HB /3Z3 We Exhibits of The Prudential Insurance Company of America International Congress on Hygiene and Demography WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER, NINETEEN TWELVE Class. Book. Exhibits of The Prudential Insurance Company of America i^fi International Congress on Hygiene and Demography , )«^'^ , Ixi o/^^^^^itj/!^ WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER, NINETEEN TWELVE ^-AX THE main exhibit* includes the four original certificates of award re- ceived by The Prudential for scientific exhibits of insurance methods and re- sults, but chiefly with reference to the Company's mortality experience, as follows : GOLD MEDAL AT THE PARIS EXPO- SITION, 1900. GRAND PRIZE AT THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, 1904. GOLD MEDAL AT THE JAMESTOWN TERCENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, 1907. GOLD MEDAL AT THE INTER- NATIONAL CONGRESS ON TUBER- CULOSIS, WASHINGTON, D. C, 1908. For a more extended discussion of the mortality of occupied males, see an address on "Industrial Accidents and Trade Diseases in the United States," by Frederick L.Hoffman, LL.D., Statis- tician of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, deUvered before the Fifteenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography, and printed in the Proceedings of the Congress. ♦Section VI, Industrial and Occupational Hygiene. EXHIBITS OF THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON HYGIENE AND DEMOGRAPHY SEPTEMBER, 1912, WASHINGTON, D. C. OCCUPATION MORTALITY This exhibit is Hmited to the essentials of industrial hygiene as reflected in the mortality experience of an Industrial insurance company and the general mortality data of particular occupations as derived from official returns. It includes 24 large and 10 small charts, descriptive of the elements of occupational mortality, chiefly, however, as derived from the Industrial experience of The Prudential during the period 1907-1910. These charts are exhibited in Section VI of the Exhibition.* No. 1. Principal Occupations of Insured Males During this period of four years there were 103,434 deaths of occupied males in the Company's experience, and of this number 59,606, or 58%, were deaths of persons employed in manufacturing industries. The details, by industrial groups and for the principal occupations, are given in Table I of the Statistical Appendix. The facts are precisely illustrated in Chart 1 of the exhibit, according to which the largest number of deaths was of laborers, num- bering 19,486, or 18.8% of the mortality of occupied males. It has not been found feasible on this occasion to make a similar analysis of the mortality of women, since the proportion of employed females returning specific occupations suitable for analysis is relatively small. No. 2. Mortality of Occupied Males, by Principal Causes Chart 2 illustrates the mortality of occupied males, by principal causes and divisional periods of life. At ages 15 and over the principal cause of death was tuberculosis, ^Industrial and Occupational Hygiene. which accounted for 21.9% of the mortality from all causes. The proportionate mortality from tuberculosis varied con- siderably, however, for different periods of life, having been 35.5% at ages 15-24, 42.9% at ages 25-34, 34.6% at ages 35-44, 19.4% at ages 45-54, 9.S% at ages 55-64, and only 3.4% at ages 65 and over. The details for other diseases are given in full in Table II of the Statistical Appendix. In explanation of the term, "proportionate mortality," it requires to be said that for the purposes of industrial hygiene the number of deaths from preventable diseases, with a due regard to age, is, strictly speaking, the determin- ing element in the efforts which are being made throughout the nation to reduce the death rate by the elimination of causes or conditions which give rise to the mortality from preventable diseases. For the purposes of industrial hy- giene the proportionate mortality is, therefore, of much greater practical significance than death rates as calcu- lated on the basis of the numbers living at all ages or at selected periods of life. In view of the very large number of persons exposed to risk in the experience of an Industrial insurance company, it would involve a considerable amount of clerical labor and the expenditure of much money to as- certain the occupational death rate — that is, the mortality by occupation from all causes, or from specified causes, per 1,000 living, by divisional periods of life. Granting the utility of the present method for general insurance pur- poses, it is obvious that for the needs of industrial hygiene every scientific requirement is met by a precise statement of the proportionate mortality from specified causes in the mortality from all causes among men in selected occupa- tions, with a due regard to ages at death. The propor- tionate mortality admits of no controversy as regards its accuracy, since only one set of facts is dealt with, whereas in the calculation of occupational death rates the returns for the living population, by occupations, are usually ascertainable only by quite different methods than the occu- pation returns as given on the death certificates. In other words, for the purposes of industrial hygiene, the fact of real importance is the proportion of deaths from prevent- able diseases at different periods of life; and as conditioned by this point of view the present exhibit is practically limited to the use of the proportionate mortality method, except as otherwise stated, in the case of mortality returns for certain special occupations for which all the required information could be obtained. The proportionate method of mortality can be made use of by any boardof health with- 4 out any difficulty, and the method therefore lends itself to conclusive investigations as regards the incidence of pre- ventable diseases in the mortality of men and women em- ployed in all dangerous or unhealthful trades. In brief, the question of real importance in industrial hygiene is the waste of life from preventable causes, as is best illustrated in the proportionate mortality of 42.9% for tuberculosis among occupied males, ages 25-34. It is obvious that if modern methods aiming at the administrative control and gradual elimination of this disease are successful the death rate at this period of life, whatever it may now be, will be very substantially reduced by a material diminution in the mortality from this disease. No. 3. Mortality of Farmers and Clerks Chart 3a. This chart exhibits the details of the mor- tality of farmers, by principal causes and divisional periods of life. In the case of all specified occupations it has seemed best to make the age groups between 25 and 64 larger than in the mortality chart for all occupations, since otherwise the numbers in some cases would be too small and the analysis itself would certainly be much more complicated, with, no increase in practical utility. The number of deaths considered at ages 15 and over was 4,003, the largest number occurring at ages 65 and over, which in itself is fairly conclusive evidence of the superior longevity of this class. The principal cause of death at ages 25-44 was tuberculosis, or 33.1%, followed by accidents, with 11.3%, and pneumonia, with 9.0%. At ages 65 and over the principal causes of death were apoplexy and paralysis, which accounted for 18% of the mortality from all causes in this age group, followed by urinary diseases, with 16.0%, and heart diseases, with 15.4%. The details of the mor- tality of farmers are given in Table III-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 3b. This chart exhibits the mortality of clerks by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 3,443 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 45.9% of the mortality from all causes, followed by urinary diseases, with 8.8%, and pneu- monia, with 8.5%. The details of the mortahty of clerks are given in Table III-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 4. Mortality of Bartenders and Saloonkeepers Chart 4a. This chart exhibits the mortahty of bar- tenders by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,163 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 36.4% of the mortality from all causes, followed by urinary diseases with 10.1%. Of the total mortality of males in this occupation, 5.7% was due to liver diseases, which compares with a proportionate mortality of 2.9% from this cause among all occupied males. The details of the mortality of bartenders are given in Table IV-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 4b. This chart exhibits the mortality of saloon- keepers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 665 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. The principal cause of death in this occupation was tuber- culosis, which was responsible for 18.3% of the deaths from all causes, followed by urinary diseases, with 16.1%, and liver diseases, with 11.1%. As in the case of bartenders, the high mortality from urinary and liver diseases is an indication of the influence of the occupation upon the mor- tality. The details of the mortality of saloonkeepers are given in Table IV-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 5. Mortality of Coal Miners and Iron and Steel Workers Chart 5 a. This chart exhibits the mortality of coal miners by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,723 deaths among persons of this occupation. The principal cause of death was accidents, which was re- sponsible for 22.9% of the mortahty at all ages. At ages 15-24 accidents caused 58.1% of the mortality, and at ages 25-44, 38.3%. The details of the mortality of coal miners are given in Table V-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 5b. This chart exhibits the mortality of iron and steel workers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,298 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death was tuberculosis, which accounted for 29.9% of the mortality from all causes, followed by accidents, with 20.5%. The details of the mortality of iron and steel workers are given in Table V-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 6. Mortality of Railroad Brakemen and Electric Linemen Chart 6a. This chart exhibits the mortaUty of railroad brakemen by principal causes and divisional periods of life. As would be expected, accidents were responsible for the majority of the deaths in this occupation, accounting for 63.3% of the total mortality of 537 from all causes. The largest number of deaths occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death was accidents, which accounted for 58.7% of the mortality from all causes, followed by tuberculosis with 15.7%. The details of the mortality of railroad brakemen are given in Table VI-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 6b. This chart exhibits the mortality of electric linemen by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 205 deaths among persons of this occupation. As in the case of railroad brakemen, accidents were the princi- pal cause of death. The largest number of deaths occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group accidents were responsi- ble for 45.3% of the total mortality, followed by tubercu- losis, with 23.4%. The details of the mortality of electric linemen are given in Table VI-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 7. Mortality of Glass Workers and Stone Workers Chart 7a. This chart exhibits the mortality of glass workers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 465 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 48.1% of the mortahty from all causes. The details of the mortahty of glass workers are given in Table VII-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 7b. This chart exhibits the mortality of stone workers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 534 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. The principal cause of death among stone workers was tuberculosis, which at ages 25-44 accounted for 47.8%, and at ages 45-64, for 32.3%, of the mortality from all causes. The details of the mortality of stone workers are given in Table VII-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 8. Mortality of Carpenters and Masons Chart 8a. This chart exhibits the mortality of car- penters by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 4,756 deaths among persons of this occupation, 7 the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. The principal cause of death among carpenters was tuber- culosis, which accounted for 16.1% of the mortality from all causes, followed by urinary diseases with 13.4%, and heart diseases with 11.4%. The details of the mortality of carpenters are given in Table VIII-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 8b. This chart exhibits the mortality of masons by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,647 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. In this age group the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 15.7% of the mortality from all causes, followed by urinary diseases with 13.9%, and pneu- monia with 10.9%. The details of the mortality of masons are given in Table VIII-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 9. Mortality of Painters and Plumbers Chart 9a. This chart exhibits the mortality of painters by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 2,783 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. The principal cause of death in this occupation was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 34.7% of the deaths from all causes at ages 15-24, and 39.9% at ages 25-44. The specific influence of the occupation upon the mortality is shown by the deaths from lead-poisoning, which appear in all of the age groups under consideration, being responsible for 2% of the mortality at ages 15-24, 1.7% at ages 25-44, 1.5% at ages 45-64, and 0.7% at ages 65 and over. The details of the mortality of painters are given in Table IX-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 9b. This chart exhibits the mortality of plumb- ers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,133 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 42.1% of the mortality from all causes, followed by accidents, with 10.6%. The details of the mortality of plumbers are given in Table IX-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 10. Mortality of Printers and Machinists Chart 10a. This chart exhibits the mortality of printers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. 