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JOURNAL 01" I-LIAS CORNELIUS, M. D., nsi^^'i 
 
 Surgeon's Mate in the American Revolutionary Army, 
 
 While a Prisoner to the British in the Provost Jail, New 
 York, 1777 and 1778. 
 
 Aucr. 22, 1777. — This morning I marched down to East 
 Chester with the main body of our troops in that division Viz. 
 Gen Varnum's Brigade of Continental troops & Gen Ward's of 
 Connelicut Malitia where we went and surprized one of the Ei^oiwes 
 Piquets and took two officers and some privates with some 
 & Negroes. After that I went with our two guides and Dr Yuni- 
 son of the General Hospital, and seized some stores that was 
 within the Enemies Lines and kept for their use. After that 
 (which was about two o'clock P. M.) the Gen thought proper to 
 send out Piquet Guards. Capt Y Alden of Col Samuel B. Webbs 
 Regiment, was detached, with about fifty men to command the 
 advanced Piquet on the left, near West Chester, (.apt David 
 Dexter of Israel Angell's Regiment was detached with the same 
 number of men to command the advanced Guards on the right at 
 Miles Square. I, wishing to be where most was to be done, rode 
 djwn with Capt Dexter. He stopped at Wiles Square; but see- 
 ing a body of men at a distance on the right towards North River, 
 not knowing who they were I sat out with a determination to 
 find out. I had gone but halfway when I met Col Dammond. 
 
 After some conversation we concluded to ride to the Enemies 
 advanced Post, and see what discoveries we could make. After 
 riding in sight of Fort Independence, we returned unmolested to 
 Col Dammond's Regiment. While we were riding we heard can- 
 nonading and firing of small arms, which we supjiosed to be the 
 enemy attacking our advanced Guards on the left ; here I left Col 
 Dammond and returned to Capt Dexter' s Piquet and there tarried 
 some minutes, after which set out for Head Quarters, where I had 
 left the Gen and main bodys of the troops at East Chester. It had 
 
become lale in the afternoon, but I thought myself safe, as I had 
 been six miles nearer the enemy than I was at that time. I had 
 now four miles to ride before I came to Capt Dexter' s Piquet. 
 Before I come to East Chester it took up some time ; I however 
 arrived there in an hour and a half. To my great surprise I found 
 that our troops had left the place and retired back and the Enemies 
 scouting parties were in the town. (At this time Capt Alden on 
 the left was killed and his Piquets chiefly killed or taken.) On 
 riding into town, while passing a corner, four of the Enemy started 
 from behind a shed, one of whom seized my horse, another seized 
 me by my coat & legs asked me where I belonged, to which I an- 
 swered to the Army of the United States of America and to Gen 
 Varnum's Brigade of Continental troops, and then I asked where 
 Gen Varnum was : one of them (John Anderson a noted Tory) 
 said " 1 am he," I answered, it is false. By this time they had me 
 to the ground during which time, one of them seized one of my 
 pistols, the other I took and presented at the breast of the leader 
 and bid him surrender, he immediately took the one he had taken 
 from me, and presenting it asked me if I would surrender, to 
 which I answered, No, he immediately ordered the others to make 
 ready their peices and advance, then turning to me, he said if I 
 "did not at once surrender he would order his men tc blow a 
 Brace of Pistols through me" I immediately surrendered. They 
 at once began robbing me of everything I had. Viz Horse & 
 Harness, Pair of Pistols, Great Coat, pair of Shoe Buckles, pocket- 
 book with notes &c to the amount of 25 or 30 ^ ; besides some 
 money, and sundry other articles. I was then put under guard 
 and proceeded to West Chestsr ; we had gone but half a mile when 
 we met one of the Seargents of Capt Alden's party, making his 
 escape from the enemy to our guards. Here the leader of the 
 guard that had taken me seised him and drove him with me to a 
 place 3 miles below West Chester to a Mr Hunt's an old tavern 
 keeper. This man abused me more than any other, while I was 
 a prisoner here I with my companion was kept till the next morn- 
 ing. The officers that our party had taken of the enemy, (the 
 same morning I was taken) were allowed to walk the streets and 
 were not put under guard, and had their Parole immediately. 
 Where, as I and my companion were put in close confinement, 
 with 13 sentinals, who would not allow us to speak. 
 
