord Byron's, while those of Sir Walter Scott and 
 Lord Broughamf agree more nearly with that of Mr. 
 
 * Les Charmettes. 
 
 + His Lordship's comparative toleration of the peccadilloes of Rousseau's 
 great contemporary, Voltaire, brings to mind a cbaracteristic story of the 
 latter, told to the writer by a valued old friend, now no more, who was born 
 at Lausanne, in 1700 ; the patriarch having settled at Ferney, about 1758, 
 and continued to reside there for twenty years. In such a neighbourhood, of 
 course everybody must, for the nonce, be literary and theatrical ; and amongst 
 
858 HISTORY OF GHISW1CK. 
 
 Moore, it may be observed, that the verdict on Rousseau 
 will be generally rather influenced by the temperament, 
 feelings, and dispositions, than by the sober judgment of 
 such as endeavour to solve the riddle. 
 
 To return, however, to Dr. Rose, with whose family 
 Mr. Berry and his daughters, Mary and Agnes, then resi- 
 dent at College-house, were very intimate. These ladies, 
 afterwards respectively called the Tragic and Comic Musse, 
 became well known by Horace Walpolc having addressed 
 to them his amusing " Reminiscences," and by his bequest 
 of little Strawbery-hill. On their return from the Con- 
 tinent, it was reported that the elder had declined the 
 proffered hand of no less a personage than the King of 
 Sweden ; to which was "soon added that of her ancient 
 admirer, Horace Walpole himself, who, upon hearing the 
 rumour, is alleged to have written an Epigram, — the 
 point consisting in his willingness to add a Strata to 
 Berry. Miss Berry has since distinguished herself in 
 the literary world as the authoress of various elegant 
 and interesting publications ; and her converzaziones still 
 continue among the most select and attractive in the 
 metropolis. 
 
 Edward Moore, originally a linen-draper, the author 
 of " Fables for the Female Sex," the tragedy of the 
 " Gamester," two forgotten comedies, and editor of the 
 " World," a collection of periodical Essays, was also a 
 neighbour. His name was sufficiently open to the puns 
 of others ; and on one occasion, the title of the last named 
 work gave rise to a pleasantry of his own. Being regular 
 church-goers, his wife, the daughter of Hamilton, table- 
 decker to the princesses, being exceedingly anxious for 
 her good man's welfare both here and hereafter, on their 
 return remarked, that he had been unusually distrait and 
 inattentive during the service, when he replied, " Indeed, 
 
 the rest, a noted and aspiring barber, at Geneva, wrote a tragedy, which, with 
 some difficulty, the wit was induced to promise to read, and favour the author 
 with his opinion. At the time appointed, Voltaire from his study espied the 
 poor awe-struck perruquier enter the iron gates and approach up the avenue ; 
 when, throwing up the window, and the manuscript out of it, lie exclaimed, 
 " Go, curj your wig — curl your wig," and immediately disappeared. 
 
WILLIAM ROSE,, LL.D. 359 
 
 my dear, that's very odd, too, for I was thinking the whole 
 time of the next world I " 
 
 With the notice of Murphy, in consequence of his 
 friendship* with Dr. Rose, also fixing his residence at 
 Chiswick ; and of their being another large seminary kept 
 by Mr. Crawford, at the Manor-house, these desultory 
 local memoranda must be now concluded. 
 
 Mr. Henry Dundas, afterwards lord Melville, desirous 
 that his son, the present viscount, should get rid of the 
 northern accent, placed him with Dr. Rose, who subse- 
 quently recommended Mr. John Bruce, Professor of 
 Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh, to be his travelling tutor 
 during a long continental tour. This introduction led to 
 very important changes in Mr. Bruce's prospects ; as after 
 resigning his professorship, he Avas appointed historiogra- 
 pher to the East India Company, and keeper of the State 
 Paper Office. He also sat for thirty years as the repre- 
 sentative of a Cornish borough; and dying immensely 
 rich, bequeathed his wealth, in failure of his niece leaving 
 issue, to found a college at Falkland in his native country. 
 Those who remember Mr. Bruce in a later day, will, per- 
 haps, be tempted to smile at the partiality of his kind 
 friend in selecting him to impart the blessings of a pure 
 English pronunciation * 
 
 Numerous, indeed, were the literary aspirants — parti- 
 ticularly from his " ain countree," to whom advice, pro- 
 tection, and pecuniary aid were liberally extended ; and 
 Dr. Gillies, the historian of Greece, and author of several 
 other works, was amongst the many who received, but the 
 
 * A character of Dr. Rose, which appeared with the signature of H. B. in the 
 " European Magazine" for October, 1789, then edited by Isaac Reed, has 
 been attributed to Mr. Bruce, and bears handsome testimony to his friend's 
 estimable qualities. 
 
 In the obituary of the " Gentleman's Magazine," for July, 1786, Dr. R.'s 
 death is thus noticed : — 
 
 " Died at his house in Chiswick, Dr. William Rose, a gentleman well known 
 in the republic of letters, and highly esteemed for his public spirit, his friendly 
 disposition, his amiable and cheerful temper, and his universal bene\o]ence. 
 He published an edition of " Sallust," and was largely concerned in the 
 " Monthly Review." 
 
o60 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 few who ever acknowledged, very valuable assistance in 
 the outset of life. 
 
 Although a prcsbyterian, Dr. Rose was so tolerant, and 
 his mind so free from sectarian spirit, that the liberal and 
 enlightened Dr. Lowth, bishop of London, at whose table 
 he was a constant and welcome guest, suggested his con- 
 formity to the church, with the prospect of ample pro- 
 vision. The acceptance of this well intended offer, 
 however, being peculiarly obnoxious to the imputation of 
 interested motives, was, after mature consideration, respect- 
 fully declined ; although his general objections like those 
 of Watts and Doddridge, were understood to apply more 
 to the discipline, than the doctrines of the establishment. 
 
 The example, in this respect, of his brother-reviewer, the 
 learned Samuel Badcock, the real author of Dr. White's 
 Bampton Lectures, certainly afforded but little encourage- 
 ment to similar changes ; his days being embittered and 
 probably shortened by the most acrimonious controversies 
 with Priestley* and others of his quondam associates. 
 
 Bitter contest, indeed, would have ill suited the bene- 
 volent character of the subject of these scattered notices. 
 Liberal and disinterested in his disposition, open and art- 
 less in his nature, simple and unaffected in his manners, 
 (usually the accompaniment of a really superior mind,) 
 Dr. Rose's character is well described by Pope's line on Gay, 
 
 " In wit+ a man, simplicity a child." 
 
 and his cordial and hearty qualities consequently rendered 
 
 * Dr. Priestley's name recals an anecdote, putting his industry and perse- 
 verance in a strong light. Dr. Rose was rallying him on his frequent cliange 
 of religious belief, and good-humouredly enquired what precise creed he thought 
 of finally adopting, when his friend replied, " Why, sir, I have already gone 
 through the Fathers twice, and am now engaged in reading them for the third 
 time ; after which, I shall permanently make up my mind on the subject." 
 Now, considering that the works of the Fathers of the Church amount to 
 nearly 200 folio volumes, whatever may be thought of Priestley's theological 
 opinions, it is evident that they were the result of a course of laborious inves- 
 tigation, which few would be willing, or indeed able, to undergo. 
 
 + In the common acceptation of the word, " wit" was not characteristic of 
 Dr. P.. but genial humour — " the most companionable laugh," as Lord Ogleby 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 861 
 
 him as much a favourite in his intercourse with society, as his 
 kind and warm affections endeared him to his family ^circle. 
 His eldest daughter, Anne, married Mr. Foss, a respect- 
 able solicitor in London, and a descendant of archbishop 
 Tillotson ; and Sarah, the second, was united to the Rev. 
 Charles Burney, D.D.* the eminent Greek scholar, who 
 had assisted her father in his school, and belonged to 
 a family of varied celebrity. His father, Dr. Charles 
 Burney, Mus. D. published the " History of Music," 
 " A Life of Metastasio," the present state of " Music in 
 France and Italy," which was ridiculed in a humorous 
 publication, called the " Musical Travels of Joel Collier," 
 and an " Account of the Commemoration of Handel at 
 Westminster Abbey, in 1784 y" his elder brother, admiral 
 James Burney, accompanied captain Cook in his second and 
 third voyages round the world, and was the author of the 
 " History of Voyages of Discovery in the Southern Ocean ;" 
 whilst " Evelina," " Cecilia," and " Camilla," the produc- 
 tions of his sister, Frances, afterwards Mad. D'Arblay, 
 were names once familiar as household words ; and his 
 
 says of Canton — ex. gr. His son, when quite a lad, was sitting at the bottom 
 of the dinner-table at a large party at home, when, not having spoken for the 
 day, he at length in a very piano tone, ventured to ask his father the amount 
 of the revenues of the bishopric of Norwich. " Why, Sam," said Dr. R. 
 "lam not very well informed on the subject, but if you have any particular 
 views on the diocese, I will make it my business to ascertain the fact with 
 accuracy." " Sam," certainly, did notpursue his game that day, and the subject 
 was probably adjourned sine die. 
 
 * Dr. B. had a splendid library, and was also a liberal purchaser, generally, 
 of literary curiosities. Amongst his many treasures, now in the British 
 Museum, was a perfect collection of the Garrick play-bills. .The Rev. Mr. 
 Genest, of Bath, the author of the " History of the Stage, from 10GO to 1830," 
 in 10 vols. 8vo. who was devoted to the subject, had also the same series, but 
 unluckily wanting one bill, which he had never been able to procure. He 
 therefore preferred a humble request to his more fortunate brother, that he 
 might be allowed to copy the much-coveted qffiche in MS., pledging his honour 
 not to have a fac-simile printed. The Doctor, however, not too well pleased 
 to find a labourer in the same field, so close upon his heels, and still less 
 inclined to diminish the distance by removing the inequality, met the petition 
 with a prompt and vigorous refusal. 
 
 Verily, in all favourite pursuits, it is quite necessary to make ample allowance 
 for the exclusive and all-engrossing spirit of collectorship ; even when, as in 
 this instance, coupled with the most amiable and kind-hearted disposition. 
 
HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 
 
 younger sister, Sarah, the authoress of" Clarentine," " Coun- 
 try Neighbours," " Traits of Nature," &c. followed in the 
 same path with considerable, though much inferior success. 
 
 Of the descendants by these marriages, Mr. Edward 
 Foss, following his father's profession, became chairman of 
 the Incorporated Law Society, and a magistrate for the 
 county of Surrey, whilst his brother Henry is a member 
 of the well-known firm of Payne and Foss, classical book- 
 sellers, Pall Mall ; and the Rev. Charles Parr Burney, D. D. 
 is archdeacon of St. Albans, and rector of Sible Heding- 
 ham, Essex. The Rev. George Clark, nephew of Mrs. 
 Rose, and son of the late Joseph Clark, Esq. receiver 
 general for the county of Northampton,* has been for 
 nearly forty years the much respected chaplain of the 
 Royal Military Asylum at Chelsea ; and Dr. Rose's great 
 nephew, the late Rev. Hugh Rose, a very distinguished 
 scholar, was at the time of his early and lamented decease, 
 the principal of King's College, London, and his surviving 
 brother the Rev. Henry J. Rose, late fellow of St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, holds the living of Houghton Con- 
 quest, Bedfordshire. 
 
 Dr. Rose had three sons, — but, a short sketch is sub- 
 joined of the brief career of the only one who survived his 
 father ; and whose own early death was the source of deep 
 and lasting regret to his family and a large circle of attached 
 and admiring friends. 
 
 * This gentleman was a very popular and agreeable companion, and famous 
 for bis vers de sociele, charades, ban mots, &c. In early life be bad taken an 
 active part in tbe great election for Northamptonshire, in favour of the Spencer 
 interest, which he supported by numerous squibs, pasquinades, hand-bills, &c. 
 and became a great and lasting favourite at Althorpe. The contest was carried 
 on by the Earls of Spencer, Northampton, and another nobleman; and ended 
 in the ruin of one — the broken heart of a second — and something equally 
 pleasant happening to the third party. 
 
 Mr. C. however, surviv'd the fray, 
 
 And liv'd to joke another day ; 
 
 Being, certes, one of the favour'd few, 
 
 Who fcather'd his nest in the hollabolloo. 
 At this distance of time little of his pleasantry is remembered that was not of 
 merely local or passing interest; but his neat definition of tbe two very dif- 
 ferent meanings of the word " form" — " that we sit on tbe one and stand on 
 the other" — is worth preserving. 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 363 
 
 Samuel Rose, the second son of the above, was born at 
 Chiswick on the 20th June, 1767 ; and after receiving 
 the benefit of his Father's tuition, was sent in 1784 to 
 complete his education at Glasgow, and lived in the house 
 of Mr. William Richardson, a professor in the University, 
 and author of " Essays on Shakspere's Dramatic Cha- 
 racters," &c. &c. During the three winters of his residence 
 as a student, he contended for all the prizes which were 
 given, and, with a single exception, succeeded in obtaining 
 them. On leaving college, where he gained the esteem 
 of professors Young and Millar, who, with his estimable 
 domestic tutor, maintained a correspondence with him 
 through life, he for a short time attended the law courts 
 at Edinburgh, and obtaining an introduction to the 
 celebrated Adam Smith, that truly eminent man was so 
 highly pleased with his young and lively English acquaint- 
 ance, that he was constantly invited to Mr. Smith's select 
 parties during his stay in the Scotch metropolis. A per- 
 manent friendship was also formed with Mr. Mackenzie, 
 fondly termed by his partial countrymen, " the Addison 
 of the North ! " which was on several occasions personally 
 renewed in London. 
 
 Two of his brother students with whom he was very 
 intimate at Glasgow, still survive, the very distinguished 
 lawyer, Mr. George Cranstoun, late dean of Faculty, and 
 since raised to the bench by the title of lord Corehouse, 
 the early friend of Sir Walter Scott, and brother of the 
 Countess Purgstall, (somewhat unceremoniously intro- 
 duced to the public by Captain Basil Hall's Schloss Hain- 
 feldj and Mrs. Dugald Stewart; and Mr. Jaines Glass- 
 ford, a gentleman of very elegant acquirements, formerly 
 an advocate at the bar, and subsequently appointed a 
 Commissioner of Education enquiry in Ireland : both, 
 well qualified judges, remember and acknowledge with 
 melancholy satisfaction, the bright and early promise 
 exhibited by the less fortunate companion of their youth- 
 ful pursuits. 
 
 On returning to England, in consequence of his father's 
 unlooked for death, Mr. Rose, in accordance with his 
 earnest and uniform desire to be acquainted with eminent 
 
364 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 literary characters, paid a visit to Mr. Cowper, then 
 residing at Weston Underwood, near Olney. As, however, 
 the origin and progress of their most confidential and 
 affectionate intercourse, which only terminated with the 
 Poet's life, in 1800, is fully described in Mr. Hayley's 
 publication of his Life and Letters, as well as in his Sup- 
 plementary Memoir of Mr. Rose, and more briefly in 
 Southey's edition, it may be unnecessary here to say 
 more on the subject, than that Mr. Canning in a letter 
 addressed to Mr. Rose's widow, in December 1820, took 
 occasion to term him " Comperes best friend " 
 
 Choosing the law as a profession, he placed himself in 
 1787, for three years under Mr. Serjeant Praed, the eminent 
 special pleader, and afterwards chairman of the board for 
 Auditing Public Accounts. In 1790, his marriage took place 
 with Sarah, the elder daughter of Dr. Farr, who had been 
 his father's intimate friend. In 1792, appeared his improved 
 edition of" Lord Chief Baron Comyn's Reports." In 
 1796, he was called to the bar at Lincoln's-Inn, and 
 attached himself to the home circuit and Sussex sessions. 
 In 1800, he published a new edition of " Comyn's 
 Digest of the Laws of England," corrected and continued 
 to that date; and also joined his friend, Mr. Hayley in 
 assisting Gibbon's Executor, Lord Sheffield, in preparing 
 the Historian's " Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works " 
 for the press. In 1803, he edited " Dr. Goldsmith's Miscel- 
 laneous Works" in 4 volumes 8vo. and wrote the prefatory 
 Memoir ;* the particulars of the poet's early career being 
 chiefly supplied by his old literary friend and club compa- 
 nion, the venerable Dr. Percy, bishop of Dromore, then still 
 living in retirement and old asre at his diocese in Ireland. 
 
 * Mr. R.'s share in the publication was anonymous ; but he has been since 
 named as the editor of the works and author of the memoir, in the Rev. Mr 
 Carey's "Notes on Johnson's Lives of the Poets," inserted in Mr. John Scott's 
 " London Magazine," edited on his death by the now equally lamented 
 Thomas Hood. These " notes" are written with a research and critical 
 acumen not unworthy of the translator of Dante ; and, considering the cart- 
 loads of rubbish which are constantly transferred from their fitting depositaries, 
 the fashionable Magazines of the day, it is rather odd that they have not," ere 
 this, been published in a separate form ; or is it because there really are not 
 a sufficient number of congenial readers left to secure a modes! but sterling 
 little volume from proving a total loss or comparative failure ? 
 
WILLIAM ROSE, LL.D. 
 
 Connected with the proprietor by family tics, he was 
 also, like his father, a regular contributor to the " Monthly 
 Review;" chiefly, though not entirely, confining himself 
 to articles on legal subjects. 
 
 Having been much noticed by Hogarth's widow, (Sir 
 James ThornhilPs daughter,) who prior to her death in 
 1789 at the age of 80, had long resided at Chiswick, he was 
 in possession of many personal anecdotes of the painter's 
 life, character, and manners, the want of which has been 
 so much felt and regretted by Allan Cunningham and his 
 other biographers. On Hogarth's death, a Mrs. Mary 
 Lewis was employed to sell his prints in Leicester Square. 
 This person (who survived until 1808) lived a good deal 
 with Mrs. Hogarth as a companion, and after her decease, 
 resided altogether in the same house, where Mr. Rose 
 continued to be a very frequent visitor. He was conse- 
 quently engaged by Dr. Kippis,* also a Monthly Reviewer, 
 to write a Memoir of Hogarthf for the " Biographia Bri- 
 tannica;" but that work, after the publication of five 
 volumes in folio, stopping at the name of Fastolf, the task 
 was never executed; and probably much curious and 
 amusing matter " which the world would not willingly let 
 die," shared a too common fate in failing to be timely 
 rescued from oblivion. 
 
 Mr. Rose had in early youth suffered severely from 
 periodical head-aches. Whilst ploughing the proverbially 
 
 * Doddridge, as is well known, was an Arian, whilst Kippis, though his 
 friend and pupil, being an Unitarian, " went further," but whether he " fared 
 worse" is not equally certain. 
 
 + In which his good taste would probably have induced Mr. R. to notice 
 the mistake made in inscribing Garrick's instead of Johnson's lines on the 
 " great painter's" tomb. 
 
 Garrick's epitaph having been already inserted in this work, need not be 
 repeated here. The strain is above his usual pitch, and he probably did his 
 best ; the first stanza being measured and graceful, and the last, character- 
 istically light and easy : but when compared to the strong sense and strength 
 of expression condensed in Johnson's four lines, the difference is immense. 
 " Look on that picture, and on this." 
 
 Tbe hand of him here torpid lies, 
 
 That drew the essential form of grace ; 
 Here clos'd in death the attentive eyes, 
 That saw the manners in the face. 
 
see 
 
 HIKTOllY OF CH IS WICK. 
 
 heavy way to legal name and fortune, his mind was much 
 harassed by the pressure of anxieties incidental to the pro- 
 vision of a young family; and in the beginning of 1804, 
 his constitution, never very robust, discovered a decided 
 tendency to pulmonary consumption, of which fatal dis- 
 ease — after twelve months of severe suffering — he died on 
 the £0th December, in the 38th year of his age, a period, 
 alas ! 
 
 " too short for friendship, not for fame." 
 
 Mr. Rose largely inherited his father's intellectual and 
 social qualities and fine literary tastes. His manners were 
 polished and engaging, and his conversation animated, 
 lively, and most agreeably imbued with the knowledge 
 and spirit of the Belles Lettres. His judgment of books 
 and of the relative value of the best editions, was excel- 
 lent ; whilst his classical knowledge well qualified him to 
 join Mr. Fuseli in the revision of Cowper's translation of 
 Homer, for the press, and to undertake a new edition of Dr. 
 Rose's Sallust, to which he had intended to prefix a Memoir 
 of his father, — a duty, however, he did not live to perform, 
 but which, in his case, would have been truly " a labour 
 of love." 
 
 At the bar he was encouragingly noticed by LordKenyon; 
 and among his legal contemporaries who have since 
 attained to eminence, was intimate with Lords Tenterden 
 and Wynford, SirVicary Gibbs, Judges Park, Garrow, and 
 Gurney, Sir Samuel Toller, and Messrs. Jekyl, Robert 
 Smith, Jervis, and Adolphus. He received the appoint- 
 ment of counsel to the Duke of Kent; and was much 
 patronized by the Earl of Egremont, Lord Sheffield, and 
 Sir George Shuckburgh, celebrated for his proficiency in 
 scientific pursuits. His more general acquaintance in- 
 cluded the dramatic authors, Cumberland and Murphy, 
 and the admirable but now scarcely remembered actress, 
 Miss Pope — a worthy relic of the time and school of 
 Garrick ; the poets Cowper, Hayley, Hurdis, and Rogers ; 
 the artists West, Romney, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Paul 
 Sandby, Fuseli, and Flaxman ; the miscellaneous writers 
 
WILLIAM HOSE, LL.D. 
 
 \67 
 
 Dr. Aikin, Alexander Chalmers, and Mrs. Barbauld ; the 
 novelists Madame D'Arblay and Charlotte Smith; and 
 above all, the unrivalled scholars Professor Porson, the 
 Rev. Drs. Parr and Burney,* and Gilbert Wakefield. 
 
 Dying at his residence in Chancery Lane, he was, in 
 compliance with his oft-expressed feeling, that " where 
 the tree falls, there let it lie," interred at his parish church 
 of St. Andrew, Holborn ; and the following lines to his 
 memory were written by his friend and biographer, 
 Mr. Hayley— 
 
 " Esteem' d, adinir'd, and lost in manhood's prime — 
 But who shall question God's appointed time ? 
 Rash grief, profane not Eose's hallow' d tomb, 
 Tho' heav'n its gifts of earthly hope resume ; 
 Learning, and wit,t and eloquence, and truth, 
 The patient thought of age, the zeal of youth, 
 To man these bright endowments seem'd to claim 
 A long and rich career of legal fame. 
 But angels often from their sire impart, 
 His earthly summons to the pure in heart. 
 Friendship must weep, tho' faith with blameless pride, 
 Tells how the Christian triumph'd, as he died ; 
 Earth's dearest blessings round his heart entwin'd, 
 To God who gave them all, he all resign'd." 
 
 Mr. R. left a widow and four sons, the second of whom, 
 Captain Cowper Rose, R.E. (the poet's godson), is the 
 author of " Four Years in South Africa;" and the youngest, 
 George Edward, who died in October, 1825, at Odessa, 
 of the Crimean fever, at the early age of twenty-seven, 
 was English Professor at the Polish college of Krzemieniec, 
 on the borders of the Ukraine, in Volhynia, where he 
 
 * The second and last Lord Ashburton of his family ( Dunning' s son), when 
 discussing the comparative merits of the great scholars of the day, said that 
 " he thought Burney above par ;" and Sydney Smith's elder brother, Robert, 
 (Canning's school-fellow Bobus, and coadjutor in the " Microcosm" at Eton), 
 being asked if he didn't think Dr. Pari- the second best Greek scholar, 
 pleasantly answered, " I can't say, not having tried him." 
 
 + In this respect Mr. B. was the reverse of his father, as he certainly 
 possessed wit, but not humour. 
 
 He gave " a taste of his quality" on his return from Edinburgh, by his 
 allusion to the aboriginal state of certain conveniences of that metropolis, in 
 his mauvaisc plaisanterie, " that necessaries in England were luxuries in 
 Scotland." 
 
368 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 translated the Letters of John Sobicski, addressed to his 
 queen, during the memorable siege of Vienna by the 
 Turks, in 1683, and also made some researches in con- 
 nexion with an intended History of Poland. 
 
 Manor Farm House, situate in Chiswick-lane, is so 
 called from a survey dated 1725, when it was in the tenure 
 of lady Nevil. It belongs to the church of Westminster, 
 and contributes to the payment of the fines, it was for 
 many years inhabited by the Rev. Dr. Home as an 
 academy, who succeeded Mr. Crawfurd. 
 
 This capital mansion was built in the year 1697, by Sir 
 Stephen Fox in the Wrenean style of architecture, and in 
 imitation of the Royal Hospital at Chelsea,* towards the 
 erection of which he had contributed upwards of thirteen 
 thousand pounds. 
 
 In the angles of the staircase cieling are shields encircled 
 with oak leaves, bearing the arms of Fox, viz. — 
 
 " On a chevron 3 foxes' heads erased, on a canton a fleur-de-lis, and on the 
 leaden cistern is the date 1697, and the family crest: a fox sejant on a cap of 
 maintenance." 
 
 The riding house adjoining was one hundred feet long, 
 twenty feet wide, with eight windows in the front, and 
 the roof supported by columns. 
 
 It is at present occupied as a medical asylum, by 
 Dr. Tuke and Mr. Bell. 
 
 Corney House. — The Russel family had an ancient 
 seat in this parish, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which 
 belonged to Sir William Russel, afterwards Lord Russel 
 of Thornhagh, a distinguished military character. Stowe, 
 speaking of his heroic achievements at the battle of Lutz- 
 hen, says, " he charged so terribly, that after he had broke 
 his lance, he with his cur tie -ax so plaid his part, that the 
 enemy reported him to be a devil, and not a man, for 
 when he saw six or seven of the enemies together, thither 
 would separate their friendship. "f On the 2nd of October, 
 
 * See Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. ii. p. 197, 1829. 
 + Stow's Annals, anno 1586, p. 737, London, 10-11. 
 
CORNEY HOUSE. 369 
 
 1602, the queen honoured him with a visit at Chiswick.* 
 It is probable that she had visited him the year before 
 also. " I send you," says Sir William Brown, writing to 
 Robert Sidney, " all the queen's entertainment at Chis- 
 wick, and my lord keeper's. "f 
 
 Sir William Russel's mansion descended to his only 
 son, Francis, the First Earl of Bedford, who died on the 
 eve of the civil war. 
 
 From the interest he took in the concerns of this parish, 
 it is probable that he frequently resided here. After the 
 death of his widow, Catharine, Countess of Bedford, which 
 happened in 1654, the premises at Chiswick were inherited 
 according to the custom of the manor, by her youngest 
 son, Edward, who, in the year 1659, aliened a freehold 
 messuage to William Gomeldon. 
 
 Since that time it has passed through various hands, and 
 was, in 1747, the property of the Hon. Peregrine Widd- 
 rington, who, by his will of that date, left it to his wife, 
 the Duchess of Norfolk, for life, with remainder in succes- 
 sion to his nephew, the Hon. W. Tempest Widdrington, 
 and John Townley, Esq. and their heirs. Of the latter it 
 was purchased by Sir C. W. Boughton Rouse, Bart, of 
 Rouse Linch, in the county of Worcester, who, in 1802, 
 sold it to Viscountess Bateman ; it was afterwards the 
 property of Lady Caroline Darner, subject to a lease for 
 life to the Countess Dowager of Macartney, who resided 
 there with the late Earl, at the time of his decease, in 
 April, 1806, The mansion was then called Corney House. 
 Mr. Widdrington, in 1745, purchased certain tenements 
 and a piece of land, called Corney Houses and Corney 
 Close, adjoining to his own premises, which probably were 
 the same houses and land which James Russel, youngest 
 son of Edward, held in 1670, some time after the alien- 
 ation of the mansion above mentioned. The premises 
 were much improved by Mr. Townley, who surrounded 
 the whole with a brick wall, and built a handsome lodge. 
 
 * Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, 1601, p. 21. 
 + Sydney Papers, vol. ii. p. 231. 
 
370 HISTORY OF (IIISWICK. 
 
 A house situated opposite the top of the road leading 
 down to Corney House, called the " Turret House," was 
 sold to Mr. Cock, -the gardener, in 1804, by Sir Rouse 
 Boughton, Bart.* 
 
 Corney House was pulled down in the year 1882, and the 
 premises are now the property of his grace the Duke of 
 Devonshire, f 
 
 George, earl of Macartney was the only remaining son 
 of George Macartney, and the only male descendant of 
 his great grandfather, George Macartney, who removing 
 into Ireland in the year 1649, settled near Belfast, in the 
 county of Antrim, where he acquired a large estate. This 
 ancestor of the earl was a captain of horse, surveyor general 
 of the province of Ulster, and in the year 1688, at the 
 head of his troop, proclaimed King William and Queen 
 Mary at Belfast, for which he was soon after obliged to 
 fly into England, and was attainted in King James's par- 
 liament, held at Dublin in 1689 ; but being restored on 
 the settlement of Ireland, he returned, where he soon 
 after died. He constituted his wife executrix of his sons 
 Chichester and George, from the latter of whom was 
 descended the late earl of Macartney. 
 
 He was born the 14th of May, 1787, at the family man- 
 sion of Lissanoure. It may be sufficient to observe with 
 regard to young Macartney, that at an early period of 
 life he was under the tuition of a clever and ingenious 
 clergyman of the name of Dennis, for whom his lordship 
 always preserved a sincere attachment. At the age of 
 thirteen he was admitted a fellow commoner of Trinity 
 college, in the university of Dublin, and proceeded master 
 of arts there in 1759. From Dublin he came to London, 
 and was entered of the Societjr of the Middle Temple, 
 where he formed an intimacy with Mr. Burke, and many 
 other eminent characters. 
 
 In the year 1764, Mr. Macartney was appointed envoy 
 extraordinary to the Empress of Russia, and on this occa- 
 
 * Lysons' Middx. MSS. Additions, Brit. Mus. 
 
 + Corney is supposed with great probability to be a corruption of the word 
 thornhagh, a name belonging to the Russel family as earl; as the time of Queen 
 Elizabeth. 
 
GEORGE VISCOUNT MACARTNEY. 371 
 
 sion he received the honour of knighthood, on the first of 
 February, 1768. Sir George Macartney was married to 
 the right honourable lady Jane Stuart, second daughter 
 of John earl of Bute, and in the month of April following, 
 he was chosen one of the representatives of the borough 
 of Cockermouth, in the parliament of Great Britain. 
 
 On the first of January, 1769, he was appointed chief 
 secretary of Ireland. 
 
 In the month of October, 1774, he was chosen member 
 of the British parliament, and in December, 1775, was 
 appointed captain-general and governor-in-chief of the 
 islands of Grenada, the Grenadines, and Tabago. On the 
 10th of June, 1776, his Majesty was pleased to advance 
 him to the peerage of Ireland, by the title of lord 
 Macartney, baron of Lissanoure, in the county of Antrim. 
 
 On his arrival at Grenada his first object was to restore 
 harmony in the colonial legislature, his measures gave 
 general satisfation, and the colony flourished. Early in 
 July, 1779, the count D'Estaing appeared before the 
 island with a large fleet, and seven thousand land troops; 
 they soon effected a landing, and after a brave resistance 
 lord Macartney was under the painful necessity of surren- 
 dering at discretion to the superior and overwhelming 
 force of the enemy. 
 
 On the 2nd of May, 1792, lord Macartney received his 
 appointment of ambassador extraordinary and plenipo- 
 tentiary from the King of Great Britain to the Emperor of 
 China, and on the 28th June following, his Majesty was 
 pleased further to advance him to the title of Viscount 
 Macartney, of Dcrvock, in the county of Antrim. 
 
 On the 17th March, his lordship left the coast of China, 
 and on the 5th September, 1794, he landed at Ports- 
 mouth. 
 
 A man who had thus filled such various and eminent situ- 
 ations in the four quarters of the globe, who with the eye 
 of a statesman and a philosopher, had surveyed mankind in 
 every region and climate of the earth, and who, after a 
 long and laborious life spent in the service of his country 
 
 with an unblemished reputation, resigned it at last full of 
 
 o -„ o 
 
 <v U tZ/ 
 
372 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 years and crowned with honour, in the midst of his friends, 
 and in the bosom of his family. 
 
 His remains were deposited in the churchyard of Chis- 
 wick, according to his own desire, being near to a residence 
 which he had hired a few years before for the joint lives 
 of himself and lady Macartney, and in the improvement of 
 which he took great pleasure * 
 
 It appears by the court rolls that Sir Stephen Fox, in 
 the year 1685, purchased a copyhold estate at Chiswick, 
 on which he built a mansion, which he made his prin- 
 cipal residence after he had retired from public business. 
 King William was so pleased with it, that he is said to 
 have exclaimed to the earl of Portland, upon his first visit, 
 " this place is perfectly fine ; I could live here five days." 
 This, it seems, was his Majesty's usual expresion when he 
 was much pleased with a situation ; and he is said never 
 to have paid the same compliment to any other place in 
 England, except lord Exeter's, at Burleigh.f 
 
 Evelyn, in his Memoirs, makes frequent mention of this 
 place. 30th October, 1692. " I went with my lady Fox to 
 survey her building, and give some directions for the 
 garden at Chiswick. The architect is Mr. May, somewhat 
 heavy and thick, and not so well understood, the garden 
 much too narrow, the place without water, near the high- 
 way, and near another great house of my lord Burlington, 
 little land about it, so that I wonder at the expence, 
 but women will have their will." 
 
 " I went this morning to show my lord Chamberlayne, 
 his lady, and the duchess of Grafton, the incomparable 
 worth of Mr. Gibbons the carver ; thence to sir Stephen 
 Fox's, where we spent the day, October 23. "J 
 
 "At Sir Stephen Fox's, and was agreeing for the Coun- 
 tess of Bristol's house, at Chelsea, within £500. Nov. 8.§" 
 
 * Barrow's Memoirs of the earl of Macartney, Lond. 1807. 
 
 + Tour through England, 1738, vol. ii. p. 202. 
 
 \ Evelyn's Memoirs, vol. i. 5] 2, 513. 
 
 § This house was afterwards purchased by the duke of Beaufort, and con- 
 tinued to be the residence of that noble family till about the year 1720. It 
 was bought by Sir Hans Sloane, Bart, in 1736. — See Faulkner's Hist, o, 
 Chelsea, vol. ii. p. 133. 
 
SIR STEPHEN FOX. 
 
 3 
 
 
 Sir Stephen Fox's house was inherited by his youngest 
 son Henry, who sold it to lord Wilmington, in 1728, from 
 him it descended to James earl of Northampton, in 17-A4. 
 Charlotte Lady Ferrers was admitted to it in 1735. 
 It was sold by her husband the late marquis Townsend, 
 to the late earl of Morton, and was called Morton-hall : it 
 was purchased by the late Robert Stephenson, Esq. who 
 sold it to the late lady Mary Coke ; she was the fourth, 
 daughter of John duke of Argyle, and widow of Edward 
 lord Coke, son of the earl of Leicester. Horace Walpole 
 dedicated the ci Castle of Otranto" to this lady. 
 
 The mansion was pulled down in the year 1812, and 
 the site is now included in Chiswick House Gardens. 
 
 Sir Stephen Fox was born at Farley, in Wiltshire, on 
 the 27th May, 1627, being the second son of William 
 Fox, Esq. of that place, a gentleman of good descent and 
 considerable property. Upon his education in early 
 youth great care was bestowed, and his proficiency both 
 in learning and accomplishments soon became conspicuous, 
 and amply rewarded the diligence of his tutors. Indeed, 
 it was well for him that he did not permit the first years 
 of his life to be wasted; for he had fallen upon such evil 
 times, amid which, and long before the period when young 
 men usually embark in a profession, England had become 
 the seat of civil war. Though the family to which Stephen 
 belonged engaged zealously in the royal cause, and his 
 elder brother John fought in many battles, yet Stephen 
 himself does not appear to have buckled on the sword. 
 On the contrary, he seems to have devoted himself entirely 
 to literary pursuits. But when the issue of the battle at 
 Worcester took away their last hope from the Cavaliers, 
 he found it impossible to remain in this country any 
 longer. He fled therefore with his brother to Paris, which 
 he reached in 1650, soon after he had completed his 
 twenty -third year.* 
 
 The Fox's were well received at the court of Charles 
 the Second, as indeed their merits required that thev 
 should be, and Stephen in particular, being patronized by 
 
 * Life of Sir S. Fox, p. 21. London, 1724. 
 
374 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 Henry, lord Percy, at that time chamberlain of the house- 
 hold, was soon taken into official employment. How his 
 talents were used, and in what estimation he came to be 
 held the following extract from lord Clarendon's History 
 of the Rebellion will show. " On the removal of his 
 Majesty from Paris, the charge of governing the expences 
 of his family, and of payment of the wages of the servants, 
 and issuing all monies, as well as in journeys, as when the 
 court resided anywhere, was committed to Mr. Stephen 
 Fox, who was well qualified with languages and all other 
 parts of clerkship, honesty, and discretion, as was neces- 
 sary for such a trust; and, indeed, his great industry, 
 modesty, and prudence, did very much contribute to the 
 bringing of the family, which for so many years had been 
 under no government, into very good order, by which his 
 Majesty in the pinching straits of his condition, enjoyed 
 very much ease from the time he left Paris." 
 
 Mr. Fox received this appointment in 1652, of which he 
 discharged the duties with so much zeal and intelligence, 
 that he won the friendship, not only of his royal master, but 
 of the King's sister, the Princess of Orange. It will be 
 remembered, that this lady visited her brother at Cologne, 
 during the temporary sojourn there of the exiled court. 
 The king was then grieveously straitened in his means, of 
 which, as was his custom, he endeavoured to take away 
 the sting by treating it as a subject of merriment. Yet, 
 in no instance had the princess the slightest cause to com- 
 plain that she had been treated otherwise than became her 
 rank. She was greatly struck, perhaps affected, by the 
 circumstance ; and, after closely enquiring into the matter, 
 ascertained that all was owing to the judicious manage- 
 ment of Mr. Fox. She presented him with a valuable 
 diamond ring as a mark of her esteem, and made an 
 especial request to the king, that, when he had any urgent 
 affair to negotiate at the Plague, he Avould send Mr. Fox 
 as his representative. The consequence was, that the 
 subject of this memoir was employed on various important 
 missions, as well to the prince as to the chief men of Hol- 
 land, and he conducted himself with such address, that 
 
SIB. STEPHEN EOX. OiQ 
 
 during the continuance of the exile, supplies were from time 
 to time afforded to the king, of which the average annual 
 amount could not be less than ten thousand pounds. 
 
 The same prudence and discretion which qualified him 
 to deal with foreign courts, enabled him to maintain a 
 constant communication with the royalists at home. No 
 movement took place, no project was contrived of which 
 he was not regularly informed ; indeed, so perfect were 
 his channels of information, that he was aware of the death 
 of Oliver Cromwell, six hours before the news reached 
 Brussels, and told it to the King when his Majesty was 
 engaged in a game of tennis with the archduke Leopold 
 and Don Juan. From that time his sphere of usefulness 
 became enlarged ; indeed, he was more than once selected 
 to carry over to England, not only written despatches, for 
 these could contain little, from the detection of which mis- 
 chief would be likely to arise ; but verbal messages, such 
 as could be delivered only by a messenger, in whom 
 unbounded confidence was reposed. 
 
 " The noble historian has done me the honour to think 
 me worthy of his notice, the occasion of my unexpected 
 promotion being this :" — * 
 
 " When his Majesty was upon the dispatch of several 
 envoys to the courts of several potentates, to solicit aids, 
 not only for the support of the royal family and its indi- 
 gent followers, under their unhappy circumstances, but 
 for the recovery of his usurped kingdoms, if it should so 
 enter into the hearts of christian princes to commiserate 
 the unprecedented circumstances of a Monarch, who was 
 allied by blood and the most solemn engagement, to most 
 of the potentates of Europe, he was pleased, before the 
 departure of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Sir 
 William Godolphin for Spain, at their receiving their last 
 instructions, to ask the former where he could fix his 
 choice upon a person fit to manage the domestic cash, and 
 to do it in such a manner as the servants of inferior rank 
 might be paid their respective salaries, and the neces- 
 sary expences of the household carefully and faithfully 
 
 * Memoirs of Sir S. Fox, p. 2-*3. Clarendon's Hist. vol. i. p. -ill. 
 