8 There were 1,001 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. Tuberculosis was by far the most important cause of death in this occupation, accounting for 49.8% of the mortality from all causes at ages 15-24, 49.5% at ages 25-44, and 21.9% at ages 45-64. The details of the mortality of printers are given in Table X-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 10b. This chart exhibits the mortality of machinists by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 2,632 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 25-44. In this age group the principal cause of death w^as tubercu- losis, which accounted for 40.8% of the mortality from all causes, followed by accidents with 10.5%, and urinary diseases with 7.5%. The details of the mortality of machin- ists are given in Table X-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 11. Mortality of Bakers and Cigarmakers Chart 11a. This chart exhibits the mortality of bakers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 729 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. The principal cause of death in this occupation was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 19.8% of the mortality from all causes, followed by urinary diseases with 13.9%. The details of the mortality of bakers are given in Table XI-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart lib. This chart exhibits the mortality of cigar- makers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 739 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. In this occupation the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 54.8% of the mortality from all causes at ages 15-24, 45.5% at ages 25-44, and 19.6% at ages 45-64. The details of the mortality of cigarmakers are given in Table XI-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 12. Mortality of Tailors and Textile Workers Chart 12a. This chart exhibits the mortality of tailors by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,160 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. In this occupation the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 58.0% of the total mortality at ages 15-24,48.6% at ages 25-44, and 11.2% at ages 45-64. The details of the mortality of tailors are given in Table XII-A of the Statistical Appendix. Chart 12b. This chart exhibits the mortality of textile workers by principal causes and divisional periods of life. There were 1,587 deaths among persons of this occupation, the largest number of deaths having occurred at ages 45-64. In this occupation the principal cause of death was tubercu- losis, which accounted for 40.8% of the total mortality at ages 15-24, 47.5% at ages 25-44, and 19.3% at ages 45-64. The details of the mortality of textile workers are given in Table XII-B of the Statistical Appendix. No. 13. Age Distribution of Deaths from Principal Causes — Males Chart 13. This chart exhibits the age distribution of deaths of males from principal causes in the Industrial experience of The Prudential, 1906-10. The chart visual- izes the relative frequency of deaths from principal causes, by divisional periods of life, and illustrates precisely the wide dissimilarity in the age incidence of the more impor- tant diseases. The causes dealt with in detail in this chart are valvular disease of the heart, diseases of the liver, apoplexy, pneumonia, tuberculosis, Bright's disease, cancer, typhoid fever, and accidents. These causes combined account for 64.1% of the mortality of males from all causes. The details of this chart are given in Table XIII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 14. Age Distribution of Deaths from Principal Causes — Females Chart 14. This chart exhibits the age distribution of deaths of females from principal causes in the Industrial experience of The Prudential, 1906-10. The chart visual- izes the relative frequency of deaths from principal causes, by divisional periods of life, and illustrates precisely the wide dissimilarity in the age incidence of the more impor- tant diseases. The causes dealt with in detail in this chart are apoplexy, diseases of the liver, accidents, Bright's disease, tuberculosis, pneumonia, cancer, diseases of par- turition, and valvular disease of the heart. These causes combined accounted for 61.3% of the mortality of females from all causes. The details of this chart are given in Table XIV of the Statistical Appendix. No. 15. Ten Principal Causes of Death, Ages 15-44. Chart 15. This chart exhibits the Prudential Ordinary mortality experience, by ten principal causes of death, 10 according to sex, at ages 15-44. It is shown that at this period of hfe among males the principal cause of death was tuberculosis, which accounted for 27.5% of the mortality from all causes, followed by accidents, with 14.6%, and pneumonia, with 9.7%. In the case of females the principal cause of death was tuberculosis, which accounted for 28.3% of the mortality from all causes at this period of life, followed by diseases of parturition, with 10.8%, and pneumonia, with 6.9%. The details of this analysis are given in Table XV of the Statistical Appendix. No. 16. Ten Principal Causes of Death, Ages 45 and Over Chart 16. This chart exhibits the Prudential Ordinary mortality experience, by ten principal causes of death, according to sex, at ages 45 and over. It is shown that at this period of life among males the principal cause of death was urinary diseases, ^hich accounted for 11.9% of the mortality from all causes, followed by apoplexy and paraly- sis, with 11.2%, and pneumonia, with 10.3%. Among females the principal cause of death at this age period was cancer, which accounted for 17.2% of the mortality from all causes, followed by apoplexy and paralysis, with 12.5%, and urinary diseases, also with 12.5%. The details of this analysis are given in Table XVI of the Statistical Appendix. No. 17. Industrial Mortality by Single Years of Life — All Causes Chart 17. This chart exhibits the Prudential Indus- trial mortality experience from all causes, by single years of life. The largest number of deaths of males in adult life occurred at age 65, or 1.76% of the mortality at all ages. For females, the year of maximum adult mortality was also at age 65, but the relative proportion of deaths was 1.86%. The details of this analysis, commencing with age 2 next birthday, are given in Table XVII of the Statistical Appen- dix, which shows also that the number of deaths considered was 72,579 males and 71,741 females. This analysis is limited to the mortality during the two years 1909 and 1910. No. 18. Industrial Mortality by Single Years of Life — Typhoid, Accidents, and Tuberculosis Chart 18. This chart exhibits the mortality, by single years of life, of males and females, from typhoid fever, accidents, and tuberculosis. The chart emphasizes the variation in the age incidence of particular diseases, II especially in the case of accidents and of tuberculosis of the lungs, the two causes most prominent in the mortality of males in adult life. The details of this chart are given in Table XVIII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 19. Industrial Mortality by Single Years of Life — Pneumonia, Bright's Disease and Heart Diseases Chart 19. This chart exhibits the mortality, by single years of life, from pneumonia, Bright's disease, and heart diseases. The chart emphasizes the importance of these diseases in the mortality at the older ages, and the fairly close correspondence of the curves for males and females in the case of these three diseases. The age of maximum mortality in adult life was practically the same for all three causes, and the slight variations are probably the result of small numbers. Charts 17, 18 and 19 precisely illustrate the mortality factors in adult life which require to be taken into account in scientific considerations of the relation of occupation to mortality. The details of Chart 19 are given in Table XIX of the Statistical Appendix. No. 20. Mortality of New England Textile Operatives Chart 20. This chart illustrates the mortality of New England textile operatives, 1897-1908. The data are de- rived from a special analysis of the death certificates of the principal New England cities representative of the textile industries. Among males, tuberculosis was the principal cause of death, accounting for 22.0% of the mortality from all causes, followed by heart diseases with 9.9%, pneumonia with 9.2%, urinary diseases with 9.1%, and accidents with 7.8%. For females the proportionate mortality from tuberculosis was 34.2%; from heart disease, 7.9%; from pneumonia, 1 .l^o\ and from other digestive diseases, 6.1%. The larger proportion of deaths from tuberculosis among females is primarily the result of the relatively large pro- portion of young women employed in the textile industries. The mortality, by divisional periods of life, brings out the fact of an excessive tuberculosis frequency in a more precise and conclusive manner. The details of this analysis are given in the table below. 12 Mortality from Tuberculosis MALES Ages Deaths from All Causes Deaths from Tuberculosis Per Cent, from Tuberculosis 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and over 879 1963 1784 921 304 650 189 22 34.6 33.1 10.6 2.4 FEMALES Ages Deaths from All Causes Deaths from Tuberculosis Per Cent, from Tuberculosis 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and over 1084 1205 528 126 487 430 48 7 45.0 35.7 9.1 5.6 The chart also shows the distribution by ages at death and by nativity. All of the details are given in Table XX of the Statistical Appendix. No. 21. Fatal Accidents in Coal Mining Chart 21. This chart is derived from the official statistics of State mine inspectors of the United States and Canada. The fatality rate in coal mining during the decade ending with 1910 is shown to have been highest in British Columbia, or 9.21 per 1,000 employed, followed by Colorado with 8.39, New Mexico with 6.71, and Alabama with 6.15. The lowest rates prevailed in Missouri (1.48 per 1,000), Iowa (2.09), Kentucky (2.19), and Maryland (2.28). The fatality rate in American coal mining has gradually increased from 2.32 per 1,000 in 1886 to a maxi- mum of 4.18 per 1,000 in 1910. The details of this chart are given in Table XXI of the Statistical Appendix. No. 22. Fatal Accidents in Metalliferous Mines Chart 22. This chart is derived from the official returns of State mine inspectors of metal-mining States, but for periods of variable lengths, since the data are not avail- able for some States for all of the years of the period 1894- 1911. The chart shows the variations in the fatality rate for the different States and the several years, indicating a considerable degree of fluctuation and a not very definite tendency towards a diminution in the liability of metal miners to fatal accidents. The causes of accidents are ^3 given on the chart in the horizontal bars for each State, and it is shown, for illustration, that in the metal mines of Idaho the principal cause of fatal accidents was falls of roof, which accounted for 32.6% of the fatalities from all causes, whereas in the iron mines of Dickinson County, Mich., the corresponding percentage was 38.1, and in the lead and zinc mines of Missouri, 40.0. The chart is self- explanatory and requires no extended discussion, but the details for each State, as far as available, are given in Table XXII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 23. Mortality of Copper Miners, Butte, Mont. Chart 23. This chart is derived from a special analysis of the mortality data of the city of Butte, Mont., for the period 1907-11. The proportionate mortality is shown by principal causes and by divisional periods of life, emphasiz- ing the predominating importance of accidents and tubercu- losis. At ages 15-24, of the deaths from all causes 41% were from accidents and 10.8% from tuberculosis; at ages 25-44, tuberculosis caused 28.5% of the deaths from all causes at this period of life, and accidents 23.2%; at ages 45-64 the proportionate mortality from tuberculosis was 35%, followed by pneumonia with 11.3%, heart disease with 8.8%, and accidents with 8.6%; at ages 65 and over the principal cause of death was respiratory diseases other than pneumonia, chiefly asthma and bronchitis, which accounted for 25% of the mortality from all causes, followed by pneumonia with 11.1%, heart disease with 11.1%, and tuberculosis with 9.7%. The chart visualizes the two principal causes destructive to life and health in copper mining — that is, (1) accidents and (2) tuberculosis — but in addition thereto respiratory diseases, particularly pneumonia, are responsible for a con- siderable proportion of the deaths, and the significant fact disclosed by the analysis is that the proportionate mortality from tuberculosis should increase from the younger to the older ages up to age 65, which is in marked contrast to the general experience. The chart warrants the conclusion that, aside from the dangerous character of copper mining, the occupation is subject to health-destructive conditions, chiefly on account of the considerable and continuous in- halation of mineral and metaUic dusts. The chart em- phasizes other important elements of mortaHty, including the age distribution at death and the distribution of deaths by nativity. The entire analysis includes 1,221 deaths of 14 copper miners, which may safely be regarded as sufficient for the present purpose. The details of this chart are given in Table XXIII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 24. Mortality of Metal Miners, Utah Chart 24. This chart has been derived from the official records of the State Board of Health of Utah. The mor- taHty includes metal miners generally, and the number of deaths is hardly sufficient for final conclusions. The mor- tality considered includes only 224 deaths, but the facts are quite instructive, especially with regard to the pro- portionate mortality from accidents. Accidents caused 60% of the deaths from all causes at ages 15-24, 43.1% at ages 25-44, and 13.3% at ages 45-64. The propor- tionate mortality from tuberculosis was less than in the case of Butte copper miners, having been 20.6% at ages 25-44 and 21.3% at ages 45-64. The comparatively small number of deaths precludes final conclusions, but the facts are sufficient to indicate that the mortality from accidents is quite excessive; the mortality from tuberculosis, how- ever, is apparently normal. The details of this analysis are given in Table XXIV of the Statistical Appendix. No. 25. Mortality of the Chicago Police Force Chart 25. This chart exhibits the mortality of the Chicago Police Force (uniformed men) for the period 1885-1910, by single years from accidents and homicides, and from all causes. The principal causes of death are shown for the ten-year period 1901-10. The fatality rate from accidents, including homicide, was 17.6 per 10,000 employed, followed by pneumonia with 15.5 per 10,000. The age distribution of deaths during the same period is also shown. The information upon which this chart is based has been derived from the official reports of the Chicago Police Department. The details of the mortality of Chicago policemen are given in Table XXV of the Statistical Appendix. No. 26. Mortality of Weavers Chart 26. This chart exhibits the mortality of weavers in New England textile mills, 1897-1908. The data are derived from a special analysis of the death certificates of the principal New England cities representative of the tex- tile industries. Among males, tuberculosis was the princi- 15 pal cause of death, accounting for 21.9% of the mortality from all causes, followed by accidents with 9.7% and urinary diseases with 9.4%. For females the proportionate mortality from tuberculosis was 24.4%, from pneumonia 9.1%, and from heart disease 8.2%. The chart also shows the mortality distribution by ages at death and by nativity. The details of the mortality of weavers are given in Table XXVI of the Statistical Appendix. No. 27. Mortality of the United States Army Chart 27. This chart exhibits the mortality of the United States Army, including both the Regular and the Volunteer force. The death rate for the mean strength is shown for the period 1886-1910 for injuries and for all causes. The maximum death rate was 27.99 per 1,000 in 1898, and the minimum 4.39 during 1910. The principal causes of death among the enlisted force and the mortality by location for the five years 1906-1910 are also shown. The data are derived from the official reports of the Surgeon- General of the United States Army. The details of the mortality of the United States Army are given in Table XXVII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 28. Mortality of the United States Navy Chart 28. This chart exhibits the mortality of the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The mortality of the Navy is shown for the period 1885-1910, by single years. The maximum death rates were 18.09 per 1,000 in 1889 and 18.05 in 1898, due to the loss of vessels in those years. The minimum rate was 5.00 in 1909. The principal causes of death are shown for the years 1909 and 1910. The data are derived from the official reports of the Surgeon-General of the United States Navy. The details of the mortality of the United States Navy are given in Table XXVIII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 29. Mortality of the New York City Fire Department Chart 29. This chart exhibits the mortality of the New York City Fire Department. The variation in the mortality rate is shown for the period 1900-1911, and the rate per 1,000 employed is given for deaths from accidents and from all causes. The mortality rates of the various grades of rank in the service is shown for the ten-year period 1902-1911. The fatal accident rate of the chiefs (of battalion, etc.) was 8.4 per 1,000 employed, while that of firemen was 2.4 per 1,000. The mortality by principal i6 causes is also shown. The data are derived from the official records of the New York City Fire Department. The details of the mortality of the New York City Fire Depart- ment are given in Table XXIX of the Statistical Appendix. No. 30. Fatal Accidents in the U. S. Life-Saving Service Chart 30. This chart exhibits the mortality from accidents in the United States Life-Saving Service for the period 1880-1910. The age distribution of station keepers and of surfmen, January 1, 1910, is also shown. The average age of keepers was 51 years and of surfmen 38 years. The data are derived from the official records of the United States Life-Saving Service. The details of the mortality from accidents of the members of the United States Life-Saving Service are given in Table XXX of the Statistical Appendix. No. 31. Fatal Accidents to Railway Employees Chart 31. This chart exhibits the fatal accident lia- bility of railway employees during the period 1890-1909. The data upon which this chart is based are derived from the official reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The fatal accident rate of railway trainmen and of other railway employees is shown for the period 1890-1909. For the period 1901-09 the fatal accident rate is given for specific occupational groups, and the principal causes of accidents to trainmen are given for the same period. The details of the fatal accident liability of Railway Employees are given in Table XXXI of the Statistical Appendix. No. 32. Accidents in the Railway Mail Service Chart 32. This chart exhibits the accidents in the Railway Mail Service of the United States, 1878-1911, and shows the fatal accident rate and the numbers and rates per 1,000 employed of those seriously injured. The data upon which this table is based are derived from the reports of the Postmaster-General. The details of accidents in the U. S. Railway Mail Service are given in Table XXXII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 33. Fatal Accidents in Anthracite Coal Mining Chart 33. This chart exhibits the fatal accidents in the Anthracite Coal Mines of Pennsylvania for the period 1886- 1910. The data upon which this chart is based are derived from the reports of the Coal Mine Inspectors of Pennsyl- 17 vanla. The maximum fatal accident rate was 4.20 per 1,000 employed in 1907. The principal causes of accidents in and about the mines in the Northern and the Middle and Southern Anthracite Coal Fields are also shown. The details of the fatal accidents in the Anthracite Coal Mines of Penn- sylvania are given in Table XXXIII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 34. Fatal Accidents in Bituminous Coal Mining Chart 34. This chart exhibits the fatal accidents in the Bituminous Coal Mines of Pennsylvania for the period 1886-1910. The data upon which this chart is based were derived from the reports of the Coal Mine Inspectors of Pennsylvania. The principal causes of accidents in and about the mines are also shown, the most important cause of fatal accidents having been falls of roof, which caused a death rate of 1.94 per 1,000 employed. The details of the fatal accidents in the Bituminous Coal Mines of Pennsylvania are given in Table XXXIV of the Statistical Appendix. No. 35. MORTALITY OF PRINCIPAL AMERICAN CITIES Chart 35. This chart exhibits the mortality in the principal American cities for the period 1870-1911, giving the death rate per 1,000 of population from all causes in all of the cities combined, for the northern and western cities combined, and for the southern cities with distinction of color. This chart is exhibited in Group I of the Exhibition.