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THE H:A.ISrD BOOK 44 
 
 TO 
 
 MOHTEREY MD YICIHITY: 
 
 CO NTAINING 
 
 A BRIEF RESUME OF THE HISTORY OF MONTEREY SINCE ITS DISCOVERY ; 
 
 A GENERAL REVIEW OF THE RESOURCES AND PRODUCTS OF MONTEREY 
 
 AND THE COUNTY ; DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF THE TOWN, 
 
 AND THE POINTS OF INTEREST IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD: 
 
 CARMEL MISSION AND VALLEY ; PACIFIC GROVE 
 
 RETREAT; POINT CYPRESS, POINT PINOS 
 
 AND THE LIGHT HOUSE ; SALINAS, 
 
 CASTROVILLE, SAN JUAN, 
 
 SAN ANTONIO MISSION, 
 
 AND OTHEE PLACES OP INTEEEST IH THE OOTOTY, 
 
 A COMPLETE GUIDE BOOK, 
 
 For Tourists, Campers and Visitors. 
 
 MONTEREY, 1875* ^^^'Hm^^ -'"^'^' 
 
 Entered-according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by Walton & Curtis, in the Office of 
 
 the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 PRICE FIFTY CENTS. 
 
 1' 
 
« 
 • 
 
 AUTHOKITIES QUOTED. 
 
 Records of Mission of San Carlos. Junipera Serra, Juan Crespi, 
 
 and others. 
 United States Coast Survey. 
 Three Years in California. Walter Colton. 
 Natural Wealth of California. Cronise. 
 U. S. Agricultural Reports. 
 Smithsonian Institute Reports. 
 Unpublished Memoranda. Dr. C. A. Canfield. 
 CaUfornia Scrap Book. 
 Resources of Monterey County. 
 Resources of San Benito County. 
 Overland Monthly. i 
 
 The Califjrnian. I v5 
 
 Monterey Republican. \/ 
 
 Monterey Herald. 
 Santa Cruz Sentinel. 
 Salinas City Index. 
 Salinas City Town Talk. 
 Castroville Ar^us. 
 San Francisco Alta, Call, Chronicle, and Examiner. 
 
 41 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 y 
 
 Page. 
 
 Monterey, Poem, by E. E. Curtis 5 
 
 Historical Sketch 6 
 
 ^ortala's Cross, by Bret Harte 17 
 
 Alonterpy and Vicinity 19 
 
 Carmel Valley and Mission 25 
 
 '^oiiit Cypress 3G 
 
 Monterey, Poem, by D. O'Connell 42 
 
 The Whale Fishery • 44 
 
 Chinese Colony 49 
 
 Pacific Grove Retreat 50 
 
 Light House , . . , 54 
 
 Monterey, Poem, by Mrs. Annie E. Merritt 55 
 
 Monterey as a Port , 57 
 
 The M. & S. V. R. R. . . *. . 60 
 
 Health and Climate, with Tables 63 
 
 Increase of Business 71 
 
 Town Ofi5cers, etc 72 
 
 Objects of Historical Interest 74 
 
 Our Pioneer Residents 82 
 
 Disinterested Opinions 83 
 
 Sea Bathing 85 
 
 Iron Springs • 87 
 
4 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Coal Mines 89 
 
 Our Wild Flowers 89 
 
 Trades Directory ; 91 
 
 The County 97 
 
 Salinas City Ill 
 
 Castroville 116 
 
 Moss Landing 5* 120 
 
 Santa Rita 120 
 
 Soledad 120 
 
 Chualar 121 
 
 Gonzales 121 
 
 Natividad 121 
 
 Soledad Mission . .' 122 
 
 San Antonio Mission 123 
 
 San Juan Mission 124 
 
 Hollister : 125 
 
 San Juan Township 126 
 
 Advertisements 128 
 
Like a maiden musing sadly o'er her suitors turned away, 
 Long she sat in lonely beauty close beside her crescent bay. 
 
 Heeding not the world of action that beyond her portals lay ; 
 Careless of the strife of nations, living only for to-day. 
 
 Dreaming of a golden future, while the present drifted by, 
 
 As a ship becalmed may linger 'neath the storm-cloud in the sky. 
 
 All her passions wrapped in slumber ; slowly through her languid veins 
 Flowed her blood, as in midsummer creeps the stream across the plains. 
 
 Never lover came to woo her, never woke she from her trance, 
 Like the mystic Sleepihg Beauty in the pages of romance. 
 
 Till the fairy Prince of Progress smiled upon her hidden charms, 
 On her ripe lips quickly kissed her, reached and drew her to his arms. 
 
 At his touch she slowly started : Indolence her limbs had bound 
 While she lingered, idly dreaming, where the tasseled tree-tops sound ; 
 
 And though heart and soul were eager to accept the proffered love, 
 'Neath the tyrant's chain they struggled, as the wings of prisoned dove. 
 
 Not in vain she strives to free them ; for, behold ! the chain is burst ! 
 Aided by the a»m of Progress soon the last shall be the first. 
 
 Soon a queen among the cities that adorn our golden coast 
 
 Shall she stand, and in her glory, of her noble lover boast. 
 
 Edwin Emmet Curtis. 
 Monterey, July, 1875. 
 
EM@fml BMUb 0/ 
 
 So intimately is the history of Monterey connected and inter- 
 woven with that of Cahfornia, and in a lesser degree, with that of 
 Mexico and Spain, that to detail it faithfully and accurately would 
 require more space than we have at our command. We propose, 
 therefore, to sketch as briefly as possible some of the leading events 
 of its history, from the period of its discovery until the present day. 
 
 Early in the spring of 1602, the Viceroy of Mexico, acting under 
 instructions from Phihp III of Spain, who was anxious to obtain 
 possession of Cahfornia, dispatched Don Sebastian Viscaino, in com- 
 mand of three small vessels, on a voyage of discovery up the coast. 
 Their passage was rendered extremely slow by prevailing head 
 winds, and the exploration of the peninsula, now known as Lower 
 California, was not completed until the beginning of November. 
 On the 10th of that month they arrived at the harbor of San Diego, 
 where they remained ten days, and departed highly pleased with 
 the climate, soil, and peaceful disposition of. the Indians. After 
 landing on Santa Catalina Island, and at other places, for the pur- 
 pose of celebrating Mass, they rounded the Point of Pines, and 
 cast anchor in the storm-sheltered waters of our beautiful bay on 
 the 10th day of December, 1602. 
 
 V'iscaino, who was probably the first white man to place foot upon 
 he soil of this town, took possession 0^ the country in the name 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 7 
 
 of the King of Spain. The holy sacrament was then partaken of 
 under the spreading branches of an oak tree, at fhe mouth of a 
 small ravine, and the spot named Monterey, in honor of Gaspar de 
 Zuniga, Count de Monterey, the Viceroy of Mexico, who had fitted 
 out the expedition. 
 
 Viscaiilo was unprepared to establish a Mission ; so, after a stay 
 of eighteen days, he continued on his voyage ; first however taking 
 a full description of the country, its productions, and the character 
 of the natives. He described the country as being clad in the 
 deepest verdure, the soil most productive, the natives extremely 
 docile, and, therefore easily converted. Although Viscaino hoped 
 soon to return with material for the founding of a Mission, his hopes 
 were never realized, and Monterey still remained a wilderness. 
 
 Over 16jp years elapsed ere Monterey was again visited by the 
 white man. On July 14, 1769, Gaspar de Portala, Governor of 
 Lower California, at the head of a party of sixty-five persons, set 
 out from San Diego to rediscover Monterey. He arrived at Mon- 
 terey, but failing to identify the place, merely erected a cross and 
 proceeded on his way north. 
 
 The third attempt to establish a settlement at Monterey, however, 
 proved more successful. The following extract from a letter of 
 the leader of the expedition to Father Francisco Palou, gives a 
 graphic account of the ceremonies attending the formal founding of 
 the Mission of San Carlos de Monterey, by Padre Junipero Serra, 
 on that memorable day, June 3rd, 1770, 
 
 " On the 31st of May, 1770, by favor of God, after rather a 
 painful voyage of a month and a half, the packet San Antonio, 
 
8 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 commanded by Don Juan Perez, arrived and anchored in this 
 beautiful port of Monterey, which is unadulterated in any degree 
 from what it was when visited by the expedition of Don Sebastian 
 Viscaino, in 1602. It gave me great consolation to find that the 
 land expedition had arrived eight days before us, and that Father 
 Crespi and all others were in good health. On the third of June, 
 being the holy day of Pentecost, the whole of the officers of sea and 
 land, and all the people, assembled on a bank at the foot of an oak, 
 where we caused an altar to be erected, and the bells rang ; we 
 then chanted the Vent Creator, blessed the water, erected and 
 blessed a grand cross, hoisted the royal standard, and chanted the first 
 mass that was ever performed in this place ; we afterwards sung the 
 Salve to Our Lady before an image of the illustrious Virgin, which 
 occupied the altar ; and at the same time preached a sermon, con- 
 cluding the whole with a le Deum. After this the officers took 
 possession of the country in the name of the King, (Charles III) 
 our Lord, whom God preserve. We then all dined together in a 
 shady place on the beach ; the whole ceremony being accompanied 
 by many volUes and salutes by the troops and vessels." 
 
 Later, on the same day, was solemnized the first funeral, being 
 that of a caulker named Alejo Nino, who died on board the San 
 Antonio a few days previous. He was buried with the honors of 
 the Church at the foot of the cross they had erected. 
 
 The San Antonio soon sailed for Mexico, leaving behind Father 
 Junipero, five priests. Lieutenant Pedro Fages and thirty soldiers. 
 The Indians, as Viscaino had predicted, were ready converts, 
 and " seated under those dark Monterey pines, told ghostly stories 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 9 
 
 of how brightly the crosses shone that each white man wore on his 
 breast the first time they had passed through there, not knowing 
 the place ; and of the great cross that was planted by Portala be- 
 fore he knew he was at the spot he coveted ; how it would grow at 
 night till its point rested among the stars, glistening the while with 
 a splendor that outshone the sun ; that when their superstitious 
 dread wore off they had approached, planted arrows and feathers 
 in the earth around it, and hung strings of sardines, as their 
 choicest offering, upon its arms." * 
 
 Monterey was at once selected as the capital of Alta California, 
 and Portala appointed as its first governor. Owing to the small 
 amount of available agricultural land within the semicircle of hills 
 surrounding Monterey, the Mission was soon removed to the neigh- 
 boring valley of Carmelo.f The presidio or military establishment, 
 however, still remained at Monterey. This consisted of an enclos- 
 ure about 300 yards square, containing a chapel, storehouses, 
 offices, residences' and barracks for the soldiers. It was located 
 where the Catholic church now stands. A rude fort was built on 
 the hill overlooking the bay, and armed with a few small cannon. 
 These constituted the nucleus of the future town. 
 
 Calmly the years drifted away, scarcely causing a ripple upon 
 the slowly swelling tide of progress. Governor succeeded governor, 
 and each was content to render tribute to the Viceroy of Mexico 
 while the fruitful land over which he ruled maintained him in lux- 
 urious idleness. In 1822, Mexico, becoming tired of Spanish rule, 
 
 * Tuthill's History of California. 
 
 f A more complete account of the ifission is given in another chapter. 
 2 
 
10 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 established herself as a separate empire. Upon receiving intelli- 
 gence of this important event, Governor Pablo Vicente de Sola 
 summoned a council of the principal military officials and church 
 dignitaries at Monterey, and formally announced the action of their 
 mother country. The council unanimously decided that henceforth 
 California was subject to Mexico alone. The oaths were changed 
 and Sola became the first Mexican governor, or more correctly, 
 " PoHtical Chief of the Territory." The apathetic inhabitants 
 offered no resistance, and the change was effected without a 
 struggle. 
 
 In 1828 the Mexican Congress adopted a plan of colonization, 
 which authorized the Governors of dependent territories to grant 
 unoccupied lands to all persons who properly petitioned for them, 
 and agreed to cultivate and reside upon them a certain portion of 
 the time. These grants were subject to the approval of the terri- 
 torial legislature. Many of the old settlers availed themselves of the 
 privilege thus accorded them and obtained a title to vast ranches, 
 then of little value, but destined in after years to render those who 
 were fortunate enough to hold them immensely wealthy. 
 
 The harbor of Monterey was visited about this time by numerous 
 vessels, which realized an enormous profit by trading their assorted 
 cargoes for hides. 
 
 On the 25th of September, 1834, Hijar, Director of Colonization, 
 arrived at Monterey on the brig Natalia^ for the purpose of 
 secularizing the Missions. The Natalia^ which was the same ves- 
 sel in which Napoleon the Great made his memorable escape from 
 Elba, was thrown upon the beach by a storm and totally wrecked. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 11 
 
 The remaining timbers of this historical vessel may yet be seen at 
 low tide, a few yards east of the railroad wharf. The seculariza- 
 tion scheme was successfully accomplished, and the missions placed 
 under the charge of Governor Figueroa. 
 
 Figueroa, who was the best ruler California had yet seen, died on 
 the 29th of September, 1835. Then ensued a series of insurrections 
 which were only terminated by the American conquest. A dissen- 
 sion first arose between Nicholas Gutierrez, who was Governor 
 after Figueroa's death, and Juan Bautista Alvarado, Secretary of 
 the Territorial Deputation, concerning a question of Custom House 
 discipline. Alvarado, who was a native Californian of talent and 
 education, insisted so strongly upon his positibn that Gutierrez 
 ordered his arrest. Before the warrant could be served Alvarado 
 had escaped, and found refuge in the cabin of Isaac Graham, a 
 pioneer of Santa Cruz. Here a plan was laid to seize Monterey 
 and declare the independence of California. They organized a 
 company of one hundred natives under Jose Castro, and fifty rifle- 
 men led by Graham ; entered Monterey at night ; imprisoned the 
 Governor and his soldiers in the presidio ; and after firing one shot 
 from a four-pounder, obtained possession of the town. Alvarado 
 was declared Governor, and Guadalupe Vallejo placed at the head 
 of the military. 
 
 Early in 1840, Governor Alvarado, who had become exceedingly 
 jealous of all foreigners, especially of his former friend Graham, pre- 
 tended to have received information of a deep-laid plot to overturn 
 the government. Castro was ordered to arrest all connected with 
 the conspiracy, and by a strategic movement succeeded in surpris- 
 
12 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 ing and arresting nearly a hundred persons, principallv Americans. 
 Afterward, about twenty of the supposed ringleaders were trans- 
 ported in chains to San Bias. In July of the same year, the 
 American man-of-war St. Louis and a French ship arrived at 
 Monterey for the purpose of demanding satisfaction. Alvarado was 
 80 badly frightened at their arrival that he fled to the interior, on 
 a pretext of business, and did not return to the Capital until the 
 coast was again clear. For two years everything remained quiet. 
 In July, 1842, the foreigners, so summarily banished, unexpect- 
 edly returned on board a vessel furnished them by the Mexican 
 Government, which had not approved of Alvarado's uncalled-for 
 action. They brought the startling news that General Michel- 
 torena had been appointed to both the civil and military command 
 of California. He arrived at San Diego in August, and was travel- 
 ing northward in grand style, when intelligence reached him that 
 caused him to suddenly halt at Los Angeles. This was that Com- 
 mander Jones, in command of the frigate United States and sloop- 
 of-war Cyane, had taken possession of the country, and hoisted 
 the Stars and Stripes at Monterey. Alvarado surrendered on the 
 20th of October, and California was, apparently, a portion of the 
 American Union. The next day, however, Jones discovered that 
 he had made a blunder — that Mexico was not yet at war with the 
 United States — and therefore he gracefully hauled down the flag 
 and apologized. Micheltorena now Came to Monterey and assumed 
 the duties of his office. He ruled until February 1st, 1845, when 
 he was ousted by Vallejo, Alvarado and Castro, and Don Pio Pico 
 placed in his stead. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 13 
 
 The year 1846 was a notable one in the annals of Monterey. 
 On July 7th, of that year, Commodore Sloat, who had arrived in 
 the U. S. frigate Savannah a few days previously, dispatched 
 Captain Mervine, at the head of 250 men, on shore, with instruc- 
 tions to hoist the American flag over Monterey. Amid the firing 
 of cannon from the shipping in the harbor and the cheers of the 
 assembled citizens, the glorious .Stars and Stripes were raised, 
 and a proclamation read, declaring California henceforth a portion 
 of the United States. The people accepted the change with 
 characteristic resignation, and Walter Colton was appointed the 
 first Alcalde under the new regime. 
 
 Colton, who had previously been Chaplain of the frigate Con. 
 gress, held the ofiice of alcalde for three years, during which time 
 he figured prominently in the affairs of the town. In connection 
 with Semple, a pioneer from Kentucky, he established the first 
 newspaper ever published in California. It was called the Calif or- 
 nian, and made its first appearance on Saturday, August 15th, 
 1846. It was printed on paper originally intended for the manu- 
 facture of cigaritos, and was a little larger than a sheet of foolscap. 
 The office was resurrected from the remains of a small concern 
 formerly used for printing Roman Catholic tracts in Spanish. 
 There being no W in the Spanish alphabet, they were compelled to 
 use two V's (thus, VV) whenever a W occurred. The Califor- 
 nian, it is needless to say, was eagerly welcomed, and soon attained 
 quite a circulation. It was finally merged into the Alta California 
 when the latter paper was established at San Francisco. 
 
 The first jury summoned in California was empannelled by Col- 
 
 2* 
 
14 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 ton, on September 4th, 1846. It was composed of one-third Mexi- 
 cans, one-third CaUfornians, and the other third Americans. This 
 new system of trial proved eminently satisfactory, as it always must 
 when properly administrated. To Colton also belongs the honor of 
 having erected the building, intended for a Town Hall and School 
 House, which bears his name. 
 
 On the 29th of May, 1848, intelligence of the discovery of gold 
 on the American Fork first reached Monterey. The report was 
 scarcely credited, yet it produced so much excitement that the 
 Alcalde was induced to dispatch a special messenger to investigate 
 its truth. On the 12th of June he returned, bringing specimens of 
 gold, and a story of its lavish abundance more marvelous than an 
 Arabian Night's tale. Then commenced the grand rush to the 
 mines, which almost depopulated the town, and from which it has 
 never fully recovered. 
 
 On the 3d of June, 1849, (the 79th anniversary of the settle- 
 ment of Monterey) Governor Riley issued a " Proclamation recom- 
 mending the formation of a State Constitution, or plan of a Terri- 
 torial Government." In pursuance of this proclamation, the Con- 
 vention for forming a State Constitution met in Colton Hall (now 
 used as a school house) on the first of the following September. 
 Monterey was represented by the following delegates : H. W. Hal- 
 leck,T. 0. Larkin, C T. Botts, P. Ord and L. Dent. 
 
 The labors of the Convention were successful beyond its most 
 sanguine expectations. A Constitution, remarkable for the wisdom 
 and liberality of its provisions, was adopted, and shortly afterward 
 ratified by the people. Upon adjournment, a salute of thirty-one 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 15 
 
 guns was fired, which echoed grandly back from the pine-wreathed 
 hills, proclaiming that soon a queen would step forth among the 
 sisterhood of States. 
 
 Although the convention accomplished such great results, it 
 effectually blighted the fair prospects of Monterey by the passage 
 of a resolution removing the state capital to San Jose. 
 
 By an Act of the Legislature, passed April 30th, 1851, the 
 town was duly incorporated. Philip A. Roach, who was then 
 Alcalde, was elected the first Mayor. His administration was un- 
 marked by any events worthy of special mention. He was suc- 
 ceeded by Gilbert Murdock, of the firm of Curtis & Murdock, 
 merchants, who was followed by W. H. McDowell. 
 
 Monterey did not long remain a city, for by an Act approved 
 May 11th, 1853, her charter was amended and the control of mu- 
 nicipal affairs vested in a board of three trustees. 
 
 In 1859 the town found herself so much in debt that it became 
 necessary, in order to meet her obligations, to sell the greater por- 
 tion of the Pueblo grant. Such extravagance brought the trustees 
 into disrepute, and at the next session of the Legislature the char- 
 ter was again amended in such a manner as to render their powers, 
 either for good or for evil, exceedingly limited. 
 
 During the legislative session of 1869-70 an attempt at reincor- 
 poration was made ; the bill passed the Assembly, but was defeated 
 in the Senate. Another attempt was then made, but in some man- 
 ner the bill again miscarried. A third effort to obtain the desired 
 result proved somewhat more successful. In 1^73-74 the " Act 
 to Re-incorporate the City of Monterey" was carried through both 
 
16 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Houses and reached the Governor, who, it is alleged, failed to re- 
 turn it within the specified time. Be this as it may, nothing more 
 was heard of the bill, and Monterey still remained under the nomin- 
 al control of its trustees. The board at present consists of S. B. 
 Gordon, President; H. Escolle, Treasurer ; and W. H. Bryan 
 Clerk. 
 
 Simultaneously with the growth of Salinas City, which was 
 becoming the Hveliest town in the county, arose the question of 
 county seat removal. Monterey had held this honor ever since the 
 organization of the county, and the attempt of her younger rival to 
 wrest it from her was bitterly opposed. In spite of her efforts, 
 however, a petition signed by the requisite number of voters was 
 presented to the Board of Supervisors, who, as in duty bound, 
 ordered an election ; this was held on the 6th of November, 1872, 
 the day of the presidential election. The result was a victory for 
 Salinas City, and on the following February the county seat was re- 
 moved to its present location. 
 
 From that time until the commencement of the narrow gauge 
 railroad in April, 1874, the fortunes of Monterey were at their 
 lowest ebb. Business of every description was almost stagnant ; 
 enterprise and improvement seemed to have no foothold within her 
 quiet precincts, and aptly was she called " The sleepy hollow of 
 California." Like Atri in Abbruzo, described by Longfellow as 
 
 " One of those little places that have run 
 Half up the hill beneath a blazing sun, 
 And then sat down to rest, as if to say, 
 ' I climb no farther upward, come what may,' •' 
 
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 17 
 
 She rested in peaceful somnolence — a veritable land of lotus 
 eaters — where the struggles of the outside world found no abiding 
 place. 
 
 The completion of the railroad marked a new era in the history 
 of Monterey. Connected with the fertile Salinas Valley, having 
 a safe and commodious harbor, together with ample shipping facili- 
 ties, there is no fear of a relapse into her former state of lethargy. 
 Although no great improvements have as yet been accomplished, 
 every day brings increased prosperity, and slowly but surely Mon- 
 terey is advancing to take her destined place among the cities of 
 the coast. 
 
 PORTALA'S CROSS. 
 
 # 
 
 BY BRET HARTE. 
 
 Pious Portala, journeying by land. 
 
 Reared high a cross upon the heathen strand, 
 
 Then far away 
 Dragged his slow caravan to Monterey. 
 
 The mountains whispered to the valleys, " good !'* 
 
 The sun, slow sinking in the western flood, 
 
 % Baptized in blood 
 
 The holy standard of the Brotherhood. 
 
 *J8ec " Historical Sketch " for the incident referred to in this poem. 
 
18 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 The timid fog crept in across the sea, 
 
 Drew near, embraced it, and streamed far and free, 
 
 Saying : " ye 
 Gentiles and Heathen, this is truly He.'' 
 
 All this the Heathen saw ; and when once more 
 The holy Fathers touched the lonely shore — 
 
 Then covered o'er 
 With shells and gifts — the cross their witness bore. 
 
M§STSMSf AMD fWIWiff. 
 