376 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 defrayed. Upon which that best of ministers, without 
 any solicitation or expectation on my part, had me in their 
 thoughts, and from the goodness of his nature spoke so 
 advantageously of me to the king, that within a few days 
 after I had the honor to kiss his Majesty's hand for that 
 post; being then told by that most gracious of masters 
 that a faithful discharge of it was expected from me, not 
 only on his own account, but of those whose subsistance 
 and wages I then had the disbursement. Not that this 
 wise prince gave the least hint at the time of my admis- 
 sion into his royal presence, of the chancellor's recom- 
 mendation in my favour ; but Sir William Go dolphin, 
 many years since his Majesty's most happy restoration, let 
 me into this secret of my first public post immediately 
 under the king, to which I must in gratitude to my 
 deceased benefactor, own the rest of my subsequent pre- 
 ferment, wherewith that Prince's Royal successors have 
 been pleased to honour and distinguish me." 
 
 Mr. Fox married very early in life. He was united to 
 Elizabeth, the daughter of Mr. William Whittle, of Lan- 
 cashire, ere the necessities of the times drove him to 
 abandon his home ; and his eldest son, called after himself, 
 Stephen, was born in France. This circumstance ren- 
 dered him of course, more anxious than he might have 
 otherwise been, to secure even the prospect of a more 
 lucrative employment ; and the king, who knew both his 
 worth and his circumstances, caused him to be sworn 
 in as cofferer of the royal household, but the appoint- 
 ment was not confirmed after the restoration. Mr. Wil- 
 liam Ashburnham having produced a reversionary grant 
 from Charles the First, which could not be set aside. The 
 king granted by a special instrument, bearing date at Brus- 
 sels, the 23rd November, 1658, to Stephen Fox, Esq. 
 an honourable augmentation to his arms, viz. In a canton 
 azure, a fleur-de-lis, or. When the king had consented 
 on the invitation of the states general, to make a public 
 entry from Baden into the provinces, Mr. Fox was united 
 with Sir Edward Walker, garterjking of arms, to proceed 
 to the Hague, and to adjust all the ceremonies, in that age 
 
SIR STEPHEN FOX. Oi < 
 
 neither few nor unimportant, of his Majesty's reception 
 in the capital. 
 
 Whatever might have been the case with others, who had 
 hazarded life and sacrificed their time in the royal cause, 
 Mr. Fox had no reason to complain that his merits were 
 overlooked after Charles the Second ascended the throne. 
 He was immediately appointed to the office of first clerk 
 of the green cloth, being the most conspicuous situation 
 in the household, under the duke of Ormond, 1 lord high 
 steward. He had held this appointment but a short time, 
 when there was added to it that of paymaster to the king's 
 guards ; two regiments having been embodied in 1660 — 1, 
 in consequence of the tumults that had attended the insur- 
 rection of Vinner, and the fifth monarchy men. Xor did 
 the stream of royal bounty cease here. When the Dutch 
 war broke out it was found necessary to increase the army, 
 Mr. Fox was constituted paymaster-general of all the 
 king's land forces ; the emoluments arising from which, 
 being added to those of the first clerkship of the green 
 cloth, placed him in a state, not only of independence, but 
 of opulence. Nor could the gifts of fortune be bestowed 
 on any one who was more disposed to use them aright. 
 Mr. Fox was a liberal contributor to the fund for building 
 the College of arms, after the fire of London. He erected 
 at his own charge, the church of Farley, the vicarage of 
 which he endowed, built the church of Culford, in Suffolk; 
 new paved the body of the cathedral at Salisbury ; and 
 repaired the chancel of a church in the north part of 
 Wiltshire, merely because the rector was too poor to 
 repair it himself. 
 
 Besides these acts of benificence and piety, to him the 
 hospital at Farley ows its existence and its endowment. 
 It was completed in 1678, and comprises lodgings for six 
 old men, and as many old women, a chapel, and a residence 
 for the chaplain, who is likewise styled the warden, and 
 is supported by a rent-charge on the estate of Farley, 
 amounting to the sum of £188. Moreover, there is a 
 school attached, which was likewise established by him, 
 and in which six boys and six girls arc instructed by the 
 
378 
 
 HISTORY OF CUTS WICK. 
 
 warden ; while at Burne, in Suffolk, and at Ashby, in 
 Northamptonshire, his bounty found scope in the erection 
 of similar establishments.* 
 
 That, however, which more than all other occurrences 
 in his life seems most to demand our approbation and 
 gratitude, was the active part which he took in the com-, 
 pletion of Chelsea hospital. No matter with whom the 
 idea may have originated, whether with him, with his 
 master, or with Nell Gwynne, it is certain that but for his 
 exertions the project would have come to nothing; and 
 that he took no note of self in the whole matter, is demon- 
 strated by the fact, that he made over not less than thirteen 
 thousand pounds towards the completion of the noble 
 design, f 
 
 In 1665, on the 1st of July, he received, at the king's 
 hands, the honour of knighthood ; and on the funeral of 
 the Duke of Albemarle, April 30, 1670, he was the first 
 assistant in bearing the royal standard from Somerset 
 House to Westminster Abbey. That, as well as the duty 
 which devolved upon him of bearing, with five knights as 
 his companions, the canopy over Monk's effigy, when it 
 was removed from the car to the mausoleum in the Abbey, 
 were duties of state, which, even in the seventeenth 
 century, had their uses. 
 
 Such, however, was the political position of Sir Stephen 
 Fox from 1679 to 1685-6, when the Earl of Rochester 
 being at the head of the treasury, he withdrew for a season 
 from all public business. 
 
 When Sir Stephen Fox undertook the duties of a lord 
 of the treasurv, he requested and obtained j^crmission to 
 resign his charge as paymaster of the forces ; not, however, 
 till he had obtained that appointment for his son, Charles, 
 in conjunction with Nicholas Johnson, Esq. This occurred 
 in 1679, when Mr. Fox was little more than twenty years 
 of age ; yet the youth of this joint paymaster does not seem 
 to have told against him ; for his colleague dying within 
 three years, on him the undivided honours, and duties, 
 
 * Collins's Peerage, vol. ii. p. (>4. 
 
 t Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. ii. 05. 
 
SIR STEPHEN FOX. 879 
 
 and emoluments of the office devolved. Meanwhile his 
 father's dignities continued to be enlarged. On the 
 18th of February, 1684, just twelve days after the 
 accession of James the Second, Sir Stephen became sole 
 commissioner for the master of the horse ; and though for 
 a short time the influence of Rochester eclipsed him, that 
 cloud (perhaps the only one that ever seriously darkened 
 his horizon), soon passed away. In 1686 Rochester was 
 dismissed, and Sir Stephen Fox restored to his seat at the 
 treasury board, in company with John, Lord Belasis ; 
 Sidney, Lord Godolphin ; Henry, Lord Dover ; and Sir 
 John Ernly, chancellor of the exchequer. 
 
 Thus far we have followed the fortunes of this distin- 
 guished individual, under whose management Chelsea 
 hospital rose and flourished; throughout whose whole 
 career he appears in the light of a devoted servant of his 
 prince — a sincere and unyielding advocate of the rights of 
 the monarchy. But the hour was at hand when the personal 
 allegiance of the minister must needs be put to a test more 
 searching by far than any which had yet been applied to it. 
 
 James the Second, by his insane attacks upon the rights 
 and the liberties of his subjects, caused even the most 
 determined royalist to weigh in his own mind the relative 
 duties which he owed to the sovereign and to his posterity. 
 It was determined, by a small majority, that the claims of 
 the latter were to be preferred to those of the former ; and 
 Sir Stephen Fox, not without a severe internal struggle, 
 adopted these sentiments. 
 
 Being in parliament, in 1688, as one of the representa- 
 tives of the city of Westminster, he concurred in the votes 
 which declared the throne vacant, and that it ought to be 
 filled bv the Prince and Princess of Orange, on this sole 
 ground, " That Popery was inconsistent with the English 
 constitution ; and, therefore, that Papists should be for ever 
 excluded from the succession to the throne of these realms." 
 If even in these days we find it somewhat hard to reconcile 
 to our notions of honour and personal probity such conduct 
 in one who had enjoyed the bounty of his sovereign, we 
 cannot be surprised to learn that by the sovereign himself, 
 
380 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 and by such as adhered to his fallen fortunes, Sir Stephen 
 Fox was regarded as a monster of ingratitude. It was 
 said of him as of Marlborough, that after having obtained 
 all that he could expect from the house of Stuart, he turned 
 round, like the wolf in the fable, and bit off the hand that 
 fed him ; indeed, so indignant was the Jacobite court, that 
 in every proclamation that issued from St. Germains, of 
 which it was the object to win over partizans by the pro- 
 mise of pardon, Sir Stephen Fox was excepted by name. 
 On him, however, who doubtless had been guided through- 
 out by the stern though sometimes painful pressure of prin- 
 ciple, these proofs of rancour among his former friends 
 produced no effect. He accepted office under William 
 the Third as one of the lords commissioners of the treasury, 
 of which he continued to discharge the duties down to 
 1701 ; when, conceiving that the time had come when it 
 became him to look to another world than the present, he 
 gave up his appointment. 
 
 From his retirement at Chiswick, where he built a house, 
 he never again emerged, except to walk in procession 
 before Queen Anne, at her coronation, on the 23rd of 
 April, 1702. 
 
 Sir Stephen Fox was married a second time, July 11th, 
 1703, to Christian Hope, the daughter of the Rev. Charles 
 Hope, of Naseby, in the county of Lincoln, his first having 
 died in 1696. There was a considerable disproportion in 
 their ages, Sir Stephen being in his seventy-sixth year. 
 He had issue by her Stephen, afterwards Earl of Ilchester, 
 baptized at Chiswick, September 17, 1704 ; Henry, after- 
 wards Lord Holland, a distinguished political character in 
 the reign of George the Second, and father of Charles 
 James Fox, baptized at Chiswick, October 15, 1705; 
 Christian, his twin sister, was baptized the same day; 
 and Charlotte, afterwards married to the Hon. Edward 
 Digby, was baptized May 9th, 1707. 
 
 He sat for a brief space in that stormy parliament which 
 preceded the rebellion in 1715, and he died on the 28th 
 of October, 1716, full of honours, and in the possession of 
 all his faculties, in the 89th year of his age. Sir Stephen 
 

 SIR STEPHEN FOX. 381 
 
 Fox sat in many parliaments ; first for Salisbury, next for 
 Westminster, and last of all for Salisbury again. This 
 latter distinction, for such be accounted it, inasmuch as 
 Salisbury being close to the place of his birth, he was 
 accustomed to speak of it as his native city, was pressed 
 upon him by a circumstance which occasioned him great 
 pain ; I allude to the death of his son Charles, first the 
 paymaster-general of the forces, and ultimately vice-trea- 
 surer to King William the Third, and receiver general 
 and paymaster of the revenues in Ireland, which occurred 
 in the year IT 13. But he does not appear to have taken 
 an active part in the politics of the time. Indeed, his 
 great age, as well as the affiction which the demise of his 
 son occasioned him, rendered this impossible. 
 
 Sir Stephen Fox died as he lived, a good christian, a 
 sincere protestant, a generous and charitable man. 
 
 His will, indeed, is crowded with bequests to the needy 
 and the afflicted, and among which may be enumerated, 
 twenty pounds to the poor of St. Martin's-in-the-fields ; a 
 like sum to the poor of the chapel of Westminster ; forty 
 pounds to the poor of the parish of Chiswick ; thirty pounds 
 to the poor of Salisbury ; twenty pounds to Cricklade, 
 in Wiltshire ; ten pounds to the poor of Grinstead, 
 Plaitford, and Whaddon; eight pounds to the poor of 
 Farley, to be distributed at the discretion of his widow. 
 
 " Sir Stephen Fox's garden at Chiswick being but five 
 years standing, is brought to great perfection for the time. 
 It excells for a fail" gravel walk betwixt two yew hedges, 
 with rounds and spires of the same, all under smooth ton- 
 sure, xlt the far end of this garden are two myrtle hedges 
 that cross the garden ; they are about three feet high, and 
 covered in winter with painted board cases. The other 
 oardens are full of flowers and salleting, and the walls 
 well clad. The green-house is well built, well set, and 
 well furnished."* 
 
 Population. — The first mention of the population of 
 
 * Archseologia, vol. xii. p. 186. 
 
382 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 this place occurs in the chantry roll in the Augmentation 
 Office. 
 
 Mem. There arre of howsellyng people within this 
 Pishe the nober of cxx. 
 
 " Housling people" is a phrase of doubtful import in 
 the present day, the first word being obsolete. Shakspeare 
 it is well known, causes the ghost in Hamlet to say — 
 
 " Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother's head, 
 Of life, of crown, of Queen, at once dispatched : 
 Cut off even, in the blossom of my sin, 
 Unhoussell'd." — Act 1. Scene 1. 
 
 Average of Baptisms. Average of Burials. 
 
 1680—1689 . . 53 T % 62 T \ 
 
 1730—1739 ... 76* 108^ 
 
 1780—1784 .. 96f 116f 
 
 1784—1789 . . 104f 128* 
 
 1790—1799 .. 97 99f 
 
 1808—1807 . . 96i 93£ 
 
 Houses Inhabited 1042 
 
 Uninhabited 71 
 
 Building 61 
 
 Persons — Males 2676 
 
 Females 3135 — 5811 
 
 The return for the parish of Chiswick includes the 
 village of Turnham-green, forty-five persons in two pri- 
 vate lunatic asylums, and thirty-two persons in barges.* 
 
 The poor rates are upon an average of two shillings 
 and eight-pence in the pound. 
 
 Annual value of property assessed in 1845, £16,419. 
 
 For the parish lammas lands the duke of Devonshire pays 
 annually the sum of £107. 14s • by half yearly payments 
 in aid of the poor rates. f Two guardians are annually 
 chosen for this parish, as representatives in the Brentford 
 Poor Law Union. 
 
 It appears by the following entries in the church- 
 wardens' books, that the rates were formerly collected here 
 the same as at Brentford. 
 
 * See Population Eeturns, fol. 105, 1811. 
 
 t See the Act of Parliament relative to tbese lands, page 270. 
 
POPULATION. 
 
 383 
 
 1622. Cleared at Whitsuntide 5 
 
 Paid for making a new payre of pigeon holes 2 6 
 
 Chiswick pays the sum of £666. 16s. lOd. to the land- 
 tax, which is at the rate of one shilling and six-pence 
 upon land, and one shilling upon houses. 
 
 It appears that in the year 1715, Sir Stephen Fox, then 
 a parishioner, built at his own expence a cage, or parish 
 round-house, a pair of stocks, and a whipping post.* 
 
 1715, Oct. 12. The Honourable Sir Stephen Fox, his bill for 
 Carpenter's work, by Thomas Board. 
 
 For building a round house, and a pair of stocks <£ll 13 
 
 To iron work done to the round house and stocks, by 
 
 Thomas Kirtonf 1 19 6 
 
 The trade of the town is of small import, and the inns 
 arc few. The principal are the Burlington Arms, the 
 Lamb, the George, and the Devonshire Arms. 
 
 There are two capital brewhouses carried on by the 
 Messrs. Sich, and Messrs. Fuller and Co. which have been 
 established for more than eighty years. 
 
 The annexed tokens 
 issued by the trades- 
 men of Chiswick in 
 the latter end of the 
 seventeenth century, 
 seem to imply a larger 
 share of trade and 
 commerce than they 
 now enjoy. They are 
 copied from the ori- 
 ginals preserved in the 
 British Museum. 
 The pulling down of so many capital mansions within 
 the last thirty years, has thinned the population of this 
 part of the parish, and given it a dreary aspect. 
 
 * Shafcspeare has introduced the stocks upon the stage, 
 " Fetch the stocks 
 As I have life and honour, there shall he sit till noon." 
 and Dr. Farmer commenting upon the passage, says, " it should be remembered 
 tbat formerly in great houses, as still in some Colleges, there were moveable 
 stocks for correction of the servants. — Malone's Shakspeare, vol. x. p. 99. 
 + The Earl of Ilchester's Papers. 
 
384 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 On the 25th of October, 1809, on the celebration of the 
 Jubilee, the sum of one hundred pounds was expended 
 for the poor in bread, meat, and beer, in the district of 
 Chiswick town, and Turnham-green. 
 
 In the years 1813-14, during the great frost, a sub- 
 scription was raised, amounting to six hundred and twenty- 
 two pounds, which was expended on the poor, by giving 
 them employment in repairing the roads and foot paths 
 not within the jurisdiction of the parish. 
 
 Walpole House on the Mall takes its name from hav- 
 ing been the residence of the noble family of that name, 
 several members of whom are buried in the church. 
 About sixty years ago it was occupied by a Mrs. Rigby 
 as a boarding-house, and here Mr. Daniel O'Connell 
 resided for several years whilst he was studying for the 
 bar. This family mansion has lately been put into a state 
 of repair, and is now occupied by Mr. Allen as a classical 
 and commercial academy. 
 
 Bedford-House, situated at the western extremity of 
 the Mall, was originally the residence of various members 
 of that noble family, one of whom built the wall round 
 the churchyard.* 
 
 * See page 340. 
 
cms wick house. 385 
 
 CHAPTER IV; 
 
 Chiswick House — Historical and Biographical Reminiscences — Earl of Bur- 
 lington — Duke of Devonshire — Duchess of Devonshire — Bight Hon. 
 C. J. Fox — Bight Hon. G. Canning — Visit of the Illustrious Sovereigns 
 in the year 1814 — Visit of Her Majesty the Queen, and His Royal High- 
 ness Prince Albert, in 1812 — Visit of his Imperial Majesty, the Emperor 
 Nicholas, in 1843. 
 
 The Duke of Devonshire's villa stands on the site of an 
 ancient house, which Bowack says was built by Sir Edward 
 Wardour.* It was pulled down in the year 1788, and, by 
 Kip's curious print, seems to have been of the Elizabethan 
 age. 
 
 There is a monument in the chancel of the church 
 erected in the year 1612, by Edward Wardour, Esq. 
 This person might have been afterwards knighted, and 
 might have built the house. 
 
 Towards the latter end of the reign of James the First, 
 it was the property of Robert Carr, earl of Somerset, 
 whose abandoned countess ended her days there in misery 
 and disgrace, in the year 1632. 
 
 The earl, who was a partaker in her crimes, survived 
 her till the year 1645, but was never able to recover a 
 broken fortune, or a tarnished name. 
 
 His only daughter, lady Ann Somerset, married William, 
 fifth, earl of Bedford ; Somerset, her father, was so reduced, 
 that he sold this house at Chiswick, all his plate, jewels, 
 and furniture, to make up the sum of £12,000. for his 
 daughter, which the earl of Bedford demanded as a 
 portion.! 
 
 The mortgage having never been paid off, the premises 
 became the property of the celebrated Philip, earl of 
 Pembroke, J who was the mortgagee ; from him they 
 passed to John Lord Pawlet, an active royalist, and 
 
 * Antiquities of Middx. p 87. Loud. 1705. 
 
 + Strafford's Letters, vol. ii. p. 58. J Court Bolls. 
 
 2c 
 
386 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 commander of some eminence in the king's army. In the 
 year 1647, he was permitted to compound for his estate, 
 through the interest of general Fairfax,* who in the 
 months of August and September following, appears to 
 have been more than once a visitor at his house at Chis- 
 wick. 
 
 " August 9. Sir Thomas Fairfax with only his life guards came to take 
 possession of the Tower of London, and in the evening to the lord Pawlet's 
 house, at Turnham-green." — Perfect Occurrences, Aug. 1647. 
 
 " August 13. From Putney his excellency has been two or three days at 
 Turnham-green, and returned this day to the head quarters." — Ibid. Sept. 
 10, 1647. 
 
 In 1669, this house being then the property of William 
 lord Crofts, and in the occupation of James duke of Mon- 
 mouth, was sold to Charles lord Gerard, of Brandon, who 
 aliened it to Richard viscount Ranelagh. 
 
 In 1682, it was the property of Edward Seymour, Esq. 
 of Maiden Bradley, who then sold it to Richard earl of 
 Burlington, from whom it descended to Richard the last 
 earl ; after his death it came to the late duke of Devon- 
 shire, who married lady Charlotte Boyle, his daughter 
 and sole heir. 
 
 Richard Boyle, third earl of Burlington, and fourth earl 
 of Cork, was born on the 25th of April, 1695. He 
 travelled much in Italy, where he acquired a strong love 
 of architecture and the fine arts. 
 
 In 1721, he married the lady Dorothy Saville, eldest of 
 the two daughters and co-heiresses of William Saville, 
 marquis of Halifax. Charlotte, the youngest of the three 
 daughters by this lady, married the duke of Devonshire. 
 In 1780, his lordship was installed knight of the garter, 
 and in the following year, was appointed captain of the 
 band of gentlemen pensioners, a post which he resigned 
 in 1733. The title of Burlington became extinct at his 
 death in 1753, but has since been revived. 
 
 Among his architectural works, he repaired Inigo 
 Jones's church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. His know- 
 
 * Collins's Peerage, vol. iii. p. '-228. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 387 
 
 ledge of his favourite art was always at the command of 
 others. 
 
 He assisted Kent (whom he also maintained in his 
 house) in publishing Inigo Jones's designs for Whitehall, 
 and at his own expence he printed an edition of" Fabriche 
 Antiche designate da Andrea Palladio, 1730." And a 
 work to which Pope thus alludes : — 
 
 You shew us Rome was glorious, not profuse. 
 
 on ancient baths, from the drawings of that architect. 
 A house built by Palladio, near Vicenza, called the Villa 
 Capra, furnished the idea of Chiswick-house ; which, 
 notwithstanding the well known sarcasm, " that it was 
 too little to live in, and too big to hang to a watch 
 chain," must still be considered as a model of a very pure 
 taste. Anions his other works are some on his own estate 
 at Lanesborough, in Yorkshire ; the front of Burlington- 
 house, in Piccadilly, built by his father ; and the colo- 
 nade within its court; the dormitory at Westminster 
 school ; a house at Petersham, for lord Harrington ; the 
 duke of Richmond's house in Whitehall ; and another for 
 General Wade, in Cork-street. 
 
 But the assembly room at York is esteemed to be his 
 chef-d'oeuvre. The eulogy of Pope which he addressed 
 to the earl of Burlington, is by no means exaggerated : — 
 
 You too pi'oceed ! make falling arts your care, 
 
 Erect new wonders, and the old repair , 
 
 Jones and Palladio to themselves restore, 
 
 And be whate'er Vitruvius was before. — Moral Essays, Ep. iv. 1. 191. 
 
 CHISWICK HOUSE. 
 
 See Sylvan scenes ! where art, alone, pretends 
 To dress her mistress, and disclose her charms, 
 Such as a Pope in miniature Las shewn, 
 A Bathurst o'er the widening forest spreads, 
 And such as form a Richmond, Chiswick, Stowe. 
 
 Thomson's Liberty, pt. v. 1. 096. 
 
 Lady Chatterton in a late publication, thus describes a 
 visit to this house, in 1840. 
 
 2 c2 
 
388 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 Wednesday, 10th July. — This delightful day we spent 
 at Chiswick, wandering over the beautiful gardens and 
 interesting rooms of the duke of Devonshire's villa. Besides 
 the fine pictures which adorn the walls of the house, and 
 the lovely views which the windows command, the histo- 
 rical recollections connected with the place are most 
 interesting. Here two of the most celebrated statesmen 
 of modern times died, Fox and Canning. 
 
 We were at breakfast there about a month ago ; and 
 then Mr. Rogers who had visited him several times in his 
 last illness, showed us the room in which Fox died, the 
 very spot where the bed had stood in which the great 
 statesman expired. The bed has been long removed, and 
 at that fete, the room was used for refreshments. Gay 
 parties passed to and fro ; and while the celebrated poet 
 was telling of the last hours of the dying statesman, the 
 song and laugh of joyous and thoughtless youth sounded 
 in our ears. I was glad, therefore, to visit the room 
 again to day, when there was no gay scene to withdraw 
 our thoughts from the recollection of the dead. 
 
 It is a small but cheerful room, the walls are covered 
 with tapestry, and over one of the doors hangs the por- 
 trait of Pope. 
 
 As I thought and imagined what might be the feelings 
 of Fox when he was going into his Maker's presence, I 
 remembered with pleasure some passages from lord 
 Brougham's able sketch of that statesman: he says — 
 
 " Let it not be forgotten, that the noble heart and sweet 
 disposition of this great man passed unscathed through an 
 ordeal which in almost every other instance, is found to 
 deaden all kindly and generous affections. A life of 
 gambling, and intrigue, and faction, left the nature of 
 Charles Fox, as little tainted with selfishness or falsehood, 
 and his heart as little hardened as if he had lived and died 
 in a farm house, or rather as if he had not outlived his 
 boyish years." We went into another room to see the 
 bed in which he died; the following rough sketch which I 
 made as we passed through the room, will give an idea of 
 its form. The curtains are chintz, a large and flowery 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 389 
 
 pattern of green and red, upon alight ground; the wooden 
 cornice is painted a light brown and green ; the fringe 
 round the curtains, the tassels, and lining are green.* 
 
 We then went up stairs to see the room in which 
 Canning died, and which has been most ably described 
 by Bulwer, in a paper published in the New Monthly 
 Magazine. "It is a small low chamber, he chose it himself; 
 it had formerly, we believe, been a sort of nursery, and the 
 present duke of Devonshire having accidentally slept there 
 just before Canning took up his residence at the villa, it was 
 considered more likely to be aired and free from damp, 
 than any other and costlier apartment. It has not even a 
 cheerful view from the window, but overlooks a wing of 
 the house, as it were, like a back yard. Nothing can be 
 more cheerless than the paper on the walls, or furniture 
 of the apartment. On the one side of the fire place are 
 ranged a few books, chiefly of a light character. Oprjosite 
 the foot of the bed is the fire place ; and on the low chim- 
 ney-piece stands a small bronze clock." 
 
 Canning passed the last three weeks of his life at Chis- 
 wick. The house-keeper shewed us a room down stairs, 
 where he read prayers to the family each Sunday. 
 
 Lord Brougham says of him, " in private society he was 
 singularly amiable and attractive, though, except a very 
 few years of his early youth he rarely frequented the gay 
 circles of society, confining his intercourse to an extremely 
 small number of warmly attached friends. In all the 
 relations of domestic life, he was blameless, and was 
 the delight of his family, as in them he placed his 
 own." 
 
 From the room where Canning died, we were shewn 
 a small dark passage into another, where the afflicted wife 
 was carried after all was over. She lay in the small room, 
 which looks out into a sort of court yard, till the day 
 before the funeral. " Her life was despaired of for two 
 days," said the housekeeper who was there at the time ; 
 
 * Lady Ckattertons Home Sketches, and Foreign Recollections, vol. i. 
 p. 94. London, 1841. 
 
390 HISTORY OF CHISWICK, 
 
 " but when her son arrived she wept, and the physicians 
 had some hope, she was taken up in her night dress, and 
 put into the carriage which was to take her away." 
 
 Besides these recollections of dying statesmen, and those 
 of the brilliant and fascinating duchess of Devonshire, 
 there are many other circumstances which make Chiswick 
 particularly interesting. 
 
 In the early part of the seventeenth century Chiswick 
 belonged to the earl of Somerset. The portrait of his 
 beautiful daughter, lady Anne Carr, may be seen in lord 
 J^gremont's collection, at "Wobourn Abbey. 
 
 This lovely girl, when only seventeen, was sought in 
 marriage by young lord Russel, who was one of the most 
 promising men of the day, and who soon won the heart of 
 lady Anne ; but there were many impediments to their 
 union. The young man's father, the earl of Bedford, did 
 not approve of the son's choice, and the lovers began to 
 despair : there is a trait told of this lady, which shows the 
 sensitive delicacy of her mind. Her mother had been 
 first married, and then divorced from Robert Deve- 
 reux, earl of Essex, but the innocent girl had been kept 
 in complete ignorance that there was any blot on her 
 parent's fair fame. One day she found an old pamphlet 
 which had been incautiously left on a window seat, and 
 which the young girl commenced reading. It contained, 
 amongst other histories of the court and nobility of the 
 day, an account of her mother's dishonour. Lady Anne 
 was so struck with this accidental discovery, that she fell 
 into a fit, and was found senseless on the floor, with the 
 book open before her. The poor girl suffered so much 
 from her marriage being broken off, that her father was 
 resolved to endeavour to bring it about. The means by 
 which it was at last accomplished are described in a letter 
 of Mr. Garrard to the lord deputy Wentworth, of which 
 the following is an extract : — 
 
 "Mr. Garrard, to the lord deputy Lieutenant Wentworth, 
 
 " March 23. 1636. 
 " The marriage betwixt the lord Russel and lady Anne 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 891 
 
 Carr, a most fine lady, will now shortly, at Easter, be 
 solemnized. My lord of Bedford loves money a little 
 too much, which, together with my lord of Somerset's 
 unexpected poverty, have been the cause of this long 
 treaty, not any diminution of the young party's affections. 
 
 " My lord of Somerset told the lord Chamberlain, who 
 hath been a great mediator in this business, before his 
 daughter, that one of them was to be undone if that mar- 
 riage went on ; he chose rather to undo himself than to 
 make her unhappy, and has kept his word. For he has 
 sold all he can make money of, even his house which he 
 lives in at Chiswick, with all his plate, jewels, and house- 
 hold stuff, to raise a portion of £12,000. which my lord 
 of Bedford is now content to accept."* 
 
 The marriage proved most happy, they continued 
 through life ardently attached to each other, and their 
 children added to their enjoyments. But suffering was in 
 store for the poor mother in her latter days. Her eldest 
 son was the celebrated lord Russel, who was beheaded in 
 1684, and whose wife is so well known by her letters. 
 The affectionate mother did not long outlive her son. She 
 was buried in the little church of Chenies, which contains 
 some fine monuments of the Bedford family. 
 
 It is a curious fact, that though Chiswick was sold by 
 the beautiful lady Anne Carr's father, to enable her to 
 marry, it was not lost to her descendants; for Rachael, the 
 daughter of lord Russel who was beheaded, and his cele- 
 brated wife, married the second duke of Devonshire, so 
 that the present duke is descended from that lovely girl, 
 and is in the possession of the place where her youth was 
 spent, — the home of her ancestors. 
 
 AVe were shewn a book containing sketches by Inigo 
 Jones, which is very interesting. It is full of designs for 
 masquerades, likenesses and caricatures of the celebrated 
 beauties and characters of that day. 
 
 I know not if it be the recollection of the beautiful 
 duchess, but there is something to me peculiarly luxuri- 
 ous and romantic in the appearance of every thing at 
 
 * Strafford's Letters, 11, 58. 
 
392 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Chiswick. There is, too, a southern air about the place 
 which makes it exactly fitted for moon-light walks and 
 serenades. Then the variety of walks in the lovely 
 gardens, and the gorgeous hues and sweet perfumes of the 
 flowers and choice exotics, render the whole scene like 
 some fairy dream, that one fancies is too exquisite for 
 reality. William Spencer felt the charm of this place as 
 he has well expressed it in some lines to the duchess of 
 Devonshire, on leaving Chiswick. 
 
 Though the white gloom of winter has sheeted the ground, 
 
 Though dead seems each flow'ret and tree; 
 Yet still the rich relics of summer are found, 
 
 Immured in the cell of the bee. 
 
 Though doomed to abandon these happy retreats, 
 
 Where my summer never is o'er : 
 My heart is the hive which shall treasure the sweets, 
 
 Of joys that will blossom no more. 
 
 The present edifice was planned and constructed by the 
 celebrated earl of Burlington, and the design is partly 
 taken from that by Palladio, which has produced so many 
 imitations, the villa of marquis Capra, near Vicenza.* 
 Kent, the architect, was employed under the superintend- 
 ance of the earl, in carrying on the work. 
 
 It would appear that his lordship undertook this build- 
 ing as an architectural study, or as a pavilion to exhibit 
 a model of refined taste, rather than as a residence. In 
 fact, the structure, as left by lord Burlington, was not 
 calculated to receive a family. The central part of the 
 edifice as exhibited in the annexed view, contains the 
 whole of his design; and this is of such circumscribed 
 proportions that lord Hervey took occasion to say, " the 
 house was too small to inhabit, and too large to hang to 
 one's watch;" but the late noble owner made it more 
 habitable, without taking away from its beauty, by the 
 addition of two wings, which admirably correspond with 
 the architecture of the original, and which assist in form- 
 ing a principal suite of apartments adequate to the service 
 
 * Sec the original design in Palladio, by Edw. Hoppus, p. 83, London, 1733. 
 

CHISWICK HOUSE. 
 
 INICO JONES'S GATEWAY. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 
 
 393 
 
 of nobility, while many sleeping rooms for the accommoda- 
 tion of visitors have been constructed in a detached 
 building of considerable extent, on the eastern side. 
 
 The central compartment is crowned by an octagonal 
 dome of handsome proportions, and the grand entrance to 
 the mansion is by two flights of stone steps, each having a 
 double approach. The portico is surmounted with a pedi- 
 ment, the tympanum of which is plain, supported by six 
 columns of the Corinthian order ; the architrave, entabla- 
 ture, frieze, and cornices, being of the richest possible 
 character. On one side of the steps is placed a statue of 
 Inigo Jones, and on the other a statue of Palladio. A 
 side view of this magnificent portico, never fails to impress 
 the spectator with a high notion of the capabilities of the 
 noble architect. 
 
 The house is entered by an octangular apartment, 
 usually termed the Dome Saloon. The cieling of this room 
 is richly stuccoed in compartments, which are now uni- 
 formly white, but were originally interspersed with 
 gilding. 
 
 In the year 1838, Dr. Waagen, of Berlin, paid a visit 
 to Chiswick, to view the house and pictures, the result of 
 which he has thus recorded. 
 
 "When I arrived the day before yesterday, about four 
 o'clock in the afternoon, at the duke of Devonshire's villa, 
 I found the company of about fifty persons of the high 
 nobility, and the diplomatic body, for the most part assem- 
 bled in the garden. After the breakfast, which differed 
 in name only from a splendid dinner, when the company 
 went into the garden, I remained awhile looking at the 
 pictures with which all the rooms are adorned. Among 
 the number are many good ones, many excellent, but 
 unfortunately they are partly in a bad condition, either 
 wanting cleaning, or from dryness. Several pictures too, 
 hang in an unfavourable light, that no decided opinion 
 can be formed of them."* 
 
 * See Works of Art and Artists in England^ by G. F. Waugan, 3 vols. LoncL 
 1838, vol. i. pp. 243—271. 
 
394 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 The following struck me as especially worthy of notice. 
 Gaspar Poussin — 
 
 Two landscapes of moderate size, but in all respects admirable. 
 
 Grimani — 
 
 A large landscape, much in tbe spirit of Annibal Carracci. 
 
 Carlo Maratti — 
 
 Pope Clement XI. sitting in an arm chair, knee piece. A fine picture of tbe 
 master, whose portraits are rare. The design is good, the features animated, 
 and the execution cheerful. In the general tone rather weak, as his pictures 
 usually are. 
 
 Of all the Italian schools, there are likewise pictures by 
 Bassano, Schiavone, Procaccini, and Lucca Giordano, &c. 
 
 There is a very poetical landscape, with ruins in the foreground, in a cir- 
 cular form, and likewise a very carefully painted picture, by Borgognone, 
 a March of Cavalry. 
 
 Prederigo Zucchero — 
 
 The portrait of Mary Queen of Scots, a full length, as large as life, in a rich 
 dress, a very pleasing, though properly speaking, not a beautiful face ; painted 
 with great care. 
 
 Paul Veronese — 
 
 The procession of the wife of the Doge, a very rich and masterly sketch of 
 considerable size, probably intended for a picture as large as life. 
 
 Baroccio — 
 
 Cardinal Baronius, half length, a very stately portrait, but hanging in a most 
 unfavourable light. 
 
 Giacomo Bassano — 
 
 The Marys' mourning at the foot of the cross. The heads are more noble 
 than usual, the colouring clear nnd warm, without being extravagant, as is 
 too often the case. 
 
 Guido Heni — 
 
 Painting and drawing, represented as two women, half length, surely a very 
 strange kind of allegory. The heads are of great delicacy, and the light 
 colour very clear. It is, perhaps, little inferior to the copy of the same in the 
 Louvre. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 395 
 
 Albano- 
 
 Mars and Venus with Cupids, in a beautiful landscape. This picture 
 resembles, in extent and value, the well known large picture in the Louvre; 
 and is very pleasing, from the warmth of the colouring, the elegance of the 
 figures, and the beauty of the landscape. 
 
 Guercino — 
 
 Christ on the Mount of Olives, the figures as large as life. A picture of 
 great effect, and very peculiar, by a certain coolness in the harmony of the 
 drapery. 
 
 Holbein — 
 
 The portraits of two warriors, small wbole length, of the later period of the 
 master, and, consequently, painted with his usual spirit, and a certain breadth 
 of handling. 
 
 B. Van Orley— 
 
 A female portrait very delicate, kept under glass ; and without any reason 
 said to be Petrarch's Laura. 2. A female portrait in profile, called Cleopatra, 
 on account of a serpent on the bosom ; but the expression of indifference in 
 the fine and handsome face, does not correspond with the character. 
 
 Vandyck — 
 
 The portrait of Thomas Killigrew, the poet, when young, half length. He 
 lays his hand on a dog : spiritedly and finely coloured. 
 
 The Blind Boy— 
 
 To whom a charwoman gives an obolus, is also ascribed to Vandyck. This 
 portrait, which, according to Walpole, was purchased by lord Burlington, at 
 Paris, along with one by Lucca Giordano for 1000 guineas, is, I am perfectly 
 convinced, not by that master ; though it has much merit I cannot state the 
 master. 
 
 Rembrant — 
 
 Portrait of a man, half length, in the clearest, darkest- gold colour, of 
 astonishingly powerful effect. 2. An old man, glowing and very animated. 
 
 L. Jordaens — 
 
 Twelfth Night. This subject, so often treated by him, is nevertheless more 
 extravagant and vulgar in the countenances, than usual. The effect is very bril- 
 liant and powerful. 
 
 Cornelius Jansens — 
 
 King Charles the First, when young, full length, a spaniel at his feet, and 
 a landscape back ground. Very spirited, and carefully painted in a warm 
 clear tone. 
 
396 HISTOHY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Vandervelde — 
 
 An agitated sea with ships, with a warm-tone light, of great delicacy and 
 striking effect. This fine picture begins to scale off, in consequence of its 
 being very dry. The duke, however, to my great joy, bas promised that he 
 will take care to have it repaired. 
 
 There are likewise very good pictures by Stynmark the 
 younger, von Schonjans, Meytens, Jan Breughel, and 
 other second-rate masters. 
 
 Lastly, a glass case containing a very interesting collec- 
 tion of the most delicate miniature paintings. In this line 
 the English have had, since Holbein, some very eminent 
 masters. He was taken as a model by Nicholas Hilliard, 
 who flourished in the reign of Elizabeth and James the 
 First, and was much employed by both. 
 
 The best painter England had in this line was, however, 
 Isaac Oliver, who painted a great deal for Charles the First. 
 His son, Peter Oliver, was likewise very skilful. There is 
 here a portrait by him of Edward the Sixth, after Hol- 
 bein, exquisitely finished, in the local tints of the flesh 
 rather paler, but with warm brownish shadows. 
 
 Samuel Cooper was also one of the most distinguished 
 of English miniature painters in the reign of Charles the 
 Second. 
 