* The details of the mortality shown in this chart are given in Table XXXV of the Statistical Appendix. •vital Statistics and Dcmogtaphy. i8 ANTHROPOMETRY AND MORTALITY Charts 36 to 41 exhibit the relation of anthropometry to mortahty as shown by the mortaHty experience in the Ordinary branch of The Prudential for the twenty-six years 1886-1911. These charts are exhibited in Group IV of the Exhibition.* No. 36. Weight and Age Chart 36. This chart exhibits the percentage distribu- tion of decedents by weight at time insured in three specified age groups, 15-24, 25-44, and 45-64, with distinction of sex. Of the male deaths ages 25-44 years, 38.5% were between 140 lbs. and 159 lbs. in weight when insured. The details of the percentage distribution of decedents by weight are given in Table XXXVI of the Statistical Appendix. No 37. Height, Weight and Relative Weight Chart 37. This chart exhibits the percentage distribu- tion of decedents by height, weight, and relative weight. By relative weight is meant the number of pounds for each inch of height. The average relative weight of males was found to be 2.3 lbs. and that of females 2.1 lbs. The details of the percentage distribution of decedents by height, weight and relative weight are given in Table XXXVII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 38. Weight and Disease Charts 38, 39 and 40 exhibit the influence of weight upon certain important diseases. Chart 38. This chart gives the average weight at entry of decedents from tubercular and non-tubercular diseases and from nervous and non-nervous diseases. The informa- tion is given with distinction of sex and age. For illustra- tion, at ages 25-44, the average weight at entry of male decedents from tubercular diseases was 149 lbs., while the average for decedents from non-tubercular diseases was 159 lbs. The detailed statistics of this chart are given in Table XXXVIII of the Statistical Appendix. No. 39. Weight and Disease Chart 39. This chart exhibits the influence of weight upon circulatory and genito-urinary diseases. The informa- tion is given with distinction of sex and age. For illustra- tion, at ages 25-44, the average weight at entry of male decedents from circulatory diseases was 162 lbs., while the *The Physiology of Exercise. average weight for decedents from non-circulatory diseases was only 157 lbs. The details of this chart are given in Table XXXIX of the Statistical Appendix. No. 40. Weight and Disease Chart 40. This chart exhibits the average weight at entry of decedents from the principal causes of death with distinction of sex. The average weight at entry of males dying from diabetes was 166 lbs., as contrasted with an average weight at entry of those dying from tuberculosis of only 147 lbs., and an average weight at entry of decedents from all causes of 157 lbs. The details of this chart are given in Table XL of the Statistical Appendix. No. 41. Relative Weight and Cause of Death Chart 41. This chart exhibits the percentage distribu- tion of the decedents from the principal causes of death within five specific weight groups. For illustration, 36.3% of the deaths of males of very light weight were due to tuberculosis, while of those of very heavy weight only 2.4% died from this cause. The details of this chart are given in Table XLI of the Statistical Appendix. 20 TROPICAL MORTALITY Charts 42 to 45 exhibit the mortahty statistics of the tropical possessions of the United States, and are derived from the official health records. These charts are exhibited in Group XI of the Exhibition.* No. 42. Mortality of Porto Rico Chart 42. This chart exhibits the mortality statistics of the island of Porto Rico. The annual death rate of the island is shown for the years 1900-1911. During this period the death rate decreased from 47.1 per 1,000 in 1900 to a minimum of 20.1 in 1909. The unusually high death rates in 1900 and 1901 were largely due to the terrific West Indian hurricane which devastated the island in the fall of 1899. The distribution of mortality by principal causes and by age groups is shown for the island of Porto Rico and for the city of San Juan for the years 1910 and 1911. Diarrhoea and enteritis were responsible for the largest number of deaths, accounting for 20.4% of the mortality from all causes in the city of San Juan and 15.5% in the island as a whole. The details of this chart are given in Table XLII of the Statistical Appendix, No. 43. Mortality of the Territory of Hawaii Chart 43. This chart exhibits the mortality statistics of the Hawaiian Islands. The annual death rate for the city of Honolulu is shown for the years 1902-1911 and for the Territory of Hawaii, exclusive of Honolulu, for the years 1906-1911. In the island of Hawaii, exclusive of Honolulu, the death rate during 1911 was 14.4 per 1,000. This low death rate is due in a great measure to the large proportion of adult population. The percentage distribution of ^ the mortality from principal causes, and by age groups, is given for the city of Honolulu for the years 1902-1911 and for the Territory of Hawaii, exclusive of Honolulu, for the years 1904-1911. In the city of Honolulu tuberculosis was the most important cause of death, accounting for 15.7% of the mortality from all causes, followed by nervous diseases with 12.4%. In the territory of Hawaii, exclusive of Honolulu, the most important cause of death was nervous diseases, which accounted for 11.8%, followed by tuberculosis with 9.9%. The details of this chart are given in Table XLIII of the Statistical Appendix. •Military, Naval and Tropical Hygiene. 21 No. 44. Mortality of the Philippine Islands Chart 44. This chart exhibits the mortahty statistics of the Phihppine Islands. The annual death rate of the city of Manila is shown by quarters for the years 1901-1911. The year 1902 reflects the outbreak of the cholera epidemic during the second quarter, with a death rate of 79.6 per 1,000, and attaining to 91.4 per 1,000 in the following quarter. The rates for the third quarter of both 1906 and 1908 also show the effects of minor epidemics occurring during those periods. The percentage distribution of the mortality from princi- pal causes and by age groups for the city of Manila for the years 1903-1911, and for some thirty-three provinces for the years 1908-1910, is also shown. In the city of Manila the most important cause of death was convulsions of children, accounting for 19.9% of the mortality from all causes, followed by tuberculosis with 12.5%. In the provinces the most important cause of death was malaria, which ac- counted for 14.3%, followed by convulsions of children with 13.4%. In the city of Manila 44.8% of the mortality was of children under the age of one year; this infant mortality is the highest of any of the tropical countries under consideration. The detailed statistics upon which this chart is based are given in Table XLIV of the Statistical Appendix. No. 45. Mortality of the Panama Canal Zone Chart 45. This chart exhibits the mortality statistics of the Panama Canal Zone. The annual death rate among the employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission on the canal and railroad is given for the years 1905-1911, with distinction of white employees and other employees. The annual death rate from all causes is also shown for the cities of Panama and Colon, and for the Canal Zone exclusive of these cities, for the years 1907-1911. The percentage dis- tribution of the mortality from principal causes and by age groups is also shown. For the total population the principal cause of death was malaria, which accounted for 13.8% of the mortality from all causes, followed by pneumonia with 12.7%. For the white employees external causes accounted for 40.7% of the mortality, followed by malaria with 20.6%. For the colored employees the principal cause of death was pneumonia, which accounted for 23.3% of the mortality from all causes, followed by external causes with 21.6%. The de- tailed statistics of this chart are given in Table XLV of the Statistical Appendix. 22 STATISTICAL APPENDIX TABLE I PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS OF INSURED MALES, 1907-1910 INDUSTRIAL MORTALITY Occupation Laborers Teamsters Carpenters Farmers Clerks Painters Machinists Coal Miners Masons Watchmen Shoemakers Blacksmiths Engineers Salesmen Bartenders Tailors Butchers and Meat Dealers. Plumbers Printers Molders Number of Deaths 19,486 5,634 4,756 4,003 3,443 2,783 2,632 1,723 1,647 1,639 1,558 1,526 1,431 1,361 1,163 1,160 1,140 1,133 1,001 920 Number per 1,000 Males in All Occu- pations 188 54 46 39 33 27 25 17 16 16 15 15 14 13 11 11 11 11 10 9 Occupation Number of Deaths Barbers Switchmen Cigarmakers .... Bookkeepers .... Bakers Janitors Gardeners Grocers Saloonkeepers . . . Foremen Hostlers ...... Firemen Brakemen Tinsmiths Peddlers Coopers All Other Occupations Total. . . 837 753 739 737 729 726 697 695 665 660 656 640 537 531 530 508 32,655 103,434 Number per 1,000 Males in All Occu- pations 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 318 1,000 TABLE I— Concluded Industrial Groups Manufacturing Industries. . . Wholesale and Retail Trade. . Transportation Domestic and Personal Service Agriculture Public Employ Mining Professional Service Ill Defined . . Total 23 TABLE II MORTALITY OF OCCUPIED MAIyES, BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES, 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over No. Per Cent. Ages 15-24 No. Per Cent. Ages 25-34 No. Per Cent. Typhoid Alcoholism Cancer Tuberculosis Old Age Apoplexy and Paralysis . Other Nervous Diseases . Heart Diseases Pneumonia Other Respiratory Diseases Liver Diseases Other Digestive Diseases . Urinary Diseases .... Accidents Suicide Lead Poisoning ..... All Other Causes .... All Causes .... 1,857 1,522 4,413 22,667 953 8,057 2,792 9,557 9,215 3,477 3,036 4,273 12,387 9,607 2,271 57 7,293 103,434 1.8 1.5 4.3 21.9 .9 7.8 2.7 9.2 8.9 3.4 2.9 4.1 12.0 9.3 2.2 .1 7.1 733 16 52 3,818 103 359 490 734 148 49 636 401 2,198 301 4 714 100.0 10,756 6.8 .1 .5 35.5 1.0 3.3 4.6 6.8 1.4 .5 5.9 3.7 20.4 2.8 6.6 100.0 517 313 117 6,631 300 397 752 1,141 241 240 523 1,092 1,971 438 9 769 15,451 3.3 2.0 .8 42.9 1.9 2.6 4.9 7.5 1.6 1.6 3.4 7.1 12.8 2.8 .1 5.0 100.0 TABLE II Concluded Cause of Death Ages 35-44 Ages 45-54 Ages 55-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 288 1.7 201 1.1 85 0.4 33 0.2 Alcoholism 527 3.0 410 2.3 202 1.0 54 .3 Cancer 380 6,028 2.2 34.6 959 3,491 5.3 19.4 1,562 1,981 7.5 9.5 1,343 718 6.4 Tuberculosis 3.4 Old Age 10 .1 97 .5 846 4.0 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 658 3.8 1,210 6.7 2,440 11.7 3,346 15.9 Other Nervous Diseases . . 542 3.1 573 3.2 481 2.3 440 2.1 Heart Diseases 1,102 6.3 1,686 9.4 2,502 12.0 3,025 14.4 Pneumonia 1,597 9.2 1,792 10.0 2,038 9.8 1,913 9.1 Other Respiratory Diseases. 392 2.3 562 3.1 969 4.7 1,165 5.5 Liver Diseases 568 3.3 851 4.7 839 4.0 489 2.3 Other Digestive Diseases. . 534 3.1 662 3.7 921 4.4 997 4.7 Urinary Diseases 1,663 9.6 2,378 13.2 3,294 15.8 3,559 16.9 Accidents 1,706 9.8 1,575 8.8 1,296 6.2 861 4.1 Suicide 442 16 2.5 .1 478 13 2.7 .1 423 10 2^ 189 5 .9 Lead Poisoning All Other Causes 972 5.6 1,181 6.6 1,696 8.1 2,024 9.6 All Causes 17,415 100.0 17,969 100.0 20,836 100.0 21,007 100.0 24 TABLE III-A MORTALITY OF FARMERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over Cause of Death No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per. Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 53 1.3 22 8.3 10 2.6 16 1.2 5 0.3 Alcoholism 11 .3 — 2 .5 9 .7 — Cancer . 243 410 6.1 10.2 1 73 .4 27.7 13 129 3.3 33.1 112 131 8.3 9.7 117 11 5.9 Tuberculosis 3.8 Old Age 116 583 2.9 14.6 5 1.9 22 5.6 6 197 .4 14.6 110 359 5.5 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 18.0 Other Nervous Diseases . . 99 2.5 16 6.1 11 2.8 33 2.4 39 2.0 Heart Diseases 508 12.7 14 5.3 31 7.9 155 11.5 308 15.4 Pneumonia 331 8.3 22 8.3 35 9.0 108 8.0 166 8.3 Other Respiratory Diseases. 144 3.6 4 1.5 10 2.6 38 2.8 92 4.6 Liver Diseases 85 2.1 — — 9 2.3 34 2.5 42 2.1 Other Digestive Diseases. . 196 4.9 17 6.4 14 3.6 78 5.8 87 4.4 Urinary Diseases 517 12.9 7 2.7 24 6.2 166 12.3 320 16.0 Accidents 234 5.8 42 15.9 44 11.3 85 6.3 63 3.2 Suicide . 65 408 1.6 10.2 12 29 4.5 11.0 10 26 2.6 6.7 34 147 2.5 10.9 9 206 .5 All Other Causes 10.3 All Causes 4003 100.0 264 100.0 390 100.0 1349 100.0 2000 100.0 TABLE III-B MORTALITY OF CLERKS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over Cause of Death No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 102 3.0 63 5.5 33 2.3 6 0.9 Alcoholism 11 .8 — — 18 1.3 9 1.3 Cancer 71 1263 2.1 36.7 7 507 .6 44.6 17 651 1.2 45.9 36 99 5.3 14.7 11 6 5.2 Tuberculosis 2.8 Old Age 7 .2 — — — — 1 .2 6 2.8 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 157 4.6 10 .9 30 2.1 78 11.6 39 18.5 Other Nervous Diseases . '. 119 3.5 35 3.1 55 3.8 25 3.7 4 1.9 Heart Diseases 271 7.9 75 6.6 92 6.5 79 11.7 25 11.8 Pneumonia 278 8.1 75 6.6 120 8.5 62 9.2 21 10.0 Other Respiratory Diseases. 74 2.2 16 1.4 35 2.5 17 2.5 6 2.8 Liver Diseases 75 2.2 10 .9 35 2.5 29 4.3 1 .5 Other Digestive Diseases. . 149 4.3 76 '6.7 36 2.6 24 3.6 13 6.2 Urinary Diseases 329 9.6 38 3.3 125 8.8 124 18.4 42 19.9 Accidents 230 6.7 112 9.8 78 5.5 28 4.1 12 5.7 Suicide 67 1.9 24 2.1 31 2.2 10 1.5 2 .9 All Other Causes 224 6.5 90 7.9 63 4.4 48 7.1 23 10.8 All Causes 3443 100.0 1138 100.0 1419 100.0 675 100.0 211 100.0 25 TABLE IV-A MORTALITY OF BARTENDERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 24 2.1 3 6.8 19 2.3 2 0.8 Alcoholism 78 6.7 1 2.3 65 1.1 12 4.6 Cancer 27 364 2.3 31.3 15 34.1 8 307 .9 36.4 17 42 6.6 16.2 2 12 5 Tuberculosis Old Age 1 S3 .1 4.6 — — 32 3.8 1 19 .4 7.3 2 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 12.5 Other Nervous Diseases . . 30 2.6 — — 21 2.5 7 2.7 2 12.5 Heart Diseases 71 6.1 1 2.3 51 6.0 15 5.8 4 25.0 Pneumonia 106 9.1 2 4.5 76 9.0 25 9.7 3 18.8 Other Respiratory Diseases. 24 2.1 ■ — — 18 2.1 6 2.3 — — Liver Diseases 66 5.7 2 4.5 42 5.0 22 8.5 — — Other Digestive Diseases. . 44 3.8 2 4.5 32 3.8 9 3.5 1 6.3 Urinary Diseases 135 11.6 5 11.4 85 10.1 44 17.0 1 6.3 Accidents 41 3.5 4 9.1 28 3.3 8 3.1 1 6.3 Suicide 31 68 2.7 5.8 3 6 6.8 13.6 19 41 2.3 4.9 9 21 3.5 8.1 — All Other Causes — All Causes 1163 100.0 44 100.0 844 100.0 259 100.0 16 100.0 TABLE IV-B MORTALITY OE SALOONKEEPERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 6 0.9 5 1.5 1 0.3 Alcoholism 29 4.4 20 6.2 9 2.9 Cancer 32 122 4.8 18.3 4 91 1.2 28.2 25 30 8.1 9.8 3 1 8.8 Tuberculosis 2.9 Old Age Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 38 5.7 14 4.3 21 6.8 3 8.8 Other Nervous Diseases . . 15 2.3 6 1.9 9 2.9 — — Heart Diseases 45 6.8 17 5.3 23 7.5 5 14.7 Pneumonia 43 6.5 26 8.0 14 4.6 3 8.8 Other Respiratory Diseases. 19 2.9 7 2.2 11 3.6 1 2.9 Liver Diseases 74 11.1 1 100.0 31 9.6 37 12.1 5 14.7 Other Digestive Diseases. . 33 5.0 — 17 5.3 13 4.2 3 8.8 Urinary Diseases 107 16.1 — 38 11.8 63 20.5 6 17.6 Accidents 15 2.3 — 9 2.8 6 2.0 — — Suicide 28 59 4.2 9.0 = 11 27 3.4 8.4 15 30 4.9 9.8 2 2 5 9 All Other Causes 5.9 All Causes 665 100.0 1 100.0 323 100.0 307 100.0 34 100.0 26 TABLE V-A MORTALITY OF COAL MINERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over Cause of Death No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 34 2.0 10 6.5 17 4.5 7 0.8 Alcoholism 10 .6 — — 3 .8 6 .7 1 0.3 Cancer 46 191 2.7 11.1 8 5.2 2 57 .5 15.2 35 107 4.0 12.2 9 19 2.8 Tuberculosis 6.0 Old Age 4 105 .2 6.1 1 .6 7 1.9 1 60 .1 6.9 3 37 .9 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 11.6 Other Nervous Diseases . . 