AuGusr 23rd — 'I'his morning as I and my companion were 
 conveyed to Kings Bridge we met Mr Delaney a Tory Col, who 
 inquired of our leader " where he got those scoundrels? to which 
 he replied that they were some of Washington's army. We had 
 gone but little farther, when we met a man who told us that he saw 
 Capt Alden dead, the day before and that he helped to bury him. 
 When we arrived at Kings Bridge I was put under the Provost 
 Guard where to, my sorrow, I found a man by the name of Prich- 
 ard, who was one of Capt Alden's Piquet and belonged to the 
 State Guards of Connecticut. He had his Commifsion with him 
 which was taken and never returned. Besides myself and the man 
 just mentioned, there were several others who were under guard 
 with us ; one Sargent of the State Guards, a Corporal of Col 
 Webbs Regiment, one of the Light-Horse, and 8 Privates, in all 13. 
 
 We were kept, in this place sometime under the Hesian 
 Guards. I applied for the things of which I was robbed, my 
 pocket-book & buckles were returned. I then made application 
 for things, which belonged to other prisoners, (on their behalf.) 
 Some of them had part of their things returned, others nothing. 
 At eleven O'clock a Surgeon of the British Army came to me, and 
 inquired for news papers. I told hiia I had none, he then gave 
 me a New York paper, and said that I should have my parole as 
 soon as I reached New York. The only provision we had as yet 
 received since we arrived here was some mouldy bread, a pint of 
 rum put into a bucket of water, once in a while the Hesian that 
 Guarded us would bring some sour apples in his hat and throw 
 them down among us as he would among so many pigs. The 
 guards being relieved we were marched for New York. Just be- 
 fore we reached there we were taken to the Quarters of a Hesian 
 General for a show. Here the Hesians flocked around us, mock- 
 ing us, sometimes drawing their swords across our throats, and 
 saying that we were to be hung here. A mate of the Hesion 
 Surgeon seeing me much fatigued gave me a glass of wine which 
 refreshed me much. Here our present guards were relieved by 
 other Hesians ; we were marched for Harlem here we were brought 
 before Gen. Piquet, a Brigideer General in the British Service ; 
 we staid here a few minutes, we were then put under an English 
 Guard, who treated us better than we had been before; under this 
 guard we went to New York. It being very warm weather, and 
 
the Guards changing often, we were marched so fast, that some of 
 us were ready to laint. But we were not allowed to stop even to 
 get a drink of water till we came to within four miles of New York, 
 when a poor woman seeing our condition, came out and entreated 
 our guards to stop that she might give us some water ; the guard 
 consented and the good woman (as I may call her, for I beleive she 
 was the means of saving the life of one of our men who was just 
 sinking with the heat) ran into the house and brought us several 
 pails of beer and three or four loaves of bread and two or three 
 pounds of Cheese, and to some of us she gave some money ; the 
 name of this woman was demons, a native of Boston, and she 
 was about 30 years of age. She kept a small shop at the right- 
 hand side of the road near Kings bridge. We marched till we 
 come to the Bowery, within 3/^ of a mile of New York ; being very 
 thirsty 1 prevailed upon the guard to stop, that we might again 
 refresh ourselves. We asked some negroes if they would give us 
 some water, to which they re])lied " No " Domd you, you rebels, 
 that we cant give you none, we are some of Donmons Men," we 
 were forced to go on without our desired refreshments. 
 