 Alphabetical List of the Painters mentioned in thefolloic 
 ing Catalogue. 
 
 1578. 
 
 Albano. 
 
 1577. 
 
 Cavedone. 
 
 1510. 
 
 Bassano. 
 
 1550. 
 
 Cellini. 
 
 1624. 
 
 Berchem. 
 
 1596. 
 
 Cortona. 
 
 1564. 
 
 Blomaert. 
 
 1600. 
 
 Claude. 
 
 1606. 
 
 Bolognese. 
 
 1616. 
 
 Castiglione. 
 
 1621. 
 
 Borgognone. 
 
 1577. 
 
 Caracino. 
 
 1610. 
 
 J. Booth. 
 
 
 Danielli. 
 
 1500. 
 
 Bourdenone. 
 
 1610. 
 
 Dobson. 
 
 1623. 
 
 G. Brandi. 
 
 1616. 
 
 Dolce Carlo. 
 
 1589. 
 
 Brughel. 
 
 1581. 
 
 Domenichino. 
 
 1607. 
 
 Canaletti 
 
 1613. 
 
 Dowe, G. 
 
 1555. 
 
 Calvert. 
 
 
 Dyck, Ant. Van 
 
 1555. 
 
 Carracci. 
 
 
 Elde, F. 
 
 1560. 
 
 Carravagio. 
 
 1366. 
 
 Eyck, J. Van. 
 
CHISWICK HOVSE. 
 
 •397 
 
 
 178.3. 
 
 Gabrielli 
 
 1616. 
 
 Rosa Salvator. 
 
 159G. 
 
 Gogen, Van. 
 
 1665. 
 
 Rosa de Tivoli 
 
 
 Guelplii. 
 
 1564. 
 
 Rotberhammer 
 
 1590. 
 
 Guercino. 
 
 1640. 
 
 Ruysdael. 
 
 1575. 
 
 Guido. 
 
 1577. 
 
 Rubens. 
 
 
 Hayter. 
 
 1448. 
 
 Sarto, A. del. 
 
 1498. 
 
 Holbein. 
 
 1643. 
 
 Scbalken. 
 
 1572. 
 
 Jones, Inigo. 
 
 1522. 
 
 Schiavoni, A. 
 
 1594. 
 
 Jordaens. 
 
 
 Scbeemaker. 
 
 1685. 
 
 Keinings. 
 
 1560. 
 
 Scbidone. 
 
 1685. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 1579. 
 
 Sneyders. 
 
 1648. 
 
 Kneller, Sir Godfrey. 
 
 
 Schonis. 
 
 1609. 
 
 Lint, Van. 
 
 1550. 
 
 Steinwick. 
 
 1625. 
 
 Maratti, Carlo. 
 
 1620. 
 
 Swanefeldt. 
 
 1612, 
 
 Mola, P. F. 
 
 1610. 
 
 Teniers. 
 
 1634. 
 
 Men! en, Vander. 
 
 1512. 
 
 Tintoretto. 
 
 1613. 
 
 Murillo. 
 
 1477. 
 
 Titian. 
 
 1636. 
 
 Myttens. 
 
 1500. 
 
 Vaga, P- da. 
 
 1610. 
 
 Ostade, Adrian Van. 
 
 1599. 
 
 Vandyck. 
 
 1503. 
 
 Parmegiano. 
 
 1596. 
 
 Van Gogen. 
 
 1770. 
 
 Phillips. 
 
 1594. 
 
 Velasquez. 
 
 1586. 
 
 Polemberg. 
 
 1639. 
 
 Vandervelde. 
 
 1600. 
 
 Poussin, Gaspar. 
 
 1558. 
 
 Veronese, A. 
 
 1594. 
 
 Poussin, Nicholas. 
 
 1530. 
 
 Veronese, P. 
 
 1548. 
 
 Procaccini. 
 
 1432. 
 
 Vinci, L. da. 
 
 1606. 
 
 Kembrant. 
 
 1657. 
 
 Viviani. 
 
 1679. 
 
 Ricci, Marco. 
 
 1765. 
 
 Wootton. 
 
 1660. 
 
 Ricci, Seb. 
 
 1620. 
 
 Wouvermans. 
 
 1630. 
 
 Rousseau. 
 
 
 
 The following catalogue presents the reader with a 
 more complete description of this gallery than has yet 
 appeared, including brief remarks on the merits of the 
 pictures, and on their respective painters. Diffident of 
 his own abilities for such an undertaking, the writer has 
 resigned the direction of public taste to those whose 
 talents and acquirements confer a value on their opinion, 
 and who it is to be hoped may be induced to undertake 
 and accomplish a more extended and critical view of this 
 beautiful collection.* 
 
 * Catalogues of this sort are deservedly grown into esteem. While a collec- 
 tion remains entire the use of the catalogue is obvious, when dispersed it often 
 serves to authenticate a picture, adds to its imaginary value, aud bestows a 
 sort of history on it. It is to be wished that the practice of composing cata- 
 logues of conspicuous collections was universal. — Horace WaJpole. 
 
398 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 IN THE DOME. 
 
 King Charles 1st. his Queen and children — Vandyck. 
 
 Painted in a sitting posture, the young prince Charles standing on the 
 right with his hands resting on his father's knee. The queen supports the 
 infant duke of York ; a small hlack and white dog near the feet of the king, 
 spirited and carefully painted in a warm clear tone. The works of this 
 painter are exceedingly numerous in England, for he was very industrious. 
 His colouring was excellent, and no part of his figures was neglected. His 
 earlier works in England are deemed the hest, particularly some of the por- 
 traits of King Charles, of the duke Buckingham, and of lord Strafford. Van- 
 dyck imbibed so deeply the tints of Titian, that he is allowed to approach 
 nearer to the carnations of that master, even than Rubens. Sir Anthony had 
 more delicacy than the latter ; but, like him, reaches the grace and dignity 
 of the antique. 
 
 Either a duplicate, or the original of this picture is in her Majesty's collec- 
 tion at Windsor. 
 
 The Morocco Ambassador — Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 A large picture, the figure by Sir Godfrey Kneller, the horse and back ground 
 by Wycke. Kneller, though displaying a singular paucity of imagination, 
 excelled in the gracefulness and drawing of his portraits, his colouring is 
 harmonious and true to nature. His conceit was excessive ; but he had some 
 pretensions to vanity as he had been flattered by Dryden, Addison, Prior, 
 Steele, and Pope. 
 
 The Rape of Proserpine — Schonis. 
 
 A large upright picture, spirited and dark in colour. 
 
 His urgent flame impatient of delay, 
 
 Swift as his thoughts he seiz'd the beauteous prey, 
 
 And bore her in his sooty car away. 
 
 OvicPs Metam. b. v. 
 
 Liberality and Modesty — Guido. 
 
 This is a first rate painting, the figures elegantly disposed and beautifully 
 coloured. Few names in the art stands higher than that of Guido ; in grace 
 and beauty his works are unsurpassed. The beau ideal of this master in 
 respect to sacred subjects was admirable, and the celestial character so pecu- 
 liarly impressed on his figures strongly attests his genius. Sweetness, deli- 
 cacy, facile execution, and harmony of colour, are his chief characteristics. 
 
 Daphne and Apollo— Cay. Daniello. 
 
 An animated picture, the figure of Daphne remarkably fine, both in drawing 
 and colour. 
 
CHISW1CK HOUSE. 
 
 She heard not half, so furiouly she flies ; 
 And on her ear th' imperfect accent dies. 
 Fear gave her wings, and as she fled, the wind 
 Increasing, spread her flowing hair hehind, 
 
 Ovid's Metam. h. i. 
 
 Lewis the Thirteenth— Fred. Elde. 
 
 A whole length, in an easy posture, a dog looking up, an architectural hack 
 ground. 
 
 The Judgment of Paris — Cav. Daniello. 
 
 A fine masterly picture, warm in colour, the figure of Paris reclines in the 
 front with the apple in his right hand, Mercury with the Caduceus points 
 towards the apple. 
 
 Una dabit regnum, belli daret altera laudem, 
 Tyndaridis conjux tertia dixit eris. — Ovid. 
 
 Busts, placed round the room in recesses upon brackets — 
 
 Socrates. Lucius Antoninus, B. C. 28. Britannicus, son of Claudius, 
 A.D 12. Domitian, A.D. 81. Hadrian, A.D. 117. Antoninus Pius, A.D. 
 138. Justiua, the elder, wife of the Emperor, A.D. 138. Plautilla, wife of 
 Caracalla, A.D. 211, Apollo. Bacchanals. Roman Emperor. 
 
 Eight handsomely carved oak chairs, four tables inlaid with marble, carved 
 and richly gilt. 
 
 The west saloon adjoins the preceding apartment, and 
 is much enlarged by the additions to the building, the 
 cieling is painted in compartments. 
 
 Venus and Cupid — Sebast Ricci. 
 
 The figure of Venus in full length, holding an arrow in the right hand, 
 Cupid endeavouring to catch at it. Bicci was grand in his ideas, and an agree- 
 able colourist, but he is deficient in corectness ; the number of his works 
 obliging him rather to consult his imagination than nature. 
 
 Scripture Piece — Pietro da Cortona, 
 
 In this piece are various figures of men, women, and children, the subject 
 said to have allusion to the story of Jacob ; a fine specimen of this master, of 
 whom it has been said by an Italian writer, " that he had fire in his colours,, 
 vehemence in his hands, and fury in his pencil." 
 
 Philosopher and his Wife — Myttens, 
 
 Countenances dark, black dresses with ruffs and collars. The style of 
 Myttens, was entirely in the taste of the Roman school, with figures as large 
 as life, and sometimes even of a larger proportion. He imitated Vandyck so 
 successfully, that several of his pictures have been taken for the work of that 
 more famous master, 
 
400 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 .First Countess of Burlington, at the age of 2%, 1639 — 
 
 Vandyck. 
 
 In a drab dress, blue drapery thrown over the left shoulder. 
 
 Marquis of Halifax — Vandyck. 
 
 Hair long and moustaches, right hand shewn. 
 
 Twelfth Night — Jordaens. 
 
 A variety of figures seated at a table feasting, a fat fellow is represented as 
 a king, a woman with a child in her arms drinking to him. Although the 
 figures and countenances are coarse and vulgar, yet the colouring is very 
 brilliant and powerful. The pictures of Jordaens are principally historical, 
 and his portraits are executed with the highest degree of brilliancy, as well as 
 correctness. " II copioit la nature, sans en choisir les beautes et sans en 
 ecarter les defauts." 
 
 Mr. Rogers and his Dog — Vandyck- 
 
 Represented in a cuirass, slashed sleeves and blue sash, the left arm reclines 
 on a large dog. 
 
 Cardinal Baronius — Tintoretto. 
 
 A short figure with dark complexion and majestic air, a very stately portrait, 
 but hanging in a bad light. The boldness of his style, the strong contrasts 
 which this artist exhibits in his lights and shadows, together with the rapidity 
 and spirit of his genius, acquired him the epithet of " 11 furioso." 
 
 Pope Clement the Ninth — Carlo Maratti. 
 
 A long face of a grave cast, in a pink dress, trimmed with fur. This admired 
 painter of the Italian school excelled in Madonnas and female saints. He is 
 chiefly admirable for his portraits, which are natural, easy, and lively. 
 
 Susannah and Elders — Guercino. 
 
 A very fine picture painted in a dark style. The figure of Susannah naked, 
 but delicately arranged ; the colour of this figure clear and warm, and forcibly 
 relieved by the dark drapery of the Elders, and the deep tone of the back 
 ground. Guercino acquired the principles of his art from Cremonini and 
 Gesnari, but improved by a consultation of the Schools of Venice, Bologna, 
 and Rome. His pictures are very numerous, but not remarkable for grace or 
 dignity. 
 
 Portrait of a Man — School of Rubens. 
 
 A three quarter portrait, pale countenance, dark dress and ruff. As a por- 
 trait painter the reputation of Rubens is considerable, though possibly some- 
 what over-rated, some of his pictures not appearing to possess any great share 
 of individuality or resemblance. 
 
CH1SWICK HOX T SE. 401 
 
 Portrait of a Woman — Rubens. 
 
 Ruddy complexion, a gay dress decked with jewels. 
 
 Bacchus and Ariadne — S. Bjcci. 
 
 An upright picture, the figures as large as life. Bacchus is about placing a 
 ring on the finger of Ariadne, and Cupid is descending with a wreath. 
 
 Women selling Fish and Herbs — Gerard Douw. 
 
 Represented at a shop window, a pair of scales on one side, fruit and herbs 
 in front. A choice specimen of the Flemish school. Gerard Douw surpassed 
 every painter of his country, although so many of them have excelled in the 
 same line. The works of this master have ever been zealously sought for by 
 collectors, and many of them have been engraved : every thing, indeed, that 
 came from his pencil is precious, and vast sums have been given and are still 
 given for his pictures, even in his own country. 
 
 A Holy Family — P. Da Cortona. 
 
 A small picture, figures three quarters length. 
 
 St. John in the Wilderness — Francesca Mola. 
 
 St. John is reclining on the ground, Cherubim in the sky, back ground 
 rocky and dark. Although Mola was not, perhaps, equal to Raphael or 
 N. Poussin, in his historical compositions, yet he has displayed a style of 
 landscape in his pictures that few artists ever excelled. 
 
 A March — Borgognone. 
 
 Military figures on horseback are skirting round a piece of water. Rocks 
 on one side, and a town in the distance; a fine spirited painting. It is cre- 
 ditable to this master that he was one of the first of his countrymen who for- 
 sook the hard and dry manner which had so long predominated among the 
 Italian painters. His battle pieces are painted with uncommon spirit, and 
 display the ardour of a mind delighted with the scene upon which it was 
 engaged. In beholding his pictures we seem to hear the shouts of war, the 
 neighing of the horses, and the cries of the wounded ; indeed, many of his 
 military sketches were taken on the actual field of battle. 
 
 Landscape in a circular frame — Wooton. 
 
 Gloomy rocks, a piece of water, and figures in front. This artist was grand 
 in his ideas, and an agreeable colourist, but he is deficient in correctness. 
 
 The flight into Egypt — Berchem. 
 
 Rocky scenery, the Holy Family mounted on asses, accompanied by goats 
 descending a mountain pass. Bercliem is considered happy in the distribution 
 of his masses, and his conduct of light and shadow are also masterly, while 
 his aeriel perspective, the light floating of his skies, and the transparency of 
 his water have never been surpassed. He has left behind exquisite etchings 
 besides his paintings. 
 
 2d 
 
402 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 THE SALOON. 
 
 The east saloon adjoins the apartments which are sur- 
 mounted by the Dome, and is chiefly formed by a portion 
 of the original structure. The stucco work is gilt, on a 
 white ground. 
 
 Inside of a church — Vandyck. 
 
 A small sketch of the interior of a church, with figures. 
 
 Sea Piece — Van de Velde. 
 
 Dutch boats, one in front handsomely decorated. In the offing are vessels 
 firing a salute. " This fine picture begins to scale off, in consequence of its 
 being very dry. The duke, however, to my great joy, has promised that he 
 will take care to have it repaired."* The principal works of this admirable 
 artist are to be found in the royal collections and cabinets of this country. 
 He came to England with his son, both of whom were employed by Cbarles 
 the Second. The palm is not less disputed with Raffael for history, than 
 with Van de Velde for Sea Pieces. 
 
 Holy Family — A. Schiavoni. 
 
 The infant Jesus on the lap of the Virgin, St. John holding one hand 
 towards him ; Joseph in repose in the back ground. 
 
 This is a beautiful picture, for Schiavoni was accounted one of the finest 
 colourists of the Venetian school. 
 
 The Wise Men's Offering — Guido. 
 
 In this charming picture the figures are in red and white. The Saviour 
 holds a lily, the Virgin in blue. The tender, the pathetic, and the devout, 
 were the characters in which Guido particularly excelled ; and are those which 
 not only distinguished him from every other painter, but almost give him pre- 
 cedence of all. 
 
 Women and two Infants playing — Leonardo da Vinci. 
 
 Two infants naked sporting in the foreground, an old woman watching them 
 at a door. Leonardo da Vinci is allowed to have been one of the greatest 
 geniuses of his country. As a painter he possessed taste and great powers of 
 expression. He was scarcely less distinguished as an architect, an engineer, 
 a poet, and a philosopher, than as a painter. 
 
 * G. F. Waagen, vol. i. p. 231. 
 
L. DA VINCI.— i). 402. 
 
 MURILLO.— p. 421, 
 
 CARLO IYIARATTI.— p. 404. 
 

CHISWICK HOUSE. 403 
 
 Landscape and Figures — Gaspar Poussin. 
 
 Landscape and Figures— ditto. 
 
 Landscape and Figures — ditto. 
 
 Dark trees, rocks and towns, with figures in the foreground. Beautiful in 
 design, and admirable in effect. 
 
 I mention these three pictures, as well as for their great excellence, as that 
 it may be the means of procuring prints from them, wbich I do not remember 
 to have seen. 
 
 A Woman feeding Children by Candlelight — Schalken. 
 
 A woman with a candle in her hand feeding a boy with a spoon, the boy 
 laughing, a man with a port folio, and other figures in the back ground, very 
 highly finished. 
 
 A March, Soldiers refreshing — Vander Meulen. 
 
 Soldiers on horseback refreshing at an Inn or Cottage door. In his imita- 
 tion of nature, this artist was exact and faithful, his colouring is excellent, 
 and in his landscapes the skies and distances are clear and natural, and his 
 pictures have always a very striking effect. 
 
 A Landscape — S wane veldt. 
 
 Trees in the foreground, apiece of water, the ruins of a temple in the 
 distance. 
 
 Landscape and Figures — Gasp ah Poussin. 
 
 In the usual dark style of the master. 
 
 Miraculous Draught of Fishes — Rubens. 
 
 Figures in red hauling in fish, Christ in the boat. A bold rough sketch. 
 It is impossible not to derive unmixed pleasure from those works of Rubens in 
 which the subjects are taken from Scriptures, where so much of the effect 
 depends on the elevated expression of moral beauty, sanctity, purity, and calm 
 beatitude. The finished picture of this subject forms the altar piece in the 
 Cathedral of Mechlin. 
 
 Woman selling Fritters — Schalken. 
 
 An old woman receiving money from a boy, a lamp, fritters and ouions. A 
 young woman and other figures in back ground. 
 
 Dutch Merry Making — Ostade. 
 
 Dutch boors drinking and playing cards, painted with the usual humour of 
 the master. The pictures of Ostade usually consist of the interiors of ale- 
 houses, with Dutch peasants smoking or drinking. His colouring is rich and 
 clear, and all his works are highly finished. 
 
 2d2 
 
404 HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 
 
 Landscape — Gaspar Poussin. 
 
 Landscape — ditto. 
 
 Dark trees and figures in front. Nothing can exceed the beauty of the 
 scenery and perspective of this artist, he particularly excelled in the represen- 
 tation of land storms, in which every tree seems agitated, and every leaf in 
 motion. 
 
 Presentation in the Temple — Camillo Proccacino. 
 
 This artist was endowed with a surprising faculty of conception, combined 
 with a naivete, a comeliness, and a spirit that always charms the eye, though 
 often not the mind. But he excelled in the suavity of his style and colour. 
 
 The Samaritan Woman — Paulo Veronese. 
 
 The Samaritan woman at the well, our Saviour addressing her. The 
 colouring of Paul Veronese is rich and clear, his draperies brilliant, various 
 and magnificent, his touch spirited and free, and all his works are highly 
 finished. 
 
 Landscape — Gaspar Poussin. 
 
 In a dark style. Most of these paintings by Poussin are placed too high, 
 and in bad lights, therefore no accurate inspection can be obtained. 
 
 Temptation of St. Anthony — A. Caracci. 
 
 Saint Anthony reclining, a lion and other animals surrounding him. Angels 
 in the clouds. 
 
 Both painters and poets have made very free with this Saint and his fol- 
 lowers ; the former by many ludicrous pictures of his temptation, and the 
 latter by various epigrams on his disciples. 
 
 " II faut attaque de diverses tentations. On dit meme que les demons se 
 presentment a lui sous differents formes affreuses, et le chargoient de coups." 
 Ladovcat. Diet. Hist. 
 
 Views in Venice — Canaletti. 
 
 Two Views in Venice ; the Palace of the Doge, and the Church of St. Mark. 
 Canaletti employed himself in taking views of Venice with a management of 
 aerial tint approaching to illusion. He visited this country and painted some 
 very fine pictures, his works are numerous, and some of those of his pupils 
 are often erroneously assigned to him. 
 
 Holy Family — Carlo Maratti. 
 
 The Virgin painted in a blue drapery, the Saviour standing on the left, 
 holding a lily. This artist excelled in painting Madonnas, for which reason 
 he was called satirically by Salvator Bosa, " Carlucco della Madonna." 
 
 A Mountebank — Tintoretto. 
 
 A mountebank, or Quack Doctor on a stage, a variety of figures around, and 
 buildings in the back. A small circular picture. 
 
chiswick house. 405 
 
 Passage of the Red Sea — Borgognone. 
 
 A gloomy picture, the army of Moses is seen moving up an ascent on the 
 right. Pharaoh and host overwhelmed to the left ; Moses and Priests in the 
 foreground. 
 
 A Spanish Lady — Velasquez. 
 
 A lady with long dark hair, in a drab coloured dress, trimmed with black, 
 laced collar, the right hand raised, a capital picture. The compositions of 
 Velasquez are remarkable for strong expression, freedom of pencil, and an 
 admirable tone of colouring, almost equal to nature itself. 
 
 In the west saloon is a candelabrum of five feet high, 
 surmounted with a lamp, in the form of a ship. 
 
 In a frame, 12 carvings in ivory of Saints, Holy Family, 
 and Mary Magdalen. 
 
 Several beautifully carved tables richly gilt, of a pattern 
 to correpsond with the building, inlaid with variegated 
 marble. 
 
 The chimney pieces carved and enriched with inlaid 
 marbles from Italy. 
 
 DRAWING ROOM. 
 
 The Drawing Room occupies a portion of the western 
 wirg, and is a spacious apartment, of fine proportions, and 
 furnished in an elegant taste. 
 
 Portrait of a Magdalen — Guido. 
 
 In a circular frame, the face looking up with the right hand raised. A 
 very beautiful picture. 
 
 Painting and designing — Guido. 
 
 Painting and designing represented by two females. The heads delicately 
 painted and clear in the colour. 
 
 Mars and Venus — Albaxo. 
 
 Mars and Venus with Cupid, in a beautiful landscape, the colouring warm, 
 and the figures elegantly arranged. " Tbis picture resembles in extent and 
 value, the well known large picture in the Louvre, and is very pleasing from 
 the warmth of the colouring, the elegance of the figures, and the beauty of 
 the landscape." 
 
406 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Colosseum at Rome — Nicholas Poussin. 
 
 Dull in colour, but the effect of nature in a certain light, figures in front. 
 
 Holy Family — Andrea del Sarto. 
 
 The Virgin in red, with pink drapery round the head. The infant in her 
 arms. St. John looking over her right shoulder. This eminent artist painted 
 with great freedom and force : his carnations are beautiful, and his figures are 
 scarcely inferior to Raphael. His cotemporaries gave him the name of" Senza 
 errore," without fault. 
 
 View of Rome — N. Poussin. 
 
 The Arch of Constantine, with figures in front, a dark picture. 
 
 With Poussin came, ancient design, that lifts 
 A fairer front, and looks another soul. 
 
 Thomson's Liberty, p. v. 1. 500.' 
 
 Lord Darnley — Titian. 
 
 Three quarter portrait taken when young, fair complexion, light hair, and 
 dark dress. A capital picture equal to the best of Vandyck's portraits. The 
 portraits of Titian from the force and boldness of colouring and simplicity of 
 character, entitle him to the greatest respect, as he undoubtedly stands in the 
 first rank in this branch of the art, and in landscape he has not been surpassed. 
 It is to Titian (says Sir J. Reynolds) we must turn our eyes, to find excellence 
 with regard to colour, and light and shade in the highest degree. He was 
 both the first and greatest master of his art. 
 
 Small Landscape — J. Ruysdael. 
 
 A dark picture of trees. Jacob Ruysdael ranks among the best painters of 
 the Dutch school, especially in the delineation of wood and water, which he 
 gives with great spirit and correctness. 
 
 Landscape and Cattle — Both. 
 
 Several figures, some on a horse, on the shore of a lake, a bark near, a bold 
 rocky coast to the right, and trees, evening effect with great warmth of colour. 
 John and Andrew Both were two eminent Dutch painters, whose pictures are 
 much admired all over Europe. Both these masters had extraordinary readi- 
 ness of hand, and a free and light pencil. 
 
 Madonna della Rosa — Domi^ichino. 
 
 Finely painted, the female in pink drapery, with flowers in her lap and 
 right hand, the infant holding a rose. Dominichino understood every branch 
 of his art, but produced nothing excellent without much study and labour. He 
 was admirable in expressing the passions. 
 
 Tent and Horses — Wouvermans. 
 
 The horses light, backed by a dark tent. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 407 
 
 Landscape — J. Both. 
 
 A very fine picture of this master, bold in arrangement and effect. The 
 genius of J. Both directed him to landscape, in which he rose almost to the 
 highest perfection, making the style of Claude his model, and by many his 
 works are even mentioned in competition with those of that great master. 
 
 The Arch of Constantiiie — Viviani. 
 
 A fine picture of this master. Nothing can be more exactly true than the 
 perspective paintings of Viviani ; nothing more elegant and grand in the dis- 
 position, nor more beautiful than his choice of subjects. 
 
 A Venetian Nobleman — Rembrant. 
 
 Dressed in a furred gown, head pensively reclines on the right hand. An 
 exceedingly fine picture. Every portrait of this artist is valuable and inte- 
 resting. His real name was Garritor, but he is always known by the name of 
 Van Ryn ; for born on the banks of the Bhyne, he formed his manner by 
 studying and imitating nature. The genuine works of this great master bring 
 incredible prices, and his etchings are collected with great care and expence 
 for the cabinets of the curious. There is a superb collection of them in the 
 British Museum. 
 
 Landscape — Hawking — Wouvermans. 
 
 Figure in red on horseback, holding a hawk on his right hand, various 
 figures and dogs around, a man in blue mounted on a white horse which is 
 drinking at a pond on the left of the picture, hilly country and ruins in the 
 distance ; and rough ground with two or three ash trees relieve the figures in 
 the centre of the picture, a stormy sky. An excellent painting. The hunting 
 pieces and other subjects of Wouvermans, where horses are introduced are 
 especially admired. His landscapes and battle scenes also, rank high in 
 public estimation. 
 
 The first Earl of Burlington — Vandyck. 
 
 In dark drapery, left hand raised, melancholy countenance, brown hair and 
 fair complexion. 
 
 Chemist's Laboratory — Teniers. 
 
 The Alchymist blowing at a charcoal fire on a stand, table, books, and che- 
 mical apparatus, in careless arrangement around, several figures at a table in 
 the back ground are examining chemical matters, in exceedingly fine condition. 
 Teniers occupied himself principally in the delineation of fairs, rustic sports> 
 and drinking parties, which he exhibited with such truth, humour, and origi- 
 nality, that he may be considered the founder of a style of painting. 
 
 Three Statues — Nicholas Poussin. 
 
 Painted in Chiaro Oscuro, in imitation of statuary. Poussin (says Sir 
 J. Reynolds) lived and conversed with the ancient statues so long, that he may 
 
408 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 be said to Lave been better acquainted with tbem, tlian with the people about 
 him. By many he is considered not only as the Eaphael of France, but as one 
 of the greatest painters that ever existed. 
 
 Killegrew and his Dog — Vandyck. 
 
 Thomas Killegrew, the dramatist, when young, a half length. One hand on 
 a dog, spiritedly and finely painted. 
 
 Landscape — Fishing — ■ Salvator Rosa. 
 
 This is a very fine picture, of large size. Vast rocks on the sea-shore, 
 with boats and fishermen, warm and bold in effect, and in most excellent 
 condition. " Salvator Rosa," observes Sir J. Reynolds, " gives us a peculiar 
 cast of nature, which, though void of all grace, elegance, and simplicity, though 
 it has nothing of that elevation and dignity which belong to the grand style, 
 yet has that sort of dignity which belongs to savage and uncultivated nature." 
 Everything is of a piece, his rocks, trees, sky, even to his handling, have the 
 same rude and wild character which animates his figures. The Baron De 
 Non says that he was ' grand compositeur, dessinateur spirituel, penseur 
 poetique, grand paysagiste, et tout a fait original dans ce genre, vaste et 
 grandiose en tout.' " 
 
 The Emperor and Empress of Russia — 
 Two Portraits — Miniatures — 
 
 These are miniatures on ivory, carefully and finely painted. 
 
 DINING ROOM. 
 
 Marriage of Cupid and Psyche — Andrea Schiavoxe. 
 
 An upright picture, the figures whole length, the left hand of Cupid is over 
 the shoulder of Psyche, the right hand raised, holding a crown of laurel, 
 Jupiter presenting a ring to Psyche, who is represented with the wings of a 
 butterfly to intimate the lightness of the soul. 
 
 Perry Boat and Cattle — Berghem. 
 
 A first rate painting in fine condition, cattle in the foreground, and figures 
 embarking in the ferry boat : on the opposite shore are represented trees and 
 the ruins of a cottage ; the warm, red and yellow of the cattle of the figures 
 oppose, and at the same time harmonize finely with the sombre tints of the 
 trees and ruined castle in the middle distance; the sky enlivened by rolling 
 clouds tinged by the sun. 
 
 The Repose — N. Poussix. 
 
 Ruins of a Temple and Figures. 
 
 The Earl of Pembroke and his Sister — Vandyck. 
 
 Tbe Earl of Pembroke in a pink dress gathering roses. 
 The lady in white, a three quarter picture. 
 
CHISW1CK HOUSE. 409 
 
 The Inside of a Church — Kelrings. 
 
 Soman architecture, circular columns and arches, altar splendidly decorated, 
 a priest officiating, ladies and other figures kneeling. This artist copied his 
 views, and every particular object from nature, and he finished them with 
 amazing patience. 
 
 Noah Sacrificing — Carlo Maratti. 
 
 A figure in white is seen kneeling in front of a rude altar, Noah with his 
 hands supplicating, other figures on the right. 
 
 Susannah and Elders — Paul Veronese. 
 
 The elders in long robes, Susannah in drapery to the knees. 
 
 Salmacis and Hemaproditus — Albano. 
 
 or leave me to mvself alone 
 
 You rude uncivil nymph, or I'll be gone ; 
 
 Fair stranger then, says she, it shall be so 
 And, for she fear'd his threats, she feigned to go." 
 
 Salmacis embracing the object of her regards, who appears to be repulsing 
 her; a Cupid is in the back ground, the flesh exceedingly fine and warin in 
 colour, a glowing picture, first rate, and in good condition. Albano is cele- 
 brated for the grace and elegance of his female figures, and the loveliness of 
 his Cupids. Connoisseurs remark a great sameness in his delineation of these 
 subjects, which is accounted for by the fact that his wife Doratea, a woman of 
 extraordinary beauty, was his model in the first case, and the twelve children 
 she bore him in the second. He was denominated the painter of tbe graces, 
 and the anacreon of painting. 
 
 Women at the Cross — Bassano. 
 
 A dark picture, women weeping, a man with his left hand elevated looking 
 up, colouring clear and warm. 
 
 Bassano painted history and portrait, and was an artist of considerable 
 reputation. 
 
 Madonna and St. Catharine — Parmegiano. 
 
 A capital painting. In his professional career Parmegiano first imitated the 
 style of Michael Angelo, and afterwards followed that of Baffael ; his colouring 
 was most beautiful, and he is supposed to have been the first artist who 
 employed the point for etching. 
 
 Sleeping Venus — Seb. Bjcci. 
 
 The figure naked. 
 
 Coach and six Horses — Sir Godfrey Kneller. 
 
 Cream coloured horses, coachman and postillion in green and red, braided 
 with white. A remarkable picture. 
 
410 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Holy Family — Schidone. 
 
 Saint John kneeling to the Saviour, Joseph reading, and Virgin with the 
 right [hand raised. The genius of Schidone was noble and grand, and his 
 style of painting is exceedingly elevated ; his touch light, delicate, and admir- 
 able, and all his pictures are finished in an exquisite manner. His pictures 
 are very rare. 
 
 Small Landscape — Polemberg. 
 
 This is a landscape with naked figures sleeping. This artist distinguished 
 himself chiefly by his landscapes, in which he treated nature with much truth; 
 his skies are particularly admired for the transparency of then* colouring. His 
 animals are sometimes by other painters, particularly by Berghem. 
 
 Romulus and Remus — P. Da Cortona. 
 
 The goatherd with the infants in his arms, the right hand points towards 
 the place where they were discovered. The woman is sitting in the shade of 
 a rude hut or cottage. A naked boy reclines at her feet. The figures beau- 
 tifully drawn and the colouring good. The invention of this artist was rich, 
 and his execution graceful and beautiful. It has been said " that he had fire 
 in his colours, vehemence in his hands, and fury in his pencil." This is also 
 engraved by Le Strange. 
 
 Piazza del Popolo — Gabrielli. 
 
 The entrance into Rome. 
 
 A Jew Rabbi — Rembrant. 
 
 Represented in a cap, and having a beard. This is the celebrated Jew Rabbi 
 so well engraved by Peltier, and is considered as the best of all Rembrant' s 
 portraits. 
 
 Rembrant in his Painting Room — Gerard Douw. 
 
 Rembrant is seen at his easel painting, a bureau or cupboard in back ground, 
 pieces of armour, and violin in front, a staircase at the back. The easel rests 
 against a column. A capital picture of considerable size, which was exhibited 
 by the Duke of Devonshire's permission, in Pall Mall, in the Summer of 1844. 
 
 Pope Innocent the Ninth — Velasquez. 
 
 Half length, right hand raised, very fine. 
 
 The pictures of this great Spanish artist are of excessive rarity and price. 
 
 Holy Family — And. del Sarto. 
 
 Holy family, finely painted. The Virgin supporting the Saviour in left 
 hand, the infant is standing, two female figures are near. 
 
 Ponte Rotto — Gabrielli. 
 
 The Tiber and remains of a bridge, on the opposite bank a causeway 
 leads to the river, figures and boats in front. This bridge was the " Pome 
 Senatorio." 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 411 
 
 Two richly carved tables, inlaid with marble. 
 Susannah and Elders — Rousseau. 
 
 Susannah in blue drapery over her shoulders. Elders at the back looking 
 over her shoulder. In the choice of his scenes Rousseau shews remarkable 
 elegance of taste, his grounds are well broken, his distances well conducted, 
 his skies finely imagined, and there appears great harmony in most of his 
 compositions. 
 
 A Man Hawking — Inigo Jones. 
 
 A field of trees, and a man hawking, a curious and spirited picture. 
 
 Two Views of Venice — Van Lint. 
 
 Two Views of Venice, warm and clear in colouring. The manner of the 
 composition of this artist was in the grand style, his design being correct, and 
 his colouring good. 
 
 Four Portraits of Boys, representing the Four Seasons. 
 Four small half-length figures of Boys, the painter not 
 known. 
 
 Landscape and Figures — Castiglione. 
 
 A female with an infant reposing in the shade of a building, trees behind. 
 A small darkly coloured picture. 
 
 Castiglione is distinguished for his landscapes and animals, but he is not 
 incapable of moving in a higher walk of the art, as is proved by his picture of 
 the Nativity, in St. Lucca. His pencil was vigorous and unaffected. 
 
 Four Views in Rome. Four Views in colour. Ponte 
 Rotto, or Broken Bridge. View of Rome, and Tiber in 
 front. A distant View of the City. Castle on the Sea 
 Shore. Van Lint. 
 
 View of Florence — Gabrielli. 
 
 The city in the middle distance backed by a mountainous country, an open 
 space in front. Fir trees in fore ground. 
 
 The doorways, and the whole of this apartment are 
 superbly gilt, on a white ground, and the initials R. B. 
 and D. B. carved and gilt on the mouldings. 
 
 SMALL BED ROOM. 
 
 Earl of Strafford — Vandyck. 
 
 Serious and inflexible expression of countenance, dark in complexion and 
 black dress ; in a bad light. 
 
412 
 
 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 Landscape — Bolognese. 
 
 Dark picture, trees and high mountains, figures in front. Placed in a bad 
 light. 
 
 GALLERY. 
 
 Centre of the cieling, an oval, (ornaments by Kent,) 
 
 P. Veronese. 
 
 Apparently a repose after a battle — spirited and effected. 
 
 Battle Piece — Borgognone. 
 
 A skirmish of cavalry — remarkably spirited and clear in colouring. 
 
 A Feast — Bassano. 
 
 Preparation for a feast, several female figures in various occupations ; warm 
 in effect. 
 
 Landscape — Bolognese. 
 
 Bridge and waterfall, buildings and mountains in distance, foreground trees 
 and figures. A fine picture. Bolognese became a good painter in fresco, and 
 his subjects were architecture and perspective. 
 
 Three Landscapes — Bolognese. 
 
 Placed over the window in a bad light, much too high for inspection. The 
 first fruit trees and figures. 2. Figures and architectural groups. 3. Trees 
 and woody scenery, bold and dark. 
 
 Two Statues, Muse and Apollo — Scheemaker. 
 
 Two Statues, Venus and Mercury. Two small Busts 
 over chimney piece. Two Porphyry Vases from Rome. 
 Infant Hercules, bronze — Guelphi. 
 
 Three incense Lamps over chimney piece — Cellini. 
 
 Benvenuti Cellini has wrought both in marble and in metal, and imitated, 
 in his works of statuary, the fame of his great master, Michael Angelo. 
 
 Three Landscapes — Bolognese. 
 
 Tables and candelabra, carved and gilt, and inlaid with 
 variegated marbles. 
 
 Twelve chairs similar to those in the Dome Room. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 413 
 
 SALOON OR TAPESTRY ROOM. 
 
 Five subjects worked after designs, by Teniers. 
 
 These tapestry pieces reach from the dado to the cornice. 
 
 Countess of Burlington and her Sister. Lady Thanet, 
 
 Aikman. 
 
 Alexander Pope. Earl of Cumberland. Four Portraits, 
 
 ovals — Kent. 
 
 These portraits are painted in an admirable style, but the painters names 
 are not mentioned. 
 
 EAST SALOON. 
 
 Flower Piece — Bapt. Seb. Ricci. 
 
 A large upright picture, a figure of Cupid in front, by Sebastian, the flowers 
 by Baptist. 
 
 Landscape — Rubens. 
 
 High trees and figures, dark in effect. 
 
 Portrait — Rembrant. 
 
 Portrait of a man in a hat, warm in colour, and powerful in effect. 
 
 Marriage at Canaan — Marco Ricci. 
 
 A fine picture, splendid architecture, and a variety of figures, clear colouring 
 and effective. 
 
 Landscape — Rubens. 
 
 A road winds, by a tomb, towards mountains. 
 
 Portrait — Vandyck. 
 
 Half-length, hair dark and long, mustaches and armour. 
 
 Duchess of Somerset — Vandyck. 
 
 Three-quarter figure, fair hair and dark eyes, left hand raised, a fine portrait. 
 
 Portrait of a little Girl — Dutch School. 
 
 Well painted in a red dress, with worked laced collar, a whole length. 
 
 Dog and Cat, and Dead Game — Sneyders. 
 
 A fine specimen of Sneyders animated subjects, a dog and cat snarling 
 over dead game. His dog pieces are life-like and vigorous. 
 
414 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Fruit Trees and Figures — 
 
 Well arranged, a female purchasing fruit of a man at the back, fruit, &c. in 
 front, on a table ; a large painting. 
 
 Portrait of a Youth — Rembrant. 
 
 In a cap, red drapery relieves the head, warm in colour, and beautifully 
 finished. 
 
 Portrait — Hayter. 
 
 With a pallet and brushes, well and clearly painted. 
 