28 1.6 5 3.2 7 1.9 13 1.5 3 .9 Heart Diseases 117 6.8 — — 17 4.5 65 7.4 35 11.0 Pneumonia 196 11.4 13 8.4 37 9.8 115 13.2 31 9.7 Other Respiratory Diseases. 161 9.3 1 .6 13 3.5 96 11.0 51 16.0 Liver Diseases 43 2.5 — — 8 2.1 32 ■6:/ 3 .9 Other Digestive Diseases. . 67 3.9 4 2.6 14 3.7 23 2.6 26 8.2 Urinary Diseases 137 8.0 5 3.2 16 4.3 80 9.2 36 11.3 Accidents 394 22.9 90 58.1 144 38.3 143 16.4 17 5.3 Suicide 16 174 .9 10.1 2 16 1.3 10.3 6 28 1.6 7.4 7 84 .8 9.6 1 46 .3 All Other Causes 14.5 All Causes 1723 100.0 155 100.0 376 100.0 874 100.0 318 100.0 TABLE V-B MORTALITY OE IRON AND STEEL WORKERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over Cause of Death No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 28 2.2 14 9.3 13 2.5 1 0.2 Alcoholism 13 1.0 — — 5 1.0 7 1.6 1 0.5 60 252 4.6 19.4 1 43 .7 28.7 18 155 3.5 29.9 31 48 7.0 10.8 10 6 5.4 Tuberculosis 3.2 Old Age 11 92 .8 7.1 2 1.3 21 4.1 1 35 .2 7.9 10 34 5.4 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 18.4 Other Nervous Diseases . . 37 2.9 2 1.3 13 2.5 20 4.5 2 1.1 Heart Diseases 114 8.8 10 6.7 26 5.0 53 11.9 25 13.5 Pneumonia 126 9.7 13 8.7 42 8.1 57 12.8 14 7.6 Other Respiratory Diseases. 36 2.8 — — 9 1.7 13 2.9 14 7.6 Liver Diseases 30 2.3 — — 11 2.1 14 3.1 5 2.7 Other Digestive Diseases. . 60 4.6 10 6.7 15 2.9 25 5.6 10 5.4 Urinary Diseases 129 9.9 4 2.7 41 7.9 56 12.6 28 15.1 Accidents 198 15.3 40 26.7 106 20.5 42 9.4 10 5.4 24 88 1.8 6.8 2 9 1.3 6.0 15 28 2.9 5.4 7 35 1.6 7.9 16 — All Other Causes 8.6 All Causes 1298 100.0 150 100.0 518 100.0 445 100.0 185 100.0 27 TABLE VI-A MORTALITY OF RAIIyROAD BRAKEMEN BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 12 2.2 7 3.5 5 1.8 Alcoholism 4 .7 — 4 1.4 Cancer 5 64 .9 11.9 16 7.9 3 44 1.1 15.7 1 3 2.0 6.1 1 1 ?0 Tuberculosis 20.0 Old Age 8 11 1.5 2.0 1 3 .5 1.5 3 7 1.1 2.5 4 1 8.2 2.0 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . Other Nervous Diseases . . — Heart Diseases 14 2.6 1 .5 8 2.8 3 6.1 2 40.0 Pneumonia 17 3.2 4 2.0 8 2.8 4 8.2 1 20.0 Other Respiratory Diseases. Liver Diseases 3 4 .6 .7 1 1 .5 .5 1 2 .4 .7 1 1 2.0 2.0 — — Other Digestive Diseases. . 16 3.0 2 1.0 12 4.3 2 4.1 — — Urinary Diseases Accidents 12 340 2.2 63.3 2 156 1.0 77.2 8 165 2.8 58.7 2 19 4.1 38.8 — — Suicide 6 21 1.1 3.9 3 5 1.5 2.5 2 9 .7 3.2 1 7 2.0 14.3 — All Other Causes — .All Causes 537 100.0 202 100.0 281 100.0 49 100.0 5 100.0 TABLE VI-B MORTALITY OF ELECTRIC LINEMEN BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over Cause of Death No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 6 2.9 2 4.2 3 2.3 1 3.7 Alcoholism 2 1.0 1 .8 1 3.7 Cancer 4 38 2.0 18.5 5 10.4 2 30 1.6 23.4 2 3 7.4 11.1 Tuberculosis Old Age Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 4 2.0 — — 3 2.3 1 3.7 Other Nervous Diseases . 3 1.5 — — 1 .8 2 7.4 Heart Diseases 13 6.3 — — 11 8.6 1 3.7 1 50.0 Pneumonia 7 3.4 3 6.2 2 1.6 2 7.4 — Other Respiratory Diseases. 6 2.9 2 4.2 3 2.3 1 3.7 — Liver Diseases 1 .5 — — 1 .8 — — — Other Digestive Diseases. . 8 3.9 1 2.1 7 5.5 — — — Urinary Diseases 7 3.4 1 2.1 3 2.3 3 11.1 — Accidents 99 48.3 32 66.7 58 45.3 8 29.6 1 50.0 Suicide 1 6 .5 2.9 2 4.2 1 2 .8 1.6 2 7.4 — All Other Causes . . . ; . — All Causes 205 100.0 48 100.0 128 100.0 27 100.0 2 100.0 28 TABLE VII-A MORTALITY OF GLASS WORKERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 18 3.9 10 9.2 6 3.3 2 1.7 Alcoholism 9 1.9 — — 3 1.7 6 5.1 Cancer 13 157 2.8 33.8 45 41.3 4 87 2.2 48.1 7 22 5.9 18.6 2 3 3.6 Tuberculosis 5.4 Old Age ?, 4 9 36 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 22 4.7 1 .9 4 2.2 7 5.9 10 17.9 Other Nervous Diseases . . 19 4.1 4 3.7 10 5.5 5 4.2 — — Heart Diseases 26 5.6 2 1.8 6 3.3 12 10.2 6 10.7 Pneumonia 34 7.3 8 7.3 8 4.4 11 9.3 7 12.5 Other Respiratory Diseases. 10 2.2 1 .9 2 1.1 3 2.5 4 7.1 Liver Diseases 15 3.2 — — 6 3.3 7 5.9 2 3.6 Other Digestive Diseases. . 18 3.9 9 8.3 3 1.7 3 2.5 3 5.4 Urinary Diseases 45 9.7 3 2.8 13 7.2 19 16.1 10 17.9 Accidents 33 7.1 15 13.8 11 6.1 6 5.1 1 1.8 13 1 2.8 .2 3 2.8 8 4.4 1 .8 2 3.6 Lead Poisoning All Other Causes 30 6.5 8 7.3 10 5.5 7 5.9 4 7.1 All Causes *465 100.0 109 100.0 181 100.0 118 100.0 56 100.0 •Including one death, age unknown. TABLE VII-B MORTALITY OF STONE WORKERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 5 0.9 1 6.7 4 2.5 r Alcoholism 4 .7 — 2 1.3 2 0.7 Cancer 26 180 4.9 33.7 5 33.3 3 75 1.9 47.8 18 87 6.7 32.3 5 13 5.4 Tuberculosis 14.0 Old Age 6 1 1 ?, .7 4 4.3 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 33 6.2 — — 7 4.5 14 5.2 12 12.9 Other Nervous Diseases . . 10 1.9 — — 1 .6 7 2.6 2 2.2 Heart Diseases 50 9.4 1 6.7 7 4.5 26 9.7 16 17.2 Pneumonia 35 6.6 — — 10 6.4 21 7.8 4 4.3 Other Respiratory Diseases. 37 6.9 1 (^.1 6 3.8 22 8.2 8 8.6 Liver Diseases 14 2.6 — — 4 2.5 9 3.3 1 1.1 Other Digestive Diseases. . 14 2.6 1 6.7 3 1.9 5 1.9 5 5.4 Urinary Diseases 56 10.5 1 6.7 13 8.3 29 10.8 13 14.0 Accidents 25 4.7 3 20.0 10 6.4 11 4.1 1 1.1 Suicide 10 29 1.9 5.4 1 1 6.7 6.7 5 7 3.2 4.5 4 12 1.5 4.5 9 All Other Causes 9.7 All Causes 534 100.0 15 100.0 157 100.0 269 100.0 93 100.0 29 TABLE VIII-A MORTALITY OF CARPENTERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over No. Per Cent. Ages 15-24 No. Per Cent. Ages 25-44 Per Cent. Ages 45-64 No. Per Cent. Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. Typhoid Alcoholism Cancer . Tuberculosis Old Age Apoplexy and Paralysis . . Other Nervous Diseases . . Heart Diseases Pneumonia Other Respiratory Diseases. Liver Diseases Other Digestive Diseases. . Urinary Diseases Accidents Suicide All Other Causes 46 53 271 764 65 517 129 544 372 157 120 203 636 369 129 381 1.0 1.1 5.7 16.1 1.4 10.9 2.7 11.4 7.8 3.3 2.5 4.3 13.4 7.8 2.7 8.0 11 1 57 14 3 1 12 4 32 7 7 6.5 .6 33.7 1.8 4.7 5.3 8.3 1.8 .6 7.1 2.4 18.9 4.1 4.1 17 27 15 335 19 22 41 69 17 21 28 62 105 36 48 2. 3. 1. 38. 2. 2. 4. 8. 2, 2. 3, 7, 12, 4 5, 16 22 156 309 2 200 61 215 156 61 59 83 272 169 65 148 0.8 1.1 7.8 15.5 .1 10.0 3.1 10.8 7.8 3.1 3.0 4.2 13.6 8.5 3.3 7.4 2 4 99 63 63 295 38 279 133 76 39 80 298 63 21 177 0.1 .2 5.7 3.6 3.6 17.1 2.2 16.1 7.7 4.4 2.3 4.6 17.2 3.6 1.2 10.2 All Causes 4756 100.0 169 100.0 862 100.0 1994 100.0 1730 100.0 *Inclufiing one death, age unknown. TABLE VIII-B MORTALITY OF MASONS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Typhoid Alcoholism Cancer Tuberculosis Old Age Apoplexy and Paralysis . . Other Nervous Diseases . . Heart Diseases Pneumonia Other Respiratory Diseases. Liver Diseases Other Digestive Diseases. . Urinary Diseases Accidents Suicide All Other Causes All Causes Ages 15 and over No. 19 31 92 292 15 130 37 166 161 59 53 63 214 149 39 127 Per Cent. 1.2 1.9 5.6 17.7 .9 7.9 2.2 10.1 9.8 3.6 3.2 3.8 13.0 9.0 2.4 1.1 1647 100.0 Ages 15-24 No. 19 2 5 7 1 2 3 12 3 3 61 Per Cent. 6.6 31.1 3.3 8.2 11.5 1.6 3.3 4.9 19.7 4.9 4.9 100.0 Ages 25-44 No. 7 13 4 142 9 10 22 30 3 9 12 27 39 10 22 Per Cent. 1.9 3.6 1.1 39.6 2.5 2.8 6.1 8.4 .8 2.5 3.3 7.5 10.9 2.8 6.1 359 100.0 Ages 45-64 No. 15 64 119 1 50 15 67 83 25 32 28 106 73 22 52 Per Cent. 1.1 2.0 8.4 15.7 .1 6.6 2.0 8.8 10.9 3.3 4.2 3.7 13.9 9.6 2.9 6.8 760 100.0 Ages 65 and over No. 3 24 12 14 71 10 72 41 30 12 21 78 25 4 50 Per Cent. 0.6 5.1 2.6 3.0 15.2 2.1 15.4 8.8 6.4 2.6 4.5 16.7 5.4 .9 10.7 467 100.0 30 TABLE IX-A MORTAI.ITY OF PAINTERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ag and ;s 15 over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over Cause of Death No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 35 1.3 14 7.0 13 1.3 7 0.6 1 0.2 Alcoholism 39 1.4 — — 20 2.0 17 1.4 2 .5 Cancer 95 661 3.4 23.8 1 69 .5 34.7 13 394 1.3 39.9 60 185 5.1 15.8 21 13 5.0 Tuberculosis 3.1 Old Age 16 235 63 .6 8.4 2.3 2 6 1.0 3.0 24 30 2.4 3.0 4 125 22 .3 10.6 1.9 12 84 5 2.8 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . Other Nervous Diseases . . 19.9 1.2 Heart Diseases 226 8.1 10 5.0 49 5.0 105 8.9 62 14.7 Pneumonia 207 7.4 11 5.5 74 7.5 95 8.1 27 6.4 Other Respiratory Diseases. Liver Diseases 70 76 2.5 2.7 3 1 1.5 .5 17 19 1.7 1.9 36 41 3.1 3.5 14 15 3.3 3.5 Other Digestive Diseases. . 102 3.7 7 3.5 36 3.6 44 3.7 15 3.5 Urinary Diseases 420 15.1 6 3.0 107 10.8 216 18.4 91 21.5 Accidents 239 8.6 45 22.6 99 10.0 79 6.7 16 3.8 Suicide 80 42 177 2.9 1.5 6.5 10 4 10 5.0 2.0 5.0 32 17 43 3.2 1.7 4.4 34 18 86 2.9 1.5 7.3 4 3 38 .9 Lead Poisoning All Other Causes .7 9.0 All Causes 2783 100.0 199 100.0 987 100.0 1174 100.0 423 100.0 TABLE IX-B MORTALITY OF PLUMBERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND A GES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 28 2.5 13 7.3 14 2.2 1 0.4 Alcoholism 22 1.9 1 .6 17 2.6 4 1.5 Cancer 38 373 3.4 32.9 1 58 .6 32.8 9 270 1.4 42.1 21 44 8.1 16.9 7 1 13,0 Tuberculosis 1.9 Old Age 1 53 .1 4.7 3 1.7 18 2.8 19 7.3 1 13 19 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 24.1 Other Nervous Diseases . . 36 3.2 7 4.0 23 3.6 6 2.3 — — Heart Diseases 59 5.2 4 2.3 31 4.8 20 7.7 4 7.4 Pneumonia 87 7.7 14 7.9 50 7.8 21 8.1 2 3.7 Other Respiratory Diseases. 19 1.7 3 1.7 9 1.4 4 1.5 3 5.6 Liver Diseases 30 2.6 — — 13 2.0 16 6.2 1 1.9 Other Digestive Diseases. . 51 4.5 15 8.5 20 3.1 10 3.8 6 11.1 Urinary Diseases 126 11.1 7 4.0 55 8.6 49 18.8 15 27.8 Accidents 132 11.7 36 20.3 68 10.6 28 10.8 — — Suicide 21 57 1.9 5.0 6 9 3.4 5.1 11 34 1.7 5.3 4 13 1.5 5.0 1 — All Other Causes 1.9 All Causes 1133 100.0 177 100.0 642 100.0 260 100.0 54 100.0 31 TABLE X-A MORTALITY OF PRINTERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of DeafJi Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 23 2.3 16 7.4 6 1.4 1 0.4 Alcoholism 16 1.6 1 .5 8 1.9 6 2.2 1 1.2 Cancer 24 384 2.4 38.4 1 107 .5 49.8 3 214 .7 49.5 18 59 6.1 21.9 2 4 2.4 Tuberculosis 4.7 Old Age 1 .1 1 12 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 41 4.1 1 .5 7 1.6 17 6.3 16 18.8 Other Nervous Diseases . . 30 3.0 7 3.3 9 2.1 10 3.7 4 4.7 Heart Diseases 100 10.0 11 5.1 34 7.9 41 15.3 14 16.5 Pneumonia 81 8.1 18 8.4 31 7.2 25 9.3 7 8.2 Other Respiratory Diseases. 26 2.6 2 .9 12 2.8 7 2.6 5 5.9 Liver Diseases ...... 32 3.2 — — 14 3.2 16 6.0 2 2.4 Other Digestive Diseases. . 38 3.8 11 5.1 11 2.5 12 4.5 4 4.7 Urinary Diseases 89 8.9 11 5.1 27 6.3 36 13.4 15 17.6 Accidents 57 5.7 19 8.8 29 6.7 7 2.6 2 2.4 Suicide 20 39 2.0 3.9 7 3 3.3 1.4 7 20 1.6 4.6 2 11 .7 4.0 4 4 4.7 All Other Causes 4.7 All Causes 1001* 100.0 215 100.0 432 100.0 268 100.0 85 100.0 *Including one death, age unknown. TABLE X-B MORTALITY OF MACHINISTS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 82 3.1 40 8.1 33 3.4 9 1.1 Alcoholism 16 .6 — 12 1.2 3 .4 1 0.3 Cancer 110 728 4.2 27.7 1 199 .2 40.4 20 397 2.1 40.8 59 119 7.2 14.5 30 13 8.7 Tuberculosis 3.8 Old Age 10 .4 . 1 .1 9 2.6 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 168 6.4 4 .8 26 2.7 83 10.1 55 16.0 Other Nervous Diseases . . 70 2.7 12 2.4 23 2.4 23 2.8 12 3.5 Heart Diseases 230 8.7 17 3.4 63 6.5 94 11.4 56 16.3 Pneumonia 194 7.4 25 5.1 72 7.4 71 8.6 26 1.6 Other Respiratory Diseases. 79 3.0 8 1.6 14 1.4 35 4.3 22 6.4 Liver Diseases 50 1.9 1 .2 17 1.7 25 3.0 7 2.0 Other Digestive Diseases. . 119 4.5 29 5.9 39 4.0 35 4.3 16 4.7 Urinary Diseases 262 10.0 17 3.4 73 7.5 128 15.6 44 12.8 Accidents 264 10.0 88 17.8 102 10.5 59 7.2 15 4.4 Suicide 73 177 2.8 6.1 19 33 3.9 6.7 26 56 2.7 5.8 23 56 2.8 6.8 5 32 1 5 All Other Causes 9.5 All Causes 2632 100.0 493 100.0 973 100.0 823 100.0 343 100.0 32 TABLE XI-A MORTALITY OF BAKERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ag( and =s 15 over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 14 1.9 5 9.3 7 3.4 2 0.6 Alcoholism 5 .7 — — 2 1.0 1 .3 2 1.4 Cancer 37 144 5.1 19.8 1 16 1.9 29.6 6 78 2.9 37.7 20 42 6.2 13.0 10 8 6.8 Tuberculosis 5.5 OldAge 7 1.0 2 6 S 3.4 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 60 8.2 1 1.9 7 3.4 33 10.2 19 13.0 Other Nervous Diseases . . 24 3.3 4 7.4 6 2.9 11 3.4 3 2.1 Heart Diseases 68 9.3 2 3.7 11 5.3 40 12.4 15 10.3 Pneumonia 69 9.5 4 7.4 25 12.1 26 8.1 14 9.6 Other Respiratory Diseases. 30 4.1 1 1.9 3 1.4 16 5.0 10 6.8 Liver Diseases 24 3.3 — — 7 3.4 14 4.3 3 2.1 Other Digestive Diseases. . 30 4.1 5 9.3 6 2.9 13 4.0 6 4.1 Urinary Diseases 101 13.9 1 1.9 17 8.2 49 15.2 34 23.3 Accidents 37 5.1 6 11.1 9 4.3 18 5.6 4 2.7 Suicide 29 50 4.0 6.9 4 4 7.4 7.4 8 15 3.9 7.2 13 22 4.0 6.8 4 9 2.7 All Other Causes 6.2 All Causes 729 100.0 54 100.0 207 100.0 322 100.0 146 100.0 TABLE XI-B MORTALITY OF CIGARMAKERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 8 1.1 4 5.5 1 0.5 3 0.9 Alcoholism 11 1.5 — — 5 2.6 6 1.9 Cancer 42 197 5.7 26.7 1 40 1.4 54.8 2 86 1.1 45.5 25 63 7.8 19.6 14 8 9.0 Tuberculosis 5.2 Old Age 8 52 1.1 7.0 — 9 4.8 26 8.1 8 17 5.2 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 11.0 Other Nervous Diseases . . 22 3.0 2 2.7 7 3.7 10 3.1 3 1.9 Heart Diseases 56 7.6 3 4.1 9 4.8 22 6.8 22 14.2 Pneumonia 50 6.8 4 5.5 12 6.3 21 6.5 13 8.4 Other Respiratory Diseases. 16 2.2 — — 2 1.1 5 1.6 9 5.8 Liver Diseases 36 4.9 — — 7 3.7 25 7.8 4 2.6 Other Digestive Diseases. . 23 3.1 2 2.7 5 2.6 9 2.8 7 4.5 Urinary Diseases 96 13.0 5 6.8 16 8.5 52 16.1 23 14.8 Accidents 45 6.1 7 9.6 11 5.8 18 5.6 9 5.8 Suicide 30 47 4.1 6.4 5 6.8 7 10 3.7 5.3 20 17 6.2 5.3 3 15 1.9 All Other Causes 9.7 All Causes 739 100.0 73 100.0 189 100.0 322 100.0 155 100.0 33 TABLE XII-A MORTAUTY OF TAILORS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Cause of Death Typhoid , Alcoholism , Cancer Tuberculosis OldAge Apoplexy and Paralysis . . Other Nervous Diseases . . Heart Diseases Pneumonia Other Respiratory Diseases Liver Diseases Other Digestive Diseases. . Urinary Diseases Accidents Suicide All Other Causes All Causes Ages 15 and over No. 8 12 78 185 27 117 26 114 95 61 38 56 175 35 39 94 1160 Per Cent. 0.7 1.0 6.7 15.9 2.3 10.1 2.2 9.8 8.2 5.3 3.3 4.8 15.1 3.0 3.4 8.1 100.0 Ages 15-24 No. 29 1 4 3 2 3 50 Per Cent. 8.0 58.0 4.0 4.0 2.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 6.0 100.0 Ages 25-44 1 5 2 86 3 5 3 13 3 5 5 16 7 9 14 177 Per Cent. 0.6 2.8 1.1 48.6 1.7 2.8 1.7 7.3 1.7 2.8 2.8 9.0 4.0 5.1 7.9 100.0 Ages 45-64 No. 2 7 44 56 47 7 59 46 18 22 33 78 18 19 45 501 Per Cent. 11.2 9, 1, 11. 9, 3. 4. 6. 15. 3. 3. 9. 100.0 Ages 65 and Over No. 1 32 14 27 67 12 52 34 40 11 17 11 1 9 32 432 Per Cent. 0.2 7.4 3.2 6.3 15.5 2.8 12.0 7.9 9.3 2.5 3.9 17.8 1.6 2.1 7.4 100.0 TABLE XII-B MORTALITY OF TEXTILE WORKERS BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES 1907-1910 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY CAUSES AND AGES Ages 15 and over Ages 15-24 Ages 25-44 Ages 45-64 Ages 65 and Over No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. Typhoid 39 2.5 19 8.5 15 3.0 4 0.7 1 0.3 Alcoholism 8 .5 — — 5 1.0 3 .5 — Cancer 71 450 4.5 28.4 1 91 .4 40.8 11 240 2.2 47.5 38 109 6.7 19.3 21 10 7.2 Tuberculosis 3.4 Old Age 7 111 .4 7.0 1 .4 20 4.0 43 7.6 7 47 2.4 Apoplexy and Paralysis . . 16.0 Other Nervous Diseases . . 38 2.4 8 3.6 11 2.2 13 2.3 6 2.1 Heart Diseases 145 9.1 11 4.9 25 5.0 65 11.5 44 15.0 Pneumonia . 132 8.3 10 4.5 34 G.l 61 10.8 27 9.2 Other Respiratory Diseases. 65 4.1 6 2.7 12 lA 22 3.9 25 8.5 Liver Diseases 41 2.6 — — 7 1.4 29 5.1 5 1.7 Other Digestive Diseases. . 64 4.0 17 IL 13 2.6 22 3.9 12 4.1 Urinary Diseases 182 11.5 18 8.1 31 6.1 85 15.0 48 16.4 Accidents 111 7.0 31 13.9 41 8.1 29 5.1 10 3.4 Suicide 42 81 2.6 5.1 2 8 .9 3.6 22 18 4.4 3.6 11 32 1.9 5.7 7 23 2.4 All Other Causes 7.8 All Causes 1587 100.0 223 100.0 505 100.0 566 100.0 293 100.0 34 TABLE XIII AGE DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES- MALES INDUSTRIAL MORTALITY, 1906-1910 Deaths from Valvular Deaths from Deaths from Disease of the Heart Diseases of the Liver Apoplexy Ages Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 1— 4 65 0.7 31 0.8 99 1.1 5— 9 234 2.6 33 .8 53 .6 10—14 282 3.1 28 .7 24 .3 15—19 321 3.5 25 .6 42 .5 20—24 274 3.0 51 1.3 64 .7 25—29 289 3.2 93 2.3 90 1.0 30—34 360 3.9 211 5.2 181 2.1 35—39 404 4.4 321 7.9 262 3.0 40—44 520 5.7 417 10.3 328 3.7 45—49 615 6.7 521 12.9 487 5.5 50—54 722 7.9 527 13.0 723 8.2 55—59 971 10.6 549 13.6 1,070 12.2 60 64 1,148 12.5 522 12.9 1,479 16.8 65—69 1,231 13.4 380 9.4 1,561 17.7 70—74 1,004 10.9 227 5.6 1,281 14.6 75—79 556 6.1 86 2.1 778 8.8 80—84 142 1.5 22 .5 241 2.7 85—89 29 .3 2 — 37 .4 90 and over 3 - — — — 3 — Total. . . 9,170 100.0 4,046 100.0 8,803 100.0 TABLE XIII— Continued Deaths from Pneumonia Deaths from Tuberculosis of the Lungs Deaths from Bright's Disease Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 1— 4 3,400 20.3 289 1.0 136 1.0 5— 9 741 4.4 184 .6 134 1.0 10—14 300 1.8 215 .7 128 1.0 15—19 487 2.9 1,612 5.6 178 1.4 20—24 560 3.3 3,499 12.1 269 2.1 25—29 601 3.6 3,921 13.6 431 3.3 30—34 843 5.0 4,250 14.7 579 4.5 35—39 1,031 6.2 3,963 13.7 730 5.6 40—44 983 5.9 3,256 11.3 882 6.8 45—49 1,103 6.6 2,431 8.4 1,043 8.0 50—54 1,175 7.0 1,871 6.5 1,305 10.0 55—59 1,238 7.4 1,387 4.8 1,546 11.9 60—64 1,434 8.6 992 3.4 1,790 13.8 65—69 1,271 7.6 620 2.1 1,705 13.1 70—74 945 5.6 265 .9 1,303 10.0 75—79 467 2.8 91 .3 613 4.7 80—84 139 .8 13 — 200 1.5 85—89 18 .1 4 — 22 .2 90 and over 1 — — — 3 — Total. . . 