 Monterey has undoubtedly all the natural advantages for be- 
 coming one of the leading watering places and summer resorts of 
 the State. Her natural beauty of scenery, the crescent-shaped, 
 pine-fringed hills, sloping down through park-like groves and 
 flowery swards on to the quaint old Spanish town nestling at their 
 feet, and on again to the silvery sands and creamy ripple of the 
 surf of the broad, beautiful, blue waters of the bay ; the eye at 
 length resting on the bold outlines of the lofty Santa Cruz mount- 
 ains, towering to the sky. On the right we have Fremont's Peak 
 and the Gabilan Range, breaking the long view over the rolling 
 plains. The light and shadows create a perpetual change, and the 
 variety of scenes is such that the eye never tires of gazing at na- 
 ture's handiwork. Our sands are without rival — one long, bold 
 sweep of wide, gently sloping, clean white sands — the perfection of 
 a bathing beach. Around from the old wharf to the light-house 
 there are nooks and alcoves such as the poets love to sing as 
 the haunts of the mermaids. The great desideratum of a sea- 
 side resort is a beach upon which children can with safety play and 
 bathe, and such we certainly have. Sea mosses, shells, and pebbles 
 we have in great variety, while for the amateur naturalist, geolo- 
 gist, mineralogist, and several scientists, there are unrivaled oppor- 
 
 [19] 
 
20 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 tunities for augmenting their information and collections. Tire of 
 the town, and jou can have a trip to Carmel or Pescadero Bays, 
 beautiful in the extreme ; the old Mission of Carmel, full of histori- 
 cal interest and beauty ; Point Cypress, or the light-house on Point 
 Pinos ; the Hot Springs at Tassajara, or go fishing either in the 
 bay or the rivers of the neighbouring mountains as they flow 
 through the rocky canons ; if of a nautical turn of mind you can 
 have sailing or rowing in safe waters. The salubrity of the climate 
 is almost proverbial. Let a worn-out invalid, or a man whose 
 brains have been racked with toil, come to us — the magnetic in- 
 fluence of the atmosphere grants him sleep and restful health. 
 
 From our point of view, also, Monterey has great industrial re- 
 sources in addition to her claims as a pleasant location and fine 
 climate, but these resources are in embryo, and await the hand of 
 energy and capital to bring them to the birth. Communication 
 with the outside world was the first great desideratum, and that, 
 within the past twelve months, has been to a great extent accom- 
 plished ; the narrow-gauge railroad to Salinas connects us by land 
 with San Francisco, the Salinas Valley, and indirectly with all 
 points of the State. By sea we have regular and frequent inter- 
 course with the city and the ports of the coast. The proposed ex- 
 tension of the railroad to Hollister and a loop-line to Castroville 
 will be the means of bringing to Monterey for direct shipment to 
 foreign ports the greater portion of the grain and other pro- 
 ducts "of the fertile counties of Monterey and San Benito. It 
 is also pi*oposed, we believe, to connect the M. & S. V. K. 
 K., via Soledad, with Santa Barbara in one direction ; and in the 
 other with the Watsonville and Santa Cruz Railroad. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 21 
 
 These communications not only offer a means of carrying away 
 the products when made, but indirectly create a demand for them 
 by assisting in the subdivision of large ranches into small farms, 
 and the consequent settling-up of the country and the increased 
 wealth of its inhabitants, the production of the raw article and the 
 demand for its manufacture. The industrial contributions to this 
 demand which Monterey could make had she the men of enterprise 
 and capital to carry them out, are the following, amongst others : 
 Tanneries — the stock-raisers of the county can supply the hides, 
 and the materials for tanning we have at hand cheaper than in 
 most parts of the State ; the same remarks apply to wool and 
 cloth mills, and shoe factories. San Francisco has had to send to 
 the East for bricks, while we have the clay capable of making 
 bricks of very good quality, as is shown by those already turned 
 out ; the pottery clay is good, and ware is already manufactured 
 in small quantities. Our sand is considered the best in the State 
 for glass-making, and is exported in large quantities to San Fran- 
 cisco for that purpose. San Jose is making building-blocks out of the 
 sands of the Coyote — our sands are of purer quality, and as superior 
 to theirs for that purpose as it is possible to imagine. Experts 
 say that our indications of coal and iron are of the most promising 
 character, and no less than six or seven companies are vigorously 
 prospecting in this direction. Many other minerals are also found 
 in small quantities, but have not yet been thoroughly sea*rched for. 
 Lime kilns, flour mills and planing mills are wanted, and there are 
 good openings for them. Stock-raising, farming, and dairying are 
 sure roads to fortune in this county, and there are yet openings for 
 
22 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 
 
 all. Our fisheries, whale, and edible fish, are increasing in import- 
 ance. The great State Camp-meeting location at Pacific Grove, 
 close to town, will give ample opportunities for strangers to invest 
 in small residential properties, and more than one land-owner has 
 announced his intention of dividing his land into building lots this 
 jear. 
 
 Such are the views of some of our resources, but above all we 
 have that priceless boon of heaven, a healthy cUmate ; no agues 
 and fever, no chills or rheumatism, no sickness save that of old 
 age. The class of men who will be welcomed here are men of 
 energy and capital. As regards our town of Monterey, we have 
 enough grocers, saloonists, and mechanics ; what is actually needed 
 is a first-class hotel, or manufactories — above all, men who will stay 
 with us a year or two and help to build us up, and not fly away^ 
 with the first breeze of disappointment. 
 
 We require two first-class hotels, competent to accommodate 
 visitors by the hundreds and not by the score — one in the town 
 and one on the hill-side, or at Littletown — there are two sites 
 admirably adapted for the purpose, which will be donated free of 
 expense to any one erecting the buildings ; a race course, which 
 might be advantageously placed in Toombs' grove, or at the foot of 
 the Carmel road ; bathing houses along the beach, and one good 
 large etablissement de bains, after the French fashion, in which 
 one can take his hot or cold bath, and afterwards find amusement 
 for the body and mind, or lounge away the day luxuriously and 
 idly. Handsome stores and a thriving town would soon follow as a 
 matter of course. It is no idle dream of a sanguine visionary to 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 23 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 believe that all these things will come sooner or later, and that 
 Monterey will become one of the most fashionable summer resorts 
 for the wealthy. Santa Cruz, Aptos, and Santa Barbara have 
 already become so. Their natural advantages* are, in many re- 
 spects, inferior to those possessed by Monterey ; but they have 
 that which Monterey has not — American enterprise, and capital 
 to assist it ; a hospitable welcome to the stranger, and the hand of 
 friendship extended to all who will cast in their lot with them. 
 
 Monterey dreams idly on, and will so dream until a fresh race of 
 men, such men as are now building up our California cities, enters 
 her dreamy Eden, and, with the rough but kindly hand of energy, 
 arouses her from her lethargy. 
 
 It cannot be long before this change takes place. AH down the 
 coast, towns, not so well favored as Monterey, are being built up, 
 and her turn mu8t come. San Francisco is now too firmly fixed to 
 fear the competition of Monterey, and that opposition on the part 
 of the press to her advancement, which has done so much to keep 
 our town back, will now probably be withdrawn, if we may judge 
 from- the spirit of fair play exhibited by the Alta^ Chrojiicle^ and 
 Call^ in admitting in their columns lengthy letters from Monterey. 
 
 One very natural thought must arise in the minds of reflective 
 readers — and it is to such that we address this work — and it is 
 this : If Monterey is so blessed by Nature as you state it to be', how 
 is it that she is so decayed in her glory and sunk in her worth ? 
 How is it, that, while San Francisco, Santa Cruz, San Luis, Santa 
 Barbara, and many other towns, have sprung from nothingness into 
 
24 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 position and wealth, Monterey has only retrograded from wealth 
 and position into comparative oblivion ? 
 
 To such a thought we would reply : The gold fever caused a 
 migration of the people from Monterey ; the establishment of Sac- 
 ramento and San Francisco, whither congregated all the energy 
 and enterprise, and the consequent removal of the capital to 
 a more populated spot ; the want of communication with the in- 
 terior farming country, Monterey not having in her immediate 
 vicinity resources or population sufficient to support herself by 
 herself ; and, lastly, the character of her inhabitants — good-tem- 
 pered, kind and hospitable, easy-going and hstless, as are ail the 
 Spanish-speaking races — they lived to enjoy life easily and com- 
 fortably, not to be harassed with the cares and turmoils attending 
 energy and enterprise. Nature was bountiful to them, and they 
 lived on Nature's gifts. Mirth, music, and '' manana," with just 
 sufficient exertion as was absolutely requisite to provide for their 
 necessities, constituted their rule of Ufe. They drifted down with 
 the stream. The capital went, and then the county seat — and no 
 great exertion was made to retain either of them. A few men 
 looked ahead, and worked, and they are now enjoying their re- 
 ward ; but the majority adopted the dolce far niente habits of the 
 natives, and did nothing but exist. 
 
 There is also another section of residents, whose policy it has 
 been to retard, by every means in their power, the growth of the 
 place, and consequent entry of competition, to be soon followed, as 
 they truly thought, by the loss of their influence, prosperity, and 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 25 
 
 position ; fortunately, in the ordinary course of nature their retire- 
 ment to more congenial realms cannot be far distant. 
 
 Disquieting and prejudicial rumors of bad land titles have also 
 been sown broadcast, by interested parties, to prevent the sales of 
 property to willing investors. 
 
 The railroad has changed the state of affairs not a little ; and 
 events of the past year clearly prove, that, with an American popu- 
 lation working in harmony with the more enlightened portion of the 
 old residents and natives, a great and prosperous city may yet be 
 built upon the site of the old capital. It is for our readers to pay 
 us a visit and judge for themselves of our prospects. 
 
 Carmel Mission and Valley. 
 
 The Valley of the Carmello River affords attractions to lovers of 
 Nature such as few other places in the State can furnish. The 
 passing traveler — be he artist or , antiquary, geologist or 
 " grizzly shootist," piscator or pedestrian, "prospector" or pleasure 
 seeker — may here find something congenial to his taste. The road 
 from Monterey passes the old Cuartel, and branches off to the right, 
 having on one side a woody ravine and low, flat, level lands, stud- 
 ded, park-like, with live oaks ; on the other, the well-wooded, pine- 
 feathered hills. Half way iip the steep hill, we command a mag- 
 
 3* 
 
26 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 nificent view of Monterej, Santa Cruz, and the C astro ville and 
 Salinas Valleys, with Fremont Peak and the Gabilan for a back- 
 ground. Reaching the summit, and looking to the right, through 
 a pretty wooded glen, the eye rests upon the broad ocean. A 
 shady road, up hill and down dale, with ever-changing views, all 
 beautiful, until the hill overlooking the Carmel vale is reached, 
 and there we have a sight worthy of Eden in its happiest days. 
 On our right, the mountain, which looms before us, heavy and 
 massive, gloomy and severe, tapers oiF into a narrow, pine-fringed, 
 sea-girt point, against which the blue waters of the Carmel Bay 
 dash with ever varying beauty. This point is named Point Lobos, 
 so called from the " lobos del mar " (sea wolves, a species of seal) 
 that collect on the point, and can be seen from the shore in large 
 numbers. Silvery sands line the Bay, whiter almost than the sea 
 foam as it splashes and sprays against the dark green background. 
 To our right, the valley winds between the mountains, and at our 
 feet the Carmel glistens in the sunlight as it flows through the 
 willows to the sea. Descend the hill, turn to the right, and we 
 have reached the ruins of the old Mission. Hardly a pleasing 
 sight to any one possessing the bump of veneration even in the 
 smallest degree. A few ruined, broken-down adobes encircle a 
 dreary, desolate, semi-roofless building, beautiful even in decay — all 
 that is left of the second Mission in California, and one that in its 
 day must have been a grand edifice, for it bears unmistakable 
 evidence of an accurate knowledge of architecture, blended with a 
 bold conception in its detail and skillful workmanship, considering 
 the materials at hand. In 1770, a little more than one hundred 
 
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 27 
 
 years ago, the venerable Franciscan, Junipero Serra, wandering 
 over mountains and through vales, preaching the gospel of good 
 tidings and great joy, hung his bells on a tree in this spot, and 
 houted, " Hear, hear, ye gentiles, come to the Holy Church !" 
 and thus gathered around him the Indian tribes of the Rumsienes 
 or Runsiens, the Escelenes or Eslens, the Eclemaches and Achas- 
 tUes. Captivated by the scenery, its proximity to the sea, and, 
 above all, the beautiful stream of water and the general fertihty of 
 the valley, Serra 
 
 " Sought in these mountain solitudes a home ; • 
 
 He founded here his convent, and his rule 
 Of prayer and work, and counted work as prayer." 
 
 He labored zealously among his native converts, and died in 1784, 
 loved by them all. He Ues buried in the Mission which he founded. 
 
 Visitors should inspect the curious old pictures and relics of 
 antiquity in the chapel on the right. 
 
 We climb up into the deserted belfry, where erst the bells have 
 pealed, calling the worshipers to mass ; and rouse from his day- 
 dreams its sole tenant — the traditional old, grey owl, that stares 
 wonderingly at us from its saucer-like eyes. 
 
 As we sit upon one of the fallen roof-beams, and gaze upon the 
 shattered font, the broken-down crosses, the ruined altar, and the 
 general scene of devastation and desolation around us, and remem- 
 ber that this is one of the most ancient and important historical 
 monuments of California, the home and the grave of the moral hero 
 of the age, the true pioneer of California progress — Junipero Serra, 
 and the tomb of no less than fifteen Governors of this State, a 
 
28 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 painful feeling controls us. Carmel Mission is the old Westminster 
 Abbey of the State, the mausoleum of the great and the good, and 
 the nation rewards the services of the past by giving up 
 the dust of the good and brave to the guardianship of 
 gophers and squirrels. Thorns and briars, nettles and loathsome 
 weeds, adorn their graves. A few short years, and naught will re- 
 main of this holy edifice save an undistinguishable mass of debris. 
 A few more years, and it will be too late — even now it will be some- 
 what difficult — to restore it. Whatever is done should be done 
 quickly, nobly, and generously, for the present state of the Mission 
 is a standing reproach to the church which owns it and a disgrace 
 to the whole State of California. It is a monument for the preser- 
 vation of which every Oalifornian, especially the wealthy Pioneers, 
 should exert themselves to have the work of renovating the build- 
 ing commenced as soon as possible. The day will come when his- 
 tory will mark with contempt the present generation for permitting 
 the decay of this, the last resting place of the great and good 
 Padre Junipero. 
 
 On the 4th of November of each year the Monterey Padre holds 
 a religious festival in honor of San Carlos, the patron saint of Car- 
 mello. The ruins are decorated with flowers and evergreens, and 
 mirth and festivity are the order of the day. 
 
 In the Mission soil were raised the first potatoes cultivated in Cal- 
 ifoj-nia. In 1771, an inventory of stock showed the Mission to be pos- 
 sessed of 19 head of cattle, 10 mules, and 4 horses. The height 
 of its prosperity was reached in 1825. It then owned 87,600 head 
 of cattle, 60,000 sheep, 2,300 calves, 1,800 horses, 365 yoke of 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 29 
 
 oxen, a large amount of merchandise, and $40,000 in specie. 
 There is a tradition among the natives, that this money was buried 
 somewhere, on the report that a vessel, supposed to be a pirate, 
 had been seen off the coast. 
 
 Passing down the coast road the geologist may pursue his invest- 
 igations ; or by obtaining a " permit" from Mr. A. Manuel, the 
 obliging secretary of the " Monterey Coal Mine Company," may 
 visit that mine and judge for himself of the prospects of our coal 
 deposits. 
 
 Still further down the coast, he may find more coal mines, wild 
 and romantic scenery, grizzly bears, deer, trout-fishing, and other 
 interesting and exciting " kill-times." 
 
 Returning, he will find a small and pretty bay, forming a splendid 
 fishing boat harbor, and occupied by a company of Portuguese 
 whalers and Chinese fishermen. Here fresh fish and salmon-spear- 
 ing may be had. 
 
 Returning to the valley, we pass on the hill-side a substantial 
 modern building, Mr. Gregg's house. His ranch is notable on ac- 
 count of more than one fortunate owner having made a comfortable 
 " pile" on potatoes, the quantity and quality of which are very 
 ai;ood. 
 
 Journeying up the Carmel valley and passing the second dairy 
 farm on the Haight Ranch, (Mr. McDonald's) he will see to his 
 right, across the river, the mouth of a canon, to the left of which a 
 number of small shanties constitute the "• rancheria." In one of 
 these shanties there lately died an Indian woman who was a " mu- 
 chacha" of some twenty-five summers when the Mission was formed. 
 
30 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 The road passing up the canon leads to the Potrero and San 
 Francisquito ranches, belonging to the Sargent Bros., and one of 
 the residences of B. W. Sargent, a gentleman deservedly popular 
 throughout the county ; also to the bee and fruit ranch of Messrs. 
 Smith & Wright, whose red-cheeked peaches and luscious grapes 
 are justly celebrated. There is also a quicksilver mine in their 
 neighborhood. 
 
 Continuing our journey along the main Carmel road, we come to 
 the James Meadows grant. Mr. Meadows is one of the oldest of 
 the Pioneers, he having come to Monterey in 1837. The school- 
 house is upon this gentleman's land. 
 
 The next farm is held by Mr. Berwick, an English gentleman, 
 whose enterprising experiments in agriculture cannot fail to be pro- 
 ductive of great benefit to the State, and let us heartily wish it, to 
 himself. 
 
 The dairy of the Snively Bros, is the next farm. Their butter 
 commands the same price in the San Francisco markets as any of 
 the first-class fancy dairies, and upon more than one occasion the 
 price has been higher. 
 
 They planted, four years ago, as an experiment, two almond 
 trees, two years old. One of them is now twenty feet high, with a 
 spread of twenty feet, and a girth, one foot from the ground, of 
 three feet. The tree bears a good quality of fruit. Their vines 
 are healthy. There is one little fellow about eighteen inches high, 
 which has four large bunches of grapes upon it. The peach, apri- 
 cot, pear, and nectarine trees are simply loaded with fruit. Cher- 
 ries and strawberries thrive well. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 31 
 
 Their orange trees have not had a fair trial at present, but 
 pomegranates thrive well. 
 
 The ranch of Thomas Bralee is next reached. He came to 
 Monterey first in 1844, returning to reside in 1847. The land- 
 scape here is very beautiful — hanging rocks and craggy buttresses. 
 
 The Laurelles ranch adjoins Mr. Bralee's, is one and one-half 
 leagues in extent, and is the property of Spaulding & Co. 
 Mr. S. is the well known professor of circular saw dentistry in 
 San Francisco, and is here engaged in the laudable endeavour to 
 make a somewhat wild tract of country " blossom as the rose." 
 The road runs through very romantic and picturesque scenery, and 
 the traveler may readily recognize the glossy green fragrant foliage 
 of the laurel trees (^Oreodaphne Californica') from which the 
 ranch derives its name. 
 
 There is some good trout-fishing in the mountain streams, south 
 of the Carmelo River, on the Government land abutting on this and 
 the next ranch. 
 
 Los Tularcitos, of five and one-fourth leagues in extent, is the 
 property of A. J. Ougheltree, a pioneer of '49. This fine tract of 
 land situate in Europe might well constitute a ducal domain. In 
 California, however, it merely passes as a " fine ranch." 
 
 The first house passed on the road is in what is known as the 
 Chupinos Canon, and is occupied by a dairyman ; the next is Mr. 
 O.'s dwelling house, charmingly situated near a small lagoon of 
 spring water. Presuming our geologist to be also a palaeontologist, 
 he may, by inquiring of Mr. 0., have an opportunity of examining 
 some mammoth palaeontological remains that are visible hereabouts. 
 
32 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Leaving the main road, and striking over the hills, south of Mr. 
 O.'s house, the Jachagua Yallev is reached. Retracing your 
 steps to Mr. O.'s house, and again pursuing the main road, we 
 pass S. P. G-ordon's ranch, Los Conejos, three-fourths league ; 
 Government land succeeds to this, occupied by Messrs. Finch, 
 Robinson, James, and others. Near Mr. James' house the wagon 
 road ends, and some ten miles of trail leads to the last glory of 
 C arm el. 
 
 The Tassajara Hot Springs, 
 
 About forty-five miles from Monterey. There are here some dozen 
 hot mineral springs — reported to be very effective remedial agents. 
 " All the ills that flesh is heir to,'' barring consumption, may here 
 find alleviation or cure. The late Dr. C. A. Canfield, our ^lonte- 
 rey savant, forwarded some of the water to the Smithsonian Insti- 
 tute, to be analyzed ; and it was reported the richest spring then 
 known in the United States. Thirty-two distinct ingredients were 
 found therein. The water reaches the surface of the earth at 140 
 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. Mr. John Borden, the present pro- 
 prietor, reports some remarkable cures. 
 
 The proprietor is endeavoring to form a joint stock company to 
 build a comfortable hotel and bath houses. Visitors can be accom- 
 modated either with " al fresco " lodgings, in which case they 
 should carry their own necessaries, save provisions of all kinds, 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 83 
 
 which can be furnished to them ; or board and lodging can be 
 found for a limited number. 
 
 Having completed his course of baths, our traveler may now 
 proceed to the Mission of Soledad, twenty-five miles hence, or to 
 the Mission of San Antonio, through the Reliz Canon, about the 
 same distance. 
 
 Throughout the whole of Carmel the hunter may find sport in 
 plenty. Quails, rabbits, and hares are abundant, only too abun- 
 dant for the farmer's good. Deer are to be found in the hills, and 
 bear are in force towards the coast. 
 
 The products of the Valley are beef, butter, cheese, potatoes, and 
 pork. Early potatoes are raised on the coast, and last season Mr. 
 Gregg shipped 6,000 sacks of late potatoes that were noted in the 
 market for their superior quality. 
 
 Whale oil and dried fish are also produced to a great extent. 
 
 For salubrity of climate, Carmel may fairly be considered unex- 
 celled, possibly unsurpassable in the world. 
 
 Crops rarely fail on well tilled land, and even in years of drouth, 
 grasses do not entirely forget to grow. 
 
 The following letter, on the coast lands of this county, we copy 
 from the Santa Clara Echo : 
 
 " Editors Echo : — Thinking a short communication in regard to 
 this county might be acceptable, I send you the following account of 
 its advantages as a district wherein settlers may procure desirable 
 farming and grazing lands. 
 
 " There is a section of country south of here, (Monterey) lying 
 directly on the coast — principally Government land — many valuable 
 
 4 
 
34 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 portions of which are still unoccupied, that for climate, soil, and gen- 
 eral adaptability for grazing purposes, cannot be excelled in the 
 United States, which is saying a great deal. There is a steep 
 range of mountains, running on a line with the ocean, and not far 
 from it. On the slope of this range, facing the ocean, there is 
 some of the finest land you ever gazed upon, comprising tables, or 
 ridges, and pretty little valleys. In the deep gulches intervening 
 there is the greatest abundance of the finest redwood and tan-bark 
 oak ; and in almost every one of these gulches there is a running 
 stream of water the year round, while one or two approach almost 
 the proportions of rivers. The grass continues fresh and green the 
 entire year. When stock is once driven into this range there is no 
 danger of their straying out ; indeed, you may stand in your door- 
 way and see them easily during the whole day. To add to the 
 many other advantages that this beautiful section of country pos- 
 sesses over other parts of the State, is the fact that there is but one 
 Spanish grant between the Carmello and San Luis Obispo, a distaifce 
 of from eighty to one hundred miles. 
 
 " It is a paradise for hunters, or for those who desire to live cheap 
 and do but Uttle work ; yet it might not be deemed such by one 
 who owned a fine place on the line of your Alameda, but we are not 
 all so fortunate as to be possessed of such valuable property. Deer, 
 quail, and rabbits abound in abundance, while in the larger streams 
 trout are plenty ; then, if you dislike this sport, you can go down 
 to the ledges in front of your little cot, and fish in the surf for rock- 
 cod, which are very plenty, and easily caught. But the principal 
 feature is its remarkable climate, it being entirely free from frost 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 35 
 
 throughout the year — at least, none near the ocean, although on 
 the hills it may be cold enough. To assure you further, I will 
 give you a little of my personal experience. During Christmas 
 week I was down the coast, some ten miles from here, (Monterey) 
 prospecting for coal, (and here let me inform you that fine prospects 
 of gold, silver, coal, and other minerals have been found in this 
 section) and while camping with some Spaniards, on their " squat," 
 I soon felt the remarkable difference in the climate there and that 
 of other sections north, although we were only a short distance 
 from them. At night I slept on the mud floor of the barn, with 
 only a little hay under me, with a thin blanket and a quilt for cover- 
 ing ; and although the wind blew pretty fresh from the ocean, and 
 you could put your hand anywhere through the crevices in the 
 shakes that covered the barn, I had to throw off the quilt during 
 the night, it being uncomfortably warm. In the morning before sun- 
 rise I could work quite comfortably without coat or vest ; yet it is 
 never hot or sultry during the summer season. 
 
 " On that night, as I learned afterwards, pumps and water-pipes 
 froze in other places. After breakfast, while we were walking 
 through a field, one of the Spaniards called my attention to some 
 weeds under our feet ; and there, exposed to my view, lay the 
 tenderest plant that grows in California, it being no less than the 
 Chile pepper, and that, too, in full bloom. ' How is that for 
 high,' on a New Year's day ? He also pulled up a potato vine, 
 with a new potato hanging to it that was as large as a common 
 sized hen egg. 
 