 Saint at Prayer — Caracci. 
 
 A capital picture, three-quarter length, dark in effect. 
 
 The Nativity— Giatenti Brandi. 
 
 The light appears to come from the infant Jesus in this painting : Joseph 
 reclines in front. This artist had, indeed, a lively genius and a free pencil, 
 but he was exceedingly incorrect, and his colouring was weak and disagree- 
 able. He worked more for money than for fame. 
 
 Saint Gregory — Cavedone. 
 
 Pensive countenance with a book, a dove on the right hand. It has been 
 observed by some good judges, that this artist had three different manners, at 
 three periods of his life. His first was excellent, the second indifferent, and 
 his last feeble and miserably bad. 
 
 Game and Dogs — Sneyders. 
 
 Game highly coloured, trees and two dogs in back ground. 
 
 Fruit Piece — 
 
 Spirited and beautiful in colour ; a Turkey carpet introduced. This piece 
 combines well with the various colours of the fruit. 
 
 Two Landscapes— Franc. Mola. 
 
 Dark pictures with figures. 
 
 The Ascension— Alb an o. 
 
 A small painting in bad condition. 
 
 Lot and his two Daughters — Rotenhammer. 
 
 Landscape— Savanefeldt. 
 
 A Sketch. — His pictures have a sweetness and tenderness like Claude, but 
 they want his warmth and are not so striking in their effect ; yet, with respect 
 to his figures and animals, they are far superior to his master, Claude, both in 
 the design as well as in the outline. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 415 
 
 Portrait — Portius — Rubens. 
 
 Landscape Bolognese. 
 
 Dark wood and figures. 
 
 Portrait — Vandyck. 
 
 A fair complexion with mustacliios and hat, left hand on breast. 
 
 Portrait — Tintoretto. 
 
 Three-quarters, dark beard and dress, spiritedly painted. 
 
 Small Portrait of a Man — Rubens. 
 
 Holding a letter in his left hand, a small painting highly finished. 
 
 Diana and Endymion — Marco Ricci. 
 
 Upright painting. 
 
 Crucifixion of a Saint — Bourdenone. 
 
 Saint crucified head downwards, spirited and warm. The landscapes of 
 Bourdenone are in the taste of Titian. His touch is extremely light, his 
 colouring good, his attitudes are full of variety and generally graceful, and his 
 expression is lively and animated. 
 
 Inside of a Church — P. De Vaga. 
 
 A sketch, priest and figures at the altar. 
 
 Portrait of a Lady — Rubens. 
 
 Black silk dress, large ruff and cap. Three-quarter length. 
 
 A View in Rome — Salvator Rosa. 
 
 Boldly painted with dark effect. 
 
 Portrait of a Man — Rubens. 
 
 Dark dress and large ruff". Three-quarter length. 
 
 Procession of the Doge of Venice — P. Veronese. 
 
 A masterly sketch, about twelve feet long, containing a vast number of 
 figures, Palace of the Doge, and the Beucentaur in the back ground. 
 
 Jesuit's Church of Antwerp — Steinwick. 
 
 Remarkably carefully painted, the architectural details highly finished, per- 
 haps too much so in the distant parts, for the aerial perspective. A procession 
 entering at a side door, figures kneeling. A very fine picture. 
 
 Virgin and Child — Parmegiano. 
 
 Virgin and Child in playful expression, clearly and beautifully painted. 
 
416 HISTORY OF cms WICK. 
 
 Holy Family — John Van Eyck. 
 
 An altar-piece with wings, the centre two feet high by two and a half wide ; 
 the Virgin and child seated in the middle, with the Saviour in her lap, reaching 
 at an apple which is presented by an angel ; on one side an angel playing on 
 an instrument, to the right a man in a kneeling posture, accompanied by 
 St. Catharine , on the left his wife, wearing a sugar-loaf shaped cap, and his 
 daughter, accompanied by a female Saint. 
 
 In the wings are painted the figures of St. John the Divine- The backs of 
 these wings have each a figure painted in chiaro oscuro, representing statues. 
 
 Here is the picture which Horace Walpole in his book 
 on painting in England mentions by Jan Van Eyck. It 
 is an altar-piece, with side doors, or wings, the centre 
 piece of which is about two feet high and two and a half 
 wide. In the middle the Virgin is seated, with the child 
 on her lap, reaching at an apple, which an angel presents 
 to him ; on the other side, an angel playing on an instru- 
 ment ; on the right hand, a man kneeling, recommended by 
 St. Catharine ; on the left hand, his wife, wearing a sugar- 
 loaf shaped cap, and his daughter, recommended by another 
 female Saint. According to Horace Walpole's account, 
 these persons represent the family of Lord Clifford. On 
 the right hand is St. John the Baptist with a lamb ; on the 
 left, St. John the Evangelist with a cup, from which the 
 serpent appears The back -ground is a landscape. John 
 Van Eyck is quite out of the question ; but the picture is, 
 however, amongst the finest of his school ; in the Virgin 
 and angels it strongly reminds us of the great picture in 
 the hospital of St. John, at Bruges, which the inscription 
 assigns to Memling, and in the wings of the small altar, 
 with St. Christopher, by the same master, in the collection 
 formerly belonging to Messrs. Brissiere. Unfortunately 
 this gem is hung too high to allow the spectator duly to 
 appreciate the execution of the details, which is a principal 
 charm of the pictures of this school ; and though it is at 
 present in good preservation, the sun, to which it is very 
 much exposed, threatens its destruction. It is remarkable 
 that while manuscripts, adorned with miniatures by this 
 school, are so highly esteemed by the English that they 
 
cms wick house. 417 
 
 purchase them at high prices ;* yet with very few excep- 
 tions, they have not a taste for the oil paintings of the 
 same school, though the latter served as models for the 
 miniatures, in a still higher degree. All the qualities for 
 which the latter are valued, simplicity and depth of feeling, 
 truth to nature, and admirable execution of the details, 
 the greatness, freshness, and beauty of the colours, are 
 superior to every thing that painting has produced in the 
 ancient German style, which has the greatest affinity 
 with the gothic architecture of which the English are so 
 passionately fond. 
 
 The chief reason may, perhaps, be, that the English 
 have too much accustomed themselves to consider pictures 
 as ornaments of rooms. Hence they first see whether a 
 picture belongs to a period when art was in perfection, by 
 its chiaro oscuro perspective and animation of figures, and 
 want of spirit, feebleness of conception, negligence in the 
 execution, so common in many of the latter Italians, are 
 more readily pardoned than a certain meagerness of form, 
 awkwardness of attitude, or faults in perspective, which 
 we meet with in old Flemish painters. 
 
 An eminent genealogist has at length decided the iden- 
 tity of the portraits, and the age of the picture : — 
 
 " The occasion of my present writing is to make known 
 the real subjects of the portraits. The favourable circum- 
 stances to which I have already alluded, enabled me to 
 examine the picture sufficiently close to ascertain the 
 charges upon a row of small shields placed upon an archi- 
 tectural cornice in the upper part of it. The charges upon 
 all the shields are the same, viz: — 
 
 Azure a wolf salient argent, impaling argent, a maunche, sable. 
 
 Now neither of these coats has any thing to do with the 
 Clifford's, but the former belongs to Donne, and the latter 
 to Hastings. By a reference to the genealogy of the latter 
 illustrious house, it will be seen that Elizabeth, one of 
 the sisters of William, first lord Hastings, the lord cham- 
 
 * Not quite true, as a picture of a very small size, by Van Eyck, was lately 
 purchased for the National Gallery at a considerable price. 
 
418 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 berlain of King Edward the Fourth, was married to Sir 
 John Donne. From a pedigree of the Gwrgant MS. in 
 the College of Arms, I have ascertained the identity of 
 this Sir John Donne with " John Donne of Kydwelle," 
 who was one of the Welshmen of rank who were slain when 
 the earl of Pembroke's army, fighting on the king's party, 
 was routed at the field of Edgccote, near Banbury, on the 
 26th July, 1469. In the historical narrative, edited by 
 Mr. Flalliwell, for the Camden Society, under the title 
 of Warkworth's Chronicle, their names are thus given; and 
 among others, Harry Donne, of Pickton; John Donne, of 
 Kydwelle, &c. 
 
 " In this short list occur not only the names of Sir John 
 Donne and his brother, but it commences with his brother's 
 father-in-law, Sir Roger Vaughan, and also contains one 
 of the family into which his brother's heiress was married. 
 
 " It is clear, therefore, that Sir John Donne, and Eliza- 
 beth Hastings, his wife, are the personages whose portraits 
 are so vividly and minutely preserved in the Chiswick 
 picture. It is to be remarked that both the knight and 
 the lady wear the collar of the livery of the Rose and Sun, 
 with a white lion sejant dependant in front; this collar is 
 peculiar to the reign of Edward the Fourth, and the pic- 
 ture could not have been painted before 1461, nor could 
 it be after 1469, when Sir John Donne was slain. Whether 
 at that period it is likely to have been painted by Mendle- 
 ing, the artist mentioned by Mr. Waagen, I am not able to 
 determine, as I have not succeeded in finding any parti- 
 culars of him. 
 
 " From what causes the portraits assembled in this picture 
 were ever ascribed to the ' Lord Clifford and his family,' 
 it would be difficult to guess from any print suggested by 
 the picture itself; but, from the circumstances of its being 
 preserved in the earl of Burlington's collection, it may be 
 supposed that it was either brought from one of the man- 
 sions of the Clifford's, (the heiress of the last earl of 
 Cumberland being married to the first earl of Burlington, 
 who was, in consequence created lord Clifford, of Lanes- 
 borough, county of York,) or that it was deceptively 
 
cms WICK HOUSE. 
 
 419 
 
 recommended to lord Burlington on the plea of its repre- 
 senting some of his ancestors of that line."* 
 
 GREEN ROOM. 
 
 Portrait of Inigo Jones — Kent. 
 
 The talent displayed by Kent for painting was eclipsed by his skill displayed 
 in architecture and gardening, as well at Chiswick as elsewhere. He was a 
 painter, an architect, and the father of modern gardening. In the first cha- 
 racter he was below mediocrity; in the second, he was a restorer of the 
 science; in the last, an original, and the imitator of an art that realizes and 
 improves nature. 
 
 First Earl of Sandwich — Dobson. 
 
 In rounds over the door to the bed-room, the head very finely painted. 
 Dobson possessed much sweetness of touch, fine colouring, and a bold manner. 
 He painted both history and portrait, but chiefly the latter. He was, indeed, 
 one of the most eminent painters of his time, and King Charles called him the 
 English Tintorett. 
 
 Two Views in Venice — 
 Head of a Man — 
 
 A small head in a sombre stvle. 
 
 Van Lint. 
 Bassano. 
 
 P. Da Cortano. 
 
 Scourging of Christ — 
 
 St. John — 
 
 A small painting, highly finished. 
 
 Bassano. 
 
 A dark painting. 
 
 Sketch of a Head — Tintoretto. 
 
 Expressive head. 
 
 "Woman taken in Adultery — Alex. Veronese. 
 
 Two male figures are binding the woman : dark and effective. 
 
 Portrait — Rubens. 
 
 A finely painted portrait 
 
 Four Landscapes — Brueghel. 
 
 Dark style — Brueghel excelled in landscapes, and droll subjects, resembling 
 those of Teniers ; and he was particularly fond of representing the marches 
 of armies, robberies, sports, dances, and weddings. His best paintings are 
 only surpassed by those of Teniers. 
 
 * Gent. Mag. Nov. 1840, p. 489. 
 2 E % 
 
420 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 
 
 Holy Family — Parmegiano. 
 
 Highly finished, of miniature size. 
 
 Flora — Albano. 
 
 Flora in the clouds, supported by Cupid, very finely finished, a small picture. 
 
 Holy Family — D. Calvert. 
 
 A miniature painting — the figures of this artist were well disposed and 
 grouped, his draperies judiciously cast, his touch delicate, and the tone of his 
 colouring exceedingly pleasing. 
 
 Cleopatra — Leonardo. Da Vinci. 
 
 A profile head, with the adder at the breast. A female portrait, called Cleo- 
 patra, on account of a serpent on the bosom; but the expression of indiffe- 
 rence in the fine and handsome face, Dr. Waagen says, does not correspond 
 with the character. 
 
 Two Portraits — Holbein. 
 
 Two remarkable three-quarter portraits, in small octagon frames. 
 
 A Head — Holbein. 
 
 A fine head. This admirable artist painted equally well in oil, water 
 colours, and destemper, and he excelled all his cotemporaries in portrait. It 
 is much to be regretted, that portrait painters have so frequently omitted to 
 inscribe their pictures with the names of the persons represented; defeating 
 thereby the end generally proposed of transmitting to posterity the resemb- 
 lance of those whose actions or talents are worthy of record. 
 
 Marriage in Canaan — G. Brandi. 
 
 A small highly finished picture. 
 
 Architecture and Figures — Salviati. 
 
 A small highly finished painting. 
 
 Three Portraits — School of Rubens. 
 
 Well painted heads, in black frames. 
 
 The Broken Pitcher — an enamel 
 
 A female lamenting over a broken pitcher. 
 
 Petrarch's Laura — 
 
 Highly finished, half-length. " A female portrait, very delicate, kept under 
 glass, without any reason." 
 
 Holy Family — Gaspar Poussin. 
 
 In a fine style. 
 
RUBENS.— p. 403. 
 
 NICHOLAS POUSSIN.— p. 40' 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 421 
 
 In the East Saloon is a Cabinet painted with twenty-six 
 Historical subjects of an old date. 
 
 Boys' Head — Holbein. 
 
 Very excellent. 
 
 A good Portrait, painter unknown. 
 
 Spanish Boy — Murillo. 
 
 A beggar boy reclining eating a snail pie. A capital picture, rich in colour- 
 ing, and possesses all the expression for which his pictures are so justly 
 admired. From bis early youth, Murillo delighted in tbe delineation of fami- 
 liar life ; and more especially in those of peasants and beggar boys. 
 
 The Good Samaritan — J. Bassano. 
 
 A capital picture of tbis master, who principally succeeded in landscapes 
 and animals , be is much esteemed on account of bis admirable taste of 
 colours, whicb in bis best works are little inferior to tbose of Titian. 
 
 Madame Van Tromp — Blomaert. 
 
 An exceedingly well executed portrait. Tbis artist painted bistory and 
 landscapes, and was an excellent colourist, but defective in drawing. 
 
 First Duke of Devonshire, painter not known. 
 
 Christ and two Apostles. — P. Carravagio. 
 
 In tbe eifective gusto of this master, wbo was a rigid observer of the forms 
 and costumes of tbe ancients, so that bis works appeared with all tbe cbaracter 
 of Athenian art in the heads, and the draperies of bis figures. 
 
 Tivoli — a Water Fall. — Salvator Eos a. 
 
 Effective as to light and shade. 
 
 Four marble busts. 
 
 SUMMER PARLOUR. 
 
 Landscape — Van Gogen. 
 
 This artist was indefatigable in painting, and be possessed an uncommon 
 readiness of baud and freedom of pencil. He understood perspective well, 
 and also tbe principles of chiaro-oscuro, which enabled bim to give his pictures 
 a strong and agreeable effect. 
 
422 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 Two Ladies at Bath — 
 
 Possibly by Janet, who was called the French Holbein. 
 
 These figures represent Juliette Hyppolyte D'Estree, Marquis De Yelle, 
 and Gabrielle, the favourite of Henry the Fourth. They are represented in a 
 bath, and are much alike in complexion and features. An old woman in the 
 back ground. Painted in the flat style of the early masters. 
 
 Cattle and Figures — Rosa de Tivoli. 
 
 Portrait — Philips. 
 
 Architectural Scene. 
 
 Landscape — Claude. 
 
 A chef d'ceuvre of this master. The peculiar excellencies of Claude, are 
 the warmth and lustre of his lights, the fine keepiug of his distances, the deli- 
 cacy and variety of tints, and the sweetness and harmony diffused over the 
 whole. He is censured by Sir J. Reynolds, for introducing mythological 
 learning into his pictures ; which, however, conduct us to the tranquillity of 
 Arcadian scenes and fairy land. But he is justly esteemed as the greatest 
 of landscape painters. 
 
 Landscape and Cattle — Both. 
 
 Venus, Mars, and Vulcan — Albaxo. 
 
 Venus and Cupid — Seb. Ricci. 
 
 Madonna — Carlo Dolce. 
 
 The Madonnas of Carlo Dolce exhibit an uncommon delicacy, and pathetic 
 emotion, and the colouring in all his pictures is sweetly harmonious. 
 
 Two Portraits — Ladies, three-quarter figures — 
 
 Dutch Style. 
 Rembrant — Rembrant. 
 
 Portrait of a Priest, with a ruff. 
 
 HOUSEKEEPER'S ROOM. 
 
 Three small heads. 1. The late duke of Devonshire. 
 2. The late lord Burlington. S. The late lord Cavendish. 
 
 Portrait of a Lady in Turkish Costume, the right hand 
 raised, in the left hand a music book. Italian style, half- 
 length. 
 
 Portraits of two daughters of the third earl of Bur- 
 lington, who built the house. Half-lengths. 
 
 Portrait of a Lady in a riding habit, small. 
 
cms wick house 428 
 
 A Flower Piece, in a round, well painted. 
 Three small heads. 
 
 The Saloons are seven, en suite, and form a brilliant 
 coup d'oeil, which astonish the visitor by their splendid 
 and valuable contents of objects of vertu, and works of art. 
 
 His grace has lately added some invaluable gems col- 
 lected during his recent prolonged tour in Italy and 
 Greece. 
 
 On the walls of the grand staircase leading to the saloon, 
 are placed the following large and superb engravings. 
 
 The duchess of Devonshire. The Emperor of Russia. 
 The late countess of Burlington. His grace the duke of 
 Wellington. Her Majesty the Queen Dowager. The 
 late duke of Orleans. La Madonna de S. Sisto de Raff, 
 de Dresden. Xapoleon Le Grand. Gerard Pinxit. Views 
 of Chatsworth. Hardwick. Bolton Abbey. Bacchus 
 putting a ring on the finger of Ariadne. 
 
 Among the latest additions to the objects of vertu, is a 
 splendid present from the Emperor Nicholas, to the duke 
 of Devonshire, consisting of a magnificent clock, in a case 
 of Malacholite, surmounted with a representation of Peter 
 the Great in a storm. The emperor is standing in a boat 
 with the helm in his hand appearing firm and undaunted; 
 the boat is about a foot long, in bronze. 
 
 Underneath, on a black marble pedestal, is inscribed in 
 
 gilt letters : — 
 
 EX. DONO 
 
 MCOLAI 
 
 M.DCCCXLTV. 
 
 Two large open vases of malacholite standing on 
 pedestals of porphyry, five feet high.* 
 
 These are placed in front of the window looking on to 
 the great walk and cedar avenue, and form beautiful and con- 
 spicuous objects ; the window having been made upon a level 
 with the floor on purpose to display them to advantage. 
 
 * This mineral which is of a vivid green veined, is found in the silver mines 
 of Russia and Sweden, and is obtained massive and chrystalized in six sided 
 prisms. 
 
424 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 THE GARDENS. 
 
 It seems rather a matter of surprise, amidst the various 
 publications on the subject of rural scenery, which have 
 lately employed the pen and pencil of our writers and 
 artists, that so leading and capital a specimen of landscape 
 gardening as Chiswick exhibits should not have caught the 
 eye, and pre-occupied the powers of some one better skilled 
 perhaps in description, but not more ardent in admiration, 
 of its picturesque prospects. The following remarks are, 
 therefore, offered in elucidation of this subject. 
 
 The beauty of a pleasure ground does not consist in a 
 formal division of parts as in an edifice; it should delight 
 us by its wildness and fancy, and by an artless irregularity. 
 Art, indeed, should never appear ; and every varied scene 
 should be so happily blended as to excite pleasure and 
 admiration. This is the method to be observed ; but if 
 one part should be broken by false taste, the whole design 
 may justly incur our censure. The local advantages of 
 the place should always be consulted and retained, and the 
 study of nature will assist effectually to display them. 
 These leading principles being adopted, it may be then 
 determined where to erect the various architectural embel- 
 lishments, as the noblest edifices lose much of their beauty 
 and effect if not associated with rural objects. 
 
 Nempe inter varias nutritur silva columnas ; 
 Laudaturque domus, longosquse prospicit agros. 
 Naturam expellas furca, tamen usque recurret. 
 
 Hor. Epivt. x. lib. i. 
 
 E'en amidst new palaces we plant a grove, 
 And gardens dress, our care shews what we love. 
 That house is most, esteem'd, he wisely builds, 
 That hath a prospect to the open fields. 
 Strive to expel nature stroug — 'tis in vain, 
 With double force she will return again. 
 
 Creech . 
 
 The stately column may terminate an avenue ; the appro- 
 priate temple should rise on easy sloped lawns, under 
 hanging groves ; grottos rural and retired should border 
 
cms wick house. 425 
 
 on the reflecting lake ; cascades should be romantically 
 disposed among bold and misshapen rocks. Thus to surprise 
 and please is the essence of taste in the composition of 
 the landscape ; and whoever is happy enough to accomplish 
 these objects, has attained the whole art of ornamental 
 gardening. The poets of all ages have painted the beauties 
 of nature in such lively colours, that it is surprising that 
 no imitative genius should have sprung up, and exploded 
 the tasteless conceits that so long prevailed, by realizing 
 their charming descriptions. How finely, and with what 
 judgment and taste does Homer sing the beauties of the 
 garden. The most ancient and renowned of which is that of 
 Alcinous. It was indeed planted by the poet himself, and 
 enriched by him with the fairy gift of perpetual verdure 
 and eternal summer, and surpassing anything of the kind 
 hitherto seen. The whole extent of this beautiful garden 
 enclosed an area of four acres. We are therefore sure, 
 that as late as Homer's time, this extent comprehended 
 orchard, vineyard, and kitchen garden, and was a stretch 
 of luxury that the world had never before beheld ; and it 
 formed that boasted paradise which 
 
 The gods ordained 
 To grace Alcinous and his happy land. 
 
 Pope's Homer. 
 
 Sir William Temple has remarked that the following 
 description contains all the justest rules and provisions 
 which conduce to the composition of the best gardens : — 
 
 Close to the gates a spacious garden lies, 
 
 From storms defended, and inclement skies. 
 
 Four acres was the allotted space of ground, 
 
 Fenc'd with a green enclosure all around. 
 
 Beds of all various herbs, for ever green, 
 
 In beauteous order terminate the scene. 
 
 Two plenteous fountains the whole prospect crown'd ; 
 
 This thro' the gardens leads its streams around, 
 
 Visits each plant, and waters all the ground; 
 
 While that in pipes beneath the palace flows, 
 
 And thence its currents on the town bestows ; 
 
 To various use their various streams they bring, 
 
 The people one, and one supplies the kiug. 
 
 Homer's Odyss. b. vii. 
 
4£6 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 
 
 Milton has also sung the beauties of the garden with 
 much taste in the following description; but we must 
 recollect that he had never seen a glimpse of the sublime 
 vision which he has so finely imagined. The conceits in 
 Italian gardens, and in those of Theobald's or Nunsuch, 
 were the brightest originals that his memory could furnish, 
 but his intellectual eye saw a nobler prospect, so little did 
 he suffer by the loss of sight. His boundless imagination 
 told him how a plan might be disposed that would embellish 
 nature, and restore art to its proper office, by the just 
 improvements and embellishment of her various works : — 
 
 Thus was this place 
 
 A happy rural seat of various hue : 
 
 Groves whose rich trees wept odorous gums and balm ; 
 
 Others, whose fruit, buruish'd with golden rind, 
 
 Hung amiable, Hesperian fables true, 
 
 If true, here only, and of delicious taste. 
 
 Betwixt them lawns, or level downs, and flocks 
 
 Grazing the tender herb, were interpos'd; 
 
 Or palmy hillock, or the flow'ry lap 
 
 Of some irriguous valley spread her store. 
 
 Paradise Lost, b. iv 1. 246. 
 
 From these delightful but imaginary scenes of the poets, 
 we now turn our attention to the labours of modern artists, 
 which, it seems generally acknowledged, have been more 
 successfully exerted in this country than in any other part 
 of Europe. But these desirable and felicitous improve- 
 ments have not been accomplished without having to 
 struggle and contend with the bad taste and inveterate 
 habits of foreign examples, among the most distinguished 
 of which may be mentioned the celebrated Le Notre, who 
 was invited here on a mission to improve our taste ; he 
 was the first gardener of his time, but he tortured nature 
 with all that force of genius which was then the prevailing 
 mode ; his designs were very extensive, though they were 
 puerile, for he never consulted nature but to pervert her 
 beauties. His system consisted of long tiresome avenues, 
 straight canals, ponds, square and oblong, these composedhis 
 favourite waters ; mounts regular and uniform, naked and 
 unadorned ; temples without shade .; crowds of monkey 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 427 
 
 figures marked the clipped holly, the yew, and the box ; 
 while the flaming red gravel gave its assistance in a variety 
 of zig-zag walks to dazzle the eye, in tracing the formal 
 round of every childish parterre. 
 
 Grove nods at grove, each alley Las a brother, 
 And half the platform just reflects the other. 
 
 Pope's Moral Essays, Ep. iv. 1. 116. 
 
 Instead of those delightful sylvan scenes which emanate 
 from the hand of nature, those scenes which captivate on 
 the first sight, and engage the attention, we regret to see 
 her mutilated and restrained by art misapplied ; we are 
 indeed everywhere conscious of pompous expense, and 
 useless prodigality ; we look around and find a tiresome 
 sameness ; our expectations are worn out, and we retire 
 unsatisfied and disappointed. But these absurdities in the 
 art of landscape gardening have at length disappeared, 
 thanks to the genius of a Bridgeman, a Kent,* a Brown, 
 and a Loudon; and the advocates of magnificence and 
 regularity admit the propriety of the present improved 
 taste, so happily displayed in the Arcadian scenes described 
 in the folio whig pages. 
 
 Mason, alluding to the mediocrity of Kent as a painter, 
 pays this fine tribute to his excellence in the decoration 
 of rural scenery : — 
 
 He felt 
 The pencil'd power ; but fir'd by higher forms 
 Of beauty, than that pencil knew to paint, 
 Work'd with the living hues that nature lent, 
 And realiz'd his landscapes. 
 
 On descending from the steps of the portico, you enter 
 the gardens by the great gravel walk, which is one hund- 
 red and thirty yards long, and twenty-five feet wide : it 
 extends nearly to the high road leading to Kew bridge. 
 
 * In the church, in the Earl of Burlington's vault, is interred the illustrious 
 Kent, a painter, architect, and the father of modern gardening. He frequently 
 declared, it is said, that he caught his taste in gardening from reading the 
 picturesque descriptions of Spencer. However this maybe, the designs which 
 he made for the works of that poet are incontestible proofs that these pictu- 
 resque descriptions had no effect upon his executive powers as a painter. 
 
428 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 This walk is adorned with magnificent cedar trees, the 
 average circumference of which is sixteen feet, at about 
 three feet high, and about fifty feet in height ; large hand- 
 some stone vases and terms border this walk alternately 
 with the cedars, behind which is an avenue of limes ; and 
 at the southern extremity of this walk, at high tide, a 
 lively vieAY of the Thames is attained, with the passing- 
 steamers, barges, and boats. Between the trees are also 
 placed antique busts upon terms, three of which are thus 
 inscribed :— SOKPATHS— AYKOVTOS.— L. A. Verus. 
 
 The Arcade. — This building forms a conspicuous and 
 pleasing object to this part of the gardens ; it is in form 
 of an oblong square, consisting of five arches, surmounted 
 by an entablature and balustrade, and is divided by columns 
 of the Corinthian order, having a double front of the same 
 form and proportions, the ends being open with a single 
 arch; through these arches is obtained a view of the 
 Italian garden facing the conservatory. In front of this 
 arcade are three arches formed of Irish yews, which divide 
 the long walk and the adjoining lawn. 
 
 The arcade is flanked by a magnificent yew hedge, 
 extending ninety feet on each side, twenty feet high, and 
 seven feet broad, and capable of sustaining the weight of 
 a man. The sunk fence in front is crossed by an orna- 
 mental iron bridge, on the slope of which are some 
 beautiful specimens of Magnolias and other choice shrubs. 
 Here is also a splendid specimen of the Indian Cedar, 
 called Cedrus Deodata. 
 
 At the southern end of this yew hedge stands a gladiator, 
 and at the northern end Hercules with his club, and in 
 the intervening space are placed a female Grecian head, 
 a Roman empress, a bust, a satyr, and Cain killing Abel, 
 a group larger than life, by Scheemaker, much admired as 
 one of his best performances. 
 
 The Flower Garden in front of the conservatory is laid 
 out in the Italian stile of geometrical divisions, and 
 abounds in all the choicest beauties of the floral kingdom, 
 disposed in beds of various forms, and consisting of groups of 
 Verbena, Petuonia, Calceolaria, JEnothera, Fuchsia, Salvias, 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 429 
 
 Anagalis ; the plants are arranged according to the colours 
 of their flowers, and may be seen in their greatest perfec- 
 tion in the month of July. A large collection of standard 
 roses is planted throughout, and the centre walk is lined 
 on either side by Robinia Inermes, and the whole is sur- 
 rounded by Chinese roses. 
 
 Here we see collected into the small space of a few 
 acres, the most beautiful and wonderful of the natural 
 ornaments of the earth ; which, though transplanted from 
 their natural soil, are here fostered and tended with that 
 anxious care, which only the devotion of science can ever 
 dictate. 
 
 The Orangery is a handsome building, and appears to 
 have formed part of the old premises, as may be seen in 
 Kip's Bird's-eye View. It is now filled with orange trees 
 in great perfection, perfuming the surrounding neighbour- 
 hood to a considerable distance. 
 
 The Roman obelisk. In the grounds near the road 
 leading to Brentford, is placed an obelisk, the base of 
 which is antique, and is enriched with two figures stand- 
 ing close together holding a child by the hand; the 
 allusion is unknown. 
 
 Crossing the iron bridge before-mentioned, you obtain 
 a view of the back lawn, and from this point proceeding 
 along the broad gravel walk running parellel with the 
 south fence, you obtain a view of Inigo Jones's gate, lead- 
 ing to the great gravel walk in the centre of the back 
 front of the house, which presents a view of the magnificent 
 cedars forming the avenue leading to the Poet's corner ; 
 a semicircular alcove so called, planted with evergreens ; 
 under which stand upon pedestals three antique statues 
 larger than life, which are said to represent Caesar, Pom- 
 pey, and Cicero. They were brought by the earl of 
 Burlington from Adrian's villa, near Rome, and they 
 have excited, and have merited the admiration of all men 
 of taste for the last hundred years ; but time and exposure 
 to the weather will soon reduce their fragile remains to a 
 confused and unshapen mass. 
 
 Around this verdant alcove among other objects of 
 
430 HISTORY OF CHTSW1CK. 
 
 vertu stand three antique busts upon terms thus 
 inscribed:— HSI0A02— 0MHP02. — P. Virgilius. 
 Near the preceding are placed on the turf, twelve 
 antique stone seats, ornamented with drapery and festoons, 
 each twenty -five inches wide, eighteen inches deep, and 
 eighteen inches high, used by the Roman senators in the 
 forum, they were brought from Rome by the earl of 
 Burlington. These are doubtless the identical seats upon 
 which the senators were reposing in majestic gravity and 
 awful silence, when Brennus entered Rome ; their vene- 
 rable appearance at first induced the barbarians to consider 
 them as beings of a superior order, and they were ready 
 to offer them adoration ; but one more forward than the 
 rest put forth his hand to stroke the beard of Papirius, 
 who lifting up his ivory wand struck the savage to the 
 ground. Placed on low pedestals are two lions couchant. 
 A satyr with a fawn thrown across his shoulders, by Schee- 
 maker. 
 
 The mount and ten ace at the southern end of the canal 
 were made with the ground dug from the bed of the canal, 
 by order of lord Burlington; adjoining is an elevated 
 terrace and mount, commanding pleasing and extensive 
 views of the house and gardens, and of the villages of 
 Roehampton, Barnes, and Mortlake ; and at high water 
 the river Thames with its boats, barges, and steamers ; in 
 the distance may be seen the pagoda in Kew gardens. 
 
 The roving sight 
 
 Pursues its pleasing course o'er neighbouring hills, 
 Of many different form and different hue ; 
 Bright with ripe corn, or green with grass, or dark 
 With clover's purple bloom. 
 
 Scott's Am well. 
 
 The Conservatory is considered to be an original and 
 successful instance of the combination of architectural 
 forms and effect, with the peculiar requirements of a 
 building for such purposes. 
 
 It extends in length three hundred and ten feet, and 
 twenty-one feet wide, and consists of a principal apart- 
 ment in the centre, surmounted by a graceful cupola, 
 
CHISWICK HOVSE. 
 
 431 
 
 upwards of twenty feet in height ; from this extend two 
 wings terminating in ornamental pavilions. The whole 
 building is heated bv fire flues. 
 
 Here may be seen numerous and fine specimens of 
 orchidaceous plants, Camillias, Rhododendrons, Azalias, 
 Oranges, Banksias, Ericas ; but to attempt any description 
 of the plants is out of the question, where the number is 
 so great. 
 
 The Rosery is a circular plot of ground laid out in com- 
 partments, and surrounded by vases, charged with mytho- 
 logical subjects, executed in a capital style. In the centre 
 is a column surmounted with a statue of the Venus de 
 Medicis. The entablature is antique, and appears to have 
 formed originally a part of the interior of a building. 
 
 The Canal. — On the left hand an easy slope leads' down 
 to the Serpentine Canal, which extends the whole length 
 of the pleasure grounds and park. A daily supply of fresh 
 water is obtained from the Thames, by a cutting recently 
 formed for that purpose. The landscape which starts upon 
 the view on approaching the water, is exceedingly cheer- 
 ful and romantic, but not extensive ; some weeping willow 
 trees adorn the sides near the Palladian bridge. Boats 
 and watermen are kept on the canal for the use of the 
 company, when parties of pleasure are given by his Grace 
 the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
432 HISTORY OF CHISWIOK. 
 
 The Temple. — This building, situated on the right 
 bank of the canal, fronts the east, and is circular, with a 
 portico consisting of four columns of the Ionic order, and 
 seems properly placed here as an appropriate ornament 
 to embellish the vista, and it forms a striking object in 
 unison with the beauty of the surrounding scenery. 
 
 Lo ! numerous domes a Burlington confess : 
 For kings and senates fit, the palace see ! 
 The temple breathing a religious awe, 
 Even fram'd with elegance the plain retreat: 
 The private dwelling. Certain in his aim, 
 Taste never idly working, saves expense. 
 
 Thomson's Liberty, p. v. 691. 
 
 Near this is a water basin, with an obelisk in the middle 
 in the form of Cleopatra's needle. Here the grounds are 
 formed into a series of footsteps resembling a Roman 
 amphitheatre, at the bottom of each circular gradation are 
 placed Cyprus and Bay trees ; this was a favourite spot of 
 the late duchess of Devonshire, who took great delight in 
 forming and improving its various beauties, surrounded 
 daily by her numerous admiring friends, and congenial 
 spirits. 
 
 The Duchess of Devonshire possessed a highly cultivated 
 taste for poetry and the fine arts, and distinguished herself 
 very early as a warm admirer, as well as a liberal encourager 
 of those who had adorned and cultivated them ; and her 
 Grace is allowed to have been one of the most accomplished 
 ladies of the age, Of all the characters of antiquity she 
 appears most to have resembled Cornelia, daughter of 
 Metellus Scipio, and wife of Pompey. " This female," 
 says Plutarch, "possessed many charms besides her beauty; 
 she was well versed in polite literature, played upon the 
 lyre, and had made considerable progress in the study of 
 philosophy. What is still more wonderful, she exhibited 
 none of that petulance and affectation which such studies 
 are apt to produce in women of her age." In the cause 
 of our great English orator, Mr. Fox, the duchess is said 
 to have interested herself frequently and essentially. 
 In addition to this, that celebrated statesman reaped 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 483 
 
 considerable benefit from her daily conversation, in imita- 
 tion of Cicero, who in order to qualify himself for the forum 
 spent the intervals of his leisure in the company of the 
 most accomplished Roman ladies, with Laelia, Mucia, the 
 two Licinise, one of them the wife of L. Scipio, the other 
 of the younger Marius.* Of authors most celebrated 
 among us for polite composition, there are many who have 
 made honourable mention of the admirable attainments of 
 this illustrious and amiable lady. Messrs. Hayley, She- 
 ridan, Pratt, Tickle, the two Colmans, Mr. Fox, Lord 
 Carlisle, and almost every other name dear to the muses 
 of this country, have in various forms of tribute offered 
 incense at her shrine. Above all, she had the superior 
 merit of never having failed to advocate the cause of 
 misfortune. 
 
 When we therefore call to mind the accomplishments of 
 this exalted personage, it causes a feeling of regret to 
 consider that no statue has been erected to her memory 
 on the spot which was the theatre of her talents and 
 virtues ; for surely the hand of a Chantry or a Bailey, 
 might be well employed upon such a grateful demonstra- 
 tion ; but for which we have hitherto looked in vain! 
 
 Out side the north-east front, exposed to the weather, 
 but within recesses, are placed two fine antique busts of the 
 Roman emperors Augustus and Vespasian, larger than 
 life, which are decidedly a' long the finest specimens of all 
 these collections, and strike the spectator with surprise and 
 admiration. 
 
 The statuary marble of the ancients was principally 
 Parian marble, which is one of the least destructible mate- 
 rials ; of this we have proof in those precious statues, which 
 are the eternal monuments of the genius of the artists of 
 ancient Greece and Rome. They have supported the 
 injuries of twenty centuries, while the scythe of time has 
 been made harmless by the brilliant polish of their surface. 
 The excellence of this marble lies in the fineness of its 
 
 * Legimus epistolas Cornelise, matris Gracckorum — auditus est nobis Lseliae, 
 Caii filioe, ssepe sernio: ergo illam patris elegantia tinctam vidimus ; et Alius 
 ejus Mucius arnbas, quorum sermo rnibi fuit uotus — Cic. in Brut. 58, 
 
 2 F 
 
434 HISTORY OF CHISAVICK. 
 
 grain ; or rather it may be said to be without any grain. It 
 has two other qualities which distinguish it ; the one is, 
 its softness, so that it can be worked almost as easily as 
 wax ; hence hair, feathers, and such things can be formed 
 of it with strength and delicacy. Its other quality is, 
 that in colour it approaches to that of human flesh, while 
 all other marbles have either a dazzling whiteness, or a 
 cloudy darkness.* 
 
 Inigo Jones's Gateway was originally erected at 
 Chelsea, by that celebrated architect, on the premises 
 which had formerly belonged to Sir Thomas More, but 
 which were afterwards occupied by Lionel Cranfield, Earl 
 of Middlesex, and by Henry, second Duke of Beaufort. 
 
 After having stood empty for several years, Beaufort 
 House was purchased by Sir Hans Sloane, in the year 
 1736, and was pulled down in 1740. This gate, which 
 was built by Inigo Jones, was given by Sir Hans Sloane 
 to the Earl of Burlington, it consists of a portico, sup- 
 ported by two columns of the Doric order on one side, 
 and pilasters on the other ; on two stone tablets on either 
 side are inscribed — Builded by Inigo Jones, at Chelsea, 
 m.dc.xxi. Given by Sir Hans Sloane, Baronet, to the 
 Earl of Burlington, m.dcc.xxxvii. The removal of this 
 gateway occasioned the following lines by Pope : — 
 
 PASSENGER. 
 
 Oil, gate, how cam'st thou here ? 
 
 I was brought from Chelsea last year, 
 Batter d with wind and weather ; 
 Inigo Jones put me together. 
 
 Sir Hans Sloane 
 
 Let me alone, 
 Burlington brought me hither. 
 