16,737 100.0 28,863 100.0 12,997 100.0 33 TABLE XIII— Concluded Ages Deaths from Cancer Deaths from Typhoid Deaths from Accidents Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 1— 4 37 0.6 145 4.5 1,177 7.3 5—9 28 .5 224 7.0 1,182 7.4 10—14 19 .3 278 8.7 1,251 7.8 15—19 27 .5 558 17.5 1,521 9.5 20—24 45 .8 529 16.6 1,500 9.3 25—29 58 1.0 380 11.9 1,309 8.1 30—34 89 1.5 286 9.0 1,102 6.9 35—39 171 3.0 232 7.3 1,113 6.9 40—44 299 5.2 143 4.5 1,028 6.4 45—49 498 8.6 133 4.2 960 6.0 50—54 692 12.0 120 3.8 984 6.1 55—59 918 15.9 64 2.0 896 5.6 60 64 1,043 18.1 45 1.4 767 4.8 65—69 913 15.8 30 .9 610 3.8 70—74 596 10.3 21 .7 404 2.5 75—79 262 4.5 4 .1 198 1.2 80—84 73 1.3 — — 60 .4 85—89 9 .2 — — 13 .1 90 and over 1 — — — 1 — Total . . . 5,778 100.0 3,192 100.0 16,076 100.0 TABLE XIV AGE DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES- FEMALES INDUSTRIAL MORTALITY, 1906-1910 Deaths from Apoplexy Deaths from Diseases of the Liver Deaths from Accidents Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 1— 4 71 0.7 28 0.8 825 15.3 5— 9 46 .4 22 .6 596 11.1 10—14 21 .2 18 .5 256 4.8 15—19 43 .4 26 .7 224 4.2 20—24 69 .6 42 1.2 206 3.8 25—29 98 .9 98 2.8 215 4.0 30—34 134 1.3 174 4.9 227 4.2 35—39 235 2.2 260 7.4 211 3.9 40—44 374 3.5 332 9.4 232 4.3 45— i9 642 6.0 432 12.3 247 4.6 50—54 1,022 9.6 450 12.8 284 5.3 55—59 1,387 13.0 440 12.5 291 5.4 60—64 1,787 16.8 440 12.5 378 7.0 65—69 1,849 17.4 366 10.4 404 7.5 70—74 1,572 14.8 248 7.0 381 7.1 75—79 906 8.5 112 3.2 252 4.7 80—84 319 3.0 34 1.0 116 2.2 85—89 61 .6 2 .1 26 .5 90 and over 5 — — — 5 .1 Total . . . 10,641 100.0 3,524 100.0 5,376 100.0 36 TABLE XIV— Continued Deaths from 1 Deaths from Tuberculosis Deaths from Bright's Disease of the Lungs Pneumonia Ages Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 1— 4 96 0.8 250 1.0 3,005 18.3 5— 9 115 .9 202 .8 765 4.7 10—14 161 1.3 458 1.9 346 2.1 15—19 242 1.9 2,384 10.0 422 2.6 20—24 324 2.5 4,047 17.0 459 2.8 25—29 469 3.7 3,980 16.7 494 3.0 30—34 611 4.8 3,427 14.4 601 3.7 35—39 727 5.7 2,724 11.4 658 4.0 40—44 914 7.2 1,896 7.9 669 4.1 45—49 1,075 8.5 1,307 5.5 872 5.3 50—54 1,316 10.4 966 4.0 1,004 6.1 55—59 1,458 11.5 741 3.1 1,332 8.1 60—64 1,603 12.6 657 2.8 1,590 9.7 65—69 1,538 12.1 447 1.9 1,679 10.2 70—74 1,186 9.3 254 1.1 1,357 8.3 75—79 624 4.9 89 .4 844 5.1 80—84 206 1.6 25 .1 280 1.7 85—89 43 .3 3 — 56 .3 90 and over 3 — 1 — 7 ~ Total. . . 12,711 100.0 23,858 100.0 16,440 100.0 TABLE XIV— Concluded Deaths from Cancer Deaths from Parturition Deaths from Valvular Disease of the Heart Ages Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 1— 4 32 0.3 77 0.7 5— 9 16 .1 248 2.3 10—14 20 .2 5 0.1 352 3.3 15—19 32 .3 384 7.7 353 3.3 20—24 58 .5 1,142 22.8 305 2.9 25—29 149 1.2 1,200 24.0 331 3.1 30—34 335 2.8 1,104 22.1 398 3.8 35—39 660 5.5 809 16.2 455 4.3 40—44 1,093 9.1 330 6.6 569 5.4 45—49 1,401 11.7 22 .4 699 6.6 50—54 1,728 14.5 2 — 823 7.8 55—59 1,770 14.8 1 — 1,073 10.1 60—64 1,714 14.3 — — 1,291 12.2 65—69 1,452 12.1 — — 1,404 13.3 70—74 936 7.8 — — 1,242 11.7 75—79 441 3.7 — — 644 6.1 80—84 105 .9 — — 250 2.4 85—89 12 .1 — — 59 .6 90 and over 2 — — — 5 Total. . . 11,956 100.0 4,999 100.0 10,578 100.0 37 TABLE XV TEN PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH— AGES 15 to 44 ORDINARY EXPERIENCE 1886-1911 Deaths of Males Cause Tuberculosis Accidents Pneumonia Typhoid Other Digestive Diseases. Urinary Diseases Suicides Apoplexy and Paralysis. . Heart Diseases Cancer All Other Causes Total 15,478 Number 4,251 2,257 1,503 1,059 864 853 589 481 484 372 2,765 Percent, of Total 27.5 14.6 9.7 6.8 5.6 5.5 3.8 3.1 3.1 2.4 17.9 100.0 Deaths of Females Number Tuberculosis Parturition Pneumonia Other Digestive Diseases. Urinary Diseases Cancer Organs of Generation . . . Typhoid Heart Diseases Accidents All Other Causes Total 3,803 1,075 412 261 250 243 211 174 167 120 123 767 Per Cent, of Total 28.3 10.8 6.9 6.6 6.4 5.5 4.6 4.4 3.2 3.2 20.1 100.0 TABLE XVI TEN PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH— AGES 45 AND OVER ORDINARY EXPERIENCE 1886-1911 Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Cause Number Percent, of Total Cause Number Per Cent of Total Urinary Diseases Apoplexy and Paralysis. . . Pneumonia Tuberculosis Heart Diseases 1,196 1,126 1,030 948 858 813 786 503 427 357 1,982 10,026 11.9 11.2 10.3 9.5 8.6 8.1 7.8 5.0 4.3 3.6 19.7 100.0 Cancer Apoplexy and Paralysis. . . Urinary Diseases Pneumonia Heart Diseases 322 235 234 179 155 109 106 72 52 43 370 1,877 17.2 12.5 12.5 9.5 8.3 Cancer Accidents Other Digestive Diseases. . Tuberculosis Liver Diseases 5.8 5.6 Other Digestive Diseases. . Liver Diseases 3.8 Accidents 2.8 Suicides All Other Causes Diabetes All Other Causes 2.3 19.7 Total Total 100.0 38 TABLE XVII INDUSTRIAIv MORTAI.ITY BY SINGIvE YEARS OF IvIFE MORTALITY FROM ALL CAUSES Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age Age (next birth- day) Actual Number. 1909-1910 Number per 10,000 Actual Number, 1909-1910 Number per 10,000 (next birth- day) Actual Number, 1909-1910 Number per 10,000 Actual Number, 1909-1910 Number per 10.000 2 4,932 680 4,261 594 51 957 132 980 137 3 2,308 318 1,859 259 52 945 130 944 132 4 1,456 201 1,251 174 53 966 133 934 130 5 1,081 149 933 130 54 982 135 994 139 6 840 116 703 98 55 1,033 142 963 134 7 715 99 624 87 56 1,019 140 975 136 8 530 73 475 66 57 1,068 147 1,002 140 9 518 71 420 59 58 1,073 148 1,121 156 10 378 52 383 53 59 1,133 156 1,176 164 11 369 51 317 44 60 1,187 164 1,233 172 12 372 51 343 48 61 1,157 159 1,223 171 13 391 54 309 43 62 1,195 165 1,175 164 14 396 55 361 50 63 1,110 153 1,248 174 15 424 58 438 61 64 1,162 160 1,313 183 16 473 65 412 57 65 1,274 176 1,333 186 17 581 80 501 70 66 1,147 158 1,321 184 18 698 96 634 88 67 1,116 154 1,240 173 19 653 90 645 90 68 1,083 149 1,222 170 20 714 98 713 99 69 1,118 154 1,182 165 21 727 100 721 101 70 1,046 144 1,226 171 22 794 109 809 113 71 942 130 1,119 156 23 780 108 780 109 72 861 119 1,116 156 24 735 101 772 108 73 881 121 1,035 144 25 717 99 841 117 74 795 110 903 126 26 746 103 867 121 75 676 93 808 113 27 785 108 828 115 76 639 88 769 107 28 802 111 790 110 11 548 76 697 97 29 811 112 777 108 78 437 60 597 83 30 840 116 811 113 79 388 54 530 74 31 803 111 811 113 80 278 38 380 53 32 851 117 747 104 81 230 32 283 39 33 829 114 834 116 82 185 26 231 32 34 863 119 754 105 83 137 19 218 30 35 873 120 829 116 84 88 12 152 21 36 944 130 794 111 85 75 10 104 15 37 918 127 803 112 86 37 5 75 11 38 857 118 802 112 87 28 4 63 9 39 922 127 797 111 88 17 2 34 5 40 907 125 832 116 89 13 2 30 4 41 938 129 753 105 90 14 2 17 2 42 900 124 799 111 91 5 1 5 1 43 896 124 762 106 92 1 — 6 1 44 881 121 808 113 93 — — 1 — 45 910 125 750 105 94 1 — — — 46 901 124 798 111 95 1 — 2 — 47 844 116 788 110 96 — — 1 — 48 952 131 881 123 97 — — 1 — 49 962 133 917 128 50 1,014 140 922 129 Total 72,579 10,000 71,741 10,000 39 TABLE XVIII INDUSTRIAIv MORTALITY BY SINGLE YEARS OE LIFE MORTALITY FROM TYPHOID Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age (next birth,- Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age Number Number Number Number (next Actual per 10,000 Actual per 10,000 Actual per 10,000 Actual per 10.000 birth- Number, Deaths Number, Deaths day) Number, Deaths Number, Deaths day) 1907-1910 from All 1908-1910 from All 1907-1910 from All 1908-1910 from All Causes Causes Causes Causes 2 33 2.2 24 2.3 46 26 1.8 15 1.4 3 41 2.8 35 3.4 47 16 .9 15 1.4 4 42 2.9 32 3.1 48 19 1.3 16 1.5 5 34 2.3 24 2.3 49 16 .9 8 .8 6 33 2.2 22 2.1 50 20 1.4 14 1.3 7 26 1.8 26 2.5 51 20 1.4 13 1.2 8 42 2.9 23 2.2 52 23 1.6 6 .6 9 39 2.7 32 3.1 53 20 1.4 10 1.0 10 35 2.4 28 2.7 54 14 1.0 11 1.1 11 43 2.9 34 3.3 55 18 1.2 10 1.0 12 48 3.3 38 3.6 56 6 .4 12 1.1 13 47 3.2 36 3.4 57 7 .5 6 .6 14 55 3.7 47 4.5 58 11 .7 6 .6 15 61 4.1 45 4.3 59 9 .6 7 .7 16 63 4.3 37 3.5 60 6 .4 7 .7 17 95 6.5 59 5.7 61 6 .4 9 .9 18 115 7.8 74 7.1 62 4 .3 12 1.1 19 87 5.9 58 5.6 63 10 .7 5 .5 20 96 6.5 40 3.8 64 9 .6 5 .5 21 91 6.2 56 5.4 65 5 .3 2 .2 22 85 5.8 53 5.1 66 6 .4 5 .5 23 80 5.4 41 3.9 67 3 • .2 1 .1 24 61 4.1 41 3.9 68 6 .4 4 .4 25 59 4.0 44 4.2 69 4 .3 7 .7 26 61 4.1 39 3.7 70 1 .1 2 .2 27 67 4.6 34 3.3 71 2 .1 2 .2 28 51 3.5 26 2.5 72 3 .2 1 .1 29 55 3.7 39 3.7 73 3 .2 — — 30 56 3.8 27 2.6 74 3 .2 — — 31 42 2.9 28 2.7 75 — — — — 32 44 3.0 31 3.0 ie> 1 .1 1 .1 33 41 2.8 31 3.0 11 — — — — 34 42 2.9 24 2.3 n 1 .1 — — 35 44 3.0 22 2.1 79 — — 1 .1 36 41 2.8 20 1.9 80 — — 1 .1 37 29 2.0 18 1.7 81 — — — — 38 38 2.6 20 1.9 82 — — — — 39 27 1.8 22 2.1 83 — — — — 40 27 1.8 17 1.6 84 — — — — 41 28 1.9 13 1.2 85 — — 1 .1 42 25 1.7 19 1.8 86 — — 1 .1 43 12 .8 13 1.2 44 17 1.2 13 1.3 Total 2,483 168.7 1,628 156.2 45 27 1.8 7 .7 40 TABLE XVIII— Continued INDUSTRIAI. MORTALITY BY SINGLE YEARS OF LIFE MORTALITY FROM ACCIDENTS Deaths of Males Deaths o Females Age (next birth- day) Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes 2 391 27.3 205 19.2 50 180 12.6 30 2.8 3 329 23.0 166 15.5 51 180 12.6 28 2.6 4 247 17.3 145 13.6 52 154 10.8 39 3.7 5 183 12.8 114 10.7 53 133 9.3 22 2.1 6 182 12.7 99 9.3 54 158 11.0 33 3.1 7 193 13.5 80 7.5 55 140 9.8 35 3.3 8 183 12.8 37 3.5 56 146 10.2 36 3.4 9 207 14.5 47 4.4 57 146 10.2 27 2.5 10 187 13.1 38 3.6 58 149 10.4 23 2.1 11 223 15.6 34 3.2 59 131 9.2 47 4.4 12 210 14.7 27 2.5 60 157 11.0 51 4.8 13 194 13.6 28 2.6 61 123 8.6 41 3.8 14 197 13.8 26 2.4 62 121 8.5 51 4.8 15 225 15.7 23 2.2 63 98 6.9 46 4.3 16 235 16.4 30 2.8 64 112 7.8 42 3.9 17 273 19.1 26 2.4 65 120 8.4 47 4.4 18 239 16.7 25 2.3 66 88 6.2 54 5.1 19 248 17.3 31 2.9 67 101 7.1 40 3.7 20 250 17.5 25 2.3 68 90 6.3 41 3.8 21 250 17.5 28 2.6 69 98 6.9 52 4.9 22 261 18.2 29 2.7 70 81 5.7 54 5.1 23 232 16.2 18 1.7 71 76 5.3 40 3.7 24 237 16.6 21 2.0 72 65 4.5 41 3.8 25 215 15.0 28 2.6 73 64 4.5 56 5.3 26 222 15.5 30 2.8 74 50 3.5 40 3.7 27 207 14.5 29 2.7 75 44 3.1 33 3.1 28 214 15.0 20 1.9 76 33 2.3 38 3.6 29 222 15.5 29 2.7 77 29 2.0 48 4.5 30 167 11.7 23 2.2 78 39 2.7 31 2.9 31 172 12.0 26 2.4 79 19 1.3 21 2.0 32 187 13.1 19 1.8 80 13 .9 23 2.2 33 170 11.9 32 3.0 81 11 .8 21 2.0 34 200 14.0 31 2.9 82 16 1.1 14 1.3 35 191 13.4 26 2.4 83 9 .6 11 1.0 36 193 13.5 19 1.8 84 5 .3 10 .9 37 166 11.6 28 2.6 85 4 .3 8 .7 38 168 11.7 36 3.4 86 3 .2 5 .5 39 162 11.3 28 2.6 87 3 .2 1 .1 40 175 12.2 24 2.2 88 2 .1 1 .1 41 192 13.4 23 2.2 89 1 .1 1 .1 42 163 11.4 24 2.2 90 1 .1 1 .1 43 152 10.6 26 2.4 91 — — 1 .1 44 144 10.1 29 2.8 92 — — — — 45 156 10.9 36 3.4 93 — — — 46 163 11.4 30 2.8 94 — — — 47 149 10.4 27 2.5 95 — — 1 .1 48 157 11.0 31 2.9 49 150 10.5 31 2.9 Total 13,026 910.9 3,272 306.4 41 TABLE XVIII— Concluded INDUSTRIAL MORTALITY BY SINGLE YEARS OF LIFE MORTALITY FROM TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LUNGS Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,00 Deaths from All Causes 2 128 9.2 78 7.4 47 390 28.2 167 15.8 3 73 5.3' 48 4.5 48 370 26.7 159 15.0 4 38 2.7 38 3.6 49 358 25.9 149 14.1 5 32 2.3 19 1.8 50 339 24.5 148 14.0 6 28 2.0 22 2.1 51 328 23.7 121 11.4 7 32 2.3 24 2.3 52 313 22.6 118 11.1 8 20 1.4 33 3.1 53 293 21.2 119 11.2 9 31 2.2 27 2.5 54 253 18.3 117 11.0 10 19 1.4 35 3.3 55 270 19.5 93 8.8 11 29 2.1 26 2.5 56 242 17.5 104 9.8 12 27 1.9 51 4.8 57 255 18.4 87 8.2 13 37 2.7 76 7.2 58 200 14.4 98 9.2, 14 60 4.3 96 9.1 59 185 13.4 79 7.5 15 71 5.1 172 16.2 60 193 13.9 82 7.7 16 156 11.3 212 20.0 61 186 13.4 91 8.6 17 259 18.7 273 25.7 62 169 12.2 75 7.1 18 365 26.4 371 35.0 63 147 10.6 78 7.4 19 446 32.2 407 38.4 64 127 9.2 74 7.0 20 530 38.3 447 42.2 65 115 8.3 62 5.8 21 514 37.1 434 40.9 66 119 8.6 66 6.2 22 558 40.3 529 49.9 67 120 8.7 59 5.6 23 623 45.0 487 45.9 68 76 5.5 53 5.0 24 595 43.0 501 47.3 69 78 5.6 50 4.7 25 604 43.6 508 47.9 70 51 3.7 43 4.1 26 613 44.3 508 47.9 71 48 3.5 40 3.8 27 611 44.1 475 44.8 72 41 3.0 31 2.9 28 635 45.9 480 45.3 73 45 3.2 25 2.4 29 680 49.1 431 40.7 74 35 2.5 22 2.1 30 713 51.5 443 41.8 75 22 1.6 16 1.5 31 665 48.0 410 38.7 76 11 .8 15 1.4 32 678 49.0 389 36.7 77 19 1.4 16 1.5 33 695 50.2 440 41.5 78 13 .9 7 .7 34 660 47.7 369 34.8 79 6 .4 5 .5 35 666 48.1 384 36.2 80 5 .4 6 .6 36 665 48.0 346 32.6 81 8 .6 1 .1 37 645 46.6 341 32.2 82 1 .1 4 .4 38 629 45.4 308 29.1 83 — — 2 .2 39 639 46.1 300 28.3 84 2 1 .1 40 577 41.7 272 25.7 85 1 1 .1 41 569 41.1 227 21.4 86 1 — — 42 545 39.4 240 22.6 87 1 1 .1 43 524 37.8 218 20.6 88 1 — — 44 493 35.6 199 18.8 45 402 29.0 165 15.6 Total 23,429 1692.1 14,506 1368.9 46 413 29.8 162 15.3 • 42 TABLE XIX INDUSTRIAI. MORTALITY BY SINGLE YEARS OF LIFE MORTALITY FROM PNEUMONIA Deaths of Males 1 Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Deaths of Males 1 Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10.000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes 2 1,739 129.1 1,256 122.0 49 184 13.7 106 10.3 3 689 51.2 410 39.8 50 191 14.2 105 10.2 4 320 23.8 230 22.3 51 184 13.7 132 12.8 5 205 15.2 153 14.9 52 190 14.1 111 10.8 6 145 10.8 108 10.5 53 178 13.2 114 11.1 7 117 8.7 81 7.9 54 188 14.0 145 14.1 8 85 6.3 78 7.6 55 206 15.3 150 14.6 9 51 3.8 48 4.7 56 202 15.0 160 15.5 10 57 4.2 40 3.9 57 201 14.9 155 15.1 11 50 3.7 36 3.5 58 215 16.0 146 14.2 12 49 3.6 41 4.0 59 184 13.7 187 18.2 13 47 3.5 30 2.9 60 244 18.1 194 18.8 14 48 3.6 48 4.7 61 225 16.7 165 16.0 15 72 5.3 53 5.1 62 243 18.0 197 19.1 16 65 4.8 41 4.0 63 215 16.0 198 19.2 17 79 5.9 49 4.8 64 234 17.4 213 20.7 18 80 5.9 60 5.8 65 210 15.6 236 22.9 19 103 7.6 59 5.7 66 225 16.7 239 23.2 20 85 6.3 49 4.8 67 193 14.3 198 19.2 21 78 5.8 45 4.4 68 188 14.0 191 18.5 22 106 7.9 64 6.2 69 206 15.3 190 18.4 23 85 6.3 61 5.9 70 174 12.9 204 19.8 24 90 6.7 54 5.2 71 180 13.4 178 17.3 25 74 5.5 59 5.7 72 174 12.9 161 15.6 26 87 6.5 61 5.9 73 129 9.6 163 15.8 27 98 7.3 51 5.0 74 139 10.3 134 13.0 28 100 7.4 48 4.7 75 95 7.1 142 13.8 29 109 8.1 67 6.5 76 108 8.0 132 12.8 30 123 9.1 75 7.3 77 69 5.1 110 10.7 31 118 8.8 67 6.5 78 66 4.9 95 9.2 32 139 10.3 68 6.6 79 60 4.5 89 8.6 33 155 11.5 73 7.1 80 40 3.0 56 5.4 34 147 10.9 79 7.7 81 30 2.2 44 4.3 35 173 12.8 71 6.9 82 21 1.6 40 3.9 36 165 12.3 80 7.8 83 19 1.4 40 3.9 37 165 12.3 67 6.5 84 13 1.0 17 1.7 38 151 11.2 92 8.9 85 2 .1 15 1.5 39 162 12.0 89 8.6 86 7 .5 10 1.0 40 170 12.6 78 7.6 87 3 .2 9 .9 41 158 11.7 94 9.1 88 1 .1 5 .5 42 149 11.1 76 7.4 89 2 .1 2 .2 43 151 11.2 76 7.4 90 — — 4 .4 44 160 11.9 82 8.0 91 1 .1 1 .1 45 180 13.4 101 9.8 92 — — — — 46 189 14.0 99 9.6 93 — — 1 .1 47 149 11.1 121 11.7 48 182 13.5 114 11.1 Total 13,538 1,005.4 10,166 987.4 43 TABLE XIX— Continued INDUSTRIAL MORTALITY BY SINGLE YEARS OF LIFE MORTALITY FROM BRIGHT'S DISEASE Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age (next birth- day) Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1907-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes Actual Number, 1908-1910 Number per 10,000 Deaths from All Causes 2 62 4.5 50 4.9 50 228 16.6 209 20.5 3 82 6.0 42 4.1 51 249 18.1 173 17.0 4 64 4.6 45 4.4 52 229 16.6 189 18.6 5 50 3.6 30 2.9 53 250 18.2 223 21.9 6 42 3.1 30 2.9 54 286 20.8 208 20.4 7 47 3.4 19 1.9 55 255 18.5 204 20.0 8 37 2.7 23 2.3 56 274 19.9 224 22.0 9 29 2.1 27 2.7 57 283 20.6 192 18.9 10 28 2.0 30 2.9 58 319 23.2 224 22.0 11 32 2.3 29 2.8 59 343 24.9 241 23.7 12 23 1.7 30 2.9 60 345 25.1 262 25.7 13 27 2.0 28 2.7 61 308 22.4 235 23.1 14 39 2.8 35 3.4 62 353 25.6 241 23.7 15 39 2.8 48 4.7 63 346 25.1 252 24.7 16 33 2.4 31 3.0 64 339 24.6 233 22.9 17 48 3.5 39 3.8, 65 360 26.1 264 25.9 18 33 2.4 48 4.7 66 335 24.3 249 24.4 19 36 2.6 50 4.9 67 308 22.4 245 24.1 20 48 3.5 53 5.2 68 319 23.1 231 22.7 21 51 3.7 57 5.6 69 316 23.0 171 16.8 22 49 3.6 57 5.6 70 286 20.8 212 20.8 23 78 5.7 73 7.2 71 274 19.9 214 21.0 24 66 4.8 56 5.5 72 251 18.1 179 17.6 25 71 5.2 79 7.8 73 240 17.4 158 15.5 26 70 5.1 80 7.9 74 227 16.5 144 14.1 27 96 7.0 77 7.6 75 149 10.8 114 11.2 28 100 7.3 80 7.9 76 162 11.8 129 12.7 29 99 7.2 79 7.8 77 120 8.7 98 9.6 30 116 8.4 91 8.9 78 79 5.7 69 6.8 31 105 1£ 87 8.5 79 81 5.9 73 7.2 32 103 7.5 99 9.7 80 51 3.7 43 4.2 33 122 8.9 101 9.9 81 47 3.4 36 3.5 34 145 10.5 106 10.4 82 40 2.9 30 2.9 35 125 9.1 107 10.5 83 30 2.2 25 2.5 36 144 10.5 101 9.9 84 19 1.4 24 2.4 37 139 10.1 117 11.5 85 13 .9 10 1.0 38 130 9.4 119 11.7 86 5 .4 10 1.0 39 179 13.0 126 12.4 87 3 .2 8 .8 40 162 11.8 145 14.2 88 1 .1 3 .3 41 171 12.4 147 14.4 89 3 .2 3 .3 42 192 13.9 130 12.8 90 3 .2 1 .1 43 180 13.1 124 12.2 91 — — — — 44 173 12.6 159 15.6 92 — — 2 .2 45 180 13.1 134 13.2 93 — — — — 46 210 15.3 151 14.8 94 — — — — 47 212 15.4 153 15.0 95 1 .1 — — 48 219 15.9 167 16.4 49 223 16.2 159 15.6 Total 12,839 932.7 9,903 972.3 44 TABLE XIX— Concluded INDUSTRIAL MORTALITY BY SINGLE YEARS OF LIFE MORTALITY FROM HEART DISEASES Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age Deaths of Males Deaths of Females Age Number Number Number Number (next Actual per 10,000 Actual per lO.OOC ) (next Actual per 10,000 Actual per 10,000 birth- Number, Deaths Number, Deaths birth- Number, Deaths Number, Deaths day) 1907-1910 from All Causes 2.9 1908-1910 from All Causes day) 1907-1910 from All Causes 1908-1910 from All Causes 2 34 24 2.5 51 172 14.7 170 17.6 3 24 2.0 26 2.7 52 190 16.2 153 15.8 4 28 2.4 27 2.8 53 195 16.6 172 