 As we come into the town the Hesians, Negroes, and child- 
 ren insulted, stoned and abused us in every way they could think of. 
 At that time two of our men had become so fatigued that we were 
 obliged to carry them. In this way we were led through half the 
 streets, as a show. At last we were brought before Gen Jones who 
 ordered us to the Sugar House which formerly went by the name 
 of Livingston's Sugar House which was the Prison the private 
 Soldiers were kept in. Here one Walley a Seargent of the 20th 
 Regt. of Irish troops in the British Service, had the charge of the 
 prisoners. This man was the most barbarous, cruel man that ever 
 I saw he drove us into the Sugar house yard like so many hogs, 
 from there he ordered us into the Sugar House which was the dirt- 
 iest and most disagreeable place that I ever saw and the water in 
 the pump was not better than that in the Dock. The top of the 
 House was open to the weather, so that when it rained the water 
 ran along and through every floor and on that account it was im- 
 possible for us to keep dry. Mr Walley gave us (13 of us) 4 
 pounds of poor Irish Pork and 4 pounds of mouldy bread for 4 
 days. After passing one night I asked Mr Walley if I was not to 
 have my parole to which he answered No. I then asked for a pen 
 
an<i ink that I might write a ])etition to the Gen for it, he answered 
 no, and was very cross and abused me very much. I again asked 
 him the reason why I was not to have my parole, he told me I was 
 not to have it. I then asked him if he would let me have a pen 
 and ink to write a few lines to my father which he might see be- 
 fore I sent them. He then struck me across the face with a staff 
 which I have seen him beat the prisoners; he told me he would 
 find a place for me. The next morning he came and took me out 
 of prison under guard with one Capt Bissel (whom he had taken 
 from the main Guard) and conveyed us to the Provost Guard. 
 Capt Bissel was put in the upper part of the prison. I was then 
 taken down to a Dungeon; when the door was opened '<here" 
 says Sergeant Keith (the Provost marshal) here's a Doctor for you, 
 you Danib rebbel." When I went in I found Capt Chatham for- 
 maly Capt of a Privateer, and belonged to Pensylvania, and was 
 taken prisoner and put in this dungeon, because after he was taken 
 captive, he was ordered to pilot their ship up the Deleware, which 
 he refused. There was also in this place a Capt Travis, of Virginia, 
 & Capt of a Sloop of War, & John McCaselden a Quarter Master 
 in the Continental Army, and belonged to the first Battallion of 
 New Jersey, and was accused of being a deserter Six or Seven years 
 before the present war begun. He was condemned to be hung, 
 but did not know which ; he had been there between five and six 
 months ; There were also in this dismal place besides these men- 
 tioned, nine thieves murderers &c. While in this place Capt 
 Chatham was taken sick with nervous fever, I solicited Seargent 
 Keith to permit him to go up stairs, But he answered in the nega- 
 tive. I then requested him to suffer me to send for some Medi- 
 cine or I believe he must die, to which he replied he might die ; 
 and if he did he would bury him. All the provision each man 
 had f )r a week was but, two pounds of Meat and two pounds of 
 bread, always one and sometimes both was not fit to eat, and those 
 who had money were not able to send to purchase any of the 
 necefsaries of life. At this time I had not one farthing of money 
 just being robbed of all, and also of my clothing except what I had 
 on. I had no change of linen from the 25th of August till the 
 1 2th of September. At this time I solicited Sargent Keith to per- 
 mit me to send to my father on Long Island and see if he would 
 send me some money and clothing which I was much in need of. 
 
(My father was one of their beloved friends and lived among them) 
 But he as before positively answered in the negative, and said that 
 no paper or written message should be sent out of the dungeon. 
 About this time I was feeling resigned to suffer all the punishment 
 that they were desirous of inflicting upon me. Remembering that 
 many of my dear country men had previously suffered greater 
 punishment than mine ; and that many of them died and bled in 
 their countrys cause, and defence. Previously contemplating and 
 Meditating that the cause we were contending for, was a just cause, 
 and a cause that all mankind ought to be interested in. Having med- 
 itated on all these things, I thought myself in duty bound, to suf- 
 fer with patience & fortitude, with my fellow prisoners in my 
 country's cause. In this hidious place I was kept till the twentieth 
 of September following ; when Seargent Keith (the Provost Martial) 
 came to the dungeon and took Capt Chatham, and Travis, and 
 myself, and led us to the upper part of the Prison, where I found 
 my friends that were also prisoners. Viz, Ethan Allen, Major 
 Williams, Paine & Wells and others. Allen was made prisoner 
 near Montreal, in the beginning of the war. He was put on board 
 a man of war, and kept chained flat on his back in the hole six 
 months. He also told me he had twice been carried on shore in 
 England to be hung, but was reprieved. He was likewise taken 
 on shore in Ireland and at Halifax for the same purpose. After 
 this he was brought to New York, where for a short time he had 
 his parole, it was taken from him, and he put in the i)rovost jail, 
 as there was an antipathy against him. I left hiv.i in this goal on 
 Jan 7, 1778. Major Williams, belonged at Maryland and was 
 taken prisoner at Fort Washington. Major Paine belonged at 
 Connecticut. (While I was in this place, we were not allowed to 
 speak to any friend, not even out of the window, I have frequently 
 seen women beaten with canes and ram-rods who have come to 
 the Prison windows to speak to their Husbands, Sons or Brothers, 
 and officers taken and put in the dungeon just for asking for cold 
 water. Our provision was the ?ame as in the dungeon with the 
 exception of dried Peas, we however had no fire to cook them. 
 Soon Fort Montgomery was taken by Gen Clinton (British) and 
 all the officers were brought and put in two small rooms on the 
 lower floor of the prison. Several of them were badly wounded 
 but no Surgeon was allowed to drefs them. I asked Sargent Keith 
 