 A lady soon after, seeing a gate carried by two men, 
 made these lines extempore, in allusion to the former : — 
 
 O, gate, where art thou goiug! 
 But it was not so knowing 
 
 Winkelman, Hist, de l'Art, torn. ii. p, 61. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 435 
 
 As yonder gate, 
 
 That talk'd of late ; 
 So on it went without reply, 
 At least I heard it not — not I.* 
 
 The Wilderness is planted with forest trees, and inter- 
 sected with gravel walks. The adjoining park gives food 
 to horses, cows, sheep, and that very rare animal the 
 Neapolitan pig, which is here in line condition, though 
 very seldom seen in this country. 
 
 The Fruit Garden claimed the notice of the descriptive 
 poet a century ago : — 
 
 While you, my Lord, bid stately piles ascend, 
 Or in your Chiswick bow'rs enjoy your friend ; 
 Where Pope unloads the boughs within his reach, 
 The purple vine, blue plum, and blushing peach. + 
 
 In the fruit garden the range of hot-houses exceeds 
 three hundred feet : they are appropriated to pines and 
 early forcing. 
 
 The pits are on an excellent plan, being covered with 
 wooden shutters, a mode of protection from cold and rain 
 superior to any other for frames, and even green-houses. 
 
 Napoleon's Walk. This walk extends in length two 
 hundred and forty yards, is thirteen feet wide, and bordered 
 by yew hedges fifteen feet high • at the northern extremity 
 is an alcove, in the centre of which is placed, on a pedestal, 
 a capital bust of Napoleon, in marble. u Is there under 
 heaven a more glorious and refreshing object of the kind," 
 asks the amiable naturalist, " than an impregnable hedge 
 of about four hundred feet in length, nine feet high, and 
 five in diameter, which I can shew in my ruined garden 
 at Saye's Court (thanks to the Czar of Muscovy), at any 
 time of the year, glittering with its armed and varnished 
 leaves; the latter with standards at orderly distances, 
 blushing with their natural coral ? It mocks the rudest 
 assaults of the weather, beasts, or hedge-breakers — Et 
 ilium nemo impune lacessit."+ 
 
 * Faulkner's Hist, of Chelsea, vol. i. p. 135. 
 
 t Gay's Poems, v. ii. p. 12. Epistle to the Right Hon. the Earl of Bur 
 Jington. London, 1745. 
 
 I Evelyn's Sylva, Hunter's edition, vol. i. p. 265. 
 
 2 f2 
 
436 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Many of the statues and busts placed in various parts of 
 these gardens are antique ; and the visitor will scarcely 
 avoid expressing his surprise at seeing them exposed in 
 the open air to the vicissitudes of an island climate 
 
 In the year 1828, the Duke of Devonshire obtained an 
 act of parliament, enabling him to form a new road at a 
 further distance from the house than the ancient thorough- 
 fare ; a circumstance of alteration which does not cause 
 any inconvenience to the passenger, while it bestows a 
 desirable air of retirement on the premises. 
 
 The entrance to the mansion from Turnham Green is 
 through an ornamented iron gate, painted white and gilt, 
 the centre of which is surmounted by the Devonshire 
 arms. This gate formerly stood in the front of Heathneld 
 House, at Turnham Green. 
 
 Whether this delightful place be considered as a garden 
 or as a park, its beauties every way correspond; the 
 elegance of its buildings throw a graceful lustre upon the 
 whole, nor is it loaded with superfluity, and it may justly 
 claim a comparison with the most celebrated seats in this 
 country. 
 
 In the year 1814, the emperor Alexander of Russia, 
 the King of Prussia, Marshal Blucher, Count PlatofF, and 
 many illustrious persons in attendance on those monarchs, 
 were entertained by the Duke of Devonshire, at Chiswick 
 House. 
 
 In the year 184£, in the month of June, Her Majesty 
 and His Royal Highness Prince Albert honoured His 
 Grace the Duke of Devonshire with a visit. 
 
 On Saturday, June 8th, 1844, this villa was the scene 
 of one of the most splendid fetes ever given in this country. 
 It was honoured by the presence of the Emperor of Russia, 
 the King of Saxony, His Royal Highness Prince Albert, 
 the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Duchess of 
 Gloucester, and about seven hundred members of the prin- 
 cipal noble families of the kingdom. 
 
 The whole suite of apartments on the ground floor were 
 fitted up as a series of grand saloons, opening on to the 
 lawn. 
 
CHISWICK HOUSE. 437 
 
 These apartments, uniformly decorated, were devoted 
 to the general company, while two additional rooms were 
 prepared for the accommodation of the Emperor and the 
 other illustrious visitors. The apartment where the royal 
 personages breakfasted was fitted up as a gorgeous tent. 
 The gardens were in the most perfect order, and presented 
 a beautiful appearance. 
 
 The two splendid bands of the coldstream guards and of 
 the royal horse guards (blue), were stationed upon the 
 lawn, and performed a series of the most popular airs 
 during the day. At five minutes to two the august visitors 
 and their respective suites arrived in Her Majesty's car- 
 riages. Upon the royal cavalcade entering the grounds, 
 the imperial standard was hoisted on the summit of the 
 mansion, the royal standard of Great Britain floating at the 
 same time over the arcade. The general company were 
 received by the Duke of Devonshire beneath the grand 
 portico. The imperial and royal visitors were handed by 
 the duke from their carriages, and led by his grace to the 
 portico, where they were first introduced to Lord Morpeth 
 and other family connexions of the house of Cavendish. 
 On alighting, the Emperor most cordially extended his 
 right hand to the Duke of Devonshire ; the Emperor and 
 the noble Duke then exchanged embraces, and saluted 
 each other in the Russian fashion. 
 
 The royal visitors were conducted by the noble host to 
 the saloon, here the Emperor held a sort of drawing room, 
 at which most of the company were present. The summer 
 parlour had been fitted up in the style of a royal military 
 pavilion of the fourteenth century. On a white ground, 
 striped red and blue, the arms of the Emperor and our 
 Queen, with the badges of the House of Cavendish were 
 splendidly emblazoned and variously displayed. 
 
 In the centre of the Saloon covers were laid for sixteen 
 persons; the repast being properly a dejeuner, silver plate 
 was only used; the larger and more richly chased 
 standard pieces being filled with clusters of fruit. At the 
 head of the table sat Prince Albert and the Duchess of 
 Buccleuch, on the right the Duchess of Sutherland, the 
 
438 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Emperor of Russia, the Duchess of Cambridge, the Duke 
 of Devonshire, the King of Saxony, and the Duke of 
 Cambridge. At the bottom of the table sat the Duke of 
 Wellington, and the Duke of Buccleuch. On the left, 
 Count Minkowitz, the Count St. Aulaire, the Princess 
 Radzinski, and Baroness Brunow. 
 
 At the conclusion of the repast, the royal party retired 
 to the lawn at the back of the villa. 
 
 In about half an hour, the Emperor taking the Duchesses 
 of Cambridge and Sutherland, and accompanied by the noble 
 host, promenaded the lawns, and proceeded to the magnifi- 
 cent cedar walk, where, beneath one of the slpendid trees 
 a sort of court was held by the Emperor, surrounded by 
 those only inferior to himself in rank, by whom the rest 
 of the company, from the highest to the most humble 
 were successively presented to his Majesty. There was 
 an easy freedom in the Emperor's manner, which had the 
 effect of entirely removing any degree of restraint that 
 might otherwise have been felt by many persons. 
 
 Shortly before four o'clock the royal party retired into 
 the villa, after which the illustrious visitors, having first 
 taken leave of the general company, took their departure. 
 
 The noble duke accompanied his illustrious guests to 
 the grand entrance, where, upon entering the royal car- 
 riage, the Emperor in feeling terms expressed the high 
 gratification he had derived from the opportunity afforded 
 to him by Ids Grace of meeting so large a number of the 
 English aristocracy. 
 
 The King of Saxony, and his Royal Highness Prince 
 Albert, also complimented his Grace on the splendour of 
 the entertainment lie had afforded, and the whole of the 
 illustrious personages having taken leave of his Grace, the 
 royal cortege drove rapidly off in the direction of town, 
 under a royal salute, the joint bands again playing the 
 Russian national hymn as the Emperor passed, and the 
 Russian flag being lowered. 
 

 
»d6boO)dGW)dCt<^£$@\ 
 
 WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 
 
 Sergeant Painter to the King, by appointment, 1757. 
 
 e 
 
 ^^pjQQ jo^pfor)TOC'f(X))9Cfc^ PC''i^^sgq y)W(?(TO) 
 
WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 439 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Hogarth -House — William Hogarth, Esq. — Holland the Actor — M. de Louther- 
 bourgh — Arthur Murphy, Esq. — Mawson Row — Bishop Mawson — Chis- 
 wick Chapel — British Schools — High House, Chiswick Mall — Count of 
 Nassau — Mr. William Sharp — Mr. Henry Neele — Mr. Charles Whittingham- 
 
 Hogarth. — This great and original genius was des- 
 cended from a family settled in Westmoreland. His grand- 
 father, a plain yeoman, had three sons, the youngest of 
 whom went, at an early age, to London, and was the father 
 of the celebrated "William Hogarth, who was born in 
 1698.* 
 
 The memoirs of celebrated artists, as well as those of 
 eminent poets, are equally interesting to those who admire 
 their genius, as to those who design to tread in their foot- 
 steps. Every one feels a curiosity to learn by what accident 
 they were guided in their choice of profession, and by 
 what studies and means they reached that high degree of 
 perfection, which procures for them the suffrages of their 
 own age, and the admiration of posterity. Their reflec- 
 tions on the art or the sciences which they profess are 
 precepts that their followers collect, and by which they 
 are frequently enabled to shorten the path that leads to 
 celebrity. 
 
 Though the father was a man of some learning himself, 
 he does not seem to have been anxious to give his son the 
 same qualification. His outset in life was not the most 
 promising. He was bound apprentice to a silversmith, 
 to learn the single branch of engraving arms and cyphers 
 on metal ; but before his time was expired he felt that the 
 impulse of his genius directed him to painting. 
 
 His apprenticeship had no sooner expired, than he 
 
 * See Life of Hogarth, by Nichols, Walpole's Anecdotes of Painters, vol. iv. 
 
440 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 entered into the academy in St. Martin's Lane, and studied 
 drawing from the life, in which, as Walpole observes, 
 " he never attained to great excellence. It was character — 
 the passions — the soul, that his genius was given him to 
 copy. In colouring he proved no greater master; his 
 force lay in expression, not in tints and chiaro oscuro." 
 
 At this period of life Hogarth was doomed to experience 
 the distresses which never fail to result from the union of 
 indigence and ambition. While he was laying the foun- 
 dation of his future celebrity, he was exposed to all the 
 contempt that penury can produce. But unlike many who 
 are desirous of burying in oblivion the scantiness of their 
 early fortunes, Hogarth was always fond of contrasting 
 the necessities of his youth with the affluence of his maturer 
 age. " I remember the time," he would say, " when I 
 have gone moping into the city, without a shilling in my 
 pocket, but as soon as I had received there ten guineas for 
 a plate, I have returned home, put on my sword, and 
 sallied out again with all the confidence of a man who 
 had ten thousand pounds in his pocket." Hogarth began 
 business on his own account about 1720. His first employ- 
 ment appears to have been the engraving of arms of shop 
 bills. He next agreed to design and furnish plates for 
 booksellers ; but except a set of plates, executed in 1726, 
 for a duodecimo edition of Hudibras, none of his early 
 productions could claim the least notice. On the success 
 of those plates, however, Hogarth commenced painter, 
 and a painter of portraits, the most ill-suited for a man 
 whose turn was certainly not flattery, and whose talents 
 were not adapted to look on vanity without a sneer. Yet 
 his facility in, and the method he chose of painting families 
 and conversation pieces in small, then a novelty, drew to 
 him a prodigious business for some time. Hogarth's port- 
 raits are indeed well painted ; there is a liveliness of coun- 
 tenance, and an animation of expression peculiar to them. 
 
 " Never did I derive," says Mr. Hartley Coleridge, in 
 one of his charming essays, " never did I derive from 
 Hogarth's paintings any unfriendly feeling towards my 
 kind — never did thev shake my faith in the true nobility 
 
WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 441 
 
 of man's nature, which is enobled, not by what it is, but 
 by what it should be. So far from it, I affirm that they 
 bear irrefragable testimony to a principle, a moral law in 
 man, that is above the understanding ; not begotten upon 
 sense, nor constructed by custom, self-love, or animal 
 sensibility, but implanted by the Divinity as the key and 
 counterpart to the law from on high." 
 
 In 1730, Hogarth formed a matrimonial union with the 
 daughter of Sir James Thornhill, himself an artist of 
 considerable eminence.* This union was a stolen one, 
 and consequently without the approbation of the father ; 
 who, considering the youth of his child, then barely eigh- 
 teen, and the slender finances of her husband, who had 
 not emerged from obscurity, was not easily reconciled to 
 the match. 
 
 Our artist about this time began his series of prints 
 entitled, the " Harlot's Progress," and was advised by 
 Lady Thornhill to have some of the scenes in it placed in 
 the way of his father-in-law. Accordingly Mrs. Hogarth 
 undertook one morning to convey some of them into his 
 dining room. On his rising he enquired from whence 
 they came, and being told by whom they were introduced, 
 he observed, " Very well, the man who can furnish repre- 
 sentations like these, can also maintain a wife without a 
 portion." This remark was designed as an excuse for 
 keeping his own purse strings close, but it was not long- 
 before he became reconciled and generous to the young 
 couple. Another still more beneficial effect of this exercise 
 of his talents, was, that it introduced him to the notice of 
 the public, and laid a solid foundation for his future fame. 
 
 Soon after his marriage, Hogarth had summer lodgings 
 at South Lambeth, and being intimate with Mr. Tyers, 
 the proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens, he contributed to the 
 improvement of that agreeable place, by the hint of embel- 
 lishing it with paintings, some of which were sketched by 
 his own truly comic pencil. A gold ticket of admission 
 
 * Extract from the Parish Register of Paddington. 
 
 " William Hogarth, Esq. and Jane Tkornlrill, of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, 
 married Mar. 23, 1729." — Ly sons' Environs, vol. ii. p. 604. 
 
44£ HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 for himself and his friends, bespoke the gratitude of the 
 proprietor for his assistance.* 
 
 The Harlot's Progress was succeeded by the Rake's 
 Progress and other performances of a like description, 
 which must be too well known to render any character of 
 them necessary in this place. These were sold by him at 
 his house in Leicester-fields, where wealth and reputation 
 rewarded his exertions. Soon after the conclusion of the 
 peace of Aix la Chapelle, Hogarth availed himself of that 
 opportunity to visit France. In that country he manifested 
 a narrowness of sentiment which frequently adheres to 
 persons whose prejudices have not been removed by 
 education or travel. He was dissatisfied with every thing 
 he saw. If an elegant circumstance either in the furniture 
 
 * Thus runs the anecdote, as related to me by Mrs. Lewis : — " On passing 
 the tavern one morning, which was then kept by Jonathan Tyers, and open, 
 together with the gardens, as a place of recreation daily, Hogarth saw Tyers, 
 and observing thai he looked particularly melancholy said, " How now, master 
 Tyers, why so sad this morning ?" " Sad times, master Hogarth, and my 
 reflections were on a subject not likely to brighten a man's countenance," said 
 Tyers, " I was thinking, do you know, which would be likely to prove the 
 easiest death — hanging or drowning." " Oh!" said Hogarth, " is it come to 
 that," " very nearly, I assure you," said Tyers ; " then," replied Hogarth, 
 ** the remedy you think of applying is not calculated to mend the matter — 
 don't hang 01 drown to day. I have a thought that may save the necessity of 
 either, and will communicate it to you to-morrow morning : call at my house 
 in Leicester Fields." The interview took place, and the result was, the con- 
 cocting and getting up the first " Ridotto al Fresco," under which denomination 
 it was announced, aod being then a novelty in England, proved a very successful 
 hit ; and from that time must be dated the commencement of that delightful 
 and justly celebrated place of public amusement. Hogarth was then in pros- 
 perity, and assisted Tyers, more essentially than by the few pieces he paiuted 
 for the decorations ; and Mr. Tyers presented him with the gold medal in 
 question, as a ticket of admission for his family and friends. On the death of 
 Mrs. Lewis, this medal became the property of my uncle-in-law, P. F. Hart, 
 Esq. of the Hayniarket, chief clerk of the duchy of Cornwall office, and second 
 clerk of the kitchen to George the Third. On the death of tliis gentleman, 
 the ticket, then current at the gardens for a limited number (six persons) on 
 each night of performance, became, by his will, the property of Captain Tuck, 
 of Lambeth, who, after the death of Mrs. Lewis, had taken some trouble, and 
 introduced the medal, which had been dormant for some years, to Mr. Barrat, 
 the then proprietor, who politely observed, that the medal was an honour to 
 the establishment, and should be admitted as above stated, six persons, or as 
 he termed it, " one coach." The gallant captain has since gone to bis ancestors, 
 and where the medal is now I know not." — J. Phillips. 
 
WILLIAM H0GA11TH, ESQ. 443 
 
 or the ornaments of a room was pointed out as deserving 
 approbation, his constant reply was, What then ? But it is 
 French ! In the streets he was often rudely clamorous. 
 A tattered bag, or a pair of silk stockings, with holes in 
 them, drew from him a torrent of imprudent language. 
 This unseasonable pleasantry was completely extinguished 
 by an unexpected event. Hogarth was taking a sketch of 
 the gate of Calais, when he was seized and carried as a 
 spy before the governor of the town. After a vigorous 
 examination the innocence of his designs was rendered 
 perfectly apparent by the other sketches that he had about 
 him, and which were by no means such as could serve the 
 purpose of an engineer. He was nevertheless told by 
 the commandant, that had not the peace been actually 
 signed, he should have been obliged to hang him up imme- 
 diately upon the ramparts. Two guards were then pro- 
 vided to convey him on ship board, nor did they quit him 
 till he was three miles from the shore. Hogarth was far 
 from being pleased with the slightest allusion to this 
 affair ; but the leading circumstances of it, his own pencil 
 has recorded in his picture entitled, f ' the Roast Beef 
 of Old England." 
 
 In 1753, our artist appeared to the world in the cha- 
 racter of an author, and published a quarto volume, under 
 the title of " the Analysis of Beauty," in the composition 
 of which he was assisted by Dr. Hoadly, Mr. lvalph, and 
 Dr. Morrel. 
 
 In this celebrated work the author has shewn such a 
 superiority as could scarcely fail of creating many enemies, 
 for those who admit his analysis to be just, are disposed 
 to deny that it is new. In the year 1745, having drawn 
 a serpentine line on a painter's pallet, with these words 
 under it, " the line of beauty" as a frontispiece to his 
 prints, no Egyptian hieroglyphic ever produced greater 
 variety of speculation : both painters and sculptors then 
 came to enquire the meaning of a symbol which they soon 
 pretended to have been their old acquaintance, though the 
 account they could give of its properties was scarcely as 
 satisfactory as that of a day labourer, who constantly uses 
 
444 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 the lever, could give of that instrument as a mechanical 
 power. There is no question, however, that the name of the 
 author will descend to posterity with that honour which 
 competitors only can wish to withhold. 
 
 With respect to flattery, no one could be more open to its 
 illusions than Hogarth. The following anecdote will evince 
 how much easier it is to detect ill-placed or hyberbolic 
 adulation when applied to others, than to ourselves. Being 
 at dinner with the celebrated Cheselden, at his apartments 
 in Chelsea College, he was informed that Mr. Freke, sur- 
 geon of St. Bartholomew's hospital, asserted that Greene 
 was as eminent in musical composition as Handel. That 
 fellow Freke" exclaimed Hogarth " is always shooting his 
 bolt absurdly in one way or the other, " Handel is a giant 
 in music, Greene only a light florimel kind of composer." 
 " Ah !" rejoined the artist's informant, " but at the same 
 time Mr. Freke declared that you were as good a portrait 
 painter as Vandyke." " There he was in the right" 
 replied Hogarth, " and so indeed I am, give me my time, 
 and let me choose my subject." With Dr. Hoadly, 
 bishop of Winchester, Hogarth was always on terms of the 
 strictest friendship, and frequently visited him at his 
 various residences in Hampshire, and at Chelsea.* The 
 doctor's fondness for theatrical exhibitions was so great, 
 that few visitors could remain long in his house, before 
 they were solicited to accept a part in some interlude or 
 other. 
 
 * Upon pulling down the palace at Chelsea, a singular discovery was made. 
 In a small room near the north front were found on the plaster of the walls, 
 nine figures as large as life, viz. three men and six women, drawn in outline 
 with black chalk, in a bold and animated style. Of these correct copies 
 have been published. Concerning these spirited sketches, conjecture has been 
 busy, and various are the opinions hazarded on the subject; but both the time 
 when they were drawn, as well as the transactions to wbich they allude, must 
 ever remain enveloped in obscurity and doubt. They display much of the 
 manner of Hogarth, who, it is well known, lived on intimate terms with Bishop 
 Hoadly, and frequently visited his lordship at this palace, and it is supposed 
 that these figures apply to some domestic incident in the bishop's family, or to 
 some scene in a play. His lordship's partiality for the drama is well known. 
 His brother who resided also in Chelsea, at Cremorne-house, wrote one of the 
 best Comedies intheEnglishlanguago. — Faulkner's Hist, of Chekca,\ol.i.]i.295. 
 
WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 445 
 
 Our artist was one of the most absent of men. At table 
 he would turn round his chair, as if he had finished eating, 
 and as suddenly return it and fall to his meal again. He 
 once directed a letter to Dr. Hoadley, thus — " To the 
 doctor at Chelsea." This epistle fortunately did not mis- 
 carry, and it was preserved by the bishop as a pleasant 
 memorial of his friend's extraordinary inattention. Ano- 
 ther no less remarkable instance of Hogarth's absence, is 
 on record. Soon after he set up his carriage, he had occa- 
 sion to pay a visit to the Lord Mayor. When he went the 
 weather was fine, but he was detained by business, till a 
 violent shower of rain came on. Being let out of the 
 Mansion-house by a different door from that at which he 
 entered, and seeing the rain, he immediatly began to call 
 for a hackney coach : not one could be procured at any of 
 the neighbouring stands, on which he sallied out to brave 
 the storm, and actually reached his house in Leicester- 
 fields without bestowing a thought on his own carriage, 
 till Mrs. Hogarth, astonished to see him wet and bemired, 
 asked him where he had left it. 
 
 Hogarth used to boast that he could take a likeness in 
 three minutes ; but the most extraordinary effort of his 
 genius in this line was, perhaps, his drawing of Henry 
 Fielding, made with a pen some time after the death of that 
 celebrated writer. He often promised to sit to his friend 
 Hogarth, for whose good qualities and superior genius he 
 always entertained so high an esteem, that he has left in 
 his works many beautiful memorials of his affection. It 
 so happened, however, that no picture of Fielding was 
 ever drawn ; but yet, as if it was intended that some traces 
 of his countenance should be perpetuated, and that too by 
 the very artist whom he himself preferred to all others, 
 after Hogarth had long tried to produce a likeness of him 
 from memory, and just as he was despairing of success for 
 want of some rules to go by in the dimensions and outlines 
 of the face, chance threw the grand desideratum in the 
 way. A lady, with a pair of scizzars had -cut a profile 
 which gave the distances and proportions of his face suffi- 
 ciently to restore his lost ideas of him. Delighted with 
 
446 HISTORY OF CHISWTCK. 
 
 an opportunity of paying his last tribute to the memory of 
 an author whom he admired, Hogarth caught at this out- 
 line with pleasure, and worked with all the attachment of 
 friendship till he finished the drawing, placed at the head 
 of Fielding's works, and which, was acknowledged by all 
 who had ever seen the original, to present a corresponding 
 image of the man. 
 
 The last memorable event in the life of our artist was 
 his quarrel with Wilkes. Though Hogarth, did not com- 
 mence hostilities on that gentleman, he, at least, gave the 
 first offence, by an attack on his party and friends. This 
 conduct was the more surprising, as he had all his life 
 avoided dipping his pencil in political conl ests ; and had 
 early refused a very lucrative offer that was made to engage 
 him in a set of prints against the head of a court party. 
 It has, however, been surmised, that his conduct on this 
 occasion was guided by the expectation of obtaining an 
 addition to his salary as sergeant-painter.* Be this as it 
 may, in September, 1702, Hoga,rth published his print of 
 " The Times," which satirized Lord Temple and Mr. Pitt, 
 afterwards Earl of Chatham. This called forth the pen of 
 "Wilkes, who, in the next number of the North Britain, 
 in vindicating Ms friends, made a direct attack upon the 
 king's sergeant-painter. Wilkes, Churchill, and Hogarth, 
 had been intimate friends, and such they might have con- 
 tinued, had not the demon of politics and party, sown 
 discord among them, and dissolved their union. No 
 enemies are so inveterate as those who have once been 
 united in the bonds of friendship. So it proved in this 
 case ; the breach once made, daily grew wider and wider. 
 Churchill then 'engaged in the war, published an epistle 
 to Hogarth, in which the severest strokes fell on a defect 
 which the painter had neither caused nor could amend — 
 his age, though it was neither remarkable nor decrepid. 
 In revenge for this epistle, Hogarth caricatured Churchill 
 under the form of a canonical bear, with a club and a pot 
 
 * I have the writ of Privy Seal, confirming this appointment, it is dated 
 June 1757, in the thirtieth year of the reign of George the Second, and the 
 salary is fixed at ten pounds per annum. — J. Phillips. 
 
WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 447 
 
 of porter. " Never/' says Horace Walpole, " did two 
 angry men of their abilities throw mud with less dexterity !" 
 
 At the time these hostilities were carrying on in a 
 manner so virulent and so disgraceful to all the parties, the 
 health of Hogarth was visibly declining. In 1762 he 
 complained of an inward pain, which brought on a general 
 decay, that proved incurable. The last year of his life he 
 employed in retouching his plates, with the assistance of 
 several engravers, whom he took with him to his house at 
 Chiswick, where he for many years resided during the 
 summer. 
 
 In 1764, a few months before he was seized with the 
 malady which was the immediate cause of his death, he 
 proposed to his matchless pencil the work he has entitled 
 " Finis ; or, the Tail-piece" the first idea of which is said 
 to have been started in company, while the convivial glass 
 was circulating round his own table. (i My next under- 
 taking," said Hogarth, i: shall be the end of all things." 
 " If that is the case/' replied one of his friends, es your 
 business will be finished, for there will be an end of the 
 painter." " There will be so," answered Hogarth, with 
 a deep sigh ; " and therefore the sooner my work is 
 done the better." He accordingly began the next day, and 
 prosecuted his design with a diligence which seemed to 
 indicate an apprehension that he should not live till he 
 had completed it. This, however, he did with the utmost 
 ingenuity, grasping every object which could denote the 
 end of all things — a broken bottle, an old broom worn 
 to the stump, the but-end of an old musket, a cracked 
 bell, a bow unstrung, a crown tumbled in pieces, towers 
 in ruins, the sign-post of a tavern, called " The World's- 
 end," tumbling, the moon in her wane, the map of the 
 globe burning, a gibbet falling, the body gone, and the 
 chain which held it dropping down, Phoebus and his horses 
 dead in the clouds, a vessel wrecked, Time, with his hour 
 glass and scythe broken, a tobacco-pipe in his mouth, the 
 last whiff of smoke going out, a play-book opened, with 
 exeunt omnes stamped at the corner, an empty purse, and 
 a statute of bankruptcy taken out against nature. " So far 
 
448 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 so good/' exclaimed Hogarth ; " nothing remains but 
 this/' taking his pencil in a sort of prophetic fury, and 
 dashing off the similitude of the painter's palette broken, 
 " Finis !" cried he, " the deed is done — all is over." It is 
 remarkable that he died about a month after the completion 
 of this tail-piece ; and it is also well known that he never 
 afterwards took a pencil in hand. 
 
 It is worth observing, that in " Independence"* a poem 
 which was not published by Churchill till the last week 
 in September, 1764, he considers his antagonist as a 
 departed genius. 
 
 Hogarth would draw liim (envy must allow,) 
 E'en to the life, was Hogarth living now.t- 
 
 The sporting satirist little imagined that the power of 
 pleasing was so soon to cease in both. Hogarth died 
 within four weeks after the publication of this poem, and 
 Churchill survived him only nine days. 
 
 On the 25th of October, 1764, our artist was conveyed 
 from Chiswick to Leicester-fields in a very weak condition, 
 but remarkably cheerful. On retiring to bed the same 
 night he was suddenly taken ill, and expired in the space 
 of two hours. 
 
 It may be truly said, that with the death of Hogarth, 
 almost all the old school of humourous designers disap- 
 peared. He was the great luminary of this species of art, 
 and ; when his light went out, all the lesser lights were 
 extinguished. 
 
 Hogarth was buried in a simple grave without parade 
 or ostentation, by his widow. The tomb was subsequently 
 erected over the spot, and the expence defrayed by a sub- 
 scription among his friends, at the instance of Mr. Garrick. 
 
 The tomb is still kept up by voluntary subscriptions of 
 some of the worthy inhabitants of this parish, who take an 
 interest in preserving this funereal memorial of the " great 
 painter of mankind." 
 
 * Churchill's Works, vol. ii. p. 237. Hague, 17C9. 
 + See his Epitaph, page 330, 337. 
 


 IE@©.&M!?3E>© w: \m 
 
WILLIAM HOGARTH, ESQ. 449 
 
 The following is a list of a few of Hogarth's original 
 pictures which seem to have hitherto escaped the notice of 
 connoisseurs and collectors. 
 
 In the possession of the Rev. H. S. Trimmer : — 
 
 A very fine Portrait of a Child, rather smaller than life. 
 
 Town and Country Amusement, in three pictures, 
 (Companions.) 
 
 1. Ballad Singers in the Street before Old Lud-Gate. 
 
 2. Citizens of London regaling at Blackwall, and feast- 
 ing on Whitebait, and represented as Monkeys. 
 
 8. A Rustic Dance and Merrymaking. 
 
 4. A Winter Scene in London, with Boys playing at 
 Battledore and Shuttlecock, &c. 
 
 5. An unfinished picture of a Brewer's Man brought 
 before a Magistrate. 
 
 In the possession of Mr. Phillips, a descendant of Mrs. 
 Hogarth, of the family of the Thornhills. 
 
 6. A Portrait of Mrs. Hogarth. 
 
 7. A Portrait of Mrs. Lewis who lived many years in 
 the family. She resided latterly in the Butts, at Brentford, 
 and at her death bequeathed a large and fine collection of 
 Hogarth's prints to Colonel Clitherow, of Boston house. 
 
 8. A picture by Hogarth, at Lord Ilchester's in London, 
 contains portraits of Charles the Second, Duke of Marl- 
 borough, Stephen, first Earl of Ilchester, Lord Harvey, 
 (Vice Chamberlain,) afterwards Earl of Bristol, Mr. Henry 
 Fox, of the Board of Works, Sir T. Wilmington, and a 
 Mons. Villemaine who is standing on a chair and being 
 tipped into the water by Lord Ilchester. It is a highly 
 finished picture, and in Hogarth's best stile. 
 
 9. In the possession of Mr. Welsted, a fine portrait of 
 Mrs. W^elsted; it appears that Hogarth was on intimate 
 terms with this family for many years. Mr. Welsted resides 
 in Newman-street, and is lord of the prebendal manor of 
 Chiswick. 
 
 Hogarth's house stands in the lane leading from the 
 town to the Horticultural Gardens ; the workshop still 
 remains at the western end of the premises. Both of these 
 buildings are correctly displayed in the annexed views. 
 
 2g 
 
450 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 On the piers of the principal entrance is inscribed in 
 capitals, — Hogarth's House. 
 
 Mr. Holland, senior, resided at a house at the corner of 
 Burlington-lane, where he carried on the business of a 
 baker till his decease, which took place in the year 1764. 
 His son Charles was bound apprentice to a turpentine 
 merchant, but having a strong inclination to the stage,, and 
 having met with much approbation for the display of his 
 theatrical talents in some private circles, he applied to Gar- 
 rick, who gave him good encouragement and good advice. 
 By his persuasion he punctually fulfilled his engage- 
 ment with his master ; at the expiration of which, finding 
 his passion for the theatre not abated, he made his first 
 appearance at Drury-lane (anno 1754) in the character of 
 Oroonoko, under the auspices of the manager, to whom 
 he was much attached, and who continued his friendship 
 towards him till his death. 
 
 Holland met with much applause, and continued to rise 
 in reputation as an actor as he advanced in years. He had 
 great requisites for a capital performer, a fine appearance, 
 a strong melodious articulate voice, and a good under- 
 standing ; in short, he was a favourite with the public, of 
 which by industry and application he rendered himself 
 worthy.* He distinguished himself principally in the 
 characters of Richard III. Hamlet, Pierre, Timur, in 
 Zingis, and Manley in the Plain Dealer. Holland intro- 
 duced Powell to Garrick, and though Powell was his 
 rival and superior, these actors were friends through 
 life. 
 
 His funeral which was attended by most of the per- 
 formers belonging to the theatres, gave rise to the witticism 
 of Foote,of his having been to Chiswick to see poor Holland 
 pushed into the (alluding to his father's business) family 
 oven.f 
 
 Mr. De Loutherbourgh, who resided in Hammersmith 
 
 * Gent. Mag. 1770. 
 
 t See his Epitaph in the church, p. 317. His monument in the church- 
 yard, p. 335. 
 
MR. DE LOUTHERBOURGH. 451 
 
 Terrace, and was buried in Chiswick church-yard, was 
 born at Strasbourgh, in 1740.* He was a pupil of Cassa- 
 nova ; and very early distinguished himself as a painter 
 of battles, huntings, and landscapes. He was admitted 
 into the academy of painting, at Paris, about 1763, soon 
 after which he came over to England, and Garrick, whose 
 judgment was equal to his liberality, immediately engaged 
 him as principal painter for his theatre, at a salary of 
 five hundred pounds, a much larger sum than had been 
 afforded to any of his predecessors. It is from this period 
 we may date the superior decorations of dramatic exhibi- 
 tions ; for before the arrival of this ingenious artist, not 
 only little attention had been bestowed on the scenic 
 department, but even the costume of the stage had been a 
 matter of minor consideration. Indeed the anachronisms 
 of dress, which were tolerated at the theatres eighty years 
 ago, re-introduced in this more enlightened age, would, 
 without the necessity of exaggeration, be viewed by the 
 most illiterate among the play-goers as complete burlesque. 
 It was left for De Loutherbourgh to urge, and finally 
 complete, the desired reformation, for he was decidedly 
 the prince of scene painters, and contributed largely to 
 the improvement of the stage. f 
 
 Mr. De Loutheibourgh was held in great esteem for 
 the uniform propriety of his conduct, as well as his extra- 
 ordinary abilities as an artist. He had been so long in 
 this country that he might be almost considered as a native 
 — he was so in his habits and principles. His excellence 
 as a landscape painter deserves the highest panegyric. 
 He was for many years a member of the royal academy.* 
 
 Mawson How, situate in Chiswick Lane, near the 
 water-side, takes its name from Mr. Mawson, of Chiswick, 
 who, upwards of a century ago, orginally established the 
 brewery, still carried on by Messrs. Fuller and Co. on the 
 same spot. 
 
 Dr. Mathias- Mawson, the son of the brewer, was edu- 
 
 * Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. S45. 
 t Gent. Mag. J See his Epitaph, p. 334. 
 
452 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 catecl at St. Paul's school, from whence he removed to 
 Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he was admitted 
 in 1701, and was, in 1724, elected to the mastership of his 
 college. In 1734, Dr. Mawson refused the bishopric of 
 Gloucester, but was prevailed upon by his friends to 
 accept that of Llandaff, in 1738 ; and, about two years 
 afterwards, he was translated to Chichester. He con- 
 tinued to hold the mastership till 1744. In 1754, on the 
 death of Sir Thomas Gooch, he was translated to the see 
 of Ely. The sees of Ely and Chichester, as well as the 
 college over which he presided, experienced in the most 
 liberal manner the munificence of this worthy prelate. 
 His lordship died at his house at the south-west corner of 
 Kensington Square, in the month of November, 1770, 
 aged 87 years.* 
 
 Thus it appears that Chiswick, as well as the neigh- 
 bouring parish of Hammersmith, has had the honour to 
 present a member to the episcopal bench; the present 
 Bishop of Lincoln is the son of the late Mr. Abraham 
 Kaye, a linen draper, of Angel Row ; nor ought it to be 
 forgotten that Cardinal Wolsey was the son of a butcher 
 at Putney ; and Thomas, Earl of Essex, a man of great 
 authority in the reign of Henry the Eighth, was the son 
 of a blacksmith at Putney; and the late Dr. Moore, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, was the son of a butcher of 
 Gloucester. So that in our happy country the most exalted 
 stations may be attained by assiduity, diligence, integrity, 
 and talent, f 
 
 High-House, on the Mall. — This capital mansion, so 
 called, is said to have been built by Sir Stephen Fox, 
 which seems very probable, as the style of architecture is 
 similar to that of the Manor Farm House, as well as to that 
 of Chelsea Hospital. It was occupied in 1703 by the 
 Count of Nassau, as we learn by the following original 
 paper, entitled " The Countess of Nassau's Memorial," 
 stating that, in the year 1703, the Count of Nassau took a 
 
 * Faulkner's Hist, of Kensington, 8vo. p. 399. Lond. 1820. 
 t Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 398. 
 
HIGH-HOUSE. 453 
 
 house of Sir Stephen Fox, in which he lived with his 
 countess for three years, and then decamped into Holland, 
 leaving her behind to pay his debts, which amounted to 
 upwards of three hundred pounds. In consequence of 
 these untoward circumstances, the following statement was 
 drawn up, to be presented to Count Nassau in Holland : — 
 
 For the Hon ble - Col. Arch d - Roto, to be laid before 
 Count Nassau. 
 
 Cheeswick, March 23, 17G3. 
 
 " The Count of Nassau did take a house of Sir Ste. Fox 
 in Cheeswick where he placed his wife who liv'd in y e 
 said house and parish for above three years and was fur- 
 nished by sev 11 - of the neighbours w th provisions of butchers 
 meat, bread, beer, poultry, fish, and food of all kinds which 
 they gladly sold to her lady sp - upon the reputation that his 
 excell ce - was a just paymaster, and when his countess re- 
 mov'd thence, they thought it dishonour to Count Nassau 
 to stop the goods (which) the house was well furnish*' wi th - 
 and indeed Sir Ste. Fox did advise them not to put that 
 dishonour on so great a person of the name of Nassau, and 
 the more because his servants said that many more of 
 those goods he had orders from the count to send over to 
 him to Nimeguen w th - matter my said neighbours the 
 inhabitants of Cheeswick often sollicite d Sir Ste. to represent 
 to the count, whereupon he did write to his excellency 
 but hath not had any answer. The debt is above 300/. 
 but for that same well distributed it may give satisfaction 
 to them. They have often applied to the countess whose 
 answer is that she is not able to pay that debt because she 
 is allowed but 300/. per ann. for her maintenance w cb - will 
 but do it tho if his excell ce - cannot any way do it, it will be 
 just enough that she that contracted the debt should pay 
 it by degrees out of that allowance. Sir Ste. Fox himself 
 hath above 201. oweing him for rent, but is more concerned 
 for his poor neighbours than for that little debt."* 
 
 * The Earl of Ilcliester's papers. 
 
454 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Chiswick Chapel is a neat building, situate not far 
 from the river Thames, and by the side of a road, where 
 nearly all the traffic of the village dock is carried orj ; it 
 belongs to a body of Independent Dissenters, and was 
 erected in 1841, upon the same site where a very unsightly 
 and ruinous building stood, that had been used for a few 
 years by the same denomination for the worship of God. 
 The present building cost about £800, and will accom- 
 modate o50 persons ; having a gallery that is free to the 
 labouring class. Over the chapel is a large school room, 
 in which 120 children are taught on the Sabbath day to 
 read the word of God. It does not appear that dissent 
 has hitherto much flourished in this village ; but it was to 
 be supposed that out of a population of several thousand 
 souls, many would be found who preferred that mode 
 of worship, and such has proved to be the case, from 
 the number of persons who resort to this chapel for 
 instruction. 
 