17.8 5 40 3.4 32 3.3 54 192 16.4 155 16.0 6 48 4.1 41 4.2 55 213 18.2 174 18.0 7 37 3.2 44 4.5 56 238 20.3 200 20.7 8 51 4.3 47 4.8 57 235 20.0 180 18.6 9 70 6.0 60 6.2 58 256 21.8 243 25.1 10 55 4.7 51 5.3 59 278 23.7 226 23.4 11 53 4.5 55 5.7 60 272 23.2 240 24.8 12 59 5.0 54 5.6 61 261 22.3 233 24.1 13 62 5.3 63 6.5 62 275 23.4 234 24.2 14 55 4.7 62 6.4 63 287 24.5 258 26.7 15 69 5.9 66 6.8 64 329 28.0 257 26.6 16 62 5.3 54 5.6 65 359 30.6 279 28.9 17 68 5.8 54 5.6 66 309 26.3 248 25.7 18 67 5.7 78 8.1 67 322 27.5 226 23.4 19 70 6.0 42 4.3 68 305 26.0 266 27.5 20 69 5.9 44 4.5 69 304 25.9 244 25.2 21 64 5.5 51 5.3 70 290 24.7 257 26.6 22 60 5.1 54 5.6 71 262 22.3 249 25.8 23 61 5.2 58 6.0 72 234 19.9 220 22.8 24 53 4.5 54 5.6 73 242 20.6 224 23.2 25 61 5.2 55 5.7 74 208 17.7 211 21.8 26 56 4.8 51 5.3 75 184 15.7 165 17.1 27 71 6.1 58 6.0 76 177 15.1 150 15.5 28 73 6.2 56 5.8 11 149 12.7 134 13.9 29 81 6.9 74 7.7 78 102 8.7 129 13.3 30 72 6.1 68 7.0 79 92 7.8 91 9.4 31 84 7.2 80 8.3 80 57 4.9 72 7.5 32 75 6.4 76 7.9 81 64 5.5 56 5.8 33 91 7.8 75 7.8 82 29 2.5 48 4.9 34 93 7.9 65 6.7 83 25 2.1 50 5.2 35 70 6.0 76 7.9 84 20 1.7 28 2.9 36 90 1.1 79 8.2 85 16 1.4 26 2.7 37 109 9.3 84 8.7 86 7 .6 14 1.4 38 118 lO.l 106 11.0 87 3 .3 13 1.3 39 119 10.1 82 8.5 88 2 .2 4 .4 40 108 9.2 96 9.9 89 2 .2 2 .2 41 116 9.9 96 9.9 90 2 .2 3 .3 42 122 10.4 114 11.8 91 1 .1 1 .1 43 139 11.8 106 11.0 92 — 44 121 10.3 120 12.4 93 — 45 145 12.4 118 12.2 94 — 46 160 13.6 121 12.5 95 47 156 13.3 141 14.6 96 — 48 153 13.0 148 15.3 97 — 1 .1 49 165 14.1 157 16.2 50 174 14.8 143 14.8 Total 11,241 958.5 9,892 1,023.3 45 TABLE XX MORTALITY OF NEW ENGI.AND TEXTILE OPERATIVES 1897-1908 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH MALES FEMALES Cause of Death Tuberculosis Heart Diseases Pneumonia Urinary Diseases Accidents Apoplexy and Paralysis. . . . Other Digestive Diseases. . . Other Nervous Diseases. . . . Other Respiratory Diseases Cancer Typhoid Liver Diseases Suicide Alcoholism Old Age All Other Causes Total . Number 1,223 551 512 506 431 379 291 275 264 190 154 124 83 64 60 443 Per Cent, of Total Cause of Death 22.0 9.9 9.2 9.1 7.8 6.8 5.2 5.0 4.8 3.4 2.8 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 8.0 Tuberculosis Heart Diseases Pneumonia Other Digestive Diseases. . Urinary Diseases Other Nervous Diseases. . . Other Respiratory Diseases Apoplexy and Paralysis. . . Typhoid Cancer Accidents Liver Diseases Suicide Alcoholism Old Age All Other Causes 5,550 100.0 Total 2,945 Number 1,007 234 227 179 175 158 127 125 120 110 90 25 22 18 14 314 Per Cent, of Total 34.2 7.9 7.7 6.1 5.9 5.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.7 3.1 .8 .7 .6 .5 10.7 100.0 MORTALITY FROM TUBERCULOSIS MALES FEMALES Ages No. of Deaths All Causes No. of Deaths Tuberculosis Per Cent. Due to Tuberculosis No. of Deaths All Causes No. of Deaths Tuberculosis Per Cent. Due to Tuberculosis 15—24 25—44 45—64 65 and over 879 1,963 1,784 921 304 650 189 22 34.6 33.1 10.6 2.4 1,084 1,205 528 126 487 430 48 7 44.9 35.7 9.1 5.6 AGE AT DEATH MALES FEMALES Ages No. of Deaths Per Cent, of Total No. of Deaths Per Cent, of Total 15—24 25—44 45—64 65 and over Total . . . 879 1,963 1,784 921 5,547 15.8 35.4 32.2 16.6 100.0 1,084 1,205 528 126 2,943 36.8 40.9 17.9 4.4 100.0 MORTALITY BY NATIVITY MALES FEMALES Nativity No. of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Nativity- No. of Deaths Per Cent, of Total American 1,643 1,325 1,003 648 931 5,550 29.6 23.9 18.0 11.7 16.8 100.0 American 1,084 675 515 342 329 2,945 36.8 English Irish 22.9 Irish Canadian 17.5 Canadian English 11.6 Others Others 11.2 Total Total 100.0 46 TABLE XXI FATAL ACCIDENTS IN COAL MINING FATAL ACCIDENTS IN COAL MINING BY STATES 1901-1910 State British Columbia Colorado New Mexico Alabama Washington West Virginia Tennessee Oklahoma Montana Utah Pennsylvania (Anthracite) . Pennsylvania (Bituminous) Illinois Kansas Ohio Michigan Nova Scotia Indiana Maryland Kentucky Iowa Missouri Employees Exposed One Year Number Killed 52,244 117,164 25,172 185,799 51,996 497,021 103,281 80,601 27,208 24,195 1,626,023 1,642,843 601,171 102,986 442,842 26,333 109,503 173,799 58,365 157,136 160,497 91,292 481 983 169 1,142 295 2,681 520 395 114 94 5,681 5,074 1,832 301 1,177 69 269 414 133 344 335 135 Rate per 1,000 Employed 9.21 8.39 6.71 6.15 5.67 5.39 5.03 4.90 4.19 3.89 3.49 3.09 3.05 2.92 2.66 2.62 2.46 2.38 2.28 2.19 2.09 1.48 MORTALITY FROM ACCIDENTS IN COAL MINING IN NORTH AMERICA 1886-1910 Year Number of Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed Year Number of Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed 1886 222,029 514 2.32 1899 421,489 1,250 2.97 1887 230,834 514 2.23 1900 464,235 1,507 3.25 1888 278,175 659 2.37 1901 494,287 1,586 3.21 1889 278,361 681 2.45 1902 530,624 1,849 3.48 1890 301.295 853 2.83 1903 576,365 1,820 3.16 1891 326,684 959 2.94 1904 609,001 2,027 3.33 1892 343,564 883 2.57 1905 643,225 2,186 3.40 1893 384,249 970 2.52 1906 658,880 2,106 3.20 1894 394,146 962 2.44 1907 686,460 2,852 4.15 1895 404,553 1,061 2.62 1908 715,355 2,744 3.84 1896 409,320 1,123 2.74 1909 712,550 2,417 3.39 1897 409,830 956 2.33 1910 730,707 3,051 4.18 1898 407,536 1,056 2.59 47 TABLE XXII FATAL ACCIDENTS IN METALLIFEROUS MINES METAL MINES OF IDAHO METAL MINES OF SOUTH DAKOTA Year Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed Year Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 7,000 6,000 6,000 7,000 7,000 5,500 6,000 6,000 6,500 20 10 20 17 18 10 19 12 15 2.86 1.67 3.33 2.43 2.57 1.83 3.17 2.00 2.31 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 3,500 3,500 3,547 3,720 3,500 3,560 3,286 3,652 3,974 13 8 8 7 6 6 7 6 9 3.71 2.39 2.26 1.88 1.71 1.69 2.13 1.64 2.26 METAL MINES OP COLORADO COPPER MINES OF HOUGHTON CO., MICH. Year Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed Year Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 25,545 29,215 30,231 39,210 40,111 37,260 35,118 32,267 35,376 34,278 34,790 33,014 32,720 20,302 19,568 16,892 97 110 108 103 107 121 82 67 101 109 82 77 64 51 51 43 3.80 3.77 3.57 2.63 2.67 3.25 2.33 2.08 2.86 3.18 2.36 2.33 1.96 2.50 2.60 2.55 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 7,348 7,249 8,170 8,726 10,469 13,057 13,971 13,498 14,130 13,629 14,321 15,355 16,506 17,579 17,224 17,974 16,250 15,361 22 46 19 26 23 27 36 33 44 33 45 58 44 49 58 63 58 51 2.99 6.35 5.23 2.98 2.20 2.07 2.58 2.44 3.11 2.42 3.14 3.78 2.67 2.79 3.37 3.50 3.57 3.32 4S TABLE XXII— Continued FATAL ACCIDENTvS IN METAIvLlFEROUS MINES IRON MINES OF IRON MINES OF DICKINSON CO., MICH. 1 MARQUETTE CO., MICH. Year Employees Number KUled Rate per 1,000 Employed Year Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed 1895 1,987 6 3.02 1897 4,153 17 4.09 1896 2,515 14 5.57 1898 4,389 19 4.33 1897 2,161 10 4.63 1899 5,655 26 4.60 1898 2,470 11 4.45 1900 6,627 24 3.62 1899 2,873 9 3.13 1901 5,200 29 5.58 1900 3,213 19 5.91 1902 5,518 29 5.26 1901 3,467 27 7.79 1903 6,000 23 3.83 1902 3,943 10 2.54 1904 4,024 15 3.73 1903 4,004 16 4.00 1905 5,060 22 4.35 1904 3,048 9 2.95 1906 5,840 22 3.77 1905 3,212 9 2.80 1907 6,744 37 5.49 1906 3,489 15 4.30 1908 5,362 16 2.98 1907 3,392 7 2.06 1909 5,682 23 4.05 1908 2,445 4 1.64 1910 6,546 29 4.43 1909 2,649 2 .76 1911 6,385 32 5.01 1910 3,104 9 2.90 1911 2,683 3 1.12 LI SAD AND i 5INC MI]V ms METAL MINES OF MISS OURI MONTANA Year Employees Number Killed Rate per 1,000 Employed Year Employees Number KUled Rate per 1,000 Employed 1894 5,065 17 3.36 1894 7,082 27 3.81 1895 6,214 23 3.70 1895 8,758 41 4.68 1896 4,906 13 2.65 1896 7,727 64 8 28 1897 6,364 16 2.51 1897 9,825 52 5.29 1898 7,609 29 3.81 1898 11,096 48 4.33 1899 10,997 27 2.46 1899 12,316 49 3.98 1900 11,583 52 4.49 1900 13,996 47 3.36 1901 10,989 41 3.73 1901 12,078 35 2.90 1902 11,358 14 1.23 1902 13,784 47 3.41 1903 12,405 17 1.37 1903 14,175 39 2.75 1904 13,608 30 2.20 1904 14,480 41 2.83 1905 12,456 49 3.93 1905 14,680 48 3.27 1906 13,243 58 4.38 1906 15,000 52 3.47 1907 15,048 42 2.79 1907 15,500 42 2.71 1908 16,300 46 2.88 1908 14,500 21 1.45 1909 17,532 64 3.65 1909 14,500 47 3.24 1910 15,903 45 2.83 1910 14,000 51 3.64 1911 14,000 35 2.50 49 TABLE XXII— Concluded PRINCIPAL CAUSEvS OF FATAL ACCIDENTS IN METALLIFEROUS MINES IDAHO SOUTH DAKOTA Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Falls of Roof 46 32 27 36 141 32.6 22.7 19.1 25.6 100.0 Falls of Roof Use of Explosives. . . . Falling Down Shafts, etc 16 10 6 4 36 44.4 Use of Explosives Falling Down Shafts, etc 27.8 16.7 Other Accidents Total Other Accidents Total 11.1 100.0 COLORADO MARQUETTE CO., MICHIGAN Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Percent, of Total Use of Explosives Falls of Roof 330 297 274 480 1,381 23.9 21.5 19.8 34.8 100.0 Falls of Roof Falling Down Shafts, etc 87 43 22 67 219 39.7 Falling Down Shafts, etc 19.6 Use of Explosives. . . . Other Accidents Total 10.0 Other Accidents Total 30.7 100.0 DICKINSON CO., MICH. MONTANA Cause Number of Deaths Percent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Percent, of Total Falls of Roof 61 28 19 12 40 160 38.1 17.5 11.9 7.5 25.0 100.0 Falls of Roof Falling Down Shafts, etc 209 179 127 177 692 30.2 Falling Down Shafts, etc 25.9 Use of Explosives Gas Explosions Other Accidents Total Use of Explosives. . . . Other Accidents Total 18.4 25.5 100.0 MISSOURI Cause Falls of Roof._ Use of Explosives Falling Down Shafts, etc Struck by Falling Objects in Shaft Other Accidents Total Number of Deaths 211 105 81 55 75 527 Per Cent, of Total 40.0 19.9 15.4 10.4 14.3 100.0 SO TABLE XXIII MORTALITY OF COPPER MINERS, BUTTE, MONT., 1907-1911 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY DIVISIONAL PERIODS OF LIFE Ages 15 to 24 Ages 25 to 44 Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Accidents 34 9 7 6 27 83 41.0 10.8 8.4 7.2 32.6 100.0 Tuberculosis 176 143 80 39 179 617 28 5 Tuberculosis Accidents 23.2 Homicides Pneumonia 13.0 Pneumonia Heart Diseases 6.3 Other Causes Other Causes 29.0 Total Total 100.0 Ages 45 to 64 Ages 65 and over Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Tuberculosis Pneumonia 155 50 39 38 29 133 444 35.0 11.3 8.8 8.6 6.6 29.7 100.0 Other RespiratoryDiseases Pneumonia 18 8 8 7 7 6 18 72 25.0 11.1 Heart Diseases Heart Diseases Tuberculosis 11.1 Accidents 9.7 Urinary Diseases Old Age 9 7 Other Causes . Apoplexy and Paralysis . . Other Causes 8.3 25.0 Total Total 100.0 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY FROM TUBERCULOSIS, AGES 25 TO 44 American Born. Foreign Born. . . Total Deaths All Causes 161 440 Deaths Due to Tuberculosis 40 130 Per Cent. Due to Tuberculosis 24.8 29.5 AGE AT DEATH NATIVITY Ages Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Country of Birth Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total 15—24 25—44 83 618 443 72 1,216 6.9 50.6 36.5 6.0 100.0 Ireland United States 449 290 190 54 48 40 24 125 1,220 36.8 23.8 45—64 65 and over Total . . . England Finland Canada Austria Italy Others Total 15.6 4.4 3.9 3.3 2.0 10.2 100.0 51 TABLE XXIII— Concluded AVERAGE AGE AT DEATH, AGE 20 AND OVER MORTALITY FROM MORTALITY FROM MORTALITY FROM MORTALITY FROM rUBERCULOSIS ACCIDENTS TUBERCULOSIS ACCIDENTS Age No. of Aggregate No. of Aggregate Age No. of Aggregate No. of Aggregate Deaths Years of Life Deaths Years of Life Deaths Years of Life Deaths Years of Life 20 1 20 49 9 441 4 196 21 5 105 50 16 800 4 200 22 2 44 8 176 51 8 408 1 51 23 1 23 6 138 52 10 520 3 156 24 4 96 10 240 53 5 265 2 116 25 5 125 8 200 54 10 540 — — 26 1 26 4 104 55 5 275 — — 27 2 54 8 216 56 10 560 — — 2S 7 196 16 448 57 3 171 — — 29 5 145 7 203 58 4 232 — — 30 3 90 14 420 59 3 177 — 31 7 217 4 124 60 5 300 1 60 32 7 224 15 480 61 — — — — 33 9 297 8 264 62 4 248 — — 34 12 408 6 204 63 4 252 — — 35 11 385 6 210 64 64 — — 36 9 324 6 216 65 65 — — 37 11 407 7 259 66 — — — — 38 12 456 8 304 67 67 — — 39 11 429 4 156 68 — — 2 136 40 15 600 8 320 69 69 1 69 41 11 451 4 164 70 70 1 70 42 18 756 4 168 71 — — — — 43 14 502 3 129 72 — — — — 44 5 220 2 88 73 — — — — 45 21 945 7 315 74 2 148 — — 46 11 506 5 230 75 1 75 1 75 47 9 423 3 141 48 17 816 7 336 Total 344 14,912 Average Age 43.4 214 7,507 35.1 52 TABLE XXIV MORTAUTY OF METAL MINERS, UTAH, 1911 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY BY DIVISIONAL PERIODS OF LIFE Ages 15 to 24 Ages 25 to 44 Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Accidents. 12 2 6 20 60.0 10.0 30.0 100.0 Accidents 44 21 12 25 102 43.1 Typhoid Tuberculosis 20.6 Other Causes Pneumonia Other Causes 11.8 24.5 Total Total 100.0 Ages 45 to 64 Ages 65 and over. Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Tuberculosis 16 10 9 7 5 28 75 21.3 13.3 12.0 9.3 6.7 37.4 100.0 Heart Diseases Old Age 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 10 26 11.5 Accidents 11.5 Heart Diseases Urinary Diseases Apoplexy 1.1 Pneumonia 1.1 Urinary Diseases Rheumatism Other RespiratoryDiseases Cancer Other Causes 1.1 Other Causes 1.1 1.1 38.5 Total Total 100.0 PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY FROM TUBERCULOSIS, AGES 25 TO 44 American Born. Foreign Born. . . Deaths from All Causes Deaths from Tuberculosis 32 64 6 15 Per Cent. Due to Tuberculosis 18.8 23.4 AGE AT DEATH NATIVITY Ages -24 44 15- 25- 45—64 65 and over Total Number of Deaths 20 102 75 25 222 Per Cent, of Total 9.0 45.7 33.6 11.7 100.0 Country of Birth United States . . . . England Ireland Finland Austria Italy Sweden Greece Japan Others Total Number of Deaths 70 34 18 17 13 12 12 8 5 35 224 Per Cent, of Total 31.2 15.2 8.0 7.6 5.8 5.4 5.4 3.6 2.2 15.6 100.0 53 TABLE XXIV— Concluded AVERAGE AGE AT DEATH, AGE 20 AND OVER MORTALITY FROM MORTALITY FROM MORTALITY FROM MORTALITY FROM TUBERCULOSIS ACCIDENTS TUBERCULOSIS ACCIDENTS Age No. of Aggregate No of Aggregate Age No. of Aggregate No. of Aggregate Deaths Years of Life Deaths Years of Life Deaths Years of Life Deaths Years of Lite 21 2 42 48 2 96 22 4 88 49 1 49 1 49 23 2 46 50 1 50 — — 24 1 24 51 — — 25 9 225 52 — 1 52 26 1 26 3 78 53 2 106 — — 27 — 1 27 54 — — — — 28 — 2 56 55 2 110 — — 29 1 29 4 116 56 — — — — 30 — 2 60 57 2 114 1 57 31 2 62 5 155 58 — — — — 32 1 32 3 96 59 1 59 — — 33 — — — — 60 1 60 1 60 34 — — 2 68 61 1 61 — — 35 36 37 2 70 3 105 62 63 64 — — — — 2 74 1 64 38 39 40 1 38 3 114 65 66 67 — — 1 65 1 40 5 200 41 42 43 2 82 — — 68 69 70 — — — — 2 86 2 86 44 3 132 — — 71 — — — — 45 2 90 2 90 72 — — — — 46 2 92 — — 73 — — — — 47 1 47 1 47 74 1 74 — — Total 35 1,583 Average Age 45.2 64 2,166 33.8 54 TABLE XXV MORTALITY OF THE CHICAGO POLICE FORCE (ACTIVE UNIFORMED FORCE) MORTALITY BY YEARS, 1885-1910 Year Force Deaths from Accidents and Homicides Rate per 1,000 Deaths from All Causes Rate per 1,000 1885 920 3 3.26 8 8.70 1886 1,066 7 6.57 16 15.01 1887 1,126 5 4.44 21 18.65 1888 1,241 1 .81 9 7.25 1889 1,611 2 1.24 8 4.97 1890 1,881 2 1.06 18 9.57 1891 2,208 2 .90 31 14.04 1892 2,693 5 1.86 24 8.91 1893 3,251 3 .93 27 "8.31 1894 3,145 6 1.91 26 8.27 1895 2,835 4 1.41 25 8.82 1896 2,841 — — 12 4.22 1897 3,081 — — 14 4.54 1898 2,834 5 1.76 35 12.35 1899 2.816 3 1.07 38 13.49 1900 2,849 2 .70 25 8.78 1901 2,782 5 1.80 39 14.02 1902 2,732 10 3.66 45 16.47 1903 2,773 5 1.80 32 11.54 1904 2,676 5 1.87 40 14.95 1905 2,590 9 3.47 35 13.51 1906 3,578 3 .84 33 9.22 1907 4,115 7 1.71 41 9.96 1908 4,293 6 1.40 48 11.18 1909 4,288 6 1.40 42 9.79 1910 4,260 4 .93 48 11.27 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH, 1901-1910 (Force Exposed One Year, 34,087) Cause of Death Number of Deaths Rate per 10,000 Accidents and Homicides. Pneumonia Heart Diseases Tuberculosis Urinary Diseases Digestive Diseases Suicides 60 53 50 44 34 22 16 17.6 15.5 14.7 12.9 10.0 6.5 4.7 MORTALITY BY AGE, 1901-1910 Ages Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Age Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total 15—24 25—34 35—44 1 45 138 0.2 11.2 34.3 45—54 55—64 65 and over Total . . . 158 52 8 402 39.3 12.9 2.0 100.0 55 TABLE XXVI MORTALITY OF WEAVERS IN NEW ENGLAND, 1897-190 3 AGE AT DEATH Ages MALES FEMALES Number Per Cent, of Total Number Per Cent, of Total 15-24 25-44 45-64 65 and over Total .... 83 358 310 131 882 9.4 40.6 35.1 14.9 100.0 89 199 134 27 449 19.8 44.4 29.8 6.0 100.0 MORTALITY BY NATIVITY MALES FEMALES Nativity- Number of Deaths Percent, of Total Nativity Number of Deaths Percent, of Total English American. 273 166 142 120 183 884 30.9 18.8 16.1 13.6 20.6 100.0 Irish American English Canadian 104 102 102 85 57 450 23.1 22.7 Canadian German 22.7 18.9 All Others All Others 12.6 Total Total 100.0 MORTALITY BY PRINCIPAL CAUSES MALES FEMALES Cause Number of Deaths Percent, of Total Cause Number of Deaths PerCent. of Total Tuberculosis 194 86 83 75 66 56 50 42 232 884 21.9 9.7 9.4 8.5 7.5 6.3 5.7 4.8 26.2 100.0 Tuberculosis Pneumonia Heart Diseases 110 41 37 32 30 30 28 24 118 450 24.4 Accidents Urinary Diseases Heart Diseases 9.1 8.2 Cancer 7.1 Pneumonia Apoplexy and Paralysis. . . Urinary Diseases 6.7 Apoplexy and Paralysis. . . Other Digestive Diseases. . Other Respiratory Diseases All Other Causes 6.7 Other Digestive Diseases . . Other Nervous Diseases. . . All Other Causes 6.2 5.3 26.3 Total Total ; 100.0 56 TABLE XXVII MORTALITY OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY (REGULAR AND VOLUNTEER) PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH, 1906-1910 (Enlisted Men Only. Mean Strength Exposed One Year, 328,249) Cause Number of Deaths Rate per 10.000 Accidents 509 168 144 134 123 116 85 15.5 Suicides 5.1 Tuberculosis 4.4 Respiratory Diseases 4.1 Digestive Diseases 3.7 Circulatory Diseases 3.5 Homicides 2.6 DEATH RATE PER 1,000 MEAN STRENGTH. 