 " You will doubtless ask why such a country should remain 
 
36 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 unsettled to this late day in California. I answer as best I can. 
 There is, as yet, but a very sparse population, and the country in 
 question has been almost inaccessible till within a few years, mainly 
 on account of the bad roads, or rather, the entire lack of them. 
 Up to some three years ago there "was little more than a horse trail 
 below the Carmello ; but now you can go with a wagon for about 
 six miles from that stream. Below the present terminus, I am 
 told that the country looks splendid, and that the timber through 
 that country is heavy and plenty. I have been informed that 
 claims can be bought quite cheap, say from $300 to |1,000 ; or 
 claims can be taken up. Although the gulches are steep and the 
 bends in the road are sharp, you can haul with a good span of 
 horses five or six hundred pounds. The population are all males ; 
 I hear of only one woman being down there. You will bear in 
 mind that new settlers do not always represent the best society. 
 
 "Yours, C. S. 
 
 " Monterey, February 7th." 
 
 Cypress Point. 
 
 Cypress Point is the one spot more perfectly adapted than any 
 other place in the State for picnics and camping out. 
 
 Start out along the Carmel road, and take the path through the 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 37 
 
 woods ; climb the hill, and, resting on the flower-bedecked turf, 
 surrounded by ferns and groves, take in the view. Adown the 
 wooded slope, carpeted with a profusion of flowers of all colors 
 under the sun, the brown, barren-looking moorlands of the Salinas 
 plain rising and falling like an inanimate sea of motionless billows, 
 with here and there a bright emerald patch of some small, well- 
 tilled farm shining like a rough-set jewel. The stern and sombre 
 Gabilan range, with its serrated ridges and dark clusters of pine 
 woods, mellowed down with a filmy haze enshrouding its base. On 
 our left, the beautifully blue waters of the Bay of Monterey, as 
 smooth as a lake, half crescented with the lofty Santa Cruz range, 
 its pine-feathered ridges, the white sands upon which the milk- 
 white foam creeps and crawls with a sinuous motion like some huge 
 leviathan of the deep. The azure heavens flecked with clouds. 
 The whole panorama is one which the all-souled artist lives and 
 loves to paint. Surely the " Naples of the New World " is the 
 Bay of Monterey. 
 
 On once again. We now enter a well shaded road, and catch 
 charming glimpses, here and there, of the grand old Carmel range, 
 and then suddenly there bursts upon our entranced sight a pano- 
 rama of sky, ocean, and woods. The broad Pacific is only dis- 
 tinguishable from the heavens above it by its glittering sheen as 
 the sunlight plays upon its heaving breast. Anon, a little snow- 
 flake of foam dances on the molten surface as one billow, more 
 playful than the rest, shakes its snowy crest, or the white sails of 
 a ship appear, as swan-like she glides along the water. The 
 weird forest, with its gaunt, ghoul-like, black pines, moaning in 
 
 4* 
 
38 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 harmony with the ceaseless roar of the waves as the breeze plays 
 through the branches. Cold and uninviting is the distant view of 
 this grim protector of the mysterious shades of the melancholy 
 cypress. Enter the forest, and as you pass through the flowery 
 glades the fragrance of the shrubs and the songs of the birds fall 
 pleasantly on the senses. Pass on, and crossing an open space of 
 green turf, startling the rabbits and quail, we enter another grove ; 
 the sun-flecks through the moss-hung and bearded trees, creating a 
 pleasant, subdued light, such as is met with in the ancient minsters 
 and Moorish alcazars of Europe. An involuntary thrill of delight 
 runs through one, and from the storehouse of the mind rushes a 
 flood of memory of childhood's days with its ancient legends of en- 
 chanted groves and fairies. A few steps further, and the mystical 
 grove is reached and crossed, and we gaze with rapture on the 
 beauty of the sea coast. Surely God's world, beautiful as it is, 
 can scarcely show fairer spots. 
 
 Landward the imperturbable cypress grove, silent as the Pyra- 
 mids, mystical as the Sphinx, the gnarled gray trunks supporting 
 the golden green branches — a fit haunt for departed spirits, a 
 Merlin, or a slumbering cot for a child of Cain. 
 
 " Caiii. Cypress ! 'tis a gloomy tree, 
 
 As if it mourned o'er what it shadows ; 
 
 Wherefore didst thou choose it 
 
 For our child's canopy ? 
 Adah. Because its branches 
 
 Shut out the sun like night, and therefore seem'd 
 
 Fitting to shadow slumber. 
 Cain. r Ay, the last and longest." 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 39 
 
 The sierras of the Santa Lucia droop down into the sea, brown, 
 barren, and velvety, hke some old dust-begrimed tome in the old 
 library at home, uninviting on the outside but containing untold 
 riches under its gloomy and unforbidding garb. The ill starred 
 More rock lifts its dome-shaped head with threatening aspect, 
 warning mariners of the dangers of a rock-bound coast. The 
 craggy rocks jut out into the ocean, and the playful breakers as 
 they dash upon them send aloft showers of spray white as driven 
 snow, while the sunlight shines through the bright green billows as 
 they curl and dash along in their impetuous, never-ending race. 
 At our feet the silvery crystal sands are sprinkled with glistening 
 abelone shells, sea polished, and the varied colors of the beautiful 
 sea mosses. Little pools teem with marine life and form a perfect 
 aquaria, and the broad Pacific sweeps on in its uncontrollable 
 course, bearing upon its bosom the wealth of empires. 
 
 Cross the point through the woody glades towards Point Pinos, 
 passing pretty bays with white crystal sands and shelving beaches. 
 Here the billows charge in with a greater impetuosity, but well in 
 hand they break in a creamy ripple at the foot of the green-patched 
 sand dunes. The black pines from which the point was named 
 three hundred years ago, almost skirt the water. The mountains 
 of Santa Cruz bound the view. The many-plumaged sea birds flit 
 by, and the sea lions dive under the foaming billows. Stay and 
 watch the setting sun gild the trees and cast a golden haze upon 
 the swelling waters, and then ride home through the moonlit groves, 
 
40 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 and if your trip to Cypress Point has not been a happy one blame 
 yourself, for possibly you may have forgotten that 
 
 ** He who joy would win, 
 Must share it — happiness was born a twin." 
 
 The Monterey Cypress. 
 
 We extract the following from a letter written by the late Dr. 
 Canfield to the " Monterey Republican : " 
 
 " Very few ornamental trees are so easily made to grow in this 
 part of California, or are so useful when grown, as the Monterey 
 Cypress. Some trees, it is true, are easier raised and grow faster, 
 but are good for nothing when grown, and speedily decay. * * 
 
 " The Monterey Cypress, it is unnecessary for me to say to those 
 who have seen it, is a beautiful evergreen, grows rapidly, is thick, 
 stout, and graceful, attaining a height of 40 to 60 feet. The 
 largest trunk I measured in the grove at Point Cypress, was nine- 
 teen feet and two inches in circumference at three feet above the 
 ground ; or about six feet and four inches in diameter. The tim- 
 ber is very durable, and makes excellent posts and rails. The 
 cones, or globules, are produced every year, and are about the size 
 of a large filbert. The seed is, in shape and size, like onion seed, 
 and may be sown in the same way and in the same sort of soil. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 41 
 
 The cones do not fall from the trees, and the seed is retained in 
 them at Cypress Point, where the trees are kept almost constantly 
 damp by the fog that rolls in from the ocean, till it often becomes 
 mouldy and worthless. * * * With good seed it is as easy to 
 raise Cypress trees as it is to raise onions or parsnips. But great 
 care must be taken in transplanting them from the seed bed in the 
 nursery, not to let the roots dry. This should be done just so soon 
 in the fall as the ground becomes thoroughly moist, and the more 
 dirt taken up with the roots the better. As soon as the ground 
 begins to get dry in the spring or summer, the trees should be 
 well watered every two or three days, sufficiently k) keep the 
 ground around their roots moist. And the second year, also, if 
 any of the trees look feeble or unthrifty, they should be well 
 watered. If planted on dry land, they cannot be injured by plen- 
 tiful watering. The danger is that they will not have enough. 
 
 " The botanical name of the Monterey cypress js Cupressus 
 Macrocarpa, of Hartweg : it was afterwards called 0. Macrabiana 
 by a Scotch florist, Murray, but this latter name is not used among 
 botanists. Besides the large cypress, we have a very interesting 
 dwarf species growing on the barren hills near town, and in a few 
 other localities along the Coast. The Cupressus G-oveniana^ Gor- 
 don. It is a miniature tree, never more than ten feet high, but 
 often loaded with cones, or galbules, when a foot high. Some 
 botanists have not been willing to admit that this is anything more 
 than a variety of the Maerocarpa^ but I have proved by careful ob- 
 servation, by cultivation, etc., that it is a good species, and that it 
 comes true from the seed ; and I believe there is no longer any 
 
42 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 doubt of its, being a distinct species. This, although a dwarf, does 
 not grow bushy or straggUng, but upright, straight and tree-Hke, 
 and with a thin or sparse fohage, making a very curious and pretty 
 ornament for cultivation, with its thick clusters of cones. Like the 
 large Monterey Cypress, it is easily raised from seed. * * * 
 The Monterey Cypress, though naturally growing in a few very lim- 
 ited localities along the coast near Monterey, readily grows almost 
 anywhere in this State by taking a little care and observing the be- 
 fore mentioned precautions." 
 
 MONTEREY. 
 
 BY DANIEL O'CONNELL. 
 
 In a mantle of old traditions, 
 In the rime of a vanished day, 
 The shrouded and silent city 
 Sits by her crescent bay. 
 
 The ruined fort on the hill-top, 
 Where never a bunting streams. 
 Looks down, a cannonless fortress. 
 On the solemn city of dreams. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 43 
 
 Gardens of wonderful roses, 
 Climbing o'er roof, tree and wall, 
 Woodbine and crimson geranium. 
 Hollyhocks, purple and tall, 
 
 Mingle their odorous breathings 
 With the (?risp, salt breeze, from the sands, 
 Where pebbles and sounding sea shells 
 Are gathered by children's hands. 
 
 Women with olive faces, 
 And the liquid southern eye, 
 Dark as the forest berries 
 That grace the woods in July, 
 
 Tenderly train the roses. 
 Gathering here and there 
 A bud — the richest and rarest — 
 For a place in their long, dark hair. 
 
 Feeble and garrulous old men 
 
 Tell in the Spanish tongue 
 
 Of the good, grand times at the Mission, 
 
 And the hymns that the Fathers sung ; 
 
 Of the oil and the wine, and the plenty. 
 And the dance in the twilight gray — 
 " Ah, these," and the head shakes sadly, 
 " Were good times in Monterey !" 
 
44 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Behind in the march of cities — 
 The last in the easier stride 
 Of villages later born — 
 She dreams by the ocean side. 
 
 The Monterey Whale Fishery. 
 
 The whale fishery, which for the last twenty-five years has con- 
 stituted one of the most important of our local industries, is likely 
 soon to become a thing of the past. The whales are gradually be- 
 coming scarcer, and now that the tide of commerce is turning this 
 way, they will, ere long, give our bay a wide berth. 
 
 Of the various species of whales which frequent the coast of Cal- 
 ifornia, the most valuable are the Sperm Whale, Right Whale, 
 Humpback, Finback, Sulphurbottom and California Gray. Many 
 years ago, while California was yet a province of Mexico, the New 
 Bedford whale ships caught large numbers of Sperm and Right 
 whales along this coast ; but these species have now almost disap- 
 peared, and our whalers have to content themselves with the more 
 numerous but less valuable California Greys and Humpbacks. 
 Occasionally, however, a Sulphurbottom or Right Whale is caught, 
 but this is a rare occurence. 
 
 It was for the purpose of catching the Humpbacks, known to be 
 
HAND BOOK OF- MONTEREY. 45 
 
 numerous in this bay, that the Monterey Whahng Company was 
 organized in 1854. In the fall of that year, Capt. J. P. Daven- 
 port, an old and experienced whaler, got together a company of 
 twelve men, only three or four of whom were regular whalemen, 
 the balance being ^' land lubbers." They had two boats, and met 
 with pretty good success, as the whales were tame and easily 
 caught in the old fashioned manner with harpoons and lances. 
 Capt. Davenport brought a number of bombs with him from the 
 east, but owing to some defect, they proved worthless and were not 
 used. The price of oil falling to twenty-five cents per gallon, the 
 company was disbanded before the commencement of the next sea- 
 son. 
 
 The whales, however, were not allowed to rest, for in 1855 the 
 company of Portuguese, known as the " Old Company," was or- 
 ganized with seventeen men and two boats. Although at first they 
 used no guns, they succeeded in taking about 800 barrels of 
 Humpback oil annually for about three years. 
 
 In the Autumn of 1858, Capt. Avery of the schooner Sovereign 
 noticed a school of California Greys playing near the surf, about 
 three miles from town. He informed the Avhalers of his discovery 
 and they at once proceeded to the spot indicated and caught several 
 of the school, besides many others of the same species, before the 
 season closed. In the winter of the same year (1858) Capt. Dav- 
 enport again started in with two boats well manned and equipped 
 with bomb and harpoon guns. Both companies whaled in the bay 
 with varying success, getting from 600 to 1000 barrels annually 
 per company, for several years, when Capt. Davenport withdrew 
 
46 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 from the business. His company has since been known as the 
 " New Company" of Portuguese whalers. During the season of 
 1862-63 each company secured about 1700 barrels of oil. This 
 was one of their most successful years. 
 
 In 1861 the Carmel Company was organized. At first they 
 whaled in this bay, but in the spring of 1862 they moved to their 
 present station on Carmel Bay. 
 
 The Humpback season commences about the 10th of August 
 and expires about the first of December. The California Grey 
 season then commences and continues until the middle of April. 
 The first half of the season is called the "going down season," as 
 the whales are then descending from their summer haunts in the 
 Arctic ocean to the lagoons and bays on the lower coast, for the 
 purpose of bringing forth their young. It is during the "coming 
 up season," as their return northward is called, that the greater 
 number of whales are caught ; for if the whalers can succeed in 
 striking the " calf" the "cow" is an easy capture, as she will die 
 rather than desert her offspring. 
 
 This brings us to the means of capturing these marine monsters. 
 At the first streak of dawn the whalers man their boats, six to a 
 boat, and proceed to the whaling "ground"* near Point Pinos. 
 Here they lay on their oars and carefully scan the water for a 
 " spout." Suddenly some one sees the wished-for column of mist 
 foam, and cries out " There she blows !" Then all is activity, the 
 boat is headed for the whale and the guns are made ready to fire. 
 When within a short distance of the animal the oars are " peaked" 
 and the boat is propelled by paddles so as not to disturb the wary 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 47 
 
 whale. Having arrived within shooting distance, which is about 
 forty yards, the harpoon, connected with a long line, is fired into 
 whatever part of the animal is visible. Down goes the whale, the 
 line with a turn around the " loggerhead " of the boat being allowed 
 to run out for several hundred yards, when it is held fast. The 
 whale generally makes a direct course for the open ocean, dragging 
 the boat after with almost lightning rapidity. Soon, however, it 
 becomes weary and comes to the surface to breathe ; now is the 
 . golden opportunity; the boat approaches as near as possible and a 
 bomb-lance is fired. In case this enters a vital part, the animal 
 dies instantly, but oftener it does not, and the same maneuvering 
 as before is repeated until two or three bombs have been shot be- 
 fore the animal is killed. It is then towed to the try works, where 
 the " blubber," as the casing of fat with which it is covered is 
 called, is removed, cut into small pieces, and boiled out. Some- 
 times, however, the whale will sink as soon as killed ; should such 
 be the case, a buoy is attached to the line, and the animal is left 
 until the generation of gases in its body causes it to rise, which us- 
 ually occurs in from three to nine days. It is then towed in and 
 " tried out " as before. 
 
 The usual yield of a California Grey is about forty barrels if a 
 female, and twenty-five barrels if a male. That of a Humpback 
 about the same. The average size of a California Grey is forty-two 
 feet in length, and twenty-eight or thirty feet in circumference. A 
 Sulphurbottom is occasionally caught which measures a hundred 
 feet from tip to tip. In 1873 the New Company commanded by 
 Capt. Pray, captured a Right Whale seventy feet long and fifty feet 
 
48 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 » 
 
 in circumference. It yielded 175 barrels of oil and 1500 pounds 
 of bone, and netted the company over f2000. At the close of 
 that season the two companies, numbering in all thirty-four men, 
 were consolidated into one company of twenty-three men, eleven 
 quitting the business entirely. 
 
 The life of a whaler is very exciting and dangerous, as the boat is 
 sometimes capsized or swamped, and the men have to swim for their 
 lives. Yet such is the force of habit, that they seem to feel no 
 more fear when in pursuit of a whale than if they were upon dry 
 land. 
 
 A good story is told of a gentleman who upon assuring the 
 whalers that he knew not what fear meant, was allowed to go out 
 with them in their boat. Soon a whale spouted near by, and the 
 Captain, true to his aim, lodged a harpoon in its body. The whale 
 made for the mouth of the bay, the boat almost flying in its wake. 
 The amateur whaler now began to get excited, not to say scared. 
 His teeth chattered, he prayed, and hung on to the boat like grim 
 death. Faster and faster went the boat, the water just even with 
 the gunwale, and whiter and whiter grew the gentleman's face. At 
 length the limit of his endurance was reached. He jumped to his 
 feet and yelled out in frantic accents : " Cut the rope ! For 
 heaven's sake cut the rope, I'll pay for the whale !" The rope was 
 not cut and the whale was secured without much difficulty. All 
 who wish to know more of this most interesting division of the ce- 
 taceans are referred to Capt. C. M. Scammon's excellent work, 
 *' Marine Mammals of the Pacific Coast." 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 49 
 
 Our Chinese Colony. 
 
 Chinatown is distant from Monterey about one mile from the 
 outskirts of the town, and is situated on one of the numerous small 
 bays that line the bay of Monterey. It is admirably selected for 
 the business carried on by its enterprising citizens — fish-curing and 
 abelone shell shipping. Its inhabitants are frugal, industrious, and 
 well behaved. Little or no crime occurs among them, and so 
 far as our experience goes, they are a sober, honest set of men, and 
 compare very favorably with their countrymen throughout the 
 State. " Tim," a California-born Chinaman, speaks English and 
 Spanish as fluently as a native. The census of Chinatown is as 
 follows : Man Lee Company, three men and three women ; Sun 
 Sing Lee Company, three men, two wonen, and three children ; Yek 
 Lee Company, six men, two women, and one child ; Yee Lee Com- 
 pany, six men, two women, and three children ; Man Sing Company, 
 four men and one woman. In connection with these companies are 
 those of Carmel, Pescadero, and Portuguese Bay — Sun Choy Lee 
 Company, eleven men and one woman ; Boo Lee Company, eight 
 men, and Dai Lee Company, eight men. There aro about twenty 
 men and eig]\t women outside of these companies in different em- 
 ployments in the town and neighborhood. 
 
 The Chinese industries are fishing for rockfish, cod, halibut, flound- 
 ers, red and blue fish, yellow tail, mackerel, sardines, and shell fish, 
 
 the greater part of which are split open, salted, and dried in the sun 
 5* 
 
50 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 for exportation to San Francisco, whence they find their way to the 
 mines throughout the State, and abroad. It may be estimated that 
 the amount of dried fish exported from Monterey annually averages 
 nearly 100 tons. The Chinese collect also large quantities of 
 abelone shells, which find a ready market at $20 a ton. They 
 possess about thirty boats, nearly all of which were built by them- 
 selves. They are sailed in the Chinese fashion. During the past 
 month they have commenced shipping fresh fish to Gilroy, San 
 Jos6, and other interior towns. Although they import from San 
 Francisco the greater portion of their merchandise, they purchase 
 very liberally of the merchants in town, and as their trade is always 
 for cash, they are very desirable customers in these hard times. 
 
 Pacific Grove Retreat— The M. E. Encampment 
 
 Grounds. 
 
 The eastern boundary is about one-half mile west of Chinatown, 
 and, following the sea-shore, the tract extends to the line fence of 
 the dairy farm this side of the Light House. This last boundary 
 is marked by a conspicuous pile of rocks, which, looking as if it 
 might be a Druidical monument, is the termination of a promontory 
 that breaks the force of the northwesters, and shelters the sea line 
 of the tract. Under the lee of the promontory is a beautiful little 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 51 
 
 cove, possessing a smooth beach, and being almost entirely free 
 from surf. This is the spot selected for bathing houses. Behind this 
 cove are pine woods, interspersed with oaks, covering a surface of 
 sufficient extent and smoothness for the accommodation of any con- 
 gregation of auditors. Here, therefore, as this survey indicates, 
 will be placed the stand for the preachers. The site selected for 
 the hotel, or hotels, occupies ground centrally located with refer- 
 ence to the sea, upon which the buildings, therefore, will look out 
 directly. A broad avenue traverses the grounds, with side streets, 
 separating lots, upon which villas are expected to be erected. 
 
 The general arrangements of the Encampment are based upon the 
 principles guiding those of the Eastern States, especially the one 
 held at Ocean Grove, in the vicinity of Long Branch, N. J., and 
 are under the control of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 One hundred acres are divided into residential lots, a park, a 
 pleasure ground, a grand avenue, minor streets and avenues, and 
 the town. The lots are divided into sections, ranging from 30x60 
 to 30x125. 
 
 The principal buildings are the preachers' stand — an elegant 
 structure, carefully and substantially built by Prinz, of Monterey, 
 containing a platform for the ministers, and seats for the choir. It 
 faces the congregational ground, which is arranged in a perfect 
 circle, 200 feet in diameter, with a ring of tents around it, and a 
 roadway of seventy-five feet. The aisles range from four to twelve 
 feet in width. Benches are provided to accomodate about 5000 
 people. The whole is covered by the shade of the pines — tall, 
 
52 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 straight, young trees — through whose gothic branches the sunUght 
 falls subdued. 
 
 The restaurant is a commodious building 33x90 feet, placed but 
 a short distance from the congregational ground. It will be run 
 on the ticket system, by R. C. Wormes. In close proximity are the 
 grocery and provision store, 24x50 feet ; the meat market is 
 24x50 feet, and the furnishing and clothing store. 
 
 On the opposite side of the street are six dormitories, each 
 24x50 feet. There is also a laundry. 
 
 Adn^irable arrangements are made for conveniences necessary 
 to civilization. 
 
 The stable accomodations are a few rods off, on the Monterey 
 side, around a large well. 
 
 The water for the use of the camp, in addition to three wells on 
 the grounds, is brought 3300 feet in pipes from a tank containing 
 6000 gallons, filled from a never-failing stream, and is raised sixty- 
 two feet above the level of the grounds ; it flows into another tank, 
 with a capacity of 15,000 gallons, having a clear fall to the highest 
 point on the grounds, of twenty feet. Both tanks will be kept con- 
 stantly filled, as a large quantity will be consumed in sprinkling 
 the roads and grounds. There are also some very valuable sul- 
 phur and chalybeate springs within a short distance, which can be 
 introduced without much trouble. _ 
 
 New tents can be bought on the grounds at wholesale prices, or 
 rented at very low figures. 
 
 Ordinary campers, except during the meeting, will be charged 
 fifty cents a head, to include wood, water, and cleaning up. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 53 
 
 The bath-house is 60x24 feet, and contains twenty-two dressing 
 rooms. It is conveniently placed in a small ravine on the verge of 
 a beautiful little bay, whose sandy floor rivals in whiteness the 
 marble of the Komans' bath. The water is transparently clear, 
 and is always warm, being sheltered from the wind by picturesque 
 rocky cliffs. The view of the numerous baylets and jutting rocks, 
 over which the blue waves dash in merry sport, and the Gabilan 
 Range in the foreground, is lovely in the extreme. 
 
 The Executive Committee are the Rev. J. 0. Ash, of Salinas, . 
 the indefatigable Chairman ; the Rev. J. W. Ross, Geo. CUfford, 
 Jas. Allayton, of San Jose ; and Geo. F. Baker. Too much 
 praise cannot be awarded to the resident managers, the Revs. Ash 
 and Ross, for the pains and labor they have bestowed upon the 
 arrangements, carefully considering even the most minute details 
 in order that nothing should mar that perfect harmony so necessary 
 to insure success ; nor should the liberality and untiring energy of 
 Mr. Jacks be unnoticed, for by the aid of this gentleman's purse 
 and advice many apparently insurmountable difficulties have been 
 surmounted. 
 