for the privilege, he first told me I should, but on asking him the 
 second time, I was refused, and assured if I said any more about 
 it he would put me with them and there keep me. All of us in the 
 upper prison were sometimes allowed to go on top of the house, I 
 took this opportunity of throwing some ointment and Lint down 
 the chimney to the wounded in the lower rooms, with directions 
 how to use it, I knew only one of them Lt. Col Livingston. About 
 this time there was a report about town that Burgoyne and his 
 army were made prisoners, by the army under command of the 
 Hon Major Gen Gates ; it was however soon contradicted in their 
 newspapers, it was set forth in the following manner " Last Thurs- 
 day the rebels came to Elizabeth-town Point, to enlist recruits for 
 the rebel service, and in order to deceive raised a false report, fired 
 cannon, made fires, and gave away rum without measure, and said 
 that Gen Burgoyne and his whole army were taken prisoners. But 
 notwithstanding all their efforts they could not get a single man. 
 And tlie account of Gen Burgoyne being taken prisoner is to redic- 
 ulous to be beleived." This pafsed in some of the papers and there 
 was nothing said for ten or fourteen days, but the women that 
 pafsed by made motions assuring us that we might depend upon 
 it, that he was surely taken prisoner. About this time Col Liv- 
 ingston had a letter sent into him from his father By a British 
 Officer who was coming into New York on Parole, and was brought 
 to the Commander of the city, who being in haste ordered his 
 Secretary to write his permission to the letter aiid direct it to Mr 
 Livingston a Rebel Col, in the Provost jail, therefore it was brought 
 to him. Soon we heard hoUooing, and other expressions of joy 
 by him and others in the same room, but could not tell what was 
 the matter. After he had read the letter over and over again he 
 put it up to us through the crack in the floor, and we at once knew 
 the cause of their joy, and the whole prison was filled with joy in- 
 expressible ! The truth of what we heard was at this time con- 
 firmed. The next thing we saw was (in the papers) Gen Bur- 
 g.)yne's capitulation with Gen Gates. From this time till I left 
 the prison we were better treated, although the provision was bad. 
 But drew rather larger quantities of it. Some Butter, and about 
 a gill of rice a week, and some cole which we never drew before. 
 About this time my father came from Long Island to the prison 
 to see me. I was called down to the grates. My heart at 
 