 British Schools. — This commodious building is erected 
 on the western side of the footway, leading from Turnham- 
 green to Chiswick Mall, opposite the new road to Oxford- 
 street. The schools were erected by voluntary contribu- 
 tions in the year 1836. The Lords of the Treasury 
 liberally contributed £150. in aid of this object. Boys 
 and Girls are admitted on applying at the School houses 
 
MR. WILLIAM SHARP. 455 
 
 with one of their parents, and for the small charge of two- 
 pence each per week, receive a liberal and scriptural 
 education. The children are required to attend some 
 place of religious worship on Sunday. 
 
 The schools, which are vested in the hands of trustees, 
 are supported by annual contributions, and are at all times 
 open to the inspection of the public. An examination of 
 the children annually takes place, on which occasion the 
 committee and officers are chosen. There are now two 
 hundred children in the institution. George Byng, Esq. 
 M.P. is the President. 
 
 Arthur Murphy, Esq. resided in the cottage now 
 belonging to Mr. Ward, in Chiswick town. 
 
 He wrote the epitaphs on Dr. Rose and John Ayton 
 Thompson.* As an author he shone much in dramatic poetry, 
 and it may be said of him, what can be said of few, who 
 have written for the stage, that he has been equally suc- 
 cessful in comedy and tragedy. 
 
 He resided for many years in Hammersmith-terrace, 
 but towards the latter part of his life in Brompton-row, 
 where he died in 1805, aged 78, and was buried in Ham- 
 mersmith Church, near his mother. f 
 
 Mr. William Sharp,:}: one of the most celebrated 
 engravers of the age, was born in January, 1749. His 
 father, a gun maker of respectability, lived in Haydon- 
 yard, Minories. He shewed an early predilection for 
 drawing, and was apprenticed to Mr. Barak Longmate, a 
 bright engraver, and celebrated for his knowledge of 
 heraldry. § At the expiration of his services, it is said he 
 continued to work in the shop of his master; when 
 marrying, he commenced business for himself, and opened 
 a shop as a writing engraver, in Bartholomew-lane, where 
 he long resided, and had much encouragement. Mr. Sharp 
 often said, even latterly, that his first essay in engraving 
 was made upon a pewter pot. His friends would have 
 qualified this assertion, by substituting a silver tankard, 
 
 * See pages 333 and 337. t Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 130. 
 t See Gent. Mag. vol. lxiii. p. 070. § lb. Nov. 1S-2L 
 
45() HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 
 
 but the artist loved truth, and insisted on the veracity of 
 this humble commencement. It may, however, be added, 
 that apprentices of all bright-engravers begin to acquire 
 a feeling of their principal tool by the sculpture of pub- 
 licans' names on their pewter pots. Hogarth, no doubt, 
 had done the same before him. One of his first essays in 
 the superior branch of art was, to make a drawing of the 
 old lion Hector, who had been an inmate of the Tower for 
 thirty years ; he engraved it on a small 4to. plate, and 
 exposed the prints for sale in his window. 
 
 Somewhere about 1782, it seems he disposed of his 
 shop, commenced a higher department of art, and resided 
 in a private house at Vauxhall, where he began to engrave 
 from the superior paintings of the old masters. His merit 
 began to display itself in the Novelist's Magazine, for 
 which work, published by Harrison, in Paternoster-row, 
 he executed some plates from the designs of Stothard. 
 Messrs. Heath, Angus, and Collyer, also contributed their 
 talents at the same period to the graphic illustration of this 
 very interesting octavo work. To these volumes thus 
 published may be traced the origin of those beautifully 
 illustrated books brought out periodically, which have 
 since raised the reputation of the British press. 
 
 At Vauxhall was also completed West's Landing of 
 Charles the Second, which Woollett at his death had left 
 unfinished; two solemn dances by torch-light, and por- 
 traits of Islanders of the Pacific Ocean, for Cook's Voy- 
 ages ; and a most exquisite oval work, after Benwall, an 
 artist who died young, of which the subject is the Children 
 in the Wood. This is one of the most pleasing specimens 
 of his skill. Sharp contributed one print to SouthicelFs 
 folio Family Bible — " Moses striking the Rock." Among 
 the finest of his works are " The Doctors of the Church 
 disputing upon the Immaculateness of the Virgin, from 
 the picture by Guido, which in drawing and fine execution 
 is superior to the plate from the same picture by Che- 
 valier Jacobus Freji. The plate from Mr. West's " King- 
 Lear in the Storm," is also a masterly example of line 
 ing, and worthy of any school. A proof of this 
 
MR. WILLIAM SHABP. 457 
 
 plate has long produced ten guineas. No line-engraver 
 has been more successful in copying the original feeling of 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds. The magnificent print of " St. 
 Cecilia," from Dominichino, is another example of his 
 great and masterly hand. We know not where to point 
 to a more bold and effective specimen of the calographic 
 art. " The Witch of Endor," from the impressive picture 
 by Mr. West, may be instanced as another splendid effort 
 of his graving tool. " The Virgin and Child," after Carlo 
 Dolce. " The Ecce Homo," after Guido. " The Sortie 
 from Gibraltar," after Turnbull. " The Destruction of 
 the Floating Battery at Gibraltar," after Copley. The 
 portrait of Mr. John Hunter, the great anatomist, is per- 
 haps, one of the finest prints in the world. So infected 
 was he at one time, with the fury of political liberty, and 
 so free in society generally in uttering his thoughts, that 
 he was placed under arrest by the government, and was 
 had up several times before the Privy Council to be 
 examined, for the pru-pose of ascertaining whether or not, 
 in his speeches or writings, he had committed himself so 
 far as that he might, in common with Home Tooke and 
 others, take his trial for high treason ; but he being a bold, 
 handsome-looking, jocular man — one who looked as if he 
 liked the good things of this world too well to become a 
 conspirator, the Privy Council came to a conclusion that 
 the altar and the throne had not much to fear from him ; 
 and especially at one of the meetings, when Messrs. Pitt 
 and Dundas were present, after he had been for a length 
 of time plagued with questions, which Sharp said had little 
 or nothing to do with the business, he deliberately pulled 
 out of his pocket a prospectus for subscribing to his por- 
 trait of General Kosciusko, after West, which he was then 
 engraving, and first handing it to Messrs. Pitt and Dundas, 
 he requested them to have the goodness to put down their 
 names as subscribers, and then to give his prospectus to 
 the other members of the Privy Council for their names. 
 The singularity of such a proposal set them laughing, and 
 he was soon afterwards liberated. 
 
 Sharp died poor ; though he might easily have saved 
 
458 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 money, for he was one of the most industrious of men, 
 and took great delight in his work, applying himself to it 
 both early and late. He was an extraordinary compound 
 of high professional talent, good moral intention, and egre- 
 gious credulity ; the latter will sufficiently account for the 
 dispersion of his gains. — He has unfortunately taken pains 
 to perpetuate his belief in the divine mission of Brothers, 
 by the following inscription under his portrait : " Fully 
 believing this to be the man appointed by God, I engrave 
 his likeness. W. Sharp." 
 
 His success in his profession, and property left by his 
 brother who died at Gibraltar, enabled Mr. Sharp to 
 remove from Vauxhall to a larger house in Charles-street, 
 Middlesex Hospital, and to indulge himself in more 
 extended social connexions. At subsequent periods of his 
 life, he removed his residence two or three times; from 
 Charles-street to Titchfi eld-street; from thence to Acton; 
 and from Acton to Chiswick, where he had not resided 
 long, before he was attacked by dropsy in the chest, which 
 terminated his life. 
 
 He lies buried near Hogarth, by his desire, whom he 
 esteemed as the most extraordinary painter that ever 
 existed, and who was of similar origin.* 
 
 Mr. Sharp resided in the house next door westward to 
 the Victoria Asylum, on the Mall. 
 
 Mr. Henry Neele was buried in the year 1828, in 
 Chiswick church-yard ; he was an ingenious poet and 
 novel writer, who died by his own hand, February 9th, 
 1828, in a fit of insanity, supposed to have originated from 
 too intense application to study. He was the son of a 
 map engraver in the Stand, and was educated for the pro- 
 fession of a solicitor, which he practised with reputation 
 in the metropolis till his death. He was a man of amiable 
 disposition and inoffensive manners, and highly respected 
 by his acquaintance. Among his publications are " Pain's 
 Dramatic Scenes," and the " Romance of History," S vols. 
 12mo. and a series of tales relating to persons and events 
 * See his Epitaph, page 338. 
 
MR. CHARLES WHITTINGHAM. 459 
 
 mentioned in the annals of our native country. As a poet 
 Mr. Neele seems to have formed himself on the model of 
 Collins ; and several of his odes shew great power of pic- 
 turesque personification, and otherwise display considerable 
 mastery and spirit.* 
 
 Mr. Charles Whittingham, who was born June 17, 
 1767, at Calledon, in the county of Warwick, was appren- 
 ticed to Richard Bird, printer and bookseller, of Coventry, 
 in 1779. He worked as journeyman at Birmingham, and 
 also in London, at the office of Mr. Hughes, since Messrs. 
 Hansards. 
 
 He commenced as master printer in a small office in the 
 neighbourhood of Fetter Lane : here he printed editions 
 of Milton and other English classics, which he sold to 
 Mr. Wills, then a stationer and bookseller in Stationers' 
 Court. He and Mr. Wills subsequently compiled and 
 published " Moore's Almanack Improved," and " Wills' 
 Clerical Almanack," which were afterwards sold to the 
 Stationers' Company. In the year 1810 he, in conjunction 
 with Mr. Bishop, took the premises known as the High 
 House, on Chiswick Mall, but now used as a workhouse 
 for the Fulham poor. This house he occupied as a dwelling 
 house and printing office, and the adjoining house was 
 used as a factory for the reducing of old rope to a state fit 
 to be made into paper, in conjunction with Mr. Bishop. f 
 He lastly removed, in the year 1818, to College House, 
 where the business is still carried on by his nephew of the 
 same name, a well-known printer in London. He was 
 an amiable and unassuming man, and was generally beloved 
 and esteemed. He died on the 15th of January, 1840, 
 aged TS.J 
 
 * Literary Chron. London. 
 
 + The principal manufactory cultivated in this parish is that belonging to 
 Mr. Charles Whittingham, which has for its object the extracting of the tar 
 from old junk, thereby rendering the material fit for the manufacture of paper 
 used in printing. The article thus prepared is removed, and the completion 
 of the manufacture carried on in another place. The paper produced is of a 
 strong and silky texture, and is supposed to be superior to to any other printing 
 paper manufactured in this country. — Breicer's Survey of Middx. p. 327. 
 Lond. 181(5. \ See his epitaph, p. 322. 
 
460 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 By his will he bequeathed £2000 three per cents, to the 
 Stationers' Company, the interest to be distributed in 
 pensions to six widows of compositors and pressmen, fifty 
 years old and upwards — the widows of those who had been 
 in his employ to have the preference; £1000 to the coal 
 fund of the parish of Chiswick ; £200 to the printers' pen- 
 sion society ; £500 and an annuity of £20 to his foreman, 
 Mr. Fenton, who had been with him for thirty-eight years. 
 
 Sir Henry Sidney, lord president of Ireland in the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth, appears to have had a seat at Chis- 
 wick, near the water side. His wife, Lady Mary, daughter 
 of John, Duke of Northumberland, dates her letters thence 
 in 1574 and 1578.* 
 
 Leonard Maw was fellow of Peter House, Cambridge, 
 and afterwards master of Trinity College, prebendary of 
 Wells, doctor of divinity, chaplain to Prince Charles, on 
 whom he attended when he went to Spain to pay his 
 addresses to the Infanta, and at length Bishop of Bath and 
 Wells, to which he was elected July 24th, 1628, but he 
 enjoyed that dignity but a short time, dying at Chiswick, 
 September 2, 1629, and was buried in the church-yard on 
 the 16th of the same month. He left behind him the 
 character of a scholar, a grave preacher, and a mild man.f 
 
 At the visitation of Middlesex, begun in the year 1663, 
 by William Kyley, Esq. Lancaster, and Henry Dethick, 
 Rouge Croix, marshals and deputies to Sir Edward Bysshc, 
 knight, clarencieux-king-of-arms, the following persons, 
 inhabitants of Chiswick, made proof of their pedigrees. 
 Of this visitation, an edition was printed in folio, in 1820, 
 at the expense of Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart, and the 
 pedigrees will be found therein, viz.J 
 
 1. Thomas Hawksworth. 2. Thomas Jones. 3. William 
 Gomelden. 
 
 * Sidney Papers, vol. i. pp. GO and '271. 
 
 + Memoirs of eminent Cambridge Men, Hail. MSN. No. ', Hi, Brit. Mas. 
 I See the arms of all the comities tricked by J. Saunders. Hail. MSS. 
 No. 1457. Brit. Mus. 
 
HEATHFIELD HOUSE. 
 
 HIGH HOUSE, CHISWICK MALL. 
 
HEATHFIELD-HOUSE. 461 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Tumhani-Green — Situation — Heathfield-House — General Elliot — Pack- 
 horse Inn — Sir John Chardin — Dr. Morell — Dr. Griffiths — Bohemia 
 House — Stafford-House — Ugo Foscolo — Turnham-Green Church — Horti- 
 cultural Gardens — Sutton — Sutton Court — Grove-House — Strand-on-the 
 Green. 
 
 Turn ham Green. — This village is situated on the Great 
 Western road, at the distance of five miles from Hyde 
 Park Corner. Its open common surrounded by scattered 
 terraces and houses, presents an agreeable variety to the 
 almost unbroken succession of buildings which extends 
 along the road towards London. The peculiar tenure of 
 much of the property around, which is held of the manor 
 of Sutton, has hitherto proved a great impediment to the 
 increase of building in this vicinity. As this, however, 
 has in some degree been removed by recent enactments, a 
 change for the better may be anticipated at no very dis- 
 tant period. The air of this place is considered very 
 salubrious, and it is sheltered on the north by the rising 
 ground of Acton and Ealing. Gas is laid on not only along 
 the road, but at the back of the green, and if the common 
 were enclosed like that at Kew, and a few handsome trees 
 planted round it, the appearance of the place would be 
 much improved. That part of the ground on -the south 
 side of the green which is freehold, is said to have been a 
 portion of the demesne lands of the manor of Sutton, and 
 this must have been the enclosed land upon which the 
 army of Prince Rupert fell back after the skirmish on 
 Turnham-green, which succeeded the battle of Brentford. 
 
 Heathfield House. — In the year 1747, Lord Vis- 
 count Dunkerton became possessed of a capital messuage 
 at Turnham-green, situate at the south western corner, 
 
462 HISTORY OF CHIS WICK. 
 
 which after his death in 1751, passed through various 
 hands, viz. : — the Earl of Kerry, 1752 ; Matthew Hutton, 
 Esq. 1762 ; the Earl of Egmont, 1765 ; who it is supposed 
 built the capital mansion represented in the engraving. 
 In the front of the house was a lofty wall with handsome 
 iron rails and gates,, in the centre of which, at the top, encir- 
 cled by iron scroll work was a shield with these arms : — 
 
 " Arg. on a chief, indented gules, three crosses pattee for Perceval, impal- 
 ing sable, a lion passant gardant or, between tbree helmets proper, garnished 
 arg. for Compton."* 
 
 These gates were purchased for the Duke of Devonshire 
 at the sale of Heathneld-house, in 1837, and now form the 
 handsome northern entrance of Chiswick-house gardens. 
 
 Sir Brownlow Cust, 1771 ; the Duchess of Devonshire, 
 1772 ; Lord John Cavendish, 1777 ; it was purchased in 
 1789 by Lord Heathfleld, who made it his principal resi- 
 dence till his death in July 1790. During his lordship's 
 abode at Turnham-green, the gardens were laid out with 
 much taste by Mr. Aiton, his Majesty's head gardener at 
 Kew. But of this noble mansion so richly fitted up, there 
 remain only a few fragments, and the grounds which were 
 so tastefully laid out are now a mere wilderness. 
 
 General Elliot — This distinguished and able general 
 to whose victorious exertions we owe the possession of the 
 important fortress of Gibraltar, was the son of Sir Gilbert 
 Elliot, of Stebbs, in Boxburghshire. At an early age he 
 was sent to the University of Leyden, and being designed 
 for military life, he was sent from thence to the celebrated 
 military school in Picardy. Here it was that the foundation 
 was laid of that knowledge of tacticts which so greatly dis- 
 tinguished this officer. He completed his military course 
 on the Continent by a tour, and Prussia being the model for 
 discipline, he continued for some time as a volunteer in 
 this service. Mr. Elliot returned in his seventeenth year 
 to his native country, and was in 1736, introduced by his 
 father Sir Gilbert, to the colonel of the twenty-third regi- 
 ment of foot. He was accordingly entered as a volunteer 
 
 * See Faulkner's History of Fulham, p. 18:3. 
 
LORD HEATHFIELD. 
 
 in that regiment. Hence he went into the engineer corps 
 at Woolwich, until his uncle, Colonel Elliot, brought him 
 as adjutant of the second troop of horse grenadiers. With 
 these troops he went on service to Germany, and at the 
 battle of Dettingen he was wounded. On his arriving at 
 the rank of lieutenant-colonel, he resigned his commission 
 as engineer, in which service he had been actively em- 
 ployed to the advantage of his country. In 1759, he was 
 selected to raise the first regiment of light horse, called 
 after him Elliot's, and as soon as they were raised and 
 formed, he was appointed to the command of the cavalry 
 in the expedition on the coast of France, and after this he 
 passed into Germany where he greatly distinguished him- 
 self. On the peace of 1763, his regiment was reviewed by 
 his Majesty in Hyde-park, who being pleased with their 
 high character, asked General Elliot what mark of his 
 favour he could bestow on his regiment equal to their 
 merit. He answered that his regiment would be proud 
 if his Majesty should think fit, that by their services they 
 were entitled to the distinction of royals. It was accord- 
 ingly made a royal regiment. He was appointed to the 
 command of Gibraltar, in a fortunate hour for the safety 
 of that important fortress. The example of the commander- 
 in-chief in a besieged garrison has a most persuasive 
 efficacy in forming the manners of the soldiery. The 
 military system which he introduced, and the preparations 
 which he made for his defence, were contrived with so 
 much judgment, and executed with so much address, that 
 he was able with a handful of men to preserve his post 
 against any attack. He never relaxed from his discipline 
 by the appearance of security, or hazarded the lives of the 
 garrison by wild experiments, and his able defence of 
 Gibraltar in 1781, has justly exalted him to a most elevated 
 place in the military annals of his country. On his return 
 to England the gratitude of the British senate was as for- 
 ward as the public voice in giving him that distinguished 
 mark his merit deserved, to which his Majesty was pleased 
 to add that of the knight of the bath, and an elevation to the 
 peerage, by the title of Lord Heathfield, Baron of Heath- 
 
464 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 field, June 14th, 1787, and permitting his lordship to take 
 also the arms of the fortress he had so bravely defended. 
 He closed a life of military renown at the most critical 
 season of his memory. He had acquired the brightest 
 honours as a soldier, and he died in the seventy-third year 
 of his age, in July, 1790. His remains were conveyed to 
 Heathfield, in Sussex, and there deposited in a vault, over 
 which a handsome monument is erected.* 
 
 The Pack-horse and Talbot is a noted inn, situated 
 at the western extremity of the Green, formerly much fre- 
 quented by travellers on the great western road, and takes 
 its name from the pack-horses which were much in use 
 before the establishment of waggons and other carriages. 
 A great part of the country trade with the metropolis was 
 carried on by these means, even as late as the beginning 
 of the last century. The talbot, a trusty species of dog 
 so called, accompanied the horses, and stopped to watch 
 the goods while the travellers were refreshing themselves 
 at the inns on the roads. In former times, the inns were 
 much more numerous and spacious than those in present 
 use, for the great number of travellers, as well as the great 
 quantity of packages and goods by which they were accom- 
 panied, required ample accommodation for their security 
 on their journey. But in the present times, these estab- 
 lishments have been nearly superseded by the formation 
 of the rail-roads, so that this description of property, 
 formerly so extensive and valuable throughout the country, 
 has been reduced to a state of poverty and ruin, as well as 
 the post-towns and villages on the line of these roads, and 
 the post-masters have also been thrown out of employment. 
 In France, the post-masters have petitioned the govern- 
 ment, and have obtained redress and compensation. 
 
 Sir John Chardin, was the son of a jeweller, of the 
 protestant persuasion, at Paris, where he was born in 1643. 
 He followed his father's trade, and at the age of twenty-one 
 commenced his travels, whence he did not return till 1670. 
 
 * Drinkwater's Siege of Gibraltar, p. 56. 
 
CIIRTST CHURCH. 405 
 
 He had j^assed the greatest part of this interval in 
 Persia, and he printed at Paris an account of the Coro- 
 nation of Toliman, third King of Persia, and the principal 
 events of the beginning of his reign. Departing again 
 for the East, in 1671, he spent several years in Persia and 
 the East Indies, and laid in a great store of information 
 concerning the state of those countries, which he made 
 public after his second return. 
 
 In 1681, he was knighted by Charles the Second, at 
 London, who made him his jeweller. 
 
 His travels were published altogether in 10 vols. 12mo. 
 1711. Few books of the kind have maintained an equal 
 character of authentic and valuable information. 
 
 He married the daughter of a French refugee in 
 London, and died in 1712, and was buried at Chiswick 
 without any memorial. 
 
 He lived in a house at Turnham -green which belonged 
 to James Howard, Esq., nephew to James Earl of Suffolk. 
 It was sold after his death to Thomas Lutwyche, Esq. 
 and was, in 1762, the property of George Tuffhell, Esq. 
 On his monument in Westminster Abbey is this inscrip- 
 tion, " Sir John Chardin — Nomen sibi fecit eimdo." The 
 house is now called Bolton-house, and is in the occupation 
 of Mr. Dynes, as a boarding school for young gentlemen. 
 
 Thomas Morell was a native of Eton, and received his 
 education in the college there, as a scholar on the founda- 
 tion. He removed to King's college, Cambridge, of 
 which he was chosen a fellow, and in 1743 he took the 
 degree of D.D. Having entered into holy orders, he 
 became rector of Buckland, in Hertfordshire, and chaplain 
 of the garrison of Portsmouth ; and he was also curate 
 of Kew and Twickenham. Dr. Morell re-published, with 
 improvements, King's edition of four of the Tragedies of 
 Euripides, 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. and published an edition of 
 the .Prometheus Vinctus of iEschylus, 4to. ; a Lexicon of 
 Greek Proborly^ 4to. and also an edition and an Abridgment 
 of Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary ; and a translation of the 
 Epistles of Seneca, with Kotes, 2 vols. 4to. ; besides which 
 
466 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 he selected the words for some of Handel's Oratorios, and 
 assisted in a modernized version of the Canterbury Tales 
 of Chaucer. He also published an edition of Spencer's 
 works, Theophanes Philalethes, or a summary of the 
 Controversey, occasioned by a book called the Medical 
 Philosopher's Poems on divine subjects, partly translated 
 from Villa da Vida, and partly original; Thesaurus 
 Grsecse Poeseos ; a life of Dr. Littleton, prefixed to his 
 works ; an edition of Locke on the Understanding, with 
 notes ; and several Sermons. He preached the Bota- 
 nical Lecture for several years at Shoreditch church. 
 Dr. Morell lived at Turnham-green, and was in habits 
 of great intimacy with Hogarth, whom he is said to have 
 assisted in writing his " Analysis of Beauty." There is a 
 portrait of him by his friend, which is engraved. The 
 manner of accentuating Morell's name being undecided, 
 it was pronounced sometimes Morell, and sometimes 
 Morell, which caused one of his friends to address him 
 with the following extempore jeu d'esprit. 
 
 Sive tu mavis Morelus vocari sive Morellus. 
 
 Dr. Morell married a daughter of Henry Barker, Esq. 
 of Grove-house, Chiswick. He died at the age of eighty, 
 in 1784* 
 
 Dr. Griffiths, a native of Shropshire, was originally a 
 bookseller in Pall Mall, but declined business to devote 
 his time and talents to the publication of the Monthly 
 Review, the first number of which appeared in 1749, and 
 he conducted it fifty-four years, a sole example in the 
 history of the republic of letters of a publication conducted 
 for so long a period under one title and editorship. 
 
 Dr. Griffiths resided in a capital mansion, now called 
 Linden-House, and near Bolton-House, in the Grove. He 
 died in the year 1803,f leaving his only son the property 
 and editorship of the Monthly Review, which however 
 gradually declined in sale and in reputation, ar«^ became 
 
 * Dyer's Hist, of Cambridge, vol. ii. p. 198. Ni-iiols's Lit. Anecdotes. 
 j- See bis epitapb, p. 329, and tbat of bis wife, p. 338. 
 
UGO FOSCOLO. 467 
 
 finally engulphecl in the vortex of the Edinburgh and 
 Quarterly Reviews. 
 
 Bohemia -House. — This famous tea-drinking tavern 
 and garden was known for many years by the name of 
 the King of Bohemia; it is supposed to have been so 
 called from Prince Rupert's father, and to have been first 
 established by some Royalist, to commemorate the battle 
 fought on the spot by Prince Rupert with the Round- 
 heads, in 1642 * It is now divided into three private 
 dwellings. 
 
 Stafford-House, so called from having been the resi- 
 dence of the Marquis of Stafford, was a capital mansion, 
 adjoining the preceding, and facing the road, it was pulled 
 down and sold piecemeal in 1842, and the site now exhibits 
 a dreary waste. 
 
 Ugo Foscolo, a celebrated Italian writer, was born 
 about 1776, and was educated at the University of Padua, 
 and ere he had reached the age of twenty, he wrote 
 a tragedy, which was represented at the theatre of 
 St. Angelo, at Venice, in 1797, when it was received 
 with unbounded applause. In 1798 he published the 
 " Ultime Lettere di Jacopo Ortis," a romance, pourtraying 
 in the most powerful language the depth of passion and 
 feeling. He subsequently adopted the military profession, 
 and remained in the Italian army till 1805, but disliking 
 the service of Napoleon, after he had become Emperor, 
 he quitted it, but retained his military rank as captain. 
 About this time he succeeded Monti as professor of litera- 
 ture in the University of Pavia, when he commenced his 
 lectures by an oration, the boldness of which alarmed the 
 jealousy of Napoleon, and the professorship was suppressed. 
 In 1812 he produced another tragedy, " Ajace," which 
 was represented at Milan. He went to that city in 1814, 
 and was promoted to the rank of major. In 1815 he came 
 to England. His reputation procured him a good reception 
 * See an account of this battle, p. 285. 
 
 2 h2 
 
468 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 from some of our most eminent literati, and he was noticed 
 by persons of the highest rank and fashion. He published 
 " Ricciarda/' a tragedy, " Essays on Petrarch/' 1821, 
 and "Discorso sulla Testa di Dante," 1826, besides which 
 he wrote many articles in the Edinburgh and Quarterly 
 Reviews. He might, by his writings alone, have insured 
 himself independence if he had acted with prudence ; but 
 he involved himself in difficulties by erecting a cottage in 
 the Regent's Park, and his pride and violence of temper 
 disgusted all his friends.* This learned and eccentric 
 Italian who resided in the next house to Dr. Collyer, late 
 Bohemia-House, at Turnham Green, died in September, 
 1827, and was buried in Chiswick church-yard. f 
 
 Christ Church, Turxham-Green. — The necessity of 
 extending the means of spiritual instruction to this part of 
 the parish, had led the vicar, the Rev. T. F. Bowerbank, 
 a few years before, to celebrate a service in the boys' 
 national school, at Turnham-Green, every Sunday evening. 
 This laudable provision for a necessity which daily became 
 more urgent, opened the way to a more permanent and 
 effectual means of supplying it by the erection of a district 
 church, a plan which was immediately embraced and 
 entered into with a zeal worthy of so high an object. 
 
 Among its first promoters, John Charles Sharpe, Esq. 
 of Chiswick, ought to be particularly mentioned ; while, 
 to the munificence of the Messrs. Sich, of Chiswick, the 
 successful completion of the work must be mainly attri- 
 buted. 
 
 The district assigned to Christ Church includes the north- 
 western portion of the parish, taking in the village of 
 Strand-on-the-Green, and numbering a population of some- 
 what more than two thousand souls. 
 
 The district is bounded on the north and north-west by 
 the parishes of Acton and Ealing ; on the south-west by 
 the river Thames ; and on the south and east by the 
 remaining part of the parish of Chiswick ; from which it 
 is separated by an imaginary line, proceeding from the 
 
 * See his epitaph, p. 339. + Lit. Gazette. 
 

 (DHmSS^ (SIIKOlc ^W^I^HAM^IElillWo 
 
TURNHAM-GREEN CHURCH. 469 
 
 river Thames in a south-easterly direction along the middle 
 of the lane leading to Furzedown Place, it then turns 
 north-easterly up the middle of the lane, and passing 
 Furzedown Place, proceeds in a straight line into the 
 road from Sutton, up the middle of which road it proceeds 
 in a northerly direction as far as the foot-path leading 
 from Sutton to Chiswick, by the side of the horticultural 
 gardens, and proceeding in an easterly direction along that 
 path till it enters the Duke of Devonshire's private road, 
 along the middle of which road it proceeds northerly and 
 enters the London road as far as Fisher's Lane, up the 
 middle of which lane it proceeds northerly to the point 
 where the boundary of Chiswick and Acton parishes 
 meet. 
 
 The church was consecrated and opened in due form on 
 the 27th of July, 1843, by the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop 
 of London, in the presence of a numerous assemblage of 
 the neighbouring clergy, and a large and respectable con- 
 gregation. The prelate on this interesting occasion preached 
 an excellent sermon from the 10th chapter of the Epistle to 
 the Romans, verse x. — " For with the heart man believeth 
 unto righteousness ; and with the mouth confession is made 
 unto salvation." At its conclusion, a collection, amounting 
 to £150 was made. An adjournment to the large room of 
 the national school room took place, where a splendid 
 dejeuner a la fouchette had been provided, at the expense 
 of the committee. 
 
 The Bishop of London, on his health being drunk, took 
 occasion to mention, that the church building fund, which 
 he was the means of establishing, had, during the last ten 
 years, reached in amount to nearly £200,000, by means of 
 which forty-two churches had been already erected. In 
 this case, as above stated, individual liberality had been 
 successfully appealed to. 
 
 The total expense of erecting the church was estimated 
 at £6000, of which, at the time of consecration, £5000 had 
 been subscribed. The right of presentation, after the first 
 time, is vested in the Bishop of London. 
 
 The new church is situate on the great western road, 
 
470 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 on the south side, near to the five-mile stone, and in the 
 centre of Turnham-Green. 
 
 The style of the church is early English, of the middle 
 period of the style. It consists of a chancel, with an 
 octagonal apse ; north and south transepts ; a nave and 
 aisles ; a western tower ; and a north porch. The nave 
 and aisles are covered with high pitched roofs springing 
 from about the same level, and consequently without a 
 clerestory. They are separated from one another by octa- 
 gonal pillars and pointed arches, that opposite to the 
 transe23ts being of greater space' than the others. 
 
 The roofs internally are open and stained, and are of a 
 simple but agreeable design. The chancel, however, has 
 a grained ceiling below the roof. The seats are low and 
 unobtrusive, and are stained in the same manner as the 
 timbers of the roof. The effect of the interior in general 
 is simple and agreeable, though having no pretensions to 
 an ornamental character. 
 
 The exterior is faced with flint with dressings of Bath 
 stone. The windows are of the lancet form, those to the 
 aisles being in couplets. The tower is perhaps the most 
 striking external feature, it is of bold but simple and sub- 
 stantial design, and is finished with a broach spire, with 
 two ranges of spire-lights ; its height is about 140 feet. 
 The length of the church, including the tower and chancel, 
 is about 112 feet; and the width of the nave and aisles 
 externally about 50 feet. There are seats for 930 persons, 
 of which 505 are unappropriated. The effect of the 
 exterior would have been much improved had the chancel 
 been of greater length, arid its shortness gives an undue 
 preponderance to the transepts ; with this exception, its 
 external appearance is by no means unpleasing, though 
 exceedingly plain and unpretending. 
 
 The Rev. R. C. Jenkins, M. A. is the present incumbent. 
 
 The architects were Messrs. Scott and Moffat, of Spring- 
 Gardens. The builders, Messrs. Bird, of Brook-Green, 
 Hammersmith. 
 
 Infant School. — There is an Infant School at Turn- 
 
HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 471 
 
 ham-Green, supported by voluntary subscriptions of the 
 inhabitants; and a Clothing Club in Turnham-Green and 
 Strand-on-the-Green. 
 
 An Infant School is also about to be established in the 
 most destitute part of the parish, through the munificence 
 of John Charles Sharpe, Esq. of Chiswick. 
 
 The Gardens of the Horticultural Society. — The 
 horticultural society of London had its origin in 1804, 
 from a few individuals of wealth and talent, who associated 
 for the improvement of the art in which they delighted. 
 Their views soon enlarged; and on the 17th of April, 
 1809, they were incorporated into the above-named society. 
 The charter states the society to be for the improvement 
 of horticulture in all its branches, ornamental as well as 
 useful. 
 
 The original corporation of the society consisted of 
 George, Earl of Dartmouth; Edward, Earl of Powis; 
 Brownlow, Bishop of Winchester; John, Lord Selsey; 
 Charles Greville, Esq. ; Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. ; W. T. 
 Aiton; John Elliott; T. A. Knight; C. Miller; B. A. 
 Salisbury ; J. Trevelyan, Esq. ; and J. Dickson, T, Hay, 
 and "W. Smith, gardeners. 
 
 The society has power to purchase lands, and is liable 
 to sue and be sued, and to have a common seal, an indefinite 
 number of fellows, the power of naming which was to be 
 in any five of the above-named original members, chosen 
 before the 1st of May, 1809, but afterwards to be in the 
 power of any seven or more fellows. The society to have 
 a council of fifteen fellows, a president, treasurer, and 
 secretary. 
 
 The first president to be the Earl of Dartmouth ; Charles 
 Greville, first treasurer ; B. A. Salisbury, first secretary. 
 New ones to be elected annually. 
 
 The president appoints every year five vice-presidents 
 from among the members; three of the council go out 
 annually, and three other fellows elected to their places. 
 
 At the first establishment of the society, and for a few 
 years afterwards, the number of its fellows amounted to 
 
4<£ HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 not more than 400 ; but in 1822 they had increased to 
 1520, in the two preceding years 660 fellows having been 
 elected; in 1824, the fellows amounted to 2197; in 1826, 
 the number was 1924 ; in 1827, it was 2044 ; in 1845, the 
 number is 1555. 
 
 Although the society was instituted so early as the year 
 1804, as before mentioned, yet its progress, previous to 
 the year 1818, had not been such as to encourage the 
 establishment of a garden for the prosecution of expe- 
 riments connected with the objects of this institution. But 
 at that period the interest taken by the public in the pro- 
 ceedings of the society had increased sufficiently to furnish 
 the means of carrying into effect, to a certain extent, that 
 measure which had long been obviously of great importance. 
 A piece of walled garden ground, containing an acre and 
 a half, was taken in March, 1818, in the parish of Ken- 
 sington,* and a collection of plants, of such descriptions 
 as appeared expedient, was formed, foreign and domestic. 
 It was soon found, however, that a garden of such circum- 
 scribed dimensions was quite inadequate to the purposes 
 for which it was intended, in consequence of which, an 
 additional piece of ground, at Ealing, was taken, in the 
 spring of 1820, to which such part of the collections as the 
 garden at Kensington was unequal to maintain, particularly 
 fruit trees and roses, was transferred. 
 
 The increasing prosperity of the society, however, 
 demanded that an establishment more equal to its wants, 
 and the expectations of the public, should be formed. 
 When this was resolved upon, the three principal points 
 to be attended to were, the locality, the magnitude, and, 
 as a purchase of land was not contemplated by the society, 
 a permanent tenure. With these in view, various tracts 
 of land were successively examined, of which none were 
 found so eligible in every respect as a piece of ground 
 occupied by market gardeners, which was offered to the 
 society by the agents of his grace the Duke of Devonshire. 
 This is situated between the London road, which runs 
 through Turnham-Green, and the Duke of Devonshire's 
 * See Faulkner's Hi?t. of Kensington, 8vo. p. 186. 
 
HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 473 
 
 park. As it appeared in every respect to possess the 
 advantages required by the society, a treaty was concluded 
 for taking the same, in the year 1821. 
 
 The ground which it was agreed to rent of the Duke of 
 Devonshire, consisted of thirty-three acres, held upon a 
 lease of sixty years, renewable every thirty years for ever, 
 upon a fine certain, and at a rental of £300 per annum, 
 with power to the society of relinquishing its obligations 
 at any time, upon giving twelve months' notice. 
 
 As soon as the negotiations for taking the ground had 
 been completed, the council transmitted to each member 
 of the society a printed statement relative to the proposed 
 establishment ; and bye-laws for the regulation of the 
 garden were passed, with the formalities directed by the 
 charter of the society. Under the direction of the bye- 
 laws, a committee of management was nominated, and 
 an assistant secretary, and two principal gardeners were 
 appointed. 
 
 Upon the first meeting of the garden committee, a plan 
 for the division and general management of the garden 
 was submitted by the secretary and approved. This, with 
 a few unimportant alterations, has been in part carried into 
 execution. 
 
 The establishment and maintenance of a complete col- 
 lection of authentic specimens of useful or ornamental 
 trees, shrubs, and herbs, was one of the nrost important 
 objects for which the Society's garden was originally taken, 
 and which had been fulfilled to a very considerable degree 
 prior to the year 1830, and the great extent to which the 
 collection was likely to attain, was the principal reason for 
 renting so large a piece of ground. The collection in 
 1830 was still young, and far from being complete, as it 
 evidently might become in a few years. To provide 
 against the expected increase, much of the ground was at 
 that period unoccupied, and it was strongly recommended 
 by the committee of enquiry in 1830, that such part as 
 might not be immediately wanted, should in some way be 
 disposed off, or let off, so as to diminish the annual expen- 
 diture. This, however, the council after various attempts, 
 
474 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 found to be as impracticable, as it always is, to secure 
 pecuniary returns of any consequence from the produce 
 of an experimental garden ; and, as the only alternative, 
 they, during the first years, cut off every source of expence, 
 which might be considered applicable to mere embellish- 
 ment, or as not strictly necessary for the main objects of 
 the society. But as the society's joosition became less 
 embarrassed, and as the growth as well as the increase of 
 the collections, especially that of hardy trees and shrubs, 
 required more space, the attention of the garden com- 
 mittee, under the direction of the council, was turned to 
 the arrangement and maintenance of the collections in 
 such a manner as might best conduce to their utility, and 
 to that " neatness, regularity, and proper arrangement," 
 so strongly recommended by the committee of 1830. The 
 whole of the garden is now arranged, and but little remains 
 to be done. 
 
 The following are the chief results under this head in 
 the three different departments of the garden. 
 
 1. Orchard and kitchen department. In the orchard a 
 large number of varieties, originally received as new, 
 when they bore fruit and were compared, were discovered 
 either to be synonymous of others known by different 
 names, or to be undeserving of cultivation, so that little 
 or no extention has been required to the ground occupied 
 by fruit trees. The proved varieties now growing in the 
 orchard are as follow. 
 
 Apples, 910; Pears, 510; plums, 160; cherries, 60; 
 peaches, 30; nectarines, 20; apricots, 14; grapes, 115; 
 figs, 50 ; nuts, 24 ; gooseberries, 230 ; currants, 10; rasp- 
 berries, 8 ; strawberries, 24 ; — Total, 2,165. 
 