 The Encampment commands a splendid view of the Bay of Mon- 
 terey, and the magnificent scenery surrounding it, with pretty bays 
 for bathing places and beautiful groves for rambles. In close 
 proximity to the Light House ; within a morning's walk of that 
 pearl of beauties. Cypress Point ; with good sea fishing, sailing, or 
 boating ; with the opportunities for every kind of outdoor occupa- 
 tion and enjoyment ; and all within three miles of Monterey, and 
 its railroad and steamboat connections with all parts of the State ; 
 
54 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 with a climate beyond reproach ; a temperature, with one or two 
 exceptions, the most equable in the known world, and with a loca- 
 tion so healthy that doctors scarcely make a living, it bids fair to 
 become an unrivaled summer resort. Bishop Peck, now making 
 an Episcopal visit on this coast, says : " I have some acquaintance 
 with our splendid retreats for camp meetings and health in the 
 East, and I have no hesitation in saying that this is fully equal to 
 the best I have seen." 
 
 Point Pinos Light House 
 
 Is situated on an eminence and point of land forming the extreme 
 western shore of the bay of Monterey, and distant from the town 
 about three miles. The building is a dark gray stone structure, 
 one and a half stories high, built in the strongest and most sub- 
 stantial manner. Kising from the center or ridge of the roof is a 
 brick tower painted white, on which is firmly placed the iron 
 lantern and illuminating apparatus, the exterior of which is painted 
 red. This light station was erected by order of the Hon. Thomas 
 Corwin, Secretary of the Treasury, in the year 1853. The light 
 was first exhibited to mariners on January 20th, 1855, and Mr. 
 Charles Layton was the first keeper appointed to take charge of it. 
 The light is classed as a third order Fresnel, with catadioptric 
 lenses, of immense and powerful magnifying capacity. The light. 
 
HAND ROOK OF MONTEREY. 55 
 
 in ordinary fair and clear weather, should be discernable from a 
 vessel's deck sixteen and one-half nautical miles. The height of 
 center of focal plane above high water on sea level is 91 feet. 
 The arc illuminated is four-fifths of the entire horizon, or 288 
 degrees. The description of the light, as given to mariners in their 
 charts, is a third order, fixed white, Fresnel fight. 
 
 The following persons have been principal keepers of the light : 
 Chas. Layton, Charlotte Layton, Geo. C. Harris, Frank Porter, 
 Andrew Wasson, and Capt. Allen L. Luce, the present attentive 
 and courteous incumbent, who has held the position from October 
 1st, 1871. 
 
 The drive to the Light House is pleasant and pretty, and well 
 shaded. The road passes the grounds of the M. E. Encampment. 
 The view from the tower well repays the visitor for his pains. 
 Capt. Luce and his family are always pleased to welcome visitors 
 and to show them every attention. 
 
 MONTEREY. 
 
 BY MRS. ANNIE B. MERRITT. 
 
 Where the blue waves kiss the sand, 
 As they leap a joyous band ; 
 Where the mountains towering high, 
 Seem to touch the azure sky ; 
 
56 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Where the young vines meekly twine 
 Round the tall, majestic pine ; 
 Half enclosed in rocks of gray, 
 Gently slumbers Monterey. 
 
 Beautiful as poet's dream, 
 When its hills with verdure teem ; 
 When the balmy air is filled 
 With incense from heaven distilled, 
 And sweet Nature seeks repose 
 Where the murmuring streamlet flows, 
 Like some gem of brightest ray 
 There enthroned is Monterey. 
 
 Flowers of the brightest hue, 
 Laden with the morning dew ; 
 Velvet grass and clinging vine, 
 Groves of oak, and stately pine, 
 Fleecy clouds that lightly rest 
 On the evening's gentle breast ; 
 All these hold their quiet sway 
 On the shores of Monterey. 
 
 But more beautiful at eve'n 
 In the mystic light of heaven. 
 When the moon's pale, silvery sheen 
 Lends its beauty to the scene, 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 57 
 
 And a holy calm o'er all 
 
 Settles lightly as a pall, 
 
 And the night seems changed to day 
 
 'Neath the skies of Monterey. 
 
 Talk not of the storied Rhine, 
 Nor Italia' s sunny clime, 
 Nor the Orient's so fair 
 With its balmy, perfumed air. 
 Crowned with old historic lore 
 Well I love this rock-bound shore ; 
 'T is to thee I sing my lay — 
 Queen of Beauty, Monterey. 
 
 Monterey as a Port. 
 
 We copy the following from the Salinas City Index : 
 " It requires no great stretch of the imagination to predict that 
 the products of a very large area of California, both to the south 
 and east of MoiTterey and Salinas, are ultimately to find their way 
 to tide-water across our Valley. In truth, between San Francisco 
 and San Pedro, a distance of over four hundred miles, we hold the 
 GATEWAY to the Only accessible harbor for general commerce with 
 
 6 
 
58 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 the world. It is only a question of time in regard to the centering 
 of other railroads to this point. To the doubting ones we say, ex- 
 amine the profile maps of the country, then scan any map of the 
 Atlantic seaboard, and answer us, whether in the light of what 
 has come to pass elsewhere, we are extravagant in our predictions 
 for the future. 
 
 " We would not give a fig for the judgment of that man who is 
 despondent over our future prospects. There were just such in 
 San Francisco twenty years ago, and with about as much reason 
 and judgment as those who are fearful there is no further room for 
 progress here." 
 
 « 
 The Monterey Weekly Herald says : 
 
 '• Only a few years have elapsed since the first ship loaded grain 
 at San Francisco for Europe ; and when we compare the great 
 fleet of vessels engaged in transporting our cereals to foreign, ports 
 with the number that were so engaged a few years ago, is it any 
 wonder that the Californian's heart swells with pride, and that he 
 dreams of how this great fleet shall be multiplied until it shall as- 
 tonish the world ? 
 
 " It is well, while the Californian is conjuring up such a brilliant 
 future for his State, that he should pause in his reverie and ask 
 himself what should be done for the proper protection of such ves- 
 sels. It is well known that, during the prevalence of rough wea- 
 t'ler outside, a vessel cannot enter the harbor of San Francisco, 
 and any arriving at such a time must of necessity put to sea. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 59 
 
 or come to Monterey, where nature has modeled a Port of Refuge , 
 with no ' bar ' to guard its entrance, and free from all dangerous 
 shoals and rocks. The storm of last Fall bears out this assertion, 
 for the Bay was filled with all vessels within reach seeking refuge 
 there, entering and leaving just as they pleased. 
 
 " But nature has not made our harbor so good that the hand of 
 man cannot improve it ; and we beheve it to be the duty of those 
 interested in the future welfare of our State, to properly represent 
 to Congress the great good that would result from the expenditure 
 of a small sum of money, compared to the benefits that would ac- 
 crue to the shipping interests of this coast, in improving the port of 
 Monterey. 
 
 "• The harbor, properly, is in the shape of a horse-shoe, the 
 mouth opening to the north, and it is amply protected from the 
 south, east, and west ; and with a breakwater extending half a mile 
 into the Bay from the northwestern shore, the harbor would afford 
 
 PERFECT SAFETY FROM WINDS FROM ANY AND ALL POINTS OF 
 
 THE COMPASS. Even now the largest ships in the navies of the 
 world can ride with safety through any gale that blows in the Bay 
 of Monterey ; but no doubt improvements can be made. 
 
 " There is also a large natural laguna, which could be without dif- 
 ficulty transformed into a dry or wet dock. In fact, the natural 
 position of Monterey is such that she is bound to become, next to 
 San Francisco, the most flourishing port on the coast. Her growth 
 may be retarded, but it cannot be prevented." 
 
 f 
 
60 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 The Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad. 
 
 Whatever may be the fate of this road in the future, it will al- 
 ways be memorable in the commercial history of California as the 
 first narrow-gauge railroad built in the State ; and also as a road 
 built by the people for the people, to contend with a great and pow- 
 erful monopoly, and to save the grain-growers of tlie district no 
 less than $200,000 a year. 
 
 It was commenced in April, and finished in October, 1874. All 
 interested in it devoted their time and means without stint, especi- 
 ally G. S. Abbott, the President ; D. Jacks, the Treasurer ; and 
 John Markley, the Secretary. Mr. J. F. Kidder, now engaged 
 on the Nevada narrow-gauge, was the Chief Engineer and Super- 
 intendent of Construction. The iron came from the Pacific Roll- 
 ing Mills of San Francisco, and Falkner, Bell & Co.'s, of the 
 same place. The locom'otives, " C. S. Abbott," and " Monterey," 
 from the Baldwin Locomotive Co., in Pennsylvania. The cars, 
 which are superior in every respect, were built in Monterey, by 
 Thomas Carter. 
 
 Although the road is a " narrow-gauge," only three feet between 
 the rails, the cars are so designed that the passengers hardly real- 
 ize any difference from those of the broad-gauge, and have ample 
 room and accommodation. 
 
 The railroad commenced running October 28th, 1874, too late to 
 carry much of the grain of the Valley ; but its early completion 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 61 
 
 had been a fixed fact in August, thereby compelHng the S.P.R.R. 
 to make a reduction from $5.50 per ton to $4.25 freight on grain 
 to San Francisco. The M. & S.V.R.R. carried about 6000 tons. 
 in 1874 ; loaded the H. L. Richardson at Monterey (2400 long 
 tons). The freight on merchandise from San Francisco to Sahnas 
 City was $7.20; the S.P.R.R. reduced to $6.00. Salinas was 
 supplied with redwood lumber from Watsonville and pine from San 
 Francisco ; now there are two markets open, and redwood is 
 brought from Santa Cruz, and pine from Puget Sound, which 
 comes to Monterey as cheap as to San Francisco, and only has to 
 b^ freighted 20 instead of 120 miles. 
 
 The number of stockholders is 72, principally land owners or 
 farmers, as may be seen by the following : 
 
 David Jacks has in Monterey Co. about. . .30,000 acres. 
 
 C. S. Abbott 10,000 " 
 
 A. & M. Gonzales 13,000 " 
 
 Robert McKee and Monrass Family, about . . 19,000 " 
 
 A. Wason 1,000 " 
 
 Francis Doud 1,000 " 
 
 P. Zabala 5,000 " 
 
 Jesse D. Carr 45,000 " 
 
 James Bardin 5,000 " 
 
 John Abbott 400 " 
 
 J. B. H. Cooper 5,000 " 
 
 C. Laird 2,000 " 
 
 Chas. McFadden 500 " 
 
 6* 
 
62 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Malarin 5,000 acres. 
 
 Geo. Pomeroy 1,000 
 
 Judson Parson 300 
 
 . Wm. Quintal 300 
 
 Wm. Robson 400 
 
 J. M. Soto 3,500 
 
 B. V. Sargent 13,000 
 
 F. S. Spring. 2,000 
 
 Chas. Underwood 400 
 
 William Ford /. 300 
 
 Besides the land owned and occupied bj quite a number of sclmll 
 farmers. 
 
 The road, warehouses, wharves,cars, engines, etc., everything in- 
 cluded, cost P57,000. 
 
 As regards the current year's freight : it costs by S. P. R. R. 
 from Salinas City to San Francisco, freight $3.50, weighing and 
 loading 25 cents, making f 3.75 from Salinas to S. F. for all grain 
 that is not stored in a warehouse ; warehouse charges per season, 
 $1.00 per ton. Weighing, loading, freight, and wharfage from Sa- 
 linas to San Francisco, by Monterey and S. P. R. R., and G. N. P. 
 Steamers, is $3.75 ; by M. & S. V. R. R. to Monterey is $1.75. In 
 other words, it costs $3.75 to get the grain (when not stored) to 
 deep water shipping, by S.P. R. R. to San Francisco, and $1.75 
 to deep water shipping at Monterey ; if the grain is stored for the 
 season, $1.00 per season. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 63 
 
 Climate. 
 
 Monterey County has one of the most delightful climates in the 
 world — neither too hot nor too cold. People here wear the same 
 clothing winter and summer, there being so little range of tempera- 
 ture. THE TOWN OF MONTEREY HAS LESS RANGE OF 
 TEMPERATURE THAN ANY PLACE ON THE COAST. 
 The tables given below are prepared from the records kept at 
 Salinas City, and are perfectly reliable in every particular. The 
 following table speaks for itself on the subject of temperature, and 
 is taken from the daily record kept by Dr. E. K. Abbott, who is a 
 regular correspondent of the United States Signal Service : 
 
 MONTH, 
 
 1874. 
 
 January. . 
 February. , 
 
 March 
 
 April 
 
 May 
 
 June ...... 
 
 July 
 
 August . . . 
 September 
 October . . , 
 November 
 December . 
 
 Lowest .temperature 
 for month. 
 
 30 degrees. 
 
 32 
 31 
 43 
 45 
 53 
 52 
 52 
 47 
 46 
 33 
 24 
 
 << 
 (( 
 <( 
 
 <( 
 (( 
 <( 
 
 Highest temperature 
 for month. 
 
 66 deg: 
 
 66 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 82 
 
 79 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 76 
 
 79 
 
 75 
 
 73 
 
 rees. 
 
 Mean temperature 
 for month. 
 
 49 degrees. 
 
 49 
 
 49 
 
 55 
 
 57 
 
 59 
 
 62 
 
 61 
 
 59 
 
 58 
 
 53 
 
 46 
 
 Observations of the thermometer were taken three times daily in 
 
64 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 the shade and open air. The lowest temperatures all occurred in 
 the morning and were noted at 7 o'clock a. m., while the highest 
 were noted at 2 p. m.. Our lowest temperatures are simply frosty 
 nights, and are never continued during the day ; for instance, our 
 coldest night for 1874 is registered at 24 degrees ; at 9 o'clock p. m. 
 of the previous day the temperature was 34 degrees ; while at 2 
 o'clock p. M. the same day the thermometer registered 62 degrees. 
 There was not a day during the entire winter of 1874-75 that a 
 person could not gather a nice bouquet, grown in open air, from any 
 of the flower yards in Salinas or Monterey. Fuchsias and geraniums 
 grow all winter in the open gardens. 
 
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 
 
 65 
 
 The following table shows the mean temperature of January and 
 July in various portions of California and other States and countries, 
 taken from reliable sources. Observe how little difference there is 
 between January and July at Salinas City and Monterey : 
 
 PLACE. 
 
 MONTEREY 
 
 Salinas City— 1873 
 
 Salinas City— 1874 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 San Diego 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 Stockton 
 
 Sonoma 
 
 St. Helena y 
 
 Vallejo 
 
 Eort Yuma 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 New York 
 
 New Orleans 
 
 I Naples 
 
 1 Jerusalem 
 
 Honolulu 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Eunclial 
 
 London 
 
 Dijon 
 
 Bordeaux 
 
 Mentone 
 
 Marseilles 
 
 Genoa 
 
 Algiers 
 
 January. 
 
 July. 
 
 Difference . 
 
 Deg. 
 
 Deg. 
 
 Deg. 
 
 52 
 
 58 
 
 6 
 
 51 
 
 60 
 
 9 
 
 49 
 
 62 
 
 13 
 
 49 
 
 57 
 
 8 
 
 52 
 
 75 
 
 23 
 
 54 
 
 71 
 
 17 
 
 51 
 
 72 
 
 21 
 
 45 
 
 73 
 
 28 
 
 49 
 
 72 
 
 23 
 
 45 
 
 66 
 
 21 
 
 42 
 
 77 
 
 35 
 
 48 
 
 67 
 
 19 
 
 56 
 
 92 
 
 36 
 
 30 
 
 74 
 
 44 
 
 31 
 
 77 
 
 46 
 
 55 
 
 82 
 
 27 
 
 46 
 
 76 
 
 30 
 
 47 
 
 77 
 
 30 
 
 71 
 
 78 
 
 7 
 
 52 
 
 65 
 
 13 
 
 60 
 
 70 
 
 10 
 
 37 
 
 62 
 
 25 
 
 33 
 
 70 
 
 37 
 
 41 
 
 73 
 
 32 
 
 40 
 
 73 
 
 33 
 
 43 
 
 75 
 
 32 
 
 46 
 
 77 
 
 31 
 
 52 
 
 75 
 
 23 
 
 Latitude. 
 
 Deg.Min. 
 36.36 
 36.36 
 36.36 
 37.48 
 34.04 
 34.24 
 32.41 
 38.34 
 37.56 
 38.18 
 38.30 
 38.05 
 32.43 
 39.06 
 40.37 
 29.57 
 40.52 
 31.47 
 21.16 
 19.26 
 32.38 
 51.29 
 47.25 
 44.50 
 43.71 
 43.17 
 44.24 
 36.47 
 
 -[*' Resources of Monterey County. 
 
66 
 
 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 The following table of comparisons we extract from The Nat- 
 ural Wealth of California^ by Titus Fey Cronise, a work which 
 though very valuable in its general information and research, is 
 extremely inaccurate in many points relating to Monterey. 
 
 Localities. 
 
 San Francisco 
 
 Sacramento 
 
 Benicia 
 
 Monterey* ^.. 
 
 San Diego 
 
 Fort Yuma 
 
 Humboldt Bay* 
 
 PortOrford 
 
 Dalles, Oregon 
 
 Astoria, Oregon 
 
 Fort Steilacoom, W. T. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mean 
 
 Spring 
 
 Summer 
 
 Autumn 
 
 Winter 
 
 Tern, of 
 the year 
 
 deg. 
 
 deg. 
 
 deg. 
 
 deg. 
 
 deg. 
 
 56 5 
 
 60 
 
 59 
 
 51 
 
 56 6 
 
 56 
 
 69 5 
 
 61 
 
 46 5 
 
 58 
 
 ^6 5 
 
 67 
 
 60 5 
 
 49 
 
 58 
 
 54 
 
 59 
 
 57 
 
 61 
 
 55 5 
 
 60 
 
 71 
 
 64 5 
 
 52 5 
 
 62 
 
 72 
 
 90 
 
 75 5 
 
 57 
 
 73 5 
 
 52 
 
 57 5 
 
 53 
 
 43 5 
 
 51 5 
 
 52 
 
 60 
 
 55 
 
 47 5 
 
 53 5 
 
 53 
 
 70 5 
 
 52 
 
 35 5 
 
 53 
 
 51 
 
 61 5 
 
 54 
 
 42 5 
 
 52 
 
 49 
 
 63 
 
 51 5 
 
 39 5 
 
 51 
 
 *The figures for these localities are probably too low. 
 

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68 
 
 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Extract from Agricultural Report of 1869, by the late Dr. Can- 
 field. 
 
 
 P 
 
 p 
 63 
 
 •-i 
 
 P 
 
 71 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 
 71 
 
 > 
 
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 40 
 
 23 
 
 44 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 
 44 
 
 42 
 
 35 
 
 27 
 
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 49 4 
 
 56 1 
 
 43 1 
 
 58 9 
 
 62 8 
 
 65 7 
 
 61 8 
 
 62 9 
 
 59 5 
 
 55 1 
 
 48 9 
 
 Rain 
 
 3 83 
 
 4 13 
 
 2 69 
 
 
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 72 
 
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 The following remarks, among a multitude of others, we extract 
 from the different well known jouri^als to which they are credited ; 
 being the unsolicited opinions of strangers who have visited Mon- 
 terey at all seasons of the year, they are entitled to consideration : 
 
 THE CLIMATE IS REMARKABLY EVEN 
 
 And much milder than any place north of here ; oppressively warm 
 days are unknown, and it is hardly ever unpleasantly cold. 
 
 For bathing purposes the beach is unequalled ; the slant is so 
 gradual, and the tide ebbs and flows so lazily, the water is so 
 delightfully warm and beautifully transparent, that a good bath ac- 
 commodation would attract thousands every summer. Such an 
 establishment would pay handsomely here. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 69 
 
 The strong south and southwest winds which detract so much 
 from Santa Cruz on account of the unpleasantly cold weather they 
 ofttimes produce, and so frequently cause the surf to become even 
 dangerous for purposes of bathing, amount to but gentle zephyrs 
 here. 
 
 I can assert from experience as well as from the testimony of 
 many others, that it is the sleepiest spot in the State and the best 
 place in California for the tired brain to rest. * * * * 
 Men and women can sleep all night and all day, and grow fat and 
 rugged and strong. It is a real sleepy hollow, the only one in 
 California, so far as known ; and this eminent quahty, whether it be 
 in the air or earth or sea or surroundings, it matters not, will be a 
 fortune to Monterey if properly managed. 
 
 All who labor lono; and heavilv with the brain must in their vo- 
 cations have sleep, and they will frequent that place most where 
 they can sleep best. 
 
 THE CLIMATE IS ALL THAT MAN CAN DESIRE. 
 
 Sheltered by the high pine-covered mountains on the west from 
 the breezes of the ocean, the finely tempered wind odorous with the 
 resinous pines and sweet scented shrubs comes gentlj stealing over 
 the placid waters of the bay. * * * while the sea fog 
 
 lifted high above by the hills scuds towards the great Salinas 
 plain, fructifying the land and casting a thin coohng veil across 
 the face of the sun. — Sacramento Bee. 
 1 
 
70 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 THERE IS NO SPOT ON THE COAST 
 
 Whose natural advantages are at all equal to Monterey. Santa 
 Cruz is no comparison nor Santa Barbara either ; but these pLices 
 have the start, and only Yankee energy can bring Monterey up 
 with them. * * * The first thing needed is a good hotel, 
 not in the town, but near to the woods and sea bathing. * * * 
 There are many great and wealthy men in Monterey who could, if 
 they would, build such a one as is required ; but they are natives, 
 and do not care for active life or investments of such a character ; 
 they are easy, slow-going people, content to let what they deem 
 well enough alone, and take no ventures of that character. — Sac- 
 ramento Bee. 
 
 For many years no town in the State has been less known than 
 Monterey. * * * A quaint old Spanish town, without 
 life or movement, and apparently belonging to some forgotten arcadi- 
 an age. Yet for eighty years it was the, most important town 
 in California, the seat of government and the commercial center. 
 * * * The location of the old town is delightful — a gentle 
 grassy slope at the foot of the hills, of a moderate elevation, cov- 
 ered with evergreen trees and facing one of the finest harbors in 
 the world. 
 
 THE CLIMATE IS THE MOST DELIGHTFUL 
 
 That can be imagined. The only natural cause that brings life to 
 a close there is old age. — Kern County Courier. 
 
"^ HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 71 
 
 MONTEREY IN A SANITARY POINT 
 
 Of view has been long known to stand second to no place in the 
 world — no town of its size can show so many aged people who have 
 spent all or the greater part of their lives at any one point, and no 
 place where people hold age better. — Salinas City Index. 
 
 There is not one of the natural resources so much needed to 
 make a successful and enjoyable watering place but can be found 
 here. 
 
 A HEALTHY AND DELICIOUS CLIMATE, 
 
 Beautiful scenery, admirable facilities for bathing, sailing, riding, 
 driving or hunting, with points of interest and beauty in the im- 
 mediate neighborhood. — San Francisco Daily Alta California. 
 
 The Increase. 
 
 Within the past year twenty-five new residences and stores have 
 been built in Monterey, and others are going up. Sixty new 
 business enterprises have been started, twelve of them have 
 collapsed, and several have removed to other portions of the town 
 from which they settled in. These may be regarded as very sub- 
 stantial improvements, considering the unfavorable circumstances 
 of the winter and the hard dry season. More than one hundred 
 
72 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 families have located at this place and in this vicinity during the 
 same period. 
 
 That the trade of Monterey is steadily increasing in spite of the 
 .unfavorable season, is shown by the fact that the express business 
 has increased nearly six fold since the opening of the railroad ; that 
 fifty new business enterprises can make at least a living for their 
 proprietors, while the business of 'their older rivals has not 
 deteriorated ; that buildings of a substantial character are slowly 
 but steadily increasing in number. Even the item of fresh fish and 
 game shipments to the San Francisco markets through the express 
 is of importance, since it embraces 90,000 pounds of fish, 8500 
 pounds of quail, 3500 pounds of deer and 3000 pounds of rabbits 
 since the opening of the road. 
 
 Monterey Township Officers. 
 