8 
 
 first was troubled within me, 1 burst into tears and did not speak 
 for some minutes. 1 put my hand through the grates and took my 
 fathers, and heUl it fast. The poor old gentleman shed many 
 tears and seemed quite troubled to see me in so woeful a place. 
 He asked me how I did I told him poorly but as well as could be 
 expected in such a hidious place, I then asked after the health of 
 Mother Brother & Sisters, he told me they were well. I was 
 filled with joy at hearing this as it was the first time I had heard 
 from them since I entered the service. He asked me -'what 1 
 thought of myself now and why I could not have been ruled by 
 him, he said he had forewarned me of the cost, and that I had 
 been led away l)y a bad man (Dr Latham and that Washington's 
 whole crew would soon be in the same situation" and says he, 
 "did not you never see his excellency's ])roclamation, whare in 
 was set forth a free grace and pardon to all who would come in 
 voluntarely '' (Meaning Sir Wm Hows Proclamation) I told him I 
 had seen it, says he "why then did you not come in then, vol- 
 untarely, and quit the rebels. I thought you would come in vol- 
 untarely without being brought in by force of arms" Says I, 
 Father what made you think so, did not I tell you my mind be- 
 fore I left your house, and did not you know my disposition? 
 Have not I been faithful in all the duties of a child, to a parent? 
 But, Father you, and every other man must know that it was a 
 very trying thing to me, to leave all my dear friends and turn my- 
 self out into the world naked. Does this seem to you, to show a 
 rebellious disposition of temper and mind? When at that time I 
 had not a relative or acquaintance in the Army, not a relative in 
 the world but what were enemies to this once happy country. 
 Believe me dear Father, I v/as not led away by any man as you 
 supposed. But on the contrary I weighed the matter seriously 
 before I came into the service, the more I meditated the more I 
 was led to believe that the cause in which my countrymen were 
 engaged was a just one, and loudly called for the assistance of 
 every well wisher of his bleeding country. Such were the feelings 
 when I left my tender father's family. Soon the provost Martial 
 came and said he could not allow my father to stay longer, I there- 
 fore bade him farewell. Towards the latter part of December we had 
 Continental bread and beef sent us and as much wood as we wished 
 to burn, (a friend gave me some money which was very useful.) 
 
9 
 
 January 9th 1778. — This day Mr Walley come and took from 
 the prison myself and six others under guard and took us to the 
 Sugar House where I was first imprisoned. At this time my health 
 was bad, being trouble with the Scurvey, and my prospects tor the 
 winter were dark. Taii prisma wis much wjrse than when I left 
 it before, from the fact that there were nearly thirty soldiers, who 
 went around to the other i)risoners and stole from them, the few 
 comforts they had, and take the sick from their beds and take 
 their bed clothing, and beat and kick them almost to death. The 
 articles which they took from us they would carry to Mr Walley 
 and sell them for rum. 
 
 January 13th. — This morning I being unwell went to the 
 hospital, which was the brick Meeting House, here I staid until the 
 i6th here I was not much better than I was in the Sugar House no 
 medicine was given me, though I had a cough and fever, the Sur- 
 geon wished me as soon as 1 became better to take the care of the 
 sick, provided he could get my parole. 
 
 January i6th. — On coming the next morning he said he could 
 get it. I was now determined to make my escape, although hard- 
 ly able to undertake it. Just at the dusk of the evening, before 
 the lamps were lighted (having made the Sentinal intoxicated) I 
 with others went out into the back yard to endeavor to make our 
 escape over the fence, the others being backward about going first, 
 I climed upon a tomb stone and gave a spring and went over safe- 
 ly, and then gave orders for the others to do likewise. A little 
 Irish lad underto-)k to leap over, and caught his clothes in the 
 spikes in the wall, and made something of a noise. The sentinal 
 being aroused calle;! out (Rouse) which is the same as to command 
 the Guards to turn out. They were soon out and surrounded the 
 prison, in the meantime I had made my way to St. Paul's Church, 
 which was the wrong way to get out of town. The guards ex- 
 pecting, I had gone towards North River, went in that direction. 
 On arriving at the Church I turned into the street to go by the 
 College and thus go out of town by the side of the river. Soon 
 after I was out of town I heard the 8 o'clock gun ; which was 
 found on board the Commodors ship, and was a signal for the Sen- 
 tinals to hail every man that came by. I wished much to crofs 
 the river but could not find any boat suitable. While going up 
 the side of the river at g O'clock (P M) I was challenged by a 
 