 A standard collection of kitchen garden plants is always 
 susceptible of much less precision and extent than an 
 orchard ; vegetables are mostly annuals or biennials, and 
 must be propagated by seed, each variety of which, must 
 in many cases be sown at a considerable distance from all 
 others, so as to prevent cross breeding, such varieties are 
 often the immediate result of soil and climate, or of special, 
 but well known and expensive modes cf cultivation ; and 
 
HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 475 
 
 when transplanted or resown under less favourable cir- 
 cumstances, they very soon degenerate. The garden 
 committee have therefore thought it, in many cases 
 impossible, in others unadviseable, considering the limited 
 funds at their disposal, to maintain a collection of well 
 known vegetables, in the beauty of which they would 
 always be excelled with a much less outlay by any market 
 gardener who has a rich soil, abundance of manure, and 
 the proceeds of a regular and steady sale at his command. 
 The ground formerly occupied by the kitchen garden has 
 therefore been in some measure reduced, and limited to 
 what is strictly necessary for the growth of samples only 
 of the principal varieties of vegetables in common culti- 
 vation, and for proving such as are reputed to be new 
 and possessing merit. 
 
 2. Hot-house and tender department. The construc- 
 tion of an extensive range of conservatories, and hot- 
 houses had been planned at the first laying out of the 
 garden, and the extent of glass of this description, which 
 in the year 1830, consisted of 405 feet running of hot- 
 houses, and 407 of pits, has increased to 439 feet of hot- 
 houses, and 712 feet of pits. In the year 1835, the 
 council resolved that one-half of the clear proceeds of the 
 garden exhibitions should be laid aside towards the com- 
 pletion of the range of conservatories, one wing of which 
 is now finished; and owing to the liberality of several 
 friends of the society, contains already a large number of 
 valuable specimens of plants. The period when the 
 council will be enabled to proceed with the main body of 
 the range, will depend entirely upon the support which 
 the society may receive from the fellows, and the public 
 at large. The number of species and varieties now cul- 
 tivated in this department are as follows : — stove orchi- 
 dacese, about 700; miscellaneous stove plants, about 1050; 
 green-house shrubs or perennials, about 1970; tender 
 annuals, about 50 ; making a total of about 3770. 
 
 3. Hardy department, containing the arboretum and 
 flower garden. Great additions in point of extent have 
 been made to the arboretum since 1830, besides the 
 
476 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 original site, it now occupies that of the old flower garden, 
 the whole of the ground which lay waste at that time as 
 well as the part formerly occupied by hedge roses, and 
 also a broad belt planted round the southern portion of 
 the garden. The growth of the trees have enabled the 
 garden committee to direct the turfing over of many 
 clumps which were thought necessary at the first laying- 
 out of the garden. By this means the specimen trees 
 have been isolated with room to clevelope their natural 
 forms ; and the collection, which as well as that of fruit 
 trees is unrivalled in any other part of the globe, now 
 contains nearly three thousand species or varieties of trees 
 and shrubs, exclusive of nearly a thousand garden roses, 
 and about two hundred garden varieties of azalias and 
 rhododendrons. 
 
 But in this, as in many other departments of the garden 
 management, the garden committee have to contend with 
 many difficulties, from the want of sheds and other accom- 
 modations ; and on the other hand, from the positive 
 instructions of the council, to refrain from any outlay not 
 of immediate necessity, so long as the society still remains 
 encumbered with a considerable debt. 
 
 The number of hardy ornamental perennials now in 
 cultivation in the garden is about 2,600 ; and the annual 
 average of hardy annuals sown is from 250 to 300 ; 
 making a total of above 9,800 species or varieties of plants 
 in the society's possession, exclusive of fruit trees, roses, 
 azalias, and rhododendrons. 
 
 Much information relating to the society's collection of 
 trees and shrubs will be found in Mr. Loudon's Arbore- 
 tum, et Frutioetum Britannicum; and observations and 
 experiments made at the garden have been the ground 
 work of many of the principles laid down in Dr. Lindley's 
 Theory of Horticulture. 
 
 The garden committee have deemed it incumbent on 
 them to be as liberal as circumstances would allow, in their 
 distributions to foreign, as well as home correspondents, 
 in exchanges, and in the supply of articles applied for by 
 Her Majesty's Colonial Government. The articles distri- 
 

 HORTICULTURAL GARDENS. 477 
 
 buted since May, 1830, have been chiefly articles imported, 
 viz. — Californian roots and seeds, received from Mr. 
 Douglass, in 1833 ; Mexican Orchidaceous Epiphytes, 
 bulbs and seeds received from Mr. Hartwey, at Mexico ; 
 a supply of vegetable and other seeds which are either 
 new, or do not ripen well in this country, and which are 
 annually imported from Paris, and occasionally from Ham- 
 burgh ; seeds of Perius Nigricans, received from Baron 
 Jacquin, in 1830; and a quantity of Chilian seeds, pur- 
 chased from Mr. Bridges, in the year 183&. 
 
 Articles supplied from the garden, viz. — Grafts of fruit 
 trees ; cuttings of ornamental trees and shrubs ; plants 
 of hardy, tender, or stove perennials, introduced by the 
 society, or originally raised in the society's garden ; seeds 
 collected in the society's garden ; Dahlias, and occasionally 
 plants and roots of other descriptions specially applied for, 
 and which the garden committee happened to have the 
 means of furnishing. 
 
 The special exhibitions at the society's garden take place 
 on three Saturdays in the months of May, June, and July 
 respectively. The subjects of exhibition are divided into two 
 classes ; for the first class, nurserymen compete with nur- 
 serymen, and private individuals with private indidviduals, 
 and separate prizes are awarded accordingly; for the 
 second class, no distinction is made between the nursery- 
 men and private individuals. 
 
 The amount distributed during the last ten years make 
 a total of 
 
 
 Packets of 
 
 Parcels of 
 
 Plants. 
 
 Seeds. 
 
 Cuttings. 
 
 To members 90,525 
 
 349,903 
 9,185 
 
 48,500 
 5,925 
 
 „ foreign countries and correspondents 3,870 
 
 ,, Her Majesty's Colonies 930 
 
 4,506 
 
 146 
 
 
 
 95,325 363,594 54,571 
 
 The society distributes in gold or in silver three des- 
 criptions of medals, namely, the large, the Knightian, and 
 the Banksian. 
 
 The total number of medals awarded since 1830 are as 
 follows : — 
 
478 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 At the ordinary meetings 
 
 At the special exhibitions 
 
 To provincial societies and others . . 
 
 98 
 
 Silver. Total. 
 
 362 362 
 
 955 1053 
 
 63 63 
 
 98 1384 1478 
 
 Foreign correspondence. In the long list of foreign, and 
 foreign, corresponding members of the society, there will be 
 found, it is believed, nearly every name of distinction in 
 horticulture in every part of the globe ; and of late years 
 especially, since our extended communications with the 
 continent have afforded better means of ascertaining the 
 real scientific qualifications of persons resident in the less 
 frequented parts, great pains have been taken in the selec- 
 tion of those on whom the title is conferred. 
 
 The following are the foreign members elected during 
 this period ; the number of twenty, as limited by the bye- 
 laws, being now complete : — 1880, Dr. W allien, Calcutta ; 
 1833, Professor G. C. Nees Y. Esenbeck, Breslau; 1838, 
 Baron Charles von Hugel, Vienna ; 1838, James Trail, 
 Esq. Cairo ; 1888, his highness the Prince of Salm Dyck; 
 1840, Dr. Siebold, Leyden; 1840, Dr. Endlicher, Vienna; 
 1840, M. Dutrochet; 1840, M. Vilmorin, Paris; Th. 
 Michel, professor of botany, Naples. 
 
 Twenty-six foreign corresponding members have been 
 elected during the same period, carrying the total present 
 number to 217.* 
 
 Exhibitions at the garden : — 
 
 1840. May 16 2471 
 
 June 13 11594 
 
 July 4 5072 
 
 19137 
 
 1841. May 15 5600 
 
 June 12 8975 
 
 July 10. 7194 
 
 21769 
 
 1842. May 14 5369 
 
 June 11 13351 
 
 July 9 3500 
 
 1843. 
 
 1844. 
 
 May 13 4818 
 
 June 17 11064 
 
 July 12 7568 
 
 23450 
 
 May 18 4367 
 
 June 15 13517 
 
 July 13 4289 
 
 „ 31 2307 
 
 24480 
 
 1845. May 24 3641 
 
 June 21 12500 
 
 July 12 6186 
 
 22220 22321 
 
 * Report of the Horticultural Society of London, 1840. 
 
SUTTOX COURT. 479 
 
 Sutton. — The village called Little Sutton and Long 
 Sutton is of great antiquity, and many records exist 
 relative to its proprietorship and locality, in which it is vari- 
 ously spelled Suttona, Sothona, and Suttone. The parish 
 church of Chiswick was anciently called the Church of 
 Sutton as belonging to the Dean of St. Paul's manor, and 
 under whose jurisdiction it still remains. 
 
 There can be no doubt that all this property belonged 
 to the Bishop of London, and church of St. Paul, from the 
 time of their foundation; and that they enjoyed very 
 great privileges in all their lands, as appears by a writ of 
 quo warranto in the twenty-second of Edward the First, 
 by which the bishop was summoned to shew by what 
 authority he exercised certain rights, including even the 
 gallows in Fulham, Cheswyck, Sutton, Gillyng, Acton, 
 and Fyncherley, when he pleaded that Gillyng, Acton, 
 and Fyncherley were members of Fulham, and that he 
 and his predecessors had from time immemorial been 
 seized of the said liberties in those towns, and that King 
 John confirmed them to his predecessor Bishop William, 
 and judgment was given accordingly 
 
 The Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, London, were also 
 summoned to answer to our Lord the King, by what war- 
 rant they claim to have view of Frankledge, and the 
 amending of the assize of bread and ale broken, pillory, 
 tumbre, infangthef, outfangthef, gallows, chatties of fugi- 
 tives, and persons condemned, their tenants in Cheswyk, 
 Sutton, &c. all which privileges were confirmed to them 
 by the verdict of the jury, except that they had the right 
 of the gallows only in the town of Fynnesbury.* 
 
 The manor of Sutton was conveyed in the ninth year 
 of Edward the Fourth, to Thomas Coveton and others. 
 During the civil war, the manor was sequestered to the 
 Lord Mayor and aldermen of London. In the year 1676, 
 
 * Decanus et Oaptm ecclie Sci Pauli London, sum fuunt ad respondendum 
 dno Regi de Plito quo waranto clam here vis franci pleg et emendas assis 
 panis et cvis fracte pilloru tumbellu infanganethef, utfanganethef, furcas catall 
 fugitor et damnator tenencia suor in Cheswyk, Sutton, &c. 
 
 Placita de Quo Waranto Com. Mid. Edw. I. 
 
480 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 the lease came into the hands of Thomas, Earl of Faucon- 
 berg,* who married Maria, the third daughter of Oliver 
 Cromwell, in the year 1657. The marriage took place 
 at Hampton-court, f and although the ceremony was 
 performed in public according to the rights then in use, 
 they were immediately afterwards in private, married by 
 ministers ordained by bishops, and this with the privity of 
 Cromwell. Bishop Burnet says of this lady, " she was a 
 wise and worthy woman more likely to have maintained 
 the post of protector, than either of her brothers, accord- 
 ing to a saying that went of hers, " that those who wore 
 breeches deserved petticoats better, but if those in petti- 
 coats had been in breeches, they could have held faster." 
 Lord Fauconberg forwarded the restoration, and was 
 appointed by the restored monarch in 1660, lord lieute- 
 nant of the bishopric of Durham. He was soon afterwards 
 accredited ambassador to Venice and nominated captain of 
 the band of gentleman pensioners. In 1679, he was 
 sworn in one of the privy council ; and again in 1689, 
 upon the accession of King William and Queen Mary, his 
 lordship was created by letters patent, dated April 1689, 
 Earl of Fauconberg. He died December, 1700, and 
 having no issue the earldom expired, while his other 
 honours reverted to his nephew Thomas Belasyse.J 
 
 In Mackey's journey § which must have been written, or 
 at least made before 1713, although the dedication bears 
 date 1724, the Countess of Fauconberg is described as 
 exhibiting a different appearance in her old age from that 
 which has been generally ascribed to her. Speaking of 
 Sutton Court, the seat of the Earl of Fauconberg he says, 
 " I saw here a great and curious piece of antiquity, the 
 eldest (this is a mistake, she was the third) daughter of 
 Oliver Cromwell, who was then fresh and gay though of 
 great age." In person she is said to have been handsome, 
 
 * See page 291. 
 
 + November 19. " Married at Hampton-court, the Lady Mary Cromwell, to 
 the most noble Lord Falconbridge, in the presence of their Highnesses, and 
 many noble personages." — Public Intelligencer, Nov. 10, 2%, 1657. 
 
 I Burke's Extinct Peerage. 
 
 § Journey through England, vol. i. p. 86, 
 
SUTTON COURT. 481 
 
 yet at the same time to have resembled her father. After 
 seeing all hopes of sovereignty continuing in her own family, 
 cut off by the death of her father, she is said to have exerted 
 all her endeavours for the restoration of monarchy. Lady 
 Fauconberg bore the character of a pious worthy woman, 
 and constantly attended divine service at her parish 
 church. 
 
 Her ladyship having no child, she had always been 
 kind to all parts of her family, and by her will gave to 
 Richard, her brother, £100. There is a portrait of this lady 
 at the Chequers, belonging to the baronet family of 
 Russel ; it shews her ladyship to have been of a delicate 
 constitution. There is nothing in the character of this lady 
 but what show her to be a wise and worthy woman. 
 Granger says, it is hardly to be credited, that though she 
 was handsome, yet she greatly resembled her father in 
 person; this is corroborated by Dean Swift, who knew her 
 ladyship, by his saying that she was extremely like the 
 pictures he had seen of her father ; and it is evident by 
 comparing her bust with the portraits of him. Before her 
 death, it appears that she lost much reverence of her 
 father's memory, regarding him probably as a hypocrite 
 and a usurper.* 
 
 In the year 1691, these gardens are thus described! — 
 My Lord Fauconberg's garden at Sutton Court has several 
 pleasant walks in it, but the upper garden next the house 
 is too irregular. The green-house is very well made but 
 ill set. It is divided into three rooms, and very well 
 furnished with good'greens ; but it is so placed that the sun 
 shines not on the plants in winter, the dwelling house 
 standing betwixt the sun and it ; the maize or wilderness 
 is very pretty, with a Cyprus harbour in the middle, sup- 
 ported by a well-wrought timber frame. The inclosure 
 wired in for white pheasants and partridges, is a fine 
 apartment, and the timber walk with vines on the side is 
 
 * Granger's Biog. Hist. Noble's Mem. of the Cromwells, vol. i. p. 148. 
 + Gibson's Account of the Gardens round London, Archaeologia, vol. xii. 
 p. 184. 
 
 2 i 
 
482 HISTORY OF CHJSWICK. 
 
 very fine, when the blue pots are on the pedestals on the 
 top of it; and so is the fish pond. The house and gardens 
 are thus described by a cotemporary tourist. From Brent- 
 ford I passed by the pleasant village of Chiswick, and in 
 an hour got to Sutton Court, that celebrated seat of the 
 late Earl of Fauconberg ; and I must own that the house, 
 furniture, pictures, and gardening, are well worth the 
 curiosity of a stranger. Sutton is, indeed, un bijou, it has 
 three parterres from three fronts of the house, each finely 
 adorned with statues. The gardens are irregular, but 
 every walk affords variety, the hedges, grottos, statues, 
 mounts, and canals, are so many surprising beauties. In 
 the house are several very good Italian pictures, and a 
 very neat library.* 
 
 After the death of the Earl of Fauconberg, the estate of 
 Sntton Court became by a deed of gift the property of 
 Sir Thomas Frankland, his nephew, who was post-master 
 general, and appears to have lived at the same time at 
 Little Sutton. After Lady Fauconberg's death in 1713, 
 he was admitted to a house and premises late her property. 
 Sir Thomas died in 1726. f In 1727, previous to Lord 
 Burlington's purchase, Thomas Fowler Lord Fauconberg, 
 (nephew of the viscount then lately deceased, and great 
 nephew of Thomas Earl of Fauconberg, Rowland Belasys, 
 and Oliver Cromwell, youngest son of Henry, only son of 
 Henry Cromwell, who was younger brother of the late 
 countess, and her heir according to the custom of the 
 manor, were all admitted to premises at Chiswick, and all 
 surrendered to the Earl of Burlington. 
 
 The village of Sutton still retains a tranquil and retired 
 character, well calculated to surprise the visitor, for the 
 transition from crowded streets and noisy turmoil, to this 
 most pleasant and rural spot, is indeed, abrupt and pleasing. 
 
 The principal mansion called Sutton Court, or the 
 Manor House is now occupied by Mr. Frederick Pappen- 
 don, as a boarding school for young gentlemen, and is 
 situated about half a mile from Turnham-green church. 
 
 * Mackey's Journey, vol. i. p. 86. Lond. 1732. 
 + See Court Rolls of Sutton. 
 
SUTTON COURT. 483 
 
 It is a handsome, spacious, and in some respects, an 
 ancient structure, seated on a gently elevated ground, but 
 the alterations which it has undergone since its first erec- 
 tion, have left but a small portion of the original building, 
 except the ground floor and the cellars, whose massive 
 walls in some parts exceed seven feet in thickness, extend- 
 ing one hundred feet in length ; these immense walls are 
 carried up into various parts of the house, and formed the 
 divisions of the original edifice. 
 
 The south-east front extends in length one hundred and 
 ten feet, built with stone, and consists of a centre sur- 
 mounted with a pediment and wings. In the lower room 
 is an antique fire place and marble chimney-piece, orna- 
 mented with fruits, flowers, and birds, boldly carved, the 
 entablature supported by jambs of the Ionic order, charged 
 with caryatides in the form of men, half lengths. The late 
 Thomas King, Esq. in a great measure rebuilt the mansion 
 as it now appears. 
 
 In the court yard stands a noble yew tree, whose trunk 
 measures (July 1845) at the base, ten feet eight inches in 
 circumference : now the third of this measurement gives 
 the diameter, and every inch of diameter is equal to ten 
 years growth, thus by this calculation, the tree is upwards 
 of four hundred years old. It is the opinion of Decandole, 
 that of all the European trees, the yew is that which 
 attains the greatest age ; and no doubt can exist that there 
 are individuals of the species in England as old as the 
 introduction of Christianity, and there is every reason to 
 believe a great deal older. 
 
 Grove House, near Sutton Court, belonged, in the 
 reign of Henry the Fourth, to Robert AVarner, who sold it 
 to Thomas Holgill, Esq. ; it was afterwards for several 
 generations the property of the Barker family. It is thus 
 described in 1705.* 
 
 To the west of the town beyond the seat belonging to 
 
 the Earl of Buckingham, is a spacious regular modern 
 
 building, called Grove House, in which dwells Scorey 
 
 * Cl. 13, Hen. IV. M. 10, 11, 18. 
 o T o 
 
484 
 
 HISTORY OF CIIISWICK. 
 
 ■s rv\ .^ «*-- AJL ^^3=1 
 
 Barker,* Esq. lately chosen Knight, of the Shire for 
 Middlesex, to serve in the ensuing parliament. This seat 
 is pleasantly situated near the Thames side, behind it are 
 gardens, by some said to be the finest in England. After 
 the death of Henny Barker, Esq. which happened in 
 1745, it was purchased by the Earl of Grantham, who 
 was born at Vienna, in 1788, and was appointed ambas- 
 sador to the Court of Spain, in 1771. In 1782, he was 
 secretary of state for Foreign affairs, and he concluded the 
 preliminaries of peace in 1783. Lord Grantham died in 
 1786; after his death this estate descended to his daughter, 
 Lady Francis Ellis. Soon after her death it was purchased 
 by the Bight Honourable Henry Morrice who made con- 
 siderable additions to the house, and built a large riding 
 house, with excellent stables for thirty horses. 
 
 Mr. Morrice bequeathed this seat, in the year 1790, to 
 Mrs. Luther, under the following very singular restric- 
 tions : — All the horses and dogs on the premises were to 
 be carefully fed and attended till they died a natural 
 death, and his own servant was to have two rooms in the 
 
 * This gentleman was chosen member of parliament for Middlesex, in 
 1701. See p. 38, ante. 
 
GROVE HOUSE. 485 
 
 house as long as he lived. In default of such attentions 
 to the animals, Mrs. Luther would have only a life interest 
 in the premises ; but if she fulfilled the intentions of the 
 will, the estate would be absolutely at her own disposal. 
 All the animals and the servant being dead, the estate was 
 put up for sale in 1819. 
 
 A modern writer, well known for his humour and 
 graphic powers, affords us the following description of 
 these premises, drawn up from ocular demonstration : — 
 " This is the villa which, if I am not mistaken, formerly 
 belonged to the well-known Humphrey Morrice, a gentle- 
 man of large fortune, and thought to be, for more reasons 
 than one, a very peculiar person. I remember seeing this 
 place, and the then master of it, one morning, when I was 
 a boy. On entering the court-yard, we were assailed by 
 a very numerous pack of curs, in full cry : this was occa- 
 sioned by Mr. Morrice's humantity towards animals. All 
 the stray mongrels which happened to follow him in 
 London, he sent down to this villa. He had a mare in 
 his stables, called " Curious," who, though attended with 
 the greatest care, was almost a skeleton from old age. 
 Many of his horses enjoyed a luxurious sinecure. During 
 summer they were turned into his park, where, in sultry 
 weather, they reposed beneath the shade of the trees, when 
 a boy was employed to flap the flies from their hides. The 
 honours shewn by Mr. Morrice to his beasts of burthen 
 were only inferior to those which Caligula lavished on his 
 charger."* 
 
 This beautiful villa, which is situated in a very desirable 
 and retired spot upon the banks of the Thames, is now the 
 property of the Duke of Devonshire. The premises, con- 
 taining about fourscore acres, are enclosed within a brick 
 wall ; the pleasure grounds were laid out by the Earl of 
 Grantham. The paddock abounds with a great number of 
 walnut trees and Spanish chestnuts ; the fruit of which has 
 been known to produce £80 per annum. 
 
 The property was purchased of Mrs. Luther by the Rev. 
 Robert Lowth, son of the late Bishop of London, who, in 
 
 * Colman's Random Records, vol. i. p. 280. 
 
486 HISTORY OF CHISW1CK. 
 
 the following interesting letter, renews his acquaintance 
 with George Colman the younger, a fellow- collegian : — 
 
 " Dear Sir, 
 
 " I have a liouse at Chiswick where, I rather think, this nine-lived box is ; 
 but whether it is so or no, I shall be very glad if you will give me a call, to 
 dine and take a bed, if convenient to you ; and if I canuot introduce you to 
 your old acquaintance and recollections, I shall have great pleasure in sub- 
 stituting new ones, — Mrs. Lowth, and eleven of our baker's dozen of olive- 
 branches, our present compliment in the house department, my eldest boy 
 being in the West Indies, and my third having returned to the military college 
 last Saturday, his vacation furlough having expired. As the summer begins to 
 borrow now and then an autumn evening, the sooner you will favour me with 
 your company, the surer you will be of finding me at Grove House ; the 
 expiration of other holidays being the usual signal for weighing anchor, and 
 shifting our moorings to Parsonage point. I remember you, or David Curzon, 
 had, among your phrases quondam, one, of anything being ' d — d summerly,' 
 I trust, however, having since tasted the delights of ' the sweet, shady side of 
 Pall Mall,' that you have worn out that prejudice, and will still catch the 
 season before it flies us. Or give me a line, naming a no distant day, that I 
 may not be elsewhere when you call, and you will much oblige, 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 ROBERT LOWTH. 
 
 Shortly after the writing of this letter, Mr. Lowth 
 caught a cold, by walking early in the day into the meadows 
 on the banks of the Thames, which brought on an inna- 
 mation, and caused his speedy dissolution. He was buried 
 in the family vault, in Fulham church-yard, as we learn 
 by the following pathetic narration : — 
 
 " My walk next morning was to the sepulchre of the 
 Lowths, to indulge in the mournful satisfaction of viewing 
 the depository of my poor friend's remains. It stands in 
 the church-yard, a few paces from the eastern end of 
 the ancient church of Fulham. The surrounding earth, 
 trampled by recent footsteps, and a slab of marble, which 
 had been evidently taken out and replaced in the side of 
 the tomb, too plainly presented traces to those rites which 
 had been performed on the preceding day. For several 
 mornings I repeated by walk thither ; and no summer 
 has since glided away, (except the last, when my sojourn- 
 ment at Fulham was suspended), without my visiting the 
 spot, and heaving a sigh to the memory of Robert Lowth."* 
 * Colman's Random Records, vol. i. p. '-.'??. 
 
STRAND-ON-THE-GREEX. 487 
 
 Strand. — This village anciently called " Strond," is 
 delightfully situated on the banks of the Thames, has 
 greatly improved of late years by the increase of respect- 
 able buildings, and now extends along the water-side to 
 Sutton Court. 
 
 The establishment of the new means of communication 
 between this place and London, will tend greatly to 
 increase the number of buildings and inhabitants; and 
 it is said to be the intention of some opulent persons of 
 Chiswick, to propose the building of a district church in 
 this respectable neighbourhood, a measure which could 
 not fail of being favourably received and properly 
 responded to, when we consider the great distance of the 
 inhabitants from their own district church. 
 
 Here are six alms houses, thus inscribed : — 
 
 Two of these houses built by Mr. Thomas Child, one by Mr. Solomon Wil- 
 liams, and one by William Abbot Carpenter, at his own charge for ye use of 
 the poor at Chiswick, for ever, 1724. 
 
 Repaired, 1816. 
 
 James Willsox, 1 .-,, , , 
 
 L Churchwardens. 
 William Wallis Bifield, J 
 
 The New Pier. — During the present year the " Union 
 Iron Steam Boat Company" have erected a pier at this 
 place, with convenient waiting rooms for passengers 
 between Chelsea and Kew Bridge, which will be found 
 a great convenience to the inhabitants of Brentford, Ealing, 
 and Kew, and to those of the intervening villages on the 
 banks of the Thames. Punctuality in passage, and mode- 
 ration in charges, command the patronage of an indulgent 
 public. 
 
 The well known Joe Miller, who was born, it is sup- 
 posed, in London, resided many years at this place ; he 
 was a lively comic actor and facetious companion; it is 
 therefore unpleasant to strip him of his laurels, but it is 
 time to place the crown which he has so long and so suc- 
 cessfully usurped, upon the head of him who has the best 
 claim to wear it. These jests, then, which are so well known, 
 
488 
 
 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 are the production of John Mottley, who died October 30, 
 1750 ; having been the author of several dramatic pieces. 
 It is also supposed that he was the compiler of the Lives 
 of the Dramatic writers, published at the end ofWhincop's 
 " Scandeberg." It is certain that the life of Mr. Mottley 
 in that work is particularized by such a number of various 
 incidents, as it seems improbable should have been known 
 to any one but himself. 
 
 Mr. Davis* is of opinion, that the first edition of Joe 
 Miller's Jests, certainly collected by Colonel Mottley, was 
 printed in 1745, but this is not the case. Joe Miller died 
 on the 13th of August, 1738, and was buried in the church 
 yard of St. Clement's, with an epitaph written by his 
 friend Stephen Duck. The first edition of his Jests was 
 printed by Thomas Road, in Dagwell-street, Whitefriars, 
 in 1739, and having run through eleven editions, it was 
 reprinted after a lapse of thirty years, by Barker, Book- 
 seller, of Russel-street, Covent-garden. A copy of the 
 original edition was lately valued at ten guineas in the 
 catalogue of an eminent bookseller. 
 
 Johan Zoffani, Esq. resided many years in a house 
 facing the river. 
 
 This eminent portrait painter, who was born near 
 Frankfort-on-the-Maine, came to England in the year 
 1761. He returned to the Continent in 1773, and visited 
 Italy. 
 
 Mr. Zoffani was particularly celebrated for small whole 
 lengths, and painted several pieces of Garrick and his 
 cotemporaries, in dramatic scenes ; which, both as works 
 of art and for the excellent likeness which they were 
 esteemed to bear to their originals are most highly valued. 
 He painted also two well known groups of the members 
 of the Royal Academy, about the year 1772 ; and the 
 Florence gallery, including portraits of most of the English 
 who were on their travels whilst he was in Florence. 
 During his residence in that city, the Emperor Joseph 
 
 * See Davis's Olio of Biblioth. Anecdotes, p. 96, Lond. l^L. Lit. Gaz. 
 July 21, 182J. Nichols' Lit. Anecdotes. 
 
JOHAX ZOFFAXI, ESQ. 
 
 489 
 
 and his family sat to him for their portraits, on which 
 occasion he was made by that monarch a Baron of the 
 Empire, but he never assumed the title. 
 
 Obtaining the notice of George the Third and his con- 
 sort, they sat to him for a large picture, in which the whole 
 family appeared assembled. He was admitted a member 
 of the Royal Academy in 1783. He went afterwards to 
 the East Indies where he became a favourite of the Nabob 
 of Oude, and amassed a handsome fortune, with which he 
 returned to England and settled at Strand-on-the-Green. 
 Whilst he resided there, he presented a large well executed 
 painting of the Last Supper, as an altar piece to St. George's 
 chapel, then lately built, and where it still remains.* 
 
 He was buried in Kew church yard, where is a square 
 tomb with rails, on the south side of which are the follow- 
 ing inscriptions — 
 
 Sacred to the memory of 
 
 Jolian Zoffani, Esq. R.A. 
 
 Who died November 11th, 1810, 
 
 Aged 87 years. 
 
 His widow caused this tomb to be erected as a memorial of her affection. 
 
 On the north side — 
 
 In memory of 
 Mary Zoffani, widow of J. Zoffani, R.A. 
 Who departed this life March 00th, 183-2, 
 Aged 77. 
 
 The most conspicuous and pleasing object in this neigh- 
 bourhood is the city barge, named the " Maria Wood," 
 which is one hundred and thirty-six feet long, and eighteen 
 feet wide, divided into state room, store room, bed rooms, 
 and kitchen. She is flat bottomed, and notwithstanding her 
 great length, draws only two feet of water, and lies on the 
 shore at this place, at the end of every season. Within 
 these few years she has gone up as high as Staines, and 
 often to Hampton-court, being always drawn up by horses. 
 This vessel cost five thousand pounds, and was built by 
 Mr. Peack, of Bank-side in 1816. She is the property of 
 * See page 129. 
 
490 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the city of London, and 
 is under the immediate jurisdiction of the Navigation 
 Committee. She is now in excellent condition, although 
 her two immediate predecessors were broken up after 
 having been built only twenty-six years. 
 
 The Strand Ayte is considered as belonging to the 
 parish of Ealing, and it is included within their boundary 
 line, it is always occupied by the city authorities, but they 
 pay nothing towards the poor rates, being exempted by 
 charter from the payment of all kinds of taxes. 
 
 At low water the Thames at this place appears nearly 
 dry, and presents a singular appearance, and seems to offer 
 no obstacles to a free passage on foot ; and it may be 
 recollected that it was on this spot that the battle was 
 fought between Edmund Ironside and the Danes.* It may 
 be easily imagined that before the successive embankments 
 which have taken place in latter times 3 that the river flowed 
 over a much wider space than at present, and consequently 
 afforded a still greater facility of passage, than even at the 
 present time. 
 
 The views on both sides of the Thames from Ham- 
 mersmith, Chiswick, and Brentford, up to Richmond, 
 are universally admired, and considered equal to any 
 thing of the kind that the Rhine or other Continental 
 rivers can offer to the admiring spectator ; and seated in 
 the midst of this beautiful landscape, we may be allowed 
 to exclaim in the noble aspirations of the Twickenham 
 Bard :— 
 
 Come, sacred peace, come long expected days, 
 That Thames's glory to the stars shall raise ; 
 Let Volga's hanks with iron squadrons shine, 
 And groves of lances glitter on the Ehine ; 
 Let barbarous rancour arm a servile train, 
 Be hers, the blessings of a peaceful reign. 
 Behold the ascending villas on his side, 
 Project long shadows o'er the crystal tide. 
 Behuld Augusta's glittering spires increase, 
 And temples rise, the beauteous works of peace. 
 
 * See page 12, ante. 
 
EALING PARK. 
 
 491 
 
 Ealing Park was successively the property of J.Loving, 
 Esq.; Sir Richard Ellis ; Sir Francis Dashwood; Sir Richard 
 Littleton; Lord Weymouth; Earl Brook, afterwards 
 Lord Warwick; Lord Robert Manners; Cuthbert Fisher, 
 Esq., and his widow. It became the property of W. Law- 
 rence, Esq. in 1838, and under the care and super- 
 intendence of Mrs. Lawrence, it has become one of the 
 most beautiful and classical spots near London. The 
 premises occupy nearly one hundred acres and are most 
 agreeably diversified with wood and water. There are 
 two lakes in front of the mansion containing about seven 
 acres of water, furnished with a variety of fish, and, with 
 their islands, are great ornaments to this part of the 
 gardens, and they fall southerly into the Thames. 
 
 The house, which consists of two stories, is about one 
 hundred and twenty-five feet long, the north entrance 
 is ornamented with a portico of the Tuscan order, 
 consisting of four columns with a pediment, the tym- 
 panum of which is plain. The entrance to the mansion 
 is through the great hall which is embellished with 
 statues and vases, some of which were taken during the 
 late war in China. On the right is the large library 
 which contains a capital collection of books, scientific, 
 botanical, and classical, many of the largest size folios 
 splendidly bound in morocco and russia leather, fine books 
 of prints, and portraits of eminent men ; on the left is a 
 small library containing the works of Byron, Scott, Bulwer, 
 and of some eminent Italian, French, and German authors. 
 The drawing room is sixty-two feet long, separated into 
 two divisions ; the tapestry is gobelin, and came from the 
 French palaces, and is supposed to be two hundred years 
 old ; the colours are, however, still brilliant, they consist 
 of four subjects; the Rape of the Sabines, the Sacrifice 
 of Iphigenia, and the Sacrifice of Flora, after Rubens ; a 
 Bacchanalian Triumph, after Annibale Carracci. 
 
 The Queen's chair, an elegant chair, so called from her 
 Majesty having sat in it during her late visit. The 
 arrangement of the drawing-room as a " tout ensemble" is 
 of the most magnificent description, and contains many 
 
492 EALING PARK. 
 
 objects of art and vertu. The upper floor contains the 
 blue room, the gold dressing room, the gold state bed 
 room, and the boudoirs. 
 
 The garden, or western front of the mansion is orna- 
 mented by a colonnade, extending the whole length of the 
 building, and consists of a centre and wings, supported by 
 ten pillars of the Ionic order. At the north end is a large 
 conservatory with arches, containing some of the largest 
 laurel trees in the country. On the south is an open 
 arcade consisting of five arches leading to the dairy pond 
 walk, which is embellished on either side with four square 
 pedestals, each being ornamented with classical groups, 
 representing 1. Peleus recovering over Achilles. 2. Castor 
 and Pollux. 8. Aristseus and Euridice. 4. Hercules 
 bearing off Lye as. 1. Mars and Venus. 2. Cupid and 
 Psyche. 8. Bacchus and Ariadne. 4. The Rape of Pro- 
 serpine. The elegance of these embellishment, and the 
 beauty of the surrounding scenery, remind the classical 
 visitor of the vicinity of Athens or Rome. 
 
 By a gradual descent we arrive at the dairy pond, which 
 is ornamented with a fine statue of Apollo, a fountain with 
 a statue of Neptune, and a mermaid in a fountain. 
 
 The large lawn in front is bounded by evergreens, and 
 here are some fine cedars, one of which is two hundred years 
 old. An ornamental dairy on one side of the fish pond, 
 contains painted glass windows, and some good china 
 with some fossils, and among the collection are some fossil 
 eggs from Ichaboe. 
 
 Here is also an aviary, containing above one hundred 
 species of Foreign birds, among which are many parrots 
 and mackaws of the most beautiful description, fostered by 
 daily attention and pure air. 
 
 A serpentine walk winds round the outside of the lawn 
 leading on the left to the rookery, or Crusaders' Burial 
 Place, being a collection of artificial crosses in burnt bricks, 
 and monumental fragments, covering a large space of 
 ground, in imitation of a burial ground still existing in 
 Palestine, and originally made in the time of the Crusaders. 
 
EALING PARK. 493 
 
 At the northern side of the lawn is a temple much used 
 by Pope, who was a frequent visitor here in the time of 
 Lord Warwick; the approach is by an avenue of Cedrus 
 Deodara. The plant houses, fifteen in number, contain a 
 large and choice collection of the rarest plants, viz. Orchi- 
 daceous plants, tropical Ferns, Azalias, Heaths, (which 
 are allowed to be the finest in the world,) Camellias, 
 Geraniums, hard rooted plants from New Zealand, and 
 Australia. 
 
 The following are a few of the rare shrubs and trees 
 lately introduced into England, which are now growing 
 well at Ealing Park. 
 
 Liriodendron Tulipefera, Pawlounia Imperialis, Arbutus 
 Procera, Auricaria Imbricata, Auricaria Braziliensis, Ilex 
 Latifolia, Pinus Monticola, Picea Fraseri, Picea Religiosa, 
 Picea Webbiana, Pinus Gerardiana, Pinus Nobilis, Aralia 
 Japonica, Juniperus Excelsa, Juniperus Lawrenciana, 
 Cercis Siliquastrum, Kolriuteria Paniculata, Cedrus 
 Deodara, Berberis Dulcis, Berberis Trifoliata, Lonicera 
 Ledebouri, Photinia Serrulata, Salisburia Adiantifolia, 
 Rhus Cotinus, Staphylea Firmata, Myrica Gale. 
 
 In Sir Richard Phillips's " Walk from London to Kew," 
 occur the following pleasing reminiscences of Chiswick 
 and its former inhabitants, arising out of the circumstance 
 of the ringing of the church bells, which, it appears by his 
 narrative, had been familiar to him since his school-boy 
 days. 
 
 " I now recollected that the winding of the river must 
 have brought me nearer to that simple and primitive 
 village than the profusion of wood permitted me to per- 
 ceive, and my nerves had been unconsciously acted upon 
 by tones which served as keys to all the associations con- 
 nected with these bells, their church, and the village of 
 Chiswick ! I listened again, and now discriminated the 
 identical sounds which I had not heard during a period 
 
494 HISTORY OF CHISWICK. 
 
 of thirty years. I distinguished the very words in the 
 successive tones, which the school boys and puerile imagi- 
 nations at Chiswick used to combine with them. In 
 fancy, I became a school boy. Yes, said I, the six bells 
 repeat the village legend, and tell me that " my dun cow 
 has just calved, exactly as they did above thirty years 
 since !" Did the reader ever encounter a similar key-note, 
 leading to a multitude of vivid and early impressions; 
 for in like manner these sympathetic tones brought before 
 my imagination numberless incidents and personages, no 
 longer important, or no longer in existence. My scattered 
 and once loved school mates, their characters, and their 
 various fortunes, passed in rapid review before me ; my 
 schoolmaster, his wife, and all the gentry, and heads of 
 families, whose orderly attendance at Divine service 
 on Sundays, while those well remembered bells were 
 " chiming for church," (but now departed and mouldering 
 in the adjoining graves,) were rapidly presented to my 
 recollection. With what pomp and form they used to 
 enter and depart from their house of God ! I saw with 
 the minds eye the widow Hogarth, and her maiden relative, 
 Richardson, walking up the aisle, dressed in their silken 
 sacks, their raised head-dresses, their black calashes, their 
 lace ruffles, and their high crook'd canes, preceded by 
 their aged servant, Samuel ; who, after he had wheeled 
 his mistress to church, in her Bath chair, carried the 
 Prayer books up the aisle, and opened and shut the ]3ew! 
 There too was the portly Dr. Griffiths, of the Monthly 
 Review, with his literary wife, in her neat and elevated 
 wire winged cap ; and oftimes the vivacious and angelic 
 Duchess of Devonshire, whose bloom had not then suffered 
 from the canker worm of pecuniary distress, created by 
 the luxury of charity. Nor could I forget the humble 
 distinction of the aged sexton, Mortefee, whose skill in 
 psalmody enabled him to lead that wretched group of 
 singers, whom Hogarth so happily pourtrayed; whose 
 performance with the tuning fork excited so much wonder 
 in little boys, and whose gesticulations, and contortions 
 
CHISWICK CHURCH BELLS. 495 
 
 of head, hand, and body, in beating time, were not out- 
 done, even by Joah Bates in the commemoration of 
 Handel ! Yes, simple and happy villagers ! I remember 
 scores of yon; — how fortunately ye had escaped the con- 
 tagion of the metropolitan vices, though distant but five 
 miles ; and how many of you I have conversed with, who, at 
 an adult age, had never beheld the degrading assemblage 
 of its knaveries and miseries." 
 