1886-1910 (Officers and Enlisted Men) Year Mean Strength Deaths from Injuries Rate per 1,000 Deaths from All Causes Rate per 1,000 1886 26,095 80 3.07 230 8.82 1887 26,365 65 2.47 214 8.12 1888 26,739 55 2.06 218 8.15 1889 27,333 65 2.38 173 6.33 1890 26,684 92 3.45 232 8.69 1891 26,460 80 3.02 213 8.05 1892 26,861 56 2.08 173 6.44 1893 27,659 80 2.89 191 6.91 1894 27,674 59 2.13 185 6.69 1895 27,326 44 1.61 141 5.16 1896 27,183 44 1.62 148 5.44 1897 27,374 54 1.97 140 5.11 1898 147,795 446 3.02 4,136 27.99 1899 105,546 704 6.67 1,945 18.43 1900 100,389 698 6.95 2,283 22.74 1901 92,491 403 4.36 1,289 13.94 1902 80,778 219 2.71 1,251 15.49 1903 67,643 154 2.28 629 9.30 1904 63,954 185 2.89 433 6.77 1905 62,295 171 2.75 391 6.28 1906 62,282 172 2.76 376 6.04 1907 58,659 133 2.27 330 5.63 1908 71,435 185 2.59 433 6.06 1909 79,682 145 1.82 388 4.87 1910 76,230 149 1.95 335 4.39 MORTALITY BY LOCATION, 1906-1910 (Enlisted Men Only) Locality Mean Strength Exposed 1 Year Deaths Rate per 1.000 Philippine Islands. United States .... Cuba Alaska On Transports.. . . Hawaii 62,017 239,333 11,187 5,178 7,478 3,033 458 1,206 51 24 33 9 7.4 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.4 3.0 57 TABLE XXVIII MORTALITY OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY AND MARINE CORPS PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF DEATH, 1909 AND 1910 (Mean Strength Exposed to Risk One Year, 115,512) Number oi Rate per Deaths 10,000 Accidents 234 85 20.3 Tuberculosis . . . 7.4 Respiratory Diseases .... 66 5.7 Circulatory Diseases 40 3.5 Suicides 37 32 3.2 Digestive Diseases 2.8 Genito-XJrinary Diseases 31 2.7 Nervous Diseases 31 2.7 Typhoid 27 2.3 Alcoholism 13 1.1 MORTALITY BY YEARS, 1885-1910 Deaths from Year Mean Strength Accidents and Violence Rate per 1,000 AU Causes Rate per 1,000 1885 9,191 19 2.07 109 11.85 1886 9,188 24 2.61 109 11.86 1887 9,618 23 2.39 99 10.29 1888 9,955 26 2.61 123 12.35 1889 11,219 79 7.04 203 18.09 1890 11,768 20 1.70 106 9.00 1891 11,501 19 1.65 91 7.91 1892 11,196 33 2.95 100 8.93 1893 12,109 22 1.82 89 7.34 1894 12,520 29 2.32 122 9.74 1895 13,191 13 .99 90 6.82 1896 14,196 10 .70 78 5.49 1897 15,734 21 1.33 88 5.59 1898 23,986 309 12.88 433 18.05 1899 20,189 54 2.67 153 7.35 1900 23,756 88 3.70 211 8.88 1901 26,873 46 1.71 166 6.18 1902 31,240 76 2.43 211 6.75 1903 37,248 58 1.56 224 6.01 1904 40,555 113 2.79 246 6.06 1905 41,313 146 3.53 268 6.48 1906 42,529 85 2.00 241 5.66 1907 46,336 94 2.03 263 5.67 1908 52,913 106 2.00 305 5.76 1909 57,172 106 1.85 286 5.00 1910 58,340 140 2.40 363 6.22 S8 TABLE XXIX MORTALITY OF THE NEW YORK CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT (ACTIVE UNIFORMED FORCE) MORTALITY BY RANK, 1902-1911 Rank Exposed One Year Deaths from Accident Rate per 1,000 Deaths from Other Causes Rate per 1,000 Chiefs, of battalion, etc . Foremen 713 5,491 27,370 3,958 6 11 67 3 8.4 2.0 2.4 .8 5 37 133 22 7.0 6.7 Firemen 4.9 Engineers 5.5 MORTALITY BY YEARS, 1900-1911 Force Deaths from Rate per Deaths from Rate per Accident 1,000 All Causes 1,000 1900 2,515 6 2.39 19 7.55 1901 2,425 8 3.30 28 11.54 1902 2,609 7 2.68 24 9.20 1903 2,970 5 1.68 24 8.08 1904 3,285 11 3.35 35 10.65 1905 3,549 10 2.82 34 9.58 1906 3,762 9 2.39 22 5.85 1907 4,114 11 2.67 40 9.72 1908 4,213 13 3.09 27 6.41 1909 4,310 5 1.16 28 6.50 1910 4,322 10 2.31 31 7.17 1911 4,392 6 1.37 19 4.33 MORTALITY FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES, 1902-1911 (Force Exposed to Risk One Year, 37,526) Number of Rate per Deaths 10,000 87 23.2 35 9.3 26 6.9 20 5.3 18 4.8 14 3.7 Accidents Pneumonia , Tuberculosis Urinary Diseases. . ; Heart Diseases Other Digestive Diseases SQ TABLE XXX THE LIFE-SAVING SERVICE AGE DIvSTRIBUTlON OF KEEPERS, AGE DISTRIBUTION OF SURFMEN, JAN. 1, 1910 JAN. 1, 1910 Ages Number Per Cent, of Total Ages Number Per Cent, of Total 25-34 6 2.2 15-24 156 8.1 35-44 63 23.6 25-34 657 34.2 45-54 106 39.8 35-44 626 32.6 55-64 70 26.2 45-54 356 18.5 65 and over 22 8.2 55-64 114 5.9 65 and over 14 .7 Total . . 267 100.0 Total . . 1,923 100.0 Average age, 51 years Average age, 38 years ACCIDENT MORTALITY, 1880-1910 Year Force Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 1880 1,167 6 5.14 1881 1,354 5 3.69 1882 1,409 — — 1883 1,439 — — 1884 1,516 — — 1885 1,538 1 .65 1886 1,537 4 2.60 1887 1,556 9 6.43 1888 1,626 — — 1889 1,656 — — 1890 1,700 1 .59 1891 1,757 7 3.98 1892 1,812 3 1.66 1893 1,829 6 3.28 1894 1,871 2 1.07 1895 1,912 1 .52 1896 1,951 — — 1897 1,982 — — 1898 2,023 1 .49 1899 2,037 1 .49 1900 2,039 — — 1901 2,058 1 .49 1902 2,091 8 3.83 1903 2,108 1 .47 1904 2,092 3 1.43 1905 2,137 1 .47 1906 2,160 — — 1907 2,168 — — 1908 2,168 — — 1909 2,185 — — 1910 2,204 1 .45 6o TABLE XXXI FATAL ACCIDENTS TO RAILWAY EMPLOYEES ACCIDENT MORTALITY 1890-1909 RAILWAY TRAINMEN ALL RAILWAY EMPLOYEES Year Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 1890 153,235 1,459 9.52 749,301 2,451 3.27 1891 160,138 1,533 9.57 784,285 2,660 3.39 1892 169,260 1,503 8.88 821,415 2,554 3.11 1893 179,636 1,567 8.72 873,602 2,727 3.12 1894 160,033 1,029 6.43 779,608 1,823 2.34 1895 157,731 1,017 6.45 785,034 1,811 2.31 1896 162,876 1,073 6.59 826,620 1,861 2.25 1897 161,397 976 6.05 823,476 1,693 2.06 1898 170,708 1,141 6.68 874,558 1,958 2.24 1899 178,851 1,155 6.46 928,924 2,210 2.38 1900 191,198 1,396 7.30 1,017,653 2,550 2.51 1901 209,043 1,537 7.35 1,071,169 2,675 2.50 1902 225,422 1,674 7.43 1,189,315 2,969 2.50 1903 253,660 2,070 8.16 1,312,537 3,606 2.75 1904 253,834 2,114 8.33 1,296,121 3,632 2.80 1905 265,175 1,990 7.50 1,382,196 3,361 2.43 1906 285,556 2,310 8.09 1,521,355 3,929 2.58 1907 317,808 2,537 7.98 1,672,074 4,534 2.71 1908 276,785 1,842 6.65 1,436,275 3,405 2.37 1909 275,794 1,344 4.87 1,502,823 2,610 1.74 ACCIDENT MORTALITY BY OCCUPATION GROUPS, 1901-1909 Occupation Employees Exposed One Year Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Trainmen 2,363,077 433,812 3,100,038 2,270,840 2,473,420 302,364 1,440,314 17,418 1,569 5,724 4,185 1,318 118 389 7.37 Switchmen and Crossing Tenders . . Trackmen Miscellaneous Employees 3.62 1.85 1.84 Shopmen .53 Operators and Despatchers Station Men .39 .27 CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS TO TRAINMEN. 1901-1909 (EMPLOYEES EXPOSED ONE YEAR, 2,363,077) Cause Fatal Accidents Rate per 10,000 Falls from Trains 3,710 3,202 3,104 1,974 1,874 1,624 943 634 199 154 15.7 Collisions 13.6 Struck by Trains 13.1 Derailments 8.4 Coupling or Uncoupling 7.9 Other Movements of Trains 6.9 Jumping On or Off 4.0 Overhead Obstructions 2.7 Breaking Down of Equipment .8 Parting of Trains .7 6i TABLE XXXII ACCIDENTS IN THE RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE, 1878-1911 Year Force Seriously- Injured Rate per 1,000 KUled Rate per 1,000 1878 2,608 15 5.75 2 0.77 1879 2,609 14 5.37 3 1.15 1880 2,946 14 4.75 — 1881 3,177 15 4.72 7 2.20 1882 3,570 16 4.48 3 .84 1883 3,855 35 9.08 1 .26 1884 3,963 28 7.07 7 1.77 1885 4,387 35 7.98 2 .46 1886 4,573 56 12.25 — — 1887 4,851 45 9.28 5 1.03 1888 5,094 63 12.37 4 .79 1889 5,448 95 17.44 10 1.84 1890 5,836 41 7.03 4 .69 1891 6,032 68 11.27 13 2.16 1892 6,417 60 9.35 5 .78 1893 6,645 66 9.93 10 1.50 1894 6,856 48 7.00 4 .58 1895 7,045 50 7.10 7 .99 1896 7,408 47 6.34 5 .67 1897 7,573 33 4.36 14 1.85 1898 7,999 34 4.25 7 .88 1899 8,388 50 5.96 6 .72 1900 8,695 57 6.56 4 .46 1901 8,978 63 7.02 7 .78 1902 9,485 88 9.28 9 .95 1903 10,262 78 7.60 22 2.14 1904 11,270 90 7.99 21 1.86 1905 12,110 125 10.32 12 .99 1906 13,317 77 5.78 17 1.28 1907 14,357 125 8.70 21 1.46 1908 14,680 104 7.08 6 .41 1909 15,401 93 6.04 15 .97 1910 16,108 98 6.08 27 1.68 1911 16,359 78 4.77 12 .73 62 TABLE XXXni FATAIv ACCIDENTS IN ANTHRACITE COAL MINES OF PENNSYLVANIA FATAL ACCIDENTS BY YEARS, 1886-1910 Year Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Year Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 1886 103,044 279 2.71 1899 140,604 461 3.28 1887 106,517 316 2.97 1900 143,824 411 2.86 1888 122,218 364 2.98 1901 147,651 513 3.47 1889 119,964 397 3.32 1902 148,139 300 2.03 1890 119,919 378 3.15 1903 151,827 518 3.41 1891 123,308 428 3.47 1904 161,330 595 3.69 1892 130,300 418 3.21 1905 168,254 644 3.83 1893 138,069 456 3.30 1906 166,175 557 3.35 1894 139,939 446 3.19 1907 168,774 708 4.20 1895 143,705 421 2.93 1908 147,503 678 3.88 1896 150,088 502 3.34 1909 171,195 567 3.31 1897 149,557 423 2.83 1910 168,175 601 3.57 1898 142,420 411 2.89 NORTHERN ANTHRACITE COAL FIELD, 1906-1910 Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Inside of Mines 357,627 1,694 4.74 Outside of Mines 117,714 210 1.78 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS Cause Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Falls of Coal or Roof Mine Cars 357,627 357,627 117,714 357,627 117,714 357,627 357,627 357,627 878 260 83 197 56 135 52 52 2.46 .73 Outside Cars .71 Premature Blasts .55 Machinery .48 Explosions of Gas .38 Falls into Shafts .15 Explosions of Powder .15 MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COAL FIELDS, 1906-1910 Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Inside of Mines 244,267 958 3.92 Outside of Mines 129,214 249 1.93 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS Cause Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Falls of Coal or Roof 244,267 129,214 244,267 129,214 244,267 244,267 244,267 244.267 406 102 148 70 102 60 57 52 1.66 Outside Cars .79 Mine Cars .61 Machinery .54 Premature Blasts .42 Explosions of Powder .25 Explosions of Gas .23 Falls into Shafts .21 63 TABLE XXXIV I^ATAIv ACCIDENTS IN BITUMINOUS COAL MINES OE PENNSYLVANIA FATAL ACCIDENTS BY YEARS, 1886-1910 Year Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 Year Employees Fatal Accidents Rate per 1,000 1886 52,364 74 1.41 1899 91,505 258 2.82 1887 57,868 84 2.14 1900 108,735 265 2.44 1888 61,565 90 1.46 1901 117,501 301 2.56 1889 62,084 105 1.69 1902 135,611 456 3.36 1890 67,383 146 2.17 1903 151,745 402 2.65 1891 74,135 237 3.20 1904 155,747 536 3.44 1892 78,805 134 1.70 1905 164,941 479 2.90 1893 81,872 131 1.60 1906 172,928 477 2.76 1894 86,118 123 1.50 1907 183,121 806 4.40 1895 84,976 156 1.84 1908 181,840 572 3.15 1896 83,801 180 2.15 1909 185,921 506 2.72 1897 86,553 150 1.73 1910 193,488 539 2.79 1898 87,803 200 2.28 PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF FATAL ACCIDENTS, 1906-1910 (Inside Employees Exposed One Year, 756,864. Outside Employees Exposed One Year, 160,434) Cause Rate per 1,000 Employed INSIDE OF MINES Falls of Coal and Roof Explosions of Gas Mine Cars Electricity Falls into Shafts, etc OUTSIDE OF MINES By Cars By Machinery 64 XXXV MORTALITY OF PRINCIPAIv AMERICAN CITIES, 1870-1911* ALL CITIES Year Number of Cities Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 1870 24 4,396,977 111,763 25.5 1871 27 4,628,541 112,077 24.2 1872 27 4,767,363 136,391 28.6 1873 29 5,088,802 134,107 26.4 1874 31 5,307,751 128,814 24.3 1875 34 5,635,332 140,848 25.0 1876 35 5,953,021 147,871 24.8 1877 36 6,206,230 140,561 22.6 1878 36 6,485,760 143,126 22.1 1879 40 6,813,732 141,731 20.8 1880 40 7,008,002 157,319 22.4 1881 41 7,313,567 183,473 25.1 1882 41 7,575,511 185,205 24.4 1883 42 7,974,977 181,011 22.7 1884 44 8,399,294 185,952 22.1 1885 43 8,564,277 186,231 21.7 1886 45 9,095,319 195,285 21.5 1887 45 9,456,309 210,267 22.2 1888 45 9,822,203 215,755 22.0 1889 44 10,004,338 209,388 20.9 1890 49 ll,09i;587 241,335 21.8 1891 50 11,631,838 260,770 22.4 1892 50 12,085,103 265,001 21.9 1893 49 12,139,110 259,788 21.4 1894 48 12,358,779 243,640 19.7 1895 49 12,885,379 255,741 19.8 1896 49 13,223,743 251,951 19.1 1897 49 13,561,973 241,962 17.8 1898 49 13,907,562 246,566 17.7 1899 50 14,356,511 260,598 18.2 1900 50 14,828,490 278,604 18.8 1901 50 15,223,741 270,445 17.8 1902 50 15,619,027 270,202 17.3 1903 50 16,014,314 280,487 17.5 1904 50 16,409,602 293,999 17.9 1905 50 16,821,619 286,872 17.1 1906 50 17,293,824 300,726 17.4 1907 50 17,765,672 312,335 17.6 1908 50 18,238,246 294,510 16.1 1909 50 18,710,462 295,656 15.8 1910 50 19,182,690 315,654 16.5 1911 50 19,654,880 307,300 15.6 *Chart 35 based on this table is exhibited in Group I of the Exhibition. 65 XXXV— Continued MORTALITY OF PRINCIPAI. AMERICAN CITIES, 1870-1911 NORTHERN AND WESTERN CITIES Year 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 Number of Cities 20 22 22 24 26 29 28 29 29 32 32 33 33 34 36 35 37 37 37 36 40 41 41 40 39 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 Population 3,861,014 4,031,105 4,159,462 4,470,407 4,678,832 4,995,860 5,107,470 5,346,134 5,611,089 5,881,853 6,060,740 6,338,442 6,572,530 6,944,091 7,340,474 7,477,493 7,990,562 8,313,509 8,651,349 8,805,400 9,703,393 10,217,061 10,643,673 10,670,993 10,863,821 11,363,544 11,674,953 11,986,150 12,304,628 12,726,382 13,170,694 13,537,184 13,903,688 14,270,201 14,636,714 15,019,955 15,463,383 15,906,454 16,350,251 16,793,690 17,237,139 17,680,558 Deaths 94,106 94,685 118,405 113,967 110,040 123,064 122,888 114,914 113,833 118,397 132,848 156,351 158,934 152,433 158,031 159,071 167,965 183,285 187,985 182,041 206,943 226,275 229,020 225,167 210,514 220,314 217,066 209,553 212,716 224,039 241,940 235,223 234,945 245,052 256,571 249,572 263,412 272,593 256,925 259,133 276,117 268,345 Rate per 1,000 24.4 23.5 28.5 25.5 23.5 24.6 24.1 21.5 20.3 20.1 21.9 24.7 24.2 22.0 21.5 21.3 21.0 22.0 21.7 20.7 21.3 22.1 21.5 21.1 19.4 19.4 18.6 17.5 17.3 17.6 18.4 17.4 16.9 17.2 17.5 16.6 17.0 17.1 15.7 15.4 16.0 15.2 66 r Table XXXV — Concluded MORTAIylTY OF PRINCIPAI. AMERICAN CITIES, 1870-1911 SOUTHERN CITIES Year Numbei of Cities White Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 Colored Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 1870 4 406,632 11,958 29.4 129,331 5,699 44.1 1871 5 442,148 11,441 25.9 155,288 5,951 38.3 1872 5 449,376 11,832 26.3 158,525 6,154 38.8 1873 5 457,324 12,895 28.2 161,071 7,245 45.0 1874 5 464,913 12,185 26.2 164,006 6.589 40.2 1875 5 472,502 11,341 24.0 166,970 6,443 38.5 1876 7 607,313 15,172 25.0 238,238 9,811 41.2 1877 7 617,269 15,360 24.9 242,827 10,287 42.4 1878 7 627,225 19,303 30.8 247,446 9,990 40.4 1879 8 663,101 13,991 21.1 268,778 9,343 34.8 1880 8 674,144 14,551 21.6 273,118 9,920 36.3 1881 8 694,216 16,300 23.5 280,909 10,822 38.5 1882 8 714,293 15,416 21.6 288,688 10,855 37.6 1883 8 734,371 16,965 23.1 296,515 11,613 39.2 1884 8 754,449 16,559 21.9 304,371 11,362 37.3 1885 8 774,527 16,234 21.0 312,257 10,926 35.0 1886 8 784,605 16,071 20.5 320,152 11,249 35.1 1887 8 814,683 15,983 19.6 328,117 10,999 33.5 1888 8 834,761 16,775 20.1 336,093 10,995 32.7 1889 8 854,839 16,470 19.3 344,099 10,877 31.6 1890 9 1,007,374 21,295 21.1 380,820 13,097 34.4 1891 9 1,026,793 21,386 20.8 387,984 13,109 33.8 1892 9 1,046,213 22,570 21.6 395,217 13,411 33.9 1893 9 1,065,634 21,344 20.0 402,483 13,277 33.0 1894 9 1,085,056 20,256 18.7 409;902 12,870 31.4 1895 9 1,104,478 21,747 19.7 417,357 13,680 32.8 1896 9 1,123,901 21,179 18.8 424,889 13,706 32.3 1897 9 1,143,326 20,069 17.6 432,497 12,340 28.5 1898 9 1,162,753 20,632 17.7 440,181 13,218 29.9 1899 9 1,182,180 22,303 18.9 447,949 14,256 31.8 1900 9 1,201,607 21,943 18.3 456,189 14,721 32.3 1901 9 1,224,958 21,551 17.6 461,599 13,671 29.6 1902 9 1,248,310 21,293 17.1 467,029 13,964 29.9 1903 9 1,271,662 21,680 17.0 472,451 13,755 29.1 1904 9 1,295,015 22,729 17.6 477,873 14,699 30.8 1905 9 1,318,370 22,736 17.2 483,294 14,564 30.1 1906 9 1,341,727 22,724 16.9 488,714 14,590 29.9 1907 9 1,365,084 24,088 17.6 494,134 14,654 29.7 1908 9 1,388,441 22,815 16.4 499,554 14,770 29.6 1909 9 1,411,798 22,413 15.9 504,974 14,110 27.9 1910 9 1,435,156 23,925 16.7 510,395 15,612 30.6 1911 9 1,458,507 23,333 16.0 515,815 15,622 30.3 67 TABLE XXXVI PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DECENDENTS BY WEIGHT AND AGE GROUPS* MALES Ages 15 to 24 Ages 25 to 44 Ages 65 and Over Weight (pounds) Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total 70- 79 4 Ol 80- 89 4 .1 90- 99 6 .1 1 — 100-109 30 .7 15 Ol 9 01 110-119 151 3.5 117 .8 47 .7 120-129 518 12.1 678 4.7 193 2.9 130-139 922 21.5 1,984 13.7 642 9.7 140-149 1,066 24.8 2,745 19.0 1,134 17.2 150-159 772 18.0 2,812 19.5 1,173 17.8 160-169 471 11.0 2,442 16.9 1,074 16.3 170-179 200 4.7 1,513 105 757 11.5 180-189 91 2.1 956 6.7 648 9.8 190-199 35 .8 557 3.9 393 6.0 200-209 12 .3 293 2.0 226 3.4 210-219 5 .1 168 1.2 165 2.5 220-229 3 .1 89 .6 90 1.4 230-239 — — 46 .3 38 .6 240-249 — — 19 .1 11 .2 250-259 — — 7 — 2 — 260-269 — — 1 — 3 .1 Total 4,290 100.0 14,443 100.0 6,605 100.0 FEMALES Ages 15 to 24 Ages 25 to 44 Ages 65 i ind Over Weight (pounds) Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total 70- 79 1 80- 89 3 03 5 02 2 Ol 90- 99 16 1.4 38 1.2 6 .4 100-109 111 9.7 206 6.5 63 4.7 110-119 282 24.7 493 15.6 84 6.2 120-129 302 26.4 664 21.0 163 12.1 130-139 247 21.6 604 19.1 in 16.9 140-149 105 9.2 417 13.2 187 13.9 150-159 42 3.7 282 8.9 199 14.8 160-169 20 1.7 214 6.8 168 12.5 170-179 12 1.0 104 3.3 97 7.2 180-189 — — 78 2.5 88 6.5 190-199 2 .2 34 1.1 39 2.9 200-209 — — 18 .6 17 1.3 210-219 1 .1 4 .1 4 .3 220-229 — — 1 — 1 .1 230-239 — — 1 — — — Total 1,143 100.0 3,164 100.0 1,345 100.0 ♦Charts 36 to 41 are exhibited in Group IV of the Exhibition 68 TABLE XXXVII PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DECEDENTS BY HEIGHT, WEIGHT AND RELATIVE WEIGHT HEIGHT WEIGHT Males i Females 1 Males Females Height (inches) Weight Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. (pounds) Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total 48 1 160-169 4,007 15.8 402 7.1 49 ■ ■ 170-179 2,485 9.8 215 3.8 50 1 ■ — . 