 Town Trustees, S. B. Gordon, President, H. EscoUe, Treasurer, 
 W. H. Bryan, Clerk ; S. Pardee, W. H. Bryan, Justices of the 
 Peace ; A. W. Kapelye, Matias Vargus, Constables ; W. D. 
 Bobinson, Road Master ; School Trustees — S. B. Gordon, B. V. 
 Sargent, W. H. Bryan. 
 
 Monterey Post Office, Alvarado Street- 
 
 Post Office Hours. — Mail closes at 8 a. m.; arrives at 5 p. m. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 73 
 
 Office hours — 7 a. m. to 7 :30 p. m. on week days, and 8 to 10 :30 
 A. M. and from 4 to 7 p. m. on Sundays. 
 
 Express Office, corner Pearl and Alvarado streets. — Mail closes 
 at 8 A. M.; arrives at 5 p. m. Office hours — 6 a. m. to 8 : 30 p. m. 
 on week days, and 7 A. m. to 12 and 6 p. m. to 8 p. m. on Sundays. 
 
 Church Services. 
 
 Catholic Church. — Eev. A. Casanova; morning, 10 a. m.. 
 Evening 3 p. M.. 
 
 Methodist Episcopal. — Rev T. B. Hopkins, in Central Build- 
 ing. Morning, 10 :30 ; evening 6. 
 
 Episcopal Church. — Rev. J. S. Mc Go wan, Washington Hall. 
 7 :30 p. M. 
 
 Pacific Grove Retreat. — 10 a. m., 3 p. m., and 7 p. m. 
 
 Newspaper, TFeeA;^?/ -Sera?(i. Every Saturday. S. Clevenger, 
 Alvarado street. 
 
 Travel. 
 
 MONTEREY AND SALINAS VALLEY RAIL ROAD. 
 
 • Week Days. — Leave Monterey 8 :30 ; arrive at Salinas 9 :45. 
 Leave Salinas 3 :15 ; arrive at Monterey 4:30. 
 
74 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Sundays — Leave Monterey 8 a. m. and 4 p. m.; leave Salinas 
 9 :45 A. M. and 5 :45 P. M. 
 
 STEAMERS. 
 
 G. ]Sr. & P.'s steamers and opposition steamer, San Vicente, 
 leave as advertised at the Railroad depot, Express and Postoffice. 
 
 Objects of Historical Interest in the Town. 
 
 The Cuartel on California street is a two-story, ruinous looking 
 adobe building, with a balcony running around it. It was built in 
 1840 by J. Abrego, acting under orders from Alvarado, and cost 
 $11,000, redwood then selling at |50 per 1000 feet, and nails at 
 $36 a keg. The books of the Library Society are there, but for 
 the present the Library is closed to the public. The Methodist 
 Episcopal Church and Sunday School hold their meetings in the 
 building. Col. B. C. Whiting is the agent for the government 
 property in Monterey. The Cuartel was also used as the school 
 house until the school was transferred to the 
 
 COLTON HALL. 
 
 This building stands back off Main street. Since the removal 
 of the county seat to Salinas it has bap occupied by the school. 
 Prior to that time it was used as the courfjkiouse, and for the county 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 75 
 
 offices. We extract the following in regard to it from the Rev. 
 Walter Colton's very interesting work, Three Years in California : 
 
 " 184 , March 8th.— The Town' Hall, on which I have been 
 
 at work for more than a year, is at last finished. It is built of a 
 white stone, quarried from a neighboring hill, and which easily 
 takes the shape you desire. The lower apartments are for schools ; 
 the hall over them — seventy feet by thirty — is for public assembhes. 
 The front is ornamented with a portico, which you enter from the 
 hall. It is not an edifice that would attract any attention among 
 pubhc buildings in the United States ; but in Cahfornia it is without 
 a rival. It has been erected out of the slender proceeds of town 
 lots, the labor of the convicts, taxes on liquor shops, and fines on 
 gamblers. The scheme was regarded with incredulity by many ; 
 but the building is finished, and the citizens have assembled in it, 
 and christened it after my name, which will go down to posterity 
 with the odor of gamblers, convicts, and tipplers." 
 
 THE PRISON 
 
 was first built by Walter Colton adjoining the old calaboose, but in 
 1855 a new and more substantial one was erected as the county 
 jail, in the school house building. 
 
 Should Monterey ever recover her position as the county seat, 
 it would be a great saving to the county, as there need be but little 
 extra cost incurred for buildings. 
 
 THE OLD BLOCK HOUSE AND FORT 
 
 stand on the hillside overlooking the bay. A weird adobe naturally 
 
76 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 attracts the attention to the spot. The view from the fort well, 
 repays the exertion of the walk. About the year 1843 Gen. 
 Micheltorena dug a deep ditch on the site of the present fort, 
 with two or three embrasures for guns which were never mounted. 
 When the United States squadron under Commodore Sloat took 
 possession of Monterey in July, 1846, the block house was built and 
 ship guns mounted. It was first called Fort Stockton, but afterwards 
 Fort Mervine. On the arrival of Co. F, U. S. 3rd Art., in January, 
 1847, earthworks were thrown up, and it was picketed and guns 
 were mounted. It was dismantled in 1852, most of the guns being 
 carried to Benicia. A few may still be seen at the corners of some 
 of the streets. 
 
 THE OLD CUSTOM HOUSE. 
 
 " Pioneer," writing to the Monterey Republican^ says : " The 
 foundation, or rather the central portion of it, was laid when 
 the flag of Old Spain waved over California, and after lay- 
 ing for years in that state, the walls were raised under Mex- 
 ican rule, and a tiled roof put upon the central part. At the 
 end were built two small towers, shingled over ; but the second tow- 
 er was not built until 1844 or 1845. In the Mexican time the 
 Custom House could boast of a boat and boat's crew, but now Uncle 
 Sam is too poor to support one in the third harbor of California, 
 though it is the only port where a vessel can lay in safety during 
 southeasters, from San Francisco to San Diego. In early days it 
 used to support two or three Custom House officers, for Monterey 
 was the port where the duties were paid by the vessels trading to 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 77 
 
 the Mexican Department or Territory of California. In the latter 
 part of 1844 the Custom House, or central part of it, was turned 
 into a ball-room by the officers of the U. S. Frigate Savannah, 
 then laying at anchor in the bay of Monterey. * * * On the tak- 
 ing of Monterey by the U. S. Naval forces July 6th, 1846, the old 
 Custom House was occupied by a party of marines, and the head- 
 quarters of Capt. W. Mervine of the U. S. Navy, who had com- 
 mand of the forces, was in the north end of the building." 
 
 The learned Dr. Canfield was for some time Collector of Custom 
 at this port. He was succeeded by Mr. Ireland. Now, the port is, 
 so far as the Customs are concerned, amalagmated with Santa 
 Cruz and Moss Landing. 
 
 The building is occupied as a private residence by Capt. T. G. 
 Lambert. It is charmingly situated at the end of Alvarado street, 
 and seawards almost hangs over the bay. In the summer even- 
 ings the seats under the portico are occupied by young men and 
 maidens, enjoying the balmy breezes, and sentimentalizing upon the 
 moonlit wavelets as they break in ripples on the beach. It would be 
 an admirable site for a small hotel. 
 
 THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. 
 
 Was built in 1794. It was within the Presidio enclosure, and was 
 intended merely as a chapel for the accommodation of those who 
 were unable to attend the parish church at Carmel. When the 
 missions were sedularized, the Carmel mission was abandoned and 
 the Monterey chapel dedicated as the parish church. The mate- 
 
78 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 rial used in its construction was a kind of white stone, abundant in 
 the neighborhood. Although this stone is quite soft, being easily 
 cut with a knife, it has withstood the ravages of time remarkably 
 well, and the building may stand for another hundred years. In 
 shape, it was originally a parallelogram, 120 feet long by 30 feet 
 wide, inside dimensions. In 1858, under the direction of Padre 
 Juan Bautista Cormillas, two wings were added, furnishing in- 
 creased capacity, and transforming the church into the shape of a 
 cross. The altar was built at the same time. It is the work of an 
 Italian, and is justly regarded as a fine piece of art. The large 
 gothic windows are adorned with life-size paintings of various saints. 
 The walls are also hung with paintings, many of them being of 
 great age and exquisite beauty. They were principally brought 
 from the mission of Carmel, and are by unknown artists. The 
 church will accommodate five hundred people. It is by far the 
 most interesting building in the town, and is an honor to the church 
 it represents. The visitor who devotes an hour to examining this 
 sacred edifice will be well repaid for his time. The present pastor 
 is Rev. A. Cassanova, to whom we are indebted for much valuable 
 information. ^ 
 
 THE CEMETERY. 
 
 The Cemetery is situated across the slough or estero, near the 
 Catholic church, and is connected with the town by a causeway of 
 white stone. In shape it is an irregular triangle, ijjirrounded on two 
 sides by water, and on the third by a fence which is sadly in need 
 of repairs. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 79 
 
 Passing through the dilapidated portal, we find ourselves in the 
 midst of a lovely growth of live oaks. Old and moss-covered pa- 
 triarchs of the forest, which doubtless were standing long ere the 
 Genoese stepped upon the eastern verge of the Continent, are 
 grouped around in picturesque confusion. Trees of a younger 
 growth, perchance acorns when beheld by Serra, are intermingled 
 with these ; while the northern half of the Cemetery is overrun by 
 a dense growth of lupins, covered with flowers of a most brilliant 
 yellow. As these flowers, typical of jealousy, bloom for a short 
 season above the ground, then fade away and merge into unremem- 
 bered dust, so it is with the petty jealousies of this Hfe about which 
 we fret so much. 
 
 Near the center of the present inclosure are the remains of a 
 stone wall that formerly marked the boundaries of the Cemetery as 
 laid out by the old Franciscan Fathers. They inclose a space 
 about one hundred yards square, and show that the Fathers must 
 have believed in cremation, or else overrated the healthfulness of 
 Monterey. 
 
 Upon the side nearest the bay are the trenches which surround-, 
 ed a primitive fort erected by Governor Micheltorena, previous to 
 the American occupation. 
 
 The graves are scattered here and there, with no regard to order 
 — some beneath the shade of the giant oaks, others on the open 
 grassy plats bathed in perpetual sunshine — in fact, wherever the 
 friends of the departed deemed most appropriate. This very lack of 
 order forms one of the characteristic beauties of the place. Were 
 
80 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 everything arranged with mathematical precision, the picturesque 
 charm of the place would be lost. 
 
 After reclining for a while upon the fragrant grass, listening to 
 the mournful dirge wailed by the wind through the trees, and the 
 answering moan of the ocean — that grand symbol of eternity — we 
 reverently retrace our steps and are soon once more in the land of 
 the living, where too often the Grim Messenger is unthought of un- 
 til his terrible knocking is heard at the gate. 
 
 California's first theateIr 
 
 Stands on Pacific Avenue, and is an adobe building, the property 
 of Mr. John A. Swan, one of our earliest pioneers, and a gentleman 
 possessed of a great fund of information about the earlier days of 
 the State, From the Monterey Weekly Herald and the Santa 
 Cruz Sentinel^ we extract the following information in reference to 
 the first Thespian performances in the Golden State. " It was in 
 the fall of 1847, that four volunteers, (Matt Gormley, Bill Tindal, 
 Jack Moran, and Long Lee) came up from Santa Barbara on mili- 
 tary duty, consigned to Co. F, 3d Regt. ■U, S, Artillery. They 
 were in the minstrel line, and had given two burnt cork entertain- 
 ments to the Santa Barbarians, before leaving. In Monterey they 
 were joined by Aleck Patterson, Pete Earl, and three local char- 
 acters designated as " Tips," '' Taps," and " Tops." With this 
 company, the " management " gave two performances in the old 
 Cuartel Building, south end, up stairs. This was undoubtedly the 
 first effort at minstrelsy on this Coast." 
 
 " The first theatrical performance ever given in California took 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 81 
 
 place in the old adobe store-house adjacent to Jack Swan's saloon, 
 and it came to pass in this way. About the time that Stevenson's 
 regiment, New York Volunteers were disbanded, three companies in- 
 cluding the Colonel came up to Monterey. Soon after, the soldiers 
 attempted a theatrical exhibition, which was a success. Encoura ed 
 by their liberal patronage, the managers induced Jack to fix seats, 
 stage and scenery in the old adobe. The bills were got out in due 
 form, posters printed with a blacking-pot and brush, and pro- 
 grammes written announcing ' Putnam,'' or ' The Lion Son of ^16,^ 
 as the first piece to be played. C. E. Bingham personated the '76 
 Son, and Mrs. Bingham Mrs. Martha Washington, Charley Clu- 
 chester George Washington. Frank Wensell and his wife took part. 
 John O'Neal, Mr. Fury and Pete Earl belonged to the company 
 also. Damon and Pythias^ Box and Cox, The Golden Par- 
 mer^ Grayid Father White Head, and Nan the Groodfor Nothing^ 
 were pieces in the repertory of the company. John Harris, Tom 
 Beech, Capt. Wingfield, Mrs. ^ettlebottom, and Lieut. Derby, 
 were also among the leading spirits of the troup. 1849 and 1850 
 were memorable eras in the Thespian records of Monterey." 
 
 THE CONVENT. 
 
 Another ruined, broken-windowed building on Main Street. It 
 was built in 1852, for the Sisters of Charity, and used by them 
 till 1858. The Monks resided in two small houses on the hillside. 
 
 8 
 
82 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 THE OLD CALABOOSE 
 
 Was built in 1832, by Figueroa, and stood where Watson's 
 butcher shop, and Sunoneau's saloon are now, at the junction of 
 Pearl and Cahfornia Streets. 
 
 THE OLD COMMISSARIAT 
 
 Was the building now occupied by E. H. Schmidt's store, on Cali- 
 fornia Street. 
 
 Our Pioneer Residents. 
 
 Though death, and the other changes that time brings with his 
 wings have sadly thinned the ranks of our pioneers, we still have 
 a few left who have remained loyal to their first love, Monterey. 
 
 D. Jose Abrego, James Meadows, Thomas Bralee, Geo. C. Har- 
 ris, George Oliver, John A. Swan (" Pioneer,") Wm. D. Robin- 
 son, George Austin, Teodoro Gonzalez, Manrico Gonzalez, B. V. 
 Sargent, J. Flynn, then the youngest white boy in San Francisco, 
 and D. Jacks, all of whom arrived in the State before, or in 1849. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 83 
 
 Opinions of Disinterested Parties. 
 
 We extract the following from the speech of the Hon. P. A. 
 Roach, last alcalde and first mayor of Monterey, and first senator 
 from the County, at the centennial commemoration, on the 3d of 
 June, 1870 : 
 
 " Look at this magnificent bay. It stretches from point to point 
 twenty-eight miles. It can shelter the navies of the world. Its 
 anchorage is secure. No pilot has ever been needed to bring ves- 
 sels even to its wharf. The largest ships ever constructed can ride 
 at anchor within a few hundred yards of the beach. The great 
 seaports of the world are obliged to lay heavy charges on shipping 
 for inward and outward pilotage. The cost of this service in San 
 Francisco for one year, or at the most, two years, would build in 
 Monterey Bay a breakwater that would give perfect security in aU 
 weather ; but the United States Government ought to perform this 
 duty. Of late it has been seeking to obtain harbors in various 
 sections of the world, which will require immense sums to place 
 them in security. 
 
 " Why not devote some of the treasure to improve this harbor ? 
 The ports of Monterey and Santa Cruz can soon be made great 
 centers of shipment of merchandise. A railroad could be construct- 
 ed to bring, for shipment hence, immense quantities of grain from 
 the San Joaquin region. A railroad even within the county would 
 bring produce to fill your grain elevators, and as in the past, Mon 
 
84 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 terey would become again In the markets of the world a place of 
 commercial importance. Look at yonder Ustero, bridged to lead 
 from the Church to the Cemetery. There is a natural dock-yard 
 by removing the sand bar that obstructs its mouth. It is deep 
 enough to take in the largest ship, and was favorably reported on 
 by many of the Naval Commanders. Why not adopted ? Because 
 there was a combination on foot in 1849, of high speculators. Our 
 people who owned land were made to believe that the convention, 
 if called, would continue the Capital at Monterey; that the Bar- 
 racks would be used, and that a naval depot would be established 
 here. Then your people swapped lots in San Francisco for those 
 in Monterey. You remember many of these bargains to your sor- 
 row. 
 
 I 
 
 " Soon came the change ; the Capital was removed to San Jose ; 
 then we saw the naval depot taken from us ; next we heard that 
 wooden shanties were to be erected in the healtJder climate of Be- 
 nicia, for the army. These tinder boxes, and theexpense entailed" 
 by the change, cost over a million dollars. I asked Governor Bi 
 ley, the last military Governor of the Territory, why this change ? 
 why abandon fire-proof quarters for the others ? The gallant sol- 
 dier, and the honest, scar-marked veteran answered in his stammer- 
 ing manner, spec-spec-spec-speculation. That is what caused the 
 quick blow against your city." 
 
 We extract the following from " Three Years in California," pub- 
 lished in 1852. 
 
 " The scenery around Monterey, and the locale of the town, ar- 
 rest the first glance of the stranger. The wild waving; background 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 85 
 
 of forest-feathered cliffs, the green slopes, and the glimmering walls 
 of the white dwellings ; and the dash of the billows on the spark- 
 ling sands of the bay, fix and charm the eye. Nor does the en- 
 chantment fade by being famiharly approached ; avenues of almost 
 endless variety lead off through circling steeps, and winding through 
 long shadowy ravines, loose themselves in the vine-clad recesses 
 of the distant hills. It is no wonder that 
 
 CALIFORNIA CENTERED HER TASTE, PRIDE AND WEALTH HERE, 
 
 Till the vandal irruption of gold hunters broke into her peaceful do- 
 main. Now all eyes are turned to San Francisco, with her mud 
 bottoms, her sand hills, and her chill winds, wnich cut the stranger 
 like hail driven through the summer solstice. Avarice may erect 
 its shanty there, but contentment and a love of the wild and beauti- 
 ful will construct its tabernacle among the flowers, the waving shades 
 and the fragrant airs of Monterey. ***** 
 The climate on the seaboard is remarkably equable ; it varies 
 at Monterey, the year round, but little from sixty." 
 
 Sea Bathing at Monterey. 
 
 The late Colbert A. Canfield, M. D., whose scientific researches 
 have been of immense service to the country, writes as follows : 
 
 8* 
 
86 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 " There is no better place on the coast, within easy access of the 
 large towns of Cahfornia, for a watering place, than Monterey. 
 The climate, mild and salubrious ; the beautiful natural scenery, 
 landscapes and ' water-scapes,' with the wide, smooth bay in the 
 foreground, all combine to make it the most attractive seaside re- 
 treat that can be found ; for the Bay of Monterey is one of the most 
 beautiful in the world. The town is sheltered from the cold north- 
 east winds by the pine-covered hills on the side towards the ocean, 
 and still its atmosphere is scarcely even hot or uncomfortably warm. 
 It is, consequently, a very healthy place for all classes of persons, 
 but especially for children. Hence it is, I suppose, that the chil- 
 dren are as numerous in its streets as are the quails in its neighbor- 
 ing thickets. The summer complaints of children are almost un- 
 known, and it is a long time since there has prevailed here any 
 contagious epidemic disease. The water of the bay has one peculi- 
 arity, viz : it is much warmer than that of the ocean outside. There 
 is a strong current running into the bay on the north side, around 
 fort Afio Nuevo, that makes a complete circuit of the bay, along the 
 eastern shore, and running thence westward along the south shore 
 by the town of Monterey, it runs out around Point Pinos, even 
 against the wind, with so strong a current that it is very hard row- 
 in"; against it in a boat. For this reason, the water near the town 
 is several degrees warmer than it is on the Santa Cruz side of the 
 bay. And also for this reason, I suppose, it is, that there is so 
 much beautiful seaweed growing on the southeast side of the bay. 
 
 " Nowhere on the coast is there such a variety of beautiful and 
 delicate forms of sea- weed, and such an abundance, as here. Col- 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 87 
 
 lectors of the article for scientific or ornamental purposes are in 
 their glory here, and many of the shells are not devoid of beauty 
 or variety. 
 
 " The surrounding country contains much beautiful scenery, and 
 interesting drives may be had in various directions * * * * with 
 the certainty of a few hours of pleasant and healthful recreation. 
 Within easy access of the town are plenty of opportunities for fish- 
 ing or hunting, for those who like these*sports." 
 
 Chalybeate Waters, or Iron Springs. 
 
 Dr. Canfield, having examined the springs at the Pescadero and 
 Point Cypress, writes : 
 
 " The rocky cape that shelters the town of Monterey from the 
 sea, and forms its harbor, is a ridge of granite, coarse and rotten, the 
 most of it easily crumbhng to pieces where exposed to the waves or 
 air, and in many places colored red with the iron which it contains. 
 As the surface water (from rains and fogs) passes through this po- 
 rous granite, it dissolves out the iron, as may be seen in nearly ail 
 the springs that flow from this granite ridge towards the sea ; but 
 only in a few places is the water sufficiently charged with iron to be 
 called chalybeate, and to be serviceable as a remedial agent. 
 
 " The springs containing a noticeable quantity of iron, are near 
 
88 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 the mouth of the Carmel river, in the ravines that have been cut 
 through the sandstone rocks into the granite, running down to the 
 sea. There maj be seen here cropping out thin strata of iron ore 
 (carbonate and hydrated oxjd) sometimes pure, and sometimes 
 mixed with sand. 'This is a few rods south of the farm house at 
 the Pescadero. One spring in particular, in a ravine near the sea 
 shore, has its water so saturated with iron, that it is deposited in 
 abundance around the margin of the pools, and on the sticks and 
 stones in the water. There is no sulphur in the water, or next to 
 none, and it is quite clear and palatable except for the iron which 
 it contains. Here, then, we have a chalybeate water that will 
 undoubtedly prove an excellent tonic for people who are debilitated 
 and with but little blood in their veins, and it is also accompanied 
 by all the other hygienic adjuvants necessary for the renovation of 
 the strength of the feeble — a pure and healthy atmosphere, mild 
 and warm — it being on the south side of the promontory of Point 
 Pinos — cold bathing in the surf, as it rolls in from the ocean, or 
 tepid baths in the warm and sheltered nooks among the rocks — as 
 the state of the health requires, or fancy dictates. The surrounding 
 scenery is beautiful. There are wide beaches with beautiful sands, 
 shells and curiously water-worn rocks, with caves and natural 
 bridges. The little bay of Carmel, in front, is dotted with rocky 
 islets covered with the nests of sea birds, and across the bay, Point 
 Lobos rears up its granite walls and turrets, resounding with cries 
 of seals and sea-lions that make it their habitation. The anion 
 (abelone) shells are very abundant here, and it is a favorite resort 
 of the Chinese fishermen. Numbers of handsome agates are found 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 89 
 
 on the beach, and a mine of silver and gold (?) was once opened 
 at the water's edge. This vein contains , silver, perhaps, but the 
 metalliferous gangue or matrix being crystallized gypsum, 
 (sulphate of lime) it would hardly be possible that it could contain 
 gold." 
 
 Our Coal Mines. 
 
 The principal mines in the course of development are the " Mon- 
 terey," B. V. Sargent, President; A. Manuel, Secretary; the 
 " Mai Paso," J. W. Miller, President ; A. H. Harris, Secretary. 
 There are also the Consolidated Coal Mining Co., whose offi- 
 ces are in San Francisco : A. J. Griffiths, President ; E. Hayden, 
 Secretary: and several others of minor importance. It is quite 
 probable that in a few months Monterey will ship away large 
 quantities of coal, as the prospects are highly flattering. 
 
 Our Wild Flowers. 
 
 We cull the following from the San Francisco Chronicle^ as it 
 is so thoroughly applicable to our own hill-sides and caiions, teem 
 
90 HAND BOOK OF MOXTERET. 
 
 ing as they are with beautiful flowers, rare and graceful ferns, and 
 odorous flowering shroubs. 
 