Sentinal with the usual word (Burdon) upon which I answered 
 nothing, on being challenged the second time I answered Friend. 
 He bade me advance and give the counter sign, upon which I fan- 
 cied I was drunk and advancing in a staggering manner, and after 
 falling to to the ground, he asked me where 1 was going, home I 
 told him, but had got lost, and having been to New York, had 
 taken rather too much liquor, and become somewhat intoxicated. 
 He then asked my name which I told him was Marther Hopper 
 (Mr Hopper lived not far distant) And solicited him to put me 
 in the right road, but told me that I must not go till the Sargent 
 of the Guards dismissed me from him, unless I could give him the 
 counter sign. I still entreated him to let me go knowing the 
 situation I was in. Soon, however, he consented and directed my 
 course which I thanked him for. Soon the moon arose and made 
 it very light, and there being snow on the ground, crusted over, 
 and no wind, therefore a person walking, could be heard a great 
 distance. At this time the tumor in my lungs broke, and being 
 afraid to cough for fear of being heard, prevented me from releiv- 
 ing myself of the puss that was lodged there. I had now to cross 
 lots that were cleared and covered with snow, the houses being 
 thick on the road, which I was to cross, and for fear of being 
 heard, I lay myself flat on my stomach and crept along on the 
 frozen snow. When I come to the fence, I climed over, and 
 walked down the road, near a house where there were music and 
 dancing. At this time one of the guards came out. I immediately 
 fell down upon my face. Soon the man went into the house, I 
 rose again and crossed the fence into the field and proceeded 
 toward the river, there being no trees or rocks in the field to hin- 
 der my being seen, and not being able to walk without being 
 heard as the snow crust was hard enough to ])ermit my walking 
 on it, and the dogs beginning to bark, 1 lay myself flat again and 
 crept across the field, which took me half an hour. I at length 
 reached the river and walked by the side of it some distance and 
 saw a small creek which ran up into the island and by the side of 
 it a small house, and two Sentinals one each side of it, not knowing 
 what to do I crept into a hole in the bank which led in between 
 two rocks, here I heard them talk. I concluded to endeavor to 
 go around the head of the creek which was about half a mile, but 
 on getting out of the hole I took hold of a limb of a tree which 
 
gave way, and made a great noise, the sentinal on hearing it said 
 "did you not hear a person on the cr," I waited some minutes 
 and then went around the head of the creek and came down to the 
 river on the other side of the house to see if I could not find a boat, 
 to crofs to Long Island. But on finding sentinals near by I 
 returned back a short distance, and went up the river. I had not 
 gone more than 30 rods, when I saw another sentinal posted on 
 the bank of the river where I must pafs or go round a half a mile 
 and then come down to the river again. I stood some minutes 
 thinking what course to pursue, but on looking at the man found 
 he did not move and was leaning upon his gun, I advanced toward 
 him and succeeding in pafsing by without waking him up. After 
 this I found a Sentinal every 15 or 20 rods till I came within 2 
 miles of Hell (iate. Here I stayed till my feet began to freese, 
 and having nothing to eat, I went a mile farther up the river. 
 It now being late I crept up into the bushes and lay down to 
 think what to do next. I concluded as I could not get a boat to 
 crofs the river to Long Island to remain where I was during the 
 night and early in the morning to go down to New York and en- 
 deavor to find some house to conceal myself in. In the morning 
 as soon as the Revelry Beating commenced I went on my way to 
 New York which was 8 miles from this place, after proceeding 
 awhile I heard the morning guns fired at New York though 4 miles 
 from it. I pafsed the sentinals unmolested, down the middle road, 
 and arrived there before many were up. I met many of the Brit- 
 ish and Hessian Soldiers whom I knew very well, but they did not 
 know me, I went to a house and found them friends of America, 
 and was kindly received of them, and promised to keep me a few 
 days. I had not been here, but ^ of an hour when I was obliged 
 to call for a bed. After being in bed two or three hours, I was 
 taken with a stoppage in my breast, and made my resperation 
 difficult, and still being afraid to cough loud for fear of being 
 heard. The good lady of the house gave me some medicine of my 
 own prescribing, which soon gave me relief. Soon a rumor 
 spread about town among the friends of America, of my confine- 
 ment and expectation soon to be retaken, they took measures to 
 have me conveyed to Long Island, which was accordingly done. 
 Feb. 18, 1778. — The same day I was landed I walked nine 
 miles, and put up at a friends house during my walk I pafsed my 
 