180-189 1,703 6.7 166 2.9 51 1 ■ 190-199 991 3.9 75 1.3 52 1 200-209 534 2.1 35 .6 53 . 210-219 340 1.3 9 .2 54 3 - — ■ 2 220-229 182 .7 2 — 55 — 2 • 230-239 84 .3 1 — 56 2 — 4 0.1 240-249 30 .1 — — 57 2 8 .1 250-259 9 — - — ■ — 58 2 33 .6 260-269 5 — — — 59 8 64 1.1 60 83 85 0.3 .3 289 311 5.1 5.5 Total 25,440 100.0 5,661 100.0 61 RELATIVE WEIGHT 62 230 436 972 .9 1.7 3.8 685 810 1,008 12.1 14.3 17.8 or pounds per inch of height 63 Pounds per Inch of Height Males Females 64 Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. 65 66 1,741 3,054 6.8 12.0 968 735 17.1 13.0 of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total 1.2 1 67 3,597 14.1 379 6.7 1.3 2 - — 68 4,375 17.2 202 3.6 1.4 3 8 0.1 69 3,537 13.9 95 1.7 1.5 8 33 .6 70 2,846 11.2 42 .7 1.6 22 0.1 140 2.5 71 2,370 9.3 16 .3 1.7 124 .5 389 6.9 72 1,343 5.3 5 .1 1.8 514 2.0 650 11.5 73 432 1.7 1.9 1,391 5.5 774 13.7 74 198 .8 1 2.0 2,880 11.3 832 14.7 75 80 .3 2.1 3,822 15.0 645 11.4 76 31 .1 2.2 4,019 15.8 500 8.8 77 9 2.3 3,254 12.8 463 8.2 78 2 2.4 2,771 10.9 305 5.4 2.5 2,171 8.5 284 5.0 Total 25,440 100.0 5,661 100.0 2.6 1,451 996 5.7 3.9 174 172 3.1 3.0 2.7 WEIGHT 2.8 2.9 751 523 3.0 2.1 137 74 2.4 Weight Males Females 1.3 (pounds) Number Per Cent. Number Per Cent. 3.0 296 1.2 45 .8 of Deaths of Total of Deaths of Total 3.1 3.2 206 137 .8 .5 20 12 .4 70- 79 4 1 .2 80- 89 4 10 0.2 3.3 60 .2 4 .1 90- 99 7 - — ■ 60 1.1 3.4 27 .1 — — 100-109 54 0.2 380 6.7 3.5 9 — — — 110-119 316 1.2 859 15.2 3.6 — — — — 120-129 1,392 5.5 1,132 20.0 3.7 1 — — — 130-139 3,559 14.0 1,078 19.0 3.8 1 — — — 140-149 4,963 19.5 712 12.6 150-159 4,771 18.8 524 9.3 Total 25,440 100.0 5,661 100.0 69 TABLE XXXVIII INFLUENCE OE WEIGHT UPON TUBERCULOSIS AVERAGE WEIGHT AT ENTRY OF DECEDENTS FROM TUBERCULAR AND NON-TUBERCULAR DISEASES MALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Tubercvilosis Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non- Tubercular Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 1,564 3,131 488 4 142 149 151 169 2,726 11,312 6,117 98 146 159 164 166 FEMALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Tuberculosis Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non- Tubercular Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 461 655 57 2 125 126 131 133 682 2,509 1,288 7 127 136 147 147 INFLUENCE OF WEIGHT UPON NERVOUS DISEASES AVERAGE WEIGHT AT ENTRY OF DECEDENTS FROM NERVOUS AND NON-NERVOUS DISEASES MALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Nervous Diseases Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non-Nervous Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 180 1,394 1,051 25 145 159 164 164 4,110 13,049 5,554 11 144 157 163 167 FEMALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Nervous Diseases Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non-Nervous Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 38 248 227 3 129 139 148 148 1,105 2,916 1,118 6 126 134 146 142 70 TABLE XXXIX INFLUENCE OF WEIGHT UPON CIRCULATORY DISEASES AVERAGE WEIGHT AT ENTRY OF DECEDENTS FROM CIRCULATORY AND NON-CIRCULATORY DISEASES MALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Circulatory Diseases Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non-Circulatory Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 96 705 663 9 144 162 166 161 4,194 13,738 5,942 93 144 157 163 167 FEMALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Circulatory Diseases Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non-Circulatory Diseases Average V/eight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 31 144 123 2 129 138 150 148 1,112 3,020 1,222 7 126 135 138 143 INFLUENCE OF WEIGHT UPON GENITO-URINARY DISEASES AVERAGE WEIGHT AT ENTRY OF DECEDENTS FROM GENITO-URINARY AND NON-GENITO-URINARY DISEASES MALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Genito- urinary Diseases Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non- Genito-Urinary Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 171 1,024 841 17 146 162 167 165 4,119 13,419 5,764 85 144 157 162 166 FEMALES Ages at Entry Number of Deaths from Genito- urinary Diseases Average Weight (pounds) Number of Deaths from Non- Genito-Urinary Diseases Average Weight (pounds) 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over 91 401 195 128 141 147 1,052 2,763 1,150 9 126 134 146 144 71 TABLE XL AVERAGE WEIGHT AT ENTRY OF DECEDENTS MALES Cause of Death Number of Deaths Average Weight at Entry Diseases of Generative Organs . . Diabetes Apoplexy Liver Diseases Urinary Diseases Heart Diseases Rheumatism Paralysis Cancer Diarrhoeal Diseases Insanity Asthma Alcoholism Pneumonia Stomach and Intestinal Diseases All Causes Typhoid Accidents Bronchitis Tuberculosis 11 288 1,264 731 2,042 1,337 253 341 1,182 69 409 153 264 2,527 1,363 25,440 1,200 3,036 189 5,187 170 lbs. 166 " 165 " 164 " 163 " 163 " 162 " 161 " 160 " 158 " 158 " 158 " 157 " 157 " 157 " 157 " 156 " 156 " 154 " 147 " FEMALES Cause of Death Diabetes Asthma Apoplexy Alcoholism Liver Diseases Paralysis Heart Diseases Cancer Rheumatism Urinary Diseases Bronchitis Diarrhoeal Diseases Stomach and Intestinal Diseases All Causes Pneumonia Typhoid Diseases of Generative Organs . . Insanity Diseases of Parturition Tuberculosis Number of Deaths Average Weight at Entry 70 155 lbs. 17 154 " 283 147 " 9 146 " 133 146 " 60 145 " 274 143 " 530 142 " 65 142 " 476 142 " 43 138 " 18 137 " 358 136 " 5,661 136 " 440 135 " 176 134 " 211 133 " 58 132 " 412 132 " 1,175 126 " 72 TABLE XLI CAUSE OF DEATH AND REIvATIVE WEIGHT OF DECEDENTS AT ENTRY Cause of Death, and Sex Very Light Weights (1.2 to 1.7 Pounds per Inch of Height) Light Weights (1.8 to 2.1 Pounds per Inch of Height) Medium Weights (2.2 to 2.5 Pounds per Inch of Height) Heavy Weights (2.6 to 2.9 Pounds per Inch of Height) Very Heavy Weights (3.0 Pounds and Over per Inch of Height) No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. No. Per Cent. MALES Typhoid 7 58 2 1 1 2 13 5 20 16 2 27 5 1 160 19 193 34 3 1 32 22 64 58 57 40 18 7 22 570 4.4 36.3 1.3 .6 .6 1.3 8.1 3.1 12.5 10.0 1.3 16.9 3.1 .5 100.0 3.3 33.9 6.0 .5 .2 5.6 3.9 11.2 10.2 10.0 7.0 3.2 1.2 3.8 100.0 446 2,699 306 66 63 76 726 333 1,037 647 520 938 311 439 8,607 99 808 203 32 22 210 126 299 265 303 243 88 55 148 2,901 5.2 31.4 3.6 .8 .7 .9 8.4 3.9 12.0 7.5 6.0 10.9 3.6 5.1 100.0 3.4 27.9 7.0 1.1 .8 7.2 4.3 10.3 9.1 10.4 8.4 3.0 1.9 5.2 100.0 564 2,189 609 127 127 144 1,268 710 1,675 1,084 954 1,624 461 679 12,215 46 157 199 17 22 180 99 166 162 225 110 54 17 98 1,552 4.6 17.9 5.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 10.4 5.8 13.7 8.9 7.8 13.3 3.8 5.6 100.0 3.0 10.1 12.8 1.1 1.4 11.6 6.4 10.7 10.4 14.5 7.1 3.5 1.1 6.3 100.0 157 223 223 45 72 38 513 347 490 418 454 393 149 199 3,721 11 17 86 11 20 85 45 61 65 94 17 11 5 29 557 4.2 6.0 6.0 1.2 1.9 1.0 13.8 9.3 13.2 11.2 12.2 10.5 4.0 5.5 100.0 2.0 3.1 15.4 2.0 3.6 15.3 8.1 11.0 11.7 16.9 3.1 2.0 .9 4.9 100.0 26 18 42 14 25 4 130 78 96 78 123 54 17 32 737 1 8 2 5 9 8 13 16 8 2 4 1 4 81 3.5 Tuberculosis 2.4 5.7 2.0 3.4 Alcoholism .6 Nervous Diseases Circulatory Diseases . . . Respiratory Diseases. . . Digestive Diseases Genito-Urinary Diseases Accidents 17.6 10.6 13.3 10.6 16.7 7.3 Suicides 2.3 All Other Causes Total FEMALES Typhoid 4.0 100.0 1.2 Tuberculosis 9.9 Rheumatism 2.5 Diabetes 6.2 Nervous Diseases Circulatory Diseases . . . Respiratory Diseases. . . Digestive Diseases Genito-Urinary Diseases Diseases of Parturition . Accidents 11.1 9.9 16.0 19.8 9.9 2.5 4.9 Suicides 1.2 All Other Causes Total 4.9 100.0 73 TABLE XLII MORTALITY STATISTICS 01^^ PORTO RICO* MORTALITY BY AGE GROUPS, 1910 AND 1911 Ages San Juan Island op Porto Rico Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Under 1 683 24.8 12,229 23.8 lto2 221 8.0 6,011 11.7 2 to 10 233 8.5 7,996 15.6 10 to 20 137 5.0 3,365 6.6 20 to 40 675 24.6 9,527 18.6 40 to 80 703 25.6 10,401 20.3 Over 80 97 3.5 1,751 3.4 Total . . 2,749 100.0 51,280 100.0 MORTALITY FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES, 1910 AND 1911 San Juan Island of Porto Rico Cause Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Diarrhoea and Enteritis . . . Tuberculosis 564 488 249 171 168 87 78 76 67 62 44 48 658 2,760 20.4 17.7 9.0 6.2 6.1 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.2 1.6 1.7 23.9 100.0 7,940 4,926 1,615 1,481 5,375 2,138 3,916 1,461 803 909 4,356 2,791 13,619 51,330 15.5 9.6 Congenital Debility Heart Diseases 3.1 2.9 Bronchitis and Pneumonia. Senile Debility 10.5 4.1 Malaria 7.6 Nephritis 2.8 Tetanus 1.5 Meningitis 1.8 Diseases of Early Infancy . . Anaemia 8.5 5.4 All Other Causes 26.7 Total 100.0 ANNUAL DEATH RATE, PORTO RICO, 1900-1911 Year Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 1900 955,486 44,966 47.1 1901 971,278 35,681 36.7 1902 987,070 24,288 24.6 1903 1,002,862 25,330 25.3 1904 1,018,654 22,462 22.1 1905 1,034,446 22,816 22.1 1906 1,050,238 23,647 22.5 1907 1,066,030 26,782 25.1 1908 1,081,822 23,734 21.9 1909 1,097,614 22,049 20.1 1910 1,113,406 24,751 22.2 1911 1,129,198 26,579 23.5 ANNUAL DEATH RATE, SAN JUAN, 1910 AND 1911 Year 1910 1911 Population 48,250 49,848 Deaths 1,336 1,424 Rate per 1,000 27.7 28.6 ♦Charts 42 to 45 ar& exhibited in Group XI of the Exhibition. 74 TABLE XLIII MORTALITY STATISTICS OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS MORTALITY BY AGE GROUPS Honolulu 1902-1911 Hawah (except Honolulu), 1906-1911 Ages Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Under 1 2,446 25.1 3,468 29.9 Ito 5 859 8.8 1,315 11.3 5 to 10 254 2.6 346 3.0 10 to 20 520 5.3 608 5.2 20 to 30 1,147 11.8 1,525 13.1 30 to 40 1,243 12.8 1,433 12.4 40 to 50 1,041 10.7 965 8.3 50 to 60 813 8.4 710 6.1 60 to 70 663 6.8 549 4.7 Over 70 749 7.7 700 6.0 Total . . 9,735 100.0 11,619 100.0 MORTALITY FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES Cause Tuberculosis Nervous Diseases Pneumonia Other Digestive Diseases Circulatory Diseases. . . . Urinary Diseases Gastroenteritis Bronchitis Typhoid Leprosy All Other Causes Total Honolulu, 1902-1911 Number of Deaths 1,524 1,207 1,007 925 634 493 329 301 224 14 3,077 9,735 Per Cent, of Total 15.7 12.4 10.3 9.5 6.5 5.1 3.4 3.1 2.3 .1 31.6 100.0 Hawau (except Honolulu) 1904-1911 Number of Deaths 1,502 1,790 1,366 1,215 774 544 669 629 805 420 5,463 15,177 Per Cent, of Total 9.9 11.8 9.0 8.0 5.1 3.6 4.4 4.1 5.3 2.8 36.0 100.0 ANNUAL DEATH RATE Honolulu Hawah (except Honolulu) Year Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 41,371 42,675 43,979 45,283 46,587 47,891 49,195 50,499 51,803 53,107 1,006 946 870 864 880 1,056 907 925 1,030 1,251 24.3 22.2 19.8 19.1 18.9 22.1 18.4 18.3 19.9 23.6 128,854 131,390 133,926 136,462 138,998 141,534 1,918 1,966 1,853 1,926 1,911 2,045 14.9 15.0 13.8 14.1 14.0 14.4 75 TABLE XLIV MORTALITY STATISTICS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS MORTALITY BY AGE GROUPS Ages Manila, 1903-1911 (Residents and Transients) Provinces, 1908-1910 Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Under 1 lto2 2 to 10 10 to 20 20 to 40 40 to 60 Over 60 Total . . 39,162 5,618 7,153 3,745 16,182 8,997 6,496 87,353 44.8 6.4 8.2 4.3 18.5 10.3 7.5 100.0 120,258 44,689 88,207 25,616 1 109,343 46,716 434,829 27.7 10.3 20.3 5.9 25.1 10.7 100.0 MORTALITY FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES Cause Convulsions of Children Tuberculosis Bronchitis Beriberi Cholera Simple Meningitis Dysentery Malaria Pneumonia Typhoid Diarrhoea and Enteritis Smallpox All Other Causes Total 82,874 Manila, 1903-1911 (Residents Only) Number of Deaths 16,452 10,397 8,302 5,609 5,162 3,109 2,531 1,418 1,041 783 28,070 Per Cent, of Total 19.9 12.5 10.0 6.8 6.2 3.7 3.1 1.7 1.3 .9 33.9 100.0 Provinces, 1908-1910 Number of Deaths 58,955 43,022 6,623 4,071 27,914 31,501 63,104 5,672 16,276 14,515 169,885 441,538 Per Cent. of Total 13.4 9.7 1.5 .9 6.3 7.1 14.3 1.3 3.7 3.3 38.5 100.0 76 TABLE XLIV— Concluded ANNUAL DEATH RATE OF THE CITY OF MANILA, BY QUARTERS, 1901-1911 Annual Annual Year Quarter Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 Year Quarter Population Deaths Rate per 1,000 1901 1st 222,723 2,327 41.8 1906 3d 223,091 3,468 62.2 2d 222,948 2,410 43.2 4th 223,316 1,934 34.6 3d 223,173 2,077 37.2 1907 1st 223,542 1,569 28.1 4th 223,398 2,561 45.9 2d 224,447 1,280 22.8 1902 1st 223,623 2,236 40.0 3d 225,353 1,936 34.4 2d 222,703 4,433 79.6 4th 226,258 2,502 44.2 3d 221,782 5,067 91.4 1908 1st 227,164 2,570 45.3 4th 220,862 2,715 49.2 2d 228,069 1,937 34.0 1903 1st 219,941 1,652 30.0 3d 228,975 3,487 60.9 2d 220,166 1,911 34.7 4th 229,880 2,652 46.1 3d 220,391 2,710 49.2 1909 1st 230,786 1,954 33.9 4th 220,616 3,085 55.9 2d 231,692 1,646 28.4 1904 1st 220,841 2,256 40.9 3d 232,598 2,019 34.7 2d 221,066 2,314 41.9 4th 233,504 2,317 39.7 3d 221,291 2,962 53.5 1910 1st 234,409 2,009 34.3 4th 221,516 2,769 50.0 2d 235,314 1,844 31.3 1905 1st 221,741 1,856 33.5 3d 236,220 2,194 37.2 2d 221,966 1,649 29.7 4th 237,125 1,982 33.4 3d 222,191 2,601 46.8 1911 1st 238,031 1,763 29.6 4th 222,416 2,635 47.4 2d 238,936 1,849 31.0 1906 1st 222,641 1,932 34.7 3d 239,842 2,449 40.8 2d 222,866 1,848 33.2 4th 240,747 2,166 36.0 77 TABLE XLV MORTAUTY STATISTICS OF THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE MORTALITY BY AGE GROUPS, 1909-1911 MALES FEMALES Age and Color Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total WHITE Under 1 247 23.7 164 38.9 Ito 4 57 5.5 56 13.3 5 to 10 12 1.2 12 2.8 11 to 20 32 3.1 16 3.8 21 to 30 196 18.8 44 10.4 31 to 40 225 21.6 45 10.7 41 to 50 164 15.8 33 7.8 51 to 60 67 6.4 20 4.7 61 to 70 20 1.9 14 3.3 Over 70 21 2.0 18 4.3 Total. . 1,041 100.0 422 100.0 OTHER THAN WHITE Under 1 1,255 26.3 946 35.7 Ito 4 310 6.5 286 10.8 5 to 10 72 1.5 72 2.7 11 to 20 280 5.9 149 5.6 21 to 30 1,190 24.9 462 17.5 31 to 40 720 15.1 325 12.3 41 to 50 516 10.8 181 6.8 51 to 60 248 5.2 112 4.2 61 to 70 122 2.6 62 2.4 Over 70 60 1.2 54 2.0 Total. . 4,773 100.0 2,649 100.0 MORTALITY FROM PRINCIPAL CAUSES Total Population 1906-1911 White E 1907- mployees 1911 Colored Employees 1907-1911 Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Number of Deaths Per Cent, of Total Malaria 2,621 2,420 2,111 1,490 1,812 1,101 923 1,201 679 625 293 269 3,455 19,000 13.8 12.7 11.1 7.8 9.6 5.8 4.9 6.3 3.6 3.3 1.5 1.4 18.2 100.0 145 54 15 287 1 20 20 19 20 25 14 85 705 20.6 1.1 1.1 40.7 .1 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.6 2.0 12.0 100.0 232 604 294 560 7 11 214 82 86 30 139 272 2,597 8.9 Pneumonia Tuberculosis External Causes Diarrhoea and Enteritis .... Diseases of Early Infancy . . Nervous Diseases Urinary Diseases 23.3 11.3 21.6 .3 3.0 8.2 Heart Diseases 3.2 Dysentery 3.3 Liver Diseases 1.2 Typhoid 5.3 Other Causes 10.4 Total 100.0 7S TABLE XLV— Concluded ANNUAL DEATH RATES FROM SPECIEIED CAUSES EMPLOYEES OE THE ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMIvSSION Employees Typhoid Dysentery Malaria Pneumonia Year Number ofDeaths Rate per 10,000 Number ofDeaths Rate per 10,000 Number ot Deaths Rate per 10,000 Number ofDeaths Rate per 10,000 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 16,512 26,547 39,238 43,891 47,167 50,802 48,876 12 42 98 19 13 13 10 7.3 15.8 25.0 4.3 2.8 2.6 2.0 14 69 48 16 8 21 13 8.5 26.0 12.2 3.6 1.7 4.1 2.7 86 233 154 73 52 50 47 52.1 87.8 39.2 16.6 11.0 9.8 9.6 95 413 328 93 70 73 94 57.5 155.6 83.6 21.2 14.8 14.4 19.2 ANNUAL DEATH RATES FROM ALL CAUSES EMPLOYEES OF THE ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION White Employees Colored Employees Year Employees Number of Deaths Rate per 1,000 Employees Number of Deaths Rate per 1,000 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 3,030 5,106 10,604 12,384 11,662 13,021 12,251 73 92 178 169 115 119 123 24.1 18.0 16.8 13.7 9.9 9.1 10.0 13,482 21,441 28,634 31,507 35,505 37,781 36,625 354 1,013 953 402 387 439 416 26.3 47.2 33.3 12.8 10.9 11.6 11.4 ANNUAL DEATH RATES FROM ALL CAUSES TOTAL POPULATION Canal Zone, Exclusive of Panama and Colon City of Panama City of Colon Population Number ofDeaths Rate per 1,000 Population Number of Deaths Rate per 1,000 Population Number ofDeaths Rate per 1,000 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 54,036 67,146 76,900 86,465 90,434 1,708 1,273 1,025 1,251 1,385 31.6 19.0 13.3 14.5 15.3 33,548 37,073 40,801 45,591 46,555 1,156 1,292 1,038 1,446 1,456 34.5 34.8 25.4 31.7 31.3 14,549 15,878 17,479 19,535 19,947 571 418 396 514 527 39.2 26.3 22.7 26.3 26.4 79 LBAp'lS I I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 013 738 869 8