 " Whosoever has seen a little of California will forgive us for 
 loving our wild flowers. They are so many and so beautiful that 
 we cannot withhold the expression of our admiration. We used 
 to love, and we love yet, the modest, shy little violet that in the 
 East was almost snow-born, and which timidly put forth its azure 
 petals on the first touch of May. We loved it for associations 
 broken up long ago. But how little is the whole sisterhood of 
 flowers at the East compared with the glories of a California 
 Sprmg? We go out upon our hill-sides at that season and find 
 miracles of beauty everywhere under our feet — not single flowers, 
 but a wilderness of sweetness and beauty, never to be forgotten. We 
 have counted in one morning twenty-nine varieties within less than the 
 area of an acre, and some of them exquisitely pure in color and in 
 symmetry. In all the foothills and mountain-sides of California, 
 even far into its arid Summers, flowers burst up from among rocks 
 which seem hardly able to give a foothold for aught so delicate and 
 fragile, challenging your admiration, and almost seeming to rejoice 
 that the wandering feet of a stranger have led him where his eyes 
 could feast upon their beauties, which else had never been seen by 
 man. Our gardens are beautiful with the chosen flowers of every 
 clime and country, but the retiring beauties of our hill-sides and 
 cafions have a charm for us that no tricks of the gardener's skill 
 can imitate or approach." 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 91 
 
 MONTEHEY THADES DIRECTOIIY. 
 
 Hotels. 
 
 Washington, Loekwood & Bryan, Washington street. 
 Monterey House, Paulson & Lagoni, Alvarado street. 
 Bay View House, Private Lodging House, Main street. 
 Boarding House and Restaurant, M. Silvas, Pearl street. 
 Furnished Rooms, J, Simoneau, Pearl street. 
 Restaurant, R. C. Wornes, Tyler street. 
 J. Simoneau's Restaurant, Pearl street. 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, Cigars, and General Merchandise. 
 
 Wm. Bardin, Alvarado street. 
 
 H. Escolle & Co., California and Polk streets. 
 
 W. Laporte, Alvarado street. 
 
 L. Little, Washington street. 
 
 J. Abrego, Pearl street. 
 
 B. Mendessolle, Washington street. 
 
 Groceries and Provisions. 
 
 J. B. Snively, Alvarado and Pearl streets. Wells, Fargo & Co.'s 
 Agent. 
 
92 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 
 
 E. H. Schmidt, California street. 
 
 F. Gomez, Alvarado street, Post Office. 
 M. Silvas, Pearl street. 
 
 W. H. Pyburn, Alvarado street. 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 L. Bergstein, Polk street. 
 S. Marks, Alvarado street. 
 
 Watchmakers, Je^;velers, Gunsmiths, and Hardware 
 
 Dealers. 
 
 McClure Bros., Washington street. 
 
 Silversmith, Engraver, and Draughtsman. 
 
 John Hall, Abrego street. 
 
 Silversmiths and Abelone Jewelers. 
 
 Celestino Truxillo, Alvarado street. 
 P. H. Masters, Alvarado street. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 93 
 
 Tinsmith and Hardware Dealer. 
 W. W. James, Pearl street. 
 
 Vegetables, Fruits, Tobaccos, Stationery, and Notions. 
 
 L. B. Austin, Alvarado street. 
 Porter Long, Pearl street. 
 
 Butchers. 
 
 F. Doud, Alvarado street. 
 Thos. Watson, Pearl street. 
 
 Bakers. 
 
 Mrs. Bradwick, American Bread, Washington street. 
 H. Escolle, French Bakery, California street. 
 
 Lumber Merchants. 
 
 Lambert Bros., the Old Wharf, Railroad Depot. 
 
94 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Carpenters and Builders. 
 
 L. Boswell, Polk street. 
 G. Oliver, Larkin street. 
 H. Prinz. 
 
 E. J. Lewis, Alvarado street. 
 A. Guillee, Polk street. 
 
 G. Sullivan, California street. 
 C. Herron, Washington street. 
 J. Gray, Pacific Grove. 
 
 F. Graham, Pacific Grove. 
 
 House, Sign, and Carriage Painters. 
 
 St. Clair, Roberts & Trascol, Houston street. 
 
 Saddler and Harness Maker. 
 J. Cramer, Pearl street. 
 
 Boot and Shoe Makers. 
 
 Chris. Gamber, Pearl street. 
 A. Chacon, Pearl street. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 95 
 
 M. Vargas, Houston street. 
 
 Manuel Bojorges. ^ 
 
 Barber. 
 S. KofBe, Pearl street. 
 
 Plasterers, 
 
 P. Corley & F. Folsom. 
 
 Pianos and Organs. 
 
 E. E. Curtis, Main street. 
 
 Blacksmiths and Wheelwrights. 
 
 Dodge & Sanchez, Alvarado street. 
 A. B. Reed, Alvarado street. 
 A. Toothacher. 
 
 Saloons. 
 
 Wise & Harris, Pearl street. 
 J. Simoneau, Pearl street. 
 
96 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 The Shades, R. Morey, Alvarado street. 
 
 The Union, D. Ruiz, Pearl street. 
 
 Railroad Exchange, A. Sanchez, Alvarado street. 
 
 Depot Saloon, J. Feraud. 
 
 Monterey Saloon, M. Dutra. 
 
 Railroad House Bowling Alley and Saloon, P. Serrano, Alvarado 
 
 street. 
 Monterey Brewery, Y. GigHng, CaUfornia street. 
 
 Livery Stables. 
 
 Bryan & Bonny, Washington street. 
 R. Morey, The Shades, Alvarado street. 
 
 Teamsters. ^ 
 
 R. Morey, Alvarado street. 
 John Myers, Washington street. 
 J. Caldwell, Main street. 
 
 Laundry. 
 
 Go Tai, California street. 
 
mM mmff m mwmM. 
 
 The following pages in reference to Monterey County we extract 
 from the very accurate and valuable work compiled by Mr. A. W. 
 Butler, the '^ Eesources of Monterey County." The work will be 
 sent, free of charge, to any one applying to Mr. Butler, or Mr. 
 Winham, of Salinas City, California. All persons intending to 
 visit or reside in California should read it. 
 
 Monterey County. 
 
 This county lies between parallels 35 degrees and 45 minutes 
 and 37 degrees north latitude, and the central portion of the county 
 is in longitude 121 degrees and 30 minutes west from Greenwich ; 
 is bounded on the north by Santa Cruz County and Monterey Bay, 
 on the east by the counties of San Benito, Fresno, and Tulare, on 
 the south by San Luis Obispo County, and on the west by the 
 Pacific Ocean ; has an area of 3.600 square miles, or 2,304,000 
 acres of land, and its northern boundary lies south from San Fran- 
 cisco about 90 miles by railroad. There is a great diversity of 
 
 9* 
 
 [97] 
 
98 HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 
 
 soil, climate, and productions, owing to the peculiar manner in 
 which the county is divided by mountains, hills, and valleys. The 
 territory may be regarded as divided naturally into four sections, 
 
 VIZ : 
 
 The Santa Lucia Mountains, 
 
 Which extend from Monterey Bay on the north into San Luis 
 Obispo County, where the range unites with the Coast Range, and 
 from the Pacific Ocean — out of which they may be said to rise — to 
 the Salinas Valley east — a distance of some eighteen miles. These 
 mountains are in most places very rough and steep, especially in 
 the central and western portions of the range, so much so that 
 some parts of the country have not been explored. They attain 
 in the rougher portions a height of 5,000 feet. In these mount- 
 ains are many places where water is plentiful and the surface of 
 the country such as to furnish a good home. The number of in- 
 habitants that find places in the little valleys and canons, and on 
 the mountain sides of this range, is increasing rapidly every year. 
 These mountain homes, sheltered from the winds, possessing a 
 delightful climate, have pecuhar advantages in the production of 
 fruits. Grapes, figs, peaches, apricots, oranges, lemons and semi- 
 tropical fruits flourish here. 
 
 Higher up on the mountains are many small stock ranches, 
 where there is always plenty of feed. Wood is everywhere abun- 
 dant, and persons living in this section have quite a trade in this 
 article. There are several coal mines eight or ten miles south of 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 99 
 
 Monterey that promise well, though they have not yet any efficient 
 means of transportation from the mines to market, but it is said 
 that a railroad can be constructed without much difficulty to Mon- 
 terey. Gold has been discovered in several places in this range, 
 but not in paying quantities. These mountains contain immense 
 deposits of limestone, from which the very best quality of lime can 
 be produced ; and as lime rock is not found very abundantly in the 
 State, this county will doubtless build up an immense trade in that 
 article. In this district are located the famous Tassajara and 
 Pariso and other hot mineral springs. The land is mostly unsur- 
 veyed Government land. Game of all descriptions, from the quail 
 to the grizzly bear, abounds. The scenery is unsurpassed in extent, 
 grandeur, or beauty. 
 
 The Great Salinas Valley 
 
 Lies between the Gabilan mountains on the east and the Santa 
 Lucia mountains on the west, and opens upon Monterey Bay at 
 the north, from which it extends over one hundred miles south, 
 with a width of from six to fifteen miles, and contains an area of 
 about 1,000 square miles, or 640,000 acres of land. Through the 
 valley runs the Salinas River, which has a quicksand bottom, and 
 carries a large volume of water in the wet season, but a small 
 quantity in the dry part of the year. The principal tributaries of 
 the Salinas are the San Lorenzo and Estrayo from the east, and 
 
100 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 the Arroyo Seco, San Antonio, and Nacimiento from the west. 
 The lands of the valley may be divided into three classes : 
 
 First — The heavy, rich bottom lands, good for the growth of 
 anything. This soil is mostly black adobe, and in many localities 
 contains just enough sand to make it work easily, thereby making 
 not only one of the richest soils in the world, but also one of the 
 pleasantest and easiest worked. These lands sometimes produce 
 over one hundred bushels of barley to the acre, and one tract near 
 Salinas City, containing six hundred acres, has produced of wheat 
 an average of sixty-five bushels per acre. The lands commonly 
 known here as " sediment lands," belonging to this class, (although 
 comprising a small portion of it) do not stand a drouth as well 
 as some of the other lands. The average crop of wheat on these 
 lands may be set down as about thirty-seven bushels per acre, and 
 of barley about sixty-four bushels per acre. 
 
 Second — The table lands, good for almost anything, and especi- 
 ally for wheat and barley. These lands stand dry weather or a 
 short supply of rain better than any other in the valley. The 
 average yield of these lands is, of wheat about thirty bushels per 
 acre, and of barley about fifty bushels per acre. 
 
 Third — The upland, good for the production of wheat, barley, 
 oats, and rye. These lands lie close along the base of the mountains 
 in the lower part of the canons and among the lower hills, and 
 diflfer very much in quality in different locaHties, some being as 
 good land as there is in the valley, while other tracts are not so 
 good. Some of this land is the very best fruit land in the State, 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 101 
 
 and will produce oranges, limes, lemons, peaches, apricots, almonds, 
 fio;s, and the other fruits common to this section. 
 
 There were cultivated in this valley in 1874 about eighty thous- 
 and acres in crops of all kinds ; from this acreage there were ex- 
 ported thirty-two thousand tons of wheat and twelve thousand tons 
 of barley. For other crops we have no data, but immense quanti- 
 ties of potatoes, beans, hay, and other crops were produced. The 
 land in cultivation, in 1875, is about 110,OjOO acres. The price of 
 wheat has ranged for the last three years so as to give an average 
 price of about fl.57 per hundred delivered at the depot in Salinas 
 City. Barley is now selling at $1.50 per hundred. The Salinas 
 Valley, in point of fertility and diversity of soil, has no superior in 
 the State, and when this is considered in connection with its mild 
 and healthful climate, the amount of tillable land, and its proximity 
 to the commercial center of the State, the great advantages pos- 
 sessed for transportation of produce, and the cheapness of freights 
 compared with the more remote sections of the State, it has no 
 equal. For every mile a farmer in California places himself from 
 San Francisco he has to pay for it in two ways — first, by the 
 amount of extra freight on what he buys ; second, by the amount of 
 extra freight deducted from the market price of what he has to sell. 
 
 The use of this valley, as agricultural land, has been confined to 
 the past six years ; prior to that time stock-raising was the occupa- 
 tion of the people, and the land was held in large tracts of from 
 three thousand to forty-nine thousand acres, and as a consequence, 
 this is a new county and country. As these large tracts of land 
 
102 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 are now being cut up and sold off, a splendid opportunity is offered 
 to any one that wishes to secure a good home. 
 
 The Gabilan Mountains 
 
 Extend from the Pajaro River, at the northern boundary of the 
 county, through the entire length of the county. From the Pajaro 
 River, going south, the first eighteen miles of the range is a system 
 of low mountains, covered almost everywhere with grass and an 
 abundance of timber. This part of these mountains is now nearly 
 entirely occupied. The next thirty miles of the range is composed 
 of high, rough mountains, which extend as far south as the San 
 Lorenzo. From the San Lorenzo to the southern boundary of the 
 county, these mountains are low, rolling hills, forming the foot-hills 
 of the Coast Range, and are about twenty or thirty miles in width. 
 In this section are several beautiful little valleys, among which are 
 Peach-Tree Valley, Cholamo Valley, Indian Valley, Long Valley, 
 Priest Valley, and several others, nearly all of which possess a 
 good soil. These valleys have a delightful climate, peculiarly 
 adapted to the growth of semi-tropical fruits. The land is nearly 
 all unsurveyed Government land, and at present is used chiefly in 
 the stock business. The Gabilan Mountains, in their climate and 
 adaptability, closely resemble the Santa Lucia. This range con- 
 tains immense deposits of Hme-stone, and quicksilver has been dis- 
 covered. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 103 
 
 The Pajaro Valley 
 
 Is located along the northern line of Monterey County, and extends 
 
 * across the Pajaro River into Santa Cruz County. This valley 
 possesses one of the most productive soils in the State. The Pajaro 
 River runs westerly through this valley, and finds an outlet in 
 Monterey Bay. This section is separated from the Salinas Valley 
 by a low range of hills that extend from the Gabilan Mountains to 
 Monterey Bay. The cUmate is similar to that of the SaUnas. 
 
 The Assessor's Books for 1874 
 
 • Show that the property in the county is worth about 110,000,000. 
 The total number of acres of land, aside from town lots, assessed, 
 is 764,995 ; this land is valued at 15,738,512, or about $7.49 per 
 acre, and the value of the improvements on this land is put at 
 $423,737. The personal property is valued at $2,401,275. The 
 rate of taxation for 1874 was $1.66 on the hundred dollars ; this, 
 however, is much higher than our ordinary rates, and was so fixed 
 in order to get the county out of debt, and in this object it suc- 
 ceeded. 
 
 The Population. 
 
 Although we have no very accurate source of information on this 
 subject, the population of the county is about 9,000, and is increas- 
 
104 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 ing so rapidly that, with no elections of general interest to cause 
 voters to register, there have been registered in this county since the 
 last general election, 1,74C) aditional voters. 
 
 Land Titles 
 
 In this county have long been settled, and there is hardly a case of 
 doubtful land title in the county. The Government land is nearly 
 all unsurveyed, and whe^e occupied, is held by the right of pos- 
 session. 
 
 Price of Land. 
 
 Farming lands in this county range in price from $3 to $150 
 per acre, owing to quality and location. Bottom lands in the 
 Pajaro Valley are worth from f 80 to f 150 per acre, while the 
 rolling and hill lands sell at from f 15 to $10 per acre. The low 
 hill lands interspersed with small valleys, between the Pajaro and 
 Salinas Valley, vary in price from $6 to $25 per acre with im- 
 provements ; of these lands there are about fifteen or twenty 
 thousand acres. The table lands of the Salinas Valley sell at 
 from $30 to $60 per acre, while some sell as low as. $15. The 
 heavy bottom lands range in price from $50 to $100 per acre, and 
 in the immediate vicinity of Salinas City sell at $100 to $250 per 
 acre, in small tracts of from one to twenty acres. The uplands are 
 Tforth from $3 to $25 per acre, owing to quality and location. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 105 
 
 • 
 
 There is a vast quantity of unsurveyed Government land in the 
 hilly and mountainous parts of the county, now held by the right of 
 possession ; and these tracts are frequently offered in the market 
 for low figures for the right of possession and the improvements. 
 This possession gives no fee to the land, but gives to the purchaser 
 the right to occupy until surveyed, and then the first right to buy 
 at Government prices. To parties unacquainted with our lands 
 the prices given above may seem high, but when it is understood 
 that these lands are unsurpassed in productiveness, and need no 
 irrigation ; that in dry seasons they produce good crops when 
 other sections fail ; that in wet seasons our lands yield immensely ; 
 that the county has such good facilities for transportation of pro- 
 duce ; that we possess advantages for harvesting grain not found 
 in many localities ; that we have a climate that is delightful and 
 especially adapted to the comfort of the farmer ; that good society 
 and good schools are found almost everywhere within our borders ; 
 and that every farmer who bestows the proper care and labor in 
 seed-time upon his land is almost beyond doubt assured of a 
 bountiful harvest ; we think the prices will be attributed to the 
 merit in the lands and their surroundings. One man may do a 
 foolish thing, but many are not apt to invest in lands that are sell- 
 ing for more than they are worth, yet in this county during 1874 
 there was sold $300,000 worth of land to men who had been rent- 
 ing and farming the lands they bought, and most of them made 
 the purchase-money from land. 
 
 10 
 
106 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Rent of Farming Land 
 
 ( 
 
 Is from $2.50 to f 10 per acre. Many of the renters pay a part 
 of the croD, sav one-third or one-fourth. Of course, the f 10 land 
 is the very best, and the renter can afford to pay the price. Farm- 
 ers in Monterey County, paying the prices for land and rent given 
 above, on an average have done better in the last five years than 
 have the farmers of any other county in the State. 
 
 The Health 
 
 Of the people of this county is as good as in any section of the 
 State. We have no chills and fever, no epidemic diseases. We 
 possess a climate that in itself does not produce disease of any 
 kind, an atmosphere that brings no malaria. There is no night in 
 the year but is cool enough to afford a good, refreshing sleep under 
 a pair of blankets, and none so cold that a person could not sleep 
 comfortably in the open air under the same cover. 
 
 Schools. 
 
 There are now organized about thirty-two school districts in this 
 county, and in these districts schools are maintained for most of 
 the time during the year. The wages paid to teachers are such as 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 107 
 
 to command good talent. For instance, several districts situated 
 in remote parts of the county have the good judgment to pay their 
 teachers from $30 to |100 per month, and thereby they secure as 
 good teachers as are found in the towns. In no district in the 
 county are low wages paid. The State and county provide ample 
 means to give every child a good English education if the parents 
 of the districts but see that they get the worth of their money. 
 With fifteen children between the ages of five and seventeen years 
 a new district can be formed. California has a good school 
 system, and it is generally well administered. There are no private 
 schools of any note in the county. 
 
 Stock-raising 
 
 Is still a prominent interest in this county, especially in the mount- 
 ainous and hilly portions, which are covered with sheep and cattle. 
 Horses are raised for the markets by many of the farmers, and the 
 better class of horses find a ready sale. Some persons have given 
 attention to the raising of hogs, and the number shipped from the 
 county every year is very large. The raising of hogs is very profit- 
 able in connection with farming, dairying, etc. No kind of stock 
 requires feeding, except such as are kept up, as they find sufficient 
 grazing the entire^year. 
 
 Monterey County is one of the best sheep counties in the State, 
 but persons need not come here with the expectation of finding a 
 cheap class of laud in tracts large enough to feed bands of sheep of 
 
108 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 10,000 and over. Our lands, as a general thing in valleys, are 
 too valuable for sheep pastures, and in the hills it is difficult to find 
 pasturage for large bands in one locality. 
 
 Angora Goats. 
 
 The Cashmere or Angora Goat business is of late attracting con- 
 siderable attention among wide-awake business men, and is thorough- 
 ly establishing itself as one of the substantial industries of this 
 State. In this county the Santa Lucia and Gabilan mountains 
 contain many thousand acres of Government land just suited to the 
 grazing of goats. 
 
 Dairying 
 
 Receives much attention, and persons engaged in the business 
 find it very profitable. One dairy, four miles from Salinas City, 
 belonging to C. S. Abbott, produced, in 1874, about two hundred 
 thousand pounds of butter, which yielded $70,000. This is the 
 largest dairy, but many others are doing proportionally well. 
 Butter and cheese always find a ready market. There are many 
 small dairies scattered through the hills of this county. The climate 
 is peculiarly adapted to this business — there is probably no better 
 in the State. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 109 
 
 Flax and Mustard 
 
 Are cultivated to considerable extent in the county. 
 
 Sugar Beets and Mangel-Wurzels 
 
 Are considerably cultivated by persons who have stock to feed and 
 have only a small tract of land. The crop is a great success, both 
 as to the immense amount of feed produced, and as to the conve- 
 nience for use. The yield, with proper cultivation in good soil, is 
 from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty tons per acre. The 
 crop can be left growing all winter, and taken up as required for 
 use, and when the ground is wanted for a new crop, what remains 
 of the old crop can be pulled up and thrown into a pile. The 
 mangel-wurzel grows to be very large, some of them grown around 
 Salinas City weighing from ninety to one hundred and seventy 
 pounds. 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Are extensively cultivated, and make in many localities immense 
 
 yields and are very profitable. Monterey County is one of the 
 
 best potato counties in the State — both as to the quantity and 
 
 quality of the crop. 
 10* 
 
110 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Alfalfa 
 
 Does well in almost every locality in this county, and produces 
 from three to four crops of hay, of from two to four tons per acre 
 every year, where it is used for making hay, and furnishes a per- 
 petually green pasture, good for all kinds of stock, where used for 
 the purposes of pasturage. 
 
 Pumpkins 
 
 Are also raised largely for feed on places where there is no outside 
 range. One farmer in Pajaro produced one weighing two hundred 
 and twelve pounds. 
 
 Beans 
 
 Are extensively cultivated in this county, the profit of the crop 
 beinor large. 
 
 County Officers. 
 
 County Judge, W. M. R. Parker; Sheriff, J. B. Smith; 
 County Clerk, John Markley ; Recorder, Herbert Mills ; Treas- 
 urer, B. T. Nixon ; Assessor, W. V. McGarvey ; School Superin- 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. Ill 
 
 tendent, R. C. McCro'sky ; Tax Collector, M. Castro ; District At- 
 torney, M. Farley; Auditor, J. B. Scott; Surveyor, F. L. Ripley. 
 
 Board of Supervisors. — E. St. John, S. B. Gordon, J. 
 Sheehy, E. Breen, J. B. H. Cooper. Regular meetings, first Mon- 
 day in February, May, August and November. 
 
 The Courts. — County Court, W. M. R. Parker, Judge ; meets 
 on first Monday in March, May, July, September and November. 
 District Court, Belden, Judge ; meets on the third Monday in 
 March, July and November. Probate Court, Parker, Judge ; in 
 chambers at the Court House, in Salinas City, every Saturday, at 
 10 o'clock A. M. 
 
 Salinas City 
 
 Is the county seat of Monterey County. It is located on the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad, one- hundred and eighteen miles from 
 San Francisco, ten miles from tide water at Moss Landing, and 
 eighteen miles by Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad from the 
 harbor at Monterey. It is a young and thriving town, only seven 
 years old ; and, situated as it is in the central portion of the rich 
 agricultural lands of the Salinas Valley, is one of the finest business 
 localities in the State. The population of the city has more than 
 doubled in the last two years, and is still increasing as rapidly as 
 
112 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 ever. Enterprise and prosperity are everywhere visible. Ac- 
 cording to the annual report of the Mayor for last fiscal year there 
 was spent for pubUc improvement about $60,000. The city is well 
 supplied with gas and water, and a well organized and equipped 
 fire department. The school buildings are ample and commodious, 
 and the schools of the town employ six teachers at present. There 
 are eight church organizations presided over by pastors, viz : 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, Methodist Episcopal Church South, 
 Presbyterian Church, United Presbyterian Church, Episcopal 
 Church, Christian Church, Baptist Church, and Catholic Church. 
 Of Lodges, there are the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
 Free and Accepted Masons, Independent Order of Red Men, the 
 Patrons of Husbandry, and the Sons of Temperance. The rate of 
 taxation for 1874-75 was forty cents on the |100 of property. 
 The assessed value of property for 1875 is about 11,500,000. 
 This is the great central point in Monterey County of trade, 
 wealth, and commerce, and from its natural surroundings must of 
 necessity continue to be so. It would be a good investment for 
 persons acquainted with the business to establish woollen mills here, 
 as this county produces large quantities of wool. The annual clip 
 of the county is about seven hundred thousand pounds. ISan 
 Eenito, formerly a part of Monterey County, also produces large 
 quantities of wool. A boot and shoe factory would do Avell here. 
 An establishment for the manufacture of sugar from the beet 
 would find this a good location. Machine shops and foundries of 
 various kinds would find plenty of business here. We have but 
 two flouring mills. Wagon and carriage factories would find a 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 113 
 
 good field at this place. We need a good college here, as there is 
 no institution of the kind in the county, and our climate is pecu- 
 liarly adapted to the wants of pupils. Many of the manufactured 
 articles that we have to buy might be procured at home. What 
 we especially need is more capital, and we think that there is no 
 place on the coast where a man that has money can go and do 
 better than he can here ; there are many good investments to be 
 m2ide. -^l^Mesources of Monterey County. 
 