 It appears by the following ancient record of the time 
 of Edward the First, anno 1307, that the Abbot of West- 
 minster was summoned to shew by what authority he 
 exercised various liberties in Breynford and other towns, 
 consisting of free warren, market, toll, gallows, &c. 
 including the town of Westminster, when he pleaded that 
 Breynford was a member of the town of "Westminster, and 
 he claimed to plead all pleas which the kings's sheriff 
 pleaded in the county, except appeals and outlawries ; 
 and he produced the charter of King Henry the Third, 
 the King's father, to shew that he had granted to God 
 and to the Church of St. Peter, Westminter, and the 
 monks there, all the very extensive liberties he claimed, 
 except the plea of'vetito namio" and view of frank- 
 pledge in Breynford which he did not claim, and they 
 were allowed accordingly. 
 
 Abbas sum fuit acl respond Dni Regi de plito quo war- 
 ranto clam here Plito corone here libam warrenam merca- 
 tum feriam theolonu furcas, &c. Et Abbas venit et dicit 
 qd Eye Knytsbrig Greneford, Chelcheth, Breneford, &c. 
 Et sic quia in eadem carta continent qd heant visu france 
 pig in omib ten suis cu plito vetito namia et eo war clam 
 here placito vetite namii visu franci pleg cum ptin ubiq ; 
 pt quam in Braynford, ubi nich inde clam.* 
 
 The Eastern Willow Ayte, near Kew Bridge, is within 
 the boundaries of the Parish of Richmond, but it is the 
 property of the Parish of Fulham, having been bequeathed 
 
 * Placita De Quo Warranto, Com. Mid. Edw. I. p. 479. 
 
496 HISTORY OF OHTSWTCK. 
 
 by William Payne, Esq. of Pallingswick, in the year 
 1626, for charitable purposes, to be divided between 
 Fulham and Hammersmith. That portion of the island 
 which has been transmitted as the property of the Charity, 
 was ascertained by admeasurement in 1806, to consist of 
 1 acre, 3 roods, and 35 poles. The Commissioners of 
 Woods and Forests are in treaty for this property, on the 
 following terms : — that the sum of £ 800. stock be invested 
 in the names of the trustees in the S per cent, consols, as 
 the purchase money, and that the trustees be exonerated 
 from all expenses of the sale.* 
 
 Among the projected improvements of this neighbour- 
 hood, may be mentioned the Hounslow Railway, proposed 
 to be constructed on the Atmospheric plan, which is 
 proved to offer many advantages over Steam for short 
 distances. It is intended to carry this road through 
 Brentford, Turnham Green, Hammersmith, Kensington, 
 and Knightsbridge, where it is to terminate, within half-a- 
 mile of Hyde Park Corner. 
 
 * Faulkner's Hist, of Hammersmith, p. 173. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES AND TITLES. 
 
 Magna vis, magnum est ponclus in nominibus. Beroaldut 
 
 Adair, W. Esq. 208, 
 
 Adorinam Byfield, 47. 
 
 Aiton. Mr. 462. 
 
 Aiton, W. T. 471. 
 
 Albert, H. R. H. Prince, 436. 
 
 Algernon, Earl of Northumberland, 67. 
 
 Alexander, Emperor, 436. 
 
 Amelia, Princess, 254. 
 
 Andrews, Richard, 72. 
 
 Argyle, Duke of, 247. 
 
 Atlee, Richard, 203. 
 
 Atlee, Charles Nelson, 241. 
 
 Aulaire, Count St. 438. 
 
 Aunsham, Richard, 191. 
 
 Baillie, James, Esq. 202. 
 Baldock, Bishop, 177. 
 Barnes, Mrs. Eliz. 208. 
 Barrington. Bishop, 160. 
 Banks, Sir J. Bart. 471. 
 Barker, Henry, Esq. 484. 
 Bateman, Viscountess, 369. 
 Baynes, Sir Christopher, 41. 
 Beaufoy, H. Esq. 190. 
 Beauchamp, Sir John, 14. 
 Beaufort, Duke of, 434. 
 Beckwith, Col. John, 328. 
 Bedford, Francis, Earl of, 360. 
 Bedford, William, Fifth Earl of, 385. 
 Belasyse, Thomas. Esq. 480. 
 Bellingham, '-243. 
 Bell, Dr. 160. 
 Bennett, Rev. Mr. 47. 
 Bennet, John, 73. 
 Berkeley, Maurice De, 43. 
 Beveridge, Bishop, 178. 
 Bird, the Messrs. 470. 
 Bishop of London, Dr. Blomfield, 468, 
 Bishop of Winchester, Dr. Brownlow, 
 
 471. 
 Blake, B. Esq. 190. 
 Blucher, Marshal, 436. 
 Bonner, Bishop, 16. 
 Borfett, Rev. Mr. 48. 
 Bordall, Rev. William, 325. 
 Bowman, Rev. John, 201. 
 Booth, Sir Felix, Bart. 164. 
 Bowerbank, Rev. T. F. 468. 
 Bonney, T. Esq. 136. 
 Bramley, Rev. T. J. 177. 
 Bramlev, T. Esq. 177. 
 
 2k 
 
 Brougham, Lord, 388. 
 
 Bruuow, Baroness, 438. 
 
 Buckingham, Earl of, 4S3. 
 
 Buccleugh, Duchess of, 43 7. 
 
 Bulwer, 389. 
 
 Burlington, Richard, Earl of, 886, 
 
 387. 
 Burdett, Sir F. Bart. 40. 
 Burnaby, Rev. Dr. 59. 
 Butler, Rev. Weeden, 236. 
 Butlin, Elizabeth, 204. 
 Byron, Lady Noel, 240. 
 Byng, Geoge, Esq. 40. 
 
 Cadogan, Earl, 181. 
 
 Cambridge. Duke of, 436. 
 
 Canning, Right Hon. G. 388, 389. 
 
 Capel, Lady, 66. 
 
 Canute, King, 13. 
 
 Carlisle, Earl of, 433. 
 
 Carlyl, Christopher, 60. 
 
 Carr, R. Earl of Somerset, 385. 
 
 Lady Ann, 385. 
 
 Carnwath, Countess of, 257. 
 Cassamajor, J. H. Esq. 328 
 
 Mrs. Eliz. 329. 
 
 Mrs. Rebecca, 329. 
 
 Cavendish, Lord John, 462. 
 Charlotte, Queen, 158. 
 Chardin, Sir John, 465. 
 Chatterton, Lady, 387. 
 Chatham, Earl of, 446. 
 Chesterfield, Earl of, 239. 
 Chilcott, Rev. Dr. 59. 
 Churchill, Charles, 446. 
 Clarke, John, 76. 
 Clarendon, Lord, 37. 
 Clifford, Lord, 418. 
 Clitherow, James, Esq. 53, 54, 55, 
 
 Christopher, Esq. 54. 
 
 Cock, Simon, Esq. 322. 
 Cooke, William, B.D. 57. 
 Coleridge, Mr. Hartley, 440. 
 Collyer, Dr. 468. 
 Compton, Bishop, 189. 
 Copeland, A. Esq. 192, 255. 
 Cornwall, Sir Thomas, 17. 
 Coveton, Thomas, 418. 
 Cooper, G. Esq. 77. 
 Cooper, Charlotte, 57. 
 Cooke, William, 76. 
 
498 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Crawford, H. Esq. 254. 
 Crispe, Nicholas, Esq. 333. 
 
 Mrs. Ann, 334. 
 
 Edward, Esq. 334. 
 
 Crofts, William, Lord, 380. 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 480. 
 Henry, 482. 
 
 Dartmouth, Earl of, 471. 
 
 Davison, Mrs S. 197. 
 
 De Luc, J. A. 102. 
 
 Devereux, Eohert, Earl of Essex, 390. 
 
 Devonshire, Duke of, 380, 391. 
 
 Devonshire, Duchess of, 390, 432. 
 
 Dibdin, Charles, 268. 
 
 Dodd, Eev. Dr. 236. 
 
 Donne, Sir John, 418. 
 
 Dorset, Richard, Earl of, 2. 
 
 Doumouriez, Gen. 248. 
 
 Drinkwater, John, 76. 
 
 Drinkwater, Col. 225. 
 
 Dutrochet, M. 478. 
 
 Dynes, Mr. 465. 
 
 Edmund Ironside, 11, 12, 13. 
 Edward I. 123. 
 Edward III. 123. 
 Edward VI. 40. 
 Edwards, Dame Ann, 199. 
 Edwards, Thomas, Esq. 204, 266. 
 Eden, Sir F. M. Bart. 196. 
 Edric Streone, 13. 
 Egmont, Earl of, 402. 
 Egerton, Bishop of Durham, 242. 
 Elliot, Gen. 204, 402. 
 Ellis, Lady Francis, 484. 
 Elizabeth, Queen, 90. 
 Endlicher, Dr. 478. 
 Essenbeck, Professor, 478. 
 Essex, Earl of, 279. 
 Etheldred, King, 11. 
 
 Farmer, Thomas, Esq. 257. 
 Fairfax, General, 380. 
 Fauconberg, T. Earl of, 480; Coun- 
 tess of, 480. 
 Fauconberg, T. Fowler, 482. 
 Fielding, Henry, Esq. 200, 406. 
 Fisher, Cuthbert, Esq. 201. 
 Fletcher, T. 70. 
 Foote, 450. 
 
 Forbes, Sir C. Bart. 41. 
 Forest La, W. Esq. 83. 
 Fox, Sir Stephen, Knt. 373, 381, 453. 
 Fox, Bt. Hon. C. James, 388, 433. 
 Foxall, Thomas, Esq. 59. 
 Frankland, Sir Thomas, 482. 
 Frowick, Sir Thomas, Alderman, 252. 
 Fulke De Brent, 142. 
 
 Gallowov, Earl of, 239 
 
 Garrick, 448. 
 
 George the Third, King, 158. 
 Gilbert, Mr. 230. 
 Gouldsmith, J. Esq. 97. 
 Glasse, Rev. G. H. M.A. 08, 09. 
 Glasse, Rev. Sam. D.D. 08. 
 Glossop. Rev. H. 109- 
 Glover, Christopher, 70. 
 Gloucester, Duchess of, 436. 
 Goodenough, Mrs. A. 197. 
 Gordon, A. L. Esq. 191. 
 Gongh. Lady, 334. 
 Gray, Richard, Esq. 191. 
 Grantham, Earl of, 484. 
 Gresham, Sir Thomas, 96. 
 Greville, E. Esq. 471. 
 Griffiths, John, 329. 
 
 Mary, 329. 
 
 William Thomas, 329, 
 
 Ralph, Dr. 329, 466. 
 
 Gulston, J. Esq. 198. 
 Gunilda, Princess, 250. 
 
 Hamden, Col. 19. 
 
 Handel, 444. 
 
 Hardwick, Thomas, Esq. (53. 
 
 John, 63. 
 
 Philip, 63. 
 
 Harrington, T. Esq. 177, 223. 
 Harrison, Rev. G. M.A. 68, 71. 
 Harrington, T. 177. 
 Hastings, Lord Hoo, 14. 
 Hastings, Sir Edward, 17. 
 Hawley, Jacob, Esq. 58. 
 
 Henry, 58. 
 
 Hayley, William, Esq. 433. 
 Hazard, J. 166. 
 
 Heath, Sir Robert, 36. 
 
 Hedges, Dr. 242. 
 
 Henry VI. 14. 
 
 Heathfleld, Lord, 462, 464. 
 
 Hippisly, Sir John, 27. 
 
 Hoadly, Bishop, 443. 
 
 Hogarth, William, Esq. 335, 439. 
 
 Jane, 336. 
 
 Holford, Josiah, Esq. 73. 
 Hollis, Col. 26. 
 Home, John, 59. 
 Home Tooke, John, 202. 
 Home, Rev. Dr. Thomas, 321. 
 Horsley, William, Esq. 333. 
 Howard, John, 57. 
 Howard, James, 331. 
 Howell, W. E. LL.D. 55. 
 Hubbold, Ann, 72. 
 
 Hume, Joseph, 41. 
 Hiigel, Baron, 478. 
 
 Ilchester, Earl of, 449. 
 Ironside, Col. 254. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 49U 
 
 Jacquin, Baron, 171. 
 Jeddere, T. Esq. 231. 
 Jenkins, Rev. R. C. 470. 
 Julion, Thomas, 203. 
 Jones, Inigo., 391. 
 Jones, Sir William, 234. 
 
 Kaye, Dr. Bishop of Lincoln, 402. 
 
 Keating, Rev. W. A. 08. 
 
 Kennel, Robert, Esq. 330. 
 
 Kent, H. JR. H. the Duke of, 259. 
 
 Kent, — , 387. 
 
 Kerry, Earl of, 462. 
 
 King, Dr. William, 177, 247. 
 
 King, Thomas, Esq. 324, 482. 
 
 King, Edmund, 11, 13. 
 
 Kinnaird, Lord, 242. 
 
 Kirby, J. J. Esq. 131. 
 
 Kirby, Sarah, 157. 
 
 Knevett, Samuel, 205. 
 
 Knight, T. A. Esq. 471. 
 
 Lancaster, Joseph, 150. 
 
 Lawrence, W. Esq. 447. 
 
 Lawrence, Mrs. 491. 
 
 Layton, Thomas, 205. 
 
 Laud, Archbishop, 253. 
 
 Le Notre, 426. 
 
 Leicester, Earl of, 96. 
 
 Lemond, Major General, 199. 
 
 Lewis, Miss Mary, 336. 
 
 Lillie, Sir J. S. Knt. 41. 
 
 Lilburne, Capt. John, 36. 
 
 Lionel, Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex, 2. 
 
 London, Bishops of, 177, 258. 
 
 Long, R. Esq. 258. 
 
 Loving, J. Esq. 199. 
 
 Loutherbourgh De, P.J. R.A. 334,450. 
 
 Lowth, Rev. Robert, 486. 
 
 Lucas, Benjamin, 57. 
 
 Luther, Mrs. 400. 
 
 Lycott, T. Esq. 177. 
 
 Macartney, Right Hon. George Earl 
 
 of, 335, 372, 376. 
 Mainwaring, William, and G. B. 40. 
 Marlborough, 247. 
 Mangey, Rev. Dr. 178, 180. 
 Mary, Queen, 44. 
 Mason, 427. 
 
 Maw, Leonard, Bishop, 460. 
 Mawson, Dr. Mat. Bishop of Ely, 451. 
 Maynard, Sergeant, 253. 
 Maynard, John, 201. 
 Mellish, William, 41. 
 Melmoth, William, Esq. 240. 
 Merewether, R. Esq. 14 L. 
 Middleton, J. Esq. 56. 
 Miller, Joe, 487. 
 Miles, Sir J. 192. 
 
 Miller, C. 471. 
 McDonald, T. Esq. 225. 
 Milton, 426. 
 
 Monmouth, James, Duke of, 386. 
 More, Sir Thomas, 434. 
 Moore, Dr. Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, 452. 
 Morgan, J. Esq. 194. 
 Morpeth. Lord, 437. 
 MorreU, Dr. 443, 465. 
 Morris, Rev. John, D.D. 76. 
 Morrice, Right Hon. Henry, 484. 
 Morrison, Major, 103. 
 Mottley, Col. John, 488. 
 Murphy, Arthur, Esq. 455. 
 
 Napoleon, 435. 
 Nassau, Count of, 452. 
 Neele, Henry, 458. 
 Neild, James, Esq. 237. 
 Nicholas, Emperor, 423, 436. 
 Nicholas, Dr. F. 177. 
 Northumberland, Earl of, 27. 
 Noy, William, 56, 147. 
 
 Orme, Robert, Esq. 190, 231. 
 Oldmixon, G. Esq. 194. 
 
 J. Esq. 194. 
 
 Ossulston, Lord John, 72. 
 Owen, Dr. John, 249. 
 
 Painters, Alphabetical List of, 396. 
 
 Palladio, 392. 
 
 Parker, James, Esq. 73. 
 
 Payne, E. Esq. 208. 
 
 Pearce, Thomas, Esq. 200, 249. 
 
 Pearce, Bishop, 249. 
 
 Peacock, Lewis, Esq. 325. 
 
 Peat, Sir Robert, D.D. 59. 
 
 Perceval, Rt Hon. Spencer, 242, 245. 
 
 Pembroke, Earl of, 27, 388. 
 
 Percy, Bishop, 142. 
 
 Peter the Great, 423. 
 
 Phillips, Mr. 449. 
 
 Pitt, Right Hon. W. 247, 457. 
 
 Pitt, Eliza, 73. 
 
 Piatt, Richard, 204. 
 
 Platoff, Count, 436. 
 
 Plukenet, Thomas, Gen. 327. 
 
 Grace, Mrs. 327. 
 
 Powis, E. Earl of, 471. 
 Pownall, Henry, Esq. 42, 136. 
 Pratt, Eliz. 323. 
 Pratt, J. Esq. 433. 
 Prussia, King of, 436. 
 
 Radwinski, Princess, 438. 
 Ralph, Mr. 443. 
 Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, 253. 
 Randall, Rev. J. E. 68. 
 
500 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Redman, Henry, 44, 45, CO, 63. 
 
 Reade, Sir William, 90. 
 
 Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 158, 403, 422, 
 
 Richard, IT. King.. 124. 
 
 Robinson, T. 168. 
 
 Robinson, H. I. 76. 
 
 Robinson, Mrs. Catherine, 202. 
 
 Robins. Henry, Esq. 323. 
 
 Ann, Mrs. 323. 
 
 James, 323. 
 
 Tabitha, Mrs. 323. 
 
 Grace Maria, Miss, 323. 
 
 Catherine, Miss, 323. 
 
 Rogers, Samuel, Esq. 328. 
 
 Ronalds, Hugh, 65. 
 
 Rose, William, LL.D. 349, 368. 
 
 Ross, Captain, 165. 
 
 Rothschild. Baron, 257. 
 
 Rowe, T. B. and L. 164, 228. 
 
 Rupert, Prince, 19, 280. 
 
 Russel, Lord, 390. 
 
 Ruthen, P. Earl of Brencford, 36. 
 
 Salisbury, R.A. 471. 
 Salm Dyck, Prince of, 478. 
 Saville, Lady Dorothy, 386. 
 Saville, William M. of Halifax, 386. 
 Saxony. King of, 486. 
 Scbomberg, Marshal De, 37. 
 Scott and Moffat, 470. 
 Scott, Robert. Esq. 59. 
 Searle, G. F.76. 
 Selsey. Lord John, 471. 
 Senior, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1 98. 
 
 Maxy, 198. 
 
 Seymour, Edward, Esq. 386. 
 Sharp, Mr. William, 455. 
 Sharp, Mrs. Anne, 326. 
 
 William Francis, 326. 
 
 Benjamin. Esq. 326. 
 
 H. B. Esq. 326. 
 
 J. C. Esq. 468, 471. 
 
 Dr. Gregory, 158. 
 
 Sheridan, R. B. Esq. 433, 
 Sich, the Messrs. 468. 
 
 John, Esq. 326. 
 
 Anne Mrs. 326. 
 
 Harriet Miss, 326. 
 
 Sidney, Sir Henry, 460. 
 Sieholrl, Dr. 478. 
 Skinner, T. Alderman, Esq. 201. 
 Sloane, Sir Hans, 434. 
 Smart, Benjamin, 134. 
 Smith, Rev. John, 177, 178. 
 Smith, T. Esq. 177. 
 Smith, T. Esq. 146, 192. 
 Somerset, E.Duke of, 96. 
 Spelman, Sir Clement, 253. 
 Spenser, Sir Edward, 50, 96. 
 
 Spenser, Dame Mary, 72. 
 Spenser, William, 392. 
 Stephens, G. H. Admiral. 202. 
 Stirling, Sir W. Bart. 254. 
 Stoddart, Rev. Dr. 51. 78. 108. 
 Stukeley, Dr. 277. 
 Sturgess, Rev. Dr. 181, 183. 
 Suffolk, Earl of, 254. 
 Sutherland, Duchess of, 437. 
 Sykes. Sir Francis, 268. 
 
 Tankerville, C. Earl of Middlesex, 2. 
 Tappenham. F. Esq. 482. 
 Tattersal, J. Esq. M.D. 209. 
 Taverner, R. Esq. 197. 
 Taylor, Richard, Esq. 330. 
 
 John, 330. 
 
 Richard, Esq. 331. 
 
 Temple, Sir William, 425. 
 Thomas, Thomas, Esq. M.D. 322. 
 Thomson, Rev. F.E. B.A. 129. 
 Thomson, John Ayton, 3133. 
 Thornhill, Sir James, 441. 
 
 Lady, 441. 
 
 Dame Judith, 336. 
 
 Tickle. 433 
 
 Thorn, P. Esq. 190. 
 
 Tooke, Rev. John, 68. 
 
 Townseud, James, Esq. 73. 
 
 Trail, J. Esq. 478. 
 
 Trel>eck, Rev. James, 321. 
 
 Mary, 321. 
 
 Trevelyan, J. Esq. 471. 
 
 Trimmer, W. K. 6 
 
 Rev. E 8. 
 
 Mrs. 131. 
 
 Rev. H. S. 158. 
 
 Mr. John, 203. 
 
 Mrs. Anne, 203. 
 
 Mrs. 131, 182, 203. 
 
 Trumbull, Sir William, 241. 
 
 Tuffnell, G. Esq. 405. 
 | Turner, H. Esq. 254. 
 i TyrreU, G. Esq. 268. 
 
 Tyers, Mr. 441. 
 
 Vaughan, Edward, Esq. 198. 
 
 Ugo Foseolo, 467. 
 
 Wade, Mary Rachael, 328. 
 Waagen, Dr. 393, 402, 420. 
 W T alpole, Horace. 447. 
 Wallick, Dr. 478'. 
 Walmsley, Rev. Dr. 109. 
 Warburton, Rev. Dr. 265. 
 Warry, Rev. Thomas, B.D. 191. 
 Webbe, — 255. 
 Welstead, C. Esq. 449. 
 Wellington, Duke of, 438. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 501 
 
 Wenman, Lord, 27. 
 Wetherall, Gen. Sir F. 200, 202. 
 West, Benjamin, Esq. 456. 
 Whipham, Rev. Thomas, 68. 
 Whitbread, Samuel, Esq. 41. 
 Whittingham, Charles, 322. 
 
 Marv, 322. 
 
 Mr. C. 450. 
 
 Widdriiigton, the Hon. W. T. 363. 
 
 Williams, Mary, 73. 
 
 William the Fourth, King, 100. 
 
 Wilkes, John, 39, 416. 
 
 Wilson, Sir Thomas Spencer, 245. 
 
 Winter, Mrs. E. 203. 
 
 Winter, John, Esq. 203. 
 
 J. P. Esq. 192. 
 
 Wood, G. Esq 209. 
 
 Col. Thomas, 41. 
 
 Richard, Esq. 204. 
 
 Woodroffe, Mrs. Grace, 321 
 Woollett, — 456. 
 Wynne, Robert, 201. 
 Wyndsor, Sir W. 252. 
 
 York, Henry, 208. 
 
 Zoffani, J. Esq. 488. 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Albany Chapel, account of, 135 
 
 Amelia, Her Royal Highness, the 
 Princess, her demise at Gunners- 
 bnry-park, in 1787 ; her munificent 
 donation to the poor at Ealing, 
 254 
 
 Archery in Brentford Butts, Histo- 
 rical account of, 111, 115 
 
 Aytes in the River Thames, 163 
 
 Battle of Brentford, in 1642, 17 
 
 Baptist Chapel, the, Old Brentford, 
 account of, 132 
 
 Baptists, particular denomination of, 
 Church of, 133 
 
 Battle between Edmund Ironside 
 and Canute, near Kew-bridge, 
 11, 12 
 
 Berkeley Coat of Arms, 43 
 
 Beveridge, William, Vicar of Ealing, 
 and Bishop of St. Asaph, account 
 of, 180 
 
 Boston Road Chapel, account of, 133 
 
 Burston, or Boston Manor, 96 ; Bos- 
 ton House, account of, 98 ; History 
 and descent of, 98 
 
 Booth, Sir Felix, his great Distillery 
 andBrewery, account of; Patronizes 
 Capt. Ross in his Second Voyage ; 
 created a Baronet by King William 
 the Fourth, 164 
 
 Brent River, 142 
 
 Brentford, New, situation ; Boundaries 
 and Extent ; Population ; Number 
 of Houses; Butts and Market Place, 
 139 ; County Court, 141 ; Old Inns 
 — Ancient Houses, 144, 146 
 
 Brentford Bridge, Letters Patent for ; 
 granted by Edward II. in 1280; by 
 Edward III. in 1332 and 1372; bv 
 Richard II. in 1380 ; 124, 127 
 
 | Brentford, New Church of, when first 
 
 built uncertain, 43 
 | Brentford, New, Church enquiry, 
 time of Cromwell, 47; Minister's 
 Salary settled, 47; Queen .Anne's 
 Bounty obtained, 50; Vicarage 
 House devised to the Parish in 
 | 1646, annexed to the Church for 
 ever, 5 1 ; Afternoon Lectureship, 51 ; 
 Church rebuilt in 1764; Repaired 
 and Painted in 1820 and 1840; 
 Monuments and Inscriptions inside 
 the Church, 53, 63 ; Chime of Bells, 
 66 ; Communion Plate, 66 ; Sche- 
 dule of Church Goods in 1669, 67; 
 Incumbents from 1679 to 1842, 
 68 ; Church Lands seized by the 
 Crown, 40 
 
 Brentford, New, Chariiies and Bene- 
 factions, 72 ; Parochial Schools and 
 Charitable Institutions, 75, 80 
 
 Brentford, ' Jld,Boundaries andExtent ; 
 Population, 1H1 
 
 Brentford Gas Light Company, for- 
 mation and extent of, 166 
 
 Bridges, various, in the Parish of 
 Chiswick, 278, 279 
 
 British Schools, Brentford, 135,454; 
 Chiswick, account of, 454 
 
 Burney, Dr. his History of Music 
 cited, 10 
 
 Burning of six Protestants, account 
 of, 14, 17 
 
 Castle-Bar-Hill, the residence of 
 H. R. H. the Duke of Kent, Bio- 
 graphical Account of, 263 
 
 Chapel of St. George, Old Brentford, 
 when built, and made free, and 
 re-opened ; built after a design of 
 Mr. Kirby, description of, 128, 129: 
 
502 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Bounds of the district and Charities 
 helonging to it, 130, 132 ; Incum- 
 bents of this Chapel, 132 
 
 Chapel, Chiswick, account of, 454 
 
 Chapter of the Order of the Garter 
 held in New Brentford, 14 
 
 Charles I. marches into Brentford, 18 ; 
 the Parliament Army defeated, 19; 
 and the town plundered, 20 
 
 Chiswick, Name, Situation, Soil,Boun- 
 daries, 275 
 
 Chiswick Rectory and Vicarage, Sur- 
 veys of the Lands and Tithes ; 
 Value of the Rectory now leased 
 with the Manor of Sutton , Visita- 
 tions of the Church in 1252, and 
 1458, 295, 300; Charities, 341, 
 345 
 
 Church Inventory made 10th of March, 
 1552, sixth year of Edward VI. 
 
 Church built of Stone, dimensions of; 
 310; Interior, description of; Paro- 
 chial Charities painted on the Gal- 
 leries ; the Chancel ; the Nave ; 
 Monuments and Inscriptions, 311 
 
 Church Bells at Brentford, 06 ; at 
 Ealing, 213 ; at Chiswick, 309, 310 
 
 Chiswick Town, the Mall; Manor- 
 Farm-House, 388 
 
 Chiswick Population, 382 
 
 Chiswick House, Picture Gallery and 
 Gardens, description of, 424 
 
 Chiswick Church, description of, in 
 1705 ; Vicarage, value in 1649 and 
 1660 ; Vicars succession of, from 
 1662 to 1811, 309 
 
 Christ Church, Turnham Green, situ- 
 ation of, 468 ; Consecration of, 469 ; 
 Expense of Erection, ibid. ; Archi- 
 tectural description of, 464, 470 
 
 City Barge, named Maria "Wood, de- 
 scription of, 489 
 
 Clitherow Family, History and De- 
 scent of, 98, 99 
 
 Clitherow, Col.James ; Address to,from 
 New Brentford, 100 ; his Reply, 102 ; 
 Presentation of a piece of Plate to 
 him, 105 ; His Funeral, 107, 109 
 
 College-House, Chiswick, originally 
 intended for the retirement of the 
 Master and Scholars of Westmin- 
 ster School, 293 
 
 Colehaw Manor-House, now called 
 Goodenough-House, 236; occu- 
 pied formerly by Dr. Dodd, who 
 was taken prisoner in this house, 
 in 1776, Biograpbical account of, 
 238 
 
 Colman, George, his account of the 
 Rev. R. Lowth, 486 
 
 Compton, Dr. H. Bishop of London, 
 consecrated an additional piece of 
 ground for Ealing Church yard, 180 
 
 Corney-House, 368; ancient resi- 
 dence of the Bussel family, after- 
 wards of the Earl of Macartney, 
 pulled down in 1832 ; the premises 
 now the property of the Duke of 
 Devonshire 
 
 Dead Man's Graves, whv so called, 
 167, 168. 
 
 Devonshire, Duchess of, her Charac- 
 ter, 432 
 
 Dibdin, Charles, his residence in 
 Hanger Lane, 268 
 
 Doumouriez, Gen. Ins residence at 
 Little Ealing, his death and cha- 
 racter, 248 ; now ealled Rochester 
 House School 
 
 Ealing, Name, Situation, Boundaries 
 and Extent, 173, 174, 175 
 
 description of the Village; 
 
 Volunteer Association, 228; Manor; 
 Ceremonies of holding Court Leet 
 and Court Baron; Parsonage 
 House ; Royalties, or Bight of 
 Fishing, &c. 231 
 
 Ealing Grove Industrial School, patro- 
 nized by Lady Noel Byron, terms 
 and regulations of, 240 
 
 Bectory and Vicarage, Church, 
 
 176; Succession of Vicars, 178 
 
 Church Inventory, anno 1552, 
 
 third year of Edward VI. 183. 
 
 Parish Register, extracts from, 
 
 relating to the Plague in 1665, 
 Church Bells, peal of, 175 ; Right 
 of Ringing of the Bells, 219 
 Church Monuments and In- 
 
 scriptions inside enumerated, 190, 
 204; Charities and Benefactions, 
 205, 211 
 
 Ealing Park, succession of the Pro- 
 perty, description of the House ; 
 Library; Furniture; Gardens; Sta- 
 tues, Pope's Temple; Rare Plants 
 &c. 491, 493 
 
 Election for Members of Parliament, 
 when first established at Brent- 
 ford. 37 
 
 Election of Members of Parliament, 
 Riots and Disturbances during the 
 Elections at Brentford, 115, 123 
 
 Elliot, General, his gallant defence of 
 Gibraltar, 403 
 
 Edric Streone murders Edmund Iron- 
 side, at Brentford, 13; afterwards 
 executed, 14 
 
GENERAL INDEX* 
 
 503 
 
 Elm Grove, a capital Mansion so called, 
 the property and residence of the 
 late Right Hon. Spencer Perceval, 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, assas- 
 sination of him in the House of 
 Commons, Biographical account of, 
 241, 246 
 
 Extracts, singular and curious, from 
 ihe Brentford Parish Books, 81, 88 
 
 Fauconberg, T. Earl of, his residence, 
 480 
 
 Fauconberg Lady, after the death, 
 of the lute Earl resided at Chis- 
 wick ; her death and character, 
 480 
 
 Ferry at Brentford, the property of 
 John Haverfield, Esq. 103. 
 
 Fielding, Henry, the Cervantes of 
 England, his residence at Ford- 
 hook, leaves Ealing in June 1754 ; 
 sails to Lisbon and dies there in 
 August, stands yet at the head of 
 the English School of Comic 
 Romance, 208 
 
 Floods, great ones in 1082 and 1841 ; 
 particulars of the devastations, 148, 
 140, 152 
 
 Foscolo, Ugo, his residence and cha- 
 racter, 407 
 
 Fox, Sir Stephen, purchases a Copy- 
 hold Estate at Chiswick, his House 
 and Gardens described ; King Wil- 
 liam's remarkable exclamation upon 
 visiting the place; the Mansion 
 pulled down in 1812 
 
 Fox, Sir Stephen, Biographical Ac- 
 count of, 373, 381 
 
 Geology of the Neighbourhood, 4 
 
 Glasse, Rev. G. H. his various Publi- 
 cations, 00 
 
 Grand Junction Canal, 143 
 
 Grand Junction Water Works, 5, 272 
 
 Grove House, description of, singular 
 indulgence shewn here to animals, 
 483, 485 
 
 Gunnersbury House, the residence of 
 Thomas Farmer, Esq. 257 
 
 Gunnersbury Manor, History of, 252 ; 
 Park House described, 255, 250, 
 257 ; Manor House, 258 
 
 Hazard and Go's. Brewery, 100 
 Heathfield House, description of, 402 
 Heathfield, Lord, account of, 403 
 High House, built by Sir S. Fox, 452 
 Hogarth, William, Esq. account of, 
 430 448 
 
 Hogarth's House, situation of, 440 
 Holland, Charles, account of, 450 
 Horticultural Gardens, Situation and 
 Description of, 471, 478 
 
 Jones's, Inigo, Gateway in Chiswick 
 Gardens, 434 
 
 Kew Bridge, when built, 100 
 
 Kew Ferry, grant of, to Basil C.Nichol, 
 
 100 
 King, William, Dr. celebrated for the 
 
 elegance of his Compositions , his 
 
 residence near Ealing Church, 248 
 Kirby, J. J. Esq. Architect, account of, 
 
 bmied in Kew Church yard. 131 
 
 Louth erbourgh, Mr. De, his residence 
 and monument, 433, 450 t 
 
 Macartney, George, Earl of, Biogra- 
 phical account of his Lordship, 370 ; 
 His Monument, 335 
 
 Majesty Her, the Queen, rejoicings on 
 her arrival at Brentford, 152, 154 
 
 Mangey, Dr. Vicar of Ealing, account 
 of his Works, 181 
 
 Manors in Chiswick, Inquisition of, 
 280, 280; Prebendal Manor Sur- 
 veys and descent of, down to the 
 present Lessee, Charles Welstead, 
 Esq. 202 
 
 Marian Persecution, details of, 15 
 
 Market and Fairs, 80; Charter of 
 King Edward the First for those at 
 Brentford, with the original Charter 
 and Translation, 01 ; Futile attempt 
 to put down the Fairs, 03 ; Mar- 
 guarite of France, wife of Edward 
 the First procures the Charter for 
 the Market and Fairs, 00 
 
 Maw, Leonard, Bishop, account of, 400 
 
 Mawson Row, 451 
 
 Mawson, Bishop, account of, 452 
 
 Maynard, Serjeant, his residence at 
 Gunnersbury Park, his singularly 
 eventful life, 253 
 
 Mechanics Institution, account of, 135 
 
 Melmoth, William, Esq. his residence 
 at Ealing House, his elegant trans- 
 lations, 240 
 
 Middlesex, why so called, 2 
 
 Miller, Joe, not the author of the Jests 
 which go by his name, 488 
 
 Monuments and Inscriptions in the 
 Chinches and Church vards, 53, 100, 
 311, 340 
 
 Montgomrey's Timber Yard, 163 
 
 Mottley, Col. the author of Joe Mil- 
 ler's Jests, 488 
 
504 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Murphy, Arthur, Esq. his residence, 
 455 
 
 Nassau, Count of, decamps iuto Hol- 
 land in debt, 453 
 
 Neele, Mr. Henry, account of, 458 
 
 New Poor Law Union and Brentford 
 Union Workhouse. 137 
 
 New Church, 4GS 
 
 Noy, Sir William, his house in New 
 Brentford, 146 
 
 Onne, Robert. Esq. Biographical 
 account of. 234 ; Buried in the 
 Church of Ealing, 190 
 
 Owen,' Rev. Dr. John, his residence 
 at Ealing, Adhere he died in 1683 ; 
 Elected Member of Parliament in 
 1652, though a Divine, 249 
 
 Packhorse Inn, why so called, 464 
 Parliamentary Army at Turnham | 
 Green, in 1642 : Great Battle there I 
 between the Cavaliers and the 
 Roundheads, 281 
 Parochial Perambulations, 220 
 Pearee, Thomas, Esq. his residence 
 and death at Little Ealing ; Dr. 
 Pearee, Bishop of Rochester, seized 
 at his son's house with mortal 
 illness, 249 
 Petition of the people of Brentford, to 
 
 the Parliament, 22 
 Pitt's Hanger, Manor of, the resi- 
 dence of Thomas Edwards. Esq. 
 author of the " Canons of Criti- 
 cism," 264 
 
 Redman, Henry and Joan, their gifts to 
 
 Brentford Church, 45, 62, 72 
 River Thames and Fishery, 8 
 Rochester House, Little Ealing, 248 
 Roman Road through Turnham 
 Green. 277 ; Roman Coins dug up 
 here in 1731, 277 
 Rose, Dr. William, account of, 349, 368 
 
 Ross, Capt. account of his Second 
 
 Voyage to the North Pole, 165 
 Rotschild, Baroness, her residence at 
 
 Gunnersburv Park, 252 
 Roundheads and Cavaliers, why so 
 
 called. 25 
 Royal Visits to Chiswick House, 436, 
 
 437, 438 
 
 Sharp, Mr. William, account of, and of 
 Brothers the false Prophet, 455,458 
 
 h'oap Manufactory, carried on by 
 Messrs. Rowe, 164 
 
 Stafford House, situation of, 467 
 
 Stoddart, Rev. Dr. receives the thanks 
 of the Committee of Visiting Jus- 
 tices, 70, 71 
 
 Strand-on -the-Green, description of, 
 eminent Inhabitants; New Pier for 
 Steam Boats established here, 487 
 
 Sturgess, Rev. Dr. Vicar of Ealing; 
 Account of his Preferments and 
 Works, 182 
 
 Sutton. Village, antiquity of, 479 
 
 Sutton, Village of, description of, 482 
 
 Sutton Manor, descent of, 480 
 
 Swan Upping described, 9 
 
 The Thames at Kew Bridge almost dry 
 at low water, 490 
 
 Tooke, Home, Rev. his Clerical cha- 
 racter, 69 
 
 Tradesmens' Tokens, 162, 250, 383 
 
 Trimmer, Mrs. Biographical Memoir 
 of, 155, 162, 162, 250, 383 
 
 Turnham Green, description of, 461 
 
 Villages and Towns, origin of, 3 
 
 Whittingham, Mr. Charles, account 
 of his Paper Factory and Printing 
 Office, 459; His Parish Benefac- 
 tion, 460 
 
 Yew Tree, an ancient one, at Sutton 
 Court, 483 
 
 Zoffani, ,1. account of, 488 
 
 chelsea: 
 printed uy t. w1lsher, manor street. 
 
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