Grandfather's house, and dare not go in to see him for fear he would 
 deliver me up to the British. The next morning I started on my 
 journey again and reached the place I intended at 1 2 O'clock (noon) 
 and put up with two friends. The next morning I and my com- 
 panions (two of them) started from our friends with four days 
 provisions and Shovels and axes to build us a hut in the woods. 
 We each of us had a musket powder and balls. Alter going two 
 miles in the woods, we dug away the snow and made us a fire. 
 After warming ourselves we set to work to build us a hut and got 
 one side of it done the first day, and the next day we finished it. 
 It was tolerably comfortable, we kejjt large fires and cooked our 
 meat on the coals. In eight or ten days we had some provisions 
 brought us by our friends. At this time we heard that Capt 
 Rodgers was cast away on Long Island, and concealed by some of 
 his friends. We went to see him, and found him, we attempted to 
 stay in the house in a back room. At about 10 O'clock A. M. 
 there came in a tory, he knowing some of us seemed much troubled. 
 We made him promise that he would not make known our escajie. 
 The next day my two comrades went l)a<;k to their old quarters 
 and Capt Rodgers and myself, and a friend went into the woods 
 and built us a hut, about ten miles from my former comp.nnions, 
 with whom we kept up a constant coresjjondence. Soon a man 
 Vfvis brought to us by our friends whom we found to be John Rolston, 
 a man that was confined with us in the Provost Jail. And was 
 carried to the Hospital about 3 weeks after I was, and made his 
 escape in the same way, and by friends was brought to Long Island. 
 March 19th 1778. — About five O'clock a friend came to us 
 and said we had an opportunity to go over to New England in a 
 boat that had just landed, with 4 torys that had stolen the boat at 
 Fairfield Connecticut. We immediately sent word to our two 
 friends with whom I first helped to build a hut, that we could now 
 go across the sound, but they could not be found. At sunset those 
 that came over in the boat went off, and some of our friends guid- 
 ed us through the woods to the boat, taken two oars with us which 
 we had made for fear we should not find any in the boat. On ar- 
 riving at the place our kind friends helped us off. We rowed very 
 fast till we were a great distance from land. The moon rose soon, 
 and the wind being fair, we arrived, we knew not where, about 
 
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13 
 
 half an hour before day. We weal on shore and soon found it 
 was Norwalk Ct. We had bade farewell to Long Island for the 
 present upon which I composed the following lines. 
 
 O fan- you well once happy land, 
 
 Where peace and plentj^ dwelt 
 But now op'pressed by tyrants hands, 
 
 Where naught but fury's felt. 
 Behold I leave you for awhile 
 
 To niouru for all your Sons ; 
 Who daily bleed that you may smile, 
 
 When we've your freedom won. 
 
 After being rested just as the day began to dawn we walked a 
 short distance to a place called the " Old Mill " where we found a 
 guard who hailed us at a distance, and on coming up to him 
 kindly received us, and invited us to his house to warm us, this 
 being done we went home with Capt Rodgers (for he lived in 
 Norwark) here we went to bed at sunrise and stayed till lo O'clock. 
 After dinner we took our leave of Capt Rodgers, and started for 
 head quarters in Pennsylvania, where the grand Army was at that 
 time. In seven days we arrived at Valley Forge. 
 
 Note. — The above narrative is a true copy of the "Journal" written 
 by my grandfather (Dr. Elias Cornelius), giving an account of his 
 sufferings and treatment while in the hands of the British in New York, 
 in 1777 and 1778. Charles M. Tompkins. 
 
 June 4th, 1894. 
 
 N 
 
I 
 
 ?rom 
 
 "Heitman*s Historical Register," 
 
 tof Revoliitionctry Officers. 
 "Cornelius, Elias (K. I. )Surgeon's- 
 Mate,- 2d Rhode Island, 1st January, 
 1777: taken prisoner at 3taten Island, 
 gi , 22d August, 1777:escaped from prison 
 
 §>y^ in March 1778:re.1oined his regi- 
 ment and served to 1st January, 1781. 
 (Died 13th June, 1825.) 
 
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 87