 SALINAS CITY DIRECTORY. 
 
 Mayor, H. S. Ball ; Common Council, W. D. Reynolds, G. A 
 Tolman, S. Cassiday, M. Hughes, C. Hoffman, S. P. Carter ; City 
 Marshal, \V. W. Elliott ; City Clerk, A. W. Butler ; City Treasurer, 
 S. W. Conklin ; City Attorney, N. G. Wyatt ; City Surveyor, St. 
 John Cox ; City Assessor, W. L. Carpenter. 
 
 Episcopal Church — Corner of Gabilan and California streets ; 
 Rev. J. S. McGowan, Rector ; services every Sunday at 11 o'clock 
 A. M. ; Sunday School at 10 o'clock A. M. 
 
 Christian Church— Preaching every other Lord's Day at the 
 Court House, by Elder Byram Lewis, at 11 o'clock, A. M. All 
 are invited to attend. 
 
 United Presbyterian Church — Sabbath school and Bible class 
 at 10 o'clock A. M. ; services every Sabbath at 11 a. m. and 7 
 p. M., at Pacific Hall, in Salinas City. Prayer meetings every 
 Tuesday evening alternately at the residences of the diflferent 
 
114 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 members. Seats free. All are cordially invited to attend. Rev. 
 Geo. McCormick, Pastor. 
 
 M. E. Church — Rev. Geo. 0. Ash, Pastor ; services in new 
 church on Gabilan street, at 11 o'clock a. m. and 7:30 o'clock p. M. ; 
 class meeting at 12 M. ; Sabbath school at 2:30 P. M. ; prayer 
 meeting every Thursday evening at, 7:30. 
 
 M. E. Church South — Preaching every Sunday at 11 o'clock 
 A. M., and 7:30 p. m. ; Sunday school at 10 o'clock ; prayer 
 meeting Wednesday evening at 7:30 o'clock. Rev. Mr. Renfro, 
 Pastor. 
 
 Presbyterian CHURCH—Central Avenue ; Sabbath school at 
 9:45 o'clock a. m. ; Dr. W. H. Davies, Superintendent ; services 
 at 11 o'clock A. M. and 8:30 p.m. Seats free. All are cordially 
 invited to attend. Rev. W. H. Wilson, Pastor. 
 
 Salinas Lodge No. 204, F & A. M. — Stated meetings on 
 Saturday, on or before the full moon in each month. Sojourning 
 brothers invited to attend. W. V. McGarvey, W. M. ; E. K. 
 Abbott, Secretary. 
 
 Alisal Lodge No. 163.1. 0. of 0. F. — Meets every Wednesday 
 evening at 7 o'clock, in Odd Fellows' Hall, Main Street, Salinas 
 City. Members of the order in good standing invited to attend. 
 G. A. Tolman, N. G. ; H. W. Mills, R. S. ; Jas. McDougall, P. S. 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men. — Gabilan Tribe, No. 44, meets 
 every Tuesday evening at Grangers' Hall. Visiting and sojourning 
 brothers in good standing invited to attend. A. Bullene, S. ; L. 
 Auker, C. R. 
 
 Patrons of Husbandry. — Until further notice, Salinas Grange 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 115 
 
 No. 24, Patrons of Husbandry, will meet at Grangers' Hall, over 
 Vanderhurst, Sanborn & Go's store, on the 1st and 3d Saturdays 
 of each month, at 2 o'clock p. M., for business. J. R. Hebbron, 
 Master ; Wm. Quentill, Overseer ; F. Johnson, Lecturer ; Geo. 
 Abbott, Chaplain ; Peter Matthews, Steward ; S. D. Triplett, 
 Assistant Steward ; Mrs. Kiliburn, Ceres ; Mrs. Cony, Pomona ; 
 Mrs. Ida Hebbron, Flora ; Mrs. P. Matthews, L. A. S ; Clara 
 Westlake, Secretary. 
 
 The Mails. — For Castroville, Watsonville, and all points north 
 of Salinas City, mails close at 11 a. M. ; for New Republic, 
 Natividad, Monterey, and all points south of Salinas City, at 
 2:30 p. M. 
 
 Post Office. — Closed on Sunday from 10:30 a. m. to B p. m. 
 
 Southern Pacific R. R. passenger train leaves Salinas depot 
 going north 11:15 A. M., going south, 2:45 P. M. M. & S. V. R. 
 R. for Monterey, 3:15 p. m. On Sundays, 9:45 A. M., 5:45 P. M. 
 Excursion tickets good from Saturday night to Monday morning. 
 
 Salinas City Fire Department. — Chief Engineer, J. B. Langford ; 
 First Assistant, J. D. Brower ; Second Assistant, R. L. Robbins ; 
 Secretary, L. H. Garrigus. Engine Co. No. 1 ; Foreman, Jas. 
 Swasey. Alert Hook & Ladder Co. No. 1 ; Foreman, W. L. 
 Carpenter. Excelsior Hose Co. No. 1 ; Foreman, J. C. Kelly. 
 
116 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Castro ville 
 
 This thriving town was started in 1863,by Juan B. Castro, one of 
 the owners of the Castro Grant. Mr. Castro, through his skillful 
 management and business energy, has succeeded in making Castro- 
 ville, from a wayside station, a town of about 800 to 900 inhabit- 
 ants. 
 
 The business establishments of this place are, two good hotels, 
 two livery stables, five stores, one tin shop, one millinery shop, three 
 saloons, one brewery, one flour mill, two blacksmith shops, one 
 newspaper, post office, express, W. U. and A. & P. telegraph of- 
 fices, drug store, tailor shop, shoe-maker, two churches and a fine 
 school house. 
 
 Castroville being within three miles of the shipping point for 
 much of the country back of it, and a great part of the traffic una- 
 voidably passing through it, commands a large share of trade far up 
 the valley, while in its immediate vicinity are the immense Moro 
 Cojo, Bolsa Nueva, Santa Rita and Escarpinos ranches, containing 
 some 39,000 acres of most excellent agricultural, grazing and wood 
 land, which are being rapidly sold ofi* in small farms, besides the 
 Cooper and other large ranches that are rented to substantial 
 tenants. 
 
 Castroville is a growing town, located on the Southern Pacific 
 Railroad, two and one-half miles from Moss Landing, fifteen miles 
 
 northwest of Monterey and nine miles north of Salinas City. The 
 
 4- 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 117 
 
 trade of the town commands a good population. School facilities 
 are excellent, and there are two churches in the place. The town 
 is immediately surrounded by fine agricultural land, well watered, 
 while to the east of Castroville, about three miles distant, there are 
 large tracts of grazing and timbered land, a considerable area of 
 table lands and rolling hills, the soil of these being sandy and well 
 adapted to the raising of stock and the growing of fruits, vegetables, 
 oats, rye, etc. Water is attainable in the town and vicinity at 
 from six to fifteen feet. The average yield of adjacent lands is of 
 wheat thirty bushels per acre, and of barley fifty bushels ; one hun- 
 dred bushels of barley per acre have been raised in some cases. 
 The agricultural lands around Castroville are well suited to the 
 growing, not only of wheat and barley, but to the successful culti- 
 vation of oats, corn, beets, potatoes and vegetables. The health of 
 the town is exceptionally good, and the chmate equable. — Re- 
 aources of Monterey County. 
 
 Castroville Directory. 
 
 Wm. Childs, Justice of the Peace ; J. W. Mitchell, Justice of 
 the Peace ; G. Alderman, Constable : P. Ojeda, Constable ; Juan 
 Poraber, Roadraaster. 
 11 
 
118 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 POST OFFICE. 
 
 Mails close, going north, at 11 o'clock A. M. Going south, at 2 
 
 p. M. Israel Johnson, P. M. 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC R. R. 
 
 Passenger Train leaves Castroville Depot, going north, at 
 11:40 A. M. Going south, at 2:25 P. M. 
 
 Freight Train leaves, going north, at 12 m. Going south, at 
 5 p. M. 
 
 M. AND S. V. R. R. 
 
 Castroville Crossing. — To Salinas, 9:30 A. m.; Monterey, 3:30 
 p. M. Sundays, to Salinas, 9 A. M. and 5 p.m.; Monterey, 10 A. M. 
 and 6 p. m. 
 
 F. AND A. M. 
 
 Confidence Lodge, No. 203, F. & A. M. — Stated communi- 
 cations on the Saturday evening preceding each full moon, in Tol- 
 man's Hall, Castroville. . A. P. Potter, W. M.; L. Wollinberg, 
 Secretary. 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 119 
 
 I. 0. 0. F. 
 
 Castroville Encampment, No. 37, I. 0. 0. F. — Meets first 
 and third Tuesdays of each month, at Odd Fellows' Hall, Castro- 
 ville. ,J. M. Pomber, C. P.; M. M. Speegle, Scribe. 
 
 Salinas Lodge, No. 163, I. 0. 0. F. — Meets every Saturday 
 evening, in Odd Fellows' Hall, Castroville. M. M. Speegle, N. G.; 
 F. L. Whitcher, R. S. 
 
 p. OF H. 
 
 Morning Star Grange, No. 188, P. of H. — Meets in Tol- 
 man's Hall, every two weeks, commencing April 3d, 1875. F. 
 Brown, M.; Miss M. Paton, Sec. 
 
 CHURCH SERVICES. 
 
 Rev. 0. D. Kelly, of Watson ville, will preach in the Union 
 Church every Sunday at SJ o'clock p. M. Sunday-school at 2^ 
 p. M. 
 
 The Catholic Church, Rev. Father Kern, services at 10 o'clock 
 A. M. on Sundays. 
 
 Newspaper — The Argus, published every Saturday. 
 
120 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Moss Landing 
 
 Is located on the Bay of Monterey at the mouth of the Salinas 
 river, about three miles from Castroville, and has three extensive 
 and commodious warehouses for the storage of grain, and a substan- 
 tial wharf running out into the bay about 1000 feet, where vessels 
 lie to take in grain. A regular line of steamers call twice a week. 
 
 Santa Rita 
 
 Is a small town situated about three miles from Salinas City. The 
 County Alms House, under the charge of Dr. S. M. Archer, is lo- 
 cated here. The town also boasts of a fine Catholic church. Al- 
 though situated too near Salinas City ever to become a large place, 
 it must always remain a thriving little village. 
 
 Soledad 
 
 Is a thrivino; little town started in 1874, and is the present terminus 
 of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Situated in the midst of a 
 splendid agricultural country, perfectly level up to the fertile 
 foothills, with crops that never fail, well watered by the river, and 
 having water within twenty feet of the surface, it is bound to become 
 
HAND BOOK OF MOWTEKEY. 121 
 
 a town of some importance. A fine school house is now being 
 erected. The coast line of stages to the South connects with the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Chualar 
 
 Is a rising agricultural town on the Southern Pacific Railroad, 
 situated in a beautiful valley, well watered, and with good lowlands 
 and foothills. The climate and crops are equal to the best portions 
 of the Salinas Valley. It is distant about ten miles southeast of 
 Salinas, and will probably become a town of some importance. 
 
 Gonzales 
 
 Is another new town about twenty miles southeast of Salinas, in 
 the heart of the Salinas Valley. With good lands, well watered, a 
 good season would make town lots very valuable. 
 
 Natividad 
 
 Is a pretty little town at the foot of the Gabilan Range, about six 
 
 miles northeast of Salinas City. 
 11* 
 
122 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 The Mission of Soledad 
 
 Was founded October 9th, 1791, and is situated fifteen leagues 
 southwest of Monterey on the left bank of the Salinas river, in a 
 fertile plain known by the name of the " Llano del Rey." The 
 priest was an indefatigable agriculturist. To obviate the summer 
 drought, he constructed, through the labor of his Indians, an 
 aqueduct extending 15 miles, by which he could water twenty 
 thousand acres. In 1826 the mission owned about 36,000 head of 
 cattle, and a greater number of horses and mares than any other 
 mission in the country. So great was the reproduction of these ani- 
 mals that they were not only given away but also driven in bands 
 into the bay of Monterey in order to preserve the pasturage for the 
 cattle. It had about 70,000 sheep and 300 yoke of tame oxen. 
 In 1819 the Major domo of this mission gathered 3400 bushels of 
 wheat from 38 bushels sown. Its secularization has been followed 
 by decay and ruin. — Walter Colton. 
 
 The mission possessed a fine orchard of a thousand trees, but 
 very few were left in 1849. There was also a vineyard about six 
 miles from the mission in a gorge of the mountains. 
 
 It is 18 miles from Monterey to Buena Vista, and 25 from there 
 to Soledad : the road could be shortened by bringing some of the 
 gulches. The road passes through some beautiful oak groves, af- 
 fording perfect shelter from the sun and wind ; it is like traveling 
 through a fine park. The left bank of the Salinas river should be 
 
HAND BOOK OP MONTEREY. 123 
 
 followed, as it is superior in beautiful scenery and shelter from sun 
 and wind to the right or main bank, and commands charming views 
 of the Santa Lucia range, whose foothills are covered with mosaics 
 of acres of flowers of the most brilliant hues, and of gentle slopes 
 covered with gnarled and curiously shaped oaks. From Soledad 
 to San Antonio by the Relese canon is 30 miles, or by the stage 
 road about 45 miles ; for campers and lovers of nature's beauties 
 the horse trail through the canon is by far the pleasantest, as there 
 is an abundance of wood and water on the road, and finer and 
 grander scenery for those who can enjoy it. 
 
 The Mission of San Antonio 
 
 Was founded by Padre Junipwo Serra, July 14th, 1771, and is 
 situated about twelve leagues south of Soledad on the border of an 
 inland stream upon which it has conferred its name. The build- 
 ings were inclosed in a square, twelve hundred feet on each side, 
 and walled with adobes. Its lands were forty-eight leagues in cir- 
 cumference, including seven farms, with a convenient house and 
 chapel attached to^ each. The stream was conducted in paved 
 trenches twenty miles for purposes of irrigation ; large crops re- 
 warded the husbandry of the Padres. In 1822 this mission owned 
 52,800 head of cattle, 1800 tame horses, 3000 mares, 500 yoke 
 
124 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 of working oxen, 600 mules, 48,000 sheep and 1.000 swine. The 
 climate here is cold in winter and intensely hot in summer. This 
 •mission on its secularization fell into the hands of an administrator 
 who neglected its farms, drove off its cattle, and left its poor 
 Indians to starve. — Walter Colton^s Three Years in California. 
 
 The mission grapes were verj sweet ; wine and aguardiente were 
 made from them in early days, and the grapes were brought to 
 Monterey for sale. The vineyard and garden walls are now gone, 
 and the cattle have destroyed the vines ; many of the buildings are 
 down, and the tiles have been removed to roof houses on some of the 
 adjoining ranches. The church is still in good repair. There was 
 formerly a good grist mill at the Mission, but that also, like the Mis- 
 sion, is a thing of the past. — Pioneer M. S. 
 
 Mission of San Juan Bautista. 
 
 This Mission looms ov^er a rich valley ten leagues from Monterey 
 — founded 1794. Its lands swept the broad interval and adjacent 
 hills. In 1820 it owned 43,870 head of cattle, 1360 tame horses, 
 4870 mares, colts and fillies. It had seven sheep farms, contain- 
 ing 69,530 sheep ; while the Indians attached to the Mission drove 
 321 yoke of working oxen. Its storehouse contained $75,000 in 
 goods and t'i)20,000 in specie. This mission was secularized in 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 125 
 
 1834 ; its cattle slaughtered for the hides and tallow, its sheep 
 left to the wolves, its horses taken bj the dandies, its Indians left 
 to hunt acorns, while the wind sighs over the graVe of its last 
 Padre. — Walter Colton. 
 
 HoUister. 
 
 Hollister is the county seat of San Benito county ; it contains a 
 population of about 2000, and is one of the most thriving and 
 prosperous towns of the State. It is pleasantly located in the 
 center of one of the mpst beautiful and fertile valleys on the Pacific 
 Coast. 
 
 It is situated on one branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad, of 
 which it is the practical terminus — 94 miles, or about five hours' 
 ride from San Francisco. This road passes through the finest and 
 most picturesque section of the State ; the intermediate stations 
 embracing the following prominent towns and cities, to wit : San 
 Mateo, Belmont, Redwood City, Menlo Park, Mayfield, IMountain 
 View, Santa Clara, San Jose and Gilroy. The celebrated Gilroy 
 Mineral Springs, resorted to by invalids and visitors from all parts 
 of the world, are about 20 miles distant, and the noted Paso Robles 
 Springs of San Luis Obispo are located 180 miles southwest from 
 Hollister. 
 
126 HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 
 
 Some of the most celebrated watering places of the coast can be 
 reached by rail or vehicle in a few hours. Santa Cruz, known all 
 over the world for its grand scenery and beautiful beaches, is 40 
 miles distant ; and Aptos, a new rival as a pleasure-seeking resort, 
 is nine miles this side. Watsonville, a cool, shady and delightful 
 place to spend a few days of the hot season, has a nice beach five 
 miles from town, reached by a fine gravelly road — is 23 miles from 
 Hollister. Last, though not least, is the " city by the sea" — the 
 ancient capital of the State, Monterey, which is about 44 miles dis- 
 tant; Its natural charms and advantages as a watering place have 
 been embalmed in song and told in story so often that we need not 
 here descant upon them. — Resources of San Benito County. 
 
 San Juan Township. 
 
 The above township, in which is situated the old and once flour- 
 ishing town of San Juan, adjoins Hollister Township on the west. 
 It is delightfully located, and contains beside its beautiful and fer- 
 tile lands, many objects of interest — not the least among which is 
 the antiquated Mission of San Juan Bautista, with its tile roof. 
 
 San Juan Township lies in the northeast part of San Benito 
 County, and contains an area of about 60,000 acres. The San 
 Benito river passes through it near its northern boundary from east 
 
HAND BOOK OF MONTEREY. 127 
 
 to west, and unites with the Pajaro river at the county line. 
 There are about 9000 acres of rich bottom and valley land, about 
 4000 or 5000 acres of rolling land suitable to cultivation ; the 
 balance grazing land — some timber, but small, being used prin- 
 cipally for fuel. 
 
 Fine flowing wells of pure water are obtained in the bottom 
 lands at the depth of 100 feet ; but good water can be had nearer 
 the surface — say from 15 to 20 feet. The hill lands are well 
 watered. 
 
 The Mission of San Juan Bautista was founded about the year 
 1775, and the church was built soon afterward, together with the 
 adjoining buildings. 
 
 This place was once occupied as a military station, and was for- 
 tified during the Mexican Revolution in 1822. The location of 
 the town is excellent, being situated on the bluff on the southwest 
 side of the valley. It contains a population of about 500 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 The nearest depot on the railroad is Sargent's Station, six miles ; 
 the next nearest is Hollister, nine miles. Stages run daily, carry- 
 ing the mails each way. — Resources of San Benito County. 
 
 ERRATUM. 
 
 Page 15, after McDowell, read : 
 
 Although McDowell was the duly elected Mayor, he never 
 served as such, the duties of the office being discharged by Mr. 
 Charles Herron. 
 
O-O TO 
 
 ALVARADO ST., MONTEREY, 
 
 For your CHOICE GROCERIES! 
 
 Clothing, Dry Goods, Hardware, Boots and 
 Shoes, Crockery, Glassware, 
 
 Tobacco, Cigars, 'Wiiaes and Liq^iors. 
 
 FANCY ARTICLES, 
 
 ALL AT LOWEST PRBCE FOR CASH. 
 
 Two Sewing Machines for sale. Goods delivered to any part of the City- 
 free of charge. 
 
 TsTe'W' Store ! 
 
 Now Goods ! 
 
 CALL AND SEE 
 
 B. MENDESSOLLE'S 
 
 NEW STOCK or 
 
 Dry Goods, Groceries, Crockery, Hardware, Wines and 
 
 Liquors, etc., etc. 
 
 At the cor. Pearl and Alvarado 8ts., Monterey. 
 
 I 128 ] 
 
LINFORTH, KELLOGG & CO. 
 
 HARDWAEE 
 
 And Agricultural Implsmgnts, 
 
 < » > 
 
 SOLE .A-O-ErTTS FOR 
 PITTS' CHICAGO THRESHER, 
 
 MANSFIELD STEAM ENGINES, 
 WOOD'S EAGLE MOWERS, 
 
 RUSSELL'S PEERLESS MOWER and REAPER, 
 GARDEN CITY PLOWS, 
 . MYER'S EXCELSIOR GANG PLOW, 
 
 NAPA GANG PLOW, 
 
 FRIEDEMAN HARROW, 
 FURST & BRADLEY'S SULKY RAKES, 
 TIFFIN HORSE RAKES, 
 GENEVA DO. 
 
 Full Supply FORKS, HOES, SHOVELS, RAKES, 
 
 AXES, HATCHETS, Etc. # 
 
 Pumps, Hydraulic Rams, Rubber Hose, Belting, etc. 
 Church, School, and Farm Bells, Lawn Mowers. 
 
 Please send for Illustrated Catalogue and Price List. 
 
 3 & S Front St.^ San Francisco. 
 
 12 [ 129 ] 
 
HALLET, DAVIS & CO.'S 
 
 Celebrated Pianos. 
 
 The Leading Instruments of the World ! 
 
 Endorsed by * " / 
 
 LISZT, STRAUSS, LEUTNER AND BENDEL ! 
 
 GEO. WOOD & CO.'S 
 
 PARLOR and VESTRY ORGAHS. 
 
 W. G. BADGER, Sole Agent, Nos. 7 and 13 Sansome St., S. F. 
 
 E. E. CURTIS. Agent for Monterey. 
 
 Contractor, Carpenter and House Builder 
 
 Has opened Shop in 
 A.BIR,Ea-0'S BXJILIDIlSrGI-, 
 
 And is prepared to take Contracts for 
 
 Building, Moving, Raising and all kinds of 
 
 Carpentering. 
 
 [130] 
 
THE BEST POLICY 
 
 Is to 
 
 Insure in the oldest, soundest and wealthiest Companies. 
 
 THE LONDON ASSURANCE CO. 
 
 (Established 1720.) 
 
 Assets, ----- $14,251,686.41 ! 
 
 Net Surplus (over all Liabilities) $2,409,000. 
 
 .ETNA INSURANCE CO., OF HARTFORD, 
 
 consrisr. 
 Cash Assets, - - - $6,046,268.73 
 
 THE PACIFIC MUTUAL 
 LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 W. H. F. WALTON, Agent, Monterey. 
 
 (With J. B. Sniveley, cor. Pearl and Alvarado Streets.) 
 
 i^^ Orders promptly filled for Books, in all Lan- 
 guages, at San Francisco Prices. 
 
 COPIES OF HIS 
 
 Hand Book of JVIonterey ! 
 
 Sent free by mail on receipt of 50 cents. 
 
 [131] 
 
FLOWERS, 
 
 FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 
 
 FRUIT AND VEGETABLE STORE, 
 
 Main Street, Salinas City, 
 
 Receives fresh supplies of Fruit and Vegetables from San Jose 
 
 daily. 
 
 John C. Morrison, Jr. 
 
 Importer and Wholesale Dealer in 
 
 FINE WINES AND LIQUORS, 
 
 316 Sacramento Street, 
 And 321 Commercial Street, bet. Front and Battery, 
 
 [132] 
 
MANUEL DUTRA'S 
 
 MONTEREY SALOON, 
 
 PEAEL STREET, MONTEREY. 
 
 ^^^ Best Brands Wines, Liquors and Cigars ^==^^ 
 JVIonterey City, Cal. 
 
 Graduate of Medical College of Virginia, and Medical College N. Y. 
 Special attention given to Surgery and Diseases of Women. 
 
 DR. LEMON'S DENTAL ROOMS, 
 
 Up stairs, in Ball & Frank's Building, Main Street, SALINAS CITY. 
 
 Beautiful gold filling for $1.00 and upward, and warranted for life. Beauti- 
 ful and substantial Sets of Artificial Teeth on any kind of base desired. 
 
 Terms moderate. All work fi-eely guaranteed to give satisfaction. 
 
 I will be in Salinas from the 1st to ths 15th of each month ; after that time 
 can be found at my Office in Monterey City. Calls by mail promptly attended 
 to. G. J5, LEMOK, M. !>., Dentist. 
 
 Lyon's ^le Depot, Monterey. 
 
 Bohemian Club Rendezvous. The Best Liquors and Cigars. 
 
 FRENCH RESTAURANT. MEALS AT ALL HOURS 
 Good CJieer and Good Reception. 
 
 Dry Goods, ClotlgLing, Boots and Shoes, Hats and 
 Caps, and all kinds of Furnishing Goods, 
 
 Go to S. MARKS. 
 
 He has just received a NEW STOCK, which he will sell cheap for Cash. 
 /S. MARKS, Alvarado Street, Monterey. 
 12* [ 133 ] 
 
THE CHOICEST GO.ODS 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 LEAST SUM OF MONEY 
 
 CAN BE FOUND AT . 
 
 Sdimidt's Cheap Casli Store, 
 
 California Street, Monterey, 
 
 (Opposite old Cuartel.) 
 
 Remember that EmeSt H. Schlllidt keeps constantly 
 
 On hand the Finest Stock of \ 
 
 Groceries, Provisions, Wines, Liquors, Cigars, 
 Boots, Shoes, Clothing, Hats, Crockeries, 
 
 And a Full Line of 
 
 Can and Bottle Kitchen Goods, Wooden Ware, Hard- 
 ware, Glass Ware, etc., which he sells 
 
 "VEPl^ST aiIEA.1^ FOIR 0-A.SIi- 
 
 [134] 
 
■Wasliington Hotel. 
 
 LOCKWOOD & BRYAN", Proprietors. 
 
 This Commodious Three Story Hotel affords Superior 
 
 Accommodations to the traveling public, being adapted to the com- 
 fort and convenience of 
 
 TOURISTS AND PLEASURE SEEKERS. 
 
 The Rooms are Large, Comfortable and Well-Furnished. The 
 Table is supplied with 
 
 THE BEST THE MARKET AFFORDS. 
 
 Charges are very Moderate and suited to the 
 
 times. 
 
 A good Ball Room is connected with the Hotel. 
 
 LOCKWOOD & BRYAN. 
 
 [ 135 ] 
 
THE CASTROVILLE ARGUS : 
 
 BY J. MERRITT. 
 
 Office, cor. Merritt and Poole Sts., Castroville,- 
 
 Monterey Co. 
 
 TERMS, in advance : One year, $4.00 ; Six months, $2.00 ; One month, 50c. 
 
 Single Copies, 10c. 
 
 RATES OF ADVERTISING: 
 
 One Square (ten lines or less), $1.50 for the first insertion, and $1.00 for each 
 
 subsequent insertion. 
 
 A Liberal deduction made to yearly and regular Advertisers. 
 
 COLLECTION OFFICE. 
 
 The undersigned would respectfully inform the public that he will 
 
 Collect Bills of Every Description, 
 
 on reasonable terms. 
 
 Bills from abroad sent to me will be promptly collected. 
 
 Office at the Post Office in Monterey. 
 
 Give me a trial. 
 
 M. R. MERRITT, 
 
 Agent for the Phoenix and Home Ins. Cos. of Hartford. 
 
 [ 136 ] 
 
Homesteads for All ! 
 
 DESIRABLE LOTS 
 
 IN THE RAPIDLY GEO WING 
 
 TOWN OF CASTROYILLE, 
 
 For Sale at Moderate Prices! 
 
 Possessing varied advantages of beauty of location, convenience to business, 
 fertility of soil, and all the requisites for a profitable, comfortable and beautiful 
 Homestead. Size, 50 feet front by 130 feet depth. An alley 40 feet wide runs 
 through each block. Most excellent water from 10 to 16 feet deep. 
 
 Sickness is almost unknown, so healthy is the town. 
 
 Being within three miles of the shipping point for much of the country 
 back of it, and a great part of the traffic unavoidably passing through it, 
 Castroville commands a large share of trade for up the valley, while in its 
 immediate vicinity lie the immense Moro Cojo, Bolsa Nueva, Santa Rita and 
 Escarpines Ranchos, containing some 39,000 acres of most excellent agricultu- 
 ral, grazing and wooded lands, which are being rapidly sold off in small farms; 
 besides the famous Cooper, and other large ranchos that are rented. 
 f 
 
 The advantages above enumerated, and many others, will be apparent to any 
 who will come and see for themselves. / 
 
 i 
 
 UAN B. CASTRO, 
 
 Castroville. 
 
 [137] 
 
LAND FOR SALE! 
 
 20O Acres of Land 
 
 FOR SALE, 
 
 On the Bolsa Nueya y Moro Cojo Rancho, 
 
 Distant 8 miles from Castroville, 8 miles from Salinas City, and 4 miles | 
 
 from Santa Rita and Natividad. 
 
 The Land contains about 
 
 Two Thousand Cords of Wood, 
 
 Several Springs, and is suitable for Grazing, or the 
 Growing of Fruit and Vegetables. 
 
 For further particulars inquire of ^ 
 
 J. D. CASTRO, 
 
 CASTROVILLE. 
 
 [ 138 ] V 
 
W. H. WEBB. JAS. A. WALL. 
 
 ^A^ebb & Wall, 
 
 ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 
 
 Salinas City. 
 
 Office — Wall's New Building, Front Hoom, 
 
 Second Floor: 
 
 W. M. R. Parker, 
 
 Conveyancer and Searcher of Records. 
 
 Having had ten years' experience in the Clerk and Recorder's Office in Mon- 
 terey County, is prepared to make 
 
 Correct Abstracts of Title, 
 
 Of various Ranches, etc., on reasonable terms. 
 
 REVENUE STAMPS KEPT ON HAND. 
 
 [139] 
 
SElSriD FO:Ei TKCE 
 
 RESOURCES 
 
 -OF- 
 
 MONTEREY COUNTY, 
 
 CAL IFORNI A, 
 
 Including the Great Salinas Valley. 
 
 COMPILED BY A. W. BUTLER. 
 
 Published by the Mayor and Common Council of 
 Salinas City, for FREE DISTRIBUTION. 
 
 [340] 
 
M, & S. V. RAILROAD. 
 
 TIME TABLE. 
 
 Train No. 1. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 Leave Monterey 8 30 
 
 '* Bardin's 9 15 
 
 '* Castroville Crossing 9 30 
 
 Arrive Salinas City .' 9 45 
 
 Train No. 2. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Leave Salinas City 3 15 
 
 ' ' Castroville Crossing 3 30 
 
 " Bardin's 3 45 
 
 Arrive Monterey 4 30 
 
 Sunday Excursion Trains. 
 
 Train No. 1. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 Leave Monterey 8 00 
 
 " Bardin's 8 45 
 
 " Castroville Crossing 9 00 
 
 Arrive Salinas City 9 15 
 
 Train No. 2. 
 
 A. M. 
 
 Leave Salinas City 9 45 
 
 " Castroville Crossing 10 00 
 
 '* Bardin's • ^,. • ■ 10 15 
 
 Arrive Monterey 11 00 
 
 Train No. 3. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Leave Monterey 4 00 
 
 " Bardin's , 4 45 
 
 ** Castroville Crossing 5 00 
 
 Arrive Salinas City 5 15 
 
 Train No. 4. 
 
 p. M. 
 
 Leave Salinas City 5 45 
 
 " Castroville Crossing 6 00 
 
 " Bardin's 6 15 
 
 Arrive Monterey 7 00 
 
 Through, tickets from San Francisco to Monterey and from Monterey to San 
 Francisco, via the Southern Pacific Railroad, including omnibus transfer 
 through Salinas City, for sale at S. P, E,. E.. Ticket Office, San Francisco, and 
 the Company's Office in Monterey. 
 
 JOSEPH W. NESBITT, 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
 13 
 
 [141] 
 
emsTf m&ESTmf. 
 
 Courts. 
 
 District Court — Belden,. Judge. Terms of Court — Third Mon- 
 day in March, July and November. 
 
 County Court — Parker, Judge. Terms (five) — First Monday 
 in March, May, July, September and November. 
 
 Probate Court — Parker, Judge. In perpetual session. 
 
 Board of Supervisors. 
 
 E. St. John, S. B. Gordon, J. Sheehy, E. Breen. 
 
 J. B. H. Cooper. 
 
 Regular Meetings — First Monday in February, May, August 
 and November. 
 
 County Officers. 
 
 Wm. M. R. Parker County Judge. 
 
 M. Farley District Attorney. 
 
 J. B. Smith Sheriff. 
 
 John Markley County Clerk. 
 
 B. T. Nixon Treasurer. 
 
 H. N. Mills Recorder. 
 
 J. B. Scott Auditor. 
 
 M. A. Castro Tax Collector. 
 
 R. C. McCroskey School Superintendent. 
 
 Dr. H. P. Tuttle, Coroner, and ex-officio PubHc Admin- 
 istrator. 
 
 Ne-wspapers. 
 
 Salinas City—" Index," " Democrat," " Town Talk." 
 Monterey — '' Weekly Herald." 
 Castroville — " Argus." 
 
 [142] 
 
DEPOT OF THE 
 
 NEW YORK BREWERY BEER 
 
 At the Old Brewery, California Street, Monterey. 
 Saloons and Families supplied in quantities to suit. The Bar is well stocked 
 with the choicest Brands of Wines and Liquors. 
 
 VALENTINE GIGLINa. 
 
 CHRIS. O-A-l^BEK,, 
 
 PMCTIC4L BOOT PA^ER, 
 
 PEARL STREET, MONTEREY. 
 
 Boots and Shoes manufactured to order and a fit guaranteed. Particular 
 
 attention given to REPAIRING. 
 
 ]Nj:oisrTERE"5r hhoxjsb, 
 
 Lagoni & Paulson, Proprietors, Alvarado Street, Monterey. 
 
 The above house having lately changed hands, has been refitted and fixed up 
 for the reception of guests. The hotel is conveniently situated on the main 
 thoroughfare, and the reduced rates and improvements inaugurated by the new 
 m.anagement com.mend it to the traveling public. Good Wines, Liquors and 
 Cigars at the Bar. LAGONI & PAULSON. 
 
 Dealer in Stoves, Pumps, Pipes, and all kinds of Tinware, 
 
 ETC. 
 Particular attention paid to Tin Roofing and Job Work. Give me a call, 
 and see for yourselves. 
 
 Pearl Street, near Wise & Harris's Saloon, Monterey. 
 
 SADDLE AND HARNESS MAKER, 
 
 PEARL STREET. 
 
 Repairs neatly and expeditiously done. Saddle Trees, Whips, Collars, Bits, 
 
 Punches, etc., always on hand. 
 
 [143] 
 
A. HOM^I^^ & CO. 
 
 PnMisliers, Iiiiprters, Boolsellers M Stationers, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND KETAIL. 
 
 NO. 11 MONTGOMERY STREET, 
 Lick House Block, SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 JOHN G. HODGE & CO. 
 
 Importers and Wholesale Stationers, 
 
 327, 329 and 331 Sansome St., cor. Sacramento, 
 New York Office, 59 John St • SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 Daniel Biglev. Geo. Bigley. 
 
 BiaLEY BROTHERS, 
 
 Dealers in Groceries, Provisions? Etc. 
 
 N. E. Corner Clay and Davis Streets, San Francisco. 
 
 E. P. Fellows & Co. 
 
 Importers & Dealers in Druggists' Glassware & Sundries, 
 
 318 CLAY STREET, BELOW BATTERY, 
 
 p. O. Box, 1792. SAN FKANCISCO. 
 
 Agents for Fritzche, Schimmel & Go's (Leipzig) Essential Oils and Flavoring Extracts. 
 
 Theo. Bagge. Joseph Brook. Chas. Jas. King. 
 
 C. JAS. KING OF WM. & CO. 
 
 aMUifactiiiiFers ©f HerMBtically Sealefl Goods, 
 
 N. W. COR. BROADWAY AND SANSOME STREETS, 
 
 SAX FRANCISCO. 
 
 [144] 
 
L. B. ^XJSTT]Sr, 
 
 ALVARADO STREET, MONTEREY, Next to the Express Office, 
 CIGARS, TOBACCO, ETC. 
 
 Candies, Nuts, JFJtc, Stationery, Blnnlc Books, SJiow-Case Goods, Veg- 
 etables and Fruits. 
 
 TASSAJARA SPEIKGS now Open to VISITORS 
 
 The undersigned gives notice that the Tassajara Springs are now open for Visitors. 
 These Springs were noted centimes ago among the old aborigines for the Medicinal Virtues 
 of the waters, and the pale faces are now adding their praises to that of the red man to the 
 Great Spirit for the gift. Parties visiting the Springs can l3e furnished with meals, or, if 
 camping, with provisions. Also, parties wishing to be taken to or from the Springs can be 
 accommodated. Apply to • j. g, BORDEN. 
 
 Keeps a First-Class Stock of 
 
 Groceries and Provisions, Wines, Liquors, Tobaccos, 
 
 Fruits, Candies, Glass and Crockery Ware. 
 The W. Tf. Telegraph Office. Hides, Game and Farm Produce Shipped. 
 
 ALVARADO STREET. 
 
 Ornamental Trees at the Cypress Nursery. 
 
 Cypress Trees, Australian Gums, and Pine Trees in large quan- 
 tities at Low R^es. 
 
 All orders promptly attended to by - - PAUL ROMIE, IVIonterey. 
 
 MRS. BRADWICK, 
 
 Fresh American Bread, Cakes, Pies and Confectionery, 
 
 WASHINGTON STREET, NEXT TO THE HOTEL. 
 13* [ 145 ] 
 
THE CONSOLIDATED TOBACCO COMPANY 
 
 OF GJ^HiXFOTlTSrXJ^. 
 
 PLANTATION AT SAN FELIPE. FACTORIES AT GILROY. 
 
 MANUFACTURE 
 
 CIGARS 5E2 TOBACCOS 
 
 Of California Grown Leaf, 
 
 Cured by the Culp Process, and Guarantee them SUPERIOPv 
 
 to anything Manufactured in the United States, 
 
 OF AMERICAN GROWN TOBACCOS. 
 
 •*\ 
 
 Office and Salesroom, 207 Front St., San Francisco. 
 
 -«-♦-•-♦-•■•■»- 
 
 EDGAR BRIGGS, Agent. 
 
 [ 146 ] 
 
SHADES SALOON. 
 
 MAIN STREET, 
 
 Near its Junction with Alvarado Street, MONTEREY, CAL. 
 
 Choice Liquors, Wines, Cigars, etc. 
 
 Ill® lllll»i Tail®. 
 
 The Saloon is supplied with everything necessary to the comfort of visitors. 
 I^^Connected with the Saloon is a commodious 
 
 FEED AND BOARDING STABLE, 
 
 Where parties from a distance can be sure to have their horses properly attended 
 to. 5l;^"Horses taken in charge for training. 
 
 R. MOREY, Proprietor. 
 THE NEW 
 
 CITY HA.LL. 
 
 Traveling Troupes desirous of performing in Monterey 
 ^ will find this Hall 
 
 Commodious, Convenient and Cheap. 
 
 For terms address the Secretary, 
 
 CITY HALL CO., Monterey, Cal. 
 
 [ 147 ] 
 
Produce Commission Merchants, 
 
 N"o. 219 Wcishingtoii Street, San Francisco. 
 
 BRITTAN, HOLBROOK & CO. 
 
 IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 T"/)? P&fes, 5/(?z;^5, Sheet Iron, Copper, Iron and Copper Wire 
 
 And General House Furnishing Hardware, 
 Nos. Ill and 113 California and 17 and 19 Davis St., San Francisco. 
 
 CALIFORNIA STANDARD BILLIARD TABLES 
 Sole Agents for Delancy's Patent Steel Wire Cusliioa, the best in use. 
 
 A Large Stock of Billiard Goods, Ten Pins and Balls, 
 533 MARKET STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 
 
 I. Lohman. T. B. Coghill, Jaraes O. Roiintree, 
 
 Late of Rountree & McMullen. 
 
 LOHMAN, COCHILL & ROUNTREE, 
 
 Importers, Wholesale Grocers and Commission Merchants, 
 
 313 and 315 Front Street, cor. Commercial, San Francisco. 
 
 ST. CLAIR ROBERTS, 
 
 House, Sign and Carriage Painter, 
 
 Graining, Gilding, Marbling, and Paper Hanging. 
 
 Charges Moderate. HOUSTON STREET. 
 
 [148] 
 
George C, Harris. E. H. Wise. 
 
 By HAItRIiS «fc WISE. 
 
 Only the Finest Brands of Liquors and Cigars Kept on Hand. 
 
 TWO GOOD BILLIARD TABLES. DAILY JOURNALS. 
 CORNER PEARL AND T^LER STREETS. 
 
 J. E. McClure, j. p. McClure, 
 
 WATCHMAKEK AND JEWELER. MACHINIST AND GUNSMITH. 
 
 IVToCLUI^E IbROTHERS, 
 
 Jewelry, Watches and Clocks, Tools, Etc., Light 
 
 Hardware, Etc. 
 
 WASHINGTON STREET. 
 
 CEO. OLIVER, 
 
 Builder and Contractor, and General Carpentering 
 
 attended to. 
 
 Monterey Shell Work Always on Hand. VAN BUREN STREET. 
 
 P. Corby. F. Folsom. 
 
 CORBY & FOLSOIVI, 
 
 MASONS AND PLASTERERS, 
 
 LARKIN AND FRANKLIN STREETS. 
 CITY MARKET. 
 
 T. WATSOPI, 
 
 Prices Low. Meats warranted the best that can be procured. 
 
 [ 149 ] 
 
Averill Chemical Paint, 
 
 Manufactured by the 
 
 California Chsmical Paint Company. 
 
 This Paint is prepared in liquid form READY FOR 
 APPLICATION, requiring no Thinner or Dryer, and 
 will not spoil by standing any length of t^pie. 
 
 PURE WHITE, OR ANY SHADE OR COLOR 
 
 DESIRED. 
 
 It is CHEAPER, more ELASTIC, and produces a more BEAU- 
 TIFUL FINISH than the best of any other Paint. 
 
 It will not Fade, Chalk, Crack or Peel off, and 
 will last twice as long as any other Paint. 
 
 Put up in ^, ^, I, 2, and 5 Gallon Packages, and in Barrels. 
 Sold by the Gallon, and not by the Pound. 
 
 Send for Sample Card of Colors, and Price List, before ordering 
 any other. 
 
 Office and Depot, 117 Pine Street, San Francisco. 
 
 [ 150 ] 
 
Astonishment 
 has often been expressed 
 at the low rates charged by 
 jj/ Bacon & Company for the beautiful 
 Printing executed at their office; but 
 this 13 no longer a matter of surprise to 
 those who visit the office, where the fast- 
 est machines and best appliances are in 
 the hands of skilled and active workmen. 
 
 ./^ 
 
 r- 
 
 Promptness of delivery is a prominent 
 characteristic in our business. Orders 
 from the interior filled at city prices. 
 Paper Ruling Blank Books 
 
 and Book ^ \ manufact'd 
 
 ,i;-S,. L J to order. 
 
 Cor. Clay and'Sansome 
 
 Streets, 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
STOVES and RANGES 
 
 A Large Variety of Cooking, Parlor, Box and Office 
 
 T O A^ E S ! 
 
 Over 100 different Kinds and Styles 
 
 to select from, including the Old Favorites 
 
 Diamond Rock and 
 Chief Cook, 
 
 } STOVES. 
 
 Eureka, Mariposa 1 td A IVT/^^ TT'O! 
 
 and Bismark ( rXi-^lN LjILO. 
 
 LOCKE & MONTAGUE, 
 
 112 and 114 BATTERY ST. 
 
 San Francisco. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF THE IMPROVED FRENCH RANGES. 
 
 [ 152 ] 
 
a- 
 
 ^ HAND BOoic 
 
 O 
 
 Monterey 
 
 4iVD VICIN^-^''- 
 
 " In a mantle of old traditions, 
 In the rime of a vanished day, 
 The shrouded and silent City 
 Sits by lier crescent Bay." 
 
onterey and Salinas Valley 
 
 KAILROAD. 
 
 Connecting at Salinas City with Southern Pacific 
 Raih'oad for 
 
 San Francisco^ San Jose^ Soledadf Paso JRohles 
 Sj^ringSf and all Points JEast^ North 
 
 and South. 
 
 At Monterey, with G. N. k P/s Passenger Steamships 
 for 
 
 Santa Cru^f San Si'ineon^ San Ltiis Obisjto, San- 
 ta Barbara ^ Los Angeles^ and all Points 
 on the Coast South of San Francisco, 
 
 The most desirable route to Santa Cruz, Ajyfos, Pesca- 
 dero, and Soquel; Point Pinos, Moss Beach, Point Cypress, 
 Old Carmef Mission, and Pacific Grove Retreat, 
 
 No Staging, Four Steamers Weekly between Monterey 
 
 and Santa Cruz. 
 
 JOHN MARKLEY, 
 
 Gen. Ticket Agent. 
 
 JOSEPH W. NESBITT, 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
DR. ABORN, 
 
 THE WELL-KNOWN SUCCESSFUL SPECIALIST, 
 
 Until he retires from active practice in a sliort time, will receive a limited number of 
 patients daily, from 10:30 A. M. to 3 p. m., and from 6 to 7:30 p. m, 
 
 CONSUIVIPTION, 
 
 ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS, OZENA AND CATARRH, 
 
 ^5^1) E ^ F IST E S S ,:s=^) 
 
 AND ALL DISEASES OF THE EYE' AND EAR, 
 
 And Obstinate Chronic Diseases generally, embracing also 
 
 Heart, Liver, Stomach, Nervous Diseases &, Broken-Down Constitutions 
 
 Are the class of maladies which are successfully treated by DR. ABORN, 
 
 OOH-nSTEI^ OF I>OST J^ISIJD KLE^^mNT^S' STJEtEEXS, 
 
 After the ordinary methods have failed. 
 
 RETIREMENT FROM ACTIVE PRACTICE. 
 
 DR. ABORN will retire in the course of a few months from active ijractioe for a while. 
 
 MUTUALLY DESIBABLE, 
 
 It would be more agreeable to the Doctor if persons who desire to consult him would 
 satisfy themselves as to his skill and successful mode of treatment before calling. This 
 would tend to remove misapprehension and all necessity for explanations. 
 
 SEVERAL HUNDREDS 
 
 Of Testimonials from well-known citizens have been published in behalf of the suifering; 
 also, a list of References, embracing some of our most prominent residents, whose names 
 have been given so that the most skeptical may with all others have every opportunity of 
 satisfying themselves that the ijeculiarly successful scientific method of treatment adopted 
 by DR. ABORN is everything that it is represented to be. Evidences have accumulated in 
 proof of this, grateful testimonials of remarkable cures being daily received by him. Many 
 of these are contained in the pamphlets and papers published by him for gratuitous 
 circulation. 
 
liif ii f i Miif 111? . 
 
 Ft'oni San Francisco^ 
 
 By Southern Pacific Railroad to Salinas City. De- 
 pot, corner Fourth and lownsend Streets. Train 
 leaves at 8.30 a.m. 
 
 From Salinas City to Monterey, by M. & S. V. R. R. 
 Train leaves Salinas at 3.15 p.m., on week days, and 
 9.45 A.M. and 5.45 P.M., on Sundays. 
 
 on. 
 
 By Steamers leaving Washington Street Wharf every 
 Tuesday and Saturday. 
 
 From Los Auf/elrs, San IJietjo, and other Points 
 
 South. 
 
 By Goodall, Nelson & Perkins' Steaniers, sailing as 
 advertised. 
 
 OJFt, 
 
 By Coast Line of Stages to Soledad ; thence by S. P. 
 R. R. to Salinas City'; thence by M. & S. V. R. R. to 
 
 Monterey. 
 
 — — — — ♦-»-• 
 
 ^= Through Tickets for sale at S. P. R. R. Depot, cor. Fourth 
 and Townsend ; and at Office of G. N. & P. S. S. Co., 238 Montgom- 
 ery Street, San Francisco. 
 
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